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Norfolk  archaeology 

Norfolk  and  Norwich  Archaeological  Society 


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MISCELLANEOUS  TRAGI'S 


aiLATINQ  TO  TRH 


ANTIQUITIES  OF  THE  COUNTY  OF  NORFOLK, 


PUBLISHBD  BT  THR 


NORFOLK  AND  NORWICH 


ARCHiEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


Netcio  quA  natale  solum  dulcedinc  captoa 
Ducit,  et  immemorei  non  sinit  esse  sui. 


CHARLES   MUSKETT,   OLD   HAYMARKET. 
1849. 


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NORFOLK  AND  NORWICH 

ARCH^OLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


9tt»ititnt : 

THE  LORD  BISHOP  OF  NORWICH,  F.R.S. 

Thb  Right  Honovrablb  thb  £a.bl  of  Robbbb&y. 

Thb  Rioht  Hokovrablb  thb  Lo&d  Sondbs. 

Thb  Right  Honoubablb  thb  Lord  Walsingham. 

Thb  Right  Honov&ablb  and  Rbybhbnd  thb  Lo&d  Batning. 

Thb  Right  Honouhablb  thb  Lobd  Colbobkb. 

Thb  Honoubablb  and  Ybbt  Rbvbbbnd  thb  Dban  of  Norwich. 

Sir  William  J.  H.  B.  Ffolkeb,  Bart. 

Sir  J.  P.  BoiLEAU,  Bart.,  F.R.S. 

Major-Gbneral  Sir  Robbrt  John  Hartby,  C.B. 

Thb  Ybnebablb  thb  Archdbacon  of  Norwich. 

Hudson  Gitrnbt,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  V.P.S.A. 

Daniel  Gu&nby,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

Dawson  Turner,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  F.A.S. 


807097 

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^(  CommitUt : 

Thb  Rkv.  Chakles  Boutsll Daumham. 

Thomas  Bbightwell,  Esq.,  F.R.S Norwich. 

The  Ret.  James  Bulwbr Aybham, 

Edwabd  Copeman,  Esq.,  M.D Norwich, 

The  Rev.  F.  Cubitt Fritton. 

W.  C.  EwiNO,  Esq Norwich. 

Robert  Fitoh,  Esq Norwich, 

The  Rev.  John  Gunn Intead. 

R.  B.  HuMPBET,  Esq Wroxham, 

GoDDA&D  Johnson,  Esq Norwich, 

C.  W.  Maesham,  Esq Hemnffham, 

Charles  J.  Palmer,  Esq.,  F.S.A Yarmouth, 

S.  W.  Stevenson,  Esq.,  F.S.A Norwich. 

E.  H.  St.  Quintin,  Esq Thorpe  Hamlet. 

The  Rev.  Bowter  Vaux Yarmouth. 

Richard  Ward,  Esq Saihowe  Hall, 

J.    WODDERSPOON,    EsQ NOTWich. 

The  Rev.  E.  T.  Yates Ayltham. 


treasurer  : 
Captain  Blakiston,  R.N.,  Thorpe  Hall, 

1$onorarp  SecrctarUB : 

Henry  Harrod,  Esq.,  Norwich. 
The  Rev.  Richard  EUrt,  Cotton. 

Xocal  SetrctarU* : 

Thomas  Barton,  Esq.,  Threxton. 
The  Ret.  J.  H.  Bloom,  Castle  Acre. 
G.  A.  Carthew,  Esq.,  Eaat  Dereham. 
James  Copeman,  Esq.,  Loddon, 
Joseph  Davet,  Esq.,  Yarmouth. 
Gboroe  Fitt,  Esq.,  Ftikenham. 
Thb  Ret.  A.  M.  Hopper,  Startton. 
The  Rev.  E.  J.  Howman,  Bexwell, 
S.  W.  Rix,  Esq.,  Beeclee. 
A.  H.  SwATMAN,  Esq.,  Lynn, 


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CONTENTS  OF  VOL.  II. 


Remarks  on  the  Boundary  of  the  City  and  Hamlets  of  Norwich. — 
W.  C,  Etoing,  Esq 1 

Account  of  the  Quildhall  at  Diss,  with  a  few  cursory  Remarks  on  the 
Town.— S.  W.  RiXy  Esq.  11 

Extracts  from  a  MS.  Diary  of  Peter  Le  Neve,  Esq.,  Norroy  King  of 
Arms,  entitled  **Memorand*  in  Heraldry/*  of  such  entries  as  relate 
to  the  County  of  Norfolk.— G.  A.  Carthno,  Esq.        .        .        23,  111,  369 

On  the  Crowmer  Monument,  Yarmouth  Church. — F,  Worship,  Esq,     ,      35 

Letter  from  Sir  Philip  Stapleton  to  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  four  Letters 
from  Oliver  Cromwell  himself. — D,  TumeTf  Esq.        ....      43 

Autographs  of  Sir  Miles  Hobart  and  Anthony  Hobart,  with  some  Par- 
ticulars respecting  their  Loddon  Property,  and  Extracts  from  the 
Town-books  there — James  Copenum,  Esq, 61 

Challenge  of  Oliver  Neve,  Esq.  to  Sir  Henry  Hobart.— iltfo.  R.  Hart   .      70 

On  an  ancient  Door  in  St.  Clement's,  Norwich. — Mr,  W.  Enfield,  Jun.        73 

Speech  of  Sir  Robert  Baldock,  Recorder  of  Yarmouth,  to  King  Charles 
the  Second,  upon  the  occasion  of  his  Visit  to  Norfolk,  1671. — 
Joseph  Davey,  Esq 75 

Observations  on  a  Facsimile  and  Transcript  of  a  Letter  from  Queen 
Elizabeth  to  Lady  Paget,  upon  the  Death  of  her  Daughter,  Lady 
CrompUm.— 'Communicated  by  P.  N.  ScoU,  Esq.  .81 

On  the  Font  at  Aylsham,  Norfolk.— iitfi?.  E.  T.  Yates  ...      83 

On  a  Figure  of  the  Law  in  York  Cathedral,  and  an  ancient  Stone 
Coffin  Lid  and  Column  at  Durham. — D.  Turner,  Esq.        ...      87 

Letter  from  Secretary  Walsingharo  to  the  Lord  Treasurer,  desiring  him 
to  promote  the  erecting  of  a  House  of  Reformation  in  Norfolk  for 
Vagabonds  and  others,  with  a  Bill  enclosed.  (From  the  Lansdowne 
MSS.)— CommtmtVa^erf  by  Sir  Henry  EUis 93 

Extracts  from  Wills  preserved  at  Stowe  Bardolph.— iZ^v.  G.  ff.  Dashu)ood      97 


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Pag9 

Sepulchral  Brass  of  the  Rey.  Henry  Martyn,  Yaxham,  Norfolk. — 
Rsv,  C.  Boutdl 110 

Notes  on  the  Parish  and  Church  of  Wimbotsham.~i{0o.  G.  H,  Dash- 
wood  and  Bev,  C,  BouteU 127 

Remarks  on  some  Ancient  Shields  in  the  Ceiling  of  the  South  Aisle  of 
St.  Nicholas'  Church,  Great  Yarmouth.— T^m.  Wm»  King,  Esq.,  York 
Herald 149 

Extracts  from  the  Chamberlain's  Book  of  Accounts,  14  Henry  IV.,  in 
the  possession  of  the  Corporation  of  Lynn  Regis. — Rev.  O.  JJ. 
Dashwood 183 

Copies  and  Translations  of  two  Deeds  in  the  possession  of  the  Corpora- 
tion of  Lynn.-— jD.  Turner,  Esq 193 

Some  Particulars,  accompanied  with  a  Figure,  of  the  Eastern  Window 
of  St.  John's  Maddermarket  Church,  Norwich.—  W.  C  Etoing,  Esq.       198 

Cursory  Notices  of  the  Rey.  Francis  Blomefield,  the  Norfolk  Topo- 
grapher.—S.  W.  Rix,  Esq 201 

Will  of  Sir  John  Fastolf,  touching  the  Establishment  of  hia  College  at 
Caister.— Z>.  Turner,  Esq, 225 

On  Misereres ;  with  an  especial  Reference  to  those  of  Norwich  Ca- 
thedral.—IZtfo.  R.  Hart 234 

Extracts  from  the  Coroners'  Rolls,  and  other  Documents,  in  the  Record- 
room  of  the  Corporation  of  Norwich. — Henry  Harrod,  Esq.        .         .     253 

Remarks  on  a  Figure  represented  on  the  Rood-loft  Screens  of  Gateley 
and  Cawston  Churches,  Norfolk. — Rev.  James  Bulicer  .    280 

Proyerbs,  Adages,  and  Popular  Superstitions,  still  preserred  in  the 
Parish  of  Irstead.— iZtfO.  John  Gunn 291 

Thirteen  unpublished  Letters  from  Sir  Is.  Newton  to  John  Coyell,  D.D. 
— D.  Turner,  Esq 309 

Note  of  all  the  Priyy  Seals  receiyed  by  Sir  Charles  Comwallis,  Knight, 
Collector  for  Norfolk,  160^.— Communicated  by  R.  Ward,  Esq,    .        .     339 

Mural  Paintings  in  Crostwight  Church,  Norfolk. — D.  Turner,  Esq.       .     352 

On  the  Ruined  Lodge  at  Drayton.— ET.  Harrod,  Esq 363 

Appendix 397 


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ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Page 

Map  of  the  Boundary  of  the  County  of  the  City  of  Norwich       .        .  1 
Diss— 

Ancient  Arms  of  the  Town 11 

Carving  on  Oak  Post,  Guildhall 12 

Guildhall  Grammar  School 16 

A  Diss  Farthing 19 

Arms  of  the  Town 19 

Cock  Street  Bridge 20 

Heywood  Hall 20 

Caryed  Panels,  Heywood  Hall 21 

Autograph  of  Robert  Burrough 21 

Angle  Post 21 

Angle  Post,  Market  Place  .  ...        .        .        .22 

Crowmer  Monument,  Yarmouth  Church 35 

Ditto,  Table  and  Panel 88 

Autograph  of  Oliyer  Cromwell 49 

Autographs  of  Sir  Miles  Hobart  and  Anthony  Hobart  .  .        .61 

Ancient  Door,  St.  Clement's,  Norwich 73 

Facsimile  of  Letter  of  Queen  Elizabeth  to  Lady  Paget         ...  81 

Font  at  Aylsham  Church,  Norfolk 83 

Details  of  ditto 85 

Ancient  Fresco  Painting,  York  Cathedral 87 

Topof  a  Stone  Coffin,  Durham  Cathedral 89 

Fragment  of  Column,  formerly  at  the  East  End  of  the  Chapter-House, 

Durham  Cathedral 91 

Brass  of  Henry  Martyn,  Rector  of  Yaxham,  1435  .110 

Wimbotsham  Church — 

Corbel  Table 129 

Nonnan  Door,  South  side            131 

Interior,  looking  South-East 132 

Boss,  Roof  of  Nave 134 

Six  Bosses,  ditto 134 

Bench  End 135 

Poppy  Head 136 


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vm. 

Page 
Ancient  Shielcb  in  the  Ceiling  of  the  South  Aisle,  Great  Yannouth 

Church 151—180 

East  Window,  St.  John's  Maddermarket  Church,  Norwich  .        .     198 

Persfield  Rectory,  Blomefield's  Residence     ......    203 

Blomefield's  Birth-place,  Fersfield 204 

Facsimile  of  entry  in  Fersfield  Register  by  Rey.  Francis  Blomefield     .    204 
Misereres  in  Noiwich  Cathedral — 

South  Side  of  Choir 248 

North  Side  of  Choir 249—261 

Brass  Escutcheon,  formerly  on  the  South  Door,  St.  Gregory's  Church, 

Norwich .269 

Figure  from  Rood-loft  Screen,  Gateley  Church      •        ....    280 

Facsmule  of  Inscription  on  ditto 282 

Figure  from  Rood-loft  Screen,  Cawston  Church 282 

Facsimile  of  a  Letter  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton 309 

Crostwight  Church- 
North  Wall,  with  general  View  of  Mural  Paintings    .  .352 

Mural  Painting,  Seven  Deadly  Sins 852 

Murol  Painting  oyer  North  Door 353 

Drayton  Lodge .    363 

Ditto,  Ground  Plan       .        .        .        .        ; 364 

Antiquities  discoTered  at  Saham  Toney ^400 


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KLLBSOeff  ^* 


**^Sw      \  E/ifiLHAM. 

\earlham 

iB  RIDGE 


crincleford 
Bridges 


Cringleford 


Thorp. 


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REMARK'S.' 


ON  THE    »•• 


COMMUNICATED  BY  W.  C.  EWING,  ESQ. 

IN   A   LRTTBB 

TO  HENKY  HARROD,  ESQ. 
Honorary  Secretary  to  the  J\^orfolk  emd  J^orteich  Archaciogical  Society. 


My  dear  Sir, 

I  have  lately  met  with  a  Map  of  the  Boundary 
of  the  City  of  Norwich  and  its  Hamlets,  together  with  a 
Description  of  the  Boundary  Line,  at  the  time  of  Philip  and 
Mary.  The  map  appears  to  have  been  made  by  Mr.  Kirk- 
patrick,  and  was  probably  copied  from  an  old  one.  The 
description  nearly  resembles  that  in  Blomefield;  but,  from 
having  references  to  the  plan,  it  may  be  better  understood. 

If  the  Committee  of  the  Norfolk  Archaeological  Society 
should  think  it  of  sufficient  interest  for  publication,  I  shall 
be  happy  to  offer  as  many  lithographed  copies  of  the  map, 
upon  a  reduced  scale,  as  may  be  required  for  their  Journal. 

I  have  likewise  sent  another  Description,  of  an  earlier 
date ;  probably  of  the  preceding  reign,  as  in  the  preamble 
the  Protector  Somerset  is  mentioned.  It  is  curious,  and  I 
think  interesting,  from  the  many  Crosses  noticed  as  being 
placed  where  a  public  way  intersected  the  line  of  boundary. 
Of  all  these  crosses  only  two  remain,  namely,  Hardley  Cross, 
which  is  in  a  perfect  state,  and  White  Cross,  now  called 
"  Mile  Cross ; "  the  latter  at  present  lying  prostrate,  but 
I  remember  when  a  considerable  portion  of  its  shaft  was 
standing. 

VOL.  II.  B 


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The  spot  marked  on  the  map  as  the  site  of  the  small  Chapel 
dedicated  to  St.  William  in  the  Wood,  is  now  scarcely  distin- 
guishable from  the  surrounding  heath,  save  by  very  slight 
traces  of  its  fbimd^tiptt.rand  a  small  patch  of  short  smooth 
grass,*  amongst" wiifck'^^ the  wild  thyme  grows,'*  but  free 
from:  fol29ef9ntf  Jfhe  dojurser  :plants  which  flourish  all  around. 
About  twelve  m'ontii'  since,  having  never  seen  the  spot,  I 
went  in  search  of  it;  but  being  without  any  clue  to  the 
place,  and  seeing  no  ruined  walls  as  I  expected,  to  indicate 
its  locality,  I  despaired  of  finding  it.  I  inquired  of  an  old 
shepherd  who  was  tending  his  flock,  though  with  little  hope 
that  he  could  tell  me  aught  of  the  Chapel  of  St.  William  in 
the  Wood;  and  was  surprised  to  learn  from  him  that  I  was 
very  near  it,  and  if  I  followed  that  sheep-track  for  about  an 
hundred  yards,  I  should  come  to  it.  I  asked  how  I  should 
know  the  place :  his  answer  was,  "  You  can't  mistake  it ; 
the  grass  is  short  and  fine :  'tis  holy  ground ;  and  no  weeds 
will  grow  upon  it." 

Magdalen  Chapel  is  now  used  as  a  bam,  and  is  in  a  very 
dilapidated  condition ;  but  several  interesting  remains  of  its 
Norman  architecture  are  still  visible.  Near  the  chapel  was 
the  mustering-place  of  the  city  trained-bands,  the  shooting- 
ground,  and  wrestling-place.  To  this  place,  on  St.  Mary 
Magdalen's-day,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  the  Mayor 
and  Corporation  repaired  with  great  pomp,  for  the  purpose 
of  ** setting  the  watch"  for  the  approaching  winter;  and  at 
that  time  the  watchmen  attended  with  their  harness  or  ar- 
mour fresh  scoured,  and  made  a  gallant  show. 

Thorp  Wood  was  cut  down  and  destroyed  by  the  rebels 
under  Kett  in  1549.  One  of  its  trees,  a  large  branching  one, 
became  celebrated  as  the  "  Oak  of  Reformation :"  under  its 
shade  the  arch-rebel  and  his  compeers  sat  in  judgment  upon 
the  citizens  and  gentlemen  whom  they  had  taken  prisoners. 

I  have  still  farther  sent  a  Description  of  the  ancient  Boun- 
dary of  the  Precincts  of  the  Cathedral,  as  claimed  by  the 


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3 

Prior  and  Monks ;  and  an  Account  of  a  View  taken  in  the 
tenth  of  Henry  VIII.  of  certain  lands  in  Lakenham  and 
Eaton,  for  the  purpose  of  settling  the  disputes  between  the 
Prior  and  Citizens,  touching  the  right  of  commonage,  shack- 
age,  &c.  in  those  hamlets. 

If  you  will  have  the  kindness  to  introduce  these  papers  to 
the  notice  of  the  Committee,  I  hope  they  will  print  any  or 
none  of  them,  as  they  may  think  proper. 
I  am,  my  dear  Sir, 

Yours  very  truly, 

Wm.  C.  Ewing. 


Boundary  of  the  City  and  Hamlets  of  Nortoich. 
Temp.  Philip  and  Mary. 

1.  From  the  river  Wenson,  by  the  exterior  part  of  the 
rivulet  called  Trowys  Eye,  to  the  bridge  of  Trowys. 

2.  From  the  bridge  of  Trowys,  by  the  exterior  part  of  the 
bank  of  the  same  rivulet,  to  the  bridge  of  Lakenham. 

3.  From  Lakenham  Bridge,  by  the  same  outward  bank, 
to  the  bridge  called  Hartford  Bridge. 

4.  From  Hartford  Bridge,  by  the  outward  bank  of  the 
same  rivulet,  to  Cringleford  Bridge. 

5.  And  from  thence,  by  the  outer  part  of  the  same  rivu- 
let, to  the  bridge  of  Erelham. 

6.  And  from  the  same  bridge  of  Erlham,  by  the  outward 
and  Western  part  of  the  village  of  Erlham,  direct  to  the 
King's  Bank,  called  the  King's  Bank  of  Heilesden. 

7.  And  from  the  same  bank  to  the  bridge  called  Heiles- 
den Bridge. 

8.  And  from  the  same  bridge  to  the  water  of  the  late 
water-mill  of  Heilesden,  called  the  Old  Mille  Dam. 

9.  And  from  the  same  water,  by  the  common  way  leading 
through  the  middle  of  the  village  of  Heilesden,  direct  by  the 

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common  lane  leading  on  the  Eastern  part  of  an  inclosure 
called  Heilesden  Wood. 

10  *  And  from  the  North  end  of  the  same  lane,  by  a 
certain  green  way  leading  directly  to  a  certain  parcel  of  land 
upon  which  a  certain  cross  called  the  Whyte  Crosse  was 
formerly  built,  being  in  the  King's  way  leading  from  the  said 
City  to  Horsham  Sancte  Fidis. 

11.  t  And  from  the  same  parcel  of  land  directly  to  the 
North  part  of  an  inclosure  called  Little  Mushold,  and  by  the 
North  part  of  the  same  inclosure. 

12.  And  from  thence  directly  to  the  North  part  of  a  sort 
of  inclosure  called  Wrenne  Park,  and  from  thence  to  the 
junction  of  two  ways  North  and  East  of  the  foresaid  inclo- 
sure. Of  which  two  ways,  one  leads  to  the  City  of  Norwich, 
and  the  other  to  the  Chapel  of  the  blessed  Maxy  Magdalene. 

13.  And  from  the  foresaid  junction  of  the  said  ways  di- 
rectly to  an  inclostire  lately  called  the  Safferne  Close,  leaving 
the  said  inclosure  on  the  part  of  the  North. 

14.  And  so  from  the  said  inclosure  upon  a  green  way 
directly  leading  to  the  wood  called  Saint  William's  Woode, 
and  including  the  said  wood. 

15.  Then  by  a  certain  green  way  lying  on  the  North  part 
of  the  aforesaid  wood,  directly  to  the  East  end  of  the  wood 
called  Thorp  Wood. 

16.  And  so  to  the  high  way  leading  from  the  said  City 
of  Norwich  to  the  village  of  Thorpe. 

17.  And  by  the  same  way  in  a  Western  direction  to  the 
North  end  of  a  common  way. 

18.  Leading  from  the  said  high  way  to  the  river  of  Wen- 
son,  near  the  Manor  of  Newton,  called  Newton  Hall. 

19.  And  by  the  same  river,  in  an  Eastern  direction,  by 
the  whole  length  of  the  same  river  to  a  certain  cross  called 
Hardley  Crosse.      And  so  returning,  including  the  whole 

«  At  this  spot  the  lower  portion  of  a  stone  Cross  still  remains, 
t  Idem. 


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breadth  of  the  aforesaid  river  of  Wenson,  to  the  exterior 
part  of  the  bank  called  Trowys  Eye. 


Boundary  of  the  Oity  and  Hamlets  of  Norwich. 
Temp.  Edw.   VL 

Viz.  From  the  abovementioned  water  of  the  Wenson,  by 
the  outward  bank  of  the  rivulet  called  Trowes  Eye,  to  the 
bridge  of  Trowes ;  and  from  the  aforesaid  bridge  of  Trowce, 
by  the  exterior  part  of  the  bank,  to  the  bridge  of  Lakenham ; 
and  from  the  said  bridge  of  Lakenham,  by  the  same  bank,  to 
the  bridges  of  Hertford  Briggs;  and  from  the  two  bridges 
called  Hertford  Briggs,  by  the  same  bank,  to  the  bridge  at 
Cryngilford ;  and  from  thence,  by  the  same  bank,  to  the 
bridge  of  Erleham ;  and  from  the  same  bridge  of  Erleham, 
by  the  exterior  part  of  the  village  of  Upper  Erleham  and 
Nether  Erleham,  by  the  said  water  of  Wenson,  including 
the  same  water  of  Wenson,  to  a  certain  Cross  situate  in  the 
King's  way  towards  Heylisdon,  from  the  gates  of  the  said 
City  called  Coslanygatis;*  and  from  thence,  by  a  circuit  by  a 
certain  Cross  towards  Horsham  St.  Faith's  called  the  White 
Crosse  ;  and  from  thence,  by  a  circuit  to  a  certain  Cross 
standing  in  the  King's  way  towards  Catton;  and  from  thence, 
by  a  circuit  to  a  certain  Cross  standing  in  the  King's  way 
towards  Sprowston,  to  the  North  of  the  Chapel  of  the  Hos- 
pital of  St.  Marie  Magdalene ;  and  from  thence  by  a  circuit 
to  the  outside  of  the  wood  of  St.  William ;  and  from  thence 
to  a  certain  Cross  standing  near  the  wood  called  Thorp  Wood, 
in  a  certain  way  leading  from  Norwich  to  Possewik,  upon 
the  hill  called  Seynt  Lennard's  Hill ;  and  from  thence  to  the 
said  water  of  Wenson  towards  Newton  Hall,  including  the 
said  water  of  Wenson ;  and  by  the  same  water  of  Wenson 
from  the  said  Newton  Hall  to  a  certain  Cross  called  Hardeley 
Crosse. 

«  Now  St.  Martin's  at  Oak. 


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Description  of  the  Ancient  Boundary  of  the  Precincts 
of  the  Cathedral. 

This  is  the  precincts  of  the  libertes  and  firanncheses  of 
the  Cathedrall  Chirch  of  the  holy  Trinite  of  Norwich,  like 
as  it  is  shewed  and  takyn  by  kyng's  chartours  writyngs,  and 
tried  of  late  by  records  of  Jugements  on  the  kyng's  laws ; 
that  is  for  to  sey,  from  a  place  called  Lovell  stathe/  abuttyng 
upon  the  rever  towards  the  Est,  directly  ascendyng  onto  the 
common  wey  called  ovyr  Consford  wey,  oncludyng  a  certeyn 
grownde  sumptyme  onhabite  parcell  of  the  parissh  of  the 
Chirch  of  merssh,  and  sumptyme  called  Soka  Epc,  wych 
is  nowe  onwalled  to  the  grey  ffryers,  which  inclosyng  puttith 
us  nowe  on  to  a  streighter  precincte,  that  is  for  to  sey,  to 
cume  abought  the  seid  Grey  flryers  walls  northward  on  to  a 
wey  under  the  Awmners  graneris  right  up  ascendyng  thurgh 
a  lytill  lane  sumptyme  called  Newgate,  betwyn  the  Chirch 
yerd  of  Seynt  Cuthbert  and  forsayde  grey  ffiyers,  like  as  it 
apperith  by  evident  tokens,  onto  the  forsayd  over  Consford 
wey ;  and  from  thense  by  the  mydde  wey  of  the  same  strete 
northwardes,  levyng  Erie  Bigottes  palayce  which  is  nowe  the 
fflour  Delyce,  the  Popyngaye,  and  Ratonrowe,t  and  the 
Crosse  of  Seynt  Mychell  upon  Tumelond  on  the  ryght  hand, 
by  the  mydde  wey  a  fore  the  modre  Chirch  gret  gates  a 
bowght  the  Chamell  wall ;  and  from  thense  by  the  mydde 
way  ledyng  up  to  the  mydde  brigge  called  Seynt  Marteyns 
brigge;^  and  from  thens  down  Estward  by  the  mydde  Water 
to  the  Cite  Wall  be  twyn  the  firyers  Carmelits  and  Poke- 
thorp  medows ;  then  from  that  wall  downe  Estward,  havyng 

*  Adjoining  south  to  Sandling's  Feiry. 

t  The  South  end  of  Tombland  was  called  **  Batton-row ;"  and  the  comer 
house  next  King  Street,  or  Conisford  Street,  was  a  noted  tayem,  called  the 
•*  Popingjay ." 

X  St.  Martin's  Bridge,  now  Whitefriars  Bridge. 


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lete,  scruteny,  and  puneshment,  as  well  upon  the  lond  bothe 
sydes  of  the  water^  tumyng  a  bought  to  the  forsayd  lovell 
stathe. 

Also  the  precincts  of  Seynt  Powles  hospitall,  into  the 
mydde  wey  a  bowght  the  Parissh  of  Seynt  Powle. 

More  ovyr  Almanner  ryghts  of  the  flfayers  from  the  Son 
ryse  on  the  vigill  of  Pentecost  yerly  onto  the  Son  be  down 
the  Tuesday  after  the  octaves  of  Pentecost,  as  wel  wythin 
the  Cite  and  every  parte  theroff  as  wyth  owte  a  leuge  a 
bowght  the  sayd  Cite.  § 


The  Vewe  taken  of  the  bounds  yn  varyans  for  the  Oomyn 
betwene  the  Maire  and  Cominaltie  of  the  Cite  of 
Norwich,  and  the  Prior  and  Convent  of  Norwich,  by 
the  right  honorable  Thomas  Erie  of  Surry,  and  by 
Sir  Humfry  Conyngesby,  knyght,  and  John  Caryll, 
Justices  of  Assises,  by  the  specyall  commandment  of 
the  right  reverend  ffader  yn  God  Thomas  lorde  Car- 
dynall,  legate  of  the  see  of  Rome,  Archbisshop  of 
Yorke,  Chaunceler  and  prymate  of  England,  takyng 
to  them  for  assystans  and  Counsell  Sir  Thomas  Wynd*- 
ham,  knyght,  one  of  the  kyngs  Councelers,  the  xxvj 
day  of  March  the  x  yere  of  the  reign  of  kyng  Henry 
the  viij*^. 

In  primis  the  seid  Erie,  Humfrey,  John,  and  Sir  Thomas, 
wythin  the  seid  day  and  yere,  takyng  with  them  the  seid 

{  Blomefield  says  that  in  1524,  by  means  of  the  Cardmal  (WoUey),  a 
composition  and  final  agreement  was  sealed  between  the  Prior  and  City,  by 
which  the  City  resigned  all  jurisdiction  within  the  walls  of  the  Priory,  and 
the  Church  resigned  all  jurisdiction  without  their  walls,  and  within  the  walls 
of  the  City,  to  the  said  City,  yiz.  Torobland,  with  the  fairs  kept  thereon,  and 
all  things  belonging  to  the  fairs,  Holme  Street,  Spitelond,  and  Baton-rowe, 
with  full  power  to  join  and  hold  them  with  the  other  city  leets. 


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8 

Prior .  and  dyvers  of  his  brether  and  his  Counsell :  And  in 
like  wise  the  Maire  of  the  seid  Cite  with  dyvers  Aldermen 
of  the  same  and  the  Counsell  of  the  seid  Cite,  went  out  all 
to  geders  at  Nedeham  gates*  of  the  said  Cite  southward 
toward  Lakenham,  and  as  they  went  yn  the  hye  wey  ledyng 
from  the  seid  Cite  to  a  brygge  called  Hertford  brygge  there 
lyeth  on  the  East  syde  of  the  seid  wey,  dyvers  lends  beyng 
all  arable  betwene  the  Town  dych  of  the  seid  Cite  on  the 
North  syde  of  a  vylage  in  Lakenham  afforeseid,  on  the  South 
syde  of  which  lends,  that  is  to  sey,  all  the  lends  from  the 
Towne  Dyche  to  a  Crosse  standying  yn  the  seid  hye  wey  to 
Lakenham  belong  to  dyvers  Citizens  and  inhabitants  of  the 
seid  Cite,  and  to  dyvers  other  persons :  And  the  residue 
therof,  that  is  to  sey,  from  the  seid  Crosse  to  the  seid  village 
belong  to  the  seid  Prior  and  Convent.  In  all  which  lends 
betwene  the  seid  dych  and  village  it  is  witnessed  by  dyvers 
olde  men  of  the  seid  Cite  and  also  by  dyvers  tenants  of  the 
Prior,  that  the  Citizens  of  the  seid  Cite  have  had  in  shak 
tyme,  after  the  Corne  caryed  awey,  comyn  for  there  bestes. 
Item,  there  be  oder  lends  lyeng  on  the  South  syde  of  the  seid 
village  betwene  the  same  village  and  the  watter  rynnyng  by 
Hertford  brygge,  of  which  lends  parte  lyeth  in  tillage  and 
parte  lyeth  in  pasture.  In  all  which  lends  the  seid  Cite 
claymeth  lyke  comyn,  that  is  to  sey,  yn  the  pasture  grounds 
all  the  tymes  of  the  yere,  and  yn  the  arable  grounds  yn  shak 
tyme;  nevertheless  they  broiight  not  sufficient  proves  to  have 
eny  Comyn  yn  that  ground.  And  on  the  contrarie  parte  the 
seid  Prior  brought  yn  witnesses  that  the  Catell  of  the  seid 
Cite  were  dystreyned  when  they  come  within  the  seid  bounds, 
and  within  the  seid  bounds  lyeth  the  vij  acres  of  londe  which 
the  Citizens  of  the  seid  Cite  relessed  all  there  right  by  fyne 
to  the  predicessorys  of  the  seid  Prior  yn  the  tyme  of  kyng 
John. 

And  on  the  West  syde  of  the  seid  wey,  ledyng  from  the 

♦  Nedeham  Gates,  now  St.  Stephen's  Gates. 


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seid  Cite  to  the  seid  brygge,  lyeth  next  to  the  Towne  dych 
dyvers  arable  londs.  And  on  the  South  parte  of  the  same 
arable  londs  lyeth  a  grete  pasture  to  ward  the  seid  brygge 
unto  a  hill  distendyng  downe  unto  the  same  brygge  and 
lyeth  betwene  the  same  hye  wey  on  the  East  parte  and  the 
Town  of  Eyton,  and  extendeth  unto  the  same  Towne  and 
yn  to  the  same  Towne  on  the  West  parte.  In  all  which 
pasture  it  is  proved  by  witnes  and  also  aggreed  by  both  par- 
ties that  the  Citizens  of  the  seid  Cite  have  alweys  have  had 
Comyn  yn  the  seid  Comyn  pastures  for  there  bestes  all  the 
tyme  of  the  yere.  In  which  pastures  lyeth  dyvers  parcels  of 
londs  that  have  ben  occupied  with  tillage.  And  the  seid 
Prior  claymeth  dyvers  parcels  of  the  londs  within  the  seid 
bounds  to  be  his  severall,  to  eyre  *  and  sawe,  at  his  pleasure. 
And  the  seid  Citizens  to  have  no  Comyn  theryn  but  onely 
yn  shak  tyme ;  and  for  the  proof  of  the  seid  severall  londs^ 
the  seid  Prior  brought  yn  dyvers  witnesses  that  dyd  see  the 
same  parcels  both  eyred  and  sowen,  some  of  them  xl  yers 
past  and  more,  and  some  of  them  syth  that  tyme.  Never- 
theles  dyvers  olde  men  of  the  seid  Cite  depose  that  they 
have  knowen  the  seid  londs  this  Ix  yers  and  more,  and  that 
the  Citizens  of  the  seid  Cite  have  used  there  Comyn  theryn 
aswell  as  yn  odjrr  places.  And  that  by  all  the  same  tyme 
they  never  sawe  the  seid  parcels  ered  ne  sowen,  &c. 

Item,  there  is  another  grounde  betwene  the  seid  hill  dis- 
cendyng  to  the  seid  brygge  and  the  Ryver  comyng  by  the 
same  brygge,  and  extendeth  from  the  seid  hye  Wey  unto  the 
Town  of  Eyton,  grete  part  of  which  is  arable  and  lyeth  to 
tillage,  and  parte  thereof  is  medowe  and  more,  in  which  me- 
dowe  and  more,  the  seid  Citizens  clame  Comyn  of  pasture  all 
the  tymes  of  ther  yere,  and  yn  the  seid  arable  grounde  yn 
shak  tyme.  As  for  this  article  it  is  shewed  by  witnes  that 
grete  parte  of  the  seid  medowe  belong  to  the  seid  Prior, 
and  parte  to  the  Abbot  of  Sejmt  Benetts,  and  parte  to  dyvers 

♦  Eyre,  to  plough. 


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10 

oder  persons^  and  they  have  ever  used  to  mowe  the  same^ 
and  that  the  Citizens  nor  none  oder  used  to  have  Comyn 
there  but  yn  shak  tyme  when  the  corne  and  hey  were  caryed 
awey.  And  then  to  Comyn  aswell  yn  the  seid  more,  as  yn 
the  seid  medowe  and  londs^  unto  our  Lady  day  in  March. 

Iteniy  where  my  lorde  Cardynall  ordred  that  the  seid  Prior 
shuld  ley  out  to  the  Comyn  xl  acres  of  londe^  which  the  seid 
Maire  and  Citizens  seyid  that  it  was  the  xl  acres  specyfied  yn 
the  seid  fyne,  and  seyd  that  they  wold  shewe  where  xxxiiij 
of  the  seid  xl  acres  lyeth.  The  seid  Commyssyoners  have 
herd  and  seyn  all  that  ever  they  can  sey  or  shewe  theryn, 
and  as  yet  they  can  neyther  fynde  ne  have  eny  contente 
therof. 

Iteniy  the  seid  Commyssyoners  vewed  and  sawe  a  pasture 
grounde  lyeng  by  the  wode  syde  on  the  Est  parte^  and  at  the 
wode  end  at  the  North  parte  yn  Eyton  afforeseid.  In  which 
grounde  it  is  aggreed  by  both  partibs  that  the  seid  Citizens 
have  ever  used  to  have  Comyn^  and  also  in  the  arable  grounde 
lyeng  therto  in  shak  tyme.  And  it  is  shewed  unto  the  seid 
Commyssyoners  by  the  seid  Maire  and  Aldermen,  that  the 
grounde  where  as  the  seid  wode  groweth  was  taken  out  of 
the  seid  Comyn,  and  sett  with  accomes  and  nowe  is  a  wode. 
And  for  the  proff  therof,  one  Walter  Colls  of  Eyton  affore- 
seid, deposeth  that  he  sawe  his  ffader  ere  the  seid  grounde 
and  set  it  with  accomes  aboute  1.  yers  paste  and  more,  and 
that  he  helped  to  geder  the  accoms  to  sett  the  grounde 
withall,  &c.  t 

t  Blomefield  says  that,  about  1524,  the  City  resigned  to  the  Church  all 
right  and  prescription  of  commonage  in  Eaton  and  Lakenham,  and  the 
Prior's  lands  in  those  towns ;  and  the  King,  to  settle  it  firmly,  licensed  the 
City  to  receive,  and  the  Prior  and  Convent  to  convey  to  the  City  for  ever, 
eighty  acres  of  ground  and  pasture,  parcel  of  the  said  Common,  now  called 
the  Tovnt  Cloae^  in  lieu  of  such  right  of  commonage. 


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11 


ACCOTJNT  OF  THE 

GUILDHALL   AT  DISS; 

TOOBTHBR  WITH 

A  FEW  CURSOEY  BEMABKS  ON  THE  TOWN. 

COMHUNIOATSD  BT 

MR.  SAMUEL  WILTON  RIX. 


BlomeiYeld  has  placed  Diss  at  the  commencement  of  his 
Norfolk  History.  That  town,  situated  within  a  few  miles 
from  the  secluded  rectory  of  Fersfield,  his  residence,  pos- 
sessed for  him  a  special  charm :  it  was  the  scene  of  his  early 
youth.  In  the  pedigree  he  gives  of  his  family,  it  is  stated 
that  he  "was  educated  first  at  Diss."  Most  probably  he 
attended  the  Grammar-School,  carried  on  in  the  house  known 
as  the  Guildhall.  This  building  he  identifies  as  having  been 
used  in  common  by  the  two  gilds  of  St.  Nicholas  and  Corpus 
Christi,  and  subsequently  "  granted  to  the  inhabitants."  *  It 
has  now  been  totally  swept  away.  A  slight  notice  of  its 
history  and  successive  occupants  may  be  thought  worthy  of 
preservation. 

The  opulence  to  which  the  gilds  at  Diss  had  advanced, 
affords  some  countenance  to  the  opinion  that  the  Guildhall 
might  be  as  old  as  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.  Unfortunately, 
•  Blomefield's  Norfolk,  8yo.  edition,  Vol.  I.,  p.  33. 


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12 

at  the  time  when  alone  the  writer  had  the  opportunity  of 
knowing  it,  successive  repairs  had  been  allowed  to  obliterate 
almost  every  trace  of  its  ancient  appearance.  The  only  proof 
of  its  antiquity,  a  massive  oak  post,  remained  at  the  south- 
west comer,  having  on  its  upper  part  the  rude  carving  of 
which  an  etching  is  subjoined. 


Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Dawson  Turner  an  extract 
has  been  obtained,  from  Sir  Francis  Palgrave,  srSwing  that 
the  letters  patent  of  18th  June,  27  Eliz.  (1584),  quoted  by 
Blomefield  as  a  grant  of  St.  Nicholas  Chapel  to  William 
Croft  and  John  Hallyet,  also  included  the  Guildhall,  by  the 
following  description : 

"  And  also  all  that,  the  house  in  Dysse  aforesaid  (called 
in  English  a  Gwylde-hall),  with  the  appurtenances  now  or 
late  in  the  tenure  of  Thomas  Burton,  and  late  parcel  of 
the  possessions  of  a  certain  fraternity  or  society  of  divers 
persons  in  Dysse  aforesaid." 

Croft  and  Hallyet  probably  obtained  the  grant  as  trustees 
for  the  various  persons  to  whom  the  property  embraced 
therein  was  intended  to  be  conveyed.  This  was  a  common 
practice  to  save  expense.  It  would  seem,  however,  that  the 
Guildhall  had  already  come  into  the  possession  of  the  inhab- 
itants; for  Blomefield  notices  that,  "in  1575,  here  were  kept 
the  standard  scales  and  weights  for  the  market;"    and  he 


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13 

gives  a  list  of  utensils  which  "  then  were  left  to  the  use  of 
the  town  in  this  house."  t 

The  earliest  existing  deed  relating  to  the  Guildhall^  ac- 
cording to  the  Charity  Commissioners'  Report,  bears  date 
10th  September,  1596,  whereby  the  property  was  enfeoffed 
by  Robert  Cooper  and  others  to  Richard  Leacke  and  others. 
This  deed  refers  to  a  conveyance,  dated  7th  September  then 
instant,  made  to  the  feoffors  by  Richard  Fisher  and  others. 
No  trusts  were  declared.  But  in  the  next  feoffment,  dated 
18th  April,  16S3,  and  on  subsequent  similar  occasions,  the 
premises  were  conveyed  to  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  Diss. 

Speed  i  mentions  ''  one  Cleber,  a  schoolmaster,  some  tyme 
at  Dys  in  Norfolke,"  who,  in  1556,  read  publicly  a  traitorous 
proclamation,  and  persuaded  the  people  to  take  arms  against 
Queen  Mary ;  and  who  was  executed  at  the  following  assizes 
at  Bury.  Whether  he  had  swayed  the  ferule  in  the  Guild- 
hall is  uncertain ;  though  the  dissolving  statute  of  1  Edward 
VI.,  cap.  14,  under  which  the  building  was  seized,  expressly 
contemplates  the  "  erecting  of  grammar-schools  to  the  edu- 
cation of  youth  in  virtue  and  godliness."  The  earliest  evi- 
dence the  writer  has  met  with  of  its  being  applied  to  such 
a  purpose,  occurs  in  1692,  when  a  charge  is  made  in  the 
"  Disse  Towne  Booke,"  §  of  10^.  for  *'  glazing  the  School- 
house." 

In  a  list  of  "  rents  yearly  growing  due  to  the  towne,"  made 
in  1693,  are  the  following : 

£.    «.    d. 
"  Rob*  Towell  for  pte  of  y«  Guildhall      ...     08  10  00 
M'  Edw.   Easterby,  ten'   to    the   Guildhall 

Chamber,  at 01   10  00" 

At  Easter,  1706,  these  disbursements  occur  : 

t  Vol.  I.,  p.  88.  t  Page  854  (104.) 

§  I  am  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of  the  Churchwarden,  Mr.  Farrow,  for  an 
inspection  of  this  record. 


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£.     s.     d. 

"  Sweeping  the  Schoole 00  00  09 

Paid  George  Tyrrold  for  glazeing  the  Schoole- 

^  house 01  02  06 

For  a  chaire  for  the  Schoole  house       ...     00  02  06  " 

The  payment  by  the  parish  of  a  salary  of  £10.  a  year,* 
is  first  recorded  in  the  churchwarden's  account  at  Easter^ 
1706. 

"  Paid  to  Mr.  Uoyd  for  halfe  a  yeare's  sallary  .     05  00  00  " 

Another  entry  calls  him  "the  Schoolmaster;"  and  in  1707 
the  disbursement  is : 

*'  Paid  M'  Lloyd  for  his  sallary  and  a  bill  for 

burying  poor  people  11«.  6<^.       .     .     .     .     10  11  06" 

which  shows  that  Mr.  Lloyd  was  in  holy  orders. 

In  1710,  The  Bev.  John  Bryars,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Billing- 
ford,  undertook  the  mastership.  Accordingly,  at  the  follow- 
ing Easter  the  parish  officers  take  credit  for 

"  Pd  M'  Bryers  a  year's  sallary  for  y*  scool .     .     10  00  00  " 

This  gentleman  was  active  in  promoting  the  success  of  a 
charity-school  established  in  the  adjacent  village  of  Palgrave, 
and  preached  and  published  a  sermon  at  the  first  meeting  of 
its  patrons.  The  dedication  of  this  sermon  is  dated  ^'  Bil- 
lingford,  May  15,  1711."  And  it  would  seem  that  he  did 
not  remove  to  Diss  before  1713,  when  he  was  presented  to 
the  living  of  that  parish.  A  second  dedication  prefixed  to 
the  same  sermon  is  addressed,  among  others,  to  "  RoV  Bur- 
roughs, Gent,  Francis  Guybon,  M.D.,  William  Coggeshall, 
Gent.,  Samuel  Manning,  Gent.,  and  John  Moulton,  Gent., 
[all]  of  Diss."  Two  years  after  its  establishment,  the  Pal- 
grave Charity-School  was  transferred  to  the  Guildhall  at  Diss. 
There  it  was  still  carried  on  when  Blomefield  wrote  (1736) ; 
the  master  having  his  dwelling  in  one  part  of  the  Guildhall, 
and  keeping  school  in  another  part.f 

*  See  Blomefield,  Vol.  I.,  p.  37. 
t  Vol.  I.,  p.  37. 


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The  entries  in  the  parish  accounts,  after  1713,  do  not  show 
how  long  Mr.  Bryars  retained  the  Grammar  School;  but 
Tinder  him,  there  can  scarcely  be  a  doubt,  the  Norfolk  His- 
torian received  the  rudiments  of  his  education. 

In  1721,  appears, 

£.    t.   d, 
"  Received  of  Andrew  Webster  for  the  Quild- 

haU  Chamber 01  10  00 " 

The  death  of  Mr.  Bryars  occurred  in  1728 ;  and  the  edu- 
cational zeal  of  his  parishioners  appears  then  to  have  some- 
what abated.  The  churchwarden's  accounts  for  1730  contain 
these  items : 

"  March  27.     To  Mr,  RandaU  for  two  yeares' 
sallery  for  schoole  keeping,  due  at  a  Lady 

last  past 10  00  00 

April  12,  1729.     Received by  bills,  one 

pound  for  four  yeares*  rente  of  parte  of  the 
Guildhall  Chamber  due  att  a  Lady  day 
last  past." 

Another  name  appears  in  1732,  when  we  find, 

"  Decemb.  19.     Paid  Mr,  Blyth  for  keeping  the 

gramar  schoole  as  ^^  agreement      .     .     .     10  00  00" 

From  Blomefield  {  we  learn  that,  while  the  Charity-School 
occupied  a  part  of  the  ground-floor,  the  Grammar-School,  in 
his  time,  was  "  kept  above,  in  the  same  house,"  where  also 
the  master  had  lodgings.  This  earlier  institution  had,  no 
doubt,  appropriated  the  principal  apartment,  which,  as  usual 
in  half-timbered  houses,  was  in  the  more  spacious  upper  story. 
The  succession  of  masters  is  not  always  ascertainable  from 
the  "  Towne  Booke ; "  the  payments  being  often  entered 
merely  as  made  to  "  the  Grammar-schoole  master."  But  the 
individual  to  whom  Blomefield  refers,  was  Mr.  Chappehw, 
It  was  he  who  received  the  parochial  salary  of  £10.  for  the 
+  Vol.  I.,  p.  37. 


\ 


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years  ending  Michaelmas  1733  and  1735  ;  and  in  April 
1737,  there  are  several  items  of  expenses  "  for  worke  in 
M'  Chapolow's  school." 

By  a  memorandum  made  about  1751,  it  appears  that  the 
^* Guildhall  or  School-house"  was  then  "occupied  by  Mr, 
John  Barnard y  on  a  lease  for  twenty  years,  bearing  date  1738. 
Also  the  chambers  that  were  lately  used  for  a  Latin  School, 
at  a  yearly  rent  of  thirty  shillings."  So  that  the  Grammar- 
School  had  now  taken  the  place  of  its  humbler  companion  on 
the  ground  floor;  and  there  it  was  always  kept  afterward. 
Mr.  Barnard  resided  in  the  house  nearly  forty  years,  and 
died  there,  at  an  advanced  age,  in  the  year  1777.  He  is 
said  to  have  been  a  person  of  respectability,  and  of  some 
taste,  especially  as  a  florist. 

The  next  occupier  was  Mr,  George  Gilbert^  whom  the 
oldest  inhabitants  still  remember,  as  a  man  of  excellent 
talents,  social  disposition,  and  superior  penmanship.  Ex- 
tensive repairs  were  done  at  this  period;  and  the  building 
assumed  the  appearance  shown  in  the  annexed  sketch. 

Mr.  Gilbert  having  removed  to  Hackney,  about  1787  the 
school  fell  into  the  .hands  of  Mr.  James  Whiter  by  whom 
it  was  soon  relinquished  in  favour  of  the  JRev.  Simon  Westby. 
The  latter  gentleman  was  a  native  of  Holt,  where  he  was 
educated  at  the  school  founded  by  Sir  Thomas  Gresham.  In 
the  year  1775  he  became  an  assistant  in  the  boarding-school 
established  at  Palgrave,  in  the  house  formerly  occupied  by 
Tom  Martin  the  antiquary ;  and  where  Lord  Denman,  Gell, 
Dr.  Frank  Sayers,  and  his  biographer,  William  Taylor,  were 
among  the  juvenile  charge ;  men  whose  subsequent  eminence 
has  contributed  to  shed  great  lustre  around  the  name  of 
Barbauld.  In  1781,  Mr.  Westby  entered  at  Gonville  and 
Caius  CoUege,  Cambridge,  as  a  "ten  year  man;"  and  he 
accordingly  took  the  degree  of  B.D.  His  position  in  so- 
ciety as  a  clergyman,  added  to  his  talents,  acquirements,  and 
energy,  together  with  the   adoption   of  certain  books  and 


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plans  of  teaching  which  had  been  used  at  Palgraye^  ensured 
him  success  as  an  instructor  of  youth.  The  course  of  study 
pursued  under  his  care  was  elementary  rather  than  extensive 
or  ornamental ;  including,  however,  such  an  Acquaintance 
with  classical  learning  as  might  throw  light  upon  the  struc- 
ture and  etymology  of  the  mother-tongue,  and  might  lay  the 
foundation  for  higher  attainments  at  college,  or  for  the  not 
less  valuable  process  of  self-improvement. 

In  1812,  Mr.  Westby  tested  the  powers  of  his  pupils  by 
inviting  them  to  attempt  some  English  and  Latin  composi- 
tions in  verse.  The  result  was  a  brochure^  of  which  a  limited 
number  of  copies  were  privately  printed,  under  the  title  of 
'^  Prize  Distichs  on  a  Dead  Nightingale,  in  Latin  and  Eng- 
lish, and  other  Pieces,  written  by  the  Pupils  of  Diss  School." 
Skelton,  the  laureated  Rector  of  Diss,  had  written  what  Cole- 
ridge styles  "an  exquisite  and  original  poem,***  on  the  death 
of  a  sparrow  killed  by  a  cat;  and,  alluding  to  the  sneer  of 
a  rival  poet,  had  lightly  said, 

"  But  what  of  that?— hard  'tis  to  please  all  men,— 
Who  list  amende  it,  let  hym  set  to  his  penne."  f 

At  length,  after  the  lapse  of  three  centuries,  the  challenge 
was  accepted — by  "unfledged  poets,*'  but  certainly  with  the 
advantages  of  a  more  promising  theme  and  in  more  polished 
times.  The  comparison  is  curious  between  the  quaint  style, 
ludicrous  extravagance,  and  coarse  imprecations  of  the  lau- 
reate, and  the  flowing,  plaintive,  and  not  inappropriate  lines 
of  the  Guildhall  boys. 

Mr.  Westby  carried  on  the  school  with  vigour  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  on  the  4th  May,  1820.  He  was  in- 
terred in  the  church  at  Kenninghall,  of  which  parish  he  had 

*  Coleridge's  Bmnaint,  Vol.  II.,  p.  163 ;    Skelton's  Poetical  Works,  by 
Dyce,  Vol.  I.,  p.  xlix. 
t  Skelton's  Poetical  Works,  by  Dyce,  Vol.  I.,  pp.  xrxy.,  412, 
VOL.  II.  C 


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been  Vicar  thirteen  years.     With  him  terminated  the  Gram- 
mar-School  in  the  Guildhall. 

The  room^  in  which  it  had  been  long  conducted^  was  after- 
wards occupied  as  a  Charity-School  for  Girls.  At  length  the 
site  of  the  old  house  was  required  for  the  purpose  of  en- 
larging the  churchyard.  On  the  9th  September^  1846,  the 
buildings  were  sold  by  auction,  "  to  be  taken  down  and  re- 
moved on  or  before  the  10th  October," — a  sentence  which 
has  been  carried  into  complete  effect. 


SOMB 

FURTHER   ILLUSTRATIONS    RELATING   TO    DISS. 

It  is  at  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Dawson  Turner  jthat  I  ven- 
ture to  add,  to  the  foregoing  account  of  the  Guildhall  at  Diss, 
three  or  four  unconnected  etchings  (very  humble  amateur 
performances)  relating  to  the  same  parish.  This  is  a  needful, 
and  will  be  considered  a  sufficient,  apology. 

The  town  is  somewhat  removed  from  the  beaten  track  of 
intercourse  between  the  chief  towns  of  East  Anglia,  and  was 
formerly  so  little  frequented  by  travellers,  that  it  became  a 
proverb  at  Cambridge,  to  express  indifference  respecting  tri- 
vial matters,  ''He  knows  nothing  about  Diss.'*  According 
to  Blomefield  *  there  were  in  17S6, "  near  240  families  and 
near  3000  souls."  His  own  interleaved  copy  of  the  portion 
of  the  Norfolk  History  relating  to  the  Hundred  of  Diss, 
which  afterwards  belonged  to  Honest  Tom  Martin  and  was 
presented  by  Mr.  Wilkin  to  the  Norwifch  Literary  Institu- 
tion, contains  the  following  memorandum,  probably  in  the 
handwriting  of  an  intermediate  owner. 

"  Number  of  inhabitants  in  the  parish  of  Diss,  taken  June  5th 
and  6th,  1770:— 

•  VoL  L,  p.  38. 


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PxesbyteriaiiB 
Jews  .  . 
Quakers 
Catholics  . 
Anabaptists 
Methodists . 
Church  .     . 


Total 


6 
2 

4 
1924 


2003 


The  number  above  16 

years 1221 

Under  16  yean    ...    782 


Souls 


Houses  . 
Families 


.  2003 


.     .    296 


In  1841^  the  population  had  increased  to  3205;  and  a 
railway,  diverting  the  traffic  from  the  noble  inn  built  at 
Scole  in  1655,  promises  to  add  still  further  to  the  import- 
ance of  the  town. 

The  characteristic  feature  of  its  topography  is  the  Mere, 
to  which  the  town  probably  owes  its  existence  as  well  as  its 
name.  Hence  the  shield 
wavy  adopted  as  a  device 
upon  the  Diss  Farthing,t 
coined,  in  defiance  of  laws 
and  proclamations,  during 
the  scarcity  of  money,  and 
especially  of  small  change,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  A 
similar  shield,  somewhat  modified,  is  still  used  as  the  local 
symbol. 


t  Blomefield.  Vol.  I.,  p.  38. 


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Towards  the  souths  at  no  great  distance^  the  boundary  line 
of  the  parish  and  of  the  county  is  drawn  by  the  river  "Wa- 
veney,  here  only  five  miles  from  its  source.  "  Hie  limen 
Norfolciae/*  writes  Sir  Henry  Spelman^  "  tuetur  Lopham^  e 
cujus  latere^  velut  ab  eodem  alvo,  enascentes  discordes  firatres, 
Isis  minor  et  Waveney  fluvii,  contrariis  alveis,  hie  per  Dille," 
[Disse]  "  in  oriente  Garienem  petit,  ille  per  Thetforde,  in 
occidente  Lennvm  Regis;  suo  ambitu  totum  Norfolcise  aus- 
trale  hemisphaerium  complectentes.*' J  It  appears  that,  in  the 
thirteenth  century,  it  was  one  of  the  services  of  the  lord  and 
tenants  of  the  Manor  of  Dickleburgh  Rectory,  to  carry  part 
of  the  abbot's  wine  from  Norwich  or  Yarmouth  to  Palgrave 
Bridge.  II  This  was  a  foot-bridge,  or,  at  most,  one  adapted  to 
a  bridle-way  only.  The  road  from  Diss,  through  Palgrave 
to  Bury,  crossed  the  river  by  a  ford,  seldom  impassable. 
Within  the  last  twenty  years  the  bridge,  a  sketch  of  which 
is  annexed,  was  removed,  and  an  arch  for  carriages  erected. 
The  Report  of  the  Charity  Commissioners  has  recorded 
several  sums  contributed  by  the  parish  of  Diss  to  this  im- 
provement. 

At  the  northern  extremity  of  the  parish,  near  the  termina- 
tion of  the  "Heywood,"  formerly  a  chase-way  or  strip  of 
common,  but  inclosed  with  the  other  waste  grounds  in  1814, 
stands  Heywood  HaU,  caUed  by  Blomefield  "  Diss  Hall."  § 

Before  the  present  century,  alterations  were  made  in  the 
house  which  despoiled  it  of  much  of  its  original  character ; 
and  many  very  old  trees  have  since  been  cut  down.  But 
the  corbie-stepped  gable,  the  chimney,  and  certain  traces  of 
moats  and  gardens,  still  mark  the  site  of  "  the  capital  Manor 
House." 

To  the  reign  of  Charles  II.,  or  perhaps  a  somewhat  later 
date,  may  be  assigned  the  carved  panels  which  remain  in 

X  "  Icenia,"  Po$thumouM  Works,  folio,  p.  15S. 

II  Blomefield,  Vol.  I.,  p.  191,  note, 

i  Vol.  I.,  p.  16. 


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one  of  the  upper  rooms^  having,  no  doubt,  been  removed 
from  their  original  situation.  Their  subject  is  a  duck-hunt — 
a  pastime  which  Strutt*  justly  describes  as  ^^  barbarous/'  and 
which  is  now  happily  obsolete. 

Blomefield  mentions  an  almshouse  of  brick,  built  on  the 
east  side  of  the  churchyard  at  Diss,  by  Mr.  Robert  Bur- 
roughs,t  who  was  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Roydon  Hall  with 
Tufts,  and  Patron  of  the  Advowson  of  Roydon.  J  He  wrote 
his  name 


This  almshouse  was  pulled  down  some  years  ago,  and  the 
site  laid  into  the  churchyard.  In  the  Charity  Commissioners' 
Report,  it  appears  to  be  confounded  with  the  house  built  in 
1610,  pursuant  to  the  will  of  Richard  Fisher,  but  which  last, 
Blomefield  says,  was  down  in  1736.  || 

Besides  that  upon  the  angle-post  of  the  Guildhall,  some 
other  similar  carvings  have  been  suflfered  to  reach  the  present 
times.  One  of  these  will  be  found 
on  the  house  in  the  occupation  of 
Mr.  Charles  Alger,  near  the  an- 
cient site  of  St.  Nicholas  Chapel. 
This  capital  is  in  nearly  perfect 
preservation.  It  is  more  deeply 
and  boldly  carved  than  the  an- 
nexed etching  would  indicate. 
The  subject  on  the  north  side  is 
the  Birth  of  Christ;  that  on  the 

*  Sports  and  Piutimes,  Hone's  edition,  p.  284. 

t  Vol.  I.,  p.  37.  t  Vol.  I.,  pp.  40,  46. 

II  Vol.  I.,  p.  36. 


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east,  I  suppose  to  be 
the  Purification  of  the 
Virgin. 

Another  instance  oc- 
curs on  the  north-west 
comer  of  a  house  in  the 
Market  Place,  occupied 
by  Mr.  E.  E.  Abbott. 


These  desultory  no- 
tices are  offered  to  the 
Society  with  diflGidence, 
and  are  closed  with  the 
hope  that  other  individuals,  far  more  competent  than  the 
writer,  may  be  found  to  collect  and  preserve, .  in  the  spirit 
and  with  the  industry  of  Blomefield,  the  archaeological  re- 
mains of  Bhmefidd^a  ovm  district. 


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EXTRACTS   FROM   A 

MS.  DIAKY  OF  PETER  LE  NEVE,  ESQ. 

fioxxoxi  Iting  of  IKrmB, 

BNTITLBD 

"MEMORANDA   IN   HERALDRY," 

OP  SUCH  ENTEI^  AS  RELATE  TO  THE  COUNTY  OF  NORFOLK. 

OOMMUKICATBD  BT 

GEO.   A.   CARTHEW,  ESQ. 


My  dear  Sirs, 

Classed  with  ^'  other  matters  usually  comprised 
under  the  head  of  Archaeology,"  in  the  Prospectus  of  the 
objects  of  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Archaeological  Society, 
are  "  Descent  and  Oenealogy,^* — a  branch  which  hitherto  has 
not  occupied  much  of  our  attention.  I  am  induced  to  think 
that  the  accompanying  memoranda,  which  it  is  in  my  power 
to  contribute,  are  not  foreign  to  the  subject.  It  may  perhaps 
be  objected,  that  the  period  of  the  events  recorded  is  too 
recent,  and  that  the  events  themselves  are  of  too  trifling  im- 
portance, being  little  more  than  a  chronicle  of  births,  deaths, 
and  marriages :  and  truly.  But  when  I  consider  that  there  is 
scarcely  a  family,  of  any  pretensions  to  antiquity  of  descent, 
connected  with  this  county,  of  which  some  memorial  may 
not  be  found  in  the  following  extracts,  I  hope  the  records 
of  a  Norfolk  Topographical  Society  will  not  be  deemed  an 
improper  place  of  deposit  for  them.  And  to  the  genealogist, 
I  trust  they  will  be  foimd  of  some  interest — it  may  be  of 
utility — for  purposes  of  reference. 

As  it  is  my  intention  to  accompany  these  notes  with  a 
brief  memoir  of  the  industrious  but  eccentric  Herald  by 


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24 

whom  they  were  originally  written,  and  of  the  family  from 
which  he  derived  his  descent,  I  have  now  merely  to  intro- 
duce them  to  our  members,  by  stating  that  the  MSS.  from 
which  they  are  extracted,  appear  to  have  been  the  rough 
notes,  or  journals,  in  which  Peter  Le  Neve  entered  the  mat- 
ter, afterwards  posted  to  his  MS.  Pedigrees,  and  they  contain, 
besides,  many  observations  which  I  believe  have  never  been 
transcribed.  After  his  death,  they  came,  vrith  his  other  pa- 
pers, into  the  hands  of  his  executor,  the  Historian  of  Thet- 
ford,  so  well  known  as  "  Honest  Tom  Martin,"  who  married 
his  widow,  and  who  appears  to  have  had  them  bound.  By 
him  they  were  given  to  my  grandfather,  the  Eev.  Thomas 
Carthew,  F.S.A.,  of  Woodbridge  Abbey  in  Suffolk.  Some 
extracts  of  more  general  interest  have  already  appeared  in 
the  pages  of  the  venerable  Sylvanus  Urban.  Those  sub- 
joined, it  will  be  seen,  are  confined  to  our  own  locality. 

Believe  me. 

Dear  Sirs, 
Yours  very  faithfully, 

Geo.  a.  Carthew. 

East  Dereham,  Dec.  2nd,  1847. 
The  Bey.  Richard  Hart. ) 

Henry  Hairod,  Esq.        ) 


EXTRACTS   FROM   THE   DIARY.* 

1695. 

Barney,  Redham,  dead.      S'  James  Edw^%  High  Sheriff 
Norff.  1695,  hath  Saham.^ 

*  Words  supplied  subsequent  to  the  dates  of  the  original  entries  are 
inclosed  in  brackets  [  ]. 

1  Upon  the  sale  of  the  estates  of  Richard  Bemey,  Esq.  of  Reedham,  Sir 
James  Edwards,  Bart,  became  the  purchaser  of  Reedham,  and  resided  there 
when  he  filled  the  office  of  High  Sheriff.  Saham  Toney  was  part  of  the 
Bemey  possessions,  but  not  included  in  Sir  James  Edwards'  purchase. 


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26 

H£VSNiNOUAM>  Lady  Mary,^  dyed  Sunday  19  Januar.  1695^ 
at  her  house  in  Jermyn  Street :  to  be  buried  at  Ketring- 
ham. — Left  her  estate  in  money  to  her  grand-daur  Carey 
Newton,'  and  her  grd-d'  Hevingham.* — Had  the  Manor 
of  Kettringham,  Norff. — ^Her  trustees,  L**  Leicester,  M' 
Felham,  S'  Henr.  Monson. — Remainder  to  Abigail  He- 
veningham,  except  500  to  L'*  Hunsdon,  500  to  Hen. 
Heveningham.  And  70^^  a  year  estate  to  be  bought  at 
Ketringham  for  an  hospital  there  for  6  poor  widdows 
and  10"  each,  and  10**  for  repairs. — Hath  given  120**  to 
12  poor  widdows,  and  as  much  for  12  boys  of  the  Man- 
nor  of  Ketringham. 

6  February,  1695.  Munday  night  I  saw  Lady  Mary 
Heveningham  lay  in  state  at  her  house  in  Jermyn  Street. 
She  was,  the  5  instant,  carryed  out  of  town  in  state, 
between  12  and  1,  thro'  the  city  towards  Keteringham, 
Norff.  M'  Devenish  saw  y®  procession,  m*  with  penons, 
escocheons,  &c.,  4  banner  rolls ;  tho'  her  husband  was 
attainted,  being  one  of  the  regicides.  Will,  Hevening- 
ham, esq',  and  never  restored. 

Pratt,  S'  Roger's*  lady  remar^  to  Sigismond  Trafford,  of 

Line,  of  Walthamstow — no  child — ^had  one  by 

S'  Roger :  dead.     Lives  at  Ryston,  Norff. 


8  Daughter  and  heir  of  John  Carey,  Baron  of  Hunadon  and  Earl  of 
Dover,  and  second  wife  of  WiUiam  Heveningham.  There  is  a  monument, 
with  the  effigies  of  herself  and  husband,  in  Ketteringham  church.  —  See 
Blomefield,  Y.  94. 

3  The  lady  whose  marriage  to  Edward  Ck>ke,  Esq.  is  mentioned  in  a 
subsequent  extract. 

4  Abigail,  only  daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  William  Heveningham,  the 
eldest  son  and  heir  of  Lady  Mary.  She  inherited  Ketteringham,  which 
she  brought  in  marriage  to  Henry  Heron,  Esq.,  who,  in  1717,  sold  it  to 
Mr.  Atkyns. 

5  Sir  Boger  Pratt,  Knt,  gave  valuable  assistance  to  Sir  Christopher 
Wren  in  rebuilding  London  after  the  great  fire.  His  lady  was  Anne, 
daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Monyns,  Bart.,  of  Kent. 


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1696. 

Coke,  Edward,  Esq',  son, — only  child, — of  Robert  Coke,  of 
Holkham,  NorfF.,  by  Anne  his  wife,  d' of  Thomas  Os- 
borne, Duke  of  Leeds,  was  marryed  *  Thursday,  4  May, 
1696,  to  Cary,  d'  of  John  Newton,  esq'.,  of  Hather, 
Line,  (son  of  S*"  John  Newton,  Bar*)  by  Abigail,  his 
first  wife,  d'  of  WiU.  Heveningham,  esq'.,  of  Hevening- 
ham,  Suff.  and  Keteringham  in  Norf.,  by  Lady  Mary, 
d'  and  sole  heiress  of  John  Carey,  Earle  of  Dover. 

Le  Neve,  James,*^  Comander  of  a  French  Privateer  called 
the  Swallow,  of  S*  Males,  taken  by  Capt°  Rowce,  co- 
mander of  a  Privateer  of  Guamsey,  the  Prosperous. — 
Gazette,  N.  8229  of  October  22*,  1696. 

In  M'  Kingman's  house,  York  Buildings,  a  picture  of  S' 
James  Hobart,  kneeling  before  the  altar,  in  his  coat 
armor  and  surcoat  of  Hobart.  Over  his  head,  O  Jesu 
misericordia  p  crucem  et  passionem.  Over  against  him 
his  lady,  kneeling,  in  a  surcoat  of  Hobart  and  sab.  3 
martlets  arg.®  Over  her  head:  Nobis  p  peccatis  des 
veniam  et  remitionem.  In  the  middle,  bet.  the  2  alters, 
Hobart's  arms  in  a  compartment,  with  a  cressent.  Over 
that,  the  arms  of  England  and  France  q'terly,  and  an 
aulic  crown.  This  picture  was  taken  out  •  of  the  East 
window  of  the  chancell  of  Loddon  church  in  NorflF. 

6  The  issue  of  this  maniage  was  Thomas  Coke,  Baron  LoYel  and  Earl  of 
Leicester  (the  only  Earl  of  that  creation),  and  Mrs.  Roberts,  the  grandmother 
of  the  late  Thomas  William  Coke,  Earl  of  Leicester,  of  Holkham. 

7  This  James  Le  Neve  was  perhaps  one  of  the  same  family  as  our 
Herald,  who  had  followed  the  fortunes  of  King  James;  but  this  is  not 
shown  by  the  accompan3ruig  Pedigree. 

8  The  arms  of  Naunton.  She  was  daughter  of  Peter  Naimton,  of 
Letheringham,  Esq. 

9  Meaning,  I  presume,  copied  from  the  window.  I  have  heard  say,  there 
were  a  few  years  since  three  or  four  copies  of  this  picture  in  existence. 
One,  supposed  to  have  been  taken  from  Walsham  Hall  in  Mendham,  Suffolk, 
a  seat  of  a  branch  of  the  Hobart  family,  was  hanging  at  the  Pye  Inn  in  that 


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[Here  is  a  rude  sketch  of  Loddon  church  and  St.  Olave's 
bridge,  of  both  which  Sir  James  was  the  founder.] 

^^  Orate  p  anima  Jacobi  Hobart^  militis  et  atomati  diii 
Regis  qui  banc  eclesiam  a  prime  fundamento  condidit  in 
tribus  annis  cum  suis  priis  bonis^  anno  Reg.  Regis  Henr. 
septimi  vndecimo." 

1696-7. 
Knights  made  and  unaccounted  to  the  office,  IS  March,  1697. 
[Naming  among  others]  S'  Lambert  Blackwell.^® 
S'  Charles  Turner.^ 

1697. 

Neve,  Captain,  of ,  Ireland,  Parliament-man:  what 

his  father  and  mother's  names  ?  Writt  to  M'  Blount — ^if 
not  descended  from  Firmian,  my  father's  brother,*  son  of 
Firmian  and  Alice  Cory  ?  Parliament-man  for  the  bo- 
rough of  Tulske,  in  the  county  of  Roscomon,  in  Ireland. 
Pari*  began  at  Dublyn  27  Aug.  1695. 

1698. 

Warner,  Lee,  esq',   of  Kensington,  dyed  6  Febr.   1698. 

Dan.  Bedingfeld  for  Certificate. 
Lee  Warner,  esq',  in  Kensington  Square — 2  hatchments, 

both  the  same ;   one  for  him,  one  for  his  lady,  thus : 

parish,  and  was  purchased  by  the  late  Mr.  Copeman,  of  Ajlsham,  for  the 
Cknmtess  of  Backinghamshue,  and  was  exhibited  by  the  Dowager  Lady 
Suffield,  of  Blickling,  in  the  temporary  Museum  formed  during  the  late 
meeting  of  the  Ardueological  Institate  at  Norwich.  There  is  one  also  now 
h#-ngin£r  in  Loddon  church. 
10  Afterwards  created  a  Baronet  of  Sprowston. 

1  Afterwards  created  a  Baronet  of  Warham.  He  was  eldest  son  of 
William  Turner,  of  North  Ehnham,  Attorney  at  Law.  This  date  must 
mean  that  the  fees  on  knighthood  up  to  that  time,  had  not  been  paid  to  the 
office,  as  Sir  Charles  Turner  was  knighted  22nd  Match,  1695-6. 

2  It  is  remarkable  that  so  keen  a  genealogist  as  Peter  Le  Neye  should 
haye  been  ignorant  of  the  descendants  of  his  father's  brother :  whether  he 
ever  obtained  the  information  required  in  this  minute  I  know  not :  it  is  not 
in  my  power  to  supply  it. 


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4  coats;   Lee  6;   a  fess  componee  or  and  azure  bet. 

8  billetts  ar.     2^ Warner  of  Norff.  q'terly  p  bend 

indented  arg.  and  sab.  in  2^  and  4^  q'ter  blew  a  flor  de 
lis  or.  S^^y.  Vert  a  cross  engrailed  arg. ;  the  4***  as  first ; 
impaled  with  Hanipson,  arg.  3  calltrapps  sab.  Crest^  a 
squirrell  sejant  bet.  2  oak  branches  fructed  and  leav^ 
pper.  M*.  the  one  hatchm^  is  false  ;.  for  Warner's  coat 
is  p  bend  engrailed  instead  of  indented.^ 

1699. 

Bedingfeld^  Lady/  dyed  at  Darsham,  Suff.,  Wednesday,  19 
of  July,  1699 :  buried  there,  Saturday  22  following : 
being  96  years  old. 

TowNSEND,  Lady,*^  brought  to  bed  of  a  son,  (Horace,)  on 
Sunday,  IS  August,  1699,  at  their  lodgings  in  York 
Building. 

Payton,  S'  Sewster,  baronet,  killed  M"^  Tho.  King,  son  of 
Tho.  King,  esq',  of  Thirlow,  in  Suff.,  in  a  duell,  in  No- 
vember, 1699,  at  Atilborow,  Norff. 

Fountain,*  Andrew,  junior,  of  Narford,  Com.  Norffolk,  esq', 
knighted  30  December,  at  Hampton  Court,  Midds. 


3  The  third  quatering  is  that  of  Whetenhall,  iirhich  belonged  to  the 
Wazners  of  Besthoipe,  but  has  been  assuzned  by  all  the  fioniliea  of  that 
name.  The  gentleman  whose  death  is  here  recorded,  was  probably  Colonel 
Henry  Lee  Warner,  ancestor  of  the  family  now  seated  at  Walsingham 
Abbey,  by  Dorothy  Howe  his  wife ;  and  the  arms  of  Hampson,  impaled  on 
the  hatchment,  may  be  those  of  a  second  wife.  The  arms  of  Lee,  Warner, 
and  Whetenhall  are  borne  by  this  £unily,  marshalled  in  the  same  order  as 
upon  the  hatchments  ;  but  for  Warner  they  use  per  paie  indented,  and  not 
per  bend,    I  have  neyer  seen  the  bearing  engraUed. 

4  Relict  of  Sir  Thomas  Bedingfeld,  Knt.,  late  one  of  the  Judges  of 
the  Common  Pleas.    She  was  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Charles  Hoskins. 

5  Mary,  daughter  of  Sir  Joseph  Ashe,  Bart.,  and  second  lady  of  the  first 
Viscount.    Horace  was  her  third  son. 

6  Sir  Andrew  Fountaine  was  an  accomplished  scholar  and  antiquary. 
He  was  the  collector  of  the  library,  pictures,  &c.,  at  Narford  Hall. 


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29 


1700. 


Walpolb,''  M'.  mar^  to  Lady  Philips'  grdd' ,  d'  of  Jolin 

Shorter,  esq',  son  and  heir  of  S'  Jo.  Shorter,  ILK  The 
old  Collonell  dead  in  Novemb.  1700,  beginning  of  the 
month. 

Holland,  S'  John,  of  Quidenham,  baronet,  dyed day 

of  January,  1700,®  at  Quidenham.     Buried  there  

day  of His  grandson,  S'  John,  succeeds. 

WooDHOTJSE,  S'  John,  of  Kimberley  Hall.     His  lady's  name 

was  Benson,*  d'  of Benson,  attorney  at  York:  she 

dyed  first  January,  a.d.  1700  :  buried  at  Kimberley. 

1701. 

NoRFF.  Duke  Henry  dyed  suddenly  at  his  house  in  S^ 
James's  Square,  on  Tuesday,  2^  of  Aprill,  1701,  of  a 
lethergy,  in  the  morning:  buried  on  Tuesday  evening, 
the  8  of  the  same  month,  in  the  church  of  Arundell, 
Sussex. 

Serjeant  Neve,  Philip,  married  to daughter  and  co- 
heir of  S'  Nicolas  Stoughton,  29  of  May,  1701.  [She 
dyed  6  October,  1704.] 

Albemarle  )  Joust  Van  Kepell,  Earle  of  Albemarle,  maried 

Earle.  )     in  the  english  Churche  at  the  Hague,  to 

Scravanmore,  daur  and  heir  of  the  Seur  Van  Scraven- 
more,  June,  1701. 


7  This  was  the  great  Btatesmaa,  afterwards  Sir  Bobert  Walpole.  His 
lady's  Chiistian  name  was  Catherine.  By  the  old  Colonel  is  supposed  to  be 
meant  Robert  Walpole,  of  Houghton,  Esq.,  his  father. 

8  A  subsequent  entry  giyes  the  19th  Jan.  1701,  new  style,  as  the  day  of 
his  death :  his  age  98. 

9  Elizabeth,  first  wife  of  Sir  John  Wodehouse,  had  no  issue.  Her  bro- 
ther, Robert  Benson,  was  afterwards  created  Lord  Bingley. 


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30 

Wallis,  Edmund^  of  Fersfeld  in  Norff.     Anne,  his  daughter 

and  coheir,  was  maried  to  Thomas  Frere.^^ 
HoBART,  Lady/  dead  of  consumption,  Aug.  1701. 

nog. 

Catelyn,  S'  Nevill,  of  Karby  Caime,  Norff.,  K*.  dyed 

day  of  July,  1702,  at  his  house  there.     [His  lady  remar. 

to  S'  Charles  Turner,  K*.] 
Lestrangb,  Roger,  Esq'.*      Under  his  picture,   done   by 

White  :  ''  jEtatis  suae  68,  A.  Diii,  1684."     MoUoy  ''  Vos 

non  vobis." 

1703. 

Davy,  Rob*.  Esq'.  Recorder  of  Norwich  and  Member  of 
Pari*  for  the  City,  dyed October,  1708. 

Drury,  Lady,  killed  by  the  storm,  27*^  of  November,  at 
Riddlesworth :  wife  of  S'  Rob*.  D.  of  Riddlesworth, 
Norff.,  Bart.» 

10  Thomas  Frere,  of  Occold,  Suffolk,  citizen  and  skinner  of  London.  He 
was  half-brother  of  Tobias  Frere,  of  Harleston,  a  zealous  Puritan,  and  one 
of  the  members  for  Norfolk  in  Barebone's  Parliament. 

1  Helict  of  Sir  Henry  Hobart  of  Bliokling,  who  was  killed  in  a  duel  by 
Oliver  Le  Neve. 

8  This  must  refer  to  Sir  Roger  Lestrange,  the  well-known  author  and 
translator,  who,  bom  at  Hunstanton,  Dec.  17,  1616,  after  suffering  many 
misfortunes,  and  incurring  various  hazards  of  life,  for  the  sake  of  the  Boyal 
cause  in  the  great  rebellion,  died  on  the  11th  Dec.  1704,  without  leaving 
issue.  Mr.  Thorns,  in  a  note  to  his  Introduction  to  the  "Anecdotes  and 
Traditions "  of  Sir  Nicholas  Lestrange,  published  by  the  Camden  Society, 
says,  that  an  original  portrait  of  Sir  Koger,  by  Elneller,  which  he  believed 
had  never  been  engraved,  was  in  the  possession  of  Bichard  Frankum,  Esq. 
Bobert  White,  however,  was  an  engraver,  and  an  eminent  one  In  his  time, 
particularly  for  his  portraits ;  so  that  the  picture  referred  to  by  Le  Neve  may 
have  been  an  engraving  of  Kneller's  portrait.  Qii.  Is  this  the  same  as  that 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Ewing  in  his  Norfolk  Lists  i 

3  Dame  Elinor,  second  wife  of  Sir  Robert  Dnury,  and  another  lady,  were 
both  killed  in  bed  by  the  fall  of  a  stack  of  chimneys.    See  Blomefield,  who 


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31 

Britifpe,  Charles,  of  Cley,  Norff.,  son  of  Clem*.  Britiffe, 
dyed  November,  1703  :  buried  at  Cley  Tuesday  after. 

1704. 

Brown,  Edward,  Doctor  of  Phisick,  son  and  heir  of  S'  Tho- 
mas Brown,*  of  Norwich,  chosen  President  of  the  Col- 
ledge  of  Phisitians,  in  the  room  of  S'  Thomas  Millington, 
K^  deceased, day  of  January,  170|. 

Brown, ,  wife  of  Dr.  Thomas,*  son  and  heir  of  Edward 

Brown,  D^  of  Phishick,  dyed  26  March,  170| :  buried 
at  Hirst  in  Berks  :  dr.  of Fairfax,  of  Hurst. 

Hare,  Hugh,  son  and  heir  of  Henry,  Baron  of  Coleraine  : 
his  wife  Lydia,  daiir  and  coheir  of  Math.  Carleton,  of 

,  in  Surrey.     She  dyed  day  of  May,  1704, 

and  was  buried  on  Munday,  22  instant,  at  Tottenham, 
Midds. ;  as  was,  some  little  time  before,  Catherine  (she 
died  29  Apr.  1704)  widdowe  of  Hugh  Hare,  of  Docking 
in  Norff.,  esq'.,  daur  of  John  Holt,  of  Salisbury,  Wylts, 
and  was  bur*  on  Thursday,  4  of  May,  1704,  at  Toten- 
ham  aforesaid. 

Lb  Neve,  Jane,  daur  of  S'  John  Knivet,  K*.  of  bath,  2^  wife 
of  Oliver  Le  Neve,  of  Witchingh™,  my  brother,  dyed  19 
June,  1704,  at  Witchingham :  bur**  in  Wych :  chancell. 

Neve,  Serjeant  Philip:  his  2*  wife daughter  of  S' 

Stoughton,  dead  without  issue,  4  day  of  October,  1704. 

re£erB  to  Le  Neye  aa  his  authority.  She  was  daughter  to  Samuel  Harsnet, 
Esq.,  of  Great  Fransham,  and  had  been  pzeviously  wife  to  Wm.  Marsham, 
Esq.,  of  Stratton  Strawless. 

4  Of  the  learned  author  of  ReUgio  Medici  it  would  be  superfluous  to  say 
a  word.  Dr.  Edward  Browne,  his  only  surriving  son,  married  Henrietta 
Susanna,  daughter  of  Dr.  Teme.  Their  son.  Dr.  Thomas  Browne,  married 
his  cousin  Alathea,  youngest  daughter  and  coheir  of  Henry  Fair&x,  of 
Bridlington  in  Yorkshire,  and  Hurst  in  Berks,  by  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir 
Thomas  Browne,  whose  death  is  recorded  in  the  next  extract  A  pedigree 
of  the  famUy,  from  a  MS.  in  the  collections  of  Le  Neye,  is  printed  in 
Wilkin's  edition  of  Browne's  works. 


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82 

Bedingfeild,  Sr  Henry,  Bar^  dyed  at  Oxburgh,  of  the  gout, 
14  of  Sept.  1704. 

Bedingfeild,  Daniell,*  Recorder  of  Lynne,  dyed  14  day  of 
Sept.  1704,  at  Lynne  Regis. 

West  NewtoTiy  |  Stephen  Beaumont,  Rector,  dyed  there,  8^^ 
Norff.  /     of  November,  1705 :  buried  in  that  church 

the  9  of  the  same  month. 

Norff.  D.  1704.  Dec.  7.  The  right  noble  prince  Thomas, 
Duke  of  NorflF.  came  of  age  that  day,  as  M'.  Mawson, 
Chester,  declared  to  us. 

Lestrange,  S'  Roger,  dyed  in  Holbom,  at  his  house,  on 
Munday  night  the  11,  or  Tuesday  morning  the  12,  of 
December,  1704 :  buried  Thursday,  21»*,  at  S*.  Gyles  in 
the  feilds. 

M^.     Sr  Cloudsley  Shovell  sworn  day  of  December, 

1704,  of  the  Councell  to  Prince  George,  Lord  High 
Admirall,  [and  made,  5  January,  rear  Admiral  of  Eng- 
land.] 

1705. 

January  16.  Sr  Cloudsley  Shovel,  reer  Admiral  of  England, 
appoynted  Admirall  and  Comander  in  Cheif  of  her  Ma- 
jesties fleet. 

Jernegan,  John,  son  and  heir  of  S'  Henry  Jemegan,  of 
Costesy  in  NorflT.,  married  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  S' 
Henry  Bedingfeld,  deceased,  about  febr.  1705. 

Haversham,  Lady,  wife  of  John  Thompson,  Baron  Haver- 
sham,  relict  of Windham,  of  Cromer  in  Norff.  and 

daughter  of  Arthur,  Earle  of  Anglesea,*  dyed day 

of  March,  1704-5,  and  buried  at  Haversham  in  Bucks. 

5  He  was  third  son  of  Humphry  Bedingfield,  of  Wighton,  of  the  Oxburgh 
family:  leaving  no  issue,  Christopher  Bedingfield,  of  Wighton,  his  nephew, 
was  his  heir.  The  coinddenee  of  his  death  on  the  same  day  as  the  second 
baronet  of  the  family  is  remarkable.  The  Astleys  are  the  representatiyes  of 
this  branch. 

6  Lady  Frances  Annesley  had  been  fourth  wife  of  John  Windham,  Esq. 


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33 

Kemp,  S'  Eobcrt,  baronet,'^  of  Finchingfeld  or  Spa3ntie8  hall, 

Essex,  married  d'  of  Miller,  of  Oxenheath,  Kent. 

2^ d'  of Kemp  of  Norff.     3.  Eliz.  d'  of  Tho. 

Stewart,  of  Barton  mills ;  remaried  to  Bobt.  King,  of 
Thirlow  in  Essex,  E8q^®     S'  Eob*.  had  by  her  1  son, 

Rob*,  and  one  d' mar.  to  Tebell,  of 

qre.  if  Robert's  widdow  did  not  marry  S'  Tho.  Gardiner 
after. 

Paston,  M'.^ ,  son  of  Robert,  Earle  of  Yarmouth,  dyed 

Wednesday  after  1  of  Aug.  at  3  in  the  morning,  at  his 

house  in  Street,  Albemarle  Ground:  buried  the 

Sunday  following  in  S*.  James'  Church.  His  wife, 
d'  and  coheir  of  Philip  Harbord,  Esq.  of  Besthorp  in 
NorflF.,  survived  him. 

Calthorp,  Xtofer,  son  and  heir  of  S'  Xtofer  Calthorp,  K*. 
of  bath,  of  Barsham  in  NorflF.,  married  to  Hannah  Maria 
de  Grey  at  Darsham,  SuflT.,  21  of  May,  1704,  d'  of  Will. 

de  Grey,  esq',  of  Merton,  in  Norff.  %nd  sister  of de 

Grey,  now  liveing. 

Coke,  Edward,  esq',  and  Cary  Newton,  their  children :  Tho- 
mas, Cary,  d'.,  Anne,^®  Edward,  Robert,  (Mary,  dead.) 

Bacon,  S'  Robert,  primier  baronett  of  England,  dyed  at  his 
house  at  Garboldesham  in  Norff.,  31  of  Jan.  1704-5 : 
buried  at 

Hare,  of  Stow  bardolf,  Norff.,  S'  Ralf :  one  of  his  sisters 
married  to Leigh,  son  of Lee,  of  Staff.^ 

7  Should  have  been  Khiffht. 

8  Elizabeth  Steward,  Sir  Robert's  widow,  had  by  her  second  husband, 
Robert  King,  of  Ghreat  Thurlow  in  Suffolk  (not  Essex),  a  daughter,  Letitia, 
who  married  Sir  Robert  Kemp  of  TJbbeston,  Bart. 

9  This  was  the  Hon.  Robert  Paston,  the  second  son. 

10  From  Anne  Coke,  the  second  daughter  of  this  marriage,  who  became 
the  wife  of  Major  Philip  Roberts,  is  descended  the  present  family  of  Coke  of 
Holkham,  duplicate  Earls  of  Leicester. 

1  Mary,  one  of  the  daughters  of  Sir  Thomas  Hare,  Bart.,  by  her  husband, 
Thomas  Leigh,  was  progcnetrix  of  the  Baronets  (Hare)  of  Stowbardolph,  of 
the  present  creation. 

VOL.  II.  D 


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34 

Bedingfeld,  S'  Rob*,  of  London,  Alderman,  his  2  wifes  : 
1«*  Eliz.  d'  of  Martin  Hervey,  esq',  of  Weston  Flavell, 

Com.  North*ton.     2^.  w.  Anne,  d'  and  coheir  of 

Strode,  of  Newhouse  by  Coventry,  Warr.  !■'  wife  dyed 
Sept.  1688:  buried  at  Ditchingham,  Norflf.^ 

1706. 

WooDHOUSE,  S'  John,  of  Kimberley  in  Norff.,  bart.,  married 

to  his  2^  wife  in 1705,  to  Mary,  daur  of  S'  William 

Fermor,  bar*,  baron  of  Leominster,  by  his  2^  wife,  Cath- 
erine, d'  of  John  Lord  Paulet. 

FowKES,  Martin,  of  Greys  Inne,  barrister  at  lawe,  dyed 
Sunday  morning,  17  febry,  1705 :  buried  at  Hillington, 
NorflF.  about  28  of  the  same  month. 

Howard,  ,  2^  son  of  Henry  Howard,  Earle  of  Suffolk, 

married  to daughter  of  S'  Henry  Hobart,  and  sister 

of  S'  John  Hobart,  bart,  of  Blickling,  Norff.^ 

Berney,  S'  Richard,  of  Kirby  by  Norwich,  dyed  day 

of  May,  1706. 

Drury,  S'  Robert,  mar^  to  M"  Diana  Violett,  August,  1706. 


2  He  ^as  fifth  son  of  John  Bedingfeld,  of  Halesworth  in  Suffolk,  Esq., 
who  was  of  the  Ditchingham  branch.  His  second  wife,  daughter  of  Wm. 
Strode,  was  the  widow  of  a  merchant  named  Renaidson. 

8  Anne  Hobart,  wife  of  the  Hon.  Charles  Howard. 


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*       •  •  - 


•-  •  .•-  :   .- 


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CROWMER  MONTJMBUT.    YARMOUTH   CHURCH. 


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35 


CROWMEK   MONUMENT, 
LETTER  FROM   FRANCIS   WORSHIP,    ESQ. 

TO 

DAWSON  TURNER,  ESQ.,  V.  P. 


Great  Yarmouth,  October,  1847. 

My  dear  Sir, 

In  the  course  of  the  repairs  now  going  on  in  our 
fine  old  Church  many  curious  things  haye  come  to  light.  If 
the  ancient  glories  of  the  edifice  have  passed  away,  and  be 
now  beyond  the  recal  of  imagination,  the  long-hidden  Sedilia 
prove  how  large  was  the  staff  of  priests  in  this  town  at  a 
time  when  the  population  was  not  a  third  of  its  present 
amount.  The  Almeries  and  other  closets  for  the  deposit  of 
sacred  utensils  confirm  the  statements  of  old  topographical 
historians,  that  oiir  Church  abounded  in  chapels  and  altars. 
The  faint  remains  of  a  Fresco-painting  in  one  of  the  Sedilia 
in  tlie  south  aisle  of  the  chancel  display  considerable  ele- 
gance of  design.  Fastolf 's  mutilated  tomb  attests  alike  the 
wealth  of  a  benefactor,  and  the  architectural  genius  of  the 
age  he  lived  in:  while  the  gorgeous  Bosses,  profusely  scat- 
tered over  the  roof  of  the  nave  and  its  aisles,  carry  us  at 
once  to  the  time  of  their  being  placed  there — that  of  the 
best  period  of  Edward  III. — and  among  them  may  be  seen 
the  coats  of  that  monarch,  and  of  all  his  sons  in  their  order 
of  birth,  as  well  as  the  coats  of  Bishop  Spencer  and  of  other 
contemporary  ecclesiastical  and  lay  benefactors — the  last  being 
mingled  with  devices  of  the  most  various  shapes,  either  em- 
blems of  religious  faith  or  the  evidences  of  playful  fancy. 

d2 


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One  recent  discovery  alone  must  ever  be  a  subject  of  per- 
sonal gratification  to  yourself.  At  the  late  annual  meeting 
of  the  Archaeological  Institute,  Professor  Willis  delivered  a 
spirited  lecture  within  the  walls  of  our  Church,  on  its  age 
and  architecture ;  and,  among  the  theories  which  he  was 
compelled  to  have  resort  to,  was  one  that  no  part  of  the  ori- 
ginal edifice  of  Herbert  de  Losinga  now  existed.  Certainly 
the  Professor's  lecture  did  not  come  within  the  limits  of  strict 
criticism ;  for  his  means  of  inspection  had  been  small,  and 
were  of  a  distant  date.  I  must  ever  feel  grateful  for  being 
allowed  to  be  one  of  his  hearers ;  and  I  have  often  wished 
that,  in  the  present  fever-heat  for  Church-restoration,  a  little 
of  his  true  taste  and  genius  could  be  widely  distributed.  But 
to  resume.  The  energy  of  our  friend  and  your  relative, 
Mr.  Gunn,  caused  him  to  examine  the  Tower  with  perse- 
vering care ;  and  from  a  slight  beginning  came  the  gratifying 
detection  of  a  series  of  pure  Norman  Arches,  which  at  once 
established  the  antiquity  of,  at  least,  a  portion  of  the  Church, 
and  carried  it  to  the  time  of  Herbert  de  Losinga,  the  first 
founder. 

Another  discovery  has  recently  been  made,  much  inferior 
to  the  last,  but  still  of  considerable  interest.  It  might  be 
better  for  me  to  call  it  a  restoration ;  but  it  is  both  a  restora- 
tion and  a  discovery ;  and,  as  it  relates  to  the  history  of  our 
town,  and  brings  one  of  our  old  Burgesses  out  of  the  seeming 
oblivion  into  which  he  had  long  fallen,  I  think  I  shall  be 
pardoned  for  acquainting  the  Norfolk  Archaeological  Society, 
through  yourself,  with  what  I  have  made  out  concerning  it. 

Until  very  lately  oiir  Church  was  split  into  three  distinct 
parts,  of  which  the  chancel  and  its  aisles  formed  one — while 
a  division  of  the  nave  and  its  aisles  into  portions  of  unequal 
size  constituted  the  two  others.  These  divisions  were  all 
made  in  the  time  of  the  Parliament;  and,  from  that  period 
to  the  end  of  the  Protectorate,  each  of  them  formed  the  place 
of  assembly  for  a  distinct  congregation.     The  chancel  portion 


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was  entered  by  two  doorways — one  in  the  north  aisle^  and 
the  other  in  the  south.  The  latter  was  of  the  most  common 
kind :  a  portion  of  the  wall  had  been  removed  to  make  it, 
and  there  was  neither  architectural  design  nor  decoration. 
The  northern  doorway  led  into  the  churchyard,  under  a 
canopy  of  considerable  beauty,  having  in  its  centre  a  shield, 
on  which  an  engrailed  chevroriy  wavy  or  und^e,  between  three 
birds  could  be  distinctly  traced.  The  canopy  had  all  the 
appearance  of  being  the  remains  of  a  mural  monument.  If 
so,  its  desecration  or  partial  destruction  must  have  been  ef- 
fected in  the  time  of  the  Parliament,  for  the  sake  of  entrance 
into  the  chancel.  To  support  this  idea,  there  are  on  the 
wooden  posterns  of  the  door,  as  you  come  from  the  church- 
yard, certain  initials,  and  the  town's  arms,  and  the  figures 
1650.  But,  after  all,  nothing  was  known  of  the  history  of 
this  handsome  doorway ;  and  yet  it  had  the  benefit  of  a  faint 
tradition,  and  went  by  the  name  of  ''Crowmer's  Monument." 

The  style  of  this  canopy  and  doorway  is  of  the  latter  part 
of  Henry  the  Seventh's  or  the  beginning  of  the  following 
reign.  But  I  need  not  enter  upon  description,  as  my  sister 
has  been  so  good  as  to  make  an  etching  of  it  as  it  appeared 
from  the  chancel ;  and  she  kindly  permits  me  to  express  a 
hope  that  the  Society  will  consider  the  plate  not  unworthy  of 
their  acceptance. 

I  must  now  take  your  attention  to  an  accidental  disclosure, 
recently  made  in  another  and  a  distant  part  of  the  Church, 
and  which,  as  singularly  as  completely,  not  only  establishes 
the  tradition  I  have  referred  to,  but  enables  our  Church- 
committee  to  restore  the  Crowmer  Monument  to  its  original 
state,  and,  almost  entirely,  with  the  original  materials. 

In  the  north-west  comer  of  the  north  aisle  stood  the 
vestry ;  and  over  the  entrance-door  was  a  stone  tablet,  mark- 
ing the  date  of  its  erection  (1650)  together  with  the  names  of 
the  Bailifis  and  Churchwardens  of  that  time.  This  tablet 
was  an  object  of  general  interest.     Our  town  had  sided  vehe- 


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mently  with  the  Parliament  and  the  two  Protectors ;  and  as 
vehemently  it  hailed  the  Restoration.  History  does  not  allow 
what  is  done  to  be  undone ;  but  the  public  monuments  are 
within  reach  of  a  powerful  majority,  and,  as  Bailiff  William 
Burton  continued  guilty  of  old  opinions,  his  obstinacy  was 
punished  by  the  erasure  of  his  name  from  the  tablet.  The 
end  in  view,  like  many  others  of  equal  wisdom,  foiled  alto- 
gether ;  and  I  believe  I  may  say  that  William  Burton's  name 
is  better  known  for  its  absence  from  the  tablet,  than  are  those 
of  the  others  for  being  there. 

On  the  recent  demolition  of  the  vestry,  and  the  removal  of 
this  stone  inscription  from  the  place  it  had  occupied  for  nearly 
two  centuries,  a  singular  piece  of  sculpture  came  to  light. 
Some  panel-work  was  visible  at  the  ba6k  of  the  tablet;  and, 
on  clearing  away  the  dirt  and  mortar,  two  quatrefoils  appeared 
in  all  their  original  sharpness.  Within  one  of  them  was  a 
shield  bearing  a  chetron  engraUed^  beiwedn  three  birds,  and 
impaling  j9^  chevron^  with  eight  crosses  famine  in  chief,  while 
the  shield  in  the  other  quatrefoil  held  a  merchant's  mark. 

I  am  again  under  obligations  to  my  sister,  whose  zeal  en- 
ables me  to  present  to  the  Society  a  second  plate  she  has 
etched  of,  first,  the  tablet  as  it  stood  over  the  vestry-door, 
and,  next,  the  panel-work  and  shields  just  mentioned. 

There  is  no  trace  of  colours  on  either  the  shield  in  the 
centre  of  the  canopy  or  that  within  the  quatrefoil ;  but,  as 
the  former  differed  from  the  latter  only  in  having  the  engrailed 
chevron  und^e,  or  wavy,  there  was  at  least  much  resemblance 
between  the  two,  and  a  reasonable  ground  for  making  in- 
quiry. 

First,  the  name  of  Crowmer,  and  the  birds  (probably 
crows)  in  both  shields,  appeared  to  support  the  tradition  that 
the  right  title  had  been  given  to  the  monument.  The  date  of 
1650  on  the  postern  of  the  south  chancel  doorway,  and  on 
that  side  of  the  tablet  which  held  the  Bailiffs'  names,  afforded 
fair  presumptive  evidence  both  of  the  time  when  the  tomb 


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TABLETS  PANEL.   CROVTMER  MONUMENT   OT  YARMOTTTH 


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39 

was  desecrated;  and  of  the  use  made  of  part  of  its  materials. 
On  referring  to  good  books  of  heraldry,  the  man*s  coat  on  the 
panel  became  clear  enough,  for  it  appeared  that  the  arms  of 
Crowmer  or  Cromer  of  Kent  (the  name  is  spelt  both  ways) 
are  argent,  a  chevron  engrailed,  between  three  crows,  sable. 
Saving  that  colours  were  wanting,  a  more  complete  identity 
with  a  name  could  not  be  found.  The  wife's  arms  looked 
like  those  of  Wilshire — ^but  upon  that  subject  I  will  add  a 
few  words  presently.  On  measuring  the  length  of  this  panel 
with  the  width  of  the  tomb,  it  appeared  that  one  more  quatre- 
foil  of  the  same  size  would  exactly  supply  all  that  was  needed 
to  restore  the  monument.     So  far,  therefore,  so  good. 

Then,  as  to  the  shield  in  the  canopy.  At  first  there  was 
some  difficulty  about  it ;  but  at  length  it  appeared,  on  search- 
ing at  the  Herald's  College,  that  on  24th  April,  1494,  the 
following  arms  were  granted  and  confirmed  to  ''Robert 
Cromer  of  Yermouthe,  in  the  Counte  of  Norflfolke,  to  hold  to 
him  and  his  posterity,"  viz.  gold,  a  chevron  engrailed,  unded 
silver  and  azure,  betwixt  three  crows  sable,  with,  for  a  crest,  a 
crow  standing  on  a  wreath,  silver.  The  truth  of  the  tradition 
attending  the  monument  was  thus  placed  beyond  a  doubt. 

The  family  of  Crowmer,  or  Cromer,  was  an  old  and  im- 
portant one  in  the  County  of  Kent.  One  of  them.  Sir  Wil- 
liam Crowmer,  was  Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  1423.  *  His 
son  William  married  the  only  daughter  of  Lord  Saye  and 
Sele,  the  Lord  Treasurer,  and  was  SheriflF  of  Kent  in  1460, 
when  the  rebellion  headed  by  Jack  Cade  broke  out.  The 
Sheriff  and  his  father-in-law  were  tried  and  convicted  of 
treason  by  the  rebels,  and  then  executed ;  and  their  heads 
were  cut  off,  and  fixed  on  poles,  and  finally  set  up  on  London 
Bridge,  having  first  been  made  "  to  kiss  one  the  other  at  every 
street-comer."  t     Another  of  the  Cromers  married  a  daughter 

*  Stow'B  Chrcnicte,  p.  619. 

t  Stow's  CAronicfo,  p.  660.  WeeTer* b  Funeral  Mbnwnentatp,  279.  Grafton, 
p.  612.    Shakspeare'B  Henry  VL    Cade  instituted  a  commission  of  Oyer  et 


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of  Sir  John  Guilford,  "  the  Controller  to  the  House  to  King 
Edward  IV."  J  John  Crowmer,  Esq.  and  Jone  his  wife,  lie 
buried  at  Sittingbourne,  under  the  date  1539.  §  The  daughter 
of  Sir  John  Cromer  was  interred  at  Tunstall  in  Kent.  || 
Weever,  in  his  work  on  Funeral  Monuments,  spells  the 
name  Crowmer  or  Cromer  indifferently,  and  on  the  same 
page.  In  one  place,  xinder  the  head  of  the  Diocese  of  Can- 
terbury, he  styles  the  family  as  "  of  prime  and  principal  note 
in  these  parts ;"  *  and  in  another,  as  being  **  of  knightly  de- 
scent, and  of  ample  revenues."  f  How  our  Robert  Crowmer 
came  to  Yarmouth,  there  are  now  no  means  of  ascertaining : 
his  name  does  not  appear  in  our  town  records  before  his  own 
time.  That  he  was  of  this  Kentish  family,  and  had  the 
heraldic  benefits  of  their  pedigree  and  connections,  there  can 
be  little  doubt.  Probably  he  was  a  younger  son,  and  it  might 
be  needful  for  him  to  be  the  maker  of  his  own  fortune.  Per- 
haps he  came  hither  in  the  intercourse  between  this  town  and 
the  Cinque  Ports,  which  in  his  time  was  important  and  inces- 
sant. That  he  was  a  prosperous  man,  his  tomb  bears  ample 
testimony :  that  he  was  a  Surgess  of  great  worth,  is  shown  by 
the  fact  that  he  was  nine  times  Bailiff,  H  viz.  in  1470,  1471, 
1479,  1481,  1482,  1488,  1489,  1490,  and  1497.  He  might 
fairly  regard  himself  as  the  founder  of  a  new  family;  and 
thus  I  am  inclined  to  explain  the  variation  in  the  blazon  of 
his  arms,  while  it  will  be  observed,  that  the  fashion  of  the 
paternal  coat  (which  he  would  seem  to  have  preserved  on  the 


Terminer^  under  which  Lord  Saye  and  Sele  was  tried  at  Guildhall,  and  ex- 
ecuted. Ritson  belieyes  that  the  Sheriff  Crowmer  was  also  tried  under  the 
same  commission;  but  it  seexns  probable  that  he  was  killed  at  Mile-end 
without  trial  the  day  after  Lord  Saye's  execution. 

t  Weever,  p.  236. 

§  Ibid.  p.  279. 

11  Ibid.  p.  279. 

♦  Ibid.  p.  235. 

t  Ibid.  p.  279. 

ir  Swinden's  Hisioiy  of  Yarmouth,  pp.  933,  934,  and  935. 


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quatrefoil  for  the  sake  of  old  family  connexion)  is  strictly 
adhered  to.  In  the  absence  of  dates,  it  becomes  possible  that 
the  canopy  arms  were  granted,  not  only  after  Robert  Crow- 
mer's  marriage,  but  while  he  was  a  widower. 

Now  as  to  the  wife's  arms  impaled  on  the  panel-shield. 
On  referring  again  to  heraldic  books,  the  arms  of  Wilshire 
of  Stone  in  Kent  are  given  as  per  chevron  azure  and  argent^ 
in  chief  eight  crosses  fomUe  or.  Colours,  as  I  have  said, 
are  wanting;  but,  in  their  absence,  words  cannot  describe 
the  coat  in  question  more  correctly  than  these  words  do.  To 
complete  the  description  and  identify  the  whole,  Weever 
gives  the  names  of  certain  persons  buried  in  Yarmouth 
church  for  whose  souls  prayers  were  made,  and  among  them 
appears  ^*  Jone,  the  daughter  of  John  Wilshire,  wife  to 
Robert  Cromer."  * 

The  Wilshires  must  have  been  people  of  much  note  in 
Kent.  I  shall  only  trouble  you  by  stating  that  Sir  John 
Wilshire  was  Controller  of  the  town  and  marches  of  Calais 
in  Henry  the  Seventh's  reign,  and  that  he  was  buried  in  a 
chapel  of  his  own  foundation  within  Stone  Church  in  15^6. 
He  resided  at  Stone  Castle;  and  his  only  daughter  and 
heiress,  Bridget  Wilshire,  married  Sir  Richard  Wingfield, 
K.G.,  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  and  Ambassador 
from  Henry  VIII.  to  Spain,  where  he  died,  f  Failing  all 
family  pedigree,  I  may  venture  to  deem  it  possible  that  Jone 
Crowmer  of  Sittingboume  was  the  only  child  of  our  Robert 
Crowmer  and  Jone  Wilshire  his  wife,  and  that  she  married  a 
Kentish  cousin,  and  so  carried  her  name  back  again  to  the 
county  from  whence  I  consider  both  her  father  and  mother  to 
have  sprung. 

I  regret  extremely  that  no  trace  of  our  Bailiff's  will  is  to 
be  found  either  at  Doctors'  Commons,  or  in  the  Ecclesiastical 
Courts  at  Norwich.     Farther  inquiries  must  be  made.     His 

•  Weever,  p.  863. 
t  Ibid.  p.  334. 


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name  seems  to  have  been  spelt  as  irregularly  as  that  of  his 
family  was.  In  the  grant  of  arms  he  is  called  Cromer,  while 
in  our  Corporation  lists  he  is  always  called  Crowmer. 

And  now,  my  dear  Sir,  my  long  letter  has  come  to  a  close. 
For  the  sake  of  our  antiquarian  friends  living  far  away,  I 
have  thought  right  to  tell  my  story  at  length,  rather  than  to 
tell  it  briefly.  I  have  described  the  confusion  and  uncer- 
tainty in  which  the  subject  first  presented  itself.  I  have 
narrated  the  little  things  which,  step  by  step,  and  one  by  one, 
came  to  light.  The  name  of  Crowmer  disappears  from  our 
Town  Records  after  1497.  In  the  sad  absence  of  every  kind 
of  local  information  respecting  our  Bailiff  and  his  lady,  I  have 
told  all  that  I  could  learn  of  their  families ;  and  I  have  now 
only  to  hope,  that  the  monument  of  Robert  Crowmer  and 
Jone  his  wife  will  be  speedily  restored  in  good  taste,  and  be 
never  desecrated  or  mutilated  more. 

With  an  anxious  hope  that  our  Church  itself  may  be  treated 
as  well  as  this  monument  can  easily  be,  and  that  the  means 
may  not  be  wanting  to  treat  it  as  justly, 

I  remain. 

Ever  truly  yours, 

Francis  Worship. 

To  Dawson  Turner,  Esq. 


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LETTER 

FBOM 

SIR  PHILIP  STAPLETON  TO  OLIYER  CEOMWELL, 

AMD 

JFt^t  UttUx^  (torn  iBlibtx  iSvomtoeU  ftivxBtlt 

m 

COMHUHIOATSD  BY 

DAWSON  TURNER,  ESQ.,  V.  P. 


The  letters,  which  I  have  here  the  pleasure  of  submittmg 
to  the  Norfolk  Archseological  Society,  passed  into  my  hands 
upon  the  purchase  of  the  manuscripts  of  Dr.  Cox  Macro,  which 
included  those  of  our  great  Norfolk  antiquary.  Sir  Henry 
Spelman,  and  of  his  sons.  But  whether  these  letters  formed 
part  of  the  latter  collection,  or  had  been  obtained  by  Dr. 
Macro,  who  was  himself  indefatigable,  from  any  other  quarter, 
is  a  point  that  it  would  be,  most  probably,  now  impossible  to 
ascertain;  nor  could  the  determining  of  it  be  of  any  im- 
portance, further  than  as  it  might  be  supposed  to  tend  to 
establish  their  originality,  of  which  they  bear  too  strong  in- 
ternal evidence  to  leave  room  for  doubt.  None  of  them, 
to  the  best  of  my  knowledge,  have  ever  been  published. 
The  first,  from  Sir  Philip  Stapleton,  was  written  two  days 
after  that  from  Cromwell  to  Mr.  Barnard,  upon  altogether 
a  diflferent  subject,  printed  by  Mr.  Carlyle,  I.  p.  158.  Its 
address  puts  an  end  to  a  doubt,  expressed  by  that  gentle- 
man, how  far  the  subsequent  Lord  Protector  held  the  rank 
of  captain  or  colonel  on  the  23rd  of  January  1642-8.  The 
very  able  editor  states  that  he  finds  him  on  the  14th  of  the 
preceding  September,  in  a  **  List  of  the  Army,  under  the 
command  of  the  Earl  of  Essex,  Lord  General  for  King  and 


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Parliament/'  enumerated  as  "  Captain  in  troop  sixty-seven," 
while  on  the  second  of  the  following  March  his  name  appears 
with  the  higher  grade.  But  it  seems  certain  that  he  was  not 
raised  to  the  latter  till  hard  upon  the  date  last  mentioned. 
He  was  at  the  same  time  Member  for  Cambridge.  Materials 
for  Cromwell's  biography  are  very  scanty  in  1642;  and 
nothing  appears  to  be  left  us  which  may  throw  light,  either 
upon  the  person  said  by  Sir  Philip  Stapleton  to  have  been  sent 
into  Norfolk,  or  upon  the  contents  of  the  letter  of  which  he 
was  the  bearer.  The  Gaudye,  more  particularly  pointed  out  in 
it  as  an  object  of  suspicion,  was,  most  probably,  Framlingham 
Gawdy,  Esq.,  of  West  Herling,  Member  for  Thetford  in  the 
Parliament  of  1640,  and  one  of  those  secluded  by  the  Army 
immediately  before  the  trial  of  the  King.  He  died  in  1654  ; 
and  his  son.  Sir  William  Gawdy,  was  created  a  baronet  nine 
years  afterwards.  By  Benefeild,  I  apprehend  is  to  be  under- 
stood Sir  Henry  Bedingfield,  of  Oxburgh,  Knight,  who,  upon 
the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war,  flew  to  the  Royal  Standard, 
with  his  two  sons,  Thomas  and  Henry,  and  rendered  himself 
conspicuous  for  his  conduct  and  courage,  till  he  was  made 
prisoner  and  committed  to  the  Tower ;  shortly  after  his  release 
from  which  he  died,  Nov.  22,  1656,  at  the  age  of  70.  Of 
Sir  Philip  Stapleton  himself,  we  read  in  Collins'  Baronetagey 
III.  p.  53,  that  he  was  a  younger  branch  of  the  Wighill 
family,  and  purchased  Warter  in  the  Wolds,  in  the  East 
Riding  of  Yorkshire.  The  same  author  goes  on  to  say — "He 
was  one  of  the  five  Members  of  Parliament  whom  the  King 
went  to  the  House  of  Commons  to  demand,  and  was  very 
eminent  for  his  personal  valour.  His  extraordinary  mettle 
and  boldness  of  spirit  may  be  conjectured  by  his  attempt  to 
cope  singly  with  Prince  Rupert ;  but  afterwards,  discerning 
Cromwell's  influence  upon  the  army,  he  so  resolutely  opposed 
their  designs,  that  he  was  one  of  eleven  members  against 
whom  charges  were  exhibited ;  and  my  Lord  Clarendon  men- 
tions them  as  men  of  parts,  interest,  and  signal  courage,  who 


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heartily  abhorred  the  intentions  which  they  discerned  the 
army  to  have.  He  afterwards  went  beyond  sea,  and,  dying  at 
Calais,  in  August,  1647,  was  denied  burial,  upon  imagination 
that  he  was  infected  with  the  plague."  "We  are  further  told 
respectmg  him,  by  Clarendon,  (II.  p.  462,  Oxford,  1807,)  '"He 
was  a  proper  man,  of  a  fair  extraction;  but,  being  a  branch  of 
a  younger  family,  inherited  but  a  moderate  estate,  about  five 
hundred  pounds  a-year,  in  Yorkshire  ;  and,  according  to  the 
custom  of  that  country,  had  spent  much  time  in  those  delights 
which  horses  and  dogs  administer.  Being  returned  to  serve 
in  Parliament,  he  concurred  with  his  neighbours,  Hotham 
and  Cholmondley,  being  much  younger  than  they  and  go- 
verned by  them  in  the  prosecution  of  the  Earl  of  Strafford ; 
and  so  was  easily  received  into  the  company  and  familiarity  of 
that  whole  party  which  took  that  work  to  heart ;  and,  in  a 
short  time,  appeared  a  man  of  vigour  in  body  and  mind,  and 
to  be  rather  without  good  breeding,  than  not  capable  of  it ; 
and  so  he  quickly  outgrew  his  friends  and  countrymen  in  the 
confidence  of  those  who  governed ;  they  looking  upon  him  as 
worth  the  getting  entirely  to  them  and  not  averse  from  being 
gotten,  and  so  joined  him  with  Mr.  Hambden  in  this  their 
first  employment  (and  the  first  that  ever  a  Parliament  had  of 
that  kind)  to  be  initiated  under  so  great  a  master,  whose 
instruction  he  was  very  capable  of." 


ffor  my  noble  freind  Captayne  Oliver   Cromwell 
at  Cambridge  or  else  where^ 

these. 
Worthy  S', 

There  is  one  gonne  into  Norfolke,  described  to 
you  in  this  inclosed  paper.  He  carries  a  letter  thither  from 
Oxford,  to  encourage  the  Papists,  generally,  to  take  up  armes. 
It  would  be  of  greate  advantage  to  us,  if  wee  could  take 
this  man  and  his  letter.     He  is  to  goe  through  Cambridge, 


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where  we  hope  you  may  have  him ;  but,  if  he  be  gonne 
into  Norfolke,  you  axe  desired  to  use  what  meanes  you  can 
that  the  good  partye  in  that  Countye  doe  seaze  upon  Gaudye 
and  Benefeild,  upon  this  just  ground,  that  they  intend  to 
take  armes :  they  may  be  likewise  searched  for  this  letter, 
which  we  would  gladly  have.  S',  I  have  a  particular 

suite  to  you  for  myselfe.  I  have  lost  one  of  my  horses 
lately.  If,  amongst  the  horses  you  take  up  for  this  service, 
you  light  upon  any  large,  strong,  stond  horse,  that  is  nimble 
and  full  of  mettall,  I  entreate  you  will  send  him  to  me.  I 
shall  be  ready  to  pay  what  you  please  for  him,  and  shall 
putt  this  courtesy  upon  the  account  with  those  many  other 
I  have  received  from  you.  I  pray  God  for  a  prosperous 
successe  upon  all  your  employments,  restinge. 

Your  most  faithfuU 
Windsor,  Jan.  25**»  freiend  and  servant, 

1642.  Ph:  Stapilton. 

Indorsed,— '' K  lett'  ffrom  S*"  Philip  Stapleton  to  Capt° 
Cromwell." 


So  carefully  has  the  name  been  erased  from  the  address  to 
the  subjoined  letter,  that  it  is  impossible  to  offer  even  a  conjec- 
ture on  the  subject.  Considered  conjointly  with  the  following, 
and  with  a  third,  published  by  Mr.  Carlyle,  I.,  p.  182,  and 
also  dated  from  Huntingdon,  July  31,  the  reader  is  put  into 
full  details  of  the  memorable  exploit,  whereby  Gainsborough 
was  relieved,  though  ineffectually,  and  *^  Colonel  Cromwell, 
in  giving  assistance  to  the  Lord  Willoughby,  and  performing 
gallant  service  against  the  Earl  of  Newcastle's  forces,  made  a 
beginning  of  his  great  fortune,  and  now  began  to  appear  in 
the  world."     The  interest  of  the  three  letters  is  increased  by 


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their  being  all  addressed  to  different  persons.  Mr.  Carlyle's 
is  written  to  the  Committee  of  the  Association  sitting  at 
Cambridge. 

To  my  noble  friend  8^  John    *****,  Knight 
and  Baronett^  ment  these, 

S', 

The  perticidar  respects  I  have  receaved  att 
your  hands  doe  much  oblige  me,  but  the  great  affection  you 
beare  to  the  publike  much  more  :  for  that  cause^  I  am  bould 
to  acquaint  you  with  some  late  passages  wherein  it  hath 
pleased  God  to  favor  us,  w^**,  I  am  assured,  wilbee  welcome 
to  you.  After  Burlye  house  was  taken,  wee  went  towards 
Gaynsbrowe,  to  a  generall  rendevouze,  where  mett  us  Lin- 
colnesheire  troopes,  soe  that  we  were  nineteene  or  twentye 
troopes,  when  wee  were  together,  of  horse,  and  about  three  or 
foure  troupes  of  dragooners :  wee  marched  with  this  force  to 
Gainsbrowe :  upon  firyday  morninge,  being  the  28th  day  of 
July,  wee  mett  with  a  forlome  hope  of  y®  enimie,  and  w***  our 
men  brak  it  in :  wee  marched  onn  to  the  townes  end,  the 
enimie  beinge  upon  the  top  of  a  very  steepe  hill  over  our 
heads,  some  of  our  men  attemted  to  march  up  that  hill :  the 
enimie  oposed :  our  men  drove  them  up,  and  forced  their 
passage :  by  that  tyme  wee  came  up,  wee  saw  the  enimie  well 
sett  in  two  bodyes ;  the  former  a  large  fayre  body,  the  other  a 
reserve,  consisting  of  six  or  seaven  brave  troopes :  before  wee 
could  gett  our  force  into  order,  the  great  body  of  the  enimie 
advanced :  they  were  w***  in  muskett  shott  of  us  when  wee 
came  to  the  pitch  of  y*  hill :  wee  advanced  likewise  towards 
them;  and  both  charged,  each  upon  other:  thus  advancinge, 
wee  came  to  pistoll  and  sword's  point  both  in  that  dosse  order, 
that  it  was  disputed  very  strongly  whoe  should  breake  the 
other ;  but,  o\ir  men  pressinge  a  little  heavilye  upon  them, 
they  begun  to  give  backe,  w*^^  our  men  perceavinge,  instantly 


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forced  them,  brake  that  whole  body;  some  of  them  flyinge  on 
this  side,  some  on  the  other  side  of  the  reserve :  our  men 
pursuinge  them  in  great  disorder  had  the  execution  about  4 
or,  some  say,  6  miles  with  much  a  doe:  this  donn,  and  all 
their  force  beinge  goun,  not  one  man  standinge,  but  all  beaten 
out  of  the  field,  wee  drew  up  our  body  together,  and  kept 
the  field  ;  the  half  of  our  men  beinge  well  wome  in  the  chase 
of  the  enimie.  Upon  this  wee  indeavored  the  businesse  wee 
came  for,  which  was  the  releife  of  the  towne  w^**  ammunition: 
wee  sent  in  some  powder,  which  was  the  great  want  of  y^ 
towne ;  W^^  doun,  word  was  brought  us  that  the  enimie  had 
about  6  troupes  of  horse  and  300  foote  a  little  onn  the  other 
side  of  the  towne  :  upon  this  we  drew  some  musketteers  out 
of  the  towne,  and  with  our  body  of  horse  marched  towards 
them  :  wee  saw  two  troupes  towards  the  mill,  w***  my  men 
drove  downe  into  a  little  village  att  the  bottom  of  the  hill : 
when  wee  came  w*^  our  horse  to  the  top  of  that  hill,  wee  sawe, 
in  the  bottom,  a  whole  regiment  of  foote,  after  that,  another 
and  another  ;  and,  as  some  counted,  about  50  colours  of  foote, 
w***  a  great  body  of  horse,  w*^^*  indeed  was  my  Lord  Newcastle's 
Armie,  w***  which  hee  now  beseiges  Gainsbrowe.  My  Lord 
Willoghby  com'anded  mee  to  bringe  off  the  foote  and  horse, 
w*^**  I  endeavoured ;  but  the  foote  (the  enimie  pressinge  onn 
w***  the  armie)  retreated  in  some  disorder  into  the  towne, 
beinge  of  that  garrison :  our  horse,  also  beinge  wearied,  and 
unexpectedly  pressed  by  this  new  force,  soe  great,  gave  ofi^, 
not  beinge  able  to  brave  the  charge;  but  w^^  some  difficulty  wee 
gott  our  horse  into  a  body,  and  w^**  them  faced  the  enimie,  and 
retraited  in  such  order,  that,  though  the  enimie  followed  hard, 
yett  they  were  not  able  to  disorder  us,  but  wee  gott  them  off 
safe  to  Lincolne  from  this  fresh  force,  and  lost  not  one  man  : 
the  honor  of  this  retraite,  sequal  to  any  of  late  tymes,  is  due  to 
Maior  "Whalye  and  Captaine  Ascough,  next  under  God :  this 
relation  I  ofier  you  for  the  honor  of  God,  to  whome  be  all  the 
praise;  as  also  to  lett  you  know  you   have  some   servants 


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faythfuU  to  you^  to  incite  to  action.  I  beseech  you^  lett  this 
good  successe  quicken  your  ciintainien*  to  this  ingagement : 
its  great  evidence  of  God's  favor  :  lett  not  yonr  businesse  be 
starved.  I  know  if  all  bee  of  your  minde  we  shall  have  an 
honorable  return :  its  your  owne  businesse  :  a  reasonable 
strength;  now  raised  speedilie^  may  doe  that  w*^^  much  more 
will  not  doe  after  sometime.  Undoubtedly,  if  they  succeed 
heere,  you  will  see  them  in  the  bowells  of  your  Association. 
For  the  tyme,  you  will  have  itt  from  your  noble  kinesman 
and  Colonell  Falgrave :  if  wee  bee  not  able  in  ten  days  to 
releive  Gainsbrowe,  a  noble  Lord  wilbe  lost,  many  good  foote, 
and  a  considerable  passe  over  trent  into  theise  parts:  the  Lord 
prosper  your  indeavors  and  ours.  I  beseech  you  psent  my 
humble  service  to  the  High  hon**^®  Lady.     S',  I  am 


^<MA^      j^lJ^ftJt^ 


July  80*^  1648. 

P.  S. — I  stayed  two  of  my  owne  troupes,  and  my  maior 
stayed  his,  in  all  three:  there  were  in  the  front  of  the  enimies 
reserve  three  or  four  of  the  Lincolne  troupes  yett  unbroken  : 
the  enimie  charged  those  troupes,  utterly  broake  and  chased 
them  \  soe  that  none  of  the  troupes  on  our  part  stood  but  my 
three:  whilst  the  enimie  was  foUowinge  our  fljringe  troupes,  I 
charged  him  on  the  reere  with  my  three  troupes,  drove  him 
downe  the  hill,  brake  him  all  to  peices,  forced  Leiuetenant 
General  Cavendish  into  a  bogg,  whoe  fought  in  this  reserve : 

*  Ita.  oontinuinff, 
VOL.  II.  K 


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one  officer  cutt  him  on  the  head ;  and^  as  hee  lay^  my  Cap^ 
Leiuetennant  Berry  thrust  him  into  the  short  ribbs,  of  w^^ 
hee  dyed  about  two  hours  after  in  Gainsbrowe. 


Looking  in  order  to  the  "  four  noble  friends"  to  whom  the 
ensuing  letter  is  addressed,  I  must  commence  with  stating, 
that  I  have  found  nothing  farther  recorded  of  Sir  Edmund 
Bacon,  than  that  he  was  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  Nicholas,  the 
first  baronet,  and  succeeded  him  in  his  honors,  and  died  1649. 
The  part  he  took  in  the  civU  wars  I  nowhere  see  mentioned. 
Sir  William  Springe,  of  Pakenham,  Suffi)lk,  was  created 
Baronet  by  Charles  I.  in  1641,  only  two  years  antecedently  to 
the  writing  of  this  letter,  from  which  it  cannot  but  be  inferred 
that  he  had  ceased  to  be  of  the  Royal  party.  And  yet  the 
same  sovereign  had  previously  conferred  upon  him  the  honor 
of  knighthood.  He  was,  though  not  of  Norfolk  himself,  a 
man  closely  connected  with  our  county,  having  married  the 
daughter  of  Sir  Hamond  L*Estrange,  of  Hunstanton,  by 
whom  he  had  two  daughters  ;  one,  the  wife  of  John  Palgrave, 
Esq.,  particularly  mentioned  in  the  foregoing  letter ;  the 
other,  of  Sir  Christopher  Calthorpe,  of  East  Barsham,  K.B. 
A  farther  tie  to  Norfolk  was  afforded  by  three  of  his  sisters, 
whose  respective  husbands  were  Sir  Thos.  Gaudy,  of  Gaudy 
Hall,  Knight ;  James  Hobart,  of  Langley,  Esq. ;  and  John 
Sidley,  of  Morley,  Esq.  Sir  Thomas  Barnardiston  was  of 
Cetton,  Suffolk,  where  the  family,  an  old  and  distinguished 
one,  had  long  resided.  He  succeeded  a  father,  grandfather, 
and  great-grandfather,  all  of  the  same  name  and  all  knights ; 
and  he  was  himself  succeeded  by  the  more  eminent  Sir  Na- 
thaniel, who  was  five  times  Knight  of  the  Shire  for  Suffolk, 
and  once  for  Sudbury.     I  have  nothing  to  report  of  him  per- 


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sonally ;  nor  of  Mr.  Maurice  Barrow,  save  that  the  latter  re- 
presented the  borough  of  Eye  in  the  parliament  of  1640, 
and  was  one  of  the  Members  excluded  by  the  army  in  1648. 
This  letter  is  of  even  greater  interest  than  either  of  the  other 
two  of  the  same  date  and  subject;  so  clear  are  its  details,  so 
graphic  its  style,  and  so  strong  the  light  it  throws  on  the  cha- 
racter of  the  writer. 


To  my  noble  friends  8''  Edmon  Bacon^  JBT'  and 
Barron  t,  8''  Wilt^  Springe^  Enight  and  Baronett, 
8''  Thomas  Bemardiston^  -BG/,  and  Maurice  Bar- 
rowe^  Esq.y  p^ent  theise. 

Gentlemen, 

Noe  man  desires  more  to  present 
you  with  incoragment  then  my  selfe,  because  of  the  forward- 
nesse  I  finde  in  you  (to  your  honor  bee  it  spoken)  to  promote 
this  great  cause ;  and  truly  God  foUowes  you  w**^  incorag- 
ments,  whoe  is  the  God  of  blessings ;  and  I  beseech  you  lett 
him  not  loose  his  blessings  upon  us :  they  come  in  season,  and 
with  all  the  advantages  of  hartninge.  As  if  God  should  say, 
"  Up  and  be  doeinge,  and  I  will  helpe  you,  and  stand  by 
you :"  there  is  nothinge  to  bee  feared,  but  our  owne  sinn  and 
sloath. 

It  hath  pleased  the  Lord  to  give  your  servant  and  souldiers 
a  notable  victorie  now  att  Gainsbrowe.  I  marched  after  the 
takinge  of  Burlye  house  upon  Wedensday  to  Grantham, 
where  mett  mee  about  SOO  horse  and  dragoones  of  Noting- 
ham :  with  theise  by  agreement  with  the  Linconers  wee  mett 
att  North  Scarle,  w*^*^  is  about  teen  miles  from  Gainsbrowe, 
upon  Thursday  in  the  eveninge,  where  wee  tarried  untill  two 
of  the  clocke  in  the  mominge,  and  then,  with  our  whole  body, 
advanced  towards  Gainsbrowe.  About  a  mile  and  halfe  from 
y®  towne  wee  mett  a  forlorne  hope  of  y®  enimie  of  neere  100 

b2 


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horse :  our  dragoones  laboured  to  beate  them  backe ;  but^ 
not  alightinge  off  their  horses^  the  enimie  charged  them^  and 
beate  some  4  or  five  of  them  off  their  horses :  our  horse 
charged  them^  and  made  them  retyre  unto  their  maine  body : 
wee  advanced  and  came  to  the  bottom  of  a  steepe  hiU^  upon 
w*^^  the  enimie  stood :  wee  could  not  well  gett  up  but  by 
some  tracts^  w*'^  our  men  assayinge  to  doe,  a  body  of  the 
enimie  indeavoured  to  hinder,  wherein  wee  prevailed  and 
gott  the  top  of  the  hill :  this  was  doun  by  the  Linconers, 
whoe  had  the  vantguard :  when  wee  all  recovered  the  top  of 
the  hill,  wee  saw  a  great  body  of  the  enimies  horse  facinge  of 
us  att  about  muskitt  shott  or  lesse  distance,  and  a'  good  re- 
serve of  a  full  regiment  of  horse  behinde  itt :  wee  indea- 
voiured  to  putt  our  men  into  as  good  order  as  wee  could ;  the 
enemie  in  the  meane  tyme  advanccing  towards  us  to  take  us 
att  disadvantage.  But  in  such  order  as  wee  were,  wee  charged 
their  great  body ;  I  havinge  the  right  wiuge  :  wee  came  up 
horse  to  horse,  where  wee  disputed  itt  with  our  swords  and 
pistoles  a  pretty  tyme ;  all  keepinge  close  order,  soe  that  one 
could  not  breake  the  other  :  att  last,  they  a  little  shrinkinge, 
our  men  perceaving  itt,  pressed  inn  upon  them,  and  imediately 
routed  this  whole  body ;  some  flyinge  on  one  side,  others  on 
the  other  of  the  enimies  reserve ;  and  our  men  pursuinge 
them  had  chase  and  execution  about  5  or  6  miles.  I,  per- 
ceavinge  this  body  w°**  was  the  reserve  standinge  still  un- 
broken, kept  backe  my  maior  Whaley  from  the  chase,  and 
with  my  owne  troupe  and  one  other  of  my  regiment,  in  all 
beinge  3  troupes,  wee  gott  into  a  body.  In  this  reserve  stood 
Generall  Cavendish,  whoe  one  while  faced  mee,  another 
while  faced  4  of  the  Lincolne  troupes,  w^^  were  all  of  ours 
that  stood  upon  the  place,  the  rest  beinge  ingaged  in  the 
chase :  att  last  the  Generall  charged  the  Linconers,  and 
routed  them.  I  imediately  fell  on  his  reere  with  my  three 
troupes,  w^^  did  soe  astonish  him,  that  hee  gave  over  the 
chase,  and  would  fayne  have  delivered  himselfe  from  mee : 


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but  I,  pressiDge  onn,  forced  them  downe  a  hill,  havinge  good 
execution  of  them,  and  belowe  the  hill  drove  the  generall 
w***  some  of  his  souldiers  into  a  quagmire,  where  my  Cap* 
Leuietenant  slew  him  with  a  thrust  under  his  short  ribbs :  the 
rest  of  the  body  was  wholly  routed,  not  one  man  stayinge 
upon  the  place.  Wee  then,  after  this  defeat,  w°^  was  soe  totall, 
relieved  the  towne  w^  such  powder  and  provisions  as  wee 
brought,  w*^^  donn,  wee  had  notice  that  there  were  6  troupes 
of  horse  and  300  foote  on  the  other  side  of  the  towne,  about 
a  mile  off  us :  we  desired  some  foote  of  my  Lord  Willoghby, 
about  400,  and  with  our  horse,  and  theise  foote,  marched 
towards  them :  when  wee  came  towards  the  place  where 
theire  horse  stood,  wee  beate  backe  with  my  troupes  about 
2  or  3  troupes  of  the  enimie,  whoe  retyred  into  a  small  village 
att  the  bottom  of  the  hill.  When  wee  recovered  the  hill  wee 
sawe  in  the  bottom,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  us,  a  regi- 
ment of  foote;  after  that,  another;  after  that  Newcastle's  owne 
regiment,  consistinge  in  all  of  about  50  foote  colours,  and  a 
great  body  of  horse,  w*'^  indeed  was  Newcastle's  armie,  w''** 
cominge  soe  unexpectedlye  putt  us  to  new  consultations :  my 
Lord  Willoghby  and  I,  beinge  in  the  towne,  agreed  to  call 
off  our  foote :  I  went  to  bringe  them  off,  but  before  I  re- 
turned diverse  of  the  foote  were  engaged:  the  enimie  ad- 
vancinge  with  his  whole  body,  our  foote  retraited  in  some 
disorder,  and  with  some  losse  gott  the  towne,  where  now  they 
are.  Our  horse  also  came  off  w*^  some  trouble,  beinge  wearied 
w*^  this  longe  fight  and  theire  horses  tyred,  yett  faced  the 
enimies  fresh  horses,  and  by  severall  removes  gott  off,  without 
the  losse  of  one  man ;  the  enimie  foUowinge  in  the  reere  with 
a  great  body.  The  honor  of  this  retrait  is  due  to  God,  as 
alsoe  all  the  rest :  maior  Whaley  did  in  this  carry  himselfe 
with  all  gallantrie  becominge  a  gentleman  and  a  Christian. 
Thus  have  you  this  new  relation,  as  short  as  I  could :  what 
you  are  to  doe  upon  it  is  next  to  bee  considered.  If  I  could 
speake  words  to  peirce  your  harts  with  the  sense  of  our  and 


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your  condition  I  would ;  if  you  will  raise  2000  foote,  att  the 
present,  to  encounter  this  armie  of  Newcastle's,  to  raise  the 
seige,  and  to  inable  us  to  fight  him,  wee  doubt  not  by  the 
grace  of  God  but  that  wee  shalbe  able  to  releive  the  town, 
and  beate  the  enemie  on  the  other  side  Trent :  whereas,  if 
somewhat  bee  not  donn  in  this,  you  will  see  Newcastle's 
armie  march  up  into  your  bowells ;  beinge  now,  as  it  is,  on 
this  side  Trent.  I  know  it  will  be  difficult  to  raise  thus  many 
in  soe  short  tyme ;  but  let  mee  assure  you  its  necessarie,  and 
therfore  to  bee  donn :  att  least,  doe  what  you  may,  with  aU 
possible  expedition :  I  would  I  had  the  happiness  to  speake 
w***  one  of  you :  truly  I  cannott  come  over,  but  must  attend 
my  charge :  our  enimie  is  vigilant :  the  Lord  direct  you  what 
to  doe. 

Gendemen,  I  am. 

Your  faythfull  servant, 

Oliver  Cromwell. 

July  81,  1643. 

Huntingdon. 

P.  S, — Give  this  gentleman  credence ;  hee  is  worthy  to  bee 
trusted ;  hee  knowes  the  urgency  of  our  affaires  better  than 
myselfe :  if  hee  give  you  intelligence  in  point  of  tyme  of 
hast  to  be  made,  believe  him  :  hee  will  advise  for  your  good* 


It  will  be  observed  that,  in  the  subjoined  and  following  let- 
ter, Cromwell  only  addresses  Sir  W.  Springe  and  Mr.  Barrowe. 
His  reasons  for  so  doing  must,  perhaps,  always  remain  in 
obscurity.  There  can  be  littie  doubt  but  that  these  gende- 
men were  a  committee,  or  a  part  of  a  committee,  of  some  kind 
or  other;  but  when  or  where,  with  what  object,  and  with  what 
powers,  no  books  that  I  have  access  to  in  so  out-of-the-way  a 


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place  as  Yarmouth  enable  me  to  say.  It  is  extremely  to  be 
regretted  that  the  writers  who  profess  to  furnish  us  with  lists 
of  the  high  offices  and  officers  of  state^  usually  pass  over  the 
time  of  the  Commonwealth^  where  information  is  peculiarly 
needed^  sub  silentio;  as  do  the  churchwardens  and  clergy 
in  their  town>books  and  parish-registers^  apparently  fearing 
lest  their  loyalty  to  Church  and  State,  or,  in  plain  English,  to 
Episcopacy  and  Monarchy,  should  otherwise  be  called  in 
question.  E-ushworth  is  very  brief  in  his  account  of  what 
was  passing  in  the  Eastern  Counties  at  this  period,  except  as 
regards  the  sieges  of  Hull  and  Lynn ;  and  Mr.  Carlyle,  after 
a  short  letter  of  Cromwell's,  dated  from  Boston,  Sep.  11, 1643, 
has  met  with  no  other  till  Jan.  10, 1643-4.  The  latter,  which 
consists  of  but  a  few  lines,  is  written  at  Ely,  and  addressed  to 
a  clergyman  there,  desiring  him  to  discontinue  the  choir- 
service,  "  as  unedifying  and  offensive,"  and  advising  him  to 
read  and  expound  the  Scriptures  to  the  people,  and  to  make 
his  sermons  more  frequent.  It  touches  on  no  other  topic 
whatever.  The  following  letter  is  therefore  the  more  inter- 
esting. It  is  the  only  account  we  have  of  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax's 
escape  from  Hull;  and  it  brings  down  the  narrative  of  events, 
under  Cromwell's  own  hand,  to  within  a  fortnight  of  the 
Winceby  fight.  What  he  says  regarding  the  seizing  of  horses 
I  am  not  aware  is  to  be  found  elsewhere. 


To  his  honoured  friends  8""  Will^  Springe  Sf  M'' 

Barrow^ 

these  prsent 

Gentlemen, 

It  hath  pleased  God  to  bring  of  S'^  Thomas 
ffairfax  his  horse  over  the  river  from  Hull,  being  about  one 
and  twenty  troopes  of  horse  and  dragoones :  the  Lincolneshire 
horse  laboured  to  hinder  this  worke,  being  about  thirty  foure 
coullours  of  horse  and  dragoones :  we  marched  up  to  their 


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landing  place^  and  the  Lincolneshire  horse  retreated :  after 
they  were  come  over,  we  all  marched  towards  Holland ;  and 
when  we  came  to  o'^  last  quarter  upon  the  edge  of  Holland, 
the  enemy  quartered  w^^in  foure  miles  of  us,  and  kept  the 
field  all  night  with  his  whole  body :  his  intendment,  as  we 
conceive,  was  to  fight  us,  or  hopeing  to  interpose  betwixt  us 
and  our  retreate;  haveing  received  to  his  34  coulours  of  horse 
twenty  fresh  troopes,  ten  companies  of  *  *  *  and  about  a 
thousand  foote,  being  Generall  King's  own  regiment.  W^ 
these  he  attempted  our  guards  and  our  quarters,  and,  if  God 
had  not  beene  mercifiill,  had  ruined  us  before  we  had  knowne 
of  it,  the  five  troopes  we  set  to  keepe  the  watch  faileing  much 
of  their  duty:  but  we  got  to  horse  and  retreated  in  good  order 
w*^  the  safety  of  all  o'*  horse  of  the  Association,  not  looseing 
foure  of  them  that  I  heare  of,  and  we  got  five  of  theirs ;  and 
for  this  we  are  exceedingly  bound  to  the  goodnes  of  God, 
who  brought  o*^  troopes  of  w*^  soe  little  losse.  I  write  unto 
you  to  acquaint  you  w***  this;  the  rather  that  God  may  be 
acknowledged,  and  that  you  may  help  forward  in  sending 
such  force  away  unto  us  as  lye  unprofittably  in  yo'  countrey, 
and  especially  that  troope  of  Cap*  Margerie's,  w*'^  surely 
would  not  be  wantinge  now  we  soe  much  neede  it :  the 
enemy  may  teach  us  that  wisedome,  who  is  not  wanting  to 
himselfe  in  makeing  up  his  best  strength  for  the  accomplishm* 
of  his  designes.  I  heare  there  hath  beene  much  exception 
taken  to  Cap*  Margery  and  his  officers  for  taking  of  horses.  I 
am  sorry  you  should  discountenaunce  those,  who  (not  to  make 
benefitt  to  themselves  but  to  serve  their  countrey)  are  willing 
to  venture  their  lives  and  to  purchase  to  themselves  the  dis- 
pleasure of  bad  men  that  they  may  doe  a  publique  benefitt. 
I  undertake  not  to  justify  all  Captaine  Margerie's  actions;  but 
his  owne  conscience  knowes  whether  he  hath  taken  the  horses 
of  any  but  malignants  ;  and  it  were  somewhat  too  hard  to  put 
it  upon  the  consciences  of  y°'  fellow  deputy-lieftnnts  whether 
they  have  not  freed  the  horses  of  knowne  malignants,  a  fault 


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not  lesse,  considering  the  sad  estate  of  this  kingdome^  then  to 
take  a  horse  from  a  knowne  honest  man ;  the  offence'^being 
against  the  publique,  w*'^  is  a  considerable  aggravation.  I 
know  not  the  measure  every  one  takes  of  malignant^.  I 
thinke  it  is  not  fitt  Cap^  Margery  should  be  the  judge ;  but 
if  he  in  this  takeing  of  horses  hath  observed  the  plain  cha- 
racter of  a  malignant^  and  cannot  be  charged  for  one  horse 
otherwise  taken^  it  had  been  better  that  some  of  the  bittemes 
wherewith  he  and  his  have  been  followed  had  been  spared. 
The  horses  that  his  coronett^  Boallry^  tooke^  he  will  put  him- 
selfe  upon  that  issue  for  them  all :  if  these  men  be  accounted 
troublesome  to  the  countrey,  I  shalbe  glad  you  would  send 
them  all  to  me.  He  bid  them  welcome,  and,  when  they  have 
fought  for  you,  and  indured  some  other  difficulties  of  warre 
^ch  yQt  honester  men  will  hardly  beare,  I  prayou  then  let 
them  goe  for  honest  men.  I  pteste  unto  you  many  of  those 
men  w"**  are  of  yo'  countrey*s  chooseinge  under  Cap*  Johnson, 
are  so  farre  from  serving  you,  that,  were  it  not  that  I  have 
honest  troopes  to  maister  them,  although  they  be  well  payd, 
yet  they  are  soe  mutinous  that  I  may  justly  feare  they  would 
cut  my  throate.  Gentlemen,  it  may  be  it  provokes  some 
spiritts  to  see  such  plaine  men  made  captaines  of  horse :  it 
had  beene  well  that  men  of  honour  and  birth  had  entred  into 
those  imployments,  but  why  doe  they  not  appeare?  who 
would  have  hindered  them  ?  but,  seeing  it  was  necessary  the 
worke  must  goe  on,  better  plaine  men  then  none ;  but  best  to 
have  men  patient  of  wants,  faithfull,  and  conscientious  in  the 
imploym*;  and  such  I  hope  these  will  approve  themselves  to 
be.  Let  them  therefore,  if  I  be  thought  worthy  of  any 
favoure,  leave  yo^  countrey  with  yo'  good  wishes  and  a 
blessing.  I  am  confident  they  wilbe  well  bestowed;  and  I 
believe  before  it  be  longe  you  wilbe  in  their  debte ;  and  then 
it  will  not  be  hard  to  quit  scores.  What  armes  you  can 
furnish  them  w*^all,  I  beseech  you  doe  it.  I  have  hitherto 
found  yo'  kindnes  great  to  me.   I  know  not  what  I  have  done 


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to  loose  it.  I  love  it  soe  well^  and  price  it  soe  highe^  that  I 
woulit  doe  my  best  to  gain  more:  you  have  the  assured 
affection  of 

To'  most  humble  &  faithfuU  servant^ 

Oliver  Cromwell. 
28"^  Sept.  1643. 

P.S. — I  understood  there  were  some  exceptions  taken  at  a 
horse  that  was  sent  to  me,  w*'*'  was  ceized  out  of  the  hands  of 
one  Mr.  Goldsmith  of  Wilby :  if  he  be  not  by  you  judged 
a  malignant,  and  that  you  doe  not  approve  of  my  haveing  of 
the  horse,  I  shall  as  willingly  returne  him  againe  as  you  shall 
desire;  and  therefore  I  prayou  signify  yo'  pleasure  to  me 
herein  under  yo'  hands :  not  that  I  would  for  ten  thousand 
horses  have  the  horse  to  my  owne  private  benefitt,  saving  to 
make  use  of  him  for  the  publique ;  for  I  will  most  gladly 
returne  the  valine  of  him  to  the  state,  if  the  gentleman  stand 
cleere  in  yo'  judgments.  I  beg  it  as  a  speciall  favour,  that, 
if  the  gent,  be  freely  willinge  to  let  me  have  him  for  my 
money,  let  him  set  his  owne  price.  I  shall  very  justly  returne 
him  the  money ;  or,  if  he  be  unwilling  to  pt  w***  him,  but 
kcepes  him  for  his  pleasure,  be  pleased  to  send  me  an  ans- 
weare  thereof.  I  shall  instantly  returne  him  his  horse,  and 
doe  it  w**"  a  great  deale  more  satisfaction  to  myselfe  then  keepe 
him :  therefore  I  beg  it  of  you  to  satisfy  my  desire  in  this  last 
request ;  it  shall  exceedingly  oblige  me  to  you :  if  you  do  it 
not,  I  shall  rest  very  unsatisfied,  and  the  horse  wilbe  a  burthen 
to  me  so  long  as  I  shall  keep  him. 


I  have  placed  the  subjoined  letter,  as  being  without  a  date, 
at  the  end  of  the  series ;  but  I  conceive  that  it  ought  to  pre- 
cede the  foregoing  one,  and  was  probably  written  about  the 


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first  of  September;  for  in  it  Cromwell  speaks  only  hy  hearsay 
of  the  £8000  assigned  him  out  of  the  Association;  whereas  in 
that  of  the  Hth  of  September  from  Boston,  published  by 
Mr.  Carlyle,  (see  p.  46)  he  writes,  "  of  the  £8000  allotted 
me,  I  cannot  get  the  Norfolk  part  nor  the  Hertfordshire  :  it 
was  given  away  before  I  had  it."  Mr.  Carlyle's  remark, 
touching  the  state  of  things  in  the  associated  coimties  at  the 
end  of  August  and  beginning  of  September,  is  quite  con- 
firmed by  this  letter.  "  Matters  go  not  well :  nobody  to  put 
on:  nobody  to  push:  cash,  too,  is  and  remains  defective." 
He  adds,  '*  Here,  however,"  (in  the  letter  of  Sep.  11)  ''is  a 
glimpse  of  the  Ironsides,  the  first  specific  glimpse,  which  is 
something."  May  we  infer  that  *'  Mr.  Margery's  honest 
men  to  follow  him "  are  of  that  number  ?  Who  shall  an- 
swer this  question  ?  and  who  shall  tell  us  who  Mr.  Margery, 
so  prominent  in  this  letter  and  in  the  last,  was  ? 

To  my  noble  friends  /S*"  Willm.  Springe^  knight  and 
Barronett^  and  Maurice  Barrowe,  Esq.  etc. 
present  theise. 

Gentlemen, 

I  have  beene  nowe  two  dayes  att  Cambridge  in 
expectation  to  heere  the  fruite  of  your  indeavors  in  Sufifolke 
towards  the  pubUke  assistance :  believe  itt,  you  will  heer  of 
a  storme  in  few  dayes:  you  have  no  infantrie  att  all  con- 
siderable. Hasten  your  horses:  a  few  howers  may  undoo 
you  neglected.  I  beseech  you  bee  carefull  what  captaines 
of  horse  you  choose,  what  men  be  mounted:  a  few  honest 
men  are  better  then  numbers :  some  tyme  they  must  have  for 
exercise.  If  you  choose  godly  honest  men  to  bee  captaines 
of  horse,  honest  men  will  followe  them ;  and  they  wiU  be 
careful  to  mount  such :  the  Kinge  is  exceedinge  strong  in 
the  west.  If  you  bee  able  to  foyle  a  force  att  the  first 
cominge  of  itt,  you  will  have  reputation ;   and  that  is  of 


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great  advantage  in  our  affaires.  God  hath  given  itt  to  our 
handfull :  lett  us  indeavor  to  keepe  itt.  I  had  rather  have 
a  plaine  russett-coated  captaine^  that  knowes  what  Hee  fights 
for,  and  loves  what  Hee  knowes,  then  that  w*^**  you  call  a 
gentleman  and  is  nothing  else.  I  honor  a  gentleman  that 
is  soe  indeed.  I  understand  Mr.  Margery  hath  honest  men 
will  foUowe  him :  if  soe,  bee  pleased  to  make  use  of  him : 
it  much  concemes  your  good,  to  have  conscientious  men; 
I  understand  that  there  is  an  order  for  mee  to  have  SOOOlb 
out  of  the  Association;  and  Essex  hath  sent  theire  part  or 
neere  itt.  I  assure  you  wee  neede  exceedinglye.  I  hope 
to  finde  your  favor  and  respect:  I  protest  if  it  were  for 
my  selfe  I  would  not  move  you :  this  is  all  from 
Your  faythfull  Servant 

Olivee  Ceomwell. 

P.S. — ^If  you  send  such  men  as  Essex  hath  sent,  it  will  be 
to  little  purpose :  bee  pleased  to  take  care  of  theire  march, 
and  that  such  may  come  along  w*^  them  as  wilbe  able  to 
bringe  them  to  the  mayne  body ;  and  then  I  doubt  not  but 
wee  shall  keepe  them,  and  make  good  use  of  them,  I  be- 
seech you  give  coimtenance  to  M'  Margery :  helpe  him  in 
raisinge  this  troupe  :  lett  him  nott  want  your  favor  in  what- 
soever is  needfiill  for  promoting  this  worke,  and  comand  your 
servant :  if  he  can  raise  the  horses  from  malignants,  lett  him 
have  your  warrant :  it  wilbe  of  speciall  service. 


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ov 

SIR  MILES  HOBART  AND  ANTHONY  HOBART, 

WITH 

SOME  PARTICULABS  EESPECTING  THOSE  INDIVIDUALS; 

IN 

A  LETTER  FROM  JAMES  COPEMAN,  ESa,  OF  LODDON, 

ICocal  SttrttSTQ, 

TO  DAWSON  TURNER,  ESQ.,  V.P. 


Loddon,  10th  June,  1847. 

My  deab  Sir, 

When  I  had  the  pleasure  to  meet  you  at  Tarmouth, 
a  few  days  since,  I  told  you  that  I  had  the  autographs  of 
Sir  Miles  Hobart  and  of  his  relative,  Anthony  Hobart ;  and 
I  have  now  the  pleasure  of  sending  them.  They  may  pos- 
sibly inter- 
est some  of 
the  Society, 
who  may  be 
disposed  to 
draw  infer- 
ences from 
hand  -  writ- 
ing as  to  cha- 
racter :  in- 
ferences that 

may  hold  good  in  a  general  point  of  view,  as  those  of  the 
phrenologist  deduced  from  the  expansive  forehead,  or  of  the 


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physiognomist  from  the  open  countenance.  The  residence 
of  the  latter  was  at  Hales  Hall^  adjoining  Loddon.  They 
were  both  Norfolk  Justices^  and  in  that  character  signed  the 
enclosed  apprenticeship  document^  dated  1st  July,  1628,  for 
the  binding  of  James  Shrecffe,  till  the  twenty-fourth  year  of 
his  age,  to  Thomas  Codd.  Miles  Hobart  is  the  celebrated 
personage  mentioned  in  chapter  li.,  by  Hume,  who  does  not 
so  precisely  relate  the  particulars  of  the  memorable  occur- 
rence in  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  2nd  March,  1628, 
as  is  done  in  Baker's  Chronicle.  "  They  locked  the  doors  of 
the  House,  and  gave  the  keys  to  Sir  Miles  Hobarte,  one  of 
their  Members,  to  keep,  and  refused  to  admit  the  Usher  of 
the  Black  Rod."  Anthony  was  the  son  of  Henry  Hobart, 
by  Margaret  daughter  of  Thomas  Rous,  of  Henham,  Esq. 
(Blomefield,  VIII.,  p.  19,  Hales  Parish.) 

The  third  bell  of  Loddon  Church  has  the  following  in- 
scription around  it :  "  Anthony  Hobart,  Esquyre,  Church- 
warden, Anno  dni  1616."  You  are  aware  that  his  ancestor 
erected  this  beautiful  building.  An  inscription  on  stained 
glass  in  one  of  its  windows,  of  which  I  recovered  some  frag- 
ments, contained  the  following :  "  Orate  pro  aia  Jaci  Hobart 
militis  &  attornati  dni  regis,  qui  banc  ecclesiam  a  primis  fun- 
damentis  condidit  in  tribus  annis  cum  suis  propriis  bonis, 
anno  regis  Henrici  septimi  undecimo." 

The  stables  (now  a  farm-house)  formerly  of  Hales  Hall, 
once  the  seat  of  Sir  James  Hobart,  are  standing;  and  the 
foundation  of  the  outer  walls  of  the  mansion  were  lately 
pointed  out  to  me  in  the  present  stackyard.  He  died  26th 
December,  1526,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  Coiirt  of  Com- 
mon Pleas.  His  grandson.  Sir  Henry  Hobart,  Kiiight  and 
Baronet,  became  also  Chief  Judge  of  the  same  court,  and 
Chancellor  to  Henry  and  Charles,  Princes  of  Wales.  The 
Burial  Register  of  Loddon  records :  ^^  Henry  Hoberte,  Es- 
quier,  deceased  this  lief  at  Norwich  the  xxx  daie  of  Aprill, 
and  was  buried  at  this  our  towne  of  Loddon  the  xx  day  of 


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May^  Anno  dni  1561."  His  tomb  in  the  chancel  has^  on 
brass^  "Of  your  Charitie  praye  for  y*'  Soule  of  Henry 
Hoberte,  Esqtder." 

Lady  Dionis  Williamson^  who  gave  £2001  towards  the  re- 
building of  St.  Paul's^  occupied  the  mansion^  and  died  at  the 
age  of  seventy-four  on  the  24th  day  of  January^  1684.  Her 
monument  is  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel.  On  the  south 
side^  within  the  rails^  is  another  tomb^  thus  inscribed  on 
brass :  "  Here  lyeth  the  body  of  James  Hobart,  £sq.^  and 
Frances  his  wife,  daught  unto  Sir  Willia  Drury,  of  Hausted^ 
in  y®  Coun?  of  Suff.,  K^,  who  lived  together  60  years,  and 
had  issue  8  Sones  and  6  daught.  She  depted  this  life  y°  12 
of  June,  1609  ;  and  he  depted  the  6  day  of  Februay,  1615. 
His  age  91. 

"For  virtue  and  hospitality 

Deo   HOMINIBUSQ.    CARl." 

Several  of  the  Hobarts,  even  females,  were,  immediately 
after  the  bold  affair  at  the  House  of  Commons,  excommuni- 
cated, as  I  find  by  a  memorandum  in  the  Parish  Sook  of 
Loddon.  "  Audery  Hobart,  Frances  Hobart,  Roger,  Miles, 
&c.  These  parties  were  excommunicate  the  22  July,  1629, 
by  virtue  of  a  Warrant  of  the  Lord's  Grace  of  Canterbury, 
his  Official,  They  were  presented  in  the  Visitation  holden 
upon  the  death  of  the  Rev*.  John  Jegon,  last  Bishop  of 
Norwich,  but  did  not  appeare.  Therefore  upon  contumacy.*' 
The  Warrant  is  dated  "  7«  die  Junii,  Anno  1629,  Sub  Sigillo 
Archyepisc." 

The  Hobart  Estate  passed,  with  several  Manors  extending 
into  Loddon  and  Hales,  from.  James,  the  Son  of  Anthony 
Hobart,  12  Car.  I.  (See  Blomefield,  Hales  Parish^  to  Henry 
Humberston,  Esquire,  who  had,  with  an  amorous  delinquent, 
tmhappily  incurred  the  displeasure  of  the  churchwardens; 
or  rather,  the  Ecclesiastical  Law  enjoined  the  official  per- 
formance of  an  act  which  was  not  always  done  from  the 
purest  motives,  but  often  to  gratify  private  malignity. 


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"27«Aprit,  1620. 

"  Loddon.  The  veredicte  of  Tho.  Codd  &  Tho.  Pecke, 
Churchwardens,  William  Smith,  Rob*.  Davy,  and  Henry 
Symond,  Sydemen,  sworn  and  examined  the  dale  &  yere 
aboyesaid,  in  the  ordinary  Visitation  of  Samuell  Lord  Bishopp 
of  Norwich,  as  followeth : 

*^  They  present  Hen.  Homerstone,  GeS.,  and  his  Wife, 
for  not  receivinge  the  Holy  Communion  at  Easter  last  past. 

"  Ede  Browne  sefi  W  eadm. 

"  They  say  their  Minister  is  a  M'  of  artes. 

"  They  psent  Ede  Browne,  ju^  for  liveinge  incontinently 
with  one  Eliz.  ♦  *  *  ,  his  late  Servante,  as  the  comon  fame 
goeth." 

I  have  drawn  your  attention  to  Loddon  Church.     Its  font 

was  once  distinguished  by  the  beauty  of  its  sculpture ;  and, 

on  turning  to   the  books  of  the  churchwardens  (regularly 

kept  from  1  Phil,  and  Mary  1554,  to  the  present  time),  I  find 

(a.d.  1642)  on  the  same  page  which  mentions  the  "  League 

and  Covenant  "  of  the  Cromwellian  era,  also  the  name  of  the 

barbarian  employed  to  deface  the  font,  and  the  price  of  his 

execrable  labours. 

£.    #.    rf. 
'^  Laide  out  to  Rochester^  the  glaser,  defasinge 

of  the  Images  in  the  Church  .  .  .060 

Thomas  Randandall  for  writinge  Covenant         .010" 

These  books  relate  to  every  subject  which  busied  the  heads 
and  hands,  and  agitated  the  feelings  of  the  inhabitants ;  in- 
cluding subsidies,  tasks,  aids,  benevolences,  rents,  wages, 
corn,  food,  materials,  burthens,  visitations,  afiUctions,  re- 
joicings, &c.  during  the  long  period  of  nearly  three  cen- 
turies; but  no  complaint  appears  about  Church  Rates;  for 
there  were  none,  as  the  revenue  of  the  Town  Farm,  left, 
it  is  believed,  by  the  Hobarts,  and  augmented  by  Lady 
Williamson,  rendered  a  tax  of  that  description  unnecessary. 


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I  transcribe  a  few  of  the  entries  of  an  early  date. 

"  Hereafter  followythe  all  suche  somes  of  money  as  John 
Coppyng  &  John  Felld,  Churche  wardens,  have  payed  & 
layd  owt  syns  the  last  accownte  beyng  the  x***  day  of  March, 
in  anno  Regnorum  Philippi  et  Mariae  Regis  et  Reginae  prime 
&  secundo. 

Itm.  to  \Vyll™.  Abbottes  for  wayshing  of  xiij 
surples  and  two  toweUs 

Itm.  payd  to  the  Wydow  Dawson  for  hyr 
husbonds  wagys  &  for  washyng  &  skoryng  .     viij*. 

Itm.  for  ij.  gyrdyUs  for  the  vestments 

Itm.  payd  to  the  goodwyfe  gorbowUd  for  the 
vysyters  costes  .... 

Itm.  payd  for  v^^  waxe  .  .  .     iiij*. 

Itm.  payd  to  the  myller  for  gryndyng  of  corn 
agaynste  the  drynkyng 

Itm.  payd  to  tomer  for  makyng  of  the  roode  .     vj*.     viij 

Itm.  payd  for  tymber  for  the  roode     .  .  xij 

Itm.  payd  to  Plafords  wyffe  for  bere  .  .     iij". 

Itm.   payd  to   the   goodman   Coppyng  for  j 
buyshelle  of  Whete  against  the  gaudayes  .     ij".     viij** 

Itm.  payd    to    John    Fellds    Wyffe    for    the 
wayshyng  of  one  awter  clothe  &  one  towelle       .  iij 

Itm.  to  John  Nockes  for  Kellers  for  the  roode  xiij*". 

Itm.  payd  for  drynk  for  the  ryngers  at  Whyt- 
suntyde  .....  xiij**." 


vuj^ 


iij*. 


X11J». 

ij^- 


ix°. 

id 


id 


id 


A.D.  1566. 

"  Itm.  for  a  man  to  helpe  the  cloke  maker  a 
daye  &  for  mete  &  drynke 

Itm.  for  menddyng  of  the  seppoulker 

Itm.  payd  to  the  baelye  of  the  hundreth  for 
marcyament  of  the  town  boottes 

Itm.  payd  to  the  baelye  of  the  hundreth  for 
the  marcyament  of  the  prevy  breche 

VOL.  II.  F 


viij**. 
iiijd. 


iiijd. 


iij*. 


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Itm.  payde  for  wyppc  corde  for  y*  waylle       .  ij**. 

Itm.  for  wyppe  corde  for  the  rode  lofte           .  ij^. 

Itm.   payd  to  Hethfelld  for  makyng  of  the 

Sepulker  tymber  and  bord           .             .             .  vj*.       vj**. 

Itm.  payd  for  the  Pyckes  (Pyx)          .             .  v*.       iiij**. 

Itm.  payd  at  Norwyche  for  bookes      .             .  xx». 

Itm.  payd  for  iiij*^  waxe          .             .             .  iij".      iiij^. 

Itm.  payd  for  the  makyng  of  the  waxe            .  viij'*- 

Itm.  to  the  tynkker  for  1  Claspe  for  the  byble  ij**. 

Itm.  payde  to  Plafors  Wyfe  for  ij  ferkyns  of 

bere  for  y®  Chancele  for  y®  gaudayse       .             .  ij*.       iiij^. 

Itm.  payde  to  John  Felldes  Wyffe  for  making 

of  ij  Botchetes     .....  iiij*.    vj**." 

As  the  Roman  Catholic  Service  and  Ritual  were  then  re- 
stored^ we  may  account  for  several  of  these  payments  by 
referring  them  to  the  usages  of  that  church,  in  accordance 
with  which  the  parishioners  were  to  provide  at  their  own 
charge,  amongst  other  matters,  a  Pyx,  three  towels  (two  to 
be  laid  upon  the  altar,  and  the  third  for  wiping  the  hands), 
three  surplices  for  the  use  of  the  priest,  deacon,  and  sub- 
deacon  ;  and  a  rochet. 

The  '*  byble,"  for  which  the  "  clasp  "  was  charged,  was,  I 
suppose,  "  the  bible  of  the  largest  volume,"  ordered  by  the 
80th  Canon,  directed  by  the  second  of  Lord  Cromwell's  in- 
junctions under  Henry  VIII.,  and  enforced  by  proclamation 
in  the  SSrd  of  his  reign,  under  a  penalty  of  405.  (Vide 
Bum's  Ecclesiastical  Law.) 

In  the  account  rendered  20th  January,  5  Phil.  &  Mary, 
appear  charges  in  regard  to  the  altar. 

"Itm.  payd  to  Rivett  for  the  makyng  of  the 
hyghe  aulter  &  pavyng      ....  xvj^. 

Itm.  to  Gylberd  for  servynge  of  hyme  .  .  iij<*. 

Itm.  to  Dawsons  sonne  for  the  lyke       .  .  iij<*. 

Itm.  for  Bordyng  of  them,  in  all  teime  dayes    .     ij«." 


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Under  4th  May,  1614 : 

"  Imprimis,  laide  out  for  the  aide  due  to  the  Kings  Moste 
Excellent  Ma^«  for  the  Marriage  of  the  noble  Ladie  Eliza- 
beth, tenne  shillings." 

Baker's  Chranidey  after  mentioning  that  "  on  the  14*»»  Feb- 
ruary (1618)„  being  Shrore  Sunday,  this  happy  marriage  was 
solemnized  in  the  Chapel  at  White  Hall,"  gravely  informs 
us,  *'  that  the  Bride  was  led  to  Church  by  two  Bachelors 
(her  Brother  Prince  Charles  and  the  Earl  of  Northampton, 
Lord  Privy  Seal),  attired  all  in  White,  having  a  rich  Crown 
of  gold  upon  her  head,  her  hair  hanging  down  at  length, 
curiously  beset  with  Pearls  and  precious  stones,  her  train 
supported  by  12  young  ladies  in  White  Garments,"  &c. 

With  regard  to  the  "aide,"  you  need  not  be  informed 
that  it  was  recognized  by  25  Edw.  3,  c.  11,  as  the  existing 
law,  thus : 

"It  is  assented  that  reasonable  aid,  to  make  the  King's 
eldest  son  a  Knight,  and  to  marry  his  eldest  daughter,  shall 
be  demanded  and  levied  after  the  form  of  the  Statute  thereof 
made;  that  is  to  say,  of  every  Knight's  fee  holden  of  the 
King  xx\,  and  of  every  xx^  of  Land  holden  of  the  King 
in  socage  xz^,  and  no  more." 

In  1614: 

"Itm.   for  three  quarters  of  hoUane,  for  the 

Commimion  Copp,  &  to  carry  the  bread  to  Church  xv*^. 

Itm.  the  22**  of  April,  six  pynts  and  bread      .  iij*.       ij**. 

Itm.  the  24  of  April,  eight  pynts  and  bread    .  iiij*.      iij**. 

Itm.  for  eight  pynts  of  wyne  and  bread,  27  of 

ApriU       ......  iiij*.       ij'^. 

Itm.  the  2  May,  nyne  pynts                              .  iij*.    iij*." 

As  the  population  of  Loddon  at  that  time  wafi  inconsider- 
able, the  quantity  of  wine  (thirty-one  pints),  from  the  22nd 

f2 


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April  to  the  2nd  May  (ten  days),  could  not,  I  imagine,  be 
wholly  used  for  a  sacramental  purpose,  but  on  some  festive 
occasion.  Indeed,  the  parish  officers  appear  to  have  been 
frequently  lavish  of  good  cheer. 


€<' 


£.    9.      d. 


^7  EUz.  Itm.  layed  out  for  wyne  for  the  marriage  of 
Robert  Gryemes. 

"  Payd  this  24**  of  Aprell,  1661,  for  2  barrell  of 
the  best  beere  and  1***.  of  tobaco  to  give  the  Cap- 
taine  and  his  souldgers,  on  the  appointment  of 
M'.  Homerston  and  M'.  Lawes     .  .  .     1  12     6" 

In  1627  there  is  an  entry  relative  to  Yarmouth. 

"  Itm.  laid  out  to  Kempe  the  Constable  upon  a 
Warrant  that  cam  from  the  lefetenant  for  the 
making  of  mounts  at  Yarmouth  .  .14    0" 

You  will  know  to  what  this  refers.  A  Copy  of  the  War- 
rant of  the  Deputy  Lieutenant,  dated  from  the  Maid's  Head, 
Norwich,  6th  April,  1626,  is  given  in  Swinden*s  History, 
p.  119,  addressed  to  the  Chief  Constables  of  every  Hundred 
in  Norfolk,  for  a  "  Contribution  towards  the  repairs  of  the 
Town  of  Yarmouth,  and  the  walls,  bulwarks,  and  forts  there, 
in  this  time  of  danger,  against  attempts  of  the  enemy ;  and  it 
is  to  be  presumed  that  there  is  no  man  that  carrieth  a  true 
heart  to  his  sovereign  and  to  his  country,  but  for  the  honor 
of  the  one,  and  the  security  of  the  other,  he  will  willingly 
contribute." 

In  conclusion  of  this  rambling,  and,  I  fear,  already  un- 
conscionably long  letter,  I  will  venture  to  subjoin,  what  I 
hope  may  be  new  to  most  of  our  members,  as  taken  from  a 
book  of  great  rarity,  (Stevenson's  Norfolk  Drollery y  London, 
12mo.  1678),  and  may  be  interesting,  as  illustrative  of  the 
character  of  the  man,  and  of  the  style  of  the  poetry  of  the 


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times,  the  following  "  Elegy  upon  Miles  Hobart,  Esq.,  who 
dy'd  the  Friday  before  Good  Friday." 

**  What  time  we  thought  ouxfcuting  almost  doncy 
Another  LetU  our  mourning  has  begun. 
A  Lent  two  Fridays  hath,  both  dy'd  in  blood : 
Ah  me  (sweet  MUet)  the  bad  forestalls  the  good. 
And  yet,  please  you,  we'l  both  good  Fridayt  call, 
His  for  himself,  our  Saviour's  for  us  all. 
He  left  no  Widow  to  bedew  his  Hearse, 
With  fruitless,  if  not  hypocritick  teares. 
But,  as  an  Angel  of  a  nobler  sphear. 
He  was  in  this,  as  all  things,  singulear. 
Such  was  his  lofty  and  prodigious  wit, 
No  Jacob^i  staff  could  take  the  height  of  it. 
And  such  his  candour,  TV^-like,  he  sent 
None  from  his  presence  sad  or  discontent. 
So  just,  so  generous,  so  gentile  was  he. 
No  man  can  say,  h'  as  lost  an  Enemy. 
Coaches  and  numerous  horsemen  have  wel  prov'd,. 
How  much  lamented,  and  how  much  beloy'd ; 
Who  thought  it  not  enuff  at  home  to  moume, 
But  many  Miles  rid  weeping  to  his  ITm« 
Where  neither  Brass  nor  Marble  need  be  spent, 
Name  but  MxUb  Hobart,  'tis  a  Monument.'* 

I  am. 

My  dear  Sir, 

Your  truly  obliged, 

James  Copeman. 

To  Dawson  Turner,  Esq. 


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CHALLENGE 


OLIVER  NEVE,  ESQ.  TO  SIR  HENRY  HOBART. 

OOXICUiriCATltD 

BY  THE  KEY.  BICHARD   HART, 
A  LETTER  TO  DAWSON  TURNER,  ESa,  V.  P. 


Mt  DEAR  Sib, 

As  I  understand  that  our  forthcoming 
number  will  contain  some  extremely  valuable  documents 
connected  with  the  Hobart  and  ihe  Le  Neve  families,  in 
which*  mention  is  made  of  the  unhappy  duel  which  cost 
the  life  of  an  illustrious  member  of  the  former,  I  venture 
to  hope  that  a  Copy  of  the  Original  Challenge  may  prove 
generally  acceptable  to  our  readers. 

That  original  is  now  in  the  possession  of  my  friend  and 
relative,  S.  H.  L.  N.  Gilman,  Esq.,  the  representative  of  that 
branch  of  the  Le  Neve  family  from  which  I  am  descended. 
He  kindly  allowed  me  to  make  a  transcript,  with  a  view  to 
its  publication  by  our  Society. 

Believe  me,  my  dear  Sir, 

Yours  very  sincerely, 

Richard  Hart. 

*  See  p.  30  {Note). 


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Original  Challenge  of  OUeer  Neve,  which  led  to  the  fatal 
Duel  on  the  Heath  at  Gawston  WoodrotOy  20  Atig. 
1698,  in  which  Sir  Henry  Hobart  *  lost  his  life. 

Honored  S', 

I  am  very  sorry  I  was  not  at  Beif  ham 
yesterday,  when  you  gave  yo'self  the  trouble  of  appearing 
there,  that  I  might  not  only  have  further  justified  the  Truth 
of  my  not  saying  what  is  reported  I  did,  but  that  I  might 
have  told  you  that  I  wrote  not  that  Letter  to  avoid  fighting 
you ;  but  that,  if  the  credit  of  yo'^  author  has  confirm^  you 
in  the  belief  of  it,  I  am  ready  &  desirous  to  meet  you  when 
&  where  you  please  to  assign.  If  otherwise,  I  expect  your 
Author's  name  in  return  to  this,  that  I  may  take  my  satisfaction 


*  "  Sii  Henry  Hobart,  who  was  the  fourth  baronet,  was  elected  a  Burgess 
for  King's  Lynn  in  the  Parliament  that  met  at  Oxford  in  1681,  and  sat  with 
his  father,  who  served  then  as  Knight  of  the  Shire  for  Norfolk.  He  was  a 
Tery  great  friend  to,  and  promoter  of,  the  Revolution;  and  in  the  Convention 
Parliament  (being  then  Knight  of  the  Shire  for  Norfolk)  he  declared  for  the 
vacancy  of  the  throne.  Afterwards,  he  was  Gentleman  of  the  Horse  to  King 
WUliam,  and  attended  him  at  the  Battle  of  the  Boyne  in  Ireland.  In  1695 
he  was  again  elected  to  serve  in  parliament  for  the  county,  and  always 
behaved  like  a  man  of  honour  in  that  post ;  but,  being  disappointed  of  his 
election  in  1698,  and  resenting  some  words  said  to  be  spoken  by  Oliver  Le 
Neve,  Esq.  (which  Le  Neve  denied  under  his  hand),  a  challenge  was  given, 
and  a  duel  ensued,  in  which  Sir  Henry  passed  his  sword  through  Le  Neve's 
arm,  and  Le  Neve  ran  his  into  Sir  Henry's  belly,  of  which  wound  he  died 
the  next  day,  being  Sunday,  21st  August,  1698,  and  was  interred  in  the 
vault  at  Blickling.  He  married  the  eldest  daughter  and  coheir  of  Joseph 
Maynard,  Esq.,  son  and  heir  of  Sir  John  Maynard,  Knight,  one  of  the  Com- 
missioners of  the  Great  Seal  in  the  reign  of  King  William.  She  died  his 
widow  22nd  August,  1701,  and  is  in  the  vault  with  him:  they  had  three 
daughters."  (Blomefleld,  History  of  Norfolk^  second  edition,  YI.,  p.  402.) 
A  monumental  stone,  surmoimted  by  a  broken  urn,  still  marks  the  spot  on 
Cawston  Heath  where  Sir  Henry  fell. 


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there;  or  else  conclude  the  Imputaffin  sprung  from  Blickling, 
&  send  you  a  time  &  place ;  for  the  matter  shall  not  rest  as  it 
is^  tho'  it  cost  the  life  of 

Yo'  Serv*, 

Olivee  Neve. 
Aug.  y«  20^\  98. 


Endorsed: — "A  letter  sent  from  Oliver  Neve,  Esq'*,  to  S*^ 
Henry  Hobart,  the  consequence  of  which 
was  a  duel  upon  Cawston  Heath,  in  which 
Sir  Henry  was  killed." 


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lJir,-fr.\  ^:-Ach«i.hv  ?.Hw\-"xrr. 


i:r   CLEMKNT3   -N  Cl^WlCH. 


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ENGRAVING  OF  AN  ANCIENT  DOOR 

IN 

&t  (Slmmt%  BoxW^. 

COXXmdCATBD  BY 

MR.   WILLIAM   ENFIELD,    JUN. 


The  Priors  of  Ixwortli  had  a  residence  in  St.  Clement  at 
Fyebridge,  Norwich,  the  extent  of  which,  when,  or  by  whom 
it  was  founded,  cannot  be  ascertained ;  but  from  the  inscrip- 
tion on  the  door,  there  is  no  doubt  William  Lowth  was  either 
the  Founder,  or  the  Prior  when  the  building  must  have 
undergone  material  alterations..  The  exact  place  it  originally 
occupied  cannot  be  satisfactorily  stated ;  it  is  much  older  than 
either  the  doorway  or  building  to  which  it  is  now  attached, 
they  being  only  of  the  sixteenth  century. 

Kirkpatrick  wrote :  ^^  Saint  Clement  at  Fyebridge,  in  the 
south-west  corner  of  the  churchyard  are  certain  houses, 
which  anciently  belonged  to  the  Priory  of  Ixworth,  and 
extend  southward  to  the  rirer." 

Blomefield  states :  '^  Those  houses,  and  all  from  thence  to 
Colegate  Street,  belonged  to  the  Prior  of  Ixworth,  and  at 
the  Dissolution  were  granted  by  Henry  VIII.  to  Eic.  Ca- 
dington,  who  had  license  to  sell  them  to  Cecily  Suffield,  and 


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her  heirs,  who  divided  them  into  several  parts,  and  settled 
this  on  divers  trustees  to  the  use  of  the  parish. 

'*  Another  part,  which  is  now  owned  by  Alderman  Harvey, 
hath  this  inscription  on  the  door  which  entered  into  the 
Prior's  Hall,  the  whole  court  being  in  those  days  the  city 
house  of  the  Priors  of  Ixworth  in  Suffolk. 

'^  Maria  plene  Gracie  Mater  misbrecordie 
Bemembtr  Wyllyam  Lowth  Prior  MVC  VIIJ/' 


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SPEECH  OF  SIR  ROBERT  BALDOCK, 

BECOBDES  OF  YABHOUTH. 

UPON  THB 

OCCASION  OF  HIB  VISIT  TO  NOEFOLK,  IGH. 
COMMUNICATED    BY    JOSEPH    DAVEY,   ESQ. 

IN 

A  LETTER  TO  DAWSON  TUBNER,  ESQ.,  V.  P. 


Dear  Sir^ 

The  interest  excited  by  the  graphic  account, 
furnished  by  you  to  this  Society,  of  the  Visit  of  His  Majesty 
Charles  II.  to  our  native  County,  must  still  be  fresh  in  the 
memory  of  such  of  its  members  as  were  fortunate  enough  to 
receive  a  copy  of  it ;  and  all  must  feel  obliged  to  you  for 
the  anxiety  you  have  evinced  to  promote  the  usefulness,  and 
to  extend  the  operations  of  a  society,  which  owes  you  much 
of  its  stability,  and  of  the  information  it  has  been  privileged 
to  rescue  from  oblivion. 

The  disappointment  you  expressed  at  your  inability  to 
discover  the  details  of  that  portion  of  the  Royal  Progress 
more  immediately  relating  to  Yarmouth,  lefl  no  room  to 
doubt  the  industry  of  your  research  in  quest  of  the  docu- 
ments alluded  to  in  the  Order  of  Assembly,  dated  October 
10,  1671,  and  given  by  you  at  the  foot  of  page  7  of  your 


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Narrative.  It  is,  indeed,  scarcely  to  be  questioned  that,  in 
compliance  with  that  order,  the  "  account  of  the  manner  of 
his  Ma^®*  recepcon,"  was  actually  prepared,  and  "  a  copy  of 
his  speech,  which  he  made  to  the  King,"  was  furnished  by 
the  Recorder.  These  papers,  however,  unfortunately  failed 
to  be  ^'  incerted  '*  in  the  book  of  the  Assembly ;  and  were 
but  too  naturally  supposed  to  be  irrecoverably  lost.  I  have 
therefore  the  greater  pleasure  in  finding  myself  able  to  pre- 
sent to  the  Society,  through  yourself,  a  copy  of  one  of  them, 
the  Speech  of  the  Recorder,  transcribed  from  a  MS.  obviously 
written  at  the  time,  and  apparently  the  very  one  supplied  by 
him  as  directed. 

In  looking  over  the  history  of  the  period  which  imme- 
diately preceded  the  King's  Progress,  one  cannot  but  be 
struck  with  the  astounding  change  that  must  have  come 
over  the  Yarmouth  Corporation  on  the  restoration  of  the 
monarchy  after  the  brief  but  brilliant  interregnum  of  the 
Protector  ;  and  it  is  difficult  to  conceive  how,  with  any 
degree  of  sincerity,  that  body  which  could  sanction  the 
humiliating  address  to  Richard  Cromwell,  printed  by  Swin- 
den,  should  so  speedily  forego  their  republican  principles, 
as  to  adopt  the  sycophantic  adulations  of  royalty  with  which 
the  Speech  abounds.  Neither  is  it  less  difficult  to  conceive 
how  Charles  himself  could  be  a  patient  listener. 

Perhaps,  however,  it  will  be  averred  by  some,  that  a 
monarch  who  could  subject  himself  to  the  charge  of  having 
become  "the  base  and  ignoble  pensioner  of  France,"  and 
of  having  descended  to  the  sale  of  Dunkirk  to  satisfy  the 
rapacity  of  his  mistresses,  might  easily  consent  to  swallow 
flattery  presented  with  "  4  herrings  in  gold,  with  a  chayne  " 
of  the  like  precious  metal.  By  such  it  will  also  be  said, 
that,  devoid  of  sincerity  himself,  he  could  well  affi)rd  to 
bear  with  a  dissembled  loyalty  wrapped  in  a  gilded  bait, 
and  listen  with  patience  to  the  professions  of  subjects  who 
could  accompany  those  professions  with  sterling  gold. 


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But,  to  return  to  my  purpose,  allow  me  to  present  to  you 

"  Robert   Baldocke,   Esq'.,  his   speech   delivered  to  the 
Kinge  att  Yarmouth,  September  the  27**»,  1671. 

*^  May  it  please  yo'  Ma**% 
"  This  nation  through  diuine  puidence  euen  beyound  the 
time  whereof  noe  memorie  or  record  is  to  the  memory,  hath 
been  founded  &  settled,  continued,  (and  notwithstandinge  the 
late  violent  &  too  longe  opposition,)  peserved  vnder  the  best 
of  gouerments.  Monarchy;  And  our  flForefathers,  wisely 
consideringe  the  meanes  &  methods  of  the  gouerment  of 
the  world  imder  that  greate  monarch  of  heaven  and  earth 
as  the  most  sure  &  naturall  foundation  of  all  temporall  Eule, 
have  attributed  to  the  Kings  of  this  Realme  perogatiues  in 
resemblance  by  way  of  analogy  with  his  essential  Souaringty 
ouer  the  whole,  even  the  Ideas  &  Images  of  those  very 
eccellencies  which  are  in  God  himselfe.  It  is  he  alone  who 
makes  &  peserves  all  naturall  beings :  it  is  by  the  power  of 
Soueraigne  Princes  only  that  corporations  &  bodies  Politick 
are  created,  formed,  fashioned,  &  continued.  And  in  this 
sence  (Greate  Sir)  wee  are  your  ofspringe,  your  creatures, 
in  y*  by  you  wee  th\xs  line,  thus  moue,  and  haue  this  beinge. 
The  Charters  of  your  Royall  Ancestors  made  vs:  you  & 
they  haue  peserued  vs  hitherto:  from  them  and  you  wee 
have  had  diuerse  pevileages,  imunities,  &  f&ee  gifls,  ffor 
our  better  subsistance,  as  wee  are;  wittness  those  pticulars 
(amongst  many  others)  which  wee  are  bound  to  comemorate 
with  our  greatest  thanks,  your  gratious  renewinge  &  con- 
firminge  to  vs  those  our  Charters  &  donatiues  since  your 
happy  restauration.  And,  as  a  further  addition  to  our 
meanes  of  tradinge  &  livelyhood,  yor  loyall  assent  to  a  late 
Act  of  Parliament  for  the  repayer  &  maintenance  of  our 
Peers  &  Haven. 

"And,  as  this  perogative  of  power,  soe  is  there  by  the 


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LaweB.of  this  Bealme  attributed  to  your  Sacred  pson  Ybi- 
quity  &  infinitenesse  after  a  sort;  as  beinge  pesent  in  all 
your  Courts  of  Justice,  as  if  one  should  say  euery  where, 
&,  though  not  actually  with  ys,  yett  eminently  ouer  and 
with  vs  all. 

"  There  are  also  by  the  same  Lawes  attributed  to  you  those 
other  ppties  &  eccellencies  of  justice,  mercy,  truth,  pffection, 
flowing  insepable  from  yo^  imperiall  Crowne,  incommiitatiue 
with  the  subject,  not  to  be  invaded  by  the  populaicy,  nor 
to  be  lessened  by  any  other  way  or  meanes  whatsoeuer. 
Such  arts  as  would  abridge  them  beinge  meere  contradic- 
tions to  the  nature,  essence,  effects,  &  consequences  of  su- 
preame  gouerment,  &  therefore  void  of  themselves. 

**  Another  attribute  there  is  wherein  Soueraigne  Princes 
doe  beare  in  resemblance  with  the  diuine  nature,  that  is, 
imortality:  it  is  a  maxime  in  your  Lawes  that  the  Kinge 
neuer  dyes;  which,  though  it  be  meant  of  the  imediate 
succession  of  Kingship  in  an  instant,  exclusiue  of  anarchy 
&  inter-regnums,  soe  as  there  is  noe  moment  of  time  be- 
tweene  the  death  of  the  one  &  the  Reigne  of  the  other; 
the  branches  of  Soueraignty  in  that  sense  beinge  like  those 
of  the  Golden  Tree  amongst  the  Poets — 

«  Uno  avulso,  non  deficit  alter 
«  Aureus,  et  simili  frondescit  virgo  metallo. 

"  Yett  (dread  Sir)  for  your  sake,  for  their  own  sakes,  & 
for  the  sake  of  those  who  are  to  come,  your  loyall  subjects 
could  wish  the  same  were  to  be  really,  psonally,  and  in  your- 
selfe ;  and,  since  that  cannot  be,  it  remaines  only  that  they 
pray  for  what  you  have  given  them,  frequent  pious  &  noble 
instances,  not  to  doubt,  that,  when,  ftdl  of  dayes  &  honour, 
you  shall  demise  these  your  earthly  scepters  to  your  suc- 
cessor, you  may  be  possessed  of  one  truely  &  for  ever  glo- 
rious. And  may  leaue  such  fame  &  renowne  behind  you 
of  your  Princely  vertues,  indowments,  &  successe,  that  pos- 


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terity  may  be  in  doubt  whether  the  happinesse  of  your  life, 
or  that  of  your  memorie  be  the  greater. 

^^  In  a  word  (Bojrall  Sir)  prayers  are  butt  the  attributes 
of  men :  it  is  felicity  that  is  the  gift  of  God ;  &  to  him 
aboue,  and  to  Soueraigne  Princes  on  earth,  belongs  for- 
giuenesse :  wee  therefore,  of  this  Corporation,  your  denoted 
leige  men,  doe  most  humbly  implore  that  of  you,  which  is 
your  honor  to  giue,  &  will  be  your  hapinesse,  that  which 
you  haue  hitherto  afforded  to  your  subjects  euen  beyoimd 
theire  hopes  or  meritt,  &  by  which  you  are  the  greatest 
conqueror,  &  triumph  ouer  the  affections  of  your  people — 
your  Ma^^  firee  &  gracious  pardon  of  what  wee  doe.  And 
that  you  would  be  pleased  to  accept  of  these  and  of  what 
other  you  shall  find  there,  the  weake  expresses  of  our  joy- 
some  thanks  ffor  this  your  royall  psonall  favor  towards  vs. 
"Wee  assure  you  (great  Sir)  wee  doe  our  vttmost,  and  yett 
(like  those  who  discribe  the  world  in  a  mapp)  with  noe 
small  detriment  to  your  greatenesse:  though  accordinge  to 
the  truth  and  the  reallity  of  our  hearts." 


I  yenture  still  further  to  hope  that  the  following  extract 
from  the  *' Funeral  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  the  Right  Honor- 
able Robert,  Earl  and  Viscount  Yarmouth,  Baron  of  Fasten, 
and  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  County  of  Norfolk,  by  his 
Chaplain,  the  Rev.  John  Hildeyard,  briefly  descriptive  of 
his  Majesty's  visit  to  Oxnead,"  will  not  be  deemed  an  in- 
appropriate conclusion  to  this  letter. 

''He  (Sir  Robert  Fasten)  entertained  the  King,  Queen,  and 
Duke,  and  aU  their  nobles  and  servants  in  attendance,  a  night 
at  Oxnead  Hall,  where  was  prepared  a  most  sumptuous  sup- 
per, which  cost  him  three  times  more  than  Earls*  daughters 
had  heretofore  unto  their  portions.     Frovisions  were  super- 


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abundantly  plentiful^  and  all  accommodations  answerable. 
Tbus^  as  it  is  said  Araunah  did  to  Dayid^  did  be  as  a  king 
give  unto  tbe  King.  Nor  can  I  omit  to  remark^  from  his  own 
mouthy  that  the  King  had  no  sooner  put  himself  under  his 
roof  but  he  told  this  Honourable  Baronet^ '  that  he  was  now 
safe  in  the  house  of  his  friend.'  The  tables  being  spread^ 
and  sideboards  being  richly  adorned  with  plate,  the  King 
took  notice  of  some  more  remarkable  pieces,  which  gave 
occasion  to  Sir  Robert  to  tell  him,  that  his  house  was  once 
better  furnished,  and  he  coidd  have  welcomed  his  Majesty 
with  greater  plenty  of  it,  had  not  a  blew  Ribbon^  that  attended 
on  his  Majesty  with  a  white  staff,  plundered  it  from  his  father 
by  trunksful.  Here  the  King  diverted  himself  with  a  delight- 
ful view  of  the  house,  and  its  situation,  and  what  he  found 
therein ;  left  many  gracious  acknowledgments  of  kindness 
from  his  host,  and  next  day  took  his  leave." 

With  great  respect,  I  have  the  honor  to  be. 

Dear  Sir, 
Your  obliged  and  obedient  Servant, 

Joseph  Davby. 

Yarmouth,  Nov.  30,  1847. 


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^'^"^'^^') 

'M-^^ 


:^; 


-4 


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OF  A 

LEnER  FROM  QUEEN  ELIZABETH  TO  LADY  PAGET, 

UPON  THE  DEATH  OF  HEB  DAUGHTEB.  LADY  CBOMPTON. 
OOXMUNICATBD  BY 

PAGE  NICOL  SCOTT,  ESQ. 


In  printing  the  following  letter,  the  Committee  are  aware 
that  they  are  deviating  from  their  prescribed  line,  it  having 
already  appeared  in  Nichols'  Progresses  of  Queen  ElizabeUiy 
III.  p.  497.  They  at  the  same  time  flatter  themselves  that 
they  shall  not  only  obtain  the  pardon  but  the  thanks  of  the 
Society,  who  can  scarcely  do  otherwise  than  share  the  gratifi- 
cation they  feel  at  finding  themselves  enabled,  by  the  libe- 
rality of  their  respected  member  mentioned  above,  to  insert 
in  their  pages  a  facsimile  of  a  letter  from  so  illustrious  a 
sovereign.  The  person  addressed  by  Her  Majesty  was 
Catherine,  daughter  of  Henry  Knevett,  of  Old  Buckenham, 
in  Norfolk,  Esq. ;  married,  first,  to  Henry,  second  Lord 
Paget,  who  died  1668,  leaving  only  an  infant  daughter,  the 
survivor  of  her  father  for  three  years ;  and  secondly,  to  Sir 
Edw.  Gary,  of  Aldenham,  Herts..  By  the  latter  she  had 
two  sons  and  three  daughters,  the  loss  of  the  youngest  of 
whom,  Meriall,  the  wife  of  Sir  Thos.  Crompton,  of  Driffield, 
Yorkshire,  called  forth  this  effusion  of  her  royal  mistress* 
affection.  Lady  Crompton's  death  happened  on  the  15th 
May  1600,  when  the  Queen  was  in  her  67th  year  ;  and  this 

VOL.  II.  G 


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circumstance  may  account  for  her  handwriting  no  longer  re- 
taining the  strength  so  remarkable  in  it  in  her  younger  days. 
The  epitaph  upon  Lady  Crompton's  mural  monument  in 
Aldenham  Church  styles  her  '^  virtuosam  et  lectissimam 
faeminam^''  and  designates  her  memory  as  ^^laudabilem  et 
dignissimam."  The  letter  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Mrs. 
Hansell^  the  widow  of  the  Rev.  Peter  Hansell,  who  received 
it  from  Mr.  Partridge,  the  writer  of  the  accompanying 
transcript  and  note.  The  Lord  Lyttleton,  by  whom  it  was 
given  to  Mr.  Champion,  was  fourth  in  descent  from  Lady 
Crompton,  and  consequently,  fifth  from  her  mother.  Lady 
Paget,  both  of  whom  he  indifferently  calls  his  grandmother. 


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ST.  MICHAEL'S,  AYL8HAM,  NORFOLK. 


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FIGURE  AND  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  FONT 
9t  astetant. 


COHHUNICATBD 


BY   THE  REV.   E.   T.  YATES. 


In  the  Preface  to  the  first  volume  of  Original  Papers 
published  by  the  Society,  the  parish  church  of  Aylsham  is 
mentioned  as  worthy  of  notice,  in  connexion  with  the  more 
beautiful  structures  (but  of  later  date)  of  Cawston  and  Salle. 
It  is  not,  however,  to  the  church,  but  to  the  Font  contained 
in  it,  that  I  would  on  the  present  occasion  draw  the  attention 
of  the  members  of  our  Society. 

Fonts  are  always  interesting,  not  more  from  the  pleasing 
reminiscences  which  they  suggest,  than  from  their  use  in 
pointing  out  the  dates  of  the  several  churches  in  which  they 
are  found.  This  is  particularly  the  case  with  reference  to 
the  Font,  a  sketch  of  which  accompanies  this  paper.  True, 
it  is  not  so  in  all  instances,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  circular 
Font  at  Heydon,  and  the  very  interesting,  but  little  known, 
ones  at  Great  Hautbois  and  Belaugh;  but,  generally  speak- 
ing, they  are  of  the  same  date  as  the  churches  in  which  they 
are  placed.  That  at  Aylsham  is  early  perpendicular,  octa- 
gonal, and  bears  upon  its  pedestal  the  arms  of  the  renowned 
John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster.  This  patron  of  Wick- 
cliffe,  whether  from  religious  or  political  motives  I  will  leave 
the  student  of  history  to  decide,  is  generally  8Ui>posed  to 

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have  built  the  church  (Aylsham  is  within  the  Duchy  of  Lan- 
caster) ;  and  it  was  probably  as  a  memorial  to  posterity  of  his 
munificence,  that  we  find  his  arms  engraved  either  by  himself 
or  some  other  benefactor  upon  the  Font.  For,  in  addition 
to  these  arms,  which  occupy  the  front  panel  of  the  shafty 
there  are  also  those  of  Morley,  a  lion  rampant  crowned ;  of 
Bouchier  (?)  three  water  bougets;  and  on  the  fourth  shield 
the  monogram  I.  H.  S.,  miscalled  by  Blomefield  either  '*  the 
arms  of  St.  George  or  a  cross  flor^." 

"Whether  the  families  of  Morley  or  Bouchier  had  any  and 
what  connection  with  the  church,  as  Lords  of  the  Manor, 
donors  of  the  Font,  or  benefactors,  has  not  been  ascertained ; 
but  fi"om  their  arms  being  found  in  this  position,  we  may 
conclude  that  they  had  some  such  claim  to  that  particular 
distinction.  In  reference  to  this  subject  the  following  re- 
marks, extracted  from  the  introduction  to  Mr.  Paley*s  work 
on  Fonts^  may  be  acceptable  : 

"The  correct  taste  generally  shewn  by  the  mediaeval  ar- 
tists in  ecclesiastical  devices,  probably  made  them  feel  the 
unfitness  of  heraldry  in  this  position.  Certain  it  is,  that  in 
an  age  which  gloried  in  that  science,  and  when  every  church 
wall  and  window  exhibited  some  badge  of  chivalrous  dis- 
tinction, comparatively  few  such  devices  were  allowed  to 
have  place  on  Fonts.  Admitting  that  heraldic  bearings  are 
unsuitable  to  such  purposes  as  this,  we  doubt  whether  the 
custom,  sparingly  as  it  certainly  was  adopted,  deserves  the 
strong  reprobation  it  has  sometimes  met  with.  Certainly, 
heraldry  is  the  least  objectionable  way  of  commemorating  a 
person  without  the  parade  of  a  name :  and  whether  founder, 
benefactor,  or  donor  of  the  Font,  Bishop  of  the  Diocese,  or 
Lord  of  the  Manor,  the  compliment  was  a  harmless  one, 
and  not  necessarily  dictated  by  a  love  of  worldly  pride  or 
family  distinction." 

The  instruments  of  the  Passion  and  a  Crucifix  occupy  four 
of  the  panels  of  the  bowl  alternately  with  the  emblems  of  the 


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Evangelists.  Three  of  these  are  seen  in  the  drawing :  the 
fourth,  containing  the  pillar,  cords,  and  crown  of  thorns,  is 
shown  in  fig.  1.  The  fifth  contains  the  eagle  of  St.  John, 
fi^.  2.  The  sixth,  a  Crucifix  somewhat  mutilated,  fiff.  S. 
The  seventh,  the  winged  bull  of  St.  Luke,  fig,  4 :  and  the 
eighth,  the  spear,  sponge  and  vessel  for  the  vinegar,  very 
perfect,^.  6. 

Fig.  1.  Fig.  8. 


Fig.S. 


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The  ornaments  of  the  lower  portion  of  the  bowl  are  angels 
with  expanded  wings^  altei-nating  with  a  winged  heart,  from 
which  issues  a  little  stem  bearing  a  quatrefoil. 

The  height  of  the  Font,  as  shown  by  the  engraving,  is 
three  feet  six  inches,  the  shaft  being  one  foot  ten  inches  ;  the 
panels  are  each  one  foot  wide.  The  interior  bowl  is  twenty 
inches  in  diameter  and  fifteen  deep.  The  original  drain  re- 
mains, and  still  serves  as  an  outlet  for  the  water  used  at 
baptisms.  Although  the  ornaments  are  somewhat  mutilated, 
the  devices  upon  them  are  plainly  distinguishable,  and  fur- 
nish as  satisfactory  materials  as  any  from  which  to  infer  their 
date.  The  design,  though  not  of  unfrequent  occurrence  in 
the  County,  is  not  to  be  met  with  in  any  other  church  in  the 
Hundred  of  South  Erpingham  or  the  Deanery  of  Ingworth. 

The  Aylsham  Font  probably  occupies  its  original  site  at 
the  West  end  of  the  Church,  to  the  left  of  the  centre  aisle. 
In  the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  a  Baptistery,  or 
canopy  of  heavy  and  costly  workmanship,  was  erected  over 
it — by  whom  we  know  not — and  still  exists.  The  steps  of 
the  Font  have  been  reduced  so  as  to  form  a  square  block  of 
masonry,  the  surface  of  which  is  level  with  the  floor  of  this 
cumbrous  structure, — an  arrangement  which  completely  de- 
stroys the  effect  of  the  proportions  of  the  Font. 

It  is  recorded  that  the  roof  and  screens  of  the  Church 
were  much  adorned  with  painting  and  elaborate  work,  about 
the  year  1507,  by  John  Jannys  and  Thomas  Wymer,  the 
latter  of  whom  is  buried  in  the  chancel ;  but  no  earlier 
certain  notices  now  exist  of  the  fabric,  and  we  can  only  con- 
jecture the  dates  of  the  different  parts  of  it,  from  the  style, 
and  the  brasses  and  scattered  memorials  of  the  various  bene- 
factors. 

Aylsham,  December,  1847. 


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ALl4   SAINTS'    CHURCH, 

BELTON,  SUFFOLK. 


The  Church  in  the  Parish  of  Belton,  near  Great  Yarmouth, 
may  be  sufficiently  described  for  the  purposes  of  this  Circular, 
by  a  brief  Extract  from  "  Memorials  of  the  Antiquities  of  the 
County  of  Buffolh^^  (vol.  i,  p.  304)  now  in  the  course  of  pub- 
lication by  the  Rev.  A.  Suckling  : — 

''  It  comprises  a  nave  and  chancel  only :  a  circular  Tower  at  the  west 
end  having  been  long  ruinated.  It  is  a  fine  well-proportioned  building^  con^ 
structed  of  cut  flints^  and  in  good  condition.^' 

Nothing  whatever  is  known  by  tradition  or  otherwise  concerning  the 
Ruins  of  this  Tower ^  which  contrast  strangely  with  the  "good  condition" 
of  the  rest  of  the  present  edifice.  Its  foundations,  however,  are  entire ; 
and  enough  remains  to  show,  that  it  was  one  of  the  circular  Towers  by 
no  means  unconmion  in  Norfolk  and  Suffolk ;  enough  to  determine  also 
its  circumference  and  thickness  of  the  walls. 

In  many  Parishes,  the  restoration  of  such  a  Tower  might  be  easily 
effected,  its  original  style  being  fortunately  the  least  expensive  of  any : 
but  in  the  Parish  of  Belton,  there  are  no  resident  Landowners  (excepting 
a  few  of  very  humble  means),  while  even  the  Occupiers  are,  with  very  few 
exceptions,  of  a  class  too  humble  to  admit  of  their  contributing  anything 
effective.  The  "  Society  for  Building^  .Repairing,  and  Enlarging  Churches 
and  Chapels  "  have,  it  is  only  reasonable  to  suppose,  too  many  demands  on 
them  in  cases  where  the  more  important  objects  of  new  Churches,  or 
additional  Church  Accommodation  is  required,  to  enable  them  with  any 


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justice  to  contribute  to  the  simple  restoration  of  a  Tower.  This  valuable 
source  of  assistance  then,  being  unavailable,  it  has  been  thought  that  an 
Appeal  may  not  be  made  in  vain,  either  to  the  Members  of  the  several 
Societies  now  existing  for  the  especial  purpose  of  promoting  the  study  of 
Church  Architecture  and  encouraging  Church  Restorations  in  a  pure  and 
proper  style,  or  to  other  persons  interested  in  those  pursuits  and  improve- 
ments ;  while  no  small  encouragement  has  already  been  given  to  the  hope, 
that  some  of  those  who  reside  in  the  vicinity,  though  wholly  unconnected 
with  the  parish,  may  be  willing  to  assist  in  restoring  an  ornamental  and 
conspicuous  feature  in  the  Landscape.  In  this  respect  it  possesses  the 
greater  public  interest  from  the  peculiarly  prominent  position  of  the 
Church,  commanding  a  view  of  a  circumference  of  more  than  forty-five 
miles. 

It  will  be  observed,  that  this  Appeal  is  only  made  in  the  absence  of  all 
other  sufficient  means  of  effecting  the  object  in  view.  It  will  necessarily 
find  its  way  to  the  hands  of  many  unable  or  unwilling  to  listen  to  it :  but 
it  may  be  hoped  that  it  will  also  find  its  way  to  the  hands  of  some  equally 
blest  with  the  means  and  the  inclination  to  contribute  towards  the  resto- 
tion  of  the  Tower  of  a  Churchy  beautiful  otherwise  in  its  style  and  archi- 
tectural proportions. 

As  some  guarantee  (satisfactory  to  distant  Subscribers)  for  the  erection 
of  a  Tower  in  correct  taste  and  style,  the  circular  Tower  of  a  Church  of 
the  same  date,  in  a  parish  immediately  adjoining,  justly  regarded  as  a  very 
perfect  specimen  of  that  description,  will  be  made  the  pattern  and  strictly 
followed  throughout. 

The  entire  Estimaie  of  the  Expenoe  (including  the  removal  of  a  wooden 
Belfry^  which  is  at  present  erected  over  and  greatly  disfigures  the  South 
Porch)  is  £360.  If  the  sum  collected  should  exceed  this  amount,  the 
excess  will  be  employed,  in  the  first  place,  to  supply  iwo  more  Beils  (there 
being  at  present  one  onfy)  and  thus  make  up  the  usual  complement  of  a 
Village  Ohtrch  Belfry;  and,  in  the  next,  to  other  Restorations  in  the 
same  Church.  In  any  case,  a  Circular  will  in  due  time  be  sent  to  the 
SuhecriberSf  containing  a  Liet  of  their  Names  with  the  amount  of  their 
Suheeripiionst  and  an  Account  in  detail  of  the  Expenditure,  audited  by 
the  Rural  Dean  of  the  District  in  which  tiie  Church  is  situate ;  a  copy  of 
which  on  parchment  will  also  be  deposited  with  the  other  Parish  Records. 
In  the  mean  time,  every  Donation  will  be  specially  and  immediately 
acknowledged. 


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PRESENT  SUBSCRIBERS. 

The  Lord  Bishop  of  Nobwich  (witii  whose  knowledge 

and  sanction  this  Appeal  is  made) 
Rev.  T.  G.  F.  Howes,  Rector  of  Belton 
Lord  Boston 

Rer.  F.  Salt,  P.  C.  of  St.  Mary's,  Southtown 
Thomas  Morse,  Esq.,  Blundeston 
Charles  Cory,  Esq.,  Burgh  Castle 
Richard  Ferrier,  Esq.,  Burgh  Castle 
Rev.  J.  H.  North,  Incumbent  of  Trinity  Chordi,  Qreenwich 
John  Baker,  Esq.,  Browston  HaU 
Robert  Hansell,  Esq.,  Close,  Norwich     ... 
S.  M.  Peto,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Somerleyton  Hall 
Benjamin  Dowson,  Esq. 
Rev.  H.  Howes,  Rector  of  Barton,  Stokefeiry 
Joseph  Harper,  Esq. 
G.  W.  Foley,  Esq.,  Boxted  Hall 
Magdalen  College,  Oxford 
Mr.  Charles  Sloman,  Yarmouth 
Rev.  Charles  Howes,  Dulwich  College    ... 
Rev.  6.  C.  Smith,  Rector  of  Denver 
Mrs.  Nesbitt,  North  Quay,  Gt.  Yarmouth 
Dawson  Turner,  Esq.,  f.b.s.,  f.s.a.,  &c.  &c. 
Rev.  J.  F.  Cleaver,  Great  Coxwell,  Farringdon 


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{Turnover,) 


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SuBSCBiPTiONS  may  be  paid  to  any  of  the  under- mentioned  Gentlemen, 
who  have  most  kindly  consented  to  receive  any  Sums  with  which  they 
may  be  entrusted  in  behalf  of  the  object  of  this  Circular,  viz. : — 

LONDON Thos.  Amyot,  Esq.,  f.s.a.,  &c.,  13,  James  Street,  St. 

James's  Park. 
Edwabd  Howes,  Esq.,  21,  Lincoln's  Inn,  Old  Square; 

and  17,  York  Street,  Portman  Square. 
Rev.  Chables  Howes,  Fellow  of  Dulwich  College. 

OXFORD Ret.  E.  H.  Hansell,  b.d..  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College. 

Rev.  C.  p.  Eden,  m.a..  Fellow  of  Oriel  College. 
CAMBRIDGE    Rev.  G.  Maddison,  Vicar  of  All  Saints. 

Ret.  R.  a.  Rackham,  Fellow  of  Jesus  College. 
NORWICH...    Rev.  Righabd  Habt,  m.a.,  Vicar  \  Secretaries  to 

of  Catton,  and  |  the  Norfolk  ^  Norwich 

Henby  Habeod,  Esq.,  the  Close,/   Archaolo^ical  Society. 
R.  G.  P.  MiNTY,  Esq.,  St.  Giles's  Street. 
Robebt  Hansell,  Esq.,  Lower  Close. 
YARMOUTH    Dawson  Tubneb,  Esq.,  p.b.s.,  f.s.a.,  &c.,  &c. 

Chables  Coby,  Esq.,  Solicitor,  Gaol  Street;  and  Burgh 

Castle. 
John  Bakeb,  Esq.  Solicitor,  Queen  Street;  andBrowston 
HaU,  Belton. 

Also,  Ret.  C.  Gbben,  Rural  Dean,  Rector  of  Burgh  Castle, 
Great  Yarmouth. 
Ret.  F.  Salt,  Perpetual  Curate  of  St.  Mary's,  South, 
town.  Great  Yarmouth,  &c. 

Or  hy  Orders  on  the  Post-Office  at  Great  Yarmouth,  payahle  to  the 
Rev,  Francis  Howes, 


^  Copies  of  this  Circular  (with  an  Etching),  enclosed  in  Postage  En- 
velopes, requiring  only  to  be  sealed  and  directed,  will  be  gladly 
forwarded,  free  of  postage,  (on  application  to  the  Ret.  F.  Howes, 
Belton  Rectory,  Oreat  Yarmouth)  to  any  who  may  feel  themselTCs  able 
and  disposed,  by  their  Circulation,  to  promote  the  object  in  view. 


0HABLB8  MUBKETT,   FBIKTBR,   OLD  HAYKABKBT,    NOBWICB. 


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•  • »     ft 


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FIGURE   OF   THE   LAW 

FROM   YORK   CATHEDRAL, 

AND 

ANCIENT  STONE  COFFIN.LD  AND  COIUMN  FROM  DUEHAM. 

COMMUNICATBO  BT 

DAWSON  TURNER,  ESQ.,  V.P. 


Our  honorary  member.  Sir  Francis  Palgrave,  in  his  no  less 
amusing  than  instructive  volume,  the  Merchant  and  Friar y 
tells  us  that  some  five  hundred  years  ago,  during  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.,  the  council-chamber  of  the  Palace  of  West- 
minster was  richly  decorated  with  sculpture  and  paintings^ 
"  many  of  them  symbolical  or  allegorical,  and  belonging  to  a 
class  which  sometimes  strangely  perplexes  the  antiquary, 
until  he  learns  to  read  the  mystic  lore  displayed  to  every 
observer,  and  yet  concealed.  Here  might  be  seen  the  Law 
under  the  semblance  of  a  Queen,  her  crown  falling  from  her 
tresses:  a  thick  veil  covers  her  downcast  eyes:  the  broken 
tables  drop  from  her  grasp.  Opposite,  is  the  emblem  of  the 
Gospel,  a  maiden  brightly  looking  heavenwards,  her  head 
endiademed,  the  budding  lily  in  her  hand.  These  occur  in 
the  deep  recesses  of  the  windows :  the  wall  between  them 
displays  the  legendary  tale  of  Solomon  and  Marcolphus,  a 
fiction  possibly  rabbinical  in  its  origin,  and  recounting  the 
trials  which  the  wisdom  of  the  monarch  ^juslair^^d  from  the 
rude  mother-wit  of  Syrian  husbandmcji.  '^'  Ovor- ihe*  iferbiie! 
reserved  for  the  king  was  a  representj^ti^l.  bf  the^  Day.  of 
Judgment.  But  the  portal  opening  intb  tlie  chapiel  had  ik)^ 
other  ornament,  exceptbg  a  vine  springing  from  the  impost 

H 


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88 

of  the  door,  spread  around,  richly  filling  and  most  grace- 
fully entwining  every  moulding  and  columnette  with  its 
flowing  branches,  its  tendrils,  its  fruit,  and  its  leaves.  Each 
of  these  embeUishmeats  taught  a  lesson  connected  with  the 
purposes  to  which  the  building  was  applied.  It  was  the 
custom  of  the  mediaeval  architects  thus  to  appeal  to  the 
imagination,  sometimes  to  the  conscience,  in  the  decoration  of 
their  edifices,  by  which  they  gave  a  degree  of  sentiment  to 
their  structures  which  the  modems  cannot  attain.  Allegory 
constitutes  the  intellectuality  of  the  aesthetic  arts ;  but  it  is 
wholly  alien  to  the  multitude  in  our  own  age.  We  have  no 
means  whereby  it  can  be  vernacular.  None  of  the  forms, 
none  of  the  graphic  symbols  which  we  can  beg  or  borrow, 
ever  become  naturalised.  We  may  be  clever  mocking-birds, 
but  we  have  no  song  of  our  own." 

I  have  transcribed  the  passage  at  length,  sure  that  such  of 
our  members  as  are  unacquainted  with  the  original  will  be 
glad  to  have  it  set  before  them ;  and  equally  sure  that  those 
who  are  diflferently  situated  will  be  thankful  that  it  should  be 
recalled  to  their  memory.  "  Indocti  discant  et  ament  memi- 
nisse  periti."  For  the  present  purpose  it  would  have  sufficed 
to  have  confined  myself  to  the  first  of  the  figures  which  he 
mentions,  and  which,  in  another  part  of  his  book,  p.  12,  he 
states  to  have  been  among  the  ornaments  of  the  cloisters  of 
Norwich,  as  well  as  of  the  Cathedrals  at  York  and  Rochester, 
the  Lieb-Frau  Kirche  at  Treves,  and  the  Stadt-house  at 
Nimeguen.  In  our  own  county,  I  fear,  it  is  no  longer  to  be 
seen ;  but  the  fact  of  its  having  ever  been  there  made  me  re- 
cognize the  same  subject  with  great  pleasure  at  York,  in  the 
course  of  a  journey  to  the  North  with  my  daughter,  Mrs. 
Gunp,.  l^st  Aug^uJ:/  ••It  was  painted  on  a  board,  then  lying 
bu'*dw:gsovmd ;  having*  in  consequence  of  recent  alterations, 
b^e^^torn  ftpiilt^epdace  it  previously  occupied  in  the  ceiling 
m  IKat  remar]^able*btiilding,  the  Chapter  House,  which  bears 
upon  its  door  the  merited  eulogium,  "  ut  rosa  fios  florum,  sic 


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89 

est  domus  ista  domorum."  The  slight  sketch  I  enclose  may, 
therefore,  I  trust  be  acceptable.  It  will  serve  for  a  memorial 
of  what  we  could  once  show  in  Norfolk;  and  I  shall  be  happy 
if  the  Society  should  think  it  on  this  account  deserving  of  a 
place  in  their  volumes. 

On.  the  following  day  we  met  with  the  stone  Coffin-lid  and 
Column,  of  which  I  also  send  outline  sketches,  and,  I  own, 
with  the  same  hope.    The  former  of  these  occurred  to  us  in  the 
burial-ground  of  Durham  Cathedral,  among  many  of  an  inter- 
esting character ;  and  it  is,  if  my  memory  be  correct,  unlike 
any  of  the  great  variety  figured  in  the  Sepulchral  Monuments. 
The  Cow  at  the  foot  of  the  Cross  at  once  attracted  our 
notice ;  so  obvious  appeared  the  inference  that  the  sculpture 
could  scarcely  fail  to  refer  to  the  legend  which  assigned  its 
present  locality  to   the   sacred  building.     Dogs,  lions,  and 
different  animals,  emblematical  of  fidelity,  strength,  courage, 
&c.,  we  know  to  be  commonly  found  in  a  sinylar  position ; 
but  how,  except  by  such  reference,  could  we  account  for  a 
cow?    The  curious  tradition  is  detailed  at  much  length  in 
Hutchinson's  History  of  Durham;  and  Davies,  in  his  edition 
of  the  Anttent  Bites  and  Monuments  of  the  Cathedral^  relates 
it  with  more  terseness  and  naivete.     From  this  latter,  there- 
fore, are  mainly  gathered  the  following  particulars,  requisite 
to  throw  light  upon  the  sculpture.     When  the  Danes  in  the 
ninth  century  ravaged  Holy  Island  and  destroyed  the  church 
of  Lindisfam,  the  depository  of  the  remains  of  St.  Cuthbert, 
Eardulph,  the  bishop,  attended  by  many  of  the  monks  and 
inhabitants,  fled  southward,  carrying  with  them  this  their 
most  precious  possession.     They  wandered   and  wandered, 
till,  finding  no  rest  for  the  soles  of  their  feet,  they  determined 
to  cross  the  sea,  hoping  to  meet  with  that  repose  and  safety 
in  Ireland,  which  seemed  denied  them  at  home.     But  storms 
and   tempests,  accompanied  with  fearful  portents,  forbade 
their  passage;  and  they  returned,  disheartened  and  irresolute 
what  course  to  take,  till,  by  a  fresh  interposition  from  above, 

h2 


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"a  red  horse  came  running  towards  them,  and  did  oflfer 
himself  to  be  bridled,  and  to  ease  their  pains  by  carrying 
the  chest  wherein  St.  Cuthbert's  body  was  laid."  Thus 
aided  and  comforted,  they  transported  their  charge  to  Craike 
near  Easingwold,  and,  after  a  residence  there  of  four  months, 
proceeded  to  Chester-le-Street,  where  King  Guthred  built 
them  a  Cathedral.  Here  they  remained  111  years ;  at  the 
expiration  of  which  time  another  incursion  of  their  former 
enemies  occasioned  another  flight,  and  they  sought  refuge 
in  Bipon.  The  war  soon  ceasing,  they  thought  to  return  to 
Chester,  but  had  proceeded  no  further  than  Wardlaw  in  their 
way  thither,  when  on  a  sudden  the  body  became  immoveable : 
it  was  wedded,  as  it  were,  to  its  mother  earth,  and  all  human 
efforts  were  powerless  towards  effecting  a  removal.  It  were 
injustice  to  my  author  not  to  allow  him  to  relate  the  sub- 
sequent part  of  the^  story  in  his  own  words :  '*  This  strange 
and  unexpected  accident,"  he  says,  "  wrought  great  admira- 
tion in  the  hearts  of  the  Bishop's  monks  and  their  associates ; 
and,  ergo,  they  fasted  and  prayed  three  days  with  great 
reverence  and  devotion,  desiring  to  know  by  revelation  what 
they  should  do  with  the  holy  body  of  St.  Cuthbert :  which 
thing  was  granted  unto  them,  and  therein  they  were  directed 
to  carry  him  to  Dunholme.  But  being  distressed  because 
they  were  ignorant  where  Dunholme  was,  see  their  good 
fortune !  As  they  were  going,  a  woman  that  lacked  her  cow, 
did  call  aloud  to  her  companion  to  know  if  she  had  not 
seen  it,  who  answered  with  a  loud  voice  that  her  cow  was 
in  Dunholme,  a  happy  and  heavenly  echo  to  the  distressed 
monks,  who  by  that  means  were  at  the  end  of  their  journey; 
for  there  they  should  find  a  resting-place  for  the  body  of 
their  honored  saint."  At  Dunholme  accordingly  they  in- 
terred him,  nothing  reluctant;  and  over  his  grave  they 
erected  first  a  small  church,  and  subsequently  a  splendid 
cathedral.  The  historian  proceeds  to  relate,  how,  in  the 
construction  of  the  latter,  Aldwinus,  the  then  bishop,  and 


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Bronulpli  Flambard^  in  conformity  with  the  instructions  of 
William  Carliphe,  the  founder,  placed  '^  the  portraiture  of  a 
milkmaid  milking  her  cow  on  the  outside  of  the  north-west 
turret  of  the  Nine  Altars,  in  thankful  remembrance  of  that 
maid,  who  so  fortunately,  in  their  great  perplexity,  directed 
them  to  the  appointed  spot,  where  the  body  of  their  great 
saint  was  to  rest  until  the  jesurrection ;  and  this  monument, 
though  defaced  by  the  weather,  is  there  to  be  seen  to  the 
present  day."  There  too  the  same  is  to  be  seen  in  our  own 
day ;  but  not  in  the  defaced  and  mutilated  state  in  which  it  is 
described  by  the  editor  of  the  Mites  and  MonumhntSy  and  is 
figured  by  Hutchinson ;  for  the  zeal  and  piety  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  have  replaced  it  with  modem  sculpture. 

The  Column  is  an  object  that  seems  to  call  for  no  other 
observation  than  that  it  is  remarkable  for  the  obvious  anti- 
quity displayed  in  the  sculpture  as  well  of  the  capital  as  of 
the  shaft,  and  is  deserving  of  notice  as  one  of  three,  the  only 
specimens  now  left  of  the  architecture  of  the  Chapter  House, 
denominated  by  Carter,  in  the  Gentleman* s  Magazine  for  1809, 
p.  S3,  as  "a  relic  of  superb  Saxon  workmanship,"  and  by  the 
learned  historian  of  North  Durham,  in  his  Brief  Account  of 
Durham  Cathedral,  p.  108,  as  '*  unique  in  its  architecture, 
venerable  for  its  age,  and  associated  with  the  history  of  the 
See  more  than  any  other  part  of  the  Cathedral."  But  these 
are  points  upon  which  it  would  be  out  of  place  here  to  offer 
any  remarks ;  and  still  more  so  would  it  be  to  touch  upon 
the  former  glories  of  the  building,  upon  the  much  interesting 
matter  connected  with  it,  as  recorded  in  the  book  of  the 
Rites  and  Monuments,  or  upon  the  motives  and  details  of  its 
destruction.  The  last  was  an  "  abomination  of  desolation," 
which,  far  as  Durham  is  removed  from  Norfolk,  all  the  mem- 
bers of  our  Society  will  join  in  lamenting;  and  of  the  first 
some  slight,  very  slight,  idea  may  be  formed  by  what  is  here 
offered  to  their  notice. 


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LETTER  FROM  SECRETARY  WALSINGHAM 
Co  tl&e  2.ort  Crea0ttt:et, 

DBSI&INO  HIK  TO  PROKOTB  TBB  BEBOTIMO  OF 

A  HOUSE  OF  REFORMATION  IN  NORFOLK  FOR  VAGABONDS 
AND  OTHERS;   WITH  A  BILL  ENCLOSED  : 

From  the  Lansdoume  Mantueripts  in  the  British  Muacum,  No.  18,  art.  97. 

COMMUNICATED  BY 

SIR  HENRY   ELUS,   K.H. 
^rinci))al  Xibtarian  of  ^t  l^xitisii  J^itsetiin. 


The  following  very  curious  document  affords  a  remarkable 
exemplification  of  the  ethos  of  the  Elizabethan  age,  being 
one  of  the  experiments  made  during  the  establishment  of  the 
existing  system  of  the  Poor  Laws.  From  the  first  concoction 
of  that  system,  the  legislature  seemed  unable  to  discriminate 
between  poverty  and  crime ;  and  every  measure  intended  for 
the  relief  of  the  poor  was  envenomed  by  harshness.  The 
system,  however,  was  embodied  in  the  reign  of  Edward  VI. 
by  the  conversion  of  the  Royal  Palace  of  Bridewell,  which 
had  been  the  residence  of  several  of  the  English  monarchs, 
even  as  early  as  King  John,  into  a  place  of  correction  for 
vagabonds  of  each  sex  and  all  denominations.  The  building 
had  fallen  into  decay;  and  the  citizens  of  London  accordingly 
petitioned  the  King's  Council,  in  1552,  praying  that  it  might 
be  **  granted  to  them  as  a  house  of  occupations,  wherein,  as 
well  the  child  when  he  is  brought  up  and  grown  to  years,  and 
found  unapt  to  learning,  neither  any  honest  person  desireth 
or  would  have   his   service,  may  there   be   exercised   and 


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occupied ;  as  also  the  sore  and  sick  when  they  be  cured, 
who  shall  not  be  suffered  to  wander  as  vagabonds  in  the 
commonwealth,  as  they  have  been  accustomed,  but  shall 
there  be  exercised.  And  unto  this  shall  be  brought  the 
sturdy  and  idle ;  and  likewise  such  prisoners  as  are  quit  at 
the  sessions,  that  there  they  may  be  set  to  labour."  The 
citizens  at  the  same  time  more  particularly  detail  the  use 
they  hoped  to  derive  from  the  establishment,  stating  their 
intention,  that,  "  in  this  house  shall  be  erected  sundry  occupa- 
tions, wherein  shall  be  trained  all  the  former  sorts  of  people, 
and  those  occupations  shall  be  such  as  may  be  profitable  to  all 
the  King's  Majesty's  subjects,  and  hurtful  to  none :  as  the 
making  of  caps,  which  shall  be  made  as  good,  as  well  dressed 
and  died,  and  more  substantial  than  any  are  made  in  France  ; 
and  yet  shall  be  afforded  at  as  low  a  price,  or  lower,  than 
the  French  caps  are,  for  there  shall  scarcely  so  much  gain  or 
profit  be  taken  of  their  labours  as  shall  countervail  their 
charges  and  expenses.  Also  the  weaker  sort  of  people,  that 
is  to  say,  such  as  are  lame  of  legs  and  whole  of  hands,  shall 
be  occupied  in  making  feather-bed  ticks,  wool-cards,  drawing 
of  wire,  spinning,  carding,  knitting,  and  winding  of  silk,  and 
other  profitable  devices;  and  the  stubborn  and  fouler  sort 
shall  be  exercised  in  making  of  nails  and  other  iron  work, 
even  such  sorts  as  are  not  made  within  any  part  of  this 
realm."  Bridewell  hence  became  the  model  prison  through- 
out England ;  and  the  establishment  of  it  was  followed  by 
the  Act  18  Eliz.  cap.  S  (1575-6),  whereby  the  justices  were 
empowered  to  establish  houses  of  correction,  in  which  the 
poor  and  the  rogue,  both  being  invariably  associated  by 
Elizabeth's  legislation,  were  set  to  work ;  and  the  House  of 
Reformation  at  Acle  seems  to  have  been  a  voluntary  establish- 
ment, in  anticipation  of  those  which  were  shortly  afterwards 
sanctioned  by  Parliament.  Crafty  Walsingham  observes,  that 
the  house  was  opposed  by  those  who  disliked  that  any  good 
work  should  be  done  in  the  time  of  the  Gospel;  and  it  is 


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therefore  obvious  that  one  object  intended  to  be  effected,  was 
the  discouragement  of  the  feelings  in  favour  of  '*  Papistry," 
which  so  long  lurked  and  lingered  in  Norfolk ;  and  that  the 
austere  relief  afforded  by  the  House  of  Reformation  was  to 
compensate  for  the  former  charities  of  the  monasteries.  The 
monthly  meetings  of  the  Governors  constituted  a  species  of 
irregular  petty  sessions, — jovial,  social,  legal  and  illegal, — 
tending  very  much  to  consolidate  the  interests  of  the  higher 
classes,  by  bringing  the  gentry  and  substantial  yeomanry  into 
contact.  The  most  amusing  portion,  perhaps,  is  the  scene 
after  dinner,  the  offenders  brought  up  by  the  constable  as  the 
dessert.  A  document  somewhat  analogous  has  been  printed 
by  Sir  F.  M.  Eden,  in  his  History  of  the  Poor^  (III.  App. 
No.  XXX.)  being  the  Regulations  of  the  House  of  Correc- 
tion at  Bury. 


**  My  verry  good  Lord,  I  sende  your  Lordship  hereinclosed 
the  note  delyvered  unto  me  touching  the  house  of  reforma- 
tyon  lately  erected  at  Acle  in  Norfolke ;  as  also  a  coppye  of 
a  letter  drawen  to  that  purpose,  that  sooche  as  are  favorers  of 
this  good  worke  desyre  to  be  sent  from  my  Lords  to  the 
cheffe  of  that  shire ;  for  I  founde  of  them  whoe  mysleeke 
that  any  good  woorke  shoold  be  don  in  the  tyme  of  the 
Gospell,  do  secretly  spume  at  yt.  Yt  were  great  pyttye  that 
an  act,  so  necessarye  and  so  full  of  pyetye,  shoold  lacke  any 
furtherance  or  contenaimce  that  may  be  gyven  yt.  Oure 
dayes  brynge  foorthe  fewe  of  them :  yt  were  therefor  great 
•pyttie  that  thos  fewe  shoold  quayle  for  lacke  of  the  counte- 
naunce  of  thos  whoes  authoryte  is  bounde  to  maynteyne  all 
Christyan  and  honest  actyons.  Yt  may  pleash'  your  Lord- 
ship therefor  (after  some  necessarye  correctyon  given  to  the 
inclosed  draught)  to  yeald  youre  favorable  fortheraunce  unto 


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the  same.  And  so^  leayyng  forther  to  troble  your  Lordship^ 
I  most  humbly  take  my  leave.  At  Batterseye,  the  xxv***  of 
Decembre,  1674. 

"  Y'  L.  to  command^ 

*^Fra.  Walsyngham. 

*'  To  the  right  honorable  and 
my  verie  good  lord  the  L. 
Threasurer." 


The  Cawses  and  Mannor  of  the  Metinge  at  Acle 
in  Norff, 

First  ther  is  bought  a  howse  at  the  chardges  of  the  lymitts 
adjoyning^  wher,  after  the  manner  of  a  Bridewell,  ther  is  ap- 
pointed bothe  worke  and  ponnishment  for  such  idle  laborers, 
stubbome  servants,  vagabond  roges,  and  other  disordered 
people,  as  were  wonte  to  annoye  those  partes. 

Upon  the  Wednesday,  beinge  market  day  ther,  the  Bys- 
shoppe,  with  certan  gentlemen  and  chief  yomen  therabouts, 
do  mete  once  in  thre  wekes  or  a  moneth,  at  ix  of  the  clocke, 
when  they  firste  repare  to  the  church  ther  and  spend  one 
howre  in  prayer  and  preachinge,  the  chief  effect  wherrof  is 
to  perswade  love,  obedience,  amitie,  concorde,  &c. 

That  done,  they  returne  to  ther  inne,  wher  they  dyne 
together  at  ther  own  charges,  observinge  the  lawe  for  Wed- 
nesday: in  the  meane  while,  betweene  sermone  ended  and 
dynner,  they  go  to  the  said  howse  of  Bridwell  to  consider 
and  examyne  howe  all  things  ther  ar  provided  and  ordered ; 
as  well  for  ther  due  punisshment  and  reasonable  worke,  as. 
for  ther  meate  and  necessaryes,  without  which  often  sight  and 
overseinge  the  said  howse  and  orders  wold  come  quicklie  to 
nothing. 

After  dynner,   if  any  chief  constable  ther  prove  of  any 


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disorder  or  misdemenor  within  ther  hundreds,  redresse 
wherof  belongeth  to  the  Justices  of  Peace,  which  els  wold 
require  the  said  constables  fiirther  travile  to  some  justice's 
howse,  if  he  will  complaine  of  it  ther,  the  offender  is  eyther 
openly  punished,  or  other  order  taken  as  the  cawse  requircth. 
And  if,  besides  all  this,  ther  be  anye  private  controversies 
betwene  pore  neighbours,  whereof  the  hundred  courte  had 
wonte  to  be  full,  they  bestowe  the  rest  of  the  day  in  intreat- 
inge  them  to  peace  one  with  another,  by  accorde  between 
themselves,  or  by  arbytrament  of  ther  neareste  neighbours. 
So  that  nowe  in  some  hole  hundreds  ther  is  scarcely  one  of 
those  unneighbourly  quarrclls  and  suetes  founde. 


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iSxtxattfi  ftom  Wiillfi, 

PRB8BRTBD 

IN  THE  MUNIMENT  ROOM  AT  STOWE  BARDOLPH. 

COXXUICXCATBD  BT 

THE  REV.  GEORGE  HENRY  BASHWOOD,  FA.S. 

3n  a  %itUt 

TO  DAWSON  TURNER,  ESQ.,  V.P. 


My  dear  Sir, 

The  interesting  extracts  from  Norfolk  Wills  given 
in  our  first  yolome  indaced  me  to  look  over  a  number  of 
Wills  preserved  among  the  muniments  at  Stowe ;  and  I  have 
now  the  pleasure  of  sending  some  Extracts  from  them  for  the 
inspection  of  the  Committee,  and  with  the  hope  that  they  may 
deem  them  worthy  of  being  printed. 

Our  able  secretary,  Mr.  Harrod,  hasso  judiciously  prefaced 
his  similar  Extracts  as  to  l^ave  little  to  be  said  on  the  present 
occasion;  since,  in  their  general  features,  the  Wills  here 
transcribed  accord  with  those  already  printed:  nevertheless 
they  differ  in  some  respects,  and  many  expressions  in  them 
do  not  occur  in  Mr.  Harrod's  series. 

To  the  genealogist,  WiUs  are  of  the  utmost  service,  and 
the  source  of  the  most  authentic  information ;  the  statements 
of  our  county  historians,  and  even  of  the  "  Heralds'  Visita- 
tions," not  being  always  to  be  depended  upon.  With  this 
view,  therefore,  the  mention  of  relatives  in  many  cases  has 
been  noted.     The  Wills  are  generally  accompanied  by  their 


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98 

probates ;  but  in  some  instances  they  are  only  office-copies. 
They  appear  to  have  come  into  the  possession  of  the  Hare 
family  with  the  title-deeds  of  various  purchased  lands. 

I  am,  my  dear  Sir, 

Yours  very  truly, 

G.  H.  Dashwood. 


Ralph  de  KetiisUme.     a.d.  1321. 

Corpus  meum  ad  sepeliendum  inter  firatres  prsedicatores 
Lennse.  Item,  lego  summo  altari  ecclesise  Sanctse  Margaretae 
Lennse  pro  decimis  meis  oblitis  xxx5.  Item,  fabricse  ejusdem 
ecclesiae  iJ5.  Item,  Carnario*  ejusdem  ecclesise  iJ5.  Item, 
lego  fabrics  ecclesiae  Sancti  Nicholai  Lennse  iJ5.  Item, 
&bric8e  ecclesiae  Sancti  Jacobi  Lennse  ij«.,  &c. 

Makes  bequests  to  the  Friars  Preachers,  Minors,  Carmelites, 
and  Augustines  of  Lynn  .  .  to  the  Hospital  of  St.  Mary 
Magdalen  at  Lynn.  To  the  fabric  of  the  church  and  the 
poor  of  Ketlistone. 

Mentions  his  brother  John,  and  his  (John's)  children  by 
his  first  wife.  His  own  sisters  Amicia,  Beatrix,  Matilda, 
and  Cecilia,  .  .  GeofiEry,  son  of  John  de  Ketlistone  and 
Margaret  his  sister,  to  whom  he  gives  xx5.  and  one  silver 
cup  with  a  foot,  &c.  .  .  Item,  lego  ad  expensum  die 
sepultursB  mese  l".  Item,  lego  ad  ij  annuales  celebrandas 
pro  anima  mea  in  viUa  Lennse,  secundum  ordinacionem 
executorum  meorum,  uti  melius  viderint  expedire,  vj".  Item, 
lego  ThomsB  filio  meo  iiij  libras.  Item,  Agneti  de  Westacre 
iij^  et  cameram  meam  integram  cum  j  pecia  argenti. 

Thomas  and  Agnes,  residuary  legatees;  Thomas  to  be 
under  the  care  of  his  executors  till  of  age. 

*  Carnarimn,  Coemeterium. 


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£xecutors :  Thomas  de  Melcheboume,  Geoffry  de  Mmnby, 
and  Agnes  de  Westacre. 

Datum  apud  Lennam  Episcopi  Anno  Domini  m®ccc® 
vicesimo  primo. 

[The  K'etlistones  were  wealthy  burgesses  of  Lynn.  Ralf  de 
Ketlistone  held  the  Manor  of  Bumham  Hall,  in  Fincham  and 
Stradset ;  Agnes,  his  widow,  had  a  life-interest  in  it,  and,  in  the 
20th  Edw.  III.,  granted  the  same  unto  John,  son  of  Adam  de 
Fincham.  By  Indenture  dated  22  Edw.  III.  John  de  Fincham 
grants  and  demises  the  said  manor  to  Agnes  and  Thomas  de  Ket- 
listone for  the  term  of  their  lives ;  and,  soon  after,  it  was  alto- 
gether in  John  de  Fincham.] 


Gilbert  Haultoft,    a.d.  1457. 

Ego,  Gilbertus  Haultoft  de  Outwell,  sance,  &c.  .  .  et 
corpus  meum  ad  sepeliendum  infra  sacrum  locum,  ubi  Deo 
placuerit.  Item,  volo  quod  Margareta,  uxor  mea,  habeat, 
durante  vita,  omnia  maneria,  terras,  tenementa,  &c.,  quae 
habeo,  &c.,  in  villa  de  Outwell,  Upwell,  Elme,  Wisebeche, 
Leverington  et  Emneth,  tarn  in  comitatu  Cant :  quam  in  com. 
Norf :  si  ipsa  sola  sine  marito  manserit,  &c.  .  .  ita  quod 
ipsa  honeste  custodiret  Aliciam  et  Alienoram,  filias  mcas,  et 
ipsas  maritaverit,  et  invencrit  unum  capellanum  idoneum, 
annuatim,  per  x™  annos  proxime  sequentes  mortem  meam, 
ad  celebrandum  divina  in  ecclesia  sancti  dementis  in  Outwell 
pro  anima  mea,  et  animabus  Roberti  Hakebeche  mUitis,  et 
Johannis  Mitron,  et  omnium  benefactorum  meorum.  .  .  . 
Volo  quod  Alicia,  filia  mea,  habeat  post  mortem  dictsB 
MargaretoB,  uxoris  mese,  manerium  de  Budbech,  Vernonns  et 
Cristofts,  &c.  (failing  issue)  remaneant  AlienorsB  filiae,  &c. 
Et  si  omnes  filiarum  mearum  praedictarum  sine  haeredibus  dfe 
corporibus  suis  obierint,  tunc  prsedicta  maneria,  &c.  .  .  . 
remaneant  Elizabethae,  uxori  Thomae  Bennet  de  Pinchebecke, 
et  haeredibus,  &c.     .     .     Item,>olo   quod   Margareta,  filia 


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mea^  uxor  ThomsB  K6ryill>  habeat^  &c.^  manerium  de  Rich- 
mond et  omnia^  &c.     .     .     (in  a  special  case)     £xecutore8 
debent  cum  dictis  proficiis  invenire  annuatim^  durantibus  8^. 
annis^  unum  capelianum  idoneum  decima  in  ecclesia  parochiali 
de  Outwell  celebrare  pro  anima  mea  et  pro  animabns  Eoberti 
Hakebeche  militis^  Johannis  Mitron^  et  omnium  benefactorum 
meorum ;  ac  annuatim  custodire  diem  anniversarium  obitds 
mei  in  ecclesia  parochiali  praedicta^  distribuendo  annuatim 
dicto  die  x'  in  exequiis^  missis^  atque  pauperibus  ibidem  exist- 
entibus.    .    .    Item^  lego  quadraginta  marcas  ad  reparationem 
Ecclesise  de  Emneth  pro  anima  Eoberti  Hakebeche  militis ; 
et  lego  pro  anima  ejusdem  Koberti  cuilibet  capellano  generali 
ordinum  fratrum  Mendicantium  de  Lynne,  scilicet,  fratribus 
predicatorum  et  minorum  quinque  marcas,  eidem  per  Testa- 
mentum  dicti  Boberti  legatas,  cum  litera  fraternitatis  inde 
penes  me  remanente   apud  Wellis.     Item,  volo  quod  ex- 
ecutores  mei  faciant  de  novo  the  roof  of  Christofer  Chappie 
in  Outwell  [sic],  et  exaltent  muros  ejusdem  CapellsB  melius 
quam  nunc  est,  &c.     Item,  ordino,  &c.,  executores  meos, 
scilicet  W"'  Haultoft  senior,  W°  Breewode  de  Ely,  W°^  Clay 
Rector  EcclesisB  de  Outwell,  et  Cristofer  Halon  de  eadem;  ac 
rogo  Rogerum  Bucke  de  London,  esse  Supervisorem,  &c. 

[Proved  in  the  House  of  the  Friars  Carmelites  of  Aylesford, 
7  Oct.  A.D.  1458. 

Gilbert  Haltoft,  second  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  died  seized 
of  the  manors  of  Budbech  in  Outwell,  Christophers  in  Upwell, 
Vemons  in  Elme,  Lovells  in  Emneth,  and  Richmond  in  Wisbech 
and  Leverington.  Of  his  three  daughters  and  coheirs,  Margaret 
married  Thomas  Kervill,  Esq. ;  Alicia,  Thomas  Derham,  Esq. 
(by  whom  she  had  a  daughter,  Elizabeth,  married  to  John  Fin- 
cham,  Esq.)  ;  and  Alianor, Walpole,  Esq.] 

Eleanor  Wells,  of  Shuldham.     a.d.  1459. 

Be  it  remembrid  yat  y"  is  y*  last  wille  of  Elynoor  Wellys, 
of  Shuldham.     Yat  her  lond  in  y*  townys  of  Stratesettc  and 


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Crympilsam  be  30wyn  and  sewyrly  coiiBA&fd/to  y?  iiowse 
and  cowent  of  Seynt  Kateryns  of^  BlaEebergli,,  ufldyr.  Jh^ 
forme  yat  folowyth.  Yat  is  for  to^ey/.^het  iB*  yt  lyii^'tJfi  f^- 
life  of  y«  forseyde  Elynoor,  alle  y"  profite  of  y®  seyde  londys 
sal  remayne  to  y<*  use  and  disposisyon  of  y**  seyde  Elynoor. 
And  aftyr  her  disses  yane  y*  seyde  lends  w*  alle  y*  profits  to 
remayne  to  Ales  "Welles,  nowne  of  Blakebergli  forseyde,  and 
to  y®  cowent  of  y®  same  place :  yat  is  for  to  sey,  halff  to  y* 
seyde  Ales,  and  halff  to  y"  cowent  duryn^  y^  lyfe  of  y*  seyde 
Ales.  And  oflyr  her  disses  to  remayne  holy  to  y®  cowent. 
Mor^  ov  yJ*  is  y®  wille,  y*  yf  y*  p*oress  or  any  of  her  succes- 
sowrs,  or  any  y*  hav  rewle  in  y®  same  house  wol  alyon  y® 
seyde  lends  to  ony  odyr  ewse  but  onely  to  y*  cowent  forseyde 
for  ther  clothyng  and  oy^  thyngs  nedefull  to  ther  propyr  use, 
yane  sche  well  y*  y*  seyde  lends  ben  sold  be  the  executour 
and  tourneys  of  y®  seyde  Elyenoor,  and  y®  mony  ther  of 
comyng  be  30wyn  among  freyers  to  sin^  and  p*y  for  y®  sowle 
of  y*  seyde  Elyenoor  and  her  good  doerys. 

Wretyn  at  Schold^m  y®  Sext  day  of  the  monthe  of  Feverer, 
the  yere  of  owre  Lord,  a  thowsand  fowre  hudryd  and  fifty  and 
nyne. 

[The  will  is  indented,  with  small  seal  appended,  bearing  certain 

letters ;  apparently  the  letter  T,  and  above  it  the  letters  i.  h,  c] 

John  Hare^  of  Poringland  Magna,    a.d.  1460. 

Ego,  Johannes  Haar  de  Poringland  Magna,  &c.  Condo 
testamentum  meum,  &c.  .  .  Corpusque  meum  ad  sepe- 
liendum  in  ecclesia  parochiali  de  Poringland  prsedicta,  juxta 
tumulum  Margerise  uxoris  mese,  &c.  .  .  Executores  ordino 
facio  et  constituo  Eobertum  Haar  clericum,  Rectorem  ecclesise 
parochialis  de  Kirkebicane,  Nicholaum  Haar  filios  meos,  &c. 

[This  John  Haar  was  ancestor  of  the  family  of  Hare,  of  Stowe 
Bardolf ;  and  also»  I  am  strongly  inclined  to  believe,  Irom  papers 
found  in  the  Muniment  Room  at  Stowe,  of  the  Listowell  family.] 


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•   •  •  •  •• 

.*.  : ;  .•  ."Ifdf kolas  O^ton^  of  Fyncham.    a.d.  1477. 
•  •••••..  -  .•    :  :..:/.•.../ 

.     .    Ego,  Nicholas  Geyton,  &c.    .     .    Condo  testamentum 

meum,  &c.  .  .  Corpusque  meum  ad  sepeliendum  in  medio 
ecclesise  Sanctd  Martini  de  Fyncham.  .  .  Item,  lego  summo 
altari  ibidem  iJ5.  .  .  emendacioni  sive  reparacioni  ejusdem 
vj«.  viijrf.  .  .  ecclesisB  cathedrali  Sanctae  Trinitatis  Norwici 
yjef.  .  .  emendacioni  ecclesiae  Sanctee  Mariae  Magdalcnse 
de  Wigenhale  iiJ5.  iiijrf.  .  .  Katerinae  et  Agnetse,  filiis 
meis,  utrique  earum,  y.  Marcas,  &c.  .  .  Elizabeths,  filiae 
meae  xx«.     .     . 

'  Residuum  vero  bonorum,  &c.  .  .  Thomse,  filio  meo, 
quem  constituo  executorem  meum  ad  debita  mea  solvenda, 
legata  mea  perimplenda,  necnon  omnia  alia  pro  anima  mea  et 
animabus  omnium  benefactorum  meorum  facienda,  prout  ipsi 
videbitur  melius  Deo  placere  et  animae  meae  prodesse. 

Haec  est  ultima  voluntas  mei,  praefati  Nicholai  Geyton,  &c. 
.  .  .  Volo  quod  Thomas  filius  mens  habeat  totum  Mane- 
rium  meum,  vocatum  Littlewelle  halle  [in  Fincham]  cum,  &c. 
.  .  .  volo  quod  idem  Thomas  habeat  unam  vaccam  .  .  . 
Katcrina  filia  mea  habeat  unam  ollam  eneam  continentem  per 
estimationem  duos  gallones.  .  .  Agnes  filia  mea  habeat 
unam  parvam  ollam  eneam  continentem  per  estimationem 
unum  gallonem.  .  .  Item,  volo  quod  omnia  vasa  mea  de 
peutre  equaliter  dividantur  inter  praefatos  Thomam,  Katerinam, 
et  Agnetam. 

.  .  .  Eadem  Agnes  habeat  unam  juvencam  rubeam; 
Katerina  habeat  unum  blodium  *  bedcloth  de  set/  f  [sic]  unum 
bodex  et  duo  lintheanima.  Item,  volo  quod  praedicta  Agnes 
habeat   unum    coopertorium  rubrum   cum   albis   trayfullis  J 

•  Blood  Red. 

t  A  kind  of  serge,  a  cloth  principally  or  entirely  of  wool. 
X  Trayfullis,  pro  trifoliis  ?     Treffa  trifolium  (Ducange)  rpc^vXXov,  trifo- 
liuin ;  Powdered  with  white  trefoil. 


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unum  bodex  §  et  duo  lintheanima.     Item^  volo  quod  eadem 
Agnes  habeat  unum  pelvem  ||  de  peutre. 

Item,  &c.  unam  cistam  pictam.  .  .  Item,  volo  quod 
praedictus  Thomas  filius  mens  habeat  omnia  alia  necessaria  et 
utensilia  hospicii  mei. 

[Proved  at  Downham  before  the  official  of  the  Archdeacon  of 
Norfolk,  Dec.  12,  1478. 

Official  seal  appended :  imder  a  canopy  St.  Michael  smiting  the 
dragon;  below,  a  monk  in  the  act  of  prayer.  Legend  nearly 
defaced.] 

Michael  Haar^  of  Ditchingham.     a.d.  1487. 

I,  Michael  Haar,  of  Dechingha,  &c.  .  .  make  my  will 
and  testaiS  in  this  wise,  &c.  .  .  My  body  to  be  buried  in 
the  church  of  o^  Lady  in  Dechingha.  It.  I  bequeth  to  the 
high  Au?  for  my  tythes  forgotten  vJ5.  viijrf.  It.  for  broking 
y«  groud  for  my  grave  xx5.  It.  for  y^  repa%  &  sostentaco  of 
y«  same  church  xiiij  m*rc.  It.  to  Mawte  my  wiff  my  Ten*,  in 
Dechingham  w***  all  the  apputenances  till  W°*  Haar  my  sone 
be  xviij,  &c. 

Yf  y*  said  W"  die  w"*out  issue  of  his  body,  lawfully  begott, 
then  I  will  y*  Johanne  my  daughter  shall  have  and  enjoye  the 
saide  Ten*,  &c.  .  .  [Failing  issue  of  both  William  and 
Johanne,  the  tenement,  &c.  to  be  sold  by  the  executors]  and 
the  money  there  of  comyng  to  be  disposed  by  them  in  messis, 
singing,  and  in  almes  deeds  to  y«  most  plesure  of  Almighty  ^ 
God,  helth  and  salvation  of  my  soule  and  all  my  friends 
soules. 

It.  I  will  y*  y®  waie  be  made  fro  my  place  unto  y*'  stile 
callyd  Sardill  on  myn  owen  pp  costis. 

[Brother  of  Nicholas,  (whose  will,  dated  1492,  follows)  men- 
tioned in   the   will  of  John  Haar.     His  great  grand-daughter 

§  Bodez  qu.  Bodice,  or  a  mistake  for  lodiz,  a  sheet  or  blanket. 
II  Pelyis,  mensura  aridorum.    Pelves,  flaggons,  covered  pitchers  for  wine. 
{Teatammta  VeHuta.) 

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Etheldieda,  eventual  heiress  of  this  branch,  married  Thomas 
Hobart  of  Plumstead,  whence  descended  the  Earls  of  Bucking- 
hamshire.] 

John  KnappBy  of  Shouldham*     a.d.  1488. 

My  body  to  be  buried  in  the  cemetry  of  the  Church  of 
Saint  Margaret  the  Virgin,*  of  Shouldham.  .  .  I  give  to 
the  high  altar  of  the  said  church,  for  tythes  and  oblations 
forgotten,  xijrf.  .  .  for  the  repair  of  the  said  church 
yj«.  viijrf. 

I  will  that  Juliana  my  wife  have  my  capital  messuage  in 
which  I  dwell,  with  all  lands,  &c.  .  .  (remainder)  to  John 
my  son  and  his  heirs,  on  condition  that  he  pay  to  his  brothers 
Hugh  and  Thomas,  to  each  of  them,  five  pounds  of  money  of 
England,  &c. 

[Proved  at  Stow  before  the  oiEcial  of  the  Archdeacon  of  Nor- 
folk, June  10,  A.D.  1488.] 

Nicholas  Hare^  of  Homersjield.     a.d.  1492. 

.  .  Corpusque  meum  sepeliendum  in  cimetereo  ecclesiae 
beatae  MarisB  viginis  de  Homersfeld. 

Item,  do  et  lego  summo  altari  ecclesise  parochialis  de  Ho- 
mersfeld prcedicta  pro  decimis  oblitis  vj«.  viijc?.  Item,  do  et 
lego  summo  altari  ecclesiee  parochialis  Sancti  Georgii  dc 
Sundercrofte  pro  decimis  oblitis  xxef.  Item,  do  et  lego 
fabricse  et  reparation!  ejusdem  ecclesise  de  Sundercrofle  iij^. 
iiijef.  et  iiij  modios  brasii  et  duos  modios  frumenti.  Similar 
bequests  to  the  following  churches :  St.  Peter,  St.  Mary  of 
Flixton,  St.  Margaret,  St.  Nicholas,  St.  Michael,  All  Saints, 

•  The  site  of  St.  Margaret's,  ^hich  in  Blomefield's  time  was  unknown, 
has  lately  been  discoyered  in  lowering  a  hiU  in  a  field  adjoining  the  present 
church.  The  foundations  of  the  west  end  and  north  side  were  nearly  perfect. 
The  remains  of  yery  many  bodies  from  the  south  side  have  been  removed 
and  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  AU  Saints. 


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and  St  James,  all  in  South  Elmham,  and  also  to  the  churches 
of  Poringland  Magna,  Ditchingham,  and  Kirbycane. 

Item,  do  et  lego  cuilibet  curatorum  divina  celebrantium  in 
omnibus  prsedictis  ecclesiis,  et  omnibus  capellanis  celebrantibus 
divina  in  dictis  ecclesiis,  quatuor  denarios  ad  celebrandum  et 
dicendum  in  die  tricennali  pro  anima  mea  et  pro  animabus 
omnium  pro  quibus  orare  teneor. 

To  Nicholas  Blythe,  my  grandson,  son  of  William  Blythe, 
of  Norwich,  vj«.  viijrf.  or  one  cow.  * 

To  Margaret  my  wife,  and  Katharine  my  daughter,  a  share 
of  my  household  goods,  except  unico  le  fetherbed  quod  qui- 
dem  do  et  lego  Margaretse  uxori  mese  ad  terminum  vit«  suae, 
post  cujus  mortem  volo  quod  prsedictus  le  fetherbed  remaneat 
penes  Johannem  Hare  ad  usum  suum  proprium.  Item,  do 
et  lego  Katherinse  filiae  mese  unam  oUam  aeneam,  imicam  le 
shetill,  t  et  unicam  patulam.  Item,  do  et  lego  Margaretse 
uxori  mese  duas  ollas  aeneas  et  duas  le  shetills  et  duas  patulas, 
&c.     .     .     omnia  vasa  et  discos  de  le  pewter  et  latyn,  i  &c. 

To  Margerie  Carion,  my  granddaughter,  Margaret  Blythe, 
and  Agnes  Boroughe,  my  daughters.  Item,  do  et  lego  pic- 
turse  summi  altaris  et  tabemacidi  beats  Marise  Virginis  in 
ecclesia  de  Homersfeld  quinque  libras. 

To  Thomas  Hare,  my  son.  Bachelor  of  Laws.  .  .  To 
Margeria,  my  daughter.     .     .     William  Hare,  my  brother. 

*  From  this,  as  well  as  various  other  instances,  the  price  of  a  cow  in  the 
fifteenth  century  seems  to  have  averaged  about  six  shillings. 

t  This  word  I  do  not  remember  to  have  met  ;with  elsewhere.  From  the 
prefixed  fe,  as  in  the  above  instance  of  le  fetherbed,  I  take  it  to  be  an  English 
term,  for  the  corresponding  Latin  of  which  the  writer  was  at  a  loss.  It  is 
probably  derived  from  the  Latin  scutella,  patina  in  modum  eavitatie  sctUi, 
and  may  be  a  kind  of  saucer. 

X  Latyn,  latten,  or  laton,  a  mixed  metal  resembling  brass,  hard  and 
durable,  and  formerly  used  for  engraved  plates  of  sepulchral  memorials. 
But  the  word  was  also  used  for  the  plates  of  iron  covered  with  tin,  now 
commonly  called  tin,  of  which  mugs,  &c.  are  made,  and  in  this  sense  is  here 
to  be  taken. 

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Thomas  Foston,  of  Garboysthorp,     a.d.  1493. 

To  be  beryd  in  the  Chjrrclie  of  owyr  Lady  of  Garboysthorp. 
Item^  I  bequeth  to  the  hey  auter  of  the  same  chyrche  yj«.  yiijrf. 
Item,  I  bequeth  to  the  said  chyrche  xij  lifer  for  to  bye  a  holle 
sowte  of  vestments  with  alle,  by  the  advyse  of  myn  executors, 
ther  for  to  serve  to  the  honor  of  God  and  ower  blyssid  lady 
and  alle  the  holy  company  of  Hevyn  every  festfull  day  in  the 
yer  as  long  as  it  may  in  devyr  (jendure).  .  .  Item.  I  woU 
that  the  Image  of  owyr  lady  in  the  seyd  cherche  of  Thorp  be 
newe  gylted,  &c.  .  .  to  the  repacyon  of  the  wallys  of  the 
seyd  cherche  yerde  xb.  .  .  to  the  makyng  of  the  newe 
vestryhowsse  vj«.  viijef.  .  .  to  the  gylde  of  our  lady  of 
Garboysthorp  vj«.  viijrf.  .  .  to  the  mendyng  of  the  gylde 
of  Sent  John  ther  vj>.  viije/.  .  .  to  the  mendyng  of  the 
gylde  of  Oim  Scoa  ther  vj«.  viijrf. 

To  the  cherche  of  Sent  Margyt  in  Schuldham  xiij*.  iiijrf. 
.     .     .     to  the  cherche  of  Thorpeland  iiJ5.  iiijc?. 

Item,  I  woll  pryncipaly  befor  alle  other  thyngs  that  my 
debts  be  payed  and  myn  injuries  and  wrongys  devly  pvyd 
{dtdy  proved)  be  restoreyd,  yeve  {if)  ony  ther  be.  .  .  I 
wol  that  Ser  John  Grosse  syng  for  my  sowle  in  the  cherche  of 
Garboysthorp  .  .  to  the  Parish  Gierke  of  Thorp  for  the 
dirige  ijrf.  .  .  to  the  Renggarrys  (ringers)  iiijc?.  for  brede 
and  ale,  &c. 

[Proved  at  Norwich,  14th  July,  1495.] 

WiUiam  Haar^  of  Kirkebicane.     a.d.  1499. 

My  body  to  be  buried  in  the  church  of  All  Saints  of 
Kirkebicane,  near  the  altar  of  St.  John  the  Baptist,  on  the 
south  part  of  the  same  altar.  .  .  To  the  said  altar  for 
tythes  forgotten  6^.  %d.  For  the  repair  of  the  said  church 
13^.  4rf.,  of  which  12  shillings  to  be  expent  in  reed.  .  .  To 
the  church  of  Gillingham  4  bushells  of  malt  and  4  bushells  of 


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wheat,     .     .     similar  bequests  to  the  churches  of  Geldeston, 
Hales,  and  several  others. 

I  will  that  five  masses  of  the  five  wounds  of  Christ  be 
celebrated  after  my  death,  in  the  church  of  Kirkebicane,  for 
the  health  of  my  soul,  and  of  the  souls  of  my  friends  and 
benefactors,  and  of  all  the  faithful  defunct. 

I  give  to  John  Penchebek  clerk  vj«.  viijrf.  "  ad  dicend. 
Missam  ad  Stacoem  voc.  Scala  Celi  in  Civitate  Romana  pro 
anima  mea."  .  .  I  will  to  have  a  fit  Priest  to  sing  in  the 
church  of  Kirkebicane  aforesaid,  before  the  altar  of  St  John 
aforesaid  for  the  space  of  six  years  next  following  my  death, 
for  my  soul  and  the  souls  of  all  for  whom  I  am  bound  to  pray; 
he  to  have  for  his  stipend  each  year  viij  marks. 

To  Johanne  my  wife,  all  my  household  goods,  till  Thomas 
and  John  my  sons  reach  the  age  of  xxij  years. 

To  Thomas  my  son,  all  my  messuages,  lands,  tenements, 
and  rents  in  Beccles  and  Endgate  in  the  hundred  of  Wang- 
ford. 

To  John  my  son,  all  my  messuages,  lands,  and  tenements  in 
Gillingham,  Windall,  Winderton,  Hales,  and  Geldeston. 

To  Johanne  my  wife,  all  my  messuages,  lands,  &c.,  in 
Kirkebicane  and  Elingham  for  the  term  of  her  life. 

Directs  that  messuages  in  Northhales,  co.  Suff.,  a  close  in 
Homersfield,  and  land  in  Stockton,  be  sold  by  his  executors 
for  the  performance  of  his  last  will. 
[Proved  a.d.  1500.] 

Nicholas  Fyncham,     a.d.  1508. 

"I,  Nicholas  Fyncham,  Preste,  of  hole  mynd,  &c.  .  .  My 
bodye  to  be  beryed  in  the  vestiary  of  Sent  Martyns  chirche  in 
Fyncham.  .  .  to  dame  Margery  my  nece,  a  nunc  at  Blak- 
burgh,  vj«.  viijrf.  ...  I  wyll  that  myn  executors  pforme  & 
fynyshe  up  the  vestiary  that  I  have  begune,  as  ferforth  as  my 
goods  wyll  extend  a  cordyng  as  I  have  shewyd  on  to  them  by 


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my  mouth  afore  tyme.  Itm.  I  wyll  &  pray,  exorte  &  desyre 
all  my  feoffes  wych  ben  enfefiyd  now  in  my  mees  &  xxx 
acres  of  lond  in  Fyncham  to  my  use,  that  they  wyll  suflFyr 
myn  executors  &  the  chyrche  wardens  of  Sent  Martyns 
churche  in  Fyncham  now  being  yn  the  seyd  office,  yerly  to 
take  the  yssues,  pfetts,  &  revenues  of  the  seyd  mees  &  lond. 
Also  in  lyke  wyse  to  sufiyr  all  othir  chyrche  wardens  for  the 
tyme  beyng  wych  shall  be  chosyn  ther  to  after  in  tyme  comyng, 
as  long  as  yt  may  plese  God  that  the  world  shall  indure,  to 
take  the  seyd  yssues  &  yerly  pfytts,  upon  this  condicon 
folowyng,  that  ys  to  sey  that  the  seyd  chirch  wardens  for  the 
tyme  beyng  w^  thadvyce  &  assent  of  suche  pson  or  psonis  as 
shall  be  ryght  hejrrs  and  inherytours  of  Fyncham  Manl  in 
Fyncham,  shall  hyer  yerly  an  abyll  and  a  convenient  clerk  to 
sve  &  to  helpe  to  do  divine  servyce  yn  the  same  churche  of 
Sent  Marten  in  Fyncham,  and  to  pley  at  the  organs,  and 
to  teche  chyldern,  wherby  that  God's  ?vyce  may  be  betr 
mayntened  &  susteyned,  and  they  to  gyve  hym  a  marke  yerly 
of  the  seyd  yssues  and  pfytts,  to  be  payd  at  iiij  termes  yn  the 
yer,  that  ys  to  sey  at  evy  quaix  xl^.,  and  that  the  seyde  marke 
shall  be  no  pcell  of  his  hyer  that  he  takyth  of  the  pyshe,  &c. 
The  chyrche  wardens,  &c.  shall  fynde  v.  tapyrs  of  wax  in  the 
bason  that  hangyth  afom  our  ladye,  evy  tapyr  of  half  a 
pownd  wax  unto  the  sum  of  vs.  by  the  yer,  to  be  takyn  also 
of  the  seyd  yssues  and  pfytts,  yerly  to  bren  evy  dobyll  fes?  ij 
of  the  seyd  v.  tapyrs,  and  evy  pryncypall  fes?  to  bren  all  v. 
tapyrs,  and  espescially  at  the  salve  in  Lent  e9y  daye  shall  breii 
all  V.  tapyrs,  &c.  .  .  yf  yt  happen  ony  curat  for  non  cunyg 
of  song  to  wythdrawe  the  kepyng  of  devine  servyce  by  note 
or  by  ony  othyr  evyll  occasyon,  so  that  th^  divine  svyce  of 
God  ys  not  mayntenyd  nor  sustenyd,  but  by  the  seyd  curat 
mynyshyd  &  hurt,  &c."  then  the  said  mark  to  be  given  to  the 
poor  yearly  on  Good  Friday,  as  long  as  they  shall  be  without 
an  **  able  and  convenient  clerk  to  ocupye  &  excersye  as  jrt  is 
above  rehersyd." 


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Executors  of  thys  my  testement  &  last  wyll  I  ordeyn  & 
make  mast  Symeon  Fyncham  pson  of  Watlington,  John 
Fyncham  of  Well,*  &  Symeon  Bachecroft,  my  neves  &  cosyn. 

Thomas  Harpley,  of  Garbeysthorp.     a.d.  1557. 

Item,  to  Richerd  Harpley  my  son,  my  bepte  fetherbedde,  a 
great  hotche  f  callyd  an  arke,  my  beste  ambry,  my  best  brasse 
pott,  my  best  brasse  panne,  the  best  table,  y®  best  chayer,  one 
hangynge  laver  of  lattyne.  Item,  I  give  to  Robert  Harpley 
my  Sonne,  a  cownter  J  y*  was  sometyme  Richard  Myddiltone's, 
a  brasse  pott  next  the  thirde,  &c. 

*  John  Fyncham,  of  Well,  or  John,  Junior,  was  the  younger  brother  of 
John  Fyncham,  of  Fyncham,  whose  testament,  dated  1499,  proves  this,  no 
less  than  a  deed  of  John  the  younger,  conveying  lands  to  his  eldest  brother, 
John  Fyncham. 

t  Hotche,  Hitiehe,  Hoohe^  cista.  (PrompUriwn  Parv,) 

X  Probably  a  counting  board,  or  abacus,  on  which  calculations  were  made 
with  jettons  or  counters,  sometimes  called  Nuremberg  Tokens,  of  which  a 
great  variety  are  figured  in  Snelling's  **  Origin,  Nature,  and  Use  of  Jettons  or 
Counters.*'  Those  of  the  most  common  type  are  sometimes  called  Abbey 
Pieces,  from  being  frequently  foimd  on  the  site  of  monastic  buildings,  and 
from  having  been  used  by  the  monks  in  their  reckoning. 


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no 


IPlate  of  tt)e  S^ultfiral  1Sxm» 

TO  THE  MEMORY  OF  THE  REV.  HENRY  MARTYN. 

COMMUNIOATBD  BT 

THE  REV.  CHARLES  BOUTELL. 


The  Rectory,  Downham  Market, 

February  2lBt,  1848. 

My  dear  Sir, 

There  are  several  highly  interesting  specimens  of 
Monumental  Brasses  yet  remaining  in  various  Churches  in 
this  County,  which  are  not  noticed  in  Cotman's  work. 
Should  the  Committee  consider  it  to  be  desirable  that 
plates  of  these  Brasses  should  from  time  to  time  appear  in 
the  publications  of  our  Society,  I  shall  have  much  pleasure 
in]  placing  at  their  disposal  the  necessary  number  of  impres- 
sions from  such  engravings  of  them  as  I  may  possess. 

The  cut  which  accompanies  this  is  from  a  Brass  now 
lying  in  the  pavement,  within  the  rails,  in  the  chancel  of 
Upwell  Church :  it  is  the  memorial  of  Henry  Martjm,  some 
time  Rector  of  Yaxham,  and  consists  of  an  effigy,  with  a 
legend  at  foot. 

The  deceased  is  represented  as  habited  in  the  amice,  alb, 
stole,  and  cope ;  and  accordingly  the  adjustment  of  the  stole 
is  thus  exemplified. 

The  effigy  in  the  original  measures  2  feet  6  inches. 

I  am,  my  dear  Sir, 

Most  faithfully  yours, 

Charles  Boutell. 

DawBon  Turner,  Esq.,  F.R.S.  &  S.A. 

V.  P.  of  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Archseol.  Soc. 

&c.  &c.  &c. 


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(It  jiofliain  (p  oW  j»  Die  iw 


A  D.  MM.     ISth  Hetuty  TV. 
HENRY    MARTIN.   RECTOR   OF   TAXHAM, 

UPWBUi  CHURCH,  NORFOLK. 

This  efflfty  exempllflas  the  ^^juBtraoot  of  the  atole. 

Height  of  the  effl^y  in  the  original  Brua,  3  ftet  8  inches. 

lhi>  Braaa  now  lis  on  the  pavement  of  the  Chaaoel,  within  the  rails. 


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•••   -• 


: :  •:  ••:  .•. ••• 


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Ill 


EXTRACTS   FROM   A 

MS.  DIARY  OF  PETER  LE  NEVE,  ESQ. 

i^rro?  %lng  of  IBirms, 

BNTITLBD 

"MEMORANDA  IN    HERALDRY," 
OF  SUCH  ENTRIES  AS  KEUTE  TO  THE  COUNTY  OF  NORFOLK. 

COXMUNIOATBO  BY 

GEO.   A.    CARTHEW,   ESQ. 

{OonUnuedfnm  p.  84.) 


1706. 

SoAMEs,  Edmund,  Esq',  of  Dereham  Grange  in  Norff.,  Collo- 
nell  of  a  Regiment  of  foot,  dyed  whilst  his  regiment  lay 

at  Torbay, Sept.  1706 :  buried  at in  Norff. 

His  sister  and  heir,  widdow  of Green,  to  whom  he 

left  600^^  p  ann.i 

Dashwood,  Geo.*  Esq'.  4*^  son  of  Alderman  Dashwood,  who 
married  Algernona,  sister  of  S'  Sewster  Peyton,  of  Dod- 
ington  in  the   Isle  of  Ely,  baronet,  dyed  at  Torbay, 

1  See  in  Blomefield  the  inscription  on  the  monument  of  this  gentleman 
(of  the  family  of  Soame,  Baronets  of  Little  Thurlow,  Suffolk),  buried  at 
West  Dereham,  26th  Sept.  1706 ;  where,  also,  lies  his  only  sister,  Margaret, 
relict  of  Giles  Green,  Esq.  Colonel  Soame  left  an  illegitimate  daughter, 
named  Mary,  who  married  the  eminent  Soame  Jenyns,  her  cousin  in  blood, 
to  whom  she  brought  the  principal  portion  of  her  father's  fortune,  but 
afterwards  eloped  from  him. 

2  From  the  elder  grandson  of  this  gentleman,  is  descended  the  family 
which  now  bears  the  name  of  Peyton,  created  Baronets  in  1776.  From  the 
younger,  is  derived  the  Rev.  George  Henry  Dashwood,  of  Stow  Bardolph, 
F.S.A.';  to  whom  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Archaeological  Society  is  in- 
debted for  many  most  valuable  and  interesting  communications. 


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112 

Devonshire,  day  of  Sept.  1706, — left  many  chil- 
dren :   buried  at  in  NorfT.  day  of  the  same 

month. 

Brown,  Thomas,  of  Elsing  and  Wesenham  in  Norff.,  esq', 
lived  at  Wesenham  All  Saints,  and  dyed  there  of  the 

small  pox,  in  the year  of  his  age.     He  fell  sick  on 

the  conceit  of  having  them  only ;  dyed  Munday,  14 
Sept.  1706:  buried  the day  of  the  same  month.' 

Colston,  Lady,  of  Pudding  Norton  in  Norff.,  dyed  12  of 
October,  1706 :  buried  in  Lynton  church  in  Cambridge- 
shire,   day  of :  born  at  Ingaldesthorp  in  Norff. 

day  of  1621,  so  was  in  the  85***  year  of  her 

age.     She  was  the  d'  of Cockett,*  of Norff., 

and  widdow  of  S'  Joseph  Colston,  K*.  a  phisitian. 

1707. 

Brograve,  S'  Thomas,  dyed  Saturday,  5***  of  July,  1707,  at 

Hamell:^  buried  there day  of  the  same  month  — 

his  lady  remarried  to  a  soldier. 

Lb  Neve,  Oliver,  of  Great  Wichingham  in  Norff.,  Esq'., 
my  brother ;  mar^  31  of  Jvly,  1707,  at  St.  James'  church 
in  Midds.,  to  Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  and  coheir  of 
Robert  Sheffield,  Esq',  of  Kensington  in  Midds.^ 

[She  dyed  the  8  November  following,  without  issue.] 


3  This  gentleman,  as  great-great-grandson  of  Anne,  elder  daughter  and 
coheir  of  Sir  Hugh  Hastings,  Knt.,  was  a  coheir  of  that  ancient  Barony. 
From  his  daughter,  Philippa,  married  to  John  Bemey,  Esq.,  of  Lynn, 
descend  the  present  Brownes  of  Elsing,  who  waived  their  claim  to  the 
Barony  in  favour  of  Sir  Jacob  Astley. 

4  Anne,  daughter  and  heir  of  Thomas  Cocket,  Esq.,  of  Broomsthozpe. 
^er  first  husband  was  John  Parry,  Esq.,  of  Pudding  Norton,  and  of  Little 
Linton  in  Cambridgeshire. 

3  Hemel  Hempstead,  in  Herts.    The  late  Sir  George  Bemey  Brograve, 
Bart.,  was  of  the  same  family. 
6  She  was  his  third  wife. 


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113 

Cook,  M".,  widdow  of  Edward  Coke,  Esq',  of  Holkham  in 
Norff.,  dyed  at  Earles  Court,  in  the  parish  of  Chelsea  in 
the  county  of  Midds.:  she  was  daughter  of  S'  John  New- 
ton, of  Hather  in  Lincolnshire,  bar*.,  by  his  1st  wife, 
daughter  of  William  Heveningham,  esq'.,  and  dyed 
Munday,  4  of  August,  1707 :  buried  by  her  husband 

at  Godwick  in  Norff.  the  day  of  the  said  month, 

privatly. 

Le  Neve,  Sister,  dyed  at  Wichingham  the  8***  instant  No- 
vember, being  Saturday,  about  12  of  the  clock  at  night, 
suddenly ;  said  to  be  of  an  apoplexy. 

WiCH,  S'  Cirrill,  K*.,  of  Wilton,  Geywood,  and  Hockwold, 
in  Norff.,  lived  in  S*.  James's  Square ;  dyed  at  his  house 
there  28th  day  of  December,  1707 :  left  a  vast  estate  in 
money  and  land ;  100,000^  to  his  son  and  heir,  Jermyn 
Wich,  Esq'. :  buried day  of 

1708. 

Neve,  Philip,  Seijeant  at  Lawe,  Judge  Cheif  of  Pembroke, 

Cardegan,  and  Carmarthen  Shires,  dyed  day  of 

Aprill,  1708. 

CoLERAiNE.  Henry,  Baron  of  Colraine,"'^  dyed  at  his  house 
at  Tottenham  in  Midds.,  Sunday  night  at  12,  4*^»  of 

July,  1708:   buried  day  of  the  same  month,  at 

■  Tottenham,  in  the  vaidt  at  the  east  end  of  the  church. 

Maesham,  S'  Robert,  married  19  of  August,  on  the  thanks- 
giving-day,® to daughter  and  coheir  of  S'  Cloudsley 

ShoveU,  K^ 

7  Henry,  the  second  Baron,  who  was  of  the  family  of  Hare  of  Docking, 
and  was  an  eminent  antiquary  and  medallist.  He  was  succeeded  by  his 
grandson  Henry,  son  of  Hugh  Hare,  whose  death  is  mentioned  in  a  previous 
extract. 

8  Thanksgiving  for  the  victory  at  Oudenarde,  gained  1st  August  this 
year.  Sir  Robert  Marsham,  I  apprehend,  was  the  same  person  who  was 
afterwards  created  Baron  Bomncy. 


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114 

Brown,  Edward,  M.D.,  President  of  the  College  of  Phisit.^ 
dyed  at  his  house  at  Northfleet  in  Kent,  Friday,  26th 
August,  1708. 

Preston,  S'  Isaac,  of  Beeston  S^  Laurence  in  the  county  of 
Norfolk,  Knight,  dyed  there  the  9th  day  of  December, 
1708:  bur*^  there day  of  the  same  month. 


1709. 

Gaudy,  S'  John,  of  West  Herling  in  Norffi,  bar*.,  dyed 

day  of  January,  1708,  at  West  Herling:  buried  

day  of  the  same  mo. 
Cook,  S'  William,  of  Brome  in  Norff.,  baronet,  dyed 

day  of  Jan.  or  February,  1708-9  :  buried  at ^® 

Leicester,  Countess  Dowager,  and  coheir  of  S^  Robert  Reve, 

of  Thwayt  in  Suff.,  bar*.,  remar.  May,  1709,  to  

Sheppard,  esq'.,  of Suff.  * 

TowNSHEND,  Collonell,  brother  of  the  Viscount  T.,  dyed  at 

London,  unmar**.  May,  1709,  on  Sunday  22^  of  May : 

buried  at  Reynham  in  Norffolk,  on  the  day 

of  June  following. 
Wyndham,  Ash,2  married  to daughter  and  heir  of 

Dobbyns,  the  Councelor  at  Lawe.     M**  about  the  Grant. 
Hare,  Ralf,  of  Harpham  in  Norff.,  Esq',  and  Justice  of  the 

Peace,  Counsellor  at  Lawe,  dyed  at  his  house  there,  16 

9  Son  of  the  learned  Knight  of  Norwich.  In  the  Pedigree  before  referred 
to,  his  death  is  given  Aug.  28th :  he  is  said  to  have  been  buried  at  North- 
flete  Ist  Sept.,  and  the  year  is  mis-printed  1703. 

10  He  was  buried  at  Cranworth.  Dying  without  issue  male,  the  title  be- 
came extinct :  he  left  fire  daughters. 

1  Anne  Reye  was  wife  first  to  Philip  Sydney,  fifth  Earl  of  Leicester  of 
that  family,  and  afterwards  to  John  Sheppard,  Esq.,  of  Campsey  Ash  in 
Suffolk. 

«  Ash  Windham,  of  Felbrigg,  Esq.,  M.P.  for  Norfolk  1708,  eldest  son  of 
Wm.  Windham,  Esq.  by  Catherine,  his  wife,  daughter  of  Sir  Joseph  Ash  of 
Twickenham. 


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115 

day  of  October,^  1709:   buried  there  the  day  of 

the  same  month.     Left  issue,  Thomas,  Half,  John,  and 

5  daurs Hare,  his  father,  dyed  there   15^**  of 

Nov.  1689.     Ralf  mar«» daur.  of  S'  Thomas  Willis, 

of  Fenditton,  Cambr.,  bar*. :  she  survived  her  husband  ; 
and  he  made  her  executrix. 

1710. 

FiNCHAM,  John,  Esq'.,  son  of  John  Fincham,  of  Outwell, 
Midds.,*  who  dyed  about  Xtmas.,  when  Coll.  Oxburgh 
likewise  dyed;  but  Jo.  Fincham,  of  Outwell,  the  son, 

mar.  January 1709,  to datir  of relict  of 

of  Hants,  both  Roman  Catholicks. 

Brown,  Tho.,  D'.  of  Phisick,*  son  and  heir  of  Edw<^.  Brown, 
esq'..  Doctor  of  Phisick,  of  London,  son  and  heir  of 

S'  Thomas  Brown,  of  Norwich,  K^,  dyed day  of 

July,  1710,  without  issue :  buried  at  Northflete,  in  Kent, 
day  of :  M'.  Brigstoke  administrator. 

Robinson,  S'  Thomas,  baronet,  married  about  the  first  [sc. 

June]  to  ^  sister  of  S'  Thomas  Hare,   baronet,  of 

Stow  bardolf,  in  Norff.  S'  T.  R.  was  late  of  Kentwell 
halP  in  Suff.,  which  he  sold  for  ready  money  to  pay 
debts,  and  an  annuity  for  life. 

3  The  inscription  upon  his  monument  at  Harpham  says,  I6ih  November  ; 
and  Blomefield  adds,  that  he  was  buried  there  18th  same  month.  (Vol.  I., 
416.)    His  father,  Nicholas  ;  his  wife,  Ann.  (76.) 

4  An  error  for  Norfolk.  This  entry  is  very  obscurely  worded.  It  pro- 
bably intended  to  note  the  marriage  of  John  Fincham,  the  son,  about  Jan. 
1709-10.    The  father  died  24th  March  previously.  (Blomefield,  VII.,  473.) 

5  <*  An  ingenious  gentleman ;  but  he  afterwards  gave  himself  up  to  drink- 
ing so  much,  that  he  died  from  a  fidl  off  his  horse,  going  from  Qravesend  to 
his  house  at  Southflete  in  Kent,  being  drunk,  and  having  sate  up  all  night, 
1710  :  left  no  children  behind  him."  [Pedigree  drawn  up  by  Le  Neve,  and 
printed  in  Wilkin's  edition  of  Browne's  works.]  Owen  Brigstock,  of  Me- 
rionethshire, was  the  husband  of  Anne,  his  sister. 

6  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Hare,  the  second  Baronet,  by 
Elizabeth  his  wife,  daughter  of  George  Dashwood,  Esq. 

7  Kentwell  Hall  in  Long  Melford. 


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116 

Harbord^  John^  ®  Collonell,  4  son  of  S'  Charles  Harbord, 
K*,  surveyor  general^  dyed  by  a  fall  from  his  horse, 
Thursday,  28  of  September,  1710  :  buried  at 

1711. 

Amy,  d^  of  Firmyn  Neve  and  Mary,  christened  at  Ringland, 
6  of  March,  1616  :  94  yrs.  old. 

Bedingfeld,  S'  Robert,  K*  and  Alderman  of  Dowgate  Ward, 

London,  Sheriff,  a.d ,  Lord  Mayor,  anno  Dni , 

dyed  suddenly  in  his  bed,  2**  of  May,  haveing  [been]  sick 
for  sometime  before,  but  pretty  well  recovered,  and  in 

his  shop  the  day  before,  aged years:  buried 

day  of  the  same  month.  ® 

TowNSEND,  Viscountess,  dyed  friday  11  instant  [May]  at  my 

Lord's  house  in  Sohoe  Square  :  buried day  of  May 

at  Beynham  in  Norffolk  :  carried  out  of  town  privatly. 

Lb  Neve,  John,  son  and  heir  of  Oliver  Le  Neve,  of  Great 
Wichingham  in  Norff.,  esq',  dyed  at  his  father's  logeings 
in  Henrietta  Streat  in  Convent  Garden,  Midds.,  on  Tues- 
day the  10***  of  July,  1711,  just  before  4  of  the  clock  in 
the  afternoon,  aged  just  20  yrs.  from  the  day  of  his 
birth,  which  was  10***  of  July,  1691 :  buried  in  Covent 
Garden  church,  Thursday,  12***  day  of  the  same  month, 
unmarried,  in  the  north-east  comer  of  the  churchyard 
by  the  tree  just  within  the  rails.  ^® 

Potts,  S'  Roger,  of  Manington,  in  Norff.,  baronet,  dyed  at 
EUingham,  14  day  of  October,  1711:   buried day 

8  By  his  will,  dated  21st  Ang.  1700^  he  left  the  Gunton  estate  to  his 
nephew,  WiUiam  Harbord  Cropley,  son  of  his  sister  Catherine,  wife  of  Wm. 
Cropley,  Esq.,  of  SteUand  Hall,  Suffolk,  who,  in  pursuance  of  the  directions 
therein  contained,  took  the  name  of  Harbord.  He  was  father  of  the  first 
Lord  Suffield. 

9  He  was  Lord  Mayor  1707.     (See  previous  note,  supra  p.  34.) 

10  With  this  young  man,  who  was  the  only  son  of  Oliver,  Peter's  brother, 
expired  the  hope  of  continuing  the  Witchingham  estate  in  the  family.  (See 
Postcript.) 


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in 

of  the  same  months  at  His  lady  dyed  the  8^  day 

of  March  1701-2,  the  same  hour  and  minute  that  King 
William  dyed  :  buried  at  EUingham,  I  suppose. 

Lb  Nbvb,  Oliver,  of  Great  Wichingham  in  the  county  of 
Norffolk,  Esq',  was  taken  with  a  fitt  of  an  appoplexy  at 
the  house  of  S'  Bassingbome  Gaudy,  ^  bar*,  at  West 
Herling  in  Norff.  on  Wednesday,  21"*  of  November, 
1711,  and  dyed  thereof  about  2  of  the  clock  in  the  morn- 
ing on  Friday  following,  being  the  23«*  instant,  aged  49, 
and  was  buried  in  the  chancell  of  Great  Wichingham 
church  in  the  county  aforesaid,  on  Munday  the  26*  day 
of  the  same  month. 

Sydley,  of  Morley,  John,  esq',  son  and  heir  of Sydley 

of  Morley,  comonly  called  S'  John  Sydley,  baronet,  but 

without  any  truth,  dyed day  of 1711 :  buried 

at 

Turner,  Charles,  of  Lynne,  attorney  and  merchant :  ^  dyed 
day  of  Dec.  1711 :  buried  at 


1712. 

Weld,  Joseph,  Esq'.  Serjeant  at  Lawe,  and  Member  of  Pari*, 
for  Bury  S*  Edmund  in  Suff.,  dyed  on  Friday,  18*^  of 
Januar.  at  his  chambers  in  Serjeants  Inne,  Fleet  Street : 
buried  at  Bury  S*.  Edm'*.  in  S*.  Mary's  church,  in  the 
chamell  house,  26  day  of  January,  Saturday.  No  will.^ 
His  sister  and  his  other  sister's  daughter  (heirs)  ;  Mary, 

1  Sir  Bassingbome  Gawdy  was  his  brother-in-law.    See  Pedigree. 

2  He  was  uncle  to  Sir  Charles  Turner,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Nicholas' 
Chapel,  Lynn. 

3  Serjeant  Weld  was  only  son  of  Qascoigne  Weld,  of  Bracon  Ash,  Esq., 
by  Anne,  his  wife,  daughter  of  Bishop  Hall.  It  was  Mary,  their  eldest 
daughter,  who  married  Wm.  Starkly,  Rector  of  Pulham,  and  had  an  only 
child,  Mary,  who  became  wife  of  John  Jenny,  of  Bayfield,  Esq.  The  other 
daughter,  Elizabeth  Weld,  was  wife  of  Richard  Rutter,  Esq.,  of  Kingsley, 
Cheshire.  (Blomefield,  V.,  87.) 


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118 

mar**,  to  Rutter ;  mar**,  to  Starkey  of 

Pulham,  hath  daur. 
Walpolb,  M".,  of  Houghton,  relict  of  Coll.  Rob*.  Walpole, 

the  father,  dyed  15^  of  March,  1711-12,  at :  buried 

day  of  the  same  month  at  Houghton  Walpole,  in 

the  burial  place  of  the  family.* 
Royal  Society.    Memorand.,  that  on  Thursday,  the  £7^  of 

March,  1712, 1  was  sworn  a  member  thereof,  or  on  the 

Thursday,  the  20^^  of  that  month. 
Seaman,  Peter,  Alderman  of  Norwich,  came  up  with  the 

address  about  the  peace,  which  was  presented  Sunday, 

6  of  July,  at  S\,  James,  and  was  there  knighted  by  the 

Queen:  son  of  Peter  (qre.)  Seaman,  brewer,  of  Norwich. 

2000  paid. 
Wyndham,  Clere,  Gent.,  formerly  of  Stokesby,  in  Norjffblk, 

dyed  in  Holland,  in  July  or  August,  1712. 

1713. 

Knyvet,  Lady  Mary,  daur  of  S'  Thomas  Bedingfeld,  of 
Darsham  in  Suff.,  Knight,  widdow  of  S'  John  Knyvet, 
of  Ashwellthorp  in  Norff.,  K*.  of  the  bath,  dyed  at 
Weston  in  Suffolk,  at  the  house  of  her  d'  M".  Boken- 
ham,5  the  18  day  of  Aprill,  1713 :  buried  the  20"^  day  of 
Aprill,  at  Ashwellthorp,  in  the  eightieth  year  of  her  age. 
Md.,  my  brother  Oliver  Le  Neve  married  Jane,  one 
other  daughter. 

Bacon,  S'  Edmund,  of  Gillingham,   Bart.,  married  to  his 

2*^  wife,  Mary,  daughter   and  heir  of Castell,  of 

Raveningharo,  Esq' day  of ,  1713,  [whom  he 

left  a  widow.] 

4  She  was  Mary,  daughter  and  heir  of  Sir  Jeffrey  Burwell  of  Bougham, 
Suffolk,  and  mother  of  the  great  statesman.  Hex  epitaph  at  Houghton 
fetates,  she  died  14th  March,  1711,  aged  85. 

5  Catherine,  wife  of  Richard  Bokenham,  Esq.,  of  Market  Weston,  after- 
wards Baroness  Bemers. 


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Freakb,  S'  Ralf,  of  West  Bylney  in  Norff.,  and  of ,«  in 

Ireland^  esq'.,  created  baronet  by  Pa*,  dat.  25  day  of 

May,  1713. 
PiYTON,  Colby,  son  of  John  Payton,  of  Grimston  in  Norff., 

esq',  and  Elizabeth  Bladwell  his  wife,  drowned  at  Lynne, 

Tuesday  or  Wednesday,  9  or  10  of  June,  1713 :  buried 

at  Swanington,  Thursday,  11***  of  June,  1713. 
TowNSHEND,  Lord  Viscount,  married  on  munday  the  6***  of 

July,  1718,  at  Houghton  Walpole,  Norff.,  to  Dorothy, 

his  ^^  wife,  d'.  of  Rob*,  and  sister  of  Rob*.  Walpole,  of 

Houghton,  Norff.,  Esq^'^ 
Calthorp,  Xtofer,  Esq'.,  son  and  heir  of  S'  Xtofer  Calthorp, 

K*.  of  the  bath, — ^he  lived  at  Fulmodeston, — dyed 

day  of  August:   buried  in  Fakenham   churchyard,   in 

Norff.,  9^  of  August,  1718.« 
Wych,  John,  (son  of  S'  Cyrill  Wych,)  envoy  extraordinary 

to  the  Princes  of  Mecklenburgh  and  Holstein  and  the 

Hans-towns  of  the  Lower  Saxony,  dyed  October, 

1713:   buried  at 

Spelman  William,  Esq'.,  of  Wickmere,  dyed  of  July, 

1718. 
Wright,  Aunt,  dead®  of  December,  1718:  buried 

at 

1714. 

Richardson,   Lord,  married  Shrove   Tuesday,  9*^  day   of 
February,  1713-14,  to  Elizab.  daughter  and  heir  of 

6  Of  Castle  Freke,  co.  Cork.  The  present  Lord  Carbery  is  the  descen- 
dant of  Sir  Ralph's  only  daughter. 

1  This,  I  think,  is  the  lady  whose  ghost,  a  few  years  since,  was  said  to 
have  appeared  at  Rainham. 

8  Where  is  an  altar-tomb  inscribed  to  his  memory. 

9  Le  Neve's  mother  was  daughter  of  Peter  Wright,  of  London,  merchant ; 
but  I  do  not  think  he  was  of  the  Norfolk  family. 

K 


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Daniel^  of  Norwich,  goldsmith.     [His  lady  brought  to 

bed  in  nine  months   after  of  a  son  and  heir,  named 

William  Richardson.] 
GuiBON,  Will.,  son  of  S'  Francis,  marr^ day  of , 

Knapp,  of  Wells,  a  shopkeeper's  daur.^^ 

Fkeake,  M".,  mother  of  S'  Ralf  Freake,  baronet,  of  West 

Bylney,  Norff.,  dyed day  of  Aprill,  1714. 

Peckham,  Doctor,  of   Sporle,  Norff.,  dyed   day  of 

March,  1714. 
Brown,  of  Scarning,  Captain,  his  wife,  d'  of  

Mordant,  of  Congham;  she  dyed  of  the  stone, day 

May,  1714:  bur^  at ^ 

Herne,  Lionel],  son  of Heme  of  Ambringhall  in  Norff., 

and  one  of  the  deputy  Tellers  of  the  excheq'".,  dyed  of 

the  Gout:  buried 

Heron,  M" ,  d'.  and  heir  of Heron^  of  Ketering- 

ham    in  Norff.,    esq'.:    married,    against  father's  and 

mother's  consent,  to  Frampton,  son  and  heir  of 

Frampton,  of ,  a  comet  in  the  guards. 

Bokenham,  Walsingham,  ^  of  Hetherset,  in  Norff.,  Gent., 

son  of Bokenham  of  H.,  by his  wife,  d'.  of 

Flowerdew  of  Hetherset,  dyed  without  issue,  un- 

mar**.  of  the  small  pox,  Sunday  the  8***  day  of  August, 

1714 :  buried  at 

Oaths  taken  to  King  George  by  me,  Peter  Le  Neve,  28^**  of 

October,  1718,  before  Baron  Bury,  at  his  chambers  in 

Serjeants'  Inn,  in  Chancery  lane. 


10  Wm.  Guybon,  of  Thuxsford,  Esq. :  his  wife  was  Sarah  Knapp. 

1  Barbara,  the  wife  of  Jno.  Browne,  Gent.,  and  daughter  of  Lestrange 
Mordaunt,  of  Congham,  Esq.,  died  on  the  9th,  and  was  buried  in  Seaming 
church  on  the  12th  May,  1714.  The  Brownes  of  Seaming  were  of  the  same 
family  as  those  of  Fulmodeston. 

2  Henry  Heron,  who  married  Abigail  Heveningham,  see  p.  26,  note  4. 

3  See  Blomefield,  Y.  31. 


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121 

1715. 

Serjeants,  call  of,  28  Jan.  1714-15. 

(Amongst  the  names  of  the  Serjeants  then  called  J 
Mr.  Branthwait,  Will™.,  brother  of  Arthur  of  Norwich.^ 
Mr.  (  WUliam)  Earle. 

Calthorp,  Dorothy,*  wife  of  S'.  Christofer  Calthorp,  of 
East  Barsham  in  Norff.,  K*.  of  the  Bath :  dyed  there 
7'^  day  of  February,  1714-15 :  buried  at  Fakenham,  in 
churchyard,  the  8^^  day  of  the  same  month. 

Wyndham,  Thomas,  esq..  Standard-bearer,  brother  of  Ash 
"Wyndham,  esq'. 

Hare,  Thomas,  brother  of  S'.  Ralf  Hare,  bart.,  late  under 
Secretary  to  the  Viscount  Bollingbroke,  and  with  him  in 
France,  went  down  to  his  scate  at in  Leicester- 
shire, where  he  resides. 

Bedell,  George,  of  Woodrising  in  Norffolk,  esq*.,  son  and 
heir  of Bedell,  of  the  same  place,  dyed  of  a  com- 
plication of   distempers,   day  of  August,   1715: 

buried  at  same  month,  unmarried.*     [One  of  his 

sisters  and  heirs  dyed  soon  after  him.] 

4  Arthur  Branthwayt,  Steward  of  Norwieh,  and  Serjeant  Branthwayt, 
were  sons  of  William  Branthwayt,  of  Hethell,  Esq. 

5  See  Blomefield,  VII.  96. 

6  The  Bedells  of  Woodrising  were  Boman  Catholics.  George  Bedell 
was  son  of  Edward  Bedell,  Esq.  by  Isabella,  his  wife,  daughter  of  Geoi^e 
Porter,  Esq.,  and  brother  and  heir  of  John  Bedell,  Esq.,  on  whose  death  in 
1708,  he  succeeded  to  the  estates.  The  trustees  and  executors  of  his  will, 
dated  a  few  days  before  his  death,  were  John  Marsh  and  John  Amyas  (the 
latter  an  attorney  residing  at  Hingham)  to  whom  he  devised  the  manor  of 
Woodrising,  &c.,  as  Trustees,  for  the  benefit  of  **  Robert,  son  of  John  Mal- 
lom,"  and  gave  an  annuity  of  £150  to  **  his  sister ^  Elizabeth,  the  wife  of 
John  Mallom."  He  htul  a  sister  named  Elizabeth  who,  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  or  shortly  afterwards,  was  the  wife  of  John  Bringloe,  by  whom  she 
was  the  mother  of  the  late  Capel  Bringloe,  of  Hingham^  attomey-at-law. 
He  also  mentions  in  his  will  his  sisters,  Isabella  and  Mary.  The  latter, 
(Mary  AppoUonia  Bedell)  married  a  Mr.  Burgess,  and  had  issue  two 
daughters,  who,  in  1755,  joined  Mrs.  Bringloe  in  conveying  the  Woodrising 
and  Scoulton  estates  to  John  Weyland,  Esq. 

K  2 


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122 

1716. 

Seman,  S'.  Peter,  of  Norwich,  Knight  and  Alderman,  dyed 

at  Norwich  9^**  day  of  January,  1716;  and  buried 

same  month  at 

Norwich,  Bishop,  his  Lady,  daur.  of  Talbot,  bishop  of  Salis- 
bury, dyed  day  of  February,  1715-16.     [Clark  of 

the  Closet  to  the  King.] 

Leigh,  Wolley  Leigh,  gent.,''  son  of Leigh  of  Adding- 

ton  in  Kent,  liveing  at  Heveningham  in  Norff.,  (dyed) 

day  of ,  1715:  buried  there:  left  2  daurs.  and 

coheirs. 

Shawe,  Charles,®  of  Besthorp  in  Norff.,  dyed  day 

of  Aprill,  1716:  buried  at  Besthorp,  Munday, day 

of  the  same  month. 

Rogers,  John,  esq',  of  Darsingham  in  Norff.,  high  sheriff  of 

the  county,   dyed  day  of  July   1716:    buried  at 

day  of  the  same  month.    His  son  constituted  high 

sheriffe  for  the  rest  of  the  year,  John  BrOgers,  esq'.  ^ 

7  Son  of  Sir  ThoB.  Leigh,  Kt.  He  married  Mary,  daughter  of  Edmund 
Hunt,  of  Marsham,  Esq.,  who  survived  him,  and  remarried  the  following 
year  Mr.  James  Smyth  of  Blickling.  Mary  Leigh,  the  elder  daughter, 
married  Mr.  John  Bennet  of  Aylsham. 

8  See  Blomefleld,  I.  500.  Elizabeth,  daughter  and  sole  heiress  of  Charles 
Shaw,  Esq.,  younger  son  and  ultimately  heir  of  the  gentleman  whose  death 
is  here  recorded,  married  William,  fifth  Lord  Byron,  who  was  tried  by  his 
peers  for  killing  WUliam  Chaworth,  Esq.  in  a  duel  in  1765. 

9  The  Christian  name  of  both  father  and  son  was  Thonuu,  not  John. 
Besides  the  eldest  son,  who  succeeded  his  father  in  the  manors  of  Dersing- 
ham  and  Little  Dunham,  Mr.  Rogers,  Sen.,  left  two  others,  Robert  Rogers, 
of  Norwich,  and  William,  of  Bacton,  and  four  daughters,  of  whom,  Eliza- 
beth, became  wife  of  James  Bamham,  of  Norwich,  attomey-at-law,  and 

Susan,  married Nasmith,  of  Norwich,  by  whom  she  had  a  son,  the 

Rev.  James  Nasmith,  D.D.,  Editor  of  Tanners  "Notitia  Monastica,"  &c. 
Dr.  Nasmith  was  bom  at  Norwich  (says  Coxe,  the  Cambridge  Antiquary, 
who  speaks  of  him  as  his  particular  friend)  of  dissenting  parents,  his  father 
having  been  a  considerable  carrier  from  Norwich  to  London.  He  published, 
besides  the  NotUia  and  Itineraries  of  Symon  eon  of  Simeon^  and  of  William 
of  Worcester,  a  Catalogue  of  the  MSS.  bequeathed  to  his  College  (Corp. 


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123 

Wyvill,  Marmaduke^  son  and  heir  of  S'.  Marmaduke  Wy  vill, 
mar^.  M'.  Coke  of  Norfolk's  daughter,  Dec.  1716. 

Potts,  S^  Algernon  of  Mannington  in  Norff.,  baronet,  dyed 
without  issue  16  day  of  December ;  and  his  lady  dyed 

day  of   before  him:    both  without  issue: 

buried  at  Mannington. 

1717. 

Calthorp,  James,  esq',  of  Whissingset  in  Norff.,  dyed  at 
East  Barsham  in  Norff.,  19*^  day  of  January,  1716-17 : 
buried  at  Barsham  the  20*^  day  of  January. 

NoRRis,  John,  esq'.,  of  Witton  in  Norff.,  broke  his  neck 
from  his  horse  about  noontime,  rideing  home  &om  North 
Walsham,  where  he  had  been  taking  a  cup,  on  Wednes- 
day    day  of  January,   1716-17:  buried  at  

[Note :  his  elder  bro.  dyed  of  melancholy ;  his  younger 
brother  was  murdered.]  *^ 

Le  Neve,  Henrietta,  came  of  age,  21  years  old,  11  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1716-17,  [M.^.  born  the  9th]  and  the  birth  day 
kept  at  Wychingham,  in  great  splendor,  whilst  I  and 
M".  Neve  absent,  and  drank  me  out  one  hogshead  of 
nog.i 

Chr.  Camb.)  by  Archbp.  Parker ;  a  work,  it  has  been  observed,  which  does 
much  credit  to  his  learning,  and  has  been  the  means  of  bringing  to  notice 
several  curious  MSS.,  and  which  ^greatly  facilitates  the  researches  of  those 
who  have  had  occasion  to  consult  this  valuable  collection. — See  Master's 
History  of  Corp.  Chr,  Coll,  continued  by  Dr,  Lamb,     (W.G.) 

10  This  gentleman  was  son  of  John  Norris,  of  Witton,  Esq.,  who  out- 
witted our  firiend,  Peter,  in  the  purchase  of  the  reversion  of  the  Le  Neve 
estates,  as  will  be  mentioned  in  a  subsequent  page ;  and  by  him  these  ca- 
tastrophes  were  doubtless  considered  as  a  judgment  of  Providence.  Thomas 
Norris,  the  elder  brother,  a  barrister-at-law,  died  in  his  father's  lifetime. 
A  broad  sheet,  with  an  account  of  '*  the  barbarous  and  bloody  murther  com- 
mitted on  the  body  of  Coronet  Norris  "  has  been  laid  upon  the  table  at  one 
of  our  meetings  during  the  past  year. 

I  Youngest  daughter  of  Oliver,  by  Anne  Gaudy,  his  first  wife  :  see  Pedi- 
gree.   This  entire  memorandum  is  erased  by  the  pen. 


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124 

Richardson,  M".  Angelica,  daughter  of  Thomas  Lord  Bich- 

ardson,  dyed  unmarried day  of  February,  1716-17, 

at  Ringland  in  Norffolk. 

Norwich,  Prebendary,  D'.  Broadrep,  dyed :  succeeded 

by  D'.  Shirlock,  Dean  of  Chichester,  Master  of  Cath. 
Hall  in  Cambr.  The  late  Queen,  by  letters  patent, 
dated  26  of  Aprill,  in  the  13*  of  her  reign,  granted  the 
Canonship  or  Prebend  in  the  Cath.  church  of  Norwich 
that  should  first  happen  to  be  void  and  in  the  gift  of  the 
Crown,  to  the  Master  of  that  Hall  for  the  time  being  and 
his  successors  for  their  better  support  for  ever,  which 
was  confirmed  the  next  year  by  Act  of  Pari*. 

Claxton,  M".  Lucia,  daughter  of  Hamon  Claxton,  of 
Branston  in  Norfi".,  and  Booton,  Esq'.,  and   sister   of 

Claxton,  of  the  same.  Captain,  married   to  

Johnston,  Esq"^.,  late  Secretary  of  Scotland,  liveing  at 
Twickenham  in  Midds., day  of 1716. 

MiCKKLTHW^AYTE,  Joseph,  Esq'^.,  appointed  Secretary  to 
James  Stanhope,  Esq'.,  as  Chancelor  of  the  Excheqr., 
in  the  room  of  John  Turner,  Esq^,  son  and  heir  of 
S'  Charles  Turner,  K*.,  of  Warham  in  Norfi". 

Prideaux,"' ,  son  and  heir  of  Prideaux,  Dean  of 

Norwich,  married day  of 1717,  to ,  daur 

of  Nathaniel  "Wrench,  Doctor  of  Phisick  in  Norwich. 

Helwis,®    ,  wife   of  Nicholas   Helwys,  of  Morton   ais 

Helmingham  in  Norfiblk,  Esq'.,  and  daughter  of , 

dyed  Tuesday  ZS^  of  July,  1717  :  buried  there  the  day 
after,  in  the  evening. 

Lubbock,  Richard,  of  Norwich,  mayor,  dyed  there  27***  of 
July,  about  11.  Sheriff*,  1715;  alderman,  1716;  lived 
mayor  5  weeks  4  days. 

7  Edmund  Prideaux,  son  of  the  Dean  (Humphrey),  married  Hannah, 
daughter  of  Sir  Ber^amin  (not  Nathaniel)  Wrench,  M.D. 

8  Catherine,  wife  of  Nicholas  Helwys,  was  daughter  of  Robert  Rust,  and 
sister  and  heir  of  Jno.  Rust,  gentleman. 


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125 

Earl,  Erasmus,  [2*^  son  of  Coll.  Erasmus  Earl  of  Salic,  but 
heirj  married  S\  James'  Day,  25***  of  July,  1717,  to 

M".  Hannah  Maria  Calthorp,  daughter  of de  Grey 

J  of  Merton,  Norff.,  Esq'.,  sister  of  Thomas  de  Grey,  of 
the  same  place,  and  relict  of  James  Calthorp,^  Esq'.,  son 
and  heir  of  S'.  Christofer  Calthorp,  K*.  of  bath,  who 
dyed  before  his  father,  and  left  one  son  by  him,  Xtofer 
Calthorp,  Esq'.,  about  11  years  old. 

De  Grey,  M".  Elizabeth,  dyed  at  London  of  the  small-pox, 

of  August,  1717:  buried  at  Merton  in  Norflfolk,  the 

day  of ,  unmarried:    d'.  of de  Grey  of 

Merton,  Esq'.,  and  eldest  sister  of  Thomas.  Her  execu- 
tors, her  brother,  D'.  James  de  Grey  ats  Bedin^feld, 
L.L.D.,  and  Erasmus  Earl,  her  brother-in-lawe. 

Leveridge,  Thomas,  my  kinsman  and  botiler,  dyed  Tuesday 
the  10*^  of  September,  1717 :  biuried  in  Wichingham 
churchyard  the  day  after,  Wednesday,  11^**  instant. 

Walpole,  Coll.  Robert,  of  Houghton's,  Lady  brought  to  bed 
of  a  son. 

Katherine,  daur  of  S'.  Xtofer  Calthorp,  K*.  of  bath,  dyed 

at  Barsham  East,  the day  of  Sept.,  1717 :  buried 

there unmarried. 

Branthwatt,  Arthur,  (son  of  Henry ,^^  Esq'.,  of  Hethill,) 
and  Councellor-at-Law,  formerly  Steward  of  Norwich, 
dyed  of  the  gout  at  his  house  in  Norwich,  Sunday,  29^** 
of  September,  1717 :  buried  at  Hethill,  Wedsday,  the 
2<*  day  of  October, — his  wife  survived  him. 

Horatio  Walpole,^  Esq'.,  of  Broomsthorp  in  NorflF.,  dyed 
Thursday,  the  17"»  of  October,  1717:  buried  Sunday,  the 
20"*  day  of  the  same  month,  at  Houghton  Walpole,  in 

9  Should  have  been  Christopher  Calthorpe,  Esq.,  (vide  supra,  p.  33.) 
James  Calthorpe,  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  Christopher,  died  under  age,  and 
iinmarried,  in  1696. 

10  Should  have  been  Williatn,  (vide  supra,  p.  121,  note  4 ;  also  Blomefield, 
v.,  113.) 

1  Uncle  to  Sir  Robert  Walpole,  and  commonly  called  the  Black  Colonel. 


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Norff.,  without  children  :    married   Lady  Anne^  d'.  of 

Thomas^  late  Duke  of  Leeds^  and  relict  of  Coke, 

Esq'.,  of  Holkham.  Supters  of  Pall :  S'  Jo.  Woodhouse, 
S'.  Nic.  Strange,  S'.  Sewster  Payton,  barts.;  M'.  North,  of 
Rougham,  ....  Dashwood,  Esq.,  Xtofer  Bedingfeild,  Esq'. 

Starkey,*  ,  Rector  of  both  Pulhams  in  Norff.,  dyed 

there day  of  Oct.  1717:  buried  Wedsday,  the  16, 

in  that  church;  married ,  daughter  of Amias, 

sister  of  the  Doctor  of  Phisick  of  Norwich.  His  mother 
one  of  the  heirs  of  Joseph  Weld. 

HoBART,  S'.  John,  baronet,  of  Blickling  in  Norff.,  married  on 
Sunday,  8  of  November,  1717,  at  Thorp  market  church, 

to  Judith,  daughter   and   coheir   expectant  of   

Britiffe,  of  Norwich,  Councelor-at-lawe,  by ,  his 

wife,  daughter  and  coheir  of  S'.  William  Brant  of  Thorp 
mercate  aforesaid.^  M^.  Britiffe  hath  no  right  to  arms, 
to  my  knowlege ;  Peter  Le  Neve,  Norroy. 

Payton,  S'.  Sewster,  baronet,  dyed  Saturday  night,  28  of 
Dec.  1717,  in  his  chaise,  on  the  road  to  his  house  at 
Stanhow. 

C  To  be  continued.  J 

3  Wm.  Starkey,  M.A.,  (Blomefield,  Y.,  392.)  Jane,  his  widow,  daughter 
of  John  Amyas  of  Hingham,  waa  his  second  wife.  It  was  his  first  wife,  not 
his  mother,  who  was  sister  and  coheir  of  Joseph  Weld,  Esq.,  of  Braconash. 

3  Robert  Britiffe,  Esq.,  Recorder  and  some  time  M.F.  for  Norwich,  where 
he  practised  the  law  with  great  success,  and  acquired  a  large  fortune,  had  by 
his  first  wife,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Rant,  two  daughters,  of 
whom  the  elder  married  Sir  John  Hobart,  as  above  mentioned ;  the  other, 
Jane,  married  William  Morden,  Esq.,  of  Suffield,  who  took  the  name  of 
Harbord,  and  was  afterwards  a  baronet  and  K.B.,  and  whose  son  was  created 
Baron  Suffield,  (see  note  8,  p.  116,  supra.)  Robert  Britiffe,  aged  more  than 
fourscore  years,  died  September  21st,  1749 :  he  had  married  for  his  second 
wife,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Bishop  Tanner,  the  celebrated  antiquary.  Sir 
John  Hobart  was  afterwards  Earl  of  Buckinghamshire.  I  embrace  this 
opportunity  of  correcting  an  error,  into  which  I  had  fallen  from  carelessness, 
in  my  note  on  the  marriage  of  Sir  John's  sister,  (vide  supra,  p.  34.)  That 
lady's  name  was  not  Anne,  but  Henrietta  Hobart,  who  afterwards,  when 
Countess  of  Suffolk,  became  too  well  known  to  need  any  comment. 


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127 
NOTES 

ON 

THE  PARISH  AND  CHDECH  OF  WIMBOTSHAM. 

COUMUMICATBD 

BY  THE  REV.  G.  H.  DASHWOOD,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

AMD  THB 

REV.  C.  BOTJTELL,  M.A. 


WiMBOTSHAM,  in  the  Hundred  of  Clackclose,  and  Deanery 
of  Fincham,  is  a  Rectory  commuted  at  the  gross  rent-charge 
of  £379,  including  the  glebe ;  Stowe,  with  which  it  is  con- 
solidated, being  £158  1«.  In  a  MS.  Valor  EcclesiasticitSf 
of  the  time  of  Elizabeth,  it  is  thus  set  down : — 

John  Wimbotesham  valor  v".  vj'.  viij^.  primitie  nulle  : 
Tompson,  decima  x'.  viij^. :    Synod,  ij". :    pcur.  xvj^. : 

B.  patron;  Radulphus  Hare  Miles. 

The  Rectory  has  been  at  different  times  held  together  with 
the  Vicarage  of  Stowe  Bardolph ;  but  in  the  year  1769,  on 
the  petition  of  Dr.  Thomas  Moore,  rector  and  patron,*  was 
regularly  consolidated  with  Stowe.f     Dr.  Moore  died  July 

•  Dr.  Moore,  grandson  of  Henry,  third  Earl  of  Drogheda,  married 
Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  and  coheir  of  Sir  Thomas  Hare,  Bart.,  in  whose 
right  he  became  patron. 

t  The  parishes  of  Stowe  and  Wimbotsham  are  singularly  intermixed. 
The  boundary  line  between  the  two  is  sufficiently  distinct  and  known ;  but 
there  are  divers  parcels  of  insulated  land,  not  merely  within  the  bounds, 
but  in  the  very  heart,  and  some  in  the  main  street,  of  Wimbotsham,  which 
belong  to  Stowe,  and  are  known  by  the  name  of  Stowe  Ward  in  Wimbotsham. 
On  these  lands  there  are  upwards  of  five  and   twenty  tenements,  the 


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SSth^  1779,  aged  sixty-three,  and  was  buried  in  the  Cathedral 
Church  of  Norwich,  where  is  a  monument  to  him  on  the 
north  side  of  the  chancel.  The  Rev.  Philip  Bell,  A.M.,  was, 
on  the  presentation  of  Mrs.  Moore,  instituted  to  the  rectory 
of  Wimbotsham  and  vicarage  of  Stowe  Bardolph,  on  the 
26th  of  August,  1779.  On  the  death  of  Mr.  Bell,  in  1834, 
the  Rev.  John  Clavering  *  was  instituted,  on  the  presentation 
of  Sir  Thos.  Hare,  Bart. ;  and  he  is  the  present  incumbent. 

The  Church. 

The  Church  of  Wimbotsham,  situated  at  the  distance  of 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  to  the  north-west  of  Downham  Mar- 
ket, and  closely  adjoining  the  high-road  from  Ely  to  Lynn, 
comprises  a  chancel,  nave,  western  tower,  and  north  porch. 
The  entire  edifice  is  constructed  of  rubble,  dressed  with 
ashlar;  the  material  employed  being  chiefly  the  rag-stone 
of  the  locality.  The  walls,  which  are  very  massive,  are 
apparently  those  of  the  original  Norman  edifice.  The  roofs 
have  a  high  pitch,  and  are  thatched  with  reeds. 

EXTERIOR. 

The  eastern  gable  of  the  chancel  is  pierced  by  a  three- 
light  window,  having  its  head  filled  with  net-tracery :  above, 
is  a  recess  in  the  wall,  now  presenting  the  appearance  of  a 
large  niche,  but  which  probably  was  originally  a  single-light 

inhabitants  of  which  pay  rates  to  Stowe,  and  are  considered  as  belonging 
to  it.  About  the  year  1650,  the  inhabitants  of  Stowe  Ward  made  complaint 
that  they  were  forced  to  keep  **  watch  and  ward  **  for  both  Wimbotsham  and 
Stowe;  and  on  this  occasion  it  was  determined  that  they  were  bound  to 
keep  the  watch  for  Stowe,  and  not  for  Wimbotsham.  Stowe  Ward  is 
mentioned  in  old  deeds  as  far  back,  if  I  am  not  mistaken,  as  the  time  of 
Edward  III.,  if  not  earlier. 

*  Grandson  of  Robert,  Lord  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  and  descended, 
through  the  Claveriiigs  of  Tilmouth,  co.  Durham,  from  Robert  Pitz  Roger, 
Shciiff  of  Norfolk,  2,  3,  4,  5,  C,  and  10,  Ric.  I.,  and  agam  temp.  John. 


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window.  Beneath  the  east  window  the  masonry  is  worked 
in  the  form  of  an  arch ;  while  above  this  window,  toward  the 
south,  are  evident  remains  of  the  original  Norman  apse-arch* 
Toward  the  north,  the  chancel  is  lighted  by  a  small,  single- 
light,  Norman  window,  placed  at  a  considerable  height  from 
the  ground :  the  glazing  of  this  window  is  now  almost  flush 
with  the  outer  face  of  the  wall,  but  in  the  original  design 
there  does  not  appear  to  have  been  any  arrangement  for  the 
introduction  of  glass,  the  aperture  either  remaining  entirely 
open  or  being  closed  by  a  shutter. 

The  south  wall  of  the  chancel  contains  two  Early  English 
lancet-windows,  of  considerable  size :  both  are  placed  in  the 
western  moiety  of  the  chancel ;  and  the  more  westerly  of  the 
two  is  trefoiled  in  the  head,  and  is  brought  down  much 
nearer  to  the  ground  than  its  companion,  in  which  the  arch- 
head  is  plain.t  Above  these  windows  yet  remains  the  original 
Norman  Corbel-table : 
this  member  consists  of 
a  series  of  small  semi- 
circular arches  springing 
from  corbel-blocks,  which 
are  for  the  most  part 
worked  in  the  form  of 
shields,  while  some  few 
of  them  are  rude  heads: 
the  arches  themselves  are 
encircled  with  zig-zag, 
embattled,  and  cable- 
twist     moldings,    rudely 


*  On  opening  the  ground  immediately  to  the  eastward  of  the  present 
edifice,  the  foundations  of  the  Norman  apse,  which  once  formed  the  eastern 
termination  of  the  chancel,  were  discovered.  These  foundations  describe  a 
semicircle,  and  appear  to  have  been  undisturbed  from  the  time  that  the  apse 
was  destroyed. 

t  The  lower  part  of  this  window  was  probably  separated  &om  the  upper. 


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executed.  A  similar  corbel-table  is  also  preserved  on  the 
north  side  of  the  chancel ;  but  here  are  no  heads,  and  less 
variety  in  the  ornaments  of  the  small  arches.  The  skew- 
table  of  the  chancel-gable  rises  considerably  higher  than  the 
ridge  of  the  present  roof,  which  itself  descends  below  the 
perpendicular  masonry  at  the  angle  of  the  gable,  thus  pre- 
serving the  pitch  with  the  skew-table  itself.  This  same 
arrangement  appears  in  the  gable  and  the  roof  of  the  nave. 
The  nave  itself  is  lighted,  towards  the  north,  by  two  square- 
headed  windows  of  the  Perpendicular  Gothic  period;  that 
which  has  the  more  easterly  position  being  of  two  lights, 
while  the  other  contains  a  third  light,  and  is  throughout 
upon  a  larger  scale.  Above  these  windows  there  appears  to 
have  been  a  corbel-table  of  the  same  character  as  that  of  the 
chancel ;  but  of  this  member  no  actual  remains  now  exist. 
Further  to  the  west,  a  porch  of  considerable  size  is  set  at 
right  angles  to  the  nave,  and  covers  a  fine  Norman  doorway, 
opening  into  the  Church.  The  arch  of  this  doorway  is 
molded  with  the  twisted-cable  and  the  double-billet  mold- 
ings, and  a  bold,  plain,  annular  roll :  it  rests  on  either  side 
upon  a  cylindrical  shaft,  with  cap  and  base.  The  doorway 
itself  is  square-headed,  and  the  tympanum  above  is  plain. 
The  porch  is  of  the  transition  period  between  Decorated 
and  Perpendicular  Gothic :  it  has  a  good  square-headed  win- 
dow to  the  east,  and  a  corresponding  one  to  the  west :  the 
porch-arch  is  of  two  orders  of  moldings ;  the  sub-arch  being 
a  roll  with  three  fillets,  upon  which,  towards  the  exterior,  a 
series  of  square  and  circular  roses  is  worked  with  a  rich 
eflFect :  this  sub-arch  is  shafted.  The  porch  is  supported  by 
angle-buttresses ;  and  a  small  niche  under  a  label-drip  is 
introduced  above  the  outer  arch  in  the  gable. 

On  its  south  side  also  the  nave  is  entered  by  a  Norman 
doorway,  which,  like  the  north  door,  is  spacious  and  lofty. 

to  fonn  a  '*low  side  window,"  in  connection  with  the  altar.    The  entire 
opening  is  now  without  any  division^  and  is  glazed  throughout. 


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The  arch  is  of  two 
orders^  both  shafted: 
the  outer  shafts  are 
twisted,  and  the  inner 
are  covered  with  zig- 
zag work,  and  are 
octagonal  in  their  sec- 
tion. ITie  arch-molds 
are  rich  specimens  of 
zig-zag,  billet,  and 
twisted-cable  work ; 
and  the  door,  which 
is  square-headed,  and 
placed  beneath  a  tym- 
panum,—  now  devoid 
of  any  ornament, — re- 
tains some  good  iron-work.  *  A  perpendicular  three-light 
window  adjoins  this  doorway,  while  further  eastward  are  two 
other  windows  of  an  earlier  period,  of  which,  one  is  a  most 
interesting  specimen  of  the  first  combination  of  two  lights 
within  a  single  window-arch;  and  the  other  is  a  single  lancet, 
trefoiled  at  the  head :  this  last-named  lancet  is  placed  very 
low  in  the  wall,  and  now  is  partially  closed  up.f  Above,  a 
modern  square  window  has  been  opened,  apparently  with 
the  view  of  aflfording  additional  light  to  the  present  pulpit. 
The  two-light  window  has  its  lights  covered  by  a  continuous 
drip-stone,  delicately  molded,  and  springing  externally  from 
twisted  corbels :  above  the  lights  the  masonry  is  pierced  by 

*  This  doorway  is  figured  in  Cotman's  Etchingi, 

t  The  portion  of  this  window,  which  now  is  closed  up,  originally  formed  a 
**low  side  window,"  and  serred  as  an  adjunct  or  accessory  to  the  chantry-altar 
placed  at  the  south-east  angle  of  the  nave.  That  these  singular  openings 
were  confessionals,  appears  the  most  probable  of  the  many  theories  and 
conjectures  which  have  been  advanced  respecting  them ;  though  this  opinion 
at  present  is  far  from  being  altogether  conclusive.  (See  the  Archaological 
Journal,  Vol.  IV.,  pp.  314—826.) 


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132 

a  quati'e-foiled  circle,  surrounded  by  an  undercut  molding 
raised  above  the  wall-face.  The  ^vindow-arch  itself  is  quite 
plain,  consisting  of  a  single  order,  chamfered,  and  altogether 
devoid  of  drip-stone.* 

The  tower  is  very  massive,  low,  and  plain  :  it  is  strength- 
ened by  angle-buttresses  set  diagonally,  those  toward  the  west 
being  of  four  stages :  these  buttresses  all  terminate  below  the 
parapet-string,  in  the  centre  of  which,  on  the  north,  west,  and 
south  faces  of  the  tower,  is  a  large  gurgoyle  head.f  The 
parapet  is  quite  plain,  with  a  single  battlement  rising  at 
each  angle:  there  appear,  however,  to  have  been  pinnacles 
at  the  angles,  fragments  of  which  are  now  built  into  the  wall 
of  the  churchyard.  The  belfry  contains  in  each  fece  of  the 
tower  a  two-light  window  beneath  a  label-drip ;  and,  to  the 
west,  a  three-light  Perpendicular  Gothic  window  is  placed 
immediately  above  the  basement;  and  above  this  window  a 
very  small  pointed  lancet  is  now  blocked  with  masonry.  A 
stair-turret  abuts  upon  the  tower  at  its  south-eastern  angle  : 
this  turret  rises  but  little  above  the  crest  of  the  adjoining 
wall  of  the  nave,  and  there  terminates  in  a  capping,  which 
slopes  to  the  tower-wall.  J 

INTERIOR. 

Entering  the  church  through  the  north  porch,  immediately 
to  the  east  of  the  doorway,  within  the  building,  is  a  small 

*  The  lights  in  this  window  may  be  regarded  as  two  distinct  lancet- 
windows  placed  in  immediate  juxtaposition ;  and  the  masonry  which  divides 
them  has  rather  the  appearance  of  a  very  narrow  strip  of  wall,  than  of 
a  mullion  properly  so  called.  The  quatre-foiled  circle  above  is  altogether 
distinct  from  the  two  lancets ;  a  portion  of  the  masonry  of  the  wall  inter- 
vening between  the  drip-moldings  of  the  three  members :  the  cusplng  of 
this  circle  is  also  of  the  earliest  character.  In  the  circle,  and  in  the  heads  of 
the  two  lancet-lights,  some  of  the  original  glass  remains.  (See  the  very 
valuable  treatise  on  "  Windows,'*  in  Brandon's  Analysis  of  Gothic  Archi- 
tecture, pp.  18—23.) 

t  These,  vrith  the  buttresses  to  the  north  porch,  arc  the  only  buttresses 
attached  to  the  edifice. 

X  The  belfry  contains  three  bells. 


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.^^- 


WII-JBOrSHAM     CHURCH,     NORFOLK. 
luOtriot.  I'X/kin^  uj  tli.-  wuth  east. 


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183 

cinq-foiled  niche.  Between  the  north  and  south  doors  now 
stands  the  font,  a  plain  octangular  block  of  stone,  resting  on 
a  shaft  of  similar  form :  it  is  lined  with  lead,  and  has  a  drain. 
To  the  westward,  a  pointed  tower-arch  of  two  orders,  plainly 
chamfered,  and  continuous  throughout  from  the  bases,  opens 
into  the  tower.  Here  also  the  turret-stair  is  reached  by  a 
low  doorway,  of  ogee  form,  placed  to  the  south  of  the  tower- 
arch. 

The  walls  of  the  nave  are  quite  plain,  with  the  excep- 
tion, on  the  south  side,  of  a  beautiful  and  still  perfect  Early 
English  piscina,  standing  immediately  below  the  two-light 
window,  which  is  best  described  by  the  accompanying 
sketch;*  while,  to  the  north,  are  remains  of  the  rood-stair, 
and  of  the  archway  leading  to  the  rood-loft.f  The  two-light 
window  presents  precisely  the  same  architectural  arrangement 
with  its  exterior  face,  and,  in  common  with  all  the  other  win- 
dows of  the  church,  has  its  arch  widely  splayed.  The  wall 
to  the  south  of  the  chancel-arch  was  pierced ;  thus  affording 
a  view  to  the  principal  altar  from  the  altar  originally  placed 
below  the  opening  itself.  J 

The  chancel-arch  is  Norman,  of  two  shafted  orders  on  its 
western  face,  with  plain  roll  moldings :  towards  the  east 
this  arch  is  entirely  without  ornament;  the  sweep  of  the 
arch-head  being  merely  distinguished  from  the  perpendicular 
lines  of  the  jambs  by  plain  impost-blocks. 

To  the  left  of  the  altar  is  a  niched  piscina,  with  a  single 
quatre-foUed  drain :    the  customary  shelf  is  gone,  but  the 

•  See  view  of  the  Interior  of  the  Church. 

t  Above  the  chancel-arch,  facing  westwards,  there  appear  to  have  been 
two  small  niches,  which  are  now  filled  up. 

X  A  view  of  the  high-altar  could  also  be  obtained  through  this  aperture, 
or  squint,  from  the  "low-side  window"  before  mentioned.  See  an  inter- 
esting article  on  "Some  Perforations  in  the  Walls  of  Churches,"  in  the 
ArcJueotogiccU  Journal,  Vol.  III.,  p.  299.  To  the  examples  there  specified, 
may  be  added  a  very  remarkable  specimen  of  a  "  Squint,"  in  the  noble 
church  of  Long  Melford,  Suffolk. 


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134 

grooves  upon  which  it  rested  are  distinctly  marked  in  the 
sides  of  the  niche. 

The^chancel  is  now  covered  by  a  modern  ceiling  :*  the  roof 
of  the  nave,  however,  presents  a  good  specimen  of  a  ceiling 
with  flat  wood-work  formed  into  panels.  Here  seven  flat 
spaces  or  cants  are  employed ;  and  the  whole  surface  is 
divided  into  square  panels  by  molded  fillets,  having  a  rich 
boss  placed  at  every 
point  of  their  inter- 
section. These  bosses 
are  well  carved,  and 
retain  much  of  their 
original  colour  and 
gilding:  they  comprise 
a  variety  of  beautiful 
foliage,  so  arranged  as 
to  form  a  square,  upon 
which  rises  a  lozenge, 
carved  with  other  fo- 
liage, or  with  various 
devices,  all  carefully 
adapted  to  the  lozenge  outline  of  every  composition.  Amongst 
these  devices  may  be  specified  two  half  figures  of  angels 
holding  scrolls ;  the  heads  of  a  king,  and  a  bishop  or  abbot ; 
several  other  heads,  some  of  them  grotesque ;  two  mitres ; 
and  three  roses,  coloured  red  and  white.f 

In  both  chancel  and  nave  there  remains  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  the  benching,  which  was  in  all  probability  executed 

*  Above  the  present  east  window  are  traces  of  an  arch  which  probably 
may  indicate  the  sweep  of  the  original  ceiling  of  the  chancel.  This  arch  is 
of  a  greater  span  than  the  remains  of  the  arch  visible  on  the  outer  face  of 
this  east  wall :  the  springing  of  the  latter,  were  it  complete,  would  coincide 
with  the  points  in  which  the  semicircular  foundations  abut  upon  the  east 
wall ;  thus  imparting,  at  least,  a  considerable  degree  of  probability  to  the 
conjecture,  that  this  is  a  portion  of  the  original  apse-arch. 

t  See  plate  of  bosses. 


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WIMBOISHAM    CHURCH    NORFOLK, 
Six  UaK    P-.-.sses  <.n   the  Jic<,f  of  the  Nav<- 


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135 

at  the  same  time  with  the  ceiling  of  the  nave :  various 
figures  formed  the  elbow-pieces  of  these  benches^  and  their 
poppies  for  the  most  part  consisted  of  foliage :  some  few  of 
the  elbow-pieces  remain^  from  one  of  which  the  annexed 
engraving  has  been  sketched.* 


*  Among  the  other  elbow-pieces  which  remain  in  a  tolerable  state  of 
preservation  are,  a  muzzled  bear,  a  cockatrice,  (?)  a  chained  antelope,  and 
two  lions. 

L 


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136 


The  two  birds  forming  the  poppie- 
head  is  a  device  of  singular  elegance. 
One  other  poppie-head  also  demands  to 
be  especially  noticed:  it  now  is  situated 
on  the  south  side  of  the  chancel^  and 
consists  of  the  upper  part  of  a  human 
figure  supporting  a  shield  of  arms :  * 
the  figure  is  habited  as  an  ecclesiastic, 
and  the  shield  bears^  cut  in  relief^  the 
armorial  insignia  of  Spelman  impaling 
Bhke. 

The  St.  Christopher,  which  appears 
in  the  sketch  of  the  interior  of  the  church 
on  the  south  wall  of  the  nave,  has  been 
again  covered  with  white-wash.  In  the 
porch  are  two  flat  coflin-slabs,  sloping 
on  one  side  only;  and  in  the  church 
itself,  three  slabs,  firom  which  legends 
and  shields  of  arms  in  brass  have  been  torn  away,  together 


*  Immediately  above  this  Bhield  are  apparently  the  letters  P.  B.  and  C.  S. 
the  latter  surmounting  the  coat  of  Spelman,  and  the  fonner  that  of  Blake. 
Blomefield  (Yol.  YII.,  p.  518)  gives  the  arms  of  Blake,  as  borne  on  this 
shield,  "Ermine,  on  a  pile  indented  sable,  bezanty,  between  two  Uons' 
gambs  erect  and  erased,  gtilet,  and  an  oile  of  escalops  of  the  second,  a 
bendlet  over  all,  vert,**  This  coat  is  thus  emblazoned  by  Edmonson, — 
«  Blake,  (of  Wimbotsham,)  Erm.  a  pile  battely  counter-battely,  sa.  bezant^e, 
bet-ween  two  lions'  paws  erect  and  erased,  gu.  over  all  a  bend,  vert."  Here 
is  no  mention  of  the  "orle  of  escalops;"  nor,  indeed,  does  this  charge 
elsewheie  appear  as  being  borne  by  Blake  of  Wimbotsham.  Blomefield 
probably  mistook  the  ermine  spots  for  escalops :  they  certainly  do  somewhat 
resemble  them  in  form  ;  but,  from  their  position  in  the  field,  it  is  impossible 
that  they  should  have  been  designed  for  an  orle.  The  pile  here  appears  to 
be  indented  rather  than  embattled ;  or,  strictly  speaking,  as  here  given,  the 
pile  is  partly  indented  and  partly  engrailed.  The  **  bend  "  may  possibly  be 
figured  as  a  "bendlet,"  in  consequence  of  the  multiplicity  of  charges 
accumulated  upon  the  field.  The  arms  of  Spelman  are,  sable,  plat^e, 
between  two  flaunches,  argent.  In  this  shield  the  flaunches  are  diapered, 
the  diaper  being  cut  in  high  relief. 


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137 

with  one  perfectly  plain  slab,  constitute  the  only  sepulchral 
stones  worthy  of  note. 

The  church  of  Wimbotsham  is  dedicated  to  the  blessed 
Virgin  Mary. 

The  advowson  of  the  Church,  in  the  time  of  Hen.  III., 
was  in  John  de  Ingolvesthorp,  and  appears  afterwards  to 
have  passed  with  the  manor  of  Ingoldesthorp  in  Wim- 
botsham. This  manor  extended  into  Downham,  Roxham, 
Fordham,  Dereham,  and  Bexwell.  In  the  reign  of  Hen.  III., 
Roger  de  Welle  held  it,  as  appears  from  an  ancient  Roll  in 
the  muniment-room  at  Stowe,*  from  which  the  following  is 
extracted. 

II  Rogei?  de  Welle  tenet  maSium  suu  de  Winebodesh"m 
cu  Ube  tenl  villanis  suis  ^  cotai^  ad  illd  maSSiii  ptinentib}  de 
comit  Warenn  p  svic  q*rte  ptis  luii^  scuti  T:  com  de  &nb  x^ 
in  capite,  p  quale  syiciii  nescim.  £t  iit  in  eod  maSlio  unu 
mes  T:  una  carucata  teri?  arabi)  T:  xiiij  acras  pHi  in  dnico 
unu  molend  ad  vent  libum  taiu?  T;  verre  eid  maSio  ptin  T: 
facit  secta  ad  cui?  de  Castelacr^  de  rb}  sepHs  in  tres  sepEas. 
Et  capit  amciamta  pisto^  T;  braciatoru  T;  hoc  sine  waranto  ut 
crediiS.    Et  clamat  hre  warenn  p  carta  diii  i^. 

II  Johs  Kyng  tenet  unu  meS  T;  viij  acr*s  terr^  arabit  di 
acr*m  p*ti  in  villena§  de  eod  Ro^o  p  ?vic  xxiij^.  ob.  p  anii  T: 
dat  quol}  anno  una  gallina  %  dat  scuta^  ^  h  ad  voluntate  dni 
%  Rog  tenet  de  comil?  %  com  de  dno  r^. 

II  Wydo  de  Ingolsthorp  tenet  ij  mes  %  ij  acr*s  di  T;  una  roda 
rre  arabit  lifee  de  Ro^o  de  Well  p  ?vic  xxij<*.  p  annii  T;  dat 
ad  scuta§  j^.  T;  Rog  tenet  de  comit  T;  com  de  dno  r^  p  qd 
nescim.  &c.  f 

*  A  survey  by  jury,  of  the  Unds  and  tenants  in  Wimbotsham,  undated  ; 
but,  from  internal  evidence,  to  be  attributed  to  the  early  part  of  Henry  the 
Third's  reign.  Parkin  mentions  a  carucate  of  land  here  conveyed  to  Roger 
de  Frevil,  13  Hen.  III.,  the  same  no  doubt  with  the  above  Roger  de  Welle. 

t  The  services  of  the  different  tenants  of  this  manor,  to  the  number  of 
forty-five,  bond  and  free,  are  recorded  in  similar  terms. 

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On  the  same  Roll,  the  Church  Property  is  thus  entered : 

II  Johs  de  Yngolsthorp  est  pt**nus  ecctie  de  Wynebodesh^m, 
ad  q*m  eccSm  ptinet  xxx  acre  terr^  arabit  'I  iij  acre  p*ti  q*s 
psona  ejusd  ecce  tenet. 

II  Cecil  fit  Emme  tenet  una  acr*m  %  una  roda  terr^  arabii 
libe  de  ecctia  de  Wynebodesh  p  svic  ij^.  ob.  p  annu. 

II  Allex*  de  Newenh*m  tenet  una  di  acr*m  terre  arabit  libe 
de  ead  ecctia  p  ^vic  uni^  ob.  p  anna 

II  Gocelin^  le  Ray  ?tia  pte  uni^  meS  'X  ij  acr*s  una  rod  T;  di 
teri^  arabitin  villenag^  de  ead  ecctia  p  ?vic  x**.  p  annu  %  metet 
p  unu  die  T:  di. 

II  Lenore  tenet  unu  mes  'X  iij  rod  teri?  arabit  in  villena§  de 
ead  ecctia  p  ^yic  x^.  p  annii  T;  metet  p  iiij  dies  in  autupno. 

II  Witt  Soloman  T;  Ida  Bercai^  tenet  unu  cotag  in  villenag 
de  ead  ecca  p  ^vic  iiij^.  ob.  p  annu  ^  metet  p  iij  dies  in 
autupno. 

II  Rob  Bercai?  tenet  iij  acr*s  tre  arabit  in  villena§  de  ead 
ecca  p  ?vic  iij*.  p  annu  %  metet  p  unu  die  'I  di  in  autupno. 

The  manor  passed  from  Roger  de  Welle  to  the  Ingoldes- 
thorps  (whose  name  it  has  retained)  in  Henry  the  Third's 
reign,  when  Thomas  de  Ingoldesthorp  held  the  fourth  part 
of  a  fee  of  the  Earl  of  Warren.  {Test,  de  NeoiU,  p.  287.)  It 
was  afterwards  held  by  Isabella,  his  widow,  and  by  John  de 
Ingoldesthorp,  as  mentioned  by  Parkin. 

In  24  Edw.  I.  and  19  Edw.  II.  Thomas  de  Ingoldesthorp 
held  his  court  there :  he  died  1  Edw.  III.  In  3  Edw.  III. 
Beatrix,  his  widow,  held  her  court  there,  and  continued  till 
27  Edw.  III.,  when  Dns  Roger,  parson  of  the  church  of 
Reynham,  John,  parson  of  the  church  of  Mylham,  and  Wil- 
liam, parson  of  the  church  of  Clenchwarton,  held  their  first 
court  "  post  mortem  Beatricis." 

Sir  William  de  Ingaldesthorp,  grandson  and  heir  of  Beatrix, 
succeeded :  he  died  46  Edw.  III.  (Inquis*  post  morf.)  One 
of  the  Court  Rolls  of  37  Edw.  III.  is,  however,  headed. 


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139 

"  Prima  Curia  DncB  Eleanorce  de  Ingaldesthorp ;"  and  various 
successive  courts  were  held  in  the  names  of  Richard  Walkfare 
and  his  associates,  Edmund  Noon  and  his  associates.  The 
Lady  Eleanor  was  wife  of  Sir  William ;  and  these  courts  were 
probably  held  in  his  absence  from  the  country. 

In  7  Eic.  II.  we  find,  "Prima  CwP  Thom^  de  Middil- 
ton;"  and  the  name  of  Eleanor,  as  Lady  of  the  Manor,  occurs 
again  at  dijSerent  times  as  late  as  17  Eic.  II.  Sir  John  de 
Ingaldesthorp,  son  and  heir  of  Sir  William  and  the  Lady 
Eleanor,  held  his  first  court  in  7  Hen.  V.  He  died  the  fol- 
lowing year:  his  will  is  dated  a.  n.  1419.  {Test.  Vestusta, 
p.  202.)  He  was  succeeded  by  his  son  Thomas,  who  died 
A.  D.  1422,  leaving  Edmund  his  son  and  heir.  Edmund 
marrying  Joan,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Tiptoft,  by  Joyce, 
daughter  and  coheir  of  Edward  Lord  Powys,  left  a  daughter 
and  heir,  through  whom  this  manor  eventually  came  to  the 
family  of  Huddleston.*  In  9  Hen.  VIII.  John  Huddilston, 
Esq.,  held  his  court  here.  It  was  afterwards  in  the  Towns- 
hend  family.  In  6  Edw.  VI.  we  have,  "Cur^  Prima  Petri 
Sentyell  arm*  et  Katerinse  ux^  suae  nup  us?  Eicardi  Townes- 
hend  arm^  defuncti."  And  in  4  and  5  Phil,  and  Mary, 
"Prima  cur^  Xtopheri  Heydon,  Fermai?  Dni  Eegis  et  Eeginae 
durante  minore  aetate  Eici  Towneshend  arm^."  In  the  16 
Elizabeth  it  was  sold  by  Eoger  Towneshend  of  East  Eain- 
ham  to  Su-  Nicholas  Hare,  Kt,  who  held  his  first  court  in 
that  year. 

A  Compotus  of  Eichard  West,  propositus  of  Sir  Thomas 

*  In  Enfield  church,  Middlesex,  the  very  fine  monumental  brass  of  Joyce, 
Lady  Tiptoft,  is  yet  preserved :  in  the  legend  which  forms  a  part  of  this 
memorial,  the  lady  is  spoken  of  as  "  Jocosa,  quondam  filia  et  una  hered. 
Caroli  dni  Powes',  ac  eciam  filia  et  una  hered.  honorabilissime  dne  Marie,  &c." 
The  word  "Caroli"  here  has  reference  to  Edward  Charlton,  Lord  Powis, 
who  married  Eleanor  widow  of  Roger  Mortimer,  Earl  of  Marche.  Lady 
Tiptoft  died  ▲.  d.  1446.  Sir  Edmund  Liglethorpe  died  ▲.  d.  1466 ;  and  his 
widow  subsequently  married  Thomas,  son  of  John  Lord  Grey  of  Ruthyn. 
(See  Gough's  Sepulchral  Monuments,  Vol.  II.,  p.  136.)   . 


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140 

de  Ingaldesthorp  in  his  manor  of  Wynebotesham,  29  Edw.  I., 
is  thus  summed  up  : — 

"  Sm*  tot  recepr  cu  arr)  compi  pcedent  xliiij^^  xvij'.  xj**. 
Sm*  tot  expens  cu  libat  xxviij^.  xvij'.  ix**.  ob. 
Et  sic  debentur  Dno  p  dcm  comp  xyj^*.  j**.  ob." 

Abbot  of  Iiamsey*8  Manor, — In  the  survey  before  referred 
to,  the  rights  of  the  Abbot  are  thus  set  down : — 

Atfcs  de  Rames  tenet  mafiium  suu  de  "Wynebosh^m  cu.  lib 
ten  villanis  suis  ^  cotar'  ad  illud  ma&ium  ptin,  hundm  di  de 
Clak^  "X  foru  de  Dunh*m  cu  tumberett  z  coUistrig^  de  Dno  i? 
in  capite  p  qd  sviciu  nesciiS.     Et  ht  in  eod  ma&io  unu  meg 

ix".  acr^  ten?  arabit  ix  acr*s  p*ti  pistai?  ij  gurgitu 

libum  tauru  %  verre,  Warenii,  GoalaT;  ........  ptiii  eid  manlio 

p  Carta  Dni  Eegis.  Et  tenet  ptm  namii  vetiti*  in  eod 
hundr  T;  capit  passagiu  apud  Dunh*m  T;  Fordh*m  sine  waranto 
ut  credim  et  capit  amciam  piston  %  braciatorti  %  p^prestura^ 
^  oim  alio]^  quee  ad  leta  ptinet  1;  clamat  hre  infangenethef 
wayf  stray  %  wreecu  rip©  %  capit  de  redditu  assiso  leta^ 
de  eod  hundr  p  annu  ij  m"r.  j^.  "X  capit  de  eod  hundr  ad 
aux™  vie  %  ^poiti  p  annu  vj  m*r. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  Roll  the  following  presentments 
are  made : — 

II  Dicut  Jul?  de  Wynebodesh*m  qd  Witts  Bardolf  capit 
injuste  pissa^  in  regali  aq^  libtas  cui^  aquae  ptinet  solumodo 
AtlSi  RameS  p  cartas  regu  Angt  "X  capit  illd  pissa^  de  hoib^ 
de  Dunh*m,  Winebodesh*m  \  Stowe  vid}  de  quovis  hole 
ducete  una  q*rentena  turba}  vj**.  T;  di  q*rentena  iij^.  T:  ad  plus, 
plus,  "X  ad  mini  min^  "X  hoc  a  tempe  Gwerrae  %  sine  waranto. 

II  Dicut  1  qd  idm  Witts  facit  attach  in  regali  aq*  vid}  a 

*  NavMum  vetiHtm,  the  takixig  of  another  person's  cattle  unjustly,  and 
remoTing  them  to  an  unlawful  place,  on  the  pretence  of  damage  done  by 
them ;  when  the  owner  may  demand  satisfiaction  for  the  injury,  which  is 
called  placUum  de  namio  vetito. 


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Stapelwere  usq}  ad  Dunhale  hytht  quae  attach  ptinet  dco 
Atfci  per  cartas  regu  Angt  eid  cocessas  %  hoc  a  tempe  gwerrsB 
%  sine  waranto. 

II  Dicut  qd  Nichus  de  Eipton  p*  eccte  de  Dunham  fecit 
p^prestura  in  coi  de  Wynebodeehhn,  Dunh*m  T;  Stowe  fa- 
ciendo  in  ea  una  fovea  latitudne  fovee  xij  pedu  T;  longit  foveas 
jv  xodsLf.  %  hoc  ad  maximu  nocumtu  pdca^  villa^  %  hoc  p  unu 
dimid  annu  T;  plus. 

The  Abbot  of  Ramsey's  manor  was,  in  36  Hen.  VIII. 
granted  by  letters  patent  to  Robert  Myller,  gentleman,  and 
Ellen,  his  wife,  vrith  the  advowson  of  Downham  and  the 
market  and  tolls  there.  By  Myller  it  was  alienated  to  John 
Walpole,  Esq.,  who  held  his  first  court  there  on  the  Wednes- 
day next  before  Easter,  in  the  Ist  of  Queen  Mary. 

In  4  Elizabeth,  the  executors  of  John  Walpole  held  their 
first  court;  William  Walpole,  son  and  heir  of  John,  being  a 
minor.  In  16  Eliz,,  Wm.  Walpole  sold  it  to  Francis  Gawdy, 
Esq.,  Elizabeth  his  wife,  and  Elizabeth  their  daughter. 
Passing,  by  marriage,  as  mentioned  by  Parkin,  through  Sir 
W.  Hatton  and  Sir  Robert  Rich,  it  was  in  the  9th  Jas.  I., 
purchased  by  Sir  Ralph  Hare,  for  the  sum  of  £2,600. 

Tontoett  or  TunweU  Manor. — In  1  Ric.  II.,  I  find  John  de 
Tunwelle  holding  lands  in  Wimbotsham.  In  7  Ric.  II. 
Robert  de  Mushill  conveys  to  John  de  Tunwelle  20  acres  of 
land  in  Wimbotsham  and  Stowe.  In  22  Ric.  II.  he  occurs 
as  Lord  of  this  Manor.  In  9  Hen.  IV.  he  grants  it  to 
Nicholas,  his  son.  In  8  Hen.  V.,  Emma,  wife*  of  Nicholas, 
held  her  first  court  here.  Nicholas  and  Emma  his  wife  occur 
in  a  deed  dated  11  Hen.  VI.,  by  which  Henry  Barton  and 
others  release  to  them  four  messuages  and  264  acres  of  land 

*  A  second  inatance  of  a  Court  being  held  in  the  name  of  the  wife  during 
the  life  of  the  husband ;  which  shows  the  necessity  of  being  guarded,  in 
taking  for  granted  the  death  of  the  husband  from  the  name  of  the  wife 
heading  a  single  court-roll. 


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in  Wimbotsham,  &c.  In  another,  dated  18  Hen.  VI., 
Emma  occurs  as  the  widow  of  Nicholas.  The  manor  after- 
wards passed  to  the  Blakes.  Peter  Blake,  gentleman,  held 
his  first  court  9  Edw.  IV.     Jasper  Blake  held  his  fi^jst  court 

17  Hen.  VIII.  Beatrice,  widow  of  Peter  Blake  (son  of 
Jasper),  held  her  first  court  14  Eliz.  In  17  Eliz.,  Margaret, 
widow  of  Richard  Badgcroft  (and  mother  of  Beatrix  Blake), 
and  Thomas  their  son,  held  their  first  court.  In  30  Eliz., 
the  site  of  the  Manor  of  Tujiwells  was  settled  in  jointure,  on 
the  contemplated  marriage  of  Jasper  Blake  with  Anne, 
daughter   of  Thomas  Amyas,  of   Depham,  gentleman.     In 

18  Jac.  I.,  Jasper  Blake  and  Frances  his  wife  sold  the  manor 
to  Roger  Pratt,  gentleman,  who  in  1654  sold  it  to  Sir  Ralph 
Hare,  for  the  sum  of  £2,667.  In  the  Hare  family  it  has, 
with  the  other  manors,  to  this  time  continued. 

Roger  Pratt  was  the  third  son  of  Gregory  Pratt  of  Ryston, 
to  which  property  he,  Gregory,  succeeded  by  the  will  of  his 
uncle  William,  of  Ryston. 

The  Pratts  were,  however,  originally  of  Wimbotsham, 
and  descended  from  Richard  Pratt,  of  whom  I  find  mention 
first  made  in  a  deed  dated  23  Hen.  VII.,  by  which  Robert 
Bathcom  conveys  a  piece  of  land  in  Stowe  to  Richard  Pratt 
and  GeoSrj  Pratt. 

The  annexed  pedigree  is  clearly  deduced  from  deeds, 
court-rolls,  and  wills,  by  which  it  will  appear  that  Parkin 
is  incorrect. 

William  Pratt,  of  Rainham,  purchased  the  Manors  of 
Ryston  and  Walpole  Hall  in  Roxham,  of  Gillor  or  Gylour, 
in  19  Hen.  VIII.,  and  held  his  first  court  there  the  same 
year.  He  died  without  issue,  and  left  Ryston  to  Gregory  of 
Hockwold,  with  the  following  successive  remainders :  to 
Edward  Pratt, — ^to  Pawle  Pratt, — ^to  John  Pratt,  son  of  my 
brother  John, — to  John,  son  of  my  brother  Richard, — to 
Richard,  son  of  my  brother  Richard, — ^to  Jasper  Pratt. 

From  an  old  survey  of  lands,  "  late  Richard  Pratt's,"  made 


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37  Hen.  VIII.,  it  appears  that  Richard  Pratt  the  elder,  of 
Wimbotsham,  had  in  the  towns  of  Stowe,  Wimbotsham, 
Watlington,  and  Downham,  about  850  acres  of  land.  These 
lands,  at  the  time  the  survey  was  made,  were  the  property  of 
Christopher  Conyngsby,  Esq.,  and  afterwards  passed  by  sale 
to  John  Hare,  of  London,  Esq.,  brother  of  Sir  Nicholas 
Hare,  Kt. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  PARISH  REGISTER. 
The  Register  commences  with  the  year  1562,  4/A  of  Mizaheth. 

4  Eliz.  Tho.  Cosyne  and  Johan  Plett,  y®  daughter  of  James 
Plett  of  Stradsett,  was  maried  by  Sir  George  Longe, 
vicar  of  Stowbardolff,  the  last  day  of  September. 

6  Eliz.  Francis  Blake,  y®  son  of  Peter  Blake,  gent.,  and 
Beatrixe  his  wife,  was  christened  y«  xix*^  day  of 
December. 

1670.    Margaret  Bexwell,  buried  the  xij***  of  Auguste. 

Peter  Blake,  2-  buried  eod  die,  (24*^  October.) 

1571.  Richard  Killingworthe,  £.  and  M".  Beatrice  Blake, 
maried  the  xviij***  of  January. 

1574.  John  Tryndle,  Clarke,  pson  of  Wymbotesham,  was 
buried  the  xij**"  of  August. 

1575.  Hoc  anno  Georgius  Longe,  in  artib3  M*^,  institutioem 
huius  ecclie  accep*. 

Grace  filia  Tho.  Drury  et  Anne,  ux^  suae,  bapt.  primo 

Martii. 

1577.    Thom*8  Longe  filius  Georgii,  clici  et  Rectoi?  huius 

ecctie,  et  Graciee  ux^  ejusdem  sepult.  fidt  xviij®  die 

februai?. 
1589.    Suzanna  Thompson,  y«  daughter  of  John  Thompson, 

clerk,  and  psonne  of  Wimbotesham,  was  baptised  y« 

ix**"  daie  of  November. 


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159S.    Jasp  Blake,  sonne  of  Jasp  Blake,  §.  baptised  y«  xxvij*^ 
of  September. 

William  Fincham  and  Alee  Forster  maried. 

1594.    Elsabeth  Thompson,  daughter  of   John   Thompson, 
clerk,  buried  y*  second  of  April. 

Bettris  Blake,  daughter  of  Jasp  Blake,  bapt  vij"*  of 

October. 

1597.  Anne  Blake,  daugh?  of  Jasp  Blake,  §.  bap?  xxiij^^  of 
October. 

Bettris  Killingworth,  wid.  and  gent,  buried  y®  xxxj*** 

of  May. 

Anne  Blake,*  wief  of  Jasp  Blake,  §.  buried  y*  iij  of 

January. 

1598.  John  Thompson,  the  sonne  of  John  Thompson,  clrk., 
baptised  the  25  of  December. 

Susanna  Thompson,  the  daughter  of  John  Thompson, 

clrk.,  buried  the  8  of  October. 

1599.  Anne,  the  daughter  of  John  Thompson,  clrk.,  buried 
y®  25  of  December. 

Alee    Thompson,  y®  wif  of  John    Thompson,  clrk., 

buried  y*  3  of  January. 

1601.    Alee,  the  wif  of  Willyam  Fyncham,  buried  the  18  of 

September. 
1606.    M'.   John    Thompson,  pson    of   W^botsham,  was 

buried  the  xj*^  of  May. 
1611.    Helena  Raye  sepelitur  octavo  die  Januarii. 
1614.    Jasper  Blake,  geSosus,  sepelitur  vicesimo  quinto  die 

Martii,  Ao.  1614. 

(Ao.  1616,  Thomas  Willis,  Rector.) 
1625.    Gregorie,  the  son  of  Roger  Prat  and  Ellen  his  wife, 

was  baptized  the  xij*^  day  of  April. 

George  Willis,  the  elder,  was  buried  the  xxix*^  day  of 

November. 

*  She  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Amyaa,  gent. 


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Roger^  the  sonne  of  Roger  Prat,  esq',  and  Eflen  his 
wif,  was  baptised  the  80"*  daie  of  March. 

1627.  Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of  Roger  Prat  and  Ellanor  his 
wif,  was  baptised  the  29*^  daie  of  November. 

1628.  John,  the  sonne  of  Roger  Pratt  and  Ellanor  his  wif, 
was  baptised  the  12***  daie  of  December. 

1680.    EUenor,  the  daughter  of  Rog'  Pratt,  esq',  and  EUenor 

his  wif,  was  baptised  the  viij***  daie  of  September. 
1634.    Gilbert,*  the  sonne  of  Roger  Prat,  esq'.,  was  buried 

the  ix*^  daie  of  June. 
1686.    Mary,  the  diaughter  of  Roger  Pratt,  esq',  and  Eleanor 

his  wife,  was  baptised  the  29*^  day  of  March. 
1648.    James  Bradley,  dar^,  and  M'»  Ann  Pratt,  were  married 

June 17"*. 

1646.    Mathew  Steede,  gnt.,   and  M'*  Ann  Pratt,  maried 

Feb.  4^\ 
1648.    John  Lacockef  was  buryed  the   twentieth  daye   of 

June. 


•  By  a  former  wife,  probably. 

t  On  a  subsequent  page  is  the  following : 

"A  Coppie  of  a  gift  or  Legacy  of 

John  Lacocke  of  Wimbotaham  to 

the  poors  of  thitp'ishf  ^for  aftmeraU 

annual  Sermon  on  the  dag  of 

his  burial  for  Ttosniie  gears. 

'*  Item,  I  doe  appoint  M'  Caatleton,  the  Minister  of  HUlington  in  the  County 
aforesd,  to  preach  my  funerall  sermon ;  and  for  his  paines  I  bequeath  him 
the  sume  of  tenne  shillings :  and  fuither,  I  desire  that  the  sd  M^  Castleton, 
if  hee  please,  should  preach  a  sermon  upon  j*  same  day  that  my  funeraU 
sermon  shall  happen  to  bee,  unles  it  bee  the  Sabbeth  daye,  for  the  space  of 
Twentie  yeares  to  come,  in  the  p'ishe  church  of  Wimbotsham  aforesd ;  for 
w<^  paines  I  give  him  the  sume  of  tenne  shillings  for  every  sermon.  And, 
in  case  the  sd  M'  Castleton  shall  refuse  soe  to  doe,  I  leaye  the  choice  of  some 
other  to  the  discretion  of  my  supyisor.  And,  further,  I  giye  and  bequeath 
unto  soe  many  of  the  poore  of  the  p'ish  of  Wimbotsham  aforesd  as  shal 
come  to  hear  the  sd  sermon  during  the  terme  aforesd,  the  sume  of  tenne 


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1650.  Eleanor  Pratt,  gent.,  was  buried  the  5^^  day  of 
November. 

M^  Thomas  Willis,  cler.,  was  buried  y®  fourth  day  of 

Februarie. 

1654.  WiUiam  Beun,  gentleman,  and  Susan  Sparrowe,  the 
daughter  of  Robert  Sparrowe,  of  Watlington  in  this 
county,  clerke,  were,  with  the  consent  of  the  said 
Robert  Sparrowe,  maryed  by  Gregory  Gawsell,  of 
Watlington  aforesaid,  Esq.,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  on 
the  Sixe  and  twentieth  day  of  January,  in  the  pre- 
sence of  Mr.  Edmund  Hudson,  Alderman  of  Lynne, 
and  John  Wastell  of  the  same  towne,  and  Robert 
Reade  of  Watlington  aforesd;  the  Bannes  of  such  mar- 
riage havinge  beene  before  the  solemnization  thereof 

shiUings,  to  be  equally  diyided  amongst  them  upon  every  sermon  daye. 
And,  further,  my  will  and  my  meaning  is,  that  for  the  tnie  pformance  of 
this  charitable  worke,  the  aforesaid  Diana,  my  wife,  for  the  term  of  her 
life,  and  also  John  Lamj^son  and  Margaret  his  wife,  and  likewise  Elizabeth 
Lampson,  the  daughter,  or  any  of  them  in  whose  hands  the  sd  two  houses 
shall  happen  to  bee  for  the  space  of  twenty  yeares  next  after  my*  death,  that 
they  or  any  of  them  shall  paye  out  of  the  sd  two  houses  the  sume  of  twentie 
shillings  upon  the  same  day  that  shall  happen  for  the  pformance  of  the  same 
gifts  for  the  Minister  and  the  Foore  as  is  before  specified,  according  to  my 
true  intent  and  meaninge  herein." 

After  the  year  1653,  on  a  spare  page,  is  this : 

*'  Thomas  TaUor  of  Runcton  made  his  will  the  twoe  and  twentie  daic  of 
Maij,  Anno  Dni.  1621 ;  and  he  gave  to  the  poore  of  Downham,  Wimbotsham, 
Stow,  Watlington,  Fincham,  Shouldham,  Stradset,  Wormgay,  Tottenhill,  & 
Outwell,  &  to  eyerie  of  them,  the  sume  of  Tenn  pownds,  to  be  paid  unto 
the  churchwardens  for  the  time  then  being,  w^*^  three  yeares  next  after  his 
decease  to  the  use  of  the  poore. 

"This  Legacie  of  Thomas  Taylor  was  paid  by  Henry  Doleman, 
executo'  of  the  last  Will  and  Testam^  of  the  aforenamed 
Thomas  Tailor." 

On  the  opposite  page,  is  a  memorandum,  that,  upon  the  Ist  January,  1653, 
John  Benn,  M.A.  and  Incumbent  of  Wimbotsham,  was  sworn  in  as  "ParUhe 
Register^**  before  Ghregory  Gawsell,  J.P.  John  Benn  is  not  noticed  by  Parkin 
in  the  list  of  Rectors  ;  but  he  succeeded  Willis,  a.  d.  1650. 


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published  in  the  parish  church  of  Wimbotsham  three 
several  Lord's  days,  viz.  January  8***,  the  15"*,  and 
the  22^* 

1656.  M^  John  Ben,  sometime  Rector  of  this  parish,  was 
buried  at  Watlington,  about  November  1656.  From 
March  y«  seaventh,  1656,  untill  May  1658,  the  Re- 
gister was  wholy  neglected,  and  then,  and  not  before, 
it  came  to  the  hands  of  me, 

Tho».  Stephens, 

the  present  Incumbent. 

1659.  M'.  Rob¥.  Cremer,  of  Cambridge,  was  married  to  M". 
Anne  Bell,  the  fift  day  of  Januarye,  1659. 

August  5,  1660.  Collected  in  Wimbotsham  towards  the 
reliefe  of  y*  inhabitants  of  Fakenham  w*^  suffired  by 
fire,  foure  shillings  and  seven  pence. 

Th.  Stephens,  Rector,  ibid. 

Th.Wiffen,         1  Churchwardens. 
Ismaell  Reeve,    / 
January  the  6**,  1660.     Collected  att  Wymbotsham  towards 
the  reliefe  of  the  inhabitants  of  Little  Melton  in  Norff., 
sustained  by  fire.  Two  shillings  and  fitc  pence. 
Th.  Stephens,  Minister,  ibid. 
Tho.  Wiflhi,         \  Churchwardens  and 
Ismael  Reeve,      )  Overseers. 
1674.    Waters  Drury,  Rector  de  Wimbotsham.  f 
1678.    M".  Elizabeth  Grey,  widow,  was  buried  October  y* 

25"*. 
1708.    Joseph  Cooper  of  Linne,  and  Elizabeth  Fuller  J  of 
Stow-Bardolph,  were  married  March  the  8"*. 

*  In  the  years  1654,  65,  and  56,  there  were  nine  of  these  civil  contracts 
solemnized  before  Gregory  Gawsell,  Esq.,  Thomas  Sheriffe,  Esq.,  William 
life,  Esq.,  and  Thomas  Drury,  Esq.,  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

t  He  so  signs,  and  not  Walter,  as  given  by  Parkin. 

t  Elizabeth  Fuller,  daughter  and  coheiress  of  Kobert  Fuller  of  Ipswich : 
she  died  16th  Not.  1714,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Nicholas  Chapel,  Lynn. 
Joseph  Cooper,  of  Lynn,  was  bom  at  Burford  in  Oxfordshire ;  being  son 


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148 

1772.    Baptism.     Clement,  son  of  S'.  Clement  TraflFord  and 

Isabel  Bouillon,  Jan^.  23/ 
1777.    Burial.     John  Howlet  (aged  108  years)  March  15*^. 
1745.    Marriage.     Rev*^.  Love  Shipley,  Clerk,  and  Penelope 

Clarges,  Apr.  23. 

Burials. 

1794.    Elizabeth,  the  wife  of  James  Cape  (in  the  chancel) 

Dec.  \T\ 
1803.    William  Money,  Gent**,  in  the  chancel,  Nov^  29^. 
1818.    Elizabeth  Bell,  wife  of  Philip  Bell,  Clerk,  Rector,  and 

only  daug'.  of   the  late   John  Collison,  merch?.   of 

Thomham,  aged  50,  Aug"*.  5*\ 
1884.    Philip  Bell,  clerk,  55  years  Rector  of  this  parish  and 

Vicar  of  Stow  Bardolph,  died  May  8^,  aged  88:  bur**. 

May  9*^. 
1840.    Lucy  Elizabeth  Allen,  2<»  daug'.  of  the  Rev*.  P.  Bell, 

and  wife  of  the  Rev^.  W.  M.  AUen,  ob.  April  9*^,  set. 

51 :  bur*.  Api.  16. 
1846.    Algerina  Bell,  eld.  daug'.  of  the  late  Rev«^.  Philip 

Bell,  8Bt.  58  years,  Dec'.  2'*. 

of  Joseph  Cooper,  by  his  wife,  Hester  Paget,  of  Chipping  Norton,  co.  Oxon. 
An  old  pedigree  makes  Joseph  Cooper  to  be  the  seventh  in  descent  from 
William  Cooper  and  Cicely  his  iirife,  to  whom  the  Priory  of  Thurgarton 
in  Nottinghamshire  was  granted,  30  Hen.  VlJl. ;  which  William  is  stated 
to  be  the  descendant  of  William,  a  second  ton  of  William,  fourth  Lord 
Bardolph,  of  Wormegay,  who,  in  consequence  of  being  bom  at  Coopar  in 
Fifeshire,  and  having  honours  there  granted  to  him,  did,  on  the  attainder 
of  his  elder  brother,  Thomas  Lord  Bardolph,  assume  the  name,  de  Cooper. 
Of  this  William,  second  son  of  William  Lord  Bardolph,  I  find  no  mention 
in  Dugdale,  or  in  Banks  ;  nor  have  I  met  with  any  authority  for  the  state- 
ment. The  arms  attributed  to  Joseph  Cooper  in  the  pedigree,  are,  Az.,  on 
a  chevron  arg.  between  three  cinquefoils  or,  two  lions  combatant,  sa. :  on  an 
escutcheon  of  pretence,  arg.,  three  bars  and  a  canton  gules,  for  FuUer.  He 
married,  secondly,  Mary,  daughter  of  Stephen  Allen  of  Darsingham. 


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REMAEKS  ON  SOME  ANCIENT  SHIELDS 

IN  THB 

(SetUng  of  t^e  5ottt$  Ainu  of  Zt  jSttcj^olaui'  dt'^wtff, 

GREAT  YARMOUTH. 

OOXXUNICATBD 

BY   THOMAS   WILLIAM   KING,   ESQ.,    F.S.A. 


In  April  last^  I  had  the  pleasure  of  visiting  Yarmouth^ 
when  the  preparations  were  in  progress  towards  the  restora- 
tion of  its  noble  church  to  a  state  worthy  of  its  antiquity  and 
importance ;  by  rendering  its  architectural  beauties  more  pro- 
minent^ than  when  disfigured^  as  they  had  been^  by  modern 
and  tasteless  innovations.  A  series  of  shields  in  the  south 
aisle^  inserted  in  bosses  at  the  intersections  of  the  ribs  of  the 
ceilings  claimed  my  attention ;  but,  from  the  length  of  time 
they  had  been  placed  there,  the  colours  of  the  arms  depicted 
upon  them  had  become,  in  some  instances,  much  obliterated ; 
and  in  others,  the  heraldic  charges  were  completely  lost  to  the 
naked  eye,  and  were  not  discernible  even  by  the  aid  of  a 
telescope.  Happily,  however,  those  charges  were  incised  in 
the  shields  where  this  difficulty  arose ;  so  that  no  question,  as 
to  what  they  originally  had  been,  occurred,  on  a  closer  in- 
spection of  them  when  taken  down. 

The  Committee,  under  whose  directions  the  works  of  res- 
toration are  proceeding,  did  me  the  honour  of  confiding  to 
my  care  and  supervision  the  re-emblazonment  of  these  in- 
teresting heraldic  remains ;  and  for  this  purpose  the  shields 
were  transmitted  to  me  in  London.     Before  I  placed  them 

M 


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in  the  hands  of  the  artist^  I  took  accurate  drawings  from  the 
originals  themselves^  and  noted  erery  peculiarity  attending 
them. 

From  the  causes  which  I  have  mentioned,  it  was  impossible 
to  distinguish  the  heraldic  distinctions  upon  the  royal  coats ; 
and  I  was  led  to  conclude,  when  I  saw  them  previously  to 
their  removal,  that  they  were  the  arms  of  BLing  Edward  the 
Third  and  his  five  sons ;  enough  being  distinguishable  to  show 
that  six  shields  contained  the  arms  of  France  ancient  and 
England  quarterly,  and  that  one  was  in  a  bordure.  Upon 
closer  inspection,  however,  my  supposition  proved  to  be  er- 
roneous; and  I  have  now  to  shew  to  whom  those  shields 
respectively  belonged.  I  should  not  have  deemed  it  neces- 
sary to  advert  to  a  previous  conjecture,  which  remained  open 
to  proof  and  correction,  had  not  a  statement  gone  abroad, 
and  been  made  in  the  provincial  papers,  and  since  echoed 
in  a  periodical  magazine,  that  those  shields  consisted  of  the 
arms  of  King  Edward  the  Third  and  his  sons,  "  in  the 
order  of  their  birth." 

The  entire  number  of  shields  which  were  discovered  upon 
preparing  the  ceiling  for  restoration,  was  thirty-two,  thirty  of 
which  were  original,  and  composed  of  oak ;  each  shield,  and 
the  boss  to  which  it  was  attached,  forming  one  piece.  The 
remaining  two  were  blank  shields  of  fir,  clumsily  nailed  on 
the  original  bosses,  and  daubed  in  imitation  of  qtuirterly  coats 
of  three  bends,  Sfc.y  giving  a  scenic  efiect  to  represent  coats 
of  arms.  I  merely  mention  this  circumstance,  as  such  taste- 
less and  improper  introductions  may  have  led  to  their  being 
noted  as  original  arms ;  the  fraud  not  being  distinguishable, 
in  consequence  of  the  great  height  at  which  they  were  placed, 
as  well  as  from  the  causes  which  rendered  the  genuine  coats 
so  uncertain  in  their  details,  as  before  observed.* 

*  These  two  shields  have  been  replaced  by  two  others  in  oak ;  one  em- 
blazoned with  the  ancient  arms  of  the  town,  prior  to  the  dimidiation  as  now 
borne ;  the  other,  with  the  arms  of  Gumey,  argent,  a  ero$t  enprailed  gulet. 


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The  first  shield  which  presents 
itself  for  consideration  or  descrip- 
tion, is  that  containing  The  Emblem 
OF  THE  Holy  Trinity.  This  shield 
scarcely  admits  of  an  heraldic  expla- 
nation: the  colours  had  suflFered  very 
little  from  age  or  other  casualty ;  the 
letters  were  perfectly  distinct,  and 
hare  now  been  re-inserted  in  their 
original  character.  It  cannot  be  con- 
sidered in  the  light  of  an  armorial  ensign,  as  it  is  not  appro- 
priate either  to  individuals  or  nations;  though  it  appears 
to  have  been  borne  by  the  "  Priour  of  Christ  Church  in 
London,"  with  the  field  azure  ;*  but  none  can  be  more 
significant  than  the  design  here  represented,  to  exhibit,  in 
a  concentrated  form,  the  doctrines  which  so  eminently  and 
so  truthfully  constitute  the  essence  of  the  Christian  Faith, 
in  acknowledging  the  Holy  Trinity.  The  same  emblem  was 
sculptured  in  stone  in  the  north  porch  of  Dedham  church 
in  Essex,  and  also  on  the  font.f 


No.  2. 


Or,  an  eagle  with  two  heads  displayed  sable. 

Immediately  following  the  shield 
just  mentioned,  is  that  containing 
the  arms  of  the  Emperor — or,  an 
eagle  with  two  heads  displayed  sable. 
Much  doubt  exists  as  to  the  period 
when  this  bearing  first  formed  the 
armorial  ensigns  of  the  Emperors  of 
the  West.  Some  have  considered  the 
adoption  of  the  double-headed  eagle 
to  have  been  as  early  as  the  fourth 


♦  Vincent's  MSS.  in  Coll.  Arm.,  No.  187,  folio  60. 

t  Symonds'  MSS.,  Vol.  I.,  39),  in  Coll.  Arm.  (being  a  valuable  collection 
of  Church  Notes  for  Essex,  in  three  vols.) 

M  2 


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152 

century,  when  Constantine  the  Great  remoyed  the  seat  of 
the  Roman  government  to  Byzantium,  and  the  empire  was 
divided  into  Eastern  and  Western.  It  appears  difficult  to 
prove  whether  the  ensign  of  the  Roman  power  ever  became 
what  is  now  represented  in  the  armorial  shield;  but  it  is 
not  improbable,  that,  when  heraldry  was  generally  intro- 
duced into  Europe,  the  Emperors  soon  carried  the  double- 
headed  eagle  on  their  escutcheons ;  and  many  opinions  have 
been  formed  upon  this  question.  The  truth  of  its  origin 
will  most  likely  ever  remain  in  obscurity ;  but,  to  adopt  the 
language  of  Nisbet,*  the  opinion  most  entitled  to  considera- 
tion is,  that  the  Emperors  of  the  East — ^but  long  after  the 
division  of  the  empire — carried  the  eagle  with  two  heads, 
which  practice  was  subsequently  followed  by  the  Western 
Emperors  upon  the  decline  of  the  Eastern  Empire ;  and  that 
from  the  time  of  Sigismund  it  was  borne  by  his  successors. 

Although  Nisbet  fixes  so  late  a  date  as  the  reign  of 
Sigismund,  as  the  period  when  the  use  of  this  armorial  en- 
sign was  first  regularly  adopted  by  the  Emperors  of  the 
West,  there  is  no  doubt  that  it  was  considered  as  the  imperial 
bearing  antecedently  to  Sigismund's  time.  It  occurs  on  rolls 
of  arms  of  the  thirteenth  century  with  the  arms  of  other 
foreign  states,  and  with  those  of  the  sovereigns  and  princes 
of  the  blood  royal  of  England;  copies  of  these  rolls  re- 
maining in  this  College,  t  The  imperial  ensign  (the  double- 
headed  eagle)  is  also  on  the  tomb  of  Edmond  of  Langley, 
hereafter  noticed,  who  died  in  140S ;  and  Sigismund  was  not 
elected  Emperor  till  1411. 

The  shield  immediately  under  consideration  follows  that 
of  the  Trinity,  as  before  observed,  and  precedes  that  of 
King  Edward  the  Third ;  a  position  which  this  imperial 
coat  always  possesses  in  point  of  precedency  with  the  arms 
of  European  sovereigns,  whenever,  upon  rolls  of  arms  or 

•  Niflbet'§  Heraldry,  Vol.  I.,  p.  844. 
t  L.  14,  pp.  26,  63,  63.    Vincent,  No.  165,  fol.  181. 


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153 

elsewhere^  it  is  tx)  be  found  amongst  them.  It  had  not 
suffered  any  injury  during  the  lengthened  period  in  which 
it  had  occupied  its  place  in  the  ceiling.  There  was  no 
appearance  of  a  glory,  or  of  a  nimbus,  about  or  over  the 
heads  of  the  eagle,  as  in  later  periods  was  sometimes  the  case 
in  the  arms  of  the  Emperors,  nor  were  there  any  regalia  de- 
noting the  powers  of  the  Emperor;  but  the  arms  were  simply 
as  here  delineated,  and  in  accordance  with  the  authorities 
from  the  ancient  rolls  to  which  I  have  alluded. 

From  the  suggestions  that  have  very  recently  been  offered 
in  the  OenUeman^s  Magazine,*  tending  to  show  that  the 
double-headed  eagle,  which  embellishes  the  church  of  East 
Dereham  in  Norfolk,  St.  Giles's  Hospital  in  Norwich,  and 
other  places,  is  a  religious  emblem,  I  beg  respectfully  to  differ. 
There  can  be  no  question  as  to  its  being  an  armorial  ensign, 
and  intended,  wherever  it  may  be  found  imder  circumstances 
similar  to  the  present,  to  designate  the  alliance  which  this 
country  had  with  the  Emperors  as  temporal  princes,  and  not 
as  an  emblem  of  the  church.  A  strong  instance  in  favour  of 
its  being  purely  an  heraldic  ensign,  appropriated  personally 
to  the  Emperor,  is,  that  in  the  north  windows  of  the  chancel 
of  All-Hallows  in  the  Wall,  at  Colchester,  the  shield  con- 
taining these  arms  was  ensigned  toith  the  imperial  crown,  f 
The  same  arms  were  also  in  St.  James's,  Colchester,  *'  in  the 
south  window  aloft  the  church."  {  In  a  manuscript  of  the 
date  of  1602,  in  this  College,  §  are  sketched  many  shields 
which  were  then  in  Norwich  cathedral ;  amongst  which,  the 
same  coat  appears  for  "  the  Emperor,"  with  the  shields  of 
arms  of  Castile  and  Leon,  Arragon,  and  Thomas  of  Brother- 
ton,  and  other  royal  coats,  together  with  Scales  and  Bardolf, 
as  existing  in  that  cathedral ;  the  three  last-mentioned  being 
also  in  Yarmouth  church.  But  it  does  not  appear  whether 
those  shields  were  in  windows  or  sculptured  in  the  building. 

•  Owt.  Mag.,  Not.  1847,  p.  480. 
t  Symonds,  I.,  421.  %  ^^^'  !•»  ^^3.  {  Vincent,  No.  423. 


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The  arms  of  the  Emperor  were  likewise  to  be  seen  in  a  north 
window  of  the  nave  of  York  cathedral ;  as  were  also  ^ose  of 
England^  France  ancient,  Castile  and  Leon,  Jerusalem,  and 
others  *  Amongst  the  numerous  instances  which  might  be 
adduced  of  the  arms  in  question  appearing  in  churches,  (and 
that  they  were  only  to  be  considered  as  those  of  a  temporal 
prince,)  one  occurs  in  which  the  double-headed  eagle  has  a 
crown  imperial  about  its  neck,  in  the  windows  of  Bramford 
church,  near  Ipswich.t  In  St.  Mary  Key,  Ipswich,  the  arms 
of  the  Emperor  were  also  to  be  found.  J 

The  alliance  between  this  country  and  the  Emperor  in  the 
early  periods  of  English  history  is  too  generally  known  to 
need  repetition;  nor  is  it  necessary  to  dwell  on  the  connection 
in  blood  or  affinity  which  subsisted  between  the  two  powers, 
otherwise  than  briefly  to  recal  to  our  recollection,  that  Maud, 
daughter  of  Henry  I.,  married  the  Emperor  Henry  V.  in 
1114;  and  though  by  him  she  had  no  issue,  she  subsequently 
became  the  ancestress  of  the  House  of  Plantagenet.  We 
need  not,  therefore,  be  surprised,  nor  ask  the  question, 
*'  What  had  the  Emperor  to  do  in  churches  where  his  arms 
are  to  be  found  ?"§  when  this  affinity  is  evidently  com- 
memorated wherever  we  see  the  imperial  coat  with  those  of 
the  Flantagenets ;  and  it  is  to  be  found  with  the  shields  of 
that  royal  race  in  almost  every  instance  in  which  the  royal 
arms  of  the  thirteenth  or  fourteenth  centuries  decorate  our 
churches.  This  will  account  also  for  its  occurrence  on  the 
tomb  of  Edmond  of  Langley.  Again,  the  marriage  of 
Richard  II.  in  1382,  with  Anne  of  Bohemia,  who  was  the 

*  This  window  is  beautifully  delineated  in  a  manuscript  in  Coll.  Ana.,  by 
Dugdale,  amongst  his  "Yorkshire  Arms,''  fol.  96,  97.  Vide  also  Drake's 
Eboracum,  p.  527. 

t  Tillotson  MS.  Soc.  Antiq.  (being  a  collection  of  Church  Notes  about  the 
end  of  the  serenteenth  century ;  principally  of  Norfolk,  Suffolk,  and  Essex) 
p.  609. 

t  Tillotson,  626. 

§  Vide  Gent.  Mag.,  Nov.  1847,  p.  480,  and  Dec.  1847,  p.  597. 


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daughter  of  the  Emperor  Charles  IV.,  may  also  hare  con- 
tributed to  its  introduction  in  the  same  way.  * 

Another  incident  may  equally  have  afforded  an  opportu- 
nity to  introduce  the  arms  of  the  Emperor  into  churches 
with  those  of  our  own  sovereigns,  and  is,  perhaps,  more  im- 
mediately connected  with  the  subject  of  these  remarks.  It  is 
well  known  that  on  the  occasion  of  the  siege  of  Calais,  20 
Edw.  III.,  Yarmouth  furnished  43  "shippes"  and  1088 
"  marriners ; "  Ipswich,  on  the  same  occasion,  12  ships  and 
289  mariners;  Colchester,  5  ships  and  90  mariners;  while 
London  only  sent  25  ships  and  662  mariners,  and  York  only 
1  ship  and  9  mariners.  The  Emperor  was  likewise  engaged 
in  this  memorable  and  successful  enterprise,  which  reflected 
such  renown  upon  the  English  monarch;  and  the  manu- 
script from  which  I  have  selected  the  foregoing  data  also 
records,  amongst  the  names  of  ^^  diuers  lords  straungers 
w^holden  in  the  King's  retjmnwe,"  that  of  "the  Emperor 
of  Bomaine  to  him  delyvered  in  prest  at  dyvers  tymes  for 
his  wages  and  men,  thes  somes,  8227^.  xij^. "  f  Here  we 
seem  to  have,  at  least,  some  coincident  reasons  for  attributing 
a  motive  for  placing  the  Emperor's  shield  in  the  churches 
to  which  I  have  particularly  referred. 

The  Emperor  Charles  IV.,  to  whom  allusion  has  been 
made,  was  elected  Emperor  in  1346,  and  died  in  1877 ;  and 
was,  consequently,  the  sovereign  of  Germany  at  the  time 
of  the  siege  of  Calais,  which  event,  if  not  in  itself  sufficient 
to  induce  the  English  to  place  his  arms  in  their  churches, 
might,  from  his  continued  alliance  with  our  country,  have 
led  to  the  imperial  arms  finding  a  place  with  those  of  the 
English  monarch. 

*  Maud,  the  eldest  daughter  of  King  Henry  the  Second,  married  Henry  the 
lion,  Duke  of  Saxony,  in  1167  or  1168 ;  and  by  him  had  issue  (inter  alia) 
Otho,  who  was  elected  Emperor  in  1198.  Vide  Anderson's  Genealogies,  p.  516. 

t  Vincent,  No.  92,  pp.  634 — 683  ;  which  gives  the  names  and  arms  of  the 
principal  persons  engaged  in  that  afOur,  and  other  curious  and  interesting 
matter. 


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The  alliance  of  this  country  with  the  Emperor  was  of  that 
intimate  character  in  1416^  as  to  occasion  an  imperial  visit,  in 
the  person  of  Sigismund,*  (who  had  been  chosen  Emperor 
in  1411,)  to  England.  He  was  thereupon  elected  a  Knight 
of  the  Garter  by  our  King  Henry  V. ;  and  left  England  in 
August  of  the  same  year.     Sigismund  died  in  1437. 

The  facts  to  which  I  have  briefly  alluded,  indicate,  at 
all  events,  the  good  feeling  which  subsisted  between  the 
Emperors  of  Germany  and  this  country;  and,  I  submit, 
clearly  prove  that  the  arms,  or,  an  eagle  toith  two  heads  dis- 
played sable,  in  Yarmouth  church  and  other  places,  were 
intended  to  designate  and  honour  the  Emperor  as  a  temporal 
princey  in  the  same  manner  as  the  arms  of  France,  of  Castile 
and  Leon,t  Arragon,  and  those  of  other  states  appear,  in 
the  instances  here  cited,  to  reflect  some  honour  on  the  princes 
of  those  dominions. 

No.  3.  Quarterly. — First  and  fourth,  azure,  sem^  of  fleurs  de  lU,  or ;  France 
ancient:  Second  and  third,  gules,  three  lions  passant  gardant,  in 
pale,  or ;  England. 

This  shield  follows  that  of  the 
Emperor :  the  fleurs  de  lis  in  the 
arms  of  France,  and  the  lions  of 
England,  were  incised^  as  well  as 
the  quarterly  line.  The  colours  had 
undergone  but  little  change ;  and 
the  charges  were  not  subjected  to 
much  artistic  shadowing,  which  in 
modem  times  is  so  usually  intro- 
duced, and  is  so  distasteful  to  the  true  lovers  of  heraldry.  J 

•  Son  of  the  Emperor  Charles  FV. 

t  John  of  Gaunt  and  Edmond  of  Langley  married  daughters  of  Feter  the 
Cruel,  King  of  Castile  and  Leon ;  and  the  former  assumed  the  style  of  King 
of  Castile  and  Leon. 

X  The  same  ancient  style  of  emblazoning  the  arms  was  observed  through- 
out all  the  original  shields  in  the  ceiling ;  and,  therefore,  in  describing  them 
in  these  remarks,  this  f&ct  will  require  no  further  notice. 


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Every  one  at  all  acquainted  with  English  history  will 
readily  .recollect  that  Edward  III.  was  the  first  English 
sovereign  who  introduced  the  arms  of  France  into  the  royal 
shield ;  that  those  arms  were  "  semi  of  fleurs  de  lis,"  in  the 
first  instance ;  and  that  the  reduction  of  the  number  of  the 
fleurs  de  lis  to  three  only,  did  not  take  place  till  a  later  reign. 
Edward  III.  succeeded  to  the  crown  of  England  in  1327; 
and  on  his  first  great  seal  bore  the  arms  of  England  only;  as 
his  predecessors,  commencing  with  king  Richard  the  First, 
had  done.*  He  afterwards  assumed  the  royal  arms  of  France, 
to  shew  his  claim  to  the  sovereignty  of  that  kingdom ;  and 
caused  his  great  seal  to  be  made,  first  introducing  the  French 
arms,  in  the  first  quarter  with  those  of  England,  upon  it,  in 
the  year  1340.  He  died  21st  June,  1377.  The  arms  of  France 
ancient  and  England,  quarterly,  were  also  borne  by  his  suc- 
cessors, Richard  II.  and  Henry  IV.,  on  their  great  seals. 


No.  4.     Quarterly, — France  ancient  and  England,  a  label  of  three  points 
argent. 

Edward,  Prince  of  Wales,  com- 
monly called  the  Black  Prince,  bore 
the  same  arms  as  his  father,  with 
the  diflference  of  the  label  as  above 
described.  The  arms  on  this  shield 
were  simply  emblazoned,  as  none  of 
the  bearings  appeared  to  be  incised  ; 
and  it  was  not  clearly  distinguishable 
whether  the  quarterly  line  was,  or 
not ;  the  label  was  only  painted. 

The  Black  Prince  was  the  eldest  son  of  King  Edward  III. 
and  Queen  PhDippa,  and  was  bom  15th  June,  1330.  He  was 
created  Duke  of  Cornwall  11  Edw.  III.,  and  Prince  of  Wales 


♦  Vide  Sandford,  ed.  1677. 
these  remarks. 


This  edition  is  the  one  referred  to  throughout 


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17  Edw.  III.,  1343.  In  the  British  Museum  are  drawings 
of  two  seals  of  this  prince ;  one  in  the  28  Edw.  III.,  both 
haying  the  same  arms  and  distinction  as  the  shield  in  Yar- 
mouth church.  *  On  another  seal  of  his  to  an  Inspeximus, 
dated  at  Chester,  20th  September,  34  Edw.  III., ''  sub  sigillo 
Scaccarii  nri  ibm,"  relating  to  the  town  of  Flint,  the  shield 
contains  only  the  arms  of  England  differenced  by  a  label  of 
Jive  points,  t  This  seal  was  probably  for  the  Earldom  of 
Chester.  In  Brooke's  Aspilogia,  fol.  5,  in  Coll.  Arm.,  is  an 
engraving  of  a  similar  seal,  having  a  counter-seal,  with  the 
arms  of  France  ancient  and  England  quarterly,  and  a  label  of 
three  points.  On  his  seal  to  a  deed,  dated  at  Macclesfield 
41  Edw.  III.,  the  arms  of  England  only,  and  a  label  oi  Jive 
points,  again  occur  ;j;  and  to  an  instrument  dated  at  London 
28th  November,  45  Edw.  III.,  the  seal  attached  thereto  is 
delineated  in  a  manuscript  in  this  College,  §  with  France 
ancient  and  England,  and  the  label  of  three  points.  The  use 
of  the  label  having  three  or  five  points  appears  to  have  been 
indiscriminate,  as  will  also  be  shewn  hereafter. 

This  prince  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Order  of  the 
Garter,  instituted  by  his  illustrious  father ;  and  the  well- 
known  badge  of  the  ostrich  feathers  was  first  borne  by  him, 
respecting  which  some  very  curious  particulars  have  lately 
come  to  light,  confirming  its  origin  to  have  arisen  from  the 
memorable  exploit  at  the  battle  of  Cressy. 

The  stall-plate  of  the  Black  Prince  is  not  extant  amongst 
those  of  the  Knights  of  the  Garter  in  the  Royal  Chapel  of 
St,  George  at  Windsor.  He  died  the  8th  June,  1376 ;  and 
on  his  tomb  in  Canterbury  cathedral  the  arms  described  at 
the  head  of  this  article  still  remain. 

•  Cott.  MS.    Jul.  cvii.  \6%\  182^. 

t  Harl.  MS.,  2099.  448^.  J  1  D.  14,  188,  Coll.  Ann. 

{  Vincent,  88,  fol.  88. 


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No.  5,     Quarterly,— ¥101106  ancient  and  England,  a  label  of  three  points 
ermine. 

The  royal  arms,  thus  differenced 
by  the  ermine  label,  were  borne  by 
John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster ; 
and  the  shield  here  presented  to  our 
notice,  was,  like  that  of  the  Black 
Prince,  merely  emblazoned;  but  the 
quarterly  line  was  incised.  The  label 
presents  a  peculiarity,  which  also 
occurs  in  those  hereafter  to  be  des- 
cribed, in  having  ttoo  charges  only, 
instead  of  three  on  each  point ;  thus  we  find  on  this  label 
only  two  ermine  spots  on  the  files  or  points. 

This  celebrated  prince  was  the  fourth  son*  of  King 
Edward  III.  and  Philippa  of  Hainault,  and  was  bom  at 
Gaunt  in  Flanders,  in  1340.  He  appears,  according  to 
Sandford,  to  have  used  several  seals;  the  arms  upon  them 
having  the  filial  distinction  of  a  label  ermine.  On  one  of 
his  seals  he  bore  the  arms  of  Castile  and  Leon,  on  the  dexter 
side,  impaled  with  the  royal  arms,  differenced  by  his  own 
label,  and  the  legend,  "  Johan  Roy  de  Castel  et  de  Leon, 
due  de  Lancastre."  He  was  elected  Knight  of  the  Garter 
in  1360 ;  no  plate,  however,  remains  in  St.  George's  Chapel ; 
and  he  was  created  Duke  of  Lancaster  37  Edw.  III.  He 
died  3rd  February,  1399,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Paul's 
cathedral. 


*  The  two  sons  bom  between  the  Black  Prince  and  John  of  Gaunt  were 
William  of  Hatfield,  who  died  young,  and  Lionel  of  Antwerp,  Duke  of 
Clarence.  There  was  also  another  William,  bom  next  to  Edmond  of  Lang- 
ley,  who  died  young. 


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No.  6.     Quarterly, — France  ancient  and  England,  a  label  of  three  points 
argent,  each  charged  with  two  torteauxes. 

This  shield  was  executed  in  the 
same  style  as   those  preceding  it ; 
the  quarterly  line  being  denoted  by 
incision.     The  points  on  the  label 
contain    only    two    torteauxes,    the 
usual  number  being  threey  and  thus 
borne     by    Edmond     of    Langley, 
Duke  of  York,  fifth  son  of  Edward 
III.  and  Philippa.      He  was  bom 
in  1341,  at  King's  Langley  in  Hert- 
fordshire, where  the  remains  of  an  ancient  palace  still  exist. 
In  the  50  Edw.  III.  he  was  constituted  Constable  of  Dover 
Castle  and  Warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports. 

Amongst  the  invaluable  collections  of  tracings  and  im- 
pressions from  the  stall-plates  of  the  Knights  of  the  Garter, 
preserved  in  this  College,*  upon  which  I  had  the  honour 
of  submitting  some  observations  to  the  Society  of  Antiqua- 
ries, in  1844,  t  there  is  a  tracing  from  that  of  this  prince, 
having  the  modem  coat  of  France.  It  is  quite  clear,  how- 
ever, that  in  his  lifetime  he  used  the  ancient  arms  of  that 
kingdom,  which  are  also  to  be  found  on  his  tomb  in  the 
church  at  Langley.  In  a  manuscript  in  this  College,  j:  his 
seal  is  exhibited  as  attached  to  a  treaty  (before  he  was  cre- 
ated Duke  of  York)  between  England  and  France,  having 
his  arms  quarterly  France  ancient  and  England,  a  label  of 
three  points  each  charged  with  as  many  torteauxes. 

It  is  also  worthy  of  notice,  that  on  his  tomb  may  be  seen 
the  arms  of  the  Emperor ;  those  of  the  Black  Prince  ;  of 
Lionel  of  Antwerp  (third  son  of  Edward  III.);  his  own 
arms  impaling  Castile  and  Leon  ;  his  own  arms  single ;  those 

•  Leake's  Garter- Plates,  3  vols,  in  Coll.  Arm. 
t  Archaioloffia,  Vol.  XXXI.,  pp.  164—181.  J  Vincent,  97. 


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161 

of  Thomas  of  Woodstock ;  and  of  John,  Duke  of  Bedford, 
(his  great  nephew).  *  The  arms  of  France,  in  all  the  in- 
stances in  which  they  appear  on  this  tomb,  are  semi  of  fleurs 
de  lis. 

He  was  elected  Knight  of  the  Garter  34  Edw.  III.,  and 
created  Earl  of  Cambridge  in  the  86th  of  that  sovereign's 
reign.  In  9  Rich.  II.  he  was  created  Duke  of  York,  and 
from  his  garter-plate  at  Windsor  being  inscribed  "  le  Duk  de 
York  Edmod,"  it  is  clear  that  it  was  not  put  up  in  his  stall 
until  after  he  had  been  advanced  to  that  dukedom.  But,  as 
it  is  very  doubtful  whether  any  of  the  garter-plates  now 
extant  were  placed  in  the  chapel  at  Windsor  before  the  reign 
of  Henry  the  Sixth,  the  circumstance  of  the  modem  arms  of 
France  attributed  to  Edmond,  Duke  of  York,  is  accounted 
for.t 

He  died  August  1,  1402,  3  Hen.  IV.,  and  was  buried  in 
the  priory  at  Langley.  Upon  the  dissolution,  the  tomb  was 
removed  into  Langley  church. 


No.  7.    Quarterly, — France  ancient  and  England  ;  a  bordure  argent. 

Thomas  of  Woodstock,  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  was  the  seventh  and 
youngest  son  of  Edward  III.  and 
Philippa  of  Hainaidt :  he  was  bom 
at  Woodstock  in  1355-6.  His  shield 
in  Yarmouth  church  was  embla- 
zoned in  the  same  style  as  the 
others;  but  the  quarterly  incised 
line  passed  through  the  bordure. 
He  was  created  Earl  of  Bucking- 
ham, 1  Rich.  II.,  and  Duke  of  Gloucester  in  the  9th  year  of 
that  king's  reign  ;    was  elected   Knight   of  the   Garter  in 


♦  Clutterbuck's  Hertfordshire,  Vol.  I.,  436,  and  Sandford,  359. 
t  Vide  Leake's  Oarter^ Plates. 


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162 

1380;  and  was  murdered  at  Calais  in  September   1397,  21 
Rich.  II. 

The  present  Lord  Stafford  is  said  to  be  heir  general,  and 
sole  representative  of  this  prince.*  His  seals,  given  by 
Sandford  and  other  authorities,  are  all  with  the  bordure  as  his 
filial  distinction.  There  is  no  plate  of  him  as  Knight  of  the 
Garter  remaining  at  "Windsor. 


No.  8.  Quarterly, — France  ancient  and  England,  a  label  of  five  points ;  the 
first  three  each  charged  with  two  ermine  spots,  the  remaining  two 
points  azure,  each  charged  with  two  fleurs  de  lis. 

This  shield  I  have  no  hesitation  in 
ascribing  to  John  Duke  of  Bedford, 
Regent  of  France,  third  son  of  King 
Henry  the  Fourth ;  though  the  first 
instance  in  which  I  find  the  royal 
arms  differenced  by  a  label  similar 
to  that  above-described  occurs  in  a 
sketch  of  the  seal  of  '^  Henry  of 
Lancaster,  Earl  of  Derby,  Hereford, 
and  Northampton,"  to  a  charter 
dated  18  Rich.  II.  ;t  the  filial  distinction  being  composed 
from  the  ermine  label  of  his  father,  John  of  Gaunt,  and  that 
of  his  maternal  grandfather,  Henry,  Duke  of  Lancaster,  who 
bore  his  label  azure,  each  point  charged  with  three  fleurs  de  lis. 
The  seal  just  mentioned  was  in  the  same  regnal  year  in  which 
Henry  succeeded  his  father  as  Duke  of  Lancaster  (who  died 
in  February  1399):  in  the  October  following,  he  assumed  the 
crown  of  England  as  Henry  the  Fourth. 

The  shield  immediately  under  consideration  differs  in  no 
respect  from  those  preceding  in  style  of  execution,  except 
that  the  label  was  incised  in  this  case,  as  well  as  the  quarterly 

*  Beltz's  Memorials  of  the  Garter^  p.  274. 
t  MS.  in  CoU.  Arm.    Glov.  Stem.    Vin.,  33,  fol.  96. 


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line ;  and  each  point  of  the  label  contained  only  two  charges 
instead  of  the  ordinary  number  of  three  ;  as  may  be  seen  in 
the  accompanying  sketch.  John^  Duke  of  Bedford^  bore  the 
same  filial  distinction  as  his  father  had  done  before  he  became 
sovereign.* 

At  whatever  period  the  arms  were  first  placed  in  Yarmouth 
church,  I  think  it  may  be  safely  conjectured  that  it  was  ante- 
cedent to  the  death  of  Sir  John  Fastolf ;  and  the  Duke  of 
Bedford  having,  most  probably,  adopted  his  label  upon  his 
father's  usurpation  of  the  crown  in  1399,  or  upon  his  own 
election  into  the  Order  of  the  Garter  on  the  death  of  Edmond 
of  Langley,  in  1402,  no  doubt  can  exist  that  the  arms  in 
question  are  intended  for  his ;  particularly  as  he  died  with- 
out issue  in  1435,  when  the  distinguishing  filial  cadency  he 
had  borne  consequently  ceased. 

His  garter-plate  has  France  modern,  and  is  inscribed 
"John  Fitz  de  Roy  due  de  Bedford." f  He  was  created 
Duke  of  Bedford  2  Hen.  V.  for  life  ;  and,  11  Hen.  VI.,  the 
same  dignity  was  regranted  to  him  and  the  heirs  male  of  his 
body.  J  It  is  not  improbable  that  his  garter-plate  was  co- 
temporary  with  him.  Sandford  (p.  306)  gives  an  engraving 
of  a  brass  upon  his  tomb,  on  which  his  arms  appear  to  have 
been  encircled  by  the  Garter ;  one  of  the  earliest  instances  of 
that  honourable  ensign  surrounding  the  shield  of  a  Knight  of 
that  order.  §     It  was  not  till  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Seventh 


*  The  filial  distinction  borne  by  Henry  of  Monmouth,  as  Prince  of  Wales, 
and  eldest  son  of  Henry  IV.,  was  the  label  of  three  pointi  argejit,  now  known 
as  the  Prince  of  Wales's  label ;  and  that  of  his  next  brother,  Thomas,  Duke 
of  Clarence,  was  erminef  on  each  point  a  canton  ffulet,  being  composed  from 
his  grandfather's  (John  of  Gaunt)  and  his  great  uncle's  (Lionel,  Duke  of 
Clarence.)  It  is  remarkable  that  John,  Duke  of  Bedford,  who  was  the  third 
son,  should  take  his  father's  label :  what  he  used  prior  to  his  father's  acces- 
sion to  the  crown,  I  haye  not  discovered. 

t  Leake's  Garter- Plates,  %  Sandford,  304. 

}  The  arms  of  Thomas,  Lord  Camoys,  K.G.,  who  died  fai  1419,  are  on  his 
tomb  in  Trotton  church,  in  Sussex,  surrounded  by  the  Garter.     A  copy 


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164 

that  some  of  the  Knights  Companions  first  surrounded  their 
arms  with  the  Garter  on  their  stall-plates ;  and  not  till  the 
following  reign  that  the  practice  became  universal  with  the 
knights  to  do  so  :  Henry  VIII.  was  the  first  who  so  bore  the 
royal  arms  on  his  great  seal. 

This  shield  is  also,  perhaps^  the  most  interesting  of  any  of 
the  series  ;  as  throwing  some  light  upon  the  period  when  the 
ceiling  of  the  south  aisle  of  Yarmouth  church  was  erected^ 
from  the  change  which  took  place  in  the  arms  of  France 
about  this  time,  by  reducing  the  number  of  fleurs  de  lis  to 
three.  It  is  quite  clear,  from  the  tomb  of  Edmond  of  Lang- 
ley,  that  in  1402  they  had  not  been  altered ;  as  the  arms  of 
the  Duke  of  Bedford,  with  his  label  as  before  described,  are 
there  to  be  seen,  (Henry,  Earl  of  Derby  and  Duke  of 
Lancaster,  having  become  King  of  England,)  with  the  arms 
of  France  ancient 

If  the  Duke  of  Bedford's  plate  was  actually  placed  in  his 
stall  at  the  time  of  his  creation  as  Duke  of  Bedford,  in 
2  Hen.  v.,  it  would  only  go  to  prove  that  the  alteration  in 
the  arms  of  France  took  place  as  early  as  that  year;  that 
change  having  been  usually  attributed  to  Henry  the  Fifth, 
probably  from  the  fact  of  his  great  seal  being  the  first  great 
seal  which  had  upon  it  the  arms  of  France  with  three  fleurs  de 
lis  only.  But  no  reliance  can  be  placed  upon  the  evidence  of 
the  garter-plate  in  this  matter,  as  it  was  not  only  not  put  up 
at  the  time  of  his  installation  as  a  Knight  of  the  Garter,  but 
not  till  after  he  had  been  created  Duke  of  Bedford. 

The  principal  evidence  by  which  a  tolerably  exact  period 
may  be  arrived  at,  (the  earliest,  I  believe,  known,)  when 
the  arms  of  France  became  changed  or  altered  in  the  armo- 
rial achievement  of  our  sovereigns  and  princes  of  the  blood 
royal,  is  a  seal  of  Henry  of  Monmouth,  when  Prince  of 

made  by  me  of  the  brass  on  this  tomb  was  received  in  evidence  at  the  bar  of 
the  House  of  Lordt,  in  the  Camoys  Peerage  case,  in  1838.  An  engraving  is 
also  given  in  DaUaway's  Sussex. 


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Wales,  in  the  siacth  year  of  the  reign  of  his  father.  King 
Henry  the  Fourth.*  Sandford  also  cites  indentures,  8  Hen. 
IV.,  on  the  seal  to  which  only  three  fleurs  de  lis  appear  ;t 
and  another  instance  of  the  arms  of  France  having  the  re- 
duced number  of  fleurs  de  lis  also  occurs  on  a  seal,  12  Hen. 
IV.,  to  a  charter  of  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  being  a  charter 
of  pardon  to  certain  tenants  of  Colshull,  in  the  county  of 
Flint,  t 

The  garter-plate  of  Henry  of  Monmouth  exhibits  the  mo- 
dem coat  of  France;  though  that  circumstance,  firom  reasons 
already  given,  has  little  to  do  with  the  present  question.  § 

The  arms  of  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  in  Yarmouth  church, 
may  be  considered  as  one  of  the  latest  instances  in  which 
the  ancient  arms  of  France  could  have  been  borne  by  the 
princes  of  the  royal  house ;  and,  if  we  may  indulge  in  the 
conjecture,  that  when  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales,  in  the  sixth 
year  of  his  father's  reign,  a.d.  1404  or  1405,  had  assumed 
the  three  fleurs  de  lis  only,  his  royal  brothers  simultaneously 
followed  his  example,  and  that  the  Duke  of  Bedford's  shield 
was  placed  in  the  church  while  he  was  living,  the  date  of 
the  ceiling  may  be  fixed  between  1399  and  1405.  But  it 
must  be  confessed  that  some  uncertainty  exists,  not  only  as 
to  the  period  when  those  shields  first  decorated  Yarmouth 
church,  but  also  as  regards  the  motives  which  led  to  their 
having  been  placed  in  it.  There  is  one  fact,  however, 
strongly  confirmatory  of  the  hypothesis  I  have  ventured  to 
offer  upon  the  date  of  the  ceiling,  namely,  that  the  arms 
of  Bishop  Spencer,  who  became  Bishop  of  Norwich  in  1370, 
and  died  in  1406,  are  also  to  be  seen  amongst  the  original 
shields. 

•  Sandford,  239,  270.    Jul.,  ctu.  182^. 

t  Sandford,  270.  t  Hail.  MS.,  2099,  p.  445. 

§  Leake's  Garter-Platet, 


VOL.   II. 


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No.  9.    England,  with  a  label  of  five  points,  argent. 

This  shield  was  next  in  order : 
the  style  of  its  emblazonment  pre- 
sents nothing  remarkable^  excepting 
that  the  charges  were  not  incised,  as 
some  of  those  on  the  other  royal 
shields  were.  The  arms  are  those  of 
Thomas  of  Brotherton,  Earl  of  Nor- 
folk, fifth  son  of  King  Edward  the 
First.  He  died  without  issue  male 
in  1338.  His  seal,  as  giyen  in 
Sandford,*  and  the  arms  ascribed  to  him  in  Norwich  cathe- 
dral, as  also  on  a  seal  in  the  time  of  Edward  III.  f  have  the 
label  of  three  points  only.  But  the  variation  in  the  number 
of  points  to  these  marks  of  cadency  for  the  sons  of  the 
sovereign  does  not  appear  to  have  been  of  any  importance. 
Thus,  Edward,  eldest  son  of  Henry  the  Third  (aflberwai'ds 
Edward  I.)  used  labels  having  respectively  three  and^t?^ 
points.}  Edward,  the  eldest  son  of  Edward  the  Second 
(afterwards  Edward  III.)  bore  the  labels  botli  ways  on  the 
same  seal ;  §  as  also  did  Thomas,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  eldest 
son  of  Edmund  Crouchback,  and  grandson  of  Henry  III.  % 

Thomas  of  Brotherton  died  without  issue  male,  leaving 
two  daughters,  the  eldest  of  whom,' Margaret,  was  created 
Duchess  of  Norfolk  for  Hfe.  She  was  married  first  to  John, 
Lord  Seagrave,  through  whom  she  became  the  ancestress  of 
the  Mowbrays  and  Howards,  Dukes  of  Norfolk.  On  her 
seal,  the  arms  of  England,  jure  patris,  had  a  label  oi  jite 
points :  the  arms  of  Seagrave,  and  those  of  Sir  Walter  Manny, 
ICnight  of  the  Garter,  her  second  husband,  were  also  upon 
the  same  seal.H 

*  Sandford,  121,  205.  f  Vincent,  No.  42S;  and  Vincent,  fo.  29. 

X  Sandford,  120,  127.  }  Sandford,  157. 

%  Sandford,  102,  107.  i|  Sandford,  122,  107. 


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Of  Edwaxd  the  Third^s  eons  who  arrived  at  maturity^ 
the  shield  only  of  Lionel  of  Antwerp,  Duke  of  Clarence, 
the  third  son,  is  wanting.  He  bore  the  same  arms  as  his 
father,  with  a  label  of  three  points  argent,  each  point  charged 
with  a  canton  gules.  He  died  in  1368,  leaving  Philippa  his 
daughter  and  heir,  who  married  Edmond  Mortimer,  Earl  of 
March;  by  whom  she  had  issue  Roger  Mortimer,  also  Earl  of 
March.  This  Roger  Mortimer  was  declared  by  Richard  II,, 
in  parliament,  heir-presumptive  to  the  crown,  in  preference 
to  John  of  Gaunt,  the  fourth  son  of  Edward  the  Third.  It 
is  not  improbable,  from  this  circumstance,  and  from  the  House 
of  Lancaster  having  obtained  the  ascendancy  in  the  person 
of  Henry  IV.,  that  the  shield  of  Lionel  was  omitted  in  the 
roof  of  the  church.  If  so,  the  omission  is  corroborative  of 
the  date  which  I  have  ventured  to  offer  as  to  the  erection  of 
the  ceiling  : — ^between  1899  and  1405. 

The  practice  of  placing  the  arms  of  the  sovereign  and 
his  family  in  our  churches,  appears,  in  the  middle  ages, 
to  have  been  in  great  measure  uniform ;  as  similar  series  of 
the  royal  arms  to  that  in  Yarmouth  church  are  to  be  found 
in  many  others;  either  embellishing  the  roofs,  sculptured 
upon  corbels,  fonts,  and  other  objects,  for  decoration;  or  in 
windows,  emblazoned  in  stained  glass;  and  frequently  with 
the  armorial  insignia  of  their  foreign  alliances.  Such  became 
a  prominent  feature  in  church-ornament  soon  after  the 
establishment  of  heraldry  as  a  system;  and  the  heraldic 
shield  was  almost  a  sine  qud  non  in  architectural  decoration, 
from  the  Early  English  to  the  Tudor  style  of  architecture. 

These  considerations  suggest,  that  the  modern  exhibition 
of  the  royal  achievement  in  churches  had  its  origin  in  the 
practice  to  which  I  have  just  alluded.  Upon  the  decline  of 
Gothic  architecture,  the  beauty  and  sublimity  of  which  began 
to  fade  soon  after  the  introduction  of  the  Tudor  style,  shields 
of  arms  ceased  to  be  an  embellishing  principle  in  the  decora- 
tion of  churches ;  and  when  the  gorgeous  architecture  of  the 

n2 


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Decorated  and  Perpendicular  styles  had  passed  away,  and 
the  auxiliary  splendour  of  heraldry  only  maintained  its  posi- 
tion during  the  Tudor  age,  the  loyalty  of  the  people  seemed 
to  have  survived  the  decline  of  all  that  was  beautiful  in  our 
ecclesiastical  architecture,  and  retained  the  arms  of  the  sove- 
reign as  a  sacred  part  of  church-ornament — too  important  to 
be  dispensed  with.  I  have  ventured,  however,  to  throw 
out  these  observations,  more  with  the  intention  of  eKciting 
remarks  from  others,  than  to  offer  an  opinion  of  my  own  on 
this  subject. 

Twelve  of  the  remaining  shields  to  be  noticed  in  this  essay 
presented  to  the  naked  eye  the  appearance  of  being  entirely 
sable.  Fortunately,  time  and  the  action  of  the  atmosphere 
had  not  effaced  the  incisions  in  which  most  of  the  heraldic 
bearings  had  been  delineated ;  but  on  those  shields  on  which 
"argenV^  was  emblazoned  in  silvery  the  metal  had  become 
quite  black,  which  gave  the  effect  of  blank  shields. 


No.  10.  Quarterly, — Argent  and  gules;  the  second  and  third  quarters  firettj, 
or ;  over  all  a  bend  sable ;  a  bordure  azure,  charged  with  fifteen  mitres, 
or:  Spenceb. 

This  shield  contains  the  arms  of 
Henry  le  Spencer,  Bishop  of  Nor- 
wich. The  heraldic  charges,  except 
the  mitres,  were  incised,  Henry  le 
Spencer  was  consecrated  Bishop  of 
Norwich  in  1870,  and  died  in  1406. 
It  seems  to  be  extremely  probable, 
from  his  arms  being  in  the  ceiling, 
that  he  was  living  at  .the  time  it  was 
erected.  If  so,  and  such  fact  be  taken  conjunctively  with 
those  already  referred  to,  as  regards  the  arms  of  the  Duke 
of  Bedford  and  the  omission  of  the  shield  of  the  Duke  of 
Clarence,  we  have  a  further  confirmation  as  to  the  exact 


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date  of  the  ceiling.  The  Bishop  was  grandson  of  Hugh  le 
Despencer,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  by  Eleanor,  daughter  of 
Gilbert  de  Clare,  Earl  of  Gloucester,  and  Joan  de  Acres 
his  wife,  who  was  daughter  of  King  Edward  the  First.  It 
seems  to  have  been  a  common  practice  with  the  bishops  at 
this  period  to  distinguish  their  arms  by  some  portions  of  their 
episcopal  insignia. 

No.  11.    Argent;  a  lion  rampant  sable,  crowned,  or :  Mo&let. 

This  shield  was  one  of  those  that 
had  the  appearance  of  being  solely 
black;  but,  upon  close  examina- 
tion, the  lion  was  distinctly  visible, 
and  the  tinctures  clearly  discern- 
ible. There  can  be  no  hesitation  in 
ascribing  it  to  the  family  of  Morley, 
Barons  Morley;  six  of  whom  had 
stimmons  to  Parliament,  from  the 
time  of  Edw.  I.  to  20  Hen.  VI*  Robert,  the  last  Baron 
Morley  of  that  name,  having  died  in  1442,  his  sole  daugh- 
ter and  heir  brought  the  barony  to  her  husband,  "William 
Level,  Baron  Morley;  from  whom  the  Parkers,  Barons 
Morley,  derived  that  dignity. 

The  arms  now  under  consideration,  following  my  hypothesis 
of  the  date  of  the  ceiling,  would  be  those  of  Sir  Thomas  de 
Morley,  K.G.,  Baron  Morley,  who  was  summoned  to  Parlia- 
ment from  6  Rich.  II.  to  4  Hen.  V.,  and  who  died  in  1416.* 
He  was  the  son  of  "William  de  Morley,  Baron  Morley,  by 
Cecily  his  wife,  daughter  of  Thomas,  Lord  Bardolf ;  and 
grandson  of  Sir  Robert  de  Morley,  Baron  Morley,  who  was 
at  the  siege  of  Calais  with  King  Edward  the  Third.  He  is 
said  by  Blomefield  to  have  married  Joan,  supposed  to  be 
of  the  Goumay  family.f     His  first  wife,  according  to  the 

*  Beltz's  Memoriais,  p.  clyiii. 
t  Blomefield's  Norfolk,  H.,  436—441. 


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170 

pedigrees  in  this  College,  was  Anne,  daughter  of  Edward, 
Lord  Spencer,  and  widow  of  Sir  Hugh  Hastings,  through 
whom  his  successors  descended:  a  second  wife  is  also  as- 
cribed to  him,  who  is  merely  called  "Anne,"  no  paternity 
being  mentioned. 

The  first  arms  of  Morley  were  argent,  a  lion  rampant  sable 
uncroionedy  till  the  dispute  about  the  arms  of  Burnell.* 


No.  12.    Gules ;  seven  escallops,  three,  three,  and  one,  argent :  Scales. 

Robert,  Lord  Scales,  to  whom  this 
shield  may  be  appropriated,  not 
only  from  the  circumstance  of  his 
being  contemporary  with  the  distin- 
guished personages  who  floiudshed 
in  the  reigns  of  Henry  the  Fourth 
and  his  successor,  but  also  from 
his  having  married  Elizabeth,  the 
daughter  of  William,  Lord  Bardolf, 
a  family  whose  connection  with  the 
neighbouring  village  of  Caistorf  is  so  well  known,  was 
summoned  to  Parliament  from  20  Rich.  II.  to  3  Hen.  IV. ; 
and  died  in  1402.  His  aunt  Margaret,  who  was  the  daughter 
of  Robert,  Lord  Scales,  by  Katherine,  the  sister  and  coheir  of 
William  Ufford,  Earl  of  SuflFolk,  became  (ultimately  in  her 
descendants)  a  coheir  of  the  Barony  of  Scales ;  and  married 
Sir  Robert  Howard,  ancestor  of  the  Dukes  of  Norfolk.  I 
have  thus  briefly  adverted  to  these  particulars,  as  the  same 
arms  appear  to  have  been  in  Norwich  cathedral,  j:  with  those 
of  Ufford,  Bardolf,  and  many  others ;  and  indicate  the  con- 
nections of  those  once  opulent  and  powerful  families  with  our 
county. 

*  Vincent,  B.  2,  214^.  f  Caistor  next  Yarmouth. 

X  Vincent,  428,  10. 


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No.  13.     Quarterly, ^Oi  and  azure ;  on  a  bend  gules,  three  crosses  boton£e, 
or :  Fastolf,  K.G. 

The  quarterly  line  and  the  bend 
were  incised^  the  crosses  laid  on  in 
gold.  This,  together  with  the  other 
shields  upon  which  the  arms  of  the 
family  of  Fastolf  were  found  de- 
picted, would  form  a  subject  too  ex- 
tensive for  my  present  inquiry.  The 
numerous  scattered  collections  and 
authorities,  and  insulated  pedigrees 
of  Fastolf,  with  such  documentary 
evidence  as  is  extant,  would  furnish  subject-matter  for  an 
exclusive  essay.  But  it  is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that,  with  so 
much  concerning  this  highly  honoured  family,  there  does  not 
exist  any  full  pedigree  of  the  Fastolfs,  by  which  the  descent 
or  connexions  of  Sir  John  Fastolf  can  be  clearly  discovered. 
Those  pedigrees  which  do  exist  are  so  varied  in  their  ac- 
counts, that  none  can  with  safety  be  relied  upon.  As  regards 
the  arms  also  of  the  valiant  knight,  the  best  evidences  are 
conflicting  ;  but  I  think  that  most  agree  in  assigning  to  him 
those  at  the  head  of  this  present  section, — ^namely,  with  the 
crosses,  and  not  the  escallops,  on  the  bend.  The  best  contem- 
porary evidence  of  his  bearing  the  crosses  was  the  chimney- 
piece  formerly  at  Caistor  Castle,  of  which  Anstis,  in  his 
History  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter,  has  given  an  engraving. 
His  arms  were  there  impaled  with  those  of  his  wife,  Milicent^ 
daughter  of  Sir  Robert  Tiptoft,  supported  by  angels ;  and  on 
another  shield,  his  arms,  singly,  surrounded  by  the  garter, 
over  which  was  his  helmet  and  crest,  supported  also  by  angels. 
I  think  it  highly  probable  that  the  crosses  were  borne  by  him 
only,  and  that  the  famiUes  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  were  not 
distinguished  from  each  other  by  the  crosses  or  escallops  re- 
spectively.    Indeed,  the  Suffolk  branch  seems  to  have  borne 


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simply,  quarterly,  or  and  azure,  *  and  resided  at  Pettaugh. 
It  may^  at  the  same  time,  be  questionable  at  what  period  he 
adopted  the  crosses ;  as  his  arms,  with  those  of  other  Knights 
of  the  Garter,  are  extant  in  a  MS.  in  this  College  of  about 
the  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  f  having  the  escallops ;  and  Vin- 
cent, in  his  Collections  of  Knights  of  the  Oarter,  gives  the 
same  coat;  in  which  account  he  is  followed  by  Ajshmole. 
In  Caistor  church  the  arms  of  Sir  John  Fastolf  were  "  quar- 
terly, or  and  azure,  on  a  bend  gules  three  crosses  fych^s, 
or,"  X  which  I  would  take  as  good  evidence  of  the  fact.  It  is 
to  be  regretted  that  no  garter-plate  remains  in  St.  George's 
Chapel  at  Windsor  to  throw  light  upon  this  subject ;  nor  am 
I  aware  that  any  seal  exists  by  which  a  definite  conclusion 
coidd  be  drawn  as  to  the  coat  which  the  Norfolk  hero  of  the 
fifteenth  century  bore.  The  MS.  in  this  College  to  which  I 
have  referred,  and  which  seems  to  be  a  record  concerning  the 
Stalls  of  the  Knights  of  the  Most  Noble  Order,  states,  "  S'. 
John  FastollflT  (to  have  been)  a  riche  knyght,  a  grete  bilder  : 
he  bilded  Caster  Hall  in  Northfolk,  and  a  roial  place  in  South- 
werk,  a  nother  in  Yarmouthe ;  a  special  good  mayster  to  the 
officiers  of  armes,  and  was  most  triumphantly  brought  in 
erthe  that  I  have  hard  of  any  of  his  degree."  Richard,  Duke 
of  York,  grandson  of  Edmond  of  Langley,  granted  £S0  per 
annum  to  Sir  John  Fastolf  for  his  services,  by  deed  dated 
at  London  12  May,  19  Hen.  VI.  §  A  copy  of  Sir  John 
Fastolf's  will  is  given  in  the  additional  MS.  8208,  with  nu- 
merous and  valuable  extracts  from  documentary  evidences 
respecting  the  family  of  Fastolf.  Anstis,  in  his  History  of  the 
Garter,  has  given  a  memoir  of  the  valiant  knight,  in  which 
much  curious  matter  may  be  seen;  and  here  I  should  not 

•  Vincent,  144,  86. 
t  Stalls  of  K.  G. 

{  Harl.  MS.,  901,  81.    Whether  those  arms  are  still  to  be  seen  in  Caistor 
chinch,  I  have  not  at  present  the  means  of  knoTmig. 
§  Sandford,  368. 


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be  doing  justice  to  our  hero,  did  I  not  refer  to  my  excellent 
friend  Mr.  Dawson  Turner's  History  of  Caistor  Castle,  in 
which  may  also  be  read  with  great  interest  his  account  of 
the  family,  and  of  the  remains  of  a  mansion  of  almost  regal 
splendour — the  residence  of  Sir  John  Fastolf,  shedding  so 
much  lustre  on  the  annals  of  our  natiye  county. 


No.  14.    Quarterly. — Or  and  azure ;  on  a  bend  gules,  three  escallops,  argent : 
Fastolf,  of  Norfolk. 

I  found  this  shield,  as  far  as  re- 
gards the  mode  of  emblazonment, 
similar  to  that  last  described;  the 
escallops  being  the  only  heraldic 
bearings  not  subjected  to  incision. 
From  the  several  members  of  the 
Fastolf  family  connected  with  Yar- 
mouth^ it  would  be  difficult  to  assign 
this  escutcheon  to  any  particular  in- 
dividual. Upon  reference  to  Swin- 
den,  it  will  be  seen  that  from  the  latter  part  of  the  thirteenth 
century  to  the  close  of  the  fourteenth,  many  of  the  Fastolfs 
were  among  the  chief  magistrates  of  Yarmouth,  and  that 
some  of  them  represented  that  borough  in  parliament  at  the 
earliest  period  when  it  had  the  honour  of  sending  members 
to  the  deliberative  councils  of  the  sovereign.  Swinden  (p. 
804)  recites  the  will  of  Richard  Fastolf  of  Great  Yarmouth, 
dated  the  28th  May,  1356,  in  which  he  desires  to  be  buried 
in  St.  Katherine's  chapel  in  St.  Nicholas'  church  there,  and 
gives  certain  rents  to  St,  Mary's  Hospital.  He  devises  to 
his  wife  his  capital  messuage  at  Caistor;  and,  in  accord- 
ance to  the  practice  of  the  times,  gives  certain  legacies  for 
the  support  of  lights  in  the  church  at  Yarmouth.  John, 
the  son  of  Aleiiander  Fastolf,  also  makes  his  will,  dated 
28  Sept.,  1388,  in  which  he   desires  to  be  buried  in  the 


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cemetery  of  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas  at  Yarmouth.  This 
will  was  proved  at  Norwich  25th  Oct.,  in  the  same  year.* 
These  circumstances  are  rendered  still  more  interesting,  from 
the  discovery  of  the  ancient  tomb  in  the  south  aisle  of  Yar- 
mouth church  (on  the  ceiling  of  which  these  heraldic  memo- 
rials, the  subject  of  this  paper,  have  been  so  long  preserved). 
The  remains  of  the  arms  of  Fastolf  were  just  visible  in  a  qua- 
trefoil  in  the  ogee  arch  of  the  tomb,  though  too  far  decayed 
to  ascertain  the  precise  bearings.  The  architecture  of  this 
tomb  would  correspond  with  the  date  of  the  wills  alluded  to. 
There  is  no  question  that  the  family  of  Fastolf  was  at  one 
time  extensively  connected  with  Norfolk;  and  I  have  no 
hesitation  in  saying  that  the  arms  with  the  escallops  were 
always  borne  by  them.  The  same  coat  is  quartered  by  seve- 
ral Norfolk  femilies — by  the  Wodehouses,  from  the  match  of 
John  Wodehouse  of  Kimberley  (temp.  Hen.  IV.)  with  Mar- 
garet, the  daughter  and  heir  of  Thomas  Fastolf:  f  by  the 
family  of  Jenney,  apparently  brought  in  through  Wiching- 
ham,  by  a  match  with  Katherine,  daughter  and  coheir  of 
Robert  Boys,  and  Joan,  daughter  and  coheir  of  Edmund 
Wichingham :  J  also  quartered  by  the  Southwells  ,•  Eichard 
Southwell  marrying  Amy,  the  daughter  and  coheir  of  Edmund 
Wichingham  and  Alice,  his  wife,  who  was  the  daughter  and 
coheir  of  John  Fastolf.  §  This  coat  of  Fastolf  also  appears 
on  two  other  shields  in  the  ceiling,  impaled  with  other  arms 
to  be  hereafter  noticed. 

•  Additonal  MS.,  8408,  p.  15^. 

t  Vincent,  123,  59.  t  Vincent,  123,  82. 

{  2  D.,  14,  157,  Coll.  Arm. 


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No.  15. — Azure ;  three  cinquefoilSf  or :  Babdolf. 

The  armorial  ensigns  of  so  im- 
portant and  influential  a  family  as 
that  of  Bardolf,  would,  it  might  be 
expected,  be  found  amongst  those 
embellishing  such  a  structure  as 
Yarmouth  church,  from  the  prox- 
imity which  the  Bardolfs  had  re- 
lative to  the  town.  Thomas,  Lord 
Bardolf,  for  whom  the  shield  now 
under  consideration  was  probably 
placed  with  the  others,  was  attainted  in  the  early  part  of  the 
reign  of  Henry  IV.,  and  died  in  1404.  Elizabeth,  his  sister, 
married  Robert,  Lord  Scales,  before-mentioned ;  which  may 
account,  in  some  measure,  for  the  arms  of  Scales  being  with 
them,  as  already  observed.  I  do  not  find  that  the  Bardolfs 
had  much  interest  in  Yarmouth.  Swinden  (p.  92)  tells  us 
that  in  12  Edw.  III.  commissions  were  issued  to  the  Lords 
Bardolf  and  Morley  for  the  custody  of  the  town  of  Yar- 
mouth. The  Lord  Bardolf  last-mentioned  was  John,  Lord 
Bardolf,  the  great-grandson  of  William,  Lord  Bardolf,  who 
married  Julian,  the  daughter  and  heir  of  Hugh  de  Gournay; 
who  brought  the  manor  of  Caistor  Bardolf  to  her  husband's 
family,  and  died  in  23  Edw.  I. 


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Nos.  16  to  22.    Sable ;  three  ban  gemels,  and  a  canton  argent :  Bdckton. 

These  arms  were  depicted  upon 
five  several  shields ;  the  silvering  of 
which,  in  all,  had  become  quite 
black:  upon  close  inspection,  how- 
ever^ and  the  bars  and  canton  being 
incised,  the  arms  were  easily  dis- 
cerned. It  is  only  by  inference  that 
I  am  enabled  to  suggest  the  name 
of  the  family  for  whom  this  shield 
occurs  in  the  ceiling.  It  is  amongst 
the  quarterings  of  Cornwallis  of  Brome,  in  the  county  of 
SuflFolk;  John  Cornwallis,  about  the  time  of  Edw.  III., 
having  married  Philippa,  the  daughter  and  coheir  of  Robert 
Buckton  of  that  place.  The  Cornwallis  family  also  quartered 
the  arms  of  Braham  and  Tey,  which  were  likewise  amongst 
the  quarterings  of  FastoH  of  Pettaugh;  and,  from  both  fami- 
lies intermarrying  with  that  of  Tyrrell,  little  doubt  exists  that 
the  Fastolfs  of  Suffolk  and  the  Bucktons  were  connected; 
and  thus  occasioned  these  arms  to  be  placed  in  Yarmouth 
church.  They  also  impale  Fastolf  in  another  shield  in  this 
series.  There  is  no  pedigree  of  the  family  of  Buckton ;  nor 
any  match  of  that  name  in  the  few  scattered  ones  of  Fastolf; 
but,  as  this  coat  answers  the  description  of  the  one  ajscribed 
to  Buckton  in  the  Cornwallis  quarterings,  it  may  in  this 
instance  be  intended  for  some  member  of  the  Buckton 
family. 

In  1348,  John  de  Buketon  was  presented  to  Little  Yar- 
mouth, on  the  nomination  of  the  Bishop  and  the  Prior  of 
St.  Bartholomew,  Smithfield.*  He  was  succeeded  by  Wil- 
liam Warrener  in  1372. 

The  circumstance  just  noticed  would  give  some  probable 
connection  with  Yarmouth  and  the  Buckton  family.     John 

*  Norria  MS. 


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de  Buketon  above-mentioned,  however,  seems  to  have  held 
the  living  of  Husbum,  *  in  the  diocese  of  Winchester ;  but 
the  greater  probability  of  these  arms  really  appertaining  to 
a  Yarmouth  family,  will  follow  from  some  observations  which 
I  shall  offer  in  connection  with  Fastolf  and  Thorpe,  before 
closing  these  remarks. 


No.  21.  Sable ;  three  bars  gemels,  and  a  canton  argent :  Bucktok  :— im- 
paling, Quarterlj/t  or  and  azure;  on  a  bend  gules,  three  escallops 
argent:  Fastolf. 


The  same  description  respecting 
the  entirely  sable  appearance  of  the 
Buckton  arms,  when  up  in  the  ceil- 
ing, is  applicable  here,  as  regards 
the  dexter  side  of  this  shield :  all 
the  outlines  of  the  bearings  upon 
it,  with  the  exception  of  the  es- 
callops, were  also  incised. 


Nob.  22  to  26.    Sable,  guttle  d'eau ;  a  Catherine-wheel  argent 

There  were  also  five  shields  con- 
taining these  remarkable  arms  in 
the  ceiling  of  the  south  aisle,  as 
was  the  case  with  those  containing 
the  single  coat  of  Buckton;  and, until 
they  were  taken  down,  they  had, 
like  them,  the  appearance  of  being 
blank  shields  entirely  sable.  An 
immediate  inspection  of  them,  how- 
ever, at  once  disclosed  that  all  the  charges  were  incised  upon 

*  There  are  two  yicarages  in  the  diocese  of  Winchester,  called  Hurst- 
bourne  Priors  and  Hurstboume  Tarrant,  one  of  which  is  probably  that  here 
referred  to. 


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them  with  great  precision ;  but  I  am  quite  unable^  from  the 
researches  I  have  made^  to  discover  to  what  family  these 
arms  belonged.  A  similar  coat  (sable^  a  wheel  argent  be- 
tween three  gutties  d'eau)  appears  in  a  collection  of  arms^ 
said  to  have  been  taken  from  some  Rolls  of  Arms^  probably 
about  the  time  of  Edward  l,y  as  being  those  of  '^  Jo.  de 
Boys;"*  but,  beyond  this,  the  coat  immediately  in  question 
remains  in  obscurity. 


Nob.  27,  2S.  Two  shields,  on  whicli  are  emblazoned  the  same  coat  as  that 
last  described ;  one  impaling  checqny  or  and  gules ;  on  a  fess  sable, 
three  martlets  argent :  Thobpe  :— the  other  impaling  Fastolf. 


The  dexter  sides  of  both  these  shields  appeared  perfectly 
black  when  up  in  the  ceiling:  the  martlets  and  escallops  were 
merely  painted,  the  rest  having  been  subject  to  incision. 
The  family  of  Thorpe  seems  to  have  been  of  Norfolk  in  the 
eleventh  and  twelfth  centuries ;  but  there  is  no  pedigree  of 
them  to  throw  any  light  upon  the  subject  of  these  inquiries. 
It  must  suffice,  therefore,  simply  to  observe,  that  "Sir  George 
de  Thorpe"  was  a  knight  in  the  time  of  Edw.  I.,t  and  that 
there  is  an  instance  of  the  arms  of  Thorpe  being  impaled  by 
Felbrigg,  another  ancient  Norfolk  family.  J     The  colours  of 

•  Vincent  164,  201^.  t  Vincent,  165,  18. 

t  L.  7,  61^  Coll.  Arm. 


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the  fess  and  martlets  in  the  various  arms  of  Thorpe  are  found 
to  vary  from  each  other. 


Ko.  29.     Qoarter/y.— First  and  fourth ;  sable,  guttte  d^eau ;  a  Catherine- 
wheel  argent:  second  and  third,  Buckton. 

This  shield  was  one  of  those 
which  presented  to  the  spectator 
the  deceptive  appearance  of  being 
entirely  sable,  without  any  heraldic 
charges.  From  the  observations 
which  have  already  been  made 
upon  the  arms  which  this  escutcheon 
contains,  the  subject  may  be  dis- 
missed, by  remarking  merely  that 
the  frequency  in  which  the  names 
of  de  Boys,  Buckton,  Thorpe,  and  Fastolf  occur  in  the  annals 
of  Yarmouth,  leads  to  a  conclusion  that  these  arms  were  those 
of  individuals  intimately  connected  with  the  town.  I  am  not 
prepared  to  say  that  the  first  coat  in  this  shield  belonged  to 
the  family  of  de  Boys ;  though  that  name  has  been  suggested 
by  the  circumstance  already  adverted  to, — of  a  similar  coat 
attached  to  that  name.  It  has  also  been  suggested  that  the 
name  of  Buckton  might  originally  have  been  Beketoriy  or 
de  BeketaUy  by  an  easy  transition  in  pronunciation ;  names 
which  constantly  occur  in  Swinden,  amongst  those  of  the 
chief  magistrates  of  Yarmouth  in  the  fourteenth  century; 
and  in  one  instance,  mentioned  in  Druery's  history  of  that 
town,  as  a  Burgess  to  Parliament  in  1S50.  The  impalementi 
of  the  Catherine-wheel  coat  with  Fastolf  and  Thorpe  respec- 
tively, and  quartering  Buckton,  evidently  denote  family 
connections;  but  in  the  absence  of  any  pedigree,  it  is 
impossible  to  arrive  at  any  genealogical  conclusion  upon 
these  highly  interesting  heraldic  remains.  The  fact  also, 
that  the  name  of  Thorpe  is  constantly  associated  with  that 
of  Beketon  in  affairs  relating  to  Yarmouth,  and  that  the 


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Thorpes  were  frequently  bailiffs  of  that  town  contempora- 
neously with  the  Beketons^  indicates  that  those  families 
possessed  great  interest  in  the  town.  The  first  occurrence 
of  the  name  of  Beketon  as  one  of  the  bailiffs  of  Yarmouth 
was  in  1338^  when  Eichard  de  Beketon  and  Bartholomew  de 
Thorp  were  two  of  the  bailiffs ;  and  the  last  occurrence  was 
in  1403^  upon  John  Beketon  being  one  of  the  fotir  bailiffs 
that  year.  The  Thorpes  held  that  office  first  in  1319,  when 
Bartholomew  de  Thorpe  was  one  of  the  bailiffs;  and  as  late  as 
1460  Thomas  Thorp  was  one  of  the  two  baUiffs  of  Yarmouth. 
It  is  also  curious  to  find  that  in  1342,  Richard  Beketon,  Adam 
Beketon,  and  John  Thorpe  were  owners  of  ships  in  the  Yar- 
mouth fleet  in  the  expedition  to  Brittany.  * 


No.  30.  The  arms  of  England,  (gules,  three  lions  passant  guardant,  in 
pale,  or)  ;  dimidiated  with  azure,  three  fishes  f  naiant  in  pale  argent, 
finned  gold ;  also  dimidiated :  X  Town  of  Yarmouth. 

These  may  be  called  the  modem 
arms  of  the  town  of  Yarmouth ; 
and  it  is  one  of  those  extraor- 
dinary instances  in  early  times, 
when  it  became  the  fashion  to 
represent  two  coats  in  one  shield 
by  dtmidiation/  or  to  halve  some- 
times only  one,  and  sometimes 
both  coats.  The  practice  of  dimi- 
diating coats  of  arms  preceded  that 
of  impaling  them  when  intended  to  denote  marriage ;  though 
on  seals,  marriages,  after  the  introduction  of  dimidiation  and 
impalement,  were  very  frequendy  indicated  by  other  means. 

*  Swinden,  925. 

t  Query:  herrings? 

X  In  the  Yisitation-Book  of  Norfolk,  A^.  1563,  they  stand  as  '*the  vsuall 
armes  of  the  towne  of  Greate  Yermouth  at  this  psent."  The  burgesses'  seal 
is  there  represented  as  three  fishes  naiant  in  pale. — G.  I,  105,  Coll.  Arm. 


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Dimidiation  originated  as  early  as  in  the  thirteenth  century; 
but  for  many  obvious  reasons  the  practice  was  not  of  very 
long  continuance ;  though  it  was  protracted  to  a  later  period 
in  other  countries.  The  ancient  coat  of  Yarmouth,  perhaps 
assumed  at  the  time  of  receiving  its  first  charter  from  the 
hands  of  King  John,  was,  parted  per  fess,  in  chief  the  royal 
arms  of  England,  and  in  base  azure  three  fishes  naianty  two 
and  one,  argent:*  it  is  therefore  probable  that  the  present  coat 
was  adopted  as  early  as  the  time  of  Edward  the  First.  The 
town  received  this  high  mark  of  royal  favour,  of  incorporating 
the  arms  of  England  with  those  which  they  had  adopted  to 
denote  their  staple  article  of  commerce,  probably  from  the 
interest  which  our  early  sovereigns  appeared  personally  to 
take  in  their  prosperity.  The  arms  of  the  city  of  Chester  will 
afford  support  to  an  hypothesis  of  this  nature,  being  composed 
of  the  royal  arms  of  England  and  those  of  the  old  Earls  of 
Chester  ;t  both  coats  dimidiated,  so  that  the  dexter  half  of 
the  shield  shows  the  three  demi  lions  passant,  and  the  sinister 
side  one  garb  and  a  half  of  the  arms  of  the  Earls  of  Chester. 
The  arms  of. the  Cinque  Ports  give  another  instance  of 
dimidiation ;  and  there  are  also  several  arms  of  towns  com- 
posed of  impalements.  Of  this  latter  class,  though  not  as  the 
arms  of  any  particular  town,  but  somewhat  connected  with 
this  subject,  is  a  remarkable  instance  of  impaling  municipal 
arms.  In  a  collection  of  ancient  arms,  apparently  executed 
about  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth  century,  now  in  this 
College,}  there  is  a  painting  of  the  arms  of  Calais,  (harry 
nebulee  of  six,  argent  and  sable;  on  a  chief  gules,  a  lion 
passant  guardant  or,)  impaling  those  of  the  Cinque  Forts. 
I  need  not  point  out  the  intimate  connection  of  this  country 
with  France,  and  that  Calais  was  once  a  favourite  and  import- 
ant possession  of  the  English  crown ;  but  why  the  armorial 

•  These  arms  were  registered  at  the  Visitation  of  Norfolk,  A°.  1663,  as 
"the  oulde  and  auncient  armes  of  GreateYarmouthe.'*— G.  1, 105,  Coll.  Arm. 
t  Azure,  three  garbs,  two  and  one,  or.  J  M.  10,  129»». 

VOL.   U,  O 


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insignia  of  Calais  should  impale  those  of  the  Cinque  Ports 
must  remain  an  open  question^  unless  any  commercial  associa- 
tions led  to  uniting  the  arms  of  those  important  towns,  on 
each  side  of  the  channel. 


In  conclusion,  I  have  only  to  add  that  the  shields  which 
have  been  the  subject  of  this  essay  have  again  been  restored 
to  the  ceiling  of  the  south  aisle  of  Yarmouth  church ;  and 
it  is  gratifying  also  to  observe  that,  under  the  judicious  and 
tasteful  proceedings  of  the  Committee  entrusted  with  the 
restorations  in  that  sacred  edifice,  the  ceiling  and  its  decora- 
tions have  given  the  highest  satisfaction.  In  order  to  com- 
plete the  whole  heraldic  design  of  the  ceiling,  in  consequence 
of  the  removal  of  a  modem  cornice,  sixteen  other  shields  of 
arms  have  been  added ;  being  those  chiefly  of  individuals 
immediately  connected  with  the  town  in  former  days,  or 
otherwise  with  the  royal  and  illustrious  persons  mentioned 
in  these  remarks. 

Thos.  Wm.  King, 

Rouge  Dragon. 

COLLBQB  OF  AbMB,  Lom>ON, 

26th  February,  1848. 


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EXTRACTS 

PSOM  TBB 

CHAMBERLAIN'S   BOOK  OF  ACCOUNTS, 

14  HEN.  IV. 

ni  TBS  POMMUOM  Or  TRB 

OTorporatuin  of  ilsnn  ISegtsas* 

COMBIUNICATED    BY  THE  REV.    G.   H.   DASHWOOD, 

IN   A  LBTTEB 

TO   DAWSON  TURNER,   ESQ.,   V.  P. 


My  dear   Sir, 

I  had  lately  put  into  my  hands  by  one  of  our 
members,  Mr.  A.  H.  Swatman,  a  book  of  the  Chamberlain's 
Accounts,  belonging  to  the  Corporation  of  Lynn  Kegis ;  and 
he  called  my  attention  to  an  account  of  the  expenses  of  a 
journey  to  London,  in  the  time  of  King  Henry  the  Fourth, 
which  I  think  might  prove  interesting  to  some  of  the  members 
of  our  Society.  Should  you  agree  with  me  in  this  view,  I 
shall  be  obliged  by  your  submitting  the  follo'v^g  notice  to 
the  Committee. 

Yours,  very  sincerely, 

G.  H.  Dashwood. 


In  the  reign  of  King  Henry  the  Fourth,  it  appears  there 
had  been  *' divers  dissensions  and  discords"  between  the 
Burgesses  and  Commonalty  of  Lynn,  concerning  the  election 

o  2 


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184 

of  a  mayor.  In  the  13th  of  that  king,  several  writs  were 
sent  down,  requiring  the  presence  of  certain  persons,  and  the 
production  of  certain  writings,  at  Westminster,  for  the  deter- 
mination of  the  dispute. 

The  writs  are  entered  in  the  Chamberlain's  Book ;  and  the 
names  of  the  persons  riding  up  to  London  on  this  account  are 
given.  Each  person  is  attended  by  his  servant,  with  the 
exception  of  John  Bucworth  and  William  Walden,*  who 
have  one  servant  between  them;  also  John  Meryell  and 
Thomas  Midilton,  with  one  servant  between  them;  and 
William  Cook  and  John  Denver,  who  do  not  appear  to 
have  had  any.  The  whole  number  of  persons,  including 
servants,  was  twenty-two :  a  goodly  cavalcade. 

The  route  was  the  same  as  that  formerly  travelled  by  the 
old  coaches,  before  the  more  direct  low  road  by  Ely  and 
Cambridge  was  used;  namely,  by  Stoke  Ferry,  Brandon^ 
and  Barton  Mills  to  Newmarket,  whence  they  edged  off  to 
the  right,  taking  the  line  through  Babraham,  Barkway,  Ware, 
and  Waltham-Cross,  to  London. 

The  time  occupied  in  the  journey  forms  a  striking  contrast 
to  the  railroad-speed  of  the  present  day.  The  first  halt  of 
the  company  was  at  Brandon  Ferry,  24  miles  from  Lynn, 
where  we  may  conclude  they  dined ;  and  the  expenses  there 
were  7*.  Srf.  Continuing  their  journey,  they  reached  New- 
market, 17^  miles,  the  same  night;  at  which  place  their 
expenses  were  \\s.  9Jrf.  The  next  morning  they  proceeded 
to  Badburgham,  {Babraham^  a  little  out  of  the  present  road, 
and  about  12 miles  from  Newmarket,  to  breakfast;  expending 
there  4^.  4rf.  Thence  to  Barkway,  about  16  miles,  where 
they  had  dinner,  at  the  cost  of  Is.  2d.  Taking  horse  after 
dinner,  they  reached  Ware,  13 J  miles,  the  second  night; 
at  which  place  their  expenses  were  10*.  ejrf.  Proceeding 
thence    on    the   third    morning,  they  baited   at  Waltham, 

*  W.  Walden'a  servant  appears  to  hare  followed  afterwards ;  as  in  a 
later  part  of  the  account  his  expenses  are  charged. 


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(Waltham-Crosst  probably,  as  the  town  of  Waltham  lies  a 
mile  and  a  half  out  of  the  direct  road,)  expending  Ss.;  and 
continuing  their  journey  to  London,  they  expended  68.  2d. 
for  cookery  there  the  same  day. 

Various  charges  then  follow,  for  provisions  and  wine,  the 
latter  especially,  when  they  appear  to  have  treated  their 
counsel  learned  in  the  law;  for  their  passage  by  water  to 
Westminster ;  for  fees  paid  to  counsel ;  and  subsequently  for 
expenses  on  their  return  home. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  CHAMBERLAIN'S  BOOK. 

NoTa  psona]^  equitan?  Londofi  virtute  feriin  pdco]^,  p  ^cep? 
maioris  ex  consensu  %  assensu  coitar,  noiataj^  et  electa]^  in 
Gilda  Aula  Lennse  pdcae  p  consensum  coitat  ibm  congi?,  tent 
iftm  die  lunae  px^  post  festu  scae  Fidis  Virginis,  Anno  R^ 
Heni^  quarti  xiiij,  ppt  negocia  villaB  Lennae  pdcae, — videlic 
Barthus  Petipas  cu  famulo  suo,  Johes  Bilneye  cu  famulo  suo, 
Wittus  Baret  cu  famulo  suo,  Wittus  Hallyate  cu  famulo  suo, 
Johes  Tilneye  junior  cu  famulo  suo,  Jacob}  Nichasson  cu 
famulo  suo,  Johes  Bucworth,  Wifius  Walden  cu  uno  famulo, 
Johes  Meryell  T;  Thorns  Midiltone  cu  uno  famulo,  Wittus 
Palmer  cu  famulo  suo,  Wittus  Cook  ^  Johes  Denver. 

Maiore  T;  coitate  concordant  T;  pmittent  fen  et  fidelit  solue 
oines  T:  singtas  expn  ^dca^  psonaj^  p  dcos  maiore  T;  coitar,  ut 
pmittit*^,  London  missa]^  fact  seu  faciend  ut  p3  manib}  congr^, 
pdict  penultio  penett  in  fine  Rotuli  inf*. 

t  Waltham-Cross  is  one  of  the  twelve  crosses  erected  by  King  Edward  the 
First  to  the  memory  of  his  Queen,  Eleanor  of  Castile,  at  the  places  where 
the  body  rested,  on  its  conveyance  to  Westminster.  She  died  at  Herdby,  in 
Lincolnshire,  a.d.  1290.  The  sites  of  the  crosses  were,  Lincoln,  Gtrantham, 
Stamford,  Geddington,  Northampton,  Stony-Stratford,  Wobum,  Duistable, 
St.  Alban's,  Waltham,  West-Cheape,  and  Charing.  The  only  three  now 
remaining  crosses  are  at  Geddington,  Northampton,  and  Waltham. 


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186 

Comp  Witti  Walden  %  Johis  Bucworth,  caiSai?  villas  Lennae 
de  Anno  R^.Henr^  quarti  xiiij. 

8  Recept  ex  consensu  maioris  *!  solucoib}  \ 
p  negociis  villae  de  Lenna  .  •      f        «     — .  —m 

8  i>artno.   Fetypas   ex  pte   maioris  ptis  i 
xviij  psonaj^^  l2.  .  .  .      / 

Item.  Recep?   de  Johe  Maseye  CaiSai^  p 
negociis  ^dcis  ....      iij^*.  xij".  xj*^. 

Sm*  to^  Re^.  xxxiiij".  vj«.  iij^. 

(Tranalation.) 

Names  of  the  penons  riding  to  London,  (in  consequence  of  the  aforesaid 
"Writs),  by  precept  of  the  Mayor,  with  consent  and  assent  of  the  Corporation, 
nominated  and  elected  in  the  Guildhall  of  Lynn  aforesaid,  by  the  consent 
of  the  common  court  there  assembled,  held  on  the  Monday  next  after  the 
feast  of  St.  Faith  the  Virgin,  in  the  year  of  the  reign  of  King  Henry  the 
Fourth,  the  fourteenth,  touching  the  afiaiis  of  the  town  of  Lynn  aforesaid : 
namely,  Bartholomew  Petipas  with  his  servant,  John  Bilneye  with  his  ser- 
Tant,  William  Baret  with  his  seirant,  William  Hallyate  with  his  servant, 
John  Tilneye,  junior,  -with  his  senrant,  James  Nichassone  with  his  servant, 
John  Bucworth  and  William  Walden  with  one  servant,  John  MeryeU  and 
Thomas  Midilton  vrith  one  servant,  William  Palmer  with  his  servant,  William 
Cook  and  John  Denver. 

The  Mayor  and  Corporation  agreeing  and  promising  well  and  faithfully 
to  pay  all  and  singular  of  the  aforesaid  persons  (by  the  said  Mayor  and 
Corporation,  as  is  spoken  of  before,  sent  to  London)  the  outlay  incurred  or 
to  be  incurred,  as  is  made  manifest  in  the  acts  of  the  aforesaid  assembly 
(inscribed)  in  last  schedule  but  one,  at  the  end  of  the  Roll  below. 

The  account  of  William  Walden  and  John  Bucworth,  Chamberlains  of 
the  town  of  Lynn,  in  the  year  of  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Fourth,  the 
fotirteenth. 

£.  «.    d. 

Sum  received  by  consent  of  the  Mayor  and  Corporation,  and  \ 
for  the  payments  touching  the  affairs  of  the  town  of  Lynn  .    .  r      oa  i  o    a 

Sum,  from  Bartholomew  Petipas,  on  the  part  of  eighteen  i 
persons  on  the  Mayor's  side,  &c.  .  .  / 

Also  received  of  John  Maseye,  Chamberlain,  for  the  aforesaid 
matters  .  .  .  .      3  12  11 

Sum  total  of  Receipts,  £34.  6«.  3<2. 


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Inde  comp  solut  in  expn  London  p  manus  Joliis  Bucworth 
T:  Witti  Walden  CaiSai?  villae  Lennse  pdcae  p  causa  coitar  hoc 
anno  xiiij^  ut  patet  pcelt  sequ. 

Item  comp  in  expn  vsus  London  xxij  ho- 
minu  et  equo]^  suoj^  solur  apud  Brandon  fery 
quo^  noia  patent  sup*  ^c.        .  .  .  vij'.  iiij^. 

Item  in  expii  solut  apud  nov  mercatum 
eadcm  nocte  ....         xj^  ix*.  ob. 

Item  in  expn  solut  apud  Badburgh*m  ad 
Jentactm         .  .  .  .  .  iiij*.  iiij^. 

Item  in  expn  solu?  eodm  die  apud  Berk- 
waye  in  p*ndio  ....  vij*.  ij**. 

Item  in  expn  solut  eadm  nocte  apud  Ware         x®.  vj^.  ob. 

Item  in  expn  solut  baytyng  apud  Waltham  iij". 

Item  in  expn  solut  apud  London  die  ven^is 
in  coquina       .....  vj*.  ij**. 

Item  in  expn  solut  die  SabH  px)  sequ  in 
coquina  .....  v'.  x**. 

Item  solut  navigand  p  aqua  ad  Westm  ij 
dieb}  .....  xii**. 

Item  solut  p  vino  empt  hoib}  nf is  T;  legis 
pito^  de  consilio  nro  .  .  .  iij*.  ij**. 

Item  in  expn  apud  London  die  dihca  px) 
sequ  in  coquina  ....  vij*.  v^. 

Item  solut  eodm  die  p  pocill^  gallinis  cu 
salciam,  candett,  aqua,  pipiro,  croco,  *!  pulue 
gyngeb}  empt  .... 

Item  in  expn  solut  die  lunse  px]  sequ  in 
coquina  %  batilla§  ad  Westm 

Item  solu?  p  j  pixide  emp?  p  evident 
custody  ..... 

Item  in  expn  solut  cu  batilla^  ad  lambhithe 
1  Westm)  ac  vino  empt 

Item  solut  p  scriptur)  copiaj^  divsaj^  evidenc 


viij'.  xi 

*.  ob. 

iiij». 

viij^, 

iiij** 

ij". 

iiij^ 

iij' 

'.iV* 

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188 

Item  in  expn  solur  die  Sabti  sequ  in  pane 
coquina  oystres  *!  casco  empt  .  .  vj'.  ij*^. 

Item  in  expii  xxij  hoim  ix  dieb3  in  pane 
9  yis  *!  ligno  focat       .  .  .  .  xxxiij".  ij*.  ob. 

Item  in  expn  apud  London  ix  dieb}  xxij 
equoj^  T;  lectis  cu  candett         .  .  .  iiij**.  v*. 

Item  comp  in  Elemosina  dat  paupib3  p  via 
T;  London       .....  vij''. 

Item  solar  Jofai  Deny  p  coi  causa  equitand 
ad  London      .....  vj".  viij^. 

Item  in  expn  xiij  hoim  die  dnica  in  coquina  viij*.  iij**. 

Item  in  expn  eodm  die  ad  coDna  *\  in  vino  .  ij*.  viij**. 

Item  in  pipiro  poudr^  croco  *!  pulve  gyngefer  ij*.  j**.  ob. 

Item  in  expn  die  mcui?  sequ  apud  Westm) 
ad  jentachn  cu  consilio  nro  in  pane^  vino,  ^ 
coquina  ac  Batilla^  ad  Lambhithe  T;  Westm)        viij*.  v<*.  ob. 

Item  in  expii  vini  dulcis  ^  Batillag  ad 
WestiS  .....  ij«.j^. 

Item  in  expn  solu?  p  ij  casiis  *l  whetbred  * 
p  oystres         .....  xiiij^. 

Item  solur  in  expn  unius  equi  stanr  apud 
Ware  xvij  dieb}  ....  iij". 

&c.,  &c. 


*  Wheat-bread.  In  the  Forme  of  Cttry,  compiled  in  the  previous  reign, 
is  given  the  following  mode  of  dressing  oysters : — **  Take  oysters,  paiboile 
hem  in  her  own  broth.  Make  a  lyor  (a  mixture)  of  crustes  of  brede,  and 
drawe  it  up  with  the  broth  and  vinegar.  Mynce  oynons,  and  do  thereto 
with  herbes,  and  cast  the  oysters  thereinne.  Boile  it;  and  do  thereto 
powdor  fort  and  salt,  and  messe  it  forth." 

Another  mode,  given  in  a  cotemporary  Roll,  is  this: — <<For  to  make 
oystryn  in  bruet. — ^They  shall  be  schallyd,  and  ysod  in  clene  water ;  grynd 
peper,  and  safron,  bred,  and  ale,  and  temper  it  wyth  broth ;  do  the  oystryn 
ther'ynne,  and  boyle  it,  and  salt  it,  and  serve  it  forth.*' 


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0 

7 

4 

0  11 

H 

0 

4 

4 

0 

7 

2 

0  10 

6» 

0 

3 

•  0 

0 

6 

2 

0 

6  10 

0 

1 

0 

189 

{Translation.) 

Account  of  paymentfl  for  expenses  to  London,  by  the  hand  of  John 
Bucworth  and  William  Walden,  Chamberlains  of  Lynn  aforesaid,  for  the 
cause  of  the  Corporation  this  year,  tbe  fourteenth,  as  appears  by  the  fol- 
lowing particulars : — 

£   «.    d. 
Item  account  of  expenses  up  to  London,  of  twenty-two  men 

and  their  horses,  paid  at  Brandon  Perry,  whose  names  appear 

aboye,  &c.     ....... 

Item  expenses  paid  at  Newmarket  the  same  night 

Item  expenses  paid  at  Badburgham,  for  breakfast 

Item  expenses  paid  the  same  day  at  Berkwaye,  at  dinner 

Item  expenses  paid  the  same  night  at  Ware 

Item  expenses  paid,  baiting  at  Waltham 

Item  expenses  paid  at  London,  on  the  Friday,  for  food  f 

Item  expenses  paid  the  Saturday  next  ensidng,  for  food 

Item  paid  in  going  by  water  to  Westminster,  two  days  . 

Item  paid  for  wine  bought  for  our  men  and  for  those  of  the 
learned  in  the  law  of  our  counsel    .  .  .  .  .032 

Item  in  expenses  at  London  on  the  Sunday  next  following^  for 
food  cooked  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .076 

Item  paid  the  same  day,  for  little  cups,  hens  (pcuUUJt  , 
sauces,  %  candles,  water,  pepper,  saffiron,  and  powdered  ginger 
bought 0    8  llj 

Item  in  expenses  paid  the  Monday  next  following,  for  boat-hire 
to  Westminster  and  food  there  *     .  .  .  .  .048 

Item  paid  for  a  chest  bought  for  the  safe  keeping  of  the 
evidences       .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .004 

Item  in  expenses  paid  for  boat-hire  to  Lambeth-hythe  and 
Westminster,  and  for  wine  bought .  .  .  .  .024 

Item  paid  for  the  writing  of  copies  of  different  eyidences  .034 

Item  in  expenses  paid  on  the  Saturday  following,  for  bread, 
cooked  food,  oysters,  and  cheese  bought     .  .  .  .062 

Item  for  expenses  of  twenty-two  men,  nine  days,  in  bread, 
beer,  and  firewood    .  .  .  .  .  .  .    1  13    2§ 

Item  for  expenses  in  London  nine  days,  twenty-two  horses, 
and  beds,  and  candles  .  .  .  .  .  .405 

Item  account  of  money  expended  in  charity,  given  to  poor  men 
by  the  way,  and  in  London  .  .  .  .  .007 

Item  paid  John  Denver  for  riding  to  London  for  the  common 
cause  .  .  .  .  .  .  .068 

t  Coquina,  Cibaria  Coacta. 
X  Salciamentum,  pro  Salsamentum,  Condimentum, 


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Item  in  expenses  for  thirteen  men,  the  Sunday,  for  food 

Item  in  expenses  the  same  day  at  supper,  and  in  wine  . 

Item  in  ground  pepper,  saffron,  and  powdered  ginger     . 

Item  in  expenses  on  the  Wednesday  following  at  Westminster, 
at  breakfast  with  our  counsel,  in  bread,  wine,  and  cooked  food     . 

Item  in  expenses  for  sweet  wine,  and  boat-hire  to  Westminster 

Item  in  expenses  paid  for  two  cheeses,  and  wheat-bread  (or 
white-bread)  for  oysters       ...... 

Item  for  the  expense  of  one  horse  standing  at  Ware  seventeen 
days  ......... 


z. 

«. 

d. 

0 

8 

4 

0 

2 

8 

0 

2 

li 

0 

8 

5* 

0 

2 

1 

0     1     1 


0    3     0 


Dona  T;  solucoes  facta  legis  pitis  terrae  retent  de  consilio 
maioris  coitat  p  divsas  vices  ut  p3  in  pcell  sub}  scriptis. 

Item  solut  Rico  Norton  *  sergeant  .  xx". 

Item  solut  Johi  Burton  sergeant 

Item  solut  Wittmo  Skrene  sgeant 

Item  solut  Wiftm  Lodyngtonf 

Item  solut  Martino 

Item  solut  Wittmo  Cheyne  J 

Item  solut  Johi  Babyngton  § 

Item  solut  Johi  Conyngeston 

Item  solut  Wittmo  Gascoigne  ||  juniori 

Item  solu?  Avay  de  Manston 


xx^ 

xiij*.  iiij^. 
xiij^.  iiij*^. 
xiij*.  iiij**. 
xiij^.  iiij^. 
xiij*.  iiij**. 
xiij*.  iiij^. 
xiij".  iiij**. 


*  Richard  Norton  was  constituted  Chief  Justice  of  the  court  of  King's 
Bench  Ao.  1  H.  6. 

t  Sergeant  at  Law  1  H.  5.  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench  3  H.  5.  He  died 
Ao.  1419,  and  was  buried  at  Grimsby,  in  Lincolnshire ;  where  is  a  handsome 
brass,  bearing  his  effigies  under  a  canopy,  to  his  memory. 

t  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench  3  U.  5.     Chief  Justice  of  the  Pleas  2  H.  6. 

{  Attorney  General  1  H.  5.  Chief  Justice  of  the  Exchequer  7  H.  5. 
Justice  of  King's  Bench  1  H.  6. 

Ij  The  son,  probably,  of  the  famous  Sir  William  Gascoyne,  Chief  Justice  of 
the  King's  Bench,  who  committed  to  prison  Prince  Henry,  afterwards  King 
Henry  V.  The  Chief  Justice  died  Ao.  1412,  leaving,  by  his  first  wife,  one 
son,  William  Gascoygne,  of  Gawthorp,  Esq. 


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191 

Item  solur  Wittmo  Champeneys 

Item  solur  Kobto  Faston 

Item  solur  Jofei  Fraiike  If 

Item  solu?  Galfi^  Walsh»m 

Item  solur  Johi  Aldirford 

Item  solur  Jolii  Crosse  de  Lenne 
&c.,  some  of  the  same  names  occurring  to  a  second  payment. 
The  amount  of  these  lawyers'  fees  being  xv".  and  the  whole  is 
thus  summed  up : — 

Sm*.  to*,  xxxv^^  xij«.  v^.     Et  sic  debent"^. 
Wittmo  Walden  T;  Johi  Buckworth  Camefl  xx-vj*.  ij**. 


xiij^  iiij^. 
xiij".  iiij**. 
xiij».  iiij**. 

vj».  viij*^. 

vj«.  viij^. 

yj^  viij**- 


This  is  the  account  of  the  expenditure  of  the  moneys 
received  in  advance ;  viz.,  xxxiiij^.  vj**.  iij^. 

But  their  suit  appears  by  a  continuation  of  the  accounts  to 
have  cost  them  more  than  double  the  above  sum.  Among 
the  subsequent  entries  are  the  following  items : — 

Item  p  cquita?  Witti  Hallyate  1  famuli  sui 
a  London  usq}  Norwicu  et  a  Norwico  usq} 
LenSS  et  ad  civitate  London  irato 

Item  in  vino  dulci  consilii  nri  apud  Westm 
T;  in  coi  ifem  .... 

Item  p  gduccone  uni^  equi  famulo  Wifli 
Hallyate  p  xiij  dieb}  T;  p  stipend  dci  famuli  p 
vij  Septus  T;  iiij  dieb} 

Item  da?  'Rido  Secreta3  dni  Cancellar] 

Item  da?  ciico  Rotulo^  in  Cancellar) 

Item  solur  p  sigilla?  exemplificacois 

Item  solur  p  scriptui?  ejusdm  exemplifica- 
cois "^  recordo  ejusdm 


xiiij'.  ij''.  ob. 


viij*.  X'' 


vj^  viij'^ 

vj».  viij*^. 

xP. 

xxiij^ 

Ixxiij*.  iiij**. 


f  Master  of  the  Rolls  2  H.  6.    Chancellor,  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal, 
11  H.  6, 


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192 

(^Trantlation.) 

Gifts  and  payments  made  to  those  of  the  land  learned  in  the  law,  retained 
as  counsel  for  the  Mayor  and  Corpoxation  at  diyers  times,  as  appears  in  the 
underwritten  particulars. 

£.   «.  d. 
Item  paid  to  Richard  Norton,  sergeant    .  .  .10    0 

[The  names  of  the  other  legal  men  employed  are  not 
given  here  in  the  translation,  as  it  would  only  be  a 
repetition  of  the  original.] 

Item  for  the  riding  of  William  HaUyate  and  his  serrant  from 
London  to  Norwich,  and  firom  Norwich  to  Lynn,  and  again  to  the 
city  of  London         .  .  .  .  .  .  .    0  14    2^ 

Item  in  sweet  wine  for  our  counsel  at  Westminster,  and  in 
common  wine  there .  .  .  .  .  .  .    0    8  10 

Item  for  the  hire  of  one  horse,  by  the  serrant  of  William  Hal- 
lyate,  for  thirteen  days,  and  for  the  pay  of  the  said  servant  for 
seyen  weeks  and  four  days  .  .  .  .  .068 

Item  given  to  Richard,  Secretary  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  0    6*8 

Item  given  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Rolls  in  Parliament        .  .200 

Item  paid  for  the  sealing  of  the  Exemplification  .  .13    0 

Item  paid  for  the  writing  of  the  same  Exemplification,  and  for 
the  record  of  the  same         .  .  .  .  .  .    3  13    4 

We  have  here  a  burgess  and  his  servant  performing  a 
journey  from  London  to  Norwich,  thence  to  Lynn,  and 
thence  back  again  to  London,  at  the  expense  of  only 
14«.  2 id.  By  a  comparison  of  the  general  charges  with 
those  of  the  legal,  it  seems  that  even  in  those  days  law 
was  rather  an  expensive  pastime. 

G.  H.  D. 


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dtopm  an)i  Ctanelationis  of  CtDO  Mtt'tKf 


IN  THB  P088B8SION  OP 


THE  CORPORATION  OF  LYNN. 

COMMTJNICATED  BY  DAWSON  TUBNBR,  ESQ..  V.P. 


I  TRUST  it  will  be  admitted  that  the  following  documents, 
nowhere,  I  believe,  yet  published,  may  be  considered  as 
having  a  claim  upon  the  notice  of  a  Norfolk  Archaeological 
Society;  the  one  from  its  general,  thei  other  &om  its  local 
interest. 

The  former  allows  us  one  of  those  peeps  into  monastic 
life,  which,  at  the  same  time  that  they  are  of  little  real  mo- 
ment, are  both  entertaining  and  instructive.  It  shows  us 
how  close  were  the  bargains  the  monks  made  with  their  de- 
pendents, the  amount  they  used  to  pay  them  and  the  manner 
of  payment,  the  quantity  of  food  they  allowed  them,  the  strict 
conditions  they  imposed,  the  provisions  made  in  case  of  illness 
and  age,  and  the  custom,  which  what  is  expressed  rather  than 
said  can  leave  no  doubt  then  prevailed,  of  smuggling  victuals 
out  of  the  convent  and  selling  them. 

The  latter  instrument  is  without  a  date ;  but  the  presence 
of  John  de  Freyton  and  Eobert  de  Scales  among  the  attesting 
parties  shows  that  it  must  have  been  of  about  the  year  1270 ; 
inasmuch  as  their  names  occur  in  Blomefield's  History  of 
NorfolkfYoh  IV.,  pp.  478,  646,  attached  to  documents  dated 
the  49th  and  64th  years  of  King  Henry  III.  This  deed 
derives  its  chief  interest  from  referring  to  the  lands  held  by 
the  Abbot  of  Wardon,  a  Bedfordshire  monastery,  in  Lynn, 


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194 

where  neither  Dugdale,  Blomefield,  nor  Tanner  mentions  his 
having  had  any  possessions ;  and  from  the  allusion  to  the 
Bretach,  or  Wooden  Tower,  constructed  there  by  the  Bishop 
of  Norwich,  a  circumstance  likewise  unnoticed,  as  far  as  I 
have  been  able  to  find,  by  historians. 


Hcec  indentura,  facta  xxvi  die  Februarii,  MCCCLXXVIII, 
inter  Priorem  et  Conventum  Ordinis  Fratrum  Heremitarum 
Sancti  Augustini,  Lennse,  ex  un4  parte,  et  Galfridum  de  Gad- 
grave,  servientem  eorundem,  ex  altera  parte,  testatur.  Quod 
prsedictus  Galfridus  manebit  cum  prsedictis  Priore  et  Con- 
ventu,  prsBsentibus  et  successuris,  ad  terminum  vitse  suae, 
et  eis  bene  et  fideliter,  pro  posse  suo,  deserviet,  in  officiis  ad 
pistrinam  et  molendinum  pertinentibus ;  et  ea  quae  ad  repa- 
rationem  officiorum  praedictorum  pertinent,  pro  modo  suo  et 
ingenio,  faciet ;  ad  expensas  tamen  conventds,  materiel  com- 
petenti  ordinate,.  £t  antedictus  Galfridus  recipiet  annuatim, 
de  Priore  et  Conventu  antedictis,  pro  stipendio  laboris  sui, 
quamdiu  indictis  officiis  commode  potuerit  laborare,  xxx  soli- 
dos  usualis  monetae,  ad  quatuor  terminos  anni  consuetos, 
aequalibus  portionibus  sine  dilatione  solvendos.  Et  si  con- 
tingat  praedictum  Galfridum  infirmitate  affici  sive  senectute, 
quo  minus  in  officiis  antedictis  ulterius  valuerit  laborare, 
stipendium  annuale  non  recipiet,  scd  stabit  in  mens&  Con- 
ventiis  ut  prius  solebat;  et  prout  fratribus  assolet  in  victu- 
alibus  deservietur  eidem.  Praeterea,  si  saepe  dictus  Galfridus 
tam  gravi  senectute  seu  infirmitate  oppressus  fuerit,  qu6d  ad 
mensam  conventualem  nequierit  convenire,  tunc  recipiet  ad 
cameram  suam,  quam  Conventus  sibi  teneatur  ordinare,  sin- 
gulis septimanis  viii  panes  conventuales  et  vii  potellos  cerevisiee 
et  pietanciam  sicut  unico  fratri  in  Conventu  tunc  temporis 
ftierit  ministrandum ;  ita  tamen  qu6d  prsefatus  Galfridus  prac- 
dicta  victualia   ad    proprios  usus  habeat;    sed   ea  vendere 


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nullo  modo  licebit  eidem.  Et  ad  istas  conventiones  fideliter 
perficiendas,  tarn  Prior  et  Conventus  prcedicti,  ex  parte  suft, 
et  supradictus  GalMdus^  ex  parte  sua,  fideliter  compromi- 
serunt.  In  cujus  rei  testimonium  sigillum  dicti  Gal&idi  ad 
partem  indenturarum  prsesentium  penes  praedictos  Priorem 
et  Conventum  remanentem  est  appensum.  Datum  in  loco 
nostro  capitulari  Lennse,  die  et  anno  supradictis. 

{Trarulation.) 

This  Indenture,  made  February  26, 1378,  between  the  Prior  and  Convent  of 
the  Hermit  Friars  of  the  Order  of  St.  Augustine  at  Lynn,  on  the  one  side,  and 
Geofirey  de  Gadgrave,  their  seryant,  on  the  other  side,  testifies ;  That  the 
said  GeofiErey  shall  remain  with  the  said  Piior  and  Friars,  as  well  present  as 
future,  to  the  end  of  his  life,  and  shall  well  and  faithfully  serve  them,  ac- 
cording to  his  power,  in  all  matters  appertaining  to  the  bakehouse  and  mill, 
and  shall,  according  to  his  ability  and  talents,  do  whatever  is  required  for 
the  reparation  of  the  said  offices ;  but  at  the  expense  of  the  Convent,  they 
finding  the  necessary  materials.  And  the  aforesaid  GeofiErey  shall  receive 
annually  from  the  aforesaid  Prior  and  Convent  in  reward  for  his  labour,  as 
long  as  he  shall  be  able  properly  to  work  at  the  aforesaid  duties,  thirty  shil- 
lings in  current  coin,  at  the  four  usual  seasons  of  the  year,  in  equal  sums, 
without  delay.  And  if  it  should  so  happen,  that  the  aforesaid  Geofirey 
bhould,  by  reason  of  debility  or  old  age,  be  prevented  from  continuing  to 
work  in  the  aforesaid  offices,  he  shall  no  longer  receive  his  annual  stipend 
but  shall  be  admitted,  as  before,  to  the  table  of  the  Convent ;  and  the  same 
portion  of  victuals,  as  is  usually  allotted  to  each  Friar,  shall  be  served  to 
him.  Moreover,  if  the  repeatedly-mentioned  Geof&ey  should  labour  under 
such  a  weight  of  old  age  and  infirmity  as  shall  disable  him  from  attending  at 
the  Conventual  table,  he  shall  then  receive  weekly  in  his  own  chamber 
(which  chamber  the  Convent  is  bound  to  keep  for  him),  eight  convent-loaves, 
and  seven  bottles  of  ale,  and  such  allowance  of  food  as  may  at  that  time  be 
given  to  every  Friar  in  the  Convent.  Upon  this  condition,  however ;  that 
the  aforesaid  Geoffi:ey  shall  apply  the  before-mentioned  victuals  exclusively 
to  his  own  use,  and  shall  in  no  case  be  allowed  to  sell  them.  And  as  well 
the  before-mentioned  Prior  and  Convent  on  their  part,  as  the  before-men- 
tioned Geofi&ey  on  his,  have  faithfully  pledged  themselves  to  the  faithful 
performance  of  this  agreement. 

In  testimony  of  this,  the  seal  of  the  said  Geoffirey  has  been  attached  to 
the  copy  of  the  present  indentures,  remaining  with  the  aforesaid  Prior  and 
Convent.  Given  in  our  Chapter-House  at  Lynn,  on  the  day  and  year  afore- 
said. 


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Sciant  preeentes  et  futuri,  qu6d  ego,  Willelmus  Howard, 
dedi,  concessi,  et  h&c  prsesenti  cart&  mek  confirmavi  Alder- 
manno  et  &atribus  Magnse  Gildae  LennsB,  pro  quddam  sum- 
m&  pecunise  quam  mihi  dederunt,  quandam  yacuam  placeam 
terrse  in  Burgo  LennaB,  jacentem  inter  communem  gutturam 
juxta  terrain  Abbatis  de  Wardon  versus  Austnim  et 
Bretachiam  Norvicencis  Episcopi  versus  Aquilonem,  juxta 
portum  de  Lenn&,  salvo  Domino  Norvicensi  Episcopo  et 
successoribus  suis  cHemino  in  latitudine  decern  pedum  inter 
prsedictam  placeam  et  Bretachiam  priedictam  eundo  circa 
eandem  Bretachiam ;  et  extendit  se  ilia  placea  versus  Ori-  ^ 
entem  quantiim  se  extendit  messuagium  quod  fuit  Nicholai 
de  Bretham  ex  alter&  parte  ejusdem  Bretachiae,  quod  habuit 
de  dono  Domini  Willelmi,  quondam  Episcopi  Norvicensis, 
et  usque  ad  aquam  versus  Occidentem,  cum  toto  solo  sabuli 
quod  eidem  places  accrescitur,  seu  per  chayas  per  dictos 
Aldermannum  et  fratres  ejusdem  Gildse  et  assignatos  suos 
levandum  accrescere  poterit ;  tenendam  et  habendam  dictam 
placeam  cum  pertinentiis  suis  et  cum  incremento  soli  et 
sabuli  adjacentis,  usque  ad  aquam  preedictam,  dictis  Alder- 
manno  et  fratribus  dictse  Gildae  et  assignatis  suis  de  Episcopo 
Norvicensi  et  successoribus  suis  libere  et  hereditarie  in  per- 
petuum  ;  reddendo  inde  annuatim  dicto  Episcopo  et  suc- 
cessoribus suis  duos  solidos  argenti  de  censu,  videlicet  ad 
festum  Sancti  Michaelis  duodecim  denarios  et  ad  Fascha 
duodecim  denarios  pro  omnibus  serviciis.  In  cujus  rei  tes- 
timonium sigillum  meum  apposui :  his  testibus ;  Johanne  de 
Freyton,  Johanne  Le  Botiler  de  Babbinslee,  Broberto  de 
Scalis,  Fhilippo  de  Fenne,  Boberto  de  Rungeton  et  Willelmo 
filio  ejus,  Roberto  Costin,  Willelmo  Hamond,  et  aliis. 

{Traiulation.) 

Be  it  known  to  all,  as  well  present  as  future,  that  I,  William  Howard, 
haye  given  and  granted,  and,  by  this  present  deed  of  mine,  have  confirmed 
to  the  Alderman  and  Brethren  of  the  Qreat  Quild  at  Lynn,  for  a  certain 
sum  of  money  paid  by  them  to  me,  a  certain  vacant  plot  of  ground  in  the 


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town  of  Lynn,  by  the  Haven,  adjoining  the  common  sewer,  near  the  land 
of  the  Abbot  of  Wardon  towards  the  South,  and  the  Bretach  of  the  Bishop 
of  Norwich  towards  the  North ;  reserving  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Norwich 
and  his  successors  a  road  ten  feet  in  width,  encircling  the  said  Bretach,  be^ 
tween  the  said  plot  of  ground  and  the  said  Bretach.  And  that  plot  of 
ground  stretches  towards  the  East  the  full  extent  of  the  messuage  originally 
belonging  to  Nicholas  de  Bretham,  on  the  one  side  of  the  said  Bretach, 
which  messuage  he  held  of  the  gift  of  William,  formerly  Lord  Bishop  of 
Norwich ;  and  towards  the  west,  as  £ELr  as  the  water,  with  all  the  soil  and 
sand  which  accrue  to  the  same  plot,  or  which  may  accrue  by  the  quays,  and 
which  the  said  Alderman  and  Brethren  of  the  said  Guild  and  their  assigns 
shall  Itaye  a  right  to  take  away.  The  said  plot  of  groimd,  together  with  its 
appurtenances,  and  with  the  increase  of  the  adjacent  soil  and  sand,  extend- 
ing to  the  aforesaid  water,  to  be  had  and  held  by  the  aforesaid  Alder- 
man and  Brethren  of  the  aforesaid  GuUd  and  their  assigns,  of  the  Bishop  of 
Norwich,  freely  and  hereditarily,  for  ever;  the  Alderman  and  Brethren 
paying  annually  to  the  said  Bishop  and  his  successors  two  shillings,  silver, 
as  tax ;  that  ia  to  say,  at  the  Feast  of  Saint  Michael,  twelve  pence,  and  at 
Easter,  twelve  pence,  in  lieu  of  all  services.  In  testimony  of  which  I  have 
set  my  seal,  in  the  presence  of  the  following  witnesses,  John  de  Freyton, 
John  le  Botiler  de  Babbinslee,  Robert  de  Scales,  Philip  de  Fenne,  Kobert 
de  Rungeton,  and  William  his  son,  Robert  Gostin,  William  Hamond,  and 
others. 


^^ 


VOL.    II. 


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%omt  ^articnlars,  accompanktr  toitl^  a  JFigare, 

OF  THB 

EASTERN  WINDOW 

OV  THB  ^^ 

CHUKCH  OF  SAINT  JOHN  THE  BAPTIST, 

IN   THE  MADDEBMABKET.  AT  NOBWICH. 

COMMUNIOATBD 

BY  W.   C.  EWING,  ESQ. 


As  a  resident  in  the  parish  of  Saint  John  Maddermarket, 
I  feel  anxious  to  give  what  publicity  may  be  in  my  power 
to  the  fine  East  window  of  our  Church ;  and  with  this  view 
I  beg  to  submit  to  my  brethren  of  the  Norfolk  Archaeological 
Society  the  accompanying  drawing,  kindly  supplied  me  by 
Mrs.  Gunn,  to  whose  talented  pencil  our  volumes  are  al- 
ready greatly  indebted.  The  window  in  question  is  much 
earlier  than  any  other  in  the  Church,  and  of  a  highly  de- 
corated character,  surpassing  in  this  respect  all  others  in 
the  city.  Mr.  J.  H.  Parker,  of  Oxford,  no  mean  judge, 
thinks  that  a  chancel  formerly  stood  across  the  street,  pro- 
bably spanning  it  with  an  arch,  in  the  same  way  as  is  now 
done  by  the  Western  tower,  and  by  the  chancel  of  Saint 
Gregory's  Church  in  the  adjoining  parish;  and  under  this 
supposition  he  believes,  that  on  the  removal  of  the  chancel, 
its  East  window  was  inserted  at  the  end  of  the  nave,  as  it 
at  present  appears. 

In  one  of  the  Corporation  books  is  the  following  entry, 
bearing  date  June  24th,  20th  of  Eliz.,  1578 :  —''  The  wall 


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199 

in  S*  John's  Churche  Yarde  to  be  cleane  taken  downe  for 
the  wydenyng  of  the  strete ;  and,  so  far  as  the  parishioners 
will  bestowe  the  coste,  so  as  it  may  be  done  and  reedcfyed 
ageyne  before  the  Quene's  Mat"  commyng,  they  shall  have 
allowed  and  payed  oute  of  the  treasury,  v^*." 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  order  refers  exclusively  to 
the  churchyard,  and  that  no  directions  are  given  in  it  for 
the  alteration  of  the  Church  itself  to  increase  the  width  of 
the  street,  which  runs  at  the  East  end  of  it ;  neither  am  I 
aware  that  there  is  any  record  elsewhere  extant  to  that 
eflFect. 

As  regards  the  Church  in  general,  I  find  the  following 
notices  in  the  hand-writing  of  that  indefatigable  antiquary, 
Mr.  John  Kirkpatrick,  who  died  in  1728  : 

"  It  appears  by  the  Coroner's  Roll  of  48  Hen.  8,  that 
one  Tho :  Pratt,  who  had  feloniously  smote  John  the  son  of 
Will:  de  Hedersete  and  gave  him  2  wounds  on  his  head, 
did  thereupon  put  himself  into  this  Church.  It  was  ordered 
that  he  should  be  watched  there ;  but  he  made  his  escape, 
so  that  the  Baillives  were  to  answer. — Hot  Coronat,  in 
GUdhaUr 

Again :  "  A.  D.  1504,  Tho.  Bowde,  Clerk,  willed  to  be 
buried  within  y®  Churchyerde  of  this  Chirche,  in  y«  Alley 
at  y*  Weste  ende  of  y*  Stepille  ther. — Reg.  Popye,  f.  554.'* 

"  N.  B.  y®  Alley  now  runs  under  an  arch  directly  beneath 
y®  Steeple.  Qu.  therefore,  if  y«  present  Steeple  were  not 
built  since  a.d.  1604." 

And  again,  in  confirmation  of  my  quotation  from  the  Town 
books,  Mr.  Kirkpatrick  writes :  "  Formerly,  y®  Churchyard 
came  further  Eastward  than  now,  so  y*  y®  street  was  too 
narrow  there.  But,  a.d.  1677,  against  y*  Queen's  coming 
to  Norwich,  p*  of  it  was  taken  away,  by  order  of  y®  City, 
for  inlarging  y«  street,  and  a  new  wall  made  as  now :  y* 
City  p*  p*  of  y°  charge. —  Vide  Cur.  8  June^  19  Eliz" 

In  its  interior,  the  Church  is  fall  of  interest :  the  heads  that 

p2 


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200 

support  the  corbel-table  in  the  North  aisle  are  both  grace  - 
ful  and  uncommon;  an  angel  holding  a  book^  in  a  similar 
situation  in  the  nave^  is  singularly  elegant ;  and  those  painted 
on  the  ceilings  of  the  chapels^  in  both  the  North  and  South 
aisle,  bearing  scrolls  with  portions  of  the  Te  Deum  between 
crowns  of  thorns  encircled  with  flowers,  are  at  once  most 
uncommon  in  design  and  costume,  and  far  from  ordinary  in 
execution.  The  whole  building  was  truly  the  work  of  no 
inferior  hands.  The  monuments  in  it  to  Layer  and  Sother- 
ton,  together  with  several  sepulchral  brasses, — among  them 
the  remarkable  one  to  John  Terry, — still  remain  uninjured. 
The  palace  of  the  Dukes  of  Norfolk,  now  quite  destroyed, 
stood  in  this  parish. 


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CURSORY   NOTICES 

OF 

THE  RET.  FRANCIS  BLOMEFIELD, 

chiifLt  bxtkaotbd 
FROM   HIS   PARISH   REGISTER-BOOK   AKD   FROM   HIS   CORRESPONDENCE, 

1733-7. 

OOMMUmCATBD  BT 

S.    WILTON   RIX,    ESQ., 

IN 

A  LETTER  TO  DAWSON  TURNER,  ESQ.,   V.P. 


My  dear  Sib, 

On  a  former  occasion  I  ventured  to  express  the 
hope  that  some  competent  member  of  our  Society  would 
collect  and  communicate  the  unrecorded  antiquities  of  Blome- 
field's  own  district ;  pursuing  the  inquiry  with  his  perse- 
vering diligence  and  singleness  of  purpose.  It  affords  me 
much  pleasure  to  be  enabled  now  to  offer  some  particulars 
bearing  upon  the  incidents  of  his  life,  and  calculated  to 
illustrate  the  value  of  his  example. 

All  that  relates  to  the  father  of  Norfolk  Topography, 
however  imperfectly  told,  must  be  in  some  degree  interest- 
ing to  our  members.  To  yourself,  especially,  I  may  appeal 
for  a  favourable  reception  of  these  notices.  You  will  be 
prepared,  not  only  to  admire  his  industry  and  zeal,  but  to 
store  up  every  incidental  touch  of  his  personal  character: 
you  will   contemplate,  with  something  akin   to  veneration. 


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the  scenes  of  liis  birth  and  of  his  labours;  and  you  will 
lament  afresh  his  too  early  removal^  and  bring  a  vdlling 
^arland  to  adorn  his  tomb. 

Having  occasion^  some  time  ago,  professionally  to  exa- 
mine the  "Old  Register"  of  Fersfield  parish,  extending  from 
1565  to  1741,  I  was  kindly  permitted  by  the  Rev.  Benedict 
Pering,  the  rector,  to  make  the  extracts  from  that  record 
which  I  now  propose  to  lay  before  you. 

But  these,  characteristic  as  they  are  of  the  careful  anti- 
quary, will  be  rendered  far  more  acceptable  in  conjunction 
with  other  materials  derived  from  Blomefield's  Autograph 
Letter-Book,  in  your  own  library.  This  volume,  you  are 
aware,  is  described  by  Mr.  Thomas  Barber,  of  the  Customs 
at  Yarmouth,  who  was  its  possessor  in  1772,  as  "itier,  trium 
annorum  commerctum  epistolare  Mev.  Fran,  Bhmefidd  com- 
plectena.^^  Commencing  in  the  year  1733,  it  relates  to  the 
busy  period  when  he  was  preparing  to  publish,  and  during 
which  a  portion  of  his  work  was  ushered  into  the  world. 
This  record  appears  to  have  subsequently  passed  through 
the  hands  of  Tom  Martin  and  of  Mr.  Ives.  Here,  Blome- 
field's ruling  passion,  his  plans  and  projects  and  the  sug- 
gestions of  his  friends,  his  discouragements,  his  undaunted 
energy  and  his  cheering  success — appear  in  detail  and  vivid 
reality. 

Should  it  be  objected,  that  such  a  picture  is  but  in- 
directly connected  with  the  chief  design  of  our  Society,  I 
would  reply,  that  the  men  who,  more  than  a  century  ago, 
embarked  in  the  pursuit  of  Archeeology,  may  be  almost  said 
to  have  become  part  and  parcel  of  its  objects.  Moreover, 
the  Society  is  intended  not  only  to  investigate  antiquities, 
but  to  extend  the  knowledge  and  promote  the  study  of 
them.  All  will  admit  the  value  of  Blomefield's  aid  in  the 
former  province.  In  the  latter,  his  example  will  be  found 
not  unworthy  of  regard. 

I  heartily  wish  that  these  gatherings  could  have   been 


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208 

selected  and  arranged  by  yourself;  but  if,  amidst  your  nu- 
merous avocations,  I  had  waited  for  this,  I  should  have  been 
disregarding  one  of  the  first  lessons  of  Archieology — a  lesson 
sufficient  to  redeem  it  from  the  common  charge  of  useless- 
ness  and  folly — "Dp  something ;  do  it." 
I  remain,  my  dear  Sir, 

Faithfully  yours, 

Sam"--  Wilton  Rix. 

BeccleB,  2l8t  July,  IS48. 


NOTICES  OF  BLOMBPIELD,  &c. 

Th6  student  of  Norfolk  Archseology  should  make  a  pil- 
grimage to  Fersfield.  In  the  most  remote  part  of  that  se- 
cluded village,  there  yet  remains  the  ancient  residence  of 
the  Blomefield  family.  Humbly  tenanted,  now,  and,  as  to 
its  exterior,  in  picturesque  decay,  the  building  is  profusely 
timbered,  and  retains  the  thick-mullioned  projecting  windows 
and  some  of  the  pargetting  and  other  ornaments  which  we 
associate  with  the  residence  of  a  wealthy  yeoman  in  the  olden 
time.  One  of  the  apartments,  sadly  mutilated  and  disman- 
tled, is  shown  as  having  been  formerly  the  dining-room. 
"  And  through  there "  (said  my  informant,  pointing  to  a 
recess  roughly  bricked  up)  "  was  once  another  room :  that 
was  the  Rev.  Mr.  Blomefield's  study,  where  he  wrote  the 
History  of  Norfolk."  At  first,  there  seemed  reason  to  doubt 
whether  there  could  be  any  foundation  of  truth  for  this 
statement.  For,  not  to  mention  that  the  alleged  dining-room 
is  on  the  Jirst  floor y  Blomefield  was  instituted  to  the  Rectory 
in  1729,  nearly  seven  years  before  he  published  the  first 
part  of  his  "Essay;"  and  his  father  lived  till  1732.  But 
it  should  be  recollected  that  he  began  to  collect  materials 
for  his  History  as  early  as  1720,  when  he  was  but  fifteen 


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years  of  age.*  The  tradition,  that  he  had  a  study  in  his 
father's  house,  is  confirmed  by  a  letter  which  he  wrote  in 
January  1786,  to  an  engraver  (who  will  be  mentioned  after- 
wards), proposing  to  find  him  employment  at  Fersfield:  in 
this  he  says,  "I  have  a  tenant  that  lives  within  a  small 
mile  of  me,  where  I  reserve  some  rooms  to  myself,  and 
whither  I  walk  every  day ;  and  there  you  shall  have  a  room 
of  mine." 

Francis  Blomefield  was  bom  in  this  house  on  the  23rd 
July,  1705 — "y^  sonne  of  Henry  Blomfield  and  Alice  his 
wife," — ^and  was  baptized  on  the  7th  August  following,  t 

The  course  of  the  Baptismal  Register  is  interrupted  by 
memoranda  of  his  institution  and  induction  to  the  benefice ; 
from  the  notice  of  the  former  of  which  the  annexed  fac- 
simile of  his  hand  writing  is  copied. 

The  burial  of  his  predecessor,  the  Rev.  John  Barker, 
furnishes  occasion  for  a  more  lengthened  account  of  the 
same  occurrences,  and  of  the  devolution  of  the  preferment.^ 
But  this  I  pass  by,  rather  submitting  to  the  Society  two  or 
three  extracts,  which,  at  the  same  time  that  they  prove  the 
minute  accuracy  of  the  writer,  are  honourable  as  testimonies 
to  his  character  and  to  the  goodness  of  his  heart. 

In  the  place  of  the  usual  brief  entry  of  the  burial  of  his 
maternal  grandmother,  he  gives  the  following  tribute  to  her 
memory — entered,  as  are  several  similar  memorials,  entirely 
in  a  bold  Roman  character. 

•  He  charges  himself  with  haying  expended  £175. 16«.  from  1720  to  1733, 
in  <*  txayelling  to  collect  the  churches,  in  paper,  &c.,  and  some  few  MSB. 
purchased  for  the  work."  The  Norfolk  Tour  giyes  a  much  later  date — **  as 
soon  as  he  was  settled  at  Fersfield." 

t  A  careful  inspection  of  the  Parish-register  would  furnish  various 
details  omitted  in  the  Blomefield  pedigree,  as  compiled  and  printed  by 
the  topographer  himself  in  his  Hiatortf  of  Norfolk,  Vol.  I.,  p.  101. 

X  Blomefield's  fiather  had  purchased  the  next  presentation  of  Lord  Roch- 
ford,  who  was  patron  of  the  advowson ;  not  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  as  stated 
in  the  Norfolk  Tour,  Vol.  II.,  p.  1166. 


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"  M"  Elizabeth  Batch,*  widdow  and  relict  of  M'  Henry 
Batch  of  King's  Lynn,  in  the  County  of  Norff:,  one  of 
the  daughters  of  M'^  Thomas  Bacon  of  Bungey  and  Fran- 
ces his  wife,  was  here  buried,  December  the  fifth.  An" 
Domini  one  thousand  seven  hundred  twenty  and  nine.  She 
died  on  Tuesday  the  second  day  about  ten  at  night,  and 
was  buried  in  the  aisle  of  the  Church  of  St.  Andrew  the 
Apostle  in.  Fersfield,  right  against  the  poor's  box.  A®  -Statis 
SU8B  81°.  E  septem  liberis  unicam  reliquit  filiam,  Aliciam, 
mod6  uxorem  Henrici  Blomefield  hujus  parochiae  Gener"^ 
Quoad  x^paicriyp,  hoc  sufficiat,  qu6d  vitam  semper  instituit 
suam,  ita  ut,  cursu  peracto,  mori  non  timuit.  In  cujus 
piam  gratamque  memoriam,  Franciscus  Blomefield,  hujus 
Ecclesice  Rector  et  e  fili&  nepos,  tantee  benefactricis  memor, 
hoc  inseruit." 

With  similar  minuteness,  and  still  more  tenderly,  he  has 
recorded  the  death  and  embalmed  the  memory  of  his  mother,t 
who  was  "  here  buried,  on  Thursday,  the  19th  of  March, 
1729.  [O.S.] 

'*  She  died  on  Tuesday,  y®  seventeenth  day,  between  four 
and  five  of  y®  clock  in  y«  morning,  and  was  buried  in  y® 
south  isle  of  y*  parish  church  of  St.  Andrew  the  Apostle, 
in  Fersfield,  right  against  the  vestry  door;  anno  eetatis  suse 
52do. 

"  Sex  peperit  liberos,  e  quibus  quinque  supersunt,  sc. 
Franciscus,  Petrus,  Johannes,  Elizabetha  et  Hester. 

"  Fflemina  Deo,  ecclesise,  et  conjugi,  omni  quo  debuit  ob- 
sequio  ex  animo  devota,  quae,  si  vitaB  integritas,  si  afiectus 
conjugalis,  si  mens,  paucis  non  contenta  mod6,  sed  suae  sortis 
amantissima,  si  pauperum  commiseratio,  si  mores  denique  omni 
fuco,  fastu  omni  carentes  miniis  valuissent,  seriAs  ad  superos 
rediisset.  Sed  matura  virtute  (heu  nimium  properante  fato !) 
Deo  rationem  redditura  discessit.  In  cujus  memoriam,  gra- 
titudinis  pietatisque  memor,  Franciscus  Blomefield,  filius  natA 

♦  Blom.  Norf.t  Vol.  I.,  p.  111.  t  Ibid. 


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maximus,  hujus  ecclesiee  Rector,  hoc  memoriale  mandl  proprilL 
inseruit." 

An  interval  of  little  more  than  two  years  brings  us  to  the 
following  memorandum : 

**  Henry  Blomefield*  of  this  parish,  Gent,  died  June 
the  first,  [1782]  between  the  hours  of  five  and  six  in  the 
morn,  of  the  small-pox,  and  was  buried  at  three  of  the 
clock  in  the  mom,  June  y®  2°^,  in  the  south  aisle,  at  the 
south  door. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  strict  probity  and  integrity,  of  great 
piety  towards  God  and  love  to  his  family,  who  practised 
what  he  declared,  and  declared  what  he  practised,  giving 
an  example  of  goodness  to  those  that  knew  him,  by  whom 
he  died  much  lamented;  but  by  none  more  than  by  me, 
Francis  Blomefield,  Priest,  Bector  of  this  parish,  his  eldest 
son." 

The  will  of  Henry  Blomefield  is  dated  27  May,  1732. 
It  contains  a  particular  distribution  among  his  children  of 
divers  "  Christening  Spoons,"  and  other  plate.f  He  charges 
his  son  Francis  with  a  debt  of  more  than  £300  which  the 
testator  had  borrowed  and  lent  him  at  the  time  of  his  taking 
the  degree  of  B.A.,  or  had  paid  for  the  purchase  of  the  turn 
in  Fersfield  living,  and  otherwise  laid  out  for  him. 

Just  three  months  after  the  death  of  his  father,  Mr. 
Blomefield  married  Mary  Womack,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Laurence  Womack.  Her  family  had  been  very  long  con- 
nected with  the  parish  of  Fersfield;  three  of  its  members 
in  succession  having  officiated  in  the  church  for  a  period 
of  ninety  years.  J 

•  Blom.  Norf.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  HI. 

t  See  Brand's  Christening  Customs, 

%  Besides  the  two  children  of  the  historian  named  in  the  published 
pedigree,  the  register  mentions  a  third,  named  Alice,  bom  the  18th  May, 
1738,  who  suryiyed  him  many  years.  Peter  Blomefield,  his  brother,  was 
married  6th  October,  1738,  to  Frances  Womack,  his  wife's  sister.  They  had 
issue,  Francis,  Katherine,  Frances,  and  Mary,  which  last  died  an  infant  in 


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Settled  in  his  ecclesiastical  and  domestic  relations^  Blome- 
field  applied  himself  with  renewed  energy  to  the  preparation 
of  the  work  by  which  his  name  is  known  to  the  world,  and 
is  more  especially  endeared  to  our  Society.  Some  years  ear- 
lier, "  Honest  Tom  Martin  "  had  come  to  reside  at  Palgrave, 
within  five  miles ;  and  his  '^  large  and  valuable  collection  of 
antiquities,"  including  those  of  his  deceased  friend,  Peter 
Le  Neve,  Norroy,  became  more  easily  accessible  than  before 
to  the  topographer;  circumstances  which  could  not  fail  to 
stimulate  as  well  as  to  aid  his  efforts.  He  was  accustomed 
in  summer  to  make  excursions  at  once  in  search  of  materials 
for  his  History,  and  to  test  the  accuracy  of  the  information 
he  had  otherwise  obtained.  It  was  afler  such  "  a  collating 
ramble  of  six  weeks,"  that  he  finally  determined  to  issue 
proposals  for  printing  what  he  modestly  termed  his  "  Topo- 
graphical Essay." 

On  the  appearance  of  these,  meeting  with  unexpected  en- 
couragement on  all  hands,  he  looked  around  for  a  suitable 
printing  establishment.  At  Diss,  no  press  was  then  to  be 
found,  nor  was  there  until  many  years  after  his  death  ; 
and  the  following  extract  from  a  letter  he  wrote  "to  Mr. 
Chase,  Printer,  in  Norwich,"  on  the  Ist  of  July,  1738, 
affords  no  very  flattering  picture  of  the  state  of  the  art 
even  in  our  great  Eastern  metropolis. 

"I  have  endeavoured  to  procure  a  set  of  Saxon  types, 
but  find  I  can*t  do  it.  And,  upon  looking  over  my  book, 
find  a  good  number  of  Greek  inscriptions,  some  Hebrew 
words,  and  some  Gothic.  So  that  I  must  print  it  in  London ; 
it  being  impossible  to  have  those  types  any  where  in  the 
country  [!]...!  wish  heartily  I  could  have  done  it  with 
you;  for,  I  liked  your  terms,  and  could  have  been  glad  to 

1746,  and  was  buried  at  Buxton.  EliBabeth,  sister  of  the  topographer,  was 
manried,  in  1737,  to  the  Rev.  Edward  Chappelow,  Rector  and  Patron  of 
Roydon,  and  Vicar  of  Marham :  Leonard,  Edward,  Christopher,  Elizabeth, 
and  Mary,  are  mentioned  as  their  children. 


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have  corrected  the  press  myself,  which  then  I  could  easily 
have  done." 

In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year,  Mr.  Blomefield  *^  fell  ill 
on  his  rounds;"  not  the  least  inconvenience  of  which  was, 
that  he  lost  an  interview  with  his  friend.  Dr.  Tanner,  who, 
after  having  been  successively  Chancellor  and  Archdeacon 
of  Norfolk,  had  then  recently  been  promoted  to  the  See 
of  St.  Asaph.  To  this  prelate  our  antiquary  applied  by 
letter,  requesting  the  loan  of  his  Lordship's  '^Book  of  the 
Collation  of  the  Registers  in  the  Office  at  Norwich,  if  it 
was  not  lost."     The  Bishop  replied : 

"Christ  Church,  Oxford,  Oct.  22, 1788. 
"  Good  Sir, 

"  I  had  the  favour  of  your  letter  and  proposal  in 

Wales I  was  glad  to  find  the  History  of  Norfolk  in 

such  forwardness;  and,  when  closely  followed  by  one  of 
your  youth  and  abilities,  I  may  hope  to  live  to  see  good 
part  of  it  published.  And  tho'  I  must  now  for  ever  bid 
adieu  to  Norfolk,  yet  I  must  ever  wish  well  to  whatever 
may  tend  to  the  honour  of  a  county  I  so  long  lived  happily 
in.  Of  this  nature  I  take  your  design  to  be,  and  shall  there- 
fore readily  subscribe  for  six  copies,  and  perhaps  may  give 
you  a  plate  of  some  ancient  venerable  ruins.  Several  of 
my  papers  about  Norfolk  were  lost  in  my  shipwreck,*  and 
others  are  so  mislaid  that  I  can't  tell  where  to  find  them 
at  present;  and  my  collections  out  of  the  Registers  having 
several  other  things  in  the  same  volume,  which  are  of  almost 
daily  use,  I  can't  tell  how  to  spare  them.  But,  if  you  will 
please  to  transmit  your  copy  or  any  part  of  it  to  me,  I  will 
supply  and  improve  it  with  any  thing  my  collections  will 

*  It  is  mentioned  in  the  Biographia  BrUanniea,  that,  as  the  Bishop  was 
remoying  his  collections  by  water,  *'  some  of  the  boxes  in  which  they  were 
enclosed  happened,  imfortunatcly,  to  fall  into  the  Thames,  whereby  some  of 
the  books  were  damaged." 


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afford.  I  am  very  glad  you  have  the  use  of  Mr.  Le  Neve's 
and  Mr.  Martin's  collections.  Pray  my  service  to  Mr. 
Martin.  ....  I  am  concerned  that  the  trust  King  Peter 
was  pleased  to  repose  in  us,  should  be  delayed  or  evaded.* 
I  heartily  wish  you  success,  and  am,  sir,  your  very  faithful 
friend  and  brother, 

"  Thom.  Asaph." 

Again,  on  the  4th  January,  1734,  his  Lordship  writes : 

"  I  shall,  upon  any  proper  occasion,  encourage  your  work ; 
giving  you  a  plate  of  a  good  prospect  of  ruins,  church,  or 
other  buildings.  The  decaying  fine  parochial  church  of  Cro- 
mer, with  the  ruins  of  a  most  noble  chancel,  suffered  to  fall 
down  within  memory,  used  to  strike  me  with  the  greatest 
concern." 

Among  the  most  effectual  methods  adopted  by  the  Norfolk 
Historian  in  furtherance  of  his  object,  was  the  distribution 
of  "  Queries,"  on  the  principle  of  the  valuable  "  Heads  of 
Local  Information,"  published  by  the  Right  Reverend  Pre- 
sident of  our  Society. t  Addressing  Mr.  Beaupr^  Bell,  J 
Blomefield  says  : 

*'  I  would  beg  the  favour  of  you  to  collate  for  me  every 
thing,  antique  and  modem,  in  the  churches  following :  Wis- 
bitch,  Emneth,  Hacbech,  Outwell,  Walsoken,  Terrington, 
and  Eslington,  and  in  their  churchyards ;  and  in  the  method 


*  HiB  Lordship  and  Mr.  Martin,  it  -will  be  recollected,  were  jointly  en- 
trusted with  Le  Neve's  collections.  Martin's  position  with  regard  to  them 
was,  no  doubt,  modified  by  his  somewhat  precipitate  marriage  with  the 
widow  of  Le  Neye.  But  Bishop  Tanner,  Blomefield,  and  Parkin,  giye  their 
united  testimony  to  the  fact,  that  Martin  held  the  MSS.,  &c.,  as  a  trustee. 
(See  Blomefield's  Norfolk,  Vol.  L,  Introduction,  p.  xv. ;  Vol.  VI.,  Preface, 
p.  ii.)  A  curious  anecdote,  respecting  Martin's  second  marriage,  is  inserted 
in  the  Rev.  A.  Suckling's  Hiatory  of  Suffolk,  Vol.  II.,  p.  206,  note, 

t  See  also  Gentleman' e  Magazine,  Vol.  LV.,  p.  167. 

}  June  26th,  1733. 


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following.  Whether  square  or  round  tower ;  five  or  six 
bells;  spire  or  not;  dock  or  not;  chimes  or  not;  nave 
leaded^  thatched^  or  tiled;  aisles^  south  and  north,  whether 
thatched,  leaded,  &c. ;  south  and  nortli  porch  (the  same); 
diancel  (sanae) ;  whether  there  be  any  cross  aisles  or  chapels 
at  upper  end  of  the  aisles ;  whether  the  inscriptions  are  on 
brass  or  not;  mural  or  altar  monuments,  or  flat-stones,  and 
in  what  place;  whether  the  letters  be  capitals,  old  text,  or 
modem  Roman;  the  present  lords  and  rectors.  I  shall  be 
exceedingly  obliged  for  such  an  account  of  the  abovenamed 
places,  they  lying  so  much  out  of  my  way." 

At  a  somewhat  later  period  he  observes  to  Mr.  Norris : 

"  It  is  impossible  to  tell  you  what  great  helps  have 
come  in  by  my  queries ;  sometimes  having  twenty  or  thirty 
sheets,  besides  books,  letters,  records,  and  papers,  for  a 
single  Hundred." 

Having  recovered,  in  the  spring  of  1785,  from  a  '*  violent 
fever,"  he  obtained  access  to  the  evidence-room  of  the  de- 
ceased Earl  of  Yarmouth,  at  Oxnead.*  There  he  ^'boarded 
a  fortnight,"  and  employed  himself  among  the  Paston  ar- 
chives, sorting  the  voluminous  contents  of  *' between  thirty 
and  forty  chests  of  antique  curiosities  and  evidences  of  Nor- 
folk only.*'  His  letter  to  Major  Weldon,  dated  18th  May, 
1785,  gives  the  following  account  of  his  labours. 

"  There  are  ten  boxes  of  court-rolls,  surveys,  extent-books, 
deeds,  and  other  things  material  to  the  several  manors ;  and, 
though  «  great  number  of  them  are  very  ancient,  they  may 
be  of  service,  and  therefore  I  cautiously  preserved  them  all. 
There  are  three  trunks  and  chests  full  of  the  ancient  and 
present  title-deeds  to  the  manors  and  estates,  all  which  I 
carefully  put  together.     There  are  two  boxes  of  old  leases 

*  The  Eev.  Laurence  Womack,  Blomefield's  fiatlier-in-Iaw,  had  held  the 
Rectory  of  Oxnead  by  Bequeetaration.  (See  Blom.  Nor/,,  Vol.  VI.,  p.  496.) 


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211 

only,  which  I  laid  by,  not  knowing  but  they  might  be  of 
some  service.  According  to  your  order,  I  put  all  the  chi- 
micall  papers  into  a  box  by  themselves,  and  gave  them  to 
Mrs.  Amyas  to  preserve  for  you.  There  is  another  box  full 
of  the  pardons,  grants,  and  old  deeds,  freedoms,  &c.  be- 
longing to  the  Fasten  family  only,  which  I  laid  by  them- 
selves, for  fear  you  should  think  them  proper  to  be  preserved 
with  the  family :  they  don't  relate  to  any  estates.  In  ano- 
ther large  chest  I  placed  those  antiquities  that  I  made  use 
of,  and  that  are  of  no  manner  of  service  to  the  title  (always 
placing  those  that  were  among  the  useful  evidences):  they 
are  chiefly  ancient  deeds,  account-rolls,  muster-rolls,  and 
many  other  things  of  that  nature  in  relation  to  the  county. 
I  looked  over  every  loose  paper  and  what  letters  were  his- 
torical :  as  to  such  that  related  to  the  surrender  of  Norwich 
and  Yarmouth  charters,  &c.,  I  took  them  out  and  carried 
them  home  with  me ;  as  I  did  the  History  of  Yarmouth,*  and 
some  other  things  which  were  too  tedious  to  extract  there: 
all  which  I  entered  in  a  note,  which  I  left  for  you  with 
Mrs.  Amyas.  There  are  innumerable  letters  of  good  con- 
sequence in  history  f  still  lying  among  the  loose  papers,  all 
which  I  laid  up  in  a  corner  of  the  room  on  a  heap,  which 
contains  several  sacks  full ;  but  as  they  seemed  to  have  some 
family  affairs  of  one  nature  or  other  intermixed  in  them,  I 
did  not  offer  to  touch  any  of  them,  but  have  left  them  to 

*  This  is  the  MS.  recently  edited  by  C.  J.  Palmer,  Esq.,  "which  "was  in 
the  possession  of  Mr.  Ives  in  1774,  as  appears  by  his  memorandum  in  the 
margin  of  Blomefield's  Entry-Book,  In  another  letter  he  describes  it  as  *'  a 
£Edr  noble  folio  MS.,  judiciously  compiled  in  King  James  I.'s  time."  The 
intelligent  editor  supposed  that  the  MS.  had  been  given  by  Le  Neve  ("who 
died  in  1724)  to  Blomefield.  (Fonndacion  and  AntiquUye  of  Grecite  TermotUhe, 
Preface,  p.  xi.) 

t  Are  these  the  same  of  whidi  Sir  John  Fenn,  in  his  Introduction  to  the 
Patton  Lettere,  states,  that  on  the  death  of  the  Earl  of  Yarmouth  they 
became  the  property  of  Le  Neve,  and  from  him  devoWed  to  Mr.  Martin } 
If  not,  what  was  the  fate  of  these  letters } 


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your  consideration^  whether,  when  I  go  to  that  part  of  the 
country,  I  shall  separate  and  preserve  them,  or  whether  you 
will  have  them  burnt,  though  I  must  own  'tis  pity  they 
should;  except  it  be  those  (of  which  there  are  many)  that 
relate  to  nothing  but  family  affairs  only.  I  have  placed 
everything  so,  that,  now,  the  good  and  bad  are  distinguished, 
and  preserved  from  the  weather.  A  great  number  have 
perished  entirely.  I  shall  be  ready  to  return  those  things 
that  I  have,  when  you  please  to  command  me." 

Blomefield  now  decided  upon  printing  his  work  upon  his 
own  premises,  a  task  at  once  singular,  arduous,  and  costly.* 
Having  engaged  a  good  workman,  named  Nicholas  Hussey, 
at  £40  a  year,  he  proceeded  to  fit  up  a  printing-office  and 
furnish  it  with  all  requisite  materials,  including  a  press 
bought  of  a  person  in  London,  who  subscribes  himself 
*' Doctor  Gaylard,"  at  the  price  of  £7.  Writing  to  the 
Bishop  of  St.  Asaph  on  these  arrangements,  he  says : 

*'l  shall  have  the  oversight  of  the  press  myself;  which, 
though  it  be  a  great  charge  at  first,  yet  will  be  a  continual 
satisfaction  to  me ;  for,  by  this  means,  I  shall  be  certain 
that  neither  myself  nor  subscribers  can  be  imposed  upon 
by  stolen  copies,  which  is  too  often  the  case  in  such  sub- 
scriptions  I  design,  God  willing,  to  begin  the  work 

with  the  new  year,  the  1'^  of  January,  to  be  published  in 
the  middle  of  February." 

Some  further  delay  occurred  ;  for  there  is  a  memorandum, 
that  "  Mr.  Hussey  began  to  work  regularly,"  16th  February 


*  He  appeazB  to  have  had  some  doubt  as  to  the  lawfuhiess  of  such  a 
proceeding.  Among  memoranda  of  information  he  had  obtained  on  various 
points  is  this :  "  No  law  against  the  press :  Craftsman  conquered  the  whole 
company,  at  law."  On  this  subject  see  Blackstone's  Comm,,  Vol.  lY.,  p.  162 ; 
Stephen's  Cowm.,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  284. 


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1736.*  And  in  the  succeeding  month  of  May,  elated  with 
success,  our  author  wrote  to  Dr.  Briggs  of  Holt,  ^'  I  should 
be  extreme  glad  of  the  honour  of  your  company  at  Fersfield 
to  see  my  presses  at  work." 

While  the  seclusion  of  his  residence,  however,  invited  study 
and  saved  him  from  many  interruptions,  it  was  not  easy  to 
guard  against  the  inconveniences  of  a  situation  not  only  re- 
mote from  the  metropolis  and  provincial  cities,  but  no  other- 
wise to  be  approached  from  the  nearest  market-town  than 
through  four  miles  of  road  scarcely  passable  in  winter. 

At  that  time,  distance  and  difficulty  of  intercourse  made 
any  want  of  punctuality  most  annoying;  and  the  plan  of 
printing  at  home  involved  the  necessity  of  a  great  variety 
of  type  and  other  materials.  Meanwhile,  type-founders, 
paper-makers,  stationers,  and  engravers  were  but  too  much 
given  to  weary  him  with  delay,  or  to  disgust  him  with  fraud. 
Beginning  a  correspondence  with  frankness  and  civility, 
we  find  him  afterwards  urging  and  reiterating  entreaties 
of  attention — alternately  coaxing  compliance  with  "half-a- 
piece  "  to  drink  his  health  and  success  to  his  work,  or  with 
**  promise  of  making  amends,"  or  a  "  fowl  at  Christmas," — 
and  then  arousing  himself  to  earnest  complaint  and  remon- 
strance ;  or  rebuking  with  a  reluctant  severity,  which,  after 
all,  seems  the  result  of  his  devotedness  to  his  object,  not  of 
bitterness  against  those  who  thwarted  him  in  its  accom- 
plishment. 

In  January  1736,  when  Blomefield  was  full  of  anxiety  to 
commence  operations,  Francis  Hoffinan,  an  engraver,  was 
introduced  to  him,  as  an  individual  ^'  something  low  in 
circumstances,  but  a  man  well-bred," — one  who  might  *'  ro- 
mance a  little  in  conversation,"  but  would "  cut  and  design 

•  In  the  Letters  from  the  Bodleian  Library,  Vol.  II.,  p.  103,  it  b  stated  that 
Blomefield  *'  began  to  print  his  History  in  1739."  This  is  the  date  given  in 
the  title-page ;  the  first  volume  of  the  folio  edition  having  been  completed 
Dec.  25th,  1739,  as  appears  by  the  author's  note  at  p.  771  of  that  volume. 

VOL.   II.  Q 


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finely.'*  "  I  will "  (said  he,  addressing  our  author  with 
abundant  self-confidence)  "  put  you  in  a  way  to  print  your 
whole  work  better  and  more  beautiful  than  was  ever  yet 

published, I  wiU  engrave  the  cuts  and  perfect  the 

draughts  where  necessary,  and  do  you,  in  this  affair,  many 
other  services,  perhaps  beyond  your  expectations." 

Three  days  afterward  he  wrote  again  : 

*'As  I  have  engraved  for  most  of  the  printers  in  Europe^ 
in  the  space  of  twenty  years,  from  place  to  place  abroad,  and 
for  every  printer  in  our  own  dominions,  and  often  sell  letter 
between  printer  and  printer,  and  print  my  own  cuts  better 
than  any  printer  living  can  do,  I  must  know  and  be  able  to 
do  more  than  any  of  them;  for  there  are  many  ways  of 
printing  abroad  which  our  printers  know  nothing  of.  ...  . 
If  you  will  be  at  the  expence  of  my  journey  to  you,  I  will 
come  to  you,  and  give  you  a  perfect  light  into  the  under- 
taking you  are  about,  which  no  man  can  meddle  with  to 
advantage  and  satisfaction  but  from  right  advice  of  such  as 
have  had  long  and  thorough  experience." 

Blomefield  was  no  artist ;  and  although  he  had,  doubtless, 
much  assistance  from  Mr.  Martin,  whom  he  calls  '^as  good 
a  drawer  as  any  in  England,"  he  complains  that  he  had 
"  great  difficulty  in  finding  friends  to  draw  "  for  him.  On 
this  and  on  other  accounts  he  was  caught  by  Hoffman's 
representations,  and  lost  sight  of  the  significant  hint,  that 
he  would  "  romance  a  little."  That  individual,  having  been 
applied  to  for  his  terms  and  specimens  of  his  work,  an- 
swered in  the  same  strain  as  before;  observing,  with  refer- 
ence to  some  heraldic  engravings  which  should  have  been 
sent  as  samples  of  his  talent,  that,  "  Not  being  satisfied  what 
the  birds  are,  and  the  colours  not  being  expressed,  and  there 
being  no  number  nor  reference,  ct  quia  qui  dubitat  in  erro- 
rem  irreparabilem  incidat,  (at  least  it  would  be  mere  lucky 


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accident  to  hit  right,)  I  thought  it  better  to  postpone,  till 
by  mutual  consultation  every  thing  may  be  ascertained  and 
done  rightly/* 

In  allusion  to  the  rooms  it  was  proposed  he  should  occupy 
at  Fersfield,  he  adds : 

'^As  to  an  apartment,  I  dont  care  how  mean  it  is,  so  it 
be  warm,  safe,  retired,  and  the  bedding  and  light  good.  I 
covet  no  conversation  but  the  most  learned,  free,  and  best 
tempered :  to  such  I  am  an  '  omnium  horarum  homo.'  I  live 
in  the  appearance  of  the  greatest  poverty  and  meanness,  yet 
have  undermined  sorrow  and  sickness,  and  even  necessity 
itself,  almost  to  the  utter  eradication." 

Mr.  Blomefield's  rejoinder  displays  somewhat  of  the  buoy- 
ancy of  his  new  correspondent. 

''  Fersfield,  Jan.  21,  1785. 
"  Good  Sir, 

"  I  received  yours,  which  I  shall  answer  in  every 

particular.     And  first,  as  to  the  public  taste  of  printing,  &c., 

I  dont  care  one  farthing,  if  1  print  my  work  in  a  manner 

to  my  own  liking.     I  don't  care  twopence  for  all  the  world 

except  my  subscribers,  most  of  which  are  gentlemen  in  my 

own  way,  whom  I  don't  at  all  fear  but  I  shall  please.     You 

must  understand  I  don't  print  (I  thank  God  for  it)  for  my 

bread,  having  a  comfortable  subsistence  independent  of  all 

men,  and  therefore  fear  no  loss  of  reputation.     And  as  to 

the  management  of  my  letter,  press,  &c.,  have  committed 

it  to  my  printer  only,  with  my  own  inspection.     So  that  I 

want  nothing  that  way;  being  a  man,  to  speak  truly,  that 

am  determined  in  all  things   to  please  myself;   though  I 

heartily  thank  you  for  your  advice  as  to  that  matter 

Take  particular  care  to  make  no  alteration  from  the  common 

shield;*  all  new  nick-nacks  to  me  are  nothing.     I  am  to 

*  See  the  fanciful  shield  containing  the  arms  of  Fitzwalter,  Blom.  Norf,t 
Vol.  I.,  p.  7,  (which  were  engraved  by  Hoffinan,)  as  compared  with  the 
plain  shieldB  at  p.  107  and  elsewhere. 

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216 

represent  things  as  I  find  them:  good  or  bad,  'tis  all  one. 
All  that  I  ask,  in  your  way,  is  only  to  cut  well,  but  exactly 
in  the  method  of  the  draught  before  you." 

The  result  was,  that  Blomefield  sent  for  this  facetious 
artist  to  Fersfield,  where,  having  paid  him  for  his  journey, 
he  found  him  a  house,  and  supplied  him  with  money ;  and 
that  Hoffinan  remained  there  about  three  weeks,  "  agreed 
for  a  large  parcel  of  work,  and  cut  several  of  the  things, 
all  which  Ae  ran  away  tdth.^* 

Other  vexations  sprang  out  of  the  very  patronage  and  as- 
sistance most  valued  by  our  author.  To  the  learned  prelate 
before  mentioned,  he  wrote  on  the  5th  of  April,  1785,  with 
the  manuscript  of  the  ^'  Hundred  of  Diss,"  for  his  Lordship's 
perusal :  through  some  strange  negligence,  neither  the  letter 
nor  the  parcel  by  which  it  was  accompanied  reached  his  Lord- 
ship's hands  until  several  months  had  elapsed, — months  of 
suspense  and  anxiety  to  Blomefield.  The  7th  of  November 
had  arrived  before  he  had  the  happiness  to  enter  the  sub- 
joined memorandum : 

"  Rec**.  my  collections  of  Diss  Hundred  back  again  from 
my  Lord  of  St.  Asaph,  with  his  approbation,  alteration,  and 
additions  to  every  town,  in  his  own  hand." 

In  the  letter  which  announced  the  transmission  of  the 
MSS.,  the  Bishop  said  he  had  perused  them  ''with  great 
satisfaction,"  and  observed : — 

"The  respect  I  have  for  you,  and  my  love  to  Norfolk, 
and  any  design  which  may  be  for  the  credit  of  that  county, 
induce  me  to  submit  to  what  I  have  refused  many  others — 
your  dedicating  it  to  me,  if  upon  further  thoughts  you  shall 
not  find  it  to   your  prejudice,  and  not  think  of  a  better 

patron Is  there  no  compassing  a  map  of  every 

h,undred,  or,  as  your  hundreds  are  but  small,  of  one,  two, 
or  three   put  into   a   sheet  together,  with  the   roads,   dis- 


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tinctions  of  parish-churches^  townships  and  hamlets^  and 
other  ciyil  and  ecclesiastical  divisions?  I  am  told  there 
is  a  very  exact  man,  this  way,  who  lives  about  Wickham 
Market,  and  is  now  about  a  map  of  Suffolk."  * 

This  welcome  communication  was  acknowledged  as  fol- 
lows : 

"  Fersfield,  Nov.  17,  1785. 

"My  Lord, 

"I  received  your  kind  letter  and  my  Diss 
Hundred  papers  very  safe,  with  your  notes,  for  which  I  am 
not  capable  of  returning  sujBEicient  thanks;  but  shall  endea- 
vour to  do  it  in  the  best  manner  I  can,  which  is  in  exactly 
following  them  in  all  points,  which  your  Lordship  may  de- 
pend upon.  I  can't  express  the  satisfaction  it  is  to  me  that 
your  Lordship  is  so  kind  as  to  permit  me  to  dedicate  it  to 
you;  and  so  far  am  I  from  thinking  of  any  other  patron, 
that  I  look  upon  it  as  my  great  happiness  to  have  one 
that  I  should  choose  above  all  mankind.  ...  I  would  get 
a  map  of  each  Hundred  if  I  could,  but  find  the  expense 
will  be  so  much  to  have  them  actually  surveyed,  that  I  dare 
not  undertake  it,  having  ventured  a  very  large  sum  upon 
the  undertaking  already.  But  hope,  that  if  I  should  live  to 
finish  it,  I  may  prevail  upon  him  that  hath  done  Suffolk, 
to  do  Norfolk  in  the  same  way ;  Suffolk  being  the  most  exact 

thing  I  ever  saw The  Image  of  Hypocrisy  is  an 

original  MS.  of  Skelton's  own  hand,  which  Mr.  Martin  tells 
me  he  hath  now  by  him  at  Falgrave,  and  came  out  of  the 
Ashwell  Thorpe  library,  f  ....  I  did  once  transcribe  the 

*  John  Kirby,  author  of  the  <'  Sufiblk  Traveller,"  father  of  John  Joshua 
Kiiby,  and  grandfitther  of  the  well-known  Mrs.  Trimmer.  The  son  painted 
the  famous  sign  of  the  White  Hart,  at  Scole,  in  1740.  (See  GerU,  Mag,, 
1807,  p.  499 ;  Page's  Supplement  to  Kirby's  Suffolk  Traveller,  p.  189.) 

t  See  Blom.  Norf,,  Vol.  I.,  p.  82  :  '*  The  Image  of  Ipocrysy  "  is  appended 
to  the  Rev.  A.  Dyce's  edition  of  Skelton's  Works,  from  Lansdowne  MSS., 
794.    The  editor  remarks :  **  The  original  has  very  considerable  alterations 


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parcel  of  lands  belonging  to  Thetford,  but  suppose  before 
my  study  was  burnt.  *  Should  be  glad  of  a  copy,  if  it  be 
not  too  much  trouble."  .... 

With  the  above^  Blomefield  sent  for  the  Bishop's  perusal 
the  MS.  History  of  several  parishes  in  Guiltcross  Hundred^ 
little  anticipating  the  calamity  which  awaited  him.  The 
remainder  of  the  page,  on  which  the  last  letter  was  tran- 
scribed, is  occupied  by  the  following  note. 

"  The  14"*  day  of  December,  being  the  third  Sunday  after 
Advent,  at  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  died  Thomas 
Tanner,  LL.D.,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph  and  Canon  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  late  Chancellor  of  Norwich,  Archdeacon 
of  Norfolk,  and  Rector  of  Thorpe  by  Norwich,  my  great 
friend  and  dear  patron;  whose  loss  to  me  is  very  great, 
as  well  as  to  the  Church  in  general,  to  the  discipline  of 
which  he  was  a  strict  adherer,  and  to  its  poor  of  unlimited 
charity. 

**  Heu  !  lachrymanduB  obiit. 
"  Cffitera,  quae  desunt,  narrabit  iama  superstes.  t 

*'  Fra.  Blomefield,  Cl." 

Blomefield's  gratitude  was  not  stained  by  selfishness,  nor 
was  his  intercourse  with  others  hindered  by  any  want  of 

and  additions  by  a  different  hand :  the  ftret  page  is,  here  and  there,  illegible, 
partly  from  the  paleness  of  the  ink,  and  partly  from  the  notes  which  Peter 
Lo  Neve  (the  possessor  of  the  MS.  in  1724)  has  unmercifully  scribbled  over 
it.  Heame  and  others  have  attributed  this  remarkable  production  to  Skel- 
ton."  Mr.  Dyce,  however,  is  of  opinion  that  the  poem  contains  dedsive 
evidence  that  Skelton  was  not  its  author.  (Dyce's  Work$  of  SkeUon,  Vol.  II., 
p.  418.) 

*  The  mortifying  occurrence  here  alluded  to,  evidently  took  place  before 
the  printing  of  the  Norfolk  History  was  begun,  pie  Entry-Book,  so  often 
quoted,  does  not,  I  think,  contain  any  other  notice  of  it ;  nor  mention  the 
fire  which  (according  to  the  Norfolk  Towr)  consumed  *'not  only  aU  the 
numbers  printed  off,  but  press  and  printing-house,  when  he  had  scarcely  got 
through  the  first  volume."  (JVor/.  Tcmr,  Vol.  11.,  p.  1166.) 

t  See  Blom.  Norf,  Vol.  III.,  p.  636. 


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transparency  in  his  own  character.  His  advice  and  assistance 
were  given  to  men  of  congenial  spirit,  with  a  readiness  and 
candour  very  worthy  of  imitation. 

Benjamin  Mackerell,  known  as  the  author  of  a  History 
of  Lynn,  having  introduced  himself  to  him  as  '^  a  lover 
of  Antiquity,"  he  wrote  in  reply : 

"  Fersfield,  Nov.  4,  1785. 
"  Good  Sir, 

"  I  received  your  kind  letter,  for  which  I  thank 
you;  and  shall  make  bold  to  call  on  you  some  afternoon 
at  my  next  coming  to  Norwich,  which  I  expect  will  be 
very  soon.  Mr.  Parkyn,  who  is  now  with  me,  gives  his 
service  to  you;  and  no  longer  ago  than  last  week,  Mr. 
Martin  mentioned  you  to  me,  and  wondered  I  had  not  been 
acquainted  with  you.  I  am  glad  to  learn  we  have  another 
brother  in  the  county ;  for  there  are  but  few  of  us. 

"  I  am,  your  most  humble  servant, 

"F.  B." 

Soon  afterwards  we  find  him  communicating  his  views, 
at  the  request  of  the  same  individual,  as  to  a  projected  work 
on  Coins.*     The  following  passage  is  characteristic : 

"  I  am  not  acquainted  with  a  pewter-engraver,  though 
there  are  numbers  in  London,  and  I  will  find  you  one  out. 
Mr.  Pennock  is  my  wood-cutter.  He  lives  in  Lewin  Street, 
in  Aldersgate  Street.  But,  to  deal  fireely  with  you,  as  is 
always  my  way  with  all  mankind,  I  would  not  have  you 
send  him  any  specimens  as  yet ;  for  he  hath  near  150  plates 
of  mine  under  his  hands  now,  and  I  am  afraid  it  might  stop 
him  in  carrying  them  on  speedily." 

*  See  Norfolk  Topogr<y^her*s  Manual,  p.  89.  Mr.  Beaupr6  Bell  appears  to 
lia.ye  entertained  the  design  of  publishing  on  the  same  subject.  Blomefield, 
in  a  note  of  a  letter  he  addressed  to  that  gentleman,  says,  "He  hath  a  cata- 
logue of  what  I  have,  any  of  which  are  at  his  service '  Let  me  know 

what  forwardness  your  work  is  in :  if  you  have  not  agreed  for  all  your  plates, 
perhaps  I  may  be  serviceable  that  way.'  " 


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If  Mr.  Blomefield  had  departed  from  the  resolution  he 
had  often  expressed,  that,  to  the  memory  of  Bishop  Tanner 
alone,  he  would  dedicate  his  book,*  it  would  have  been  that 
he  might  haye  had  the  honour  to  lay  it  at  the  feet  of  royalty. 
In  June  1737,  we  meet  with  him  corresponding  on  this 
subject  with  WiUiam  Winde,  Esq.,  who  had  been  on  a  visit 
at  Fersfield. 

'*  Since  your  departure,  a  thought  has  occurred  to  me 
which  I  would  have  your  opinion  upon ;  and,  if  it  be  not 
too  presumptuous,  would  willingly  dedicate  my  book  to  his 
Broyal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales,  who,  as  I  am  in- 
formed, is  a  great  encourager  of  arts  and  sciences.  And,  if  I 
should  be  so  happy  as  to  have  the  approbation  of  his  Royal 
Highness,  would  humbly  crave  a  copper-plate  of  any  pic- 
ture which  he  shall  judge  most  like  himself,  to  perpetuate 
it  to  posterity,  by  placing  it  as  a  frontispiece  to  my  work; 
there  being  so  few  of  the  effigies  of  the  preceding  Princes  of 
Wales  now  extant.  This  would  add  lustre  to  the  under- 
taking, to  have  so  noble  a  person  appear  at  the  head  of  so 
many  Princes  of  the  royal  blood,  that  have  anciently  been 
great  benefactors  to  this  county,  and  especially  the  renowned 
Black  Prince,  who,  as  well  as  his  Boyal  Highness,  was  the 
darling  and  delight  of  the  people.  And  I  am  fully  per- 
suaded that  the  nobility  and  gentry  of  the  county  would 
think  it  a  great  honour,  to  find  themselves  and  their  ancestors 
under  the  protection  of  so  noble  a  patron.  I  leave  this  en- 
tirely to  your  consideration,  and  shall  do  in  it  as  you  shall 
direct.  As  there  are  already  several  numbers  published,  I 
have  sent  a  set,  which  I  desire  (if  you  think  it  right)  may 
be  presented  to  his  Boyal  Highness,  that  he  may  see  my 
method,  and  what  sort  of  work  it  is,  before  I  dare  be  so 

bold  as  to  ask  his  approbation 

"  I  am,  your  most  obliged  humble  servant, 

"  Francis  Blomefield." 

*  See  his  Introduction,  p.  i. 


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221 

In  another  letter  to  the  same  gentleman^  our  author  draws 
attention  to  the  strong  language  he  had  employed  in  his 
"Introduction,"  where  he  certainly  appears  to  haye  pre- 
cluded himself  from  seeking  a  new  patron,  however  exalted* 
"I  must  manage/'  he  observes,  "so  as  to  turn  the  compli- 
ment consentaneous  to  that," — a  difficulty  which,  no  doubt, 
he  found  to  be  insuperable. 

As  regards  the  amount  of  success  that  followed  his  ex- 
ertions, he  had  abundant  reason  to  be  satisfied  with  it.  The 
Introduction  is  dated  25th  March,  1736;  and  before  the 
end  of  the  following  month  he  wrote  to  Mr.  Thurlboum, 
his  Cambridge  bookseller : 

"I  have  met  with  encouragement  far  above  my  expecta- 
tion; and  tho'  I  printed  a  good  number  above  my  subscri- 
bers that  I  was  aware  of,  wanted  some  hundreds,  so  that  I 
have  been  forced  to  reprint  it." 

Again,  in  the  middle  of  May  he  writes  to  Mr.  Carlos  of 
Norwich : 

**  I  have  had  such  a  nin,  that  I  have  only  eight  of  those 
of  the  first  number  that  I  printed  off  the  second  time,  in  the 
whole  world,  and  must  reprint  it  again;  but  by  degrees, 
because  it  would  retard  my  going  on  for  a  month,  if  I  did 
it  at  once,  which  I  am  resolved  not  to  do." 

And  again,  addressing  Dr.  Briggs,  2l8t  May : 

"  You  are  not  sensible  with  what  pleasure  I  find,  by  your 
and  the  rest  of  my  friends'  encouragement,  the  work  goes 
on  briskly,  having  had  such  a  run  of  subscribers  that,  in 
one  fortnight  after  the  publishing  of  my  first  number,  I  got 
as  many  new  subscribers  as  I  had  in  the  whole  before,  which 
occasioned  me  to  reprint  it.  And  then  also  mistook  my 
number;  for  I  have  had  such  an  increase  that  they  are  all 
gone ;  and  now  I  am  forced  to  print  promissory  notes  that  I 
will  deliver  No.  1  before  the  first  volume  is  finished." 


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Neither  of  Blomefield's  parents  had  lived  to  reach  what 
the  Psalmist  designates  as  the  full  term  of  human  life ;  and 
he  was  himself  cut  oS,  in  the  midst  of  his  labours^  before 
his  years  had  numbered  half  a  century.  The  Parish-register, 
in  which  he  had  delighted  to  do  honour  to  members  of  his 
family  less  eminent  than  himself,  supplies  no  more  than  the 
following  cold  record  of  this  eyent : 

**  Francis  Blomefield,  Reef  of  this  parish,  departed  this 
life  on  Thursday,  the  16^**  day  of  January,  1762,  and  was 
buried  in  the  chancel,  on  the  south  side  of  the  altar,  on 
Saturday  evening,  Jan.  y«  W\  1752." 

A  black  marble  slab  covers  his  grave,  bearing  the  sub- 
joined inscription : 

**  Beneath  this  stone  are  deposited 

the  remains  of  Francis  Blohbfibld, 

formerly   of    Caius   Ck>llege,    Cambridge, 

late  Rector  of  Fersfield  and  Brockdish 

in  this  County, 

and  Author  of  the  History  of  Norfolk, 

A  work  which,  had  he  lived  to  have  completed  it, 

would  have  conveyed  a  lasting  obligation 

on  his  native  Coimty, 

and  on  himself  the  merit  of 

extensive  powers  successfully  exerted. 

To  the  grief  of  his  family  and  Friends, 

and  the  regret  of  learning, 

he  was  snatched  away 

in  the  midst  of  his  labours 

at  the  age  of  47, 

on  the  16^  of  January,  1752." 

**  In  the  same  vault  also  are  consigned 

the  remains  of  Mary  his  wife 

Daiighter   of    Arthur*    Womack, 

Rector    of    Buxton  f    and    Oxnead, 

and  Caster  next  Yarmouth. 

She   died   much  lamented  for 

Her  tenderness,  piety,  and  virtue, 

*  Sic :  should  be  Laurence.  t  Buxton  is  a  Vicarage. 


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January  12^,  1796,  aged  89, 

leaying  two  daughters  —  Elizabeth 

married  to  William  Mason,  Eaq^. 

of  Necton  in  this  County, 

and  Alice  who  still  remains  unmarried." 

As  regards  the  Le  Neve  Collectanea,  Blomefield  writes  to 
Bishop  Tanner^  "  Mr.  Martin  desires  me  to  acquaint  you, 
that  he  takes  care  of  Mr.  Le  Neve's  collections,  till  I  have 
finished ;^^  and  this  he  probably  did,  though  it  is  a  well- 
known  fact  that  he  sold  them  in  his  lifetime,  and  sold  them 
avowedly  as  having  been  the  property  of  King  Peter.  They 
had  been  "  freely  communicated  "  as  the  History  of  Norfolk 
had  progressed ;  and  the  author,  in  return,  had  publicly 
avowed  an  intention  that  his  own  collections  should  be  joined 
to  those  of  Mr.  Le  Neve,  so  that  being  together y  they  might 
be  consulted  at  all  times.  *  Melancholy  sentences  these, 
pointing  at  unfulfilled  projects  and  vain  hopes !  A  portion, 
indeed,  of  the  antiquarian  stores  from  Fersfield  fell  into  the 
hands  of  Martin.  And,  truly,  his  must  have  been  a  noble 
accumulation  of  materials.  But  his  death,  it  is  well  known, 
led  to  their  total  dispersion,  in  which  we,  of  the  Norfolk  and 
Norwich  Archaeological  Society,  have  so  far  reason  to  rejoice, 
as  that  by  means  of  this  dispersion  our  worthy  member, 
Mr.  Carthew,  has  materially  enriched  our  volumes ;  and  this 
very  paper  is  indebted  to  that  circumstance  for  much  of  the 
little  interest  it  may  be  allowed  to  possess. 

Still  &rther,  let  it  not  be  forgotten,  that,  from  the  same 
cause,  those  collections  may  have  become  the  more  exten- 
sively available  and  useful.  Contributing  to  enrich  nume- 
rous libraries,  and  finding  their  way,  by  degrees,  into  many 

*  Blom.  Norf,t  Introduction^  p.  xii.  By  his  will,  executed  but  a  few  days 
before  his  death,  Blomefield  directed  a  general  couTersion  of  his  personalty 
into  money,  to  be  applied  towards  the  payment  of  his  debts.  Administra* 
tion  was  granted  on  the  renunciation  of  the  executors  to  two  principal 
creditort. 


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224 

a  publication^  over  how  broad  a  siirface  have  they  spread 
the  light  of  other  days !  In  how  many  minds  have  they 
assisted  to  cherish  that  sober  taste  for  antiquities  which,  in 
some  measure,  supersedes  the  more  frivolous  literature  of 
the  present  age ! — Who  can  calculate  their  influence  in  scat- 
tering pleasures  intellectual  and  pure,  in  affording  occasions 
for  that  interchange  of  friendly  offices  which,  like  the  quality 
of  mercy,  "  is  twice  blessed,"  and  in  multiplying  the  "  few  " 
allies  of  Archaeology  into  a  goodly  host  ? 

Almost  innumerable  manuscripts,  not  deemed  to  be  of 
such  *'  good  consequence  in  history  "  as  to  have  been  offered 
for  sale,  remained  with  the  Martin  family.  A  large  mass  of 
these  was  buried  in  the  earth  by  the  late  Mr.  Robert  Martin, 
Sen.,  of  Bressingham.  Surely  there  were,  among  them,  some 
which  the  descendant  of  an  antiquary  might  have  spared 
so  ignominious  a  fate  ?  It  would  be  delightful  to  know  that 
any  documents  of  general  interest  had  escaped :  much  more, 
that  they  were  destined  to  do  service  to  an  Association 
which  aims  to  cultivate  and  extend  the  territory,  traversed, 
in  a  by-gone  age,  by  the  laborious  but  cheerful  footsteps  of 
Tanner  and  Blomefield,  Martin  and  Le  Neve. 


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WnX  OF  SIR  JOM  FASTOLF, 

TOUOBINO 

Ei^t  #i8tatU£(t)inent  of  ^in  OtDUege  at  Catister. 

OOMMUNICATBD  BT 

DAWSON   TURNER,    ESQ., 

YICI-PKB8IDBNT. 


So  entirely  different^  as  well  in  the  nature  as  the  extent 
of  its  bequests^  is  the  following  Testamentary  Disposition 
from  that  quoted  by  Gough  in  his  Notes  to  Oldys'  "  Life  of 
Fastolf/'  in  the  BiograpMa  BrUannica,  that  I  cannot  but 
feel  gratified  at  the  opportunity  of  communicating  to  the 
Norfolk  Archaeological  Society^  a  hitherto  unpublished  do- 
cument;  which  not  only  forms  part  and  parcel  of  the  history 
of  one  of  the  most  distinguished  worthies  of  the  county^ 
but  more  especially  illustrates  the  two  brightest  traits  of 
his  character — lus  piety  and  his  charity.  It  bears  date  the 
Saturday  after  the  Feast  of  All  Saints,  1459;  and,  conse- 
quently, the  day  immediately  prior  to  the  other  Will  just 
referred  to,  which  was  executed  on  the  following  Sunday. 
Both  of  them  are  incomplete  in  themselves,  as  making  no 
mention  of  the  Knight's  principal  bequests,  those  to  his 
cousin  Faston,  to  the  Universities,  &c.  Both  may  therefore 
reasonably  be  supposed  to  have  been  intended  merely  as 
codicils  to  one  or  several  others,  which  he  had  caused  to  be 
drawn  up  at  different  stages  of  his  declining  course.  The 
second,  however  copious,  appears  to  be  nothing  further  than 


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a  more  enlarged  and  minute  disposal  of  the  less  important 
portions  of  his  property.     What  Mr.  Gough  has  printed  of 
it,  is  a  "  translation  or  abstract  in  English  from  a  fair  copy, 
not  very  correct,  of  the  Latin  original,"  now  no  longer  forth- 
coming.    The  copy  is  without  doubt  the  same  as  is  referred 
to  by  our  learned  member,   Mr.   Amyot,  in  his  excellent 
Paper  printed  in  the  ArchtBologia,  Vol.  XXI.  p.  282,  headed 
^*  Transcripts  of  two  Rolls,  containing  an  Inventory  of  Effects 
of  Sir  John  Fastolf.'*      It  is  preserved,  together  with  the 
Bolls,  in  the  rich  storehouse  of  treasures  of  learning  and 
art,  at  Narford,  the  seat  of  Andrew  Fountaine,  Esq.     Of  its 
contents,  a  brief  summary  is  inserted  in  the  Historical  Sketch 
of  Caister  Castle^  Sfc,  p.  55 ;  and  I  hope  I  shall  not  be  con- 
sidered as  unreasonably  intruding  upon  the  indulgence  of  the 
Society,  in  begging  leave  here  to  transcribe  this  summary ; 
inasmuch  as  it  will  enable  our  members  not  only  to  form  an 
idea  of  the  Knight*8  diversified  property,  but  also  of  his 
public  spirit,  and  the  general  good  feeling  that  guided  his 
actions.     It  is  to  be  observed,  however,  that  it  makes  no 
mention  of  his  ninety-four  manors,  of  his  proportionably  ex- 
tensive church-patronage,  of  his  seat  at  Caister,  of  his  three 
magnificent  town-residences,  and  of  the  long  list  of  parishes 
wherein  he  held  possessions  of  difiTerent  kinds  ;    compre- 
hending almost  every  one  in  the  east  and  south  of  Norfolk, 
as  well  as  in  the  adjoining  portions  of  Suffolk. 

"It  commences  by  commending  the  soul  of  the  testator 
to  God,  to  the  blessed  Virgin,  and  all  the  Saints ;  and  then, 
having  given  directions  for  the  interment  of  his  body,  it 
proceeds  to  distribute  his  worldly  goods  among  purposes 
of  piety,  benevolence,  and  public  utility.  The  college  or 
chapel,  with  its  various  occupants,  is  primarily  remembered. 
To  the  repair  and  support  of  the  harbour  of  the  neigh- 
bouring town  of  Great  Yarmouth,  and  to  the  maintenance 
of  its  walls,  he  then  bequeaths  one  hundred  marcs ;  annexing 
the  customaiy  condition,  that  the  inhabitants  shall  pray  for 


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the  repose  of  his  soul.  To  procure  himself  a  similar  return, 
he  devotes  a  sufficient  sum,  at  the  discretion  of  his  executors, 
to  all  the  religious  Orders,  both  in  Yarmouth  and  Norwich ; 
and  upon  the  parish  church  of  each  village  or  town,  where 
he  had  either  a  seat,  or  a  manor,  or  lands  and  tenements, 
he  bestows  a  silk  gown,  in  which  the  priest,  arrayed,  shall 
celebrate  mass,  and  offer  prayers  for  his  departed  spirit. 
His  tenants  and  menial  attendants  are  to  receive  a  com- 
petent reward  for  their  services,  to  the  sum  of  three  hundred 
marcs,  according  to  their  several  conditions  and  merits ;  so, 
however,  that  the  gentlemen  and  valets  should  have,  each  of 
them,  double  the  rest ;  especially  those  who  had  attended  him 
in  all  perils  and  dangers,  in  sickness  and  in  health.  The 
public  roads  and  bridges,  both  in  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  are 
not  forgotten ;  neither  is  the  repair  of  the  parochial  churches ; 
and,  when  all  debts,  legacies,  and  expenses  shall  have  been 
duly  discharged,  the  residue  is  placed  at  the  disposal  of  his 
executors,  to  be  distributed  in  furtherance  of  the  salvation  of 
his  soul — for  this  was  the  object  he  constantly  had  in  view 
— among  the  poor,  infirm,  lame,  blind,  and  bed-ridden;  still 
always  with  a  preference  for  his  own  relations,  neighbours, 
or  tenants.  Within  twenty-four  hours  after  these  pious  and 
benevolent  desires  were  expressed,  the  heart  that  prompted, 
and  the  tongue  that  dictated  them,  were  cold  in  death. 

^^  The  execution  of  the  Will  was  consigned  to  no  fewer  than 
seven  individuals, — William  of  Waynfleete;  John,  Lord 
Beauchamp ;  Nicolas,  Abbot  of  Langley ;  Friar  John  Brack- 
ley  ;  Sir  William  Yelverton  ;  John  Paston ;  Thomas  Howys; 
and  William  Worcester.  Two  only  of  the  number,  how- 
ever, were  to  be  acting  executors,  John  Paston,  the  heir 
and  nearest  of  kin,  and  Thomas  Howys,  who  had  custo- 
marily ministered  to  his  spiritual  necessities.  The  duty 
of  the  others  was  confined  to  assisting  the  latter  with  their 
counsel,  or  supplying  the  place  of  either  which  by  death 
was  vacant.     It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that,  amidst  all  the 


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testamentary  injunctions^  one  only  had  reference  to  the  pride 
or  posthumous  fame  of  the  deceased :  that  item  is  the  com- 
mand, that  in  every  church  whose  restry  he  enriched  with  a 
silk  robe,  his  atchievement  should  be  hung  up,  embroidered 
at  the  discretion  of  his  executors,  and  such  as  should  be  most 
convenient  or  becoming  to  those  churches." 

Having  premised  thus  much,  I  subjoin  the  transcript  of 
the  Will  first  alluded  to ;  merely  observing,  that  I  am  in- 
debted for  the  possession  of  it  to  Sir  Francis  Falgrave,  who 
is  of  opinion  that  it  is  unquestionably  an  instrument  of  the 
date  it  bears,  and  is,  as  he  believes,  an  original  probate 
copy. 


Anno  Domini  miUesimo  quadringentesimo  quinquagesimo, 
nono  Mensis  Novembris,  videlicet  die  Sabbati  pp  post  Fes- 
tum  Omnium  Sanctorum,  Johannes  Fastolff,  Miles,  de  Com. 
Northfolck,  Norvicen.  dioc.  in  Manerio  suo  de  Castre,  dicte 
dioc",  quoad  bona  sua  imobilia,  suam  ultimam  declaravit 
voluntatem,  prout  sequitur.  John  Fastolff,  knyght,  the 
secunde  and  ye  thirde  day  of  ye  moneth  of  Novembr,  the 
yere  of  the  reigne  of  King  Henry  the  sexte,  after  the 
conquest,  xxxviij  yers,  being  of  longe  tyme,  as  he  said, 
in  purpos  and  wiUe  to  founde  and  stablish  w^ne  the  gret 
Mansion  at  Castre,  by  hym  late  edified,  a  College  of  vij 
Religious  men,  Menkes,  or  seculer  prests,  and  vij  pore 
folke,  to  pray  for  his  soule,  and  ye  soulys  of  his  wife,  his 
fadir,  and  modir,  and  other  yat  he  was  beholde  to  in  ppe- 
tuite.  And  forasmuch  as  he  had,  as  he  rehercid,  a  very 
truste  and  love  to  his  Cosyn,  John  Fasten,  and  desired  the 
pfo'myng  of  the  purpos  and  wille  forsad  to  be  accomplyshed. 
And  that  the  said  Sir  John  shulde  not  be  movid  ne  stered 
in  his   own  psone   for  ye   said  accomplyshing  of  ye   said 


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purpoos  and  wille,  ne  with  noon  other  worldly  maters^  but 
at  his  owne  request  and  plesire,  wold,  ganted  and  ordeyned, 
that  the  said  John  Faston  shalle  w^ynne  resonable  tyme  after 
ye  dysese  of  ye  said  Sir  John,  doo,  founde,  and  stablysh, 
in  ye  said  mansion,  a  College  of  yij  monks  or  prests,  and 
vij  porefolke,  for  to  pray  for  ye  soulys  abouesaid  in  ppetuite. 
So  that  one  of  the  said  monks  or  prests  be  master,  and  haue 
x"  yerely.  And  ich  oyir  Monke  or  Preste  x  marc  yerely. 
And  ich  of  the  porefolke  xl»  yerely.  And  yat  the  said 
John  Faston  shalle  make  sure  to  the  said  CoUegions  a 
sufficient  Eomme,  and  a  competent  and  an  esy  duelling- 
place  in  the  said  mansion,  the  said  Collegions  nor  ther 
Successours  bering  no  charge  of  Reparacion  thereof;  for 
which,  and  for  other  charge  and  labours,  yat  ye  said  John 
Faston  hath  doon  and  taken  vppon  hym  to  ye  eas  and  pfite 
of  ye  said  John  Fastolf,  and  for  other  consideracions  by 
hym  rehercid,  the  said  Sir  John  Fastolff  wolde,  ganted, 
and  ordeyned,  that  ye  said  John  Faston  shalle  haue  alle  ye 
maners,  lands,  and  tenements,  in  North,  Southfolk,  and 
Norwich,  in  which  the  said  John  Faston  or  any  other 
are  or  were  enfefPed,  or  have  title  to  ye  use  of  the  said 
Sir  John  Fastolff.  And  yat  alle  ye  feffees  infeffed  in  ye 
said  maners,  londs,  and  tenements,  shalle  make  and  deliuer 
a  state  of  ye  said  maners,  lands,  and  tenements,  to  such 
psones,  at  such  tymes  and  in  such  forme,  as  ye  said  John 
Faston,  his  heirs,  and  his  assignes,  shalle  requiere  thaym 
or  any  of  thayme.  And  that  the  said  John  Faston  shalle 
pay  to  othir  of  the  said  Sir  John's  executours,  iiij°*  marc 
of  laufuUe  money  of  England  in  ye  feme  yat  foloweth; 
that  is  to  say,  where  ye  said  Sir  John  hadde  apointed  and 
assigned  that  his  executours  shalle,  ye  firste  yere  aftir  his 
disses,  dispoos  for  his.soule,  and  pfo'myng  his  wille  a  iiij" 
marc,  or  a  iij"^  of  money.  And  yerely  after,  viij®  mrc,  tille 
ye  goods  be  disposed,  the  said  John  Faston  shalle  pay  iche 
othir  yere  ye  said  sume  of  viij*  marc  tille  ye  sume  of  iiij" 

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marc  be  paid.  So  that  ye  said  mevall  goods  shall  ye  lenger 
endure  to  be  disposed,  by  y*avise  of  his  executor  for  ye 
said  soulys.  And  also  ye  said  Sir  John  said^  forasmuch 
as  it  was  the  very  wille  and  entent  of  ye  said  Sir  John 
yat  the  said  John  Faston  shidde  be  thus  arauntaged,  and 
in  no  wise  hurte  of  his  pp'  goods^  therefore  ye  said  Sir 
John  wolde  &  ganted^  that^  if  the  said  John  Faston^  after 
the  dissese  of  the  said  Sir  John^  by  occasion  and  vnlaufuUe 
trouble  in  yis  reame,  or  by  maynteince,  or  myght  of  lords, 
or  for  defaute  of  justice,  or  by  vnreasonable  exaccions,  axid 
of  hym  for  ye  licence  of  ye  said  fundacion,  w*oute  coyeyne 
or  firaude  of  hymselue,  be  lettid  or  taried  of  ye  making  or 
stablesshing  of  ye  making,  of  ye  said  fundacon,  that  thanne 
he  fynde  or  doo  finde,  yerely  aftir  ye  first  yere  of  this 
dissese  of  the  said  Sir  John,  vij  prests  to  pray  for  ye  said 
soulys  in  ye  said  mansion,  if  he  can  pyey  so  many ;  or  els, 
for  as  many^  prests  as  faile,  geve  yerely  aftir  ye  said  first 
yere  by  y'auise  of  his  executours  to  bedredmen  and  other 
nedy  true  pepille,  asmuch  money  in  almose  for  the  said 
sowlys  as  the  salary  or  findyng  of  the  prests  so  faillyng  is 
worthe  or  amoimteth  to,  vnto  the  tyme  he  may  laufully  and 
peasably  founde  the  said  College.  And  doo  his  true  devir 
for  the  said  ftindacon  in  the  meane  tyme.  And  the  said 
Sir  John  Fastolff  wolde,  ganted,  and  desired  faithfully  alle 
the  resedewe  of  his  Executours  and  fefiees  to  shewe  the 
said  John  Faston  fauor  in  the  said  payments  and  dues,  and 
help  hym  for  the  kings  intereste  and  the  eschetours,  and 
further  hym  in  that  thay  may  in  alle  othir  thyngs,  as  they 
wolde  doo  to  hym  selue.  And  not  vex  ne  inquiette  hym 
for  the  said  fundacon  in  the  meane  tyme.  Ande  where  the 
said  Sir  John  fastolflf  made  his  wille  and  testament  the  xiiij 
day  of  June  in  Somer  last  passed.  He  wolde,  ganted,  and 
ordeyned,  that  this  his  wille  touching  thes  premissez,  as 
welle  as  the  said  wiUe  made  the  said  xiiij  day,  except  and 
Toided  oute  of  his  said  wille  made  the  said  xiiij  day,  alle 


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SSI 

that  concerneth  or  pteyneth  to  the  fundacon  of  a  College, 
Priory,  or  Chauntry,  or  of  any  Beligious  psones.    And  alle 
that  concerneth  the  sale  or  disposing  of  the  said  maners, 
landsy  and  teneinents,  whereof  this  is  the  very  declaracon 
of  his  full  wille,  stand  and  be  joyntly  his  very  enteir  and 
last  wille,  and  annexed  and  proued  togedir.     Also  the  said 
Sir  John  Fastolff,  knyght,  the  tuysday  next  before  the  fest 
of  alle   Saints,  and  in  ye  moneth   of  Septembr,   the   said 
yere,  and  the  iij  day  of  Nouembr,  and  diuse  other  tymes 
at  Castre  aforesaid,  wolde,  ordenyd,  and  declared  his  wille 
touching  the  making  of  the   said  College,  aswelle  as  the 
gante  of  the  said  maners,  lands,  and  tenements,  in  Nor£^, 
Su£^,    and    Norwich,   in  fourme,  manere,    and    substance 
aforeseid.      Also  the  said  Sir  John  wolde  and  ordeyned, 
that  if  the  said  John  Paston,  by  force  or  myght  of  any 
other  desiring  to  haue  the   said  mansion,  were  letted  to 
founde  the  said  College  in  the  said  mansion,  that  thanne 
the  said  John  Paston  shulde  doo  poule  doun  the  said  man- 
sion, and  euy  stone  and  stikke  thereof.     And  do  founde  iij 
of  the  said  vij  ^tes  or  monks  at  Saincte  Benetts,  and  one 
at  Yermuth,  one  at  Attilbrugh,  and  one  at  Sainte  Oleves 
church  in  Southwerke.     Also  the  said  Sir  John  Fastolff,  the 
iij  and  the  iiij  daies  of  the  moneth  of  Nouember  aforesaid, 
desired  his  said  wille  in  writyng,  touching  the  fiindacion 
of  the  said   College    and   the    gante  of  the   said  maners, 
lands,  and  tenements,  to  the  said  John  Paston,  to  be  redde 
ynto  the  said  S'  John.      And,  that  same  wille  redde  and 
declared  vnto  hym  articulerly,  the  said  Sir  John  Fastolffe 
wolde,  ordeyned,   and  ganted,   that  the  said  John  Paston 
shulde  be  discharged,  of  the  payment  of  the  said  iiij°^  markes, 
and  nought  pay  thereof,  in  case  he  did  execute  the  rememte 
of  the  said  wille.     Also  the  said  Sir  John  Fastolff,  knyght, 
aboute  the  tjrme  of  hervest,  the  yere  of  ye  reigne  of  king 
Henry  the  sexte  xxxv***  yere,  at  Castr,  feste  by  Mikel  Yer- 
muth, in  the  shire  of  Norfi^,  in  ^sence  of  dius  psones  that 

r2 


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tyme  called  to  by  ye  said  Sir  Schn,  did  make  a  state  and 
feffement  and  liuery  of  the  seisin  of  the  maner  of  Castre 
aforesaid^  and  other  maners^  lands,  and  tenements^  in  Norff^^ 
to  John  Paston,  Squier,  and  other;  and  at  that  lyuerey  of 
seisin  thereof  deliued^  as  welle  by  the  hande  of  the  said 
Sir  John  as  by  other^  the  said  Sir  John  Fastolfe,  by  his 
own  mouth,  declared  his  wille  and  entente  of  that  feffement 
and  livery  of  seisin,  made  to  the  yse  of  the  said  Sir  John 
affor  daring  his  live  onely.  And  aftir  his  decese  to  the  yse 
of  the  said  John  Paston  and  his  heirs.  And  also  the  said 
Sir  John  said  and  declared  that  ye  said  John  Paston  was 
the  best  frende,  and  helper,  and  supporter,  to  the  said  Sir 
John.  And  that  was  his  wille,  that  the  said  John  Paston 
shulde  haue  and  enheritte  the  same  manors,  lands,  and  tene- 
ments, and  other  after  his  decese.  And  ther  to  dueUe  and 
abide  and  kepe  householde.  And  desired  Davy  Wiltm  Bo- 
enlim,  priour  of  Yermouth,  and  Raufe  Lampet,  squier,  Baillyk 
of  Yermouth,  that  tyme  present,  to  recorde  the  same.  Also 
the  said  Sir  John  Fastolf,  the  yj  day  of  July  next  after  the 
tyme  of  the  sealing  of  his  wille,  made  the  xiiij  day  of  June, 
the  XXXV  of  king  henry  the  sexte ;  and  after  in  y'  presence 
of  Davy  Wiltm  Bokenhm,  that  tyme  prioure  of  Yermouth, 
and  other,  wolde,  ordeyned,  and  declared  his  wille,  that  the 
said  John  Paston  shulde  haue  alle  things  as  the  said  Sir 
John  had  ganted  and  declared  to  the  said  Prioure  and  other 
at  the  tyme  of  the  said  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  ♦  and  fefemement,  made  to 
the  said  John  Fasten,  the  said  xxxv  yere  of  king  henry  the 
vj*** ;  the  said  Sir  John  seying  that  he  was  of  the  same  wille 
and  ppoos  as  he  was  and  declared  at  the  tyme  of  the  said 
astate  takyng.  Also  the  said  Sir  John  wolde  that  John 
Paston  and  Thomas  Howes  and  noon  other  of  his  executours 
shulde  selle  alle  maners,  lands,  and  tenements,  in  whiche  any 
psones  were  enfeffed  to  the  vse  of  the  said  Sir  John,  excepte 
the  said  maners,  lands,  and  tenements  in  Nor£^,  Suff^,  and 
Norwich;   and  the  same  John  Paston  and  Thomas  Howes 


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233 

shalle  take  and  receyve  the  profites  ysshinge  and  emoluments 
comTng  of  the  said  maners,  lands^  and  tenements^  excepte 
before  excepte,  tille  thay  may  resonably  be  soldo.  And  that 
the  said  John  Faston  and  Thomas^  the  money  comyng  of  the 
same  sale^  aswelle  of  the  said  proufitte  ysshinge  and  emolu- 
ments^ shulde  dispoos  in  dedys  of  almose  for  the  soule  of  the 
said  Sir  John  and  the  soulys  aforesaid,  and  in  executyng 
of  his  wille  and  testament.  And  also  the  said  Sir  John  wolde 
that  alle  the  feffees  enfeffed  in  the  said  manors,  lands,  and 
tenements,  assigned  to  be  soldo  whanne  thay  be  ^required  by 
the  said  John  Faston  and  Thomas  Howes,  shalle  make  a  state 
to  psone  or  persons  as  the  said  John  Faston  and  Thomas 
shalle  selle  to,  the  said  manors,  lands,  and  tenements,  or  any 
part  therof.  And  that  noon  other  feffe  nor  the  executos  of 
the  said  Sir  John  shall  make  any  feffement,  relece,  ne  qui- 
tance,  of  any  lends  befor  assigned  to  be  soldo,  yat  wer  at 
any  tyme  longing  to  the  said  Sir  John,  withoute  y^  assente 
of  the  said  John  Faston  and  Thomas  Howes.  Dat.  Anno 
Domini,  mense  die  et  loco  supradict. 


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234 


ON  MISERERES; 

WITH 

Sin  especial  Heference  to  tj^oise  in  Nortotej^  (tat^tixal, 

AND  A  BRIKP  DBSCBIPTION  OF  EACH. 

GOMMUNICATBD  BY 

THj;  REV.  MCHARD  HART,   Hon.  Secretary, 
Sn  a  Xttta 

TO  THE  HON.  AND  VEBY  REV.  THE  DEAN  OF  NORWICH. 


Very  Rev.  and  dear  Sir. 

I  venture  to  address  you  on  the  present 
occasion,  weU  knowing  the  interest  which  you  take  in  the 
fine  old  Cathedral  over  which  you  preside. 

The  quaint  devices  carved  upon  the  SubseUia  under  the 
stall-canopies  scarcely  ever  receive  the  attention  which  they 
unquestionably  deserve.  Visitors  being,  generally  speaking, 
in  too  great  a  hurry  to  remove  so  many  cushions,  turn  up 
the  seats  upon  their  hinges,  and  view  them  in  succession : — 
yet  are  they  almost  the  solitary  representatives  of  ancient 
Church  furniture,  now  in  the  sacred  building ! 

The  term,  "Misererey^  by  which  antiquaries  of  the  present 
day  designate  these  curious  hinged  seats,  nowhere  occurs,  so 
far  as  I  am  aware,  in  Du  Cange's  Glossary  or  its  Supplement ; 
and  the  few  Ritual  works  which  I  possess  are  altogether 
silent  upon  the  subject.  Nevertheless,  ^^mutato  nominey^  there 
wiU  be  no  difficulty  in  explaining  and  establishing  their  ori- 
ginal use. 

The  following  are  the  words  of  Du  Cange,  together  with 
his  principal  authorities : 


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235 

"  MISERICORDIiE, — sellul©,  erectis  formarum  subselliis 
apposite^  quibus^  stantibus  senibus  vel  infirmis^  per  miseri" 
cordiam  insidere  conceditur,  dum  alii  stant.  %  Vetbkes 
coNsuBTUDiNES  Flobiacensis  C(enobii.  ^  Conventus,  erec- 
tis subselliis^  misericordm  assidebit.'  If  Statuta  ordinis 
DB  Sbmpbbingham.  (p.  721.)  '  FactA  oratione  super  fonnas, 
aut  miaericordiasy  si  tale  tempus  fuerit^  signantes  se  incliuent^ 

et  post  resideant  super  misericordiaa.*    If  Statuta 

OBDiNis  Cartusibnsis.  ^  In  festis  xij  lectionum  ad  Miaeri- 
cordias  inclinamus:  omni  yer6  alio  tempore  procumbimus 
super  formulas.' "  '^ 

Let  the  reader  go  into  one  of  the  stalls  and  lift  up  the 
square  seat  upon  its  hinges.  He  will  observe^  underneath, 
a  narrow  ledge,  on  which,  as  an  indt4lffence,  the  aged  monk 
might  support  himself,  (half  sitting,  half  leaning,)  when  the 
Bubric  directs  the  congregation  to  stand.  The  lower  part 
is  decorated  with  carving,  and  supported  on  each  side  by  a 
boss,  sometimes  consisting  of  one  or  more  figures,  but  gene- 
rally of  foliage,  flowers,  or  shields. 

These  carvings  and  their  supporters  will  form  the  subject 
of  my  paper. 

Though  of  course  unequal  in  point  of  merit,  nearly  all 
the  Misereres  in  our  Cathedral  are  valuable,  either  from  the 
skill  of  their  execution,  or  the  curiosity  of  their  design. 
More  than  one-ffth  of  the  whole  number  may  be  pronounced 
even  excellent: — they  exhibit  a  marvellous  variety  of  subject: 
their  grouping  is  generally  good ;  and  the  story  is  told  with 
an  heraldic  simplicity  which  modem  artists  would  do  well  to 
imitate. 

They  are  not  indeed  reducible  to  a  series^-'ivL  which  many 
parts  are  subservient  to  one  general  plan;  but  the  human 
mind  is  capable  of  analysis,  and  even  here  we  may  achieve 
something  in  the  way  of  classification;  the  motive  being 
sufficiently  intelligible,  however  wide  a  scope  the  artist  may 
have  given  to  his  imagination. 


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236 

My  colleague^  Mr.  Harrod^  has  kindly  lent  me  a  Paper 
upon  this  subject,  which  was  read  before  the  ArcJueologuxd 
Aaaociatiany  at  the  late  meeting  held  in  the  city  of  Wor- 
cester; and  I  shall  now,  as  briefly  as  possible,  explain  the 
author's  theory. 

Mr.  Wright,  who  is  a  zealous  and  accomplished  antiquary, 
begins  by  telling  us,  that  these  carvings  range  from  the 
thirteenth  century  to  the  Reformation ;  that  they  are  found 
on  the  Continent  as  well  as  in  this  country ;  and  that  **  the 
general  character  of  the  subjects  is  so  uniform,  that  we  might 
almost  suppose  that  the  carvers  throughout  Europe  possessed 
one  regular  and  acknowledged  series  of  working  patterns.'' 

He  imagines  that  these  mediaeval  artists  copied  the  designs, 
in  most  instances,  from  illuminations  in  books  which  were 
then  exceedingly  popular,  viz. : 

(1.)  From  the  Bestiaria,  or  works  on  the  Natural  His- 
tory of  Beasts,  &c. ;  at  that  period  including  mermaids, 
unicorns,  dragons,  &c.,  which,  although  still  retained  by  the 
Herald,  have  been  since  utterly  discarded  by  the  Zoologist. 
He  particularly  notices  the  legend,  that  the  unicorn  could 
only  be  entrapped  by  a  beautiful  maiden  of  spotless  purity, 
in  whose  lap  he  fearlessly  reposed,  and  thus  became  an  easy 
prey  to  the  huntsman.  It  is  noticed  in^his  place  as  having 
been  carved  upon  one  of  the  Misereres  in  the  church  of  St. 
Peter  Per-Mountergate  in  this  city. 

(2.)  From  the  collections  of  Fables  (called  Ysoprets  and 
AtynetSy  in  compliment  to  the  great  fabidists,  ^sop  and 
Avienus) ;  and  of  these  the  author  gives  a  few  examples. 

(3.)  From  the  Calendars  (or  Ecclesiastical  Almanacks), 
in  which  the  domestic  and  agricultural  pursuits  of  each 
month  used  to  be  depicted  on  the  top  or  margin  of  the 
page. 

(40  From  the  popular  Bomances  of  the  day  (called  "  Bo- 
mans  de  Oeste^^);  and  of  this  class  also  the  author  cites  a 
few  examples. 


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287 

(6.)  Mere  Grotesques,  Practtical  Jokes,  and  so  forth, 
may  (he  thinks)  have  originated  in  the  fancy  of  the  artists 
employed. 

He  warmly  repudiates  the  notion,  that  these  carvings  had 
any  reference  to  the  ill-feeling  which  anciently  subsisted  be- 
tween the  regular  and  secular  clergy ;  but  in  this  respect  I 
cannot  agree  with  him.  Our  early  historians  distinctly  record 
the  fact  of  these  jealousies  and  dissensions.  That  Misereres 
were  sometimes  employed  as  the  yehicles  of  ridicule  is  un- 
deniable ;  and  these  satirical  allusions  exactly  tally  with  the 
ancient  destination  of  the  church.  It  may  be  yery  true,  as 
Mr.  Wright  suggests,  that  these  carvings  were  neither  de- 
signed nor  executed  by  the  clergy  or  the  monks;  but  the  artist 
inoariahly  ctcts  under  the  direction  of  his  employer^  and  no 
man  would  have  tolerated  the  ridicule  of  his  own  Order  in 
a  building  under  his  own  control.*  Thus,  in  our  Cathedral, 
the  stalls  of  which  used  to  be  occupied  by  Benedictine  monks, 
the  cowl  has  been  respected ;  but  there  is  a  carving  over  one 
of  the  lavatories  representing  a  fox,  dressed  like  a  secular 
priest,  standing  in  a  pidpit  and  holding  up  a  goose  to  his 
audience.  On  the  other  hand,  there  used  to  be  ia  the  church 
of  St.  Peter  Per-Mountergate  (Norwich)  a  series  of  carvings 
ridiculing  the  monks  ;  that  church  having  been  connected  vnth 
a  college  of  secular  priests,  adjacent  to  the  North-east  comer 
of  the  cemetery.  It  contained  twenty-four  stalls ;  and  our 
County  Historian  has  described  fifteen  of  the  Misereres,  not 
one  of  which  now  remains  I  As  Misereres,  in  general,  form 
the  subject  of  this  paper,  the  whole  series  shall  be  inserted 
in  this  place  (from  the  folio  edition  of  Blomefield,  Vol.  II., 
p.  557) ;  though  all  do  not  bear  upon  the  point. 


*  Tlie  case  would  not  be  altered,  were  we  to  admit  the  auppoeition  that 
the  satire  was  borrowed  from  the  literature  of  the  day.  Our  author  entirely 
overloohs  the  fact,  that  many  of  the  mediaeyal  fables  and  romances  contain 
sly  allusions  to  the  vices  of  the  monastic  orders. 


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MISERERES   FORMERLY   IN   THE   CHURCH   OF   ST.    PETER 
PER-MO0NTERGATB, 

(1.)  A  woman  playing  on  a  harp,  and  a  monk  transfixing 
the  head  of  a  unicorn  reclining  in  her  lap. 

(@.)  Two  cockatrices  and  three  monks ;  one  holding  three 
arrows :  another  had  a  staff  in  his  hand,  a  bag  fastened  to 
his  girdle,  and  a  cowl  at  his  back;  and  the  third  held  a 
sword  in  his  hand. 

(3.)  Two  monkeys,  in  full  monastic  costume,  playing  on 
the  bagpipes. 

(4.)  A  monk  thrusting  out  his  stomach  and  blowing  a  horn ; 
his  hinder  part  being  a  lion. 

(5.)  Two  hares  eating  a  bunch  of  grapes. 

(6.)  A  fox,  dressed  like  a  monk,  with  a  pilgrim's  staff  in 
his  hand,  enticing  chickens  to  him  and  then  seizing  them. 

(7.)  A  monk  with  a  rosary,  issuing  out  of  a  welk-shell,  and 
holding  a  cart-saddle  ;  between  two  sea  monsters. 

(8.)  A  merman  holding  a  bason  and  comb. 

(9.)  Two  dolphins,  and  a  mermaid  suckling  a  merboy. 

(10.)  Hercules,  armed  with  a  dub,  holding  a  chained  lion. 

(11.)  A  lion  seizing  a  dragon. 

(12.)  An  eagle  fighting  an  armed  monk  and  seizing  his 
shield. 

(13.)  Three  dragons. 

(14.)  The  heads  of  two  aged  men  with  a  castle  between 
them,  and  a  watchman  at  the  top  holding  a  spear ;  and  also 
a  shield  having  a  castle  incised  upon  it. 

(15.)  A  castle  surmounted  by  a  watchman ;  a  lion  entering 
the  gate  beneath,  but  caught  by  the  fall  of  the  portcuUis.f 

t  At  the  West  end  of  St.  Andrew's  Chnroh,  Norwich,  are  several  Misereres^ 
one  of  which,  at  least,  is  deserring  of  attention.  There  are  also  a  few  in 
8t  Swithin's  Choroh,  Norwich;  and,  doubtless,  many  other  churches  in  the 
city  and  diocese  would  contribute  towards  the  illustration  of  my  sulject 


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&S9 

I  am  inclined  to  agree  with  Mr.  Wright  in  supposing  that 
these  artists  may  have^  in  many  instances,  borrowed  their 
subjects  from  the  Bestiaries,  Fables,  and  Calendars,  and  the 
Bomances  then  most  popidar;  but  that  they  were  mere 
copyists  in  the  treatment  of  those  subjects  I  cannot  easily 
beUeve.  In  different  churches  they  tell  the  very  same  tale 
in  a  totally  different  way.  With  his  intractable  materials, 
and  his  limited  space, — tied  down  even  to  one  particular 
shape,  and  dependant  for  his  effects  upon  outline  and  re- 
lief, without  the  aid  of  colour,  or  light  and  shade, — the 
wood-carver  would  have  acted  very  unwisely  in  choosing 
the  illuminist  for  his  model,  who  had  no  such  difficulties  to 
contend  with;  and,  besides,  Mr.  Wright  speaks  generally, 
without  mentioning  even  one  particular  instance  in  which 
he  has  traced  the  sculptured  copy  to  its  illuminated  original. 
Still  is  he  deserving  of  our  thanks,  for  a  very  valuable  sug- 
gestion which  may  be  of  great  use  to  us  hereafter. 

The  extraordinary  variety  which  I  shall  soon  have  oc- 
casion to  exemplify,  leads  me  to  suppose,  that,  in  the  choice 
and  treatment  of  their  subjects,  these  artists  were  totally  un- 
fettered by  rule.  They  might  copy,  or  they  might  invent, 
exactly  as  they  pleased.  They  might  tell  a  story  in  their 
own  way;  or  they  might  adopt  the  grouping  of  an  illumi- 
nation which  happened  to  please  their  fancy.  The  similarity 
of  treatment,  which  we  sometimes  observe,  both  in  England 
and  on  the  Continent,  almost  necessarily  arose  from  the 
identity  of  shape  and  material.  A  skilful  artist  would,  in 
^  probability,  have  been  employed  in  the  decoration  of 
various  chtirches,  carrying  his  mannerism  along  with  him; 
while  those  who  possessed  merely  a  manual  skill,  without 
originality,  must  have  found  it  convenient  to  imitate  his  most 
successful  achievements. 

I  shall  now  endeavour  to  classify  these  designs,  according 
to  the  obvious  intention  of  their  artists,  varying  as  they  did 
**  From  graye  to  gay,  from  lively  to  fleyere." 


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I.  Obnamental^  in  which  the  simple  object  was  to 
decorate  the  wood-work^  and  turn  the  small  space  allotted 
to  the  best  possible  account.  In  this  class,  I  would  include 
not  merely  flowers  and  foliage  (of  which  No.  5  in  the  Ca- 
talogue is  a  most  beauti^  example)  but  all  ornamental 
patterns  whatsoeyer. 

II.  Pictorial,  where  the  artist  chose  a  subject  simply 
with  a  view  to  picturesque  effect,  (such  as  a  hunting  scene) 
and  without  any  ulterior  design. 

III.  Scriptural  or  Legendary.  Subjects  of  this  nature 
were  evidently  unsuitable  to  such  a  position  (on  the  lower 
part  of  a  seat) ;  and  this  may  perhaps  account  for  their  rarity. 
Still  they  are  occasionally  to  be  met  with ;  and  on  the  Mise- 
reres of  Norwich  Cathedral,  we  observe  the  emblems  of 
three  of  the  Evangelists,  an  effigy  of  the  Blessed  Virgin, 
the  History  of  Sampson,  the  Parable  of  the  Prodigal  Son,  (?) 
St.  Michael  the  Archangel,  and  the  Legend  of  St.. George; 
thus  including  about  one-eighth  of  the  whole  number. 

IV.  Fabulous,  Romantic,  or  Historical.  This  class 
would  comprise  all  those  instances  in  which  the  subjects  were 
derived  from  the  Ysoprets  and  Avyneta,  or  from  the  Ro- 
mances most  popular  in  the  middle  ages ;  and  for  this  section, 
I  acknowledge  myself  indebted  to  Mr.  Wright. 

V.  Complimentary.  In  this  class,  I  include  all  those 
cases  in  which  the  armorial  bearings  of  benefactors  have 
been  introduced  as  supporters  to  Misereres.  That  such  was 
their  object,  is  materially  strengthened  by  a  fact,  pointed 
out  to  me  by  my  friend,  Mr.  Ewing,  viz.  that  several  of 
these  shields  are  also  sculptured  upon  the  stone-work  of  the 
Cathedral. 

VI.  Satirical,  of  which  I  hav^  already  spoken,  at  per- 
haps too  great  a  length. 

VII.  Humorous;  a  class  which  bears  a  very  large  pro- 
portion to  the  whole  number.  We  cannot  always  understand 
the  allusions ;  but  we  see  plainly  enough  that  mirth  was  their 


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object^  and  may  assure  ourselves  that  they  were  perfectly  in- 
telligible four  centuries  ago.  Their  humour  appears  to  have 
been  of  a  very  broad  and  homely  character ;  sometimes  (as 
in  Ely  Cathedral)  grievously  overstepping  the  boundaries  of 
decorum^  but  rarely,  if  ever,  rising  to  thelevel  of  wit. 

VIII.  Grotbsqub,  including  what  heralds  call  "  chymer 
figures!^  such  as  mermaids,  wyverns,  centaurs,  &c.,  (some 
of  which  were,  however,  then  included  in  works  on  Natural 
History.) 

Tradition  has  constantly  ascribed  the  wood-work,  as  well 
as  the  other  furniture  of  the  Choir  at  Norwich,  to  the  mu- 
nificence of  Bishop  Goldwell,  who  held  the  see  firom  1472 
to  1499 ;  and  a  few  of  the  Misereres  supply  corroborative 
evidence  of  the  fact,  the  costume  being  that  which  prevailed 
in  this  country  during  the  reign  of  Edward  IV.  I  parti- 
cularly refer  to  those  marked  18,  50,  and  57  in  my  Catalogue, 
(the  last  two  of  which  have  been  engraved) ;  but  the  reader 
is  also  recommended  to  study  the  armour  in  numbers  19, 
27,  38,  41,  45,  and  47 ;  the  miscellaneous  costume  in  num- 
bers 14,  17,  24,  37,  39,  and  52 ;  and,  especially,  the  female 
head-dress  in  number  66.  Several  of  these  may  indicate 
the  date  at  which  they  were  carved. 

When  we  reflect  upon  "  the  furious  sacrilege  "  that  was 
perpetrated  in  Norwich  during  the  year  1643,  and  **what 
clattering  of  glasses,  and  beating  down  of  walls ;  what  tearing 
down  of  monuments  and  pulling  up  of  seats ;  what  wresting 
out  of  iron  and  brass  from  the  windows  and  graves;  what 
defacing  of  arms,  and  demolishing  of  curious  stone-work," 
then  took  place  throughout  the  city,  \inder  the  authority  of 
the  Parliamentary  Commissioners;  and,  that  on  the  Guild- 
day  of  that  year,  "  the  Cathedral  was  filled  with  Musketeers, 
drinking  and  tobaccoing  as  freely  as  if  it  had  turned  ale- 
house,"* it  is  really  most  wonderful  that  the  wood- work  of 
the  choir  should  have  escaped  with  so  little  damage !  The  - 
•  Hall'B  Bwd  MeoiUf, 


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original  foundation  included  a  Prior,  Sub-prior,  and  sixty 
Monks;  and  sixty-one  Misereres  still  remain  almost  unin- 
jured!!! Time  has  been  lenient;  and  there  are  very  few 
traces  of  wilful  mutilation. 

There  are  altogether  twenty-two  shields  carved  upon  the 
wood-work  of  the  choir,  (or  eighteen,  if  we  deduct  those 
which  I  imagine  to  be  duplicates),  and,  as  they  have  not  been 
noticed  either  by  Blomefield  or  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  I  have 
been  advised  to  describe  them  separately,  as  they  occur  in 
the  order  of  my  Catalogue.  Mr.  Ewing  has  kindly  enabled 
me  to  appropriate  several  of  these  shields ;  and  spaces  shall 
be  left  for  the  insertion  of  the  tinctures  and  family-names  of 
the  rest  by  future  discoverers.  The  Roman  numeral  denotes 
the  order  of  the  shield ;  the  Arabic  numeral  (within  brackets) 
the  Miserere  to  which  it  belongs;  and,  when  it  is  carved 
upon  the  elbow  between  two  stalls,  their  respective  numbers 
shall  be  joined  together  by  a  line :  e.  g,  (9 — 10)  would  sig- 
nify its  position  between  the  ninth  and  tenth  Misereres. 

Before  I  conclude,  I  would  point  out  to  those  who  may 
wish  to  study  the  subject  more  generally,  the  best  sources  of 
information. 

When  "  the  Norfolk  Topographer^ s  ManuaV^  was  published 
in  1841,  Mr.  Dawson  Turner  possessed  numerous  drawings 
of  Misereres  found  in  various  parts  of  the  county,  and  in 
that  work  the  reader  will  find  them  verbally  described,  (pp. 
4,  14,  17,  dXidi  passim.)  Such,  however,  are  the  accumulative 
energies  of  our  esteemed  Vice-President,  that  no  account  of 
his  collection,  as  it  was  seven  years  ago^  could  adequately 
explain  its  present  value. 

In  Taylor's  *^ Antiquities  of  Lynn,*  published  in  1844, 
there  are  three  plates  of  the  Misereres  in  St.  Margaret's 
Church  and  St.  Nicholas'  Chapel,  (opposite  pages  87  and  72); 
and  among  these  will  be  found  some  extremely  beautiful 
specimens  of  foliage  and  scroll-work ;  especially  plate  i.  fig. 
1,  3,  and  5,  and  plate  ii.  fig.  7. 


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Plate  i.  fig.  7.  A  male  head^  crowned  and  supported  by 
escutcheons^  was  doubtless  intended  as  a  compliment  to  Ed* 
ward  the  Black  Prince ;  and  has  a  peculiar  interest,  from  the 
circumstance  of  his  having  been  at  one  time  a  prisoner  at 
Castle  Eising  in  the  neighbourhood.  On  the  dexter  shield 
are  three  ostrich  feathers  enscroUed,  the  sinister  shield  being 
frett^e,  with  six  ermine  spots  pile-wise. 

Plate  i.  fig.  8.  A  youthful  head,  mitred,  and  supported  by 
shields ;  viz.  that  of  the  See  of  Norwich  on  the  dexter  side, 
and  that  of  Bishop  Spencer  on  the  other ;  but  without  the 
bordure  of  mitres.  This  affords  another  valuable  clue  to  the 
date  of  the  wood-work. 

Plate  ii.  fig.  5,  is  remarkable  from  the  rare  circumstance 
of  its  having  a  shield  in  the  centre^  on  which  are  incised  the 
arms  of  Robert  de  Scales,  a  liberal  benefactor  of  the  church ; 
viz.,  six  escalop  shells  pile- wise. 

Those  in  St.  Nicholas'  Chapel,  represented  in  the  plate 
opposite  p.  72,  are  much  more  curious.  An  undoubted 
merchant's  mark  is  introduced  among  the  supporters  of  fig. 
S;  and  there  is  probably  another  in  connection  with  fig.  2. 
Fig.  5  represents  a  wood-carver  actually  at  work,  and  sur- 
rounded by  portions  of  a  screen ;  and  the  same  chapel  con- 
tains, I  believe,  other  illustrations  of  trade  which  are  not 
less  curious. 

In  Carter's  work  on  "  Ancient  Painting  and  SeulptureP 
about  thirty-six  Misereres  have  been  engraved,  from  Wor- 
cester and  Ely  Cathedrals,  the  Church  of  Great  Malvern,  and 
St.  Catherine's  Chapel,  near  the  Tower  of  London.  (See 
Vol.  I.  opposite  p.  52,  and  Vol.  II.  opposite  pages  5,  18,  and 
22.)  A  majority  of  these  may  be  pronounced  extremely 
valuable,  as  studies  of  manners  and  costume ;  but  I  can  only 
particularise  a  very  few  of  the  subjects  most  remarkable. 

A  Tournament.  One  of  the  knights  is  nearly  unhorsed, 
and  prostrates  a  drummer  in  his  fall. 

A  girl  devoted  by  her  Royal  parents  to  a  monastic  life. 


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244 

The  daughter  of  Herodias  tumbling  before  King  Herod  at 
his  birthday  feast,  and  the  decollation  of  St.  John  the  Baptist. 

The  Prophet  Moses,  with  horns  according  to  the  Vulgate, 
fcomutusj  and  Aaron,  and  the  Golden  Calf  on  a  pedestal 
between  them. 

The  forms  of  the  ancient  crowth  (or  fiddle),  the  dulcimer, 
drum,  and  other  musical  instruments,  may  be  seen  among 
these  engravings. 

Other  plates  in  the  same  work  enable  us  to  trace  the 
analogy  which  Mr.  Wright  has  pointed  out  between  Mise- 
reres, and  the  corbels,  bosses,  and  capitals,  of  the  same 
period;  both  as  to  the  similarity  of  the  devices  and  their 
mode  of  treatment. 

For  foreign  examples,  I  can  only  refer  the  reader  gene- 
rally to  the  second  volume  of  Millin's  splendid  work,  "  An- 
tiques Natianales  /  "  but  during  a  late  excursion  into  Bel- 
gium, my  friend,  Mr.  Harrod,  very  kindly  copied,  with  a 
view  to  my  information  as  regards  this  paper,  several  remark- 
able Misereres  which  he  observed  in  one  of  the  churches, 
and  which  he  will,  I  have  no  doubt,  be  happy  to  exhibit 
at  some  future  meeting  of  our  Society. 

The  "  ArchBologia  "  and  the  "  Oentleman*8  Magazine  " 
supply  a  multitude  of  examples,  and  a  great  deal  of  valu- 
able information  on  the  subject. 

My  grateful  acknowledgments  are  especially  due  to  Mr. 
Dawson  Turner  for  his  kindness  and  liberality  in  supplying 
three  copper-plates  for  the  illustration  of  this  paper.  The 
Misereres  thius  illustrated,  and  the  three  of  which  engravings 
have  been  provided  at  the  expense  of  our  Society,  (numbers 
1,  25,  S8,  39,  50,  and  57,)  are  distinguished  in:  the  Catalogue 
by  an  asterisk  (*)  prefixed  to  the  numeral. 
I  remain, 
Very  Rev.  and  dear  Sir, 

Faithfully  yours, 

EiCHARD  Hart. 


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SHIBLDS   AND   IMPALEMENTS   ON   THE   WOOD-WORK   OF 
THE   CHOIB. 

I.  (5 — 6.)  Arg.  a  lion  ramp.  sab.  crowned  or.     Morley. 

II.  (6.)   Arg.   on  a  fess   az.   three   eagles   displayed  or. 
Clerb. 

III.  (6.)    Erm.  on  a  chief  sab.  three  crosses  pat^e   or. 

WlTCHINGHAM. 

IV.  (10.)  Quarterly  arg.  and  sab.  (a  label  for  diflference.) 
Hoo. 

V.  (10.)  Gul.  two  lions  passant  arg.     Le  Strange. 

VI.  (10.)  Az.  a  fess  between  six  cross-crosslets  or.     St. 
Omer. 

VII.  (10 — 11.)  Vert,  an  escutcheon  and  orle  of  martlets 
arg.     Erfingham. 

VIII.  (11 — 12.)  Arg.  a  saltire  ingrailed  gul.     Tiftoft. 

IX.  (12.)  The  same  as  No.  III.     Witchingham. 

X.  (12.)  The  same  as  No.  11.     Clere. 

XI.  (12 — 18.)  Per  pale  gul.  and  az.  a  cross  ingrailed  erm. 
(a  crescent  in  the  first  quarter  for  dif.)     Berney. 

XII.  (13 — 14.)  Gul.  a  chev.  between  three  fleur  de  lys 
or.     Haville,  or  Haywell. 

XIII.  (14 — 15.)  Az.  a  fess  between  three  leopards'  faces 
or.     De  la  Pole. 

XIV.  (37.)  a  cross  ingrailed  quarterly,  a  bendlet 
sinister  in  the  second  and  third  quarters. 

XV.  (37.)  sem^e  of  estoils  two  lions  passant. 

XVI.  (38.)  Quarterly  and 

XVII.  (38.)  two  lions  passant 

XVIII.  (38.)  Quarterly  arg.  and  gul.  a  cross  ingrailed 
counterchanged,  a  bendlet  dexter  in  first  and  fourth  quarters. 
Heydon.  (?) 

XIX.  (38.)  two  lions  passant 

XX.  (38.)  Erm.  three  cheyronells 

VOL.   II.  s 


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XXI.  (40.)  Arg.  on  a  bend  gul.  between  two  cottisses  sab. 
three  hawk-lures^  or  wings  conjoined  of  the  first  Wing- 
field. 

XXII.  (40.)  Quarterly  or  and  sab.     Bovillb,  or  Bo  vile. 


CATALOGUE  OF   TUB   MISERERES   IN   NORWICH   CATHEDRAL. 

%  In  the  Chapel  of  our  Lady  of  Pityy  under 
the  Organ, 

*1.  (South  side.)  A  wild  hairy  man  with  a  club  in  his 
hand,  (a  Wodehouse.)  Supported  by  eagles. 

2.  (North  side.)  The  half-length  figure  of  a  canon  regular, 
issuing  out  of  a  shell  (?).  He  wears  a  mozzetta,  the  cowl  of 
which  is  drawn  oyer  his  head,  and,  underneath,  a  eoutan 
buttoned  down  the  front.  A  sword  in  his  right  hand  he 
holds,  and  a  book  in  his  left.     Supported  by  dragons. 

fj;^  Qtuere,  does  not  this  represent  St.  Dominic  ? 

i[  In  the  Choir,  commencing  at  the  South-west, 

3.  The  Dean's  staU  has  no  Miserere. 

4.  A  lion  and  a  dragon  biting  each  other;  the  grouping 
being  extremely  spirited.     Supported  by  foliage. 

5.  A  rose-tree,  beautifully  carved  and  under-cut;  the 
branches  being  intertwined,  but  the  flowers  somewhat  formal. 
Supported  on  each  side  by  a  large  rose. 

0:3^  On  a  shield  at  the  comer  are  carved  the  Morley 
arms ;  viz.,  a  lion  rampant,  crowned. 

6.  Two  human  figures,  male  and  female,  standing  on  a 
dog.     Supported  by  shields ;  viz.. 

Dexter :  On  a  fess,  three  eagles  displayed. 
Sinister :  Erm.  on  a  chief,  three  crosses  pat^e. 


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247  •'••...• 

7.  A  griffin.    Supported  bj  lions'  heads  with  their  tongUSfs/ 
.  .'.  I  •  • 

out.  •   ••• 

""•  •* 

8.  A  monk^  having  the  cowl  (or  an  amess)  drawn  oWv.  \ 

his  head,  seated  and  reading  a  book  held  in  his  lap.     Sup^** 
ported  by,  ,  /•  •  • 

Dexter :  A  shepherd  tending  his  flock. 
Sinister:    A  group  of  small  human  figures,  not*- 
easily  described.     Some  have  books  before  them ;  and 
one,  in  the  background,  is  opening  a  covered  basket. 

9.  Two  Wodehouses  (or  wild  hairy  men),  one  of  whom  is 
armed  with  a  club.     Supported  by  foliage. 

10.  A  man  on  horseback.     Supported  by  shields ;  viz.. 

Dexter :  Quarterly,  with  a  label  of  two  points  in 
chief,  impaling  two  lions  passant. 

Sinister  :  A  fess  between  six  cross-crosslets. 

©:5»  On  the  elbow  between  the  stalls,  a  small  plain 
shield  within  a  bordure  of  martlets. 

11.  Two  bears.     Supported  by  squirrels. 

{^  On  a  shield  at  the  elbow,  a  saltire  ingrailed. 

12.  Two  monks,  (both  now  headless,)  each  being  provided 
with  a  rosary.     Supported  by  shields  ;  viz.. 

Dexter  :  Erm.  on  a  chief,  three  crosses  pat^e. 
Sinister  :  On  a  fess,  three  eagles  displayed. 
ft^  On  a  shield  at  the  elbow,  a  cross  ingrailed  erm. 
A  crescent  in  the  first  quarter. 

13.  A  man,  armed  with  a  club,  attacked  by  lions.     Sup- 
ported by. 

Dexter  :  A  man  with  a  dog. 
Sinister :  Two  lambs. 

^j;^  A  shield  at  the  elbow ;  viz.,  a  chev.  between 
three  fleur  de  lys. 

14.  A  large  crowned  head,  beautifully  carved.     Supported 
by  foliage. 

03^  On  a  shield  at  the  elbow,  a  fess  between  three 
leopards'  faces. 

s2 


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•  ..;• 

11^*15.  An  eagle^  with  a  small  bird  in  his  right  claw,  pecking 
y^lamb.    Supported  on  each  side  by  a  human  head,  wreathed. 
:'.'"••  16.  A  wyyem.     Supported  by  small  wyvems. 
•••\17.  A  king  (half-length)  with  a  scroll.      Supported  by 
'  ••Cjrowned  angels. 

•'•.^  18.  Two  male  figures,  one  of  whom  holds  the  other  by 
•*lhe  collar;  but  whether  the  design  represents  the  appre- 
hension of  an  evil-doer,  a  struggle,  or  an  embrace,  I  am  not 
prepared  to  say.  It  is  extremely  well  executed ;  and  there 
are  other  figures  in  the  background,  one  of  which  illustrates 
the  costume  of  the  period.  Supported, 
Dexter :  By  a  pig. 

Sinister:  By  a  swan,  double-headed^  and  crowned 
at  the  neck. 
19.  A  lion  attacked  by  two  knights.  Supported  by  wyvems. 
30. 1  The  Misereres  belonging  to  these  stalls  have  been 
21.)      removed. 

S2.  A  male  figure,  apparently  an  ecclesiastic,  with  a  cowl, 
or  a  biretum,  on  his  head,  seated,  and  tearing  asunder  the 
hinder  legs  of  a  dog;  other  dogs  being  around  him.  Sup- 
ported on  each  side  by  a  chained  monkey. 


%  In  the  Corporation  PeWy  SotUh  of  the  Choir,  beginning 
at  the  West 

28.  The  emblem  of  St.  Matthew  the  Evangelist;  viz.,  an 
angel  bearing  a  scroll.     Supported  by  foliage. 

24.  The  head  of  a  bishop  in  a  low  gemmed  mitre,  the 
cusps  of  which  are  to  the  right  and  left  above  the  face. 
Supported  by  birds. 

*25.  A  large  human  head,  the  hair  and  beard  being  cu- 
riously floriated  at  the  ends.     Supported  by  foliage. 

26.  A  large  owl  surrounded  by  a  group  of  smaller  birds 
(being  possibly  an  allusion  to  some  fable  in  which  the  birds 


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elected  the  owl  for  their  king).     Supported  on  each  side  by 
two  birds  pecking  each  other. 

27.  A  knight  fighting  a  dragon  (St.  George  ?).  Supported 
by  lions'  heads. 

28.  The  emblem  of  St.  Mark  the  Eyangelist;  viz.,  a 
winged  lion  with  a  scroll.     Supported  by  roses. 

29.  The  emblem  of  St.  Luke  the  Evangelist;  viz.,  a 
winged  ox  with  a  scroll.     Supported  by  human  heads. 

SO.  A  schoolmaster^ — evidently  an  ecclesiastic,  for  he 
wears  a  callotte  (or  scull-cap),  and  also  a  mozzetta.  He  is 
in  the  act  of  scourging  a  child,  and  is  surrounded  by  other 
children  learning  their  lessons.  Supported  on  each  side  by 
a  child,  seated,  and  having  a  book  or  scroll  in  his  lap. 

31.  An  ox,  boldly  carved.     Supported  by  foliage. 

82.  The  Prodigal  Son  feeding  swine.  (?)  Supported  by 
foliage. 

S3.  A  man,  armed  with  a  club,  attacking  a  lion.  Supported 
by  small  lions. 

34.  A  lion.     Supported  by  foliage. 

%  North  side  of  tfie  Choir,  beginning  at  the  West 

35. )  The  Misereres  belonging  to  the  Prebendal  stall,  and 

36.  J      that  immediately  adjacent,  have  been  removed. 

37.  The  blessed  Virgin  and  Child.  An  angel  is  holding 
a  crown  over  her  head.     Supported  by  shields ;  viz.. 

Dexter :  A  cross,  ingrailed  quarterly,  with  a  bendlet 
sinister,  carried  through  the  second  and  third  quarters. 
Sinister :  Sem^e  of  estoils,  two  lions  passant. 
(U3^  At  the  corner  is  a  crowned  male  head,  boldly 
carved. 
*38.  A  knight  in  armour,  bearing  a  shield  of  a  remark- 
able shape,   on  which  is  incised,  ermine,  two   chevronels; 
the  helmet  being  suspended  over  his  head.     Supported  by 
shields;  viz.. 


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Dexter  :  Quarterly.     Impaling  two  lions  passant. 
Sinister :  A  cross^  ingrailed  quarterly^  (as  in  num- 
ber 37,  but  with  the  bendlet  dexter-wise  in  first  and 
fourth  quarters.)     Impaling  two  lions  passant. 
N.B.  I  apprehend  that  the  shield  last-mentioned  includes 
both  those  which  support  number  37 ;  and,  if  so,  these  ar- 
tists must  have  been  very  careless  in  their  heraldry,  (omitting 
the  estoils  in  one  case,  and  in  the  other  changing  the  bendlet 
from  sinister  to  dexter) :  if  not,  the  coincidence  is  very  re- 
markable. 

*39.  A  huntsman,  sounding  a  bugle  horn,  with  a  stag  on 
each  side  of  him,  and  with  dogs  at  his  feet.  Supported  by 
greyhounds. 

40.  Monsters  devouring  a  man.     Supported  by  foliage. 

41.  A  knight  and  a  lady,  each  standing  on  a  grotesque 
head.     Supported  by  shields ;  viz.. 

Dexter :  On  a  bend,  three  pairs  of  wings  conjoined. 
Sinister:  Quarterly. 

42.  An  angel  bearing  a  crown.     Supported  by  angels. 
N.B.  These    three    figures   (now   headless)  are    very  ill 

carved. 

43.  A  mermaid,  with  a  lion  (or  some  monster)  who  is 
biting  her  right  breast.  Supported  on  each  side  by  a  dolphin, 
having  a  small  fish  in  his  mouth,  the  tail  of  which  protrudes.* 

44.  An  eagle.  Supported  by  bearded  male  heads,  one  of 
which  is  crowned. 

45.  St.  Michael  the  Archangel,  armed  with  a  sword  and 
shield,  trampling  on  the  dragon.     Supported  by  foliage. 

46.  A  pelican  vulning  herself.  Supported  by  small 
pelicans. 

47.  Sampson  (?)  in  armour,  slaying  the  lion; — a  composition 

*  The  Heraldic  Dolphin,  thus  represented  swallowing  a  fish,  is  the  armo- 
rial bearing  of  the  Symonds  family,  to  which  these  supporters  may  refer : 
or  they  may  possibly  be  intended  to  display  some  emblems  of  Christianity, 
as  they  occur  in  the  very  interesting  bier-doth  in  St.  Gregory's  Church.    . 


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of  extraordinary  vigour^  from  the  muscular  force  with  which 
he  is  wrenching  open  the  lion's  mouth.  Supported  dexter  by 
some  bird,  sinister  by  an  owl. 

48.  A  monkey  on  a  camel's  back.  Supported  by  small 
monkeys. 

49.  A  dragon,  very  badly  executed.    The  supporters  lost. 

*50.  A  man  riding  on  a  boar ;  his  high-crowned,  bell- 
shaped  hat,  and  the  epaulets,  or  pinking,  on  his  shoulders 
being  the  best  illustrations  of  costume  in  the  whole  series. 
Supported  by  foliage. 

51.  A  large  owl.     Supported  by  birds. 

52.  A  man  riding  on  a  boar,  and  drinking.  A  curious 
subject,  of  average  merit.  Supported  on  each  side  by  a 
mermaid  having  a  club  in  her  hand. 

58.  A  wyvern.     Supported  by  foliage. 


1[  Corporation  Pew  on  the  North  side  of  the  Choir, 
beginning  at  the  West. 

54.  A  man  with  a  club  in  his  hand,  hunting  wild  animals, 
represented  in  the  carving.     Supported  by  foliage. 

55.  An  antelope.     Supported  by  foliage. 

56.  A  wyvern.     Supported  by  human  heads. 

*57.  A  man  in  a  high-crowned,  broad-brimmed  hat,  turned 
up  in  front,  and  wearing  a  curiously  reticulated  coat.  He 
is  riding  on  a  stag.  Supported  on  each  side  by  a  man  with 
a  dagger. 

58.  A  non-descript  monster,  very  badly  carved.  The 
supporters  have  been  lost. 

59.  A  lion.     Supported  by  roses. 

60.  A  large  male  head,  with  foliage  instead  of  hair,  but 
very  inferior  in  point  of  execution  to  Number  25.  Sup- 
ported by  flowers. 

61.  A  wyvern.     Supported  by  foliage. 


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62.  A  castle^  domed,  embattled,  and  consistmg  of  two 
stories,  with  a  portcullis  over  the  gateway  (a  fine  piece  of 
carving).     Supported  by  foliage. 

63.  Monkeys,  apparently  fighting.  One  of  them  holds 
a  rod :  another  is  in  a  wheelbarrow ;  the  whole  group  being 
extremely  curious.  Supported  by  wyverns  with  human 
heads. 

64.  A  head  with  two  faces  under  one  cap,  like  that  of 
Janus.     Supported  by  two  frightfully  ugly  human  heads. 

65.  Two  dogs  fighting  with  each  other.  Supported  by 
flowers. 

66.  A  female  head,  crowned ;  the  hair  being  arranged  on 
each  side  of  the  face  in  a  caul  (to  which  I  would  direct 
the  reader's  attention  as  a  valuable  indication  of  the  date 
at  which  it  was  executed).  Supported  by  flowers.  A  re- 
markably fine  specimen. 


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€xtrart0  frnm  \^  €mmm*  MI0, 

AND  OTHER  DOCUMENTS, 
IN  THB 

BECORD-EOOM  OF  THE  CORPORATION  OF  NORWICH. 

OOKXTTlflOATSD  BT 

HENRY    HARROD,    ESQ., 

HON.  fBCBBTABT. 


From  among  the  many  curious  documents  to  wluch  the 
liberality  of  the  Corporation  1  of  Norwich  has  enabled  me 
to  have  access^  for  the  purposes  of  the  Society^  I  select^  on 
this  occasion^  three  early  RoUs,  illustrative  of  the  state  of 
the  City  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  III.  and  Edward  I. 

Two  of  these  are  the  returns  of  the  City  Coroners,  of 
Inquisitions  made  by  them,  and  of  "Placita  Coronae,"  ex- 
tending from  the  48th  Henry  III.  to  the  18th  Edward  I. 
"  They  are  accounts  of  the  robberies  and  street-frays  which 
occurred  here  in  the  period  named.  Their  perusal  intro- 
duces us  at  once,  as  it  were,  into  the  presence  of  the  citi- 
zens who  were  living  more  than  five  hundred  years  ago; 
and  they  further  show  the  state  of  the  police,  the  direction 
of  the  streets,  and  the  nature  of  the  functions  of  the  local 
officers  at  that  period."  * 

The  first  statute  **  touching  the  Office  of  Coroners,"  is  in 
the  4th  Edward  I. ;  and,  although  of  later  date  than  many 

*  Coroners'  Rolls  of  Leicester,  Winchester  Tolume,  Archsologicftl  Asso- 
ciation, p.  71. 


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of  the  entries  in  these  RoUs^  appears  to  be  merely  a  de- 
claratory act^  passed  because  Coroners  were  exceeding  their 
authority;  enunciating  what  were  the  proper  duties  of  the 
Coroner^  but  placing  no  new  duties  upon  him.  It  opens 
with  stating^ 

'*  A  Coroner  ought  to  enquire  these  things^  if  he  be  cer- 
tified by  the  King's  Bailiffs,  or  other  honest  men  of  the 
countrei.  First,  he  shal  go  to  the  places  where  any  be 
slaine,  or  sodenly  dead,  or  wounded,  or  where  treasour  is 
said  to  be  founde ;  and  shal  forthwith  comaunde  four  of  the 
next  townes,  or  five,  or  six,  to  appear  before  him  in  such  a 
place ;  and,  when  they  are  comen  thither,  the  Coroner,  upon 
the  oath  of  them,  shall  enquire  in  this  manner.  That  is  to 
witte,  if  thei  knowe  where  the  person  was  fyrst  slayne, 
whether  it  were  in  any  house,  feld,  bed,  &c.  &c.  .  .  .  Upon 
appeals  of  woundes,  specially  if  the  woudes  be  mortal, 
the  parties  appealed  shalbe  taken  imediately  and  kept  until 
it  be  knowen  perfitely  whether  he  that  is  hurte  shal  re- 
cover or  not.  And,  if  he  die,  the  defendant  shalbe  kept. 
And,  if  he  recover  helthe,  thei  shalbe  attached  by  four  or 
six  pledges  after,  as  the  wounde  is  greate  or  smal.  If  it 
be  for  a  maime,  he  shal  find  no  less  the  four  pledges :  if  it 

be  a  smal  woud  or  a  maime,  two  pledges  shal  suffice 

Also  al  wounds  ought  to  be  viewed  the  length,  bredth,  and 
depenes,  and  with  what  wepones,  and  in  what  part  of  the 
body  the  wound  or  hurt  is,  and  how  many  be  culpable, 
and  how  many  wounds  there  be,  and  who  gave  the  wouinds : 
al  which  things  must  be  enrolled  in  the  Boll  of  the  Coroners.*^ 

The  other  document  I  propose  to  notice,  consists  of  four 
pieces  of  parchment  of  various  sizes,  stitched  together  at  the 
top;  the  first  piece  headed,  "  Hec  sunt  secreta,  Norwic." 
Various  articles  of  inquiry  follow,  or  rather,  the  first  few 
words  of  them : — ^^  De  hiis  qui  fecnt  distcoes  in  civitatib^ 
burg,  &c."  "  De  Vic.  et  aliis  minis ts  R^,  &c."  "Do  Clicis 
Justic  Eschaetor  et  Inquisitor,  &c.     Et  de  iilis,  &c.," — much 


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in  the  same  maimer  as  in  the  "  Hundred  Rolls."  And  an- 
swers to  every  article  are  given,  I  presume,  by  a  jury :  to 
many^  "  Nichil  sciunt"  is  the  only  reply. 

It  bears  no  date ;  but,  from  internal  evidence,  it  must  have 
been  made  between  the  6th  and  the  14th  of  Edw.  I.,  as  Henry 
Sampson  is  named  as  the  then  Dean  of  Norwich,  to  which 
office  he  succeeded  in  1278;  and  the  Roll  names  several 
returned  fugitives  who  had  fled  in  consequence  of  having 
been  concerned  in  the  attack  on  the  Cathedral,  who  are 
stated  in  a  return  made  in  the  14th  year  of  the  same  king 
to  be  then  dead. 

One  subject  which  cannot  fail  to  arrest  attention  in  going 
over  these  Rolls,  is  the  extraordinary  confrision  and  uncer- 
tainty in  the  designations  of  persons.  In  a  very  few  instan- 
ces I  have  found  them  described  by  their  Christian  name, 
surname,  and  trade:  Henry  Scot,  le  Cordwaner;  William 
Hacun,  Pellipar;*  Wm.  Neville,  Allictar;  Robert  Faber, 
Locsmit;  Richard  Child  le  Wymplere;  Simon  le  Mun, 
Tailleur;  Geofl5y  de  Kaxleton,  Faber,  &c. ;  but  even  with 
these  there  is  some  uncertainty.  I  find,  for  instance,  *'  Roger 
le  Leyner,  Clerk,"  figuring  immediately  after  as  "Roger 
Clerk  le  Leyner."  Some  are  described  by  their  own  and 
their  father's  or  mother's  Christian  name — Richard,  the  son 
of  Godesman ;  Thomas,  the  son  of  Ralph ;  Robert,  the  son 
of  Anabilia;  John,  the  son  of  Magote,  &c.  A  large  number 
are  named  from  some  town  or  village — William  de  London; 
Thomas  de  Catton,  &c.  Others  axe  distinguished  by  sur- 
names, among  which  the  Saxon  Thurkild  and  Edric  may  be 
detected ;  but  by  far  the  greater  number  are  indicated  by  the 
trades  or  occupations  they  followed,  or  by  some  personal  de- 
scription or  nick-name.  Of  the  former  class,  Peter  le  Porter, 
Thomas  le  Corveyser,  Robert  le  Cupper,  Agnes  la  Bred- 
mongere,  Ralph  le  Chalimer,  John  le  Somenour,  Emma  la 
Peyntresse,  Thomas  le  Prechur,  Philip  le  Chanter,  Reginald 
*  Qui  pelles  parant.— Duoange. 


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Sutor,  Moyses  Tanator,  Gervase  Tinctor,  Henry  Tixtor,  Ray 
Lister,  Peter  Pictor,  may  serve  as  specimens.  To  the  latter, 
Wm.  Goscip,  Simon  le  Longe,  Stephen  le  Blnnd,  Richard 
le  PoTire,  William  Sot,  Black  Beatrice,  Simon  Blaber,  John 
Cripel,  &c.,  appear  to  belong. 

Sir  Francis  Palgrave,  in  his  observations  on  this  subject, 
in  the  Introduction  to  the  first  volume  of  the  Parliamentary 
Writs,  has  so  ably  stated  the  difficulties  involved  in  the 
investigation  of  the  nomenclature  of  this  period,  that  I  shall 
do  myself  the  pleasure  to  extract  them. 

**  Although  the  use  of  surnames  was  established  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  I.,  still  the  variations  which  they  exhibit 
are  sufficiendy  numerous  to  occasion  considerable  ambiguity. 
In  some  families,  such  as  the  family  of  Fitzwalter  of  Daventry, 
it  is  hardly  possible  to  decide  whether  the  individuals  who 
belong  to  it,  were  distinguished  by  their  patronymic  or  by 
their  local  designation.  Either  surname  was  equally  good 
in  law.  Thus,  at  a  later  period,  a  defendant  pleaded  in 
abatement  to  a  Formedon,  *  La  chaxtre  prove  le  remainder 
d  Adam  le  fitz  Richard,  et  le  brief  voet  que  les  tenementz 
remainent  k  Adam  de  Urmeston,  issint  ne  prove  my  la  chaxtre 
le  remainder  estre  comprise  en  le  brief.  Juggement  du 
brief.*  But  the  plea  was  overruled  by  the  coiirt  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner :  '  Coment  qu'il  soit  mesme  la  person  k  qui 
le  remainder  fuist  taille,  assez  est  le  brief  bon.  Per  quei, 
respondes.'  {Pasch.  8  Ed.  III.,  19  b.)  Surnames,  originally 
derived  from  places,  and  ascribed  to  the  family  of  the  par- 
ties, were  occasionally  dropped  for  others  derived  from  resi- 
dence; or,  in  other  words,  the  surname  was  merged  in  the 
local  description.  With  respect  to  the  '  by-names '  of  persons 
belonging  to  the  inferior  classes,  they  axe  subjected  to  very 
perplexing  changes.  The  clerks  by  whom  the  records  were 
written,  either  translated  them  into  Latin  or  French,  or  re- 
tained them  in  the  vernacular  dialect,  at  their  pleasure,  and 
without  being  guided  by  any  fixed  rule.     Thus,  the  ^Thomas 


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de  la  Gruttere*  of  one  year^  appears  as  'Thomas  atte  Shete*  in 
the  next  return.  Personal  descriptions,  for  they  can  scarcely 
be  called  surnames,  derived  firom  trades,  ofBces,  or  occupa- 
tions, were  shifted  or  exchanged  for  local  descriptions,  with 
an  equal  disregard  of  any  regular  system. 

**  To  these  sources  of  confusion  must  be  added  the  obscu- 
rities arising  from  the  fluctuating  and  unsettled  orthography ; 
and,  in  very  many  instances,  from  the  difficulty  of  discovering 
the  true  reading  of  the  record.  Some  letters,  such  as  t  and 
c,  n  and  w,  are  written  precisely  in  the  same  manner :  f  and 
8,  hy  I  and  i,  A  and  Z>,  E  and  jB,  &c.,  are  nearly  alike ; 
and  the  casual  obliteration  of  a  hair-stroke  will  destroy  the 
distinguishing  feature.  The  dot  of  the  i  is  generally  omit- 
ted \  and  in  the  combination  of  the  letters  formed  by  parallel 
strokes,  such  as  m,  n,  Uy  i ,  the  eye  is  uinable  to  develop  the 
elements  of  which  the  group  is  composed. 

"  In  familiar  and  weU-known  names,  the  true  reading  is 
obtained  by  the  previous  knowledge  of  the  word ;  but  by 
fsx  the  most  numerous  names  belong  to  families  long  since 
extinct,  or  to  persons  of  obscure  and  unknown  lineage.  Thus 
a  name  which  may  be  either  Hanvil  or  Hauvil,  has  also  been 
read  as  Haunily  Hannily  and  Hamul ;  Gouiz  as  Goniz ; 
Haudlo  as  Handh ;  and  it  is  probable  that  the  name  of  the 
baronial  family  of  Novant  ought  to  be  read  Nonant ;  though 
the  first  orthography  has  been  adopted  (by  Sir  Francis),  on 
the  authority  of  Dugdale  and  his  successors.  Occasionally, 
the  employment  of  a  letter  of  equivalent  sound  affords  a  satis- 
factory solution.  Thus  the  name  Gamz  being  sometimes, 
though  rarely,  spelled  Gowtz,  the  true  sound  is  ascertained.'' 
To  return  to  the  RoU  before  me,  I  find, 

"  Katherina,  the  wife  of  Stephen  Justice,  accused 
Ralph,  son  of  Robert  Andrew  the  Gaoler,  William  Virly, 
Gaunter,  WilKam  Crede,  Walter  de  Dereham,  John,  ser- 
vant of  Nicholas  de  Ingham,  Nicholas,  sometime  servant 
of  Nicholas  de  Lopham,  and  Nicholas  le  Gayver,  that. 


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when  she  was  at  peace  with  God  and  the  King,  in  the 
house  of  Stephen  Justice  her  husband,  on  the  Thursday 
night  after  the  Feast  of  King  Edmund,  in  the  48th  year 
of  the  reign  of  King  Henry,  the  son  of  King  John  (1263), 
they  came  in  the  town  of  Norwich,  in  Fybriggate,  in  S* 
Clement's,  and  broke  the  oaken  gates,  and  the  hooks  and 
hinges  of  iron,  with  hatchets,  bars,  wedges,  swords,  knives, 
and  maces,  and  flung  them  down  into  the  court,  and  felo- 
niously entered :  that  they  then  broke  the  pine-wood  doors 
of  the  hall,  and  the  hinges  and  iron-work  of  them,  and 
the  chains,  bolts,  and  oaken  boards  of  the  windows.  Af- 
terwards, they  entered  the  door  of  the  hall  chamber, 
towards  the  South,  and  robbed  that  chamber  of  two 
swords,  value  3'.  6^. ;  one  ivory-handled  anlace,  value  12*^. ; 
one  iron  head-piece,  value  10*.;  an  iron  staflF,  value  4^.; 
one  cow-leather  quirre  (cuiraas),  with  iron  plates,  value 
half  a  mark ;  and  one  Wambeis :  *  and  coming  thence  into 
the  hall,  they  burnt  the  body  of  her  husband,  as  it  there 
lay  upon  a  bier,  together  with  a  blanket  of  ^  reyns,*  value 
3'.;  and  took  away  with  them  a  linen  cloth,  value  18*. 
The  said  Katherine  immediately  raised  hue  and  cry,  from 
street  to  street,  from  parish  to  parish,  and  from  house  to 
house,  imtil  she  came  into  the  presence  of  the  Bailifis  and 
Coroners. 

"  They  also  stole  a  linen  cloth  of  the  value  of  5".,  and 
one  hood  of  pers  (Persian?)  with  squirrels'  ftir,  value 
10*."  t 

*  A  body  gannent,  stuffed  with  wool,  cotton,  or  tow." — (Halliwell's 
DieU(mary,)  The  garment  called  a  Wambeia,  is  named  in  an  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment, 27th  Henry  11.,  (1181),  which  enacts  that  all  burgesses  and  freemen 
shall  keep  a  wambeis,  a  chaplet  of  iron,  and  a  lance.  Stephen  Justice  was, 
no  doubt,  a  burgess  of  Norwich. 

t  Some  time  subsequent  to  the  meeting  at  which  I  read  the  above  extract, 
a  friend  brought  me  a  translation,  by  Kirkpatrick,  of  this  entry,  with  the  fol- 
lowing memorandum  at  foot:  "This  House  was  on  the  west  side  of  the  street, 
now  called  Magdalen  Street,  near  the  place  where  Capt.  Black  dwells." 


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The  above  xjurious  description  of  a  citizen's  house  in  1263^ 
is  worthy  careftd  examination ;  the  materials  for  a  history  of 
the  domestic  buildings^  especially  in  towns,  during  the  thir- 
teenth century,  being  so  small.  A  learned  writer  had  re- 
course, in  an  article  on  the  subject  in  the  ArchcBological 
Journal  for  1844,  (p.  212),  to  the  Fabliaux,  or  popular 
metrical  tales  of  the  thirteenth  century,  written  in  French 
and  Anglo-Norman.  I  subjoin  his  description  of  a  house, 
gathered  from  those  sources,  for  the  purpose  of  comparison. 
He  says : 

"  At  this  period  the  houses  of  the  people  had,  in  general, 
no  more  than  a  ground  floor,  o£  which  the  principal  apart- 
ment was  the  aire,  aitre,  or  hall  (atrium),  into  which  the 
principal  door  opened,  and  which  was  the  room  for  cooking, 
eating,  receiving  visitors,  and  the  other  ordinary  uses  of  do- 
mestic life.  Adjacent  to  this  was  the  chamber  (chambre), 
which  was  by  day  the  private  apartment  and  resort  of  the 
female  portion  of  the  household,  and  by  night  the  bed-room. 

Strangers  and  visitors  generally  slept  in  the  hall; 

beds  being  apparently  made  for  them  on  the  floor 

A  stable  was  also  frequently  adjacent  to  the  hall,  probably 
on  the  side  opposite  to  the  chamber  or  bed-room." 

"  M**.  That  Henry  Turnecurt  &  Stephen  de  Walsham, 
were  kiUed  in  Norwich,  in  the  parish  of  S*  George,  before 
the  Gates  of  The  Holy  Trinity,  S*  Philip  aud  James's  day, 
in  the  year  aforesaid.  The  Coroners  and  Bailiffs  went  and 
made  inquisition.  Inquisition  then  made  was  set  forth  in 
a  certain  schedule.  Afterwards  came  Master  Marc  de 
Bunhale,  clerk,  and  Ealph  Knict,  with  many  others,  threat- 
ening the  Coroners  to  cut  them  to  pieces,  unless  the  Sche- 
dule was  given  up;  and  then  they  took  Roger  the  Coroner, 
and  by  force  led  him  to  his  own  house,  with  swords  and 
axes,  until  the  said  Roger  took  the  Schedule  from  his 
chest;  and  they  then  took  him  with  the  Schedule  to  S^ 


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Peter  of  Mannecroft  church,  and  there  the  aforesaid  Ralph 
tore  away  the  Schedule  from  the  hands  of  Eoger,  and  bore 
it  away,  and  before  his  companions,  in  the  manner  of 
fools,  cut  it  into  small  pieces;  and  with  much  ado,  Roger 
the  Coroner  escaped  from  their  hands  in  great  fear  and 
tremor.  The  Coroners  say,  they  cannot  make  inquisition 
by  reason  of  the  imminence  of  the  war." 

The  disturbances  thus  referred  to,  were  the  consequence  of 
the  deplorable  dissensions  between  the  King  and  the  Barons, 
which  plunged  the  country  in  civil  war,  and  deluged  it  with 
blood.  Here,  as  elsewhere,  there  were  various  factions, 
some  siding  with  the  King,  others  with  the  Barons. 

'*  Parishes  of  S*  Peter  de  Parmenterigate,*  S*  Vedast, 
S*  Martin  de  Ballia,  S*  Michael  de  Cunesford,  sworn,  say 
upon  their  oaths.  That  William  le  Alblaster  of  the  Castle 
threatened  John  le  Lindrap  to  burn  him,  and  John  de 
Bendlesham,  and  Thomas  le  Despenser  of  the  Castle  also, 
before  these,  viz.,  Henry  Punel,  Simon  le  Longe,  and  Wil- 
liam Bouehay;  and  that  William  le  Alblaster  set  fire  to 
the  gate,  between  the  said  John  le  Lindrap  and  John  de 
Belaya,  whence  the  house  of  the  said  John  de  Belaya  was 
burnt,  in  the  night  of  Tuesday  after  Pentecost,  in  the  48th 

*  The  pariah,  now  called  St.  Peter  per  Mountergate,  Norwich.  The  fre- 
quent recurrence  of  the  name  in  these  Rolls  invariably  as  it  appears  aboye, 
induced  me  to  inyestigate  the  matter.  It  may  be  remembered,  that  Blome- 
field  states  the  singular  name  by  which  it- has  for  some  centuries  been 
known,  was  derived  from  a  gate  near  the  churchyard,  at  the  foot  of  a  mount 
or  hill.  It  is  true,  there  is  a  hill,  but  no  gate ;  nor  can  I  discover  that  there 
ever  was  one.  Narrow  lanes  leading  frx)m  King  street  up  the  hill  on  the 
west  side,  are  called  Skeyffote,  Bollgate  or  Hollwent.  1  feel  no  doubt,  there- 
fore, in  the  conclusion,  that  <*  Per  Mountergate  "  is  a  corruption  of  Parmenter- 
gate,  the  Parmenier»\  or  Clothiers'  way. — *' Parmmtarius,  ex  paramentarius, 
qui  Testes  parat,  id  est  omat,  nostris  olim  paramentiert  qid  hodie  taiUeur 
tThabitt.  In  Regesto  Ambianensis  urbis,  anno  1265,  parmender  4r  taitteur 
de  drapn" — Dvoanob. 


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261 

year  of  King  Henry.  And  that  the  said  William  went 
from  the  liouse  of  Robert  Faber,  locsmit^  and  returned  to 
it  after  the  above  felony.  They  say  also,  that  the  aforesaid 
stole  the  keys  (baterett?)  of  the  bells  of  the  church  of  S* 
Peter  de  Farmenterigate,  and  cut  the  ropes  of  the  bells 
of  the  churches  of  S*  Vedast  and  S^  Cuthbert,  lest  any 
should  come  to  extinguish  the  fire.  And  they  say,  that 
William  le  Neve,  who  had  frequent  access  to  the  house 
of  Richard  Childe  le  Wymplere,*  in  the  parish  of  S* 
Julian's,  was  at  the  same  deed.  Frecept  issued  to  ap- 
prehend the  malefactors." 

I  have  seen  an  inventory,  made  about  a  hundred  years 
after  this  date  (1368),  of  the  goods  of  nearly  all  the  parish- 
churches  in  Norwich.  The  entries  are  made  in  the  order 
given  in  the  constitutions  of  Archbishop  Winchelsea,  as 
quoted  in  Lindwood,  with  very  slight  variation;  and  in  a 
letter  of  the  then  Archbishop  Simon,  appended  to  the  book, 
bells  are  expressly  required  to  be  included  in  the  returns; 
but,  strange  to  say,  only  ten  of  the  city  churches  are  re- 
corded as  possessing  anything  but  hand-bells  (used  for  ring- 
ing before  the  sacrament  when  carried  to  the  sick):  these 
are, 

St,  Peter  Mancrofty  which  had  two  great,  two  smaller 

bells,  and  a  little  bell. 
St  Saviour  (with  All  Saints  and  St.  Mary  annexed)  had 

three. 
St,  Oeorge  Colegate,  St.  Michael  at  Pleay  and  St,  Oiles, 

had  two  each. 
St  Augustine^  St.  Mary  Coslany,  St,  Edmund,  St.  George 
at  the  Gates,  St.  Michael  Coslany,  had  but  one  each. 
The  three  churches  mentioned  in  the  above  extract,  do  not 
appear  to  have  had  any  bells  at  the  time  this  inventory  was 
made. 

•  "  A  wimple  was  a  kind  of  cap  or  tippet."— Halliwbll. 
T 


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**  Inquisition  made  of  the  fire  raised  in  the  Jewry.  * 
They  say  that  Simon  Quitloc  placed  the  fire ;  Bobert  Scoth 
broke  open  a  chest  in  the  house ;  Scot,  servant  of  Herbert 
Sutor,  carried  o£f  part  of  the  goods  there  found;  Beginald 
Winbaldn,  Fistor,  broke  into  the  aforesaid  house.  They 
say  also  that  Stephen  Ghiken  was  the  companion  of  Simon 
Quitloc  at  the  fire  raising.  They  also  say  the  William 
Hodis  and  Ralph  Muddok  broke  into  the  house  of  a  Jew 
where  fire  had  not  been  placed.  Precept  to  apprehend 
the  aforesaid  felons." 

In  elucidation  of  the  above  extract,  so  expressly  referring 
to  the  Jewry,  it  may  be  well  to  quote  what  we  read  in  the 
Pictorial  History  of  England,  I.,  p.  685.,  that,  "  In  various 
parts  of  the  kingdom,  the  royalists  robbed  and  murdered 
the  Jews  imder  pretext  of  their  being  Mends  to  the  Barons; 
and  the  Barona'  party  did  the  like,  alleging  that  they  were 
allied  with  the  King,  and  kept  Greek  fire  in  their  houses,  in 
order  to  destroy  the  friends  of  liberty." 


*^  In  the  time  of  John  Scoth,  Boger  de  Swerdeston,  and 
William  Picot,  Bailifl&. 
^^  Memorandum.  That  Bichard  Fichet,  of  Fomesete, 
and  Boger  de  Ling  were  taken  in  the  bakehouse  of  Henry 
de  Heylesdon,  in  the  night  of  S*  Martin,  in  the  year 
aforesaid,  (48  H.  III.)  by  whom  a  certain  chest,  with  the 
contents,  in  a  pit  to  the  same  bakehouse  belonging,  was 
pulled  out  and  robbed. 

"  William  Wysse,  then  servant  of  the  Bailiffi,  had  cus- 
tody of  them.  How  they  escaped  from  him  we  know 
not." 

•  The  present  Qentlemen's  Walk,  from  the  Savings  Bank  to  White  lion 
Street,  was  the  "  Yicus  de  Judaismo,*'  or  Jewry. 


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£68 

^^  In  the  time  of  William  de  Dtmewic,  Adam  de  Toftes^ 
Nicholas  de  Ely^  and  Roger  de  Swathing^  Bailiffi. 

'^  Parishes  of  St.  Augustine,  All  Saints,  St.  Botolph, 
St.  Margaret  in  Fybridge,  present  and  say  on  oath,  That 
a  certain  woman,  name  unknown,  was  killed  the  Sunday 
before  Ash  Wednesday,  in  the  year  50,  in  the  house  of 
Agatha  Ded,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Augustine,  and  had  a 
wound  in  the  right  flank,  which  a  man  named  Reginald, 
a  Mend  of  the  deceased,  gave  her  with  his  dagger,  of  the 
value  of  one  hat^enny,  as  it  is  said.  They  say  that  all  who 
were  present  fled  when  she  died,*  namely^  Agatha  Ded, 
Thomas  Kydelom,  her  brother,  Johanna,  his  mistress, 
Julia  a  Kech,  Black  Beatrice,  Wulmina  Belleward,  Massa 
Trant^  John  le  Ouverur  and  his  wife,  Sara  Deythef. 

"  Ralf  de  Hemenhal  found  her  first,  for  whom  Warin 
de  Houton,  Thomas  de  Hemenhale,  are  pledges,  (or  sure- 
ties.) 

^^  Neighbours  attached : 
"William  le  Fulere,  &c. 

'*The  house  in  which  she  was  killed  was  appraised 
at  2'.  6^.  *  John  Herman  to  answer.  Chattels  of  the  fugi- 
tives, 2*. ;  Roger  the  Coroner  to  answer.  Thomas  Kyde- 
lom fled  to  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity :  Ordered  to 
be  watched." 


"  Parishes  of  St.  Peter  de  Mannecroft,  St.  Stephen's, 
St.  Cross,  St.  John  of  Maddermarket,  present  and  say  on 

*  The  4th  Edward  I.  says,  "If  any  be  found  culpable  of  the  murther, 
the  Coroner  shall  go  unto  his  house,  and  shaU  enquire  what  goods  he  hath. 

And  when  they  shall  have  enquired  upon  every  thing,  they  shall 

cause  all  the  land  and  goods  to  be  valued  in  like  manner  as  if  they  shoidd 
be  sold  incontinently ;  and  thereupon  they  shall  be  delivered  to  the  whole 
township,  who  shall  be  answerable  before  the  Justices  for  the  same;  and 
likewise  of  his  freehold,  how  much  it  is  worth  yearly,  over  and  above  the 
service  due  to  the  lord  of  the  fee." 

t2 


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264 

oath,  That  Robert  Ic  Paumer  came,  on  Monday  in  the  feast 
of  St.  Mark  the  Evangelist,  in  the  year  aforesaid,  into 
Cordwainer  Row,  *  Norwich,  and  to  a  certain  shop,  within 
which  Richard,  the  son  of  Goodesman  was ;  and  the  said 
Robert  struck  the  said  Richard  on  the  back  with  liis  sword. 
Whereupon  he  raised  hue  and  cry ;  and  immediately  Wil- 
liam de  Kymbule  and  Miles  de  Lopham  took  him,  held 
him,  and  sorely  abused  him ;  whilst  Thomas,  the  son  of 
Ralph,  Chaplain  of  Ameringhall,  came  and  gave  him  a 
heavy  blow  on  the  head  with  a  certain  great  staflF,  from 
whence  he  died,  as  they  say.  Emma  la  Peyntresse  found 
him  first :  William  Wiseman,  Robert  de  Foxle,  pledges. 
"  Neighbours  attached  : 
"  Walter  Hamelyn ;  pledges,  John  Raven,  Richard  de 

Wurlingward. 
"  GeoSrj  de  Kirkeby ;  Roger  de  Tasburgh,  William  de 

Bradefend. 
"  Richard  Papenjay;  Simon  Brid,  and  John  Raven. 
"William    de   Ballia,   who    had    the    custody    of   the 
sword  and  shoes  of  the  said  Richard,  deceased,  found 
pledges;   GeoStj  de   Elirkeby,   Emald  de  Weston, 
Umfrey  de  Beuton,  and  Roger  de  Meuton." 

The  above  gives  a  most  gloomy  picture  of  the  state  of  the 
city  at  the  time :  one  man  attacked  in  his  shop  by  four 
others,  (one  a  priest)  and  killed  in  the  most  public  place  in 
the  city. 


"  Parishes  of  Saint  Stephen,  St.  Peter  de  Mannecroft, 
St.  John  de  Maddcrmarket,  All  Saints  of  Swinemarkct, 
sworn,  present,  and  say  on  their  oaths.  That  Eva,  wife  of 

*  Cardteaineria,  the  South  i)ortion  of  the  Eastern  side  of  the  Market- 
place, now  called  the  "  Gentlemen's  Walk." 


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265 

Richard  Meymund,  died  of  gutta  caduca,*  Thursday  next 
before  Pentecost,  in  the  aforesaid  year,  in  her  own  house. 
No  one  accused  of  her  death.  Richard  Meymund,  her 
husband,  found  her  first,  for  whom  William  Nevile,  Al- 
lictar,  and  Roger  de  Hederset,  textor,  are  pledges. 
"  Neighbours  attached : 
"  Robert,  son  of  Anabilia,  &c." 


"  Parishes  of  St.  Clement,  St.  Saviour,  Blessed  Mary 
Combusta,  and  St.  Botolph,  present  and  say  on  oath.  That 
on  Thursday  next  before  the  Feast  of  the  Translation  of 
the  Blessed  Thomas  the  Martyr,  in  the  year  60,  Nicholas 
Spigurnel,  then  Sheriff  of  Norfolk,  came  to  his  Inn  in  the 
parish  of  the  Blessed  Mary  Combusta,t  and  a  contention 
was  going  on  between  Thomas,  brother  of  the  aforesaid 
Nicholas,  Constable,^  and  John,  son  of  Simon  le  Lin- 
drap ;  hearing  which,  the  said  Nicholas  went  forth  without 
his  gates,  and  there  was  then  a  dispute  between  the  said 
Nicholas  and  the  said  John,  and  he  attacked  the  said  John, 
who  flying,  the  said  Nicholas  with  his  right  foot  desired  to 
strike  him,  and  failing  in  his  blow,  fell  upon  his  left  leg,§ 


*  *'  (httta  Cadiva,  Caduca,    Epileptici  dicuntur,  qui  Guttam  habent  Cadi- 

Tam [Rob^^  de  Tumbaleniil  in  Epistola  ad  Monachos  S.  Mich,  de 

Monte  apud  Mabill.  to.  6  Annal.  Benedict.,  p.  669,  Col.  I. :  *  Hug^  Tocatns 
frater  qnidam  ....  subito  iUft  molestiA  arripitur,  quam  Medici  Epilepsiam 
Tocabulo  Gtsbco  diciint,  Tel  Sacrum  Morbum,  eo  qu6d  sacras  hominis  partes, 
ut  est  caput,  ct  mentem  occupet ;  nos  yero  vulgaritd  Quttam  eaducamt  ez  eo 
qu6d  cadere  faciat,  Tocamus.'  "] — Ducanob. 

t  This  church  was  in  Magdalen  Street,  opposite  St.  Saviour's  church,  or 
nearly  so.  The  lane,  now  called  «  Golden  Dog  Lane,"  ran  through  the 
churchyard. 

%  He  was  also  Constable  of  the  Castle  in  the  succeeding  reign. 

§  Oambam  pro  ea  parte,  qus  est  inter  genu  et  pedcm,  occurit  in  Stat. 
Cadubr.  lib.  3,  cap.  63.  — Ducange, 


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266 

the  small  bone  of  which  was  broken  in  two  pieces,  and  his 
foot  was  put  out  of  joint,  from  which  he  died  the  Monday 
following  in  the  Castle  of  Norwich.    And  they  say  no  one 
was  to  blame,  but  that  it  was  misfortune. 
"  Neighbours  attached : 
"  John  le  Parchimn^  &c." 

Nicholas  Spigumel,  whose  death  is  here  mentioned,  seems 
to  have  been  of  a  Nottinghamshire  family.  The  Hundred 
Holls  contain  many  complaints  of  his  extortions,  (in  common 
apparently  with  all  the  men  in  authority  in  those  times);  for 
instance,  the  town  of  Elmham,  Suffolk,  presented  in  the  Srd 
Edward  I.,  that,  '^  Nicholas  Spigumel,  while  he  was  Sheriff, 
had  the  custody  of  a  certain  prisoner,  whom  he  made  to 
accuse  five  men  of  Elmham,  and  took  from  them  50  shillings ; 
and  on  his  death,  Boger  de  Colville,  Sheriff  next  after  him, 
again  took  them,  and  obtained  from  them  five  marks  for  the 
same  cause.'' 

His  brother  Thomas  is  also  named  in  the  Hundred 
Bolls,  in  the  presentment  from  the  Hundreds  of  Humil- 
yard,  Henstede,  &c.  ^'  Item,  Thomas  Spigumel,  Constable 
of  the  Castle  in  the  time  of  Nicholas  Espigumel,  Sheriff, 
made  a  prisoner  accuse  Bichard  le  Moyne  of  Swerdeston, 
whereupon  the  said  Bichard  gave  the  said  Thomas  a  hun- 
dred shillings,  that  he  should  dismiss  him  in  peace.*' 


'^Parishes  of  St.  Stephen,  St.  Peter  de  Mannecroft, 
St.  John  de  Bergstrete,  and  All  Saints  Swjnaemarket, 
sworn,  present  and  say  on  their  oaths.  That,  Thomas  de 
Karleton  being  Constable  of  the  Peace,  there  came  a 
clamor  thro  the  midst  of  the  City  of  Norwich,  that  the 


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267 

disinherited  Barons*  approached  the  City  to  seize  and 
bum  it,  the  Tuesday  next  before  Pentecost  in  the  year 
51,t  the  said  Thomas  directed  Walter  de  Sterston,  a  Ser- 
jeant of  the  aforesaid  town,  that  he  should  summon  the 
Citizens;  he  resisting,  the  said  Thomas  reprimanded  him 
on  account  of  his  ill  conduct;  and  the  said  Walter  an- 
swering him  in  a  disgraceful  manner,  the  said  Thomas 
haying  his  naked  sword  swinging  in  his  hand,  gaye  him 
a  wound  in  the  breast,  whence  he  died.  They  say  he  had 
his  death  by  the  misfortune  before-named,  and  not  from 
felony. 

^'  Neighbours  attached : 
^'  Geoffry  de  Wichingham,  &c. 

*'  Chattels  of  the  said  Thomas  appraised,  and  found  of 
the  yalue  of  two  marks  and  a  half,  3  shillings  and  8  pence. 
Alexander  de  Weston,  William  le  Rus,  Walter  de  Weston, 
and  Soger  Bertelmen,  to  answer." 


"  William  Sot,  of  Hemstede  near  Hapesburg,  placed 
himself  in  the  church  of  St.  Gregory,  the  Monday  before 
St.  Bartholomew's  day,  in  the  year  51.  The  Coroners 
and  Baili£i  went  and  interrogated  him  why  he  placed  him- 
self there ;  and  he  confessed  before  them  that  he  did  so 
because  of  certain  robberies  he  had  committed,  namely, 
on  account  of  certain  cloths  he  had  stolen  at  Hemstede ; 
and  he  was  taken  at  Yarmouth  and  there  incarcerated, 
from  whence  he  escaped,  and  therefore  placed  himself  in 

•  In  the  Dieium  de  KewOworth^  which  bean  date  the  day  before  the 
Kalends  of  NoTember,  1266,  the  arbitrators  refer  to  the  insurgent  Banms 
as  "  certain  persons  disherited." 

t  They  had  attacked  and  burnt  the  city  in  the  middle  of  December  in  the 
same  year  (1266.) 


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268 

sanctuary.     And  he  abjured  the  realm,  and  had  protection 
to  Sandwyz." 

The  privilege  of  sanctuary  appears  to  have  been  introduced 
into  England  at  a  very  early  date.  Ina,  King  of  the  West 
Saxons,  in  a  code  of  laws  promulgated  in  693,  expressly  re- 
cognized it :  by  the  laws  of  Alfred  the  Great,  a.  d.  887,  the 
privilege  is  given  for  three  nights  to  any  flying  to  a  church ; 
and  William  the  Conqueror,  in  his  fourth  year,  made  express 
laws  protecting  the  privilege.  , 

"  Under  a  due  administration  of  justice,"  says  Mr.  Hal- 
lam,*  "  this  privilege  would  have  been  simply  and  constantly 
mischievous ;  as  we  properly  consider  it  to  be  in  those  coun- 
tries where  it  still  subsists.  But  in  the  rapine  and  tumult  of 
the  middle  ages,  the  right  of  sanctuary  might  as  often  be  a 
shield  to  innocence,  as  an  impunity  to  crime.  We  can  hardly 
regret,  in  reflecting  on  the  desolating  violence  which  pre- 
vailed, that  there  should  have  been  some  green  spots  in  the 
wilderness,  where  the  feeble  and  the  persecuted  could  find 
refuge.  How  must  this  right  have  enhanced  the  veneration 
for  religious  institutions !  How  gladly  must  the  victims  of 
internal  warfare  have  turned  their  eyes  from  the  baronial 
castle,  the  dread  and  scourge  of  the  neighbourhood,  to  those 
venerable  walls,  within  which  not  even  the  clamour  of  arms 
could  be  heard,  to  disturb  the  chaunt  of  holy  men  and  the 
sacred  service  of  the  altar  !  " 

The  church  of  St.  Gregory,  Norwich,  appears  to  have  been 
a  more  frequent  place  of  reftige  at  this  time,  than  any  other 
in  the  city,  with  the  exception  of  the  Cathedral.  And  I  in- 
cline to  believe  it  continued  to  be  so;  for  the  present  church, 
which  is  of  a  later  (the  Perpendicular)  period,  has  large 
porches  both  to  the  north  and  south,  with  lofty  chambers 
over  them,  probably  for  the  accommodation  of  fugitives  or 
of  men  placed  there  to  admit  them.  On  the  belfry  door  is 
•  Middle  Age$,  Chap.  IX.,  Part  1,  Vol.  III.,  p.  361. 


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:    ::..-.•-'• 


•  •-  •  • 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


C^^yu> 


^Z^'^tty 


^>-tr^^ 


(/^  1/  ^ot^c^Y^    ^yv^^^^cv^^ 


i//  C/l^i>€^'-v  C-^f.    . 


1.1...     .U\i.r\'\.     J  1;,    ,i    i,M,.^,, 


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269 

now  fixed  the  relic  figured  in  the  annexed  engraving ;  but 
firom  the  traces  upon  the  door  of  the  south  porch,  it  was 
there  originally  attached :  the  ring  of  the  knocker  is  gone. 
This  escutcheon  is  believed  to  be  of  the  fourteenth  century, 
and  is  exceedingly  like  one  on  the  north  door  of  All  Saints, 
Pavement,  York,  figured  in  the  Architectural  Notes,  in  the 
York  volume  of  the  Archaeological  Institute,  page  7.  It  also 
bears  a  great  resemblance  to  one  on  the  nordi  door  of  Durham 
Cathedral,*  which  is  believed  to  have  been  used  for  the  pur- 
pose of  gaining  admission  to  sanctuary.  '^There  were  two 
chambers  over  the  north  door,  (at  Durham,)  in  which  men 
slept,  for  the  purpose  of  admitting  fugitives  at  any  hour  of 
the  night.  As  soon  as  any  one  was  so  admitted,  the  Galilee 
beU  was  immediately  tolled,  to  give  notice  that  some  one  had 
taken  sanctuary." 

At  page  SO  of  the  same  curious  volume,  f  the  ceremony  of 
abjuration  of  the  realm  is  described  with  unusual  minuteness. 
"  A  man  from  Wolsingham  is  committed  to  prison  for  theft. 
He  escapes,  and  seeks  refuge  in  the  Cathedral.  He  takes 
his  stand  before  the  shrine  of  St.  Cuthbert,  and  begs  for  a 
coroner.  John  Baket,  the  coroner  of  Chester  Ward,  goes  to 
him  and  hears  his  confession.  The  culprit,  in  the  presence 
of  the  sacrist,  sheriflT,  tmder-sheriff,  and  others,  by  a  solemn 
oath,  renounces  the  kingdom.  He  then  strips  himself  to  his 
shirt,  and  gives  up  his  clothing  to  the  sacrist,  as  his  fee. 
The  sacrist  restores  the  clothing :  a  white  cross  of  wood  is 
put  into  his  hand ;  and  he  is  consigned  to  the  under-sherifif, 
who  commits  him  to  the  care  of  the  nearest  constable,  who 
hands  him  over  to  the  next ;  and  he  to  the  next,  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  coast.  The  last  constable  puts  him  into  a  ship ; 
and  he  bids  an  eternal  farewell  to  his  country."  J 

The  privilege  of  sanctuary  was  materially  altered  and  re- 
stricted by  various  Acts  of  Henry  VIII. :  it  was  still  further 

♦  Sanctttarium  Dunelmensef  Preface,  pp.  xvi.  and  xxiv. 
t  Sane,  Dun.  J'  Sane.  Dun.,  Notes,  p.  218. 


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abridged  by  an  Act,  1  James  I.,  c.  25,  and  finally  suppressed 
by  the  21st  James  I.,  c.  28,  * 


'^Parishes  of  St.  Simon  and  Jude,  St.  Edmund,  St 
Martin  before  the  Gates  of  the  Bishop,  and  St  Peter  de 
Hundegate,  parishes  of  St.  Michael  at  Plea,  St.  George 
before  the  Gates  of  St  Trinity,  St  Clement,  St  Mary 
Parya,  St.  Yedast,  St.  Peter  de  Parmenterigate,  St  Mary 
in  the  Mar8h,t  and  St.  Cuthbert,  sworn,  present  and  say 
on  their  oaths.  That  a  certain  man  named  Henry,  son  of 
Alan  le  Mercer,  was  found  dead  in  the  river  at  Norwich, 
with  his  neck  twisted,  the  day  of  St  Lucy  the  Virgin, 
[Dec.  13,]  in  the  year  52.  They  also  present  and  say  on 
their  oaths,  that  the  said  Henry  came  in  the  Vigil  of  St 
Edmund,:^  in  the  year  aforesaid,  to  the  house  of  Master 
William  de  London,  ||  and  there  supped  with  the  aforesaid 
Master  William,  Geoffiry  Listeserdhing,  and  William  son 
of  Balph  Gery,  and  after  supper  left  them  and  went  towards 
his  own  home,  and,  being  a  little  intoxicated,  fell  from  the 
bridge  into  the  water,  and  was  there  exposed,  as  they  say. 
And  they  say  he  was  last  at  the  house  of  Master  William. 
Therefore  order  was  given  to  attach  Master  William, 
Geoffirey  Listeserdhing,  attached  by  James  Butiot,  William 
Ladde,  John  de  Couteshall,  and  Balph,  Us  brother. 

'*  William,  son  of  Kalph  de  Gery,  of  Hockering,  at- 
tached by  William  de  Beauton,  Rich'  de  Goutorp,  William 
de  Lopham,  and  Bichard  de  Wymundham. 

*  SofM.  Dim.,  Preface,  pp.  zzii.,  zxiii. 

t  Here  the  City  Coroner  appears  to  haTe  summoned  men  from  the  exempt 
Jurisdiction  of  the  Prior,  and  to  hare  been  obeyed  without  demur. 
t  NoTember  19th.    St.  Edmund's  day  is  on  the  20th  NoTember. 
II  This  house  was  in  Fishergate  Street,  near  St.  Edmund's  church. 


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271" 

^' And  it  was  said  at  the  same  time^  that  he  aad  in  his 
hand  two  black  woollen  mittens  at  the  time  he  left  the 
house  of  Master  William^  and  they  were  afterwards  found 
in  the  hands  of  Geoffiry  de  Karleton,  Faber.  Therefore 
same  Geoflry  is  attached,  by  Eobert  de  Ley,  William  de 
Atleburg,  Bobert  de  Dunwich,  and  Hugo  Stute. 

''And  that  •  •  ♦  le  Virly,  the  man-servant  of  the 
said  Henry,  and  having  the  care  of  his  house  during  all 
this  time,  failed  to  give  notice  either  to  Coroners  or  Bailiffs 
of  his  master's  death ;  and  therefore  he  was  ordered  to  be 
apprehended  upon  suspicion.     Bailiffs  to  answer. 

Simon,  son  of  Simon  Lindrap,  found  him  first,  for 
whom  Herve  le  Mercer  and  John  le  Lindrap,  brother  of 
Simon,  are  pledges. 

''  Neighbours  attached  are, 
"  Goscelin  le  Specer,  &c." 

No  less  than  twelve  parishes  are  on  this  inquest.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  the  mode  adopted  to  trace  the  perpetrators 
of  the  crime.  Black  woollen  mittens  seem  to  hare  been  ra- 
rities at  the  time. 


''Parishes  of  St.  Peter  Hundegate,  St  Mary  Panra^ 
St.  Cuthbert,  St.  Peter  de  Parmenterigate,  sworn,  say. 
That  a  certain  man  named  William  de  Bunham,  Chaplain, 
placed  himself  in  the  Church  of  Saint  Cuthbert,  for  a 
certain  homicide  perpetrated  at  Torp,  as  they  say.  The 
Baili&  placed  him  in  the  custody  of  the  aforesaid  pa- 
rishioners, and  he  escaped  without  view  of  Coroners ;  and 
this  was  in  the  Feast  of  Easter,  in  the  year  52." 

The  watching  of  felons  in  sanctuary  must  have  been  a 
great  burden  and  expense  to  the  city.     Blomefield  records. 


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(III.,  176,)  that  "  in  1491,  the  hurgesses  in  Parliament  ac- 
quainted the  assembly  that  they  had  been  at  great  expense 
in  getting  an  ordinance  of  Parliament,  to  authorize  them  in 
a  quiet  manner  to  take  John  Estgate  out  of  the  sanctuary ; 
the  said  John  having  entered  the  church  and  churchyard 
of  St.  Simon  and  Jude,  and  remained  there  for  a  long  time 
past ;  during  which  time,  the  city,  being  forced  to  keep  watch 
over  him  day  and  night  lest  he  should  escape,  was  at  great 
charge  and  trouble;  upon  which  the  expense  was  allowed. 
And,  the  ordinance  being  passed,  John  Pynchamour,  one  of 
the  burgesses,  went  to  the  sanctuary,  and  asked  Estgate  whe- 
ther he  would  come  out  and  submit  to  the  law  or  no ;  and, 
upon  his  answering  he  would  not,  he  in  a  quiet  manner 
went  to  him,  led  him  to  the  Guildhall,  and  committed  him 
to  prison." 


"  Eliza,  the  daughter  of  Hamon  Wotte,  accused 
Ralph  Muddock,  pistor,  Peter  Cory,  Geoflfry,  servant 
of  Laurence  de  Fomsete,  Ralph  Crabbe,  Umfrey  Hodis, 
Kay,  servant  of  Adam  le  Blund,  That  iniquitously,  and 
against  the  peace  of  our  Lord  the  King,  and  feloniously, 
they  killed  Ralph,  her  brother,  servant  of  William  Payn, 
on  Thursday  next  after  the  feast  of  St.  Lucie,  in  the  year 
51,  and  stole  from  him  seventeen  pounds  sterling.  This 
accusation  was  made  in  full  court  at  Norwich,  the  Tuesday 
after  the  close  of  Easter,  in  the  year  52 ;  and  she  brought 
pledges  to  prosecute;  Hamon  Wotte,  her  father,  and  Geof- 
fry  de  Horsted." 

Endorsed  on  the  roll,  at  the  back  of  the  above  entry,  is 
the  following. 

"  John  Popinel,  John  de  Weston,  Robert  de  Burghle, 
Robert  Lax,    David    de    Okie,    John    Sweting,  William 


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Herse^  John  le  Viner,  Walter  Woke,  say  on  their  oaths, 
that  Ralph,  servant  of  William  Payn,  was  killed  by  the 
Barons,  and  that  no  one  of  the  city  could  be  accused 
of  it."* 


"  In  the  year  56,  it  happened  that  John  Casmus  was 
found  slain  on  the  Tuesday  t  next  after  the  feast  of  St. 
Laurence,  by  William  de  Brunham,  Prior  of  Norwich, 
at  the  Gates  of  St.  Trinity,  on  the  eastern  side.  The  said 
Prior  having  struck  him  with  a  certain  *fauchone*  on 
the  head,  from  which  blow  he  instantly  died.  The  Co- 
roners are  unable  to  make  inquisition,  from  fear  of  a 
felonious  assault."  t 

There  is  no  doubt  that  this  Prior,  by  his  violent  conduct, 
contributed  materially  to  the  unhappy  disturbances  which 
ended  in  the  destruction  of  the  Priory  and  very  serious  injury 
to  the  Cathedral.  He  was  installed  in  1260;  and,  being 
much  blamed  for  the  intemperance  of  his  conduct  during 
these  disorders,  resigned  the  Priory  into  the  Bishop's  hands, 
on  the  28th  September,  1272,  the  day  after  the  King  left 
the  city.  Blomefield  says  he  was  then  infirm,  and  died 
February  ISth,  1273;  but  the  author  of  the  Liber  de  An- 
tiquis  Leg%bu8%  attributes  his  death  to  another  cause  than 

*  The  aboYO  entries  give  the  positive  date  of  the  attatk  on  the  city  by  the 
Barons;  viz.,  Thursday,  the  17th  December*  1266.  Balph  Wotte  is  the 
only  name  which  has  come  down  to  us,  of  those  who  fell  on  that  occasion. 

t  The  16th  of  August.  The  attack  on  the  Cathedral  commenced  on  Tues- 
day, the  9th  of  August. 

X  It  seems  very  probable,  from  the  temper  of  the  Prior,  that  they  would 
haye  been  attacked  if  they  had  ventured  to  make  inquisition.  At  the  same 
time,  they  must  have  very  weU  known,  they  were  claiming  jurisdiction 
where  they  had  none — y\z.  on  the  eoHem  side  of  the  gate. 

{  The  *'  Book  of  Ancient  Laws,"  belonging  to  the  Corporation  of  London, 
contains  lists  of  the  Mayors  and  Sherifb  of  London,  and  a  chronicle  of 


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infirmity :  "  Fostea^  infra  dimidium  annum  proximo  sequen- 
tem^  divina  ultiane  superveniente,  ut  credo,  ille  nequissimus 
miserabiliter  mortuus  est/' 

He  was  succeeded  by  William  de  Kirkby. 


'^  In  the  same  year,  it  happened  that  a  certain  Gunilda, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Campsy,  was  found  killed  the  Tues- 
day next  before  the  Exaltation  of  the  Holy  Cross  (this 
was  on  Wednesday,  September  14th).  Simon,  the  son  of 
Thomas  de  Hoggeston,  of  Hockeringe,  struck  her  with  a 
certain  arrow,  which  pierced  her  heart,  whence  she  in- 
stantly died.  He  fled  immediately  after  the  felony  (and 
had  no  chattels),  and  was  afterwards  taken  and  imprisoned 
in  Norwich.  He  afterwards,  by  writ  de  odio  et  (itia,  was 
liberated,  but,  having  then  committed  a  theft,  was  hung 
at  Dereham." 

The  writ  de  odio  et  €Uia,  after  many  attempts  to  preyent 
its  abuse,  was  finally  abolished  by  the  S8th  Edward  III., 
c.  9.  It  appears  to  have  been  a  writ  issuing  out  of  Chan- 
cery, to  inquire  whether  a  man  killed  another  by  misfortune 
or  not. 

The  sheriffs  and  other  influential  men  made  large  sums 
from  the  power  this  kind  of  writ  placed  in  their  hands.  The 
aboye  party  probably  made  interest  with  the  then  sherifi*,  who 
obtained  the  writ,  and  summoned  a  favourable  jury.  I  find 
in  the  Abbrevtatio  Placitorum*  one  return  from  SheriflTs  to 
this  writ,  and  one  only:  it  is  Rot.  11  of  Pleas  at  Westminster 

zemarkable  oeeuirenoes  from  1188  to  1274,  apparently  written  at,  oz  shortly 
after,  the  time  of  the  events  recorded.    The  Camden  Society  has  printed 
it ;  and  there  is  an  admirable  notice  of  it  in  the  Journal  of  the  Institnte 
for  September,  1847. 
•  Vol  I.,  p.  64. 


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in  the  reign  of  John^  and  is  made  by  the  Sheriffs  of  Essex : 
*'  The  sheriffs  signify^  &c.,  that  the  appeal  that  Matilda^  the 
daughter  of  Geoffiry^  made  against  William  Bedell  is  (x^ia  et 
per  odium  fern " 


**  In  the  13th  year  of  the  reign  of  King  Edward,  in 
the  time  of  Roger  de  Wilby,  Adam  le  Clerk,  James  Nade, 
and  William  de  Burwood,  Bailiffs,  It  happened  that  Walter 
Eye  was  condemned  in  the  Court  of  Norwich,  and  hung^ 
and  appeared  to  be  dead,  but  was  afterwards  discovered 
to  be  alive  by  WiUiam,  the  son  of  Thomas  Stannard ;  and 
the  said  Walter  was  carried  in  a  coffin  to  the  Church  of 
Saint  George  before  the  Gates  of  St.  Trinity,  where  he 
recovered  in  fifteen  days,  and  then  fled  from  that  Church 
to  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  and  there  was  until 
the  King,  upon  his  suit,  pardoned  him.'*  * 

*  It  was  formerly  a  preyalent  idea,  that  felons  could  only  be  suspended 
ibr  a  certain  time ;  and  we  hare  all  heard  of  the  yarious  derices  of  criminals 
to  saTe  themselYes :  a  sUver  pipe,  put  down  the  trachea,  was  a  common  ex* 
pedient  in  schoolboy  stories  of  highwaymen  and  murderers.  It,  howerer, 
never  was  so :  the  mode  of  authorising  the  Sheriff  to  do  execution,  was  for 
the  Judge  to  write  opposite  the  name  of  the  criminal,  <*  Let  him  be  hanged 
by  the  neck ;"  or,  in  the  days  of  Latin  and  abbreviations,  "  sua.  per  coll. " 
fat  iUMpmdaiur  per  eottum;  and  in  Hale's  Phaa  of  the  Crown^  IL,  412,  we 
read :  *'  In  case  a  man  condemned  to  die  come  to  life  after  he  is  hanged,  as  the 
judgment  is  not  executed  tiUheia  dead,  he  ought  to  be  hung  up  again." 

I  can  meet  with  but  two  well-authenticated  instances  of  criminals  coming 
to  life  after  execution.  They  will  be  found  in  Caulfield*s  Remarkable  Peraona, 
Vol.  m.  Anne  Green,  executed  at  Oxford,  in  1650,  for  child-murder,  hung 
half  an  hoiur ;  and  yery  violent  means  were  resorted  to  by  her  friends  to 
shorten  her  sufferings.  After  all,  when  the  surgeons  came  to  prepare  for 
dissecting  the  body,  they  perceived  some  rattling  in  her  throat,  and  used 
proper  means  for  her  recovery.  In  fourteen  hours  she  began  to  speak,  and 
the  next  day  talked  and  prayed  heartily.  They  then  obtained  a  pardon  for 
her,  and  seeured  the  life  their  skill  had  restored. 

WiUiam  DeweU,  executed  at  Tyburn  in  1740,  after  hanging  the  customary 
time,  was  cut  down  and  carried  to  Surgeonei'  Hall  for  disseetion.    When  the 


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The  other  Boll,  although  containing  miscellaneous  returns, 
is  chiefly  occupied  with  a  subject  which  bears  a  prominent 
place  in  the  later  entries  of  the  Bolls  I  have  just  closed — ^the 
attack  on  the  Cathedral.  To  the  article,  "De  utlagatis  et 
fugitivis,  et  si  quis  redierit  post  utlag  sine  waranto,"  **  They 
say  that  of  outlaws  they  know  nothing,  nor  of  fugitives  re- 
turned. They  say  that  John  Buttesmuch,  a  fugitive,  fled  for 
the  burning  and  robbery  in  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity ; 
Bartholomew  de  Thaseburgh,  Tanner,  Walter,  his  brother,  .  . 
Bobert  de  Thaseburgh  (who  is  dead),  William  le  Blund, 
Clerk,"  *  &c.  [twenty-six  are  enumerated.]  "  All  these  were 
indicted  before  G.  de  Preston  and  his  companions,  and  after- 
wards returned ;  when  the  said  Gilbert  made  proclamation, 
that  all  who  desired  to  come  in  peace  were  to  be  permitted 
to  do  so,  finding  surety,  f  And  Bobert  de  Akle,  Clerk, 
Wariii,  Chaplain  of  the  parish  of  St.  Olave,  William  le  Cha- 
loner,"  &c.  [fifiy-six  are  enumerated]  "  were  indicted  for  the 

attendants  were  washing  the  body,  signs  of  life  were  observed,  and,  the  breath 
coming  quicker  and  quicker,  several  ounces  of  blood  were  taken  from  him ; 
and  in  about  two  hours  he  was  able  to  sit  up,  though  speechless,  and  appa- 
rently in  great  agony.  He  was  conveyed  back  to  Newgate,  and  the  next  day 
was  quite  recovered.  The  extraordinary  circumstances  of  the  case  operated 
so  far  in  mitigation  of  his  former  sentence,  that  it  was  commuted  to  trans- 
portation for  life. 

*  As  I  before  said,  many  of  the  above  parties  were  dead  in  the  14th  of 
£dw.  I. ;  and  the  survivors  appear  then  to  have  relied  on  the  King's  Charter, 
restoring  the  privileges  to  the  city,  in  the  thirteenth  year  of  his  reign.  The 
justices,  however,  remanded  them  to  prison,  and  directed  the  sheriff  to 
account  to  the  king  for  their  chattels. 

t  I  find  no  other  record  of  this  Proclamation. 


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same  crime,  and  fled,  and  never  returned."  Although,  how- 
ever, at  the  time  this  presentment  was  made  they  had  not 
returned,  they  seem  shortly  afterwards  to  have  done  so ;  for 
the  fourth  menabrane  contains  a  list  of  nearly  all  of  them, 
together  with  the  value  of  their  chattels,  and  the  names  of 
the  persons  in  whose  custody  they  then  were.  Of  the  par- 
ties included  in  the  list,  no  less  than  thirteen  are  described 
as  "Chaplains"  or  *^  Clerks;"  confinning  Cotton*s  account, 
that  many  of  the  city  and  country  clergy  were  on  the  citi- 
zens' side. 

The  chroniclers  of  this  event  are  divided  into  two  parties  ; 
one  throwing  all  the  blame  on  the  citizens,  the  other  on  the 
negligence  of  the  men  placed  by  the  Prior  in  the  steeple  to 
"vex"  the  citizens.  The  "Liber  de  Antiquis  Legibus," 
before  referred  to,  has  a  long  circumstantial  account  of  the 
latter  ^character ;  and  it  adds  to  our  previous  knowledge  the 
important  fact,  that  the  Prior  conveyed  a  large  body  of  men 
from  Yarmotdh*  by  water,  into  the  monastery,  to  assist  him 
in  his  schemes.  This  curious  account  of  the  transaction  was 
brought  to  the  notice  of  the  members  of  the  Archeeological 
Institute,  at  their  Norwich  meeting,  by  Mr,  Hudson  Turner, 
one  of  their  secretaries.  It  was  not,  however,  then  known 
that  two  copies  of  this  very  account  existed  in  the  Norwich 
Kecord  Boom.  The  "  Liber  Albus  "  contains  one ;  and  the 
other  is  on  a  paper  roll.  Both  give  the  name  of  the  book 
from  which  the  extract  was  made,  and  the  folio  at  which  it 
would  be  met  with. 

It  will  be  observed,  that  the  above  presentment  expressly 
states  the  parties  to  have  been  concerned  in  the  burning  and 
robbery  of  the  Cathedral,  and  that  this  is  a  return  made  by 


*  The  disputes  of  the  Norwich  citizens  with  the  men  of  Yannouth  about 
river  jurisdiction,  were  second  only  in  frequency  and  acrimony  to  those  with 
the  Priors.    The  Priors  had  a  cell,  too,  at  Yarmouth. 
VOL.   II.  U 


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the  citizens  themselves.  They  would  hardly  have  stated  this, 
if  it  had  not  been  a  well-known  fact ;  or,  if  they  had  been 
compelled  to  make  a  false  presentment,  they  would  have 
taken  care  to  destroy  it,  as  soon  as  the  purpose  it  was  in- 
tended to  serve,  was  answered.  Both  parties,  no  doubt, 
were  greatly  to  blame. 

The  farther  entries  show,  moreover,  that,  notwithstanding 
the  dread^l  events  that  had  just  taken  place,  after  so  much 
blood  had  been  shed,*  so  many  public  buildings  and  private 
dwellings  demolished,  and  such  a  fearful  waste  of  treasure 
had  been  occasioned  by  these  paltry  bickerings  about  juris- 
diction, the  parties  could  not,  even  for  a  time,  abstain  from 
advancing  afresh  their  pretensions, — ^from  again  renewing  the 
strife  which  had  already  cost  them  so  dear.f  It  woidd 
scarcely  be  credited,  were  it  not  upon  record,  that  these 
contentions,  beginning  nearly  a  century  before  the  events 
above  referred  to,  continued  down  to  the  dissolution  of  the 
monasteries, — that  for  a  period  of  above  three  centuries  these 
disgraceful  quarrels  were  almost  continually  going  on.  i 

Yet  so  it  was ;  and  so,  it  is  to  be  feared,  that,  "  mutatis 
mutandis,"  it  will  ever  be.     Generation  afler  generation  have 


•  In  addition  to  the  many  liyes  lost  during  the  fight,  upwards  of  thirty 
people  were  executed  when  the  king  was  in  the  city ;  hundreds  of  others 
fled»  some  returning  after  fourteen  years,  only  to  be  remanded  to  a  prison. 

t  **  They  present  that  the  Prior  claims  yiew  of  frankpledge  in  Newgate." 
'*The  same  Prior  claims  view  of  frankpledge  in  Holm  Street." 

X  From  among  many  of  similar  character  I  take  the  following  incident, 
A  Sergeant  at  Mace  arrested  a  felon  on  Pahn  Sunday,  1507,  on  Tombland, 
on  the  **  disputed  territory,"  and  was  taking  him  off  to  the  Guildhall  prison : 
the  Prior,  Bronde,  (afterwards  Wolsey's  successor  at  St.  Alban's)  with  many 
of  the  monks,  attempted  a  rescue.  The  citizens,  and  subsequently  the  sheriff, 
joined  in  the  fight.  The  sheriff  had  just  succeeded  in  laying  hold  of  the 
prisoner,  when  one  of  the  monks  drew  the  sheriff's  gown  tight  behind, 
pulled  >>iwi  down  backward,  and  held  him,  whilst  others  got  the  prisoner 
from  his  dutch,  and  led  him  off  to  sanctuary  in  the  Cathedral. 


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^79 

passed  away,  and  the  "  view  of  frankpledge,"  and  the  other 
exciting  causes  of  turmoil,  have  long  been  numbered  with 
the  things  that  were ;  but,  despite  these  changes  in  laws 
and  customs  and  individuals,  human  nature  remains  the 
same,  and  we  of  the  nineteenth  century  are  no  less  prone 
than  were  our  forefathers  in  the  thirteenth,  to  strain  after 
some  fancied  privilege, — to  **  snap  at  the  shadow  and  leave 
the  substance." 


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280 


^tmwck»  on  a  jFigute 

REPBESENTED   ON  THE  ROOD-LOFT  SCREENS 

OP    . 

OATELEY  AND    OAWSTON  CHURCHES, 
BY   THE   REV.    JUJOES   BULWER. 


The  attention  of  the  Society  was  lately  called  to  a  re- 
markable figure  on  one  of  the  panels  of  the  Screen  in  the 
church  of  the  village  of  Gateley.  This  Saint — for  such  his 
situation^  as  well  as  the  glory  round  his  head^  shows  him  to 
be — holds  in  his  left  hand  a  boot,  in  which  may  be  seen  the 
semblance  of  an  imp  or  devil ;  whether  in  the  act  of  ascend- 
ing or  descending,  may  be  doubtful.  The  legend,  to  be  pre- 
sently noticed,  would  lead  us  to  suppose  the  latter.  The 
right  arm  of  the  Saint  is  extended,  and  the  thumb  and  two 
first  fingers  of  his  hand  raised  towards  the  boot.* 


*  As  regards  this  poeition  of  the  hand  and  fingers,  some  discussion  took 
place  at  our  Quarterly  Meeting  in  October,  1847 ;  and  two  letters  shortly 
after  appeared  in  the  Norwich  papers,  in  one  of  which  the  writer  contended, 
that  the  gesture  was  admonitory ;  while  Mr.  Hart,  the  author  of  the  other, 
gave  several  reasons  for  his  supposing  it  to  be  benedictional.  Without 
entering  upon  the  subject  at  any  length,  one  point  may  be  mentioned  as 
haying  escaped  both  correspondents ;  namely,  that  the  gesture  is  not,  as 


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•  ^  ••-  "^    »  • 


FIGURE   ON   THE     GATELY    SCFUCEN. 


jr  Sa  »j^ 


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281 

When  this  painting  was  first  noticed,  the  lower  part  of  the 
panel  was  hidden  by  the  stairs  of  the  pulpit ;  but  letters  of 

thej  have  assumed  it  to  be,  the  same  in  the  subjects  of  the  two  paint- 
ings. In  the  Cawston  figure,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  annexed  outline,  the 
thumb  and  fore-finger  only  are  extended,  the  rest  being  contracted  into 
the  palm :  in  that  at  Gateley,  the  thumb  and  first  ttoo  fingers  are  elevated. 
Undoubtedly  the  position  of  the  hand  in  the  former  would  denote  admoni- 
tion ;  an  idea  which  would  be  conveyed  by  its  use  in  oratory,  or  in  common 
conversation ;  and  that  is  its  signification  in  chirology,  on  reference  to  the 
curious  work  published  in  1644,  by  John  Bulwer,  entitled,  "  Chirologia,  or 
the  Katurall  Language  of  the  Hand."  The  explanation  given  to  a  drawing 
of  a  hand  in  this  posture  is,  **  terrorem  incutio."  The  holding  up  of  the 
fore-finger,  says  he,  is  a  gesture  of  threatening  or  upbraiding.  Hence  this 
finger  is  called  minaz  or  minitans,  by  the  Latines :  *'quod  eo  minas  inferimus 
et  in  exprobrando  utimur."  Whether  the  screen-pamters  and  medieval 
artists  adopted  this  interpretation  in  their  works,  I  know  not.  It  would 
appear  from  the  authorities  cited  by  Mr.  Hart,  that  in  making  the  sign  of 
the  cross,  whether  as  an  accompaniment  to  a  blessing,  or  in  the  performance 
of  a  miracle  (for  there  seems  no  reason  why  the  gesture  in  the  one  case 
should  difier  from  that  in  the  other)  the  thumb  and  two  fingers  were  ex- 
tended, as  expressive  of  the  Trinity.  It  may,  perhaps,  be  hypereriticism  to 
distinguish  between  the  two  representations  of  Johannes  Schorn,  and  to 
suppose  that  the  artists  intended  to  represent  dijSerent  actions  by  the  two 
attitudes :  but  if  not,  it  is  possible  that  in  the  painting  at  Gateley,  the 
Saint  may  be  in  the  act  of  performing  the  miracle,  as  Mr.  Hart  suggests, 
through  the  efficacy  of  the  sign  of  the  cross ;  whUe  in  that  at  Cawston,  he 
is  holding  up  the  finger  in  admonition,  or  **  terrorem  incutiens,''  after  having 
performed  it.  The  artist,  in  the  latter  case,  might  think,  in  speculating 
upon  what  would  be  the  probable  conduct  of  the  Saint,  that  he  would  not 
be  disinclined,  under  the  circumstances,  to  upbraid  tlie  captive  fiend;  or 
that,  being  certain  of  his  auditor,  he  might  be  loth  to  lose  so  good  an  oppor^- 
tunity  of  enforcing  a  little  wholesome  advice ;  or  that  he  might  even  have 
recourse  to  threats  to  restrain  his  captive's  efforts  to  regain  his  liberty,  as 
the  artist  could  have  no  reason  for  supposing  that  the  fiend  would  be  alto- 
gether satisfied  with  the  accommodation  provided  for  him  in  *<  the  bote ;  ^* 
especially  as  the  legend  does  not  say  how  long  Master  Schorn  kept  him 
there.  I  fear,  however,  "  C.  T."  will  scarcely  accept  this  suggestion,  as  he 
is  of  opinion  that  elevating  two  fingers  is  an  admonitory  gesture  also.  I  do 
not  tmderstand  Mr.  Hart  to  maintain  that  the  artist  intended  it  to  be 
benedictional  in  one  sense :  to  convey  the  idea  that  the  saint  was  blessing 
the  tenant  of  the  boot  in  the  same  spirit  as  that  in  which  the  benevolent 
Scotch  pastor,  at  the  end  of  his  Sunday's  discourse,  used  to  '*pray  for 


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an  early  form  being  clearly  marked  on  the  pedestals  of  otter 
figures  not  concealed  by  the  stairs  or  pews,  it  was  suggested 
that  a  name  might  possibly  stiill  be  legible  at  the  base  of  this 
panel  also.  An  interest  was  thus  created  about  it,  which  was 
strengthened  by  the  recollection,  that  a  similar  figure  on  the 
screen  at  Cawston  had  baffled  all  the  ingenious  guesses  f  of 
our  ecclesiologists.  Inquiries  were  made ;  and  a  member  of 
the  Committee,  acquainted  with  the  parish  of  Gateley,  un- 
dertook the  temporary  removal  of  the  obstructions.  This 
energy  was  rewarded  by  his  distinctly  reading  on  the  label. 


mjsTpRmmmom 

Thus  far  curiosity  was  gratified ;  but  a  question,  and  one 
which  has  proved  difficult  to  solve,  presented  itself  to  the 
Society, — Who  was  Master  John  Schom? 

With  the  hope  that  I  may  assist  in  answering  this  question, 
I  have  collected,  for  the  pages  of  our  Archaeological  Journal, 


the  poor  deil ;"  but  that  we  are  to  suppose  that  the  Samt  has  made,  or  is 
making,  the  sign  of  the  cross  while  performing  a  miracle.  There  can  be 
no  doubt  but  that  in  either  picture  the  same  feat — to  wit,  "the  conjuring 
the  devil  into  the  boot" — is  meant  to  be  represented;  and  piobably  the 
artists,  without  any  great  particularity  as  to  whether  the  Saint  should  be 
holding  up  one  finger  or  two,  also  meant  to  represent  the  same  gesture. 
If  so,  and  the  question  be  whether  the  Saint  is  exercising  power  through 
the  efficacy  of  the  sacred  symbol;  or  whether,  having  exercised  it,  his 
gesture  is  one  of  admonition,  adhuc  sub  judice  lis  est:  unless,  indeed, 
the  sign  of  the  cross  was  never  made  either  with  one  finger  extended  or 
with  two,  and  the  artist  was  so  weU  versed  in  each  particular  posture 
adopted  in  his  church,  as  not  to  have  made  the  mistake.  Mr.  Hart's  theory, 
suggested  at  a  time  when  no  particulars  of  Johan  Schom*s  history  were 
known,  was  certainly  very  far  from  improbable ;  and  it  is  very  materially 
supported  by  the  legend  which  has  since  been  brought  to  our  notice,  and 
particularly  by  that  account  of  the  imaffe  at  Marston  given  by  Dr.  London, 
t  One  of  these  was,  Boot-elf:  St.  Botolph. 


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•  •  •  •••••• 

•  1  •«  •  •    •• 

•      •  •      • 


O:^^- 


••• : 

•  •  •• 


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PIGIJR^    ON   THE   GAWBTON  SCREEN. 


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such  scattered  notices  as  are  within  my  reach^  and  have 
added^  as  illustrations^  two  outline  drawings  of  the  remark- 
able paintings. 

It  is  clear,  from  inspection,  that  both  are  intended  to  re- 
present  the  same  personage.  The  caps,  cloaks,  and  hoods 
are  of  similar  form  and  colour — the  dress  of  a  Doctor  of 
Divinity ;  and  the  same  cast  of  features  is,  I  think,  observ- 
able in  both.  The  imp  in  the  Cawston  painting  differs  firom 
the  same  object  in  that  at  Gateley,  but  is  equally  significant 
of  the  Spirit  of  Evil,  over  which  the  Saint  appears  to  be 
displaying  his  power. 

The  first  glimpse  of  information  about  this  unknown  sub- 
ject came,  as  is  frequently  the  case  in  matters  of  research, 
through  the  correspondence  of  our  active  and  learned  Vice- 
President,  Mr.  Turner,  who  had  been  referred  to  the  Histo- 
ries of  St.  George's  Chapel  at  Windsor,  for  an  account  o^ 
the  Shrine  of  Sir  John  Schom.  This  shrine^  Bishop  Beau- 
champ,  who  was  appointed  Dean  of  the  College  of  Wiadsor 
March  4,  1478,  placed  in  the  chapel  at  the  East  comer  of 
the  South  aisle,  having  obtained  a  license  from  the  Pope  to 
remove  it  from  North  Marston  whithersoever  he  pleased; 
and  it  existed  at  Windsor  for  about  a  century.  Afterwards, 
its  site  was  occupied  by  the  moniunent  of  Edward,  Earl  of 
Lincoln,  Lord  High  Admiral  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth ;  in 
honor  of  whom  the  chapel  was  thenceforth  called  the  Lincoln 
Chapel. 

In  Sir  Jeffirey  Wyatville's  History  of  the  CcMtle,  Sfc.,  are 
given  some  details  of  expenses  from  the  Fabric  Soils  *  of  the 
College,  which  point  to  this  removal  of  the  shrine.  In  the 
19th  and  20th  of  Edward  TV.,  the  expenditure  on  account 
of  the  works  at  the  chapel  amounted  to  £1249.  18^.  5jrf. ; 
and  there  are  among  the  items,  "for  making  and  carving 

*  **  Compotos  noYS  ffidificationxs,"  in  the  Exchequer. 


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thirty  feet  of  crests y  *  thirty  feet  of  trayles,  f  eight  ItTUels  for 
the  enterclose  of  the  chapel  of  Master  John  Schome : "  and 
again^  "  for  thirty-one  feet  of  trayles  in  the  same  chapel." 
This  was  in  1481,  soon  after  the  living  of  North  Marston 
had  come  into  the  possession  of  the  College. 

The  value  of  this  shrine  is  gleaned  £rom  Elias  Ashmole, 
who,  in  his  **  List  of  Seizures  and  Surrenders  and  Losses  of 
the  Lands  of  the  CoUege  of  Windsor,"  says,  "  And  lastly, 
the  College  lost  at  least  1000  marks  per  annum  upon  the 
Reformation  of  Religion,  in  the  profit  made  by  St.  Anthony's 
Pigs,  which  the  appropriation  of  the  Hospital  of  St.  An- 
thony's, London,  had  brought  to  it ;  and  7W  less  than  £500. 
per  annum,  the  offerings  of  Sir  John  Scheme's  shrine  at 
North  Marston  in  Buckinghamshire, — a  very  devout  man, 
of  great  veneration  with  the  people,  and  some  time  Rector 
there." 

This  veneration  of  the  people  is  accidentally  confirmed 
by  a  passage  in  the  Preface  to  Gerard  Leigh's  Accedence  of 
Armorte,  first  printed  in  1662.  Speaking  of  a  class  whom  he 
termed  "neyther  gentle-ungentle,  or  imgentle-gentile,  but 
verie  stubble  cxirres,"  he  says,  "  One  of  them  was  called  to 
worshippe  J  in  a  Citie  within  the  province  of  Middlesex,  unto 
whom  the  Herehaught  came,  and  him  saluted  with  joy  of 
his  new  office,  requesting  of  him  to  see  his  cote;  who  called 
unto  him  his  mayde,  commanding  her  to  fetch  his  cote;  which 
beeing  brought,  was  of  cloth,  garded  with  a  burgunian  garde 
of  bare  velvet,  well  bawdefied  on  the  halfe-placard,  and 
squalioted  in  the  fore-quarters.  *  Lo ! '  quoth  the  man  to  the 
Herehaught,  *  here  it  is :  if  ye  wiU  buy  it,  ye  shall  have 
time  of  payment,  as  first  to  pay  halfe  in  hand,  and  the  rest 


*  CreaU :  cornices,  running  battlements,  or  any  crowned  moulding. 

t  Trayles :  open-work,  trellis. 

}  Honour :  pro\)ably  to  be  Mayor  or  Sheriff. 


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285 

by-and-by.*  And,  with  much  boste,  he  sayde,  '  he  ware  not 
the  same  since  he  came  last  from  Sir*  John  Schom.^ " 

What  this  "  very  stubble  curre  "  alluded  to,  iu  his  boast 
of  not  wearing  his  "bawdefied  cote,"  since  his  last  visit  to 
Sir  John  Schom, — whether  he  means  that  he  was  cured  of 
his  pride  and  vanity  in  such  things,  or  that  he  had  not  been 
cured  of  his  "agow"  or  his  *'gowt,"  and  so  was  unable 
to  wear  it,  does  not  very  distinctly  appear;  nor  whether  his 
pilgrimage  had  been  to  the  image  of  his  benefactor,  or  to 
the  well  which  he  had  blessed.  The  Herehaught  concludes 
with  wishing  aU  such  "evermore  to  be  infected  with  the 
gowt."  Marston  being  iu  the  adjoining  county  to  that  in 
which  the  pilgrim  had  been  *^  called  to  worship,"  he  would 
have  no  great  distance  to  go  for  his  remedy.  There  appears 
to  have  been  a  chalybeate  spring  in  the  parish,  which  would 
testify  to  the  Saint's  sagacity,  perhaps  more  than  to  the  effi- 
cacy of  his  benediction. 

Among  the  Letters  relating  to  the  Suppression  of  Monas- 
teries, printed  for  the  Camden  Society,  is  one  (No.  106) 
dated  August  Slst,  (1538,)  from  Dr.  London,  one  of  the 
commissioners  for  pulling  down  superstitious  pictures,  orna- 
ments, &c.,  to  Lord  Cromwell,  in  which  mention  is  made  of 
an  image  of  the  same  saint,  as  follows: — "  At  Merston,  M'. 
Johan  Schom  stondeth  blessing  a  bote,  whereunto  they  do  say 
he  conveyed  the  devil.  He  ys  moch  sowgt  for  the  agow.  If 
it  be  your  lordeschips  pleasur,  I  schaU  sett  that  botyd  ymage 
in  a  nother  place,  and  so  do  with  other  in  other  parties  where 
lyke  seking  ys."  And  again,  writing  to  Sir  Richard  Rich, 
on  the  17th  of  September,  among  other  spoils  which  he 
enumerates  as  in  his  custody,  and  which  he  is  about  to  send 


•  Ecclesiastics  were  thus   designated.      See   Ttoelfth  Night,  Act  lYr, 
Scene  2. 

**  Nay,  I  pr'ythee  put  on  this  gown  and  this  beard  ; 
Make  him  believe  thou  art  Sir  Topas  the  Curate." 


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286 

away,  he  says,  "  and  thys  wek  following  I  will  send  uppe 
M^  Johan  Schom,  and  so  as  many  as  I  find." 

This  Saint  also  appears  to  have  been  in  repute  at  Canter- 
bury, and  an  object  of  veneration  to  pilgrims,  as  appears 
from  the  Play  of  The  Four  P^Sy  by  John  Heywood,* — ^^  A 
very  merry  Enterlude  of  a  Palmer,  a  Pardoner,  a  Poticary, 
a  Peddar."  The  dialogue  is  opened  by  the  Palmer,  who, 
after  apologizing  for  his  rudeness,  says — 

*'  I  am  a  Palmer,  as  you  see, 

Whiche  of  my  life  muche  part  have  spent 

In  many  a  far  and  fair  countrie, 

As  pilgrims  doc  of  good  intent. 

At  Jerusalem  have  I  been, 

Before  Christe's  blessed  sepulture : 

The  mount  of  Calvary  I  hare  seen — 

A  holy  place  ye  may  be  sure." 

And  so  on,  enumerating  a  long  catalogue  of  places  he  had 
visited  ;  among  which,  he  had  been 

"  At  Waltam,  and  at  Walsingham ; 
And  at  the  good  rood  of  Dagnam ; 
At  Saint  Comelies  ;  at  Saint  James  in  Gales  ; 
And  at  Saint  Winefred's  WeU  in  Wales ; 
At  our  Lady  of  Boston  ;  at  St.  Edmimd's  Bury ; 
And  streight  to  Saint  Patrick's  purgatory ; 
At  Ridibone,  and  at  the  blood  of  Hailes, 
Where  pilgrims'  paines  right  muche  availes ; 
At  Saint  Dayies,  and  at  Saint  Denice ; 
At  Saint  Mathew,  and  Saint  Mark  in  Venice ; 
At  Maister  John  Shome  in  Canterbury, 
The  great  God  of  Kateward,  at  King  Henry." 
&c.,  &c. 


•  John  Heywood  lived  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  Queen 
Mary,  and  Queen  Elizabeth.  When  Elizabeth  came  to  the  throne,  he  fled 
to  Mechlin  in  Brabant,  on  account  of  his  religion,  and  died  there  about  1566. 
His  works  were  printed  in  quarto  (black  letter)  in  1666 ;  and  this  play  is  re* 
printed  in  the  first  volume  of  Dodsley*s  collection. 


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287 

The  Pardoner  gives  him  little  consolation  for  his  pains; 
for  he  says, — 

*«  And  when  ye  have  gone  as  far  as  you  can, 
For  all  your  labour  and  ghostely  intent, 
Ye  will  come  home  ia  wise  as  ye  went." 

The  Historians  of  Buckinghamshire,  repeating  after  each 
other,  give  the  following  authentic  particulars  of  Schom's 
reputation : — 

Lysons,  in  his  Buckinghamshire,  pp.  603,  4,  writes,  that 
North  Marston  "  Church  is  a  handsome  Gothic  structure. 
There  is  a  tradition,  that  the  chancel  was  built  with  the 
offerings  at  the  shrine  of  Sir  John  Scheme,  a  very  devout 
man,  of  great  veneration  with  the  people,  who  was  rector 
of  North  Marston  about  the  year  1290 ;  and  it  is  said,  that 
the  place  became  populous  and  flourishing  in  consequence 
of  the  great  resort  of  persons  to  a  well  which  he  had  blessed. 
This  story  stands  upon  a  better  foimdation  than  most  vulgar 
traditions  :  the  great  tithes  of  North  Marston  are  still  appro- 
priated to  the  Dean  and  Canons  of  Windsor ;  who,  before 
the  Reformation,  might,  without  difficulty,  have  rebuilt  the 
chancel,  as  very  probably  they  did,  with  the  offerings  at  the 
shrine  of  Sir  John  Schorne ;  for  we  are  told,  that  they  were 
so  productive,  that,  on  an  average,  they  amounted  to  £500. 
per  annum,  (equal  at  least  to  £5000.  according  to  the  present 
value  of  money).  Sir  John  Scheme,  therefore,  although  his 
name  is  not  to  be  found,  appears  to  have  been  a  Saint  of  no 
small  reputation.  The  common  people  in  the  neighbourhood 
still  keep  up  his  memory  by  many  traditional  stories.  Browne 
Willis  says,  that  in  his  time  there  were  people  who  remem- 
bered a  direction-post  standing,  which  pointed  the  way  to 
Sir  John  Scheme's  shrine." 

And  Lipscomb,  who  closes  these  accounts,  says,  "  John 
Scheme  was  a  pious  Rector  of  North  Marston  in  Bucldng- 


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hamshirc,  about  the  year  1290,  held  in  great  veneration  for 
his  virtues,  which  his  benediction  had  imparted  to  a  holy 
well  in  his  parish,  and  for  his  miracles ;  one  of  which,  the 
feat  on  conjuring  the  devil  into  a  boot,  was  considered  so 
remarkable,  that  it  was  represented  in  the  East  window  of 
his  church." 

The  advowson  of  the  church  of  North  Marston  was  ap- 
propriated to  the  DeaQ  and  Canons  of  Windsor  in  1480,  by 
the  Prior  and  Convent  of  Dunstaple ;  (the  licence  *  of  Edw. 
IV.  having  been  obtained  for  that  purpose,)  in  exchange  for 
the  advowson  of  the  church  of  Wedenbeck  in  Northampton- 
shire. And  we  must  now,  therefore,  turn  to  the  records  of 
another  foundation  for  our  information ;  and  here  the  notices 
are  so  scanty  that  little  can  at  present  be  ascertained  as  cer- 
tain, although  something  may  be  reasonably  conjectured 
about  this  venerable  Rector. 

In  the  Annates  Prioratus  de  Dunstaple,  I  find,  ''Anno 
Domini  1233.  Mortuo  Roberto,  Rectore  Ecclesiaj  de  Mer- 
stona  ad  presentationem  nostram  substitutus  Alanus,  reddi- 
turus  nobis  annuatim  quinque  libras,  de  quibus  solvemus 
Hospitali  quatuor  marcas."  t 

This  and  other  entries  show,  that  the  presentation  to  the 
rectory  of  Marston  was  at  this  early  time  in  the  Prior  and 
Convent  of  Dunstaple;  and  it  is  reasonable  to  infer,  that 
as  they  elected  one  of  their  own  monks  in  1233  to  the  va- 
cancy, in  1290  one  also  might  be  rector;  and  hence  Johannes 
Schom  would  be  an  Augustine  monk  at  Dunstaple.  And 
although  his  name  may  not  be  enumerated  in  any  authorized 
catalogue  of  Saints,  his  reputation  as  one  might  be  well  es- 
tablished.    Were  it  necessary  to  cite  an  instance  in  support 

•  See  Fat.  19,  Edw.  IV.,  p.  1,  m.  13,  de  Eccles.  de  K.  Merstone,  Bucks, 
approp.  et  danda  capell®  S.  Georgii,  Windsor.  The  licence  is  dated  16th 
NoTcmber. 

t  **  Hospitolis  Jerusalem  in  Anglia,"  at  ClerkenwcU. 


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of  so  very  obvious  a  fact,  Henry  VI.,  who  is  represented 
on  a  panel  of  this  same  screen  at  Gateley  as  a  Saint,  was 
never  canonized;  the  ceremony,  though  contemplated,  and 
the  preparatory  steps  commenced,  never  having  actually 
taken. place.  (Wilkins'  Condliay  Vol.  III.,  p.  640;  where 
the  petition  of  Henry  VII.  to  the  Pope  is  printed.)  And 
although  it  appears  that  there  was  a  painting  on  glass,  an 
image,  and  a  shrine  of  this  Saint  in  North  Marston  Church, 
and  another  at  Canterbury,  still  at  what  period  Master 
Schorn's  claims  to  veneration  were  established,  in  what  year 
he  was  canonized,  if  at  all,  or  how  his  reputation  reached 
the  remote  villages  of  Norfolk,  are  points  in  his  history 
which,  at  present,  cannot  be  satisfactorily  explained. 

N.B.  Gateley  was  in  the  gift  of  the  Abbey  of  Creak,  a 
society  of  Austin  Canons  like  that  at  Dunstaple.  Perhaps 
occasional  interchanges  of  good  offices  passed  between  them, 
and  the  merits  of  the  Saint  might  have  travelled  from  Dun- 
staple  to  Creak ;  but  I  cannot  trace  any  connection  between 
the  patrons  of  Cawston  and  the  Augustines.  The  figure  at 
Cawston  is  executed  on  paper ;  and  this  and  three  adjoining 
subjects  have  been  fixed  over  others  of  earlier  date  and  ruder 
execution  :  the  date  of  this  screen  is  about  1460. 

The  figures  at  Cawston  are  twenty  in  number.  On  the 
right-hand  side,  facing  East,  are  St.  James  the  Less,  St. 
Bartholomew,  St.  Philip,  St.  Simon,  St.  Jude,  St.  Matthew, 
St.  Matthias,  John  Schorn. 

On  the  left,  St.  Peter,  St.  Paul,  St.  Andrew,  St.  James  the 
Greater,  St.  John,  St.  Thomas,  St.  Helena,  St.  Agnes. 

And  on  the  doors  are  the  four  doctors  of  the  church :  St. 
Ambrose,  St.  Jerome,  St.  Gregory,  and  St.  Augustine. 

At  Gateley  the  doors  no  longer  exist ;  and  the  figures  are 
eight.  The  four  on  the  right  hand  are  a  Pope,  Henry  VI., 
a  Bishop,   and   John   Schorn.     On  the  left,  four  females : 


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S*\  Adria,  S^*.  Elizabeth,  S".  Maria,  and  S«*.  Puella*  Ridi- 
bown ;  and  all  are  of  inferior  merit  to  those  at  Cawston. 

*  This  Saint  was  probably  named  after  the  same  Ridibone  mentioned  in 
the  yerses  of  Hejwood ;  but  the  precise  locality  can  only  be  a  matter  of 
conjecture,  there  being  four  places  in  England  of  a  similar  name, — Radboum, 
Warwickshire;  Radboume,  Derbyshire ;  Redboum, Herts;  and  Redboume, 
Lincolnshire. 

Redboum,  in  Hertfordshire,  was  a  place  of  extraordinary  sanctity,  the 
alleged  reliques  of  St.  Amphibalus  (St.  Alban's  instructor)  having  been 
fotmd  there  in  the  year  1178.  Before  they  teere  translated  to  St,  Albania, 
seyeral  wonderful  miracles  are  said  to  haye  been  wrought.  A  girl  (puella J, 
for  instance,  of  fifteen  years  of  age,  who  had  been  a  cripple  from  her  birth, 
was  at  once  restored  to  health  and  activity. — {Matthia  Paris,  Hist.  M<yor, 
Edit.  Wats,  p.  135.) 

At  a  much  later  period, — viz.  in  the  year  1344, — it  is  said  that  a  damsel 
(puella)  falling  into  a  mill-stream  near  this  place,  passed  under  the  wheel, 
and  was  taken  out  lifeless ;  yet,  having  none  of  her  bones  broken,  she  was, 
according  to  the  legend,  restored  to  life  through  the  instrumentality  of  St. 
Alban,  invoked  by  her  disconsolate  parents  in  their  distress. —(TTa^tn^Aam, 
Edit.  Francofurti,  1603,  p.  164.) 

That  one  of  the  damsels,  thus  miraculously  restored,  may  haye  subse- 
quently deyoted  herself  to  a  religious  life,  and  acquired  a  place  in  the  local 
calendar,  as  "  Sancta  Puella  lUdiboton,**  is  at  least  by  no  means  impossible ; 
and  this  is  the  best  conjecture  that  I  haye  to  offer,  in  the  absence  of  any 
positive  evidence.  The  objects  of  miraculous  interference  were,  in  the 
middle  ages,  not  unfrequently  raised  to  the  dignity  of  Saints,  St.  Lazarus 
and  St.  Longinus  being  two  examples  which  occur  to  my  recollection. 

At  Redboum,  Herts,  was  a  cell  of  Benedictine  monks  (connected  with  the 
mitred  Abbey  of  St.  Aiban's)  ;  and  the  Priory  church  was  richly  furnished 
with  reliques,  as  may  be  seen  by  a  reference  to  Dugdale's  Monasticon. 


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$ro\)ert)fii« 


ADAGES    AND    POPULAR    SUPERSTITIONS, 

STILL  F&ESEBYED 

IN    THE    PARISH    OF   IRSTEAD. 

OOKKUHICATBD  BT 

THE    EEVEKEND    JOHN    GUNN, 
l&cctor  of  ^  ^artol^. 


After  the  luminous  and  comprehensive  dissertation  upon 
the  Superstitions,  Old  Customs,  Saws,  and  Proverbs  of  East 
Anglia,  subjoined  by  Mr.  Forby  to  his  Vocabulary ,  a  fear  may 
be  justly  entertained  lest  any  attempt  to  add  to  his  labours 
should  be  considered  unnecessary,  if  not  presumptuous. 

But  it  must  be  observed  that  what  is  now  offered  to  our 
Society  is,  if  not  of  a  different  description,  yet  altogether 
upon  a  different  scale.  The  traditions  of  a  single  Parish^ 
retained  in  the  memory  of  a  single  individual^  are  all  that  I 
tender;  yet  even  these  may  deserve  to  be  recorded.  It  is 
not  only  that,  as  the  earth  is  composed  of  atoms  and  the  sea 
of  drops,  so  likewise,  in  matters  of  a  most  dissimilar  nature, 
a  whole  can  only  be  formed  by  the  collection  of  detailed 
minutiae ;  but  what  is  here  attempted  to  be  preserved  is  of  a 
nature  peculiarly  liable  to  be  lost.  And  it  is  singular  that 
very  few  of  the  Proverbs,  &c.,  derived  from  Mrs.  Lubbock, 
(which  for  brevity's  sake  I  will  call  "  her  Sayings,")  are  in 
Mr.  Forby's  East  Anglian  Collection, — a  smaller  proportion 
than  is   to  be  found  in  other  CoUections  made  in  distant 


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places.  I  venture  therefore  to  send  them ;  in  the  hope  that, 
although  they  be  only  the  dicta  of  an  old  washerwoman,  they 
may  contribute  to  the  amusement  of  the  Members  of  our 
Society. 

They  have  been  faithfully  committed  to  writing  from  time 
to  time,  just  as  they  fell  from  her  mouth,  as  nearly  as  possible 
in  her  own  racy  language ;  and,  though  now  known  to  few 
besides  herself,  they  are  strictly  traditional,  having  been 
handed  down  from  generation  to  generation.  When  asked 
how  she  came  by  them,  she  replied  that  she  learned  them, 
when  a  child,  of  her  father,  who  was  very  fond  of  old 
proverbs. 

From  their  traditional  origin,  and  still  more  from  their 
being  founded  on  observation,  and  from  the  universality  of 
the  subjects  they  apply  to,  it  was  reasonable  to  suppose  that 
they  were  not  confined  to  this  neighbourhood,  but  circulated 
in  other  places.  And  such,  as  already  hinted,  is  the  case: 
their  range  is  in  many  instances  very  wide ;  for  not  only  are 
several  of  them, — among  others,  that  relating  to  the  moult- 
ing of  the  cock  and  hen, — embodied  among  the  Adages  and 
Proverbs  corrected  and  arranged  by  Mr.  Ainslabie  Denham, 
privately  printed  at  Newcastle ;  but,  what  would  less  be  an- 
ticipated, some  of  the  sayings  of  the  Irstead  washerwoman 
are  to  be  seen  in  a  foreign  publication,  entitled  L^ Annie  de 
PAncienne  Belgique,  par  le  Docteur  Goremans.* 

The  prophecy  of  the  man  with  three  thumbs,  Mr.  Ewing 
recognised  as  one  of  Nixon's ;  with  this  variation,  that  he 
should  hold  the  horses  of  three  kings  in  the  battle,  (for 
which  the  singular  conformation  of  hand  is  clearly  designed,) 
instead  of  one  only,  as  mentioned  by  Mrs.  Lubbock. 

The  prophecies  attributed  to  Mother  Shipton  are  most 
widely  diffused.  Yorkshire  is  reputed  to  have  been  her 
native  county;  but  there  is  scarcely  a  place  in  which  her 

*  For  this  mterestmg  infonnation  I  am  indebted  to  Miss  Qumey,  of 
Kortlurepps  Cottage.    The  work  was  published  at  Brussels,  1S42. 


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vaticinations  are  not  known ;  and  generally  they  have  refer- 
ence^ as  is  the  case  with  those  about  Bromholm  Priory ^  &c.y 
to  the  immediate  locality  in  which  they  are  current.  Mother 
Shipton,  if  indeed  she  had  a  real  existence,  must  either  have 
been  gifted  with  ubiquity  and  superhuman  powers  of  locomo- 
tion ;  or  else  she  may  be  considered  "  a  very  Hercules  of 
sayings;"  for  her  name  has  served  as  a  hook  to  hang  them 
on;  just  as  that  of  the  demigod  formed  a  nucleus  for  the 
collection  of  marvellous  exploits. 

Some,  also,  of  Mrs.  Lubbock's  proverbs  are  printed  by 
Fuller  and  Ray.  The  propriety  of  republishing  these  may 
be  questioned;  but  I  hope  the  Society  will  agree  with  the 
foUowing  remarks  of  Sir  Francis  Palgrave,  in  a  letter  to 
Mr.  Dawson  Turner : — ^^'Mrs.  Lubbock  makes  her  saws  Nor- 
folk, because  she  is  Norfolk;  and  it  would  be  a  thousand 
pities  to  lose  them.  Never  mind  that  spirit  of  refinement 
which  would  reject  them.  If  they  are  similar  to  any  already 
published,  that  makes  no  difference.  They  are  historical 
monuments  of  the  subsistence  of  an  ancient  Ethos  with  a 
single  individual." 

It  has  been  suggested  to  me,  tjiat  it  would  be  desirable  to 
add,  by  way  of  introduction,  some  particulars  of  her  history. 
It  is  comprised  in  the  Parish  Register-Books  of  births, 
marriages,  and  deaths,  where, 

**  To  be  bom  and  die, 
Of  rich  and  poor  makes  aU  the  history." 

Education  she  had  none ;  but,  as  is  usual,  her  memory  and 
imagination  have  been  exercised  the  more  on  that  account. 
In  the  year  1813  she  was  left  a  widow,  with  several  children; 
and  she  has  since  maintained  herself  by  carrying  on  the 
humble  occupation  already  mentioned.  That  employment 
she  still  continues,  in  her  eightieth  year ;  declaring  that  she 
would  ^*  rather  die  in  a  ditch  than  go  into  the  workhouse ; " 
and  such  is  her  spirit  of  independence,  that  she  manifested 

VOL.    II.  X 


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some  unwillingness  to  receive  even  out-door  relief,  till  com- 
pelled by  the  severe  winter  of  1846,  which,  she  observed, 
made  her  sick  for  crumbs,  like  the  birds.  Her  very  retentive 
memory  she  preserves,  at  her  advanced  age.  She  is  *^  full  of 
wise  saws  and  modern  instances ;"  and  can  repeat  numerous 
anecdotes  and  poems  of  considerable  length,  with  good 
emphasis,  as  well  as  great  accuracy.  Her  intellect  is  still 
vigorous  and  powerful.  I  will  not,  however,  add  more  by 
way  of  preface  ;  but  will  beg  leave  to  append  in  a  postscript 
a  few  remarks,  which  the  perusal  of  her  Sayings  suggests. 


SAINTS'    DAYS,    &c. 

Candlemaa. 

**  Candlemas  Day,  the  good  housewife's  goose  lay, 
Yalentme  Day,*  youn  and  mine  may." 

**  If  Candlemas  Day  be  fair  and  clear, 
The  shepherd  would  rather  see  his  wife  on  a  bier." 

<<  As  far  as  the  sun  shines  into  the  cottage  on  Candlemas  Day, 
So  far  will  the  snow  blow  in,  afore  Old  May." 

"  The  former  should  have  on  Candlemas  Day 
Half  his  turnips  and  half  his  hay." 

«  You  should,  on  Candlemas  Day, 
Throw  candle  and  candlestick  away." 

**  At  least,"  says  Mrs.  Lubbock,  "  all  good  housewives  do ; 

for  'tis  a  shame  to  burn  a  candle  after  Candlemas  Day." 

"  At  Candlemas 
The  cold  comes  to  us." 

**  When  Candlemas  Day  is  come  and  gone. 
The  snow  won't  lie  on  a  hot  stone." 


•  « Valentine's  Day,"  (Mrs.  Lubbock  says,)  **  used  in  old  times,  and  ought 
still,  to  be  held  on  the  13th,  and  not  on  the  14th  of  February." 


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St.  Matthias'  Day. 

"  If  the  bushes  hang  of  a  drop  before  sunrise,  it  will  be  a 
dropping  season.  If  the  bushes  be  dry,  we  may  look  for  a 
dry  summer.  In  1845,  the  bushes  hung  of  a  drop ;  and  it 
was  a  very  rainy  summer.  In  1846,  the  bushes  were  quite 
dry ;  and  the  summer  was  unusually  so."  * 

"  St.  Matthias'  Day  is  called  the  Farmer's  Day." 


'*  So  many  frosts  in  March, 
So  many  frosts  in  May." 


Saint  Mark's  Eve. 

"  The  Brakes  now  drop  their  seed  at  midnight.  The  top 
rolls  up  quite  close,  and  the  seed  falls." 

She  maintaiiis  that  there  are  three  plants  which  never 
flower,  —  the  Brake,  the  smooth  Burdock,  and  the  rank 
Nettle. 

Robert  Stafl^,  who  formerly  kept  the  Maid's  Head  Inn  at 
Stalham,  opposite  to  the  church,  told  Mrs.  Lubbock  that  he 
and  two  other  men  had  been  able  to  tell  who  were  going  to 
die  or  to  be  married  in  the  course  of  the  year.  They  watched 
the  church  porch,  opposite  to  the  house,  on  St.  Mark's  Eve. 
Those  who  were  to  die  went  into  the  church  singly,  and 
stayed  there ;  and  those  who  were  to  be  married  went  in  in 
couples,  and  came  out  again ;  and  this  Staff  had  seen.  Mrs. 
Lubbock  has  often  heard  him  say  so;  but  he  would  never 
tell  anybody  who  were  to  die  or  to  be  married,  *^for  he  did 
not  watch  with  that  intent." 

Thus  we  read  in  V Annie  de  FAncienne  Belgique, — "  On 
dit  que  celui  qui  va,  la  nuit  de  St.  Marc,  sur  le  portail 
d'une  ^glise,  entre  minuit  et  une  heure,  voit  les  esprits  de 
ceux  qui,  en  son  endroit,  devront  mourir  pendant  I'ann^e." 

•  This  rule  has  held  true,  to  her  knowledge,  for  the  last  twenty-fiye  years. 

X  2 


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Good  Friday. 

^^  If  work  be  done  on  that  day,  it  will  be  so  unlucky  that 
it  will  all  have  to  be  done  over  again." 

Christmas  Day, 

"  On  Christmas  Eve,  at  midnight,  the  cows  and  cattle  rise 
and  turn  to  the  east;  and  the  horses  in  the  stable,  as  far 
as  their  halters  will  permit  them.  A  horse  will  always  rise 
with  his  forepart  first;  a  cow  with  her  hindpart  first.  On 
Christmas  Eve  the  horse  will,  on  rising,  stay  some  time 
on  his  knees,  and  move  his  head  about,  and  blow  over  the 
manger."  (Here  she  imitated  the  movement  of  the  horse's 
head  to  and  fro,  and  the  noise  the  animal  makes  on  the  oc- 
casion.) 

She  says  that  Mr.  Robert  Edrich,  of  Irstead,  farmer,  once 
when  she  was  present,  on  observing  this  reverent  demeanour 
of  his  horses,  exclaimed,  *^  Ah !  they  have  more  wit  than  we." 

She  laments  that  the  change  firom  the  old  to  the  new  style, 
and  "the  want  of  the  former  days  being  observed  at  the 
present  time,  makes  the  old  ones  wear  out." 

When  she  lived  with  Mr.  Bourne  at  Briggate,  about  1781, 
her  master  kept  new  Christmas  Day,  according  to  the  law  of 
the  land ;  but  on  old  Christmas  Day,  nobody  ever  worked ; 
and  the  labouring  men,  women,  and  children,  had  a  dinner 
given  them. 

"Once,"  she  says,  "she  recollects  there  being  much  ar- 
gimient  about  which  was  the  real  Christmas  Day, — the  old 
or  the  new;  and  in  order  to  settle  the  point,  some  men  at 
Forster's  public-house  in  Homing,  where  they  were  holding 
a  purse-club  dinner,  on  the  former  of  these  days,  agreed  to 
decide  which  it  was,  by  observing  the  flowering  of  the  Rose- 
mary. Three  of  them  went  out  and  gathered  a  bimch  at 
eleven  o'clock  at  night.     It  was  then  in  bud.     They  threw 


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it  upon  the  table  in  another  room^  and  did  not  look  at  it  until 
after  midnight,  when  they  went  in,  and  found  the  blooms  just 
dropping  off."  The  Rosemary,  she  has  heard  her  mother 
say,  used  to  flower  on  old  Christmas  Day. 

The  Weather^  8fc. 

"When  a  sundog  comes  on  the  South  side  of  the  sun,  there 
will  be  fair  weather ;  when  on  the  North  side,  there  will  be 
foul.  The  sun  then  fares  to  be  right  muddled,  and  crammed 
down  by  the  dog."* 

'*  Saturday's  new  and  Sunday's  full 
Never  was  good,  and  never  wuU.** 

"  If  you  see  the  old  moon  with  the  new,  there  will  be 
stormy  weather." 

"  If  it  rains  on  a  Sunday  before  Mass, 
It  rains  all  the  week,  more  or  less." 

"  If  it  rains  on  a  Sunday  before  the  church  doors  are  open, 
it  will  rain  all  the  week,  more  or  less  ;  or  else  we  shall  have 
three  rainy  Sundays." 

"  If  it  rains  the  first  Thursday  after  the  moon  comes  in,  it 
will  rain,  more  or  less,  all  the  while  the  moon  lasts;  especially 
on  Thursdays." 

*^If  there  be  bad  weather,  and  the  sun  does  not  shine 
all  the  week,  it  will  always  show  forth  some  time  on  the 
Satui-day." 

"  This  will  not  be,"  said  Mrs.  Lubbock,  in  October,  1846, 
*^  a  hard  winter ;  because  it  has  been  a  good  year  only  for  the 
squirrel  and  the  hedgehog :  no  hips  nor  haws ;  nothing  but 
acorns." 

"If  Noah's  ark  sJiow  many  days  together,  there  will  be  foul 
weather.  It  shew  last  February,  forty  days ;  and,  after  that, 
the  weather  was  very  bad,  wet,  and  stormy." 

*  The  Dog  consists  of  two  black  spots,  which,  Mrs.  Lubbock  says,  can  be 
seen  with  the  naked  eye ;  but  it  hurts  her's  to  look  at  them. 


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"  On  three  nights  of  the  year,  it  never  lightens'*  (t.e,  clears 
up)  "  anywhere ;  and  if  a  man  could  know  those  nights,  he 
would  not  turn  a  dog  out." 

Mrs.  Lubbock  is  in  the  habit  of  making  inquiries  about  the 
signs  of  the  weather  and  of  the  times ;  and  the  other  day,  as 
her  own  sight  would  not  allow  her  to  ascertain  the  fact,  she 
asked  a  person  whether  there  were  any  ash-keys ;  adding, 
that  when  they  failed,  there  would  be  a  change  in  the  Go- 
yernment,  and  great  disturbances;  and  that  there  had  not 
been  a  failure  of  them  for  sixty  years.  (N.B.  There  are 
very  few  this  year,  1848.) 

She  inquired  also  of  Mr.  Edrich,  if  his  cock  had  moulted, 
and  requested  him  to  make  out  whether  the  cock  or  the  hen 
moulted  first;  with  reference  to  which  she  repeated  the 
following  lines : 

"  If  the  hen  moult  before  the  cock, 
We  get  a  winter  as  hard  as  a  rock. 
If  the  cock  moult  before  the  hen, 
We  get  a  winter  like  a  spiing." 

**  We  shall  have  a  severe  winter,"  she  said,  October  19th, 
1848,  '*  because  the  swallow  and  the  martin  took  such  pains 
to  learn  their  young  ones  to  fly.  They  are  going  a  long 
journey,  to  get  away  from  the  cold  that  is  coming.  'Tis 
singular  that  they  should  know  this  ;  but  they  do." 

"  The  weather  will  be  fine,"  she  says,  "  while  the  rooks 
play  pitch-halfpenny."  "Nonsense!  Mrs.  Lubbock,"  a  person 
observed,  "  they  have  not  a  halfpenny  among  them."  "  'Tis 
all  the  same,"  (she  rejoined) :  "  'tis  their  intrust ;"  (interest, 
i,  e.  gain.)  "  They  were  flying  in  flocks,  and  some  of  them 
would  stoop  down  and  pick  up  worms,  imitating  the  action  of 
a  boy  playing  pitch-halfpenny;  and  this  picking  up  the  worms 
is  their  interest." 

In  August,  1846,  she  prophesied  there  would  be  a  severe 
winter  and  deep  snow,  because  of  the  large  "  snow  banks  " 
(t.  €,  white  fleecy  clouds)  "  which  hung  about  the  sky."     In 


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1845,  she  knew  there  would  be  a  failure  in  some  crop,  "be- 
cause the  evening  star  rode  so  low.  The  leading  star  (e.  e. 
the  last  star  in  the  Bear's  Tail)  was  above  it  all  the  summer." 
She  feared  the  failure  would  have  been  in  the  wheat,  till 
she  saw  the  man^s  face  in  it;  and  then  she  was  comfortable, 
and  did  not  think  of  any  other  crop;  but  afterwards  she 
found  that  the  potatoes  were  blighted.  She  is  of  opinion 
that  the  potatoe-blight  was  caused  by  lightning,  because  the 
turf  burnt  so  sulphur otisly.  "The  lightning,"  she  says, 
"  carries  a  burr  round  the  moon,  and  makes  the  roke  rise 
in  the  marshes,  and  smell  strong." 

On  one  occasion,  when  a  complaint  was  made  to  her  that 
the  linen  which  she  sent  home,  after  washing  it,  was  damp; 
or,  from  the  sensation  it  caused  the  wearer,  rather  clammy ; 
she  maintaiacd,  she  was  "sure  it  was  wholesome;  for  she 
put  plenty  of  salt  in,  to  keep  the  thunder  out."  There  is 
reason  to  believe,  from  some  hints  which  she  let  fall  as  to 
"bad  things  being  about,"  that  the  salt  was  employed  by 
her  to  avert  foul  spirits,  as  well  as  to  counteract  the  ill  effects 
of  the  atmosphere.  This  anecdote  might,  therefore,  with 
propriety,  have  been  placed  under  the  head  which  next 
follows. 

Jack  0*  Lantern  and  Evil  Spirits. 

"  Before  the  Irstead  Enclosure  in  1810,  Jack  o'  Lantern 
was  frequently  seen  here  on  a  roky  night,  and  almqst  always 
at  a  place  called  Heard's  Holde,  in  Alder  Carr  Fen  Broad, 
on  the  Neatishead  side,  where  a  man  of  that  name,  who  was 
guilty  of  some  unmentionable  crimes,  was  drowned.*  I  have 
often  seen  it  there,  rising  up  and  falling,  and  twistering 
about,  and  then  up  again.  It  looked  exactly  like  a  candle 
in  a  lantern." 

She  evidently  connected  the  "  ignis  fatuus "  in  that  spot 
with  the  unhappy  man's  spirit,  as  if  it  were  stiU  hovering 
about;  and  Jack  o'  Lantern  was,  in  her  apprehension,  endued 


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with  volition  and  intelligence;  for  she  affirms^  that  ^4f  any 
one  were  walking  along  the  road  with  a  lantern,  at  the  time 
when  he  appeared,  and  did  not  put  out  the  light  imme- 
diately. Jack  would  come  against  it  and  dash  it  to  pieces  ; 
and  that  a  gentleman,  who  made  a  mock  of  him  and  called 
him  Will  of  the  Wisp,  was  riding  on  horseback  one  evening 
in  the  adjoining  parish  of  Horning,  when  he  came  at  him 
and  knocked  him  off  his  horse." 

She  remembers,  when  a  child,  hearing  her  father  say,  that 
"he  was  returning  home  from  a  large"  (largess)  "money- 
spending  at  the  finishing  of  harvest,  in  company  with  an 
old  man,  who  whistled  and  jeered  at  Jack;  but  he  followed 
them  all  the  way  home,  and  when  they  entered  the  house  he 
torched  up  at  the  windows." 

"The  Neatishead  people  were  desirous  to  lay  Heard's 
spirit,  so  annoyed  were  they  by  it;  for  it  came  at  certain 
times  and  to  certain  places  which  he  frequented  when  alive. 
Three  gentlemen"  (she  could  not  tell  who  or  what  they 
were,  she  supposed  they  were  learned)  "attempted  to  lay  the 
ghost,  by  reading  verses  of  Scripture.  But  he  always  kept  a 
verse  ahead  of  them.  And  they  could  do  nothing,  till  a  boy 
brought  a  couple  of  pigeons,  and  laid  them  down  before  him. 
He  looked  at  them  an^  lost  his  verse ;  and  then  they  bound 
his  spirit." 

"  —  Finch,  of  Neatishead,  was  walking  in  the  road  after 
dark,  and  saw  a  dog,  which  he  thought  was  Dick  AUard's, 
that  had  snapped  and  snarled  at  him  several  times.  Thinks 
he,  *  you  have  upset  me  two  or  three  times ;  I  will  upset  you 
now.  You  will  not  turn  out  of  the  road  for  me  ;  and  I  will 
not  turn  out  of  the  road  for  you.'  Along  came  the  dog, 
straight  in  the  middle  of  the  road,  and  Finch  kicked  at  him ; 
and  his  foot  went  through  him,  as  through  a  sheet  of  paper : 
he  could  compare  it  to  nothing  else.  He  was  quite  as- 
tounded, and  nearly  fell  backwards  from  the  force  of  the 
kick:" 


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Mrs.  Lubbock  has  beard  that  the  spirits  of  the  dead  haunt 
the  places  where  treasures  were  hid  by  them  when  in  the 
body ;  and  that  those  of  the  Roman  Catholics  still  frequent 
the  spots  where  their  remains  were  disturbed^  and  their 
graves  and  monuments  destroyed. 

2%c  Cuckoo. 

There  will  be  a  fine  harvest  this  year,"  (1847,)  she  says, 
"because  the  cuckoo,  on  the  last  week  before  he  left,  was 
topping  the  oaks,  a  chattering  and  a  cuckooing  about.  That  is 
a  sure  sign  of  good ;  and  I  like  to  see  him  do  so :  when  bad 
is  coming,  he  sings  low  among  the  bushes,  and  can  scarcely 
get  his  cuckoo  out.  In  the  last  week  before  he  leaves,  he 
always  tells  all  that  will  happen  in  the  course  of  the  year, 
till  he  comes  again, — all  the  shipwrecks,  storms,  accidents, 
and  everything." 

"  If  any  one  be  about  to  die  suddenly,  or  to  lose  a  rela- 
tion, he  will  light  upon  touchwood,  or  a  rotten  bough,  and 
cuckoo.  He  foretold  Mr.  Ward's  fire  at  Irstead,  in  1844." 
Mrs.  Lubbock  at  that  time  knew  there  would  be  a  fire  some- 
where, and  looked  for  it;  but  she  did  not  know  where  it 
was  to  take  place,  till  after  the  event. 

"The  cuckoo,"  she  adds,  "  is  always  here  three  months,  to 
a  day.  He  stands  to  the  very  day,  and  sings  all  the  while. 
The  first  of  April  is  the  proper  time  for  his  coming;  and 
when  he  comes  then,  there  is  sure  to  be  a  good  and  an  early 
harvest.  If  he  does  not  come  till  May,  then  the  harvest  is 
into  October.  If  he  sings  long  after  Midsummer,  there  will 
be  a  Michaelmas  harvest."  (t.  e.  one  that  lasts  till  Michael- 
mas.) 

"  If  any  one  hears  the  cuckoo's  first  note,  when  in  bed, 
there  is  sure  to  be  illness  or  death  to  him  or  one  of  his 
famUy." 


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At  the  suggestion  of  a  member  of  our  Society,  some  ques- 
tions were  put  to  Mrs.  Lubbock  about  crowing  hens  and 
howling  dogs ;  and  the  following  answers  and  remarks  were 
elicited. 

The  Crowing  Hen. 

Q,  "  Do  you  know  any  old  sa3dngs  about  a  crowing  hen  ?" 
A.  "Oh!  yes:— 

*'  Them  that  ever  mind  the  world  to  win, 
Must  hare  a  black  cat,  a  howling  dog,  and  a  crowing  hen." 

Q.  "  Is  a  crowing  hen  a  sign  that  a  death  will  take  place 
in  the  family  ?'*• 

A.  '*  No,  I  never  heard  that  it  was.  My  own  hen  crows  : 
I  don't  like  lo  hear  her,  and  I  throw  something  at  her  when 
she  docs;  for  I  think  the  cock  ought  to  crow,  and  not  the 
hen  :  but  I  don't  know  that  there  is  any  harm  in  it." 


The  Howling  Dog, 

With  reference  to  the  howling  dog,  she  says,  "Pull  off  your 
left-foot  shoe,  and  turn  it ;  and  it  will  quiet  him.  I  always 
used  to  do  so  when  I  was  at  service.  I  hated  to  hear  the 
dogs  howl.  There  was  no  tax  then,  and  the  farmers  kept  a 
heap  of  them." 

Q.  "  Did  you  quiet  them  by  turning  the  shoe  ?" 

A,  "  Yes !  They  won't  howl  three  times  after.  I  am 
much  troubled,"  (she  added,)  "  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Dix's  dog, 
howling  in  the  night,  across  the  water,  in  the  parish  of  Nea- 
tishead." 

Q.  "  What  do  you  do  when  you  are  in  bed,  and  have  no 
shoe  on?" 

♦  Such  is  a  prevalent  notion  in  many  parts  of  England.  In  Ireland,  a 
friend  informs  me,  a  crowing  hen  is  doomed  to  instant  death,  as  ominous  of 
evil. 


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A.  "  I  turn  the  shoe  upside  down,  by  the  bed's  side ;  and 
that  stops  the  dog." 

The  gende  reader  must  here  presume,  (as  Mrs.  Lubbock's 
veracity  is  unimpeachable,)  either  that  dogs  are  so  quieted,  or 
that  she  herself  is  composed  to  sleep  before  the  third  howl ; 
or  else  that  her  faith  in  the  remedy  is  so  strong  as  to  render 
her  insensible  to  its  failure. 


Thrift 

The  other  day,  on  my  settling  an  account  with  her,  and 

paying  her  the  balance  of  a  few  pence,  she  observed  that  she 

well  remembered  hearing  her  father  say, 

'*  If  youth  could  know  what  age  do  crave, 
Sights  of  pennies  youth  would  save." 

On  another  occasion,  she  remarked, 

"  They  that  wive 
Between  sickle  and  scythe 
Shall  never  thrive." 

"  John  Knight  and  Elizabeth  Palmer,  were  married  about 
forty  years  ago,  in  the  harvest-time.  He  came  into  the  har- 
vest-field on  that  day  ;  and  they  never  thrived." 


The  Prophecies  of  Mother  Shipton,  and  of  Mother  Bunchy  her 
sister y  (who  was  bom  on  St.  Anthony* s  Day,)  as  remembered 
and  repeated  by  Mrs.  Lubbock, 

"  They  prophecied  from  the  beginning  of  the  world,  what 
should  hold  to  the  end." 

"  Mrs.  Shipton  foretold  that  the  time  should  come  when 
ships  should  go  without  sails,  and  carriages  without  horses ; 
and  the  sun  should  shine  upon  hills  that  never  see  the  sun 


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before."  All  which  is  fulfiUed^  Mrs.  Lubbock  thinks^  by 
steamers^  railways,  and  cuttings  through  hills^  which  let  in 
upon  them  the  light  of  the  sun. 

'^Mrs.  Shipton  also  foretold  that  we  should  know  the 
summer  from  the  winter  only  by  the  green  leaves  :  it  should 
be  so  cold." 
Again,— 

**That  Chischick  Chuich  should  be  a  bam, 
And  Biomholm  Priory  a  fiEurm ; 

"And,  about  threescore  years  ago,  the  barn,  which  was 
formerly  (Chischick,  i.e.)  Keswick  Church,  was  pulled  down. 
Bromholm  Priory  is  now  a  farm." 

^'  That  the  Roman  Catholics  shall  have  this  country  again, 
and  make  England  a  nice  place  once  more.  But,  as  for  these 
folks,  they  neither  know  how  to  build  a  church  nor  yet  a 
steeple." 

"  That  England  shall  be  won  and  lost  three  times  in  one 
day;  and  that,  principally,  through  an  embargo  to  be  laid 
upon  vessels." 

"That  there  is  to  come  a  man  who  shall  have  three  thumbs 
on  one  hand,  who  is  to  hold  the  king's  horse  in  the  battle. 
He  is  to  be  born  in  London,  and  to  be  a  miller  by  business. 
The  battle  is  to  be  fought  at  Backheath-Stone  Hill,  on  the 
Norwich  road.  Ravens  shall  carry  the  blood  away,  it  will  be 
so  clotted." 

"  That  the  men  are  to  be  killed  ;  so  that  one  man  shall  be 
left  to  seven  women.  And  the  daughters  shall  come  home, 
and  say  to  their  mothers,  'Lawk,  mother,  I  have  seen  a  man!' 
The  women  shall  have  to  finish  the  harvest." 

"  That  the  town  of  Yarmouth  shall  become  a  nettle-bush. 
That  the  bridges  shall  be  puUed  up  ;  and  small  vessels  sail  to 
Irstead  and  Barton  Broads." 

"  That  blessed  are  they  that  live  near  Potter  Heigham,  and 
double-blessed  them  that  live  in  it."  (That  parish  seems 
destined  to  be  the  scene  of  some  great  and  glorious  events.) 


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Fairies. 


"  There  used,"  Mrs.  Lubbocks  says,  "  to  be  Fairies  in  old 
times.     There  are  no  such  things  now." 

^'  In  the  parish  of  Dilham  there  is  a  deep  hole,  called 
^  Seagar-ma-hole.'  This  was  held  to  be  a  Fairies'  Bay.  A 
church,  which  stood  upon  the  spot,  is  said  to  have  been  sunk 
in  it;  and  several  oxen,  which  ventured  upon  it  when  the 
rushes  began  to  grow  over  its  surface,  were  swallowed  up." 

Historical. 

"  King  John  cleared  the  crown  of  leather  money.  First, 
he  ixsed  it  when  there  was  not  money  enough  to  carry  on 
business  with ;  and  then  he  cried  it  down  when  he  hadj^got  a 
supply  of  proper  money.  The  people  considered  him  rather 
silly;  but  he  had  sense  enough  to  do  that."  She  remembers, 
when  a  child,  playing  with  King  John's  leather  money.  It 
was  stamped,  like  gingerbread;  and  of  the  shape  of  gun- 
wadding. 

"  A  saying  about  King  John  was,  that  he  had  two  apples  ; 
and  he  ate  one,  and  kept  the  other  for  himself." 


The  superstitious  infirmities,  to  which,  apparently,  Mrs. 
Lubbock  is  subject,  may  possibly  lead  some  persons  to 
question  whether  she  is  possessed  of  the  degree  of  intellect 
for  which  I  have  given  her  credit.  In  answer,  it  may  be 
observed,  that  such  notions  as  she  appears  to  entertain  con- 
tinue prevalent  in  East  Norfolk  to  a  greater  extent  than  is 
generally  supposed.  Among  other  things,  the  number  of 
horse-sho^  still  attached  to  doors  and  wells,  and  almost  in- 
variably to  fishing-boats,  attest  the  correctness  of  this  state- 


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ment.  I  say  East  Norfolk,  because  that  is  the  limited  field 
of  my*  observation ;  but  probably  it  is  the  same  in  other  parts 
of  England ;  for  Mr.  Joseph  Hunter,  in  the  course  of  an  in- 
teresting discussion  of  such  topics,  at  the  late  meeting  of  the 
Archffiological  Institute  at  Norwich,  informed  me  that,  in 
an  excursion  made  by  some  antiquaries  in  the  environs  of 
London,  no  fewer  than  thirty-six  horseshoes  were  counted  in 
one  day. 

In  this  neighbourhood,  my  own  experience  enables  me  to 
state  that  the  popular  belief  in  spirits  and  witches  is  far  from 
extinct. 

To  mention  a  few  instances  in  proof  of  this  assertion.  The 
marvellous  account  of  a  carriage  drawn  by  headless  horses 
at  the  seat  of  the  Fastolfs,  Caistor  Castle,  is  not  yet  utterly 
discarded.  Near  Northrepps,  I  am  credibly  informed,  that 
a  sound,  sea- worthy  fishing-boat  was  lately  burnt,  "  stick  and 
stem,"  solely  because  it  was  held  to  be  bewitched.  A  com- 
plaint was  recently  lodged  before  the  bench  of  magistrates  at 
Cromer,  by  a  poor  woman  who  was  employed  in  carrying  a 
letter-bag  along  the  coast,  against  some  boys  who  pelted  her 
with  stones,  and  were  not  satisfied  till  they  had  "  drawn 
blood,"  as  they  said,  *^from  the  old  witch."  This  was  alleged 
to  be  necessary,  in  order  to  free  those  whom  she  had  be- 
witched from  her  spell,  and  to  prevent  her  doing  further 
mischief.  Applications  have  often  been  made  to  me  for 
advice,  by  persons  feeling  themselves  aggrieved  by  the  im- 
putation of  sorcery.  In  one  instance,  a  labourer  asked  me 
what  steps  he  should  take  to  protect  his  wife  from  being  called 
a  witch.  I  persuaded  him  to  let  her  treat  the  matter  with 
contempt,  and  he  resolved  to  do  so ;  but,  a  few  days  after, 
he  came  to  me  in  great  agitation  of  mind,  and  declared  that 
he  could  bear  it  no  longer,  for  the  people  called  his  children 
"  devilings."  I  have  also  known  a  farmer  to  complain  of  an 
old  woman's  having  an  evil  eye,  and  of  her  having  fatally 


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bewitched  some  of  his  horses  and  pigs,  as  they  passed  her 
on  the  road. 

The  ordinary  form  which  spirits  are  said  to  assume  in  East 
Norfolk,  is  that  of  the  Phantom-Dog,  stated  by  Mrs.  Lub- 
bock to  be  a  headless  dog,  with  saucer  eyes,  who  is  said  to 
pass  nightly  over  Coltishall  Bridge ;  while  another,  "  Old 
Shuck"  by  name,  travels  between  Beeston  and  Overstrand, 
the  terror  of  the  neighbourhood.  A  lane  in  the  latter  parish 
is  called,  after  him,  '^  Shuck's  Lane."  Such  is  the  usual  form 
in  which  spirits  are  embodied ;  but  they  occasionally  appear 
in  other  shapes ;  and  I  have  heard  a  person  say,  that  he 
had  seen  what  he  was  unable  to  describe — "a  very  ugly 
picture." 

I  mention  these  particulars,  to  show  that  my  venerable 
washerwoman  is  by  no  means  solitary  in  her  opinions  on 
such  subjects. 

Her  observations  of  the  signs  of  the  weather  are  usually 
to  be  relied  upon;  and,  in  some  instances,  they  have  been 
singularly  verified.  The  approach  of  the  terrific  hail-storm 
in  1843  was  foreseen  by  her;  and  she  previously  gathered 
some  of  her  children  and  grandchildren  together,  and  they 
remained  in  her  cottage  during  the  night. 

Her  upright  carriage  and  general  air,  might  suggest  a 
portrait  of  *'Noma  of  the  Fitful  Head;"  and  her  long- 
stored  observations  realize  that  honoured  state  described  by 
Milton, 

**  When  old  experience  doth  attain 
To  something  like  prophetic  strain." 

But  her  venerable  lore  is  not  without  its  inconveniences 
and  drawbacks.  It  has  exposed  her  to  the  suspicion  of  witch- 
craft ;  and  also  to  annoyances  of  a  practical  nature.  As  she 
has  given  out  that  she  can  tell  when  storms  are  coming,  by 
the  rattling  of  her  window-shutters,  roguish  boys,  on  passing, 
not  unfrequently  give  them  a  shake;  and  thus  she  is  de- 
prived of  that  repose,  which  is  usually  allowed  to  the  decline 


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of  life  and  of  personal  attraction ;  for  it  cannot  be  said  in  her 

case^  as  in  that  of  the  neglected  Lydia^  that 

«  Parci(ks  junctas  quatiunt  fenestras 
Ictibtts  crebiis  juYenes  protervi." 

These  remarks,  and  the  statements  with  which  they  are 
accompanied,  may  be  regarded  as  trifling,  and  unworthy  of 
a  place  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich 
Archaeological  Society:  the  writer  can  vouch  only  for  their 
accuracy. 

But,  again,  can  the  recording  of  the  sayings  of  Mrs.  Lub- 
bock be  considered  useless?  Be  it  remembered  that,  frivolous 
and  superstitious  as  they  may  appear,  they  in  reality  exhibit 
phases  of  the  human  mind,  which  are  as  much  within  the 
province  of  philosophical  inquiry  as  the  deductions  of  exact 
science.  And  similar  prophecies  to  those  which  she  details, 
though  they  may  seem  to  be  absurd,  have,  in  times  past,  even 
operated  as  engines  of  revolutionary  changes ;  as  exemplified 
in  the  **  Confession  of  Richard  Bishop  and  Robert  Seaman,'* 
printed  in  Vol.  I.,  p.  209,  of  the  "  Original  Papers  "  of  this 
Society. 


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FKOH 

SIR  ISAAC  NEWTON  TO  JOHN  COYEL,  D.D. 

O0MMT7NI0ATBD  BY 

DAWSON   TURNER,   ESQ., 

VIOB-FKWIDEIIT. 


In  the  division  of  the  Macro  Manuscripts,*  purchased 
conjointly  by  Mr.  Hudson  Gumey  and  myself  in  1820,  not 
the  least  interesting  part  of  what  fell  to  my  share  was  two 
folio  volumes,  containing  about  five  hundred  letters,  the 
literary  correspondence  of  Dr.  John  Covel,  the  learned  author 
of  the  History  of  the  Greek  Church,  Dr.  Covel  was  a  native 
of  Horningheath,  in  Suffolk,  a  village  adjoining  Bury  Saint 
Edmund's ;  and  in  the  school  of  that  village  he  received  his 
early  education :  this  he  completed  at  Christ's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  graduated  A.M.  in  1661,  at  the  age  of  23. 
He  shortly  afterwards  obtained  a  fellowship,  but  quitted  the 
University  and  England  in  1670,  to  accompany  Sir  Daniel 
Harvey  in  his  embassy  to  Constantinople.  Dr.  Covel's  resi- 
dence in  the  East,  as  chaplain  to  Sir  Daniel  and  his  successor. 
Sir  John  Finch,  embraced  a  term  of  seven  years;  in  the 
course  of  which  he  visited  various  districts  of  Greece  and 
Asia  Minor.  The  note-books  he  kept  on  these  journeys  are 
in  my  library,  and  are,  I  regret  to  say,  unpublished.   Copious, 

*  Respectiiig  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cox  Macro,  see  NicholB*  Library  Anecdotes,  IX 
pp.  359 — 365.    His  own  correspondence  and  his  Album  are  also  in  my  hands. 
VOL.  II.  Y 


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810 

and  apparently  accurate^  and  full  of  details  and  learning,  they 
coidd  scarcely  fail  to  throw  valuable  light  upon  Archseology; 
as  they  would  bear  indisputable  testimony  to  the  zeal  of  their 
author,  in  tracing  and  investigating  and  drawing  and  describ- 
ing what  was  then  left  in  those  regions.  Upon  his  return  to 
England  he  repaired  to  his  college,  of  which  he  w^  elected 
master  in  1688.  The  office  he  held  till  his  death  in  1722, 
almost  wholly  devoting  himself  to  tl^e  discharge  of  the  con- 
sequent duties.  The  rectories  of  Littlebury  and  Kegsworth, 
together  with  the  Chancellorship  of  York,  and  the  office  of 
Lady  Margaret's  Preacher  in  Cambridge,  had  been  previously 
conferred  upon  him ;  and  hence,  he  himself  tells  us,  in  the 
Dedication  to  his  History,  he  has  been  compelled  to  lead  a 
kind  of  itinerant  life,  in  York,  and  Holland,  and  elsewhere. 
But  how  often,  and  on  what  occasions,  he  visited  the  Conti- 
nent, his  Correspondence  affords  no  means  of  ascertaining ; 
and  I  regret  this  the  more,  as  it  is  clear,  from  some  hints  in 
the  course  of  it,  that  during  his  abode  in  the  Low  Countries 
he  unfortunately  fell  under  the  displeasure  of  the  Sovereign. 
Thus  much  may  safely  be  said  of  him,  that,  wherever  stationed, 
he  cultivated  the  society  of  men  of  literature,  and  subsequently 
maintained  a  correspondence  with  them,  and  carefully  pre- 
served their  letters  to  him,  together  with  transcripts  of  his 
own  in  reply. 
With  such  stores  in  my  possession,!  the  publication  of 


t  The  following  may  be  enumerated  among  Dr.  Coyel's  moat  diatingniahed 
correapondenta : — 

Archbiahopa  Bancroft,  Teniaon,  and  Hutton,  of  Canterbury ;  and  Sharp,  of 
York ;  The  Duke  of  Somerset ;  the  Ducheaa  of  Grafton ;  Harley,  Earl  of 
Oxford ;  Yiacount  Bulkeley  ;  and  Lords  Arlington  and  Henrey ;  Dr.  Sher- 
lock, Biahop  of  London ;  Dr.  Moore,  of  Norwich ;  and  Dr.  Nicholson,  of 
Carlisle. 

Sir  Isaac  Newton ;  Sir  Eliab  and  Lady  Harrey ;  Sir  John  Finch ;  the 
Bev.  Sir  George  Wheler;  Sir  Paul  Kicaut;  Sir  Andrew  Fountaine;  Sir 
Thomas  Barnes ;  and  Sir  James  Porter. 

Dn.  Balph  Cudworth,  George  Hickea,  Daniel  Waterland,  John  Wood- 


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311 

rather  a  copious  selection  from  them  was  naturally  at  one 
time  among  my  favourite  day-dreams.  The  eminence  of  the 
writers,  and  in  many  cases  the  interest  of  the  subject,  made 
me  anticipate  a  favourable  reception ;  and,  now  that  age  has 
proved  the  real  unsubstantiality  of  the  visionary  castle,  I 
flatter  myself  that  the  mention  of  my  design  may  cause  it  to 
be  hereafter  realized.  In  one  single  instance,  however,  I 
.  have  determined  to  take  the  task  upon  myself,  by  publishing 
the  following  thirteen  letters  from  Sir  Isaac  Newton.  Care- 
fully and  zealously  as  **  every  hole  and  comer"  has  been 
ransacked,  to  detect  whatever  came  from  the  pen  of  our  great 
philosopher,  or  might  illustrate  his  history  or  his  studies, 
these  letters,  I  have  every  reason  to  believe,  have  hitherto 
escaped  the  search.  I  am  equally  mistaken  and  misinformed, 
if  they  are  not  the  only  records  left  us  of  his  senatorial  life, 
and  if  they  do  not  derive  from  that  circumstance  a  consider* 
able  additional  interest*  Their  date  ranges  from  Dec.  15, 
1688,  to  the  same  day  of  the  following  May.  It  was  in  the 
January  of  1688-9,  that  Sir  Isaac,  then  Mr.  Newton,  first 
entered  Parliament,  having  been  returned  as  representative 
of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  in   conjunction  with  Sir 


ward,  Hamphrey  Gower,  John  Luke,  John  Spencer,  Henry  James,  and 
JohnMiU. 

Men  of  Learning.— John  Locke,  Homfrey  Wanley,  Jacob  Spon,  Paul 
Herman,  Drelincourt,  Justel,  Philip  Stosch,  Martin  Eagle,  Thomas  Petiver, 
Charles  Daubuz,  Thomas  Ford,  Jerome  Salter,  Samuel  Dale,  Peter  Allix, 
Isaac  Abendana,  Thomas  Baker,  and  W.  T.  Grelot. 

Distinguished  Foreigners. — Archbishop  of  Philippopolis,  Marquis  de  Noin- 
tel.  Count  Zolyma,  Baron  Lempster,  Ezekiel  Spanheim,  E.  Benzelius,  and 
T.  B.  Menkenius. 

*  I  may  also  be  aUowed  to  state,  what  would  give  them  a  still  greater 
interest  in  the  eyes  of  a  considerable  body  of  collectors,  that  I:  belieye  they 
are  the  only  letters  known  that  are  franked  by  him.  Some  of  them  also 
preserve  his  seal, — the  shin-bones  in  saltire,  of  his  heraldic  shield. — Of  a 
letter  with  such  a  seal,  and  also  with  a  frank,  I  have  annexed  a  facsimile, 
which  wiU  be  found  at  the  end  of  this  Paper. 

Y  2 


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Robert  Sawyer.*  For  so  high  a  distinctioa  he  appears  to 
have  been  greatly  indebted  to  the  part  he  had  taken  shortly 
before  in  opposition  to  the  wishes  of  the  Court,  then  intent 
upon  bringing  the  Church  of  England  once*  more  under  sub- 
jection to  that  of  Rome.  The  King  had  sent  his  mandamus 
to  the  University,  commanding  them  to  confer  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts  upon  Father  Francis,  a  Benedictine  monk, 
and  to  annex  the  accompanying  privileges,  without  requiring 
him  to  take  the  oaths  of  allegiance  and  supremacy.  Obedience 
was  re&sed,  and  the  monarch  was  enraged :  he  repeated  his 
commands,  and  accompanied  them  with  threats,  which  were 
met  with  undaunted  firmness;  and  ''high  words  to  words 
succeeding  still,"  the  Vice-Chancellor  was  summoned  before 


*  Sir  Robert  was  at  this  time  probably  a  popular  character ;  haying  been 
dismissed  in  December,  16S7,  £rom  the  office  of  Attorney-General,  a  post  he 
had  held  nearly  eight  years,  for  refusing  to  *'  support  the  dispensing  power." 
I  quote  the  words  of  Burnet,  who,  in  stating  the  £EU$t,  adds,  "  he  had  for 
many  years  served  the  ends  of  the  Court  in  a  most  abject  and  obsequious 
manner ;"  and  who,  in  speaking  of  him  on  a  previous  occasion,  had  called 
him  "a  dull,  hot  nxan,  and  forward  to  serve  all  the  designs  of  Court." 
Granger,  on  the  other  hand,  gives  him  a  widely  dijfferent  character;  and 
this  it  seems  only  fiedr  to  quote,  that  the  reader  may  thus  have  the  bane  and 
antidote  at  once  before  him.  **  Sir  Robert  Sawyer,  one  of  the  ablest  of  his 
contemporaries  in  his  profession,  formed  himself  after  the  Lord  Chief  Baron 
Hale,  under  whom  he  practised,  and  of  whom  he  was  a  just  admirer.  He, 
like  that  excellent  person,  was  a  man  of  general  learning,  and  of  an  integrity 
that  nothing  could  corrupt.  His  reputation  in  the  Court  of  Exchequer,  the 
business  of  which  he  perfectly  understood,  was  superior  to  that  of  any  other 
counsel.  He  was  Attorney-General,  from  the  year  1681  to  1687;  during 
which  period  he  approved  himself,  in  some  very  deHcate  points,  and  upon 
many  important  occasions,  a  most  judicious  and  expert  lawyer,  and  a  no  less 
useful  man.  He  was  continued  in  his  office  by  James,  but  was  soon  set 
aside  by  that  prince,  who  presently  perceived  that  he  could  not  be  prevailed 
with  to  mould  the  laws  to  such  purposes  as  were  never  intended  by  the 
legislature.  He  has  been  justly  censured  for  his  harsh  treatment  of  Lord 
Russell  on  his  trial.  Pemberton,  on  the  contrary,  treated  him  with  a  gen- 
tleness and  candour  that  did  him  much  honour.  He  died  at  Highcleer,  in 
Hampshire,  1692.  His  only  daughter  married  the  Earl  of  Pembroke.  She 
died  the  17th  November,  1706." 


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313 

the  Ecclesiastical  Commission^  to  answer  for  this  act  of  con- 
tempt. He  accordingly  appeared,  attended  by  nine  delegates, 
of  whom  Newton  was  one  :  the  question  was  argued  in  the 
High  Court ;  and  the  King  abandoned  his  pretensions. 

Notwithstanding,  however,  the  popularity  thus  acquired, 
and  that  derived  from  his  wide-spread  feme,  it  was  only  by 
a  majority  of  five  votes  that  the  philosopher  carried  his  elec- 
tion.* Most  short,  too,  was  his  legislative  career ;  for  on  the 
dissolution  of  the  Convention  Parliament,  in  the  March  of 
the  succeeding  year,  both  he  and  his  colleague  were  ejected. f 

*  The  other  candidateB  were  Sir  Robert  Sawyer  and  Mr.  Finch ;  and  the 
votes  stood  thus : — 

Sir  Bobert  Sawyer 126 

Mr.  Newton   . 122 

Mr.  Finch      .    .* 117 

I  am  quoting  here  from  Sir  Dayid  Brewster's  interesting  Lift  of  Sir  Isaac 
Newton,  to  which  I  have  been  greatly  indebted  for  partictdars  touching  the 
struggle  between  the  King  and  the  TJniYersity. 

t  Who  were  the  candidates,  and  what  the  votes  upon  the  occasion,  I  am 
ignorant :  I  only  see  by  the  Lists  of  the  Members  of  the  Bouse  of  Commons,  that 
Edward  Finch  and  Henry  Boyle  were  then  returned ;  that  in  the  King's 
third  Parliament,  it  was  George  Oxendon  and  Henry  Boyle ;  in  his  fourth 
and  fifth,  Henry  Boyle  and  Anthony  Hammond ;  but  that,  in  his  sixth  and 
last,  in  December  1701,  Newton  was  re-instated ;  the  candidates  and  their 
respective  votes  being,  as  I  also  learn  from  Sir  David  Brewster, 
Mr.  Henry  Boyle  (afterwards  Lord  Carleton)     .    ISO 

Mr.  Newton 161 

Mr.  Hammond 64 

On  the  same  authority  I  state,  that  on  the  close  of  Queen  Anne's-  first  Par- 
liament, which  had  assembled  in  1702,  and  was  dissolved  in  1705,  Newton, 
then  knighted,  and  made  Master  of  the  Mint  and  President  of  the  Boyal 
Society,  once  more  ventured  upon  a  contest,  though  he  had  not  been  re* 
turned  in  1702,  and  was  defeated  by  a  great  majority ;  the  numbers  being,  for 

The  Hon.  Arthur  Annesley 182 

The  Hon.  Dixie  Windsor 170 

Mr.  Godolphin 162 

Sir  Isaac  Newton       117 

It  may  be  objected  to  me,  and  perhaps  with  some  justice,  that  in  speaking 
of  Newton's  Parliamentary  career,  I  have  not  noticed  the  ten  months  of  his 
last  seat.    I  do  not  defend  myself,  by  saying  that  of  these  I  know  nothing. 


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314 

During  the  fourteen  months  that  he  held  his  seat^  we  find  no 
mention  of  him  in  the  Parliamentary  History ^  as  taking  a 
share  in  the  debates  or  in  the  business  of  the  House.  Here, 
too,  his  very  able  biographer  is  wholly  silent.  The  more 
fortunate  may  be  regarded  the  existence  of  these  letters,  as 
testimonies  to  his  political  character,  and  to  his  attention  to 
the  discharge  of  his  duties.  They  are  all  written  in  his 
character  of  Member  of  Parliament,  and  are  aU  consequently 
addressed  to  Dr.  Covel,  who,  as  Vice-Chancellor,  was  the 
organ  of  similar  commimications.  Their  object  was  not  a 
little  delicate;  it  being  to  persuade  the  members  of  the 
UniYersity,  who  had  so  lately  sworn  allegiance  to  Eling 
James,  to  silence  all  scruples  of  conscience,  while  they  vowed 
the  same  fidelity  to  his  hostile  successor.  It  may  perhaps  be 
regarded  as  extraordinary,  that  Newton's  colleague  should 
have  taken  no  part  in  the  correspondence ;  indeed  that  his 
name  should  appear  only  in  a  single  instance,  and  then  merely 
as  a  signature  to  an  official  document.  But  this  may  be  ac- 
counted for  from  the  fact,  that  he  entered  warmly  into  the 
debates;  and,  possibly,  the  cloud,  which  burst  in  January, 
1689-90,  and  caused  his  expulsion,  may  then  have  been  gath- 
ering over  his  head,  and  "  concentered  him  all  in  self."  * 

and  that  here  also  history  is  silent  regarding  his  name :  it  is  enough  for  me 
to  observe  that  my  object  is  confined  to  elucidating  these  letters.  The  task 
of  being  his  biographer  happily  rests  in  far  abler  hands ;  and  *'  tractent 
fabrilia  fabri." 

*  The  expulsion  of  Sir  Robert  Sawyer  from  the  House  of  Commons,  upon 
which  such  of  his  biographers  as  I  am  acquainted  with  are  silent,  is  recorded 
at  length  in  the  ParliamerUary  History.  It  was  carried,  January  20,  1689-90, 
by  a  minority  of  131  oyer  71.  His  crime  was  the  part  he  had  taken,  as 
Attorney- Qeneral,  in  the  trial  and  subsequent  execution  and  attainder  of 
Sir  Thomas  Armstrong ;  in  which  he  appears  to  have  lent  himself  sadly  to 
Lord  Chief  Justice  Jeffreys.  In  the  course  of  the  debate,  which  was  long, 
Mrs.  Matthews,  Sir  Thomas'  daughter,  was  called  in,  and  asked  what  she 
knew  of  the  prosecution  against  her  &ther,  and  who  were  the  prosecutors. 
She  replied,  "  The  judges  were  Jeffreys,  Wythens,  Holloway,  and  Walcott ; 
Sawyer,  Burton,  and  Graham,  prosecutors.    I  was  with  Sawyer  for  a  writ  of 


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315 

To  turn  from  men  to  things, — ^these  letters,  I  cannot  but  feel, 
have  a  twofold  interest.  They  have  the  primary  one  already 
mentioned,  derived  from  their  iUustrions  author;  and  they 
have  another,  not  trifling,  which  they  owe  to  the  subject- 
matter  and  the  times.  The  history  of  Britain  scarcely  em- 
braces a  more  eventftJ  epoch,  than  when  the  throne,  just 
deserted  by  the  lineal  monarch,  was  occupied  by  his  daughter, 
and  by  her  husband,  his  nephew.  Not  only  must  the  tide  of 
party,  in  the  common  acceptation  of  the  word,  have  then  run 
unusually  high,  but  other  considerations  and  feelings  must 
have  conspired  to  give  it  a  character  of  its  own.  The  sym- 
pathy of  the  courtiers  and  their  friends  with  the  deposed 
sovereign  cannot  but  have  been  inexpressibly  augmented  by 
pity  for  the  general  misfortunes  of  the  family ;  and,  above  all, 
when  united  with  the  reflection  that  the  exile  was  the  son  of 
him,  who,  in  his  decapitation,  had  undergone  what  they  re- 
garded as  martyrdom  in  defence  of  their  privileges.  They 
had  learned,  too,  from  their  parents  what  they  themselves  had 
witnessed  at  the  commencement  of  the  century;  and  they 
naturally  dreaded  a  repetition  of  similar  horrors  at  its  close. 
On  the  other  hand,  their  opponents  were  blind  to  every 
consideration  but  what  they  regarded  as  a  systematic  attack 
upon  their  liberty  and  their  consciences.     They  had  fearfully 

error :  He  said,  <  Your  father  must  die,  he  must  die,  he  is  an  iU  man.'  My 
mother  was  ready  to  pay  him  all  his  due  fees ;  but  he  said  *  he  must  die,  he 
must  die.'  When  my  father  was  brought  to  the  bar,  the  Chief  Justice  asked 
Sawyer,  What  he  had  to  say?  Sawyer  prayed  an  award  of  execution, 
which  was  done.  My  father  desired  that  the  Statute  of  Outlawries  might  be 
read.  He  said,  '  He  thought  it  was  plain  that  he  was  come  in  within  a 
year,  &c.'  Said  Sawyer,  *  Sir  Thomas  Armstrong  will  not  find  anything  in 
the  statute  to  his  purpose :  possibly  he  will  say,  he  surrendered  himself  to 
your  lordship ;  but,  Sir  Thomas,  you  should  have  surrendered  yourself  before 
you  went  out  of  England ;'  and  he  alledged  HoUoway's  case.  Said  the 
Chief  Justice,  *  We  haye  enough  against  him.'  Said  Sawyer,  <  The  King 
did  indulge  in  HoUoway's  case ;  but  Armstrong  was  active  in  the  fire  at 
Newmarket,  and  he  has  received  dangerous  letters ;'  whereas,  they  were  no 
more  than  a  recommendation  to  the  Duke  of  Brandenbourg." 


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committed  themselves;  and  they  not  only  hated  the  tyrant  and 

dreaded  his  return^  but  the  question  at  issue  involved  in  their 

eyes  no  less  a  stake  than  the  very  existence  of  the  Freedom  of 

England^  the  Constitution^  and  the  Heformed  Religion.     No 

thought  of  half-measures  could  be  entertained,  while,  in  the 

expressive  language  of  my  late  excellent  friend,  Mr.  Roscoe, 

<<The  welfare  of  millioDS  now  hung  in  the  scale, 
And  the  balance  yet  trembled  with  &te." 

Such,  in  few  words,  was  the  character  of  the  times.  To  the 
nature  of  the  contents  of  the  letters  allusion  has  already  been 
made;  but  it  must  be  added,  that  they  tend  likewise  to  throw 
light  upon  the  feeling  and  conduct  of  the  University  at  that 
momentous  epoch.  It  may  even  be  allowable  to  advance  a 
«tep  further,  and  to  point  out  one  of  them  as  of  peculiar  in- 
trinsic value.  The  bias  of  Newton's  political  opinions  was  not 
indeed  to  be  questioned,  after  the  part  he  had  taken  against 
the  fugitive  monarch  while  apparently  firm  upon  his  throne; 
but  the  decided  expression  of  these  opinions,  and  the  mathe- 
matical precision  with  which  he  lays  down  his  theorem,  traces 
and  ramifies  his  arguments,  and  draws  his  inference  no  less 
accurately  in  morals  than  in  physics,  must  be  regarded  as  a 
fresh  and  desirable  evidence  of  the  structure  of  his  mind. 
Had,  however,  the  whole  series  of  the  letters  been  destitute 
of  these  claims  to  attention,  I  am  not  prepared  to  say  that  I 
should  therefore  have  abstained  firom  printing  them.  Let  it 
be  admitted  that  whatever  can  be  collected,  even  by  tradition, 
touching  him  who  was  the  glory  of  his  country  and  his  age, 
deserves  to  be  recorded;  and  it  cannot  but  follow  that  the 
same  necessarily  holds  good,  with  increased  force,  when  what 
it  is  proposed  to  preserve  are  actually  sparks  firom  his  mind 
and  lines  from  his  pen.  Impossible  is  it  too  to  pronounce 
how  far  an  incident,  in  itself  apparently  immaterial,  may  not, 
by  "  touching  some  wheel  or  verging  to  some  goal,"  disclose 
motives  for  actions,  or  bring  to  light  actions  themselves,  pre- 
viously unknown  and  imsuspected.     Neither  were  it  less 


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817 

absurd  than  it  would  be  false  to  deny  that  I  feel  a  pride^  that 
I  hope  is  honesty  in  the  opportunity  thus  afforded  me  of 
associating  my  name  in  any  manner^  however  humble,  with 
Newton's.  Sir  Joshua  Eeynolds  wrote  his  upon  the  folds  of 
the  drapery  in  his  glorious  portrait  of  Mrs.  Siddons;  and 
when  asked  the  cause  for  what  was  so  unusual^  replied  that 
he  shoidd  be  content  to  go  down  to  posterity  upon  the  hem 
of  her  garment.  In  the  present  case,  the  pretensions  and 
hopes  are  far  more  lowly;  not  better  founded,  it  is  feared, 
than  those  ascribed  to  his  congregation  by  John  Wesley, 
when,  with  his  characteristic  shrewdness,  he  told  them,  "You 
are,  all  of  you,  I  know,  expecting  to  go  up  with  me  to  heaven, 
one  by  catching  hold  of  my  cassock  and  another  of  my  coat ; 
but,  depend  upon  it,  you  will  be  left  behind ;  for  it  is  only  in 
a  jacket,  and  that  a  very  tight-buttoned  one,  that  I  shall 
ascend  on  high." 

Dawson  Tukner. 


For  the  more  complete  understanding  of  the  following 
letters,  without  the  necessity  of  referring  to  other  books,  it 
has  been  thought  desirable  to  prefix  to  them  the  few  accom- 
panying documents,  as  placed  by  Dr.  Covel  himself  in  his 
Correspondence. 


To  aU  Maisters  and  Heads  of  Colleges,  John  Covel, 
Vice- Chancellor  of  y*  University  of  Cambridge, 
sendeth  greeting. 

Gentlemen, 

Whereas,  in  this  disorder  many  Schollerft^ 
are  now  in  armes,  and  the  effects  thereof  are  to  be  feared  as 
very  dangerous  to  the  whole  University,  as  well  as  destructive 
to  all  good  manners,  I  do  humbly  conceive  our  best  course 


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318 

to  reduce  them  would  be  to  convene  them  in  some  publick 
place  of  your  Coll.  to-morrow  morning,  if  they  retume ;  and 
grauely,  but  cahnly,  advise  them  to  all  civil  behaviour,  be- 
lieueing  all  severity  at  this  juncture  might  rather  tend  to 
exasperate  them  more,  and  bring  the  unruly  people's  fury 
upon  us  all. 

Your  Servant, 

JoH.  CovEL,  Procan. 
Bocember  15, 1688. 


Letter  from  ihe  Prince  of  Orange  to  (ke  University  of  Cam" 
bridge y  and  accompanying  Notice  from  the  Vice- Chancellor. 

Whereas  the  Lords  Spual  and  tepral,  ye  Kghts,  Citizens, 
and  Burgesses,  heretofore  members  of  ye  Comons  House  of 
Pari"**  during  y*  Reign  of  K.  Charles  y*  2*,  residing  in  and 
about  y«  City  of  London,  together  with  y«  Aldermen  and 
divers  of  the  Comon  council  of  the  said  City,  in  this  extra- 
ordinary conjuncture,  at  our  request,  severally  assembled,  to 
advise  us  the  best  manner  how  to  attain  the  ends  of  our  de- 
claration, in  calling  a  free  Parliam*  for  the  preservation  of  the 
Protestant  Religion,  and  restoring  the  Bights  and  Libertyes 
of  the  Kingdom,  and  settling  the  same  that  they  may  not  be 
in  danger  of  being  again  subverted,  have  advised  and  desired 
us  to  cause  our  letters  to  be  written  and  directed  for  the 
Counties  to  the  Coroners  of  the  respective  Counties,  or  any 
one  of  them ;  and  in  default  of  the  Coroners,  to  y*  Clerks  of 
y*  Peace  of  the  respective  Counties;  and  for  the  Universities, 
to  the  respective  Vicechancellors ;   and  for  the  Cityes,  Bo- 
roughs, and  Cinque-ports,  to  the  chief  magistrates  of  each 
respective  city,  borough,  and  cinque-port,  containing  direc- 
tions for  the  choosing  in  all  such  countyes,  cities,  universityes, 
boroughs,  and  cinque-ports,  w^in  ten  days  after  the  receipt 
of  the  said  respective  letters,  such  a  number  of  persons  to 


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represent  them^  as  from  every  such  place  is  or  are  of  right 
to  be  sent  to  Parliament ;  of  which  Elections^  and  times  and 
places  thereof,  the  respective  Officers  shall  give  notice.  The 
notice  for  the  intended  Election  in  the  Counties  to  be  pub- 
lished in  the  Market-towns  w*4n  the  respective  Counties,  by 
the  space  of  five  dayes  at  the  leajst  before  the  said  Election ; 
and  for  the  Universityes,  Cities,  Boroughs,  and  Cinque-ports 
in  every  of  them  respectively  by  the  space  of  three  days  at 
the  least  before  the  said  Election;  the  said  letters  and  y* 
execution  thereof  to  be  returned  by  such  officer  and  officers, 
who  shall  execute  the  same,  to  the  Clerke  of  the  Crowne  in 
the  Court  of  Chancery,  so  as  the  persons  to  be  chosen  may 
meet  and  set  at  Westminster,  the  two  and  twentieth  day  of 
January  next. 

"We,  heartily  desiring  ye  performance  of  w*  we  have  in 
our  s^  Declaration  expressed,  in  pursuance  of  the  said  advice 
and  desire,  have  caused  this  our  letter  to  be  written  to  you, 
to  the  intent  that  you,  truely  and  uprightly,  w***out  favour  or 
affection  to  any  person,  or  indirect  practice  or  proceeding,  do 
and  execute  what  of  your  part  ought  to  be  done,  according 
to  the  said  advice  for  the  due  execution  thereof.  The 
Elections  to  be  made  by  such  persons  only,  as,  according 
to  the  antient  laws  and  customes,  of  right  ought  to  choose 
Members  for  Parliament ;  and  that  you  cause  a  retume  to  be 
made  by  certificate,  under  your  seal,  of  the  names  of  the 
persons  elected,  annexed  to  this  our  letter  to  the  said  Clerk 
of  the  Crowne,  before  the  said  two  and  twentyeth  day  of 
January. 

Given  at  S^  James's  the  nine  and  twentieth  day  of  De- 
cember, in  the  year  of  Our  Lord  1688. 

G.  Prince  d'Orange. 

To  the  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University 
of  Cambridge. 


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In  pursuance  of  his  Higlinesse  tbe  Prince  of  Orange  his 
letter  hereunto  annexed^  the  Chancellor^  Masters^  and  Schol- 
lars,  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  have  w^  one  assent 
and  consent  chosen  S*^  Bob^  Sawyer,  Eoiight,  and  M'  Isaac 
Newton,  M.A.,  and  Mathematick  Professor,  representatives 
for  the  aforesaid  University,  to  meet  and  sit  at  Westminster 
the  two  and  twentyeth  day  of  this  instant  January.  Giving 
and  granting  in  this  extraordinary  juncture  to  the  aforesaid 
representatives  full  and  sufficient  power  for  the  Body  of  the 
said  University  to  doe  and  consent  to  those  things,  which 
then  and  there  shall  be  determined  by  the  Lords  Spirituall 
and  Temporall,  and  the  Commons  assembled,  for  the  pre- 
servation of  the  Protestant  Religion  and  settling  the  Rights 
and  Libertys  of  this  Kingdome.  In  witnesse  whereof,  I,  the 
Vicechancellor  of  the  said  University,  have  hereunto  put  this 
seal  of  my  Office,  the  seventeenth  day  of  January,  Anno  Dni. 
1688-9. 


Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  Coveh 
Rev.  Sik, 

The  King  and  Queen  being  proclaimed 
here  yesterday,  I  presume  you  will  soon  receive  an  order 
for  proclaiming  them  at  Cambridge.  I  have  enclosed  the 
form  of  the  Proclamation.  I  coidd  wish  heartily  that  the 
University  would  so  compose  themselves  as  to  perform  y® 
solemnity  with  a  seasonable  decorum ;  because  I  take  it  to  be 
their  interest  to  set  y®  best  face  upon  things  they  can,  after  y® 
example  of  y®  London  divines.  I  am  of  opinion  that  Degrees 
be  not  given  till  you  are  authorized  to  administer  the  new 
Oaths.  Whether  that  will  be  speedily  done  by  authority  of 
their  Ma^«"  and  y*  Convention,  or  after  y*  Convention  is 
turned  to  a  Parliament,  I  cannot  yet  resolve  you.  The  Oath 
of  Supremacy,  as  you  administer  it  imperfectly  in  Latin, 


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ought  to  be  omitted,  and  both  y*  new  Oaths  administered 
in  English.  You  will  see  these  Oaths  in  y'  end  of  the 
declaration  I  have  enclosed  this  post  in  a  letter  to  Dr. 
Beaumont. 

S%  I  am 
Yo'  most  humble  Servant, 

Is.  Newton. 

London,  Feb.  12,  16S8.9. 


The  Manner  of  the  Proclaiming  of  King  William  and 
Queen  Mary,  at  White-haUy  and  in  the  City  of  London, 
Feb.  13,  1688-9. 

About  half  an  hour  past  Ten  in  the  Morning,  the  Lords 
and  Commons  came  from  "Westminster  to  White-hall  in 
their  coaches,  and  alighting  at  the  Gate,  went  up  into  the 
Banquetting-house,  when  they  presented  the  Prince  and 
Princess  of  Orange  with  an  Instrument  in  Writing,  for 
declaring  their  Highnesses  King  and  Queen  of  England, 
France,  and  Ireland,  and  the  Dominions  and  Territories 
thereunto  belonging;  desiring  them  to  accept  the  Crown 
pursuant  to  the  said  Declaration;  which  their  Highnesses 
accepting  accordingly,  the  said  Lords  and  Commons  came 
down  again  to  White-hall-gate,  preceded  by  the  Speakers 
of  their  respectire  Houses,  each  attended  with  a  Sergeant 
at  Arms,  where  they  found  the  Heralds  of  Arms,  the  Ser- 
geants at  Arms,  the  Trumpets,  and  other  officers,  all  in 
readiness,  being  assembled  by  orders  from  the  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  Earl  Marshal  of  England.  And  Sir  Thomas  St. 
George,  Knight,  Garter  Principal  King  of  Arms,  having 
received  a  Proclamation,  and  an  Order  from  the  Lords* 
House  to  the  Bang's  Heralds  and  Pursuivants  of  Arms, 
for  Publishing  or  Proclaiming  the  same  forthwith,  the 
persons  concem'd  disposed  themselves  in  order  before  the 


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Court-gate^  for  making  the  said  Proclamation.  And  the 
Trumpets  having  sounded  a  call  three  several  times^  the 
last  of  which  was  answer'd  by  a  great  shout  of  the  vast 
Multitudes  of  People  there  assembled^  the  noise  ceasing^ 
the  said  Garter  King  of  Arms^  read  the  said  Proclamation 
by  short  sentences  or  periods,  which  was  thereupon  pro- 
claimed aloud  by  Robert  Devenish,  Esq.,  York  Herald,  being 
the  Senior  Herald,  in  these  words  : 

"  Whereas  it  hath  pleased  Almighty  God,  in  his  great 
mercy  to  this  Kingdom,"  &c. 

Which  being  ended,  and  the  trumpets  sounding  a  flourish, 
was  answered  by  several  repeated  shouts  of  the  people.  And 
directions  being  given  to  proclaim  the  same  within  Temple- 
bar,  in  Cheapside,  and  at  the  Royal  Exchange,  the  Pro- 
ceeding marched  in  this  manner  : 

First,  the  several  Beadles  of  the  Liberties  of  Westminster; 
next,  the  Constables  of  the  said  Liberties,  all  on  foot,  with 
the  High  Constable  on  horseback;  after  them,  the  Head 
Sailiff  of  Westminster,  and  his  men,  all  with  white  staves, 
to  clear  the  way,  on  horseback ;  then  the  Knight-Marshall's 
Men,  also  on  horseback;  next  to  these,  a  class  of  trumpets, 
nine  in  all,  viz.,  2,  2,  2,  and  8,  followed  by  the  Serjeant- 
Trumpeter,  carrjdng  his  Mace  on  his  shoulder,  all  likewise 
on  horseback;  then  a  Pursuivant  of  Arms,  single;  then  a 
Pursuivant  and  a  Serjeant-at-Arms ;  another  Pursuivant  and 
a  Serjeant-at-Arms ;  then  four  Heralds  of  Arms,  one  after 
another,  each  with  a  Serjeant-at-Arms  on  his  left  hand,  the 
Heralds  and  Pursuivants  being  all  in  their  rich  coats  of  the 
Royal  Arms,  and  the  Serjeants-at-Arms,  each  carrying  his 
mace  on  his  shoulder,  and  all  on  horseback;  then  Garter 
King-of-Axms  in  his  rich  Coat  of  Arms,  carrying  the  Pro- 
clamation, accompanied  by  Sir  Tho.  Duppa,  Kt.,  Gentleman- 
Usher  of  the  Black  Rod,  in  his  crimson  mantle  of  the  Order 
of  the  Garter,  and  his  Black  Rod  of  office,  likewise  on  horse- 
back. 


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These  immediately  preceded  the  Marquess  of  Halifax^  who 
executed  the  place  of  Speaker  in  the  House  of  Lords,  in  his 
coach,  attended  hy  Sir  Roger  Harsnet,  eldest  Serjeant-at- 
Arms,  with  his  mace.  Then  followed  Henry  Powle,  Esq., 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons,  in  his  coach,  attended 
by  John  Topham,  Esq.,  Serjeant-at-Arms  to  the  said  House, 
with  his  mace.  After  the  two  Speakers  of  the  Houses, 
followed  the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  Earl  Marshal,  and  Frimier 
Duke  of  England,  in  his  coach,  with  his  Marshal's  Staff  in 
his  hand.  And  next  to  him,  all  the  Peers  in  order  in  their 
coaches ;  and,  last  of  all,  the  Members  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons in  their  coaches.  In  this  order  they  proceeded  towards 
Temple-bar ;  and,  being  come  as  far  as  the  Maypole  in  the 
Strand,  two  of  the  Officers  of  Arms,  with  a  Sergeant-at-Arms 
and  two  trumpets,  went  before  to  Temple-bar ;  and  the  Lord 
Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  SherifEs,  being  by  this  time  arrived 
there,  and,  having  ordered  the  Grates  to  be  shut,  the  Herald- 
at-Arms  knocked  thereat,  whereupon  the  Sheriffs,  being  on 
horseback,  came  to  the  gate ;  and  the  said  Herald  acquaint- 
ing them.  That  he  came  by  order  of  the  Lords  Spiritual  and 
Temporal  assembled  at  Westminster,  to  demand  entrance  into 
that  famous  City,  for  the  Proclaiming  of  William  and  Mary, 
King  and  Queen  of  England,  France,  and  Ireland,  and  the 
Dominions  and  Territories  thereunto  belonging;  and  there- 
fore required  their  speedy  Answer.  The  said  Sheriffs  or- 
dered the  gates  to  be  opened.  Whereupon,  leaving  the 
Head-Bayliff,  Constables,  and  Beadles  of  Westminster  with- 
out the  Barr,  the  rest  of  the  proceeding  entred,  where  they 
found  the  Lord  Mayor,  Aldermen,  Recorder,  and  Sheriffs, 
aU  in  their  formalities^  and  on  horseback,  except  the  Lord 
Mayor,  who  was  in  his  coach,  attended  by  the  Sword-bearer 
and  other  of  his  officers,  who  joyfully  receiving  them,  they 
made  a  stand  between  the  two  Temple  Gates,  and  Proclaimed 
ther  Majesties  a  second  time.  From  whence  they  marched 
towards  Cheap-side ;  a  class  of  the  City  Trumpets,  and  the 


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Lord  Mayor's  livery-men  leading  the  way,  and  the  said 
Aldermen  and  Lord  Mayor  falling  into  the  proceeding ;  and 
near  "Wood-street  end  (the  place  where  Cheap-side  Cross 
formerly  stood)  they  made  another  stand,  and  Proclaimed 
their  Majesties  a  third  time.  And  arriving  at  the  Boyal 
Exchange  ahout  two  of  the  clock,  they  Proclaimed  them  a 
fourth  time  ;  and  at  each  Proclamation  the  vast  multitudes  of 
spectators  who  thronged  the  streets,  balconies,  and  windows^ 
fiUed  the  air  with  loud  and  repeated  shouts  and  expressions 
of  joy.  Within  Temple-bar,  and  all  along  Fleet-street,  the 
Orange  Regiment  of  the  City  Militia  lined  both  sides  of  the 
way;  as  did  the  Green  Regiment  within  Ludgate  and  St. 
Paul's  Church-yard ;  the  Blew  Regiment  in  Cheapside ;  and 
the  White  in  Comhil. 


Proclamation  by  the  Vice-chancellor  and  Heads  of  Houses. 

Whereas,  it  hath  pleased  Almighty  God,  in  his  great  mercy 
to  this  Kingdome,  to  vouchsafe  us  a  miraculous  deliverance 
from  Popery  and  arbitrary  power,  and  that  our  preservation 
is  due,  next  under  God,  to  the  resolution  and  conduct  of  His 
Highnesse,  the  Prince  of  Orange,  whome  God  hath  chosen  to 
be  the  glorious  instrument  of  such  an  inestimable  happinesse 
to  us  and  our  posterity ;  and  being  highly  sensible  and  fully 
persuaded  of  the  great  and  eminent  virtues  of  Her  Highnesse, 
the  Princess  of  Orange,  whose  zeal  for  the  Protestant  religion 
wiU  no  doubt  bring  a  blessing  along  with  her  upon  this  nation, 
and  whereas  the  L**  and  Comons  now  assembled  at  West- 
minster have  made  a  Declaration,  and  presented  the  same  to 
the  said  Prince  and  Princesse  of  Orange,  and  therein  desir'd 
them  to  accept  the  Crowne, — ^who  have  accepted  the  same 
accordingly, — ^We,  therefore,  the  Vice-Chancellor,  Heades  of 
Colleges,  Doctors,  Maisters,  and  Schollars  of  this  University 


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825 

of  Cambridge,  do,  w^^  a  full  consent,  publish  and  proclaim 
according  to  the  said  Declaration,  William  and  Mary,  Prince 
and  Princesse  of  Orange,  to  be  King  and  Queen  of  England, 
France,  and  Ireland,  w***  all  the  Dominions  and  Territoryes 
thereunto  belonging.  And  we  do  own,  deem,  accept,  and 
take  them  accordingly,  and  shall  henceforward  acknowledge 
and  pay  unto  them  all  Faith  and  true  Allegiance,  beseeching 
God,  by  whome  kings  reign,  to  blesse  King  William  and 
Queen  Mary  w*^  long  and  happy  yeares  to  reign  over  us. 

God  save  King  William  and  Queen  Mary. 


Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  Covel. 

s% 

I  have  had  an  account  of  the  solemnity  of  the  Pro- 
clamation ;  and  I  am  glad  to  understand  it  was  performed  w*^ 
so  much  decence  by  the  wiser  and  more  considerable  part  of 
y*  university,  and  generosity  on  yo'  part.  The  next  thing  is 
a  book  of  verses.  If  you  do  it  at  all,  y®  sooner  y*  better. 
Concerning  y®  new  Oaths  w***  you  are  to  administer,  I  need 
not  give  instructions  to  you  about  their  legality.  But  because 
many  persons  of  less  understanding  (whom  it  may  be  difficult 
to  persuade)  will  scruple  at  them,  I  will  add  my  thoughts  to 
yours,  that  you  may  have  the  Mler  argument  for  convincing 
them,  if  I  can  add  anything  to  what  you  have  not  thought  of; 
flFor,  seeing  these  Oaths  are  the  main  thing  that  y«  dissatisfied 
part  of  y*  University  scruple,  I  think  I  cannot  do  the  Uni- 
versity better  service  at  present  than  by  removing  the  scruples 
of  as  many  as  have  sense  enough  to  be  convinced  w*^  reason. 
The  argument  I  lay  down  in  the  following  propositions : — 

1.  Fidelity  and  Allegiance  sworn  to  y*  King  is  only  such 
a  fidelity  and  obedience  as  is  due  to  him  by  y*  law  of  y<^  land ; 
ffor  were  that  ffaith  and  allegiance  more  than  what  the  law 

z 


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requires,  we  should  swear  ourselves  slaves,  and  y«  King 
absolute ;  whereas,  by  the  law,  we  are  ffiree  men,  notwith- 
standing those  Oaths. 

2.  When,  therefore,  the  obligation  by  the  law  to  fidelity 
and  allegiance  ceases,  that  by  the  Oath  also  ceases;  ffor  might 
allegiance  be  due  by  the  oath  to  one  person,  whilst  by  the  law 
it  ceases  to  him  and  becomes  due  to  another,  the  oath  might 
oblige  men  to  transgress  the  law  and  become  rebells  or  traitors; 
whereas  the  oath  is  a  part  of  the  law,  and  therefore  ought  to 
be  so  interpreted  as  may  consist  w***  it. 

8.  Fidelity  and  Allegiance  are  due  by  y*  law  to  King 
WiUiam,  and  not  to  TTing  James.  For  the  Statute  of  25 
Edw.  S,  w^*'  defined  all  treasons  against  y**  King,  and  is  y** 
only  statute  to  that  purpose,  by  the  king  understands  not  only 
a  king  de  jure  and  de  facto,  but  also  a  king  de  facto,  though 
not  de  jure,  against  whom  those  treasons  lye.  Whence  the 
L*  Chief  Justice  Hales,  in  his  Pleas  of  the  Crown,  page  IJ^, 
discoursing  of  that  statute,  tells  us  that  a  king  de  facto  and 
not  de  jure,  is  a  king  within  that  Act,  and  that  treason  against 
him  is  punishable,  tho^  the  right  heir  get  the  crown.  And  that 
this  has  been  the  constant  sense  of  the  law,  S'  Rob*.  Sawyer 
also,  upon  my  asking  him  about  it,  has  assure.d  me.  And 
accordingly,  by  another  statute  in  the  first  of  Hen.  7,  'tis 
declared  treason  to  be  in  arms  against  a  king  de  facto,  (such 
as  was  Bichard  the  Third,)  tho'  it  be  in  behalf  of  a  king  de 
jure.  So  then  by  y*  law  of  y«  land  all.  things  are  treason 
against  King  William  w^^  have  been  treason  against  former 
kings ;  and  therefore  the  same  fidelity,  obedience,  and  alle- 
giance w®^  was  due  to  them  is  due  to  him,  and  by  consequence 
may  be  sworn  to  him  by  y*  law  of  y«  land.  Allegiance  and 
protection  are  always  mutuall ;  and,  therefore,  when  K.  James 
ceased  to  protect  us,  we  ceased  to  owe  him  allegiance  by  y* 
law  of  y*  land.  And,  when  King  W.  began  to  protect  us,  we 
begun  to  owe  allegiance  to  him. 

These  considerations  are  in  my  opinion  sufficient  to  remove 


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y®  grand  scruple  about  the  oaths.  If  y*  dissatisfied  party 
accuse  the  Convention  for  maldng  y©  P.  of  Orange  King,  'tis 
not  my  duty  to  judge  those  above  me ;  and  therefore  I  shall 
only  say  that,  if  they  have  done  ill,  ^^  Quod  fieri  non  debuit, 
factu  valet."  And  those  at  Cambridge  ought  not  to  judge 
and  censure  their  superiors,  but  to  obey  and  honour  them 
according  to  the  law  and  the  doctrine  of  passive  obedience. 

Yesterday  a  bill  for  declaring  the  Convention  a  Parliament 
was  read  y*  2^  time  and  committed.  The  Committee  have 
not  yet  finished  their  amendments  of  it.  There  is  no  doubt 
but  it  will  pass.     I  am  in  haste, 

Yo'^  most  humble  Servant, 

Is.  Newton. 

London,  Feb.  21,  1688-9. 


Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  Oovel. 

WeBtminBter,Feb.  28, 1688-9. 

Because  you  cannot  administer  the  new  Oaths  w%ut 
being  authorized  by  an  Act  of  Parliam*,  I  have  spoke  to  the 
gentleman  who  is  to  bring  in  a  Bill  for  imposing  those  Oaths, 
that  he  woidd  hasten  the  bringing  it  in.  I  pray,  send  me 
word  what  is  y*  latest  day  you  may  (by  virtue  of  the  Uni- 
versity statutes)  administer  them  to  the  Commencers ;  that  if 
the  Bill  cannot  be  dispatcht  and  passed  time  enough,  a  clause 
may  be  inserted  for  empouring  you  to  give  the  Inceptors 
their  degrees  afterwards,  or  some  other  care  taken  that  they 
lose  not  their  year.  I  have  spoke  to  M'.  Bridgman  for  y* 
Statute-Book,  who  refuses  to  deliver  it  w^out  an  order  from 
y*  Secretaries'  office.  I  have  got  my  Lord  of  Shrewsbury 
spoke  to  for  an  order ;  and  he  has  promised  it  shall  be  done. 
But  I  have  not  yet  his  order,  as  I  hope  to  have  w^'^in  a  few 
days.     You  may  go  on  with  your  Courts  as  formerly.     The 

z2 


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S28 

only  question  is  about  causes  depending,  whether  they  may 
proceed  as  if  they  had  not  been  interrupted.  A  Bill  is  passing 
here  for  the  continuing  of  such  causes  in  y*  Courts  of  West- 
minster, w***out  putting  men  to  y*  charge  of  beginning  anew. 
If  there  be  any  depending  in  your  Court,  they  may  (for 
preventing  disputes)  begin  anew,  unless  y*  persons  con- 
cerned had  rather  deferr  till  they  be  further  advised.  But, 
for  such  causes  as  are  to  begin  anew,  you  need  make  no 
scruple.  Some  of  o'  members  w*''*  ack*  me  about  yo'  letter  I 
acquainted  w*^  y*  contents  thereof,  to  y*  sense  w*^  you  set 
down  in  yo'^  last. 

Yesterday  we  voted  to  stand  by  y*  King  w"*  o'  lives  and 
fortunes  in  his .  .  .*  against  France,  and  for  composing  things 
at  home  and  reducing  Ireland ;  and  to  day  we  voted  y*  King 

a  land-tax  of  68,820^^.  the  month  for  six  months. 
6 

412,920 

I  am 

Yo'  most  humble  servant. 

Is.  Newton. 


Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  Govel. 

WeBtminster,  March  2^,  1688-9. 

S', 

The  Bill  for  imposing  the  oaths  is  drawn,  and  I 
hope  will  pass  time  enough  for  the  Inceptors.  If  proceedings 
in  yo'^  Court  do  not  run  in  the  Eling's  name,  (as  I  presume 
they  do  not)  you  may  precede  not  only  in  new  causes,  (as  I 
wrote  you  word  in  my  last)  but  abo  in  those  w^  began  in 
the  late  King's  reign,  w^ut  putting  men  to  the  charge  and 
trouble  of  beginning  again;  but  if  processes  in  yo'  Court 
run  in  y^  Eling's  name,  then  all  causes  begun  before  y^  reign 
must  begin  again.    And  all  Leases,  Indentures^  Bonds,  and 

•  Tom. 


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S29 

Buch  like  writings,  muBt  be  dated  the  first  year  of  K.  William 
and  Q.  Mary,  w^^out  expecting  an  Act  of  Parliament  for  that 
purpose.  Yesterday  the  King  of  his  own  accord  sent  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  that  he  was  willing  the  Hearth-money 
tax  should  be  taken  away.  And  a  Bill  was  drawn  up  and 
read  twice  for  suspending  y*  Habeas  CorpuB  Act  for  about 
two  months,  or  lill  the  first  day  of  the  next  term.  To  day 
y«  Houses  of  L***  and  Com*  took  y*  new  Oaths  and  Test; 
none  in  town  scrupling  them,  that  I  have  heard  of. 

I  am,  S% 
Yo'  most  humble  Servant, 

Is.  Newton. 


Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  Cavel. 


s% 


I  find  some  unwilling  here  to  clog  y*  Act  w***  a 
clause  for  enabling  you  to  give  degrees  after  y*  time  lapst 
by  yo'  Statutes;  because  if  you  cannot  do  it  by  y*  Authority 
of  yo'^  Senate  alone,  the  King  may  empower  you  by  his 
Letters.  But  if  you  can  do  by  yo'^  Senate's  Authority,  (as 
Dr.  Cook  seems  to  believe),  it  will  be  much  better.  I  find 
o'^  Cambridge  firiends  here  are  much  inclined  to  my  L**  of 
Dorset  for  a  Chancellour;*  and  if  you  be  not  yet  otherwise 
determined^  I  believe  you  will  do  a  grateful  act  to  those 
above  in  favoring  y«  Election  of  that  honourable  person.  I 
am  in  hast, 

S% 
Yo'  most  humble  Servant, 

Is.  Newton. 

WefltminBter,  March  6th,  1688-9. 


*  The  Chancellor  actually  appointed  was  the  Duke  of  Somerset.    Dr. 
Coyel's  Correspondence  contains  much  upon  the  subject. 


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Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  Coed. 

S', 

I  hare  y*  Statutes   of  y*  University  from  M' 

Bridgman.     But  not  having  yet  y*  Act  of  13  Eliz.  made 

in  confinnation  of  o'  former  Charters,   I  know  not  what 

judgment   to   make  of  things.     I  hope  to  have   that  Act 

in  a  few  days.     S'  Tho.  Clarges  tells  me  he  thinks  it  will 

be  proper  to  confirm  only  y*  originall  Charters  granted  for 

founding  of  Colleges,  and  to  leave  y'  Statutes  to  y*  King's 

pleasure  as  before.     I  must  leave  it  to  you  and  the  Heads 

and  fellows  of  y*  severall  Colleges  to  consider  what's  fit  and 

proper  to  be  confirmed,  and  what  not.     When  the  heat  of 

business  is  a  little  more  over,  the  House  will  be  moved  for 

giving  leave  to  bring  in  a  bill  for  confirming  the  Charters  of 

y*  two  Universityes;  and  then  what  shall  be  convenient  to 

be  confirmed  may  come  into  y"  bill,  or  as  much  of  it  as  can 

conveniently  be  brought  in.    Yesterday  and  to-day  a  grand 

Committee  of  o'  House  has  past  some  votes  about  imposing 

y*  new  oaths,  w*^^  I  had  rather  you  should  have  from  another 

hand.     They  out-voted  us  yesterday  by  about  50  votes.     I 

acquainted  S'  Rob*  Sawyer  w*^  y*  case  of  y*  proctors  you 

sent  me ;  and!  he  suspends  his  judgm*  till  he  can  get  sight  of 

the  late  King's  generaU  pardon,  w^^  he  tells  me  he  cannot 

yet  meet  w*^.     I  am, 

Yo'  most  humble  Servant, 

Is.  Nevtfon. 
London,  Mar.  6,  1688-9. 


Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  Cavel. 

London,  Mar.  16, 1688-9. 

S', 

The  Bill  for  imposing  the  new  oaths  has  been  thrice 
read  in  o'  House,  and  is  ordered  to  be  ingross'd.    I  perused 


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it  a  week  before  it  was  brought  into  the  House^  {that  is  three 
weeks  ago)  and  found  nothing  in  it  for  imposing  y*  new 
oaths  on  all  persons  in  preferments^  but  only  on  those  who 
take  new  preferments.  Being  acquainted  w*^  y*  Gendeman 
who  drew  it  up,  I  discoursed  him  about  y'  designe  of  it  before 
he  drew  it  up,  to  understand  how  he  would  draw  it;  and  after 
he  had  drawn  it  up  he  shewed  me  y*  draught,  to  satisfy  me  y* 
it  was  not  for  imposing  y*  new  oaths  on  all  in  preferm^^  but 
only  on  such  as  ought  to  have  taken  y'  old  ones,  according 
to  Y  laws  heretofore  made.  This  I  acquaint  you  with  par- 
ticularly, because  I  would  have  y*  Universitye  satisfied  that 
these  new  oaths  are  not  designed  to  be  imposed  on  them  all ; 
as  I  am  told  they  still  believe,  tho'  I  wrote  formerly  to  remove 
this  their  prejudice.  So  soon  as  y*  Act  comes  out,  I  will  send 
you  a  copy  of  it.  I  have,  by  reason  of  some  indisposition, 
kept  my  chamber  for  a  few  days,  and  so  cannot  give  you  a 
distinct  account  of  what  has  lately  been  done  in  o'  House. 
That  w^*^  I  can  tell  you  is,  that  yesterday  y*  House  voted  to 
repay  y"  Dutch  600,0(W^*,  and  to-day  y*  Bong  made  a  speech 
in  y*  House  of  Lords  about  y*  Test  for  excluding  Papists 
from  offices. 

S%  I  am, 
Yo'  most  humble  servant. 

Is.  Newton. 


/SkV  IsacLc  Newton  to  Dr.  Covel. 

S', 

The  Latine  clause  of  the  oath  which  you  sent  me 
in  one  of  your  letters  I  conceive  ought  to  be  omitted,  and 
both  the  new  oaths  administered  in  English,  so  soon  as  y'  Bill 
for  administring  them  shall  come  out.  The  case  you  sent 
me  in  yo'  last  I  take  to  be  very  plain  for  y*  proctors ;  but 
I  will  send  you  a  ftirther  answer  when  I  have  advised  about 


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SS2 

it.  There  is  a  Bill  designed  for  confirming  the  Statutes  of 
both  Uniyersities^  and  those  also  of  the  sererall  Colleges.  I 
desire  you  would  procure  me  a  copy  of  y*  Statute  w«^  past  in 
Q.  Elizabeth's  reign  for  that  purpose.  And  if  there  be  any 
other  ancient  Acts  of  Parliam*  of  that  kind  in  your  Statute- 
books^  you  would  oblige  me  w*^  copies  of  them.  I  believe 
it  would  be  convenient  that  y"  University  should  cause  their 
Statute-books  to  be  reviewed,  and  such  chapters  to  be  noted 
as  they  would  have  confirmed.  And,  if  they  would  have 
any  thing  added  or  altered,  that  should  also  be  noted,  that 
it  may  be  considered  here.  Such  notes  may  be  made  in  a 
distinct  paper  tackt  to  y  end  of  y*  book.  And  I  could  wish 
that  the  same  thing  were  done  by  every  College  for  their 
College  Statute-book,  that  their  books  may  be  ready  against 
y*  drawing  up  of  a  Bill  for  their  confirmation.  Yo'^  rights 
of  y*  press  and  University  Preachers  ought  also  to  be  stated, 
how  they  are  or  should  be ;  and  if  there  be  any  thing  els, 
as  y*  wine-licenses  or  y*  foundations  of  professorships,  w®^ 
needs  confirmation.  I  have  not  yet  seen  y*  ancient  Acts 
of  Pari,  made  in  confirmation  of  y*  University  Statutes,  and 
therefore  know  not  what  form  will  be  observed  in  this  new 
one,  nor  whether  all  that  I  speak  of  will  be  taken  in ;  but 
it's  good  to  have  all  in  readiness,  and  for  that  end  I  give 
you  as  timely  notice  as  I  can.  The  Bill  about  the  new 
oaths  sent  up  from  o'  House  to  y*  Lords  was  there  laid 
aside,  and  a  new  one  more  severe  sent  down  from  them  to 
us.  This  has  been  read  twice  in  o'  House  and  is  conmiitted. 
In  the  Comittee  I  believe  it  will  be  mollified. 

S%  I  am, 
Yo'  most  humble  Servant, 

Is.  Newton. 

London,  March  29,  16S9. 


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Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  Covel. 

This  day,  upon  a  motion  ms^de  by  S'  Tho.  Clarges, 
for  Oxford,  and  by  me  for  Cambridge,  the  House  of  Commons 
gave  leave  to  bring  in  a  Bill  to  settle  the  Charters  and  Privi- 
leges of  y*  Universities. 

They  have  resolved  at  Oxford  what  to  have  done,  and  sent 
up  the  form  of  a  Bill  to  S'  Tho.  Clarges.  If  you  at  Cam- 
bridge neglect  yo'  advantage,  as  you  seem  to  do,  I  will  take 
y*  best  care  I  can  of  it.  But  I  think  it  may  deserve  a  little 
of  yo'  care.  And  if,  at  that  distance  you  are  from  hence,  you 
cannot  communicate  your  advice  so  easily  as  might  be  desired, 
you  may  perhaps  do  well  to  send  up  one  or  two  intelligent 
persons  (with  such  instructions  as  you  shall  think  fit)  for  us  to 
consult  with  here  in  drawing  y*  Bill.  But  if  you  send  up 
any  body,  pray  let  him  be  moderate  as  well  as  intelligent; 
and  let  'em  be  sent  as  soon  as  may  be.  In  hopes  to  heare 
from  you  about  this  matter,  I  rest 

Yo'  most  humble  servant. 

Is.  Newton. 

London,  Ap.  30th,  1689. 


Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  Covel. 
S', 

Since  I  can  heare  nothing  from  you  about  y«  Uni- 
versity concern  w*^  is  now  upon  y*  board,  we  intend  to  do  it 
as  well  as  we  can  w^**out  you.  That  w''^  I  would  now  desire 
of  you  is,  to  procure  me  a  copy  of  y*  Letters  Patents  dated 


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y«  18***  of  August,  in  y"  SI**  year  of  Queen  Elizabeth.     In 
hast,  I  am, 

Yo'  most  humble  serrant. 

Is.  Newton. 

May  5^,  1689. 


Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  Covel. 

London,  May  7th,  1689. 


3', 


I  received  yo"  of  May  y*  4*^,  wherein  you  mention 
two  former  letters  w«**  I  received  not,  w^^  I  am  troubled  at, 
because  you  tell  me  that  you  therein  gave  me  the  result  of  all 
your  thoughts  about  the  business  in  hand.  I  thank  you  for 
what  you  add  to  them  in  this  I  have  received.  My  copy 
of  the  Bill  w*^  came  from  Oxford,  is  at  p'^sent  in  S'  Bpob'. 
Sawyer's  hands.  But  the  Summ  of  it  is  this — ^ffirst,  the  body 
of  the  Statute  of  18  Eliz.  for  incorporating  the  Universities, 
and  confirming  their  Charters  and  privileges,  is  recited.  Then 
the  Letters  Patents  of  Queen  Eliz.,  dated  August  y*  13*^,  in 
the  31**  year  of  her  reign,  to  o'  University,  and  other  Letters 
Patents  of  Charles  y*  Second  granted  to  Oxford,  and  all  other 
Letters  Patents  and  Charters  granted  to  either  University,  at 
any  time  either  since  or  before  y*  13*?*  of  Q.  Eliz.,  are  con- 
firmed ;  and  so  are  all  the  privileges  and  properties  of  both 
Universities.  Then  y'  Letters  Patents  and  Charters  for 
founding  y*  severall  colleges,  or  for  confirming  their  founda- 
tions, possessions,  and  privileges,  are  ratified.  Then  follows 
a  clause,  empowering  the  visitors,  two  divinity  professors  and 
master  of  every  college,  to  revise  y*  Statutes  of  that  college, 
and  strike  out  what  ever  favours  Popery,  and  instead  thereof, 
to  insert  other  precepts  agreable  to  y*  reformed  religion. 


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This  is  y*  summ  of  y*  Bill  as  it  came  from  Oxferd.  Toge- 
ther  w*^  a  copy  of  this  Bill,  I  gave  S'  Rob*.  Sawyer  a  paper 
of  some  other  heads,  for  inhibiting  mandates,  regulating 
visitations,  entituling  Professors  to  livings  annexed  to  their 
professorships,  granting  one  book  of  every  printed  copy  to 
ye  publick  library  of  either  University  for  ever,  and  restoring 
the  right  of  University  preachers. 

I  should  be  glad  of  your  further  directions  about  any  other 
matters  of  moment,  not  too  particular  to  be  inserted  in  a  gen- 
eral Bill.  I  sent  you  y*  BiU  concerning  y  oaths  on  Satxirday 
was  se'night;  and,  since  it  came  not  to  yo*^  hands,  I  have  in 
this  letter  inclosed  another  copy  of  that  Bill. 

S%  I  am, 
Yo'  most  humble  servant. 

Is.  Newton. 


Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  Oovel, 

Honoured  S', 

Being  confined  to  my  chamber  by  a  cold  and 
bastard  pleurisy,  I  shall  have  no  opportunity  of  conferring 
w*^  S'  Bob*  Sawyer  so  soon  as  you  desire,  and  therefore  have 
sent  you  an  answer  apart,  and  sent  your  letter  to  him  to  an- 
swer it  as  soon  as  he  can.  The  Declaration  to  be  subscribed 
is  not  y*  latter  part  of  y*  second  new  oath,  but  y*  Declaration 
mentioned  pag.  195  in  y*  New  Act  for  imposing  these  Oaths, 
and  conteined  at  large  in  y*  Act  of  y*  30*^  of  K.  Charles  -y* 
2*.  This  is  to  be  understood  of  those  who  take  Degrees, 
and  come  into  new  preferments  of  Mastership,  ffellowship, 
and  Scholarships;  ffor  those  already  preferred  are  only  to 


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take  y*  two  new  oatKs  w*^out  making  and  subscribing  y» 
Dedaration.  By  repeating  j*  Declaration  is  meant  repeat- 
ing it  after  y  officer  who  readeth  it.  These  words,  *'  that  I 
will  conform  to  y«  Liturgy  of  y  Church  of  England,  as  it  is 
now  by  law  established,"  are  still  in  force,  and  must  be  sub- 
scribed as  before.  I  would  advise  you  to  admit  no  more 
swearing  by  proxy.  For  it  is  not  swearing  in  y*  sense  of 
that  law  w®*^  imposes  y*  oaths,  and  by  which  you  must  be 
judged.  Nor  is  the  law  to  be  broken  for  y*  convenience  of 
commencers ;  especially  sincQ  it  may  prove  as  much  to  your 
inconvenience,  should  you  be  called  to  account  for  breaking 
it,  as  to  theirs  for  you  to  keep  it. 

I  am,  S% 
Yo'  most  humble  servant. 

Is.  Newton. 

May  10,  16S9. 


Sir  Isaac  Newton  to  Dr.  CoveL 

May  16«k,  i689. 

s^ 

I  communicated  yo'  letter  of  quaeres  to  S'  Rob*. 
Sawyer,  and  have  enclosed  o'  common  answer  to  them.  The 
law  requires  that  y*  Declaration  be  subscribed  only ;  but  we 
are  of  opinion,  that,  for  preventing  questions  about  men's 
having  sworn  or  not  sworn,  a  record  of  that  also  be  made  and 
kept ;  w***  may  be  done  by  an  order  of  y*  Senate  and  of  every 
College  apart.  I  thank  you  heartily  for  yo'  care  and  pains  in 
getting  y'  catalogue  of  y*  15  heads  to  be  inserted  into  y«  Bill 
we  are  bringing  in.  The  confirming  of  your  statutes  w*^  such 
a  reserve  as  you  propose,  S^  Bob*,  and  I  had  been  considering 
before,  and  agreed  it  was  not  advisable,  because  it  would  not 
be  to  confirm  to  you  a  privilege,  but  to  give  you  a  new  one, 
and  to  take  away  an  undoubted  and  indisputable  right  of 


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y*  Crown.  What  concerns  y*  College  of  Physitdans  I  com- 
municated to  one  of  y*  College^  and  find  it  will  not  be 
admitted  w^out  engaging  y*  House  in  a  hazzardous  debate. 
1  have  seen  y*  form  of  a  petition  for  an  explication  of  true 
allegiance^  and  am  told  it  goes  up  and  down  amongst  you  for 
hands.  I  can  neither  perswade  nor  diswade  any  man  from 
subscribing  it ;  but  yet  I  think  it  my  duty  to  acquaint  you 
that  I  have  endeavoured  much  to  feel  y*  puis  of  y*  House 
about  such  an  explication  of  allegiance^  and  find  such  an 
averseness  from  it^  that  I  am  of  opinion  y*  petition  can  do  no 
good^  but  may  do  much  hurt  if  ill-resented  by  y*  Houses. 
When  you  write  by  y*  carrier,  direct  yo'  letter  to  me  at 
M'.  More's  house,  in  the  broad  Century,  at  y*  West  end  of 
Westminster  Abby. 

S',  I  am, 
Yo'  most  humble  and  faithfull  servant. 

Is.  Newton. 


Dedaration  hy  Sir  Robert  Sawyer  and  Sir  Isaac 
Newton. 

Honored  S% 

In  answer  to  the  Questions  you  desire  satisfaction 
in.  Wee  are  of  opinion,  and  soe  the  course  and  practise  is, 
that  the  Oaths  are  not  to  be  subscribed,  only  the  Declaration 
being  faire  writ  in  a  parchment  roll  or  booke,  and  after  the 
persons  have  audibly  repeated  it,  they  subscribe  their  names. 
It  is  fit  as  a  Memoriall  of  theire  takcing  the  Oaths  and  of 
theire  repeating  the  Declaration,  that  a  memorandum  bee 
entered  upon  the  roll  or  booke  of  the  subscribers  takeing 
the  Oaths  and  repeating  the  Declaration,  with  the  time 
when.  And  this,  for  your  self,  and  the  Masters  of  Colledges 
and  Halls,  Proctors,  and  Beadles,  is  to  be  done  publickly  in 
Convocation,  before  the  Senior  Masters  there  present.    All 


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SS8 

Commencers  are  to  take  the  Oaths  and  subscribe  the  Decla- 
ratiou  before  your  selfe  in  the  Congregation  House;   and 
persons  abready  promoted  to  any  degree  within  the  Univer- 
sity, w^^  are  neither  Fellows  or  Scholars  of  any  Hall  or  Col- 
ledge,  are  to  do  it  before  the  Vicechancellor  in  the  Congre- 
gation-House.     The  Fellows  and  Scholars  of  any  Hall  or 
Colledge,  under  the  degree  of  a  Baron,  before  the  Master 
or  FroYost  of  the  Hall  and  Colledge;  where  likewise  the  sub- 
scription is  onely  to  the  Declaration,  but  fit  to  make  the  like 
memorandum  upon  the  booke  or  roll  to  bee  kept  by  the 
respective  CoUedges  and  Halls.    The  law  to  w^^  the  late  Act 
refers  to  is  7  Jac.  cap.  6,  not  S  Jac.,  as  you  are  pleased  to 
mention.   We  are  of  opinion  that,  where  persons  are  allready 
under  severall  capacityes,  once  takeing  of  the  Oaths  in  the 
place  of  theire  aboads  and  subscribing  the  Declaration  before 
1  Aug.  is  sufficient  to  exempt  them  out  of  the  penaltyes  of  the 
Act.    You  are  no  wayes  obliged  to  cite  the  Heads;  for  both 
you  and  they  are  to  take  the  Oaths  before  the  Senior  Masters 
in  Convocation,  which  word  the  Statute  useth,  but  I  suppose 
with  you  is  called  Congregation ;  and  it  will  bee  incumbent 
on  the  Heads  to  attend  some  Congregation  before  the  first  of 
August ;  but,  to  prevent  all  exception,  it  may  not  bee  amiss 
to  hold  a  Congregation  a  day  or  two  before  the  first  of 
August. 

R.  Sawybk. 

Is.  Newton. 


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NOTE  OF  AIL  HIS  MAJESTTS  PBIYTE  SEAIES 


XICBTTBD  BT 


SIR  CHARLES  CORNWALUS,  KNIGHTE, 


AFPOINTBO 


dttAUmx  Ux  tfie  (Sountfi  of  Jtorf^Iit,  ULnm  Sommt  1604. 

OOMKUNIOATBD  BT 

RICHARD  WARD,  OF  SALHOUSE,  ESQ. 


In  the  remarks  prefixed  to  the  Letter  of  Privy  Seal, 
printed  by  this  Society,  Vol.  L,  p.  123,  it  was  observed 
that  much  and  valuable  light  would  be  thrown  upon  the 
history  of  Norfolk  and  its  state  at  any  given  period,  when 
it  should  be  found  possible  to  ascertain  the  quantity  of 
money  which  it  was  proposed  to  raise  throughout  the 
county  by  similar  Letters,  and  to  find  to  whom  they  were 
addressed,  and  what  was  the  sum  required  from  each  sepa- 
rate person.  It  was  at  the  same  time  admitted,  that  this 
was  a  kind  of  information  which  there  were  small  hopes 
of  obtaining.  And  such  continued  to  be  the  feeling,  previ- 
ously to  the  discovery  of  the  document  quoted  above,  which 
is  preserved  in  the  University  Library  at  Cambridge,  marked 
D.  d.  viii.  40;  and  which,  being  completely  to  the  point, 
has  now  removed  the  obstacle  that  it  was  then  feared  would 
prove  insuperable.  Of  this  Manuscript  the  following  is  a* 
copy.    It  is  not,  indeed,  of  precisely  the  same  date  as  the 


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S40 

Privy  Seal  addressed  to  Mr.  Ward.  But  that  very  discre- 
pancy gives  it  additional  interest;  for  it  naturally  leads  to 
the  question^  whether  applications  of  this  sort  were  made 
at  stated  periods^  and,  if  so,  whether  the  intervals  between 
these  periods  were  fixed  by  precedent,  or  rendered  regular 
by  custom ;  as  also,  whether,  although  the  present  list  seems 
to  infer  a  general  call  throughout  the  county,  particular 
calls  may  not,  for  certain  reasons,  have  been  made  upon 
individuals  at  other  times,  as  was  apparently  the  case  with 
Mr.  Ward.  The  number  of  those  here  applied  to  is  730  : 
the  total  sum  proposed  to  be  raised  is  £16,430, — ^a  strong 
indication  this  of  the  wealth  of  Norfolk  at  that  juncture; 
as  the  several  demands  may  reasonably  be  considered  to 
denote  the  standing  and  the  supposed  relative  opulence  of 
the  party.  But  how  far  any  inference  may  also  fairly  be 
drawn  as  to  his  loyalty,  and  how  far  a  larger  sum  may 
have  been  asked  by  way  of  compliment  from  those  who 
were  regarded  as  most  disposed  to  contribute,  or  may  have 
been  demanded  by  way  of  fine  from  the  disafifected,  it  were 
now  perhaps  impossible  to  determine.  By  such  documents, 
however, — and  especially  if  drawn  up  as  the  present  is,  with 
the  residence  of  most  of  the  persons, — we  do  assuredly  see 
who  were  the  leading  men  of  the  time  in  our  several  pa- 
rishes; and  we  may  gratify  not  only  our  natural  curiosity, 
but  a  better  feeling,  by  tracing  in  what  cases — few  these 
indeed  —  their  posterity  are  still  to  be  found  in  the  same 
locality  and  station,  or  who  are  now  their  successors,  and 
how  often  the  estate  or  manor  which  conferred  importance 
or  privilege, 

**  Kunc  prece,  nunc  pretio,  nunc  vi,  nunc  sorte  supremi, 
Mutavit  dominos,  et  cessit  in  altera  jura." 


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341 


jFot  ti)e  €itie  of  i^ortoicf). 


U. 

K. 

Aldritch  Michaell 

.  20 

.  20 

Aanguishe  Thomas 

.  20 

Jermye  John 

.  20 

Aldrithe  Augustine 

.  20 

Johnson  Willm. 

.  20 

Aldrithe  John 

.  20 

Eitohingman  Clement 

.  20 

Browne  Richard 

.  30 

Loueda  Richard 

.  20 

Beest  Henxye 

(sol.  20U.)  30 

Layer  Thomas     . 

.  20 

BlosBt  Thomas 

.  20 

Lynnett  John 

.  10 

Bussty  Willm. 

.  20 

Lawes  Lewsion 

.  20 

Bretayn  Willm. 

.  20 

Mathewe  Robte. 

.  20 

Brumell  Danyell 

.  20 

Mower  Robte.     . 

.  20 

Barman  Dtor.,  (?  Doctor)           .  40 

Mingaie  John 

.  20 

Barrett  Christopher 

.  20 

Marker  Anthonye 

.  20 

Baiter  James 

.  20 

Maxes  Leonard 

.  30 

Bryerton  Cuthbert 

,  20 

Norris  Titus 

.  20 

Branthwayto  Wm.» 

.  20 

Korris  John 

.  20 

Comewalies  Charles,  Knight      .  80 

Korsforthe  Thomas 

.  20 

Cooke  Robte.,  senior 

.  20 

Newehouse  Gregorye 

.  20 

Catlyn  Thomas    . 

.  30 

Kuttinge  Edward 

.  30 

Cullyer  Josua 

.  30 

Peters  William 

.  30 

Drake  William    . 

.  20 

Pie  Thomas 

.  30 

Dibney  Roberto 

(sol.  20^.)  40 

Pettus  Thomas 

.  20 

Davye  Henrye 

.  20 

Peterson  Spenser 

.  20 

Danyell  John 

.  10 

Parker  Michaell 

.  20 

De  Wild  Peter 

.  30 

Palmer  Nicholas 

.  20 

De  Henne  James 

.  30 

Potter  Robte. 

.  20 

Elmye  Henrye 

.  30 

Pettus  John 

.  50 

£mmes  Nicholas 

.  20 

Payne  John 

.  20 

Ferro'  Richard 

.  20 

Powell  Charles    . 

.  20 

Garsett  Robert    . 

.  30 

Robinson  Regester 

.  20 

Gaywood  Roger 

.  20 

Hugg  Francis 

.  20 

Gleane  Peter 

.  40 

Read  John 

.  20 

Gibson  Robte. 

.  20 

Russell  John 

.  20 

Galyard  Henrye 

.  20 

Ritchardson  Thomas 

.  30 

Grene  Robte. 

.  20 

Sidner  x>f  Cairowe 

.  10 

Garsett  Robte.,  junior 

.  20 

Stokes  Thomas 

.  20 

Hyme  Thomas,  Hayoi 

.  30 

Sotherton  Thomas 

.  30 

Hemynge  Thomas 

.  20 

Sotherton  Mathewe     . 

.  20 

Hall  Thomas 

.  30 

Seaman  Willm. 

.  20 

Hoaringe  Thomas 

.  20 

Symonds  John 

.  20 

Hoamseye  Robte. 

.  20 

Smalepeice  Francis 

.  20 

Hanham  Wm.,  Procto 

r       .        .20 

Smythe  Jerrerd 

.  20 

Hall  Walter 

.  20 

Smythe  Randoll 

.  20 

Hall  George 

.  20 

Some  Ellis 

.  20 

•  By  ft  later  h« 

Dd. 

Sadler  Richard 

.  20 

2a 


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342 


Stile  Anthonye 
Silver  John 
Tesxnonde  John 
Tompson  John     . 
Tesmonde  Thomas 
Thunton  Alexander 


u. 

.  20 

Witfeilde  John 

.  20 

Watte  Lawrence 

.  40 

Weld  Roger 

.  20 

Wattes  George 

.  30 

Yaxley  Henrye 

.  80 

li. 
20 
20 
20 
20 
80 


<!Rreate  fSaxmout^t. 


Bennett  John 
Crowland  John 
Cooper  Isack 
Cowland  John 
Cowper  Beniamyn 
Oraie  WlUm. 
Hnm'erston  •  •  • 
Ponyett  Jefferye 
Stevenson  John 
Scarthe  Nicholas 


.  20 

Stanton  WUlm. 

.  20 

.  20 

Scarthe  Robte. 

.  20 

.  20 

Throwarde  John 

.  20 

.  20 

Tompson  Thomas 

.  20 

.  20 

Walleis  Bichazd 

.  20 

.  20 

Weld  Charles 

.  20 

.  20 

Watson  Edward 

.  20 

.  20 

Wheeler  John 

.  20 

.  20 

Yonges  William 

.  20 

ILsnn  Xlegiss. 


Athowe  Thomas 

.  30 

Oxborowe  Thomas 

.  30 

Butler  John 

.  20 

a 

Bacon  John 

.  20 

diferent  hand.) 

Baker  Thomas 

.  30 

SendaU  Thomas 

.  30 

Claybome  Thomas 

.  20 

Yiolett  Henrye    . 

.  20 

aarke  Mathewe 

.  20 

Statton  Hellen 

.  20 

Carewe  Symond 

.  20 

Piggott  Alice,  wedowe 

.  20 

Cartwright  Peter 

.  80 

Reave  John 

.  20 

Graue  Katherine,  wid. 

100 

Pell  John,  of  Dessingh'm 

.  30 

Guibone  Thomas 

.  40 

Wayte  Henrye 

.  20 

Gibson  Thomas 

.  20 

Walleis  Edmonde,  gen. 

.  20 

Hoode  Willm. 

.  20 

Blmes  Bdmonde 

.  60 

Kircher  John 

.  20 

Fenn  Willm. 

.  40 

Lawson  Roger 

.  20 

Ct)e  <Etountie  of  i^otfollt. 


Andleye  Katheiine,  wid. 

.  30 

Amyas  Christopher 

.  20 

Astie  Robte.,  senio'     . 

.  20 

Anguishe  Edmond 

.  20 

Astyne  Richard 

.  30 

Athill  John,  of  Geistwicke 

.  20 

Alden  Nicholas 

.  20 

Atdame  John 

.  20 

Armiger  William,  gen. 

.  30 

Awpe  Edward 

.  20 

Amyas  Thomas 

.  10 

Aldame  John 

.  20 

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u. 

u. 

20 

Atmer  Robte.,  of  Rocklonde 

.  20 

20 

Bameye  Richard 

.  20 

20 

Banham  Wm. 

.  20 

20 

Bagge  •  •  • 

.  20 

20 

Blackbome  Robte. 

.  20 

20 

Bishopp  of  Norwich  • 

.  60 

30 

Banham  Thomas 

.  20 

AntleWm. 

Aldridge  Austen 

Astie  Thomas,  of  Est  Derham   . 

Aimer  Richard,  of  Northold 

Amyas  Richard,  of  Dunham 

Acres  Wm.,  of  Sedgeforde 

Allen  Thomas,  of  Wilthingh'm  . 


•  It  can  scarcely  fail  to  be  considered  remarkable,  that,  while  the  Bishop 
is  here  called  upon  to  contribute  so  large  a  sum,  not  a  single  member  of  the 
nobility  of  the  county  aboye  the  rank  of  Knight  appears  upon  the  list,  nor 
an  individual  among  the  beneficed  clergy :  indeed,  that  of  the  clergy  alto- 
gether the  names  are  yery  <*  few  and  far  between."  This  may  possibly  haye 
arisen  from  the  &ct,  that  the  clergy  were  taxed  in  Convocation,  not  in  Par- 
liament, and  that  separate  commissions  were  always  issued  for  levying 
benevolences  upon  them  and  upon  the  laity.  It  is  even  possible  that  Letters 
of  Privy  Seal  may  have  been  sent  to  the  Bishops,  commanding  them  to 
apply  to  those  of  their  respective  dioceses ;  so  that  the  small  number  in 
this  List  may  have  been  called  upon  in  their  quality  of  prominent  land- 
holders or  men  of  property.  What  it  is  to  be  feared  is  more  probable  is, 
that  the  solution  of  the  question  is  rather  to  be  sought  in  the  degraded 
state  of  the  profession  at  that  period.  This  is  most  graphically  described 
by  Mr.  Macaulay  in  his  History  of  England,  the  following  extract  from  which, 
as  given  in  the  limes  of  Dec.  26,  headed  by  the  short  observations  of  that 
able  journal,  is  so  apposite  on  the  present  occasion,  that  it  cannot  but  be 
acceptable  to  the  reader. 

**  Perhaps  none  of  Mr.  Macaulay's  sketches  will  create  more  surprise  in  the 
hitherto  careless  reader  than  the  character  drawn  of  the  clergy  of  these 
times.  The  ecclesiastical  revolution  under  King  Henry  Vill.  had  robbed 
the  church  of  the  endowments  and  influence  which  attracted  the  inclinations 
of  the  nobles.  *  During  the  century  which  followed  the  accession  of  Eliza- 
beth scarcely  a  single  person  of  noble  descent  took  orders.'  The  support 
derived  from  tithe  was  then  barely  one-seventh  of  what  it  now  is ;  so  that 
rectors  and  vicars  stood  in  very  different  relations  from  the  present  towards 
their  secular  neighbours.  For  the  especial  benefit  of  young  Oxford  deacons 
just  entering,  with  the  prestige  of  Baliol  or  Brasenose,  upon  their  social 
position,  we  transcribe,  in  its  full  dimensions,  the  following  portrait  of  the 
fortunes  and  prospects  of  their  predecessors  :— 

**  *A  young  Levite — such  was  the  phrase  then  in  use— might  be  had  for 
his  board,  a  small  garret,  and  £10.  a-year,  and  might  not  only  perform  his 
own  professional  functions,  might  not  only  be  the  most  patient  of  butts  and 
of  listeners,  might  not  only  always  be  ready  in  fine  weather  for  bowls,  and 
in  rainy  weather  for  shovelboard,  but  might  also  save  the  expense  of  a 
gardener  or  a  groom.  Sometimes  the  reverend  man  nailed  up  the  apricots, 
and  sometimes  he  curried  the  coach-horses.  He  cast  up  the  farriers'  bills. 
He  walked  ten  miles  with  a  message  or  a  parcel.    If  he  was  permitted  to 

2a2 


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Bameje  Thomas,  Knighte 

60 

Backster  Thomas 

.  30 

Baker  Edward 

20 

BeU  Edmund,  Knighte 

.  20 

Bunting,  wid. 

60 

Barkam  Thomas 

.  20 

Buxton  Francis 

20 

Barkam  Bobte. 

.  20 

Bamewell  Stephen 

30 

Barnard  Edmonde 

.  20 

Browne  Anthonje,  Knighte 

20 

Bucke  Raphe 

.  20 

Bedingfeild  Thomas     (sol.  20".) 

40 

Blomefild  James 

.  10 

Bateman  John 

30 

Bedingfild  Nicholas 

.  20 

Barlo  Wm. 

20 

Betts  John 

.  20 

Breese  Edward 

20 

Blake  Jasper 

.  20 

dine  with  the  family  he  was  expected  to  content  himself  with  the  plainest 
fiure.  He  might  fill  himself  with  the  corned  beef  and  the  carrots,  but  as 
soon  as  the  tarts  and  cheesecakes  made  their  appearance  he  quitted  his  seat 
and  stood  aloof  till  he  was  summoned  to  return  thanks  for  the  repast,  from  a 
great  part  of  which  he  had  been  excluded. 

*< '  Perhaps  after  some  years'  service  he  was  presented  to  a  living  sufficient 
to  support  him ;  but  he  often  found  it  necessary  to  purchase  his  preferment 
by  a  species  of  simony,  which  furnished  an  inexhaustible  subject  of  plea- 
santry to  three  or  four  generations  of  scoffers.  With  his  cure  he  was  ex- 
pected to  take  a  wife.  The  wife  had  ordinarily  been  in  the  patron's  service ; 
and  it  was  well  if  she  was  not  suspected  of  standing  too  high  in  the  patron's 
fiivour.  Indeed,  the  nature  of  the  matrimonial  connexions  which  the 
clergymen  of  that  age  were  in  the  habit  of  forming  is  the  most  certain 
indication  of  the  place  which  the  order  held  in  the  social  system.  An 
Oxonian,  writing  a  few  months  after  the  death  of  Charles  II.,  complained 
bitterly  not  only  that  the  country  attorney  and  the  country  apothecary 
looked  down  with  disdain  on  the  country  clergyman,  but  that  one  of  the 
lessons  most  earnestly  inculcated  on  every  girl  of  honourable  family  was 
to  give  no  encouragement  to  a  lover  in  orders,  and  that  if  any  young  lady 
forgot  this  precept,  she  was  almost  as  much  disgraced  as  by  an  illicit  amour. 
Clarendon,  who  assuredly  bore  no  ill  will  to  the  church,  mentions  it  as  a 
sign  of  the  confusion  of  ranks  which  the  great  Bebellion  had  produced,  that 
some  damsels  of  noble  families  had  bestowed  themselves  on  divines.  A 
waiting- woman  was  generally  considered  as  the  most  suitable  helpmate  for 
a  parson.  Queen  Elizabeth,  as  head  of  the  church,  had  given  what  seemed 
to  be  a  formal  sanction  to  this  prejudice,  by  issuing  special  orders  that  no 
clergyman  should  presume  to  marry  a  servant  girl  without  the  consent  of 
her  master  or  mistress.  During  several  generations,  accordingly,  the  rela- 
tions between  piiests  and  handmaidens  was  a  theme  for  endless  jest ;  nor 
would  it  be  easy  to  find  in  the  comedy  of  the  seventeenth  century  a  single 
instance  of  a  clergyman  who  wins  a  spouse  above  the  rank  of  a  cook.  Even 
BO  late  as  the  time  of  George  II.,  the  keenest  of  all  observers  of  life  and 
manners,  himself  a  priest,  remarked,  that  in  a  great  household  the  chaplain 
was  the  resource  of  a  lady's-maid  whose  character  had  been  blown  upon, 
and  who  was  therefore  forced  to  give  up  hopes  of  catching  the  steward.'  '* 


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S45 


u. 
Badgetroste  Richard  .  20 

Bradleye  Henrye  .        .  20 

Bale  Edmond,  of  TVldLlewoode  .  10 
Bonde  Lawrence  .  *     .20 

Browne  Nicholas         .  .  20 

Barnard  Robte,  of  Langh'm  .  20 
BealesJohn  .  20 

Boisepoole  Richarde  .        *  20 

BellWm.  .  .  20 

Bearie  Henrye,  Cleric.  .  .  80 
BenweU  Nicholas  (sol.  20^.)  30 
Buxton  R'bte.  .        .  40 

Benington  John  (sol.  10".)  20 

Bacon  Nathaniell,  Knighte  .  50 
Barker  Henrye  (sol.  25^,)  80 

Barnes  John  (sol.  10^^.)  20 

Beckland  Richard  .  20 

Buller  Roger,  of  Oeistwicke.         40 

(sol.  20W.) 
Bromald  Thomas  .        .  20 

Blomfild  John,  of  Albye  .  20 

Browne  Richard,  of *  .20 

(sol.  18"  6«  8<».) 
Browne  Robte.,  of  Walton  .  20 
Beavis  Richard,  of  Stomston  .  10 
Blomefild  John,  of  Estderham  .  20 
Badleye  Thomas,  of  Porlande  .  80 
Browne  Richard,  of  Tacolneston  20 
Blomefild  Wm.  of  Disse  .  .  20 
Bartrame  John,  of  Melton,  Cleric.  20 
Bateman  Robte.  .        .  20 

Baisepoole  Robte.        .  .  20 

Barnes  Wm.  .        .  20 

Barker  Richard  .  .  20 

Baisepoole  Richard  .        .  20 

Barnard  Robte.,  of  Langdame  .  40 
Brend,  wid.  .        .  20 

Bull  Stephen  .  20 

Bateman  Thomas,  of  Flizton  .  20 
Beeston  Thomas  .  .  20 

Benslie  John,  of  Upton  .  .  20 
Branthwaite  Henrye    .  .  30 

Browne  Phillippe  .        .  20 

Boulte  Henry,  of  Welles  .  20 

Bullock  Thomas,  of  Walsingh'm  20 

•  Illegible. 


Bramton    Henrye,     of    Blowe 

Norton  20 

Baxter  Nicholas  .  .  20 

Buxton  Thomas,  of  Tibbenham  20 
Bransbye  Rbte.  .  .  20 

Billament  John  .        .  20 

Brett  Andrewe  .  .  20 

Blackbome  Henrye,  of  Windham  20 
Browne  Robte.,  of  Sonthwalsh'm  20 
Boddam  Robte.,  of  Swafham  .  20 
Branthwaite  Miles  .  80 

Burgeis  Richard,  of  Brisley  .  20 
Basepoole  John,  of  Barton  .  20 
Beane   Henrye,    of     Gresham, 

Cleric.  .  .  20 

Bartlett  Edward,  Esq.  .  20 

Berye of  Wurlingh'm         .  20 

Blackforde  Richarde  .        .  20 

Corbett  Miles,  Knight  .  30 

Conesbie  Jhane,  wid.  .        .  20 

Crowe  Christopher  .  80 

Campe  Robte.  .        .  20 

Clifton  Henrye  .  •  20 

Cullyer  Philippe  .        .  20 

Carman  Wm.,  of  Bamhamthorpe  20 
Caster  Christopher,  of  Wooddau- 

linge  .  .  20 

Cobb  Wm.,  of  Nayton  .  .  80 
Cockett  Thomas,  Esq.  .  20 

Croake  John,  of  Southwalsham .  20 
Carrile  Henrye,  Esq.  .  20 

Carr  Andrew,  Cleric.  .        .  20 

Colton  Barth.,  of  Starstone  .  20 
Cocke  Rbte.  .        .  20 

Cony  Thomas  .  .  .80 

Cuttinge  Wm.,  of  Hoston  .  10 

Clarke  Andrewe,  of  Wroxham, 

gen.  .  .        .  20 

CaryeThomas,  of  PulhamMarye  10 
CoUes  Martyn,  of  Hendringh'm  20 
Cobbes  Edmond,  of  Snetdsh'm  .  20 
Chamberlyn  Reignold,  of  Bidg- 

h'm  (sol.  20U)  30 

Chapman  Pawle,  of  Titshall  .  20 
CuUyn  Phillippe,  of  Beeily        .  20 

(sol.  10") 
Clere  Edward,  Knighte      .        .  50 


Digitized  by 


Google 


846 


It. 

Cony  Rbt*  (sol.  10".)  20 

Cooke  Richard,  of  BamingVm  .  20 
Cooke  Wm.,  de  eadem  .  .  30 
Clarke  Edm.,  of  BriBsingh'm  .  20 
Coop  Stephen,  of  Backon  .  .  20 
dare  Henrye,  Knighte  .  20 

Collyer  Richard,  of  Windh'm, 

sen.  .  .  20 

Crane  Robte,  de  eadem  .  20 

Capes  Wm.,  of  Stratton  .  20 

Cooke  Thomas,  of  Sisleade  .  20 
Cobbe  Rbte.,  of  Becklea  .  30 

Cooke  Wm.,  of  Walcote  .  .  20 
Coote  John,  of  greate  Snoringe  .  20 
CursonHenrye  .  30 

Cooke  Edward,  Enighte  200 

Colbye  Thomas,  of  Banham  .  80 
Cocke  Rbte.  .  20 

Carye  Wymond,  Enighte  .  .  60 
Canam  Symonde  .  .  20 

CanamAbrye  .        .  20 

Cobbe  Wm.,  of  Geyton  .  30 

Chabnore  Rbt.,  of  Swaf ham  .  30 
Cobbe  Wm.,  Enighte  .  40 

Doilye  Edmond,  Esq.  .  .  60 
Doughtye  Wm.,  of  Hanworthe  .  20 
Deye  Rbte.,  of  Stoneton  .  .  20 
Dusgate,  vid.,  of  Cleye  .  20 

Drewrye  Anthonye,  Esq.  .  .  20 
Durrant  John,  of  Yaxham  .  20 
Deye  Robte.,  of  Windham  .  20 
Dove  Richard,  of  Wellingh'm  .  20 
Deathie  Anthonye,  Esq.  .  .  30 
Doughtie  Thomas,  of  Aleshame  20 
Dusegate  John,  of  Cocklie  Cleye  20 
Deye  Nicholas,  of  Heigham  .  20 
Doods,  of  Hoston  .  20 

Duke  Edward  .        .  20 

DikeHaghe  .  .  20 

Daye  Thomas,  Enighte  .  .  20 
Dennyes  Thomas  (sol.  20^^.)  20 
Doughtie  Rbte.,  of  Hanworthe  .  20 
Downehill  Peter,  of  Thornton  .  20 
Dayyo  Wm.,  of  Saufeilde  .  .  20 
Davye  Robte,  of  Fransh'm  .  20 
Deye  John,  of  Walsingh'm  .  20 
•  Oifiercnt  hand. 


Dade  Ellis,  of  Eennynghall  .  20 
Dayye  John,  de  eadem  .  20 

Dacke  Thomas,  of  Brandestone  .  20 
Drake  John,  of  HcTerlonde  .  20 
Dowe  John,  of  Attleburroughe  .  20 
Drewrye  Robte,  of  Dookinge  .  20 
Drewrye  Thomas,  of  Fmcham  .  20 
Doylie  Edward  .  .  30 

Deane  John,  of  Felbzigge  •  .  20 
Drewrle  Drewe,  Enighte  .  20 

DeTeraxe  Walter,  Enighte  .  30 
Elwine  Peter  .  .  20 

ElwyneHenrye  .        .  20 

Ellis  Nicholas  .  •  20 

Emerstone  Henrye,  of  lioddon  .  20 
Elyyn  George,  of  Caster  .  20 

Edmonds  Wm.,  of  Sazthorpe  .  20 
Elgar  John,  of  Sedgeforde  .  20 

Frestone  Richard,  Esq.  .  30 

Futter  Rbte.,  of  Tompestone  .  20 
Feake  George,  Qer,  .        .  20 

Fisher  Edwarde  .  .  20 

Fowler  George,of  Brandon  Fezrye  20 
Finnarye,  of  Aleshame,  Cler.  .  20 
Flowardewe  Tho.,  of  Hethersett  20 
Fletcher  Rbt.,  of  Hindringh'm  .  10 
Foyster  Rbte.,  of  EennynghaU  .  30 
Fendd  Roger,  of  Saxlingh'm  .  10 
Fiske  Alin,  wid.  •  .  20 

Freeman  Edward,  of  Wacton  .  20 
Foulzier  Robte.,  of  Disse,  sen.  .  20 
Fountayne  John,  gen.  .  .  20 
Foulzier  Thomas,  of  Disse  .  20 
Feltame  Thomas  .  .  20 

Framyngh'm  Richard,  of  Hin- 
dringh'm       .  .        .  20 
FramyngVm  Edward,  of  Warren  50 
Fitt  Richard,  of  Larringsett        .  20 
Fryer  Richard,  of  Harlestone     .  20 

(An  iiddiiion,  which  ii  iUsffibU,) 
Fimstone  Thomas,  of  Windham  10 
Fisher  Richard,  of  Disse  .  20 

GodfreyRichard,  of  Hindringh'm  20 
Gouche  John,  of  Carlton  .  20 

Gawdie  Francis,  Enight  100 

Gouge  Edward,  of  ....  f  .20 

f  Place  ertwod. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


347 


u. 


20 
20 
20 
40 
20 
100 
20 
30 
80 
20 
20 
40 
20 
20 
20 


20 
20 
20 
50 


Gibson  Wm.,  of  Kettlestone 
Gryme  George,  gen. 
Gryme  Wm.,  of  Gymmyngham 
Gresham  Richard,  Knighte 
Gawdie,  wid. 

GunBtone,  of  Fincham,  Cler. 
Gawdie  Henrye,  Knighte 
Grene  Rbte.,  of  Fonuett 
Godbolt  Richard,  of  Fincham    . 
Gnmeye  Henrye,  Esq. 
Grene  Thomas 
Grene  John,  of  Wells 
Gawdie  Bassingbome,  Knighte  . 
Giles  Edward,  of  Paulinge 
Gaye  Phillippe,  of  Matlaske 
Galsee  Rbte.,  of  Riston,  Esq.    . 
Grene  Edward,  of  Ormesbye 
Gawdie  Clissbye,  Knighte 
Gooche  George,  of  Disse 
Gaye  Thomas,  of  Wickmer 
Gryme  Robte.,  of  H. . .  .rynge  f 
Grosse  Thomas,  Esq. 
Gymmyngh'm  Robte.,  of  Upton  20 
Gwyne  Richard,  of  Fakenham, 

Esq.         .  .  .20 

Gasselye    John,    of     Bamham 

Thorpe    .  .20 

Gabyn  Roger,  of  Danlinge  .  20 
Gnybone  Wm.,  of  Finch'm  .  20 
Gnybone  Ellenor,  of  Castarre,wid.  20 
Gh>odwyn    Roger,    of    Pulham 

Marye  .  .20 

Grandye  John,  of  Greate  Cres- 

singh'm 
Gosling  Robte.,  of  Topcrofte 
Howes  Thomas,  of  Barrowe 
Howes  Robte.,  of  Besthorpe 
Howman  John,  of  Stanhawe 
Hoberte  Henrye,  Knighte 
Hunte,  of  Bnrstone,  dcor. 
Hoberte  James,  of  Hales  hall 
Houghton  Sergiant 
Houldiche  Henrye,  Esq. 
HoTildiche,  wid. 
Hewer  Thomas,  of  Emney,  Esq.  30 
Hoe  Clemente,  of  Bamham,  gen.  30 
i  Torn. 


20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
80 
20 
20 
20 
10 
20 


Home  Nicholas,  of  Ameringhall 

Havers  Thomas,  of  Sheltone 

Holland  John,  of  Kenninghall, 
Esq. 

Hovell  Richard,  of  Hillingtone  . 

Hoberte  Wm.,  of  Meltone 

Hungate,  gen.      . 

Hoberte  John,  gen.      . 

Heeringe  George 

Heyingh'm  Arthure,  Knighte    . 

Hoberte  Thomas,  gen. 

Harris  John,  of  Haseborrowe 

Hare  Raphe,  Knighte 

Hmite  Wm.,  gent. 

Hudsone  Edmonde,  of  Castaire  . 

Hay  ewarde  Richard,  of  Stokesbie 

Heithe  John,  of  Walsingh'm      . 

Home  Em'e,  of  Alesham,  wid.    . 

Hamond  Richard,  of  Ellingh'm  . 

Hasting  Tho.,  of  Hindringh'm    . 

Hemsterlie  Robt.,  of  Fakenham 

Heme  Wm.,  of  Drayton 

Hamonde  Edmonde,  of  Cawstone 

Howlett  Tho.,  of  North  Tudden- 
ham 

Hnsbond  Tho.,  of  Honynge 

HillJ....,tof  Halles 

Hattersley  Wm.,  of  Shipdom     . 

Hnssett  Sir  Edward  $ 

Hatfidd  Wm.,  of  Wilbye,  Cleric. 

Holte  John,  of  Stokesbie,  Cleric. 

Hamond  John,  of  Sparham 

Harbye  Tho.,  of  Brissingh'm     • 

HoberteRoger,  ofMorley,  gen.  . 

Home  Nicholas,  of  Tibenham    . 

Hery  Roger,  of  Bradishe 

Hayers  John,  of  Winfarthlnge    . 

Howes  Wm.,  of  Tofte 

Hickling  John,  Cleric. 

Hunte  Edmund,  of  Hempestead 

Heathe  Richard,  of  Little  Dun- 
ham 

Hooe  Richard,  of  Seaming 

Hey  ward  Rich.,  of  Cardestone   . 

Habnan  Robte.,  of  Swafham     . 

Hogan  Thomas,  Knighte 

t  Torn.  \  Later  hand. 


20 
20 


20 
10 
40 
10 
20 
40 
20 
10 
50 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 


20 
20 


20 
20 
50 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
80 
30 
20 

20 
20 
20 
20 
20 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


348 


Hunstone  Thomas,  Esq.  .  20 

Howard  John,  of  Bradishe  .  20 
Howman  Tho.,  of  Shefford  • .  20 
Hamock  Edwaide       .  .  20 

Harvell  Tho.,  of  Bridgeham  .  20 
Hobbes  Thomas,  of  Windham  .  20 
Hampton  Elizabeth,  wid.  .  20 

Jenkenson  Richard,  Esq.  .  30 

Jaye  John,  of  Holstone,  Esq.  .  20 
Jaye  John,  of  Eaishame  .  20 

Itos  John,  of  Samstone  .  20 

Jemegan  Henrye,  Esq.  .  50 

Jeckler  Thomas,  of  AshiU  .  20 

Jenny e  Henrye,  of  Cressingh'm  .  10 
Joyner  Thomas,  of  Binham  .  20 
JoUoppe  Robte.,  of  Tompeson  .  20 
Jennys  Thomas,  of  Afihmynhawe  20 
Kynge  Rbte.,  of  Holkham  .  20 

Kynge  John,  of  Wiston  .  20 

Kett  Loye,  (».  e.  Eligius)  .  10 

Kempe  John,  Esq.  .  30 

Kytson,  of  Wotton,  Cler.  .  20 

Keyberd  John,  of  Brooke  .  20 

Kendall  John,  of  Dickleborowe  .  20 
Kempe  Thomas,  of  Heydon  .  20 
Kynge  Wm.,  of  Hemsteade  .  20 
Kynge  Richard,  of  Styberde  .  20 
Kendall  Henrye,  ....  uckinham*  20 

Kynge  Richard,  of f  '20 

Loudl  Phillippe,  of  Weste  Dere- 
ham .  .10 
Lovell  Thomas,  Knighte  100 
Lingwood  Thomas,  of  Ovington  20 
Locke,  of  Tibenham,  Cleric.  .  20 
Legwoode  John,  of  Hemnall  .  20 
Lawson  Richard,  of  Laveringett  20 
Lombe  Edward,  of  Cawston  .  20 
LaveringtonWm.,ofWalsingh*m  20 
linforde  Thomas,  gen.  .  30 
Laverocke  Robte.,  of  Ringlonde  20 
Layre  Christopher,  Esq.  .  20 
Leake  Wm.,  of  Disse  .  20 
Leake  Richard,  de  eadem  .  20 
Lambert  Clement,  of  Binham  .  20 
Leaman  Robte.,  of  Linge  .  30 
Leaman  John,  of  Bawling  .  20 
•  Torn.               +  Torn. 


Linsteade  Tho.,  of  Edingthorpe  20 
Lee  Wm.,  of  Lezham  .  20 

Ling  Lawrence,  of  Alese'm  .  20 
Linstead  Robte.,  of  Catfeild  .  20 
Leyerton  Cutbert,  gen.  .  20 

Lincolne,  wid.  {  .  .20 

Linsbye  John,  of  Creak,  Cleric.  .  20 
Lawson  Thomas,  of  Holkam  .  20 
Leadall,  of  Stanhowe,  Cleric.  .  20 
Litton  Robte.,  of  Kennenghall  .  20 

Lawson  Wm.,  of («c.)        .  20 

Lawson  Roger,  of  ... .  (sic.)  .  20 
Mansell  Robte.,  Knighte  .  30 

Maye  Giles,  of  Hindringh'm  .  20 
Mason  Powle,  of  Necton  .  20 

Mingaye  John,  of  Ameringall  .  20 
Montfort  Edmond,  Knighte  .  40 
Mileham  Gregorie       .  .  20 

Matchett,  Cleric.  .        .  20 

More  Wm.,  of  Fomsett  .  20 

Methold,  of  Langford  .  20 

Maysters  Robte.,  of Cleric. 

(sic.)  .  .        .  20 

Mihill  Edward,  of  Sutton  .  10 

Mordant  Lestrange,  Esq.  .  50 

Mayes  Thomas,  of  Gurston  .  20 
Miller  Robte.,  of  Matlaske  .  20 
More  Thomas,  of  Hingh*m  .  20 
Monye....  of  Wells  §  .  20 

Montforde  Edmonde,  of  Stewkye  20 
Mapes  Thom's,  of  Walsingh'm  .  20 
Mallen  Dudleye,  of  Hopton,  gen.  20 
Meke  John,  of  Barrowe  .  20 

Man  Edmond,  of  Homyngtofte  .  20 
Morrise  Edwarde,  of  Smalbur- 

rowe  II  .  .        .  20 

Nuttall  Edward  .  .  30 

Norris  Edmond,  of  Congham  .  20 
Nunn  George,  of  Pickenham     .  30 

(sol.  20«.) 
Norris  Dcor.  .  .  30 

Naiahe  Tho.,  of  Swaynesthorpe  20 
Neave  Firmyn,  of  Wood-dawling  20 
Kunne  Robte.,  of  Tofte  .  20 

Norris  Tho.,  of  Congham  .  20 

t  Correction  by  a  later  hand. 
\  Tom.  II  By  a  later  hand. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


eS49 


li. 
Neave  John,  of  Dereham  .  20 

Oder  Isack,  of  Buckenham  .  20 
Paston  Willm.,  Knighte  100 

Pratt  Gregorye,  Esq.  .         .  20 

Paston  Edward,  Esq.  .  50 

Paston,  of  Oxned,  wid.  .  40 

Pagrave  John,  Esq.  .        .20 

Pander  Robte.  .  .  20 

Parker  Henrye,  of  Downham  .  20 
Pitcher  Robte.,  of  Co wlinge  .  20 
Pecock  Symonde,  Cleric.  .  20 

Pudding  Thomas,  de  Wacton  .  20 
Parker  Thomas,  of  Stalham  .  20 
Prentise  John,  sen.,  de  Pulham 

M'kett     .  .  .20 

Phillips  Wm.,  of  Crostwicke  .  20 
Parker  Gilbert,  of  Alborrowe  .  20 
Playforthe  Nicholas,  of  North- 
repps  .  .  .20 
Payne  John,  of  Calton  .  20 
Pecke  Wm.,  of  Freknam  .  50 
Pecke,  wid.  .  .  .  30 
Pilte  Thomas  .  .  20 
Perrye  Wm.,  of  Dilham  .  20 
Pye  John,  of ....  •  .  .20 
Pratt  Edward,  of  ....  t  .20 
Pleasante  Thomas,  of  Brandon- 

Ferrye     .  .  .30 

Parke  Wm.,  of  Holme  .  20 

Platefoote  John,  of  Norboirowe  20 
Platefoote  Richard,  of  Waltham  20 
Pope,  of  Buckenham  .  20 

Preston  Jacobb,  de  eadem  .  20 

Prentise  John,  of  Pulham  .  20 

Parlett  Francis,  of  Stredgitt  .  20 
Risinge  Francis,  of  Hockeing  .  20 
Rugg  Wm. ,  of  Fehnyngh*m,  Esq.  40 
Reppes  John,  of  Walton,  Esq.     .  20 

Russell  Phillipp,  of (sic.)    .  30 

Russell  Henrye,  of (aic.)    .  20 

Romeford  Edward,  of (wc.)  20 

Richers  John,  of  Stalham,  Cleric.  20 
Rose  Steven,  of  Scorusson  .  20 

Ruste  John,  of  Farsfield  .  20 

Rolfe  Clement,  of  Tuttington      .  20 
Rase  Robte.,  of  Saxlingh'm        .  10 
•  Tom.  +  Tom. 

VOL.    II.  2 


Roll  Rich.,  of  Newton  St.  Faithes  10 
Raynde  James,  of  Ellingh'm  .  20 
Reade  Christopher,  gen.  .  .  20 
Reynold  John,  of  Frethorpe  .  20 
Riches  John,  al's  Glover  .  .  30 
Randall  Wm.,  of  Pulham  .  20 

Randall  Rbte.,  de  eadem    .        .  20 
Ringwoode  Margarett,  of  Wind- 
ham .  .        .  20 
Rudland  John,  de  eadem  .  20 

Rogers  Robte.,  of (nc.)     .  20 

Rayners  John,  of  Hevingham  .  20 
Raymes  Wm.,  of  Oxtrond  .  20 

Robinson  Robte.,  of  Saxlingh*m, 

Cleric.  .  .  20 

RandoU  John,  of  Topcrofte  .  20 
Rownse  James,  of  Southwalsh'm  20 
Remand  Robart,  of  Northolde   .  20 

Richardson ,  of  Mulbarton, 

Cleric,  (tic,)  .  .  20 

Reade  Roberte,  of  Ringstead  .  20 
Russell  Thomas,  of  Blownorton  20 
Rose  Robte,  of  Weston  .  .  20 
Rame  Raphe,  of  Houlton  .  20 

Reave  Raphe,  of  Cressingh'm  .  20 
Ralie  John,  of  Cleye    .  .  20 

Rushenier  Daniell,  of  Matshall  20 
Shering  John,  of  Thetford  .  20 

Spilman  Henrye,  Knighte  .  .  20 
Smythe  Tho.,  of  Walsoken  .  20 
Smythe  Randall,  of  Reedham, 

aerie.  .  .  20 

Suckling  Johane,  wid.  .  .  20 
Sowthwell  Tho.,  of  Morton,  Esq.  20 
Sayre  Rich.,  of  Pulham  .  .  20 
Smythe  Rich.,  of  Snetterton  .  20 
Shaxon  Thomas,  of ... .  (sic,)  .  20 
Stubb  Richard,  Esq.    .  .  30 

Seckar  Wm.,  of  Scamyng  .  20 

Smythe  Robte,   of  Burlingh'm, 

Cleric.  .  .         .  20 

Sherlowe  Anthonye     .  .  20 

Sturdivant  Mathewe,  of ... .  (sic)  20 
Steward  John,  gen.      .  .  20 

Sayre  Tho.,  of (sic,)    .        .  20 

Smythe  Tho •      .  .20 

•  Place  erased. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


350 


Scotte  John,  of  Wooddauling  .  20 
Sponce  Tho.,  of  Seething  .  20 

Smythe  Adryam,  of (ate,)  .  10 

Stone  Barth.,  of  Wicklewood  .  10 
Spenlowe  Robte.,  of  Scottowe  .  20 
Sheilocke  Robtc,  of  Brampton  20 
Scryme  John,  of  Snetsh'm  .  30 

Scott  Edward,  of  West  Kudham  20 
Sherman  Tymothie,  of  Wacton  .  20 
Sidleye  Martyn,  of  Morlie  .  20 

Sidneye  Henrye,  Knyghte  .  40 

Scambler  James,  Esq.  (sol.  16^^)  30 
Spilman  Clement,  Knight  .  50 

(sol.  Z0\) 
Shilling  Francis,  of  Hoston        .  20 
Scott  Thomas,  of  Methwold  f    .  20 

(sol.  10".) 
Sholdam  Tho.,  of  Windham      .  20 
Smythe  Thomas,  of  Earsh'm      .  20 
Shackford   Kaynold,    of  Dicle- 

boroue  .  .        .  20 

Symonds  Francis,  of  Suifeild  .  20 
Sheringh'm  Edm.,  of  Norton  .  20 
Stone  Kobte.,  of  Clayeringe  .  20 
Suckling  John,  of  Sprowston  .  20 
Steward  John,  of  Thwaite  .  20 

Smythe  John,  of  Gaverston  .  30 
Scarlett  Arthnre,  of  Est  dereh'm  20 
Stone  Hichard,  of  Snetterton  .  20 
Salisburye  Roger,  of  Croxton  .  30 
Stileman  Robt.,  of  Feild  dauling  20 
Stone  Richard,  of  Holme  .  20 

Strange  Hamond,  Knighte  .  20 

Spicer  John,  of J        .        .20 

Shaxon  Leonard,  of {  .20 

Seaman  Austyne,  of ham||  .  20 

Sparke  Robte,  of  Kennengall  .  20 
St.  John  Oliver,  of  Hockring  .  20 
Shackle  Tho.,  of  Wichingham  .  20 
Scarlett  John,  of  Howe,  Esq.  .  30 
Shilling  Wm.,  of  Hoston  .  20 

Sturdevant ,  of  newe  Back- 

enha*  (sic,)  ,  .  20 

Skipp  Robte,  of  Stunstead  .  20 
Staple  Henrye,  of  west  Ludham  20 

t  By  a  later  hand. 
X  Tom.  {  Torn.  |]  Torn. 


Sherlooc,  nighe  aboute  Kennen- 
gall .  20 
Symonds  John,  of  Wyndham  .  20 
Toll  Tho.,  of  Fakenham  .  20 
Towlie  Rich.,  of  Kyrbio  .  .  20 
Thurton  John,  of  Brome            .  30 

TympeTho,,of .        .  20 

Tuttle  John,  of  Saxlingh'm  .  20 
Thornton  Robte.,  Esq.  .  .  30 
Townesend  Qeorge,  gen.  .  30 

Thimblethorpe  Edmond,  Knight  20 
Thetford  Francis,  of  Witshing- 

h'm  .  20 

Thursbie  Tho.,  Esq.  .        .  50 

Tilnye  Richard,  gen.  (sol.  20»*.)  30 
Thorrold  Richard,  of  Mileham  .  20 
Tyncker  Christopher,  of  Eding- 

thorpe  .  .  20 

TyddWm.,  of  Wells  .        .20 

Tabott  Thomas,  Esq.  .  20 

Thetford  Thomas,  gen.  .  .  20 
Thexon   Leonard,  of    Trunche, 

Cleric.  .  .        .  20 

Thacker  Richard,  of  Hockringe  20 
Tilneye  Henrye  . . . .  •  .  .20 
Tavemde  James  .  .  20 

TyndaU  Richard,  of  Banham  .  20 
Tompson  Thomas,  of  Norton  .  20 
Vyncent  Tho.,  of  Easton  .  20 

Vyme  Richard,  of  Stratton  .  10 
TJiaett  John,  of  Somerlie  .  .  20 
TJtbert  Thomas,  of  Croxon         .  20 

XTtbert  Bamarde,  of (sic.)    .  30 

Walgraue  Charles,  Esq.  .  20 

Whipple  Wm.,  of  Dicleborowe  .  20 
Wrighte  Tho.,  of  KyWerston  .  30 
Ward  Tho.,  of  Postwick,  gen.  .  20 
Wilton  Rich.,  of  Topcrafte  .  20 
West  Doctor  .  .  20 

Walpoole  Callibut,  Esq.  .  .  60 
Woodhowse  Phillip,  Knight  .  60 
Wrighte  Rbt,  of  Hingh'm  .  20 
Ward  Jeffireye,  gen.     .  .  20 

West  Tho.,  of  Kennengall  .  20 

Woode  Robte,  of  Thurston,  Esq.  20 
Whitefoot  Mihils,  of  Hapten     .  20 
•  Tom. 


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u. 

WalneyTho.,  of  Shelton,  Cleric.  20 
Worth  Wm.,  of  Bacton  .  .  20 
Withe  John,  of  Brodishe  .  10 

Warde  Henrye,  of  Horstead,  Esq.  30 
Whall  Auatyn,  gen.  .  20 

Wrighte,  of  Walpoole  .  .  20 
Wynde  Robte,  Knighte  .  60 

(sol.  30".) 
Worth  Ambrose,  of  Kaynham    .  20 

(sol.  10".) 
Wilson  Tho.,  of  Buxton  .  20 

Wrongreye  John,  of f         .20 

Warner  B^bte,  of t     •        -20 

Wiggett  Roger,  of  Bailing  ....  § 
Withers  Richard,  of 

+  Effaced.  t  Effaced. 

\  Nearly  half  of  the  last  leaf  of  the  MS. 
it  wanting. 


Wood  Thomas,  of  Pulh. . 
Whipple  Thomas,  of  D... 
Wrongreye  Nicholas,  of  . 

Warner  Francis, 

Whall  Richard,  of  North 
Wormlye  John,  of ... . 
Waterman  Tho.,  of  ... . 
Williamson  George,  of 

Watte  Thomas,  of 

Walpoole  George,  of  . , . 
WrottWm.,  oi  Jntw... 
WrighteRobte,  of  E.. 
Wrighte  John,  sen. 
Whiteman  Richard,  of 
Webster  Thomas,  of  . . 
Yelverton  .... 
YoUopp  John,  of  . . . 


2  b2 


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DRAWINGS  BY  MRS.  GUNN 


Ifttiral  ^aintingB  iti  CrnHtmigjrt  Clmrtjj. 

COMMUNICAnD  BT 

DAWSON   TURNER,    ESQ., 

VICB-PKI8IDINT. 


Remarkable^  and  even  uniqae,  as  I  have  always  been  led 
to  regard  the  Tree  of  the  Deadly  Sins  in  Catfield  Church,* 
it  will  readily  be  imagined^  that  it  was  with  no  less  sxirprise 
than  pleasure  that  I  heard  of  a  painting,  similar  in  subject 
and  very  analogous  in  design,  having  lately  been  brought  to 
light  in  the  neighbouring  church  of  Crostwight.  The  dis- 
covery we  owe  to  the  active,  persevering  industry  of  Mr. 
Gunn,  to  whom  we  were  greatly  indebted  in  the  former  in- 
stance. He  was  told  that  some  traces  of  colour  had  been 
detected  in  scraping  the  walls,  preparatory  to  their  receiving 
a  fresh  layer  of  whitewash :  his  experience  taught  him  what 
most  probably  was  concealed  beneath;  and  he  applied  himself 
personally  to  the  task  of  removing  the  former  coats.  The 
consequence  was,  that  he  had  soon  the  satisfaction  of  seeing 
the  North  wall  of  the  nave  exhibit  the  appearance  represented 
in  the  first  of  the  accompanying  plates.  On  the  opposite  side, 
it  is  probable,  he  would  have  been  equally  successful;  but 
the  order  given  to  the  masons  allowed  of  their  going  no 
further,  except  to  the  narrow  projections  which  confine  the 
*  See  the  figure  of  this  in  Norfolk  Archtdolo^t  I.,  p.  133. 


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•  •  •  «         a*^ 


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"  •  •  ■ 


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J/UtrtvL  T^cu^nUn^  cve*^  tkt^  J/ortij  Door 
ofCrcstit^h^  CJuunJu,  J/iifoUc. 


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353 

rood-loft  screen.  On  the  Western  face  of  the  Southernmost 
of  these  he  found  a  really  graceful  and  very  perfect  figure  of 
St.  Michael,  trampling  upon  and  transfixing  the  prostrate 
fiend:  the  execution  good;  the  face,  beautiful.  The  whole 
body  and  thighs  of  the  Archangel  are  covered  with  the  same 
long  silvery  feathers  that  compose  his  flapping  wings :  on  his 
breast  he  bears  his  argent  shield,  charged  with  the  sanguine 
cross.  The  rebel  spirit  is  similarly  feathered  and  winged : 
his  form  is  that  of  a  fabulous  monster  of  the  deep.  I  have 
indulged  in  this  description,  not  recollecting  to  have  seen 
elsewhere  the  heavenly  warrior  and  his  antagonist  delineated 
in  a  similar  manner.  At  the  same  time,  I  have  hardly  re- 
garded the  deviations  from  what  may  be  considered  the 
standiag  type,  as  of  sufficient  importance  to  justify  the  intro- 
duction of  an  additional  plate ;  and  I  have  therefore  confined 
the  engravings  to  the  general  view  abeady  noticed  and  to  the 
two  most  Western  subjects.  These,  by  far  the  most  inter- 
esting of  the  series,  are  likewise  the  n»st  perfect.  Scarcely 
more  perfect  are  they,  however,  than  the  adjoining  St. 
Christopher,  represented,  as  usual,  of  colossal  stature,  and 
supporting  himself  with  his  enormous  stafi*,  while  traversing 
the  river,  which,  full  of  fish,  is  seen  behind  him  nearly  upon 
a  level  with  his  knees ;  whereas,  in  front  of  him,  there  is  not 
even  a  drop  of  water  to  moisten  the  soles  of  his  feet.  Great 
inconsistencies  these  ;  but  '^  nought  uncommon  nor  held 
strange  in  the  old  painters'  day."  They,  men  of  genius,  but 
untaught,  not  unfrequently  united  in  their  works  much  that 
is  to  be  admired,  particularly  in  composition  and  expression, 
with  absurdities  altogether  unaccountable.  Our  Society  can 
scarcely  fail  to  wish  that  our  countryman,  Hogarth,  had  been 
a  Norfolk  archaeologist  and  had  studied  these  performances ; 
so  delighted  would  he  have  been,  not  only  to  have  drawn 
from  this  source  fresh  illustrations  to  his  treatise  on  False 
Perspective,  but  most  probably  to  have  added  to  it  a  pendant 
upon  unlooked-for  contrarieties.     A  fourth  picture,  consider- 


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ably  perfect  except  as  regards  the  accusing  Jews,  is  that  of 
our  Saviour  before  Pilate,  in  which  both  the  attitude  and  the 
face  of  the  Divine  Redeemer  are  deserving  of  praise.  So, 
likewise,  the  Crucifixion,  placed  immediately  over  the  last- 
mentioned  one,  is  in  a  state  of  fair  preservation,  and  has 
portions  of  much  merit.  The  rest  are  too  seriously  injured, 
and  in  parts  effaced,  for  it  to  be  possible  even  to  decide 
upon  their  subjects  with  any  certainty. 

To  return  to  those  of  my  plates,  it  will  at  once  be  seen 
how  much  the  demon-tree  in  the  second  has  in  common  with 
the  scarcely  more  extraordinary  one  at  Catfield.  They  both 
originate  from  the  jaws  of  hell,  within  which  their  roots  are 
fixed  :  both  have  seven  branches,  equal  in  number  to  the 
deadly  sins  ;  and,  in  both,  these  branches  are  formed  of 
fiends,  whose  gaping  mouths  hold  an  unfortunate  transgres- 
sor, the  votary  and  victim  of  one  of  these  fatal  passions. 
The  same  idea,  in  fact,  pervades  alike  the  one  and  the  other; 
but  the  resemblance  foes  no  further.  In  passing  from  gene- 
ralities to  details,  there  is  a  discrepancy  throughout ;  and  of 
such  a  nature  as  to  render  it  highly  improbable  that  we  see 
in  the  two  the  workmanship  of  the  same  hand,  or  the  ema- 
nations of  the  same  mind.  What  I  suppose  intended  for 
the  gaping  mouth,  "  per  che  si  va  nell'  etemo  dolore,"  takes 
at  Crostwight  so  much  the  form  of  a  boat,  that,  but  for  the 
tree,  the  observer  might  fancy  it  designed  for  the  infernal 
ferry-boat,  conveying  sinners,  among  flames,  to  their  final 
doom.*     Here,  too,  the  tree  is  more  grand  in  size  and  more 

*  Nor  woiUd  it  be  at  all  extraordinary  to  meet  in  our  churcheB  with  such  a 
mixture  of  heathen  and  Christian  mysteries  in  those  times,  as  would  allow  of 
Charon  himself  being  introduced  on  this  occasion.  We  have  him  by  name 
in  Dante,  who,  ''in  common  with  many  fathers  of  the  church,  imder  the 
supposition,  that  paganism,  in  the  persons  of  its  infernal  gods,  represented 
the  evil  angels,  made  no  scruple  to  adopt  its  fables.  He  thus  blended  with 
the  terrors  of  the  Catholic  faith  all  the  brilliant  colouring  of  the  Greek 
mythology,  and  all  the  force  of  poetical  association.  Michael  Angelo,  too,  in 
his  picture  of  the  Last  Judgment,  represents  Charon  carrying  over  the 


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ej.  Grosht'^ht CkurcJv,  JforfoUc . 


uu, 


rtmiA^'*   #•##»*"•  '*'« 


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355 

graceful  in  its  proportions  than  at  Catfield  ;  and  its  branches, 
instead  of  maintaining  stiff,  straight  right-angles  with  the 
stem,  rise  in  a  pleasing  curve,  accompanied  by  smaller  shoots, 
that  end  in  what  may  equally  be  taken  for  leaf,  flower,  or 
fruit.*  The  poor  heedless  victim  is,  at  Catfield,  attended 
by  an  evil  spirit,  seated  by  his  side  and  watching  an  op- 
portunity to  engulph  him  in  the  monster's  bowels ;  but,  at 
Crostwight, — except  in  a  single  instance  where  the  personifi- 
cation of  lust  required  an  associate, — the  culprit  sits  solitary; 
the  half  of  his  body  only  seen  rising  from  the  mouth  of  the 
fiend,  which  is  not  large  enough  for  the  reception  of  more. 
Again,  the  two  Catfield  demons,  more  burlesque  than  terrific, 
who,  on  either  side  the  gulf,  are  tugging  with  aU  their  might 
and  main  to  drag  down  the  criminals  as  they  emerge  from 
their  incarceration,  are  replaced  at  Crostwight  by  a  single, 
unmistakeable,  gigantic  devil,  duly  homed  and  hoofed,  and 
grasping  what  may  be  a  rod — may  be  a  portion  of  a  chain. 
The  picture  is,  in  this  part,  unfortunately,  so  injured,  that 
little  can  be  pronounced  with  positiveness  respecting  him,  or 
respecting  the  wheel  by  his  feet, — ^a  probably  symbolical  ad- 
junct. The  same  observation,  touching  the  imperfect  state 
of  the  painting  below,  is  equally  applicable  to  the  upper  por- 
tion, where  there  are  now  no  traces  of  an  angel  blowing  the 
last  trumpet ;  though  it  is  not  by  any  means  therefore  certain 
that  none  ever  stood  there.     StiU  farther,  the  names  of  the 


condemned  souls ;  and,  forgetting  that  he  is  introduced,  not  as  an  infernal 
god,  but  as  the  evil  spirit  of  the  stream,  it  has  been  objected  to  the  painter 
of  the  Sistine  Chapel  that  he  has  confounded  the  two  religions,  when,  in 
fact,  he  has  not  transgressed  the  strict  rule  of  the  church." — Sismondi,  on 
the  Literature  of  the  South  of  Europe,  I.,  p.  248. 

*  In  describing  what  I  have  just  mentioned  as  shoots,  a  friend,  to  whose 
opinion  I  am  always  disposed  to  pay  deference,  considers  me  mistaken,  and 
believes  them  to  be  the  multipartite,  sting-pointed  tails  of  the  ramiform 
demons.  The  idea  is  at  all  events  ingenious,  and  perhaps  just:  in  the  words 
of  the  Italian  proverb,  "  se  non  t  vcro  6  ben  trovato ;  "—but  who  shall  solve 
or  cut  the  knot? 


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deadly  sins  are  all  now  ^aced^  with  the  exception  of  So- 
cardia,*  here  personified  by  a  female^  supporting  her  chin 

*  I  recollect  no  other  graphic  representation  of  the  Deadly  Sins,  save 
Fisher's  engraving  (t.  19)  of  the  painting  on  the  walls  of  the  Chapel  of 
the  Trinity  at  Stratford-upon-Avon.  There,  too,  their  names  were  attached ; 
and  five  of  them  still  remain.  No  needless  precaution  this ;  for  very  inferior 
is  the  performance  in  every  respect  to  those  at  Catfield  and  Crostwight ;  and 
in  none  more  so,  than  in  the  evident  inability  of  the  artist  justly  to  conceive 
what  he  has  undertaken  to  pourtray.  Remove,  therefore,  but  the  inscrip- 
tions, and  his  intention  disappears.  He  has  given  no  one  of  the  culprits 
an  attribute ;  nor  has  he  marked  the  peculiar  sin  by  any  corresponding  form 
or  action.  AvariHa  is  designated  by  a  group  of  sixteen  individuals,  whom 
a  demon  is  dragging  along,  encircled  by  a  chain :  Ira,  by  five  others,  en- 
tering "la  Citt&  dolente ;"  itself  all  red  with  flames,  within  and  without :  its 
portal,  an  enormous  gaping  mouth.  Superbia  Lb  mounted  on  the  neck  of  a 
devil  in  the  form  of  a  goat.  Intidia  is  suspended  from  the  waU,  by  a  rope 
tied  round  the  waist,  so  that  head  and  feet  hang  equaUy  low ;  and  Gula  is 
fastened  against  the  same  wall,  both  of  them  smarting  under  the  lashes  of 
a  demon  who  stands  beneath  them.  Soeardia  and  Libido  there  are  no  means 
of  appropriating.  Other  devils,  scattered  about  the  picture,  are  variously 
tormenting  other  siimers,  most  of  whom,  as  at  Crostwight,  are  females. 
How  would  this  have  been,  had  Uant  been  painters  ?  On  the  dexter  side 
of  the  piece  the  case  is  very  different.  There  all  is  beatitude ;  and  Popes, 
Prelates,  and  Monks,  are  seen  rising  from  their  tombs  in  extacy,  or  wel- 
comed by  St.  Peter  at  the  gates  of  the  heavenly  Jerusalem. 

Before  dismissing  the  subject,  let  me  observe  that  thanks  would  be  due 
to  any  English  antiquary,  who,  on  visiting  the  continent,  would  use  the 
opportunity  that  I  let  slip,  and  observe  how  far  similar  representations  of 
the  infernal  regions  are  to  be  found  elsewhere,  and  particularly  in  Italy. 
Seronx  d'Agincourt,  in  hia  engravings  of  many  hundred  early  paintings, 
chiefly  from  that  country,  furnishes  none  such.  Cisalpine  art,  to  judge 
from  his  work,  is  confined  to  the  sacred  and  classical ;  or,  if  hagiology  is 
occasionally  admitted,  it  is  restricted  to  what  may  be  considered  its  legiti- 
mate bounds;  except  where,  as  in  Orcagna's  noble  fresco  in  the  church 
of  Santa  Maria  Novella,  at  Florence,  admiration  and  consequent  imitation 
of  Dante  has  led  to  deviations.  It  might  so  be  possible  to  ascertain, 
whether  these  pictures  of  the  mouth  of  hell,  with  its  attendant  horrors, 
weU  described  and  illustrated  by  my  late  friend,  Mr.  Sharp,  in  his  Coventry 
Mysteries,  originated  in  England  or  Denmark,  the  fruit  of  the  fearful  tradi- 
tions of  the  religion  of  Odin ;  whether  they  equally  occur  in  Germany  and 
France,  where  the  Macaber  Dance,  and  the  legend  of  the  Three  Living  and 
the  Three  Dead,  and  other  similar  legends  are  often  painted ;  or  whether. 


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with  her  right  hand.  There  is  no  difficulty,  however,  in 
referring  a  second  female,  grasping  a  bag  of  money,  to 
Avarttia;  or  a  third,  who  is  lifting  a  goblet  to  her  mouth, 
to  Gula;  or  the  couple  noticed  above,  to  Libido,  Invidia, 
Iruy  and  Superbia  it  were  difficult  to  appropriate,  unless  we 
consider  the  lowest  figure  on  the  sinister  side  intended  for 
the  last-mentioned.  His  sex,  his  size — double  that  of  the 
rest — and  his  bright  green  tunic,  would  seem  to  justify  such 
a  conclusion.  Much  care  too  has  evidently  been  bestowed 
upon  his  beard;  which,  in  the  absence  of  all  architectural 
ornaments  and  costume,  is  the  only  object  I  can  see  to  help 
us  to  date  the  painting.  Judging  from  it,  we  must  regard 
the  work  as  a  production  of  the  fourteenth  century,  when 
the  effigy  of  Edward  II.  was  placed  in  Gloucester  cathedral, 
with  a  beard  of  the  same  form,  and  parted  and  curled  in  the 
same  manner.  This,  as  is  well  observed  by  Mr.  Fairholt,  in 
his  very  useful  publication  upon  Costume  in  Englandy  p.  428, 
"  forcibly  brings  to  mind  the  King's  foppery,  and  the  cruel 
manner  in  which  it  was  rebuked  after  his  fall  by  Maltravers, 
one  of  his  keepers,  who,  upon  a  certain  occasion,  while  on  a 
journey,  ordered  him  to  be  shaved  with  cold  water  from  a 
ditch ;  whereupon  the  unfortunate  monarch  exclaimed,  biirst- 
ing  into  indignant  tears, '  Here  is  at  least  warm  water  upon 
my  cheeks,  whether  you  wiU  or  not.'  " 

Admitting  the  justice  of  these  data,  the  paintings  in  the 
interior  of  the  churches  of  Catfield  and  Crostwight  are 
brought  to  the  same,  or  nearly  the  same,  period;  and  it 
may  be  observed,  en  passant,  that  we  have  here  a  fresh  ex- 
emplification of  the  fact  more  particularly  proved  by  our 
rood-loft  screens,  that,  however  little  is  known  of  the  history 

of  Italian  birth,  they  haTe  come  to  us  through  those  regions,  gradually 
assuming  more  and  more  of  a  barbaric  character  in  their  northward  course — 
as  the  Romanesque  architecture  Taried  in  like  manner  in  the  same  transit — 
till,  safely  housed  in  our  ecclesiastical  edifices,  it  rioted  uncontrolled  in  all 
the  exuberancies  of  Norman  arches  and  shafts  and  capitals. 


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of  British  art  in  the  days  of  the  Plantagenets  and  their  im- 
mediate successors, — however  the  obscurity  of  those  dark 
ages  may  have  enveloped  and  overshadowed  the  country, — 
there  cannot  but  have  been  several  painters,  and  those  no 
ordinary  men,  at  that  time  in  Norfolk.     Whether  they  were 
natives  of  the  county  or  otherwise,  and  whether  there  was 
any  school  or  guild  to  train  an^  to  connect  them,  will  most 
probably  long  remain  open  questions.  Our  town-books,  which 
would  be  most  likely  to  decide  these  points,  are  silent.     I  am 
not  aware  that  they  in  any  case  go  sufficiently  far  back  to 
state  the  fact  of  works  of  this  description  being  anywhere 
in  hand.      It  is,  at  all  events,  higlily  improbable  that  the 
artists  should  have   been   imported  from   abroad,   like   the 
greater  number  of  those  enumerated  by  Horace  Walpole  or 
Vertue.      Such  may  have  been  generally  the  case  for  im- 
portant works  or  buildings ;   though  even  there  it  was  not 
always  *  so ;  but  is  it  to  be  supposed  that  the  churchwarden 
of  a  remote  village  would  cast  his  eyes  far  and  wide  for 
foreign  art,  or  that  the  'squire  would  untie  his  purse-strings 
for  the  purpose  ?     There  are  at  the  same  time  grounds  for 
believing,  that  a  considerable  number,  perhaps  the  greater 
proportion,  of  the  churches  in  the  county  were  painted.f  The 

*  Thus,  in  the  singularly  beautiful  and  curious  account  of  the  Painted 
Chamber,  published  by  Mr.  Gage  Rokcwode  in  the  Vetuata  Monumenta, 
although  the  painter  first  mentioned  vas  a  Spaniard,  Peter  de  Hispania, 
whose  name  occurs  in  1255,  we  find  him  succeeded,  before  the  close  of 
that  century,  by  Thomas  of  Westminster  and  William  of  Sudbury,  who, 
there  can  be  no  doubt,  were  of  this  country.  So,  likewise,  in  Lord  Bray- 
brooke's  interesting  Tolume  descriptive  of  Audley  End,  the  extracts  from 
the  parish-books  of  Walden  give  us  in  1440  the  name  of  Robert  Stystcde, 
as  having  painted  a  linen  cloth  for  the  Holy  Sepulchre;  and  again,  in  1460, 
that  of  William  Grene,  as  painter  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  Blessed  Virgin ; 
and  they  must  have  been  Englishmen ;  and  England  must  have  had  native 
artists,  q.  e.  d, 

t  Among  those  known  to  have  been  so,  is  that  of  Potter  Heigham, 
where,  as  I  was  informed,  in  1822,  by  the  Rev.  James  Layton,  then  curate 
of  the  parish,  **  the  fall  of  the  plastering  from  the  wall  of  the  South  aisle 


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spirit  called  forth  by  this  Society  has  already  succeeded  in 
proving  the  fact  with  many ;  and  it  cannot  be  doubted  but 
that  others  will  soon  follow.  Nor  will  the  pictures  now  be 
treated  as  of  yore, — ww-covered,  only  to  be  re-covered,  and 
perhaps  permanently; — for,  however  the  enlarged  piety  and 
good  taste  of  the  present  age  may  forbid  their  remaining 
long  exposed,  the  fact  of  their  existence  will  be  made  known, 
and  at  the  same  time  their  sid)jects,  and  whatever  is  re- 
markable in  connection  with  them.  Indeed,  all  that  may 
tend  to  instruction,  will  assuredly  be  perpetuated  by  de- 
scriptions and  drawings,  now  that  the  widely-extended  in- 
fluence of  the  schoolmaster  is  rapidly  causing  the  white 
lions  and  blue  boars  and  two-necked  swans  to  descend  each 
after  each  from  our  sign-posts,  and  that  to  read  and  to  write 
is  gradually  becoming  universal,  and  the  book  of  God  is 
an  inmate  of  nearly  every  cottage.  Far,  very  far,  was  it 
from  being  so  at  the  time  of  those  paintings,  when  pictures 
were  the  books  of  the  multitude,  the  only  ones  they  could 
read ;  for  "letter  or  line  knew  they  never  a  one ;  '*  and  right 
well  has  it  been  observed  in  a  recently  published  work  of 
equal  elegance  and  instructiveness,*  that  "  the  first  object  to 
which  reviving  art  was  destined,  was  to  render  the  Christian 
places  of  worship  a  theatre  of  instruction  and  improvement 


brought  to  light  four  paintings  between  the  two  Eastern  windows.  They 
were  about  two  feet  square,  each,  and  had  been  executed  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  fourteenth  century.  Their  subjects  were  works  of  Piety  and  Mercy, 
exercised  by  a  female.  In  one,  she  is  receiving  the  consecrated  wafer  from 
the  hand  of  a  priest.  In  another,  she  is  administering  medicine,  with  a 
spoon,  to  a  sick  man.  In  a  third,  she  is  inyiting,  or  rather  leading,  a  tra- 
veller into  a  house ;  and  in  the  fourth,  is  giving  money  to  a  prisoner,  seated 
upon  straw,  whose  hands  are  encumbered  with  an  iron  bar,  and  his  feet 
are  in  the  stocks.  The  former  windows  were  evidently  smaller  than  the 
present,  as  a  part  of  these  paintings  has  been  cut  away.*'  I  insert  this 
statement,  in  the  hope  that  some  of  the  members  of  our  Society  will  exert 
themselves,  and  cause  them  again  to  become  visible. 
*  Sacred  and  Legendary  Art,  by  Mrs.  Jameson,  I.,  xx. 


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for  the  people,  to  attract  and  to  interest  them  by  represent- 
ations of  scenes,  events  and  personages,  already  so  familiar 
as  to  require  no  explanation,  appealing  at  once  to  their 
intelligence  and  their  sympathies;  embodying  in  beautiful 
shapes  (beautiful  at  least  in  their  eyes)  associations  and 
feelings  and  memories  deep  rooted  in  their  very  hearts,  and 
which  had  influenced  in  no  slight  degree  the  progress  of 
civilization, — the  developmettt  of  mind." 

But,  it  will  fairly  be  asked,  do  the  foregoing  remarks 
equally  apply  to  the  one  as  to  the  other  of  the  drawings 
here  submitted  to  the  Society?  To  the  first  there  is  no 
doubt  of  their  fitness.  The  tree  of  sin,  whose  fruit  is  death, 
is  an  allegory  clear  to  the  dullest  comprehension ;  and,  when 
pourtrayed  with  those  appalling  accompaniments — the  de- 
mon's jaw,  the  widely  distended  mouth  of  hell,  the  sinners 
in  flames,  and  Satan  himself  by  their  side  prepared  to  drag 
down  others  to  the  same  doom, — the  conscious  culprit  could 
not  but  shudder  with  aflBright,  however  speedily  afterwards 
he  might 

**  forget  and  smile, 
His  quick  returning  folly  canc*ling  all ; 
As  the  tide  rushing  rases  what  is  writ 
On  yielding  sands,  and  smooths  the  letter*d  shore." 

Here  then  we  have  a  book,  whose  lessons  are  printed  in 
a  type  and  conveyed  in  a  language  that  he  who  runs  can 
read, — a  lesson  that  every  living  man  can  feel  and  under- 
stand, and  may  apply  to  himself.  The  other  picture  can 
only  be  supposed  to  have  been  generally  intelligible,  under 
the  belief  that  its  story  was  intimately  connected  with  the 
popular  traditions  of  the  times,  traditions  not  sufficiently 
important  to  have  been  preserved  to  an  after  period;  so 
that,  however  the  subject  may  have  been  clear  and  im- 
pressive and  instructive  in  its  day,  the  case  is  altogether  the 
contrary  at  present.  It  appears  to  me  to  have  reference 
to  the  state  of  the  soul  after  death,  as  shown  by  a  yotmg 


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female,  recently  deceased,  here  brought  to  the  bar — for  a 
bar  there  evidently  is — and  recommended  by  her  patron 
saint  or  attendant  spirit  to  a  couple  of  angels,  who  have 
taken  her  under  their  protection ;  while  the  demon,  balked 
of  his  prey,  stands  sidkily  aloof,  and  views  the  scene  with 
unmistakeable  disappointment  and  dissatisfaction.  Admit- 
ting this  explanation  to  be  correct,  the  picture  affords  no 
bad  contrast  to  its  more  painful  neighbour. 

The  paintings,  my  principal  object,  being  thus  disposed 
of,  I  will  beg  indulgence  for  a  few  remarks  upon  the  Church 
itself;  and  the  rather,  as  what  is  said  of  the  one  may  pos- 
sibly tend  to  throw  light  upon  the  other.  This  is  most 
simple  and  unpretending,  in  due  accord  with  the  village 
it  sanctifies, — small,  low,  built  of  rubble,  thatched  with  reed, 
entered  by  a  porch  to  the  South,  and  to  the  West  termi- 
nating in  a  short,  unomamented,  square  tower,  the  receptacle 
of  three  bells.  Its  date,  to  judge  from  the  East  window, 
now  in  great  measure  closed,  is  that  of  the  Decorated  style ; 
but  the  fragments  of  tracery  left  in  the  windows  of  the 
nave,  and,  still  more,  the  form  of  another  window  long  since 
blocked  up,  might  justify  us  in  referring  it  to  the  preceding 
century,  and  so  more  reconcile  it  to  the  time  of  the  pic- 
tures. The  font  too,  with  each  of  the  sides  of  its  octan- 
gular basin  occupied  by  a  couple  of  shallow  Early  English 
arches,  indicates  the  latter  sera.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
wooden  rood-loft  screen,  elegant  in  workmanship  and  de- 
sign, cannot  be  placed  earlier  than  the  reign  of  Edward 
III.  Its  spandrils  yet  retain  the  winged  heart,  and  goblin, 
and  other  fantastic  ornaments ;  but  all  traces  of  painting  are 
obliterated.  Not  so  in  the  windows,  in  which  are  still  to  be 
seen  two  busts  of  angels  playing  upon  guitars,  and  a'  third 
bearing  a  scroll,  inscribed  "  Date  gloriam  Deo;"  all  of  them 
executed  with  care  and  knowledge.  On  the  bosses  of  the 
roof  are  the  heads  of  a  King  and  Queen,  more  than  usu- 
ally good ;  and  on  the  entrance-door  are  some  not  inelegant 


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specimens  of  iron  work.  To  conclude  this  long  story, — ^when 
my  daughter  made  her  drawings  of  the  mural  paintings  in 
1847,  she  found  in  the  church  two  broken  enamelled  bricks^ 
with  designs  I  never  saw  elsewhere ;  the  one,  a  rose,  with 
four  lance-shaped  points — might  they  be  rays? — projecting 
from  it;  the  other,  a  central  fleur  de  lys  with  a  trefoil  at 
each  comer;  the  surface  pale  yellow,  the  designs  green. 
In  the  pavement  are  two  stone  coffin-lids,  with  crosses  of 
different,  not  uncommon  shapes,  and  a  brass  plate  not  men- 
tioned by  Blomefield,  bearing  '^  Hie  jacet  Thomas  Cressenym 
armiger,  filius  et  heres  in  parte  Johis  Cressenm  militis,  cuj» 
aie  ppicietur  Deus.*'  In  the  churchyard  is  a  remarkable  stone 
of  considerable  thickness,  in  the  shape  of  a  cross,  about  six 
feet  long,  on  whose  surface  was  originally  sculptured  another 
cross,  now  well-nigh  effaced.  I  know  nothing  like  it  in 
Norfolk;  nor  indeed  elsewhere,  except  the  support  to  the 
monumental  effigy  of  Strongbow  at  Dublin. 


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LETTER  TO  DAWSON  TURNER,  ESQ.,  V.P. 

OM 

THE  RUINED  LODGE   AT   DRAYTON. 

BY 

HENRY   HARROD,    ESQ. 


"  Sometimes  [William  Taylor]  extended  his  walk  to  the 
adjacent  village  of  Drayton,  where,  on  a  gentle  eminence^ 
stood  the  mouldering  walls  of  an  ancient  structure,  on  whose 
origin  even  tradition  has  no  fable,  and  which  is  now  only 
known  by  the  name  of  Drayton  Lodge.  These  ruins  sug- 
gested to  him  the  foUoT^ing  imitation  of  an  Italian  sonnet : — 

"  I  asked  of  Time, — *  Who  reared  yon  towery  hall, 
Which  thou  art  leTelling  with  its  native  soil  ? ' 
He  answered  not,  but  spumed  the  crumbling  wall, 
And  sprang  on  sounding  wing  to  fVirther  spoil. 
I  asked  of  Fame, — *  Thou  who  canst  tell  of  all 
That  man  atchieyes  by  wit,  or  force  or  toil : ' 
.    She  too  stands  mute,  th'  unpointing  fingers  fall, 
From  the  yain  search  her  wandered  eyes  recoil. 
I  entered.    In  the  vault  Oblivion  stood, 
Stopping  with  weeds  the  rifts  where  sunbeams  shine ; 
From  stone  to  stone  the  giant  spectre  strode. 
'  Canst  thou  reveal,'  I  asked,  '  with  what  design — ' 
A  voice  of  thunder  fills  the  dim  abode, — 
*  Whose  it  has  been  I  care  not, — ^now  'tis  mine.'  *' 


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My  dear  Sir, 

The  recent  discoveries  of  Romano-British  urns 
at  Drayton  having  again  drawn  public  attention  to  the  old 
ruin  in  the  vicinity,  I  visited  it  a  few  days  since,  in  company 
with  some  of  our  Committee,  with  the  view  of  endeavouring 
to  pierce  the  mystery  which  envelopes  its  history. 

I  need  hardly  tell  you,  when  you  look  at  the  accom- 
panying drawing,  that  there  is  no  connection  between  this 
structure  and  the  sepulchral  remains  lately  discovered  be- 
yond vicinage ;  and  I  have  prefaced  my  letter  with  the  ex- 
tract from  Taylor's  Lifey  to  which  your  friend,  Mr.  Borrow, 
drew  our  attention  the  other  day  at  your  house,  because  it 
expresses  in  forcible  language  the  state  of  public  information 
respecting  it. 

My  curiosity  was  considerably  stimulated  by  the  very 
difierent,  irreconcileable,  conclusions  arrived  at  by  those  who 
had  seen  it;  some  claiming  for  it  a  venerable  antiquity, 
whilst  others  stoutly  maintained  that  it  was  a  thing  of  yes- 
terday— a  modem  antique. 

It  stands  a  short  distance  to  the  left  of  the  road  leading 
from  St.  Martin's  gates  to  Fakenham,  about  three  miles  and 
a  half  from  the  city,  and  half  a  mile  from  the  village  of 
Drayton,  on  what  was,  until  recently,  open  heath;  and, 
placed  almost  at  the  edge  of  the  hill  overlooking  the  valley 
of  the  Wensum,  it  forms  a  striking  object  in  the  view  for 
a  considerable  distance. 

It  is  built  entirely  of  a  yellowish  brick  of  a  rather  large 
size,  (10  in.  by  5  in.,  and  2  in.  thick)  in  the  Old  English  mode 
of  a  course  of  "headers"  and  a  course  of  "stretchers."  Its 
form  is  oblong,  22  ft.  6  in.  by  16  ft.  3  in.,  with  a  large  round 
tower  of  twenty-two  feet  in  circumference,  at  each  comer. 
The  entrance  is  by  a  large  depressed  arch  in  the  South 
front,  to  the  left  of  which  a  small  narrow  aperture  seems 


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365 

to  have  aflforded  all  the  light  to  be  had  in  the  lower  room^ 
when  the  door  was  closed :  the  South-western  tower  appears 
to  have  had  a  staircase.  Holes  remain  in  the  internal  walls, 
in  which  the  beams  of  an  upper  floor  were  inserted.  A 
capacious  flue  in  the  West  wall  shows  the  position  of  the 
fire-place  in  the  lower  apartment;  whilst  the  East  wall  has 
a  similar  convenience  for  the  upper  room. 

Almost  all  architectural  details  are  destroyed,  and  not  a 
fragment  of  stone  or  timber  is  to  be  found.  The  arch  of 
entrance  is  so  mutilated  as  to  be  made  out  with  difficulty; 
and  on  a  first  glance  you  would  be  led  to  believe  the  brick- 
work was  of  so  tender  a  description,  that  it  must  have 
crumbled  to  pieces.  The  contrary,  however,  is  the  case  : 
the  bricks  I  examined  were  extremely  hard  *  and  the  mortar 
good;  and  such  care  has  been  exercised  in  strengthening 
it  in  various  parts,  that  the  idea  of  its  having  been  erected 
for  show  or  pastime  will,  on  a  careful  examination  of  it,  be  at 
once  dispelled. 

What  then  is  it  ? — what  its  history  ? 

The  people  in  the  neighbourhood  will  tell  you  it  has 
always  been  called  the  "Lodge:"  it  is  shown  in  Ogilby's 
Book  of  Roads  as  "Drayton  Lodge;"  and  the  editors  of 
the  History  of  Norfolk^  Booth,  1781,  say  of  it,  "  the  Lodge, 
now  ruinous,  is  a  conspicuous  object "  on  the  Norwich  side 
of  Drayton. 

The  yellowish  tone  of  the  bricks — the  springing  of  arches 
in  the  staircase  tower,  evidently  of  a  depressed  form — a  mas- 
sive arch  strengthening  the  North-eastern  tower,  and  a  loop 
in  the  Western  wall — reminded  me  strongly  of  portions  of 
the  buildings  at  Caister  by  Yarmouth. 

I  found  on  my  return  that  Fastolf  held  Hellesdon  and 


*  I  have  been  informed,  since  my  yisit,  that  the  external  brick- work  has 
been  a  good  deal  acted  upon  by  the  frost:  the  bricks  I  examined  were 
probably  from  the  interior. 

VOL.  II.]  2  C 


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Drayton  in  the  time  of  Henry  VI.,  and  that  the  Pastons 
succeeded  him ;  and  this  naturally  led  me  to  refer  to  those 
valuable  records,  the  Paston  Letters. 

From  these,  it  appears  that,  in  1465,  a  violent  attack  had 
been  made  by  the  Duke  of  Suffolk,  with  some  300  men, 
on  Heliesdon,  where  the  Pastons  then  had  a  residence,  and 
very  considerable  damage  was  done  by  him  and  his  followers. 
Margaret  Paston,  writing  to  her  husband,  John  Paston,  Esq., 
Sunday,  27th  October,  1466,  says : 

"  I  was  at  Heliesdon  upon  Thursday  last  past,  and  saw  the 
place  there,  [their  house,]  and  in  good  faith  there  will  no 
creature  think  how  foully  and  horribly  it  is  arrayed  but  if 
[unless]  they  saw  it;  there  cometh  much  people  daily  to 
wonder  thereupon,  both  of  Norwich  and  of  other  places, 
and  they  speak  shamefully  thereof:  the  Duke  had  by  better 
than  a  thousand  poxmd  that  it  had  never  been  done,  .... 
and  they  made  your  tenants  at  Heliesdon  and  Drayton, 
with  other,  to  help  to  break  down  the  walls  of  the  Place 
and  the  Lodge  both,  God  knoweth  full  evil  against  their 

wills,  but  that  they  durst  none  otherwise  do  for  fear 

If  it  might  be,  I  would  some  men  of  worship  might  be  sent 
from  the  King,  to  see  how  it  is,  both  there  and  €U  the  Lodge, 
ere  than  any  snows  come,  that  they  may  make  report  of 
the  truth,  else  it  shall  not  more  be  seen  so  plainly  as  it  may 
now " 

Nothing  appears  to  have  been  done  in  accordance  with 
her  wishes  at  that  time,  and  in  1466  her  husband  died  in 
London,  the  King  (Edward  lY.)  having  shortly  before  seized 
his  estates. 

In  1469  the  King  was  at  Norwich ;  and  John  Paston  the 
younger,  writing  to  his  brother.  Sir  John  Paston,  Knight, 
(who  had  taken  possession  of  his  father's  estates  in  1466, 
by  a  warrant  from  the  King)  says : 

"  Item,  the  King  rode  through  Heliesdon  Warren  towards 
Walstngham ;  and  Thomas  Wingfield  promised  me,  that  he 


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would  find  the  means  that  my  Lord  of  Gloucester  and  him- 
self both  should  shew  the  King  the  Lodge  that  was  broken 
down,  and  also  that  they  would  tell  him  of  the  breaking 
down  of  the  place.  Contrary  to  these  matters,  and  all  the 
comfort  that  I  had  of  my  Lord  Scales,  Sir  John  Wydville, 
and  Thomas  Wingfield,  my  uncle  William  saith,  that  the 
King  told  him  [with]  his  own  mouth,  when  he  had  ridden 
forth  hy  the  Lodge  in  Hdlesdon  Warren,  that  he  supposed 
as  well  that  it  might  fall  down  by  the  self,  as  be  plucked 
down;  for  if  it  had  been  plucked  down,  he  said  that  we 
might  have  put  in  our  bilb  of  it,  when  his  judges  sat  on 
the  Oyer  and  Determiner  in  Norwich,  he  being  there:" 
and  the  King  persisted  in  leaving  the  affair  to  be  settled  at 
law,  and  went  on  his  way. 

If  it  be  asked  how  I  can  connect  the  Lodge  referred  to 
in  the  above  extracts  with  Drayton  Lodge,  I  would  reply, 
that  the  road  past  this  ruin  was  the  Old  Wdlsingham  Way ; 
and  from  the  city  to  Drayton,  even  so  late  as  the  last  cen- 
tury, the  land  on  each  side  of  the  road  was  one  continuous 
open  heath  and  warren ;  that  no  other  trace  of  a  ruin  is  to  be 
found  elsewhere  on  this  line  of  road ;  that  the  Paston's  Place 
at  Hellesdon  was  in  the  vaUey  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  on 
which  the  ruins  stand,  and  could  not  be  seen  from  this  road, 
but  would  have  been  in  frill  view  of  the  King  on  the  Lower 
or  Hellesdon  road,  had  he  chosen  to  take  that  circuitous 
and  unfrequented  route ;  and  on  that  road  no  ^^ Lodge "  was 
to  be  seen  except  this;  and  that  the  most  serious  damages 
are  on  the  North-eastern  tower  and  North  wall,  and  there- 
fore the  points  most  clearly  seen  from  the  Walsingham 
road. 

With  a  residence  in  a  valley,  a  building  like  this — at  a 
short  distance,  of  some  strength,  commanding  from  its  bat- 
tlements a  view  of  the  country  in  every  direction  for  many 
miles,  within  bow-shot  too  of  one  of  the  leading  roads  to 
Norwich — was  no  mean  addition  to  the  secunW  ®^^  coiXiJoxV. 

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of  the  proprietors  in  the  troubled  times  of  Fastolf  and  the 
Pastons^  to  the  period  of  whose  possession  of  the  estate  I 
am  inclined  to  assign  the  erection  of  the  building. 

A  ruin  it  probably  remained  for  centuries,  until,  at  some 
comparatively  recent  period,  it  was  patched  up  and  made 
the  residence  of  a  warrener :  for  many  years  it  has  however 
been  again  abandoned  to  neglect  and  decay ;  and  so  entirely 
have  all  traces  of  its  history  faded  from  the  memories  of  those 
who  have  lived  around  it,  that,  in  the  words  of  Mr.  Bob- 
berds,  "  even  tradition  has  no  fable  of  its  origin." 

I  am. 
My  dear  Sir, 

Yours  very  faithfully, 

Henry  Habrod. 

Bank  Street,  Norwich, 
Jan.  17th,  1849. 


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EXTRACTS   FROM   A 

MS.    DIARY    OF   PETER    LE   NEVE,    ESQ. 

i^nofi  IKing  of  IBLxmHy 

BMTITLBD 

"MEMORANDA  IN  HERALDRY," 

OF  SUCH  ENTRIES  AS  BELATE  TO  THE  COUNTY  OF  NORFOLK. 

COMMUMICATBD  BY 

GEO.    A.    CARTHEW,    ESQ. 

(Qmtifwedfromp,  186.) 


1718. 

Le  Neve,  Anne,  2'^  daughter  and  coheir  of  Oliver  Le  Neve, 
of  Great  Wichingham  in  Norff.,  esq'.,  married  on  Shrove 
Sunday  to  John  Rogers,  of  Stamford  in  Line,  apothecary. 

Mills, ,  attomey-at-law,  formerly  high  bailiff  of  West- 
minster, dyed  day  of  February,  1717:   married 

daur  of Wilton,  of  Wilby  in  Norffolk,  esq'.^ 

He  was  formerly  dark  to  Will.  Petit,  esq'. 

Keteringham  hall  in  Norff.,  sold  by  Henry  Heron,  esqT.  to 

Atkjms,  esq'.,  son  and  heir  of  S'  Edward  Atkyns, 

formerly  Lord  Chief  Baron  of  the  excheq',  January, 
1717. 

^  Francis  Mills,  Gent,  and  Alethea,  one  of  the  daughters  and  coheirs  of 
Nicholas  Wilton,  Esq.,  then  deceased,  were  married  in  Dec.  1701.    Hex 
sisters  were  Eliza,  wife  of  Walter  Hastings,  and  Thomasine  Wilton,  who 
died  single.    Mr.  Mills  left  his  wife  surviving,  and  two  children,  Francis  and 
Marianne. 


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870 

Morris^  Bacon,  esq'.,  son  of  a  d'  and  coheir  of  S'  Edmund,^ 

by  ,  appointed  Leiftenant  Governor  of  Lantgard 

fort  in  SuflFolk,  in  room  of  Gwyn  Vaughan,  esq'.  (May.) 

Lb  Neve,  Edward,  only  son  of  Edward  Le  Neve  of  Soho 
Square,  one  of  his  Majesty's  Justices  of  the  Peace  for 
Midds.  county,  married  to  M".  Henrietta  Le  Neve,  one 
of  the  daughters  (m^.  3^  d'.)  and  coheirs  of  Oliver  Le 
Neve,  late  of  Great  Wychingham  in  the  county  of 
Norff.,  esq'.,  younger  brother  of  Peter  Le  Neve,  Norroy 
King  of  Arms,  on  Thursday,  the  3^  day  of  July,  1718, 
at  the  Cathedral  church  of  S*.  Paul's  in  London. 

GuRDON,  M".,  wife  of Gurdon,  of  Letton,  esq'.,  dyed 

day  of  July,  1718.3 

Wright,  M'.,  of  Wangford  in  SuflF.,* — John, — Lord  of  the 
Manor  of  Brandon,  and  of  the  Hundreds  of  "Weyland 
and  Grimshow,  in  Norff.,  dyed  on  Wedsday,  2S^  of 
July,  1718  :  buried  at 

WooDHOUSE,  John,  esq'.,^  of  Watton,  in  right  of  his  wife, 

[half  mad,]       ,  daughter  of ,  dyed  at  Malvern, 

in  Worcestershire,  day  of  July,  1718  : 

buried  there  in  the  church.     He  lived  at  Malvern  with 

his  sister, ,  relict  of Savage,  of  Malvern.     [See 

the  History  of  Malvern  Priory  for  the  inscription.] 

Burrows,  Philip,   M'.  of  Arts,  Petty  Canon  of  Norwich 


2  Susanna,  one  of  the  four  daughters  and  coheirs  of  Sir  Edmund  Bacon, 
the  4th  Baronet  of  B«dgraye,  married  Charles  Morris,  of  Loddington  in 
Leicestershire,  Esq.,  and  was  the  mother  of  Bacon  Morris. 

'  Madam  Eliza  Gurdon,  widow,  was  buried  at  Cranworth,  July  28,  1718 ; 
but  I  do  not  know  whose  widow  she  was.  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Brampton 
Gurdon,  of  Letton,  Esq.,  and  daughter  of  Col.  Thomhagh,  died  on  the  28th 
of  the  following  October ;  and  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Thomhagh  Gurdon,  Esq., 
one  of  the  daughters  and  coheirs  of  Sir  William  Cooke,  of  Brome,  Bart.,  did 
not  die  till  1745. 

*  He  was  Vicar  of  Stepney  in  Middlesex,  and  was  buried  at  Wangford. 

^  Third  son  of  Sir  Philip  Wodehouse,  of  Kimberley.  His  wife,  who  was 
the  relict  of  Wm.  Samwell,  Esq.,  surviyed  him.  {Bhmefield,  II.,  315.) 


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371 

Cathedrall,  Rector  of  Lakenham,  Vicar  of  Catton,  fell 
from  his  horse,  Friday  y«  16  of  Sept.,  dyed  Miinday 
19*^ 

De  La  Noy,  S'  Timothy,  of  Hammersmith,  K*.,  dyed  at 

Ebsom  in  Stirrey,  day  of  Sept.  1718:  buried  at 

:  40,000^  and  1600^  p  ann.     M'.  Newman,  of  Ba- 

consthorp,*  married  the  eldest  d'. 

RooKwooD,  Henry,  of  Tyes  Hall  in  Weston,  by  Wych- 
ingham  Magna,  in  Norff.,  Gent.,  dyed  there,  Saturday, 

11'^  of  October,   1718:  buried  day  of  the  same 

month  in  the  same  parish  church. 

Paston,  Lord,  son  and  heir  of  the  Earl  of  Yarmouth,  dyed 
at  Gravesend,  22"^  day  of  December,  1718.    [L'*.  Paston 

married  Elizabeth,  d^  of Pitt,  a  porter,  whose  wife 

was  an  apple-woman  by  Wills  Coffee-house  in  Convent 
Garden :  by  her  he  had  Elizabeth,  only  child,  Hyeing  at 
his  death,  20  years  old.]'' 

1719. 

Rogers,  John,  of  Stamford  in  Lincolnshire,  Apothecary, 
who  married  Anne,  2**  daughter  and  coheir  of  Oliver 
Le  Neve,  Esq'',  late  of  gr'.  Wychingham  in  Norff.,  my 
younger  brother :  his  wife,  Anne,  my  niece,  brought  to 

bed  of  a  daughter,  Anne,  day  of  December,  1718. 

Xtened  Thursday,  day  of  Jan.  instant  there.     2 

Godfathers — John,  Earl  of  Exon,  by  S'.  Tho.  Mack- 
worth,  bar^,  S'.  Bass.  Gaudy,  of  West  herling,  baronet. 


^  Wm.  Newman,  Esq.,  of  BaconBthorpe,  High  Sheriff  of  Norfolk  in 
1701-2. 

''  Charles  and  William,  successively  Lords  Paston,  both  of  whom  died 
in  the  lifetime  of  their  father,  the  last  Earl  of  Yarmouth,  are  supposed  to 
hayc  died  unmarried  and  without  issue ;  and  it  is  so  stated  in  the  Pedigree 
of  the  fiunily,  annexed  to  Enight*s  edition  of  the  Paston  Letters  and  inserted 
in  Mr.  Dawson  Turner*s  ezccUcnt  History  of  Caistor  CasUe* 


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372 

her  mother's  brother,  by  Wingfeild,  of esq'. 

2  Godmothers — M".  Prudence  Le  Neve,  her  aunt,  the 
wife  of  me,  Peter  Le  Neve,  esq'.,  Norroy  King  of  Arms, 
by  the  Lady  Oldfeild ;  and  M".  Brown,  wife  of  Will. 
Browne  of  Elsing,  in  Norff.,  esq'.,  by  M".  Wingfeild, 
wife  of  the  said  M'.  Wingfeild — the  child's  name  Anne. 

Wright,  M".  Anne  Eade,  widdow  of  Charles  Wright,  D.D. 
professor  of  Arabick  in  the  university  of  Cambridge, 
dyed  at  Edmunton  in  Midds.,  Tuesd.,  10*^  day  of  Febr., 
1718-19 :  buried  at  Lynton,  in  the  north  side,  in  Cam- 
bridgeshire, by  her  husband,  Munday,  16^**  day  of  the 
same  month.  [D'.  of  Eob*.  Eade,  D'.  of  Phisick,  of 
Cambridge,  from  Norff.®] 

Lb  Neve,  Edward,  Junior,  of  Soho  Square  in  Midds.,  who 
married  Henrietta,  daughter  and  coheir  of  Oliver  Le 
Neve,  esq'.,  my  brother, — ^his  wife  was  brought  to  bed 
of  a  son,  Saturday  morning,  between  8  and  4  of  the 
clock,  on  S*.  Mark's  day,  April  25,  a.d.  1719;  christened 
Saturday  the  9*^  day  of  May,  1719,  in  S'  Anne's  parish, 
Westminster.  Godfathers — Peter  Le  Neve,  Norroy, 
Edward  Le  Neve  the  elder,  of  Soho,  father  of  Edw^. ; 
and  M" Welby,  of  Denton  in  Line,  Godmother. 

Bedinofeld,  Charles,  of  in  Suffolk,®  by  Buddsdale, 

dyed  at  his  house  there,  on  Munday,  7  of  June,  1719: 

buried  at :  left  8  sons ;  3  daurs.,  Eliz.,  Mary, 

Letitia:  he  max^ d'.  and  coheir  of  S'.  Will.  Cook, 

of  Broomhall  in  Norfolk. 

B  The  wife  of  Dr.  Eade  was  Anne,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Chester, 
of  Koyston,  Knt. :  she  married,  secondly,  Henry  Hoogan,  M.D.  of  Lynn 
Kegis.  Her  half-brother,  Edward  Chester,  Esq.,  married  Judith,  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Edward  Wright,  Esq.,  of  Finley,  Notts,  who  probably  was  of 
the  same  family  as  the  Professor. 

*  Charles  Bedingfeld,  of  Swatshaugh,  in  the  parish  of  Gislingham, 
Suffolk,  was  one  of  the  sons  of  Philip  Bedingfeld,  of  Ditchingham,  Esq. 
His  wife  was  Agatha,  or  Agnita,  one  of  the  five  daughters  and  coheirs  of  Sir 
William  Cooke,  Bart. 


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373 

Violet,  Mrs.  Cecilia,  or  Celia,  sister  of  the  Lady  Drury,  and 

of  M'.  Wright  of  Kilverston's  Lady,*®  dyed  at  

day   of   June,    1719 :    huried    at    Gateshend    in 

Norfolk. 

Le  Neve,  Edward,  of  Soho  Square  in  Midds.,  esq'.,  one  of 
his  Majesty's  Justices  of  the  Peace  for  that  County,  dyed 
at  his  said  house,  Munday,  the  24*^  of  August,  1719,  of 
a  lethargy :  buried  in  a  vault  built  by  him  in  S*  Anne's 
church  in  Westm',  Sunday  night,  the  30*^  of  the  same 
month. 

Brown,  Thomas,  son  and  heir  of  William  Brown,  of  Elsing, 
esq'.,  in  Norff.,  married  at  Belaugh  church  to  Mary,  d'. 
of  Edward,  and  sister  of  Roger  Pratt,  of  West  Buston 
in  Norff.,  esq'.,  Thursday,  the  3**  day  of  September,  1719. 

Keck,  Robert,  Gent.,  only  son  of  Anthony  Keck,  citizen  and 
scrivener  in  Fleet  Street,  London,  fellow  of  the  Royall 
Society,  aged  about  33,  and  of  the  Inner  Temple,  dyed 
at  Paris,  10  [or  16^^]  of  Sept.,  1719,  in  his  travells : 
kinsman  to  S'.  Anthony  Keck.^  [Buried  in  the  Temple 
Church,  13  November.] 

Godfrey,  Rich^.,  of  Hindringham  in  Norff.,  sworn  one  of 
the  Masters  of  the  High  Court  of  Chancery  in  October, 
1719,  in  the  room  of  S'.  Thomas  Gery,  K*. 

1720. 

Neve,  Henrietta,  wife  of  Edward  Neve  of  Soho,  was  brought 
to  bed  of  a  daughter,  Munday,  14  of  March,  1719-20, 

and  it  was  christened  on  Munday,  21  inst*.:  Mansel, 

son  and  heir  of  Thomas  Lord  Mansel  (^Godfather);  M". 

»o  Diana,  lady  of  Sir  Robert  Drury,  of  Riddlesworth,  Bart.,  and  Anne, 
"wife  of  Charles  Wright,  of  Kilverstone,  Esq.,  were  two  of  the  daughters  and 
coheirs  of  George  Vilett,  Esq.,  of  Pinckney  Hall,  in  the  parish  of  Tatteniett 
or  Gatesend. 

1  The  Kecks  had  an  estate  at  Oately,  called  **  Overmore.*' 


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Welby  of  Denton,  Linc^  and  her  aunt,  my  wife,  god- 
mothers. 

Wrench,  Benjamin,  of  Norwich,  Doctor  of  Phisick,  knighted 
at  SK  James,  Sunday,  10«»  day  of  Aprill,  1720. 

Nevb,  William,  of  Wymondham  in  Norff.,  Gent.,  a  brewer 

there  formerly,  dyed  day  of ,  1720:  buried 

there ,  by  his  2  wifes:  left  by  !•*  wife its;  by 

2^  wife,  Francis  and  2  drs.* 

Walpole,  Horatio,  esq'.,'  brother  of  Robert  Walpole,  Secre- 
tary to  the  Duke  of  Grafton  as  Lord  Leif.  of  Ireland, 

married  day  of  August,  to  daur  and  coheir 

of  Peter  Lombard,  Staymaker,  formerly  French  refugee. 
50,000^  fortune. 

Blackborne,  Edmund,  of  [Burfolds  Manor  House]  in 
Wymondham,  Gent.,  dyed  Friday,  9^^  of  Sept.  1720: 
buried  at  Wymondham,  Munday  12:  left  one  d'.  un- 
married, about  16  years  old. 

Stmonds,  ,*  Aid.  of  Yarm.,  dyed  day  of  Sep'., 

1720;  left  many  legacys  to  charitys:  of  the  Ormesby 
family,  unmarr. 

Sacheverell,  ,  widdow  of  James  Sacheverell,  Clerk, 

Vicar  of  Great  and  Rector  of  Little  Wychingham  in 
Norff.,  dyed  at  Norwich,  Friday  or  Saturday,  23  or  24 
of  September:  buried  at  S^  Mich,  in  Coslany  church 
Munday  after,  26  of  Sept. 

'  ThiB  gentleman  was  of  the  Aslacton  branch  of  the  Le  Neve  family. 
(See  accompanying  Pedigree.)  From  Hester,  daughter  of  Alice  Burrell,  the 
second  wife,  who  married  Samuel  Oilman,  of  Hingham,  is  descended  Samuel 
Heyhoe  Le  Neve  Oilman,  Esq.,  now  of  Hingham;  and  also  our  worthy 
Secretary,  the  Hev.  Bichard  Hart. 

'  Afterwards  created  Baron  Walpole  of  Wolterton:  progenitor  of  the 
Earl  of  Orford  of  the  present  creation.  Miss  Lombaid*s  name  was  Mary 
Magdalen. 

*  Nathaniel  Symonds.  (Sec  SepulchnU  Beminuceiicea  of  Great  Yamwuth^ 
by  Dawson  Turner,  Esq.,  p.  82,  in  the  Appendix  to  which  is  given  an 
Abstract  of  the  Will,  p.  146.) 


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Berney, ,  of  Westwyk^  in  NorflF.,  Geut,  brother,  elder, 

of  Steward  Bemey,  married  to  his  2**  wife  on day 

of  July,   1720,  at  S* in  London,  d'.  and 

coheir   of  Maurice  Kendall,   of  New  Bokenham  and 

North  Walsham,  councelor  at  lawe,  dec^.,  by his 

2^  wife,  daughter  of  S'.  John  Ashfeild,  of in  Sus- 
sex, by ,  his  2^  wife,  d'.  of ,  and  relict  of 

Berney,  Thomas,  of  Swardeston®  in  Norff.,  esq',  dyed 

day  of  October,  1720:   bur*'  there,  day  of  same 

month. 

Calthorp,  Xtofer,  esq'.,  son  and  heir  of  Xtofer  C,  esq'., 
son  and  heir  of  S'.  Christofer,  dyed  at  the  School  at 
Bury,  the  6*^  day  of  November,  young,  aged  18  yrs.,  and 
buried  at  Fakenham  the  9***  of  the  same  month."^ 

Cressenor,  Henry,  dark.  Rector  of  West  Herling  in  Norff., 
dyed  19'^  day  of  October,  1720 :  buried  at  West  Her- 
ling, 22*»,  Saturday,  [by]  M'.  Whaley,  Rector  of  Rid- 
dleB[warth].  [Eliz.  Cressenor,  d'.  and  heir,  had  2  sons ; 
both  dyed  before  him :  her  mother  dyed  before  her 
father.] 

Herne,  Rob^,  of  Tybenham,  dyed day  of ,  with- 
out issue :  left  his  estate  to  Buxton  of  Chamels.® 

9  John  Bemey,  of  West  wick,  Esq.,  eldest  son  and  heir  of  John  Bemey 
of  that  place,  Esq.,  (third  son  of  Sir  Bichard,  of  Redeham,  Bart.,)  married, 
first,  Bridget,  daughter  of  William  Branthwaite,  of  Hethel,  Esq.,  by  whom 
he  had  two  daughters  and  coheirs;  Julian,  the  elder,  wife  of  Thomas 
Brograve,  Esq.,  and  Elizabeth  the  younger,  wife  of — Petre,  Esq.  By  his 
second  wife,  Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of  Maurice  Kendall,  he  had  no  issue. 

^  The  'wife  of  this  Thomas  Bemey,  (who  was  great  grandfather  of  the 
present  Thomas  Trench  Bemey,  Esq.,  of  Morton,)  was  Anne,  second 
daughter  of  Robert  Suckling,  of  Woodton,  Esq. 

''  With  this  youth  ended  the  male  line  of  the  house  of  Calthorpe  of 
Barsham. 

B  Robert  Heme,  Esq.,  died  12th  Aug.,  1720,  and  was  buried  at  Tibenham. 
John  Buxton,  of  Channonz  Hall  in  that  parish,  Gent.,  had  married  Ann, 
daughter  and  heir  of  Clement  Gooch,  of  Earsham,  £sq.  by  Saxah,  his  wi£e, 
who  was  daughter  of  Robert  Heme,  Gent.,  and  sistc^     i  tHe  subject  oC  this 
notice. 


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Elwyn,   ,  esq'.,  of  Tuttington  in  Norff,  high  Sheriff 

1719,  dyed  after  his  Shrivalty, day  of ,  1720.« 

1721. 

Le  Neve,  Thomas,  Shoemaker,  dyed  11"^  of  May,  1721: 
lived,  dyed,  and  buried  in   Criplegate  parish :   left  a 

widdow, ,  daughter  of ,  of  Norwich,  and  thre 

children, — Deborah,  Mary,  and  Thomas,  bom  about  12 
of  April,  1721.  M^.  I  have  pmised  the  widdow  to  pay 
for  her  child  2*.  6**.  p  month  for  nursing  it.^® 

Gray, ,  of  Wolterton  in  Norff.,  heir  of Scambler, 

dyed  of  high  feavor, day  of ,  1721.^ 

Seaman,  ,  wife  of  Thomas  Seaman,  esq'.,  of  Norwich, 

dyed  [in  childbed  of  a  boy,  which  lived]  day  of 

May,   1721 :    buried  at   Her  husband  took  out 

letters  of  administration  to  her.  May  1721. 

Bacok,  Sir  Edmund,  of  Gillingham,  Norff.,  bart.,  dyed 
Munday,  10*^  day  of  July,  1721 :  succeeded  by  his 
1"*  son,  Edmund  Bacon,  esq'.,  on  whom  the  estate 
settled.     17,000^^  debt :  left  10  children  by  his  2  wifes. 

Nall, ,*  Alderman  of  Norwich,  dyed day  of , 

1721 :  succeeded  by  Fromantell,  an  attorney. 

Pagrave,  John,  of  Lctheringset,  dark,  and  of  Salle,  in 
Norff.,3dyed  at , day  of  May,  1721:  buried  at 

»   Peter  Elwin,  Esq.  died  6th  Feb.  1721 :   buried  at  Tuttington. 
1^  How  tliifl  Thomaa  was  connected  with  Peter,  I  have  no  means  of 
shewing. 

1  James  Gray,  Esq.,  of  Wolterton,  who  died  8th  April,  1721,  was  son  of 
the  Key.  Thomas  Gray,  Hector  of  Carendish,  in  Suffolk,  by  Elizabeth,  his 
wife,  daughter  of  James  Seamier,  Esq.,  who  was  grandson  of  Edmund, 
Bishop  of  Norwich. 

2  Matthew  Nall,  an  attorney :  see  post,  p.  383. 

'  He  was  the  only  son  of  the  Rev.  Nath.  Palgrave,  who  was  rector  of 
Lctheringset  and  Hackford,  and  was  the  son  of  Sir  John  Palgrave,  the  first 
Baronet,  by  his  third  wife,  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  WiUiam  de  Grey,  and 
widow  of  Cotton  Gascoigne,  Esq.  His  only  sister,  to  whom  he  left  his 
property,  was  named  Mary  ;  and  she  also  died  unmarried. 


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Bamingham :  left  most  of  his  estate  to  his  sister :  un- 
married. 

Hall,  Thomas,  son  and  heir  of  Alderman  Hall,  dyed  of  a 

feavor,  day  of  July,  :  called  Captain  HaU, 

and  the  governor  of  Norwich:  buried  at  ,  before 

his  father.* 

Edward  Le  Neve's  daughter,  by  my  niece  Henrietta  Le 

Neve,  dyed  of  the  small-pox, day  of  August,  1721 : 

buried  at  ;    and  my  niece  was  brought  to  bed  of 

another  daughter,  Wedsday  the  23*^  day  of  August  in- 
stant.    [Elizabeth.] 

Howes,  ,  son  and  heir  of Howes,  of  Moming- 

thorpe  in  Norff,   late  High   Sheriflf:   married  2  years 

since  to  M" Sydnor,  d'.  of Sydnor,  M'.  of 

Arts,  Rector  of  Hokering  in  Norff. ^  [I  think  no  right 
to  arms.] 

Fetherstonhagh,  {Oeorge),  died  suddenly  on  the  road,  of 
his  horse,  Tuesday  night,  26  of  Sept.,  1721  :  buried 
at  Folsham,  Thursday  28^*^  :  Rector  of  Folsham  and 
Byntrie,  in  Norff.® 

Frampton  M".,  wife  of  CoUonell  Frampton,  and  daughter 
and  heir  of  M'.  Heron,  late  of  Keteringham  in  Norff,  by 
his  wife,  d'.  and  heir  of  S'.  Will.  Heveningham,  dyed 
day  of  Sept.,  1721 :  buried  at  Cressy  in  Line. 

Neve,  M".  Anne,  of  Ringlaiid,  widdow  of  Cozen  Francis 

Neve,  dyed  at  R.  the  7*^  of  November:  buried  

day  of  the  same  month  at  *She  was  daughter  of 

Edmund  Blackbome,  of  Windham  in  Norff.,  gent. 


«  According  to  Blomefield,  (IV.,  p.  470»)  Thomas  Hall,  son  of  John  Hall, 
Esq.,  died  in  1715,  and  Captain  WiHiam  Hall,  another  son,  died  July  I6th^ 
1721 :    both  lie  buried  in  the  church  of  St.  George  of  Colegate. 

5    Barbara,   daughter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Sydnor    "wob  -wife  oi  3ohiv 
Howes,  son  of  John  Howes,  Esq. 

«  His  wife  was  Martha,  daughter  of  Edward  Coop^     q[  "^i^^^^^,  <^cxA- 


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378 

Shaw,  [John,]  of  Besthorp  in  NorfF.,  as  I  am  told,  shot  him- 
self thro'  the  head,  16^**  day  of  Novemb.  instant,  being 
melancholy:  a  sub-brigadier  in  the  horse-guards:  buried 
at  Besthorp. 

Lestbange,  Thomas,  son  and  heir  of  S'.  Nicholas  Lestrange, 
bart.,  of  Hunstanton,  was  married  at  Hunstanton,  Thurs- 
day 27'^  of  July,  1721,  to  M".  Ann  Calthorp,  aunt  and 
coheir  of  Xtofer  Calthorp,  of  Eastbarsham,  in  Norff., 
esq.,  son  and  heir  of  Xtofer  Calthorp,  son  and  heir  of 
S^  Xtofer,  K^  of  Bath. 

Seaman,   Lady  Joane,   (daughter  of Framingham,"^  a 

baker  at  Lenne,  who  purchased  Frenge),  widdow  of  S'. 
Peter  Seaman,  K^  of  Norwich,  dyed  of  the  small-pox, 
day  of  December,  1721 :  buried  by  her  husb**. 

1722. 

RooKWOOD,  ,  of  Tyeshall  in  Weston,  in  NorfF.,  gent: 

married  daur.  of  Wyke,  of  Hethersete  in  NorflF., 

yeoman,  Wednesday, day  of  February,  1721. 

Jermy,  ,  councelor  of  Norwich,  married  day  of 

Febr.  (Shrove  Tuesday),  1721,  to «  d'.  of  S'.  Ben- 
jamin Wrench,  D'.  Phis. :  his  3^  wife. 

Seabright,  Richard,  esq'.,  of  Croxton,  NorfF.,  dyed  at , 

Febr.  19  or  20^^,  1722,  s.  pie. :  left  estate  to  his  nephew, 

Sebright,  younger  bro.  of  S^  Tho.  [who  was  after 

assassinated  in  France.] 

Earl,  John,  gent.,  son  and  heir  apparent  of  Erasmus  Earl, 
of  Salle  in  Norffolk,  esq'.,  dyed  at  Norwich,  21  day  of 
February,  1721-2,  much  in  debt  (1800^  at  Norwich, 

above  2000^*  in  Lond.)  :  buried  at  Hey  don, day  of 

[before  his  father.] 

7   See  Blomofield,  X.,  305. 

*   This  was  Mary  Wrench :  she  survived  her  husband,  Mr.  Jenny,  and 
died  his  widow  in  1775. 


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Eabl^  Erasmus,  esq^.,  of  Heydon  in  Norff.,  dyed  there  6'^ 
of  March,  1721-2 :  buried  in  the  church  there. 

Le  Neve,  John,  Rector  of  Thornton  in  the  More,  in  Lin- 
conshire  :  pr'sented  by  Bp.  of  Ely. 

Thoresby,  William,  gent.,  son  and  heir  of  Thoresby,  for- 
merly of  Gaywood  in  Norff.,  killed  by  a  fall  from  his 
horse,  on day  of  July,  1722. 

Walpole,  Lady  Anne,  d'.  of  the  first  Duke  of  Leeds, 
widdow,  first,  of  Robert  Coke,  of  Holkham  in  Norff., 
esq'. ;  2^^^.,  of  Horatio  Walpole,  younger  son  of  S'. 
Edward  Walpole,  of  Houghton  in  Norff.,  K*.  of  Bath, 
dec**.;  dyed  at  her  house  in  Ormund  street,  Saturday 
even  or  Sunday,  5  of  Aug.,  1722:  had  issue  only  by 
Coke :  lay  in  state,  Jerusalem  Chamber :  buried  at 
Westm'.  Abbey. 

Layer,  Xtofer,  of  Booton  formerly,  sent  to  the  Tower :  made 
discovery  of  Plott. 

Richardson,   Baroness,   relict  of   Thomas   or  Will.    Lord 

Richardson,  baron  of  Cramond  in  Scotl^.,  d'.  of , 

Goldsmith  of  Norwich,  dyed  at  Southacre  in  Norffolk, 

on  or  about  the  day  of  July  or  August,  1722: 

buried  there  :*  left  one  son  and  d'.,  I  think. 

Layer,  Christopher,  formerly  of  Booton  in  Norff.,  tryed 
for  high  treason  at  the  King's  Bench  bar,  Wedsday,  21 
of  Nov.,  1722;  condemned  27:  his  unkle  Christofer  still 
living — ^his  father,  a  laceman — born  in  Henrietta  street, 
12  Nov.  1688,  bapt.  22^  Nov.  foil,  [reprieved  till  19  of 
January  next.] 

1723. 
Blackwell,  S'.  Lambert,  late  one  of  the  Directors  of  South 
Sea  Company,   dyed  in  London,   Sunday,   4*^  day  of 
February,  1722-3  :  buried  at 

^  Elizabeth,  second  lady  of  William  Lord  Richardson,  and  daughter  and 
heir  of  James  Daniel,  of  Norwich,  died,  according  to  Blomefield,  December 
8,  1722,  and  was  buried  at  East  Walton. 


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380 

Layer,  Xtofer,  an  Attorney,  then  a  Councelor   at  Lawe, 

[Traytor^      lived   at  Aylsham,   in   Norff.,    son   of  

Layer,^"  executed  for  high  treason  at  Tyburn, 
Friday,  17^^  of  May,  1723. 

Jernegan,  Henry,  Goldsmith  and  Banker,  younger  son  of 
S'.  Francis  Jernegan,  of  Cossey  in  Norff.,  Baronet,  de- 
clared a  bankrupt,  July 

Pettus,  Thomas,  esq.,  son  and  heir  of  S'.  Horatio  Pettus, 
bar*.,  dyed  at  Rackheath  or  Norwich  of  the  smaU-pox, 
in  the  life  of  S'.  Horace  his  father,  unmarried :  buried 
at  Rackheath, day  of  October,  1723. 

Wych,  Lady,  relict  of  S^  Cyrill  Wych,  K'.,  of  Hockwold  in 
Norff.,  daughter  of  Geo.^  Evelyn  of  Wotton,  Surr.,  dyed 

day  of  Dec,   1723,  in  Dover  street :    buried  at 

Wotton  in  the  vault  of  the  family  there,  friday,  29  of 
December,  1723. 

Le  Neve,  Henrietta,  wife  of  Edward  Le  Neve,  brought  to 
bed  of  a  boy,  Munday,  16  of  Decemb.,  1723,  christened 
Robert. 

Robinson,  John,  Rector  of  Repham  cum  Kerdiston,  dyed 
25  day  of  August,  1723,  about  12  at  night :  buried  y' : 
succeeded  by  Francis  S*.  John,  son  of  Tho.  S*.  John,  of 
Tudenham ;  inducted  Thursday,  26  of  Sept.,  into  that 
liveing. 

Seabright,  M'.,  Croxton,  neer  Thetford,  to  whom  his  unkle 
left  that  estate,  was  murdered  by  6  ruffians  on  the  high- 
way goeing  from  Calais  towards  Paris,  7  miles  of  Calais, 
for  300  guineys,  which  they  changed;    with  one  M'. 

10  Christopher,  son  of  John  Layer,  of  London,  of  a  family  long  seated  at 
Booton,  was  the  principal  agent  in  a  conspiracy  for  a  general  insurrection  in 
favour  of  the  Pretender,  the  correspondence  relating  to  which  was  seized  in 
his  chambers  in  Southampton  buildings.  He  was  several  times  reprieved  in 
hopes  of  obtaining  evidence  implicating  persons  of  higher  rank.  His  wife 
was  Mary,  daughter  of  Peter  Elwin,  of  Tuttington,  Esq. 

1  (f)  He  was  brother  to  John  Evelyn.  Her  mother,  his  first  wife,  was 
daughter  and  coheiress  of  Daniel  Caldwell,  of  Homdon,  Essex,  Esq. 


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381 

Davis  and  M'.  Munpesson.  All  their  bodys  brought 
over  into  Engl*^.  So  the  estate  here  comes  to  his  elder 
brother,  S'.  Thomas,  of  Bechewood,  Hertf.,  bart. 

Houghton,  ,*  esq^,  Clark  of  the  Peace,  dyed  Saturday, 

28'^  of  Sept.,  at  Norwich,  aged  70. 

Repps,  ,3  unkle,  [qre.  if  not  aunt]  to  Justice  Repps  of 

Matsal,  dyed day  of  Sept.,  172S. 

Repps,  John,  of  Mateshale,  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Peace 
for  the  County,  dyed  at  the  Popinjay  Inne,  in  Norwich, 
Tuesday,  the  8  of  October,  1723 :  buried  at  Salle,  in 
Norff., day  of  the  same  month. 

GuiBON,  Lady,  widdow  of  S'.  Francis  Guibon,  of  Thursford, 
[Sarah  or  Isabell,  d'.  of  Joachim  Mathews,  of  Great 
Gobious  in  Havering  p'ish,  by  Rumford  in  Essex,  and 
sister  of  S^  PhUip  Mathews,  Bart.]  dyed  at  Norwich, 
day  of  October,  1723:  buried  at  Thursford,  Sun- 
day, 6  of  that  month. 

Gaudy,  S'.  Bassingborne,  of  West  Herling,  bart.,  dyed,  un- 
married, of  a  bruise,  occasioned  by  his  horse's  tumbling 
into  a  coney-burrow  at  coursing,  haveing  had  a  rupture 
for  14  years  past,  and  never  sought  for  cure  thereof: 
on  Wedsday,  9^**  of  Octob.,  the  misfortune  happened; 
and  the  mortification  killed  him  on  Thursday  morning 
10^^ ;  was  wrapt  in  sere  cloth  and  put  in  a  leaden  coffin ; 
that  in  a  woden  one :  buried  in  West  Herling  church  in 
the  chappel  there,  Thursday,  17^  of  Oct. :  he  left  his 
3  nieces  his  heirs.^ 

The  title  of  bart.  extinct  in  him,  tho'  Bassingborne 

2  Houghton  John,  of  Bramerton  HaU.  (Blomef.  Y.,  474.) 

3  Clement  Repps,  Gent.,  uncle  to  John  B^pps,  Esq.,  of  Mattishall,  was 
buried  at  Yaxham,  10th  Sept.,  1723. 

^  In  another  note,  Le  Neye  says,  '*  his  heirs  were  the  daughters  of  his 
only  sister,  Anne,  the  wife  of  Oliyer  Le  Neve,  Esq.,  of  Great  Witchingham, 
both  deceased  ;  Isabel,  unmarried ;  Anne,  wife  of  John  Rogers,  of  Stamford, 
licentiate  in  Fhisick,  late  an  apothecary ;  and  Henrietta,  wife  of  Edward  Le 
Neve,  of  Soho  Square  in  Midds." 


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S82 

Gaudy,  esq*^.,  of  the  same  place  is  his  heir  male,  videct. 
son  of  Charles  Gaudy,  son  and  heir  of  Charles,  2^  son 
of  Framlingham  Gaudy,  father  of  S'.  Will.  Gaudy, — 
created  hart., — father  of  S'.  John,  father  of  the  dec'd. 
S'.  Bass.,  the  said  fBassinglomeJ  haveing  one  brother, 
(Charles,  I  think,)  an  apprentice  ;  but  he  left  them 
nothing,  for  he  dyed  without  a  will. 

BLAD^VELL,   Philippa,   daur.   of  Will.  Bladwell,^  of  Swan- 

ington,  esq'.,  and  sister  of  Gyles,  widdow  of Ward, 

after  of Bradbury,  dyed  at  Swanington, day  of 

December,  1728:  buried  on  Munday,  SO*^  of  that  month. 

Keene,  Edmund,  late  of  Melton  M.  in  Norflf.,  one  of  the 
South  Sea  Directors,  dyed  at  Bath,  Tuesday,  21  of 
January,  1728. 

Makarell,  ,  Alderman  of  Norwich,  dyed,  aged  85,  at 

Norwich,  ,*  left  two  sons;  ,  the  elder,  re- 
ceiver generall  for  the  county  of  Norff.,  who  married 

;  Benjamin  Makerell,  2*^  son,  married  ,  and 

hath  severall  children — ^both  liveing  in  Norwich.  M**. 
the  father  had  a  grant  of  arms. 

1724. 

Walpolb,  Lord  Robert,  Clerk  of  Pells  in  y^  Excheq',  son 
and  heir  of  Bx)bert  Walpole,  csq^.,  of  Houghton  in 
Norff.,  married  to  Margaret,  d'.  and  heir  of  CoU.  Rolls,'' 

'  She  was  probably  daoghter  of  William  Bladwell,  by  his  wife  Philippa, 
eldest  daughter  of  Thomas  Browne,  of  Elsing,  Esq. 

'  John  Mackarell,  according  to  Blomefield,  died  16th  March,  1723,  and 
lies  buried  in  the  chuich  of  St.  Peter  at  Mancroft.  Charles,  the  elder  son, 
married  Mary,  only  daughter  and  heir  of  James  Demee,  of  Norwich,  Gent., 
by  Frances  his  wife,  daughter  of  Martin  Earle,  Esq.  of  Heydon :  Benjamin, 
the  younger,  was  the  Historian  of  Lynn. 

^  This  lady  was  daughter  and  sole  heiress  of  Samuel  Rolle,  Esq.  of 
Haynton,  oo.  Devon,  and  eyentoaUy  succeeded  to  the  Barony  of  CUnton : 
she  aunrivcd  her  husband,  (who  was  second  Earl  of  Orford  of  that  creation^) 
and  married,  secondly,  the  Hon.  Sewallis  Shirley. 


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388 

^   worth  160,000",  Thursday  26^  of  March,  1724 :    mar. 
by  Baker,  Bp.  of  Bangor. 

1725. 

Bedingfeild,  Lady,  of  Kew  Green  in  Surrey,  relict  of  S'. 
Henry  Bedingfeild,  K*.,  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's 
Bench  in  the  reign  of  King  James  2**,  d'.  of  S'.  Rob*. 
B.,  K*.,  Lord  Maior  of  Lond.,  a.i>.  17....,  dyed  there, 
Saturd.  25  of  Aprill:  buried  at 

Lombard,  Peter,  staymaker  to  Kath.  Queen  Dowager,  dyed 

at  Westm'.,  Wed'sday,  6  of  May,  1726 :  buried  at : 

left  2  d".  and  coheirs:  1 ,  mar**,  to  Leheup, 

of   Bond   street,   Midds. ;   2 ,®  mar*,   to   Horace 

Walpole,  Ambassador  in  France,  brother  of  Robert,  of 
Wickmere  in  Norff. 

Wyndham,  James,  younger  brother  of  Ash  Wyndham,  of 
Felbrigge  in  Norff.,  Comander  of  the  King's  ship  called 
y*  Diamond,  dyed  at  sea,  March  or  Aprill,  1725 :  buried 
in  the  sea :  unmarried. 

CoLEPEPEK,  Cheyney,  Lord,  zealous  for  present  government, 
but  would  not  take  the  abjuration  oath  in  time  of  King 
Charles  2*.;    left  the  world  upon  disgust;    retired   to 

Hoveton  Sci.  John's  in  Norff. :  dyed  there  day  of 

June,  1726,  aged  83.     3*.  son  of  the  1«*  Ld. 

Watid,  ,  marr'  to  d'.  and  heir  of Naul,  Aid. 

of  Norwich,  an  attorney,  about  March :  he  died  8 
months  after;  she  carried  him  down  to  be  buried,  left 
him  with  his  friends  to  be  put  into  the  ground,  and 
drove  away  to  Norwich.® 

^  See  supra,  p.  874,  n.  3. 

'  Rebecca,  only  daughter  and  heir  of  Matthew  Nail  and  Kebccca,  his 
wife,  daughter  and  coheir  of  Francis  Annyson,  was,  through  her  mother, 
possessed  of  the  manors  of  Kerdiston  Keepham  and  Kerdeston  Calthorpes, 
and  the  advowson  of  the  church  of  Kerdeston  cum  Keepham :  she  married 
Thomas  Ward,  of  Norwich,  Esq.,  whom  she  thus  buried,  and  died,  herself,  in 
1766. 

2d2 


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384 

Davy,  ,  esq'.,  of  Ditchingham  in  Norff.,  dyed  without 

issue, day  of  Sept.,  1725:  buried  at ,  Sunday, 

4^**  of  October. 

BuLWER,  Edward,  of  Dalling  Wood,  esq'.,  dyed  there 

day  of  October,  1725  :  buried  there. 

Tylney,  Frederick,  esq'.,  of  Tylney  Hall,  in  Rotherwick,  in 

Hants.,  and  of  East  Tudenham  in  Norff.,  dyed  at , 

Sunday,  3**  of  October,  1725 :  buried  day  of  Oct., 

at :  left  one  d'.  and  h'.,  Anne  or  Eliz.,  mar.  to  the 

Sight  Honorable  William  Lord  Craven. 

Hawtrey,  Ralf,  of  Rislip  in  Midds.,  esq'.,  who  mar**,  long 

since ,  d'.  and  coheir  of  S'.  Will,  de  Grey,^®  of  Mer- 

ton  in  Norff.,  K*.:  she  dying  about  80  years  of  age, 

day  of  ,   17....;   he  survived  her  and  dyed 

there,  on  5*^  day  of  December,  1725,  aged  100  years : 
was  deaf  for  some  time,  but  drank  his  bottle  of  wine. 
He  had  2  sons  in  my  remembrance  :  ,  eldest,  mar- 
ried, but  left  no   child;  2.  Ralf,  as  I  think,  died  im- 

married,  both  before  their  father;  and  3  d".:  ,  mar. 

to  S'.  Tho.  Frankland,  of  Pinner,  Midds.,  bar*.,  relict  of 

Clithero,  of  Lond.;  2^ ,i  wife  of  S'.  Charles 

Blois,  of  Cockfield  hall,  in  Yoxford,  in  Suff.,  bart.,  by 

whom  a  son ;  3^ ,  mar^.  to Sitwell,  of  Lond., 

merch*.,  one  of  the  bridgemasters  for  the  City  of  Lond. 

1726. 

Branthwait,  Henry,  killed  in  a  duel  in  Hide  Park,  by  his 

kinsman,  Brograve,  who  had  made  severall  very 

severe  reflections  on  Branthwait,  which  he  could  not 
bear:*  buried  at 


1^  Barbara,  daughter  and  coheir  of  Sir  Bobert  de  Grey,  not  Sir  WilliaiD, 
was  wife  to  Ralf  Hawtrey,  Esq. 

^  Ann  Hawtrey  was  second  wife  to  Sir  C.  Blois. 

2  The  Branthwaits  and  Brograves  were  connected  by  more  than  one  tie ; 
but  I  take  the  consanguinity  between  these  parties  to  have  been  thus : 


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Long,  ,  of  Spixworth  in  Noi-fF.,  son  of Long,  of 

Sp ,   married   March   ,    1725-6,   to   Elizabeth, 

daur.   of   Clement   Currance,   esq'.,   of   in   Suff., 

formerly  burgess  for  Orford  in  Suff.^ 

Jennings,  S'.  Roger,  of ,  Cambridgeshire,  K^:  his  son 

and  h'., Jennings,  esq'.,*  married day  of  May, 

to  ,  only  d'.  of Soames,  of  Dereham  Grange 

in  Norff. :  10,000^  portion. 

M ANSEL,  M".*  daughter  of  S'.  Cloudsley  Shovell,  and  coheir, 

and  relict  of Mansel,  son  and  heir  of  Thomas  L*. 

Mansel,  mother  of  Lord  Mansel,  an  infant :  re- 
married 28*^  day  of  July,  to  John  Blackwood,  son  and 
heir  of  S'.  Rob'.  Blackwood,  said  to  be  a  Knight — q,  if 
any  such—West  Indian  merchant.  [A  Scotchman,  and 
no  Knight.] 

Layer,  Christofer,  (unkle  to  Xtofer  Layer^  beheaded,)  dyed 
at  Holkham  in  Norff.,  Wedsday,  13  of  August,  1726 : 
buried  there,  Thursday,  14'^. 

Walpole,  Galfridus,  2**  bro.  to  S'.  Rob*.,  K*.,  one  of  the 

Postmasters,  dyed  at  Grenwich,  August,  1726 : 

buried  at  Houghton  in  Norff.,  same  month:  without 
child  :  left  16,0001^  to  wife  for  life;  after,  to  S'.  Rob\ 

Herne,  Thomas,  of  Heverland,  esq'.,  eldest  son  and  heir  of 
Clement  Herne,  of  the  same  place,  both  Justices  of  the 


Henry  Branthwait  was  grandson  of  William  Branthwait,  of  Ilethel,  Esq., 
whose  granddaughter,  Julian,  the  wife  of  John  Bemey,  of  Westwick,  Esq., 
and  Henry's  first  cousin,  (vide  supra,  p.  375,  n.  6)  was  wife  of  Thomas 
Brograve,  of  Baddow  in  Essex,  Esq. 

'  Israel  Long,  of  DuMtxm^  Esq.,  (a  distinct  family  from  the  Longes  of 
Spixworth,)  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Clement  Corrance,  of  Parham, 
Suffolk. 

*    Soame  Jennings.    (See  note  1,  p.  111.) 

^  Anne,  second  daughter  of  Sir  Cloudesly,  married,  first,  Kobcrt,  eldest 
son  of  Lord  Mansel,  and  secondly,  John  Blackwood,  of  Charlton  in  Kent. 


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Peace,  dyed  Sunday  night,  30**»  of  Octob. :  buiied  there, 
Wedsday  night,  first  of  November;  his  eldest  son, 
Paston  Heme,  esq'.,  being  then  at  Paris :  8  others ;  no 
daughters.  • 

MoRDEN,  ,  of  Southfeild  in  Norff.,  esq.,"'  dyed day 

of  October,  1726:  buried  there day  of  November 

following:    his  son  and  heir,  Morden,  Capt.   in 

Cards,  Esq.  to  K^  of  Bath,  S'.  Rob.  Walpole. 

1727. 

Prideatjx,  M'.,  son  of  the  late  Dean  of  Norwich :  his  wife,® 

d'.  of  S' ,  K*.  and  Phisitian  of  Norwich,  dyed 

of  a  feavor  in  childbed,  Thursday,  2^  of  febr.,  1726. 

Freak,  Ralf,  of  Midle  Temple,  dyed  day  of  March, 

1726-7 :  brother  of  S'.  Percy  Freake,  bart.,  of  Bilney  in 
Norff. 


*  Thomas  Heme,  son  of  Clement,  by  Frances,  his  wife,  daughter  of 
Henry  Lord  Fairfax,  married  Lady  Charlotte  Fas  ton,  daughter  of  William, 
Earl  of  Yarmouth,  by  whom  he  had  issue  seven  sons ;  but  all  of  them  appear 
to  have  died  unmarried.  Paston  Heme,  the  eldest  son,  who  succeeded  his 
£ather,  died  in  1761,  leaving  illegitimate  daughters ;  on  one  of  whom,  Ann, 
he,  by  his  will,  entailed  the  estates.  She  had,  unknown  to  him,  married  in 
his  lifetime  Everard  Buckworth,  Esq.,  who  afterwards  took  the  name  of 
Heme,  but  in  1776  sold  the  property  to  Wm.  Fellowes,  Esq. 

^  This  Mr.  Morden,  who  was  son  of  John  Morden,  of  Oreat  Bradley  in 
Suffolk,  Esq.,  had  by  Louisa,  his  wife,  daughter  and  sole  heir  of  Harbotrd 
Harbord,  of  Gunton,  Esq.,  two  sons ;  the  eldest  of  whom,  taking  the  name 
of  Harbord,  became  afterwards  a  Baronet  and  K.  B. ;  and  from  his  marriage 
with  Elizabeth,  (not  Jane,  as  erroneously  stated  in  my  note,  supra  p.  126,) 
daughter  and  coheir  of  Robert  Britiffe,  is  descended  the  present  Baron 
Suffield.  The  other  son,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Morden,  Rector  of  Cantley  in 
Norfolk,  who  resided  at  Weston  in  Suffolk,  had  only  daughters,  through  one 
of  whom  he  is  now  represented  by  Lieut. -Col.  Morden  Carthew,  of  Wood- 
bridge  Abbey,  in  the  latter  county. 

"   Hannah,  daughter  of  Sir  B.  Wrench.    (See  supra,  p.  124.) 


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387 

Turner,  S'.  Charles,  of  Warham  in  Norff.,  baronet,  2  May 
— ^garete  teste  ^  27  of  Aprill,  1727 — with  remainder  to 
William  Turner,  of  Crostweyt  in  Norff. — No  gent.,^® — 
with  remainder  to  John  Turner,  of  Lynne,  and  their 
heirs  male. 

Le  Neve,  Peter,  Norroy  King  of  Arms,  married  at  Sparham 
church  on  Sunday  morning,  26  of  July,  1727,  by  M'. 
Hunt,  Rector,  by  licence — his  wife  and  Sam.  Knolles 
present — ^to  Frances,  daughter  of  Bobert  Beeston,  miller, 
of  Wychingham. 

WooDHOUSE,  Coll".,  of  East  Lexham,  Norff.,  esq.,^  dyed 
there, Hay  of  Sept.,  1727. 

Peyton,  Eliz.,  widdow  of Peyton,*  of  Grimston  in 

Norff.,   esq.,   dyed  at  Watlington  in   N day  of 

Sep^,  1727 :  buried  at  Swanington  with  her  family, 
being  daur  of  Will.  Bladwell,  esq.,  of  that  place.  She 
was  mother  of  S'.  Yelverton  Peyton,  now  bar*. 

BiRKiN,  Thomas,  Comptroller  of  the  Customs  of  Lynne  Regis 
and  of in  Norff.,  dyed day  of  November, 

Heriot,  M'.,  Goldsmith  in  Fleetstreat,  son  of Heriot, 

Goldsmith,  brother  of  D'.  Heriot,  L.  L.  D.,  lord  of  the 
manor  of  North  Wotton  in  Norff.,  dyed  14  of  Dec, 
1727. 


•   Date  of  writ. 

1^  Meaning  that  he  was  not  entitled  to  arms.  In  another  MS.  of  Le 
Neve's,  preserred  in  the  Harleian  Collection,  he  says,  speaking  of  Sir  John 
Turner,  the  uncle  of  Sir  Charles,  knighted  in  1684:  "the  arms  which  they 
use  are  that  of  the  fEunily  of  Turner  of  Halberton,  Devon,  to  which,  for  all 
that  I  find  yet,  they  have  no  right."  Sir  Charles  was  eldest  son  of  WiUiam 
Turner,  of  North  Elmham,  attorney  at  law :  William  and  John  were  second 
and  third  sons.  On  the  death  of  Sir  Charles,  leaving  no  issue  male,  the  latter 
brother  succeeded  to  the  title ;  William  also  having  died  without  issue. 

1    Edmimd  Wodehouse,  Esq.,  second  son  of  Sir  Philip.  (Blom.,  IT.,  657.) 

»    Supra,  p.  119  :  but  she  was  widow  of  Charles  Peyton,  not  John. 


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1728. 

Fleetwood,  diaries,  [called  CoUonel]  of  Newington  in 
Midds.,  dyed  27  day  of  February,  1727-8 :  buried  at 
Newington.  [The  estate  at  Ambringhall  descended  to 
his  4  sisters  and  heirs.]  ^ 

Garrard,  S'.  Nicolas,  Bart,  of  Langford,  Norff.,  and  of 
Eastham  in  Essex,  dyed  at  Eastham,  11***  day  of  March, 
1727-8 :  buried  at  Langford. 

"Wrench,  S'.  Benjamin,  of  Norwich,  M.D. :  his  wife  , 

dyed  at  Norwich, day  of  March,  1728. 

Freake,   S'.  Percy,  of   in   Ireland,'^  baronet,  and  of 

West  Bylney  in  Norff.,  dyed  at  his  seat  in  Ireland, 

day  of ,  1728. 

Ryley,  Philip,  senior,  of  Hockham  in  Norff.,  formerly  ser- 
geant at  arms  to  the  Lord  Treasurer.     Q.  if  he  or  his 

son,  kted.  at ,  1728. 

No  fee  would  pay  because  a  serj*.  at  arms. 

[Jult/]  M'.  Hardy,  a  steward  to  S'.  Robert  Walpole,  at  his 
house  in  Norfolk,  haveing  shewn  the  Duke  of  Kent  the 
curiosities  of  the  house,  going  afterwards  to  shew  his 
Grace  a  well  there,  the  board  on  w^^  he  stood  slipt  or 
broke  under  him,  so  that  he  fell  in  and  was  so  much 
bruised  that  he  died  y«  next  day. 

Norwich,  Octo.  19,  died,  Charles  Mackerel,  Esq'.,  Gen'rall 
Receiver  of  the  Land-tax  for  this  City. 

Wyndham,  Thomas,  of  Cromer  in  Norff.,  marr^.  29"*  of  No- 
vember, 1728,  to daughter  of Elwyn,  of 

'  These  ladies  were  Frances,  Elizabeth,  Caroline,  and  Jane  Fleetwood,  all 
of  whom  died  iinmarried — the  last  in  1764.  Two  other  sisters — Mary,  wife 
of  the  Bev.  Abraham  Coveney,  of  Oulton,  Norfolk,  and  Anne,  wife  of 
William  Gogney— had  both  pre-deceased  Ck)l.  Fleetwood,  without  issue. 
But  Le  Xeve  is  wrong  in  calling  the  sisters  his  heirs  ;  as  his  niece,  Elizabeth, 
only  child  of  his  brother,  Smith  Fleetwood,  of  Winston  and  Wood  Bailing, 
and  wife  of  Fountain  Elwin,  of  Thuming,  was  then  living,  although  her 
issue  ultimately  failed. 


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1729. 

Hall,  John,  Justice,  Alderman  for  Fybrigge  ward,  beyond 
y«  water.  Sheriff,  Norwich,  1693 ;  Mayor,  P*  time,  1701, 
2^  time,  a.  1715 ;  an  honor  which  none  else  hath  en- 
joyed in  Norwich  since  1644. 

Clarke,  Dr.  S.  Last  Saturday  night,  died  at  his  house  in 
Piccadilly,  y**  Rev.  D'.  Sam.  Clarke,  Rector  of  S*. 
James's,  Westminster,  a  Norwich  man. 

FouKTAiN,  [Briffff,]  of   Sail  in   Norff.,   esq'.,  dyed  at  the 

Popingay  in  Norwich, day  of  April,  1729:  left  his 

estate  to  his  sister,  widdow  of Repps,*  or  wife  :  gave 

S'.  Andr.  Fountain,  K^  2001^  legacy:  buried  day 

of  May,  at 

Leheup,  :  on  Tuesday  last,  was  married  at  Ealing  in 

Middlesex,  (by  y®  Reverend  D'.  Mangay,)  Michael 
Leheup,  of  y*  Inner  Temple,  Esq.,  to  Miss  Gery,  eldest 
daughter  of  y®  late  S'.  Thomas  Gery,  K*.,  one  of  the 
Masters  in  Chancery;  a  lady  of  £10,000.  fortune. 

*  Dorothy,  widow  of  John  Repps,  of  Mattishall,  Esq.,  by  her  will,  gave 
SaUe  to  her  granddaughter,  Virtue,  wife  of  Edward  Hase,  of  Great  Melton, 
Esq.,  whose  eldest  daughter  and  coheir.  Virtue  Hase,  brought  it  to  Richard 
Paul  Jodrell,  Esq. 


EaOATA  AND  ADDENDA. 

p.  28.  Lee  Warner,  of  Kensington,  Esq.,  was  eldest  son  of  Dr.  John 
(Lee)  Warner,  Archdeacon  of  Rochester.  His  wife  was  Catherine,  daughter 
of  Henry  Hampson,  Esq.  Col.  Henry  Lee,  of  the  Donjon,  near  Canterbury, 
from  whom  the  Norfolk  Lee- Warners  derive  descent,  was  the  younger  son  of 
the  Archdeacon. 

p.  34,  note  3,  last  line,  dele  Anne,  lege  Henrietta. 

p.  116,  note  8,  dele  "  he  was  father  of  thejirat  Lord  Suffield/' 

p.  117.  John  Sydley,  of  Morley,  Esq.,  son  of  William  Sydley,  or  Sedley, 
died  5th  November,  1711 :  buried  at  Morley  St.  Peter  the  7th  of  the  same 
month. 

p.  126,  note  3,  line  5,  dele  Jane,  lege  Elizabeth, 


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Index  of  Names  mentioned  in  the  foregoing  Extracts. 


Atkyns,  369 

Bacon,  83,  118,  370,  876 

Beaumont,  32 

BedeU,  121 

Bedingfeld,  28,  32,  34, 116,  372,  383 

Bemey,  24,  34,  375,  384 

Birkin,  887 

Blackborne,  374,  377 

Blackwell,  27,  379,  387 

BladweU,  382 

Bokenham,  120 

Branthwait,  121, 125,  375,  384 

Britiffe,  31,  126,  386 

Brogiave,  112,  375,  384 

Browne,  of  Norwich,  31,  114,  115 

Browne,  of  Elsing,  112,  373 

Browne,  of  Seaming,  120 

Bulwer,  384 

Burrows,  370 

Buxton,  375 

Calthorpe,  33,  119,  121,  123,  125, 

375,  378 
Catlyn,  30 
Clarke,  389 
Claxton,  124 
Cockett,  112 

Coke,  26,  33,  113,  123,  379 
Colepeper,  383 
Colston,  112 
Cooke,  114 
Cressenor,  375 

Dashwood,  111 
Davy,  30,  384 
De  Grey,  tet  Grey 
Drury,  30,  34,  373 

Bade,  372 


Earle,  121, 125,  378,  379 
Edwards,  24 
Elwyn,  376,  388 

Fetherstonliagh,  377 

Fincham,  115 

Fleetwood,  388 

Folkes,  34 

Fountaine,  28,  389 

Framingham,  378 

Frampton,  377 

Freake,  119,  120,  385,  386,  388 

Frere,  30 

Garrard,  388 
Gawdy,  114,  381 
Godfrey,  373 
Gray,  376 

Grey,  De,  33,  125,  384 
Guibon,  120,  381 
Gurdon,  370 

Hall,  377,  389 

Harbord,  33,  116,  386 

Hardy,  388 

Hare,  31,  33, 113,  114,  115,  121 

Hawtrey,  384 

Helwys,  124 

Heriot,  387 

Heme,  120,  375,  385,  386 

Heron,  120,  377 

Heveningham,  25,  26, 120,  377 

Hobart,  26,  30,  34,  126 

Holland,  29 

Houghton,  381 

Howes,  377 

Jennings,  385 
Jenny,  378 
Jemegan,  32,  380 


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891 


Keck,  373 
Keene,  382 
Kempe,  33 
Keppel,  29 
King,  33 
Knyvett,  118 

Layer.  379,  380,  386 
Leheup,  383,  389 
Leigh,  33,  122 
Le  Neve,  se9  Neve 
Lee,  9ee  Warner 
Leetrange,  30,  32,  378 
Leveridge,  126 
Long,  386 
Lubbock,  124 

Mackarell,  382,  388 
Mills.  369 
Morden,  126,  386 
Morris,  370 

Nail,  376,  383 

Neve,  Le,  26,  27,  29,  31,  112,  113, 
116, 117, 123,  369,  370,  371,  372, 
373,  374,  876,  377,  379,  380,  381 

Neve,  Peter  Le  (Norroy)  118,  120, 
387 

Newman,  371 

Norfolk,  Duke  of,  29,  32 

Norris,  123 

Palgrave,  376 
Fasten,  33,  371 
Pettus,  380 

Peyton,  28,  119,  126,  387 
Potts,  116,  123 
Pratt,  25 
Preston,  114 
Prideaux,  124,  386   . 

Rant,  126 
Kepps,  381,  389 


Reve,  114 

Richardson,  119,  124,  379 
Rogers,  122,  371 
Rookwood,  371,  378 
Ryley,  388 

Sacheverell,  374 

Seaman,  118,  122,  376,  378 

Sebright,  380 

Sedley,  117,  389 

Scambler,  376 

Shawe,  122,  378 

Sherlock,  124 

Shovell,  32,  113,  386 

Soame,  111,  386 

Spelman,  119 

St.  John,  380 

SUrkey,  117,  126 

Sydnor,  377 

Symonds,  374 

Thoresby,  379 

Tilney,  384 

Townsend,  28, 114,  116,  119 

Trafford,  26 

Turner,  27,  30, 117,  124,  387 

Vilett,  373 

WaUis,  30 

Walpole,  29,  118,   119,  126,  874, 

379,  382,  383,  386 
Ward,  383 

Warner,  Lee,  27,  389 
Weld,  117 
Wilton,  369 

Wodehouse,  29,  34,  370,  387 
Wrench,  374,  878,  388 
Wright,  119,  370,  372,  373 
Wych,  113,  119,  380 
Wyndham,  32,  114,  118,  121,  383, 


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392 


The  Extracts  from  Le  Neve's  Genealogical  Memoranda 
(the  last  entry  in  which  refers  to  an  event  of  the  30th  of 
August,  1729,  about  three  weeks  before  his  death)  having 
been  brought  to  a  close,  I  trust  it  may  not  be  impertinent  to 
this  communication,  if  I  conclude  it  with  a  Pedigree  of  the 
old  Norfolk  family,  to  which  this  herald — characterized  by 
Noble  as  an  honour  to  the  College  of  Arms — ^belonged ;  pre- 
facing it  with  a  few  words  conccmiug  himself. 

Peter  Le  Neve  was,  as  he  describes  himself  in  his  will, 
*^son  and  heir  of  Francis  Neve,  alias  Le  Neve,  citizen  and 
draper  of  London,  son  of  Permian  Neve,  alias  Le  Neve,  of 
Ringland  in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  gentleman," — a  collateral 
branch  of  the  same  family  which  had  already  given  a  King 
at  Arms  in  the  person  of  Sir  William  Le  Neve,  Clarenceux, 
in  imitation  of  whom  it  is  supposed  he  adopted  or  resumed 
the  prefix  Le.  He  was  born  January  21,  1661-2,  and  was 
appointed  Rouge  Dragon  Pursuivant,  January  17,  1688-9; 
and,  after  the  death  of  Devenish,  was  on  the  25th  of  May, 
1704,  created  Norroy  King  at  Arms.  He  was  elected  a 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  in  1712 ;  and  upon  the  revival 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  in  1717,  became  its  President, 
which  office  he  resigned  in  1724. 

Peter  Le  Neve  was  learned  in  heraldry  and  genealogy; 
*'  a  study,"  according  to  a  quotation  which  he  himself  enters 
in  his  journal,  "  that  only  loads  the  memory  without  im- 
proving the  understanding."  I  need  not  eay  that  he  was 
not  an  educated  man,  as  that  is  evidenced  by  the  wording  of 
the  foregoing  extracts,  which  are  transcribed  literatim ;  and 
the  grossness  of  the  language  he  has  used  in  more  than  one 
instance  has  compelled  me  to  omit  some  curious  matter  re- 
lating to  some  of  our  county  families.  That  his  character 
was  marked  with  a  considerable   degree   of   eccentricity,  is 


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shown  by  some  of  the  entries  in  the  Journal,  as  well  as  by 
his  will,  dated  May  5,  1729 ;  wherein  he  directs  that  his  pu- 
trid carcase  should  be  buried  in  the  chancel  of  Great  Wy- 
chingham  church,  and  that  it  should  be  carried  down  thither 
in  a  hearse,  attended  by  his  coach  and  one  other  coach.  He 
desires  that  no  rings  should  be  given  to  any  one ;  forbids  any 
room  to  be  hung  with  black,  "  or  any  undertaker  of  funerals, 
alias  cold  cooks*  to  be  employed ;  and  desires  to  have  no  up- 
holder's company,  nor  Smith  in  Cocky  lane  in  Norwich,  to  be 
suffered  to  intermeddle  in  the  direction  or  management  of  his 
funeral."  But  he  wished  to  have  some  escocheons  on  silk 
upon  the  pall,  of  the  arms  of  his  office,  without  the  crown, 
impaled  with  the  arms  of  his  family,  quartering  those  of 
Corey  and  Wright.  He  also  forbad  any  funeral  oration,  or 
any  other  monument  than  a  plain  marble  stone,  which  he 
ordered  should  be  set  up  in  the  church  wall  on  the  inside, 
opposite  his  grave,  signifying  that  his  body  lay  thereabouts. 
Even  this  modest  request  was,  I  believe,  never  complied 
with.  The  dispersion  of  his  MSS.,  collected  with  much 
care  and  industry,  is  more  to  be  deplored.  The  omission 
and  commission  may  both  in  some  measure  be  accounted  for 
by  the  pecuniary  embarrassments  of  Martin,  the  executor  of 
his  will,  and  the  speedy  consoler  of  his  widow.f 

The  singular  manner  in  which  the  family  estates  of  Le 
Neve  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Norris  family,  after  the  death 
of  Peter,  appeal's  worthy  of  notice. 

Oliver  Neve,  of  Great  Witchingham,  Esq.,  having  no 
child  or  near  relation,  by  deeds  dated  7th  and  8th  Feb.,  1674, 

*  In  Nichols'  Literary  Anecdotes,  -wherein  the  extract  from  the  will  is 
expressed  to  be  derived  from  Noble,  these  words  are  rendered  old  rooks. 

t  Mr.  Suckling,  in  his  History  of  Suffolk,  Vol.  I.,  p.  206,  has  given  a 
ctirious  account  of  the  manner  in  which  this  offer  was  made  and  accepted, 
copied  from  a  memorandum  recorded  in  a  volume  of  Martin's  own  Church 
Notes,  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Thomas  CuUum. 


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settled  his  estates,  which  were  of  considerable  yalue,  in 
Norfolk  and  London,  after  the  decease  of  himself  and  wife^ 
to  uses  for  the  benefit  of  Oliver  Le  Neye,  second  son  of 
Francis  Neye,  and  his  issue  in  tail  male ;  remainder  to  uses 
for  the  benefit  of  Peter  Le  Neve,  (afterwards  Norroy,)  the 
eldest  son  of  Francis,  and  his  issue  in  tail  male;  with  re- 
mainder to  Francis  Neve,  son  of  Henry  Neve,  and  his  issue 
male;  with  the  ultimate  remainder,  in  default  of  male  issue 
of  these  several  persons,  to  his  own  right  heirs.  This  settle- 
ment was  prepared  by  John  Norris,  Esq.,  a  barrister-at-law, 
who  was  afterwards  Recorder  of  Norwich,  and  the  first  of 
that  name  who  resided  at  Witton.  This  gentleman  was 
counsel  for  the  Neve  family,  and  had  the  full  confidence  of 
Oliver,  the  settlor,  of  whose  will,  prepared  and  signed  at 
the  same  time,  he  was  appointed  executor  and  trustee.  Mr. 
Neve  died  in  Jan.  1678,  and  Mr.  Norris  thereupon  acted 
imder  the  trusts  of  the  settlement  and  will;  and  whilst  so 
doing,  found  up  the  heir  at  law,  who  was  one  John  Neve,  a 
blacksmith,  in  London,  and  agreed  with  him  in  Aug.,  1679, 
for  the  purchase  of  the  reversion  in  fee,  after  all  the  interme- 
diate estates,  for  £80. ;  having,  at  the  time,  every  reason  to 
expect  the  events  which  ultimately  happened.  This  trans- 
action, it  appears,  was  concealed  from  the  family  ;  and  Peter 
did  not  find  up  the  heir  at  law  till  some  time  afterwards,  in 
1688,  when  he  himself  purchased  the  reversionary  interest 
of  the  blacksmith  for  £10.,  with  the  hope,  probably,  of  set- 
ting aside  Norris's  previous  purchase. 

Oliver  Le  Neve,  the  first  tenant  for  life  under  the  settle- 
ment, died  on  the  26th  Nov.  1711,  without  issue  male;  his 
only  son  having,  as  was  expected  from  his  delicate  state  of 
health,  pre-deceased  him,  under  age,  and  unmarried.  Peter 
followed  on  the  1st  Oct.,  or,  according  to  Noble,  24th  Sept., 
1729,  without  any  issue;  having  by  his  will  devised  the 
estates,  of  which  he  assumed  to  have  purchased  the  reversion, 
to  his  three  nieces  and  coheiresses,  the  daughters  of  his  bro- 


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ther  Oliver ;  and  Francis,  the  last  person  in  succession  named 
in  the  settlement,  having  also  died  without  male  issue,  the 
estates  were  thereupon  claimed  by  the  then  Mr.  Norris,  of 
Witton,  the  grandson  of  the  first  purchaser ;  upwards  of 
fifty  years  having  elapsed  since  the  speculation  was  entered 
into.  This  claim  was  attempted  to  be  resisted  by  the  coheirs 
of  the  Le  Neves,  on  the  ground  of  fraud  and  breach  of 
trust,  on  the  part  of  the  elder  Norris ;  but  after  a  long  liti- 
gation in  Chancery,  and  appeal  to  the  house  of  Lords,  the 
title  of  Mr.  Norris  was,  in  1744,  confirmed.*  Had  any  de- 
scendants of  the  blacksmith  been  then  in  existence,  or  in  a 
situation  to  have  preferred  their  rights,  how  far  the  trans- 
action might  have  been  impeached  by  them,  for  want  of 
adequate  consideration,  might  have  been  a  question ;  but 
they,  it  seems,  were  all  extinct ;  and  it  is  a  fact,  that  Mr. 
Norris,  for  £30.,  secured  to  his  descendants  an  estate  of  some 
thousands  per  annum. 


The  accompanying  Pedigree  is  taken  partly  from  one  pur- 
porting to  have  been  transcribed  in  1744  by  Rd.  Mawson, 
Portcullis,  from  the  London  Visitation  Booky  CXXIV.,  fo. 
146,  (Comhill  Ward),  authenticated  by  the  signature  of 
Robert  Le  Neve  about  1634;  partly  from  Norris's  MS. 
Pedigrees ;  and  partly  from  my  own  Church  Notes. 

It  is  a  connected  one  as  far  as  it  goes;  but  I  cannot  vouch 
for  its  accuracy  in  every  respect,  and  it  is  imperfect  in  some 
branches.  I  shall  be  very  thankfril  to  receive  corrections 
and  additions. 


•  Atkyns'B  Eeports,  Vol.  III. ;  Brown's  Cases  in  Chancery^  Vol.  IV. 


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Names  of  Persons  of  this  FamUy,  tohich  I  have  met 
with,  but  which  do  not  occur  either  in  the  Pedigree 
or  in  Peter  Le  Neve^s  Memoranda. 

1616.  John  Neve,  of  East  Dereham,  esq.,  and  Judith,  his 
wife,  sole   daughter  and  heir  of  John  Scarlett,  of 
East  Dereham,  deceased. 
Scarlett  Neve,  son  and  heir  apparent  of  the  said 
John  and  Judith. 
1649.  KoBERT  Neve,  Rector  of  Yaxham. 

Robert  Le  Neve,  Rector  of  Whinbergh,  and  buried 

there,  1676. 

1673.  Richard  Le  Neve,  Esq.,  a  sea  commander  in  Dutch 

Wars,  temp.  Car.  II.:  killed  11  Aug.  that  year,  aged 

27,    Monument  in  North  aisle,  Westminster  Abbey. 

1701.  William  Neve,  of  Yaxham,  and  Rose,  his  wife. 

Oliver    Neve,    of    East   Dereham,    grocer,   son   of 
.     Oliver  Neve,  late  of  Tuddenham. 
1727.  James  Le  Neve,  alias  Neve,  some  time  of  East  Dere- 
ham, and  afterwards  of  Hindringham,  gent. 
1739.  James  Le  Neve,  of  East  Dereham,  grocer,  brother 
and  heir  of  Oliver  Le  Neve,  grocer. 
John  Le  Neve,  author  of  the  Monumenta  AngKcana,  was 
only  child  of  John  Le  Neve,  of  Great  Russell  street.  Blooms- 
bury,  by  Mary,  his  wife,  second  daughter  of  John  Bent,  of 
Paternoster  row,  mercer.      He  was  bom   27th  December, 
1679,  and  died  about  1722;   having  had  by  Frances,  his 
wife,  second  daughter  of  Thomas  Boughton,  of  King's  Cliflfe, 
Northamptonshire,  Gent.,  eight  children ;  John,  Amy,  Eliz- 
abeth, Richard,  Peter,  Elizabeth,  Frances,  and  Catherine. 


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APPENDIX. 


BxtracU  from  (he  Proceedings  of  the  Committee, 

March  Srdy  1847.  Mr.  Harrod  communicated  a  letter 
firom  the  Rev.  C.  B.  Cooper,  of  Morley  St.  Botolph,  re- 
specting a  quantity  of  Roman  Coidb  found  in  his  parish ;  from 
which  letter  the  following  is  an  extract : — 

*'A  labourer  was  digging  an  under-drain,  and  a  number 
of  coins  fell  out  of  the  soil,  about  a  foot  below  the  present 
surface :  many  of  these  axe  now  in  my  possession.  They  are 
Brass  Roman  Coins,  most  of  Constantino,  some  of  Licinius, 
and  others  in  which  nothing  can  be  deciphered.  Indeed  they 
were  in  such  a  state  of  decomposition,  that  many  crumbled 
into  dust  in  the  act  of  removing.  Nothing  but  a  very  black 
earth  could  be  discovered  near  them,  as  if  wood  had  been 
decayed  there  ;  which  leads  to  the  supposition  that  they  were 
inclosed  in  a  wooden  and  not  an  earthen  vessel.  I  find  from 
an  old  labourer,  that  a  moimd  is  recollected  on  the  spot,  which 
extended  for  some  considerable  distance,  until  cut  through 
by  the  turnpike-road ;  and  that  it  was  laid  flat  at  the  time  of 
the  enclosure  of  the  parish  in  1816." 

A  letter  from  Mr.  J.  A.  Repton  to  Mr.  D.  Turner  was 
read,  explaining  a  Tracing  that  accompanied  it  from  a  portion 
of  some  ancient  Tapestry  in  his  possession,  covered  with 
figures  in  the  costume  of  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  This 
Tapestry  has  been  used  for  the  adornment  of  a  church  in 

VOL.   II.  2  E 


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S98 

Norwich  prior  to  the  Reformation.  Of  the  Tracing,  it  is 
hoped  that  a  reduced  copy  and  description  may  appear  in 
an  early  number  of  the  Society's  publications. 

April  8^A,  1847.  Mk.  Harbod  read  a  lette*  from  Mr.  C. 
R.  Manning,  of  Diss,  sending  the  impression  of  a  Seal  found 
near  that  town,  representing  St.  John,  with  a  palm-tree  on 
one  side  of  him,  and,  on  the  other,  the  lamb  and  banner  ele- 
vated upon  a  small  circular  prominence,  with  the  legend, 
'*  Ecce  Agnus  Dei."  Mr.  Manning  conjectures  the  Seal  to 
have  been  that  of  a  private  individual,  and  not  of  a  religious 
house,  and  its  date  to  be  not  later  than  the  fourteenth,  pos- 
sibly of  the  thirteenth,  century. 

Thb  Rev.  E.  Blencowe,  of  Lynn,  described  a  drawing 
of  the  Altar-cloth  at  Great  Bircham,*  and  exhibited  copies 
of  several  of  the  figures,  worked  on  velvet,  in  their  proper 
colours,  by  Miss  Blencowe. 

Mb.  Robebt  Blake  presented  a  Deed  of  Manumission 
of  three  bondsmen  in  the  manor  of  Fulham,  by  the  Bishop 
of  Ely,  the  Prior  and  convent  of  Ely  ratifying  and  confirming 
the  same ;  the  date,  1491 :  also  a  deed  of  the  4th  year  of 
Elizabeth,  with  the  Great  Seal  attached,  in  good  preservation. 

The  Rev.  W.  H.  Gbigson  presented  to  the  Society  a 
collection  of  bronze  Antiquities  from  Saham.  These  he  had 
received  from  a  labourer,  by  whom  they  were  found  in  the 
parish  some  years  since ;  but,  unfortunately,  Mr.  Grigson  had 
forgotten  the  spot  and  circumstances,  and  the  man  was  since 
dead,  so  that  nothing  beyond  the  bare  fact  of  their  having 
been  discovered  there,  can  now  be  ascertained. 

So  interesting  are  they,  that  the  Committee  could  not  but 
think  it  right  that  they  should  be  particularly  recorded  in  the 
annexed  engraving.  At  the  same  time  it  must  be  mentioned, 
that  similar  ones  have  been  found  in  at  least  three  other  loca- 
lities in  Britain;  and  that  more  occur  in  Roman  places  of 
•  See  Vol.  I.,  p.  866. 


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399 

sepulture  in  Rhenish  Germany,  as  stated  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  Arch€Bological  Institute.*    The  universal  belief  is,  that 
they  are  a  portion  of  horse-trappings;  and  it  is  generally 
supposed  that  they  are  of  Roman  workmanship.     The  latter 
opinion  appears  to  be  placed  almost  beyond  a  doubt,  by  what 
has  just  been  mentioned ;  and  it  is  unhesitatingly  affirmed  by 
Mr.  Harford,  in  his  very  interesting  Paper  on  the  Antiquities 
found  at  Polden  Hill,  near  Bridgewater,  printed  in  the  ArchcB-* 
oloffia,  XIV.,  p.  90.      The  second  and  third  of  the  plates 
that  accooptipany  this  Paper,  give  representations  of  objects 
nearly  the  same  as  ours;   and  the  author  concludes  by  ob- 
serving, "  the  metal  is  of  the  same  composition  as  that  in  the 
Roman  instruments,  and  very  different  from  that  of  which 
celts,  swords,  and   other   British  antiquities   are  composed. 
Still  farther,  as  most  of  the  moulds  above-mentioned  are  of 
the  Lower  Empire,  it  seems  not  unreasonable  to  conjecture 
that  these  ornaments  belonged  to  some  British  chief  in  the 
Roman  service."    Again,  in  the  sixteenth  volume  of  the  same 
work,  p.  348,  t.  60,  we  have  a  couple  of  relics,  described  and 
figured  by  Mr.  Ebenezer  King,  so  like  those  from  Saham 
as  to  have  been  obviously  intended  for  the  same  purpose; 
and,  like  them,  exceedingly  valuable  as  specimens  of  early 
enamel.     These  latter  were  discovered  in  a  field  at  Hagboum 
Hill,  Berkshire  ^  and,  with  them,  coins  of  the  Lower  Empire, 
both  silver  and  gold ;  but  likewise  a  British  metal  celt.     So, 
too,  at  Saham,  much  Roman  pottery  has  been  dug  up  and 
communicated  to  our  Society ;  and  so  at  Annandale,  it  was 
near  the  Roman  camp  at  Middleby,  that  ^^  other  antiquities 
of  the  same  peculiar  fashion  and  workmanship  were  found 
in  1783,  including  the  furniture  of  three  bridles."  f      This 
last  discovery  goes  far  to  establish  both  their  destination  and 
origin,  the  former  of  which  is  yet  more  corroborated  by 
"  large  iron  hoops,   conjectured  to  have  been  the  tires  of 

•  York  Volmne,  **  Catalogue  of  Antiquities,"  p.  11. 
t  TransMtione  of  Arehttologicdl  InsHttUe^  1.  c. 

2e2 


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400 

carriage  wheels,"  having  been  buried  in  a  spot  adjacent  the 
extensive  entrenchments  at  Stanwick,  Yorkshire,  where  was 
detected  a  copious  deposit  of  ancient  relics  of  the  highest 
interest,  a  large  collection  of  which,  including  several  like 
those  here  figured,  was  submitted  to  the  Institute  at  their 
York  Meeting ;  and  many  of  them  were  described,  with  ac- 
companying figures,  in  the  volume  published  on  that  occasion. 
But  at  Stanwick  neither  Eoma^  coins  nor  pottei*y  have  been 
seen  within  the  earth-works. 

The  ornament,  of  which  figures  1  and  2  represent  the 
front  and  back,  retains  traces  of  a  bright  blue  enamel  upon 
it,  and  appears  to  have  been  further  adorned  with  an  elabo- 
rate pattern,  at  this  time  nearly  obliterated. 

The  pendant  ornament,  3,  is  much  injured,  and  no  enamel 
remains :  it  is  more  rude  in  its  form  and  pattern  than  any  of 
the  other  articles. 

Some  traces  of  enamel  are  left  on  the  shield-like  ornaments 
of  the  small  rings,  4  and  6,  the  front  of  one  of  which  is 
shown  in  the  centre  of  the  plate :  the  oval  figure  upon  it  is 
of  a  green  colour,  the  rest  red;  the  projecting  portion  at  the 
top  and  bottom  bearing  traces  of  having  been  gilt. 

Figure  6  particularly  resembles  one  of  the  rings  from  the 
Polden  Hills,  engraved  in  the  Archaeologia,  Vol.  XIV. ;  ex- 
cept that  the  groove  of  the  bottom  bar  is  here  outside,  and  not 
inside,  as  in  the  Polden  Hill  specimen  :  on  this  and  on  figure 
8  the  cells  only  for  the  enamel  remain. 

The  ring,  7,  although  broken  across  the  bar  and  other- 
wise injured,  is  less  corroded,  and  retains  most  of  the  enamel 
upon  it.  The  pattern  is  somewhat  diflferent,  as  will  be  seen 
on  reference  to  the  plate:  the  outer  edge,  which  is  flat  all 
round  in  the  rings,  6  and  8,  is  flat  only  between  the  three 
circular  ornaments;  the  thicker  portions  of  the  ring  being 
round. 

Figure  8  appears  to  have  had  a  buckle  on  the  outer  part 
of  the  flat  bar. 


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0(JWEIJ^^  AKASTAH.'   ^'}\'^>-.    PSWICH: 


n-tyA^i^xJijU  r/t^c^n^t^^U cjU^l^^^AarfVK/cnztY'^^ 


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•»•••- 


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401 

Mr.  Dawson  Turner  read  two  letters,  dated  1671,  ad- 
dressed to  Sir  Edward  Byshe,  illustrative  of  the  proceedings 
at  the  Heralds*  Visitations,  as  also  of  the  form  of  Summons, 
&c. ;  and  showing  the  very  extensive  powers  then  entrusted 
to  these  officers.  One  of  them  is  from  a  person  of  the  name 
of  HoUey,  who  five  years  before  had  entered  a  "Skutchin"  at 
Lynn,  induced  by  certain  of  Sir  Edward's  servants,  to  whom 
he  had  paid  278.  on  the  occasion.  But  it  had  afterwards 
turned  out,  that  the  arms  so  entered  were  those  of  **  HoU ;  '* 
and  Sir  Edward  threatened  that  he  should  be  posted  at 
Lynn,  and  also  summoned  before  the  Lords  Commissioners 
at  London.  In  reply,  Mr.  Holley  declares  that  what  he  did 
was  by  the  persuasion  of  a  Mr.  No  well,  who  had  furnished 
him  with  the  *'Skutchin,"  and  of  Sir  Edward's  retainers; 
himself  "  intending  prejudice  to  noe  man."  The  letter  con- 
cludes with  saying,  "I  hope  y*,  being  thus  drawne  into  a 
snare  by  yo'  servants  against  my  express  directions,  you  will 
thinke  my  lose  of  27".  to  be  a  sufficient  punishment  for  my 
folly,  and  not  p'secute  noe  more.  I  am  very  willing  to 
acknowledge  and  crave  pardon  for  my  faulte,  if  itt  be  soe ; 
it  being  altogether  impossible  for  me,  if  I  had  right,  to  make 
it  out  as  is  desired;  and  therefore  must  cast  myselfe  to  yo' 
mercy,  not  qu'stioning  but,  upon  the  grounde  afores^,  I  shall 
find  you  more  kind  and  fayre  then  yo'  selfe  have  declared ; 
upon  which  hopes  I  subscribe  myselfe,"  &c.  * 

Mr.  Stevenson  exhibited  four  pieces  of  Vellum,  por- 
tions of  an  ancient  MS.,  which  had  been  pasted  on  boards. 
They  appeared  to  be  part  of  a  work  of  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury, descriptive  of  the  Military  Arrangements  of  the  Ro- 
mans. Mr.  Harrod  stated  that  he  had  lately  seen  some 
other  portions  of  apparently  the  same  MS.  in  the  possession 
of  Mr.  Lee  Warner,  of  Walsingham,  and  that  they  were 


*  Blomefield  states  that  the  Holls  and  HoUeys  were  the  same  family. 
Vol.  III.,  folio;  2nd  edition,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  607. 


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40S 

thought  to  be  fragments  of  a  book  originally  belonging  to 
the  Abbey  there. 

Mr.  Lee  Warner  has  since  forwarded  the  latter  to  the 
Committee^  and  with  them  another  portion  which  he  had 
borrowed  from  a  cottager  in  the  neighbourhood.  He  at  the 
same  time  stated  that^  from  subsequent  inquiry^  his  impression 
was,  that  they  were  taken  about  100  years  ago  from  HoUgh- 
ton  Hall;  and  he  supposes  them  to  be  illustrations  of  the 
Notitia  Imperii,  They  all,  like  Mr.  Stevenson's,  had  been 
mounted  on  boards. 

Mr.  Carthew  exhibited  a  small  vellum  manuscript  Book 
of  "  Hours,"  with  illuminated  capitals,  found  imbedded  in 
the  brick-work  of  the  chimney  of  the  parsonage  at  Bes- 
thorpe.  It  is  bound  in  wood,  covered  with  leather,  and 
apparently  of  the  time  of  Henry  VI. 

September  2nd,  1847.  Mr.  D.  Turner  read  an  autograph 
letter  from  Charles  I.,  of  the  2l6t  January,  1642,  to  Sir 
John  Spelman,  Knight,  (the  son  of  Sir  Henry)  directing 
him  not  to  quit  Norfolk  or  suffer  himself  to  be  carried 
thence;  his  personal  services  and  residence  there  being 
especially  needed. 

Mr.  D.  Turner  also  exhibited  a  MS.,  the  property  of  Mr. 
Pratt,  of  Ryston,  containing  the  Certificate  and  Verdict  of 
certain  Commissioners,  appointed  in  the  4th  year  of  Philip 
and  Mary  to  make  return  of  the  quantity  of  com  and  grain 
in  the  Clackclose  hundred,  with  other  particulars  relating  to 
the  consumption  and  supply  of  food  in  that  district:  upon 
this  it  is  confidently  hoped  that  a  Paper  will  be  furnished  by 
Mr.  Copeman,  of  Loddon,  for  the  next  volume  of  the  Trans- 
actions of  the  Society. 

Mr.  Gunn  explained  the  particulars  of  a  recent  discovery 
in  Saint  Nicholas*  church.  Great  Yarmouth,  and  exhibited 
several  drawings  in  illustration.  It  appeared  that,  during 
the  repairs  of  the  tower,  portions  of  a  Norman  arcade  and 


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other  traces  of  what  Mr.  Gmin  belieyed  to  be  Herbert 
de  Losinga's  church  were  disclosed;  so  that  there  can  be 
little  doubt^  that,  at  the  time  of  the  rebuilding  of  the 
church  during  the  Early  English  period,  and  also  in  its 
subsequent  alterations,  the  tower  was  saved,  and  that  and 
the  foundations  and  probably  other  portions  were  made 
available  in  the  new  arrangement. 

The  Rev.  W.  H.  Grigson  presented  to  the  Society  a 
Romano-British  Urn,  elegant  in  form  and  singularly  embel- 
lished, found  at  Saham.  At  the  distance  of  about  an  inch 
from  each  other  are  perpendicular  stripes,  formed  of  five 
lines  of  round  bits  of  clay,  each  somewhat  smaller  than  a 
pea,  stuck  on  whilst  the  material  was  wet. 

Mr.  D.  Turner  exhibited  a  MS.,  the  property  of  Sir 
Thomas  Hare,  Bart.,  containing  a  list  of  the  Livings  at- 
tached to  the  Diocese  of  Norwich,  arranged  alphabetically 
under  their  respective  Archdeaconries  and  Deanries,  with  the 
value  of  each,  and  the  amount  of  its  first-fruits,  tenths,  &c. ; 
as  also  with  the  names  of  the  Patrons  and  Incumbents  in  the 
reigns  of  Elizabeth  and  James  I.,  at  which  time  the  water- 
mark of  the  paper  shows  it  to  have  been  written.  Gamaliel 
Townson,  Notary  Public,  who  wrote  the  whole,  has  signed  it 
at  the  end,  and  has  added  notes  here  and  there.  It  is  in  a 
state  to  be  printed. 

Mr.  Hudson  Gurnet  exhibited  a  MS.  History  of  Nor- 
wich, in  two  volumes  quarto,  by  Benjamin  Mackerell,  author 
of  the  History  of  Lynn ;  and  Mr.  Turner,  an  octavo  MS. 
volume  by  the  same  author,  entitled  ''A  brief  historical 
Account  of  the  Church  of  Saint  Peter  of  Mancroft,  in  the 
City  of  Norwich,  of  its  Antiquity  and  Name,  with  Draughts 
of  all  the  Monuments,  with  every  Inscription  on  them  and 
on  each  Grravestone  and  brass  Plate  in  the  whole  Church ; 
with  all  the  Effigies  and  Coats  of  Arms,  and  whatever  else 
is  worthy  of  observation  therein." — ^A  volume  similar  to  the 


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404 

last-mentioned  appears  to  be  in  the  British  Museum^  where 
are  likewise  two  duodecimo  volumes  relating  to  Norfolk  and 
Norwich  Churches  by  the  same  laborious  author.  (See  Nor- 
folk Topographer^s  Manualy  p.  250,  note.) 

Mb.  D.  Turner  also  read  a  letter  from  the  Rev.  James 
Elwin  Millard,  of  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  enclosing  a 
fragment  of  a  Pedigree  of  the  Fastolf  family,  copied  from 
manuscripts  (temp.  EUz.)  in  the  possession  of  the  President 
of  the  College. 

Sir  J.  P.  BoiLEAU  presented  to  the  Society,  on  the  part  of 
the  Vicar  and  Churchwardens  of  Wymondham,  a  small  leaden 
coffin,  dug  up  in  the  ruins  of  the  abbey  there ;  the  same  as 
is  described  by  the  late  Mr.  Woodward  in  his  Account  of 
some  Discoveries  made  in  excavating  the  Foundations  of 
Wymondham  Abbey y  and  printed  in  the  Archaeologia,  Vol. 
XXVI.,  pp.  287—299.  The  opinion  of  tbe  author  was, 
that  the  female  skeleton,  found  in  the  similar  coffin  of 
larger  size  which  lay  adjoining  this,  was,  most  probably, 
''judging  from  the  state  of  the  interment,  the  spot,  and 
its  evident  antiquity,"  some  relative  of  the  founder,  Wil- 
liam de  Albini,  who  died  in  the  year,  1156;  and  that  her 
infant  offspring  was  entombed  beside  her. 

Mr.  D.  Turner  exhibited  drawings  by  Mrs.  Gunn  of  the 
curious  Mural  Paintings  lately  discovered  at  Crostwight,  re- 
presenting a  Tree  of  the  Deadly  Sins,  St.  Christopher,  St, 
Michael,  and  other  subjects ;  a  description  with  engravings 
of  three  of  which  will  be  found  in  this  volume. 

February  5th,  1848.  A  letter  was  received  from  Mr. 
Barton,  of  Threxton,  stating  that  the  operations  in  hand  for 
the  removal  of  the  Eoman  Camp  at  that  place  had  been  dis- 
continued, and  inviting  the  members  of  the  Committee  to 
meet  him  there  for  the  inspection  of  several  barrows,  &c., 
in  the  neighbourhood. 


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405 

The  Rev.  Wm.  Scudamore  exhibited  drawings  of  Mural 
Paintings,  lately  discovered  on  the  North  wall  of  Ditch- 
ingham  Church,  representing  the  legend  of  "  les  trois  vifs  et 
les  trois  morts,"*  and  the  Besnrrection ;  the  latter  very  rude 
and  much  defaced.  The  custom  of  placing  these  two  sub- 
jects, so  naturally  connected,  adjoining  each  other  and  imme- 
diately preceding  the  Burial  Service,  is  mentioned  by  Douce, 
as  observable  in  numerous  manuscript  copies  of  HortB,  Other 
paintings  of  the  same  legend  have  been  discovered  in  the 
churches  of  the  Eastern  Counties.  One,  much  more  spirited 
in  design  and  execution,  was  lately  brought  to  light  over 
the  North  door  of  that  at  Belton,  Suffolk;  and  we  read 
in  the  Paper  in  the  ArchtBologia,  just  quoted,  (p.  290, 
note,)  of  a  third,  on  the  South  side  of  Wymondham  Chiurch, 
in  one  of  the  closed  arches  of  the  triforium,  near  the  West 
end :  of  the  last,  there  has,  unfortunately,  been  no  drawing 
preserved. 

The  Rev.  Henry  Mackenzie  presented  some  small 
models  of  ancient  stone  coffins,  lately  discovered  in  Saint 
Nicholas'  Chiurch,  Great  Yarmouth. 

May  Wthy  1848.  Mr.  Carthew  brought  under  the  notice 
of  the  Committee  some  extracts  from  a  Roll  of  the  Customs 
of  the  Manor  of  Mileham,  particularly  respecting  the  duties 
of  the  "  Messor,"  or  Lord's  Bailiff,  and  promised  a  further 
commtmication  on  the  subject. 

The  Rev.  R.  Hart  informed  the  Committee,  that  a  Scot- 
tish gold  coin,  dated  1590,  had  been  found  on  the  beach  at 
Caister,  a  few  days  since.  Five  or  six  others,  of  a  date  nine 
years  later,  and  as  perfect  as  if  they  had  then  come  from  the 
mint,  were  washed  up  in  the  same  place  about  three  years 
ago,  and  exhibited  by  Mr.  D.  Turner. 


*   This  has  since  been  engraved  and  described  in  the  Journal  of  the 
Institute. 


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406 

Auffuat  10th,  1848.  Mr.  D.  Turner  read  a  letter  from 
Mr.  Fitt,  Local  Secretary  at  Fakenham^  forwarding  drawings 
of  a  Barn  attached  to  the  Hall  at  East  Barsham ;  in  the  walls 
of  which  are  inserted  many  large  fragments  of  carved  stone^ 
one  among  them  charged  with  the  Arms  of  England.  The 
Rev.  F.  Cubitt  observed  that  he  believed  them  to  have  been 
brought  from  an  old  Hall  at  Houghton-in-the-Dale^  which 
had  been  pulled  down;  and  he  promised  to  make  further 
inquiry  on  the  subject. 

Mr.  D.  Turner  read  several  Notices,  extracted  by  Mr. 
Daniel  Gumey  from  the  Chamberlain's  Accounts  and  other 
Docimients  belonging  to  the  Corporation  of  Lynn,  of  high 
interest  as  connected  with  the  imprisonment  of  Queen  Isa- 
bella at  Castle  Rising.  Among  them  were  some  ancient 
Wills,  dated  as  early  as  1307,  which  had  been  proved  before 
the  Mayor  of  Lynn. 

September  ZUt,  1848.  Mr.  F.  Worship  read  an  elaborate 
Paper  on  the  Bosses  of  the  roof  of  St.  Nicholas'  Church, 
Great  Yarmouth,  in  which  he,  among  other  things,  combated 
Mr.  King's  conclusion,  that  the  Double-headed  Eagle  on  one 
of  the  shields  was  intended  to  represent  the  Arms  of  the 
Emperor ;  and  contended  that  it  was  a  type  of  the  Papacy, 
and  denoted  the  supremacy  of  the  see  of  Rome. 

October  I2tk,  1848.  The  Rev.  Richard  Haut  commu- 
nicated a  Paper,  also  on  the  subject  of  the  Double-headed 
Eagle,  supporting,  with  much  historical  evidence,  the  opinion 
that  it  was  meant  for  the  Arms  of  the  Emperor. 

Mr.  D.  Turner  read  a  letter  from  Mr.  Brightwell,  stating 
that,  on  consulting  the  old  legal  authorities,  he  had  come  to 
the  conclusion,  which  the  Lynn  Wills,  he  thought,  confirmed, 
that  the  Civil  Courts  had  jurisdiction  of  Wills  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  fourteenth  century.  On  the  other  hand, 
Mr.  Harrod  inferred,  from  the  internal  evidence   afforded 


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407 

by  the  Probate-Acts  accompanying  such  Wills^  and  from 
the  ancient  laws  aad  customs  of  the  cities  and  boroughs 
in  England,  that  the  mayors  of  Lynn  had  jurisdiction  in 
the  instances  quoted  by  Mr.  Giurney,  only  in  consequence 
of  tenements,  or  rents  arising  from  tenements,  within  the 
borough,  being  disposed  of  in  them;  and  that  no  Wills, 
disposing  solely  of  goods  and  chattels,  could  have  been 
proved  before  the  mayor  alone  ;  but  that  these  Wills  had 
undoubtedly  been  proved  before  the  Ordinary,  previously  to 
the  proof  before  the  civil  magistrate. 

November  Srd,  1848.  Mr.  Fitch  exhibited  a  personal 
Seal,  of  brass,  found  at  Long  Stratton,  with  the  legend, 
"  Crede  Ferenti." 

December  7th,  1848.  Mr.  Fitch  exhibited  a  very  elegant 
gold  ring,  found  in  a  cutting  of  the  Eastern  Union  Railway, 
at  Markshall,  near  Norwich :  the  legend,  chased  round  the 
exterior  of  the  ring,  is  "  A  vous  mon  tri."  * 


The  Committee  much  regret  that  the  limited  space  set 
apart  for  this  abstract  of  their  proceedings  on  behalf  of  the 
Society,  forbids  their  including  the  details  of  the  Quarterly 
General  Meetings, — a  bare  list  of  all  the  objects  exhibited 
at  which,  would  alone  occupy  many  pages.  Of  such  objects, 
printed  catalogues  have  been  circulated  among  the  members 

*  So,  at  least,  it  appears ;  but  as  no  authority  has  been  found  for  the  word 
trif  it  has  been  suggested  -whether  it  was  not  originaUy  ami,  now  changed  by 
time  or  design  ;  or,  may  iri  be  derived  from  the  substantiye,  triage,  a  choice, 
and  so  the  inscription  read,  **To  you,  my  chosen  one  ? " 


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408 

present;  and  full  reports  of  what  passed  hare  appeared  in 
the  local  newspapers.  The  Committee  therefore  hope  the 
members  will  consider  that  they  are  not  wanting  in  their 
estimate  of  the  value  of  such  assistance^  when  they  confine 
their  acknowledgments  to  simply  thanking  those  gentlemen 
who  have  seconded  their  efforts  with  so  much  kindness  and 
zeal. 


Page  81.  It  is  erroneously  stated,  as  weU  in  the  heading  of  this  Paper 
as  in  the  course  of  it,  that  the  Facsimile  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Letter  is 
accompanied  by  a  Transcript  and  Note,  neither  of  which  is  inserted ;  the 
former  having  been  left  out  intentionally,  as  not  required ;  the  latter  omitted 
by  an  oversight.  The  note  is—*'  *  A  letter  of  Queen  Elizabeth  to  my  Orand- 
mother,  Paget,  upon  the  death  of  my  Grandmother,  Cromnton  Lyttleton.' — 
N.B.  This  was  given  to  Anthony  Champion,  Esq.,  by  William  Henry 
Lyttleton,  created  Baron  Lyttleton,  1794 ;  and  was  found  among  Mr.  Cham- 
pion's papers  at  the  Middle  Temple,  at  his  decease,  1800. 

<<ROBBBT  PaBTBIDOB." 

"Norwich,  Nov.  6,  1812." 

Page  294,  line  8,  for  tick,  read  m«A. 


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INDEX  TO  VOL.  n. 


Aecountf,  Chamberlain*!,  of  Lyxm  BegU,  Ex- 
tracts from.  183 

Adages,  Superstitioas,  and  Proverte,  still  pre- 
serted  at  Irstead,  891 

Ancient  MS.,  fragments  of  the  JioHHa  /iNpcnt, 
401 

Stone  Coffin- lid  and  Column,  Durham 

Cathedral.  87 

Antiquities  found  at  Saham  Toney,  996 

Arms  on  Boof  of  the  South  Aisle  of  St.  Ni- 
cholas'  Church,  Great  Yarmouth,  149 

Autograph  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  81 

-^- of  OliTer  Cromwell,  49 

of  Bobert  Buirough,  81 

of  Francis  Blomefield,  804 

of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  309 

of  Sir  Miles  Hobart  and  Anthonj  Ho- 

bart,  and  Particulars  respecting  them,  61 

Aylsham,  Figure  and  Description  of  Font  at,  83 


Baldook  Sir  Bobt.,  Becorder  of  Yarmouth,  his 
Speech  on  the  Occasion  of  the  Visit  of  King 
Charles  II.  to  Yarmouth  in  1671,  75 

Barsham,  East,  Bam  at,  containing  many  frag- 
ments of  carved  Stone,  408 

Besthorpe  Parsonage,  MS.  found  there,  401 

Blomefield  Bev.  F  ,  the  Norfolk  Topographer, 
Cursory  Notices  of,  801 

Inscription  over  his  Grave,  888 

his  Birthplace,  Notice  of,  804 

Boutell  Bev.  C,  his  Description  of  Brass  of 
Bev.  Henry  Martyn,  in  Upwell  Church.  HO 

and  Bev.  O.  H.  Dashwood^  their  Notes 

on  Parish  and  Church  of  Wimbotsham,  187 

Brass.  Sepulchral,  of  Bev<  Henry  Martyn,  Up- 
well  Church.  110 

Bulwer  Bev.  James,  his  Bemarks  on  a  Figure 
represented  on  the  Bood-loft  Screens  at 
Gateley  and  Cawston  Churches,  880 

Byshe  Sir  Edward,  Letters  addressed  to,  illus- 
trative of  Proceedings  at  the  Heralds'  Visi- 
Utions,  401 


Caister.  Will  of  Sir  John  Fastolf,  touching  the 
Establishment  of  his  College  at,  885 

^^-~—  Beach,  Scottish  Gold  Coins  found  on, 
405 

Camp,  Boman,  at  Threxton,  its  Bemoval  pre- 
vented, 404 

Carthew  G.  A.,  his  Extracts  from  the  Diary  of 
Peter  Le  Neve,  83,  111,  369 

Cathedral,  Norwich,  Boundary  of  Prednts  of,  8 

— Misereres  in,  834 

Cawston,  Duel  at,  between  Oliver  Neve  and  Sir 
Miles  Hobart,  70 

Church,  Bemarks  on  a  Figure  on 

Bood-loft  Screen,  880 

Certificate  as  to  Com  and  Grain  in  Clackdoee 
Hundred,  temp.  Philip  and  Mary,  408 

Chamberlain's  Accounts  of  Lynn  Begis,  Ex- 
tracts from,  183 

Chapel  of  St.  William  in  the  Wood,  Site  of.  9 

Charles  I.,  Letter  from,  to  Sir  John  Spelman, 
Knight,  408 

Charles  II.,  his  Visit  to  Yarmouth,  1671,  some 
Incidents  at,  75 

Church  and  Parish  of  Wimbotsham,  Notes  on, 
187 

Clackclose  Hundred,  Com  and  Grain  in,  temp, 
Philip  and  Mary,  408 

City  and  Hamlets  of  Norwich,  Boundary  of, 
temp.  Philip  and  Mary,  1 

temp.  Edward  VI.,  5 

Coffin,  Leaden,  found  at  Wymondham,  404 

Stone,  at  Gt.  Yarmouth  Church,  405 

Coins,  Boman,  found  at  Morley  St.  Botolph.  397 

Scottish,  found  at  Caister  and  Yar- 
mouth, 405 

College  at  Caister,  Will  of  Sir  John  Fastolf, 
touching  Establishment  of,  885 

Committee,  Proceedings  of,  397 

Common,  at  Norwich,  View  of  the  Bounds  in 
variance  between  the  City  and  Convent,  7 

Copeman  James,  Autographs  of  Sir  MUes  Ho- 
bart and  Anthony  Hobart,  and  Particulart 
respecting  them,  61 


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410 


INDEX. 


Cora  and  Grain.  Certilieate  of«  in  daekekMe 

Hiuidjr«d.  tamp.  Phil,  and  Maiy.  4<tt 
Corooers'  Bolls,  Norwich,  Extracts  from,  253 
Correspondence  of  Blomefield,  the  Norfolk  To- 
pographer, ExtraeU  from,  901 
Corel  John,  D.D.,  Thirteen  Letters  addressed 

to  him  from  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  309 
Cromwell  Oliver,  Four  Letters  from  him,  43 

Letter  addressed  to  him  by  Sir  P.  Sta^ 

pleton,  43 
Crostwight  Church,  Mural  Paintings  at,  de- 
scribed, 358 

ditto.  Drawings  of,  exhibited,  404 

Crowmer  Monument,  Yarmouth  Church,  35 
Customs  of  the  Manor  of  MUeham,  400 


Dashwood  Ber.  G.  H^  Extracts  from  Wills  in 
Muniment-Boom  at  Stowe  Bardolph,  97 

— — ^  and  BeT.  C.  Boutell,  their  Notes  on 
the  Parish  and  Church  of  Wimbotsham,  187 

— —  Extracts  from  Chamberlain's  Accounts 


of  Lynn  Begis,  183 
Davey  Joseph,  Speech  of  Sir  Bobert  Baldock, 

Beeoirder  of  Yarmouth,  to  King  Chas  II ,  75 
Deeds,  Copies  and  Translations  of  two,  in  the 

possession  of  the  Corporation  of  Lynn,  193 
— —  of  Manumission  of  Bondsmen,  1491. 

398 
Diary  of  Peter  Le  Neve,  Extracts  from,  23, 

111.369 
Diocese  of  Norwich,  MS.  Book  of  Livings,  ftc. 

in,  403 
Diss,  Account  of  Guildhall  at,  and  eursory  Be- 

marks  on  the  Town,  11 ;  Farthing,  19;  Arms 

of  the  Town,  19 ;  Heywood  Hall,  90 ;  Cock 

Street  Bridge,  20 
Ditchingham  Church,  Mural  Painting  in,  405 
Door,  Ancient,  St.  Clement's,  Norwich,  73 
Double-headed  Eagle,  question  as  to  its  eigui- 

flcation,  151,406 
Drayton  Lodge,  Buins  of,  363 
Durham,  Coffin-lid  and  Column  at,  87 


Elizabeth,  Queen.  Letter  to  Lady  Paget  on  the 
death  of  her  daughter.  Lady  Crompton.Sl 

Great  Seal  of.  996 

Ellis  Sir  H. ,  Transcript  of  Letter  from  Secretary 
Walsingfaaro  to  the  Lord  Treasurer,  92 

Enfield  William,  Jun.,  on  an  Ancient  Door  in 
St.  Clement's  Norwich,  73 

Ewing  W.  C,  Bemarks  on  the  Boundary  of  the 
City  and  Hamlets  of  Nornich,  1 

on  East  Window,  St.  John's  Madder- 
market  Church.  Norwich,  198 


Fastolf  Sir  John,  his  Will,  225 
Fastolf.  fragment  of  Pedigree  of  the  Family, 
at  Magdalen  College,  Oxford.  404 


Fersfield  Bectory,  Deterlption  at,  203 
Font  at  Aylsbam,  Description  ot,  83 


Gateley  Church,  Bemarks  on  a  Figure  on  the 
Bood-loft  Screen,  280 

Gold  Bing  found  at  Markshall.  407 

Grigson  Bev.  W.  H.,  Collection  of  Branxe  An- 
tiquities found  at  Saham,  presented  by  him, 
398 

• Bomano-British  Urn  found  at  Saham, 

presented  by  him,  403 

Guildhall  at  Diss,  Account  of,  11 

Gunn,  Bev.  John,  Proverbs,  Adages, and  Super- 
stitions, stiU  preserved  at  Irstead,  291 


Harrod  Henry,  Extracts  lirom  Coroners*  Bolla 

and  other  Documents  in  the  Norwich  Be- 

cord-Boom,  253 
-"-^  on  the  Buine  of  Drayton  Lodge,  363 
Hart  Bev.  Bichard,  on  Oliver  Neve's  Challenge 

to  Sir  Miles  Hobart.  70 
— —  on  Misereres,  with  especial  reference 

to  those  in  Norwich  Cathedral.  234 
Heraldr}',  Memorandums  in,  by  Peter  LeNere, 

23,  111,  369 
Heralds'  Visitations,  Letters  illustrative  of, 401 
Heywood  Hall,  Diss,  Account  of.  20 

Carved  Panels  at,  21 

Hobart  Sir  MUes  and  Anthony,  their  Auto- 
graphs, and  Particulars  respecting  them,  61 

—  Miles,  Esq.,  Elegy  on,  69 

— — Sir  Henry,  CheUcnge  to  him  from 

Oliver  Neve,  Esq.,  70 
-~— —  ditto,  some  Account  of,  71 
Horse  Furniture,  Portion  of,  found  at  Saham* 

Hours,  MS.  Book  of;  found  at  Besthorpe,  402 


Irstead,  Proverbs,  Adages,  and  Bnperttitiims 
StiU  preserved  at,  291 


King  Thomas  Wm.,  York  Herald,  his  Account 
of  Shields  in  the  Ceiling  of  the  South  Aisle 
of  St.  Nicholas'  Church,  Great  Yarmouth, 
149 


Leaden  Co^n  found  at  Wymondharo,  404 
Le  Neve  Peter,  ExtraeU  from  his  Diary,  23. 

Ill,  309 

Memoir  of,  390 

Le  NoTe,  Pedigree  of  the  FamUy,  394 
Livings  in  the  Diocese  of  Norwich,  MS.  Book 

of,  in  the  Beign  of  Elisabeth  and  James  1., 

403 
Loddon,  Extracts  from  Church-books  of.  64 
Long  Stratton.  Brass  Seal  found  at,  407 


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INDEX. 


411 


Lowth  Wm.,  Prior  of  Ixworth,  Inscription 

coDcernin^  him  on  a  Door  in  St.  Clement's, 

Norwich,  74 
Lynn   Begis,   Extracts   from    Chamberlain's 

Accounto,  183, 406 
Lynn  Bpegis,  Copies  and  Translations  of  two 

Deeds  belon^ng  to,  193 
Wills,  Bemarks  on,  406 


Mackerell   Benjamin,   Author  of   Hutory  qf 

Lynnt  MS.  volomes  compiled  by,  403 
Magdalen  Chapel,  its  present  State,  and  Frag- 

menta  of  Norman  Axchiteatare  still  existing 

there,  8 
Manning  C.  B,.,  Diss,  Description  by  him  of  a 

Seal  found  there,  898 
Manumission  of  Bondsmen  in  Pulham  Manor, 

Deed  of,  398 
Markshall,  Gold  Bing  found  at,  407 
Memorandums  on  Heraldry,  by  Peter  Le  Neve, 

83,  111,  360 
Messor,  or  Lord's  Bailiff,  406 
Mileham,  Customs  of  Manor  of,  405 
Misereres,  in  Norwich  Cathedral,  described,  834 
— —  formerly  in  the  Church  of  St.  Peter 

per  Mountergate,  Norwich,  238 
Morley  St  Botolph,  Boman  Coins  found  at,  397 


NeTe  Oliver,  his  Challenge  to  Sir  Miles  Hobart, 

70 
Newton  Sir  Isaac,  Thirteen  Letters  of;  to  John 

Covel,  D.D.,  309 
Norfolk,  House  for  Beformation  of  Vagabonds, 

Letter  as  to  It,  from  Secretary  WaUingham 

to  the  Lord  Treasurer,  98 
— ^—  Note  of  all  Privy  Seals  received  by 

Sir  C.  Comwallis,  Kt.,  339 
Norman  Arcade,  St.  Nicholas*  Church,  Great 

Yarmouth,  408 
Norwich,  Boundary  of  the  City  and  Hamlets, 

temp.  Phil,  and  Mary,  I 

ditto  of  the  Precincts  of  Cathedral,  6 

ditto  of  Common,  in  variance  between 

the  City  and  Convent,  temp.  Henry  VIIL,  7 
Chapel  of  St.  William  in  the  Wood, 

Site  of,  8 

Ancient  Door,  St.  Clement's,  73 

East  Window  of  the  Church  of  St. 


John  Maddermarket,  198 

Cathedral,  Misereres  in,  934 

Magdalen  Chapel,  its  Bemains  and 

present  State,  8 
Misereres  formerly  in  St.  Peter  per 

Mountergate  Church,  838 

Mackereli's  History  of,  403 

Mackereli's  Account  of  Saint  Peter 

Mancroft  Church.  403 
— —  Diocese,  Particulars  of  Livings  in,  in 

the  Beigns  of  Eliz.  and  James  I.,  403 


Norwich,  Extracts  from  the  Coronen'  Bolls, 
and  other  Documents,  in  the  Corporation 
Becord-room.  853 

Brass  Escutcheon   from   the  South 

Door  of  St.  Gregory's  Church,  868 

AoA'/ta  Imperii,  Fragments  of  a  MS.  of,  401 


Paget  Lady,  Queen  Elisabeth's  Letter  to,  on 

Lady  Crompton's  Death,  81 
Pariah  and  Church  of  Wimbotsham,  Notes  on, 

187 
Pedigree  of  the  Pratts  of  Wimbotsham.  148 

of  the  Le  Neves,  394 

Pratts,  of  Wimbotsham,  Pedigree  of,  148 
Precincts   of    Norwich    Cathedral,    Ancient 

Boundary  of,  6 
Privye  Seals,  Notes  of  all  received  by  Sir  Chas. 

Cornwallis,  Kt,  Beceiver  for  Norfolk,  1604, 

339 
Proceedings  of  Committee,  397 
Pulham  Manor,  Manumission  of  Bondsmen,  398 


Bepton  J.  A.,  Ancient  Tapestry  in  his  posses- 
sion, 397 

Bing,  Gold,  found  at  Markshall,  407 

Bix  Samuel  W.,  his  Account  of  the  Guildhall 
at  Diss.  11 

his  Cursory  Notices  of  the  Bev.  F. 

Blomefield,  the  Norfolk  Topographer,  801 

Boman  Coins  found  at  Morley,  397 

Bomano-British  Urn  found  at  Saham,  403 

Buins  of  Drayton  Lodge,  363 


Saham  Toney,  Antiquities  found  at,  398, 403 
Schorne  Sir  John,  represented  on  Bood-loft 
Screens  at  Gateley  &  Cawston  Churches,  880 
Scottish  Gold  Coins,  found  on  the  Beach  at 

Caister  and  Yarmouth,  405 
Screens  at  Gateley  and  Cawston   Churches, 

Bemarks  on  a  Figure  represented  on,  880 
Seal,  Great,  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  398 

found  at  Diss,  398 

— ^—  found  at  Long  Stretton,  407 
Sepulchral  Brass  of  Bev.  Hen.  Martyn,  110 
Spelman  Sir  John,  Letter  from  Chas.  I.  to.  408 
St.  John's  Maddermarket,  Norwich,  East  Win- 
dow of  Church,  198 
St.  Gregory's  Church,  Norwich,  Brass  Escut- 
cheon from  South  Door,  868 
St.  Peter's  Mancroft,  Norwich,  Mackereli's  Ac- 
count of,  403 
St.  Nicholas'  Church,  Gt.  Yarmouth— Crowmer 
Monument,  35;    Shields  in  the  Ceiling  of 
South  Aisle,  149,  406 ;  Norman  Arcade  dis- 
covered, 408 ;  Stone  Coffins,  405 
Stapleton  Sir  Philip,  Letter  from,  to  Oliver 

Cromwell,  43 
Stowe  Bardolpb,  Extracts  ftom  Wills  at,  97 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


412 


INDEX. 


Tapestry  in  postession  of  J.  A.  Bepton,  997 

Threxton,  Boman  Camp  at,  404 

Trrasurer,  the  Lord,  Letter  from  Secretary 

WaUingham  to  him,  touching  a  House  for 

Reformation  of  Vagabonds  in  Norfolk,  99 
Turner  Dawson,  Letters  from  Sir  P.  Stapleton 

to  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  four  Letters  from 

Olirer  Cromwell  himself,  43 
—  on  the  Figure  of  the  Law  in  York 

Cathedral,  and  an  Ancient   CofBn-lid  and 

Column  at  Durham,  87 

-  Copies  and  Translations  of  two  Deeds 


belonging  to  the  Corporation  of  Lynn,  193 
-  Will  of  Sir  John  Fastolf,  touching  the 


Establishment  of  his  College  at  Caister,  225 
Unpublished   Letters   of    Sir   Isaac 

Newton  to  John  Covel,  D.D.,  309 
^— ~—  on  the  Mural  Paintings  in  Crostwight 

Church,  358 


Upwell  Church,  Sepulchral  Brass  of  Bev.  H. 

Martyn,  HO 
Urn,  Bomano-British,  found  at  Saham,  403 


Walsingham,  Secretary,  his  Letter  to  the  Lord 
Treasurer  as  to  a  House  for  Beformation  of 
Vagabonds  in  Norfolk,  92 

Ward  Bichard,  Note  of  all  Privy  Seals  received 
by  Sir  Charles  Comwallis,  Kt.,  1604,  339 


Will  of  Sir  John  FastolA  2«5 

Wills,  Extracts  from,  in  the  Munimant-ioom 

at  Stowe  Bardolph,  97 
Wills  proved  before  the  Mayor  of  Lynn,  406 
Wimbotsham,  Notes  on  the  Parish  and  Church, 

127;  Exterior  of  the  Church,  128;  Corbel 

Table,  129;   Norman  Door.  181;   Interior, 

132;   Bosses  on  the  Boof  of  Nave,  134; 

Bench  End,  135;  Poppy*head,  136;  Extracts 

from  the  Parish  Begister,  143 
Window,  Eastern,  of  the  Church  of  St.  John 

Maddermarket,  Norwich,  198 
Worship  Francis,  his  Letter  on  the  Crowmer 

Monument,  Yarmouth  Church,  35 
Wyraondham  Church,  Leaden  Coffin  found  at, 

404 
-~—  Mural  Paiuting  formerly  in,  405 


Yarmouth.  King  Charles  II/s  Visit  to,  75 

Church,  Crowmer  Monument,  35 

^  ditto.   Arms   on   the  Ceiling  of  the 
Aisle  of,  149,  406 
ditto,  Norman  Arcade  discovered  in. 


-  ditto.  Stone  Coffins  found  at,  405 


■  Bobert,  Earl  and  Viscount,  Extract 

from  Funeral  Sermon  on  the  Death  of,  79 
Yates  Bev.  E.  T.,  on  the  Font  at  Aylsham,  83 
York  Cathedral,  Figure  of  the  Law  in.  87 


END   OF  VOL.    II. 


CnARt.KS   MU9KBTT,  PKINTER,  OLO   HAYMAKKBT,  MOBWICH. 


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NOEFOLK    AND    NORWICH 


Urctjaeological  ^ocietp 


THE   LORD    BISHOP    OF   NORWICH,    F.R.S. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Earl  of  Rosbbert. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Sondes. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Walsingham. 

The  Right  Honourable  and  Reverend  the  Lord  Batning. 

The  Right  Honourable  the  Lord  Colborne. 

The  Honourable  and  Vert  Reverend  the  Dean  of  Norwich. 

Sir  William  J.  H.  B.  Ffolkes,  Bart. 

Sir  J.  P.  Boileau,  Bart.,  F.R.S. 

The  Venerable  the  Archdeacon  of  Norwich. 

Hudson  Gurnet,  Esq.,*  F.R.S.,  V.P.S.A. 

Daniel  Gurnet,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

Dawson  Turner,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  F.A.S. 


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Cije  (Committee. 

Rev.  C.  Boutbll Doumham, 

Thokas  BaioHTWBLL,  Esq.,  F.R.S Nortoich, 

Rby.  Jameb  Bulweb Ayhham, 

Rbv.  F.  Cubitt Fritton, 

W.  C.  BwiNO,  Esq Norvneh, 

Robert  Fitch,  Esq.,  F.G.S Norwich, 

Hat  Oubnbt,  Esq Nortnch. 

Ret.  John  Qunn Irstead. 

R.  Blake  Hukfabt,  Esq.      ...:...  Norwich, 

QoDDA&D  Johnson,  Esq.    . Norwich. 

Ret.  H.  MACKENZtB Yarmouth. 

Chableb  J.  Palmbb,  Esq.,  F.S.A Yarmouth, 

E.  H.  St.  Quintxn,  Esq Thorpe  Hamlet. 

S.  W.  Stevenson,  Esq.,  F.S.A Norwich. 

Richard  Ward,  Esq Salhouae  Hall. 

Francis  Worship,  Esq Yarmouth, 

Ret.  E.  T.  Yates Aylsham. 


Captain  Blaxiston,  R.N.,  Thorpe  Hall. 


Henrt  Harrod,  Esq.,  Norwich, 
Rey.  Richard  Hart,  Cattofi. 


Ret.  J.  H  Bloom Caetleaere. 

Thomas  Barton,  Esq Threzton, 

G.  A.  Carthbw,  Esq East  Dereham. 

James  Copbman,  Esq Loddon. 

Joseph  Datey,  Esq -    .  Yarmouth. 

George  Ftxt,  Esq Fakenham. 

Rev.  a.  M.  Hopper Startton. 

Ret.  E.  J.  Howman     .    .    % BexweU. 

S.  W.  Riz,  Esq Becclet. 

A.  H.  Swatman,  Esq King'a  Lynn. 


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Jleigulatt0n0» 


1.  That  the  Society  shall  be  called  '*  The  Nobvolk:  and  Nobwich 
Abch^ological  Sooiett." 

2.  That  the  object  of  the  Society  shall  be  to  collect  the  best  informa- 
tion on  the  Arts  and  Monuments  of  the  County,  including  Primeval 
Antiquities  ;  Numismatics  ;  Architecture,  Civil  and  Ecclesiastical ; 
Sculpture;  Painting  on  Walls,  Wood,  or  Glass;  Civil  History,  and 
Antiquities ;  comprising  Manors,  Manorial  Rights,  Privileges  and  Cus- 
toms; Descent;  Genealogy;  Ecclesiastical  History  or  Endowments, 
and  Charitable  Foundations ;  Records,  &c.,  and  all  other  matters  usu- 
ally comprised  under  the  head  of  Archaeology. 

3.  That  all  information  thus  received  shall  be  entered  in  books  kept 
for  the  purpose,  which  shall  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  the  Members 
of  the  Society,  to  be  kept  in  the  custody  of  the  Secretaries. 

4.  That  the  Society  shall  consist  of  a  President,  Vice-Presidents, 
Treasurer,  Secretaries,  and  a  Committee  of  eighteen,  of  whom  at  least 
three  shall  be  chosen  from  Norwich,  three  from  Yarmouth,  and  three 
from  Lynn. 

6.  That  all  such  Antiquities  as  shall  be  given  to  the  Society,  shall  be 
presented  to  the  Norwich  Museum. 

6.  That  six  of  the  Committee  shall  go  out  annually  in  rotation,  but 
with  the  power  of  being  re-elected ;  and  also  that  the  Committee  shall 
supply  any  vacancy  that  may  occur  in  their  number  during  the  year. 

7.  That  the  President  and  Vice-Presidents  shall  be  elected  for  life, 
and  shall  also,  with  the  Treasurer  and  Secretaries,  be  ex-officio  mem- 
bers of  the  Committee. 

8.  That  any  person  desirous  to  become  a  Member  of  this  Society, 
shall  be  proposed  by  at  least  two  of  its  Members,  at  either  a  General 
or  Committee  Meeting. 

9.  That  every  Member  shall  pay  the  Annual  Subscription  of  Five 
Shillings,  to  be  due,  in  advance,  on  the  first  of  January. 

10.  That  distinguished  Antiquaries,  not  connected  with  thd  County, 
may  be  elected  as  Honorary  Members,  at  any  of  the  General  or  Com- 
mittee Meetings  of  the  Society,  on  being  proposed  by  two  of  the 
Members. 


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11.  That  Four  General  Meetings  shall  be  held  in  the  year,  and  that 
the  time  of  such  Meetings  shall  be  the  Thursday  of  the  week  in  which 
the  General  Quarter  Sessions  for  the  County  are  held. 

12.  That  such  short  papers  shall  be  read  at  the  meetings,  as  the 
Committee  shall  previously  approve  of,  and  that  the  meetings  shall 
conclude  with  the  exhibition  of,  and  discussion  on,  such  subjects  of 
interest  or  curiosity  as  Members  may  produce. 

13.  That  the  Committee  may,  on  such  occasions  as  they  shall  think 
necessary,  call  Special  Meetings  by  advertisement. 

14.  That  the  Accounts  shall  be  audited  by  two  of  the  Committee, 
and  a  statement  of  the  affairs  of  the  Society  shall  be  given,  at  the 
first  General  Meeting  in  the  Year. 

15.  That  the  Committee  shall  meet  the  first  Wednesday  in  every 
month,  at  Twelve  o'clock,  to  receive  such  information,  and  make  such 
arrangements  as  may  be  necessary,  preparatory  to  the  General  Meetings. 
That  three  shall  be  a  quorum,  and  that  the  Chairman  shall  have  a 
casting  vote. 

16.  That  a  short  Annual  Report  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Society 
shall  be  printed  and  delivered  to  all  the  Members. 

17.  That  all  papers  deposited  in  the  archives  of  this  Society,  shall  be 
considered  the  property  of  the  Society ;  but  that  it  shall  be  optional 
with  the  Committee  to  receive  communications  from  Members,  who  are 
writing  with  other  objects  in  view,  and  to  return  the  same,  after  pe- 
rusal, to  the  Author. 

18.  That  the  Committee  shall  have  the  power  of  making  Bye  Laws, 
which  shall  remain  in  force  till  the  next  General  Meeting. 

19.  That  the  Committee  shall  have  the  power  of  publishing  such 
papers  and  engravings,  at  the  Society's  expense,  as  may  be  deemed 
worthy  of  being  printed;  that  each  Subscriber  shall  be  entitled  to 
a  copy  of  such  publications,  either  gratis  or  at  such  price  as  the  funds 
of  the  Society  will  admit,  from  the  time  of  his  admission,  and  to  such 
further  copies,  and  previous  publications  (if  any  there  be  in  hand),  at  a 
price  to  be  fixed  by  the  Committee ;  that  the  author  of  such  pub- 
lished papers  shall  be  entitled  to  fifteen  copies,  gratis;  and  that  the 
Committee  shall  have  the  power  to  make  such  arrangements  for  re- 
printing any  of  the  parts  of  the  Society's  papers  when  out  of  print, 
as  they  may  deem  most  conducive  to  the  interests  of  the  Society. 

20.  That  the  Society  in  its  pursuits  shall  be  confined  to  the  County 
of  Norfolk. 


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Thb  Ma&quxs  of  No&thamfton,  President  of  the  Royal  Society. 

LoBD  Mahon,  President  of  the  Society  of  AnHquariet, 

\\                             LoBD  Braybbookb,  President  of  the  Camden  Society, 

j                    John  Bbttton,  Esq.             Sut  Hbm&t  Ellis. 

Hbnbt  Hallau,  Esq Edward  Hawkins.  Esq.             :! 

j                       Sib  Fbancis  Palobayb. 

A.  W.  Puqin,  Esq.                        } 

;                             Albb&t  Way,  Esq 

. .   Bby.  Bobt.  Willis.                                F 

''                                                 Thb  Mayob  of  Nobwich.                                                  |j| 

Thb  Mayok  of  Yabmottth Thb  Mayob  of  Lynn.                      || 

ji 

;|                                         ittemicre.                                          | 

!     Adair,  Shafto  A.,  Esq.         Flixton  Park 

Bircham,  William, Jun.,  Esq.     Beepham 
Birkbeck,  Henry,  Esq.                 Keswick      j 

■     Addison,  Thomas,  Esq.      Thorpe  Hamlet 

;     Aldred.  C.  C.  Esq.          Great  Yarmouth 

Birkbeck,  Henry,  jun.,  Esq.             Ditto 
Blakely,  Mr.  Edward                  Norwich      \ 

\     Allen,  Wm.  Maxey,  Esq.      WimhoUham 

:.     Amis,  Capt.          .        .        .         Catfield 
1     Amyot,  TliomaM,  Esq.,  f.s.a.         London 

Blakiston,  Capt.,  b.n.         .             Thorpe      ' 

Blencowe,  Bey.  E.  E.           West  Walton 

\     Anson,  Rev.  T.  A.          .         BiXlingford 

Blencowe,  Miss            .            .        Lynn     \ 

!     Arthy,  Bey.  John    Caistor  next  Norwich 

Blofeld,  Bey.  T.  J.                       Drayton 

ii     AsUey,  Bey.  H.  M.                   FotOsham 

Blofeld,  Bey.  T.  C.            Hoveton  House 

•' 

Blyth,  Bey.  William                   Fincham 

Back,  Mr.  Edward                       Nonoich 

'     BaUey,  Key.  H.            .               Hingham 

BoUeau,  J.  F.,  Esq.               .            DUto 

i     Baker,  G.  B.,  Esq.            .            Bungay 

Boileau,  F.,  Esq.           .            .        DUto 

Bolingbroke,  Horatio,  Esq.          Norwich 

Barber,  Henry,  Esq.             .            Ditto 
\    Barlow,  Key.  W.                .            Bintry 

Borrett,  James,  Esq.,  m.d.    Gt.  Yarmouth 

Boulter,  H.,  Eso.               .               DUto 
Boutell,  Bey.  Charles               Downham 

Barnard,  J.  H.,  Esq.                    Nortoich 

;     Barnard,  Mrs.  A.               .                Ditto 

Bouyerie,  Bey.  W.  A.           .        Denton 

Bamham,  J.  C,  Esq.                        DUto 

Brackenbury,  Bey.  J.  M.      Marlborough 

Barnwell,  Key.  C.  B.          MUeham  Hall 

Bradnack,  Mr.  J.  B.        Great  Yarmouth 

■•    Barnwell,  C.  F.,  Esq.                    London 

Brandon,  J.  A.,  Esq.         .            London      " 

i    Barton,  Thomas,  Esq.                 Jhrexton 

Brereton,  Bey.  B.  B.                    Stifkey 

Bayfield,  Mr.  T.  G.          .            Norwich 

Bridgeman,  W.  K.,  Esq.              Norwich 
Brightwell,  Thomas,  Esq.                 Ditto      ^ 

!    Bayning,  Bight  Hon.  and  Bey.  Lord 

Honinyham  HaU 

Brightwen,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Gt,  Yarmouth 

;     Beare,  Samuel  S.,  Esq.                 Norwich 

Brightwen,  John,  Esq.                      Ditto      ] 

Beauchamp,  Bey.  T.               Buckenham 

Brooks,  William,  Esq.                 Norwich      j 
Brown,  John,  Esq.         .            .        Ditto      i 
Browne,  W.  J.  TJtten,  Esq.              Ditto      \ 

,,    Beckwith,  A.  A.  H.,  Esq.           Norwich 

f    Beeyor,  Sir  Thos.,  Bart.     Hargham  Hall 

Beloe,  WiUiam,  Esq.            .            Lynn 

Bulwer,  Bey.  James          .          Aylsham      \ 

Bensley,  Mr.                                 Norwich 

Bulwer,  Bev.  A.  E.          .             Cawston 

1    Bemey,  Bey.  T.                         Hockering 

Bulwer,  W.E.Lytton,  Esq.  HeydonHaU 
Bulwer,  J.  B.,  Esq.                        London 

t    Bickmore,  Bey.  F.  A.                      Hethel 

\    Bidwell,  John,  Esq.                       London 

Burroughes,  B.  E.,  Esq.               Norwich 

i     Bidwell,  Mrs.  H.                           Norwich 

Burroughcs,  W.  N.,  Esq.     Gt,  YarmotUh 

1     Bignold,  Samuel,  Esq.                      DUto 

• 

Burrowes,  Bey.  H.  N.                   Becclcs 

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Calvert,  Rey.  Thomas  Norwich 

Campbell,  R.,  Esq.  Fakenham 

Carter,  Rev.  Geone  Nortoieh 

Carthew,  G.  A.,  Esq.         Beat  Dereham 
Carthew,  George,  Esq.  Harletton 

Chapman,  Rev.  Charles        Acriee,  Kent 
Chapman,  Gardiner,  Esq.  Nortoieh 

Chester,  Greville  Geo.,  Esq.     Swaffham 
Clarke,  E.  P.,  Esq.  Wymondham 

Clitherow,  Miss  London 

Clowes,  Rev.  Thomas  .         Cotton 

Cobb,  Rev.  Robert         .  ElUngham 

Cobb,  James,  Esq.  Great  Yarmouth 

Colbome,  Lord  Weet  Barling  Hall 

Cole,  R. ,  Esq.     Upper  Norton  St. ,  London 


CoUyer,  Colonel 
Collyson,  Rev.  H. 
Cooke,  Henry,  Esq. 
Coope,  Octavius,  Esq. 
Cooper,  Mr.  William 
Cooper,  Rev.  C.  B. 
Copeman,  Edward,  Esq.,  k.d. 
Copeman»  James,  Esq. 
Cory,  Charles,  Esq. 
Cory,  S.  B.,  Esq.      . 
Cream,  Rev.  Clement 
Crosse,  J.  G.,  Esq. 
Crowfoot,  W.  H.,  Esq. 
Cubitt,  Rev.  Frank 
Cubitt,  Henry,  Esq. 
Cullyer,  Mr.  P. 
Cunningham,  Peter,  Esq. 
Curtis,  Rev.  J. 
Curtis,  Mr.  C.  J.  M. 


Norwich 

BUney 

Cotton 

London 

Lynn 

Morley 

Norwich 

Loddon 

Great  Yarmouth 

Ditto 

Doumham 

Norwich 

Beceles 

Fritton 

.     Cotton 

Norwich 

Kensington 

East  Dereham 

Pakefield 


Dalrymple,  Arthur,  Esq.  Norwich 

Dalrymple,  Archibald,  Esq.  Ditto 

Dangerfield,  E.  T.,  Esq. 

Bank  of  England,  London 
Darby,  Rev.  M.  B.  Bingham 

Dashwood,  Mrs.  Caistor  next  Norwich 
Dash  wood,  Rev.  Geo.  H.,  Stow  Bardolph 
Dashwood,  Rev.  Augustus  Thornage 
Dashwood,  Mrs. 
Davey,  Henry,  Esq 
Davey,  Joseph,  Esq. 
Davie,  Rev.  W.  C. 
Davie,  C,  Esq. 
Deacle,  Rev.  Thomas 
Drake,  Rev.  William 
Druery,  J.  H.,  Esq. 
Dunn,  John,  Esq.,  m.d. 
Dunster,  Rev.  H. 


Edwards,  Rev.  B. 
Edwards,  Rev.  E. 
Edwards,  Rev.  J.  F. 
Enfield,  Mr.  Wm.,  jun. 
Evans,  Rev.  Henry 
Evans,  Rev.  J.  P. 
Evans,  T.  R.,  Esq. 
Evcrard,  Rev.  Daniel 
Ewing,  W.  C,  Esq. 


Ditto 

Beceles 

Great  Yarmouth 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Bethersett 

Coventry 

Norwich 

Great  Yarmouth 

Woodbastwick 

AshiU 

King's  Lynn 

Bolme  Bale 

Norwich 

Swanton 

Swajj^am 

Coltishall 

Burnham  Thorpe 

Norwich 


Farrer,  Mr.  Thomas  Diss 

Fellowes,  W.  M.,  Esq.  Ormesby 

FeUowes,  Rev.  T.  L.  Lingwood 

Ferrier,  R.,  jun.,  Esq.     Great  Yarmouth 
Ffolkes,  Sir  W.  J.  H.  B.,  Bart 

HiilingtonBaU 


Field,  Rev.  F. 
Field,  Rev.  S.  P. 
Finch,  Peter,  Esq. 
Fisher,  James,  Esq. 
Fisher,  J.  G.,  Esq. 
Fisher,  Rev.  Charles 
Fitch,  W.  S.,  Esq. 
Fitch,  Robert,  Esq.,  f.o.b. 
Fitch,  Mrs. 
Fitt,  Mr.  George 
Flavell,  Rev.  John  W. 
Flowers,  John  Wickham,  Esq. 


Foster,  Sampson,  Esq. 
Foster,  Wm.,  Esq. 
Fox,  W.  L.,Esq. 
Francis,  Henry,  Esq. 
Franks,  A.  W.,  Esq. 
Freeman,  Rev.  John 
French,  Josiah,  Esq. 
Profit,  Rev.  W. 
Fryer,  J.  R.,  Esq. 
Fyson,  Mr.  James 


Beepham 

High  Beech,  Essex 

Norwich 

Ditto 

Great  Yarmouth 

Bethel 

Ipsvnch 

Norwich 

Ditto 

Fakenham 

RidUngton 

Croydon 


Norwich 

DUto 

Barleston 

Norwich 

Trin,  CoU,,  Comb. 

Ashwicken 

Windsor 

Thorpe 

Denver 

Wymondham 


Gilman,  C.  S.,  Esq. 
Girling,  Barry,  Esq. 
Girlmg,  J.  B.,  Esq. 
Glover,  the  Yen.  Archdn. 
Goggs,  Rev.  H. 
Goodwin,  Charles,  Esq. 
Goodwin,  Rev.  F. 
Goodwm,  C.  W.,  Esq. 
Gordon,  John,  Esq. 
Green,  Rev.  Charles 
Green,  Miss 
Grigson,  Rev.  W.  H. 
Gunn,  Rev.  John 
Gumey,  Hudson,  Esq. 
Gumey,  Daniel,  Esq. 
Gumey^  J.  H.,  Esq. 
Gumey,  Hay,  Esq. 
Gumey,  Miss 


Norwich 

East  Dereham 

Bingham 

Northrepps 

South  Creaks 

Norwich 

Thurlton 

Cambridge 

Saxlingham 

Burgh  Castle 

Bey  don  Ball 

Whinburgh 

Irstead 

Keswick 

North  Buncton 

Boston  Lodge 

Norwich 

Northrepps 


Haggard,  W.  M.  R.,  Esq. 
Hakewill,  J.  H.,  Esq. 
Harmer,  H.  R.,  Esq. 
Harrod,  James,  Esq. 
Harrod,  Henry,  Esq. 
Hart,  Rev.  Richard 
Hastings,  Mr.  B. 
Henderson,  Captain 
Herring,  liev.  A. 
Herring,  Rev.  Nathaniel 
Herring,  William,  Esq, 
Hewitt,  John,  Esq. 
Hibgamc,  Rev.  £, 


Hilling,  George,  Esq. 
Hodgson,  D;,  Esq. 


SuHi^ffham 

London 

Great  Yarmouth 

Aylsham 

Norwich 

Cotton 

Ca^ld 

Yarrow 

Thorpe 

Taverham 

Norwich 

The  Tou>er,  London 

Norwich 


Great  Yarmouth 
Norwich 


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Holmes,  Rev.  R.                  .  Wroxham 

Howes,  Rev.  T.  G.  F.         .  BeUon 

Howes»  Rev.  George  Spixtoorth 

Howman,  Rev.  E.  J.  BextoeU 

Hume,  Jofiepb,  Esq.,  m.p.  Somerian 

Humfrev,  R.  Blake,  Esq.  Norwich 

Hunt,  W.  P.,  Esq.            .  Iptwich 

Jackson,  Rev.  H.  .         Holt 

Jackson,  Rev.  R.  Dunhwn 

Jackson,  Rev.  S.        .  .       Ipswich 

Jeffes,  John,  Esq.  .  Harleston 

Jennings,  the  Venerable  Archdeacon 
Jenny,  Jermj,  Esq.         Oreat  YarmotUh 
Jessop,  Rev.  Geo.        Morton  on  the  Hill 
Impey,  J.,  Esq.,  m.d.       Great  Yarmouth 
Jooiell,  Rev.  sh^don  SaxUngham 

Johnson,  Goddard,  Esq.  Norwich 

Johnson,  J.  Godwin,  Esq.  Ditto 

Johnson,  G.  W.,  Esq.  Winchester 

Johnson,  Rev.  William  Yaxham 

Jones,  Sir  Willoughby,  Bart. 

Cranmer  Hall 
Jones,  Rev.  Thomas  Sporle 

Keppel,  Hon.  &  Rev.  T.      North  Creake 
Ker,  Lord  Henry  BlickUng 

Kerrison,  John,  Esq.         Ranworth  Hall 
King,  Thos.  Wm.,  Esq.,  Rouge  Dragon 

College  of  Arme^  London 
Kitson,  John,  Esq.  .  Thorpe 


Leathes,  J.  F.,  Esq. 
Lee,  Thomas  F.,  £sq. 
Lee  Warner,  Rev.  James 
Lemann,  Rev.  F.  G. 
Le  Strange,  H.  L.  S.,  Esq 
Littleboy,  Mr.  John,  jun. 
Locke,  Mr. 
Long,  E.  S.  D.,  Esq. 
Long,  Rev.  Henry 
Long,  Robert  K.,  Esq. 
Longe,  John,  Esq. 
Lound,  Mr. 

Lydekker,  Gerard,  Esq. 
Lynes,  Mr.  Douglas 


Mills,  R.,  Esq. 
Milne  Rev.  H. 
Minty.  R.  G.  P.,  Esq. 
Montagu,  Rev.  E. 
Morgan,  J.  B.,  Esq. 
Morgan,  R.  J.  E.,  Esq. 
Morse,  George,  Esq.- 
Mott,  John  T.,  Esq. 
Munfbrd,  Rev.  George 
Muskett,  Mr.  Charles 

Neligan,  Rev.  W.  H. 
Nicholas,  Rev.  G.  F. 
Nichols,  J.  G.,  Esq. 
Ninham,  Mr.  H. 
Norgate,  Mr.  John 
Norgate,  Rev.  T.  S. 


Norwich 

Holme  Hale 

Norwich 

North  Cove 

Norwich 

Ditto 

Cotton 

Bamtnghctm 

East  Winch 

Norwich 

Carleton 

ToftMonke 

London 

Nortoieh 

Ditto 

Sparham 


Herringfleet  Hall 

Cambridge 

Waleingham 

Merton 

Hunetanton 

Norwich 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Eatton 

Duneton  Hall 

Spixworth 

Norwich 

St  Albans 

Litcham 


Mac  GUI,  Rev.  G.  .        Stoke  Ferry 

Mackenzie,  Rev.  H.  Great  Yarmouth 
Manby,  Capt.  G.  W.,  a.N.  Souihtown 
Manmng,  C.  R.,  Esq.  .  Diss 

Marriott,  Robert,  Esq.  Swaffham 

Marsham,  C.  W.,  Esq.  Hevingham 

Marsham,  R.,  Esq.  Stratton  Strawless 
Marsham,  Rev.  T.  .  Ditto 

Martin,  William,  Esq.  Bixleg 

Master,  Alfred,  Esq.  Norwich 

Matchett,  William,  Esq.  .         DUto 

Mathias,  Rev.  O.  St,  Faith's 

Mewbum,  Francis,  Esq.  Darlington 

Middleton,  Mr.  Jacob,  jun.  Norwich 

Miller,  Henry,  jun.,  Esq.  Ditto 

MUls,  J.,  Esq.  .  .  Ditto 


Norwich,  the  Lord  Bishop  of,   The  Palace 
Norwich,  Hon.  &  Very  Rev.  the  Dean  of 
Norwich,  the  Ven.  the  Archdeacon  of, 
HackfordHaU 

Cakes,  H.  P.,  Esq.  Bury  St,  Edmutute 
Cakes,  Mr.  R.  Swaffham 

Oldfield,  D.  Esq., 

St,  John's  Wood^  London 
Oldfield,  E.,  Esq.  King's  Lynn 

Ormerod,  the  Ven.  Archdn.  Harleston 
Ormsby,  Rev.  W.  A.  East  Bradenham 
Overman,  Henry,  Esq.  Weasenham 

Palgrave,  R.  H.  J.,  Esq.  Qt.  Yarmouth 
Palmer,  C.  J.,  Esq.,  f.s.a.  Ditto 

Palmer,  W.  H.,  Esq.  Ditto 

Palmer,  F.  N.,  Esq.  Ditto 

Parkes,  Rev.  W.  J.  Hilgay 

Parmeter,  Robert  W.,  Esq.  Aylsham 
Parsons,  Mr.  J.  Norwich 

Patteson,  H.,  Esq.  Cringleford 

Patteson,  Rev.  W.  F.  Norwich 

Pearsc,  Wm.,  Esq.  .  Westminster 
Peto,  S.  M.,  Esq.,  m.p.  Somerleyton  Hall 
Petre,  Captain  Westwick 

Pettingill,  Mr.  D.  Great  Yarmouth 

Pitts,  Mr.  St.  Giles,  Norwich 

Postle,  Rev.  Edward  Yelverton 

Power,  Rev.  A.  B.  Norwich 

Pratt,  E.  R.,  Esq.  Denver 

Pratt,  Rev.  Jermyn  Campsey  Ash 

Pritchard,  J.,  Esq.  Great  Yarmouth 

Proctor,  Admiral  Sir  W.  Beauchamp, 
Bart.  .  Zjongley 

Prowett,  Rev.  John  Ca^ield 

Randall,  W.  E.,  E^.  Southtown 

Repton,  William,  Esq.  Aylsham 

Repton,  J.  A.,  Esq.,  p.s.a.  Springfield 
Reynolds,  W.  C,  Esq.     Great  Yarmouth 

Rising,  R.,  Esq.  Horsey 

Rix,  JJenjamin,  Esq.  London 

Rix,  S.  W.,  Esq.  BeccUs 

Robinson,  H.  Ciabbe,  Esq.  London 

Rolfe,  Rev.  S.  C.  E.  Neville  Heacham 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


If,                  -         ■. — . ■ ^  ^^-.^  ._-■ 

l| 
Swqfkain      J 

RoBe,  Caleb,  jun.,  Esq.              Swaffkam 
Hosebery,  the  Right  fion.  the  Earlof 

Taylor,  Mr.  William 

Kmg'sLynn      (^ 

Thomas,  Rev.  Caddy 

Thurlow,  Rev.  E. 

Lound     j, 

Sandby,  Rev.  George                    FlixUm 

Townshend,  Lord  Charles 

Sanderson,  Richard,  Esq.              Gunton 

Tucker,  Charles,  Esq. 

London     I 

Sayle,  George,  Eaq.               King's  Lynn 

Turner,  Dawson,  Esq.,  f.r.s.,  f.a.s.             !i| 

Scott,  J.  B.,  Esq.                           Bungay 

Great  Yarmouth     \\ 

Soott,  W.  H.,  Esq.                       AyUham 

Turner,  Miss 

Ditto      < 

Scott,  Samuel,  Esq.                        London 

Tifrner,  Francis,  Esq. 

Weetmtneter      j 

Sedgwick,  Rev.  Professor           Norwich 

Turner,  Rev.  S.  B. 

Shupe,  Mr.  John                              Ditto 

Turner,  T.  Hudson,  Esq. 

London     h 

ii 

Shirley,  Rev.  James               Frettenham 

Upcher,  Henry,  Esq. 

Upcher,  Rev.  A. 

Ditto      1 

Slipper,  Rev.  R.  B.                     Hingham 

Sloman,  Mr.  C.                Great  Yarmouth 

Vaux,  Rev.  Bowyer        Great  Yarmouth       \ 

Smith,  H.  S.,  Esq.                  Westmitater 

Yores,  William,  Esq.,  k.d. 

Ditto 

Snellgrove,  A.,  l&q.      Bank  of  England 

I      Sondes,  Lord           .            .        Elmham 

Wales,  T.  G.,  Esq. 

Downham 

I      Spiller,  W.  C,  Esq.         Great  Yarmouth 

Walpole.  Lord 

WoUerton 

1      Spurdens,  Rev.  W.  T.     North  Walsham 

Walpole,  Hon.  H. 

Ditto 

I      Spurgeon,  Rev.  John                   Twyford 

Ward,  Richard,  Esq. 
Warwick,  W.  A.,  Esq 

Merton 

1      St.  Quintin,  E.  H.,  Esq.    T%orpe  Hamlet 

Salhouse 

'      Staff;  John  R.,  Esq.         .            Norwich 

Cambridge 

i      Stannard,  Joseph,  Jun.,  Esq.            Ditto 
\      Stannard,  Cubitt,  Esq.          .            Ditto 

Watson,  James,  E84..  Sheriff  of  Norwich       \ 

Way,  Albert,  Esq.,  p.s.a. 
Webster,  Rev.  G.  H. 

Wonham 

Stevenson,  S.  W.,  Esq.,  p.s.a.         Ditto 

Norwich 

1     Steward,  Edward,  Esq.             Sprowtton 

WeUs,  Mr.  Henry 

Nottingham 

Stracey,  Rev.  W.  J.            .          Skeyton 

West,  Mr.  R.  H. 

Norwich     ; 

1      Stracey,  Mrs.  John                    Sprowston 

Wilkinson,  T.  B.,  Esq.    North  Wahham     \\ 

Suffield,  Dowager  Lady             Blickling 

Wilson,  P.  Esq. 
Wilson,  Rev.  H. 

King's  Lynn       \ 

1      Sufladd,  Dowager  Lady  Emily,  Horttead 
Swatman,  A.  H.,  Esq.          King's  Lynn 

Norwich 

WodehQUse,  Rev.  Canon 

Ditto     II 
East  Dereham 

'      Symonds,  Rev.  H.                       Norwich 

Wollaston,  Rev.  W.  C. 

Symonds,  Mrs.              .            .        Ditto 

WoUaston,  Rev.  W. 

Honingham 

Worship,  Francis,  Esq.,    Great  Yarmouth     ;!| 

1     Tatham,  Rev.  T.              .              Colkirk 

Worship,  William,  Esq. 

Ditto     • 

;j     Tawke,  Arthur,  Esq.,  m.d.          Norwich 

Wright,  Charles,  Esq. 
Wright,  John,  jun.,  Esq. 

Litcham      ; 

1     Taylor,  Rev.  A.           .           MarUngford 

Buxton      1 

!     Taylor,  E.,  Esq.,  Professor  of  Music  in 

,              Grcsham  College        .            London  Yates,  Rev.  E.  T. 

1 

Aylsham     \\ 

1- 

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CHARLES  MUSUnr,  PRINTER,   OLD  HATICARKET,   NORWICH 

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