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MAGNA BRITANNIA;

BEING

A CONCISE TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT

THE SEVERAL COUNTIES

GREAT BRITAIN.

By the Rev. DANIEL LYSONS, A.M. F.R.S. F.A. and L.S.

RECTOR OF KODMARTON IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE ;

And SAMUEL LYSONS, Esq. F.R.S. and F.A.S.

LATE KEEPER OF HIS MAJESTY'S RECORDS IN THE TOWER OF LONDON.

VOLUME THE SIXTH,

CONTAINING

DEVONSHIRE.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THOMAS CADELL, IN THE STRAND.
1822.

ADVERTISEMENT.

The publication of the present volume has been thus long delayed
principally in consequence of the melancholy loss I sustained in
1819 by the death of my brother. It was a considerable time
before I could feel equal to resume the work ; and I should wholly
have shrunk [from the task, had I not considered myself pledged
in various ways to complete the Devonshire volume. Our personal
collections had long been made, and we had finished our last
notes, those for the northern part of the county, in 1818 ; but my
brother had made little progress in the subjects which had fallen
under his department, namely, the Geology and Minerals, and
whatever relates to Antiquities in the General History, except the
heads of Ancient Architecture, for which he had collected and ar-
ranged ample notes. The articles which I havedrawn up from these
have been kindly revised by Robert Smirke, Esq., jun., R.A., &c.
For the Geology of the county, its Mineralogy, &c, I have been
so fortunate as to have been favoured with the very able assist-
ance of John Hawkins, Esq. ; the Rev. Professor Buckland ; the
Rev. J. Conybeare ; and Mr. J. Miller. The late learned Bishop
of Cloyne obligingly transmitted his paper on the Roman Roads
and Stations not long before his death ; and on the subject of
Ancient Encampments, I have been kindly assisted by his friend
and fellow-traveller, the Rev. T. Leman.

DANIEL LYSONS.

Rodmarton, July 20. 1822.

CONTENTS

THE SIXTH VOLUME.

General history of Devonshire

Name and Etymology

Ancient Inhabitants, Language, and Government

Historical Events -

Civil Division of the County

Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction and Division of the County

Table of Parishes -

Chapels of Ease - - -

Monasteries, Colleges, and Ancient Hospitals

Borough and Market Toims

Markets - - - *

Disused Markets

Fairs and Great Markets - - -

Population

Division of Property at the Time of the Domesday Survey

Chief Landed Property at various Periods

Nobility of the County -

Nobility resident in or connected with the County

Irish Peers connected with Devonshire

Noble Families extinct

Baronial Families not summoned to Parliament

Irish Earldom extinct

Noblemen's Seats
Baronets

Extinct Baronets, and such as are no longer connected with the County

Baronets' Seats

Page
iii — ccclv
iii
ibid.
iv — xx
xx — xxii
xxii. xxiii
xxiv — xxx
xxxi
xxxi. xxxii
- xxxii — xxxiv
xxxiv
xxxv
xxxv — xxxviii
xxxviii — xlix
xlix — lxxxii
lxxxiia. lxxxiiii.
lxxxiii — cvii
Ixxxiii — xciv
xciv. xcv
xcv — cv
cv. cvi
cvii
cvii. cviii
cviii — cxxii

cxxiii — cxxxi

cxxxi. cxxxii

CONTENTS.

Gentry -

Existing Gentry -

Ancient Families extinct, or removed, before 1620

Ancient Families of which the Principal Branch is extinct, or removed,

since 1620, yet some of the Descendants remain in the County
Families known or supposed to be extinct since 1620, or removed out of

the County - - -

Gentlemen's Seats ...

Forests and Deer-Parlcs . . -

Geographical and Geological Description of the County

Situation, Boundaries, Extent, SfC. . - -

Soils, Strata, Sfc. -

Surface and Scenery •

Rivers -

Navigable Rivers, Creeks, and Canals

'Roads _..----

Rail-Roads - - ■ "

Natural History . . - - -

Minerals -

Meteoric Stones - -

Organic Remains - "

Indigenous Plants - .

Birds -

Mineral and other remarkable Springs ...

Produce -

Trade of the Principal Ports of Devon

Manufactures -

Antiquities •

British and Roman British Antiquities -

Circidar Enclosures « -

Sepulchral Stones - - - '

Cromlech ------

Crosses -

Celts . - - - -

Roman Antiquities - -

British and Roman Roads and Stations
Ancient Church Architecture -

Saxon -

Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries

Fifteenth Century •

Sixteenth Century - -

Ancient Painted Glass -

Rood-lofts, Screens, 8fc. • •

Ancient Pulpits

Page
cxxxii — ccxxv

cxxxii — clx
clxi — clxxii

clxxiii — clxxxiii

clxxxiii — ccxxv

ccxxvi — ccxxx

ccxxx. ccxxxi

ccxxxii — ccliii

ccxxxii

ccxxxii — ccli

ccli — ccliii

ccliii — cclxx

cclix — cclxi

cclxi — cclxv

cclxv

cclxv — cclxxvi

cclxv — cclxx

cclxx

cclxx — cclxxii

cclxxii — cclxxiv

cclxxv

cclxxv. cclxxvi

cclxxvi — ccxcvi

ccxcvii. ccxcviii

ccxcviii — cccvi

cccvi — cccliii

cccvi — cccx

cccvi

cccvii — cccix

cccvii

cccix. cccx

cccx

cccx. cccxi

cccxii — cccxxiii

cccxxiii — cccxliv

cccxxiii

cccxxiv

cccxxiv. cccxxv

cccxxv. cccxxvi

cccxxvi

cccxxti — cccxxix

cccxxix

CONTENTS.

Stone Stalls - - .

Fonts --...

Ancient Sepulchral Monuments - - -

Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries

Fifteenth Century - -

Sixteenth Century -

Monastic Remains - - - . .

Ancient Castles, and Sites of Castles, and Castellated Mansions
Ancient Mansions ....

Camps and Earthworks -

Local Customs -

PAROCHIAL HISTORY

The Isle of Lundy ....

Additions and Corrections to the General History

' to the Parochial History

Index of Parishes -

of Villages, Manors, arid Bartons

of Families, •with their Monuments and Arms

of Names and Titles

General Index

Page

ccexxix. cccxxx

ccexxx. cccxxxi

cccxxxi — cccxliv

cccxxxii — cccxxxvi

cccxxxvi — cccxl

cccxl — cccxliv

cccxliv. cccxlv

cccxlv. cccxlvi

cccxlvii. cccxlviii

cccxlix— -cccliii

cccliv. ccclv

1-579
580, 581
582, 583
583—616
617—621
622—635
636—644
645—675
676—681

[A]

ERRATA.

GENERAL HISTORY.

Page xlii. for Dimchidiock, read Dunchidiock.
lxvii. col. 3. read Edric tiuice.

cv. 1. 24. for Nonant, read Novant.
cxli. 1. 13. and 15. for Clark, read Clarke,
clxxiii. 1. penult, there should be a comma only after Barry.
clxxxii. 1. 5. for Touissaints, read Toussaints.
clxxxvi. I. 27. after Bremridge, read of Breinridge.
cci. 1. 23. for Duke, read Dukes,
ccxiv. 1. 12. and 15. and p. ccclii. 1. 20. for Paracombe, read Farracombe.
ccxix. 1. I. for Thore, read Thome.
cexx. 1. 17. for Pustlinch, read Puslinch.

cexxii. 1. 1. for Walker, read Walter ; and 1. 3. for Woolcombe, read Woollcombe.
eclxx. 1. 25. and p. eclxxi. 1. 9. far Icthyosaurus, read Ichthyosaurus.

eclxxi. 1. 28. for quadricostata, and quinque costata, read cjuadricostatus and quinque costatus.
1. 29. for spinulosum, read splnulosus.

PAROCHIAL HISTORY.

Page 28. 1. 15. for Cynegilous, read Cynegilsus.

57. 1. 11. for Charles, read George Hunt.

70. 1. 19. after Coryndon, dele the hyphen.

78. 1. 31. for Labell, read Cabell.

103. 1. 30. for Kennich, read Kennick.

111. 1. 18. fur Henry, read Humphrey.

126. 1. 6. and p. 144. 1. 29- after Combe, dele Lancelles.

132. 1. 22. and note ° and 133. 1. 25. for Samson, read Sampson.

144. 1. 5. for Queen Elizabeth, read King Henry VIII.

210. L 28. for 1485, read 1508.

217. 1. 4. for Richard, read John.

226. 1. ult. dele the apostrophe in Columber's.

377. 1. 3. for wool, read cotton.

390. I. 30. for Coneybeare, read Conybeare.

431. 1. 29. for Corydon, read Coryndon.

448. 1. 5. for Burrowes, read Burroughs.

487. Supply the letter of reference ( ' ) to the second note,

517- 1. 25. for Paignton, read Coffinswell.

536. 1. 7. for Kendell, read Kendall.

540. 1. 25. for families, read family.

551. 1. I- for Exeter, read Windsor.

560. note, for Sibbon read Sibston.
565. note, 1. 23. after therein, supply I.

573. 1. 13. 14. The punctuation i? incorrect : in 1.13. after rectory, instead of a
full stop, insert a comma; and in 14. after Swete, instead of a comma, insert
a full stop.

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DEVONSHIRE.

Vol. VI.

DEVONSHIRE.

GENERAL HISTORY.

Name and Etymology.

THHIS county was called, by the Cornish Britons, Dunan ; by the Welsh,
Deuffneynt ; by the Saxons, Devenascyre, Devnascyre, and Devenschire.
Ptolomy, and Richard of Cirencester call it Au^vmov, Danmonium, or
Dunnionium. Sammes supposes Danmonium to be derived from two
Phoenician words, dan or dun, a hill ; and moina, mines ; Camden defines
the Welsh, DeufFneynt, deep vallies ; both, names sufficiently appropriate
to the county.

Ancient Inhabitants, Language, and Government.

It is supposed that Devonshire was inhabited from a very remote
period ; and that its inhabitants had commercial transactions with the
Phoenicians, Greeks, and other foreign nations. a Mr. Pohvhele says,
that these aboriginal Britons were the Danmonii. The late Mr. Whitaker,
on the contrary, supposes, and of this opinion are some of the most
eminent antiquaries of the present day, that the Danmonii were the
Belgic invaders ; and that the aboriginal inhabitants of Devonshire were
the Cimbri, some of whom, in consequence of these invasions, emigrated
to Ireland, whilst others continued to occupy the north-west of Devon.

* Numerous words of eastern origin, as well as Greek words, appear to have been incor-
porated in the ancient British language.

a 2 Cassar

iv DEVONSHIRE.

Caesar tells us, that, when he landed in Britain, he found the BelgEe still
inhabiting the neighbourhood of the sea-coast. b Richard of Cirencester
speaks of the neighbourhood of Hartland point, as inhabited by the Cim-
bri ; the sea-coast opposite Gaul, being occupied by the Danmonii : he
describes the latter as " Gens omnium validissima."

Under the Romans, Devonshire formed an important part of Britannia
Prima. After the Saxon conquest, it became part of the kingdom of the
West Saxons. The dialect of the ancient British, which was called the
Cornu British, or Cornish, prevailed also in Devonshire, or at least was
spoken in common with the Saxon, till the expulsion of the Britons beyond
the Tamar, by Athelstan, in the tenth century.

There has been nothing peculiar in the government of Devonshire, as
distinct from that of the rest of the kingdom, except that of the Stannary-
laws, which have been in force from an early period in the mining district,
the south-west of the county. The Stannary-parliaments were anciently
held in the open air, on an elevated spot, called Crokern-tor, in Dartmoor.
Mr. Polwhele, writing about the year 1795, says that then, not long since,
the president's chair, the jurors' seats, &c, remained entire, cut out in the
rude stone ; but that it had been for a long time customary only to open
the commission and swear in the jury on the site of the ancient court, and
then to adjourn to the court-house at one of the Stannary-towns. c Indeed
the custom even of opening the court at Crokern-tor has been for many
years disused. The Stannary-prison d was at Lidford Castle, now a ruin.

Historical Events.

The numerous remains of fortresses in Devonshire evince, that it had at a
remote period been the scene of frequent warfare. It is most probable that
many of these were formed by the aboriginal Britons, as a defence against
the attacks of the Belga;, and other invaders ; but we have no historian of
these early periods ; nor have we any intimation, from well-authenticated

b " Britannia; pars interior ab iis incolitur quos natos in insula ipsa memoria proditum
dicunt ; maritima pars ab iis qui pra?das ac belli inferendi causa ex Belgio transierunt." Caesaris
Comment. Delph. Edit. 4to. p. 93.

c The Stannary-towns are Ashburton, Chagford, Plympton, and Tavistock.

4 See more of this wretched place of confinement, under the account of Lidford.

history,

DEVONSHIRE. v

history, whether this county was the scene of war during the occupation
of Britain by the Romans, although some of the ancient encampments
bear evident marks of having been constructed by that nation. One
historian, indeed, whose authority is but little esteemed, Geoffrey of Mon-
mouth, relates that Exeter was besieged by Vespasian, and that it was
relieved by Arviragus, between whom and the Roman General a battle
ensued, in which neither party could claim the victory.

The earliest military transaction among the Saxons, connected with this
county, and recorded by our historians, is a battle at Bampton, (Beamdune,)
in which Cynegilsus, King of the West Saxons, vanquished the Britons
with great slaughter, in or about the year 614. Matthew of Westminster
relates, that Exeter being held by Brien, nephew of Cad wallo, the last British
King, was besieged by Penda, King of Mercia, in 633 ; and that Cad-
wallo, who had some time before been obliged to leave his kingdom, by
the success of the Saxons, returned ; and having collected an army, fought
a battle with Penda, whom he vanquished near Exeter, and relieved the
town. After this, we find nothing in the historians, relating to Devon-
shire before the Danish invasions, which are spoken of with the greatest
horror.

Some modern writers have erroneously supposed, that the first landing
of the Danes was at Teignmouth, having been led into the mistake by the
similarity of name. On consulting the ancient historians, it will be very
evident, that it was at Tinemouth, in Northumberland, where they first
landed, in 787. Their first ravages were in the north of England.

The Danes appear to have been in Devonshire during part of the years
876, 877, and 878. e It may be collected from the Saxon Chronicle, and
Matthew of Westminster, that they wintered in Exeter both in 876, and
877 ; and that in 877 Alfred besieged them in that town. It is said, that
they betook themselves to their fortress, where they were secure from his
attacks ; but that they soon afterwards (straightened probably for want of
provisions) made their peace, and gave the King such hostages as he
required.

In S78, Hubba, the brother of Halfden, made a descent on the north
coast with 23 ships, and landed at Appledore. The Saxons gave him
battle, and he was defeated with the loss of above 800 men, and the Danish
standard of the raven. f In 894, the Danes landed in Devonshire, besieged

« Sax. Chron. Asserius. Mat. West. Hen. Huntingdon, &c. ' Sax. Chron.

Exeter

vi DEVONSHIRE.

Exeter and another fortified town ; but, on the approach of Alfred's army,
fled to their ships. s In or about the year 926, Athelstan is supposed to
have vanquished Howell, King of Cornwall, near Exeter, and to have ex-
pelled the Britons, who then inhabited that town jointly with the Saxons,
beyond the Tamar. It was probably about this time, that Athelstan kept
his Christmas at Exeter, which he appears to have done when he made his
celebrated laws at that place. h In 937 is said to have happened, near
Axminster, the most bloody conflict which had ever been known in Eng-
land, between King Athelstan, accompanied by his brother Edmund, against
the Kings of Ireland and Scotland confederated with the Danes, in which
Athelstan was victorious. The relation so exactly corresponds with that
of a battle, said by the historians to have taken place in 937> or 938, in
Northumberland, that it must have been one and the same event, whatever
may be decided as to its locality. In part of an old French chronicle,
printed in Leland's Collectanea, it is said that the enemy landed at Seaton,
and that the battle began at Brunedune, near Colyton, and continued to
Axminster, then called Bronebury. ' The cartulary of Newenham Abbey,
in Axminster, relates also that the battle began near Colyton, (Kaletyne,)
and continued to Colecroft, under Axminster ; and that Athelstan founded
a collegiate minster of priests to pray for the souls of the earls and others,
slain in the battle. In the old chronicle above mentioned, the slaughter is
described as immense : five of the leaders slain are there called Kings ;
these with eight earls, and others, are said to have been buried in the
cemetery at Axminster.

William of Malmsbury speaks of the Danes having laid waste Devon-
shire, and burnt Exeter, in the reign of King Ethelred. " In the year
997> (during the same reign,) they came up the Tamar, and ravaged the
country as far as Lidford. ' Tavistock abbey was burnt by them during
this inroad." In 1001, the Danes, having landed at Exmouth, marched to
Exeter, which they besieged, but being disappointed in their attempt to

f Mat. West, and Sax. Chron. >> See Jo. Brompton, in Dec. Scrip, i. 850.

1 The Saxon Chronicle describes the battle as fought at Brunanburh, which Camden sup-
poses to be Ford, near Bromeridge, in Northumberland. Taking the whole into consideration,
it seems most probable, that Axminster, of which Branbury is said to have been the ancient
name, was the site of this great conflict. The name of Axminster evidently arose from the
n:inster, founded in consequence of this battle near the river Axe.

k Scrip, post. Bedam. 35. ■ Sax. Chron. Sim. Dunelm. J. Bromton. Mat. West.

m Sax. Chron. Mat. West.

gain

DEVONSHIRE. vii

gain possession of it, they laid waste the surrounding country. n At
Pinhoe, they were encountered by Cola, the King's commander-in-chief,
with such forces as he could hastily collect : the Danes were victorious ;
and the day after the battle burnt Pinhoe, Broad Clist, and other neigh-
bouring villages.0 They then returned with a great spoil to their ships.
In the year 1003, the Danes again landed at Exmouth, and besieging
Exeter, took it through the treachery or negligence of the governor, and
nearly destroyed the town. p

In IO67, Exeter held out against King William, but was yielded on the
approach of the monarch with his army. Q The next year, Godwin and
Edmund, sons of Harold, having landed in Somersetshire, committed great
spoil in Devon and Cornwall. r In 1069, the disaffected Saxons having
taken up arms in Devonshire, attempted to possess themselves of Exeter,
but the citizens, mindful of what had happened in IO67, refused to admit
them : the King sent some forces to their relief, by whom the Saxons were
defeated with great slaughter. '

It appears by the Domesday survey, that, not long before that survey
was taken, Thurlestone, Portlemouth, West Allington, Collaton-Prawle,
East Sewer, and other manors on the southern coast, were laid waste
by the Irish. Upon the accession of William Rufus, the favourers of
Robert, Duke of Normandy, took up arms, and Exeter was then laid waste
by Robert Eitz-Baldwin. ' Soon after Stephen came to the crown, in 1137,
Exeter Castle being held against him by Baldwin de Rivers, Earl of Devon,
underwent a long siege, and was at length surrendered to the King, the
garrison having been reduced to the greatest distress for want of water.
Some knights, who held Plympton Castle for the Earl, entered in the mean
time into treaty with the King for the surrender of that fortress ; and a
party of 200 men being sent to take possession of it, destroyed the castle,
and laid waste all the Earl's extensive manors, 1

Until the middle of the fiftenth century we find few events relating to
this county, and those connected with the sea-coast. The French made
several attacks upon the maritime towns, burning and plundering Teign-
mouth, Plymouth, and others/ During one of these attacks in 1404,

" Sim. Dunelm. Mat. West. • Sax. Chron. p Sax. Chron. Sim. Dunelm.

1 Ordericus Vitalis. ' Stowe. » Ordericus Vitalis.

• Ralph de Diceto. « Gesta Stephani, inter Norman. Scrip.

* Teignmouth, 1350 (Stowe). Plymouth in 1338, 1377, 1400, and 1403. Holinshed, &c.

they

viii DEVONSHIRE.

they were repulsed by the country people near Dartmouth ; Monsieur
Castell, their commander, with several others, being slain, and many
prisoners of rank taken. y The Lord of Pomiers burnt several towns in
Devon, in 1457. z It might be mentioned also that the Black Prince,
returning from his victorious expedition into France, in 1356, landed at
Plymouth with his illustrious prisoners, King John, and the Dauphin of
France.1

During the civil wars between the houses of York and Lancaster, this
county was much divided ; and although we have no record of any battle
fought in it, yet it appears that bloodshed sometimes ensued between
the partisans of the two houses. The roll of parliament, of the year
1455, speaks of several riots and murders committed in the west by
the Earl of Devon and Lord Bonville, who were near neighbours, the
former being a Lancastrian, and the latter a Yorkist. Some writers mention
a duel which took place that year between these noblemen on Clist Heath :
it was rather a combat, for they fought attended by numerous retainers,
who engaged in the conflict ; and several persons were killed on either
side. Lord Bonville was victorious, and the gates of Exeter were opened
to him and his party. b

In the year 1469, Lord Fitzwarren, Lord Dinham, and Lord Carew,
being assembled with a great force at Exeter, where the Duchess of
Clarence also then was, they were besieged by Hugh Courtenay, Earl of
Devon. The siege was raised by the mediation of the members of the
church. Shortly afterwards, happened the battle of Loosecote, in which
the Lancastrians were worsted. The Duke of Clarence and the Earl of
Warwick, retiring into Devonshire, sailed from Dartmouth to Calais :
about four months afterwards, returning to England with reinforcements,
they landed at Exmouth, Dartmouth, and Plymouth. A short time
before the battle of Tewksbury, in 1472, the Lancastrian forces from
Cornwall and Devonshire, under the command of Sir John Arundell and
Sir Hugh Courtenay', mustered at Exeter, whence they marched to the
fatal field.

In 1497, the Cornish rebels appeared before Exeter, but being repulsed
by the citizens, marched forwards towards Somersetshire. The same year
Exeter was besieged by Perkin Warbeck : the siege was raised by Edward

y Walsingham. r Stowe. a Walsingham.

b Holinshed. ' Ibid.

Courtenay,

DEVONSHIRE. ix

Courtenay, Earl of Devon, attended by several Devonshire knights, with
the posse comitatus: Warbeck and his followers marched towards
Taunton. d

In the year 1549, some serious commotions arose in Devonshire, occa-
sioned by the change of religion. It first broke out at Sampford Court-
enay on Whit-Monday, the day after the act for reforming the church-
service had been put in force. At first only some of the lower orders were
engaged, and they compelled the priest to say mass as had been accus-
tomed. By degrees the commotion began to assume a more serious
aspect, and the disaffected assembled all over this county and Cornwall.
Sir Peter and Sir Gawen Carew were then sent to quell the disturb-
ances. The rebels who had assembled at Crediton made trenches at
the town's end, and fortified some barns, which being set fire to by a
servant of Sir Hugh Pollard, they quitted the town and fled. This served
as a fresh cause for exasperating the people, who rose soon afterwards at
St. Mary Clist, and fortified that village and the bridge. They stopped
all the highways, and took several gentlemen of the country prisoners.
Ere long they were joined by some of the discontented gentry of
Devon and Cornwall, among whom were Sir Thomas Pomeroy, Mr. Berry,
and Mr. Coffin, of Devonshire, and Mr. Humphrey Arundell, and Mr.
Winslade of Cornwall. On the 2d of July, they began to besiege Exeter :
previously to this they had sent up to the King certain articles to
which they demanded his assent. An answer to these demands, dis-
cussing the subjects of complaint at considerable length, but refusing
to comply with their demands, and exhorting them to return to their
allegiance, was drawn up by the council on the 8th of July, and sent to
the rebels, but without effect. c Lord ltussell having been sent to suppress
the rebellion, marched into Devonshire with a considerable force, by way
of Honiton : here he was quartered for some time, during which he defeated
a body of the Cornish rebels near Feniton bridge, in which action Sir
Gawen Carew was wounded. Lord Russell being joined by some rein-
forcements under Lord Grey, on the 3d of August encamped on Wood-
bury down, and defeated a body of the rebels near the windmill. After
this, the rebels mustered from all quarters at Bishop's Clist, where they
entrenched themselves, and fortified the bridge. Lord Russell having at-

d Holinshed.

c These papers are printed at full length in Fox's Acts and Monuments, and in Holinshed's
Chronicle.

Vol. VI. b tacked

x DEVONSHIRE.

tacked them in their trenches: the rebels were for a while successful ; Sir
William Francis was slain, and the waggons with the royal treasure and
ammunition taken ; but the success was of short duration. Clist town
was set on fire by the King's forces, the bridge recovered, and the rebels
repulsed with great slaughter. They mustered again, being reinforced
from all quarters, upon Clist Heath, where they were totally defeated. The
siege of Exeter was in consequence raised, after it had been reduced to the
greatest distress. Lord Russell entered it, to the great joy of the inhabit-
ants, on the 6th of August. Arundell, Winslade, Berry, and most of
the ringleaders were taken and executed. Sir Thomas Pomeroy, who was
also taken prisoner to London, appears to have made his peace. Sir Peter
and Sir Gawen Carew and others were rewarded with the rebels' lands. f
In 1554, Mary being then Queen, we find Sir Peter and Sir Gawen Carew
up in arms to oppose the coming of Philip King of Spain, and we are
told that they took possession of the city and castle of Exeter. g It does
not appear what was the event of this insurrection, or whether the authors
of it suffered any punishment. Sir Peter and Sir Gawen Carew were both
living in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

At the commencement of the civil war, in the seventeenth century, the
whole of the county of Devon was in the hands of the committees, and
the majority of the inhabitants, particularly in the north part of the county,
attached to the cause of the parliament. " The important post of Plymouth,
during the absence of its governor, Sir Jacob Astley, whom the King
had appointed his Major-General of foot, was seized by the townsmen and
strongly fortified. The Earl of Ruthen was soon afterwards made governor.
Exeter was garrisoned by the parliament in October, 1612, and was the
head-quarters of their General, the Earl of Stamford. ' The head-quarters
of the small force which the royalists then had in Devon was at
Plympton. k In the month of December, Modbury castle, then held by
its owner, Mr. Champernowne, was taken by the Plymouth garrison. '
About the beginning of the year 1643, we find Sir George Chudleigh, an
active officer for the parliament, stationed at Tavistock with some troops
of horse raised in the county. m

f These particulars are taken from Hoker, who was living at Exeter during the time of
the siege.

s Stowe. I do not find this circumstance mentioned in any of the annals of Exeter.

h Clarendon's History, ii. 128. ' Vicars's Parliamentary Chronicle, i. 172.

k Vicars's Parliamentary Chronicle, 226. ' Ibid. m Clarendon, ii. 130.

After

DEVONSHIRE. xi

After the defeat of the parliamentary army at Bradock-down, nearLiskeard,
on the 19th of January, the royalists having taken Saltash, quartered them-
selves at Tavistock ; and Sir John Berkeley made incursions into various
parts of Devon, dispersing the parliamentarians in all directions. In
one of these expeditions, Mr. Sidney Godolphin was killed at Chag-
ford. " In the month of February, Sir Nicholas Slanning being entrenched
at Modbury with 2000 men, was defeated by the Devonshire clubmen,
and Sir Ralph Hopton, who had stationed himself before Plymouth, was
driven from his quarters by the Earl of Stamford. ° About this time a
treaty of peace for the counties of Devon and Cornwall was set on foot,
and a cessation of hostilities was agreed on. A general treaty was talked
of not long afterwards, but all conciliatory efforts proved ineffectual.

On the 25th of April, Major-General James Chudleigh, son of Sir George,
at that time an active officer for the parliament, and acting as com-
mander-in-chief for the Earl of Stamford, then laid up with the gout,
being on his return from an unsuccessful attempt upon Launceston, with
a small force, fell in with Sir Ralph Hopton's army on a down near
Bridestowe, which Vicars calls Reber-down, and Lord Clarendon, Bradock-
down, and totally defeated them. Lord Clarendon, who speaks of this
as a night-skirmish, says that it was the only interruption given to the
victorious progress of the Cornish army. Vicars, who describes it as a
brilliant action, proposes that a pyramid should be erected to commemorate
it, and offers an inscription, in which he states that only 108 of the par-
liamentary soldiers were engaged in the action. About the middle of
May, the Earl of Stamford marched into Cornwall, where the parlia-
mentary army was defeated at the battle of Stratton, on the 16th. Major-
General Chudleigh, who was accused of treacherous conduct in this
action, was taken prisoner. Induced, as it is said, by the kindness of his
captors, and the unjust accusations of his own party, he went over to the
royalists, and was killed at the siege of Dartmouth, under Prince Maurice,
on the 30th of September in the same year.

The King's forces, under Sir Ralph Hopton, called the Cornish army,
after the battle of Stratton marched into Devonshire, established some
small garrisons near Exeter, as a check upon that city, and advanced to
Tiverton, whence they dispossessed Colonel Weare. p

» Clarendon. ° Vicars, i. 271.

p John Were, Esq., of Halberton, who died in 1658.

b 2 Later

xii DEVONSHIRE.

Later in the summer, we are told, that the King had no force in this
county, except a small garrison at Columbjohn, the seat of Sir John
Acland, which was some check upon the garrison at Exeter. q Sir John
Berkeley was then sent into Devonshire with a regiment of horse, to
take the command of the King's forces, to recruit their numbers, and
take measures for blockading Exeter. After the capture of Bristol, Prince
Maurice was sent down into the west as commander-in-chief. He found
Sir John Berkeley's forces, much augmented by new levies from the
country, straitly besieging Exeter, with his guards close to the gates. '
The parliamentary Admiral, the Earl of Warwick, attempting to relieve
the city, took a fort of the King's at Apsham, (Topsham,) and brought
some ships up the river, but the attempt was unsuccessful ; three of the
ships being left by the falling of the tide, two of them were taken, and
one burnt. ' About the same time the parliament, who had a strong fort
at Appledore, garrisoned Barnstaple and Bideford ; their power being
thus strengthened in the north of the county, Colonel John Digby was
sent thither by the King with a regiment of horse. He fixed his quarters
at Torrington, where he soon procured reinforcements from Cornwall.
While stationed there, he was attacked by a considerable force from the
above-mentioned garrisons, under the command of Colonel Bennet. Colo-
nel Digby, whose force was much inferior, taking advantage of a sudden
panic which had seized the parliamentary soldiers at the commencement of
the skirmish, obtained an easy victory, and within a few days, in the
beginning of September, Appledore fort, Barnstaple, and Bideford, were
surrendered. '

The tide of success now ran high for the King in the west. Exeter
was surrendered on the 4th. u Colonel Digby was sent with a consider-
able force to block up Plymouth, and it was supposed that if Prince
Maurice had then marched thither with his army, it would have sur-
rendered. About this time Sir Alexander Carew, who commanded
the fort and island of St. Nicholas at this port, formed a design of
betraying it to the royalists, but his intentions having been discovered, he
was taken prisoner, sent to London, and beheaded on Tower Hill. Prince
Maurice having been advised to attack Dartmouth, which was esteemed
an easy conquest, marched thither, but found himself so far deceived in
his expectation, that it was not till after a month's siege, during which

i Clarendon/ii. 281. * Clarendon. ' Printed letter.

' Clarendon, Heath,' &c. n Dugdale and Whitelocke.

DEVONSHIRE. xiii

he lost great numbers of his men by sickness *, that this garrison was surrend-
ered (on the 4th of October y). The Prince then proceeded to Plymouth,
which in the mean time had received great reinforcements, whilst his own
army had been so much diminished. After a short time, Prince Maurice
left Colonel Digby in the command of the besieging army. The siege or
blockade of Plymouth was carried on for many months with various
success. Mount Stamford was taken by the royalists on the 6th of Novem-
ber, two assaults were made in the month of December with little success,
and the siege was then for a while abandoned. z Sir Richard Grenville
made several attempts upon Plymouth in the spring of 1644. About the
beginning of April he was defeated by Colonel Martin, the governor of St.
JBudeaux, and two companies were taken prisoners in the church. a

No military transaction took place in Devonshire this year, except
before Plymouth, till the arrival of the Earl of Essex with his army in
July. About this time, Barnstaple being left with a small garrison, the
townsmen rose and took possession of it. Prince Maurice sent Colonel
Digby to the relief of the garrison, but his party was repulsed by Lord
Roberts and Sir R. Stapleton, sent by the Earl of Essex to support
the townsmen. b The Earl of Essex fixed his quarters for a considerable
time at Tiverton : soon after his arrival, the Queen, who had been at
at Exeter since the month of April, and had lain in there, quitted that
city, and retired to France. Prince Maurice was with his army at
Oakhampton in the beginning of July : thence he marched to Creditor],
but quitted it on the approach of the Earl of Essex, and removed to
Heavitree c, near Exeter, then the chief royal garrison in the west. Soon
afterwards he appeared before Plymouth, but after a short stay he raised
the siege, and left the charge of the blockade to Sir Richard Grenville.
About the end of this month, Lord Henry Percy, who held Colyton for
the King, was dispossessed by the parliamentary garrison from Lyme. "
About this time Whitelocke speaks of a skirmish between a party of
Lord Essex's horse and Lord Pawlet, at Cheriton, in which- Lord
Pawlet having suffered much loss retreated to Exeter. e About this time
also the Earl of Essex, by the advice of Lord Roberts, determined to
march with his army into Cornwall : upon his approach Sir Richard Gren-

* Clarendon. r Dugdale and Whitelocke. z Vicars iii. 111.

> Vicars, iii. 215. » Ibid. iii. 265, 266.

c Walker's Historical Discourses, p. 42 J Vicars, in. 296.

« Page 92.

ville

xiv DEVONSHIRE.

ville retired from before Plymouth ; the Earl re-captured Mount Stamford,
took the royal garrison at Plympton, and Sir Richard Grenville's house
at Tavistock. f The King having determined to follow Essex into the
west, fixed his quarters on the 25th of July at Honiton ; on the 26th
lie came to Exeter, where he first saw his daughter Henrietta Maria ;
on the 27th, he reviewed Prince Maurice's forces at Crediton ; on the
30th, he was with his army at Oakhampton ; on the 31st at Lifton : thence
he marched into Cornwall, by way of Polston bridge. s

The particulars of the success of this expedition, and the dispersion of
the army of the Earl of Essex, have been spoken of in the History of
Cornwall. The Earl of Essex and Lord Roberts escaped to Plymouth,
and the latter was made governor of that garrison. A few days before the
capitulation of Essex's army, Colonel Middleton had arrived at Tiverton.
(August 29.) Sir William Balfour, with the fugitive horse, was quartered
at Egg Buckland ", on his route from Cornwall ; and we soon afterwards
find him skirmishing with Sir John Berkeley at Tiverton, of which town
Sir John had then possession. The King was at Tavistock with his army,
on his return from Cornwall, on the 8th of September ; and thence he sent
a message to parliament on the 9th. Accompanied by his nephew, Prince
Maurice, he then invested Plymouth, and summoned the town. On its
refusing to surrender, after holding a council of war, it was determined
not to attempt an assault, and the blockade was again committed to the
charge of Sir Richard Grenville. The King returned with his army to
Tavistock on the 14th, and marched thence to Oakhampton on the 16th ;
on the 17th they arrived at Exeter, and the army was quartered about
Bradninch, Crediton, &c. On the 23d they halted at Honiton, on their
route eastward. ' During the month of October, Ufracombe was taken
for the King by Sir Erancis Doddington ; Barnstaple surrendered to
General Goring on the 17th. k Sir Richard Cholmondeley, who had been
left at Axminster with a party of horse, was attacked by some parliament-
ary forces, and slain in the skirmish.1

In the month of January, 1645, Sir Richard Grenville made an assault
on Plymouth, in which some of the outworks were taken, but recovered
afterwards by the garrison, and the royalists repulsed with great loss.

f Vicars. s Walker's Historical Discourses, p. 45 — 49. h Walker.

1 Walker's Historical Discourses, whence all the dates and facts relating to the King's
progress are taken.

* Walker, p. 86. ' Ibid. 87.

About

DEVONSHIRE. xv

About the same time, Sydenham House, a garrison of the King's, in the
parish of Maristow, was taken by Colonel Holborn.ra In February, the
garrison at Plymouth gained fresh advantages ; Mount Stamford was re-
taken on the 18th, and Sir Richard Grenville defeated on the 24th. n Sir
Richard was superseded in his command, and the blockade entrusted to
Sir John Berkeley, in the montli of June. In the same month, Prince
Charles was resident for a while at Barnstaple, and there heard the tid-
ings of the fatal battle of Naseby. ° Whitelocke relates, that, in September,
1645, the clubmen of Devon declared for the parliament.

From this time, nothing but a series of disastrous events happened to
the royal party in Devonshire : nor is it to be wondered at, that these dis-
asters should have been hastened by the cruelties and oppressions of Sir
Richard Grenville, the licentious conduct of Lord Goring, and the dis-
sensions between all the King's generals. p

Lord Goring having been defeated by Sir Thomas Fairfax, in Somerset-
shire, had retired to Barnstaple in the month of July. The Prince was at
Exeter in August and September. In the latter month the blockade ot
Plymouth was again entrusted to General Digby.

In the midst of the various dissensions which prevailed among the royal
cenerals in the west, Sir Thomas Fairfax, commander-in-chief of the
parliamentary army, entered Devonshire, and pursued his victorious career,
till he had reduced every town and fortress in the county. Lord Goring,
who had been quartered at Poltimore, with 1500 horse, retired into Exeter :
he afterwards removed to Newton Bushell, Totnes, and Dartmouth. From
the latter place, having quitted his command, he sailed to France.

Sir Thomas Fairfax having entered Devon, halted at Honiton on the
14th of October. The King's forces, which were stationed at Ottery St.
Mary, Collumpton, &c, retreated. On the 15th, General Massey was
sent forwards to besiege Tiverton. Fairfax advanced with his army to
Bradninch on the 16th ; and on the 18th, he advanced in person to the
sie-e of Tiverton. The next day, the church and castle were stormed
and taken. After the reduction of Tiverton, the General and his army
removed to Silverton, which they reached on the 20th; on the 22d, they

- Vicars, iv. 96. » Ibid. iv. 112. • Clarendon. ? Ibid

i Sprigge's England's Recovery, whence most of the events relating to the exped.tion ot

Sir Thomas Fairfax are taken.

marched

xvi DEVONSHIRE.

marched to Newton St. Cyres. They removed to Crediton on the 23d ;
on Sunday the 26th, again to Silverton ; and on the 27th, to Topsham.

Poltimore, Bishop's Clist, and Stoke Canon, were made garrisons for
the parliament. From the 19th of November to the 6th of December,
Fairfax's army was quartered at O ttery St. Mary. During this time, a
great sickness prevailed there, to which, among others, Colonel Pickering,
a distinguished officer, fell a sacrifice. When Fairfax stationed his army at
Ottery, Sir Richard Grenville was with the King's forces at Oakhampton,
and had thrown up some entrenchments to secure himself in that town,
but about the end of November he retired into Cornwall. '

Sir Thomas Fairfax removed his army to Tiverton on the 6th of
December. A council of war was held at that place on Sunday the 7th.
On the 8th, he took possession of Crediton, where Sir Hardress Waller
was left with some regiments of foot. During the month of December,
Sir Thomas Fairfax took three strong garrisons of the King's ; Fulford
House, Canon Teign, and Callyntyn House. s The command of Fulford
and Canon Teign was given to Colonel Okey. Powderham was at-
tempted, but at first without success : a temporary garrison was formed by
the besiegers in the church, and victualled from Nutwell House, a gar-
rison of the parliament, but soon evacuated. During the same month,
Colonel Okey had a skirmish with some of the King's forces near Chulm-
leigh, and took Lord Chichester's house at Eggesford. Sir Thomas Fairfax
held a rendezvous of his army at Cadbury fort, on the 26th of December.
Ashburton was taken on the 29th, and garrisoned for the parliament.

On the 1st or 2d of January, \6i6, Canterbury! fort, near Plymouth,
and St. Budeaux church and church-yard, both strongly fortified, were
taken by the garrison at Plymouth. ° Tiverton continued to be the head-
quarters of the parliamentary army till the 8th of January. About this
time, the principal strength of the King's forces in the west, except the
garrison at Exeter, was under the command of Lord Wentworth, and
stationed in the neighbourhood of Ashburton. On the Sth of January,
Fairfax marched with his army to Moreton ; the same day there was a
skirmish at Bow, in which Sir Hardress Waller took several prisoners. In the

' Clarendon.

s I have not met with any account of a house of this name, nor can I learn where it was :
it is described in the Chronicles as situated on the river, west of Exeter.

• Kinterbury, in the parish of St. Budeaux. « Sprigge ; and Vicars, iv. 340.

evening

DEVONSHIRE. xvii

evening of the 9th, Cromwell, with a detachment of the parliamentary
army, fell in with part of Lord Wentworth's brigade stationed at Bovey
Tracey, and dispersed them. Ilsington » church was for a while occupied
as a place of retreat by some of the fugitives, but quitted on Cromwell's
approach. On the 10th, Fairfax was with his army at Ashburton.
Prince Charles, who had been residing for some time at Tavistock, now
withdrew into Cornwall ; and about the same time the blockade of Ply-
mouth was wholly abandoned. z

On the 15th of January, when the King's cause was almost hopeless,
Lord Hopton was made commander-in-chief in the west. Totnes was
quitted on the approach of Sir Thomas Fairfax, who halted there on his
march to Dartmouth. On the 12th, he sent two regiments to besiege
that town, which was stormed by him in person on the 18th, when
it was taken with the castle, Townstall church, Mount Boone, and
King's Weare fort, assisted by the fleet under Admiral Batten. The
army moved onwards on the 19th. Charles fort, at Salcombe, was sum-
moned on the 23d, but held out some months longer. The army returned
to Totnes on the 21st, marched to Newton Bushell on the 24th, and to Chud-
leigh on the 25th. On that day, Powderham Castle was taken by Colonel
Hamond ; but it seems to have been retaken, and again garrisoned for
the King, since Vicars relates the surrender of that castle to Sir Hardress
Waller, about the end of March, and gives the particulars. Soon after
Colonel Hamond took Powderham, the royalists are said to have aban-
doned a garrison at St. Peter Byrne's. " Sir Thomas Fairfax summoned
Exeter on the 27th of January, without effect : after this he was diverted
to the north of Devon. Sir Hardress Waller began the blockade of
Exeter on the 9th of February. Barley House was garrisoned by him
during this month, and Reymouth House b, (within a mile of Exeter).
Colonel Shapcote began to blockade Exmouth fort. Alphington was the
head-quarters of the besieging army. c

Sir Thomas Fairfax was with his army at Crediton, from the 10th to
the 14th of February ; from thence he advanced, by way of Chulmleigh,
towards Torrington, in which town Lord Hopton had just established

>' Erroneously called Ellington. z Clarendon.

a Whitelocke. This must have been Mamhead, then Sir Peter Ball's.

!' I have not been able to hear of any house of this name, or at all resembling it, near
Exeter. c Sprigge.

Vol. VI. c his

xviii DEVONSHIRE.

his head-quarters. Having held a rendezvous of his army at Ash
Reigny on the morning of the 16th, and on his march taken Mr. Rolle's
house at Stevenstone, then occupied by a party of the King's dragoons,
on the same night he attacked Lord Hopton in his quarters, and totally
defeated his army. Lord Hopton and Lord Capel were both wounded in
the action. About 200 prisoners were the next day blown up in the
the church. i A thanksgiving was appointed for this victory, which in-
deed seems to have been the death-blow of the power of the royalists in
the west.

On the 17th of February, Sir Thomas Fairfax sent a party to take pos-
session of Holsworthy, then occupied by some of the King's forces : on
the 19th, he placed a garrison in Tawstock House, and returned to Ste-
venstone, the quarters at Torrington being inconvenient, on account of the
accident which had happened to the church.

On the 15th of March, Exmouth fort was surrendered. e On the 25th,
Sir Thomas Fairfax visited the garrison at Plymouth, and went thence to
Oakhampton : there he was met by the army from Launceston, which
halted in that town on the 28th. The next day the general advanced
with the army to Crediton, which he quitted on the 30th. At this
time Heavitree was occupied by the besieging army. On the 31st, Sir
Thomas Fairfax was at Columbjohn, the army being quartered at Silver-
ton. ' A treaty, relative to the surrender of Exeter, was begun at Polti-
more, on the 3d of April. Previously to the commencement of this treaty,
three forts had been delivered into the General's hands : St. Downes s, on
the north side of Exeter, Mount Radford, and a very large house in St.
Thomas's parish. The treaty was carried on till the 9th, on which day
the city was surrendered on articles, by Sir John Berkeley, the governor.

On the 10th of April, Sir Thomas Fairfax appeared before Barnstaple ;
and on the following day, that town and the castle were surrendered on
nearly the same terms as Exeter. " Sir Thomas Fairfax marched thence
to Exeter, which city he entered with his victorious army, on the 14th :
here he stayed till the 18th, when having incorporated the men raised by
Colonel Shapcote, Colonel Were, and Colonel Frye, into one regiment,
he left it to garrison the city, under the command of Colonel Hamond.

d Sprigge. e Vicars, iv. 404. ' Sprigge.

s Vicars, iv. 407. The fort of Dowries was in the parish of St. David.
'■' Sprigge.

Mount

DEVONSHIRE. xix

Mount Edgecumbe surrendered to Colonel Hamond on the 21st of April. '
This was the last garrison in Devonshire which held out for the King,
except Charles fort, at Salcombe Regis, which was defended by its gal-
lant governor, Sir Edmund Eortescue, till the beginning of June, when it
surrendered on honourable terms to Colonel Welden, the governor of
Plymouth. k

This county became memorable, in 1688, as having witnessed the firs*,
scenes of the happy revolution of that year. The Prince of Orange landed
at Torbay, on the 5th of November, and immediately rode to Ford, the
house of Sir William Courtenay, near Newton Abbot, where he stayed till
the 8th. ' On that day he made a public entry into Exeter m : the next
day he went to the cathedral, where he returned thanks for his safe arrival.
After Te Deum had been sung, the Prince's declaration was read by his
chaplain, Dr. Burnet, afterwards Bishop of Salisbury. The Prince re-
mained several days at Exeter, before any of the principal persons of the
county came in to him. An association is said to have been signed in
the cathedral on the 17th. On the 21st, the Prince quitted Exeter, ac-
companied by several gentlemen of Somersetshire and Devonshire ; and
having dined that day at Ottery, proceeded to Axminster, where he re-
mained four days. " A small garrison was placed at Exeter, under the
command of Sir Edward Seymour.

Teignmouth was burnt by the French in the year 1690.° It may be here
mentioned, that the great military hero of that day, the Duke of Marlbo-
rough, was a native of Devonshire, having been born at Ash, in the parish
of Musbury, the seat of his maternal grandfather, Sir John Drake.

In the year 1719, in consequence of the great preparations made by the
French, for the invasion of England, several regiments of horse and foot
were sent into Devonshire, and there was an encampment on Clist heath. ?

In the year 1779, the combined fleets having appeared off" Plymouth
caused a great alarm, especially on account of the dock-yard, and the

I Whitelocke, 207.

k See Whitelocke, who says June I., and Vicars (iv. 436.), who speaks of the surrender as
having happened about the 3d.

1 Tract printed in the Harleian Miscellany, vol. i. p. 438.

m The account of the procession, quoted in p. 188. of the Parochial History, was originally
printed in this tract, in 1688.

n See the above-mentioned tract.

0 See the account of that place. p Jenkins.

c 2 numerous

DEVONSHIRE.

numerous prisoners of war then collected at that port. The prisoners were
removed to Exeter ; and William Bastard, Esq., of Kitley, who had, Avith
great spirit, on the first appearance of danger, raised a corps of volunteers,
commanded them on their march. For his active and prompt exertions upon
this occasion, the King, without any previous communication of his design,
ordered a baronet's patent to be made out for him. The citizens of Exeter
also raised a corps of volunteers to guard the prisoners, who were con-
fined in the county Bridewell, given up by the justices for that purpose.
Several regiments of volunteers were raised in Devon during the expect-
ation of a French invasion, in 179S ; and the following year, cannon were
brought from Plymouth for the defence of Exeter, and a camp was formed
on Woodbury down, the park of artillery being stationed within the an-
cient entrenchment. These preparations were repeated in 1803, and a
camp again formed on Woodbury down, Lieut.-General Simcoe having
the chief command of the district.

Civil Division of the County.

In the Exeter survey of Domesday, we find mention of at least 3S
hundreds into which Devonshire was then divided. At p. 59. of the printed
survey occurs a list of the hundreds, with the number of hides in each,
but in this list some hundreds are omitted, which are mentioned in p. 56.
and 57. The list from p. 59- to p. 65. contains 30 hundreds, with the
number of hides in each as follows :

Hundreds.

No. of Hides.

Hundreds.

No. of Hides.

Hundreds.

No. of Hides.

Alleridge <i

Culintone

f 25 and 3
\ virgates.

Plintone

Axemenistre

Sutmoltone

Axemuda

f9andl

|_virgate.

Dippeforde

Sulfertone

Esseministre

Taintone

Badentone

Framintone

Tautone

Brauntoneandl
Scirewelle J

Hamioke

Twertone

Hasbertone r

18 },

Toritone

Cadelintone

Hertilande

20"

Walchentone

Carsewille

Liftone

Wenfort

Chridiatone

Mertone

Witric

Clistone

Offecolum

In pages 56. and 57. we find mention of Budeleie, Clawetone, Herme-
tone, Hertesbie, Mollande, Otrie, Rueberge, Tainebruge, Tulvertone,

1 Probably Harrige, or Hayridge.

> At p. 57. written Halbreton.

and

DEVONSHIRE.

xxi

and Wetrigge : supposing the two last to have been the same, as it is
probable they were, as Twertone (Tiverton), and Witric (Witheridge),
it will make the number, as before mentioned, 38.

In the Hundred Roll, temp. Edw. I., 32 hundreds are recorded, besides
the hundred of Lovetot, incidentally mentioned in p. 70. as appertaining
to the manor of Fremington, and co-extensive with that manor.

The others are

Axeministre

Exminstre

Axemue

Fremington

Baunton

Harrige

Blaka Toriton

Hauberton

Braunton

Haytorr

BudJele

Hemyok

Cliston

Hertilande

Colrige

Lifton

Cridiaton

Nortauton

Ermyntone

Plympton

Rouburg

Schefbeare

Stanburg

Sudmolton

Syrewell

Tavystoke

Teynebrugg or Tingebrugg

Womford or Wonford

Wynklegh

Wyrugg or "Wytherugg.

As the hundreds, in which the several manors are situated, are not spe-
cified either in the Exchequer or in the Exeter Domesday, it wou-ld be
impossible to ascertain the respective situations or contents of the ancient
hundreds, whose names are not now retained. Carswelle, Dippeforde,
and Mertone, probably occupied nearly the same situation as Haytorr,
Stanborough, and Shebbeare, which are not in the Domesday list ; Ax-
minster and Axmouth have been united in one, sometime called the
hundred of Axminster and Axmouth, but now generally Axminster only.

The names of the modern hundreds, 33 in number % with their re-
spective lords, are given in the following table : —

Axminster

s The county is divided into three districts, called the North, East, and South divisions, in
which the hundreds are thus distributed :

North.

Witheridge
North Taw ton
Black Torrington
Shebbear
Winkleigh
Hart] and
Sherwell
South Molton
Braunton
Fremington.

East.

Hay ridge

Hemyocke

Tiverton

Bampton

Halberton

East Budleigh

Colyton

Axminster

Cliston

Ottery St. Mary.

South.

Stanborough

Coleridge

Wonford

Haytor

West Budleigh

Plympton

Tavistock

Lifton

Crediton

Teignbridge

Exminster

Ermington

Roborough.

xxu

DEVONSHIRE.

Axminster - - Lord Petre.

Bampton - - Honourable Newton Fellowes

Black Torrington - G. P. M. Young, Esq.

Braunton - - Lord Rolle.

Cliston - - Sir T. D. Acland, Bart.

Coleridge - - Earl Morley.

Colyton - - Sir William Templer Pole, Bart.

Crediton - - Benjamin Cleave, Esq.

East Budleigh - Lord Rolle.

Ermington - - John Bulteel, Esq.

Exminster - - Lord Viscount Courtenay.

Fremington - - G. A. Barbor, Esq.

Halberton - - Richard Hall Clarke, Esq.

Hartland - - Rev. T. H. Morrison.

Hayridge - - Albany Savile, Esq., M. P.

Haytor - - Mrs. Dorothy Brown, widow.

Hemiock - - Mrs. Simcoe, widow of General Simcoe.

Lifton - - W. A. Harris, Esq.

North Tawton - Honourable Newton Fellowes.

Ottery - - Rev. Samuel How.

Plympton - - Earl Morley.

Roborough - - Sir M. M. Lopes, Bart.

Shebbear - - The Sheriff of Devon for the time being.

Sherwell - - Sir Arthur Chichester, Bart.

South Molton - Earl Fortescue.

Stanborough - - John Bulteel, Esq.

Tavistock - - The Duke of Bedford.

Teignbridge - - Lord Clifford.

Tiverton - - Sir Henry Carew, Bart.

West Budleigh - Albany Savile, Esq., M.P.

Winkleigh - - Sir T. B. Lethbridge, Bart.

Witheridge - - Honourable Newton Fellowes.

Wonford - - Albany Savile, Esq., M. P.

Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction and Division of the County.

Upon the ecclesiastical division of the kingdom, which took place in
703 ', Devonshire formed part of the diocese of Sherbourne. About the
year 910 this diocese was subdivided, and Devonshire constituted a diocese of
itself, the bishop having his see at Crediton. About the year 1040 the bishop-
ric of Cornwall was united to it, at the solicitation of Livingus, the bishop
of Devonshire. His successor, Bishop Leofric, in 1050, removed the see
from Crediton to Exeter, where it has ever since continued. The diocese
is divided into four archdeaconries, of which Cornwall is one. Devon-
shire is divided into the archdeaconries of Exeter, Barnstaple, and Totnes,
and subdivided into 23 deaneries, which are thus distributed : —

Ayles-
1 Before this period, the whole southern part of the kingdom, from Kent to the extremity
of Cornwall, was under one bishop.

DEVONSHIRE.

XX1U

Archdeaconry of Exeter.

Aylesbeare

Cadbury

Christianity or Exeter

Dunkeswell

Dunsford

Honiton

Kenne

Plymtree

Tiverton.

Archdeaconry of Barnstaple.

Barum or Barnstaple

Chulmleigh

Hertland

Shirwell

South Molton

Torrington.

Archdeaconry of Totnea.

Holsworthy

Ipplepen

Moreton

Okehampton

Tamerton

Tavistock

Totton or Totnes

Woodleigh.

Camden, from Wolsey's list, makes the number of parishes in this county
to be 394. u Including subordinate or daughter churches, the chapelries
belonging to which are now esteemed and called separate parishes, the pre-
sent number is 4-7 1 ; and I cannot understand how it should ever have been so
small as 394, since that of the chapelries, just spoken of, does not exceed 41 .
Two ancient parishes, Wolverchurch or Wolford church, and Sticklepath,
formerly rectories, are now wholly annihilated as parishes, nor are they even
deemed chapelries, although there is a chapel at Sticklepath, at which
Divine service is occasionally performed. Rousedown has only a dilapidated
church ; Blackborough Bolhay, not even the ruins of a church.

Not taking into the account the 41 subordinate or daughter churches, the
number of benefices in the county is 430 ; of which 258 (a much greater
proportion than in some counties) are rectories ; 130 vicarages ; and 42
donatives or curacies. Of the two latter, 108 were appropriated to monas-
teries, and the tithes are now, for the most part, in lay hands.

Above 40 benefices have been appropriated, from early times, to eccle-
siastical bodies, in which they are still vested ; as the bishop, the dean
individually, the dean and chapter, the chancellor, precentor, and vicars
choral of Exeter cathedral, the churches of Windsor and Sarum, and
Eton college.

Six churches are in the peculiar jurisdiction of the bishop ; 22 (inclu-
ding eight daughter churches) in that of the dean and chapter ; one
(Braunton) in that of the dean ; one other (Woodbury) in that of the
vicars choral ; and one other (Uffculme) in that of the dean and chapter
of Sarum.

The office of dean rural is, in this diocese, an efficient office, the deans
rural being elected annually at the visitations.

u Westcote says, that there were only 381 parishes, in 1371, when the clergy voted the King
an aid of 50,000/., to be levied at so much each parish.

Table

XXIV

DEVONSHIRE.

Table of Parishes.

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory
3r Vicar-
age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory
or Vicar-
age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Abbotsham -

Sbebbear

Hertland

Bittadon

Braunton

Shirwell

EastAllington

Stanborough

Woodleigh

Blackauton -

Coleridge

Totton

West Ailing-
ton

Stanborough

Woodleigh

Blackborough
Bolhayf -

}»■

Hayridge

Plymtree

Alphington -

Wonford

Kenne

North Bovey

Teignbridge -

Moreton

Alverdiscott -

Fremington -

Hertland

Bovey Tracey

Teignbridge -

Moreton

Alwington
East Anstey -

R.
R.

Shebbear
South Molton

Hertland
South Molton

Bradford

"•{

Black Tor-1
rington -J

Holsworthy

West Anstey -

South Molton

Bradninch

Hayridge

Plymtree

Arlington

Sherwill

Shirwell

Bradstone

Lifton -

Tavistock

Asliburton
Ashbury - -
Ashcombe

V. jTeignbridge -
R f| Black Tor-1
"l rington -j
R. Exminster

Moreton

Okehampton

Kenne

Bradwortliy -

Brampford
Speke

Black Tor-1
rington - j

Wonford

Holsworthy
Cadbury

Ashford - -

Braunton

Shirwell

Branscomb

Colyton

Aylesbeare

Ashprington -

Coleridge

Totton

Bratton Clo-

!»•

Lifton -

Ash Reigney

North Tawton

Dunsford

velly -

Okehampton

Ashton -
Ashwater

Exminster
Black Tor- \
rington - j

Dunsford
Holsworthy

Bratton Flem-
ing -
Braunton

Braunton
Braunton

Shirwell
Shirwell

Atherington -

North Tawton

Barnstaple

High Bray

Sherwill

Shirwell

AvetonGiffard

Ermington

Woodleigh

Brendon

Sherwill

Shirwell

Awliscombe -

Hemiock

Dunkeswell

South Brent -

Stanborough -

Totton

Axminster

Honiton

Brent Tor

Tavistock

Axmouth

Axminster

Honiton

Bridestowe -

Lifton -

Tavistock

Aylesbeare -

East Budleigh

Aylesbeare

Bridford

Wonford

Dunsford

Bampton f
Barnstaple

V.
V.

Bampton
Braunton

Tiverton
Barnstaple

Bridgrule

"■ {

Black Tor-1
rington - J

Holsworthy

Beaford

Shebbear

Torrington

Brixham

Haytor

lpplepen

Beaworthy

Beer Ferrers

Black Tor- J

rington - j

Roborough -

Okehampton
Tamerton

Brixton
Broadwood
Kelly

Plympton
Black Tor-\
rington -j

Plympton
Okehampton

Belston -

»•{

Black Tor-1
rington -J

Okehampton

Broadwood-
Wiger

Lifton -

Tavistock

Berry Nerber

Braunton

Shirwell

Brushford

North Tawton

Chulmleigh

Berry Pome-
roy _ -

\"-

Haytor

lpplepen

Buckerell

Buckfastleigh

V.
V.

Hemiock

Stanborough -

Plymtree
Totton

* Bickington,

* Buckland in

appendant to

[

Teignbridge -

Moreton

the Moor,

)

Asliburton -

appendant

}

Haytor -

Moreton

Abbots Bick-
ington - -

jcj

Black Tor-j
rington -J

Holsworthy

to Aslibur-
ton -

)

High Bicking-
ton -

}"■

North Tawton

Barnstaple

Buckland
Brewer

}v-

Shebbear

Hertland

Bickleigh

Hayridge

Tiverton

East Buckland

Braunton

Shirwell

Bickleigh

Roborough •

Tamerton

Egg Buckland

Roborough -

Tamerton

Bickton -
Bideford

R.
R.

East Budleigh
Shebbear

Aylesbeare
Hertland

Buckland Fil-
leigh -

}=•

Shebbear

Torrington

Bigbury - -

Ermington

Woodleigh

f In this parish is the chapel of Petton.

% The church of this parish is dilapidated.

DEVONSHIRE.

XXV

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory
or Vicar-
age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory
or Vicar

age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Buckland

Chulmleigh -

Witheridge -

Chulmleigh

Monacho-

Itoborough -

Tamerton

Churchstow -

Stanborough -

Woodleigh

rum

* Churston

* Buckland
Toussaints,

Ferrers, ap-
pendant to

Haytor -

Ipplepen

appendant

Coleridge

Woodleigh

Brixham -

to Loddis-
well

Clannabo-
rough

j„j

North Taw- \
ton -J

Chulmleigh

West Buck-
land -

JR.

Braunton

Shirwell

Clawton

c.j

Black Tor- )
rington - j

Holsworthy

East Budleigh

Aylesbeare

Clayhanger -

Bampton

Tiverton

* St. Budock,

]

Clay-hydon -

Hemiock

Dunkeswell

appendant

Broad ClistJ

Cliston

Aylesbeare

to St. An-
drew, Ply-

Roborough -

Plympton

Clist St.
George

East Bud- 1
leigh -j

Aylesbeare

mouth.

Clist Hydon

Cliston

Plymtree

* Bulkworthy,
appendant
toBuckland
Brewer

{

Shebbear

Hertland |

Honiton Clist

Clist St. Lau-
rence

East Bud- 1
leigh -j

Cliston

Aylesbeare
Plymtree

Bundleigh
Burlescombef

R.
V.

North Tawton
Bampton

Chulmleigh
Tiverton

Clist St. Mary

»•!

East Bud- ]
leigh - j

Aylesbeare

Burrington -

North Tawton

Chulmleigh

Clovelly

Hartlandf

Hertland

Butterleigh -

Cliston

Plymtree

Cockington -

Haytor

Ipplepen

Cadbury

Hay ridge

Cadbury

* Coffinswell,

Cadleigh
Calverleigh -

R.
R.

Hayridgc
Tiverton

Cadbury
Tiverton

appendant -
to St. Mary

Haytor -

Ipplepen

Abbots Cars-
well - -

Haytor

Ipplepen

Church
Colebrooke -

Crediton

Cadbury

* King's Cars-

Coleridge

North Tawton

Plymtree

well, ap-

)

Collumpton -

Hayridge

Plymtree

pendaat to

}

Haytor

Ipplepen

Colyton

Honiton

St. Mary
Church

Colyton Ra-
leigh

East Bud- 1
leigh -j

Aylesbeare

Chagford
Challocombe

R.
R.

Wonford
Sherwill

Dunsford

Shirwell

Comb in
Teignhead

i R.

Wonford

Kenne

Charles -

Sherwill

Shirwell

Comb Martin

Braunton

Shirwell

Charleton

Coleridge

Woodleigh

Comb Pyne -

Axminster

Honiton

Chawleigh

North Tawton

Chulmleigh

Comb Raleigh

Axminster

Dunkeswell

Cheldon

Witheridge -

South Molton

* Cookbury,

)

Cheriton Bi-
shop -

J„

Wonford

Dunsford

appendant
to Milton

[ 1

Black Tor- j
rington -J

Holsworthy

Cheriton Fitz-

}r.I

West Bud-1
leigh - J

Cadbury j

Damarell -

)

paine

Cornwood

Ermington

Plympton

Chittlehamp-
ton

South Mol-|
ton - ]

Barnstaple

Cornworthy -
Coryton

V.
R.

Coleridge
Lifton

Totton
Tavistock

* Chivelstone,

Cotleigh

Colyton

Honiton

appendant
to Stoken-

Coleridge

Woodleigh

Countesbury -
Creacomb

C.
R.

Sherwill
Witheridge -

Shirwell
South Molton

ham -

)

Crediton

Kenne

Christow

Wonford

Dunsford

Culmstock

\ .

Hemiock

Tiverton

Chudleigh

Exrainster

Kenne

Dartington -

Stanborough

Totton

f In this parish is the chapel of Ayshford. J In this parish is the chapel of Columbjohn.

§ The hundred is usually spelt Hartland ; the deanery Hertland.

Vol. VI. d

XXVI

DEVONSHIRE.

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory

or Vicar

age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory
or Vicar-
age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Dartmouth

Exeter, cont.

,;' St. Saviour,
appendant

St. Stephen
Trinity

I:}

Wonford

Exeter

toTownstall

■

Coleridge

Totton

Exminster

Kenne

* St. Petrock,

Farringdon

East Budleigh

Aylesbeare

to Stoke-

•

Farway -

Colyton

Honiton

Fleming

Feniton

Hayridge

Plymtree

* St. David's,

Filleigh -

Braunton

Barnstaple

appendant

Wonford

Exeter

Fremington -

Barnstaple

to Heavitree

Frithelstock -

Shebbear

Hertland

Dawlish

Exminster

Kenne

Georgeham -

Braunton

Shirwell

Dean Prior -

Stanborougb -

Totton

* Germans-

Denbury

Haytor

Ipplepen

wick, ap-

)

Diptford

Stanborough -

Totton

pendant to

Lifton

Okehampton

Dittisham

Coleridge

Totton

Broadwood

Dodbrooke -

Coleridge

Woodleigh

Wiger

)

Doddescomb-
leigh

}*.

Exminster

Dunsford

Gidley

St. Giles, see

Wonford

Dunsford

Dolton -

North Tawton

Torrington

Stow

(

Trigg Major,

Dowland

North Tawton

Torrington

St. Giles in

Jcj

Black Tor- I

in the arch-

East Dovvne -

Braunton

Shirwell

the Heath -

rington - |

deaconry of

West Dovvne

Braunlon

Shirwell

(

Cornwall

Downe St.
Mary

North Taw- 1
ton - - J

Cadbury

Gittisham
Goodleigh

East Budleigh
Braunton

Honiton
Shirwell

Dunchidiock

Exminster

Kenne

Haccombe

Wonford

Kenne

Dunkeswell -

Hemiock

Dunkeswell

Halberton

Tiverton

Dunsford
Dunterton

V.
R.

Wonford
Lifton

Dunsford
Tavistock i

Halwell

,,{

Black Tor-1
rington -J

Holsworthy

Eggesford

North Tawton

Chulmleigh i

* Halwell, ap-

Ermington

R.&V

Ermington

Plympton

pendant to

Coleridge

Totton

Exbourne

,,{

Black Tor- 7
rington -j

Oakhampton

Harberton -
Harberton

Jv.

Exeter

Harford

Ermington

Plympton

Allhallows -

Harpford

East Budleigh

Aylesbeare

Alihallows

Hartland

Hertland

on the

Hanvood

Fremington -

Barnstaple

Wall
St. Edmund

Hatherleigh -

Black Tor- \
rington -J

Okehampton

on the

Heanton Pun-

Ik.

Braunton

Shirwell

Bridge -

chardon

St. George

Heavitree

Wonford

Exeter

St. John -
St. Kerrian

R.
R.

Broad Hem-
bury -

}v-

Hayridge

Plymtree

St. Lau-

„ .

Wonford

Exeter

Hemiock f -

Hemiock

Dunkeswell

rence
St. Martin -

R-
R.

Broad Hernp-
ston -

I1'-

Haytor

Ipplepen

St. Mary-
Arches -

Little Hemp-
ston -

}H.

Haytor

Ipplepen

St. Mary .

Hennock

Teignbridge -

Moreton

Major
St. Mary

Highampton -

E.{

Black Tor-1
rington -J

Holsworthy

Steps

* High week J,

)

St. Olave -
St. Paneras

P..
R.

appendant
to King's

Teignbridge -

Moreton

St. Paul -

Teignton -

St. Petrock

R.j

Hittisleigh

Wonford

Dunsford

f In this parish is the chapel of Culm Davy. % Newton Bushell, is a chapel to Highweek.

DEVONSHIRE.

XX vn

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory

or Vicar

age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory

or Vicar

age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Hockworthy -

Bampton

Tiverton

Landkey

South Molton

Barnstaple

Holbeton

Ermington

Plympton

Langtree

Shebbear

Torrington

Holcombe
Burnell

Wonford

Dunsford

Lapford

St. Leonard -

R.
R.

North Tawton
Wonford

Chulmleigh
Exeter

Holcombe
Rogus

}.«•

Bampton

Tiverton

North Lew -

,,{

Black Tor-]
rington -j

Okehampton

Hollacombe -

E.{

Black Tor-1
rington -J

Holsworthy

Lew Trench-
ard -

>»•

Lifton -

Tavistock

Holne -

Stanborough -

Totton

Lidford

Lifton -

Tavistock

Holsworthy -

Black Tor-1
rington -j

Holsworthy

Lifton -
Limpstone

R.
R.

Lifton -
East Budleigh

Tavistock
Aylesbeare

Honeychurcb

E.{

Black Tor-1
rington -J

Okehampton

Linton -

Littleham

C.
V.

Sherwill
East Budleigh

Shirwell
Aylesbeare

Honiton f

Axminster

Honiton

Littleham

Shebbear

Hertland

Huisli -

Shebbear

Torrington

iLoddiswell

Stanborough

Woodleigh

North Huish -

Stanborough -

Plympton

jLoxbear

Tiverton

* South Huish,

}

'Loxhore

Sherwill

Shirwell

appendant
to West Al-

Stanborough -

Woodleigh

Luffincott

a.|

Black Tor- ]
rington -J

Holsworthy

lington

Luppit -

Axminster

Dunkeswell

Hunshaw

Fremington -

Barnstaple

Lustleigh

Teignbridge -

Moreton

Huntsham

Tiverton

(

East, in Corn-

East in the

Huxham

Wonford

Aylesbeare

Maker -

wall, and

Archdea-

Ide

Exminster

Kenne

Roborough,

conry of

Ideford

Teignbridge -

Moreton

in Devon -

Cornwall

Iddesleigh

Shebbear

Torrington

Mamhead

Exminster

Kenne

Ilfracombe

Braunton

Shirwell

Manaton

Teignbridge -

Moreton

Ilsington

Teignbridge -

Moreton

*Marlborough

Instow -

R.
R.{

Fremington -

Barnstaple

appendant

Stanborough

Woodleigh

Inwardsleigh -

Black Tor- 1
rington -j

Okehampton

to West Al-
lington

)

Ipplepen

Haytor

Ipplepen

* Marldon, ap-

Jacobstow

».{

Black Tor-1
rington -j

Okehampton

pendant to
Paignton -

Haytor

Ipplepen

Kelly -

Lifton -

Tavistock

Martinhoe

Sherwill

Shirwell

Kenne -

Exminster

Kenne

Marwood

Braunton

Shirwell

Kennedy

11.

Crediton

Cadbury

MaryAnsleigh

Witheridge -

South Molton

Kentisbeer -
Kentisbury -

R.
R-

Hayridge
Braunton

Plymtree

Shirwell

St. Wary
Church

}v-

Haytor

Ipplepen

Kenton -

Exminster

Kenne

Mary Stowe -

Lifton -

Tavistock

* Kilmington,

)

Meavy

Roborough -

Tamei'ton

appendant

Axminster

Honiton

Meeth - -

Shebbear

Torrington

to Axmin-

* Membury,

ster -

appendant

Axminster

Honiton

*Kingsbridge,

)

to Axmin-

appendant
to Church-

Stanborough -

Woodleigh

ster -
Merton

Shebbear

Torrington

stow -

)

Meshaw

Witheridge -

South Molton

* Kingston,

)

Milton Abbot

Tavistock

appendant
to Erming-

Ermington

Plympton

Milton Dama-
rell -

},,{

Black Tor- 7
rington -J

holsworthy

ton -

)

* South Mil-

Knowstone
Lamerton

V.
V.

South JMolton
Lifton -

South Molton
Tavistock

ton, append-
ant to West

Stanborough

Woodleigh

Landcross

Shebbear

Hertland

Allington -

)

f In the town of Honiton is the chapel of Allhallows.
d 2

XXV1U

DEVONSHIRE.

Names of
Parishes. '

U'Ctory

>r Vicar

age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory
or Vicar-
age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Modbury

Ermington

Plympton

Paignton

Haytor

Fpplepen

Molland

V. South Molton

South Molton

'Pancras

North Molton

South Molton

Week, ap-

{

Black Tor-\
rington -j

South Molton

pendant to

Holsworthy

Monklcigh

Shebbear

Hertland

Bradworthy

)

*Monkton, ap-

)

Parkham

Shebbear

Hertland

pendant to

Colyton

Honiton

Parracombe -

Sherwill

Shirwell

Colyton

Peahembury -

Hayridge

Plymtree

Morchard

\ R"

Crediton

Cadbury

Petersmerland

Shebbear

Torrington

Bishop

[

Trigg Major,

Cruwys Mor-
chard - -

Jr.

Witheridge -

South Molton

North Pether-
win

Black Tor- J
rington - |

in the arch-
deaconry of

Morebath

Bampton

Tiverton

(

Cornwall

Moreleigli

Stanborough -

Woodleigh

Petrockstow -

Shebbear

Torrington

Moreton

Hampstead

| R.

Teignbridge -

Moreton

Pilton
Pinhoe

C.
V.

Braunton
Wonford

Barnstaple
Aylesbeare

Morthoe

Braunton

Shirwell

Plymouth

)V.

Musbury

Axminster

Honiton

St. Andrew-f- -

Roborough -

Plympton

Netherex

Hayridge

Cadbury

Charles

Newton St.
Cyres

Newton Fer-
rers

j- V.

Crediton
Ermington

Cadbury j
Plympton

Plympton St.

Mary - -
Plympton

Maurice

Plympton

Newton St.

1 u-

Shebbear

Torrington

Plymstock

Plympton

Petrock

Plymtree

Hayridge

Plymptree

Newton Tra-
cey

1 R-

Fremington -

Barnstaple

Poltimore
South Pool -

R.
R.

Wonford
Coleridge

Aylesbeare
Woodleigh

St. Nicholas -

Won ford

Kenne

Portlemouth -

Coleridge

Woodleigh

Broad Nimet -
Nnnet Row-

R.
[ R'

North Tawton
North Tawton

Chulmleigh
Chulmleigh

Pougbill

,,{

West Bud- 1
leigh -j

Cadbury

land

Powderham -

Exminster

Kenne

Nimet Tracey
or Bow

1 R'

North Tawton

Chulmleigh

Puddington -
l*East Putford,

Witheridge •

South Molton

Northa'm

Nortlileigh

V.
R.

Shebbear
Colyton - -

Hertland
Honiton

j appendant
to Buckland

Shebbear

Hertland

Bishop's

Nympton -

George

Nympton -

King's Nymp-
ton

1 V.
JR.
| R.

Witheridge -
South Molton
Witheridge -

South Molton
South Molton
South Molton

Brewer
West Putford

Py worthy
Rackenford -

)

a.{

Black Tor-j
rington - j

Black Tor- 7
rington - j

Witheridge -

Holsworthy

Holsworthy
South Molton

Oakford - -

Witheridge -

South Molton

Rattery - -

Stanborough -

Totton

Oakhampton -

Lifton

Okehampton

j* Revelstoke,

Offwell - -
East Ogwell -

R.
R.

Colyton
Woriford

Honiton
Kenne

1 appendant
to Yealmp-

Plympton

West Ogwell -

Won ford

Kenne

ton

)

Otterton - -

East Budleigh

Aylesheare

|Rew - :

Wonford

Plymtree

Ottery St.
Mary

Ottery St. 1
Mary -j

Aylesbeare

Ringmore
Roborough -

K.
R.

Ermington
Fremington -

Woodleigh
Torrington

Up-Ottery

Axminster

Dimkeswell

Rockbear

East Budleigh

Aylesbeare

* Ven-Ottery,

Romansleigh

Witheridge -

South Molton

appendant
to Harp-

East Budleigh

Aylesbeare

Roseash - -
Rousedown %

R.
R.

Witheridge -
Axminster

South Molton
Honiton

ford

)

f The chapel of Weston Peverell is in this parish.

£ The church of this parish is dilapidated.

DEVONSHIRE.

xxix

Names of
Parishes.

Salcombe
Regis - •

Sampford
Courtenayf

Sampford Pe-
verell - -

Sampford Spi-
ney

Sandford

Satterleigh -

Seaton and
Beer -

Shaugh

Shebbear

Sheldon - -

*Sherford, ap-
pendant to
Stokenham

Sherwill - •

Shillingford
St. George

* Shipstor, ap

pendant to
Bickleigh
*Shipwasn,'ap-
pendant to
Shebbear

Shobrooke

* Shute, ap-
pendant to
Colyton

Sidbury -
Sidmouth

* St. Sidwell,
appendant
toKeavitree

Silverton

Slapton - -
Sourton, ap-
pendant to
Brides towe

Southleigh

Sowton -

Spreyton

Church Staun-
ton

Staverton

Stockleigh
English

Stockleigh
Pomeroy -

Stoke Canon -

Rectory

Vi ear-
age.

Hundi

ed.

Deanery.

a.{

)

V.
V.

R.
C

R.
R.

}B.

!■•{
H

East Budleigh

Black Tor- J
rington -J

Halberton

Roborough -

Crediton
South Molton

Colyton -

Plympton

Shebbear
Hayridge

Coleridge

Sherwill -
Exminster

Roborough

Shebbear

West Bud-
leigh

Colyton - -

East Budleigh
East Budleigh

Wonford

Hayridge
Coleridge

Lifton

Colyton - -

Wonford

Hemiock

Haytor -
West Bud-1

leigh - )
West Bud- I

leigh - I
Wonford

Aylesbeare

Okehampton

Tiverton

Tamerton

Cadbury
South Molton

Honiton

Plympton

Torrington

Dunkeswell

Woodleigh

Shirwell
Kenne

Tamerton

Torrington
Cadbury

Honiton

Aylesbeare
Aylesbeare

Exeter

Plymtree
Woodleigh

Tavistock

Honiton

Aylesbeare

Dunsford

Dunkeswell

Ipplepen

Cadbury

Cadbury
Aylesbeare

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory
orVicar

Stoke Dama
rell - ■

Stoke Fleming

Stoke Gabriel

Stoke in
Teignhead

Stoke Rivers -

Stokenham

* East Stone-
house, ap-
pendant to'
Plymouth -

Stoodley

Stow St. Giles

Stowford

Sutcombe

Swymbridge -

South Syden-
ham

Tallaton - -

Tamerton
Foliot -

Tavistock

Mary Tavy

Peter Tavy

Tawstock

Bishop's Taw-
ton

North Tawton

South Tawton

Tedburne St
Mary - -

iTeigngrace -

East Teign-
mouth

West Teign-
mouth

Bishop's

Teignton -

Drew's Teign-
ton

King's Teign
ton

Templeton

Tetcott -

Thelbridge
St. Thomas

Thornbury

Thorncombe
Thorverton

}K.

Hundred.

R.
V.

R.
C.
R.

'••{

J,,

R.
R.
R.

)

a.{

„.{

Roborough

Coleridge
Haytor -

Wonford

Sherwill
Coleridge

Roborough

Witheridge -
Fremington
Lifton

Black Tor-1
rington - J
South Molton

Lifton

Hayridge

Roborough -

Tavistock
Lifton

Roborough -
Fremington -

South Molton

North Tawton
Wonford

Wonford

Teignbridge -

Tamerton

Ipplepen J
Ipplepen

Kenne

Shirwell
Woodleigh

Deanery.

V.
V.

Exminster

Exminster
Wonford

Teignbridge -

Witheridge •
Black Tor-1

rington -J
Witheridge •
Wonford
Black Tor- 1

rington -j
Axminster
Hayridge

Tamerton

South Molton

Torrington

Tavistock

Holsworthy

Barnstaple

Tavistock

Plymtree

Tamerton

Tavistock
Tavistock
Tamerton
Barnstaple

Barnstaple

Chulmleigh

Dunsford

Dunsford
Moreton

Kenne

Moreton

Tiverton

Holsworthy

South Molton
Kenne

Holsworthy

Honiton
Cadbury

f In this parish is the chapel of Sticklepath.

j In the visitations inserted as in the deanery of Totton.

XXX

DEVONSHIRE.

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory
or Vicar-
age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Names of
Parishes.

Rectory

or Vicar

age.

Hundred.

Deanery.

Throwley

Wonford

Dunsford

Welcombe

Hartland

Hertland

* Thrushelton,

)

Wembury

Plympton

appendant

Lifton

Tavistock

Wemworthy -

North Tawton

Chulmleigh

to Maristow
Tburlestone -

(

Trigg Major,

Stanborough -

Woodleigh

Werrington -

Black Tor- I

in the arch-

Tiverton

R.f

Tiverton

rington -1

deaconry of

Topsham

Wonford

Aylesbeare

Cornwall

Tor Bryan

Haytor -

Ipplepen

Westleigh

Fremington -

Barnstaple

Tor Molnin -

Haytor -

Ipplepen

Whimple

Cliston

Aylesbeare

Black Tor-
rington

I'M

Black Tor-1
rington -j

Holsworthy

Whitechurch
Whitstone

V.
It.

Roborough -
Wonford

Tamerton
Dunsford

Great Tor-
rington

Fremington -

Torrington

Widdecomb in
the Moor -

}»■

Haytor -

Moreton

Little Tor-
rington

JK.

Shebbcar

Torrington

Wid worthy -
Willand - -

R.
R.

Colyton - -
Halberton

Honiton
Tiverton

Totnes

Coleridge

Totton

Winkleigh

Torrington

Townstall

Coleridge

Totton

* Withecombe

Trentishoe

Braunton

Shirwell

Raleigh, ap-

)

Trnsham

Exminster

Kenne

pendant to

East Budleigh

Aylesbeare

*T\vitcben, ap-

)

East Bud-

pendant to
North Mol-

South Molton

leigh - -
i\\ itheridge -

Witheridge -

South Molton

ton

)

Woodbury

East Budleigh

Aylesbeare

UfFculme

Bampton

Tiverton

* Woodland,

Ugborough -

Erraington

Plymptoa

appendant

Haytor - -

Ipplepen

Uplime -

Axminster

Honiton

to Ipplepen

Uplowman

Tiverton

Woodleigh

Stanborough -

Woodleigh

Upton Helions
Upton Pyne -

West Bud-1
leigh - j
Wonford

Cadbury
Cadbury

Woolborough
Woolfardis-
worthy

Haytor
Witheridge -

Ipplepen
South Molton

Virginstow
Walkhampton

R.
V.

Lifton
Roborough -

Tavistock
Tamerton

Woolfardis-
worthy

}c.

Hartland

Hertland

Warkley

Washfield

Washford

South Molton
West Bud- }
leigh -j

South Molton
Tiverton

East Worling-

ton
West Wor-

lin°"ton

Witheridge -
Witheridge -

South Molton
South Molton

Pyne - -

Witheridge -

South Molton

Yarcombe

Axminster

Dunkeswell

\\ eare Giffard

Shebbear

Hertland

Yarnscombe -

Hartland

Barnstaple

* King's

Yealmpton

Plympton

Weare, ap-
pendant to

Haytor -

Ipplepen

Zeal Mona-
chorum

}E.

North Tawton

Chulmleigh

Brixham -

)

f In four portions. There is a chapel of St. George in the town, and Cove chapel, in Pitt Quarter.

The

DEVONSHIRE. xxx!

The chapels of ease in this county are,

In the parish of

Brixham town Brixham.

Budleigh Salterton Budleigh

Cove Tiverton

Culm Davy Hemiock

Culmjohn Broad Clist

St. George Tiverton

Honiton town Honiton

Newton Abbot Wolborough

Newton Bushell High Week

Newton Poppleford Aylesbeare

Okehampton town Okehampton

Oldridge St. Tbomas

Petton Bampton

Sticklepath Sampford Courtenay.

There is an intention of building chapels at Exmouth and Torquay.
The dilapidated chapels, and those destroyed, which have been very nume-
rous, are spoken of in the parishes in which they were respectively
situated.

Monasteries, Colleges, and ancient Hospitals.

The Benedictine monks had a priory at Exeter ; a mitred abbey at
Tavistock ; a cell at Pilton, near Barnstaple ; an alien cell at Covvick,
near Exeter ; and another at Modbury. The nuns of this order had a
priory at Polesloe, near Exeter. The Austin canons had monasteries at
Frithelstock, Hartland, and Plympton ; a cell at Marsh, near Exeter ; an
alien priory at Otterton ; and, according to Lelancl, cells at Axmouth and
Sidmouth. The nuns of this order had priories at Canonleigh and Corn-
worthy. The Cistertians had abbies at Buckland Monachorum, Buckfast-
leigh, Dunkeswell, Ford in Thorncombe, (removed from Brightley, in
Oakhampton,) and at Newenham in Axminster. The Cluniac monks had
priories at Barnstaple, and at Carswell in Plymtree, and an alien priory
dedicated to .St. James, near Exeter. The Premonstratensians had an
abbey at Tor. The Austin friers had priories at Barnstaple and Tavistock ;
the Dominicans had a priory at Exeter ; the Franciscans, or Grey friers,
had convents at Exeter and Plymouth; the White friers one at Plymouth;
and the Trinitarians one at Totnes : Tanner mentions a priory of the

latter

xxxii DEVONSHIRE.

latter order at Blakedon. In the year 1331 Sir Richard Stapeldon had
the King's licence for founding a Carthusian monastery on any of his
estates in the bishopric of Exeter a: but it does not appear that such
foundation was effected.

There are said to have been some monasteries at Exeter, destroyed
at an early period, and priories at Churchill in East Downe, Townstall,
Dartmouth, and Indio in Bovey Tracey ; but the existence of some of
these is doubtful, and no particulars are known of any of them. The
Knights Templars had a preceptory or hospital at Clayhanger.

The churches of Axminster, Beer Ferrers, Chulmleigh, Clovelly,
Crediton, Haccombe, South Molton, Ottery St. Mary, Plympton, Slapton,
and Stoke in Teignhead, were formerly collegiate. There was a collegiate
chapel within the castle at Exeter. The only collegiate bodies remaining
are the dean and chapter, and the vicars choral of the church of St. Peter
Exeter, unless we reckon under this head Tiverton, which, having four
portionists, has sometimes been deemed a collegiate church.

Some of the ancient hospitals, founded before the Reformation, still
remain, as St. John's, St. Mary Magdalen's, and God's House, founded
by William Wynard, at Exeter ; the ancient hospital of St. Mary Magda-
len, at Honiton, endowed by Abbot Chard ; that of St. Margaret at
Pilton, near Barnstaple, and Greneway's and Waldron's almshouses at
Tiverton.

There were ancient hospitals, now demolished or disused, at Barnstaple,
Clist Gabriel, Crediton ; St. Alexis' cell, and Lord Bonville's almshouse
at Exeter, and ancient hospitals at Plympton, Tavistock, Teignmouth,
and Totnes.

Borough and Market Towns.

Besides the two county members, Devonshire sends 24 members to
parliament ; two for Exeter, and two for each of the following boroughs :
Ashburton, Barnstaple, Beer Alston, Dartmouth, Honiton, Oakhampton,
Plymouth, Plympton, Tavistock, Tiverton, and Totnes. The following
boroughs formerly sent members to parliament : Bradninch, Crediton,

* Rot. Pat. 5 Edw. III.

Fremington,

DEVONSHIRE. xxxiii

Fremington, Lidford, Modbuiy, South Molton, and Great Torrington.
The ports of Exmouth and Teignmouth sent representatives to the great
councils for maritime affairs. It lias often been said that what are called
the disused boroughs, which formerly sent members to parliament, ceased
to send them in consequence of having been excused, under the plea of
poverty, from what was considered as a burden, since the boroughs
paid the expenses of their members during their attendance in parliament.
I have never found any record in confirmation of this tradition, except in
the instance of Great Torrington : a copy of the record is given in the
note. a It seems that the burgesses of Torrington, to get rid of the
burden of which they complained, did not scruple in their statement to
deviate a little from the truth, since they represent it as a new burden
imposed on them by the sheriff, they never having been summoned to send
burgesses to parliament till the 21 of Edw. III. It is even stated that
they had searched the rolls to prove this fact. Yet the burgesses for
Torrington are regularly entered from the 23d of Edw. I. to the 15th of
Edw. III. It appears therefore that they did not carry their researches
back beyond the Kith. It is clear that the sentiments which the burgesses
of Torrington express were by no means universal at that period, for

1 Rex ballivis et probis hominibus et toti communitati villae de Toriton in comitatu
Devonian salutem. Ex parte vestra nobis est mandatum quod cum villa praedicta ad mittendum
aliquos homines pro eadem villa ad parliamenta nostra onerari non debeat, nee aliquos
homines pro dicta villa ad parliamenta nostra, vel progenitorum nostrorum quondam Regum
Angliae non miserit, nee mittere consueverit, ante annum regni nostri vicesimum primum, quo
tempore vicecomes noster comitatus praedicti, qui tunc fuit, dictam villam de Toriton burgum,
et duos homines pro eodem burgo, ad veniendum ad Parliamentum nostrum dicto anno
vicesimo tentum summonitos fuisse malitiose in cancellariam nostram retornavit. Et sic eadem
villa de Toriton ab eodem anno vicesimo primo ad inveniendum duos homines pro eadem
villa in singulis annis Parliamentis nostris tentis, praetextu retornati prsedicti onerata extitit.
Et vos ea occasione laboribus et expensis multipliciter gravati fuistis, ad vestrum dampnum
non modicum et depressionem manifestam ; super quo nobis supplicastis vobis remedium
adhiberi opportunum. Et quia scrutatis rotulis et memorandis cancellaria: nostra?, non est
compertum nomina aliquorum hominum pro dicta viUa seu Burgo Toriton, ad veniendum ad
Parliamenta nostra ante dictum vicesimum primum retornata fuisse. Nos nolcntes dictam
villam de Toriton occasione praxu'eta indebite onerari, vos et villam praedictam ad inveniendum
seu mittendum aliquos homines ad Parliamenta nostra, de cactero communis summonitionis
parliamentorum eorundem, habemus et tenemus excusatos : et vos inde exoneramus per
praesentes in perpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium, &c. Teste Rege apud West. 18 die
Maii.

Vol. VI. e about

XXXIV

DEVONSHIRE.

about the same time we find their neighbours at Barnstaple claiming the
right of sending burgesses to parliament, as an important privilege.

The editor of the Magna Britannia (1720) enumerates 40 market-
towns in this county ; Bradninch is reckoned among them ; Moreton
Hampstead and others are omitted. Among Mr. Chappie's Collections is
an imperfect list of market-towns, dated Oct. 1775, amounting to 40,
including Bow, Bradninch, Dodbrook, Hartland, Lifton% Sheepwash,
Thorncombe, and, with a query, Beer Alston : at all these there are now
no markets. He refers to a list, which he calls Thorn's list, which had
omitted the markets of Beer Alston, Bradninch, &c. Mr. Chappie says,
that Teignmouth had then lately assumed a market, although he does not
insert it in his list ; he observes, that the market-towns of Devon had
generally been reckoned at forty.

Markets.

Appledore

Ashburton
Axminster

Bampton

Barnstaple

Bideford

South Brent

Brixham

Chagford

Chudleigli

Chulmleigh

Collumpton

Colyton

Crediton

Culmstock

Dartmouth

Exeter

Hatherleigh
Holsworthy
Honiton

{Wednesday and Satur-
day.
Saturday.

■ Saturday.

{Wednesday and Satur-
day.
{Tuesday, Thursday, and
Friday.
Tuesday and Saturday.
Friday.
Saturday.
• Saturday.
Saturday.
Friday.
Saturday.

Thursday and Saturday.
Saturday.
Friday.
Friday.

{Tuesday, Friday, and
Saturday.
Tuesday and Saturday.
Wednesday.

■ Saturday.

Ilfracombe
Kingsbridge -
Modbury

South Molton

Moreton Hamp-
stead
Newton Abbot
Oakhampton -
Ottery St. Mary

Plymouth

Plymouth Dock

Plympton

Sidmouth

Stonehouse

Tavistock

East Teignmouth

Tiverton

Topsham

Torrington

Totnes

Uffculme

- Saturday.
Saturday.

- Thursday.

f Tuesday, Thursday, and
" \ Saturday.

{■ Saturday.

- Wednesday.

- Saturday.

- Tuesday.

{Monday, Thursday, and
Saturday.
V Tuesday, Thursday, and
* "[ Saturday.

- Friday.

- Tuesday and Saturday.

- Wednesday.

- Friday.
Saturday.

- Tuesday and Saturday.

- Saturday.

- Wednesday.

The principal corn-markets are Exeter, Tavistock, Totnes, Barnstaple,
Plymouth, and Kingsbridge.

A market is about to be established at Torquay.

3 Lifton never had a regular market ; but some years ago butchers' meat was exposed to
sale weekly. .

Disused

DEVONSHIRE.

xxxv

Disused Markets.

West Allington.

Awliscombe.

Beer Alston, in Beer

Ferrers.
High Bickington.
Bovey Tracey.
Bow or Nymet Tracey.
Bradninch.
Buckfastleigli.
Buckland Monachorum.
East Budleigl).
Canonleigh in Burles-

combe.
Bishop's Clist.
Cockington.
Comb Martin.

Denbury.

Dodbrooke.

Ermington.

Harton.

Broad Hembury.

Holcombe in Winkleigh.

Ipplepen.

Kenneford in Kenne.

Kenton.

Langford in Collumpton.

Lidford.

Moreleigh.

Newport in Bishop's Taw-
ton.

Newton Bushell in High-
week.

Newton Poppleford in
Aylesbeare.

Paignton.

Pilton.

Rackenford.

Sidbury.

Silverton.

Tamerton Foliot.

North Tawton.

Thorncombe.

Witheridge.

Woodbury.

South Zeal in South Taw-
ton.

Fairs and Great Markets.

Towns, &c.
Alphington

Ashburton

Ashwater

Axminster

Bampton

Barnstaple

High Bickington
Bideford

Bovey Tracey

Bow

Bradworthy

Brent

Bridestowe

On what day held.

Remarks.

The November fair has a
great show of sheep.

(

First Wednesday after June 10 ; Wednes-
day in the week after Michaelmas day.

First Thursday in March; first Thursday') .
in June ; first Thursday in August ; and >
first Thursday in November. - -J

First Tuesday in May ; and first Monday
after August 1.

First Tuesday after April 25.; first Tuesday
after June 14.; and first Wednesday after
October 10.

Tuesday in Whitsun-week ; and last Thurs-"\ The October fair is one
day in October. Great markets — Wed- I of the largest fairs in
nesday before Lady Day ; and the last j the west of England
Wednesday in April. - - -) for sheep.

September 19. Great markets — Friday ~l
before April 21. ; and second Friday in > Cattle and horses.
December. - - - -J

May 14.

February 14. ; July 19. ; November 14.

Easter Monday ; Ascension-Day ; first
Thursday in July ; and the first Thurs-
day in November.

Ascension Day ; and November 22. Great
market — third Thursday in March.

September 9.

The last Tuesday in April ; and the last
Tuesday in September.

The second Wednesday in June, unless on
a Saturday or Tuesday ; in which cases
it is held on the Monday following.

e 2

Bridgetown,

XXXVI

DEVONSHIRE.

Towns, &c.

Bridgetown, in Berr
Pomeroy

Buckfastleigh

Buckland Brewer
Buckland Monacho-

rum
Chawleigh

Chudleigh

Remarks.

'25.

Now only a holiday fair.

Chulmleigh

Churchenford, in
Church Staunton

Broad Clist

Collumpton

Colyford, inColyton

Colyton

Comb Martin

Cornwood

Crediton

Culmstock

Dawlish

Dodbrooke

Ermington

Exeter

Hartland

Hatherleigh
Broad Hembury

Holsworthy

Honiton
Ilfracombe

Lifton

lorses,
sheep.

bullocks, and

Cattle, cloth, &c.

On what day held.

Jjuly!

\ The third Thursday in June ; and the second
^ Thursday in September.
Whit-Tuesday, and November 2.

[ Trinity Tuesday.

-_ May 6.; December II.

- j Easter Tuesday. - - - - j Hc

{Third Thursday in June ; October 2., unless^
on Saturday, Sunday, or Monday, in I „,
which cases it is held on the Tuesday f SheeP and bu'locks.
following. - - - -J

f Third Friday in March ; Wednesday in

- ■< Easter-week ; and the last Wednesday in
( July.

J- January 25. ; and March 6.

{First Monday in April, and the first
Monday in September.
_ J" The first Wednesday in May, and the first!
\ Wednesday in November. - - j

- The first Wednesday after March II.

- May 1.; October 14.

- Whit-Monday.

{The first Monday in May, and the fourth
Monday in September.
fMay 11.; August 21.; (but if on Friday
I or Saturday, the Monday following,)

- <| and September 21. Great markets —

Saturday preceding the last Wednesday
L in April.
_ ( May 21. ; and the Wednesday before Sep-
* 1 tember 29.

- Easter-Monday - ...

- Wednesday before Palm-Sunday.
February 2. ; June 24. ...

( The second Wednesday in March, June,

- \ August, and December. Great market —
(. the second Tuesday in every month.
f Wednesday in Easter-week, and September

-•j 25. Great market — the second Saturday
L in March.

f May 21 . : June 22. ; September 7. ; No-
\ vember 9.

- November 30.
("April 27.; July 9.; and October 2.
{ the latter day happen on Friday, Satu

_ J day, or Monday, it begins on th
j Tuesday following.

Great market on the second Wednesday in
(. February.

Wednesday after July 19.
f April 14-th; and the first Saturday after
' | August 23.

{February 2. ; Ascension Day ; and Octo-
ber 28.

A holiday fair.
On the decline.

:her

The last is a great fair
for cattle and all sorts
of commodities.

Modbury

DEVONSHIRE.

XXXVIJ

Towns, &c.

Modbury
North Molton
South Molton

Moreton Hampstcad
Newton Abbot

Newton St. Cyres
Bishops Nympton

Oakhampton

Ottery St. Mary
Paignton

Plymouth

Plympton

Rackenford
Sampford Peverell

Seaton

Silverton

Stokenham

Stonehouse

Tamerton Foliot

Tavistock

On what day held.

Remarks.

great fair for cattle,
cloth, &c. &c.

fMay 4., if it happen on Tuesday or "J .
i Wednesday ; otherwise, on the Tuesday >
following. .J

Great market — thesecondTuesday in every

month.
Tuesday after May 11. ; November 12.
f Wednesday before June 22.; Wednesday 1 „
| after August 26. - - '. J Horses and cattle

■{ Great markets — Saturday after February
I 13., and March 25.; before April 23.; Au-
[_ gust 1.; October 10.; and December 12.
■ T The third Thursday in July, and the last
i Thursday in November. Great market
(_ ■ — Saturday before Whitsun-week.

! Midsummer-Day, if on a Wednesday; if
not, the Wednesday following ; Septem-
ber 11., under the same rule; Novem-
ber 6.
Monday before Midsummer Day.
April 14. ; October 20.
fThe second Tuesday after March 11.;
i May 14. ; the first Wednesday after
<j July 6. ; August 5. ; the first Tuesday
| after September 11.; the first Wednesday
L after October 11.
Saturday after Christmas.
Great market — Saturday before Christmas.

{Tuesday before Palm-Sunday; Tuesday
before Trinity-Sunday; August 15.
Tuesday in Whitsun-week.
f The first Monday in April, and the first
-J Monday in November. Great market
L — the second Thursday in every month.
^February 25. ; eve of the Annunciation,
) O. S. ; August 12. ; and October 28. ;
| unless it fall after Thursday, in which
v case it is held on the Tuesday following.
Wednesday before September 19.
The last Wednesday in April.
September 9. - ...

Whit-Tuesday. - ...

fThe first Thursday in March, and the first
\ Thursday in July.

Easter-Tuesday. ....

( The first Wednesday in May ; the second
< Wednesday in September, and the day
( following.

The third Wednesday in July,
f January 16. ; May 6. ; September 19. ;
October 10. ; and December 11. Great
markets — the last Friday in June, and
the first Friday in November. It has re-
cently been determined, that in lieu of
these fairs and great markets, there shall,
after the first of January 1822, be fairs
on the second Wednesday in January,
May, July, September, October, No-
vember, and December.

A great holiday fair.

A holiday fair.

A great horse fair.
A holiday fair.
A holiday fair.

A holiday fair.

North

XXXV1U

DEVONSHIRE.

Towns, &c.
North Tawton

East Teignmouth

Thorncombe
Thorverton

Tiverton

On what day held.

f The third Tuesday in April ; October 3, ;
' \ and December 18.
fThe third Tuesday in January

- < Tuesday in February ; and
(_ Tuesday in September.

- Easter-Tuesday.
■ The last Monday in February.

Monday after July 18.

Remarks.

; the
the

last
last

Topsham

Tomngton

Totnes -
Twobridges, in Lidford

Uff'culme

Ugborough

Underwood, in Plymp

ton St. Mary
Whimpl'e
Wilmington, in Wid-

worthy

Winkleigh
Witheridge

Yealmpton

The second Tuesday after Trinity.
("Michaelmas-Day. Great markets — the
second Tuesday in March j Tuesday
before April 25. ; August 26. ; Decem-
ber 14., when on a Tuesday, otherwise
the Tuesday after.
The first Wednesday after July 10.
I May 4. ; July 5. ; October 10. Great
( market — the third Saturday in March.
May 12. ; October 28.
Wednesday after August 16.
I Wednesday in Passion-week ; June 29.
J and the middle Wednesday in Sep
/ tember.

f Great market the third Tuesday in every
\ month.

| July 5.

Monday before Michaelmas.

I Monday after St. Matthew.

f Monday after July 7. ; but if that day hap-

■} pens on a Sunday, it is then held on the

(. Monday se'nnight.
June 24. - - -

Great markets — the last Wednesday in
April ; the first Wednesday after Sep-
tember 21.; and the first Wednesday in
November

f Great market — the fourth Wednesday in

\ every month.

Fat sheep.

The most celebrated fair

for lambs in the west

of England.
Cattle, horses, &c.

Horses, sheep, cattle, &c.
On the decline.

Chiefly for sheep.

- jur

{Gre
A
*

A small fair.
On the decline.

Population.

The number of persons in Devonshire, assessed in the year 1377. to a
poll-tax, from which only mendicants and children under fourteen years of
age were exempted b, (including the religions of both sexes, who were

b It seems doubtful whether the inhabitants of Exeter and Dartmouth, who were rated

separately, and amounted together to 6903, were included in this number. With this addition

the number would have been 53,853.

taxed

DEVONSHIRE. xxxix

taxed separately, and amounted to 1315,) was 46,950. This tax was
levied immediately after a great plague, by which this county, and par-
ticularly the great towns of Exeter and Plymouth, had been much de-
populated. c

It appears, that the decayed state of the Devonshire towns had at-
tracted the attention of parliament in the reign of Henry VIII. An act
passed, in 1540, for encouraging the re-building of houses in the towns of
Plymouth, Plympton, Barnstaple, Tavistock, and Dartmouth ; with certain
towns in other counties therein expressed. The preamble of the act states,
that in these towns many houses had fallen down and decayed ; and at
that time remained unre-edified, lying as desolate and void ground. The
Magna Britannia of 17-0, computes the number of houses in this county
at 56,310, that of the inhabitants at 300,000. The total number of in-
habited houses in Devonshire, according to the census of 1801, was 57,955;
that of inhabitants, 343,001 ; in 1811, the number of houses was 62,31S ;
that of inhabitants 383,308 ; in 1821, the number of houses was 73,982;
that of inhabitants 438,760. "

" The register of Newenham abbey, (in the possession of Dr. Wavell,) records a great mor-
tality about sixty years before this, in the time of Abbot Pupplisbury, occasioned by famine.
" In cujus tempore bussellus frumenti pro 3*. id. ; et aliq. pro is. vendebatur, et bussellus
grossi salis pro is. Sd. fames nam erat valida, et inaudita ; et mortalitas hominum sed praecipue
pauperum ; et magna mortalitas armentorum, maxima et inaudita videlicit bourn, vaccarum
et vitulorum, per multos annos durans." It is said, that 167 of the cattle belonging to the
Abbey died during this mortality.

A The great increase of population, in this and other counties, particularly in the great
towns, within the last thirty years, is to be attributed in a great measure, to the immortal dis-
covery of Dr. Jenner ; and to the various great improvements of modern times in medical
science; especially in the treatment of women in child-birth, and infants. See some very in-
genious remarks on the late population returns for Plymouth, Plymouth-dock, &c, by George
Harvey, M.D., printed on single sheets.

DEVONSHIRE.

PARISHES.

Inhabited Houses.

Families.

Number of Inhabitants.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

181i.

1821.

Abbotshain -

313

321

386

East Allington

107

468

502

615

West Allington

104

119

118

116

136

128

655

732

778

Alpliington

188

221

184

205

221

845

911

1,070

Alverdiscott - - -

278

257

334

AKvington

310

359

386

East Anstey

165

171

West Anstey

215

199

220

Arlington - - -

207

157

177

Ashburton

369

349

396

664

684

778

3,080

3,053

3,403

Aslibury - - -

Ashcombe

280

272

283

Ashford - - -

101

Asliprington

103

117

107

126

509

519

619

Ash-Reigney

151

149

183

159

149

185

756

752

858

Ashton -

176

221

258

Ashwater - - -

115

117

133

115

117

136

643

677

774

Atherington

101

113

484

456

535

Aveton Uiffard

143

146

152

153

195

746

828

924

Awliscombe

105

100

426

471

513

Axminster » -

406

445

490

411

488

540

2,154

2,387

2,742

Axmouth

100

375

466

52D

Aylesbeare

139

162

181

184

199

687

747

854

Bampton

279

280

294

279

288

332

1,364

1,422

1,633

Barnstaple

619

628

774

828

836

1,028

3,748

4,019

5,079

Beaford

110

100

110

516

540

582

Beaworthy

218

235

299

Beer Ferrers

206

146

361

217

165

413

1,110

1,504

2,198

Belston

137

120

157

Berry Nerber

103

124

103

130

532

573

648

Berry Pomeroy

157

147

152

226

196

231

1,124

1,179

1,255

Bickington

237

258

301

Abbots Bickington

High Bickington

125

129

135

145

693

662

748

Bickley in the Hundred of")
Hayridge - - J

297

254

273

Bickley in the Hundred of")
Roborough - - J

264

300

457

Bickton

173

174

217

Bideford -

582

634

683

613

720

796

2,9S7

3,244

4,053

Bigbury ...

100

430

474

536

Bittadon - - -

Blackauton - - -

198

114

226

198

115

234

1,019

1,109

1,227

North Bovey - - -

103

111

519

497

603

Bovev Tracey

28G

203

325

286

301

343

1,431

1,385

1,685

Bradford - - -

352

338

384

Bradmnch -

247

268

285

260

271

345

1,187

1,321

1,511

Bradstone - - -

105

133

115

Bradworthy

129

147

124

145

173

634

763

978

Bramptord Speke

273

303

Branseombe

116

128

150

! 119

132

155

603

595

773

Bratton

DEVONSHIRE.

xli

T"» 4 Tl TC TT T"* C

Inhabited Houses.

, Families.

Numb

;r of Inhabitants)

PARISHES.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

Bratton Clovelly

106

;' 96

115

548

5/3

705

Bratton Fleming

406

434

490

Braunton - - -

255

275

311

265

275

331

1,296

1,390

1,699

High Bray

264

262

278

Brendon - -

260

236

275

South Brent

163

189

235

163

209

246

1,032

1,230

1,401

Brent Tor - -

108

104

151

Bridestowe

106

126

116

139

581

664

787

Bridford - - -

444

416

491

Bridgerule -

140

143

198

Brixham - -

701

746

800

906

891

924

3,671

4,371

4,503

Brixton ...

125

145

147

141

152

635

729

854

Broadwood Kelly

311

342

389

Broadwood Wiger

106

125

126

105

132

586

688

748

Brushford - - -

146

140

134

Buckerell ...

280

290

315

Buckfastleigh - - -

260

340

359

307

392

581

1,525

1,836

2,240

Buckland in the Moor

106

107

137

Buckland Brewer

152

187

164

157

189

872

787

1,043

East Buckland

138

153

165

Egg Buckland

121

126

170

142

149

193

711

772

954

Buckland Filleigh

252

273

274

Buckland Monachorum

144

167

198

157

198

219

918

931

1,177

Buckland Toussaints

West Buckland

257

256

288

East Budleigh

203

254

379

215

260

362

1,014

1,190

1,706

St. Budock

131

135

120

544

621

689

Bulkworthy

110

126

155

Bundleigh - -

2S6

303

335

Burlescombe

139

158

173

188

260

213

853

1,177

1,073

Burrington - - -

142

160

150

142

166

192

755

825

939

Butterleigh

125

137

144

Cadbury -

238

223 •

242

Cadleigh - - -

226

228

236

Calverleigh - -

Abbots Carswell

102

389

379

437

King's Carswell

122

121

140

132

149

163

532

585

679

Chagford - -

236

249

276

251

271

290

1,115

1,197

1,503

Challocombe

158

181

240

Charles

217

276

322

Charleton - -

103

125

110

109

131

522

528

618

Chawleigh

144

130

154

156

171

177

755

705

792

Cheldon

Cheriton Bishop

100

127

128

117

142

604

680

753

Cheriton Fitzpaine

173

168

185

173

168

196

884

854

1,002

Chittlehampton

281

323

351

281

327

362

3,003*

1,527

1,748

Chivelstone

101

140

101

120

562

56S

637

Christow - -

106

422

460

531

* It is evident that there must have been some mistake in the return, or an error in the
printed account.

Vol. VI. f Chudleigh

xlii

DEVONSHIRE.

PARISHES.

Inhabited House?.

] Families.

Number of Inhabitants.

1801.

1811

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

Chudleigh

360

370

384

412

456

392

1,786

1,832

2,053

Chulmleigh - -

270

282

303

276

291

327

1,333

1,340

1,506

Churchstow

219

289

316

Churston Ferrers

124

145

146

130

134

146

663

708

726

Clannaborough

Clawton - - -

100

383

519

534

Clayhanger

•■ 29

213

233

342

Clayhydon - -

113

116

147

139

153

690

69S

822

Broad Clist

394

306

402

394

337

414

1,540

1,737

1,885

Clist St. George -

249

279

345

Clist Hydon

257

266

297

Honiton Clist

348

325

383

Clist St. Laurence

156

162

149

Clist St. Mary

112

145

Clovelly

132

151

184

158

159

199

714

836

941

Cockington - - -

294

274

280

Corfinswell

261

259

255

Colebrooke

135

138

156

135

142

164

762

759

875

Coleridge

112

106

120

115

109

121

697

577

632

Collumpton

615

609

695

655

644

754

3,138

2,917

3,410

Colyton

257

343

399

334

400

399

1,641

1,774

1,945

Colyton Raleigh

121

142

123

128

152

627

634

770

Comb in Xeignhead

109

102

109

110

505

409

430

Comb Martin

151

195

221

183

199

229

S19

732

1,032

Comb Pyne

141

125

132

Comb Raleigh

237

249

285

Cookbury

261

262

282

Corn wood - - -

111

181

159

181

745

807

1,057

Cornworthy

104

109

468

477

607

Coryton

154

180

258

Cotleigh - .

214

245

239

Countesbury

120

113

118

Creacomb

Crediton - -

1,045

1,100

1,149

1,076

1,172

1,221

4,929

5,178

5,515

Culmstock

326

293

298

392

372

304

1,496

1,345

1,357

Dartington - • -

103

486

575

602

Dartmouth

342

340

564*

683

629

1,197

2,398

2,608

4,485

Dawlish - -

291

328

511

301

354

522

1,424

1,882

2,700

Dean Prior

103

119

495

519

561

Denbury - -

330

397

412

Diptford

107

143

578

630

653

Dittisham

128

146

142

150

146

147

639

690

704

Dodbrooke - -

112

117

136

163

183

608

942

885

Doddeseombleigh

317

326

356

Dolton

129

140

115

131

142

582

490

748

Dowland

184

166

196

East Downe

311

312

422

West Downe

257

450

562

Downe St. Mary

313

336

400

* Townstall was included in the returns of Dartmouth in 1821.

Dimchidiock

DEVONSHIRE.

PARISHES.

Dimchidiock

Dunkeswell

Dunsford

Dunterton

Eggesford

Ermington -

Exbourne

Exeter

Exminster

Farrington

Farway

Feniton

Filleigh

Fremington

Frithelstock

Georgeham

Germansweek

Gidlev

St. Giles

St. Giles in the Heath

Gittisham
Goodleigh

Haccombe f

Halberton

Halwell, in the hundred
Coleridge

Halwell, in the hundred
Black Torrington

Harberton

Harford

Harpford

Hartland

Harwood

Hatherleigh

Heanton Punchardon

Heavitree

Broad Hembury

Hemiock

Broad Henipston

Little Hempston

Hennock

Highampton

Highweek

Hittesleigh

Hockworthy

Holbeton

Holcombe Burnell

Inhabited Houses.

1801. 1811. 1821

165*
96
25
18

147
74
2,692
91
45
61
42
33

164
68

141
42
17

105
36
64
53

265
47

229
24
33

279
20

206
77

163

152

174

127
38

107
38

160
24
51

167
35

111
25
27

157

2,879

164
50
60
53
54

174
89

143
53
15
98
51
68
58
1

249

261

290

223

190

113

179

137

170

162

30
65

118
30
26

153

3,256

167
64
64
46
58

200

101

167
44
20

144
53
67
70

277
50

267
25
55

261
24

286
97

211

141

277

148
50

129
43

182
21
42

189
40

Families.

1801. 1811. 1821.

165*

128
28
29

186

3,947

158
56
66
49
51

176
38

149
42
17

105
36
64
53

303

260
24
45

298
20

222
93

178

152

180

132
50

107
43

163
28
51

163
38

37
84

145
34
27

197

4,465

167
50
65
53
59

186
89

157
52
15

101

318

263

51
307

21
246

82
202
113
182
138

54
106

41
177

57
170

153

187

5,154

167

214

106

170

149

342
69

276
29
63

373
24

287
99

248

180

284

152
50

142
56

196
32
73

196
43

Number of Inhabitants.

1801.

183
393
661
129
173
917
421
17,398
795
293
287
252
220
875
479
627
133
125
547
187
459
248

1,436
358

156

1,138
142
190

1,5 46
103

1,218
418
833
780

1,020
667
266
537
204
777
124
283
869
176

1811.

167
390
708
164
149
104
472
18,896
824
336
300
258
295
941
504
675
268
98
566
273
403
269
13
1,355

414

210

1,342
182
193

1,734
100

1,380
410
957
654
882
708
300
575
221
823
136
324
926
223

1821,

200
441
819
225
144
1,370
503
23,479
928
379
346
321
307
1,099
632
811
324
121
786
301
351
351

1,598
468

216

1,425
199
262

1,96S
144

1,499
485

1,253
892

1,159
789
323
678
282
907
163
354

1,083
237

* It is evident that there must have been a mistake in these numbers.

contains only Sir Henry Carew's house, was included in the return of

f 2 Holcombe

f This parish, which
Comb in Tejgnhead in 1801 and

1821.

xliv

DEVONSHIRE.

PARISHES.

Inhabited Houses.

Families.

Number of Inhabitants,

1801.

1811.

1821

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

Holcombe Rogus

193

141

157

193

Ill

157

662

937

829

Hollacombe

Holne - - -

359

360

410

Holsworthy

192

253

199

223

270

240

1,045

1,206

1,440

Hone) church

Honiton - - -

546

581

681

563

581

685

2,377

2,735

3,296

Huish - - -

136

118

North Huish

380

396

440

South Huish

286

313

383

Hunshaw

212

221

291

Hnntshara * -

158

163

153

Huxham

135

139

172

Ide - - •-

123

120

131

123

130

144

507

608

724

Ideford - -

339

348

356

Iddesleigh

441

481

482

Ilfracombe

435

434

486

435

434

537

1,838

1,934

2,622

Ilsington ...

164

148

189

174

152

199

866

861

1,122

Instow

341

291

353

Iuwardsleigh

384

500

540

Ipplepen - -

130

148

168

138

165

186

821

746

815

Jacobstow

193

199

269

Kelly

201

199

218

Kenne

168

163

182

175

179

818

791

906

Kennerley

Kentisbeer - -

141

191

215

226

204

228

1,042

951

1,143

Kentisbury

241

260

307

Kenton

307

343

399

381

343

406

1,639

1,793

1,891

Kilmington

104

109

444

430

484

Kingsbridge

153

136

158

226

262

303

1,117

1,242

1,430

Kingston

105

354

420

525

Knowstone

427

384

444

Lamerton

133

123

133

143

165

191

722

804

1,069

Landcross

Landkey - -

122

114

105

131

607

625

683

Langtree r -

113

136

115

144

583

537

778

Lap ford

111

129

127

128

131

144

587

637

674

St. Leonard

133

167

206

North Lew

111

124

145

112

124

151

638

681

868

Lew Trenchard

154

237

344

Lidford ...

24*

139

146

222

782

734

Lifton

145

137

206

174

143

239

843

1,006

1,214

Limpstone

194

208

221

203

237

243

883

963

1,020

Linton

100

108

118

100

108

118

481

571

632

Littleham and Exmouth

406

459

559

422

473

617

1,909

2,301

2,841

Littleham, in the hundred "l
of Shebbear - - J

292

312

367

Loddiswell

112

121

133

112

126

138

608

686

762

Loxbear ...

132

118

138

Loxhore

209

190

241

* It is evident that there must, have been some mistake in the return of 1811.

Luffincott

DEVONSHIRE.

xlv

PARISHES.

Inhabited Houses.

Families.

Number

of Inhabi

ants.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

Luffincott

Luppit - -
Lustleigh

109

110

130

124

141

152

675

639

739

246

292

325

Maker (Devonshire part, in- "1
eluding Vaultershome) -J

245

232

221

328

341

298

1,614

1,569

1,222

Mamhead

230

252

320

Manadon - - -

348

374

403

Marlborough

190

252

248

205

255

256

1,056

1,353

1 ,552

Marldon

364

373

384

Martinhoe

165

190

204

Marwood

132

138

165

132

140

181

632

682

869

Mary Ansleigh

199

221

289

St. Mary Church

172

202

199

183

206

208

801

909

1,005

Mary Stowe

297

346

376

Meavy

239

222

321

Meeth

257

272

270

Membury

112

120

136

138

142

155

709

699

837

Merton

121

143

131

146

689

676

697

Meshaw

135

158

163

Milton Abbot

152

151

154

160

172

218

862

951

1,151

Milton Damarell

120

104

469

564

661

South Milton

302

325

356

Modbury

296

312

367

351

397

446

1,813

1,890

2,194

Molland

102

473

429

456

North Molton

288

329

334

330

344

389

1,541

1,526

1,847

South Molton

559

520

675

572

555

734

2,753

2,739

3,314

Monkleigh

379

390

509

Monkton

121

127

136

Morchard Bishop

310

338

347

312

346

373

1,698

1,846

1,935

Cruwvs Morchard

113

110

113

1)4

556

590

652

Morebath

420

427

415

Moreleigh

127

165

202

Moreton Hampstead

402

337

386

402

337

398

1,768

1,653

1,932

Morthoe

! 46

254

248

280

Musbury

280

318

375

Netherex

102

103

Newton St. Cyres

168

187

215

170

206

230

867

1,049

1,083

Newton Ferrers

112

101

132

112

111

138

590

601

719

Newton St. Petrock

215

237

278

Newton Tracey

St. Nicholas

128

160

233

129

170

255

585

772

969

Broad Nimet * -

Nimet Rowland

106

102

Nimet Tracey, or Bow

150

149

162

181

197

192

677

727

872

Northam

490

491

524

492

496

542

2,054

2,197

2,550

Northcottf

Northleigh

180

151

214

Bishops Nympton

169

185

188

171

185

211

902

920

1,090

George Nympton

| 54

237

230

259

* The inhabitants of this parish, which contains only one house, were numbered with
of North Tawton.
f A hamlet of Boyton in Cornwall.

those

xlvi

DEVONSHIRE.

Inhabited He

uses.

Families.

Number of Inhabitants.

PARISHES.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

King's Nympton
Oakford

124

110

144

510

554

623

! 81

408

440

474

Oakhampton

275

242

326

330

299

397

1,506

1,554

2,023

Monk Oakhampton

182

186

229

Offwell

302

312

379

East Ogwell

256

260

295

West Ogwell

, 7

Otterton

187

190

206

187

204

257

920

966

1,071

Ottery St. Mary

513

554

693

546

753

715

2,415

2,8S0

3,524

Up-Ottery

150

161

158

168

161

177

795

820

886

Ven-Ottery

127

108

120

Paignton

246

333

309

323

355

359

1,575

1,639

1,796

Pancrasweek

330

403

529

Parkham

107

144

175

107

149

179

584

789

967

Parracombe

322

365

364

Peahembury

416

460

507

Peters Merlano.

289

306

343

North Pethervvin

145

152

149

164

152

185

672

828

955

Petrockstow

100

467

497

571

Pilton - - -

179

233

204

244

831

936

1,230

Pinhoe

102

106

353

412

477

Plymouth * - -

1,782

2,099

2,447

4,051

5,012

5,221

16,378

21,156

22,004

Plympton St. Mary

245

263

308

313

317

434

1,562

1,727

2,044

Plympton Maurice

103

117

145

165

604

715

762

Plymstock

286

332

408

366

471

588

1,633

2,164

2,735

Plymtree - -

375

371

3S1

Poltimore

250

266

270

South Pool

103

412

433

493

Portlemouth

298

331

391

Poughill

274

280

321

Povvderham

175

245

216

Puddington

135

158

176

East Putford

139

194

West Putford

274

314

425

Pyworthy

109

100

110

499

560

630

Rackenford

340

326

395

Rattery - - -

451

481

559

Revelstoke

103

417

445

484

Rew ...

195

283

280

Ringmore

309

302

328

Roborough

102

461

453

523

Rockbear

419

363

443

Romansleigh

156

168

214

Roseash - -

397

388

436

Rousedownf

Salcombe Regis

300

340

436

Sampford Courtenay

171

182

18S

173

184

193

960

971

1,017

Sampford Peverell -

143

159

171

143

194

174

763

894

739

* Including the parishes of St. Andrew and Charles, with
and Conipton Giffard.

t This parish was numbered with Axmouth.

the tithings of Weston Peverell

Sampford

DEVONSHIRE.

xlvii

PARISHES.

Inhabited Houses.

Families.

Number oflnhabitants.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

Sampford Spiney

205

319

333

Sandford - -

320

351

380

339

366

452

1,742

1,720

1,906

Salterleigh

Seaton and Beer

2C9

303

330

323

326

362

1,497

1,524

1,745

Shaugh

156

190

480

485

551

Shebbear

126

138

195

129

144

202

744

738

1,006

Sheldon - -

128

140

186

Sherford

380

366

429

Sherwill - - -

111

134

513

533

645

Shillingford St. George

Shipstor - -

129

Sbipwash

; 348

378

436

Shobrooke

134

144

: 140

144

147

! 686

724

737

Shute - - -

109

105

107

109

123

558

5S4

593

Sidbury

252

241

307

262

351

334

1,233

1,359

1,612

Sidmouth

229

310

480

247

310

562

1,252

1,688

2,747

Silverton - -

234

242

257

298

268

288

1,236

1,231

1,308

Slapton

102

109

123

' 102

114

133

558

572

689

Sourton - -

114

450

484

546

Southleigh

237

246

327

Sowton

318

261

183

Spreyton - - -

333

400

398

Church Staunton

112

122

175

196

145

193

j 730

741

862

Staverton

190

152

183

217

156

201

1,053

1,001

1,042

Storkleigh English

116

128

127

Stockleigh Pomeroy

196

212

226

Stoke Canon

254

285

337

Stoke Damarell

2,352

2,857

3,147

5,970

7,165

7,844

23,747

30,083

33,578

Stoke Fleming

111

109

118

116

114

133

578

620

686

Stoke Gabriel

128

531

572

638

Stoke in Teignhead

123

112

129

127

123

132

574

669

610

Stoke Rivers

225

237

291

Stokenham

250

262

286

250

262

317

1,301

1,273

1,487

East Stonehouse

358

532

717

739

1,492

1,592

3,407

5,174

6,043

Stoodley*

355

434

466

Stowford

235

339

394

Sutcombe

330

320

405

Swimbridge

163

202

242

188

222

256

1,082

1,150

1,374

South Sydenham

199

214

288

Tallaton'

393

348

393

Tamerton Foliot

122

146

165

137

176

186

747

949

1,101

Tavistock ...

472

495

680

804

1,026

1,194

3,420

4,723

5,483

Mary Tavy ...

110

133

376

631

933

Peter Tavy

291

376

444

Tawstock - -

181

207

240

226

238

253

1,131

1,136

1,237

Bishops Tawton

144

195

230

162

202

246

747

978

1,200

North Tawton

275

225

281

300

267

306

1,436

1,417

1,563

South Tawton

267

283

303

298

283

365

1,538

1,516

1,878

Tedburne St. Mary

107

113

117

122

527

580

709

Including the extra-parochial tithing of Highley St. Mary.

Teigngrace

xlviii

DEVONSHIRE.

Inhabited Houses.

Families.

Number of Inhabitants.

PARISHES.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

Teigngrace -
East Teignmouth

132

149

131

103

150

263

103

160

308

484

813

1,466

West Teignmouth

354

414

522

410

463

547

1,528

2,080

2,514

Bishops Teignton
Drew's Teignton

157

148

155

159

146

167

673

753

946

187

205

222

191

209

243

959

998

1,188

Kings Teignton
Templeton -
Tetcott -

167

192

219

169

195

223

856

1,001

1,131

200

179

198

166

204

256

Thelbridge

St. Thomas • • •

155

185

168

424

415

492

501

539

777

2,189

2,538

3,245

Thornbury - - -

105

330

383

517

Thorncombe

217

236

257

231

274

257

1,092

1,189

1,322

Tliorverton ...

306

264

274

306

280

276

1,168

1,248

1,317

Throwley . - -
Thrushelton

331

352

386

417

385

397

Thurleston - - -

356

392

426

Tiverton - -

1,221

1,260

1,321

1,397

1,340

1,587

6,505

6,732

8,651

Topsham - •

Tor Bryan - - -

Tor Mohun

462

573

567

625

669

619

2,748

2,871

3,156

258

280

277

143

253

308

188

273

389

838

1,350

1,925

Black Torrington

142

168

148

162

169

706

754

880

Great Torrington

347

390

455

408

446

545

2,044

2,151

2,538

Little Torrington

102

449

481

505

Totnes -

295

317

346

576

599

651

2,503

2,725

3,128

Townstall ...

118

124

221

233

—

1,014

987

—

Trentishoe . - -

128

124

130

Trusham - - -

135

152

192

Tvvitchen -

145

167

162

Ufl'culme - - -

356

360

390

375

405

1,837

1,564

1,979

Ugborough
Uplime -
Uplowman

160

193

241

160

202

244

956

1,137

1,429

126

122

176

137

135

191

549

629

848

360

377

425

Upton Helions

136

143

168

Upton Pyne

409

363

431

Virginstow ...

101

116

Walkhampton

336

532

670

Warkley . - -

291

298

268

Washfie'ld

422

431

457

Washl'ord Pyne

109

116

139

Weare Giffard

419

438

469

Kings Weare

300

280

328

Weleombe

220

224

247

Wembury -

109

390

450

564

Wemvvorthy

323

325

349

Werrington

111

104

111

489

491

635

Westleigh ...

408

391

452

Whimple ...
Whitechurch

120

483

461

557

103

117

119

478

595

692

Whitstone

101

113

471

515

585

Townstall was included in the enumeration of Dartmouth in 1821.

Widdecombe

DEVONSHIRE.

xlix

TARISHES.

Inhab

ited Houses.

Families.

Number of Inhabitants.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

1801.

1811.

1821.

Widdecombe in the Moor

102

184

144

102

197

148

1,043

1,151

934

Widworthy
Willand

245

230

274

255

221

289

Winkleigh
Withecombe Raleigh

211

202

262

246

225

280

1,214

1,168

1,436

151

160

185

152

166

242

692

859

1,054

Witheridge
Woodbury
Woodland

176

208

246

176

212

254

875

913

1,121

2fi3

273

212

297

277

304

1,286

1,361

1,494

2-1

2 1 2

241

233

Woodleigh

240

259

298

Woolborough

165

244

342

341

363

446

1,623

1,627

1,859

Woolfardisworthy, in th

109

IIP

109

140

591

782

754

hundred of Hartland

Woolfardisworthy, in th

131

181

213

hundred of Witheridge

East Worlington
West Worlington

190

215

253

158

151

172

Yarcombe

116

102

132

129

117

740

708

793

Yarnscombe

358

394

225

Yealnipton

182

187

241

183

192

274

993

1,051

1,235

Zeal Monachorum

117

101

104

117

101

115

622

624

681

Divisio7i of Property at the Time of the Domesday Survey.

The following is a table of the general division of property, at the time
of the Domesday survey :

Tenants in Capite.

Number of Manors held in
Demesne.

Number of
Manors held by
Under-Tenants.

Total.

The King -

The Bishop of Exeter

Jeffrey, Bishop of Constance b

78"

4
86 «

78
24
91

a Twenty-three of these manors had been ancient demesne of the crown, ad rcgmim pertinentes,
as it is expressed in the Exeter Domesday. Eighteen of them had belonged to Bristric, son
of Algar a Saxon noble, and were afterwards settled on Queen Matilda: on her death, in
10S3, they had become vested in the crown. Misled by the title of these lands in the Exeter
Domesday, we had supposed that they had still been in her hands at the time of the survey,
and that, therefore, that survey was of a few years prior date to the Exchequer survey. On a
further examination of the record, it appears, however, that she died before it was taken, and
that the manors were then in the King's hands. Nineteen of the King's manors had belonged
to Earl Harold ; eight of them to Ghida, the Earl's mother, sister of Swein King of Denmark ;
four to Edith, Queen-consort of Edward the Confessor, ; one had belonged to Asgar, a Saxon
thane ; and six to Earl Lewin, one of the sons of Earl Godwin.

b He was Chief Justiciary of England ; and some time William the Conqueror's Lieutenant
General.

c Seventy -three of these were held by Drogo, or Dru, a noble Norman, son of Walter de Ponz,
and brother of Richard, ancestor of the noble family of Clifford, who seems to have had the
largest possessions of any person in Devonshire. One of the others was held by the Bishop's niece.

Vol. VI. g The

DEVONSHIRE.

Tenants in Capite.

Number of Manors held in
Demesne.

Number of
Manors held by
Under- Tenants.

Total.

The church of Glastonbury

The church of Tavistock ...

The church of Buckfastleigh

The church of Horton

The church of Cranbourn

f2 churches, to one of!

—

The church of Battle ...

-j which was annexed a >
(. hide of land. J

—

The church of St. Mary Rouen

—

The church of Mount St. Michael

—

The church of St. Stephen Caen

The church of the Holy Trinity, Caen -

—

The King's clerks ...

—

Karl Hugh d - - -

—

The Earl of Moreton •

77 '

Baldwin the Sheriffs

17
fl4, besides the bo-^v
J rough and manor of (
J Totnes, the site of (
V, his barony - -)

164

181

Judhel, or Juhel de Totenais, or Totneis ''

107

William de Moion '

—

William Capra, or Chievre

William de Faleise ...

William de Poilgi, or Poillei

William de Owe k

—

d Hugh Earl of Chester.

c Robert Earl of Mortaine, half-brother to the Conqueror.

f Seventeen of these had belonged to Etmar Atre: seven to Ordulf Duke of Devon. Several of
the Earl's manors were held under him, at the time of the survey, by Reginald de Valletort;
four by Drogo ; eleven by Alured, probably Alured de Ispania, who held some manors in
cdpite.

6 He was one of the sons of Gilbert Earl of Brion (who was murdered in Normandy).
This Baldwin, who was one of the King's generals at the battle of Hastings, was called Bald-
win de Molis, Baldwin de Brion, and Baldwin de Sap ; and sometimes, at a later period, Bald-
win de Exeter. He had the barony of Okehampton, which was his chief seat ; and the castle
of Exeter, which he had built at the King's command. Earl Gilbert was son of Godfrey Earl
of Ewe, a natural son of Richard Duke of Normandy, the Conqueror's grandfather. It is pro-
bable, that Roger de Molis, who held some manors under this Baldwin, was his brother or son.
Ralph de Pomerei, who had a large estate in capite, held some manors under Baldwin the
Sheriff. Robert de Beaumont, brother probably of Roger de Beaumont, who was one of the
Conqueror's generals at the battle of Hastings, held four manors under Baldwin ; Rogo, or
Rogus, whose posterity gave their name to Holcombe Rogus, held seven ; Ralph de Bruer,
ancestor most probaby of the Lords Brewer, held three manors under Baldwin.

h Nothing is known of this person but that he possessed the baronies of Totnes and Barn-
staple ; which intimates that he was a Norman, and high in the Conqueror's favour.

1 Mohun ; his principal estate was in Somersetshire.

k Son of Robert Earl of Ow, or Ewe, in Normandy. The lands of William de Owe, and the
following persons, are entered in the Exeter survey, as the lands of free knights. Richard, son of
Earl Gilbert, Roger de Busli,' Ralph de Limesi, Ralph Paganel, Ralph de Felgcres, Aiulf,
Osbern de Salciet, Girold the Chaplain, Ansger Girard, Morin, and Floher, (not mentioned in
the Exchequer Domesday,) qu. ancestor of the Floyers ? Ralph Paganel and some others are
.called thanes in the Exeter survey.

Walter,

DEVONSHIRE.

Tenants in Capite.

Number of Manors held in
Demesne.

Number of
Manors held by
Under- Tenants.

Total.

Walter, or Walscin de Douay l

Walter de Claville"1

Goscelm ....

Goscelm de Exeter - -

Richard, son of Earl Gilbert »

Roger de Busli ° - -

Robert de Albemarle P -

Robert Bastard 1

Richard, son of Turolf ' -

Ralph de Limesi r - - -

Ralph Paganel s

Ralph de Felgers

—

Ralph de Pomerei '

Ruald Adobed, or Adobat

Tetbald Fitz-Berner" - - -

Turstin Fitzrolf -

Ahired de Ispania - -

Aimed Brito

Ansgar de Montagud - - -

—

Aiulf* ....

Odo Fitz Gamelin - - -

Osbern de Salcied, or Salciet

The wife of Hervei de Helion

— .

Girold the chaplain - - -

Girard - - -

— .

Godbold Balistariuss - - -

Nicholas ArchibalistariusJ

Fulcher Balistariusy

Haimer de Arcis ...

—

1 A great baron, who had the seat of his barony at Bampton ; his gand-daughter married
William Paganel.

m His male descendants continued to possess lands in Dorsetshire till of late years ; the last
heir male died in 1774.

" Gilbert Earl of Brion ; he was brother to Baldwin the Sheriff.

0 A Norman baron, who was possessed of numerous manors, chiefly in the north of England ;
his chief seat was at Tickhill, in Yorkshire.

p Ancestor of the Damarells, who gave name to Milton Damarell, and Stoke Damarell : a
branch of this family remained in Sir William Pole's time, but in a mean condition.

4 Sir William Pole observed, that the family remained in the county in his time, although
no longer possessed of the lands they held at the time of the survey. The present member for
the county is its representative.

r Son of the Conqueror's sister.

s William Paganel, the last of this family, was summoned to parliament as a baron, in the
reign of Edward II. Ralph Paganel was sheriff of Yorkshire.

' The ancestor of a baronial family, who had their seat at Berry Pomeroy, till the reign of
Edward VI.

" Ancestor of a family who possessed Holcombe Burnell ; improperly so called.

* Aiulf, who held lands in Dorsetshire, and who probably was the same person, is called
the chamberlain.

v It is possible, that these persons might have been so called from holding, as many persons
did, their lands by the render of a cross-bow. Archibalistarius might have been the chief
bow-bearer. The descendants of some of these persons bore the name of Alabaster for some
generations as a surname, and for their arms three cross-bows.

p; 2 Servants

DEVONSHIRE.

Tenants in Capite.

Number of Manors held in
Demesne.

Number of
Manors held by
Under- Tenants.

Total.

Servants of the King.

William Portitor z ...

—

William Hostiarus a

Fulcher - - -

—

Ansger -

—

Morin -

—

The priests of Bomine b -

—

The King's Thanes. c

Colvin -

—

Godwin . . -

—

Godric

—

Odo ...

—

Eldred, or Edred - -

—

- 3

Ahvard -

—

Ansgot ....

—

Donne - - -

—

Alnod - -

—

Ahvin - - -

—

Edwin - - -

—

Ulf

—

Algar - ...

—

Alric -

—

Aluric - - - -

—

Leuric ....

—

Saulf -

—

Saxon Ladies.

Alvevad ....

—

Alfhilla ...

—

Godevae ....

—

The following table shows more particularly who were the lords para-
mount, and the immediate holders of the several manors in the reign of
Edward the Confessor ; and at the time of the survey. The modern names
of the several manors are annexed, as far as they could be ascertained : —

* Door-keeper. a Usher.

b These priests are reckoned among the English thanes, in the Exeter Domesday. I sup-
pose them to have been the secular priests of Bodmin, which were settled there before the
foundation of the priory. See Leland.

0 The higher thanes were supposed to have been nearly of the same degree as barons ; these
are called in the Exeter Domesday, English thanes.

d Mother of Earl Morcar. * Widow of Brictric, in dower.

Acha

DEVONSHIRE.

liii

Ancient Names of Manors.

Aclia

Achia

Addeberia

Aexminstre

Afeton

Ailesburge

Ailesvestcote

Ailevescote

Ainechesdone
Ainechesdone

Aisbertone

Aiscirewell

Aiseforde

Aisse

Aisse
Aisse

Aisse -

Aissecoma

Aleslant

Alfintone

Alford

Alfordintone

Alfreincome -

Alintone

Almerescote
Alra
Alra -

Alra
Alra

Modern Names.

Exminster -
jAfton in West)
X Worlington - J

Aylesbeare

Qu. Allicott?
Aynkesdon -

Ashburton -
Shirwell

Ashford

Ash

f Ash, in South 1
\ Tawton - - j

Possessors in the Reign of
Edward the Confessor,

Ashcomb
Alphington

Allington
Alter

Ansgot

Vithelet -

Saricius

The King in demesne

Ailsi

Ailmar -

Merlesven
Frawin

Brictric

Brismar
Ailmer
Oluarda
Alwin

Brictric

Abbot of Buckfast-
leigh -

Letmar
Oluric

Seward -

Al uric Piga
Godric
Earl Harold
Brisnet
Alwid

Aimer

Godus

Levesgar

Merlesvanus

Edmer

Edmer
Godeva

Possessors when the Survey of
Domesday was taken.

f Richard, under Baldwin
I the Sheriff.

{Ahvis, under Odo Fitz
Gamelin.
f William, under Ralph de
{ Pomerai.

f Ralph de Pomerai,
\ demesne.
f Baldwin the Sheriff, in
{ demesne.

!Drogo, under the Bishop
of Constance.
Geffrey, Bishop of Con-
stance, in demesne.
Ralph Paganel.
Osbern de Salciet.
( Queen Matilda; afterwards
-j Juhel de Totnais, in de-
( mesne.

f Robert de Beaumont, un-
\ der Baldwin the Sheriff.
("Robert, under Baldwin the
X Sheriff.

{Walter Dapifer, under
Walter.
J Geffrey, Bishop of Con-
X stance, in demesne.

{Queen Matilda; afterwards
Goscelm, in demesne.

fRalph de Pomerai, in de
X mesne.

The King.

{Ansger, under Baldwin the
Sheriff.
Ralph de Pomerai.
Colvin, in demesne.
The King.
William Chievre, in demesne.
Alured de Ispania.

f Robert, under Baldwin the

I Sheriff.

J Turginus, under Juhel de

( Totnais.

j" Colvin, under Odo Fitz

X Gamelin.
Ralph Paganel.

f Drogo, under the Bishop

X of Constance.

{John, under Nicholas
Archibalistarius.
Odo Fitz Gamelin.

Alra-

liv

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Names of Manors.

Alraforde

Alseministre
Alesministre -
Alsemuda

Alveredescote

Alvingtone

Alwinetone -

Ahvinestone -

Alwinestone

Alwynelancavile

Anestiga

Anestige -
Anestige

Anestinge

Anestinghes

Apledore

Aire, or Avre

Asaberga
Assacote

Assileie

Aulescome
Aulescome -
Aulescome

Ausa

Aveton
Bacetesberie

Bachamore
Bacliedone
Bachemore

Badestane

Baentone
Bagathora

Baldrintone l

Modern Names.

)

Axminster

Axmouth
Alverdiscot
Allington
Alwington -

Anstey

Appledore

Ashbury
Ashleigh

Avdescombe
Aveton Gifford

Batson

Bampton

Bagtor

Possessors in the Reign of
Edward the Confessor,

Ivinus

The King in demesne

The King in demesne
Ordulf -

Alvvin

Alwin

Letwyn

Algar

Norman
Alnod

Godwin

Licunot

Ailward

Wadellus
Almar

Ailward
Chenias
Wichinus

Alebric

Ansger
Almar

Siricius
Algar
Ealous -

Uluric

The King
Ordritius

Alured

Possessors when the Survey of
Domesday was taken.

fRanulph, under Baldwin
I the Sheriff.

Ulf, under William Chievre.

{Erchenbald, under
Earl of Moreton.

the

Earl

fWas an appendage to Raweberge.

f Hamelin, under the
I of Moreton.
Fulgo,under Juhel deTotnais.

JMauger de Cartreo, under
the Earl of Moreton
Ralph de Pomerai.

TDrogo, under the Bishop

| of Constance.
Earl Hugh.
Earl Hugh.

f Ansger, under Baldwin the

I Sheriff.
Baldwin the Sheriff.

{Ralph de Bruer, under
Baldwin the Sheriff.

("William Niger, unde

\ Baldwin the Sheriff.
Tetbald Fitz Berner.
William Poillei.

f Ralph, under Juhel de

\ Totnais.

5 Ralph, under William

( Chievre.
Goscelm.

{Hamo, under William
Chievre.
( Roger, under Baldwin the
I Sheriff.
The King.
Alured Brito.

{Ralph, under Juhel de
Totnais.
JOsbert, under Juhel de
Totnais.
f Ralph, under Juhel de
( Totnais.

fHugh, under the Earl of
X Moreton.
Walscin de Douay.
Nicholas Archibalistarius.

{Drogo, under the Bishop
of Constance.

Barne-

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Names of Manors.

Modern Names.

Barnestaple -
Batesilles -
Bechatone

Bedendone

Bediforde -

Begatore -

Beldrendilant

Bellestan

Beneadone

Bera

Bere -

Bere

Bera
Bere

Beri

Beria
Berlescome

Berne'

Bernardesmore -

Bernintone, or Ber-]
nurtone - -J

Beuleie, or Benleie

Bigatone

Bicheberie

Bichecome
Bicheleie

Bichelia

•1

Bicheneleiek, orBich-

enlie
Bichenelie1
Bichentone ' -
Bicheorde™

Barnstaple
Bicton

Bideford

JBagtor, in Using
I ton

Belston -

Possessors in the Reign of
Edward the Confessor.

Beer -

Beer

Berry Pomeroy

Burlescombe

Qu. Bendley:

Bicaton

Bigbury

Bickleigh -

Bickington

The King, in demesne.

Doda

Ailsa

Ailmer

Brictric

Erdulf -

Elward

Osfers

Adnet

Ailnod

Brictrie

Bristuoldus

Abbot of Horton
Wordron

Alricius

Bishop of Exeter.
Oluietus

Aimer

Abbot of Tavistock.

Ailward

Godo, the priest

Ordulf

Ailmer
Brismar -
Ahvard

Possessors when the Survey of
Domesday was taken.

Brictric

Baldwin the Sheriff.
William Portitor. •>

{Drogo, under the Bishop
of Constance
Queen Matilda,
f Ansger, under Baldwin the
\ Sheriff.
J Drogo, under the Bishop
\ of Constance.

i Richard, under Baldwin
the Sheriff.
The wife of Hervei, under
Baldwin the Sheriff.
5 Walter, under Baldwin the
Sheriff.
{Drewe, under the Bishop
of Constance.
{Roger, under William de
Falesia.

Walter.

{Ralph de Pomerai, or
Pomeroy.

Walter de Claville.
Tigel, ui
Totnais,
"Rogo, under Baldwin the
• Sheriff.

{Gilbert, under Robert de
Albemarle.
Girold the Chaplain.
f Reginald de Valletort, un-
l der the Earl of Moreton.
fRobert de Herefort, under
I Robert de Albemarle.
William de Poillei.
f Ahvard, under the Earl of
\ Moreton.

Queen Matilda. '

Queen Matilda.
William Chievre.

k In Bridestowe.

h The porter, who, as possessor of this manor, had the custody of the county gaol.

'• Was appendant to Tavy. k Was appendant to Tavistock ; but afterwards to Bickenton.

1 Were appendant to North Molton. "i Was appendant to Lin.

Biheda

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Names of Manors.

Bilieda

Birlande

Biude

Blacaberge

Blacaberge
Blacagrave
Blacapole °
Blachagua

Blacheberia

Blacheorde
Blacbeslac
Blachewilla

Boccbelande

Bocbeforde

Bocbelande

Bochelande

Bocbelande

Bocbelande
Bocbelande

Bocbelande p

Bocbelande

Bochelande
Bochelande

Bochelande

Bocbelande

Bocbelant
Bochelant

Bocbelant

Bocheourde

}

Modern Names.

{Probably Beer 1
Alston" - -J

Probably Beer
Alston"

Blackborough

Buckland -

Buckland

Possessors in the Reign of
Edward the Confessor.

Olueron
Brisfort

Ordulf

Alvvard

Lewin

Alnod
Haca
The King in demesne.

Godric

Aihvin
Edwitius

Godo

Irich - - -

Ailsi

Alcerus

Alric

Alnot -

Alurix
Brismar

Edeva

Edmaratorius

Hecus
Odoman

Ulf

Ulmer

Brictric
Ulf

Ulveva

Possessors when the Survey of
Domesday was taken.

Walter.

!Sawin the priest, nephew
of Brisfort, to whom it
was given by Queen
Matilda.
{Rainald, under the Earl of
Moreton.
Walter de Claville.
f Ralph Botiner, under Wil
\ Ham the door-keeper.
Ralph de Pomerai.
William Poillei.

William Poillei.

{William Niger, under Bald
win the Sheriff.
{Ralph, under Juhel de
Totnais.
Ralph de Pomerai.

{Robert de Punchardon
under Baldwin.

fAlvietus, under Odo Fitz

£ Gamelin.

f Ansger, under the Earl of

\ Moreton.
Nicholas Archibaldistarius.

f Drogo, under the Bishop

\ of Constance.
William Chievre.

( Ansger, under Baldwin the

( Sheriff.

Baldwin, under Goscelm.
William de Poillei.

5 Hugh, under the Earl of
Moreton.
! Ansger Brito, under the
Earl of Moreton.
Juhel de Totnais.
Walter de Claville.
f Drogo, under the Bishop
\ of Constance.
f Drogo, under the Bishop
\ of Constance.
William Chievre.
Godfric, under Wm. Chievre.
f Drogo, under the Bishop
\ of Constance.
The Earl of Moreton.

" See the account of mines.
P Was appendant to Boltesberie.

Was appendant to Molland.

Bochiywis

DEVONSHIRE.

lvii

Ancient Names of Manors.

-i

Bochiywis

Bodeleie
Boldesworde 1

Boleham

Boleham
Bolehorde

Bolewis

Bolneie

Boltesberre, or Botes- '

berie
Bontintone r, or Bo-'j

tintone - -J

Borne

Bosleie

Boteberie

Botesforde -

Botreforde - - (

Botreforde - - J

Bovelie

Bovi - -7

Bovi - -j

Bradaleia

Bradeforde
Bradeforde
Bradeforde

Bradeforde

Bradefort
Bradefort ■
Bradehode

Bradeleie

Bradeleie
Bradenese
Bradestane
Bradeville

Bradewode

. r"

Modern Names.

Bokish

Bolham

•!

Boterford,
terford

or But-

Possessors in the Reign of
Edward the Confessor.

Bovey
Bradley

Bradford -

Bradford -
Broadwood

Bradley

Bradninch

Brad well

Broadwood

Three Thanes

The King in demesne.

Godwin

Aimer -

Brictric
Almar -

Lieuegar

Alwin

Edmer

Ednet - - -
Chippinus -
Brictric

Wado

Alwin -
Alric
Tovi -
Olmar -
Edric

Joannes

Hardolf -

Aimer - - -

Brangar

Edritius

Sawinus

Aileva -

Algar

Leuric

Ailwin

Algar --.

Edmer
Bristold
Earl Harold
Edric

IChenistanus -

Possessors when the Survey of
Domesday was taken.

Tetbald Fitz Berner.

Baldwin the Sheriff.

f Otelin, under Baldwin the

I Sheriff.

William the Door-keeper.
Godric.

{Richard, under Ralph de
Pomerai.
! Drogo, under the Bishop
of Constance.
f Hugh, under the Earl of
I Moreton.

The Bishop of Exeter.

Godbold Balistarius.
f Ruffus, under Baldwin the
I Sheriff.
f Richard, under the Earl of
( Moreton.
William Poillei.
f Torgis, under Juhel de
I Totnais.
William de Poillei.
Geffrey Bishop of Constance.
C Turgis, under Juhel de
\ Totnais.

f Drogo, under the Bishop
X of Constance.
f Beatrix his sister, under
\ William Chievre.
William de Falesia.
f Reginald de Valletort, tin-
\ der the Earl of Moreton.
f Nigel, under Juhel de
\ Totnais.

( William, under Juhel de
X Totnais.
Baldwin the Sheriff.
f Motbert, under Baldwin
X the Sheriff.
( Ralph, under Juhel de
X Totnais.

{Drogo, under the Bishop
of Constance.
Haimer de Arcis.
William Chievre.
The King.
Ralph de Limesei.
J Nigel, under Juhel de
) Totnais.

« In Bridestowe manor.

r This manor was an appendage of Braunton, and afterwards of Haustone.

Vol. VI. h

Braie

lviii

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Names of Manors.

Braie

Braie
Braie

Branchescome

Brandone
Branfort

Branfortune

Brantone

Braordine s

Bratone

Brawordine
Bredelie

Bredvice

Bremelcome

Bremerige

Brenfort

Brente

Bretricestan

Brideforde

Bridestou

Brlge
Brigeforde

Brigeforde

Briseham

Brisestone

Brisforde

Bristanestone

Bristeleshorde

Bristricliestone

Brochelande

Bruehesurde

Bulgeret

Bulfestre

Modern Names.

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-
fessor.

Bray

Branscombe
Brendon

Braunton

Bratton
Bradworthy

fBremridge, in")
I South Moltonj

Brent

Brixton
Bridford
Bridestmve
Bridgerule -

Brixham

Brusliford
Brixton

Buckfastleigli

(Aihvard
Ahvin
Ulvin - -
(The Bishop of
Exeter for the
support of the
canons.
Alward Tochesone
Aluevia

Wlnot

J The King in de-
l mesne.

Brictric
Ordafers

Ordulf

Tavi
Olweva

Ailmar

Algher

Edmer

Brungar

(The Abbot of

{ Buckfastleigli.

| The Bishop of

1 Exeter.
Alwin

Edmer

Frawin
Alviss

Lieuric

Ulf

Aluric

Sedwin

Aluric

Olnot

Colvin

Elmer

Ailard the monk

Iric

Oslac

(The Abbot of
I Buckfastleigli.

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
{ stance.
Alnod.

Ralph de Pomerai.
Walter de Claville.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

X stance.

William Chievre.
Baldwin the Sheriff.
Earl of Moreton.

{Erchenbold, under the Earl of
Moreton.
Ralph de Pomerai.
Rainald, under Odo Fitz Gamelin.
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con
\ stance.
Ansger.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
Walter, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Juhcl de Totnais.

! Ralph de Pomerai, under Baldwin
the Sheriff.
Ruald Adobed, or Adobat.
Godfrey, under Goscelm.

f Godfrey the chamberlain, under

( Baldwin the Sheriff.
Juhel de Totnais.
William, under Juhel de Totnais.
William, under Juhel de Totnais.
Ciodbold Arbalistarius.
Richard, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Colvin.

Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.
Godfrey, under Ralph de Pomerai.
Ansger, under the Earl of Moreton.
Robert de Albemarle.

An appendage of Esestaple.

Buretone

DEVONSHIRE.

lix

Ancient Names of Manors.

Buretone

Buriestecome

Buterleie
Cacheberge
Cadabirie
Cadelie
Cadelie
Cadewile'
Cagefort,orChage
ford

Cagefort

Celodelie
Caluclie

Cannes

Carsville

Carsewille

Carsvelle

Casford "
Cedelintone

Celdccombe

Celvertesberie

Cercille

Cercitone

Cerintone

Ceritone

Chadeledone

Chadewille

Chaeledone

Chalmonleage

Chederlie

Cheleforde

Cheletone

Cheletone
Chelvertesberie

Chemeworde

Cheneoltone
Chenighedone
Chenistetone
Chenleie

Modern Names.

Burraton

Butterleigh

Cadbury
Cadleigh
Cadwell
Chagford

Calverleigh

Kings Carswell ■
Abbots Carswell ■

Cheriton

Chalvedon
Chederleigh

Knighton, or 7
Knightestonj

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-
fessor.

Ahvin

Ahiric

Edwin
Sewin
Inguar

f Ahvard

X Two Thanes
Alveron.

Merlosuan

Dodo

Almar
Sedward

Brismar

Merlesoan
fThe King
\ demesne.
5 The Abbot
\ Horton.

Sawin Tope

Guitda

Ulmer

Ailwin

Bristuold
Ulf

J Aimer
Alestan
Mathildis
Brismar
Alveron
Elmerd
Brismer
Hadimar
Oseva

Edric

Hecus

Alwin

Edwin

Algar
Edwi

Osfers

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

Odo, under Juhel de Totnais.

! Drogo, under the Bishop of Con>
stance.
Edwin.

Rainer, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
William Chievre.
William Chievre.
William the Door-keeper.

Ralph Paganell.

C Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

\ stance.
Godric.
Baldwin the Sheriff.

{Robert de Bellomonte, or Beau-
mont, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Gonher, under Ralph Paganel.

Baldwin the Sheriff.
The King.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con

\ stance.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

\ stance.

Norman, under William de Falesia.

Juhel de Totnais.

Tetbald Fitz Bcrner.

Godwin.

Ansger de Senarpont.

Walter de Claville.

Walter, under Baldwin the Sheriff

Baldwin the Sheriff.

Alured, under the Earl of Moreton.

Colvin.

{Robert, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
Juhel de Totnais.
Odo, Bishop of Constance.
f The niece of the Bishop of Con-
\ stance, under the Bishop,
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
X stance.
Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.

Roger, under the Bishop of Exeter.

Motbert, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

1 An appendage of Sideham.

» Appendant to the manor of Bridestowe.
h 2 Chent

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Names of Manors.

Client
Chentesbere

Chentesbere

Chentesberie

Chentone

Chenutdestane

Clienutdestane

Chenvestan

Cliereforde

Cherletone

Cbetellescome

Chetellescote

Cheveletone

Chevetorne

Chichelesberie

Chiempabere

Chienemetone

Chinnesfort -

Cbiveorne

Chiwarthiwis

Cocbintone -

Chritetone

Cicetote

Ciclet

Cilletone
Ciretone

Citremetone, orCu- 1
remtone - ■ j
Clavetone
Clehangre
Cliforde
Clifort

Clis

Clisewic or Cbisewic

Clist - -1

Clist

Clist
Clist

-J

Modern Names.

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-
fessor.

Kenne

Kentisbeer

Kentisbury
Kenton

Knowstone

Cbeinstone

Cbarleton

Cbarlton

Chettescombe

Chivelstone
Cbevethorne

Chivenor
Cockington

Cbillaton

Clavvton
Claylianger

Clist

Clist St. Mary

Brismer
f Edwin

(.Norman

Almar
Eideta

fAlfilla

I Algar
Algar

CTbe Abbot of

\ Buckfastleigh.

Semar
Olmar
Chetel
Aluric
Almar
Ailric

Aiolf

Earl Lewin

Ezius

Almar

Two Thanes

Alric

( The Bishop of

\ Exeter.
Brismar

Goner

Ailmar
Chitel

Godwin

Aluered
Oltred
Adred
Brismer

Edritius

Wichinus

fAlward

Alwm

Ultret

Boughred

Four Thanes -

Ulveuia
[Wigo

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

Baldwin the Sheriff.

{William Niger, under Baldwin
the Sheriff.
William Niger, under Baldwin
the Sheriff.
Baldwin in demesne.
The King.
Alfilla.
Algar.
Roll, under Walscin de Douay.

Odo, Bishop of Constance.
Bretell, under the Earl of Moreton.
Ansger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Riculf, under Walter.
Ralph, under Juhel deTotnais.
Beatrix, under Ralph de Pomerai.
William, under Juhel de Totnais.

( Roger Flandrensis, under Ruald

( Adobed.
The King.

("William Niger, under Baldwin

I the Sheriff.
Rogro, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

{Helgot, under Fulcher Archibalis-
tarius.
William de Falesia.

Roger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

( Walter Silvestris, under Walter de

1 Claville.
Odo Fitz Gamelin.
Ralph de Pomerai.

Godwin.

Juhel de Totnais.

Robert, under William de Moione.

Godbold Balistarius.

Stephen, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

{Godfrey, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.
Alward, under the Earl of Moreton.
Edwin.
Osbern.
Otelin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

{The canons of St. Mary, under
Baldwin.
{The canons of St. Mary, under
Baldwin.
Geffrey, Bishop of Constance.

Clistone

DEVONSHIRE.

1X1

Ancient Names of Manors,

Clistone
Clouelie

Cloenesberge

Cochalescome

Codaford

Coic

Colacome

Colebroce

Coleleie

Coletone
Coletone

Coletone

Colewille

Collabere

Colrige

Colsovenescote

Colteshorde

Colum

Colura

Colun

Colunp

Come

Combe

Combe *

Conba

Conma

Modern Names.

Broad Clist
Clovelly

Cofford

Cowick

Colcombe

Colebrooke

Cowley

Colyton

Colybeare
Coleridge

Columb-David, Co
lumb-john, Co-
lumb-Pyne, and
Collumpton

Comb

Possessors in the Reign

of Edward the Con

fessor.

Ordulph
Brictric

Godman the priest

Ineguar

Eldric
Ailmar
Oslac
Samer

Aimer

Cliepin

Colo

Alward

Aluric

Earl Harold -
Almar
Adelwold

fBichus

| Alvieva

\ Edmer

[■

Alward
Colvin

{Adestan
Brismar
Godwin
Brismer

Ailward

Aluric

Brongar

Gonerd

Edmar
<j Alrist
Ailmer

Ahvold

Aluric
Ansgot
Bristric
Colbrand
'(.Dodo

Edmar

Alnod

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

The King.

J Queen Matilda, and afterwards

I Goscelm.

f Ralph de Pomerai, under Baldwin

I the Sheriff.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

\ stance.
Odo.

Baldwin the Sheriff.
Robert de Albemarle.
Bretel, under the Earl of Moreton.
Mainfred, under William Chievre.

SHerchenbold, under theEarl of
Moreton.
Turgis, under Juhel de Totnais.
Warin, under Juhel de Totnais.

{Ralph de Pomerai, under Juhel
de Totnais.
The King.

Rogro, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Morin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Ailric, under Walscin de Douay.
Alvieva, under Walscin de Douay.
Odo, under Juhel de Totnais.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

l stance.
Alward.
Colvin.
Godwin.

Fulcerius Archibalistarius.
Otelin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Rogo, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

( Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

\ stance.
Rainald, under the Earl of Moreton

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

£ stance.

{Walter Silvestris, under Walter
de Claville.
Odo, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
William, under Juhel de Totnais.
Jagelin, under Tetbald Fitz Berner.

{Ralph de Pomerai, under Juhel
de Totnais.
William Chievre.

Donnus, under the Earl of Moreton.
William de Falesia.
Oliver, under Tetbald Fitz Berner.
Baldwin the Sheriff.
Haimer de Arcis.
Goscelm

1 This manor was in Bridestowe.

Contesberie

lxii

DEVONSHIRE,

Ancient Names of Manors.

Modern Names.

Contesberie
Contone

Coritone

Cornehude

Corneorde

Corr.eorde

Cortescanole

Coteleie

Crabecombe

Cravelec

Crauuecome
Crawecome y
Crawecome*

Cressewalle

Crideholde

Cridie

Cridie
Crochewelle

Crue

Culitone
Culmcstoclie

Cume
Dalilea
Danescome
Deidestan orTEdel-
stan

Dene

Deneorde a
Denesberge
Deneswynesdone
Depdone b

Depeforde

Deppaford

Derte

Dertere

Dertrintone

Devenaberie

Didasam

Countesbury
Compton

Coryton

Cormvood

Cornworthy
Corn worthy

Cotleigh
Creacomb

Creedy
Crockernwell

Culmstock

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-
fessor.

Dean
Denwortliy

Dipford and
Diptford

Dart

Dartington

Denbury

Dittisham

Ailmer
Osolf

Alwin
Edmar

Ulf
Alwin

Edmar

Seward

Alwin Dapifer -

(Lieuegar
< Aimer
£ Seward
Ordric

Ordulf

fGoda

(.Goda -

Ulf
Ailward

f The King in de-

\ mesne.

fThe Bishop of

{ Exeter.
Alestan
Bristric
Sagar

Etzi

Alwin

Ailricli
Godric
Tovi
Alric

f The King inde-

\ mesne.

f Alric

\ Leuegar
Alwald
Alwin

f Archbishop 1

I Aldret. -j

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

William Chievre.

Stephen, under Juhel de Totnais.

{Drogo, son of Malger, under the
Bishop of Constance.
t Reginald de Valletort, under the
| Earl of Moreton.
Alured Brito.
Juhel de Totnais.

5 Ralph de Pomerai, under Juhel
de Totnais.
f Ricardus, under the Earl of More-
{ ton.
Ansger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

{Earner, under the Bishop of Con
stance.
Ansger, under Baldwin.
Alured Brito.
Ansger, under Baldwin.
Girard, under Walscin de Douay.

{Erchenbold, under the Earl of
Moreton.
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
\ stance.

William, under Ralph de Pomerai
Rainald, under Ruald Adobat.
William the door-keeper.

Godwin.

Odo EitzGamelin.

William, under Ralph de Pomerai

J William Chievre and Ralph de

\ Pomerai in moieties.

I Four knights, under William de

| Falesia.
The King.
Colvin.

Ralph de Pomerai.
William de Falesia.

Oluric, of Walscin de Douay.
Ralph, under William de Poillei.
Ralph, under William de Poillei.
Alwald, under Tetbald Fitz Berner.
William de Falesia.

The Abbot of Tavistock.

Bald win, under the Bishop of Exeter

y An appendage of Bacetesberie.
a An appendage of Alseministre.

2 An appendage of Crabecome.
b An appendage of Cochintone.

Dime-

DEVONSHIRE.

IXIll

Ancient Names of Manors.

Dimewoldesham

Dinintone

Dise

Dochorde
Dodebroce
Dodecote
Doduceswille

Doelis
Dondritone

Done

Done
Done
Doneslande

Donestantone
Donewoldham
Donicestone

Donitone

Donsedoc

Doune

Drakeforde

Dueltone

Dueltone
Duueltone

Dune

Dunesforde

Dunestal

Dunestanetune

Dunewinasdone

Dunitone

Dwelande d

Dwelande

Edeslege

Edetone

Efforde

Eighebere

Eisse

Ele
Elintone

}

Modern Names.

Doniton

Dodbrook
Doddescote
Qu. Dunkswell ?

Dawlish

Donne

Dunsland
f Doningston, 1
\ or Dunston j

Dunston

(Do
I 1

oniton, (
Dotton
Dunchidiock

Dolton

Donne

Dunsford

Qu. Townstall ? -

Qu. Dunston ? -

Qu. Dunterton ?

Dowland

Iddesleigh

Eft'ord
Eggbeare

Qu. Hele?

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-
fessor.

Algar

Donna

Alviva

Alfleta

Bristric'

Dodo

Aimer

f Tbe Bishop of

{ Exeter.

Brismer

!The Abbot of
Buckfastleigli.
Alebric
Mathild
Oluric

Algar

Ademar

Doninus

Earl Harold

Merlesvein

Edric

Alveron

!01f
Bristric
Edric

Algar

Ltjroan'in
Saulf
Ansger
Edwin
Toui

f Two thanes

^ Award
Bristric
Algar
Brismar
Lieuegar
Two thanes

Two thanes

{The King in de-
mesne.

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

William de Falesia.

f Reginald de Valletort, under the

I Earl of Moreton.
Goscelm.

Walter, under Ruald Adobat.
Godeva, widow of Bristric.
Walter Burgoin, under Goscelm.
Ralph de Pomerai.

Ralph de Bruer, under Baldwin
the Sheriff.

William, under Juhel de Totnais.

Odo

Cadio, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Algar

j Aluered, under the Earl of More

i ton.

j Mauger de Cartreo, under the

| Earl of Moreton.

j The Abbot of St. Michael d

\ Monte.
Ralph Paganel.
Ralph de Limesei.
Walter de Claville.

f William, son of

1 married the daughte

/. win.

Ansger de Senarpont.

Ansger.

fDrogo, under the Bishop of Con-

\ stance.
Godwin.
Saulf.

Ralph, under Walscin de Douay.
Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.
Ralph de Pomerai.
Reginald, under the Earl of Moreton.
Walter de Claville.
Walter de Claville.
Queen Matilda.

Fulgo, under Juhel de Totnais.
Robert, under Baldwin the Sheriff'.
.VIotbert, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Ralph de Pomerai.

SErchenbald, under the Earl of
Moreton.

Wimund, who
of Bald-

c The name is sometimes written Bristric and sometimes Brictric in the two records.
<! An appendage of Lollardesdone.

Eltemetone

lxiv

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Names of Manor;-

Eltemetone
Engeborne

Engestecote -

Englebome -
Erintone

Erticome
Esastaple, or Eses

taple
Escage
Escapeleie -
Escapeleie -
Escapeleie -
Eschipebroce
Escobecome d
Eslapaforde
Esmarige or

maurige
Esmithebam
Esnideleie
Espice
Esprecome
Espredelestone
Espreitone
Esse
Essaple

Essebertone -

Essecestre -

Esselingaforde

Esseministre

Essemundehorde

Esseorde °

Essetone

Essoic

Estaforde

Estandone -

Estantone

Estapeleie

Estatforde

Estaveforde
Estoche -
Estocbe

Estocheleie
Estocheleie

Modern Names.

orXaVcTt^r Possessors when the Survey of Don,esdav
c was taken,

lessor.

Qu. Hcngescot ?

Ingleborne

Qu. Ermington ?

Yarcomb

Sbapleigh

Scobbescombe
Smallridge

Spriddleston
Spreyton
Rose Ash

Ashburton

Exeter -

ShiUingford
Exminster

Ashton

. Stafford
' I Staunton
Stapley

Stafford

Stoke

Stockleigh

Elmer

Brismar

fGole, Hedric,"}
1 and Godric, >
(_ three thanes J

Alrix

Ansger

Earl Harold

Godric

Alebricius

fAret ■ -

i A thane

LUluric
Bristric
Bristric
Bristric

Olnod

A 1 uric

Edric

Earl Harold

Fitell

Four thanes

Osfers

Elward

Aluric

f The Bishop

| Exeter.

iThe King in de
mesne.
Brismar
Wichin
Brismar

Eurewac
Ednod

f Algar the priest

\ Ahvena.
Bristold

Sawin

Edric
Alric
Ulveva

Alsi
Alveva

Rainald, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Baldwin the Sheriff.

Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.

Rainald, under William de Falesia.

The King.

The abbey of St. Michael de Monte.

inschetel, under William Chievre.

Torgis, under Juhel de Totnais.
Robert, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Girold the chaplain.
Godwin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Walter, under Walter de Claville.
Ludo, under Walscin de Douay.
Queen Matilda.

Ralph de Pomerai.

Ansger, under the Earl of Moreton.

Gilbert, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

The King.

Tetbald Fitz Berner.

Rainald, under the Earl of Moreton.

Baldwin the Sheriff.

Ralph, under William Chievre.

Aluric.

Fulcer or Fulcher Archibalistarius

William Chievre.

Gilbert, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

The wife of Hervei.

The wife of Hervei de Helion.

Baldwin the Sheriff.

Earl Hugh.

Ralph de Pomerai.

Nicholas Archibalistarius.
f Redulf Vitalis, under Odo Fitz
\ Gamelin.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
\ stance.
William de Poillei.
f Winemer, under William de Fa<
\ lesia.

IErchenbald, under the Earl of
Moreton.
Ralph de Pomerai.

d This manor was an appendage of Hainberie, afterwards of Grenoulie.

e It was made an appendage to the manor of Sufferstan : it is written in the Exchequer

Estocheleie

.... ..«« ......... — .-j

Domesday Hacheurde.

DEVONSHIRE.

Ixv

ent Na

s of Manors.

Estocheleie -
Estoclieleie -
Estocheleie -

Estoclieleie -

Estocheleie -
Estocheleie
Estodleie -

Estolie

Estotacome -

Estotdone

Estotleie

Estrete
Etcheborne

Falleie

Farweie
Farweie -
Fedaven

Fen -

Ferdendelle, or
Ferdindela

Ferdendelle

Ferentone

Fereordin

Ferhendone

Ferleie f

Ferleie -

Fernehille

Fernewode s

Ferse

Ferurdi

Fileleie

Finatone

Fluta

Flutes
Folefort

Foletona

Forde
Forde

-1

-J

Stockleigh-

Stoodley

' Stodiscombe,
or Stuttes-
comb - -

Street
Exborne

Modern Names.

Far way

Qu. Feniton?

Fardell -

Farringdon
Farringdon

Fernhill
Farwood
Fursham -

Qu. Feniton?

Fleet

Fulford -
Foleton

Ford

■{

Possessors in the Reign

of Edward the Con

lessor.

■

Alward

Colvin

Hadimar

Haimer

Orgar
Saulf
Aimer

Alwin

Ulf

Alwin

Bristwold

Ailmer
Aimer

Bristuold

Ailmer

Chenias
fEdlovedief &
I Eideva

Norman

Domnus -

Two Brothers.

Edwin

Alric

Dona

Alwin

Godwi

Alcerlus

Godric -

Osfers

Etmar

jThe Abbot
I Horton.

Bristwold

Aritius

Aluric

Alveva
Otrus

•}

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

Alward, under the Earl of Moreton.
Albered, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
The Earl of Moreton.

{Alured Pincerna, under the Earl
of Moreton.
Alured Pincerna, under the Earl.
Rainald, under the Earl.
Robert, under Ralph de Pomerai.
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
X stance.

Morin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

William, under Juhel de Totnais.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

[ stance.

Torstin, under Ralph de Pomerai.
Roger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

\ stance.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

X stance.
Ludo, under Goscelm.

Walter Burgoin, under Goscelm.

' Reginald de Valletort, under the
Earl of Moreton.

Godfrey, under the Earl of Moreton.

f Reginald de Valletort, under the

X Earl of Moreton.
Bretell, under the Earl of Moreton
Ricolf, under Goscelm and Walter.
Fulcer, Archibalistarius.
The King.
Ansgot.

Torgis, of Juhel de Totnais.
Baldwin the Sheriff.
William de Falesia.
William Chievre.
Baldwin the Sheriff.
Drogo, under the Earl of Moreton.

Robert de Albemarle.

Motbert, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
f The church of St. Mary, by the
j gift of Juhel de Totnais.

Ranulf, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.

f An appendage of Depeforde.
Vol. VI.

E An appendage of Bridestowe.

Fra-

lxvi

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Names of Manors.

Framintone
Fredeletescoc

Friseham -

Furintone

Galmentone -
Gatcumbe
Gatepade -

Gateshore

Ghemeslete

Ghiderleie, or Chi

derleie
Gidesam

Gildescote

Godelege

Godescote

Godevacote

Gohewis -

Gorwille

Gosewelle

Grennelize

Grenoveia

Gretedone

Haberie -

Hacome

Hadreleie

Hagawile

Hagintone

Hagintone, or Ha- |
intone - -j
Hainghestecote

Hainoc

Haiserstone -

Haldiurdi -
Haleston - - 1
Haletron - - J
Halgewille
Halsbretone

Modern Names.

Fremington
Fritlielstock

Galmton

Gatcombe

Gappah

Gittisham -

Goodleigh -

Gorbuish -
Goosewell -
Greenway -

Haccomb -
Hatherleigh

Heanton Pun-1
chardon - J

Hengescot

Hennock

Qu. Ascerton? -

Qu. Hardworthy?

Halstow - - -!

Halwell -
Halberton

Possessors in the Reign

of Edward the Con

fessor.

Earl Harold
Ordulf -

Edmeratorius

Ahvin

Goda
Burgered
Five Thanes

Edwi - - , -

Walo

Godwin the priest

Chinias

Ulward

Ulward
Bristric
Godeva
Alnot

Colbrand -
Hoccha
Four thanes
Alsi

Alcerius

Alnod

Ote -

Ulf

J The Abbot of

I Tavistock.

Aluric

Ulfert -

f Ulmar and 7
I Godritius -j

Ulf

Alnod

f The Abbot of
\ Buckfastleigh.

Earl Harold

Aired -

Bristric

Bristric -

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

Geffrey, Bishop of Constance.

{Robert Fitz Ivo, under the Earl
of Moreton.
{Alured de Pincerna, under the
Earl of Moreton.
iThe wife of Engelbald, under
the Bishop of Constance.
Ralph de Felgers.
Ansger, the King's servant.
Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.
f Ansger Brito, under the Earl of
\ Moreton.
f Rainer Dapifer, under Baldwin
\ the Sheriff.

Godwin, under the Earl of Moreton

Goscelm.

{Gilbert, under Robert de Albe-
marle.
Robert de Albemarle.
Colwin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Goscelm.

Bernard, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Oliver, under Tetbald Fitz Berner.
Robert, under William de Poillei.
Nicholas Archibalistarius.
Ludo, under Walscin de Douay.

SDrogo, under the Bishop of
Constance.
Rainer, under Baldwin.
Robert, under William Chievre.
Stephen, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

William, under Juhel de Totnais.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con<
stance.

Uluric, under Walscin de Douay.

{Robert de Punchardon, under
Baldwin the Sheriff.
Geffrey, Bishop of Constance.

{Roger Fitzpaine, under Baldwin
the Sheriff.

The King.

Godbold Balistarius.

Robert de Albemarle.

Queen Matilda, afterwards Goscelm.

Queen Matilda The King.

Hame

DEVONSHIRE.

ixvn

Ancient Namesof Manors.

Hame -

Hame
Hamberie

Hamilioc

Hamistone

Hanberie -

Hanca

Hane, or Hanc

Hanenchelole

Hantone

Hantone -
Hantone
Hantone
Hareoe
Harestane -
Harestane
Hanstone lj
Hax -
Heicrde

Hele

Hele -

Helescavea
Hemberie -
Henleie
Heppastebe '

Herberneforde

Hercfarde

Herlescome

Hermondesworthe

Hernescome
Herstanaliaie
Hertitone
Hesmalacome

Hetfelt

Hevetruue

Hevis

Hewis

Hewise

Hidone

Modern Names.

Ham

Hembury

Hemiock -
Hempston

Qu. Annery?
Anke

Heanton,or Hamp
ton

Harston

Hele -

- Hembury -

Qu. Hippestan ?
Qu. Wobernford?

Harford

Hermanswortby
Yarnscomb

Harton

Heathfield - ,
Heavitree -

Huish

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-
fessor.

J Clay, or Clistl
\ Hydon -j

f The Abbot of
\ Tavistock.
Godric -

{The King in de
mesne.
Earl Harold
Ordulf
Bristric

f Oluardus - -
I Burgered
Wadel -

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

Brismar

■> Brismar -
I Bristeva

vUIf -

f Edric - -

/ Sueta
Ordulf
Aimar
Cbippin

rEdwi

' Olf -

'.Two thanes

,, edric
*-dnc
Brismer
Oluardus -

Alric

Ordulf
Two thanes
Ahvard -

Godwin

Canistrus -

Guitda

Godwin

/The Abbot of

{ Buckfastleigh

Wichin

(Algar -
Ailwin -
Edric
Wichinus

Godwin

Colvin.

Odo Fitz Gamelin.

The King.

Hamelin, under the Earl ofMoreton.

Odo Fitz Gamelin.

Ralph de Pomerai.

Ifalph de Pomerai.

Rainald, under the Earl ofMoreton.

f Robert de Punchardon, under

I Baldwin the Sheriff.
Roger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Colvin.

Helgod, under Ralph de Pomerai
Geffrey Bishop of Constance.
Rainald, under the Earl ofMoreton.
Rainald undertime Earl ofMoreton.
The Bishop of Exeter.
Motbert, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Godbold Balistarius.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con

( stance.
Godbold Balistarius.

{Erchenbold, under the Earl of
Moreton.
William, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Odo.

Ralph de Pomerai.
Ralph de Pomerai.

{Reginald de Valletort, under the
Earl of Moreton.
{Reginald de Valletort, under the
Earl of Moreton.
Tetbald Fitz Berner.
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con
( stance.
Robert, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Goscelm de Exeter.
The King.
Roger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.
Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.
Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.
Rainald, under the Earl ofMoreton.
Hamo, under William Chievre.

Otelin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

It had been part of Brantone.

i 2

An appendage of Hanca.

Hierde

lxviii

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Names of Manors.

Modern Names,

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-
fessor.

Hierde

Hierlege

Hille -
Hillesdone -

Hindefort

Hitenesleie -

Hoca, or Hoche

Hochaorde

Hochesam -

Hochesile

Hocoorde

Hole

Hole -

Holbeme

Holebroce

Holcome

Holecome -

Holecome

Holecome -

Holecome, or

Holescome k
Holecumbe
Holescome
Holle
Holne
Holnham
Homacheforde
Honecberche -

Honelande

Honessam
Honetone
Horeode '

Horeuude

Horewode -

Hortone

Hundatore

Huneseva
Hunitone
Huntesberie -
Hywis

Ide -

Ilesam
Ilestintone m -

■S

Hill
Hillersdon

Hittesleigh

Hooe
Hooke
Hockford
Huxham

Hole
Holbeame

Holcombe

Holcombe and
Hollacombe

Holne

Honeychurch

Huntsbam
Honiton

Horwood

Hountor

Huish
Ide

lllsington

Almar

Oliveva -

Etmar
Sirwald

Brorus -

Doda

Alebrix

Ulf

Etnod

Wichin

Ahvard

Colebran

f Etmar

\ Saw-in
Ordritius -
Godwin

f Aimar

\ Alwin -

f Seward

-J The priests

(_ Bomine.

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

Bristric

Leugar

Alwin

Edolf

Edmar -

Edmer

Alwin Niger
f Halebrix and 7
1 Algard -j

Alric the Priest -

Elmer

f Osulf -
I. Alward -
Osulf -

Alward
Alwald -
Editda -
Alwid

fThe Bishop of

(_ Exeter.

Berus
Merlesuen

Ansger, under Baldwin.

j Drogo, son of Malger, under the

I Bishop of Constance.
Haimer de Arcis.
Ratnald, under Odo Fitz Gamelin.

{Ralph de Pomerai, under Juhel
de Totnais.
i Ralph de Pomerai, under Baldwin
the Sheriff.
Stephen, under Juhel de Totnais.
Godbold Archibalistarius.
Girard, under Walscin de Douay.
Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.
Ruald Adobat.

Roger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Tetbald Fitz Berner.
Gosbert, under Tetbald Fitz Berner.
Nicholas Archibalistarius.
Godwin.

Ralph de Pomerai.
Walter de Douay.
Rogo, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

William Chievre.

Queen Matilda.

Ralph de Pomerai.

William de Falesia.

Otelin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Gilbert, under Ruald Adobat.

Rainald, under Ruald Adobat.

Walter, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.

Odo Fitz Gamelin.

Dreus, under the Earl of Moreton.

Geffrey, Bishop of Constance.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.

Ralph de Pomerai.
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Can-
't stance.

f Rainald, under the Abbot of Ta-
\ vistock.

William Chievre.

Odo Fitz Gamelin.

Walter de Douay.

Goscelm.

f Roger, under William the door
\ keeper.
Ralph Paganel.

An appendage of Otric

Appendant to Hortone.

Appendant to Linton.

Incrintone

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Names of Manors

Modern Names.

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

fessor.

Incrintone

•

Algar

William Chievre.

Inudeborde

Tetbald Fitz Berner.

Iplepene

Ipplepen

Goda

Ralph de Felgers.

Jacobescherche

Alvevia

Alvevia.

Johanesto

Instow

Ahvard

Walter de Claville.

Juelie

Brismar

Eulcer Balistarius.

Kari

Cary

Chenestan

Waldin, under Juhel de Totnais.

Labera

Etmar

Hubert, under Odo Fitz Gamelin.

Lachebroc

Algar

Roger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Lacome '"

Edwin

Ralph de Pomerai.

Laierde »

Baldwin the Sheriff.

Lamesete

Lambside

Tovi

Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.

Lanbertone

Laraerton

Ordulf

Ruald Adobat.

Lanchers

Lancras

Alveva

Robert, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Lancome °

Edwin

Ralph de Pomerai.

Landeshers

Alnod

Earl Hugh.

Lanforde

Langford

Leuegar

Osbern de Salcei.

Langadone

Langdon

Hecus

Waldin, under Juhel.

Langafort

Langford -

Earl Lewin

The King.

Langetrewe

Langtree

Bristric

Queen Matilda.

Langhestan

Langston -

Edwin

Hugh, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Langehewis

Sawin

f Leuric, under the Bishop of Con-
| stance.

Lannor

Semer

Walter de Claville.

Lantfort

Alestan

Godwin.

Laurochesbere

Larkbeare

Aimer

Alured Brito.

Lege

f Alebrix

Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.

Lege

Alwald

Alured Brito.

Lege

Alwin

Juhel de Totnais.
( Beatrix, sister of Elmer, under
{ William Chievre.

Lege

Elmer

Lege

Etmar

Aiulf.

Lege

Godwin

Roger, under Fulcer Balistarius.

Lege

:•

Leigh

Inwar
' Ordulf - -

Otelin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Lege

Alured, under the Earl of Moreton.

Lege

Osferd

William de Poillei.

Lege

Osmer

William, under Juhel de Totnais.

Lege

Sawin or Salwin

Alward, under the Earl of Moreton.

Lege

Summerlete

Nicholas Archibalistarius.

Leie

Ahvard

Anschetel, under William Chievre.

Leige

Aldred

William the door-keeper.

Leige

-j

[ Alveron

Walter de Claville.

Levalige

Alsi

Godbold Arbalistarius.

Leuga

Alstus

Godbold Arbalistarius.

Leuage or Lewe

Lew

Bristric

J Roger Molis, under Baldwin the
( Sheriff.
Queen Matilda, afterwards Goscelm.

Levie

Bristric

Levestone

Leveton

Saward

Richard, son of Earl Gilbert.

Lewendone

rwo thanes

Rainald, under Godbold Balistarius.

Liclemore or Lide-l
more - -J

Aiulf

Aiulf, under Juhel de Totnais.

m Appendant to Brandone.
° An appendage of Brandone.

» Appendant to Lincome.

Lidefordc

lxx

DEVONSHIRE.

A ncient Names of Manors.

-I

Modern Names.

Lideforde

Lidefort

Lideltone

Liege

Leuriehestone

Lim

Limas
Limet
Limet
Limet
Limet

Limet

Limete - -J

Line

Lincome

Linor or Limor

Lintone

Lisitone or Lisistone

Listone

Liteham

Lidford

Liddaton
Leigh

Possessors in the Reign possessors when the Surv f Domesdav
of Edward the Con- KXj ^^

lessor.

Liteham

Letehvere

Lobe

Lochebroc

Lochesbere

Lochesore

Lochessare

Lochetone

Lochetore

Lodebroc

Lodebroc or

broc
Lodeswille
Lollardesdone

Lyn
Lincombe

Linton

Lifton
Littleham

Lobb in Braunton

Loxbear -
Loxore

r Lude- J

Ludbrook ■
Loddiswell

The King in de-
mesne.
' Wadels

Ailric

{■

Saolf
(The Abbot of
I Glastonbury.
| The Abbot of
\ Buckfastleigh.
f Ailric

Alwin

Osfers
<j Walo

Walo -

Four thanes
[Alestan -
Algar
Brismer
Frawin
Aihvard Tochesone

Gowin

Queen Edith
(The Abbot of
\ Horton.

Bristric

Ulf

Algar

Doleswif

Ulward

Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.

5 Godfrey, under the Abbot of
Tavistock.
Walter, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
C Nigel and Robert, under the
{ Abbot of Tavistock.
Odo, under Juhel de Totnais.

Ahvin

Hecus
Aluric

Walter, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

^ Drogo, under the Bishop of Con

\ stance.
Otelin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

{Ralph de Bruer, under Baldwin
the Sheriff'.

f Ralph de Pomerai, under Baldwin

I the Sheriff.
Odo Fitz Gamelin.
Godwin.

William Chievre.

Robert, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Morin.
William Chievre.

{Rainald, under the Earl of
Moreton.
The King.

! Queen Matilda, afterwards Gos
eel m.
Odo Fitz Gamelin.
Rainald, under Ruald Adobat.
Roger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
{Robert de Bellomonte, under
Baldwin the Sheriff.
f Robert de Bellomonte, under
\ Baldwin.

{Ralph de Pomerai, under Juhel
de Totnais.
Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.
( Reginald de Valletort, under the
| Earl of Moreton.
f Reginald de Valletort, under the
I Earl.
Juhel de Totnais.
Goscelm.

Lol-

DEVONSHIRE.

lxxi

Possessors in the Reign

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday

Ancient Namesof JIanors.

Modern Names.

of Edward the Con-
fessor.

was taken.

fAlward Mert, 1

Lollardesdone

-] under Bris- £■
( trie - - )
Alveron

Walter de Claville.

Lonmele or Lonnele

Walter de Claville.

Lommine

Lowman

Alnod

Goscelm.

Loperidge or Ope
ridge

Luprige

Eddric

f Reginald, under the Earl of
\ Moreton.

Losbere

Loosebear -

("The Abbot of
{ Cranbourne.

Loscombe -

Luscombe

A thane

Anschetil, under William de Falesia.

Lotelande -

Qu. Lukesland ? -

Soteman

Goscelm

Lovapit

Luppit

Ailsi

Ludo, under Walscin de Douay.

( Ralph de Pomerai, under Juhel
) de Totnais.

Lovenetorne

Loventor -

Otro

Ludaford

Lidt'ord -

Ordricius -

Nicholas Archibalistarius.

Luperige -

Luprige

Estnota -

Baldwin, under Goscelm.

Macretone

Makerton -

The King.

Madescame -

Maidencomb

Elmer

Hamond, under William Chievre.
5 Alured Pincerna, under the Earl
\ of Moreton.

Madfort

Madford -

Ahvid

Madone

Meddon

Ansgot

Ansgot.

Magnelege

Manlegh

Alwid -

Goscelm.

Magnetone -

Edwi

Edwi, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Malacote

Godbold.

f Richard de Noville, under Bald-
{ win the Sheriff.

Mameorde -

Lieuric

Mammebetva -

Mamhead -

Algar -

Ralph de Pomerai, under Baldwin.

Manberie

Membury

Eldell

William Chievre.

Manedore

Manaton -

Colbert -

Odo, under Juhel de Totnais.

Manelie

Manley

Alestantilie

Girard.

Manitone

Manaton

f Adret,Eldred,|
( or Edred -)

The same.

Matford

Matford -

Wichin

Ralph, under William Chievre.
J Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
l stance.

Matingeho

Dodo

Mavessart -

Alvereton

Gilbert, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Mede

Alnot

Bernard, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Meleberie

Ulnod -

William de Poillei.

Meleford

Milford

fSawin -

Gosbert, under Tetbald Fitz Berner.
f The wife of Englebald, under the
£ Bishop of Constance.

Melefort

1 Alwin -

Melewis

Melhuisb -

Brismer

f Hugh Redonensis, under Baldwin
\ the Sheriff.

Mellestone -

Bristric -

Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.

Merehode

fBristrc

Oliver, under Tetbald Fitz Berner.

Mereude

■}

Marwood -

1 Ulward

J Two knights, under Robert de
\ Albemarle.

JGausbert, under Tetbald Fitz
\ Berner.

Merlande -

Merland -

Leuegar

f Richard, son of Torolvus, under
\ Baldwin the Sheriff.

Mertone

Merton -

\ Jadolf -

Mertone -

(.Torquillus

Geffrey, Bishop of Constance.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
\ stance.

Metcome

Bristric -

Mewi

lxxii

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Names of Manors.

Modern Names.

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-
fessor.

Mewi

Midelande

Midelcote

Midelton

Midetone

Mildedone
Mildelcote -
Milehywis -
Miltitone
Mimidlande
Mirlande -

Mochelesberie

Modleie
Modleie

Mogecome

Molacote
Holland -

Molland
Molland -

Monacohchamtone

Morbathe

Morcet

Morcete

Morchet -
Morcliet

-1

Morleie -

Morleie
Morteho
Mortone
Motberie

Motbilie

Musberie
Nevetone
Newentone
Newentone

Newentone
Nietone

Meavy

Medland

Middlecote

Milton Abbot

Middlecote
Melhuish -
Milton -
Qu. Medland ?
Merland

Motbecombe

Molland

f Monk Oak
\ hampton

Morebath -

Morchard

Moreleigh
Mortboe -
Modbury

Musbury
Newton -

Newton

!Alward -
Alwin
Edward -
Osolf -
Alestan
Uwin

( The Abbot of 1
\ Tavistock, j

Edmer

Edilda -

Alwold

Saulf

Alebricius

Elric

f Five thanes, "|
I under Bristric '

Alwin

Godwin

Alceric -

Alger
r Earl Harold ■

I Norman -

Ulwin

Olnot

Aldret
Earl Harold
("Algar -

J Algar

| Bristric
L Alraerd -

Alnod

Edritius
Earl Harold
Wado -

Ordritius -

Aimer -
Alwod

{Aluric -
Domnus
1

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

Elward -

' The priests
1 Bomine.

William, under Juhel de Totnais.
Torgis, under Juhel de Totnais.
Torgis, under Juhel de Totnais.
Nigel, under Juhel de Totnais.
Godwin.
Alwin.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con
stance.
William Chievre.

Ranulf, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Saulf.

Alured Brito.

Waldin, under Juhel de Totnais.
Rainold, under Ruald Adobed.

Ansger de Senarpont.

Odo, under Juhel de Totnais.
Odo, under Juhel.

{Robert de Punchardon, under
Baldwin the Sheriff.
Godbold Balistarius.
The King.

f Bernard, under Tetbald Fitz
\ Berner
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
\ stance.

Baldwin the Sheriff.

Nigel, under Juhel de Totnais.
The King.
William Chievre.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con
stance.
Queen Matilda.
William Chievre.

f Walter Silvestris, under Walter de
i Claville.

(_ Alured Brito.
Ralph de Limesei.
The King.
Richard, under the Earl of Moreton.

f Reginald, under the Earl of

( Moreton.
Baldwin the Sheriff.
Ansger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Godbold Arbalistarius.
Domnus.

{Walter Burgundensis, or Burgoin,
under Goscelm.

Nimet

DEVONSHIRE.

lxxiii

Ancient Names of Manors.

Nimet

Nimet - -

Nimet

Niraetone

Nimetone -

Niresse

Nistenestoc
Niuetone -
Niuuetone -
Nochecote
Norcote

Norcote

Northara

Nortmoltone

Nortone

Noteswille

Notone

Ocheneberie

Ochenitone

Odeborne

Odeforde

Odeforde -

Odelie

Odeordi

Odesclive f

Odetreu

Odetrewe

Offacome

Offawille

Oghawille

Oghawille -

Oladone

Olfereor

Olperige

Olvardesdone

lOlueberie

Oluelie
Oluieuetone

Oluridintone

Olurintone

Vol. VI.

3
']

Modern Names.

Nimet
Nympton

Newton -
-
Northcote

Northam -
North Molton
Norton -
Nutwell

Okenbury
Oakhampton

Woodford
Woodleigh

Uffculme
Offwell

Ogwell -

Wollaton

Qu. Oldridge ?

Wolverston

Woolley

Worlington

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-
fessor.

rAlward

i Alward
(.Alvold -
f" Earl Harold
-J The Bishop of
(_ Exeter

Wlnot -

Certain canons

under Girold
Bristoinus

"i Edmar -

' Alestilla -

, Ailmar

Ulf -

The Abbot of Caen
Queen Editha
Brictrich
Donnus

CThe Abbot of

I Buckfastleigh.
Tovi
Osfers
Aldred

fAlebrix -

^Elmar
Aluric
Seric

Edritius

Oslac

Two thanes
Etdeva
Borgaret

f Aluric

1 Edric -

Sewin

Godric

Boia

Seward

Alsi
Aluric

\ Olueva

(.Aluric

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

Osmund, under Goscelm.
Walter, under Walter de Claville.
Hermer, under Goscelm.
The King.

JDrogo, under the Bishop of Con-
\ stance.

Girold the chaplain.

Osmund, under Goscelm.

f Reginald de Valletort, under the

I Earl of Moreton.
Girard.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
SDrogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.

The King.

William, under Juhel de Totnais.

Donnus.

Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.

Baldwin the Sheriff.

Oswic, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.

Robert de Albemarle.

William under Ralph de Pomerai.

f William, son of Edritius, under

\ the King.

Robert de Albemarle.

Walscin de Douay.

Reginald, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

{William Pictavensis, under Ralph
de Pomerai.
Albured, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Colvin.
Rainald, under the Earl of Moreton.

{Queen Matilda.
Hadolf.

{Ralph de Bruer, under Baldwin
the Sheriff.
Colvin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
William, under Juhel de Totnais.

! Drogo, under the Bishop of Con
stance.
Alvius, under Odo Fitz Gamelin.

P An appendage of the manor of Alseminstre.

Olu-

lxxiv

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Names of Manors

■I

-1

Olurintone
Olurintone

Olwritone

Opecote

Opesse

Oplomia

Oppalume

Orcartone

Oidie

Orescome ■

Orescome

Orrawie

Oteri

Otri

Otrie

Otrit

Otritone

Panestan

Pantesfort

Patford

Patsole

Pavestan

Pech

Fech

Pecheelle

Pedehad

Pediccheswelle or 1
Wedicheswelle j
Pedracome

Peintone

Perchehami
Petecote

Petrocestoue

-J

Modern Names.

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con.
fessor.

Worlington

Upcot

Uplowman

Uplime

Orchardton

Orway -

Ottery

Otterton
Painston

Painsford

Patehole
Qu. Panson ?

Peck

Paignton

Parkham
Patchcote -

Petrockstow

■i

{The Abbot M
Tavistock.
Elmer

Olnotdus

Elmer

Ahvin

Norman

Aimer

Edmer

Alwin

Ahvin
Bristric
Godric
Ailsi

Ailsi

Leuritius
( The canons

St. Mary ai
( Rouen.
Olnotdus
Semar

Dodo the priest -
Countess Gutda -

Edwin, or Sedwin

Godric

Ednod

Leiuegar

{Alcherlus
Edwin
Two thanes
Algar

Ulf

Bristoald -

fThe Bishop of

\ Exeter.
Algar
Alwold

fThe Abbot of

I Buckfastleigh.

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

Alveius, under the Earl of Moreton
William de Falesia.

Motbert, under Baldwin the Sheriff,
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
^ stance, and Unfrid under Drogo.

Aimer the priest, under Goscelm.

Ralph de Pomerai.

Reginald, under the Earl of Moreton.

Anschetil, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Hegot, under Ralph de Pomerai.

Ralph de Pomerai.

William Chievre.

Alured Ispaniensis.

Warin, under William Chievre.

Roscelm, under Ralph de Pomerai,

Hubert, under Walscin de Douay

Ludo, under Walscin de Douay.

Ralph de Pomerai.

Warin, under William Chievre.
Ralph de Pomerai.
Rainer, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
The Abbot of St. Michael de Monte.
Rualdus Adobat.

J William Niger, under Baldwin the
I Sheriff.
Osbern de Salciet.

! Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
Alvid Brito, of Ruald Adobat.
f Reginald de Valletort, under the
\ Earl of Moreton.

{Walter de Osmundville, under
Ruald Adobat.
{Alured Pincerna, under the Earl
of Moreton.
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
\ stance.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
j stance.
William de Falesia.

Richard, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Richard, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

i An appendage to Setebrige.

Pen

DEVONSHIRE.

lxxv

Ancient Names of Manors,

Peumore

Picaltone
Pidalige
Pidehel -
Piedelege r
Pihede

Pillande

Pilland or Welland

Piltone or Wiltone

Pinnoe

Pissewille

Pleiestou
Plemestoche

Plintone

Plumtrei
Pochehille
Poldreham -
Pole - O

Pole - - -

Pole

Polesleuge

Polham

Polochestone
Pontimore s
Pontimore
Porlamute

Porrigt

Potaforde or Pota- ")
fort - - |

Potaford or Pote- j>
ford - - |

Potiforde - - J

Potitone
Prenla
Pudeforde
Pultiraore
Puteforde -
Racheneforde
Racombe - -1
Racum - - j

Raddone or Radone

Modern Names.

Peamore

Pilland
Willand

Pilton

Pinhoe
Pisjrell

Plj'mstock

Plympton -

Plymtree
Poughill -

Powdeiham

Pole or Pool
Polesloe

Poltimore
Portlemouth
Potherige -

Putford -

Puddington
Qu. Primley ?
Qu. Patford?
Poltimore -
Putford
Rackenford

Rocombe -
R addon

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-
fessor.

Wicliin

Godwin

Hacca

Alebricius

Liuredus
Ednier

Aluric

Dodo

Earl Lewin
Aluric

Bristuold -

fThe Abbot
\ Tavistock.

{The King in
demesne.
Bristric
Edmar
Torssus
rAlgar -

< Bristric -

(Edwi -
Aluric
Two thanes
Bristwold -

| Odo

| Olmer
Hecus the Sheriff

Olf

f Alwold and Lew-
in, two thanes
\ Two thanes

|_ Edmaratorius -

Alward Tochesone
Osbern -
Letniar
Bertricius -

Seward

{Edric
Ordritius
j" Abbot of Ta-
£ vistock

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

{Roger Fitz Paine, under Ralph
de Pomerai.
Bernard, under TetbaldFitz Berner.
Ralph, under William de Poillei.
Torgis, under Juhel de Totnais.
William de Poillei.
Walter de Claville.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con
stance
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con
\ Constance.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con
stance.
The King.
Hamo, under William Chievre.

{Drogo, under Odo Bishop of
Constance.

Odo Fitz Gamelin.
Ruald Adobed.
William de Hou or Owe.
William, under Juhel de Totnais.

{Ansfredon, under Walter de Cla-
ville.
Ralph de Pomerai.
The canons of St. Mary.
Rainald, under Ruald Adobat.
Robert, under Juhel de Totnais.
Baldwin the Sheriff.
The canons of St. Mary.
Fulgo, under Juhel de Totnais.

{Alberidus, under Baldwin the
Sheriff.

[ Rainald, under Ruald Adobat.

William Chievre.

f Ansger Brito, under the Earl of

\ Jloreton.

Ralph, under William Chievre.
Otelin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.
Hamericus de Arcis.
Ralph de Pomerai,
Joscelin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
William Chievre.
Nicholas Archibalistarius.
William the door-keeper, under the
Abbot.

' An appendage to Blachagua.

8 An appendage of Clist.

Rade-

k 2

lxxvi

D E VO N S H I R E.

Ancient Names of Manors.

Radeclive ' -

Radehide -
Radeude

Radeleie
Raordin

Ratdone -

Ratdone
Ratdone -
Ratreu

Raweberge

Reddix or Redic
Reddone
Reimore
Restone

Rewe

Ridelecome
Righendone u or
Ringhendone

Rinestandone

R isfort
Rluperige or

perige
Rocebere -
Rochebere
Rochebere
Rocheba

Rodelei

Rouerige

Rovecome

Ruraon

Sancome

Sanforde -

Sanforte -

Santone

Saterleie

Sedeborge

Selac

Selcome

Selingefbrde
Selvestan
Sepisberie
Sideberie

Lu-

Modern Names.

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con

Redcliffe

Raddon

Rattery -
Roborougb

Raddon

Qu. Ringmore ?

Rew
Riddlecombe

Rushford

Lupridge

Rockbear

Rorige

Rocombe

Qu. Rumonsleigh :

Sandford -

Santon
Satterleigb
Sadborough
Sealake

Salcomb

Shillingford

Shilston -

Sidbury

Alric

Edritius
Alric

Bristric

f Ailward To-
\ chesone

!Alveva -
Ordulf
Osulf -
Ahvin

Ulweia -

Two thanes
Etward
Hecus
Ailmar

Wlnot

Algar -

Chepin

Abbet

Edwin -

Cola

f Edmar
i Sawin
l_ Sawin
Ulmer

Ahvard

Olieva -

Almar

Bristric

Esnot

Bristritius

( Brismer -

\ Norman
Doda
Olnod
Brismer
Brismer

{The Bishop
Exeter.
Edmar
Edvititius -
Earl Harold
Ahvin and Godwin

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

{Roger Flandrensis, under Ruald
Adobat.
Ralph de Limesei.
Rainald, under William Poillei.
f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con
\ stance.

William Chievre.

{Walter Dapifer, under Walter de
Claville.
The Earl of Moreton.
Nigel, under Juhel de Totnais.
William de Falesia.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
Godfrey, under Ralph de Pomerai.
William the door-keeper.
Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.
Albric, under Tetbald Fitz Berner.
j Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
I stance.
Goscelm.

Ansger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

J Etdilla, under the Bishop of Con-
| stance.
Edwin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Walter de Claville.

Rainer, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Ahvard, under the Earl of Moreton
Rainer, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Goscelm, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
The canons of St. Mary at Rouen.
Haimer de Arcis.

Stephen, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
Turgis, under Juhel de Totnais.
Roger de Buslei.
Robert, under William de Poillei.
Baldwin the Sheriff.
Tetbald Fitz Berner.
Godbold Balistarius.
Ansgot.
Goscelm, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

William Chievre.

Osbert, or Osbern de Salcey.

The King.

The Bishop of Exeter.

1 An appendage of Chiempabare.

" An appendage of Anestinghes.

Sideham

DEVONSHIRE.

lxxvii

Ancient Names of Manors. Modern Names.

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

fessor.

Sideham

)

f Alverona

Osbert, under Walter de Claville.

Sidelhara, or
reham

Sid-f

Sydenham

< Four thanes

Nigel, under Juhel de Totnais.

Sidreham

^ Bristric

William, under Juhel de Totnais.

Sigeforde

Sigford

Bristric -

Solomon, under Ruald Adobat.

Sildenne

Alric

Ralph de Pomerai.

Silt'estane -

■

Shilston -

Wado

Richard, under the Earl of Moreton.

Siredone

Aluric

Aluric.

Sirefort *

Sherford

J Alebricius

The Abbot of Battle.

Sirefort

William, under Juhel de Totnais.

Sirewille

Sherwill

Ulward

William de Poillei.

Sladone

Qu. Slaten

C The Bishop of 7
X Exeter J
Four-thanes

Baldwin, under the Bishop.

Slapeford

Walter de Claville.

Sotebroce
Sotrebroe

Southbrook

fOrdulf -
I Alviet -

The Earl of Moreton.
Floher.

Spececote

Speccot in Merton

Ailaf

t Gausbert, under Tetbald Fitz
\ Berner.

Sperchewille

Sparkwell

Bristric -

Richard, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Sprewe

Algar

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
X stance.

St. Marie Cherche~)
St. Marie Cherche J

St. Mary Church

f The Bishop of
J Exeter.

JOrdulf -

f Richard, son of Torold, under the
\ Earl of Moreton.

Stadforde
Stafort

Stafford

\ Aluric -

Ansger.
Ansger.

Stanlinz

Alric

Odo Fitz Gamelin.

Stoc

Stoke

f Ansgar -

Ludo, under Walscin de Douay.

Stoche

Stoke Canon

| The Bishop of
■\ Exeter,
j Brismar -

Stoches

Stoke Damarell

Robert de Albemarle.

Stoches

- j

(_Odritius -

Nicholas Archibalistarius.

Stotberie

Tovi

Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.

Stotescome

Stuttescomb

Alebricius

William, under Juhel de Totnais.

Stotlege

Algar

Arnald, under Walscin de Douay.

Stouretone,
Souretone

"-•]

Sourton

fThe Bishop of
I Exeter.

Suetatone -
Suetetone

Swetton

fGodric
[Etdric

Ansger de Senarpont.
Aiulf.

Sufferstan, or
fretone

Sul- J

Silverton -

(The King in
\ demesne.

Sure

Sewer

Algar

Odo, under Juhel de Totnais.

Suraple

Olwiet

Walter.

Surleie

Algar

Fulco, under Juhel de Totnais.

Sutecome

Sutcomb -

Edritius

Odo, Bishop of Constance.

Sut Moltone

South Molton

f The King in
{ demesne.

Sutone

J Sutton, now Ply-
\ mouth -

The King in
demesne.

fRichard, under William the door-
\ keeper.

sutune

Sutton

Ulwin

: An appendage of Cedelintone.

Taigne

1XXV111

DEVONSHIRE.

Ancient Namesof Manors,

Taigne
Taigne
Taincombe -

Taintone

Taintone
Talc
Talc

Talebreie
Talebrue, or Tale
brige

Taletone

Tamerlande

Tanbretone

rapcleie

Tavelande

Tavestoche

Tavcstoche

Tavetone -
Tavi

Tautone

Tawetone

Teigne

Tcigne

Teintone

Teteborne -

Teteborne

Tetecote
Tewibie
Topeshant
Tore, or Tori

Toredone -

Torilande -

Little Torrilande

Torintone
Torintone
Toritone
Toritone

Modern Names.

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-
fessor.

]

Teign

Feign Bruer -

reigncombe

Bishop's Teignton

Teignton

Tale

Thelbridge

Tallaton

Tamerton
Tapeley

Tawstock

Tavistock -

Tawton -
Tavy

Bishop's Tawton
Tawt on

Teign

King's Teignton -

Tedbourn

Tetcot -

Qu. Thuborough

Topsham

Tor

Great Torrington
Torrington -

Aluric -

Ulf

Alric

{The Bishop of
Exeter.
Osfers - -

{Alnotdus
Borgaret

Olveva

f The Bishop of
I Exeter.

Sedvvin -

j" The King in
I demesne.

Ulveia

Godric

Earl Harold
fThe Abbot of
\ Tavistock.

Guitda

Bristwit Camesone
f, The Bishop of
\ Exeter.
fThe King in
I demesne.

j Edric

I Ustret -

{The King in
demesne.
CBogred - -

j Doda

Aldret
Bristold -
Earl Harold
Wado -

Aluric Colin

Aimer

Ehvard Rufus

Earl Harold
fEtmar
< Geda -
^Bristric

Possessors when tlie Survey of Domesdav
was taken.

{Hugh Redonensis, under Baldwin
the Sheriff,
f Ralph de Bruer, under Baldwin
I the Sheriff.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con
stance.

Baldwin the Sheriff.
Ralph de Pomerai.
Ralph de Pomerai.

Odo, Bishop of Constance.

j Walter de Osmundville, under
i Ruald Adobat.

f Osbern and Roger, under the
{ Bishop of Constance.

{Robert, under William the door-
keeper.
The King.

The King.

Nigel, under Juhel de Totnais.

Gauffrid de Trailli, under the

Bishop of Constance.

," Roger de Molis, under Baldwin

1 the Sheriff.

William Chievre.

f Ralph de Pomerai, under Baldwin

( the Sheriff.
Juhel de Totnais.
Robert de Albemarle.
The King.
Rainald, under the Earl ofMoreton

f William Chievre, held under him

l by his sister Beatrix.
Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.

f AluredPincerna, under the Earl of

I Moreton.
The King.
Richard, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
The King.
Odo Fitz Gamelin.

Torix-

DEVONSHIRE.

lxxix

Ancient Names of Manors.

Modern Names.

Torix
forlestan

Tome

Torneberie - O

Torneberie - - t

Tornecome

Torre - - 1

Torre - - j

Torsewis

Totescome

Totenais

Touretone - - f

Touretone - )

Trendesholt

Tresetone -

Trisme

Trule
Tuchel y

Tuicabere - -1
Tucabere - -j
Ulsistone -
Ulucumbe or Ole- 7
cumbe - -§
Uluredintone

Ulwitone

Umberleie

Ulwrintone

Vennacre -

Wachetone

Wadeham

Wadelescote

Wadestan -
Wafort
Wagesfelle z

Walcome

Walderidge -

Waleforde
Walenitone, orWa-1
lementone - 1

Torridge
Thurlston

Thorne

Tbornbury

Thorncomb
Tor

Totnes
Tiverton

Trentishoe

Qu. Trimstone ?
Trill

Tackbear -
Woolston -
Wollacombe

Umberleigh

Wadham
Waddlescote

Welcomb -

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con.
fessor.

Alebrix -
Jobannes

Sawin

fAlcerlo -

Etward

{Ailric
Bristric

Ulveva

Edric

King Edward
Gida

Merlesoan
Bricsius

Grim

fThe Abbot of
\ Buckfastleigh.

Merlesoan

Bridewold

{Alward -
Alsi
Ustret -

Alvevia

Earl Harold
Dodo -
Bristric
Two thanes

Olviet

f The King in

X demesne.
Ulf.

Wadell

Edmar

Chenegar -

Ansgot

Doda -
Halebrix -
Alward

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.
Juhel de Totnais.

{The wife of Engelbald, under
the Bishop of Constance.
Alured, under the Earl of Moreton.

f Ralph, under the Abbot of Tavis-

X tock.

Baldwin the Sheriff.
William the door-keeper.
Godeva, widow of Bristric.

f Drogo, son of Malger, under the

{ Bishop of Constance.

{William de Lestre, under the
Earl of Moreton.
Juhel de Totnais.

{Queen Matilda.
The King.
Ralph Paganel.

{Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
Juhel de Totnais.

Ralph Paganel.

Alured de Ispania.

Ruald Adobat.

Colbert, under Juhel de Totnais.

{Goscelm, under Tetbald Fitz
Berner.
The King.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
X stance.

The Abbess of Trinity, at Caen,
f Hugh de Dol, under William de
\ Falesia.
Osmund, under Goscelm.

Ulf.

{Roger de Molis, under Baldwin
the Sheriff.
Ansger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
William de Falesia.
Nigel, under Juhel de Totnais.
Ohv, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
Goscelin Bervin, under Baldwin
the Sheriff.
William, under Juhel de Totnais.

Ralph, under Juhel de Totnais.

Near Plymouth.

An appendage of Tavi.

Waleurde

lxxx

DEVONSHIRE.

Possessors in the Reign

Ancient Names of Manors.

Modern Names.

of Edward the Con-

fessor.

Waleurde

Leugar

Wafforde

Two thanes

Warcome

Warcombe -

Bristric

Waseborne

Washbourn - -

Algard

Wasfelle

Wasbfield -

Goda

Wasfelt

Wasforde

Wash ford -

Merlesoan -

Wedrerige

Otrus

Welesidinge, or
Welingedinge

Topi -

Wellecome -

Wei comb

fBrisid -

Welnecome -

■S

(.Edwin

Weuforde

Edmer -

Wenfort

Queen Edith

Wenneham -

Doda

Were

••)

fOrdulf - -

Were a

[

Wear

< Suetricius thel
t Abbot -j

-j

Wereie

Adestan

Weringehorde

Wesforde, or Wes-~\

forte - - 1

Wresforde - - (

Washford -

f Colbert -"]
] Ulmar - -f

Wesforde

V.Four thanes J

Weslege

Westleigh

Ulward

Westone

W'eston

Olnod -

Wibeberie

Wibbery

Odritius

Wiborde

Olward

Wic -

-■\

^Aldret.

Wic, or Wice b

Brismar -

Wic, or Wice -

_ >

Week, or Wick -

Bristric

Wic, or Wice

Ednod -

Wic, or Wice

-J

lOrdulf - -

Wicham

Ulverona -

Wide

Widey

Wadelo

Widebere

Wine'mer -

Widecome -

Widescome

Alveva

Widefelle

Almar Rufus

Wideworde

Widworthy - -

Almar

Wigacrofte -

Wy croft

Wichin

Wilavestrew

Willestrew

Bulgeret.

Wilelmetone -

Wilmington

Etmer

Wille -

■1

f Archbishop Al-
i diet -

Wille

■S

(.Merlesuen

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

| stance.
Walter de Claville.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

^ stance.

Hermer, under Goscelm.
Ralph de Pomerai.
Ralph Paganel.
Walter de Claville.
Rainald, under the Earl of Moreton.

William, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

{Goscelin under Tetbald Fitz
Berner.
William Chievre.

f Walter de Osmundville, under
{ Ruald Adobat.
The King.
("Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
\ stance.
Ruald Adobat.

Baldwin.

Godwin.

Nigel, under Juhel de Totnais.

Tetbald Fitz Berner.

Robert de Albemarle.

Odo, under Juhel de Totnais.

Nicholas Archibalistarius.

Dreus, under the Earl of Moreton.

f Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-

\ stance.
Odo.

Rainer under Baldwin the Sheriff.
The Earl of Moreton.
Robert de Albemarle.
Robert de Albemarle.
Godfrey, under Goscelm.
Walter de Claville.

{Alured Pincerna, under the Earl
of Moreton.
Oliver, under Tetbald Fitz Berner.
Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.

Morin, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

{Grento, a knight, under the
Abbot of Tavistock.
Ralph Paganel.

An appendage of Bridestoue.

An appendage of Talebreie.

Wille-

DEVONSHIRE.

lxxxi

Ancient Names of Manors

Willecvostra -
Willedonne -
Willeland
Willematone '
Willemitone m
Winleswille
Wincheleia
Winescote

Winestone -

Winple

Wipletone

Wirige

Wirlsbeslige, 01

Wasberleige

Witechenolle

Witefelde ° -

Witefelle -

Witefelle" -

Witefort

Witleie

Witeleie P

Witleie

Witenes

Witestane

Witestan

Witeweie

Wodeberie -

Wodiacome

Wogwell -

Wogwell

Wolstantecote

Wide

Wrdiete

Wyce

Ywis -

Ywis
Ywisleie

Willand
Wilmington

Winkleigh

Winscot
f Wimpston
\ Modb

Wliimple

Modem Names.

Hi, in!

ury -j

White Knolle

Whitfield -
f Whitfield,
\ Marwood

Whitfield

Whitford -

'•}

Whitlegh

Qu. Whitninch?

Whitstone -

Whiteway
Woodbury

Ogwell -

Huish

Possessors in the Reign
ot" Edward the Con-
fessor.

Norman
Etmar
Ahvard

fAh

Alwin

Bristric

Alfers

Edwin

f Almar

1 Ultret -
Wichin -
Ghitda, or Gida

A.lric
Chepin

Ahvin

Sawin

Earl Lewin
f Edmar -
i Wadolo -
(_ Godwin -

Olmer
f Tolus

1 Edritius -

Osferd

Guitda

Edric -
( Ordritius
^Alestan -

Ulestan

Saward -
fThe Abbot
\ Tavistock.

Alward

I Sawin -
Alevesclif -

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday
was taken.

Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.
Ralph, under Odo Fitz Gamelin.
Vitalis, under Odo Fitz Gamelin.
Tetbald Fitz Berner.
Tetbald Fitz Berner.
Ruald Adobat.
Queen Matilda.
Ruald Adobat.

( Reginald, under the Earl of

\ Moreton.

Baldwin held under him by his wife
Ralph, under William Chievre.
William Chievre.
The King.

Alric.

f Jachelinus, under Godbold Bal
( istarius.
Alured Brito.

{Two Knights, under Robert de
Albemarle.
!Drogo, under the Bishop of Con-
stance.
The King.
The wife of Hervei.
Robert de Albemarle.
Odo, under Juhel de Totnais.
Goscelm.
William de Owe.

( Robert de Bellemonte, under
I Baldwin the Sheriff.
Rainulf, under Baldwin the Sheriff.
The King.

Ailric, under Walscin de Douay.
Nicholas Archibalistarius.
Godwin.
Goscelm.
Ralph, under William de Poillei.

Ralph de Pomerai.

f Held under Odo, by his father-in-

\ law Tebald.

f Ralph Vitalis, under Odo Fitz

I Gamelin.
The King.

1 An appendage to Wideworde.
■ An appendage of Corneude.
P An appendage of Wide.

m An appendage to Inudeborde.
0 An appendage of Braie.

Vol. VI.

The

lxxxii

DEVONSHIRE.

The manors in the following table are recorded in the Exchequer
Domesday, but are not to be found in the Exeter copy.

Ancient Namesof Manors

Modern Names.

Possessors in the Reign
of Edward the Con-

Possessors when the Survey of Domesday

fessor.

was taken.

Alfelemestone

Offerd -

Ruald Adobed.

Alintone

Allington

Ulnod

Richard Fitz Torulf.

Avetone

Aveton

Sawin

Ruald Adobed.

Bacheleforde -

Saulf

William, under Alured Brito.

Bachestane

Qu. Batson ?

Aluric

Robert Bastard.

Bichefor

Bickford

Ahvin

Robert Bastard.

Blachestane -

Blakestan -

Inewar

Alured Brito.

Blacheurde

Blackworthy

Alwin

Robert Bastard.

Bucheside

St. Budock

Ahvin -

Alured Brito.

Corneurde -

Cornwood -

Three thanes

f The same thanes, under Alured
1 Brito.
Alured Brito.

Crawecome

Creacorabe

Almar

Cumbe

Comb

Aluric

Osbern, under Robert Bastard.

Dunestanetone

Dunston

Ranulf, under Robert Bastard.

Dunesford

Dunsford

Elsi

Girard, under Walter de Douay.

Elford

Efford -

Alwin

Robert Bastard.

Esprewei

...

Uluric

Hermer, under Walter de Donay.

Esseberie

Ashbury

Leuric

Wihuenech, under Alured Brito.

Ferding

Sawin

Fulco, under Alured Brito.

Genelie

Godwin

Alured Brito.

Gerwelle

Colbrand -

Oliver, under Tetbald Fitz Berner.

Godrintone

Godrington

Asgar

Radulf, under Walter de Douay.

Grismetone

Alnod

William, under Alured Brito.

Hainemardun

Godo

Walter, under Ruald Adobed.

Haroldesore

("Now called 1
\ Hazard i - )

Aluric

Robert Bastard.

Hechesburne

- - -

Ulnod
f The church of!

Alured Brito.

Herticome

Yarcombe -

i St. Michael J-
i de Mont. J

Hetfelle -

Heathfield

Alsi

Ludo, under WTalter de Douay.

Hiele -

Aiolf -

Wihuenech, under Alured Brito.

Laurochesbere

Larksbear -

Ulf -

Alured Brito.

Lochebroc

Algar

Roger, under Baldwin the Sheriff.

Macheswelle

Sawin

Rainald, under Ruald Adobed.

Metwi

Qu. Meavy?

Alwin

Robert Bastard.

Mideltone

Milton -

Aluric

William, under Alured Brito.

Morlei

Morley

Aluric

William, under Alured Brito.

Noteswode

Notsworthy

Edward

Uichard, son of Torulf.

Odehiwis -

Woodhouse - -

Ordulf -

Richard, son of Torulf.

Otri

Ottery -

Semar

Radulf, under William Chievre.

Litel-Racheneford -

Little Rackenford

Godric -

Ludo, under Walter de Douay.

Radewei

Radvvay

Godric

William, under Alured Brito.

Sprei ...

Alcher

Wihuenech, under Alured Brito.

Stanehus

Stonehouse

Alwin

3obert Bastard.

Sutrebroc

Southbrook

Asgar

Ansger, under Walter de Douay.

Tambretone -

Tamerton -

[newar

\lured Brito.

Tavei

Tavy

Siward

Alured Brito.

Tideford

VVadels -

Roger, under Ralph de Pomerai.

Ulgeberge

Wolborough

Alwin

Alured Brito.

Wifleurde

Siward

Alured Brito.

Wicerce

Whitchurch

Sawin

luald Adobed.

Witelie

Whitlegh -

Wadelo

Dsulf, under Robert de Albemarle.

i In

Harberton.

DEVONSHIRE. lxxxiia

There does not, I believe, exist any document to prove, that there is a
single estate in the county remaining in the possession of a descendant of
any person who held it at the time of the Domesday survey ; although
it is not improbable that some of the ancient families, who, according to
the custom of that period, took their names from the places of their resi-
dence \ in the reign of King John, or that of Henry III., may have in-
herited their estates, in direct descent from the Ralphs, Rogers, Walters,
and Williams, who were sub-tenants in the reign of William the Conqueror,
under Baldwin the Sheriff, and other great Lords paramount.

The chief landed property of the county, was divided soon after the
conquest into several great baronies, as Oakhampton, Plympton, Totnes,
Barnstaple, Dartington, Braneys, or Bradninch, Bampton, Harberton,
Berry, the Bishop of Exeter's, and the Abbot of Tavistock's barony.

The barony of Oakhampton belonged to Baldwin de Brioniis ; Plymp-
ton, to Redvers, or Rivers, Earl of Devon ; both centered in the Courte-
nays, and the lands were dispersed among the co-heirs of the last Earl
of Devon. That of Totnes was dispersed after the forfeiture of Lord
Zouch ; but most of the estates passed by grant from Henry VII. to the
Edgecumbes. Dartington, which had been originally in the Martins, and
Barnstaple, which came to them by inheritance, passed to Lord Audley ;
and having been entailed on the crown, were dispersed under various
grants ; as were most of the lands of the bishopric, in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth. Berry and Harberton, which belonged to the Pomeroys, were
alienated about the time of Sir Thomas Pomeroy's attainder ; a great part
was purchased by the Seymour family. Torrington was dispersed among
the co-heirs of Torrington at an early period. Bradninch was settled on
the dukedom of Cornwall. Bampton descended to the Earls of Bath, but

« Westcote makes the following sensible observations, in answer to those who have errone-
ously supposed, that where the name of the place and the person are the same, the family gave
its name to the place. " I think good to give you this caveat by the way, once for all, that
when you find gentlemen and the houses in name alike, you be not confident, as some are, to
maintain, that the house took name of the man, but rather the contrary, the house to give de-
nomination to the possessor ; for who can well imagine, think, or believe, or can yield a reason,
why a gentle tribe, or any man should be called Ashford, Greneville, Fulford, Northcote, and
Westcote, with many other the like in this county, but from the place of their habitation, as
de Ashford, or Vado Fraxini ; de Greneville, Villa Virida, or Campo Virido ; de Fulford, Vado
Pleno, or as some, de Turpi Vado ; de Northcote ; and de Westcote, according to the site of
their houses? On the other side, there are some, which, to distinguish the places, have the
name of the owners attached, as Moore, of Moore Hayes ; Rogus, of Holcombe llogus, &c."

Vol. VI. [11] is

lxxxii b DEVONSHIRE.

is not now in the possession of their representatives. The whole of the
great barony of the Abbot of Tavistock, was granted to the ancestor of the
Duke of Bedford, and by far the greater part is now his property , together
with the lands belonging formerly to Dunkesvvell Abbey, with others
granted also to his ancestor. His Grace is one of the principal landholders
in the county. Lord Rolle has the most extensive landed property, his
estates consisting of the accumulation of various purchases made in, and
since, the reign of Henry VIIL, besides what has accrued by the marriage
of heiresses. Sir John Rolle died seised of above forty manors in Devon,
in 1706. The other great landholders, are Earl Fortescue, the Earl of
Morley, Lord Clinton, whose estates, formerly belonging to another branch
of the Rolles, and inherited with the barony of Clinton, have lately been
confirmed to him by a decision of the House of Lords ; the Honourable
Newton Fellowes, Sir T. D. Acland, Bart., Sir Charles Bampfylde, Bart.,
Sir Henry Carew, Bart., and Sir M. M. Lopes, Bart. The estates of the
latter have been acquired by recent purchases.

DEVONSHIRE. Ixxxiii

Nobility resident in, or connected with, the County.

Seymour, Duke of Somerset. — This noble family first became con-
nected with Devonshire in consequence of the Protector Somerset's
purchase of the castle and manor of Berry Pomeroy, in the reign of
Edward VI. Edward his son, by his first wife, the co-heiress of Fillol,
having inherited this estate, under his father's will, resided at Berry
Pomeroy, and was sheriff of Devonshire in 1582. In the inquisition taken
after his death, in 1593, he is styled Edward Seymour, Knt., Lord
Seymour. Edward his son, by the heiress of Welsh, was created a baronet
in 1611, and died in 1613. Sir Edward Seymour, his great-grandson,
the fourth baronet, was a distinguished member of the house of Commons,
of which he was sometime speaker : he moved the impeachment of the
Earl of Clarendon, and was one of the chief promoters of the Habeas
Corpus act. Sir Edward at several times filled the offices of treasurer,
and one of the commissioners of the navy, and comptroller of the House-
hold. Francis his son, by his second wife, was created Lord Conway,
and was ancestor of the marquis of Hertford. Sir Edward Seymour, the
sixth baronet, grandson of the last-mentioned Sir Edward, upon the death
of Algernon, Duke of Somerset, in 1750, succeeded to the titles of Baron
Seymour and Duke of Somerset, and was grandfather of the present
Duke ' who occasionally resides at Berry Pomeroy.

Arms : — Quarterly, 1 and 4, Azure, three lions of England, (being
an augmentation, granted by King Henry VIII. on his marriage with
Jane Seymour,) 2 and 3, G. two wings conjoined in lure, the tips down-
wards, Or.

Crest : — Out of a ducal coronet, Or, a phcenix in flames, Proper, with
wings expanded, of the first.

Supporters: — On the dexter side an unicorn, Arg. maned Or, and
gorged with a ducal coronet Az., to which is affixed a chain, Or ; on the
sinister a bull, Az., maned, collared and chained, as the dexter supporter.

r Edward, Duke of Somerset, who died without issue in 1792, was succeeded bv his
brother, Lord Webb Seymour, father of the present Duke. Lord Webb was of Monkton
Farleigh, in Wilts, the seat of his maternal ancestors the Webbs.

1 2 Russell,

Ixxxiv DEVONSHIRE.

Russell, Duke of Bedford. — John Lord Russell, afterwards created
Earl of Bedford, had a grant of the site of Tavistock abbey, with the
whole of its rich demesnes, and other valuable estates in this county.
William, the fifth Earl, was, in 1694, created Marquis of Tavistock and
Duke of Bedford. Before the civil war, the Earls of Bedford had oc-
casionally resided at Bedford House in Exeter, built on the site of the
Blackfriers, of which Lord Russell had a grant. We do not find that
this noble family had any residence in this county for more than a century
past, till the present Duke built a spacious mansion in the cottage style, at
Endsleigh, in the parish of Milton Abbot.

Arms:. — Argent, a lion rampant G., on a chief S., 3 escallops of the
first.

Crest : — On a wreath, a goat passant Argent, attired Or.

Supporters : — On the dexter side a lion, on the sinister an antelope,
both G., the latter gorged with a ducal coronet, chained, armed, tufted,
and hoofed, Or.

Percy, Duke of Northumberland. — Sir Hugh Smithson, who, on suc-
ceeding to the Earldom of Northumberland, at the death of his father-in-
law, Algernon Duke of Somerset, took the name of Percy by act of
parliament, and was afterwards created Duke of Northumberland, purchased
Werrington, in this county, in the year 1775. It has since been the
occasional residence of this noble family, and belongs to the present Duke.

Arms : — Quarterly, 1 and 4> ; quarterly, 1 and i, Or, a lion rampant,
Az., being the armorial bearing of the ancient family of Brabant, 2 and 3
G., 3 luces or pikes for Lucy : the second and third principal quarters,
Az., five fusils in fesse for Percy.

Crest : — On a chapeau G. turned up Erm., a lion passant Azure, his
tail extended.

Supporters: — On the dexter side a lion, Azure: on the sinister an
unicorn, Arg., collared, gobony, Or, and Az., with a chain appendant and
reflecting over his back, Or.

Edgecujibe, Earl Mount Edgecumbe. — The ancestors of this noble
family were originally of Eggescombe, now called Lower Edgecumbe,
in- the parish of Milton Abbot, where Richard Edgecumbe, Esq., the
lineal descendant of the elder branch, still resides. In the reign of
Edward III. William de Eggescombe married the heiress of Cothele, in

consequence

DEVONSHIRE. lxxxv

consequence of which marriage the immediate ancestors of Lord Mount
Edgecumbe resided some time at Cothele, or Coteel, in Cornwall. The)
became possessed of Mount Edgecumbe, their present seat, (then called
East Storehouse,) and a large landed property in the neighbourhood of
Plymouth, by the marriage of Sir Piers Edgecumbe with the heiress of
Durnford : Richard Edgecumbe, Esq., the immediate descendant of Sir
Piers, was, in 1742, created Baron Edgecumbe, of Mount Edgecumbe.
In 178 1 his younger son, George, the third Lord Mount Edgecumbe,
(having succeeded his elder brother in I76I) was created Viscount Mount
Edgecumbe and Valletort, and, in 1789, Earl Mount Edgecumbe. Mount
Edgecumbe is now the seat of his son Richard, Earl Mount Edgecumbe,
Lord Lieutenant of the county of Cornwall.

Arms : — G. on a bend Ermines, cottised Or, 3 boars' heads couped,
Argent.

Crest : — On a wreath Or, and G., a boar passant, Arg., about the neck
a chaplet of oak leaves, fructed, Proper.

Supporters : — On each side a greyhound, Arg., guttee de poix, collared
dove tail double, Gules.

Fortescue, Earl Fortescue. — The common ancestor of this ancient
and widely spreading family, appears to have settled at Wymondeston, or
Wimpston, in the parish of Modbury, at a period not much subsequent to
the Conquest. s William Fortescue, the fourth in descent from the first
possessor of Wimpston, married a co-heiress of Delaport ; his grandson, of
the same name, married a co-heiress of Beauchamp, of Ryme in Somer-
setshire, by whom he had two sons; William, and Sir John Fortescue,
Captain of Meaux. William was ancestor of the Fortescues of Wimpston ',

s The earliest record which connects this ancient family with Devonshire, is a grant or
confirmation of Wimpston by King John to John Fortescue, in 1209; but the pedigrees of the
family derive its descent from Sir Richard Le Forte, shield-bearer to William the Conqueror,
and the tradition is, that Wimpston was originally given to him for his good services at the
battle of Hastings, and that his son Adam first bore the name of Fortescue.
' The extinction of the elder branch is involved in some obscurity. At the time of the visita-
tion, in 1620, Thomas Fortescue of Wimpston, then the head of the family, had an only
daughter, Joan, and two brothers, Henry and William, who resided at Morley, and was
married, but had no issue. It appears by Sir William Pole's collections, that Joan Fortescae
above mentioned married Edmund Babington, of Worcestershire. Wimpston had been sold or
mortgaged in Sir William Pole's time. It is probable that Henry and William Fortescue,
brothers of Thomas, left no male issue. The heiresses of Falwell and Pruteston, and a co-
heiress of Bonville, had married into this elder branch of the family.

Preston

lxxxvi DEVONSHIRE.

Preston and Spriddleston, all extinct in the male line. Sir John Fortescue
was ancestor of the Fortescues of Shipham, Wood, Fallopit", Weare-
Giffard, Filleigh, and Buckland Filleigh, all in Devonshire ; and those of
Pulesbourn, in Hertfordshire, Fulbourn, in Essex, and Salden, in Buck-
inghamshire. All these, except the Fortescues of Weare-Giffard and
Filleigh, and those of Buckland Filleigh *, are also extinct in the male
line of the elder branch.

Hugh, Earl Fortescue, the present male representative of this ancient
family, is descended from Sir John Fortescue, the learned chief justice
and chancellor of England, in the reign of Henry VI. The Chancellor
is in some pedigrees represented as the son of Sir Henry Fortescue, chief
justice of Ireland, but in others, which seem to correspond better with
dates, as younger brother of Sir Henry, and a younger son of Sir John
Fortescue, Captain of Meaux. Martin Fortescue, son of the Chancellor,
married the heiress of Denzell, or Densell, of Weare-Giffard, repre-
sentative, through the Trewens, of the ancient family of Giffard. Arthur,
the seventh in descent from Martin, married a co-heiress of Elford of
Shipstor, by one of the co-heiresses of Copleston. His son and heir,
Hugh, having married the only daughter of Hugh Boscawen, by Margaret,
daughter and co-heiress of Theophilus, Earl of Lincoln ; Hugh, his son,
succeeded to the barony of Clinton, in right of his mother, in 1721, and
was, in 174G, created Earl of Clinton, and Baron Fortescue, of Castle-
hill, with remainder of the barony to his half brother, Matthew. Upon
the Earl of Clinton's death, the barony of Clinton y devolved upon his
sister, Margaret, who died without issue, and the barony of Fortescue
on Matthew Fortescue above mentioned, whose son, Hugh, was created
Earl Fortescue, and Viscount Ebrington in 1789, and is the present repre-
sentative of the Fortescue family. His Lordship is Lord Lieutenant of
the county, and resides at Castle-hill.

Edmund, a younger son of Hugh Fortescue, Esq., of Filleigh, who
died in 166"1, having married the daughter of Henry Aland, Esq., of
Waterford : his son, Sir John Fortescue Aland, one of the justices of the

u For an account of the Fortescues of Preston, Spriddelston, Wood, and Fallopit, see
extinct baronets.

* See the head of Gentry. They have a male representative in William Fortescue, Esq.,
of Writtle in Essex. The Earl of Clermont, in Ireland, is descended also from this branch,
and there are male descendants of some other younger branches.

y Now enjoyed by Robert Cotton St. John Trefusis. See p. xc.

Common

DEVONSHIRE. Ixxxvii

Common Pleas, was created Baron Fortescue of Credan, in the kingdom
of Ireland, which title became extinct in I78I. The Fortescues of
Penwarne in Cornwall, extinct by the death of John Fortescue, Esq., in
177G, were a younger branch of the Fortescues of Filleigh.

Arms of Fortescue, Earl Fortescue : — Azure, a bend engrailed, Arg.
cottised, Or.

Crest : — On a wreath a plain shield, Arg.

Supporters : — Two greyhounds, Arg., each having a ducal collar and
line, Gules.

Parker, Earl of Mori ey. — The family of Parker resided for several
generations at North Molton. . Thomas, the first mentioned in the
pedigree, married the heiress of Frye, of Frye's-hall in Hatherleigh :
John, his son, married the heiress of Ellicott, of Bratton ; Edmund, his
grandson, the heiress of Smyth of Essex ; John, son of Edmund, who
married the heiress of Mewe, or Mayhew, of Boringdon, was sheriff of
the county in 1575, and died in 1G10. John Parker, Esq., the fifth in
descent from the last-mentioned John, having several times represented
the county of Devon in parliament, was, in 1784., created Baron Boring-
don. His son John, the second and present Lord Boringdon, was, in 1S15,
advanced to the dignity of Viscount Boringdon of North Molton, and
Earl of Morley, in this county. His Lordship's principal seat is at
Saltram, in the parish of Plympton St. Mary.

Arms : — Sable, a stag's head caboshed, between two flaunches, Arg.

Crest : — On a wreath an arm erect, vested Azure, cuff Arg. the hand
holding the attire of a stag, Proper.

Supporters : — On the dexter side a stag, Argent, on the sinister a grey-
hound regardant, Sable, each collared Or, and thereto antique shields
appendant G., that on the dexter charged with a horse's head couped Arg.
bridled, Or, that on the dexter with a ducal coronet, Or.

Courtenay, Viscount Courtenay. — This ancient and noble family took
its name from the town of Courtenay in France, and had been from a
very remote period connected with the royal family of that kingdom.
Reginald de Courtenay, the immediate ancestor of the English branch,
came over into this country with King Henry II., in the year 1151, and
having married the heiress of Robert de Abrincis, or Averinches, here-
ditary sheriff of Devon, Baron of Oakhampton, and governor of the

castle

lxxxviii DEVONSHIRE.

castle of Exeter, his eldest son Robert succeeded to these honours of his
maternal grandfather, and married a daughter (and eventually heiress) of
William de Redvers, Earl of Devon. His son and grandson did not enjoy
the title, although it was their inheritance, but were only Barons of Oak-
hampton. Hugh, his great-grandson, was summoned to parliament, in
1335, as Earl of Devonshire, by reason of his descent from the daughter
of William de Redvers.

Sir Hugh Courtenay, eldest son of the second earl, was a distinguished
military character, and one of the original Knights of the Garter ; his
younger brother, Sir Peter, was distinguished also as a military officer ;
another brother, William, was Archbishop of Canterbury, and Chancellor
of the University of Oxford. Sir Hugh Courtenay, and his son of the
same name, who grew up to manhood, having died before the second
Earl ; Edward Courtenay, elder son of Edward, the next brother of
Sir Hugh, succeeded as third Earl of Devonshire.

Thomas, sixth Earl of Devonshire, was taken prisoner at the battle of
Towton, and beheaded at York in 1462 ; his brother Henry, the suc-
ceeding earl, was attainted and beheaded at Salisbury in 1466. John, a
younger brother, who had been restored to the title in 1470, was slain at
the battle of Tewksbury : dying without issue, the elder branch of this
noble family became extinct.

In 1485 Sir Edward Courtenay, grandson of Sir Hugh, a younger
brother of Edward, the third Earl of Devonshire, was created Earl of
Devonshire, and was the ninth Earl of that family. William, his son, the
tenth Earl, married Catherine, youngest daughter of King Edward IV.
Henry, his son, the eleventh Earl, was, in 1525, created Marquis of
Exeter. In 1538 he was tried for high treason, convicted and executed :
his son Edward, who, in 1553, had been restored to the Earldom of
Devonshire, died without issue in 1556, on which event the descendants
of the four daughters2 of Sir Hugh Courtenay, of Boconnoc in Cornwall,

sisters

z Matilda, the eldest, married John Arundell, Esq., of Talverne in Cornwall, whose
immediate representative, the Rev. Francis Vyvyan Jago, took the name of Arundell in 1815 ;
Elizabeth married John Trethurfe, Esq., from whom are descended the Vyvyans of Trelowarren
the Bullers, &c. Isabella married William Mohun, Esq., ancestor of the Barons Mohun,
extinct ; and Florence, the ancestor of the Rev. Sir Henry Trelawney, Bart. As some pub-
lications have assigned the eldership to Elizabeth, it may be proper to mention that I follow
the authority of the oldest book in the College of Arms, the visitation of Devonshire, by

Thomas

DEVONSHIRE. Ixxxix

sisters of Edward, the ninth Earl of Devonshire, became heirs general of
the elder branch of this noble family.

The immediate ancestor of the Powderham branch was Sir Philip
Courtenay, sixth son of Hugh, second Earl of Devonshire. Richard, the
eldest son of Philip, was Bishop of Norwich, and Chancellor of the
University of Oxford. Sir Philip Courtenay, nephew and heir of the
Bishop, was born in 1401 : he had several sons y, the elder of whom,
Sir William, was of Powderham. Sir William, his great grandson, died
in 1535 : Sir William Courtenay, the sixth in descent from the last-men-
tioned Sir William, was created a baronet before the Restoration, but
never assumed the title. Sir William Courtenay, the third baronet, was,
in 1762, created Viscount Courtenay of Powderham, and was grandfather
of William, the present Viscount, who resides abroad. Powderham castle,
the seat of the family, is kept up.

Arms of Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire: —Or, three torteauxes with a
label of three.

Crest : — A plume of feathers, Arg. one, two, and three, issuing from a
ducal coronet.

Arms borne by Viscount Courtenay : — Quarterly 1 and 4, Or, three
torteauxes, 2 and 3, Or, a lion rampant, Azure.

Crest : — A dolphin naiant, Arg.

Supporters : — Two boars, Arg., bristled, tusked, and hoofed, Or.

Addington, Viscout Sidmouth. — The Right Honourable Henry Ad-
dington, who was created Viscount Sidmouth in 1805, possesses the
manor of Up-Ottery in this county, and occasionally resides in the manor-
house. There was an ancient family of this name at High Bickington
in Devon, extinct in its principal branch in 1668, which bore arms nearly
similar to those now borne by Lord Sidmouth.

Arms : — Per pale Erm. and Sab., a chevron charged with four lozenges
counterchanged between three fleurs-de-lis counterchanged.

Thomas Benoilt, who was Clarencieux King of Arms in the reign of Henry VII I., bearing
date 1531, in which she is expressly called the first daughter, and Elizabeth the second.
Elizabeth is called also " alterius filiarum" in the inquisition taken after the death of the last
Earl of Devon.

J Sir Philip, the second, had Molland given him for his portion, and was ancestor of the
Courtenays of Molland See extinct Gentry.

Vol. VI. m Crest :

xc DEVONSHIRE.

Crest : — A mountain-cat on a wreath, holding a shield within its paws,
charged with a lozenge.

Supporters : — Two stags, Proper, each encircled round the neck with
a chain, to which a key is pendant.

Pellew, Viscount Exmouth. — > Sir Edward Pellew, who had been long
distinguished for his gallant services, was, in 181 i<, created Baron
Exmouth, of Canon-Teign, and in 1816, after his glorious and successful
expedition against Algiers, Viscount Exmouth. His Lordship, who is
G. C. B., resides at Teignmouth : the old mansion of Canon-Teign, pur-
chased in 1812, is occupied by the tenant of the demesne, but a few
rooms are kept for the occasional residence of the family.

Arms, with the augmentation, as granted after the expedition to
Algiers in 1816: — Gules, a lion passant gardant ; in chief two civic
wreaths, Or. On a chief wavy A. in front of a city, intended to represent
that of Algiers ; a range of batteries flanked on the sinister by a circular
fortified castle, with triple battlements, Proper; thereon two flags displayed,
the one barry wavy, Or, and G., (indicative of the presence of the Dey of
Algiers within the said castle,) and the other of the last ; on the dexter
and abreast of the said batteries, a ship of the line, bearing the flag of an
Admiral of the Blue squadron moored, also Proper, in allusion to the
situation of His Majesty's ship, the Charlotte, at the moment of the
attack upon the said city, with the motto Algiers.

Crest : — The stern of a ship with part of the foremast and bowsprit
standing and appearing as a wreck, on a rock, the waves breaking round
her, Proper ; on the stern the word Dutton, to commemorate the circum-
stance of Lord Exmouth having saved the Dutton East Indiaman, off
Plymouth.

Supporters : — On the dexter side a lion gardant, Or, navally crowned
Azure, his sinister paw resting on an increscent Arg., and on the sinister
side a figure, designed to represent a Christian slave, naked from the waist
upwards, holding in his dexter hand a cross, Or ; and in his sinister hand
his fetters broken, Proper.

Treiusis, Baron Clinton and Say. — It has been already stated, in the
History of Cornwall, that the ancient barony of Clinton was, in 1794,
adjudged to George William Trefusis, Esq., he being the fourth in descent
from Francis Trefusis, Esq., who married the heiress of Robert Rolle,
Esq., of Heanton Sachville, in this county, by the elder co-heiress of

Theophilus,

DEVONSHIRE. xci

Theophilus, Earl of Lincoln, and Baron Clinton and Say. The barony
being in abeyance between the daughters of this Earl, was given by King
George I. in 1721, to Hugh Fortescue, son and heir of Hugh Fortescue,
Esq., of Filleigh, by Bridget, sole heiress of Hugh Boscawen, Esq., who had
married another of the Earl of Lincoln's co-heiresses, and, in 17 '46, the
said Hugh Fortescue, was created Baron Fortescue and Earl Clinton. On
his Lordship's decease without issue, in 1751, the Barony of Clinton and
Say devolved to Margaret, only daughter of Samuel Rolle, Esq., then
recently become the widow of Robert Walpole, the second Earl of Orford.
After the death of her son, George, Earl of Orford, in 1791, without issue,
the barony of Clinton was claimed by Mr. Trefusis, and adjudged as above
mentioned. It is now vested in his son, Robert Cotton St. John Trefusis.
Lord Clinton has lately purchased Huish, some time the seat of Sir James
Norcliffe Lines, Bart, (now Duke of Roxburgh) ; Heanton, which was the
seat of the Countess of Orford, and of the last Earl, is in a dilapidated state.

Arms of Trefusis : — Arg. a chevron between three wharrow spindles,
Sable, borne by Lord Clinton, quartered with Rolle, Clinton, and Fiennes.

Crest : — A griffin seiant, Or, resting his dexter foot on a shield, Arg.

Supporters : — Two greyhounds, Arg. plain collared and leashed, Gules.

Petre., Baron Petre. — Sir John Petre, created Baron Petre, of Writtle,
in Essex, in 1603, was son of Sir William Petre, Secretary of State, a
younger brother of John Petre, or Peter, of Tor-Bryan, in Devonshire.
The Secretary, who was a native of Exeter, died seised of seven manors in
Devonshire. The greater part of the Devonshire estate has been sold by
his descendant, William Francis Henry, the present Lord Petre, but he still
retains the manor of Axminster and other landed property in this county.

Anns: — G. abend, Or, between two escallop shells, Ar.

Crest : — On a wreath, two lions' heads erased and addorsed ; the first,
Or, the other, Az. each charged with a plain collar counterchanged.

Supporters : — On the dexter side, a lion regardant, Az. collared, Or,
on the sinister, a lion regardant, Or, collared, Azure.

Clifford, Baron Clifford, of Chudleigh. — This noble house is descended
trom Sir Lewis Clifford, K. G., a younger brother of Thomas Lord Clifford 2,
ancestor of the Earls of Cumberland. The family appears to have become

* The common ancestor of the Clifford family was Walter de Clifford, grandson of Richard
Fitzpons, who came over with William the Conqueror : he was called De Clifford, from his
castle of Clifford in Herefordshire. Richard Fitzpons is said to have been brother of Drogo,
who held such large possessions in Devon, at the time of the Domesday survey.

m 2 first

xcii DEVONSHIRE.

first connected with Devonshire, by the marriage of Thomas Clifford, great
grandson of Sir Lewis, who died in 1404*, with a daughter of John Thorpe
of Kings Teignton. Anthony Clifford, Esq., great grandson of Thomas,
married a co-heiress of Sir Peter Courtenay of Ugbrook. His eldest son,
Henry, was ancestor of the Cliffords of Kings Teignton, whose heiress
married Colonel Hugh Bamfylde. Thomas, younger son of Anthony
Clifford, settled at Ugbrook, and married the heiress of Staplehill. His
grandson, Sir Thomas Clifford, was, in I672, created Baron Clifford of
Chudleigh, and the same year made Lord High Treasurer of England : he
married a co-heiress of Martyn of Lindridge. The Lord Treasurer was a
patron of Dryden, who is said to have been a frequent visitor at Ugbrook. a
Hugh, third Lord Clifford, (who succeeded an elder brother,) married a co-
heiress of Sir Thomas Preston, a Lancashire baronet, and was grandfather
of Charles, the present and seventh Lord Clifford, who resides at Ugbrook.

Arms : — Cheeky, Or, and Az., a fesse, G.

Crest : — Out of a ducal coronet, Or, a wyvern rising, Gules.

Supporters : — On the dexter side, a wyvern, with wings expanded,
Gules ; on the sinister, a monkey, Proper ; environed about the loins, and
chained, Or.

King, Baron King. — Peter King, some time Lord High Chancellor of
England, created Baron King, in 1725, was a native of Exeter, and on the
mother's side nephew of the celebrated John Locke. He had four sons
who successively inherited the title : the elder married the heiress of Frye
of Yarty, in Devon, who brought that estate into the family. Peter, the
present Lord King, possesses Yarty, but the mansion has not been for
some time inhabited by the family.

Arms : — Sable, three spears' heads, Arg., the points sanguine ; on a
chief, Or ; as many battle-axes, Azure.

Crest : — On a wreath, a dexter arm, couped at the elbow, habited, Az.
adorned with three spots, Or, the cuff' turned up ; grasping a truncheon of
a spear, S. the head, Arg.

Supporters : — Two English mastiffs regardant, Proper, each having a
plain collar, Gules.

Dunning, Baron Ashburton. — John Dunning, Esq., a native of Ash-
burton, having distinguished himself by great professional abilities, was in
1767 made Solicitor-General, and in 178^, created Baron Ashburton.

a Collectanea Cliffordiana, p. 93.

His

DEVONSHIRE. xciii

His Lordship resided chiefly at Speechwick, in the parish of Withecomb-
in-the-Moor, having taken a long lease of that estate, which will expire in
1845. His widow built a mansion at Sandridge, in Stoke Gabriel, now
the property of his son, Richard Barre, the present Lord Ashburton,
who resides in Scotland.

Arms : — Bendy, sinister of eight, Or, and V., a lion rampant, Sable.

Crest: — On a wreath, an antelope's head couped, Proper, attired, Or.

Supporters : — Two antelopes, Proper, attired, hoofed, and charged on
the breast, with an acorn slipped, Proper, and gorged with collars, bendy
of eight, Or, and V.

Rolle, Baron Rolle. — The ancestor of Lord Rolle, settled in Devon-
shire, in the reign of Henry VIII., having made considerable purchases of
abbey lands, and among others the manor of Stevenstone, which he fixed
on for his residence. Sir Henry Rolle, grandson of George Rolle, Esq.,
who purchased Stevenstone, married the heiress of Watts, of Somersetshire ;
his son, Sir Henry, married the heiress of Dennis, of Bicton and Hol-
combe Burnell, in this county, and had a son, Dennis Rolle, Esq., who
died in 1638, leaving an only son, who died in his infancy. Henry Rolle,
Esq. of Beam, near Torrington, being a nephew of the first-mentioned Sir
Henry, inherited the family estates, but died without issue in 164<7, when
they devolved on John Rolle, Esq. of Marrais in Cornwall, grandson of
George Rolle, (second son of George first mentioned,) who married the
heiress of Marrais, of Marrais, and settled at that place. This John Rolle,
was afterwards K. B., and many years one of the representatives for this
county : he married one of the co-heiresses of his relation, Dennis Rolle,
Esq. of Bicton, and at the time of his death, in 1706, was possessed of
upwards of forty manors in Devonshire, besides large estates in Cornwall,
Somersetshire, and Northamptonshire. His great grandson, Henry Rolle,
Esq. was, in 1748, created Baron Rolle, of Stevenstone : dying unmarried,
in 1759, the title became extinct : it was revived in 1796, when his
nephew, John Rolle, Esq. was created a Peer, by the same style and title.
His Lordship's principal seats are at Stevenstone, near Great Torrington,
and at Bicton.

Henry, a younger son of George Rolle, Esq., first mentioned, having
married the heiress of Yeo of Heanton-Sachville, settled at Heanton, and
was ancestor of the Rolles of that place. Robert Rolle, great grandson of
Henry, and son of Sir Samuel Rolle of Heanton, married one of the co-
heiresses

xciv DEVONSHIRE.

heiresses of Theophilus, Earl of Lincoln, in consequence of which marriage,
Margaret, the only daughter of his son Samuel, who had married Robert Wal-
pole, the second Earl of Orford, became Baroness Clinton in her own right.

Dennis Rolle, younger brother of Robert above mentioned, was settled
at Hudscot, in Chittlehampton ; his grandson died without issue, and
bequeathed Hudscot to the present Lord Rolle's father. Henry, a younger
brother of Sir Samuel Rolle above mentioned, was Lord Chief Justice of
the King's Bench, at the time of King Charles the First's death, and con-
tinued in that high office during the government of the Commonwealth ;
his posterity became extinct after three generations.

Arms of Rolle, Baron Rolle : — Or, on a bar dauncettee, between three
delves, Az. charged with as many lions rampant of the first, three bezants.

Crest : — An arm couped, Az. the hand, Or, holding a flint, Proper.

Supporters : — On either side a leopard regardant, Gules, spotted, Or,
each crowned with a coronet flory of the second.

The earls of Dartmouth and Plymouth take their titles from those cele-
brated sea-ports, but the families have no other connection with the county.
The Earl of Ilchester possesses estates in this county, by descent from the
Wadhams, and Earl Stanhope, by inheritance from the earls of London-
derry, but neither of them have any residence in the county.

Irish Peers connected with Devonshire.

Vaughav, Earl of Lisburne. — The father of the present Earl became
possessed of Mam head, in consequence of having married to his first wife
the heiress of Nightingale. The property of Mamhead devolved to the
present owner, John, Earl of Lisburne, on the death of his half-brother
Wilmot, the fourth Earl, in 1820. Wilmot, the third Earl, resided at
Mamhead : it is now in the occupation of a tenant.

Arms of Vaughan, Earl of Lisburne : — Sable, a chevron, between
three fleurs-de-lis, Argent.

Crest : — On a wreath an armed arm, bent at the elbow, brandishing a
fleur-de-lis, all Proper.

Supporters : — On the dexter side, a dragon, with wings expanded,
regardant, Vert, gorged witli a plain collar, Sable, edged, Argent, charged
with three fleurs-de-lis, as in the coat, having a- gold chain thereto affixed ;
on the sinister side an unicorn regardant, Argent, the mane, horn, tufts,
and hoofs, Or, gorged and chained as the dexter.

Graves,

DEVONSHIRE- xcv

Graves, Baron Graves. — The present Lord Graves, who resides at
Bishops Court, in the parish of Farfingdon, is son of Thomas Graves,
Admiral of the Blue, who was created a Peer of Ireland, in 1794, for his
services in Earl Howe's victory over the French fleet.

Arms : — G. an eagle displayed, Or, crowned, beaked and taloned, Arg.
on a canton of the last, an anchor erect with fluke, Sable.

Crest: — A demi-eagle displayed, Or, each wing charged with an Ermine
spot ; the body encircled by a ducal coronet, Arg.

Supporters : — Two vultures, Proper.

Shore, Baron Teignmouth. — Sir John Shore, some time Governor-
General of Bengal, when created a Peer of Ireland, in 1797, took the title
of Teignmouth. He is son of Thomas Shore, Esq. of Melton, in the
county of Suffolk, and descended from Sir John Shore, an eminent phy-
sician at Derby, in the reign of Charles II.

Arms : — Arg. a chevron, S. between three holly leaves, Vert.

Crest : — A stork regardant, Arg. holding in the dexter claw a pellet.

Noble Families Extinct.

Holland, Duke of Exeter. — John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon, (third
son of Thomas de Holland, Earl of Kent, by the heiress of Edmund de
Woodstock, Earl of Kent,) was created Duke of Exeter, in 1388. He had
two seats in this county, Exeter castle, and Dartington. The title was
forfeited by his attainder, in 1399 ; but restored to John his son, in 1443.
The second Duke distinguished himself by his military services in France.
His son Henry, the third Duke, who was the last of the elder line a of this
noble family, was dangerously wounded at the battle of Barnet-field, and,
having been disinherited by parliament, fled to the continent, where he is
said to have been reduced to such great poverty that he was obliged to
beg his bread : he married a sister of King Edward IV.

Arms: — Gules, three lions passant, Or, within a border, Azure, charged
with fleur-de-lis of the second.

Crest : — The royal lion on a chapeau, gorged with a collar, Az. charged
with fleurs-de-lis, and ducally crowned.

1 The account of a younger branch of this family settled at Weare, in Topsham, will be
given hereafter.

Beaufort,

xcvi DEVONSHIRE.

Beaufort, Duke of Exeter. — Thomas Beaufort, Earl of Dorset, (son
of John of Gaunt,) who Jed the rereward at the battle of Agincourt,
between the forfeiture of that title and its restoration to the Holland family,
was, in 1416, created Duke of Exeter for life; and among other grants had
a pension of 40/. per annum assigned him, out of the city of Exeter. He
died in 1426.

Arms : — The arms of England, within a border, gobony, Arg. and Az.

Crest : — A portcullis, Or, nailed, Az. chains of the first.

Grey, Duke of Suffolk. — Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset, having
become possessed of Shute-park, and other large estates in this county, by
a marriage with the heiress of Bonville, resided occasionally at Shute. All
these estates were forfeited by the attainder of his son Henry, who had been
created Duke of Suffolk, in 1551, and was beheaded in 1554.

Arms : — Barry of six, Arg. and Az. in chief, three torteauxes : a label
of three, Ermine.

Crest : — An unicorn salient, Ermine, in front of the sun in splendor.

Supporters : — On the dexter side an unicorn : on the sinister, a bull
with a human face.

Monk, Baron Monk of Potheridge, Earl of Torrington and Duke of
Albemarle. — The celebrated General Monk, a native of this county b, the
restorer of King Charles II., and of the English monarchy, had a grant of
the above titles from his grateful sovereign, a few weeks after his restor-
ation. The family of Le Moyne, or Monk, had been settled at Pother-
idge, in the parish of Merton, near Torrington, as early as the reign of
Edward I. c, and continued there for 15 or 16 generations, having married
heiresses, or co-heiresses of Tilley, Estcott, Rishford, Trenchard, Cru-
kerne, Grant, Champernowne of Inswerk, Wood, and Plantagenet,

b Born at Lancras, near Torrington, in 1608.

c The pedigree in the visitation is traced seven generations before 3 Edward I. ; but Sir
William Pole says, that they first settled at Potheridge, in that monarch's reign. It seems not
unlikely, that the first of the Le Moynes, who was of Potheridge, might have been a younger
son of the family, who gave name to Shipton Moyne, or Moigne, in Gloucestershire, and that
the heiress of Estcott, who was married to Le Moyne before the time of their settling in Devon-
shire, might have been the representative of some early possessors of Eastcote, or Estcourt, in
the same parish of Shipton Moyne. Estcourt again gave name to a family who possessed it for
many generations, and is now the seat of Thomas Grimston Estcourt, Esq., M.P.

Viscount

DEVONSHIRE. xcvii

Viscount Lisle. d The Duke of Albemarle was second son of Sir
Thomas Monk c : his elder brother having died without issue, he became
the representative of this ancient family. The title became extinct in
1C88, by the death of Christopher his son, the second duke. The great
Duke of Albemarle resided at Potheridge, and in I672 rebuilt the mansion,
which had been the seat of his ancestors. It is now in ruins.

Arms : — Gules, a chevron between three lions, heads erased, Arg.

Crest: — On a chapeau a cat-a-mountain guardant, per pale, Sab. and
Arg, between two branches of olive. The old crest of the family was a
cockatrice, Argent.

Supporters : — On the dexter side a dragon ; on the sinister a lion ; each
holding a branch of olive.

Redvers, De Ripariis, or Rivers, Earl of Devon. — Richard de Redvers
was created Earl of Devon by King Henry I. Richard, his grandson, the
third Earl, married one of the co-heiresses of Reginald, Earl of Cornwall.
Richard, the fifth Earl, who succeeded an elder brother, married a co-
heiress of Lord Biset. Baldwin, the seventh Earl, was, in 1240, created
Earl of the Isle of Wight ; his son Baldwin, the last Earl of the family, and
the fifth of that Christian name, dying without issue, his sister, Isabel de
Fortibus, who had married William de Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle,
became Countess of Devon in her own right. She died without issue, in
1292. The title descended to the Courtenay family as before mentionedf,
and the elder branch of that family bore the arms of Redvers, quartered
with Courtenay.

Arms of Redvers, Earl of Devon : — Or, a lion rampant, .Azure.

d The coat of Monk, in the visitation of 1620, has 88 quarterings. Champernowne
Drought in Hamely, Talbot, Valletort, and Cornwall.

' William Monk, one of the younger sons of Sir Thomas, married the heiress of Foster, and
settled in Sussex. William Monk, Esq., the last of this branch died in 1714; his daughter
married Knight of Godmersham.

f See p.lxxxviii. After the attainder of Henry Courtenay, Earl of Devon, in 14-66, Hugh
Stafford, having before been created Barori of Southwick, in Devonshire, was, in 1469, made
Earl of Devonshire, but was beheaded the same year. The title was restored to the Courtenays
in 1485. After the extinction of this family, Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy, was, in 1603,
created Earl of Devonshire. The title became extinct by his death in 1606. In 1618, William
Cavendish was created Earl of Devonshire, and the title has continued ever since in this
noble family, who in 1691 were elevated to the dukedom.

Vol. VI. n Bourchier,

xcviii DEVONSHIRE.

Bourchier, Earl of Bath. — William Bourchier, third son of William
Bourchier, Earl of Ewe, by Anne Plantagenet E, a grand-daughter of King
Edward III., having married the heiress of Sir Richard Hankford, by the
heiress of the Lords Fitzwarren, became possessed of a considerable estate
in Devonshire. Both he and his son, who married a co-heiress of John
Lord Dinham, sat in parliament as Lords Fitzwarren. John, the grandson,
was, in 1536, created Earl of Bath. The title became extinct by the
death of Henry, the fifth earl, in 1654. This noble family had their re-
sidence at Tawstock, now the seat of their descendant Sir Bourchier Wrey,
Bart. The last earl left no issue ; Edward, his predecessor, had three
daughters, co-heiresses ; Elizabeth married the Earl of Denbigh, and died
without issue ; Dorothy married Thomas Lord Grey, whose son Thomas,
Earl of Stamford, died without issue ; Anne married James, Earl of Mid-
dlesex, and afterwards Sir Chichester Wrey, Bart. The Bourchiers of
Westaway, in Pilton, are supposed to have been a younger branch of the
Bourchiers, earls of Bath. A co-heiress of this family brought Westaway
to an ancestor of Sir T. B. Lethbridge, Bart.

Arms : — Arg. a cross engrailed, G. between four water-bougets Sable.

Crest : — An old man's head side-faced, couped at the shoulders, du-
cally crowned, Or, issuing therefrom a cap, G. tasseled of the last.

Supporters : — On the dexter side, an heraldic tiger, Arg. tufted, Or,
on the sinister, a falcon, Arg. vulned in the wing, beaked and legged, Or.

Ley, Earl of Marlborough. — Ley, in Beer Ferrers, is said to have been
the original seat of this family, and to have been repurchased by Sir James
Ley, who was, in 1624, created Baron Ley of Ley, and in 1626, Earl of
Marlborough. These titles became extinct, in 1679, by the death of
William, the fourth earl. His daughter and heir married Tristram.

Arms : — A chevron between three bears' heads, couped Sable.

Crest : — A lion seiant, Or, the dexter fore paw raised.

Supporters: — On the dexter side, a lion Arg. semee of trefoils, slipped,
V. on the sinister a lion, G. bezanty.

Carew, Earl of Totnes. — Sir George Carew \ a distinguished military

i Eventually heiress of her father, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, who had
married one of the co-heiresses of Humphry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford.

h He was the younger son of Sir Edmund Carew, of Mohuns Ottery, and grandson of
Sir Nicholas Carew, who married one of the co-heiresses of John Lord Dinham. (See Carew
of Haccombe, Baronet.)

officer

DEVONSHIRE. xcix

officer in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and that of her successor James I.,
was, in 1606, created Lord Carew, of Clopton ; and in 1626, Earl of
Totnes. He died in 1628, when these titles became extinct.

Arms : — Or, three lions passant, Sable.

Crest : — A lion passant, Sable.

Supporters : — On either side an antelope, G. armed, crined, and hoof-
ed, Or.

Granville, Earl of Bath. — The very ancient family of Grenville, of
late years written by this branch of the family Granville, was possessed of
Bideford, which appears to have been their original habitation in the west
of England, soon after the conquest. After they became possessed of
Kilkhampton, in Cornwall, they divided their time between that place and
Bideford. Although Kilkhampton appears to have been their chief, if
not sole residence, during the time of the most eminent persons of this
family, particularly Sir Beville Grenville ' , yet Prince contends for the
right of ranking them among Devonshire worthies. Sir Beville's son, Sir
John Grenville, who had so active a share in the restoration of King
Charles II., was created, in 1661, Baron Grenville of Kilkhampton and
Bideford, and Earl of Bath : he was made also Lord Lieutenant of the
county of Devon. His youngest son, John, was, in 1702, created Baron
Granville of Potheridge, and died without issue in 1709. The title of
Earl of Bath became extinct by the death of William Henry, the third
earl, in 1711. Bideford still belongs to the representatives of the Gran-
ville family.

Arms: — Gules, three rests, Or.

Two crests, A griffin's head, Or, the wings elevated ; and a griffin passant,
Or, the wings elevated.

Supporters : — Two griffins, Or, the wings elevated.

Walpole, Earl of Orford. — It has been already mentioned, that Mar-
garet, wife of Robert the second Earl of Orford, inherited the barony of
Clinton and Say, and the Devonshire estates of that family. Heanton
Sachville was in consequence one of the seats of the Countess of Orford,
in her widowhood ; and of George, Earl of Orford, her son, who died
in 1791.

' For a further account of the Grenville family, see the History of Cornwall.

n 2 Arms :

c DEVONSHIRE.

Arms : — Or, on a fesse between two chevrons, Sab. three cross crosslets
of the first.

Crest: — On a wreath, the bust of a man side-faced and couped, Proper,
ducally crowned with a long cap G. thereon a Catherine wheel, Or.

Supporters : — On the dexter side, an antelope, Arg. attired, Proper,
unguled Or, and gorged with a collar exchequettee, Or, and Az. with a
golden chain affixed thereto, parting between his fore legs, and reflected
over his back ; on the sinister a hart, Arg. attired, Proper, unguled, and
gorged with a like collar and chain.

Martyn, or Martin, Baron Martin, of Barnstaple and Dartington. —
This ancient Norman family was at an early period of Comb Martin, and
of Dartington, which Risdon calls the site of their barony, as early as the
reign of Henry I. Nicholas, the fourth in descent from Martin de Tours,
the founder of the family, acquired the lordship of Barnstaple and other
large possessions, by marrying the heiress of Guy de Brien, by the heiress
of Tracey. William, grandson of Nicholas, was summoned to parliament
as Baron Martin of Barnstaple. William, the second Baron Martin, died
without male issue, in 1324 ; his co-heiresses married Columbers, who died
without male issue, and Audley. In consequence of the marriage of his
father with the co-heiress of Martin, James Lord Audley inherited the
baronies of Barnstaple and Dartington. Nicholas, Lord Audley, son of
James, died without male issue, in 1389 ; his co-heiresses married Tuchet
and Hilary,but by virtue of an entail, his Devonshire estates went to the
crown. Younger branches are supposed to have continued the male line
of the Martyn family.

Arms of Baron Martin : — Arg. two bars gules.

Arms of Baron Audley : — Gules, fretty, Or.

Crest : — Out of a ducal coronet a swan issuant, Proper, crowned, Or.

Moels, Baron Moels or Mules. — Nicholas de Moels, or Molis, who
married the heiress of Newmarch, in the reign of Henry III., was de-
scended from Roger de Molis, who possessed Lew, and other estates in
Devon, at the time of the Domesday survey. This Nicholas possessed
Kings Kerswell by a royal grant. His son married the heiress of De
Preux. John, his grandson, was summoned to parliament as Lord Moels,
in 1292; John, grandson of the last-mentioned John, married the heiress of
Lovell, of Castle Cary, and dying in or about 1337, left two daughters,

co-heiresses,

DEVONSHIRE. ci

co-heiresses, married to Courtenay and Bottreaux. A younger branch of
the family of Moels, or Mules, was of Ernsborough, in Swimbridge. The
co-heiresses of Sir John Mules, of Ernsborough, married Gilbert and
Dabernon. John Mules, the son of a younger brother, settled at Halmes-
ton, in Bishops Tawton. His son George married the heiress of Bridges of
Exeter. The heiress of the last of the elder line of Mules of Halmeston,
who had married an heiress of the Acland family, married Richard Bennet,
Esq., who died in I7I8 ; a younger son is supposed to have continued the
male line, and that it is now represented by the Rev. John Hawkes Mules
of Ilminster ; the Rev. William Mules, a younger brother, resides at Mar-
wood, in this county.

Arms : — Arg. two bars, G. in chief three torteauxes.

Crest : — A mule passant.

Monthermer, Baron Monthermer, of Stockenham. — Ralph de Mon-
thermer, of Stokenham, was summoned to parliament as a baron, in 1308 ;
his son Thomas, who was slain in a sea-fight, in 1340, left a daughter and heir
married to John de Montacute, who, in 1357, was summoned to parliament
as Baron Montacute of Stokenham. His son, who received the like sum-
mons, succeeded afterwards to the earldom of Salisbury, and was father of
Thomas, the celebrated Earl of Salisbury, in the reign of Henry V., whose
heiress married Richard Neville, afterwards Earl of Salisbury.

Arms of Monthermer. — Or, an eagle displayed, V. beaked and mem-
bered, G.

Arms of Montacute, Baron Montacute. — Arg. three fusils in fesse, G.
within a border, Sable.

Zouch, Baron Zouch of Harringworth and Totnes. — Eudo Le Zouch
having married one of the co-heiresses of Cantilupe, became possessed of
the barony of Totnes : William, his son, was summoned to parliament
in 1308. Their descendant, John Lord Zouch, having taken part with
Richard III., was attainted in 1485, and the castle and barony of Totnes
seized by King Henry VII. The title was restored to the son, and became
dormant in the reign of James I., on the death of Edward Lord Zouch,
who left two daughters, co-heiresses, married to Tate and Leighton. It
was, not many years ago, claimed by Sir Cecd Bishop, Bart. ; and he having,
in 1807, made out his descent from one of the co-heiresses, it was taken
out of abeyance, and given to him by his late Majesty in 1S15.

Arms :

cii DEVONSHIRE.

Arms : — G. ten bezants and a canton, Ermine.

Crest : — A trunk of a tree, Or, leafed, V. thereon a falcon rising, Arg.

Brian, Brien, or Bryan, of Tor Bryan. — This ancient family was
settled at Tor Bryan at a very early period. The heiress of an elder branch
married Martin as before mentioned, but the male line was continued by
younger sons. Sir Guy de Bryan, or Brien, was summoned to parliament
in 1351 ; his son died in his lifetime, leaving two daughters, Philippa,
married to Devereux, and afterwards to Scrope ; and Elizabeth, married
to Lovell. k

Arms : — Or, 3 piles in point, Azure.

Bottreaux, Baron Bottreaux of Molland Bottreaux. — This ancient
baronial family resided at Molland Bottreaux, and at Bottreaux castle, in
Cornwall, (now Boscastle,) from the reign of Henry I. William Baron
Bottreaux was first summoned to parliament in 1367. The heiresses, or
co-heiresses, of Corbet, Moels, Dawbeny, and St. Loe, married into this
family. William, the last Baron Bottreaux, died in 1462, leaving a daughter
and heiress, who brought the barony of Bottreaux to the Hungerfords,
and through them to Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon.

Arms : — Arg. a griffin segreaut, G., beaked and legged, Azure.1

k Sir William Pole says in his Collections, (see the printed copy, p. 286.) that Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir Guy de Brien, had two husbands, and that by the first, Sir Robert Fitzpayne,
she had a daughter, Isabel, married to Richard Lord Poynings, through which match Henry
Earl of Northumberland claimed the manor of Slapton and other lands, which, after a long
controversy, were allotted to him by arbitration. There seems to be some great mistake in
this. The inquisition, taken after the death of Sir Guy de Brien the elder, 14 Ric. II., states
that his grand-daughter Philippa, the wife of Sir John Devereux, was then twelve years of age ;
and Elizabeth, then the wife of Robert Lovell, only nine. In the first year of Henry IV. the
estates of Sir Guy de Brien were divided between the said Philippa, then the wife of Sir
Henry Scrope, and the said Elizabeth Lovell. On the other hand, it appears that Sir Robert
Fitzpayne, who died 28 Edw. III., was seised, jointly with Ela his wife, of certain estates ;
and that they had an only daughter and heir, Isabel, who became the wife of Sir Richard
Poynings, Knt. ; and it appears by Esch. 16 Ric. II. and CI. Rot. 17 R. II., that the said
Isabel was then 30 years of age. These records seem wholly irreconcileable with the above
statements ; and it appears unaccountable that the Earl of Northumberland should have been
deemed, as Sir William Pole calls him, (p. 524-.) the heir general of Brien, and as such should
have had lands awarded to him : for Isabel, the heiress of Fitzpayne, appears to have been
30 years of age at the same time that the co-heiress of Brien, erroneously, as it should seem,
supposed to have been her mother, was only 1 1.

1 The family sometimes bore other arms. — Seethe History of Cornwall.

BONVILLE,

DEVONSHIRE. ciii

Bonville, Baron Bonville. —Nicholas Bonville, who died in 129*,
married the heiress of Pyne, of Shute. William, the fourth in descent
from Nicholas, was summoned to parliament as Baron Bonville in 1449-
Lord Bonville was beheaded after the battle of St. Alban's. His only son
had been killed in battle not many months before at Wakefield : his grand-
daughter and heiress married Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset.

Arms : — Sable, six mullets, Arg., pierced, 3, 2, and 1.

Dinan, or Dinham, Baron Dinham. — The ancient family of Dinan had
large possessions in this county and in Cornwall, and were founders of
Hartland abbey. Oliver de Dinan, of Cardinham, in Cornwall, was
summoned to parliament as a baron in the reign of Edward I. : his imme-
diate descendant, Sir John Dinham, was summoned to parliament as
Baron Dinham in 1464, and in 1485 was made Lord Treasurer. He died
1501, leaving no surviving issue. His sisters and co-heirs married Sir
Foulke Fitzwarren, John Lord Zouch, Sir Nicholas Carew, and Sir
Thomas Arundell. The Dinhams were possessed of Hemiock castle, in
this county, by inheritance from the Hydons. John Lord Dinham
rebuilt the house at Nutwell, in Woodbury, which had been an ancient
inheritance of the family, and resided there. The heiress of De Arches,
and a co-heiress of Lord Moels, married into this family, a younger
branch of which, now extinct, settled at Wortham, in Lifton, and con-
tinued there for several descents.

Arms : Gules, five lozenges conjoined in fesse, Ermine.

Brooke, Baron Cobham. — Holdich, in Thorncombe, was the seat of the
family of Brooke from the reign of Henry III. till the attainder of Henry
Lord Cobham, in the reign of James I. They had also a castle and park
at Wycroft in Axminster. Sir John Brooke of Holdich and Wycroft was
summoned to parliament as Baron Cobham m in 1472.

Arms : — G. on a chevron, Arg., a lion rampant, Sab. crowned, Or.

Crest : — A chapeaux, G., therefrom a wing of the same charged with a
chevron, Arg., thereon a lion rampant, S. crowned, Or.

Supporters : — Two lions rampant.

- As descended from John Lord Cobham, who died in the ninth year of Henry IV., by

the heiresses of De la Pole and Braybroke.

WlLLOUGHBY,

civ DEVONSHIRE.

Willoughby, Baron Broke Sir Robert Willoughby, who was sum-
moned to parliament as Baron Broke in 1492, married the heiress of
Champernowne, of Beer Ferrers. His son Robert, the second Lord
Broke, who married a co-heiress of Beauchamp of Powick, died without
surviving male issue. The daughters of his son Edward married Sir
Fulke Greville " and Sir Francis Dautrey.

Arms : — Or, two bars, G., charged with three waterbougets, two, one,
Arg., quartering Brooke and Latimer.

Crest : — An old man's head couped at the shoulders, ducally crowned,
Or.

Mohun, Baron Mohun of Oakhampton. — John Mohun, descended
from the ancient baronial family of Mohun of Dunster, was, in 1628,
created a peer, by the title of Baron Mohun, of Oakhampton. The title
became extinct by the death of Charles, the third Lord Mohun, who was
killed in a duel with the Duke of Hamilton, to whom it also proved fatal,
in 1712. The heiress of Lord Mohun married Arthur, Viscount Doneraile.

Arms : — Or, a cross engrailed, Sable.

Crest : — A dexter arm embowed, maunched, Erm. in the hand,
Proper, a fleur-de-lis, Or.

Supporters : — Two lions rampant gardant, Arg., crowned with earls'
coronets, Or, the balls, Arg.

Eliott, Baron Heathfield. — The first Lord Heathfield, the brave de-
fender of Gibraltar ° having married a daughter of Sir Francis Drake,
Bart., who died in 174-1, the late baronet of that name, who died in 1794,
bequeathed Buckland Abbey, Nutwell in Woodbury, and other estates in
Devon, to his nephew, Francis Augustus, the late Lord Heathfield, who
resided at Nutwell, and died in 1813, when the title became extinct.

Arms : — G. on a bend, Arg., a baton, Az., on a chief of the last the
fortress of Gibraltar, under it plus ultra, as an augmentation.

Crest : — A dexter arm holding a cutlass, Proper ; the arm charged with
a key.

n Correct the account in p. lxxxii. of Cornwall, where for Grenviile read Greville. The
daughters of Robert, the second Lord Broke, by his second wife, married Pawlet and Blount,
and inherited, by bequest, most of his estates.

• Created Lord Heathfield ih 1787.

Sup-

DEVONSHIRE. cv

Supporters : — On the dexter side a ram ; on the sinister a goat, each
wreathed with flowers round the neck.

Baronial Families not summoned to Parliament.

De Sap, Baron of Oakhampton. — The heiress married Avenell.
Arms : — Cheeky, Or, and Az., over all two bars, Argent.

Fitz Robert, or De Torrington, Baron of Torrington. — After six
descents the co-heiresses married Merton, Waleis, Tracey, Sully, and
Umfraville.

Arms : — G. 2 bars, and in chief a lion passant, Or.

Tracey, Baron of Barnstaple. — The heiress of Henry Tracey, who
died about the latter end of Henry the Third's reign, married Nicholas
Martin, Baron of Dartington, and afterwards Sir Jeffery Camville, and
had issue by both.

The Traceys of Toddington, in Gloucestershire, of which the late Viscount
Tracey was the representative, were of this family, but the early pedi-
grees are not sufficiently clear to enable us to ascertain the exact relation
of this Henry. It is probable that the younger branch remained at Tod-
dington ; for it appears that William de Traci, the common ancestor, in
the reign of Henry I. possessed both Toddington and the barony of
Barnstaple. This William de Traci was a younger son of John de
Sudely, Lord of Sudely, in Gloucestershire, by the heiress of Henry de
Traci, who possessed the barony of Barnstaple in the reign of Henry I.

Arms : — Or, an escallop in chief, S. between 2 bends, Gules.

Nonant, Baron of Totnes. — The heiress married Beauchamp.
Arms : — Arg. a lion rampant, Gules.

Cantilupe, Baron of Totnes. — The heiress married Eudo le Zouch, in
the reign of Henry III.

Arms : — Az. three leopards' faces jessant de lis, Or.

Brewer, or Briwere, Baron Brewer. — Dugdale, who spells the name

Briwere, says that the first mention he had seen of the family was in the

Vol. VI. o 26

cvi DEVONSHIRE.

26 of Henry II., when William Briwere purchased lands in Devon : but
it may be observed that Ralph de Bruera, or Brewer, held three
manors under Baldwin the Sheriff at the time of the Domesday survey.
William Brewer, a powerful baron in the reign of King John, and a great
favourite of that monarch, was founder of Tor and Dunkesvvell abbies :
his son William died without issue in 1232 : Grace, the elder sister, married
Braose, or Brus ; Isabel married Dover, and afterwards Wake ; Margaret,
Ferte, or De Feritate ; Alice, Mohun ; and Joan, Percy.

Arms of Brewer : — Gules, 2 bends undy, Or : a different coat is
assigned to Brewer of Teign Bruer.

Pomeroy, Baron of Berry. — This ancient family continued to possess
the barony of Berry till the attainder of Sir Thomas Pomeroy, in the
reign of Edward VI. The heiresses or co-heiresses of Valletort, Merton,
Beavill, and Denzell, married into this family.

The elder branch of this family became extinct in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, when the heiress is said to have married Penkevil : younger
branches were of Sandridge and of Ingesdon in this county ; a co-heiress
of Pomeroy of Sandridge married Gilbert, ancestor of the Rev. Pomeroy
Gilbert of Bodmin, about a century ago, About the middle of the seven-
teenth century the co-heiresses of Pomeroy of Ingesdon married Thomas
and Ford. Arthur Pomeroy, Viscount Harberton, of the kingdom of
Ireland, is supposed to be descended from a younger son of the Pomeroys
of Ingesdon.

Arms of Pomeroy. — Or, a lion rampant, G., a border invecked of the
second.

Valletort, Baron of Harberton. — Extinct about the year 130i : the
co-heiresses married Corbet and Pomeroy.

Arms : — Arg. 3 bends, G., within a border, Sable bezanty.

Paganel, or Pannel, Baron of Bampton. — William Paganel married
the grand-daughter and heiress of Walter de Douay, who possessed Bamp-
ton by the gift of William the Conqueror ; his son Fulke married a co-
heiress of Averinches. The male line of Paganel became extinct after
four descents, when the inheritance came to Sir John Cogan, whose grand-
father had married the sister of the second William Paganel.

Arms : — Or, two lions passant in pale, Azure.

Irish

DEVONSHIRE.

cvu

Irish Peer Extinct.

Ridgway, Earl of Londonderry. — John Ridgway, alias Pecock, pur-
chased the manor of Tor Mohun, and resided at Torwood. His grandson
was, in 1612, created a baronet; in 1616 Baron Ridgway of Galen Ridg-
way, in the county of Londonderry ; and, in 1622, Earl of Londonderry.
These titles became extinct by the death of Robert, the fourth Earl, in
1713. His only son, Henry Lord Ridgway, had died in 1708. Co-heiresses
of Southcote and Mack- Williams, and the heiress of "Weston, had married
into this family. The co-heiresses of the last Earl of Londonderry married
Arthur, Earl of Donegall, and Thomas Pitt, Esq., who, in 1719, was
created Baron Londonderry, and, in 1726, Earl of Londonderry.

The original arms of Ridgway, alias Pecock, were, Arg. on a chevron
engrailed three trefoils, Or, between three peacocks' heads erased, Az.,
their necks encircled with crowns, Or. The Ridgvvays afterwards bore
Sable two angels' wings conjoined in fesse, the tips upwards, Argent.

Noble?nen's Seats.

Berry Pomeroy
Bicton
Bishop's Court

Canon Teign

Castlehill

Court

Endsleigh

Huish

Mamhead

Mount Edgecumbe

Up-Ottery

Powderham Castle
Saltram
Stevenstone
Ugbrook

Werrington

Parishes.

Farringdon
Chrislow
Filleigh
North Molton
Milton Abbot

Maker

Plympton St. Mary
St. Giles
Chudleieh

Duke of Somerset.
Lord Rolle.
Lord Graves.

{Occasionally inhabited by Viscount
Exmouth.
Earl Fortescue.

f Occasionally inhabited by the Earl of
\ Morley.
Duke of Bedford.
Lord Clinton.

Earl of Lisburne (inhabited by a tenant).
Earl Mount Edgecumbe.

{Occasionally inhabited by Viscount
Sidmouth.
Viscount Courtenay (resides abroad).
Earl of Morley.
Lord Rolle.
Lord Clifford.

{Occasionally inhabited by the Duke
of Northumberland.

O X

There

cviii DEVONSHIRE.

There are few remains of the ancient seats of the extinct nobility ;
the principal are, Colecombe castle, a seat of the Earls of Devon ; Pothe-
ridge, the seat of the Duke of Albemarle ; and Heanton Sachville, that
of the Earl of Orford. There are some remains of Oakhampton Castle,
a seat of the Earls of Devon ; merely a tower of Hemiock Castle, a seat
of the Dinhams ; and a gateway only of the old mansion of the Bour-
chiers, Earls of Bath, near the seat of their representative, Sir Bourchier
Wrey, Bart.

Baronets.

Prideaux, of Netherton, 1622. — This ancient family was originally of
Prideaux castle, in Cornwall. A younger branch settled at Orchardton,
in the parish of Modbury, in this county, in the reign of Henry III.
The elder line of the Orchardton branch became extinct in the reign of
Queen Elizabeth. A younger son of this branch settled at Adeston, in
Holbeton, and afterwards removed to Theoborongh, or Thuborough, in
Sutcomb. Before the separation from the Orchardton branch, the heiresses
of Treverbin and Clifford, and daughters of Mortimer, Earl of March, and
Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, had married into this family. Sir John,
second son of Sir Piercy Prideaux, of Orchardton, Knight Banneret,
acquired Adeston, by his marriage with the heiress of Adeston : his son
married the heiress of Gavestone, his grandson, the heiress of Bromford ;
his great grandson the heiress of Gitfard, of Thuborough. Sir Richard
Prideaux, sixth in descent from Sir John above mentioned, had two sons,
William of Thuborough p, and Roger of Soldon, in the parish of Hols-
worthy. This Roger had two sons, Nicholas q, and Edmund, an eminent
lawyer, who purchased Netherton, and was created a baronet in 1622.
The second wife of Sir Edmund Prideaux, the fourth baronet, (who died
in 1719,) was a co-heiress of Saunderson of Lincolnshire. Sir Edmund,
the fifth baronet, had two daughters co-heiresses, married to Winstanley of
Leicestershire, and Basset of Tehidy, in Cornwall. Sir John Prideaux,

p The late John Prideaux, Esq. of North Tawton, whose heiress married John Sillifant,
Esq., of Combe, is supposed to have been the representative of this branch.

•1 Ancestor of the Prideauxes of Soldon. The heiress of this family married a younger
brother of Sir Edmund Prideaux, Bart., who died in 1719.

half-

DEVONSHIRE. cix

half-brother of Edmund, was the sixth baronet, and was succeeded by his
grandson, Sir John Wihnot Prideaux, the present baronet.

A younger branch of Prideaux of Netherton, being descended from a
younger son of the first baronet, who married a co-heiress of Franceis of
Comb Flory, in Somersetshire, was of Ford Abbey. The heiress of this
branch, in 1G90, married Gwynn.

Arms : — Arg. a chevron, S., a label of three points.

Crest : — On a cap of dignity, a Saracen's head, coupedat the shoulders,
looking sideways, Proper.

Wrey, of Tawstock, 1628. — The ancestors of this ancient family
were originally of Wrey, in the parish of Moreton Hampstead, whence
they removed to North Russel ', and afterwards, in consequence of a
marriage with the heiress of Killigrew, to Trebigh, in Cornwall. Sir
William Wrey was described of Trebigh, when created a baronet, in 1628.
At an earlier period, the heiresses of Holway and Norris had married into
this family. Sir Chichester Wrey, the second baronet, married the Countess
Dowager of Middlesex, who was one of the co-heiresses of Edward
Bourchier, Earl of Bath. s In consequence of this marriage, he became
possessed of Tawstock, in Devonshire, the present seat of the family, and
other estates in the county. Sir Bourchier Wrey, the third baronet, was a
distinguished military officer. His grandson, Sir Bourchier, is the present
and sixth baronet.

Arms : — Sable, a fesse between three pole-axes, Argent, helved, Gules.

Crest of Wrey : — An arm embowed, habited, S. the hand, Proper,
holding a hatchet, Arg., helved, G.

The present baronet uses the crest of Bourchier, and bears the arms of
Plantagenet, Bourchier, and Bohun, quartered with Wrey. '

Pole, of Shute, 1628. — Arthur Pole, ancestor of this ancient family
who settled in Devonshire in the reign of Richard II., was a younger son
of Pole or Poole, of Poole, in the hundred of Wirral, in Cheshire. This
Arthur married the heiress of Pole of Honiton. " Sir William Pole, fifth
in descent from Arthur, was the industrious and learned collector of the

' It does not appear where North Russel is. s See p. xcviii.

1 See how they are entitled to these coats, p. xcviii.

u The father of this heiress had married the heiress of Ockbeare, by the heiress of ayounger
branch of Bonville.

valuable

ex DEVONSHIRE.

valuable materials for a history of his native county, which were published
by his descendant, the late Sir John William De la Pole, in 1791. He
married a co-heiress of Chief Baron Periam. His eldest son, John, was
created a baronet in the lifetime of his father, and died in 1635. Periam
, Pole, a younger son of Sir William, was ancestor of the Poles of Ireland,
of whom the late William Pole, Esq.x, was the representative. Sir William
Templer Pole y, the present baronet, is the seventh in succession.
Arms : — Azure, semee-de-lis, Or, a lion rampant, Argent.
Crest : — A lion's gamb, G., armed, Or.

Bampfylde, of Poltimore, July 14. 1641. — John Baumfield, ancestor of
this family, acquired Poltimore, in the reign of Edward I. ; his father
married the heiress of Faber, and the pedigree is traced two generations
higher. John Baumfield, the fifth in descent from John, who settled at
Poltimore, married the heiress of Pederton, and had two sons, the younger
of whom was ancestor of the Bampfyldes of Hardington, in Somersetshire,
(his mother's inheritance,) extinct about the beginning of the eighteenth
century. William, the great grandson of the last-mentioned John, married
a co-heiress of St. Maure. John Bampfylde, Esq., the sixth in descent from
William, was created a baronet in 1641. He married one of the co-
heiresses of the elder branch of Copleston. Sir Richard Warwick Bamp-
fylde, the late baronet, married the heiress of Codrington, by the heiress
of Gorges of Wraxall, in Somersetshire ; his son, Sir Charles Warwick
Bampfylde, is the fifth baronet, and the seventeenth in lineal descent from
John Baumfield, who first acquired Poltimore.

Arms : — ■ Or, on a bend, G., three mullets, Arg.

Crest : — On a wreath a lion's head, erased, Sab., ducally crowned, G.

Northcote, of Hayne, July 16. 1641. — This family derives its descent
from Galfridus de Northcote, who possessed Northcote, in the parish of
East Downe, in the twelfth century. After many descents, during which
the heiresses or co-heiresses of Hilion, Meols, Hawkworthy, Guamed or
Mamhede, and Passmere, married into the family, Walter Northcote
acquired Hayne, in the parish of Newton St. Cyres, by marriage with the

* He bequeathed his estates to the Honourable William Wellesley, who took the name
of Pole.

i His father, the late baronet, wrote his name De la Pole.

heiress

DEVONSHIRE. cxi

heiress of Drew. This Walter left a daughter and heiress, married to
Yarde. John Northcote, elder son of his brother John, was created a
baronet, in 1641 ; he married the heiress of Haswell ; his son, Sir Arthur,
the heiress of Welsh. Sir Henry, the fifth baronet, married the heiress of
Stafford, of Pynes, in the parish of Upton Pyne, now the seat of the I
family. His son, Sir Stafford Henry Northcote, is the sixth and present
baronet.

Arms: — Quarterly, 1. and 4., Arg., a fesse between three crosses mo-
lines, Sab. 2. and 3., Arg., three crosses in bend, S.

Crest : — Upon a cap of dignity, a stag trippant, Arg.

Chichester, of Ralegh, August 4. 1641. — This family is said to have
taken its name from Cirencester, in Gloucestershire, the residence of ite
remote ancestors. The first person of the family mentioned by Prince is
Waleran de Cirencester, great-grandfather of Sir Thomas de Cirencester z,
who was lord of the manor of St. Mary Church, in the reign of Henry III.
Ptichard, great grandson of Sir Thomas, is said to have been the first of
the family who wrote his name Chichester. Sir John Chichester, grandson
of Richard, married the heiress of Ralegh, of Ralegh, in the parish of
Pilton. John, son of Sir John, married the heiress of Woolton, or Wotton,
of Widworthy. Richard, a younger son of this John, was ancestor of the
Chichesters of Hall. a John, great-grandson of the last-mentioned John,
married the heiress of Beaumont, of Youlston : by a second wife, he had
two sons, ancestors of the Chichesters - of Arlington b and Widworthy.
Edward, son of the first wife, married a daughter of Bourchier, Earl of
Bath. His son, Sir John, was father of Sir John Chichester of Ralegh, who
died of the gaol-fever, so fatal at the assizes at Exeter, in 1,585; Arthur
Chichester, Lord Deputy of Ireland, created Lord Belfast, who died
without issue ; Sir Edward Chichester of Eggesford, created Viscount

1 According to Sir William Pole, Sir Thomas de Cirencester bore for his arms, Arg., a
chevron, Azure, a label of three points, Gules.

a James, son of Richard, married a co-heiress ofGough; John, grandson of James, a co-
heiress of Marwood. At a later period, the heiress of Hanvood married into this family. The
present representative is Charles Chichester, Esq. now of Hall. This branch has resided at
Atherington and at Stowford, in Swimbridge.

b Arlington, now the seat of John Palmer Chichester, Esq., was settled on a younger branch
in the reign of Henry VII. The grandfather of the present Mr. Chichester married the heiress
of Palmer of Dorney, Bucks.

Carrick-

cxii DEVONSHIRE.

Carriekfergus, ancestor of the present Marquis of Donegal ; and other
children. Sir Robert Chichester, K. B., son of Sir John Chichester of
Ralegh, married one of the co-heiresses of Lord Harington of Exeter, by
whom he had an only daughter, married to an ancestor of the Earl of
I Aylesbury. John Chichester, Esq., of Ralegh, his son by a second wife,
was created a baronet in 1641. Sir John Chichester, the fifth baronet,
who died in 17§4, married one of the co-heiresses of Sir George Chud-
leigh, Bart. Sir Arthur Chichester of Youlston, cousin c of the late Sir
John Chichester, is the present and seventh baronet.

Arms: — Cheeky, Or, and G., a chief Vaire.

Crest : — On a wreath, a heron rising with an eel in his beak, Proper.

^IDavie, ofCreedy, Sept. 9- Kill. — The original name of this family
was De la Way, taken from a place called Way or Wey, in the parish of
St. Giles, which was their ancient inheritance, and which the heiress of
Walter De la Way brought at a very early period to the Pollards. In
process of time, the name of the younger branch, which continued the
male line, was altered to Dewey, De Vye, or Davy. d Robert de Via,
or Davyc, in the early part of the fourteenth century married the
heiress of Owlacombe. The heiress of Upcot of Upcot, in Beaford, mar-
ried into this family also at an early period. They flourished for many
years at Upcot, and at Ebberleigh and Owlacombe or Oldacombe, both
in Roborough.

William Davie, Esq., was member for Barnstaple in 1446 ; his son
Richard had two sons, William the elder, who continued at Ebberleigh %
and Robert, who settled at Crediton. This Robert married the heiress of

« Descended from the Rev. William Chichester, a younger son of Sir John Chichester, (grand-
father of the late baronet,) who died in 1740.

d There was a John Davy, one of the bailiffs of Exeter in 1314^.

c John Davie of Ebberleigh, fourth in descent from Roger, married a co-heiress of Blinsam
or Blinsham ; John, grandson of John, a co-hjir ess of Doderidge of Doderidge, in Crediton.
John, son of the last-mentioned John, was of Ebberleigh, in 1620 ; he was then the head of the
family, and had four sons, of whom Henry wa» the elder; Thomas, the second son of John
Davie, by the co-heiress of Blinsam, had settled at Upcot, in Beaford, where his great grand-
son Henry was living at the age of 28, in 1620. This is the Henry Davy of Upcot spoken of
as an antiquary by Risdon. There were also, in 1620, male descendants of a third son of John
Davie, and the co-heiress of Blinsam. Mr. Hugh Davy of Oldacombe, who died in 1763
was the last of this elder branch of the family. It is probable that the Davies, merchants of
Bideford, ancestors of the Davies ofOrleigb, were descended from one of the younger sons of
this branch.

Thomas,

DEVONSHIRE. cxiii

Thomas, by the heiress of Bardolph, and had four sons, John, ancestor of
the Davies of Crediton ; Gilbert, ancestor of the Davies of Canon
Teign ' ; Lawrence, ancestor of the Davies of Medland g ; and John,
ancestor of the Davies of Creedy. This last-mentioned John was mayor
of Exeter in 1584, and in that year entertained Don Antonio, King of
Portugal : his son of the same name was created a baronet in 11)41. The
second wife of Sir John Davie, the third baronet, was a co-heiress of
Reynell, by a co-heiress of Periam. Sir William Davie, his successor, was
the son of a younger son of the first baronet ; he also dying without male
issue, the title went to John, son of Humphrey, youngest son of the firsA
Baronet. This Sir John was great-great grandfather of Sir John Davie^
of Creedy, the present and ninth baronet.

Arms: — Arg. a chevron, S., between three mullets pierced, Gules. ^^

Crest : — A holy lamb.

Acland, of Columbjohn, l6tk — This ancient family derived its name
from Aclana, or Akeland, (i. e. Oakland,) in the parish of Landkey, which
had been their property and residence for sixteen descents at the time of
the last heralds' visitation, in 1620. Before the year 1500, the heiresses
or co-heiresses of Leigh, (of Leigh in Loxbeare,) Hawkridge, Riverton,
and Hakworthy, had married into the family. John Acland, who lived about
the latter end of the fifteenth, or the beginning of the sixteenth century,
had two sons, the younger of whom, Anthony, left posterity settled at
Hawkridge, and afterwards at Fremington. " John, grandson of the last-
mentioned John, (in the elder line,) married a co-heiress of Radcliffe, and
had two sons, the younger of whom, Sir John Acland, is recorded by
Prince for his extensive charities, and his benefactions to his native county
and to the university of Oxford. He built the house at Columbjohn,
which was some time the chief seat of the family.

Sir Arthur Acland, son of Hugh, elder brother of Sir John, and heir
to his father and uncle, married the heiress of Malet of Wooley. John
(son of Sir Arthur) was a zealous royalist, and garrisoned his house at

■Edmund Davie, M. D., the last of this branch, died in 1692, and was buried in Exeter
cathedral.

s In Cheriton Bishop. Andrew Davy, the last of this branch, (so they spell their name,) died
in 1722.

h John Acland, Esq., the last of this branch, died in 1767 : his sisters and co-heiresses
married Barbor and Fortescue : the latter had no issue.

Vol. VI. p Columb-

.his g

Jmaffe

^Iphro

Gen

cxiv DEVONSHIRE.

Columbjohn for the King. He was created a baronet in 1644, but the patent
not having been made out, it was confirmed to his younger son Hugh', in
1677. with precedency from the date of the former patent. Sir Hugh Acland,
the sixth baronet, (being grandson of the last-mentioned Hugh,) married
a co-heiress of Sir Thomas Wroth, Bart. A younger son of this Sir Hugh
settled at Fairfield in Somersetshire. k Sir Thomas Acland, the seventh
baronet, married the heiress of Dyke of Somersetshire, and was succeeded
by his grandson John, son of the brave Major Acland, distinguished by
his gallant services in America, and of the excellent Lady Harriot ', whose
fferings and resolution, during an anxious attendance upon her husband,
ftughout the perils of a long campaign, have been related by the pen of
neral Burgoyne, and will bear comparison with what has been recorded
f the most celebrated heroine of antiquity. The present and tenth
aronet is son of the late- baronet, and nephew of the brave Major Acland
and Lady Harriot.

Arms : — Cheeky A. and S., a fesse, G.

Crest : — On a wreath a man's hand couped at the wrist, with a glove
on, and a falcon perched thereon, Proper.

Carew, of Haccombe, 1661. — The first of the ancient baronial family
of Carew, or De Carru, who was connected with Devonshire, was Sir
John de Carru, who married one of the co-heiresses of Sir William Mohun,
of Mohun's Ottery, about the year 1S0O. The only son of this marriage
died without issue. Sir John's second wife was a daughter of Lord
Talbot. Sir Nicholas, his great-great-grandson, married the heiress of
Courtenay of Haccombe, by the heiress of L'Ercedekne, Archdekne, or
Archdeacon. This lady, being in her widowhood possessed of most of
the great estates of the family, gave Haccombe to her second sonm Nicho-

' Sir Francis, the elder son of the first baronet, died without issue ; Sir John, the younger
son, succeeded to the title, and had an only son, Sir Arthur, who died in his minority.

k See p. cxx. ' Daughter of Stephen, Earl of Ilchester.

"' Sir Thomas Carew, the elder son, inherited Mohun's Ottery, and married a co-heiress of
C'arminow ; his son, Sir Nicholas, who was buried in Westminster Abbey, married one of the
co-heiresses of John Lord Dinham ; Sir Edmund Carew, his son, had three sons, Sir William,
whose two sons, Sir Peter and Sir Gawen, both distinguished military characters, died without
issue, and whose only daughter married Kirkham of Blagdon. Thomas, ancestor of the
Carews of Bickleigh, one of whose coheiresses married Sir Thomas Carew, Bart., of Hac-
combe, and George, father of George Carew, created Earl of Totnes.

las.

DEVONSHIRE. cxv

las. Thomas Carew, Esq., sixth in descent from Nicholas, was created a
baronet in 1661 ; he married a co-heiress of Carew of Bickleigh, and to
his second wife, the heiress of Duck, by whom he had an only daughter.
Sir Thomas, the fourth baronet, married one of the co-heiresses of West.
His great grandson, Sir Henry, the seventh and present baronet, married
the heiress of the late Walter Palk, Esq.

Arms : — See Carew Earl of Totnes.

Crest : — On a wreath, a main-mast, the round top set off with palisa-
does, Or, a lion issuing thereout, Sable .

Supporters : — Two antelopes, G., armed and unguled, Arg.

Rogers, of Wisdom, 1698. — John Rogers, Esq., who was created a
baronet by King William III., was an eminent merchant and M. P. for
Plymouth : he was the immediate descendant of Mr. John Rogers, the
first martyr in Queen Mary's reign. Sir John Lemon Rogers is the fourth
in descent from the first Sir John, and is the fifth baronet. The seat of
the family has been, of late years, at Blachford in Cornwood. Wisdom
is now a farm-house.

Arms: — Arg. a chevron, G., between three roebucks current, S., attired
and gorged with ducal coronets, Or.

Crest : — On a mount, Vert., a roebuck current, Proper, attired and
gorged with a ducal coronet, Or, between two branches of laurel, Proper.

Duntze, of Rockbeare House, 1774. — John Duntze, a merchant in
Exeter, and M. P. for Tiverton, was created a baronet in 1774, and was
father of Sir John Duntze of Tiverton, the second and present baronet.

Arms : — Arg. a holy lamb passant, Or.

Crest : — A mullet between two eagles' wings.

Baker, of Loventor, in the parish of Berry Pomeroy, 1776. — Sir
George Baker, late physician in ordinary to His Majesty, was created a
baronet Aug. 24. 1776. His father was rector of West Allington, and
his ancestors had for several generations been possessed of property in the
county. Sir Frederick, son of Sir George, the second and present baronet,
resides at Bath, but possesses property in the county. Loventor is inha-
bited by his aunt.

p 2 Arms:

r~'»

cxvi DEVONSHIRE.

Arms : — Arg. on a saltier engrailed, Sable, five escallops of the first ;
on a chief of the second a lion passant of the field.

Crest : — A dexter arm embovved, vested, Azure, cuffed, Arg., holding
in the hand, Proper, an arrow of the last.

Palk, of Haldon House, 1782. — The ancestors of this family were
resident in Devonshire, and possessed of Ambrook, in the parish of Ipple-
pen, about the end of the fifteenth century. Sir Robert Palk was created
a baronet in 1782. The present and third baronet, Sir Lawrence Vaughan
Palk, is his grandson, being son of the late Sir Lawrence, by Lady Eliza-
beth Vaughan, daughter of Wilmot, Earl of Lisburne.

Arms : — S. an eagle displayed, Arg., beaked and legged, Or, a border
engrailed of the second.

Crest : — On a semiterrestrial globe of the northern hemisphere, Proper,
an eagle rising, as in the arms.

Buller, of Lupton, 1789. — The late eminent lawyer, Francis Buller,
Esq., a younger son of James Buller, Esq., of Shdlingfbrd in Cornwall,
and of Downe, in Devonshire, and one of the justices of the court of
King's Bench, married the heiress of Yarde of Lupton, in the parish of
Brixham. He was created a baronet November 28, I7S9. His son,
Sir Francis, the present baronet, who took the name of Yarde, has not
resided in Devonshire since he inherited the title ; but the estates and
Lupton are still in the family.

Arms : — Quarterly of nine, S. and A., in the second, fourth, sixth, and
eighth quarter, an eagle displayed of the first.

Crest : — A Saracen's head, couped, Proper.

Kennaway, of Escot, 1791. — John Kennaway, Esq., son of a merchant
of Exeter of Scottish origin, distinguished himself in the wars in India
against Hyder Ali and Tippoo Sultan, and in negotiating the alliance
between the East India Company and the Nizam, in 1790, and the treaty
of peace between the allied powers and Tippoo, in 1792. He was created
a baronet for the former services in 1791 • Escot House having been burnt
down and not rebuilt, Sir John Kennaway resides in a house not far
distant.

Arms :

DEVONSHIRE. cxvii

Arms : — Arg. a fesse, Az., between two eagles displayed in chief, and
in base an annulet, G., through which a slip of olive and another of palm

in saltier.

Crest : — An eagle rising, Proper, from the beak an escocheon pendant,

Azure, charged with the sun in splendour, Proper.

Hamlyn Williams, of Clovelly Court, 1795. — Richard Hammett, Esq.,
father of Sir James Hamlyn, married the heiress of Risdon of Woolfardis-
worthy : his son James, who took the name of Hamlyn in 17<J0, pursuant
to the will of his great uncle Zachary Hamlyn, Esq., of Clovelly Court, was
created a baronet in 1?95, and died in 1811 : he married the heiress of
Williams of Carmarthenshire. His son, Sir James Hamlyn Williams, the
present baronet, took the name of Williams, in addition to Hamlyn, in

1798.

Arms of Hamlyn : — Or, a falcon regardant, the wings elevated, S.,

belled, G., between three roses.

Arms of Williams : — G. a lion rampant, per fesse wavy, A., and Erm.
ducally crowned, Or.

Crest : A swan with wings endorsed, Arg.. collared, G, winged,

beaked, and legged, Or, holding in the beak a bolt, Sable.

Crest of Williams : — A demi-swan, A., the wings elevated, S., each
charged with a rose of the first, on the breast a birdbolt erect of the
second, the head downwards.

Milman, of Levaton in Woodland, Nov. 4. 1800. — The late Sir
Francis Milman, physician to His Majesty, who was created a baronet in
1800, was son of the Rev. Francis Milman, and grandson of another
Francis Milman, both beneficed in Devonshire, and descended from the
ancient family of Milman of Yorkshire, and of Chelsea near London.
The late Sir Francis married the heiress of Hart of Stapledon, in Glou-
cestershire : his elder son, Sir Francis, is the present baronet. The grand-
father married a co-heiress of Dyer, of Levaton.

Arms : — Azure, a serpent nowed, Proper, between three sinister gaunt-
lets, Arg.

Crest: — A stag lodged, per pale, Erm. and Erminois, attired, Or, the

body charged with two hurts.

Elford,

cxviii DEVONSHIRE.

Elford, of Bickham, Nov. 26. 1800. — This ancient family is said to
have been of Cornish extraction. Robert de Elford was sheriff of Devon-
shire in 1302. Before the year 1400, they settled at Longstone, in the
parish of Shipstor, where the elder branch remained till 1748, when it
became extinct in the male line. John Elford, of Longstone, in 1517,
married the heiress of Scudamore. John, the fourth in descent from the
last-mentioned John, married a co-heiress of Copleston, by whom he had
four daughters ; two of these married into the Fortescue family ; and a
third married Woollcombe. The Rev. Lancelot Elford, who, on the ex-
tinction of the Longstone branch, had become the male representative of
the family, was father of Sir William Elford, created a baronet in 1800.
A co-heiress of Hals married into this family. Sir William resides at
Bickham, which has for a considerable time been the seat of his branch of
the family."

Arms : — Quarterly, 1 and 4., per pale, wavy, A. and S., a lion ramp-
ant, G., 2 and 3. Arg., three stirrups and leathers, Sab., for Scudamore.

Crest: — A demilion rampant, per pale, wavy, A. and S., ducally
crowned, Or.

Lethbridge, of Sandhill Park, 1804. — John Lethbridge, Esq. of West-
away House, in Devonshire, great grandson of John Lethbridge, who
married a co-heiress of Bourchier of Westaway, was created a baronet in
1804, and was father of Sir Thomas Buckler Lethbridge, Bart., who re-
sides at Sandhill Park, in Somersetshire, but possesses Court in Winkleigh,
and other lands in this county.

Arms : — Argent, over water, Proper, a bridge embattled of five arches ;
on the centre arch a turret, G., in chief an eagle displayed, S., charged on
the breast with a bezant.

Crest: — From a bridge embattled of one arch a demi-eagle issuant,
S., wings elevated Erminois ; on the breast a leopard's face, Or.

Lopes, of Maristow, 1S05. — Manasseh Masseh Lopes, Esq., of Mari-
stow House, son of Abraham Lopes, Esq., of the island of Jamaica, was
created a baronet in 1805, with remainder to his nephew, Ralph Franco.

n Jonathan Elford, of Bickham, was second son of John Elford, (then the representative of
the family,) who was li years of age in 1620.

Arms :

DEVONSHIRE. cxix

Arms : — Az. a chevron, Or, charged with five barrulets, G., between
three eagles rising of the second ; on a chief of the same, five lozenges of
the field.

Crest: — A lion seiant Erminois, gorged with a collar gemelle, G., the
dexter fore-paw resting on a lozenge, Azure.

Louis, of Cadwell, 1806. — The late Admiral Sir Thomas Louis, of
French extraction, was, for his gallant services in the West Indies, created
a baronet in 1806, and was succeeded in the title by his son now Sir John
Louis, who is a captain in the navy.

Arms : — Az. a lion rampant, Arg. charged on the shoulder, with an
eagle displayed, S. ; on a chief wavy Erin., an anchor erect of the third ;
the shank surrounded with a naval coronet ; the rim Az., the stern and
sails, Proper.

Crest: — A griffin's head erased, between two wings elevated, Or, in the
beak a fleur-de-lis, on the breast a trident erect, Or.

Supporters : — On the dexter side a British sailor, habited, Proper, his
exterior hand supporting a staff, thereon hoisted a flag, Arg., charged with
a cross, G. surmounted by a pair of wings, Or, and inscribed with the words
St. Domingo, in base, Sable.

On the sinister an allegorical figure, representing the Nile, the head and
the upper part of the face concealed by a veil, Arg., the mantle Vert., in-
scribed with hieroglyphicks ; wreathed about the waste with bulrushes,
Proper, and in the exterior hand an ancient rudder, Or.

Perring, of Membland, or Memland, in the parish of Holbeton, 1808. —
John Perring, Esq., alderman of London, and of Memland, in Devonshire,
(which estate was purchased by his uncle, Peter Perring, Esq.,) was
created a baronet in 1808.

Arms: — Argent, on a chevron, Sable, between three leopards' faces of
the fields, as many fir-cones, Proper.

Crest : — A fir-cone, Proper.

Duckworth, of Weare, September, 1813. — Sir John Thomas Duck-
worth, K. B., then Admiral of the Blue, who had been distinguished by a
series of brilliant services, was created a baronet in 1813: he died in
1817, and was succeeded by his son, John Thomas, a minor.

Arms : — Arg., on a chevron, Az., between two ducks in chief, Proper,

and

cxx DEVONSHIRE.

and a naval crown in base of the second, a bomb fired between two etoiles,
Or, on a chief of the second, the words St. Domingo encircled by two
branches of laurel, Or.

Crest : — A castle fired, Proper, supported on the sinister side by a
sea-lion, Azure.

Supporters, granted in 1814 : — On the dexter side, a human figure,
holding in the exterior hand a sword erect, Proper, pannel and hilt, Or;
around the head a halo, composed of seventeen etoiles of the last ; across the
dexter shoulder a belt, Az. fimbriated, and charged with three etoiles, Or,
the waist encircled by a vest, Arg. ; pendant from the sinister side a scab-
bard of the second, and under the feet the hide of an ox, Proper; the
same being emblematical of the constellation Orion, the name of his
Majesty's ship commanded by Sir J. T. Duckworth, on the 1st of June,
1 794.

On the sinister side, a British sailor habited, Proper, the exterior hand
supporting a flag-staff; thereon hoisted the flag of a Rear Admiral of the
White Squadron, Proper, with the word Minorca inscribed on the cross
in letters of gold ; to commemorate his services at Minorca.

Palmer Acland, of Newhouse, Devon, and of Fairfield, Somersetshire,
1818. — John Palmer Acland, Esq., who was created a baronet in October,
ISIS, is the grandson of Sir Hugh Acland, Bart., being the eldest surviv-
ing son of Arthur Acland, Esq., by the heiress of Oxenh'am, who married
the heiress of Long; of Newhouse. Sir John Acland took the name of
Palmer, of Fairfield, in Somersetshire, in addition to that of Acland, in
181S. Sir John Palmer Acland bears the arms of Acland and Palmer,
quarterly, and the crests of both families.

Arms of Palmer: — Or, two bars, G., each charged with three cinque-
foils ; in chief a greyhound current, Sable.

Crest : — A demi-panther, A., semee of hurts, bezants, torteauxes, and
pommes ; in the paws a branch of palm-tree fructed, Proper.

Drake, of Nutwell, 1821. — Francis Drake, who was created a baronet
in 1622, was nephew of the great Sir Francis Drake, and son of John Drake,
some time vicar of Upnor, in Dorsetshire ; but it does not appear that he
was of the same family as the Drakes of the eastern part of Devonshire.
The title became extinct, in 1794, by the death of Sir Francis Henry

Drake,

DEVONSHIRE. cxxi

Drake, Bart., who bequeathed Buckland, and other family estates in
Devonshire, to the late Lord Heathfield, son of his sister and heir", who
had married the gallant defender of Gibraltar. The late Lord Heathfield
dying without issue, his estates devolved on Thomas Trayton Fuller, Esq.,
second surviving son of John Trayton Fuller, Esq., of Brightling, in
Sussex, who had married his sister and heir. Mr. T. T. Fuller, in 1813,
took the additional names of Elliot and Drake, and in July, 1821, was
created a baronet.

Francis Samuel, a younger son of Sir Francis Henry, the fourth baronet,
(who died in 1740,) was an admiral in the navy, and was, in 1782, created
a baronet, for his share in Sir George Rodney's glorious action. The title
became extinct at his death, in 1789.

Arms : — Sable, a fesse wavy, between two pole stars, Arg. ; borne
quarterly p with Elliot and Fuller. q

Crest : — On a helmet, a ship under ruff, drawn round the globe with a
cable rope, by a hand out of the clouds. Over it this motto : Auxilio di-
vino, and underneath it, Sic parvis magna.

These arms, with the crest, were granted to Sir Francis Drake, the
circ u mnavigator.

Sir Walter Roberts, who resides at Courtland, near Exmouth, is son of
Sir Thomas Roberts, of Glassenbury, in Kent, and of Brightfield town, in
the county of Cork. Sir Thomas was created a baronet in 1809.

Arms : — Az. on a chevron, Arg., double cottised, Or, three mullets
pierced, Sable.

Crest : — On a mount vert an eagle displayed, Erm., wings, Arg., gorged
with a wreath of shamrocks.

It would be improper, whilst treating of the Devonshire baronets, to omit
the name of Bastard, of Kitley, although the gentleman on whom the title
was so handsomely conferred declined the honour. The patent had
passed the privy seal, and was gazetted before it was notified to the party
thus deservedly honoured. It is in the recollection of many yet living,
that William Bastard, Esq., of Kitley, made a most prompt tender of his
services upon the appearance of the combined fleet off Plymouth, in 1779 ;
on the 16th of August, he offered the governor to raise 500 men, as a

° The other co-heiress married the Rev. John Pugh.

P Seep. civ. i Arg. 3 bars and a canton, Gules.

Vol. VI. q corps

cxxii DEVONSHIRE.

corps of fencibles ; setting the first example of raising men for the public
service at that important juncture. On the 18th, he had to select from
1500 young men, contending who should have the honour of serving under
him in defence of their country. On the 1 9th, his regiment being com-
plete, and officered by the principal gentlemen of the neighbourhood, he
was appointed to the service of guarding the French prisoners on their
march to Exeter. On the 23d, they set out from the prison at Plymouth,
and on the 25th he delivered them, being about 1300 in number, to the
commanding officer at that city. With a due sense of the merit of these
prompt services, the late king signed the warrant for a baronetcy, which
was gazetted on the 1st of September, and notified to Mr. Bastard, in a
letter from Earl Paulett, on the 4th. The title thus handsomely conferred
was modestly declined, with a due sense of the intended honour.

The ancient family of Bastard derives its origin from Robert Bastard,
who held several manors in this county, in the reign of William the Con-
queror. An an early period, Efford, in the parish of Egg Buckland, was
for several generations the seat of this family. Sir William Pole reckons
Bastard among the old families whose estates had been sold, but whose
descendants remained in the county ; and he mentions William Bastard,
Esq., " learned in the laws," as living, in his time, at Wolston, in West
Allington. Garston, or Gerson, in that parish, was the chief residence of
the immediate ancestors of the late William Bastard, Esq., already men-
tioned. Kitley was acquired in marriage with the heiress of Pollexfen,
about the beginning of the last century. The heiresses of Atley and
Killiowe, had previously married into this family. The present represent-
ative of the family is Edmund Pollexfen Bastard, Esq., one of the members
of the county, grandson of William Bastard, Esq., created a baronet as
above mentioned, and nephew of the late John Pollexfen Bastard, Esq.,
who was one of the representatives of the county in several parliaments.
His younger brother, John Bastard, Esq. M. P. for Dartmouth, resides at
Sharpham, which was the inheritance of his mother, the heiress of Pownall.
Arms of Bastard : — Or, a chevron, Azure.

Crest : — Out of a wreath, a dexter arm embowed in plate armour,
Proper ; garnished, Or, the elbow towards the sinister ; the hand in a gauntlet
grasping a sword, also Proper, pomel and hilt, Or, in bend sinister, the
point downwards.

Extinct

DEVONSHIRE.

CXX11!

Extinct Baronets, and such as are no longer connected "with the County.
Rjdgway, of Torwood, 1612. — See p. cvii.

Chudleigh, of Ashton, 1622. — This ancient family was originally of
Chudleigh. They acquired Broad Clist by purchase, and settled there in
the reign of Edward III. Some time afterwards they removed to Ashton
which came into the family with the heiress of Prous, in the rei^n of
Edward II. John Chudleigh, the third in descent in the pedigree, entered
at the Heralds' visitation, in 1620, married the heiress of Martin ; his
grandson, a co-heiress of Novant. Christopher, the ninth in descent,
married the heiress of Stretchley, of Stretchley : his son John died in the
Streights of Magellan, being on a voyage of discovery, in the reign of
Queen Elizabeth. George Chudleigh, Esq., his grandson, was created a
baronet in 1622. Sir George Chudleigh, who married one of the co-
heiresses of Sir William Davie, Bart., of Creedy, died in 1738, lea vino-
three daughters co-heiresses, married to Oxendon, Chichester, and Pri-
deaux. The title and the male line of this ancient family became extinct
by the death of Sir James Chudleigh, the sixth baronet, who was killed at
the siege of Ostend, in 1745. The celebrated Duchess of Kingston was
daughter and heiress of Colonel Thomas Chudleigh, yonnger brother of
Sir George Chudleigh, above mentioned.

Arms : — Ermine, three lioncels rampant, Gules.

Crest : — On a wreath, a savage, Proper, a garland about his head, a
bugle-horn hanging on a string from his shoulder, on his left side ; his left
arm bent, and in his right hand a Hercules club, Proper.

Supporters : — Two savages, or wild men, Proper.

Drake, of Buckland Monachorum, 1622. — See p. cxx.

Hele, of Fleet, 1627. — Sir William Pole describes two ancient families
of this name, one descended from Hele, of Hele, in the parish of Brad-
ninch ; the other of Hele, in the parish of Cornwood ; but the pedigree, in
the Heralds' Visitation of 1620, makes all the Heles to descend from the
former, the heiress of the elder branch of which married Francis, in the

1 * reign

cxxiv DEVONSHIRE.

reign of Richard II. p About this time Roger, a younger brother of the
family, is said to have settled in Cornwood. John, the third in descent, of
that place, married the heiress of Broking, and appears to have died with-
out issue. Hugh, a younger brother, who succeeded to the Cornwood
estate, was ancestor of the Heles of Cornwood and Diptford. Jacob Bick-
ford Hele, Esq., now of Stert in Diptford, is the representative of this
branch, and of the ancient family of Hele.

Nicholas, a younger brother of Hugh, was of South Hele, and had by
two wives several sons. The elder died without issue. John, the second,
was ancestor of the Heles of Gnaton and Holwell q ; Thomas, ancestor of
the Heles of Fleet ; Hugh, ancestor of those of Newton Ferrers r ; Walter,
ancestor of the Heles of Brixton s ; and Sir John Hele, Sergeant-at-la\v,
ancestor of the Heles of Wembury. '

Thomas Hele, Esq., of Fleet, above mentioned, was created a baronet
in 1627 : his son Samuel, and the two sons of Samuel, (Samuel and Henry,)
successively enjoyed the title, which became extinct on the death of Sir
Henry Hele, the fourth baronet, in 1677- Under the will of the first Sir
Samuel, the Fleet estate passed to his cousin Richard, on the death of
whose great grandson, James Modyford Hele, in ]7lG, the Fleet branch
of the Heles became extinct. Mr. Bulteel is the representative of this
branch.

Arms : — Gules, a bend lozengy, Ermine.

Crest : — On a chapeau, a falcon, the wings elevated, Arg.

Pollard, of Kings Nympton, I627. — This ancient family was of Way,

p Nicholas, the last of the elder branch, (whose heiress married Francis,) had himself married
the heiress of Percehay.

1 The Holwell branch became extinct in the early part of the last century, by the death of
Roger Hele, Esq., who left two daughters ; Juliana, married to the Duke of Leeds, by whom
she had no issue, and afterwards to the Earl of Portmore, ancestor of the present Earl ; and
Charity, married to the Right Hon. George Treby, whose representatives are Paul Treby Treby,
Esq., Treby Hele Hayes, Esq., and Arthur Kelly, jun., Esq.

r The Heles of Newton Ferrers were descended, according to Prince, from Hugh, second sou
of Nicholas Hele, by his second wife. This branch is supposed to have been long ago extinct.

s The Heles of Brixton were descended from Walter, whom Prince calls the third son of
Nicholas, by his second wife, but whom other accounts make the second. He was father of
Elizeus Hele, who died in 1635, and bequeathed his estates to charitable uses ; and another
son, whose posterity failed after two generations.

' Sergeant Hele, by a co-heiress of Warwick, had Sir Warwick Hele, Sir Francis, and other
sons ; but the male issue of this branch became extinct by the death of John, son of Sir Francis.
The heiress of this branch married Sir Edward Hungerford, K. B.

near

DEVONSHIRE. cxxv

near Torrington, in the reign of Henry III. John Pollard, in the reign of
Edward II., married the heiress of Doddescomb ; his son Walter, the heiress
of Cornu of Horwood, which became the chief seat of the family. The
elder branch of the Pollards of Way and Horwood continued in the male
line till the reign of Queen Elizabeth. There was remaining in Sir William
Pole's time (about 1620) an ancient branch of this family, then residing at
Langley, in High Bickington, descended from Roger, second son of the
heiress of Doddescomb, which Roger married a co-heiress of Harford, and
the fourth in descent from him, the heiress of Britton, of Langley. This
branch is extinct.

Sir Lewis Pollard, made one of the Justices of the Court of Common
Pleas in 1515, was son of Robert, second son of John Pollard (which
John was son of the heiress of Cornu). Sir Lewis purchased Kings
Nympton, and built the family seat there. Lewis Pollard, Esq., his imme-
diate descendant, was created a baronet in I627. Sir Hugh, the second
baronet, was a zealous royalist, and was governor of Dartmouth, at the
time of its capture by Sir Thomas Fairfax, in 1646 : he was afterwards
comptroller of the household to King Charles II. At his death, in 1667,
the title became extinct. Robert, fourth son of the Judge, settled at
Knoweston Beaupell, and his posterity remained there in 1630.

Arms : — Arg., a chevron, Sab., between three escallops, G.

Crest : — A stag, trippant, Arg., attired, Or.

Lawday, of Exeter, 1612. — Sir Richard Lawday, who was created a
baronet in 1642, lost his life in the King's service during the civil war.
Mr. William Lawday, some time of the city of Bath, and one of the
sheriff's officers for Somersetshire, claims to be the immediate male repre-
sentative of Sir Richard. The title, nevertheless, has lain dormant ever
since his death, and Le Neve says that he died without issue.

Arms : — Party per Saltier, G. and Sab., a griffin segreant, Or.

Crest : — A talbot's head issuing out of a mural crown.

Drake, of Ash, 1660. — John Drake, ancestor of this family, settled
at Ash, in the parish of Musbury, in consequence of a marriage with the
heiress of Billett. Gilbert, third son of John Drake, the fourth in descent,
was of Axmouth, and had three sons u ; George Drake, the elder, who

was

■ It is probable that one of these was ancestor of the Drakes of Bystock, near Exmouth, of

whom George Drake, Esq., of Ipplepen, is the present representative : his ancestor married

one

cxxvi DEVONSHIRE.

was of Spratshayes, in the parish of Littleham, left an only daughter,
married to Forde.

Sir Bernard Drake, grandson of the last-mentioned John, was an eminent
naval commander in the reign of Queen Elizabeth : he died of the gaol-
fever (caught at the assizes at Exeter) in 1585. Robert, an uncle of Sir
Bernard, was of Wiscomb, in the parish of South Leigh. * Richard, a
younger brother of Robert, was ancestor of the Drakes of Shardeloes, in
Buckinghamshire. Sir John Drake, Knt., grandson of Sir Bernard,
had a younger brother, William, ancestor of the Drakes of Yardbury. y
Sir John Drake, eldest son of Sir John above mentioned, by a co-heiress of
Lord Boteler of Bramfield, was created a baronet in 166'0. The title
became extinct on the death of Sir William Drake, the fifth baronet, in
1733.

Arms : — Arg., a wyvern witli wings displayed, Gules.

Crest : z — On a wreath a spread eagle, Gules.

Colleton, of Exmouth, or London, 1G0O. — John Colleton, created a
baronet in 1060, was, or had been, a merchant in Exeter, and was descended
from an ancient family, which took its name from the village of Collaton :
he was one of the lords proprietors of South Carolina. This family had
some time a residence at or near Exmouth. On the death of Sir John
Snell Colleton, in 1801, the title went to his cousin, Sir John Nassau
Colleton, grandson of Sir John Colleton, who died in 1778. The present
and seventh baronet is Lieut.-Colonel Sir James Roupell Colleton.

Arms : — Or, three stags' heads couped, Proper.

Crest : — A stag's head.

one of the co-heiresses of Sir Henry Ford, in the reign of Charles II. A younger branch of
the Drake family settled in and near Barnstaple, are descended from Henry Drake, Esq., mayor
of Barnstaple in 1679 : Henry Drake, Esq., of this branch, is now town-clerk of that borough.

* The Drakes of Wiscomb left posterity. The elder son of the family, and a younger
brother, who married the heiress of Crukerne of Dorsetshire, had both male issue in 1620.

y Yardbury was acquired by marriage with the heiress of Westofer. The representative of
this branch is Francis Horatio Nelson Drake, Esq., of Wells, son of the late Francis Drake,
Esq., who had resided, in the capacity of minister, at several foreign courts : his great grand-
father married a co-heiress of Pennington.

z The old crest of the family was an arm issuing from a wreath, Proper, holding a battle-axe,
Sable, helved, Arg.

MoiUCE,

DEVONSHIRE. cxxvii

Morice, of Wellington, April 20. 1661 William, elder son of Sir

William Morice, principal Secretary of State to King Charles II., who
was a native of the city of Exeter, and of Welch origin, was created a
baronet in 1661. The title became extinct on the death of Sir William,
the third baronet, in 17-19. His sisters and co-heiresses married Sir John
St. Aubyn, Bart., and Sir John Molesworth, Bart.

The Right Honourable Humphrey Morice, M. P. for Launceston, and
some time Lord Warden of the Stannaries, who died in 1785, without
issue, was descended from a younger brother of the first baronet.

Arms : — G., a lion rampant regardant, Or.

Crest : — On a wreath, a falcon standing on a perch, Or.

Fowell, of Fowells Combe, April 30. 1661. — This family is traced for
nine descents in the Heralds' Visitation of 1620. Thomas, the first men-
tioned in the pedigree, married the heiress of Trevaige of Cornwall ; his
son Richard, the heiress of Hayes. Sir Edmund Fowell was created a
baronet in 1661. The title became extinct by the death of his grandson,
Sir John Fowell, the third baronet, in 1692. The co-heiresses married
Parker and Champernowne.

A younger branch of the Fowells was settled at Blackball in North
Huish, of which the Rev. John Digby Fowell is the representative. The
heiress of Newton of Crabaton, and a co-heiress of Knowling, have
married into this branch.

Arms : — Arg., a chevron, S., on a chief, G., three mullets of the first.

Crest : — An heraldic tiger issuing out of a mural crown.

*s^

Yonge, of Colyton, September 26. 1661. — Walter Yonge, a younger
son of the Yonges of Berkshire, whose ancestor had represented Bristol in
parliament in the fourteenth century, settled in Devonshire in the reign
of Henry VII. John Yonge, grandson of Walter, married the heiress
of Colliton. Walter, grandson of John, married a co-heiress of Peiyam,
and was father of John Yonge, Esq., created a baronet in 1661. Sir
Walter Yonge, the third baronet, married to his second wife a co-heiress
of Williams ; Sir William Yonge, the fourth baronet, a co-heiress of Lord
Howard of Effingham ; Sir George Yonge, the last baronet, the heiress
of Cleve. It is remarkable that Sir William and Sir George Yonge, the
two last baronets, were both members of the Privy Council, and Knights

cxxviii DEVONSHIRE.

of the Bath, and both held the office of Secretary of War. Sir William
had also been successively one of the lords commissioners of the Treasury
and the Admiralty. Sir George was governor of the Cape of Good Hope :
the title became extinct at his death in 1812.

Arms : — Erm., on a bend between two cottises, S., three griffins' heads
erased, Or.

Crest : — On a wreath, A. and S., a boar's head erased, bristled, Or,
mantled, G., doubled, Argent.

Slanning, of Maristow, 1662. — The ancestor of this famdy having
married the heiress of Nicholas At-Ley, settled at Ley, in the parish of
Shaugh. They were afterwards of Bickleigh and Maristow. Sir Nicholas
Slanning, a distinguished officer in the royal army, who was killed at
the siege of Bristol, left a son of the same name, who was one of the
Knights of the Bath at the coronation of Charles II., and was created a
baronet in 1662. The title became extinct by the death of his son, Sir
Andrew, who was run through the body in a duel at the Golden Key in
Fleet Street, in 1695.

Arms : — Arg., two pales engrailed, G., over all on a bend, Az., three
griffins' heads erased, Or.

Crest : — A demi-lion salient, Az., collared, Or, thereon three tor-
teauxes.

Fortescue, of Fallopit, 1664. — The Fortescues of Fallopit, in East
Allington, were descended from Sir Henry Fortescue *, Chief Justice of
the Common Pleas in Ireland, by his second wife, the heiress of Fallopit.
The heiress of this branch married Lewis Fortescue, a younger son of the
Fortescues of Spridleston, in Brixton, who was one of the Barons of the
Exchequer in the reign of Henry VIII. Sir Edmund, the fifth in
descent from this Lewis, was a zealous royalist during the civil war ; he
was knighted by King Charles I., and in 1664 was created a baronet.
The title became extinct on the death of his son, Sir Sandys Fortescue in
1683. Edmund Wells, whose maternal grandfather, Thomas Bury,
married one of the cousins and co-heiresses of Sir Sandys Fortescue, took

1 Sir Henry Fortescue was the elder son of Sir John Fortescue, Captain of Meaux, who
distinguished himself in the wars of France in the reign of Henry V. ; which Sir John was a
younger son of William Fortescue, Esq., who lived in the reign of Richard II., and married
a co-heiress of Beauchamp of Ryme.

the

DEVONSHIRE. cxxix

the name of Fortescue in I768, and was father of Edmund Nathaniel
William Fortescue, Esq., the present possessor of Fallopit.

Fortescue of Wood, in Brixton, 1666. — The Fortescues of Wood
were descended from Sir Henry Fortescue, before mentioned, by his first
wife, a daughter of Bosum or Boson, of Boson's Hele, by the heiress of
Wood. The heiress of this branch married Lewis Fortescue of Preston,
representative of another younger branch of Fortescue of Wimpston.
Peter Fortescue, Esq., the immediate descendant of this Lewis, was
created a baronet Jan. 29. 1 666-7. The title became extinct at his
death without, male issue : one of his daughters married John Fortescue,
Esq., of Filleigh.

Arms of Fortescue of Fallopit, and Fortescue of Wood, the same as
those of Earl Fortescue, with clue difference.

Putt, of Combe, 1666. — Nicholas Putt, Esq., purchased Combe and
Gittisham in 1615. Thomas Putt, Esq., his grandson, was created a baronet
in 1666 : he married a co-heiress of Cholmondeley of Yorkshire, one of the
maids of honour to Queen Catherine. Sir Thomas Putt, the second
baronet, dying without issue in 1721, the title became extinct. The
sisters of Sir Thomas married Robert Dillon, Earl of Roscommon ;
Charles Gorsuch, Esq. ; and Sir John Doyley, Bart. The present male
representative of the family, and the possessor of Combe, is the Rev.
Thomas Putt, descended from a younger brother of the first baronet.

Arms : — Arg. in a mascle, S., a lion rampant of the first.

Harris, of Stowford, 1673. — Sir Arthur Harris of Hayne, in the
parish of Stowford, who was created a baronet in 1673, dying without
issue in 16S6, the title became extinct. The Hayne branch of the Harris
family was descended from John, a younger brother of the Harris's of
Radford, who married the heiress of Stone ; William, son of John,
married the heiress of Hayne, and was father of John Harris, sergeant-
at-law to King Henry VIII., who rebuilt the house at Hayne. Arthur
Harris, his grandson, married the heiress of Davailes or Davels, of
Totely, near Torrington ; his elder son was (by his second wife, a daugh-
ter of Lord Mohun,) father of Sir Arthur Harris, Bart. The late Chris-
topher Harris, Esq., of Hayne, descended from a younger son of Arthur
Vol. VI. r Harris,

cxxx DEVONSHIRE.

Harris, above mentioned, by the heiress of Davels, died in 1775, without
male issue, leaving two daughters, co-heiresses, one of whom married
Isaac Donnithorne, Esq. Mr. Donnithorne took the name of Harris in
1799, and resides at Hayne.

Arms of Harris of Hayne. — Sable, three crescents and a border, Arg.

Crest : — On a wreath the trunk of a tree fesse-wise, Vert ; thereon a
falcon with wings expanded, Erm., beaked, membered, and belled, Or.

Lear, of Lindridge, 1683. — Peter Lear, Esq., a West India merchant,
was created a baronet in 1683, with remainder to the sons of his brothers,
John and William. The title became extint by the death of Sir John
Leai-, the third baronet, in 1736. His heiress married Sir Thomas
Tipping, Bart., of Oxfordshire, and after his death Thomas Comyns,
Esq., grandfather of the Rev. John Comyns, now of Wood, in Bishops
Teignton.

Arms : — Arg. a fesse counter-embattled between three unicorns' heads
erased, Or.

Crest : — A demi-unicorn supporting a ragged staff! Or.

There has been a family of Lear for four descents in the parish of Hal-
berton, of which William Lear, a minor, is the representative. The
estate was purchased of the Risdons.

Elwill, of Exeter, 1709. — Sir John Elwill, Knt., whose mother was
heiress of Pole of Exeter, was created a baronet in 1709 ; his son, Sir
John, the second baronet, married the heiress of Style of Langley, in the
parish of Beckenham, Kent, and settled at that place. He died without
issue, and was succeeded by his brother, Sir Edmund. The title became
extinct on the death of Sir John Elwill, the fourth baronet, in 1778. The
sole heiress married Felton Harvey, Esq., and after his death, William
Freemantle, Esq.

Arms : — Erm. on a chevron engrailed between three eagles displayed,
G., as many annulets, Or.

Crest : — On a wreath an arm erect, habited, V., cuffed, Arg., and
holding a fleece, Or.

Laforey, of Whitley, 1789. — The late Admiral John Laforey, de-
scended from a family of that name in Poictou, was created a baronet

Nov.

DEVONSHIRE.

CXXX1

Nov. 3. 1789 : his son, Sir Francis Laforey, Vice-Admiral of the Blue,
and Knight Commander of the Bath, is the second and present baronet.

Arms: — Quarterly, 1 and 1, Arg., on a chevron, Az., 3 mullets,
Or, in chief two fleur-de-lis of the second, in base an anchor erect, S.,
2 and 3, Arg., a cross engrailed, S., in each quarter a torteaux.

Crest: — A lion rampant regardant, in his right paw a fire-brand, all
Proper.

Trowbridge, of Asher, 1799. — The gallant Sir Thomas Trowbridge,
described as of Asher, in Devonshire, then a captain in the royal navy,
afterwards Rear- Admiral of the White, was created a baronet Nov. 23.
1799. He was lost at sea, on his return from the East India station in the
Blenheim, in 1807. His son of the same name is the second and present
baronet.

The father of the first Sir Thomas Trowbridge resided in London.
When he was created a baronet, although it might be presumed from the
singularity of the name, that he was descended from the ancient family of
Trowbridge of Trowbridge, in Devonshire, the connection could not be
made out, and the following arms, nearly the same as those of the
Devonshire family, were granted by the Heralds' College.

Arms : — Or, on a bridge of three arches in fesse embattled, a tower,
Proper, thereon a broad pendant flying, Azure, charged with a cross
potent of the first, and two keys in saltier, their wards upwards.

Crest : — A dexter arm embowed, habited, Az., the cuff, Arg., hold-
ing a flagstaff', thereon a broad pendant as in the arms.

Baronets' Seats.

Bickford -

Buckland Monachorum

Blachfurd

Cornwood

Brendon -

Cadwell

St. Mary Church

Courtland

Withecomb Ralegh

Creedy

Sandford

Haccombe

Haldon-house

Kenne

Killerton

Broad Gist

Lupton

Brixham

Maristow

Tamerton Foliot

Membland

Holbeton

r 2

Sir William Elford.

Sir J. L. Rogers.

A hunting box of Sir Arthur Chichester's.

Sir John Louie.

Sir Walter Roberts.

Sir John Davie.

Sir Henry Carew.

Sir L. V. Palk.

Sir T. D. Acland.

f Sir F. Buller Yard (lately fitted up

\ for his son).
Sir M. M. Lopes.
Sir John Perring.

Netherton

cxxxn

DEVONSHIRE.

Netherton
Pynes

Poltimore

Shute
Tawstock
Tetcott
Tiverton Castle

Weare

Yoldford
Yolston

Farway
Upton Pyne

Topsham

Thorverton
Sherwill

Sir J. W. Prideaux.
Sir Stafford Northcote.

{Sir C. W. Barnpfylde (at present un-
occupied).

Sir W. T. Pole.

Sir Bourchier Wrey.

Sir A. O. Molesworth.

Inhabited by Dowager Lady Carew.
f Inhabited by Lady Duckworth, rao-
X ther of Sir J. T. Duckworth, Bart.

Sir Henry Carew (unoccupied).

Sir Arthur Chichester.

The principal dilapidated mansions of baronets are : Ash, some time a
seat of the Drakes ; Bickleigh, of the Carews ; Court-house, in North
Molton, of the Bampfyldes ; Hayne, of the Northcotes ; and Place, in
Ashton, of the Chudleighs. Wisdom, formerly a seat of the Rogers'
family, is a farm-house.

Gentry.
Acland, of Little Bray. — See Acland, baronet.

Adams, of Bowden, in Ashprington. Bowden is now inhabited by the
widow of William Adams, Esq., M. P. for Totnes, by whom it was pur-
chased. Mr. Adams died in 1811. His eldest son, Major-General George
Pownal Adams, resides at Ashprington-house.

Arms : — Or, semee of cross-crosslets fitche^, Sable ; a lion rampant,
G., a border engrailed of the second.

Crest : — An arm embowed in armour, Proper, garnished, Or, the elbow
charged with a torteaux, the gauntlet also Proper, grasping a cross-crosslet
fitchee, Sable.

Barbor, of Eremington. — This family came from Upcot, in Somerset-
shire. William Barbor, who settled at Barnstaple, as a physician, in the
seventeenth century, married the heiress of Pointz, of Northcote, in
Bittadon; his grandson, of the same name, married a co-heiress of Acland,
of Fremington. The present representative of this family is George
Acland Barbor, Esq.

Arms,

DEVONSHIRE. cxxxiii

Arms, as in Fremington church : — Arg., two chevrons between three
fleurs-de-lis, Gules.

Bartlett, of Hole, now of Weston, in Branscombe. — The Bartletts
became possessed of Hole, in this parish, by purchase, in the early part of
the sixteenth century. The present representative is Barnaby John
Stuckey Bartlett, Esq., who took the additional name of Stuckey, with the
arms of that family, pursuant to the will of his relation John Stuckey b,
Esq., of Weston, who died in 1810.

Arms : — Quarterly 1 and 4., Arg., 2 bars between 3 cinquefoils, S. ; for
Bartlett: 2 and 3 per bend dovetail, sinister, Or, and Az., a lion rampant
double queuee, Erm., a canton, gules for Stuckey.

Crest of Stuckey : — A demi-lion rampant issuant, double queuee,
Ermine.

Crest of Bartlett : — A demi-griffin, Sable, collard, gemelle, Arg., holding
a cinquefoil of the second.

Basset, formerly of Heanton Court, and of Umberleigh, now of Water-
mouth. — Sir Alan Basset, great grandson of Osmund Basset, who was
of Stoke Basset, in Oxfordshire, in the reign of Henry I., settled in Devon-
shire, in consequence of his marriage with Lucy Peverell, and was ancestor
of the late Francis Basset, Esq., of Heanton, the last heir male of the elder
branch, who died in 1802, and of Sir Francis Basset, Bart., of Tehidy, in
Cornwall, who was created Baron De Dunstanville, in 1796. Heiresses
of Balun, Walleis, Helligan, Beaumont, Acland c , and Hooper, and co-
heiresses of Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle ; Periam, Leigh, and Bluett, mar-
ried into this family. The sisters and co-heirs of Francis Basset, Esq., of
Heanton, before mentioned, married Cambell and Davie. Joseph Davie,
Esq., son of the latter, took the name of Basset, in addition to his own
family-name, pursuant to his uncle's will, in 1802; and resides at Water-
mouth, near Ilfracombe. The Davies, of Orleigh, ancestors of Mr. Davie
Basset, are not known to have been of the same family as those of Owla-
combe, Upcot, &c, though it is very probable that they were descended
from some of the numerous younger sons of those elder branches of the
family who resided in the neighbourhood of Torrington. They became

b Robert, the father of this John Stuckey, Esq., married the heiress of William Bartlett, Esq.
c There was no issue from this marriage.

possessed

cxxxiv DEVONSHIRE.

possessed of Orleigh about the year 1700, and had before been settled as
merchants at Bideford. Mr. Davie Basset bears the arms of Basset and
Davie quarterly, and the crests of both families.

Arms of Basset : — Barry wavy of six, Or, and G.

Arms of Davie, of Bideford and Orleigh : — Az. a ship with two masts,
Or, the sails trussed up and hoisted to the yards, A., adorned with flags,
charged with the cross of England ; on a chief of the second, three
cinquefoils, pierced, Gules.

Crest of Basset : — An unicorn's head, couped, Arg., mane, beard, and
horn, Or, on the neck two bars indented, G.

Crest of Davie : — On a wreath, A. and Az., a mount, Vert; on it a
lamb, passant, A. ; in the mouth a sprig of cinquefoil, G., slipped, Vert.

Bellew, of Court, in Stockley English. This family appears to have
come into Devonshire, in consequence of a marriage with one of the co-
heiresses of Fleming, of Bratton Fleming, in the reign of Edward IV.
The ancestors of John Bellew, Esq., of Stockley English, lately deceased,
have resided at that place about 200 years : his son, William Bellew, a
lieutenant in the navy, is now the representative of the family.

Arms : — Sable, fretty, Or.

Crest : — An arm embowed, habited, V., the hand, Proper, grasping a
bell, Or, round the wrist a ruff, Arg.

Bere, or Beare, of Court, in Morebath, formerly of Huntsham. — This
family was settled at Huntsham as early as the reign of Edward II. The
elder branch became extinct by the death of Thomas Bere, Esq., in 1744.
Richard, a younger son, settled at Court in the latter part of the seven-
teenth century : his grandson left a son, Davy Bere, Esq., who died un-
married, in 1774 ; and two daughters, co-heirs, married to Musgrave and
Baker. Montague Bere Baker, Esq., son of the latter, took the name of
Bere in 1776, and was father of Montague Baker Bere, Esq., the present
proprietor of Morebath. The present male representative is John Bere,
Esq., of Milverton, in Somersetshire, grandson of John, next brother of
Davy Bere, Esq., above mentioned. The heiresses of Clavell, Faber,
Ballard, and Chalvedon, and a co-heiress of Sayer, married into this family.

Arms : — Arg., three bears' heads couped, Sable, muzzled, Or.

Crest : — A bear's head muzzled, issuant.

Bluett,

DEVONSHIRE. cxxxv

Bluett, of Holcombe Ilogus. — John Bluett, descended from the
Bluetts, lords of Ragland, acquired Holcombe Ilogus in the fifteenth
century, by marriage with a co-heiress of Chiselden. His ancestors had
married heiresses or co-heiresses of Ragland, Greenham, and Beaupeny.
Richard Bluett, great grandson of John, had two sons, Sir Roger Bluett,
who died in 1566, and Francis, ancestor of the Bluetts of Cornwall. Arthur,
great grandson of Sir Roger, married the heiress of Lancaster. The elder
branch of the direct line became extinct in 1636, by the death of his son,
John Bluett, Esq., whose daughters and co-heirs married Jones, Wallop,
Lenthall, and Basset. John, the son of Francis, (a younger son of Arthur,)
who was killed at the siege of Lyme, in 1644, dying without issue in 1700,
the elder line was supposed to be extinct d, and he bequeathed his estates
to Robert Bluett, Esq., then the representative of the Bluetts of Colan,
in Cornwall, descended from the younger brother of Sir Roger. Buckland
Nutcombe Bluett, Esq., (son of Robert,) who died in 17S6, made a long
but fruitless search to ascertain the existence of any male descendants of
his family; on the presumption, however, that he might be descended from
one of the sons of Francis Bluett, half-brother of Colan Bluett, who lived
in the early part of the seventeenth century, he bequeathed his estate to
Peter Bluett, Esq., then of Falmouth, now of Holcombe Court.

Arms of Bluett : — A chevron Vaire between three spread eagles of the
second.

Crest : — A fox seiant, Or, in his paw an acorn, V., fructed, Or.

Bkagge, of Sadborough, in Thorncombe. — The ancestors of John
Bragge, Esq., now of Sadborough, have resided at that place ever since the
reign of Queen Elizabeth.

Arms : — Arg., a chevron, V., between three bulls passant, G.

Crest : — A lion's head erased, Arg., collared, Vaire, Or, and Az.

Buck, of Daddon, in Bideford. — An Irish family, settled in Devonshire
towards the latter end of the seventeenth century. The father of Hart-
well Buck, who was of Bideford, and died in 1691, married the heiress of
Hartwell of Ireland. George Buck, Esq., who died in 17-13, married

<i Roger Bluett, a grandson of Sir Roger, being the son of his younger son Nicholas, had five
sons living at the time of the visitation, in 1620 ; Roger the elder of them being then 14 years
of age : but no trace could be found of this branch of the family.

the

cxxxvi DEVONSHIRE.

the heiress of Stucley of Daddon and Afton Castle. The present repre-
sentative is Lewis William Buck, Esq.

Arms : — Per fesse embattled, Arg. and Sable.

Buller, of Downes. — The grandfather of James Buller, Esq., some
time M. P. for Exeter, became possessed of Downes, the present seat of the
family, by marrying the heiress of Gould. Mr. Buller is the represent-
ative of an ancient family, originally of Somersetshire, who had married
the heiress of Beauchamp of Lillersdon, and the heiress of Cheding-
ton. Their immediate ancestors settled in Cornwall, in consequence
of a marriage with a co-heiress of Trethurfe, one of the representatives of
Courtenay, Earl of Devon. The elder line became extinct by the death
of James Buller, Esq., of Shillingham, M.P. for Cornwall, in 1710. John
Buller, Esq., of Morvall, whose ancestor had married the heiress of
Coode, then became the head of the family. It has since spread into
numerous branches, of which Mr. Buller, of Downes, is the head.

Arms : — Sable, on a cross, Arg., pierced of the field, four eagles dis-
played.

Crest : — A Moor's head full faced, couped, Proper, wreathed about the
temples, Arg. and Az.

Bulteel, of Fleet, in Holbeton. — James Bulteel, Esq., the ancestor
of John Bulteel, Esq., now of Fleet, became possessed of that place in
1716, by bequest: he married a co-heiress of Crocker of Lyneham.

Arms : — Arg. a bend between 14 billets, Gules.

Crest : — Out of a ducal crown, G., a pair of wings, A., billetty of
the first.

Burdon, of Burdon, in Bradford. — John Dennis Burdon, Esq., now of
Burdon, is the representative of this ancient family, which has been
settled at Burdon from nearly the time of the Conquest. The co-heiresses
of a younger branch married Lanyon and Trehawke.

Arms : — Az. three candlesticks, and as many cross-crosslets fitchee, Or.

There was a family of the same name settled at King's Teignton from
the reign of Richard I. to that of Henry IV., when the heiress married
Thorp. This family, a branch probably of the Burdons of Burdon, bore
for their arms, Arg. three pilgrims' staves in pale, G.

Calmady,

DEVONSHIRE. cxxxvii

Calmady, of Langdon in Wembury. — Richard Calmady, M. P. for
Plympton in 1555, was father probably of Richard' and Vincent Calmady.
The latter, who was of the profession of the law, purchased several
estates in Devonshire in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and settled at
Brixton : his son Josias married the heiress of a younger branch of
Courtenay of Powderham, by whom he was father of Sir Shilston Cal-
mady ; their descendants some time afterwards settled at Langdon, now
the property and residence of Mrs. Calmady, daughter of Francis Vincent
Calmady, Esq., and sister and co-heiress of Francis John Calmady, Esq.
Having been first married to her cousin, Warwick Calmady, Esq., who
died without issue, she married to her second husband, Charles Holmes
Everitt, Esq., a captain in the navy f, who, in 1788, took the name and
arms of Calmady, and was father of Charles Biggs Calmady, Esq., now
of Holne Chace.

Arms of Calmady. — Az. a chevron between three pears slipped, Or.

Crest : — A pegasus rising, S., wings elevated, the hoofs, main, and
tail, Arg., gorged with a collar invected, Or.

Bury, of Doniton in Swimbridge. — Bury in Lapford was the original
residence of the ancient family of Bury, the elder branch of which re-
mained there in 1630, but it is probable that they possessed also Coleton
in Chulmleigh, which came by the heiressof Cole in the reign of Richard II.
and is described as their seat in the Heralds' visitation of 1620. Doni-
ton subsequently belonged to them. The heiress of Giffard, of Yeo,
married into this family. Thomas Bury, Esq., the last heir-male, died in
1804 ; he married a co-heiress of Molineux, but left no issue. His
widow bequeathed the estates of Bury and Coleton to Richard Incledon,
Esq., now Vice- Admiral of the White, who has taken the name of Bury,
and resides at Doniton, but is not the representative of the family.

Arms : — Erm. on a bend, Az., three fleur-de-lis, Or.

Sir Thomas Bury of Exeter is supposed to have been of this family ;
his elder son left a daughter, married to Wells, the ancestor of Edmund
Wells Fortescue, Esq. A younger son of Sir Thomas Bury settled in
London and left male issue.

e Richard purchased Muxbear of Sir William Kelloway, and left it to his nephew Josias.
Sir William Pole 198.

' At the time of his death, in 1807, he was Admiral of the Blue.

Vol. VI. s Cary,

cxxxviii DEVONSHIRE.

Cary, of Tor Abbey. — The origin of this ancient family seems enve-
loped in much obscurity : it has been supposed by some, but I think without
any good reason, that they came from Castle Cary in Somersetshire ;
others suppose, with more probability, that they derive their name from
Cary5, in the parish of St. Giles in the Heath. It is stated in Collins's
peerage that the widow of William Cary, who died 31 Edw. I., held
Panston and Cary under the honour of Tavistock. It is most probable "
that Cary, which adjoins to Panston, and is still held with it, was the
original place of their residence. In the succeeding century they had
acquired such consequence in the county, that Sir John Cary, and Sir
William, his brother, were elected knights of the shire in 1363, and again
in 1368 : Sir William, who married the heiress of Bozom or Boson of
Clovelly', .is said to have died without issue." Sir John Cary has been
supposed by Collins, Prince, and others, to have been the same person
who was afterwards one of the Barons of the Exchequer ; but it appears
evident from records that John Cary, the Chief Baron of the Exchequer,
was not knighted till 1387, and it is most probable that he was son of
Sir John, the knight of the shire. The Chief Baron was implicated with Sir
Robert Tresilian and other of the judges in having given an opinion hostile
to the views of the Duke of Gloucester and his party, and was in consequence,
by the preponderance of their interest in parliament, sentenced to death :
his estates were forfeited, but his sentence was changed to banishment, and
he was sent to Waterford, in Ireland, with an allowance of 20/. per
annum. He died in HOI, and his estates were restored to his son.

The Chief Baron had two sons, by one of the co-heiresses of Sir Guy
de Brien ', Sir Robert, and John Cary, Bishop of Exeter. Philip,
son of Sir Robert, married a co-heiress of Orchard of Somersetshire.
Sir William Cary, of Cockington, (son of Philip) was one of the knights
beheaded by order of King Edward IV. after the battle of Tewksbury.

s The name is said to have been originally spelt with a K., so was the manor of Cary, as
appears by the record of Domesday.

h Edit. 1741, on the authority of Sir William Pole's Collection : it is not to be found,
however, in the printed work.

' Pedigree at Tor Abbey. k Collins.

1 The pedigree at the Heralds' College states her to have been daughter of Sir Guy de
Brien, and heiress to her mother, who was heiress of Holway, of Holway. The pedigree at
Tor Abbey introduces here another descent, and makes John Cary, son of Sir John, to marry
the heiress of Holway.

The

DEVONSHIRE. cxxxix

The immediate representative of Sir William Cary, (descended from the
elder son of his first wife,) was of Launceston, in Cornwall, in 1620.
This branch became extinct after a few descents. Thomas, second son
of the first wife, was father of Sir George Cary, Lord Deputy of Ireland,
who died in 1615, without surviving issue. On his death, Sir Edward
Cary, of Stantor, in the parish of Marldon, became the representative of
the family. Sir George Cary, son of Sir Edward, purchased Tor Abbey,
and was the immediate ancestor of George Cary, Esq., the present pro-
prietor of that place.

The Clovelly branch of the Cary family, which became extinct by the
death of Robert Cary, Esq., in 1724, was descended from Robert (son
of Sir William) Cary, by his third wife, the heiress of Foulkery, or Fouk-
eray, of Dartmouth. Sir William Cary had by his second wife, (Alice
Fulford,) a son, Thomas, who by a co-heiress of Sir Robert Spencer, of
Spencer's Combe in Devon, (who had married a co-heiress of Beaufort,
Duke of Somerset,) had two sons, Sir John and William. Sir John was
ancestor of the Carys, Lords Falkland ; William, who married the only
sister of Queen Anne Boleyn, was ancestor of the Barons Hunsdon and
the Earls of Monmouth, of that name ; the latter of which titles became
extinct in 1661, and the former in 1765.

Arms : — Argent, on a bend, Sable, three roses of the field.

Crest : — A swan, Argent, wings endorsed.

Champernowne, of Dartington. — The name of this ancient family was
originally De Campo Arnulphi, and it appears from Leland, that in the
reign of Henry VIII., they were called Campernulph. The name in re-
cords of the best authority, is sometimes spelt Champernon, and sometimes
Champernowne. We first find them as early as the reign of Henry II., at
Clist St. George, called occasionally in records Clist Champernon. The
heiress of the elder branch, which was of Clist and of Ilfracombe, after
about six descents, married Polglass. Sir Richard, a younger son of Sir
Henry Champernowne, of Clist, married the heiress of Sir Alexander de
Okeston, by his wife Joan, relict of Richard de Valletort ; which Joan, is
supposed to have been a concubine of Richard, King of the Romans.
His son Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, calls the daughter of De Okeston, in
a deed, sister. Sir Richard Champernowne, the son, had a grant of Mod-
bury, where he settled : Sir Richard, son of the last mentioned Sir Richard,

s 2 married

cxl DEVONSHIRE.

married a co-heiress of Valletort, of North Tawton ; his son, Sir Thomas,
the heiress of Rohant. Sir Richard, son of Sir Thomas, had by his first
wife, Alexander Champernowne, who married the heiress of Ferrers, and
settled at Beer Ferrers. The heiress of his son, who was then represent-
ative of the family, married Lord Willoughby de Broke. By his second
wife, Sir Richard had two sons, Richard Champernowne, of Modbury, and
John Champernowne, ancestor of the Champernownes of Inswerke, in
Cornwall, the co-heiresses of which branch, married Trevelyan, Fortescue
of Wood, and Monk. Hugh Champernowne, of Modbury, son of Richard,
married the heiress of Boys ; his son William, the heiress of Chiderlegh.
Sir Philip, grandson of William, had two sons, John, and Sir Arthur, an-
cestor of the Champernownes of Dartington. Henry, son of John, had two
sons ; Sir Richard, who died without issue, and Sir Arthur, who was
knighted by the Earl of Essex in Ireland, in 1599 '• he married the heiress
of Crukerne ; Philip, one of his descendants, married a co-heiress of Hil-
lersdon, of Membland, who died without issue ; and afterwards a daughter
of Wise, heiress to her maternal grandfather, (Full). Arthur Champer-
nowne, Esq., the representative of the Modbury branch, and the possessor
of Modbury Castle, died in 1697, or 1698, without issue.1" Rawlin Cham-
pernowne, Esq., the last heir male of the Dartington, and only remaining
branch of this ancient family, died without issue, in 1774. The heiress of
Arthur Champernowne, Esq., who died in 1766, married a younger son of
Sir John Harrington, Bart., whose only son, Arthur, took the name and arms
of Champernowne, in 1774, and died in 1820: his elder son, Arthur, a
minor, is the present representative of the family.

Arms : — Gules, a saltier Vaire between, 12 billets, Or.

Crest : — A swan sitting, Proper, in the beak, a horse-shoe, Or.

The manors of Umberleigh and North Tawton, came into the possession
of younger sons of the Champernowne family, by the marriage of heiresses,
at an early period. Jordan Champernowne, married the heiress of Soleny,
of Umberleigh, and left a daughter and heiress married to Sir Ralph Wil-
lington, of Gloucestershire, in the reign of Edward III. Oliver Cham-
pernowne married a co -heiress of Valletort " , of North Tawton, and his

m The last entry in the Modbury register of the burial of a Champernowne, is that of Mr.
Henry Champernowne, in 1730; he might have been of a younger, or an illegitimate branch.

" One of the younger sisters married Sir Richard Champernowne, of Modbury, as before
mentioned.

daughter,

DEVONSHIRE. cxli

daughter, according to Risdon, or, according to Prince, his grand-daughter,
brought North Tawton, to the Atwoods.

Cholwich, of Farringdon. — This family was originally of Cholwich, in
Holbeton, afterwards of Oldstone, in Blackawton, by marriage with the
heiress of Rich. The co-heiresses of Thomas Cholwich, Esq., of Oldstone,
married Lear, Fowell, and Cholwich, of a younger branch. The father of
John Burridge Cholwich, Esq., of Farringdon House, the present represent-
ative of the family, married the heiress of Burridge.

Arms : — Per pale, Or, and A., three chevrons, Sab. ; over all, a file of
as many lambeaux, G.

Crest : — A lion's paw supporting a shield, per pale Or, and Arg., man-
tled G., doubled Arg.

Clark, of Bridwell, in Halberton. — This family appears to have been
settled above two hundred years at Bridwell, late the seat of Richard Hall
Clark, Esq., who died in 1821, leaving a son, John Were Clarke, Esq.,
then of Burrington, near Plymouth. The heiress of Were, or Weare, has
married into this family.

Arms, as on a monument in Halberton Church : — Arg., on a bend G.,
between three pellets, as many swans, Proper.

Coffin, of Portledge. — The Coffins possessed the manor of Alwington,
in which parish Portledge is situated, as early as the reign of William the
Conqueror : different branches of the family were of Combe-Coffin, and
Coffin's Well. The heiress of Hathey, and a co-heiress of Hingeston,
married into this family. A younger branch, which eventually became the
head of the house, was of Goldworthy. Upon the death of Richard
Coffin, Esq., the last heir-male, in I76G, Richard Bennet, Esq., his sister's
son, took the name of Coffin, and died without issue, in 1796. The re-
presentation of this ancient family then became vested in the Rev. John
Pine, his great-grandmother having been the elder daughter of Richard
Coffin, Esq., who died in 1G99 ; her younger sister married Yeo. Mr.
Pine, took the name of Coffin, in addition to that of his own family, by
sign-manual, in 1797- He is now resident at Bath : his eldest son, Richard
Pine Coffin, Esq., resides at the old family-seat at Portledge.

Arms : — Az., semee of cross crosslets, O/, and three bezants.

Crest : — A martlet charged with three bezants.

Coham,

cxlii DEVONSHIRE.

Coham, of Coham and Upcot. — The co-heiresses of Holland of Upcot,
married Coham, of Coham ; and Coham of Bovacot, in the reign of
Charles II. The Rev. William Holland Coham, of Coham, the represent-
ative of these families, married a co-heiress of Bickford, of Dunsford. Mr.
Coham bears the arms of Holland.

Collins, of Ham, near Plymouth. — George Collins, Esq., the present
owner of this place, is of an ancient Kentish family: he married the heiress
of Trelawney, of Ham.

Arms : — Vert., a griffin segreant, Or.

Crest : — A camel's head.

Comyns, of Wood in Bishop's Teignton. — The grandfather of the Rev.
John Comyns, now of Wood, married the heiress of Sir John Lear, Bart.,
being then the widow of Sir Thomas Tipping, Bart.

Arms : — G., three wheat-sheaves, Proper, eared, Or.

Cutcliffe, of Damage in Ilfracombe, now of Wibbery in Alverdiscott. —
The heiresses of Grenowne ° , Chichester p , and Newell, and a co-heiress of
Mervin, have married into this ancient family ; of which John Mervin
Cutcliffe, Esq., is the representative.

Arms : — G., 3 pruning-hooks q , Arg.

Deane or Dene, of Newton Petrock, and of Horwood. — The heiresses
of Leigh of Ashwater, and of Putts of Horwood, married into this family, of
which the Rev. John Dene of Horwood, is now the representative. The
Deanes appear to have settled at Newton Petrock, in the sixteenth century.

Arms: — Arg., a lion rampant, Purpure.

Crest : — A lion's head erased, Argent.

Doidge, of Comb, in Milton Abbot, — The ancestors of this family are
said to have been tenants to the Abbot of Tavistock, as early as the thir-
teenth century. Morris Doidge, Esq., is the present representative.

Arms: — A woman's breast distilling drops of milk.

0 Grenowne married the heiress of Stodden, and Stodden the heiress of Franklin,
p There was no issue of this marriage.

i I. xxv. in the Herald's College, f. 141. On the monument at Ilfracombe, they are hedge
bills.

Drewe,

DEVONSHIRE. cxliii

Drevve, of Grange, in Broad-hcmbliry. — Prince supposes, that the
Drewes, of Grange, were descended from a younger son of a family of that
name, which was of Drewe's Cliff', and of Hayne in the parish of Newton
St. Cyres. The heiresses of Worsford, and of Farr, married into this
family ; and its heiress married, first Northcote, and afterwards, Giles of
of Bowden. There was also a family of Drewe, of Modbury. William
Drewe, the immediate ancestor of Edward Drewe, Esq., Serjeant-at-law,
who died in 1622, married an heiress or co-heiress of Prideanx, of Sharp-
ham, and one of his ancestors the heiress of Huckmore. Sergeant Drewe,
settled at Killerton, now the seat of Sir T. D. Acland, Bart., and built the
old house there. His son, Sir Thomas, built the Grange, which has ever
since been the seat of the family. William Drewe, Esq., is the present
representative : his father married the heiress of Rose, of Dorsetshire.
There was a younger branch of the Drewes of Sharpham, settled at Kenne,
one of whom married a co-heiress of Cruwys. This branch is extinct.

Arms : — Ermine, a lion passant, gules.

Crest : — On a mount, Vert, a buck salient, Or.

The Kenne branch bore an antelope's head ; in the mouth, a bunch of
wheat-ears. Sergeant Drewe, bore a bull's head, S., armed Or, holding
three barley reeds of the second.

Edgcumbe. — See Earl Mount Edgcumbe.

Fellowes, of Eggesford. — The family of Fellowes purchased this
place in 1718. The Honourable Newton Fellowes, now of Eggesford,
is younger son of the last Earl of Portsmouth, by the heiress of Coulson
Fellowes r, Esq. He took the name and arms of Fellowes in 179-i.

Arms of Fellowes : — Az. a fesse indented, Erm., between three lions'
heads erased, Or. mural ly crowned, Arg.

Crest : — A lion's head erased, Or, crowned as in the arms, and gorged
with a collar indented, Ermine.

Fortescue, of Buckland Filleigh. — William Fortescue, second son of
Martin Fortescue, by the heiress of Denzell, or Densell s, and grandson

r This is a Huntingdonshire family : the present representative, William Henry Fellowes,
Esq., is now member for that county.

■ She afterwards married Sir R. Pomeroy.

cxliv DEVONSHIRE.

of Sir John Fortescue, the Lord Chancellor, married the heiress of Atkins,
of Milton Abbot, and was of Buckland Filleigh, which had been settled
upon him by his mother, as the inheritance of her ancestors, the Filleighs.
William, the eighth in descent of this branch, was Master of the Rolls :
he married one of the co-heiresses of Fortescue of Fallopit, and left an
only daughter, married to John Spoon er, Esq., by whom she had no
surviving issue. John Fortescue, a first cousin of the Master of the
Rolls, whose father, George, had married the heiress of Fortescue of
Spridleston, became the representative of this branch, and possessed
Buckland Filleigh : he died without issue. His sister Rebecca married
Caleb Inglett, Esq.1, whose son Richard took the name of Fortescue in
1777j and was father of John Inglett Fortescue, Esq. u, the present repre-
sentative of this, and of the Spridleston branch.

Sir Faithful Fortescue, elder son of John Fortescue, of Buckland
Filleigh, by his second wife, Susanna Chichester, settled in Ireland in the
reign of .James I., and was ancestor of the Earl of Clermont.

Younger branches of the Fortescues of Buckland Filleigh settled at
Shebbear, Hatherleigh, Milton Abbot, Northam, Parkham, and High
Bickington. There are male descendants from some of these branches.
John Fortescue, Esq., is representative of the Shebbear branch.

Arms : — The same as those of Earl Fortescue, with due difference.
The arms of Inglett were, S., a bend, Arg., between 6 escallops, Or.

Fortescue, of Fallopit. — See Fortescue of Fallopit among the extinct
baronets.

Fowell, of Blackball. — See Fowell amongst the extinct baronets.

Fownes, of Nethway in Brixham, purchased in 1696. — Henry Fownes,
Esq., in 1750, married the heiress of Luttrell of Dunston. The family,
of which John Fownes Luttrell, Esq., is the representative, still possess
Nethway, but do not at present reside there.

Arms — Az. 2 eagles displayed in chief, and a mullet in base, Arg.

Fulford, of Fulford, in the parish of Dunsford. — This ancient family

' The father of Caleb Inglett married the heiress of Cruvvys of Ashburton.

" By his first wife Mr. Fortescue has one son, John Dicker Fortescue, Esq.; his second
wife, lately deceased, was one of the co-heiresses of Marwood, and relict of Henry Stevens,
Esq., of Cross.

DEVONSHIRE. cxlv

is traced with certainty to the reign of Richard I., and it is probable that
they have resided at Fulfbrd, at least from the time of the Conquest. x
It is now the seat of their representative, Baldwin Fulford, Esq. The
heiresses, or co-heiresses, of Fitz Urse, Belston, Moreton, Brien, Bosum,
Bonville, Samways, and Tuckfield, have married into this family.

Arms — Gules, a chevron, Argent.

Crest : — A bear's head erased, Arg., muzzled, Sable.

Fursdon, of Fursdon in Cadbury. — This ancient family, of which
George Sydenham Fursdon, Esq., is now the representative, is traced by
Sir William Pole up to the reign of Henry III. The heiresses of Hayes,
Cullen, and Elsworth ; and the co-heiresses of Dunsmore and Cheyney y,
have married into this family.

Arms : — Arg. a chevron, Az., between three fire-balls, Proper.

Crest : — Five feathers issuing out of a ducal coronet. 2

Furse, of Furse, in the parish of Spreyton, afterwards of Halsdon in
Dolton. — The ancestors of this ancient family are known to have been
of Furse in the reign of Richard I. : in consequence of a marriage with
a co-heiress of Bellew, they removed to Halsdon, now the property and
occasional residence of the Rev. Peter Wellington Furse, whose father
married one of the co-heiresses of Wellington, of Way, in the parish of
St. Giles.

Arms : — Gules, a chevron embattled, counter-embattled, between six
halberds, in pairs, saltier-wise, Or.

Gilbert, of Greenway and Compton, now of Holwell. — The ancestor
of this ancient family, who was of Greenway in the reign of Edward II.,
had a son who married a co-heiress of Compton : the heiress of Reyn-
ward, and co-heiresses of Champernowne, Ager, and Pomeroy, have
married also into this family. The representative of the elder branch is
the Rev. Pomeroy Gilbert, of Bodmin, in Cornwall. Sir Humphrey Gilbert,
the celebrated navigator, was of this family. Younger branches of it
were settled at Holwell in South Milton, and at Comb Royal. A co-heir-
ess of Osborne married into the Holwell branch, of which the Rev.
Henry Abraham Gilbert, now of Holwell, is the representative. The

* See more particulars of this family, p. 171, 172.

y The only issue of this marriage, was a daughter, married to Lyons.

1 Borne by Mr. Fursdon, as representative of the Elsworths.

Vol. VI. t heiress

cxlviii DEVONSHIRE.

scended from a youuger son of the ancient family of Hereward, one of
whom married an heiress of Cornu. The late Charles Harward, Dean of
Chichester, married a co-heiress of Dr. Ball, Dean of Chichester, by a
co-heiress of Mills, who married the sister and heiress of the last of the
Sussex branch of Monk. The Rev. Charles Blake, who married his
daughter and heir, took the name of Harward in 1816.

Arms : — Gules, on a cross crosslet, A., between four guttes d'eau five
annulets, Azure.

Crest : — A leopard statant, Erm., collared, Or, surmounting a cross
crosslet fitchee, Sab., from the collar a chain, Or, reflexed and attached
to the cross.

Hawkins, now of Norton, in the parish of Churchstow. — Sir John
Hawkins, grandson of "William Hawkins, Esq., of Tavistock, and his son,
Sir Richard Hawkins, were both celebrated navigators and naval com-
manders in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The immediate descendant and
representative of these gallant officers, is John Hawkins, Esq., of Norton.
His brother, Abraham Hawkins, Esq., is of Alston in Marlborough.

Arms, granted in 1565 to Sir John Hawkins : — Sab. on a base wavy,
Arg. and Az., a lion passant, Or, in chief three bezants : on a canton,
Or, an escallop between two palmers' staves of the field.

Crest : — A demi-moor, Proper, bound and captive with annulets on his
arms and ears, Or, mantled, G., doubled, Argent.

Hays, of Dallamore. — Benjamin Hays, Esq., father of Treby Hele
Hays, Esq., now of this place, married one of the co-heiresses of the
Honourable George Treby, who had married a co-heiress of Hele.

Arms borne by Hays : — Gules, a fesse, Or, between three bezants ;
quartering Treby, and Hele borne quarterly.

Crest : — A swan's head issuing from a wreath.

Hele. — See Hele, Baronet.

Hoare, of Luscombe in Dawlish. — There was an ancient family of
the name of Hore, in later times occasionally spelt Hoare, settled at
Risford, or Rushford, in the parish of Chagford, in the reign of Richard II.,
having married the heiress of Risford, of that place. This family became
extinct in its principal branch by the death of Charles Hoare, Esq., in
1726. Charles Hoare, Esq., now of Luscombe, (half brother of Sir

Richard

DEVONSHIRE. cxlix

Richard Colt Hoare, Bart., J is supposed to have been descended from one
of this family, who had removed into Buckinghamshire. On this suppo-
sition he bears the arms of Hoare of Rushford, with a trifling difference,
as confirmed by the Heralds' College.

Arms: — Sab., an eagle displayed with two heads, Arg., charged on
the breast with an Ermine spot ; a border engrailed of the second.

Crest : — An eagle's head erased, Argent, charged with an ermine spot.

Holdsworth, of Widecombe. — This family came from Halifax in
Yorkshire, about the year 1620. The son of the Rev. Mr. Holdsworth,
who was then of Modbury, settled at Dartmouth, and was ancestor of
Arthur Holdsworth, Esq., late M.P. for that town.

Arms : — Arg. a trunk of a tree erased and raguly in bend sinister,
Proper.

Huyshe, of Sand near Sidmouth. — Rowland Huyshe, Esq., of Doniford
in Somersetshire, (descended probably from a younger branch of the
ancient family of Hiwis, or Huish, of Huish in this county,) purchased
Sand about the year 1560. His immediate descendant, and the present
owner of Sand, (now a farm-house) is the Rev. Francis Huyshe, rector of
Clist Hydon. One of the co-heiresses of Reynell, by an heiress of Peryam,
married into this family.

Arms : — Arg. on a bend, S., three fish (luces) naiant of the first.

Crest : — An elephant's head, issuing, Argent, crowned, Or.

Ilbert, formerly of Rill, in Buckfastleigh, now of Bowringsleigh. —
William Ilbert, Esq., purchased Rill in the reign of William III. The
heiress of Roope married into this family, the representative of which is
the Rev. Roope Ilbert, now of Bowlings Leigh, in South Allington.

Arms : — Or, two chevrons engrailed, Vert., between three roses, G.

Crest: — A cock -pheasant, Arg., combed and wattled, G.

Incledon, now of Yeotown in Goodleigh. — The Incledons were of Incle-
don in Braunton, where they are traced by records as early as the reign of
Edward III. Family pedigrees carry them up to the reign of King John.
The heiress of the elder branch married the late P. R. Webber, Esq.
The representative of a younger branch, and the heir male of the family,
is Robert Newton Incledon, Esq., now of Yeotown. The heiresses of

Wolf and Newton married into this family.

Arms :

cl DEVONSHIRE.

Arms : — G. three tons, Argent, hooped, Or, flames of fire issuing
from the bung-holes.

Kekewich, of Peamore. — Samuel Kekewich, Esq., who purchased
Peamore about 20 years ago, is of a Lancashire family, settled in Cornwall
about the middle of the sixteenth century, in consequence of a marriage
with the heiress of Talcarne. The heiresses of Bradfield and Essex
married also into this family, and Mr. Kekewich is representative also of
the Trehawkes of Liskeard.

Arms : — Argent, two lions passant in bend, S., between two cottises,
Gules.

Kelly, of Kelly. — This ancient family, into which one of the co-
heiresses of Talbot married, has resided at Kelly ever since the reign of
Henry II. Arthur Kelly Esq., is the present representative.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron between three billets, Gules.

Crest : — An ostrich's head, Argent, issuing out of a ducal coronet, G.,
in the mouth a horse-shoe.

Lee, of Ebford, in Woodbury. — Now Thomas Huckell Lee, Esq.
Ebford was in possession of the Lees before 1759.

Arms : — G. two bars, Or, over all a bend engrailed, Vaire ; in chief
an eagle displayed of the second.

Crest : — A bear seiant, Proper, muzzled and chained, Or.

Ley, now of Lee House, in Marwood. — The ancestors of George
Ley, Esq., of this place, were of Combe Martin for nearly two centuries.
Lee House was acquired by a marriage with the heiress of Thome ; the
heiress of Downe also married into this family.

Arms : — The same as Ley Earl of Marlborough.

Henry Ley, Esq., of Trehill, is the representative of a family who have
been settled for several descents in the parish of Kenne.

Luscombe, of Luscombe, afterwards of Comb Royal, in West Ailing-
ton. — The Luscombes were of Luscombe, in the parish of Rattery, in the
reign of Henry IV. The sister and heir of John Luscombe, Esq., who died
in 1776, married Creed, whose heiress married Manning. In 1813 John
Luscombe Manning, the son, took the name of Luscombe. Mr. Luscombe,

who

DEVONSHIRE. cli

who died in 1776, had a cousin of the same name, who was of Woolcombe
in Woodleigh, and had several sons.

There is no record of any arms belonging to this family.

Luxmoore, of South Week, in German's Week. — The representative
of this family, into which a co-heiress of Coryndon had married, is the
Rev. C. T. Coryndon Luxmoore, to whom South Week now belongs.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron between three moorhens.

Malet, of Ash in Iddesleigh. — Sir Baldwin Malet, of Enemer in the
reign of Henry III., married one of the co-heiresses of Deaudon, of
Deaudon, in the parish of Withecombe in the Moor, which estate was
sold by Sir John Malet, K. B. A younger branch of this family was of
Wolley, in the parish of Beaford. The heiress of this branch married
Acland. A younger brother of Malet of Wolley married the heiress of
Vyel of Ash, probably about the year 1500. This branch is represented
by Hugh Malet, Esq., now of Ash. The heiresses of Holcombe and
Veale married also into this family. A younger son of Sir John Malet,
K. B., married the heiress of Monford, and settled in Devon, where his
posterity continued for four descents. The heiress married Fulford.

Arms of Malet : — Azure, three escallops, Or. A hind's head, a tiger's
head, and an antelope's head, have been borne as crests by different
branches of this family.

Mallock, of Cockington. — This place was purchased in 1654 by
Roger Mallock, Esq., ancestor of the Rev. Roger Mallock, now of Cock-
ington. The family had been before settled at Rouse-Downe.

Arms : — Per chevron engrailed, Or, and S., in chief two pellets, each
charged with a fleur-de-lis of the first, in base a bezant, charged with a
fleur-de-lis of the second.

Crest : — A cubit arm erect, vested, Or, thereon two bends wavy, S.,
in the hand, Proper, a mallet of the first.

Northmore, of Cleve, near Exeter. — The ancestors of Thomas
Northmore, Esq., now of Cleve, being of an ancient Somersetshire family,
settled in Devonshire in the early part of the seventeenth century. They
were of South Tawton and of Wonford in Throwley, before the purchase

clii DEVONSHIRE.

of Cleve, in the reign of Charles II. The heiresses of Risdon, and
Sydenham, and a co-heiress of Knapman, married into this family.

Arms : — G. a lion rampant, Or.

Crest : — A lion's head erased, charged with a cinquefoil and crowned
with a radiant crown, Argent.

Osmond, of Stagmill in Uplowman, Heine in Halberton, and Pool-An-
thony, in Tiverton. — Four descents of this family are described in the
visitation of 1620. The present representative is the Rev. Charles Osmond
Osmond, of Tiverton. Two co-heiresses of an elder son of this family, in
the reign of Queen Elizabeth, married Foxwell.

Arms : . — Sable, a fesse dancettee, Ermine ; in chief an eagle displayed,
Argent.

Pengelly, of Sortridge in Whitchurch. — This family, of which the
Rev. Henry Pengelly is the representative, have been settled here more
than a hundred years.

Arms : — Gules, a lion rampant, within an orle of trefoils, Argent.

Pyne or Pine, of East Downe. — Oliver Pyne, of Ham, in Cornwall,
married the heiress of Downe, of East Downe, in the reign of Edward III.
The representative of this ancient family is the Rev. John Pine Coffin, of
Bath. The Rev. Charles Pine Coffin, one of his younger sons, resides at East
Downe. Besides the heiress of Downe, the heiresses or co-heiresses of
Ilcombe, Salle, Brit, Appleton, and Penfowne, have married into this
family.

Arms : — Gules, a chevron, Ermine, between 3 pine-cones, Or.

Pitman, of Dunchidiock. — This family, of which James Pitman, Esq.,
is the representative, have been settled at Dunchidiock for several gener-
ations.

Mr. Pitman bears the following arms : — Quarterly, A. and Or, an eagle
displayed, with two heads, G.

Crest : — A martlet upon a shell.

Pode, of Slade. — John Spurrell Pode, Esq., possessed this place by in-
heritance from the Spurrells.

Arms of Pode: — Az. on a chevron, Or, between two eagles displayed

DEVONSHIRE. cliii

in chief, Argent, and a lion's head erased of the second ; in base, three
etoiles, Gules.

Crest: — From clouds Proper, a demi-eagle issuant, Az., collared, Or,
wings elevated, Argent, on the breast and on each wing an etoile counter-
changed.

Quicke, of Newton St. Cyres. — This family, which has been for about
two centuries at Newton St. Cyres, came out of Somersetshire. The
heiresses of Sharland and Nutcombe have married into it. The present
representative is John Quicke, Esq.

Arms : — S., a chevron Vaire, Or, and S., between three griffins' heads,
erased, of the second.

Crest : — A demi-antelope, A., armed, attired, tufted, and maned, G.,
collared, S., lined, Or.

Radcliffe, of Hockworthy, now of Warleigh. — This family, which
came out of Lancashire, was of Kingset in Devon, in 1560, and of Hock-
worthy, in 1693. Warleigh, the seat of the Rev. Walter Radcliffe, the
present representative, was purchased by Jasper Radcliffe, Esq., who was
sheriff in 1689.

Arms : — Argent, a bend engrailed, S., a canton of the first, charged
with a horse's head couped, of the second.

Crest : — Within a mural crown, Argent, a bull's head, S., armed and
crined, Or.

Saltren, of Petticombe. — A younger branch of the Saltrens, of Trelu-
dick, in Cornwall, settled at Petticombe before the middle of the seven-
teenth century. The present representative is Augustus Saltren Willett ",
Esq. ; Petticombe is in the possession of Miss Saltren, the representative
of a younger branch.

Arms : — Az., a lion rampant within an orle of mullets, Argent.

Sampson, of Colyton. — This family, of which Samuel Sampson, Esq.,
now of Colyton, is the representative, have been settled here more than two
centuries. They are supposed to have come from Somersetshire : Mr. Samp-
son has estates in that county, which have been long in the family. The
grandfather of Mr. Sampson married the heiress of Braddich.

Arms : — Argent, a cross moline, Azure.

tt See p. clix.
Vol. VI. u Savery,

cliv DEVONSHIRE.

Savery, of South Efford, in the parish of Aveton Gifford This family

was originally settled at Halberton and Totnes, afterwards, at Shilston in
Modbury, still their property. Co-heiresses of Servington, of Gilbert alias
Webber, and Dyer, have married into this family, of which John Savery,
Esq., of Bristol, is the present representative ; but the family estate is now
the property and residence of his younger brother, Christopher Savery, Esq.

Arms : — G., a fesse Vaire, between three unicorns' heads, couped, Or.

Crest : — An eagle's head erased, Argent, between two wings expanded,
Sable, in the beak an olive sprig, Vert.

Seale, of Mount Boon, near Dartmouth. — This family, which came
from Northumberland, have been settled here more than a hundred years.
The present representative is John Seale, Esq.

Arms : — Or, a fesse, Az., between 3 wolves' heads erased, Sable.

Crest : — Out of a ducal coronet, Or, a wolf's head, Argent, embrued at
the nose and mouth.

Short, now of Bickham, in Kenne. — Four descents of this family are
described in the visitation of 1620, as of Newton St. Cyres and of Exeter.
John Short of Newton married the heiress of Shirland. The represent-
ative of this family is Francis Baring Short, Esq.

Arms : — G., a griffin segreant, Or, a chief, Ermine,

Sielifant, of Combe, in Colebrooke. — This family, who formerly wrote
their name Sullivan or Syllivan, came from Beare, in Ireland, in 1641.
Combe was acquired by marriage with Snell, in 1677. John Sillifant, Esq.,
now of Combe, married the heiress of Prideaux, of North Tawton.

Arms : — Per pale, S. and A., on a fesse between two boars passant,
the one in chief towards the dexter, the other in base towards the sinister,
2 cross-crosslets, all counterchanged.

Crest : — At the foot of a cross of Calvary, Or, a lizard, Proper.

Southmead, of Wrey, in Chagford. — This family is traced for six de-
scents, in the visitation of 1620. Thomas, the first mentioned in the
pedigree, married the heiress of Corsett, whose ancestor had married the
heiress of Delaford, by the heiress of Wrey. John Rowe Southmead, Esq.,
of Holy Street, in Chagford, is the present representative of this family :
his father married the heiress of Rowe, of Holy Street.

Arms : — Party per fesse, wavy, G., and Ermine ; an eagle displayed

in chief, Or.

Spurway,

DEVONSHIRE. civ

Spurway, of Spurway and Oakford. — This ancient family, originally
Grede, had assumed the name of Spurway as early as the reign of Henry III.
Co-heiresses of Stringer and Listen, and the heiress of Ley of Dartmouth,
have married into this family ; the representative of which is the Rev. John
Spurway, of Pilton, near Barnstaple, who possesses the manor of Spurway.

Arms : — Argent, on the bend Az., a spur-rowel, Or, between two
garbs of the first.

Crest : — A garb, Or.

Stawell, formerly of Merton, by marriage with a co-heiress of Merton,
now of West Anstey. — The descendant of the elder branch of this family,
into which co-heiresses of Farway and St. Main- had also married, was
created Baron Stawell : the male line of this branch became extinct by the
death of Edward Lord Stawell, in 1755 : the heiress married Legge, who was
created Lord Stawell. Willoughby Bryant Stawell, Esq., of West Anstey,
in Devonshire, is the representative of a younger branch of this ancient
family : his great-great-grandfather married a co-heiress of Holbrooke.

Arms : — G., a cross lozengy, Argent.

Stevens, of Vielstone, in Buckland Brewer and Cross, in 1672. — Henry
Stevens, Esq., the last heir male of this family, died in 1802. Thomas
More, Esq., his sister's son, took the name and arms of Stevens, in 1817,
and is now of Cross and Winscot.

Arms : — Per chevron, Argent, and G., in chief, 2 falcons rising, Pro-
per, belled, Or.

Crest : — A falcon rising, Or, wings, Az., each charged with an etoile
of the first, gorged with a collar gemelle of the second.

The heiress of a younger branch of this family, which was of Frithel-
stock and Winscot, married Awse, and afterwards Clevland. By the
bequest of the late John Clevland, Esq., Winscot is now the property of
Thomas Stevens, Esq.

Strode, of Newnham. — This ancient family was originally of Strode,
in the parish of Ermington, where they are traced as early as the reign of
Henry III. John, the seventh in descent, married a co-heiress of Newn-
ham, in the reign of Henry IV. The heiresses of Peniles of Plympton,
and Courtenay of Loughtor c , married into this family, of whicli George
Strode, Esq., is the present representative.

c A younger branch of Courtenay of Molland.

u 2 Arms :

clvi DEVONSHIRE.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron between 3 conies, current, Sable.
Crest : — On amount, a tree Vert, fructed gules.

Swete, formerly of Trayne, in Modbury, now of Oxton. — The last heir
male of this family, which had acquired Trayne by a marriage with the
heiress of Trayne, of that place, in the reign of Edward VI., died in 1755.
The Rev. John Tripe, of Ashburton, whose family had been long settled
at Dawlish, took the name of Swete, by act of parliament, in 1781 : he died
in 1821, and was succeeded by his eldest son, John Beaumont Swete, Esq.,
who is representative also of the ancient family of Martyn.

Arms of Swete : — G., two chevrons between two mullets, in chief, and a
rose in base, Argent, the rose seeded, Or.

Crest : — A mullet, Or, pierced, Az., between three gillyflowers, Proper.

Symoxs, of Chaddlevvood. — William Hales Symons, Esq., of this place,
is descended from a younger branch of a Suffolk family of that name,
which settled in Cornwall in the seventeenth century. William Symons,
Esq., the first who settled in Devonshire, married, the heiress of the Rev.
Christopher Jelinger, a learned and pious divine, who fled his native place,
Worms, in the palatinate of the Rhine, on account of religious perse-
cution, and was some time vicar of South Brent. Having been dispos-
sessed at the Restoration, he retired to the neighbourhood of Kings-
bridge, being possessed of an estate there, now the property of his de-
scendant, the Rev. H.J. Symons, LL.D. Dr. Symons's father, the late
Rev. Jelinger Symons, was rector of Whitburn, in the county of Durh'am,
to which benefice he was most honourably presented by the bishop of that
diocese, for his useful publications in defence of the church of England.

Arms of Symons : — Per fesse, Sab. and Argent, a pale counterchanged ;
3 trefoils, Vert.

Crest : — On a mount, Vert, an Ermine, Proper, in its mouth a trefoil,

as in the arms.

Taylor, of Denbury and West Ogwell. — Joseph Taylor d, Esq., ancestor
of Pierce Joseph Taylor, Esq., now of Ogwell House, married the heiress
of Whitrow, by one of the co-heiresses of Reynell, of West Ogwell, in the
early part of the last century : his father married the heiress of Pierce.

Arms : — Sable, a lion passant, Argent.

J Son of Captain Joseph Taylor, of the R.N., whose immediate ancestors were of Lyme, in

Dorsetshire. rr,

lEMPLER,

DEVONSHIRE. civil

Templer, of Stover Lodge, in Teigngrace, purchased by the grandfather
of George Templer, Esq., now of that place.

Arms : — Quarterly, Az. and G., the perspective of an antique temple,
Arg. ; on the pinnacle and exterior battlement a cross, Or; in the first quarter,
an eagle displayed ; in the second, a stag trippant regardant, of the last.

Crest : — On a wreath, a mount Vert ; thereon a holy lamb, Argent, in
the dexter foot a pennon of the second charged witli a cross of St. George;
the streamers wavy, Az. and G., the staff, Or, under an oak-tree, Proper,
fructed, Or.

Treby, of Goodamoor, in Plympton. — Paul Treby Treby, Esq., of this
place, is sou of Paul Ourry, Esq., by Charity, sister and heiress of George
Treby, Esq., who was son of the Honourable George Treby, and grandson
of Sir George Treby, one of the Justices of the Common Pleas. Mr.
Treby took that name by sign manual, in 1785. The Honourable George
Treby married a co-heiress of Hele, of Halwell.

Arms: — Sable, a lion rampant, Argent, collared, Vaire, (Az., and Er-
minois) ; in chief, three bezants.

Crest : — A demi-lion, rampant, collared as in the arms.

Tremayne, of Sydenham, in Maristow. — The ancient family of Tre-
mayne, originally of Cornwall, settled in Devonshire in consequence of a
marriage with the heiress of Trenchard, of Collacombe. Edmund Tremayne,
the representative of this family in Prince's time, married the .heiress of
Wise of Sydenham, since which time Sydenham has been the chief seat of
the Tremaynes. Arthur Tremayne, Esq., who died in 180S, was the last
of the elder branch. On his death, the Rev. Henry Hawkins Tremayne,
of Heligan, in Cornwall, succeeded to the estates, and became the male
representative of this ancient family. Co-heiresses of Clotworthy and
Hearle married into the Heligan branch.

Arms: — G. 3 dexter arms conjoined at the shoulders, and flexed in
triangle, Or, with fists clenched, Argent.

Crest : — Two arms embowed, Vested, Or, holding between their hands
a head Proper, thereon a hat, Sable.

Troyte, of Huntsham. — The ancestor of the Rev. Edward Berkley

Troyte, D.D., now of Huntsham, settled here about the middle of the last

century

Arms :

clviii DEVONSHIRE.

Arms : — Or, an eagle displayed, with two heads, Proper, a border in-
vected, Ermine.

Crest : — An eagle's wing, Sable, charged with five etoiles, Or, and
environed with a snake, Proper.

Tucker, of Coryton. — The ancestors of William Tucker, Esq., now of
Coryton, were settled at Axminster more than 200 years ago, and were
before of Exeter. Coryton was purchased in 1697.

Arms : — Az., on a chevron embattled between 3 sea-horses, Argent ; as
many hearts, Gules.

Crest : — A demi sea-horse regardant, Argent, holding between his paws
a heart, G.

Tuckfield, of Fulford Park. — Crediton was the original residence of
this family, who were opulent manufacturers, soon after the first extension
of the clothing trade, in the reign of Henry VIII. Their first country resi-
dence was at Great Raddon, in Thorverton. Henry Tuckfield, Esq., the
last heir male, died in 1797- Richard Hippisley, son of the Rev. John
Hippisley, of Stow, in Gloucestershire, took the name and arms of Tuck-
field, in 1808, and resides at Fulford Park.

Arms : — Argent, three lozenges in fesse, Sab., for distinction, a canton,
Gules.

Crest : — An eagle, Proper, beaked and legged, Or, the dexter claw
supporting an arrow erect, G., barbed and flighted, A. ; and for distinction,
on the breast of the eagle a rose, Gules.

Walrond, of Bradfield, in Uffculm This ancient family, of which

William Henry Walrond, Esq., is the representative, was settled at Brad-
field as early as the reign of Henry III. The heiresses of Stowford,
Ufflete, and Whitinge, have married into this family. A younger branch
was settled for several descents at Bovey : the heiress of this branch married
Lord Rolle, and is lately deceased.

Arms : — Or, 3 bulls' heads caboshed, Sable.

Crest : — A tiger seiant, charged with plates.

Webber. — The late Philip Rogers Webber, Esq., of Buckland, in
Braunton, married one of the co-heiresses of the elder branch of the Incle-
don family. Buckland is now the seat of his son, Henry WTebber, Esq., a
General in the East India Company's service.

Arms,

DEVONSHIRE. clix

Arms, as in Braunton Church : — G., on a chevron engrailed, Or, be-
tween 3 plates, as many annulets, Azure.
Crest : — A wolf's head.

Willett, of Combe in Abbotsham, Porthill in Northam, and Tapeley in
Westleigh. — John Willett, Esq., who died in 1J36, was the last heir male
of this family, who had been settled for a few descents at Combe: he be-
queathed his estates to William Saltren, second son of Thomas Saltren, Esq.,
of Stone, in Parkham ; his elder son, Augustus, who took the name of
Willett in addition to that of Saltren, was of Porthill in Northam, and died in
1803, leaving a son, Augustus Saltren Willett, Esq., who inherits Tapeley,
in the parish of Westleigh, under the will of the late John Clevland, Esq.

Arms of Willett : — Argent, 3 bars gemelles, S., in chief, three lions
rampant, of the second.

Woollcombe, of Hemerdon and Ashbury. — There can be little doubt
that the Woollcombes are descended from the same common ancestor as
the ancient family of Wollacombe. Two hundred years ago the name
was spelt Wolcomb, and in the visitation of 1620 the arms of Wollacombe
are assigned to this family, with a mullet for difference. The first of the
Woollcombes, or Wolcombes, of whom we rind mention, is William Wol-
combe, of Holland in Plympton, who married the heiress of Bawden in
the reign of Henry VII. : his two sons married the co-heiresses of Pitts
of Pitton in Yealmton. Thomas Woollcombe, Esq., now of Plymouth,
is the representative, and the seventh in lineal descent from the elder.
His son, George Woollcombe, Esq., possesses and resides at Hemerdon.
The heiresses of Winston, Stokes, and Avent, and a co-heiress of Bedford,
have married into this branch.

The younger branch resided for some generations at Pitton : in conse-
quence of a marriage with the heiress of Walter, they removed to Ashbury.
The heiress of Morth, and a co-heiress of Pascoe, married into this branch,
of which John Morth Woollcombe, Esq., of Ashbury, is the representative.

Arms : — The same as Wollacombe d, with a mullet for difference.

Crest : — A falcon, Proper, with wings expanded and inverted, charged
with three bars, G., beaked, belled, and legged, Or.

Worth, of Worth, in Washfield. — This ancient family, into which the
heiresses of Furlong and Furse have married, was of Worth in the reign of
Henry III. The present representative is John Worth, Esq., now of Worth.

d See p. clxxxiii.

Arms :

clx DEVONSHIRE.

Arms : — Erm. an eagle displayed with two necks, S.
Crest : — An arm erect, vested and gloved, Ermines, holding an eagle's
leg, couped at the thigh, Or.

Yarde, originally of Yarde, in Malborough, now of Trowbridge, which
was acquired by purchase in 1759- — The heiresses of Bussell and Ferrers
married into this family : the elder branch, in consequence of the last-
mentioned marriage, settled at Churston Ferrers, and became extinct in 1773,
by the death of John Yarde, Esq. His brother, Francis Yarde, Esq., of Ottery
St. Mary, who had married a co-heiress of Northleigh, left an only daughter,
heiress to the family, who married the late Sir Francis Buller, Bart. Gilbert
Yarde, a younger son of this family, settled at Bradley, and was ancestor of
John Yarde, Esq., now of Trowbridge. There was another branch of Trea-
surer's Bere, in Clist Honiton, the representative of which took the name
of Sainthill. c

Arms : — G. a chevron between three measuring yards, Or.

After the marriage with Bussell, this family generally bore the arms of
Bussell.

Yonge, of Puslinch. — This family, which came from Sturminster New-
ton, in Dorsetshire, had resided for several generations at Landsend, in
the parish of Colebrooke : they removed to Puslinch in consequence of a
marriage with a co-heiress of Upton, in the beginning of the last century.
The Rev. John Yonge, of Puslinch, is the present representative. The
late Sir William Young, G. C. B., was of this family : he had a younger
brother, Admiral James Young, now of Barton-end, in Gloucestershire.

The following arms were granted, in 1725, to James and William
Yonge, brothers, of this family. — Or, six ogresses in fesse, between
three lions saliant, Gules.

Crest : — On a wreath, Or, and G., a buck's head couped between two
fern branches, Vert. In this grant of arms the name is "spelt both Yonge and
Young. At this time the parties to whom the grant was made had failed in
proving their right to arms ; but it appears clearly from documents in the
Heralds' College, that the ancestor of the Yonges, then of Landsend, in
Colebrooke, and of Sturminster Newton, in Dorsetshire, had a grant from the
celebrated Camden, when Clarencieux King of Arms, of the following coat:
Per fesse, S. and Argent, three lions passant gardant counterchanged.

Crest : — A demi-unicorn, Argent, armed, Or.

• See the account of that family.

Ancient

DEVONSHIRE.

clxi

Ancient Families extinct or removed before 1620.

Affeton, of Affeton

Aller, or Awre, of North
Aller

Anke, of Anke

Archdeacone, or Erce-
dekne

Arundel], of Hemp- )
ston Arundell - j

, of Yewton

Arundell l
Ashlegh, of Ashlegh
Avenell, of Loxbeare

Avenell, who married

the heiress

Reginald, of

wash
Bagworthy, of Bag

worthy

Balister, or Alabaster

married^

of Fitz I

f Sheep- i

Bamhouse, of Kingston

Baron, of Buekland 7
Baron - - j

Bathon, of Colebrooke
Battens, ofDunsland
Bauceyn11, of Wash-1
borne Bauceyn - j
Bawcomb, of Bawcomb
Beaumont, of Gittesbam
Beauple, or Beaple, of \
Landkey - - j

Belston, of Belston

About what Time extinct or
removed.

f Six descents after

I Edw. I.

I About thelatterend

-^ of tlie 11th cei

( ury.

f About the begin-)

X ning of Hen. HI. j

end }

ent- >

Families into which the
Heiresses married.

Five descents after 27
Hen. III. -

Temp. Hen. III.

TRemovedintoCorn- )
< wall at an early >
(_ period - - )
Temp. Edw. III.

Temp. Hen. VI.

Temp. Hen. III.

Removed temp. Hen. IV.

In the 14th century

f Seven descen
\ low Edw. I

Temp. Edw. Ill

Stuckley
Hach

Dagville

I One of the co-^
heiresses mar- I
ried Courte- |
tenay -J

Crispin

Tirrell
f Trowbri
\ and Rii

dge \
chards J

cents be-

About 1500

Temp. Edw. I.

Temp. Hen. V.
1599

Temp. Edw. HI.
Temp. Hen. HI.

fCopleston, of)
\ Eggesford - J

Rowe

Pollard

Metsted
Arscot

Hiwis

Muttlebury
fSir Nigel Lo-1
X ringe, K.G. j

ISpeccot and I
Fultbrd - }

', Arg. a chevron between 3
I fleur-de-lis, Sable.

j" A rg. 3 parrots, Vert, beak-
[ ed and membered, Or.

" G. 2 bars and 3 annulets in
chief, Arg.

A. 3 chevrons, Sable.

A. 6 swallows, Sable.

Sable, 6 swallows, A.

— , a pheon.
A. 5 fusils in fesse.

3 spread eagles.

A. 3 cross-bows bent, Or.

JG. 2 wings conjoined in

X lure, Arg.

( A. a chevron between 3

X men's hearts, Sable.
Erm. a bend, Gules.
Arg. 3 battle-axes, Az.

{Arg. 2 bars wavy G., and
a quarter, Sable.
Arg. 3 bats displayed, S.
Barry of 6 Vaire and G.
G. a bend Vaire, between

6 escallops, Arg.
Or, on abend, G., 3 crosses
formte, Are.

c The heiress of Haccomb married into this family.
f Ancestor of the Arundells of Lanberne.
f The heiress of Dabernon married into this family.
b The heiress of Sbilston married into this family.

Vol. VI.

Bernville,

clxii

DEVONSHIRE.

Name.

Bernville, of Hock-
worthy

Bicklcigh, of Bickleigh

Bigbury "', of Bigbury

Bolhay, of Blackbo-
rough Bolhay

Boterford, of Boterford

Bottreaux,of Holland

Bottreaux
Bowring, of Bowrings-

legh

Boys, of Halberton

Boys, of Woode -

Boys, of Boys Hele

Bozon, of Bozon's Hele
and Churston -

"•I

, of Clovelly

Brightleyk, of Bright

ley, originally F

warren

Britt, of Stottescombe

Brixton ', of Brixton •

Bruer, of Teign Graas 1
or Teign Bruer -J

Bulkworthy, of Bulk- 1
worthy - - j

Bunion, of King's!
Teignton - -j

Burnell, of Cocktree ■

, of Croke ]

Burnell - - j

Bussell, of Bradley

About what Time extinct or
removed.

f Five descents from 1
I 27 Hen. III. -j

Uncertain

("Three descents be-l
\ low 8 Edw. III. J

r Continued four de-"J
i scents at an early V
(_ period - -J

Temp. Hen. IV.
About temp. Hen. VI.
Temp. Edw. IV.
Temp. Edw. III.

1 Edw. II.

{Seven descents be-1
low 1 Edw. II. -J
{The elderlinetemp.~v
Edw. I. - J

A younger branch j
temp. Hen. VI. J
Temp. Edw. III.

Families into which the
Heiresses married. I

Arms.

De Belfago

( Champer- "i

< nowne and >
( Durnfbrd -)

Cobham
Mey

Pike
Burton

Boys, of Boys Hele

Speccot

Ferrers and Chi-

verston
IFulford

Cary.

f Coblegh, and'
11 descents below H. II. -J afterwards |
J (. Fortescue -_

{8 descents from )
temp. Hen. III. J"
( 7 descents below 7
I 27 Hen. III. -j

Temp. Hen. III.

Temp. Edw. I.

Temp. Hen. IV.
Temp. Edw. III.

Temp. Edw. III.

ents b

en. III. -j

(" 5 descents below |
1 46 Hi

Wise

Wivill, Carswell,7
andBarnhouse j

Graas and Downe -

(The heiress "\
seems to have (
married (

Stockhey -J

Thorp
Wike
Colles
Yarde

f Arg. three pellets, each
-? charged with a bend of
( the field.

f Arg. a bend engrailed, S
\ between 3 crows.

Az. an eagle displayed, Or.

f A. on a chevron, S., 3

•J bezants between 3 tor

l_ teauxes.

( Or, on a bend, Az., 3 but

I terflies, Argent.

f Arg. a griffin segreant, G.,

I beak and legs, Az.

{G. a chevron between 3
lioncels rampant, Or.
J A. a chevron, G., between
\ 2 oak-trees, Proper.
(A. a chevron, S., between
-' 3 acorns, erect, Or, cup-
( ped, Vert.

{A. a chevron, G., between
3 cockatrices, Sable.

Az. 3 bird-bolts, Arg.

G. a chief indented, Argent.

{A. a fesse between 3 es
callops, Sable.

Arg. 3 boars' heads, Gules.

f A. four bars gemelles, Az.
< over all a chevron en-
(_ graded, Gules.

Sable, a bend Vaire.

!A. 3 pilgrims' staves in
pale, G.
f A. a chevron, Ermines, be-
■£ tween 3 barnacles, Sab.

{The same arms (the chev-
ron, Sable).
I A. a chevron, G., between
I 3 water-bougets, Sable.

' Co-heiresses of Doddescombe and of Champernowne of North Tawton married into this family.
k The heiress of Stowford, and a co-heiress of Merton, married into this family.
1 A co-heiress of Dymmock married into this family.

Cadbury,

DEVONSHIRE.

clxiii

Name.

Cadbury, of Cadbury -
Cadiho, of Dunsland

Carminow, of Ashwater

Carslake, of Harston

Carswell '", of Hach
Arundell

Chagford, of Chagford

Cliallons, of Legh »
Challons - - -.

Chanceaux, or De >
Cancellis - - '

Cheney, of Up-Ottery

About what Time extinct or
removed.

Before 1600
Temp. Hen. IV.

Temp. Hen. VI.

About 1500

C Settled at Hach in
I the reign of He

Families into which the
Heiresses married.

, of Pinho, (a 7

younger branch) - j

Chiseldon, of Hoi- 7
comb Rogus - \

Chiverston °, of Chi-
verston

Clavell, or ClavilleP, A
of Lomen, (came I
over with William X
the Conqueror) -J

Clist,ofClistandHen-l
nock - -j

Cobhami, of Black-)
borough Bolhay - J

Coblegh r, of Brightley

Cockington, of Cock-"}
ington (originally >
Fitz-Martin) -J

lef

J IV., extinctinth
v. 16th century

Temp. Edw. I.

Uncertain (continued
12 descents)

Removed temp. Edw. I

Temp. Edw. IV.

In the 16th century

5 descents below 52
Hen. III.

Temp. Ric. II.

Temp. Hen. III.
Uncertain

Tn the 16th century
Temp. Edw. III.

Molford
Dabernon

Carew

Wood

Langworthy

St. Aubyn and
Ferrers

'One of the co-"
heiresses
married
Willoughby,
LordBrooke j

Walgrave.

Wadham and Bluett

Halgewell, or Hal
well

fBere,ofHunt-l
\ sham - j

Trcmenet
Charlton

Giffard

No arms known.
f A. 3 piles in point wavy
I Sable.

I Az., a bend, Or, a label of
1 3, G.

f Arg., a mullet, S., between
I 3 trefoils, Vert.

f Sable, a bend, Arg., a label
1 of 5.

{Sab., crusuly fitchtie, 3
lions rampant, Argent
G., 2 bars and an orle of
martlets, Arg.
f Arg., a chevron, Az., be-
I tween 3 mullets, Sable.

G., 4 fusils in fesse, Arg.,
each charged with an es-
callop, Sable.

fOr, on a chevron, G., 3
I martlets of the field.
Or, on a bend, G., 3 goats
passant, A.

Or, 3 keys, Gules.

A. 3 piles in point wavy,

Azure.
G. on a chevron, Or, 3

eaglets displayed, S.
Gyronny of 6, G. and S.,

on a bend engrailed, A.,

3 hurts between 2 swans,

Proper.

A., achevron, Az., between
3 cocks, G.

m The heiress of Prall and a co-heiress of Brixton married into this family.

n The heiress of Legh, and co-heiresses of Cantilupe, Mauduit, Beauchamp, and Waterton,
married into this family.

0 A co-heiress of Boson, of Ithelton, married into this family.

p A younger branch of this family married the heiress of Wyot, of Smedmore, and settled in
Dorsetshire. This branch became extinct by the death of George Clavell, Esq., of Bath, in
1774 ; his father was the first of his branch who wrote the name Clavell. A nephew (William
Richards) took the name of Clavell, and was sheriff of Dorsetshire in 1797.

i The heiress of Bolhay married into this family.

' The heiress of Brightley married into this family.

Cock.
x 2

clxiv

DEVONSHIRE.

Cockworthy,ofYarns- 1

combe - - j

Cogan s, of Bampton -

Compton, of Compton }

Castle - - J

Cornu, of Horwood

, ofThornbury -

Coryton, of Coryton -

Crispin, of Woolston •

Curtoys, of Goldworthy
Dabernon, of Bradford

, of Dunsland

Name.

About what Time extinct (
removed.

Damarell ', of Milton 1
Damarell - - j

, of Nortli )

Huish - - ]

, of Woodbury

, ofGidley

, of Aveton)

Giffard - - f

Deaudon, of Deaudon

De la Ford, of Ford
Dernford, of Stonehouse

Dirwyn, of Fulford

Doddescomb, of 1
Doddescomb Legh j

Uncertain
Temp. Ric. II.
Temp. Edw. III.

About temp. Hen. IV.

About temp. Hen. VII.
Removed into Cornwall

Temp. Edw. II.

About 1400
Temp. Edw. I.

Temp. Hen. VI.
Removedtemp. Edw.II.
Temp. Edw. III.
Temp. Edw. III.
In the 14th century

Temp. Edw. III.

Temp. Hen. III.

{At an early period 1
(uncertain) -j

{3 descents below
Edw. III.

Families into which the
Heiresses married.

Trevelyan

Fitzwarren
J Gilbert and Chi-
\ derlegh
V Pollard and }

Arms.

I Wilfo

Speccot

4 descents belon
I J Edw. II.

Temp. Edw. III.

Donne, or Douneu, of
Doune Raph and
Bridgrule

Edmerston, of Ed
merston

English, of English I
Hayes - -j

Englishville, of Bradley

Bradstone

Gay
Dennis

Arscot

Trenchard.

{Bonville and
Maltravers

Code, of Cornwall

{Dernford and
Berry.

Claville and Alalet

Bonville

5Dinham and")
afterwards >
(^ Edgecumbe J

Hach

5 descents below 27
Hen. III.

Continued five deO
scents : time of ex- >
tinction uncertain -J

Temp. Hen. IV. -
Temp. Hen. III. -

Bigbury,New-~\
enliam, Prall, I
and Brans- i
comb -)

Ledred and Hoi
comb

Rouse.

Gredy
Bussell

f Arg., a chevron between

\ 3 cocks, Gules.

G., 3 mulberry leaves, Vert.

S., a chevron, Erm., between

3 shovelers, Arg.

Arg., a chevron between 3
hunting-horns, Sable.

Arg., a saltier, Sable.

f G., 10 lozenges, 4, 3, 2

I 1 Ermine.
Arg., 3 fleur-de-lis, Sable.
Az., a chevron, Or.

f Az., a chevron, and in chief

{ 3 escallops, Or.

fAz., on a chief, G., 3

\ crescents, A.

Per fesse, G., and Az., 3

crescents, Arg.

{The same coat with the
crescent, Or.

{S., a poppy with roots and
fruit, Or.

Sab. a ram's head caboshed,
Arg., attired, G.

f G., a pale engrailed, Erm
< debrused with a fesse
(_ Erminois.

A., 3 eaglets displayed.
Gules.

( Paly of 6, Arg. and Az.,
-? ' on a fesse G., 3 mullets,
( Or.

Az. 3 garbs and a chief, Arg

fG. on a bend, Argent, 3
\ bendlets, Sable.

s Descended from Sir Milo Cogan, who undertook the conquest of Ireland : his five imme-
diate successors were all knights.

1 A younger branch of this family, which had been of Stone in Ugborough, was in existence
in Sir William Pole's time, in a reduced condition, and the name is still to be found among the
yeomanry in the south-west part of the county.

» The heiress of De Mora, and a co-heiress of Bruer, married into this family.

Esse,

DEVONSHIRE.

clxv

Name.

Esse, of Esse Ralph x
Eston, of Eston

Fallowpit, or Fallopit, |
of Fallowpit - - )

Faringdon, of Little J
Faringdon - - j

Ferrers, of Bere Fer- 1

-, of Churston

Filleigh, of Filleigh

Fishacre, of Comb }
Fishacre v - -j

Fitz, of Fitzford -

Fitz Bernard, of Hoi- 1
comb Burnell - )

Fitz Payne, of Cheri-1
ton Fitzpayne -j

Fitz Stephen, of Norton

Flemin

-, of Bratton

■!

Fleming
Folkeray, of Buck-"/

land Baron z - - }
Frank Cheney, of Clist 7

Gerald - -J

Gambon, of Morston -

Gibbes, of Fenton - -
Giffard, of Wear Giffard
Gorges, of Tamerton ^
Foliot - -J

Graas, of Teign Graas -
Haccomb, of Haccomli

About what Time extinct or
removed.

Temp. Edw. II. -
In the 16th century

Before 1450

Eleven descents below |
4 Edw. I. - -J

In the 14th century

Temp. Hen. VI. -
Temp. Hen. IV. -
Temp. Henry IV.

" In the early part of
the 17th century -

Temp. Edw. I. -

Temp. Edw. III. -
Temp. Hen. III.

Temp. Hen. VI. -

Three descents below 1
Richard II. - -j

Temp. Hen. VIII.

Temp. Edw. IV.

Temp. Elizabeth -
Temp. Hen. III. -
Four descents below 1
27 Hen. III. -j

Before 1500

{3 descents after ")
27 Hen. HI. -j

Families into which the
Heiresses married

Giffard -
Winslade -

Fortescue.

Cooper

f Champernowne,
1 Poynings, and
f. Fleming -

Ashford and Yarde
Trewen

Ufflete and Holway

The heiress was
married to 4 bus
bands ; Percy
Darcy, Howard
and Grenville •

Kaull
Austill

Bellew and Dillon
Huckmore

Strode

Gay and Sydenham

Drewe and Wotton
Widworthy -

Bonville
Copleston
Ercedekne -

A. 2 chevrons, Sable.

(Per chevron G. and Or, 3
sea-dragons, counter-
changed in pale, and
crowned.

f Sab. 3 unicorns current in
I pale, Arg.

| Or, on a bend, S. 3 herse-
lf shoes, Arg.

{The same arms, with a
mullet for difference.
f G. a fesse Vaire, between
\ 6 crosses formed, Or.

{Arg. on a chevron, Az. 3
fishes haurient, Or.

Arg. a cross engrailed be-
tween \1auttes de Sana.

f Vaire on a chief, G. 2
I mullets, Or.

A. 2 wings ci njoi ed, Gules.

JG. an eagle displayed with
2 heads, Or.

{Vaire, a chief cheeky, Or,
and G.
("Cheeky, A. and S. a fesse
\ Vaire, A. and G.
f Erm. on a chief, G. 3 lions
\ rampant, A.
f A. a fesse between 3 men's
I legs, couped, Sable.
A. 3 battle-axes, Sable.
Sab. 3 fusils in fesse, Erm.
f Az. 3 gorges, or whirlpools,
"j one within another, Arg.

{Erm. a fesse between 3
cinquefoils, G.

A. 3 bends, Sable.

1 The Ash's, of Middlesex, an extinct baronet's family, were descended from a younger
branch of Esse, of Esse Ralph.

J The heiress of Speke married into this family.

' The heiress of a younger son of the Folkeray family married Hearle, and afterwards Cary,
of Cockington, by both of whom she had issue.

Halghwell,

clxvi

DEVONSHIRE.

Halghwell, or Hal-]
well, of Hahvell a I

Hall, of Hall -

Halton, of Ditishain
Hankford l' , of Annery

Hayne, of Hayne,
HeantonS of Old Port
Helion, of Asseriston -

Hereward, of Dodescot

Hidon, of Hemiock

, of Clist Hidon

Hill, of Hill's Court

near Exeter -
Hiwis, of Stowford
Holbeam, of Holbeam

and Coffinswell

Holcomb, of Hole, in",
Branscomb - - '

About what Time extinct or
removed.

About 1500

Famib'es into which tile
Heiresses married.

Uncertain

Temp. Edw. I.
About 1500 -

{About the middle of
the 16th century
Uncertain

Temp. Edw. I.

rt, 7

Temp. Edvv. III.

Temp. Edw. I.
Temp. Ric. II.

Temp. Edw. III. -
Before 1600

Removed about 1600

Six co-heiresses
married —

< 3

Bray ;

Brooke Lord
Cobham;
Verney, and
afterwards
Catesby ;
i. Pecham ;

5. Bruges ;

6. Lifield

Arms.

, A. on a chevron, G., 3
annulets, Or.

■Chichester -

Ingpen.

f Butler, Earl of
\ Ormond

Harris

Somaster

Berkeley (ob. s.
p.). The aunts
of the heiress
married Den-
band, Moul-
ton, Prudhome
and Sore.

" 1

Dinham ■

•St. Clere

■jMalet
■ Hawley ■
Marwood

( Az. a chevron, Erm., be-
-; tween 3 chaplets of
( roses, A.

f G. a chevron barry wavy,
\ A. and S.

{A chevron, G., between 3
martlets, Sable.
Vert, a bend, Or.
| A. on a bend, Sab., 3 mart
\ lets, Or.

f G. 3 bezants ; a label of
{ three, A.
fThe same arms, with a
1 label of five.
f G. a saltier Vaire, between
"^ 4 mullets, A.
G. fretty, and a canton, Arg.

{Arg. a chevron, enarched,
Sable.
fAz. a chevron, Arg., be
■2 tween three men's heads
(_ wreathed, Or.

a The heiress of Piperell, Norbury, and Chiverston married into this family, and the arms
of Chiverston were sometimes borne by them instead of their own. A younger branch of this
family, as they were supposed to have been, who wrote their name Holwell, was of Thorne
Hopping. Andrew Holwell, of that place, who died in 162-1, appears by the pedigree to have
been grandson of Sir John Halwell : his descendant, William Holwell, M. D., resided at
Exeter, and was great-grandfather of the Rev. William Holwell, some time of Exeter College,
who married Lady Charlotte Carr, daughter of the Earl of Errol, and has assumed the name
of Carr.

b The heiress of Stapledon married into this family.

c A co-heiress of De la Port, and the heiress of Sainthill, married into this familyr.

Hull,

DEVONSHIRE.

clxvii

Name,

Hull, of Larkbeare

Hurst, of Whiteway
Huxham, of Huxham -

Ingpene

Le Jewe, of Cotlegh

Jule, or Jewell
Bowden -

f, of)

Kaleway, of Mokisbeare

, of Cullorapton

Kaulls, of Holcombl
Burnell - - j

Keynes h, of Winkley
Keynes

Knovill, of Battishorne

Lamprey, of Church )
Horwood - - )

Lancelles, of Combe
Lancelles

Langford, of Langford

Larder ', of Upton )
Pyne - -j

About what Time extinct or
removed.

(Appears to have^v
been extinct be- I
fore the visitation j
of 1620 - -J

Soon after 1600 -
Temp. Edw. III.

!4< descents below 7
27 Hen. III. -J
{i descents below
Edw. II. -

Before 1600

Temp. Eliz.

Before 1600

Four descents below 1
Hen. III. - -j

C Removed into So-"|
mersetshire about
1600, after re-
maining at Wink-
ley for IS gener-
ations, from the
time of Henry II.
The heiress of the
elder branch had

(_ previously married _

About MOO

Temp. Edw. II.

Temp. Edw. III.

f 7 descents below 1

1 Hen. III. -j

In the early part of 7

the 17th century j

Families into which the
Heiresses married.

Bodley
Bampfylde

Fitchet
Yeo

Lighte

Speke

PAchard, Dun,"
-J and Erce-
i dekne

Passelew

Copleston

Arms.

( Sab. a chevron between
1 3 talbots' heads, erased
( Arg."

Or, a sun, Gules.

A. a lion rampant, S.
f G. 2 bars gemelles, Or, a
\ chief engrailed, Erm.

iVert. a lion rampant gat'd
ant, Erm., a fesse, G.

f Or, on a chevron, Az., be

tween 3 July flowers, a

demi-maiden, G. crinetl,

Or, on a chief, S. a lure

between 2 falcons, A.,

|_ legs and bells, Or.

f Arg. 2 glaziers' irons in

i saltier, S., between four

(_ pears pendant, Or.

f The same arms, within a

| border engrailed.

{Quarterly embattled, A
and S.

f Az. a bend wavy, cottised.
I Arg.

A., 3 mullets, G.

SS., a chevron between 3
lampreys, A.
{A., a chief, S., 3 lances in
pale countercbanged.
f Paly of 6, A. and G., a
| chief, Azure,
f A. on 3 piles in chief, Sab.,
\ as many bezants.

d Perhaps the arms of Talbot : the heiress of Talbot, of Exeter, married into this family.
e The heiress of Halton married into this family.

I Bishop Jewell was of this family.

s The heiress of Fitz Bernard married into this family.

II Co-heiresses of Wake and Wampford married into this family.

■ The heiress of Pyne, of Upton Pyne, married into this family. A younger branch, which
was of Loders, in Dorsetshire, married the heiresses of Coudrey and Owgan, and became
extinct by the death of George Larder, Esq., in 1766. The co-heiresses (aunts of the last
male heir) married Brown, Walrond of Bovey, and Bragge of Sadborough.

Lomen,

clxviii

DEVONSHIRE.

Name.

Lomen, or de Lumine -

Malherbe, of Fenyton -

Marshall, of Radway -
Merton, of Merton * -

Metsted

[Viewy, of Mewy
Molton, of Pinho

Morris, of Morris
Orwey, of Orwey

I About what Time extinct or
removed.

1 f Temp. Hen. III. or)
{ Edw. I. - -J

Temp. Hen. VII.

Removed about 1630.
Temp. Edw. III.

10 Ric. II., after 71
descents - -j
Temp. Edw. III.

About MOO

5 descents below27

Families into which the
Heiresses married.

i5 des
I He

en. III.
anell, of Baunton - Before Edw. I.

:-}

Passelew, of Church 1
Horwood - -J

Penniles, of Lupton

Pery, of West Waters -

Peverell, of Ermington
-, of Sampfordl

Peverell
, of Wolmerston

Ferrers

Stowell
Walleis

Streche
Fortescue

Hampton
Cogan

Removed before 1600 -

About Hen. VII.

Temp. Eliz.
Temp. Edw. I.
Temp. Edw. I.

Arms.

Upton

Peytevin, (Pictavensis)
of Credy Peytevin -

Temp. Hen. IV.

Temp. Edw. I. : a >
younger branch I
continued till i
Edw. III. - -J
Pillond, of Pillond - Temp. Hen. VII.
Pipard, of Larkbear -Temp. Edw. III.
Poer or Power, ofPoers (6 descents below

Hayes
Poltimore, of Poltimore
Potesford, or Putford
of Church Putford
Powlet, or Pawlet ',
of Legh Powlet

Prescot, of Prescot

( 6 descents below ")
I Hen. II. -]

Temp. Edw. II. or III.
Removed about 1600 -

Carew

Cottle.Wroke-
shall, ant
ers
Lord Hungerford.

^arew

fCottle.Wroke-'l
-? shall, and V
f_ Rivers -)

Wiger.

Brett
De Lisle

Duke

Jewe

f Stockhey and
[

Pollard

Temp. Hen. IV.

[The heiress ~|
seems to have |
married Al- !
mescombe,
| who took the
[_ name - -J

Sab., a sun, Or.

' Or, a chevron, G., between
3 nettle-leaves erect, V.

Az., 3 bends, Arg.
J Quarterly, Or and G., 4 es-
\ callops counterchanged.

{G., 3 sea-mews, A., beaks
and legs, Or.
Cheeky, Or and S.
f Quarterly G. and A., the
1 first and fourth quarters
i fretty, Or.
f Arg., on a chief indented,
< S., 3 cross-crosslets fit-
(_ chee, Or.

( Or, 2 lions passant in pale
{ Az.

f Bore the arms of Lamprey,
^ whose heiress their an-
(. cestor married.
f Arg., on a chevron, Az.,
j 3 fishes, Or.
( Quarterly, G. and Or, on
J abend of the first 3 lions
(^ passant, Azure.
Or, a spread eagle, Az.

Az., 3 garbs, Arg. ; a chief,
Or.

S. an eagle displayed, Arg.
Arg., 3 bars gemelles, Az.

Per pale wavy, Or and Az.

Az., a griffin segreant, Or.
Arg., a plain cross fitchee in
base, Gules.

f Sab. 3 swords in pile, A

I the hilts, Or.

Erm., a chevron, S., on a
chief, Or, 2 leopards' facet,
Gules.

k One of the co-heiresses of the Baron de Torrington married into this family.
1 Ancestors of Earl Pawlet.

Prodhome,

DEVONSHIRE.

clxix

About what Time extinct or
removed.

Families into which the
Heiresses married

Prodhome, of Upton )
Prodhome - f

Pruteston, of Prutes- 1
ton, now Preston -J

Punchardon, of Pun-~i
cliardon in Kentis-f
bear, and of Hean- (
ton Punchardon -J

Pym m, of Sidford

Rake, of Rake

Ralegh,.

of Ralegh

-, of Collaton

Ralegh", and Fard
ell

:■}

Temp. Edw. III.
Temp. Ric. II.

Temp. Hen. III. or
Edw. I.

Removed about 1600 ■

Soon after 44 Edw. Ill,

f After 8 descents")

\ (time uncertain) j

Removed temp. Jac. I.

of Warklegh
-, ofStreet-Ra-

legh
Rashleigh0, of Rashleigh

Reigny, of EggesfordP

, of Brixton]

Reigny - -j

Revell, of Revelstoke

Rogus, of Holcombe I
Rogus (originally -
Fitz-Rogon) - - )

Rohant, of Dodbrook

Rous % of Modbury

St. Aubyn"-, of Comb!
Ralegh - -J

ontinued from "J
Hen. II. to Hen. 5-
IV. - -)

{9 descents below 1
Hen. III. -j

f Continued from

i descents below )
Hen. III. - -j

Temp. Hen. VII.

descents below
III

4 Edw. I.

Whiting -

{Fortescue, of)
Wimpston -j

f Beaumont, "1
i Ralegh, and >
(_ Beauple -J

Chichester

{After 5 descents!
(time uncertain - j

Temp. Edw. III.

Temp. Edw. III.
Removed into Cornwall

St. Aubyn
Clotworthy

Copleston

4 co-heiresses
married —

1. Crubb ;

2. Prous ;

3. Luscombe;
I 4. Horey and
|_ Wanton

Hurst.
Chiseldon

Champernowne

{Dennis and 7
Trethurfe -J

C Az., 3 lions' heads erased,
I Or.

Or, on a bend, Az., 3 crosses
formee fitchee, Arg.

A. a cross sarcele" voided, G,

A., an annulet, S.

S., 3 rakes in pale, Arg.

f Cheeky; Or and G., a chief

( Vaire

G., 5 fusils in bend, A.

G., 3 fusils in bend, Arg.

f G., a bend Vaire between
( 6 cross-crosslets, Or.

{A., a cross, S., in chief 2
text T's of the second
iG., 2 wings conjoined in
fesse, Erm.

G., 3 paring knives, Arg
hafts, Or.

{Az.,a chevron, A., between
3 chess-rooks, Or.

!Or, 2 chevrons, Gules : a
canton of the second
charged with a mullet of
the field.
f Or, an eagle displayed
\ biting its wing, Azure.
Erm., on a cross, G., 5 be-
zants.

m The heiress of Trivet, of Sidford, married into this family.

n A younger branch of Ralegh, of Nettlccombe Ralegh, in Somersetshire ; but it is probable
that they were all originally descended from the Raleghs, of Ralegh. Sir Walter Ralegh,
who was the representative of this family, sold most of his estates in Devonshire.

• A younger branch settled at Mcnabilly in Cornwall. — See the history of that county.

P The heiresses of Page and Weele married into this family.

i The Rev. Richard Rous, one of the male descendants of this family, died rector of Clist
St. George in Devonshire, in the year 1S10.

' The heiress of Ralegh married into this family.

VOL. VI. v St. Clere.

clxx

DEVONSHIRE.

Name.

St. Clere, of Tidwell ■

St. Leger s, of Annery 1
and Dartington -J

St. Mary Church', of'7
St. Mary Church -J

St. Maur ", of North 1
Molton - - j

Sachville, of Clist
Sachville

Santon, of Santon

-'}

Scobahull*, of Scob-
bahull

About what Time extinct or
removed.

Temp. Eliz.
Removed before 1600
Temp. Hen. IH.
Uncertain

Removed Temp. Edw. I.

(Temp. Hen. III., or 1
( Edw. I. - -j

Servington

Seward, of Comb in 1
Teignhead - -J

Shillingford, of Shu-
Hneford

Shilston, of Shilston

Another Shilston, who'}
had married a co- >
heiress of Upcott - )

Snape -

Soleigny, of Umber-')

leigh - - -j
Speke y , of Bramp-1

ford Speke - - j

Stanton of Clovelly
Stapledon, of Stapledon

Stockhey z , of Santon

Temp. Hen. IV. -

Temp. Eliz.

Before 1600 -

fUncertain, (con- 1
1 tinued 9 de- >
(_ scents) - -J

Temp. Hen. III. -
Temp. Eliz.

About 1200 -
Removed before 1600

Temp. Edw. III.

fin the early part of 1
the 15th century J

55 descents below \
Edw. I. - - /

Families into which the
Heiresses married.

f Per pale, Or, and Az., a

\ sun counterchanged.

Az., fretty and a chief, Arg.

Arscot

De Rotomago.
Drury

Stockhey

f Holbeam, Ched-

Ider, Kirkham, I
and Speccot. |
The heiress of } Arg. 3 fleur-de-lis, G.

{A. 2 chevrons, G. a label
of 3 Vert,
f S. a chevron, Erm. be-
-j tween 3 bundles of ar
(_ rows, A.

Arg. a chief, Azure.

a younger
branch mar.
ried Cole

Croker and Savery
Chase and Furlong

Bauceyne, and
afterwards
Ashleigh

Whiddon.

Baghill -
Champernowne

Crewkern
Hankford

Beaumont

f Erm., on a chevron, Az.,
i 3 stags' heads cabosh'd.
[ Or.

fG.ona fesse, Az. between
1 2 chevrons, Erm. 3 lions'
(_ faces, Or.

{A. a bend, G. a label of
five, Azure.

Erm. a saltier, Azure, be-
tween 4 cross-crosslets,
fitchee, Sable.

A. a lion rampant, Erm.
Quarterly, A. and G.

{A. 2 bars, Az. over all an
eagle displayed, Or.
f S. a chevron, between 3
\ lions' heads erased, A.

A. 2 bends wavy, S.

f"S. a chevron, Erm. be-
J tween 2 chevronels en-
(_ grailed, Or.

s A co-heiress of Butler, Earl of Ormond, married into this family.

' A younger son of Richard de Redvers, Earl of Devon, is said by Dugdale to have taken
this name.

n The heiress of Zouch married into this family.

1 There is a younger branch of this family in Cornwall.

y The heiresses of Gervais, Keynes, Beauchamp, and Winard, married into this family.

1 A co-heiress of Potesford, and the heiress of Crawthorne, married into this family.

Stone,

DEVONSHIRE.

clxxi

Stone, of Stone -
Stone, or De la Stane

Stoner, of Ermington -

Stowford,of Stowford, 7
in Colyton - - j

Streche z, of Wolston •

Strechleigh * , of 1

Strechleigh, in Er- > 1583

mington - - )

Sully <>, oflddesleigh -j About Edw. III.
Talbot of Spreytonl T Hcn.VI. .

and bourton - -j

Thome, of Thome

Name*.

About what Time extinct or
removed.

Temp. Hen. VI.
f6 descents from!
i Henry II. (re- >
{_ moved) - -J

Removed before 1600

Temp. Edw. I. -

{4 descents after
Edw. II.

Thorpe, of King's '
Teignton -

Till, of Tilhouse -

(Uncertain)

1509

,'7 descents below ",
I Hen. III. - -'

Tidwell, or Todwell, of
Todwell

Tracey,of Wollacomb 1
Tracey - - j

After 6 descents
(time uncertain

Temp. Edw. II. or III.

Families into which the
Heiresses married.

Harris

Walrond

Cheyney and 1
Beauchamp - j

Chudleigh -

Kelly

Cooke

Clifford

Hext and Wadham

St. Clere -

fOne of the co-
heiresses mar
ried succes
sively Maw-
ris, Roges, and
Boteler ; th
other Fitz Ste-
phen, and
JMauger -

Or, on a fesse 3 plates.

The same arms.

f Az. 2 bars dauncettee and
I a chief, Or.
\ Or, a chevron between 3
I bulls' faces, Sable.

A. a lion rampant, G.

fPer pale A. and S., six
1 crescents counterchang-
t ed.

A. 2 chevrons, G.
f A. a chevron between 3
\ talbots, passant, Sab.
(A. a fesse, G. between 3
\ lions, rampant, Sab.

Az. a fesse dauncettee, Erm.

( A. a fesse, per fesse in-
J dented, Or, and G., in
[ chief, 3 trefoils, S.
I A. a fesse between 3 an-
1 nulets, S. within a bor-
( der engrailed, G.
1

Trelosk, of Dunterton ,Temp. Edw. I.
Tremail, of Sand -In the 16th century

Tremenet, of HennockTemp. Edw. III. -
Temp. Edw. III.

Trenchard, of Colla-1

comb - -j

Trewin, or Trewen, of)

Weare Giffard, and >

Whitchurch - - J

Trivet, of Stone -

Temp. Hen. IV. -

f 3 descents after 1
I Edw. III. - -J

Ashley

f Dymc

\ Tumour

Tremayne

Densell

Pym and Tremail

, Or, 2 bends, G., a label of
three, Az.

f Per pale A. and G., on the
| second a fret, Or.

5A. a fesse G. between 2
tremails.
{S. a chevron between 3
mullets of 6 points, Or.
( Or, a chevron between 3
\ escallops, Az.
( A. on a bend V., between
< 6 cross-crosslets fitchee,
( 3 crosier staves, Or.

A. a trivet, Sable.

2 The heiresses of Bradstone and Molton married into this family.

a A co-heiress of Goold married into this family.

b One of the co-heiresses of the Barons de Torrington married into this family.

Tuden-

clxxii

DEVONSHIRE.

Name.

Tudenham, of Stan-
ton Tudenham

Ufflete, of Comb - ■

Umfraville c , of Lap- 1
ford - . -J

Upcott, of Upcott

About what Time extinct or
removed.

Valletort, of North
Tawton

''}

Removed, after 6 de-
scents.

Temp. Hen. VI. -

(Uncertain)

, of Clist St.

Lawrence
Wadeton, of Wadeton

Wadham, of Edge

Wampford, of Wamp- 1
ford - -}

Whiteway, of Whiteway

Whitfield of Whitfield

About 1300

Temp. Hen. VIII.
Temp. Hen. III.

r By the death of Ni-~|
cholas Wadham,
founder of Wad- [

or about 1609 -J
After 7 descents 1
(time uncertain) -J
In the 14-th century

Before 1500 -

Wibbery, of Wibbery - (Uncertain)

[ Temp. Edw. I.

Widvvorthy, of Wid

worthy
Willington, of Gittis-About the latter end

ham

Winscot, of Winscot -
Wolfe, (anciently Lu-^

pus,) of Kentisbury j

Wolrington, of Hache -

, of West",

Wolrington, or )
Worlington
Woodland, of Wood-
land and Cocki
ton

od-1
"S- >

Yartye, of Yartye

of the 14th century
Temp. Edw. III. - "

1493

Temp. Edw. II. or III.

Temp. Edw. II.

Temp. Edw. III. -
Temp. Hen. IV. -

Families into which the
Heiresses married

Walrond

JFurneaux and!
St. John -J
f One of the co-
1 heiresses mar
( ried Shilston
f 5 co-heiresses: 1.
| and 2. married
Champernowne;
3. Lyff; 4.
Lucy, and af-
terwards Fran-
cis ; 5. Brad-
L ney

Pollard -

J Fishacre, or
\ Fissacre.

Arms.

' A. on a fesse, Sab., 3 cross
i crosslets, Or, in chief, 3
i martlets of the second,
k two and one.

. crusuly and a rose, Or.

"A. on a chevron between
3 boars, passant, S., as
many roses, Arg.

Strangwayes,
Martyn, a
Wyndham

Keynes

Hurst and Horwell
fHensleigh and
I Garland

Lippincot

Dinham.

Wroth and Beau

mont
Barry.

Randall
Atwater

{Wybury, Solers;
and Burell

Frye

V. on a bend, A., 3 mul
lets, G.

A. a fesse, and in chief 2
mullets, Sab.

G. a chevron between 3
roses, Arg.

{A. a fesse between 3 mul
lets, Sab.

G. a fesse between 6 cross

crosslets fitchee, Arg.
f A. a fesse embattled, coun-
i ter-embattled, Sab., be-
(_ tween 3 quatrefoils, G.

G. a saltier, Vaire.

'A. a chevron between 3
wolves, passant, Az.

" G. 2 demi-leopards, pas-
sant, Or.

"Sab. 3 eagles' heads eras-
ed, and an orle of mart-

. lets, Or.

A. on a bend, S., 3 harts'
heads caboshed, Or.

f Sab. a fesse engrailed be-
\ tween 3 mullets, Arg.

c One of the co-heiresses of the Barons de Torrington married into this family.

Ancient

DEVONSHIRE. clxxiii

Ancient Families, of 'which the principal Branch is extinct, or removed, since
1620, yet some of the Descendants remain in the County.

Sir Willam Pole has a list of this description, which he entitles, " Such
auncient Gentlemen which arc yeat remainynge in the County of Devon,
but have departed with their auncient Lands, and dwell in other Places."
In the following list will be found some families which remain only in a re-
duced state, and others who, although in the rank of gentry, have perhaps
no landed property or residence in the county, but such as is connected
with their profession.

Beavis, of Clist. — This family is traced in Devonshire to the reign of
Henry IV. The present male representative of the elder branch is Mr.
James Beavis, of Bradford, in Wiltshire. Colonel Henry Beavis, the repre-
sentative of a younger branch, resides at Barnstaple. The heiresses of
Forward and Coade married into this family.

Arms : — Az., 3 close helmets, Argent, garnished, Or.

Crest : — A pheon, Argent.

Berry, of Berry Narbor, East Leigh, Lobb, Winscot, &c. &c. — It
is probable from the similarity of arms, that these families are from the
same common origin. Ralph de Bury possessed Bury Narbor in the reign
of Henry III. The name of the family and of the place was soon after-
wards spelt Berry, and at a later period Berne. The heiress of the elder
branch, which continued at Berry Narbor till the death of Thomas Berrie
in 1708, married Francis Kirkham, Esq., who died in 1737- Co-heiresses
of Penrise and Giffard, and the heiress of Bowden, married into this
family.

The Berrys of East Leigh were descended from the second son of Berry
of Berry Narbor, by the co-heiress of Giffard. On the death of the last
of the elder line of this branch *, which, by Sir William Pole, is called
Barry. East Leigh devolved to Thomas Berry, Esq., (younger brother of
George Berry of Lobb,) which Thomas died in 1S02 : his sister and heiress

* A co-heiress of Salle and the heiress of Lane married into this branch.

married

clxxiv DEVONSHIRE.

married Boatfield, whose only child married Tuplin, and the co-heiresses
of Tuplin the Rev. John Torr and Francis Southerton, M.D.

A younger branch of Berry, descended from the third son of the co-
heiress of Giffard, settled at Chittlehampton, and seems to have become
extinct soon after the visitation of 1620.

A younger branch of Berry, of East Leigh, settled at Lobb, in Braunton.
The younger brother of George Berry, of Lobb, Gent., who died in
1723, without issue, became possessed of East Leigh, and removed thither.

Daniel Berry, a younger son of Berry, of Berry Narbor, was vicar of
Holland, as was his grandson of the same name. Sir John Berry, the
eminent naval officer in the reign of William III., whose monument is at
Stepney, in Hiddlesex, was son of the latter. Thomas Berry, Esq., of
Crediton, attorney-at-law, is descended from this branch.

John Berry, another younger son of the Berry-Narbor family, died
rector of Georgeham in 1649. His descendant, Hr. John Berry of Clo-
velly, died in 1788. Sir Thomas Berry, Knt., of Northam, who died in
1698, without issue, was of a younger branch of this family. I have not
been ableto learn that there are any male descendants now in the county,
except Hr. Berry of Crediton, above mentioned.

Arms : — G., 3 bars, Or.

Carwithex, of Paunston, in the parish of St. Giles-in-the-Heath. — An
ancient and respectable, but now reduced family, into which the heiress
of Paunston and Bawdon, and a co-heiress of Heo, or Hee, had married.
The present representative is Hr. William Carwithen, of Fairtown, in the
parish of Buckland Honachorum.

Arms : — Argent, a fleur-de-lis, G., a border engrailed of the second.

Copleston, or as the name is written in some pedigrees and other
records, Coplestone. — This ancient family, which had the rank of White
Spur b, was originally of Copleston, in the parish of Colebrook. I believe
it does not exist in the county in the rank, of gentry, except in the person
of the Rev. J. B. Copleston, rector of St. Thomas, (father of the provost
of Oriel College,) descended from a younger branch which had settled in

l> The esquires of the White Spur were so called in the west of England : when so
created by the King, they were vested with a silver spur : it was hereditary to the elder son.
See Spelman and Weever.

Dorset-

DEVONSHIRE. clxxv

Dorsetshire. The family is traced in the pedigrees to the reign of
Edward II. John, the third in descent, married a co-heiress of Graas,
of Teio-n Graas ; his son, of the same name, married the rich heiress of
Hawley, who had married the heiress of Tresilian, by the heiress of Hiwis.
The last-mentioned John had three sons, Philip, ancestor of the Cople-
stons of Copleston and Warleigh ; John, ancestor of those of Exeter c ;
and Walter, ancestor of those of Bowden d, in Yealmton.

Philip Copleston, the head of the family in the reign of Edward IV.,
married the heiress of Bonville of Shute, by the heiress of Wibbery.
The elder line of Copleston failed in three or four descents after the last-
mentioned marriage : the co-heiresses married Elford of Sheepstor and
Bampfylde c : the elder of these left four daughters co-heiresses, one of
whom died unmarried, and the other three were married into the Eortescue
family : from one of these Hugh, Earl Eortescue, is the fourth in descent.

Edward, younger son of Philip Copleston, by the heiress of Bonville,
settled at Bow, alias Nymet Tracey, and was ancestor of the Coplestons
of Instow, and those of Wyke in Little Torrington. The Instow branch
ended in females after two descents. Anthony Copleston, of Wyke or
Week, married the heiress of Larder, of Upton Pynes, and removed
thither. This branch appears to have removed to London, and most
probably is extinct. Sir John Copleston, of Westminster, Knt., had a
son and heir, Disborough : they were both living in 1675.

Ralph Copleston, of Warlegh and Copleston, son of Philip above men-
tioned, had two younger sons ; one of whom, Nicholas, was ancestor of
the Coplestons of Dorsetshire, before mentioned ; and the other of the
Cornish Coplestons, of Otterham and Morwinstow, long since extinct.
A younger son of John Copleston, Esq., of Copleston, (son of Ralph,)
was ancestor of the Coplestons of Woodland in Little Torrington, long
since extinct.

Besides those already mentioned, there was a branch of the Coplestons
settled at Knighteston in Ottery f, and another at Fullingcote, not extinct
in 1630.

<= In the church of St. Mary Arches is a monument for Thomas Copleston, Esq., alderman
of Exeter, who died in 1754-

J The ancestor of this branch, which continued for many generations, married Stone of
Bowden. Thomas Copleston, Esq., the last of this branch, sold Bowden in 1753.

' Ancestor of Sir Copleston Warwick Bampfylde, Bart.

1 They married the heiress of Sherman of Knighteston ; the last of this branch, John Co-
pleston, Esq., died in 1759; the heiress married Hawtrey.

Arms :

clxxvi DEVONSHIRE.

Arms : — Arg., a chevron engrailed between 3 leopards' faces, Azure.
Crest : — A fox passant, Azure.

Cory, of Cory. — John, the first mentioned in the visitation of 1620,
married a co-heiress of Sheviock of Cornwall. The representative of this
family is Mr. Samuel Cory of Holsworthy.

Arms : — Argent a saltier, S., on a chief, Az., 3 cinquefbils, Or.

Dennis, formerly of Orleigh and Holcombe Burnell. — This ancient
family derives its descent from Jellanus Dacus, the Dane, or Le Deneis, who
was lord of Pancras Week in the reign of Henry II. Sir Robert le Deneis,
the fifth in descent from Jellanus, died without male issue ; his sisters and
co-heirs married Ferrers and Kirkham. William, a younger son of Ralph
Dacus, or Le Deneis, was common ancestor of the Dennis's of Orleigh, in
the parish of Buckland Brewer, Bradford, Holcombe Burnell, Bicton, &c.
Sir Alan Dennis, of Holdsworthy, descended probably from a younger
son or brother of the above-mentioned William, appears to have married
the heiress of Manworthy, and was ancestor of the Dennis's of Manwor-
thy and Gidecot, whose heiress, after a few descents, married Butterford. E
The Dennis's of Orleigh married heiresses or co-heiresses of Bolhay,
alias Boway, Esse, Thorn, and GifTard" of Theoborough. This branch
became extinct about the year 1700 ; the co-heiresses married Sir Thomas
Hamson, Bart., and Glynn, of Glynn. John Dennis, a younger son of
the Orleigh branch, in the reign of Edward I., married the heiress of
Dabernon, of Bradford Dabernon, and was ancestor of the Dennis's of
Bradford and of Holcombe Burnell. The heiress of the Bradford branch,
after seven descents, married GifTard of Yeo. This branch had married
the heiresses of Bokerell ', and Christenstow, of Wycroft.

The Dennis's of Holcombe Burnell were descended from Thomas
Dennis, Esq., of Bradford, by a second wife. After a continuance of
five descents at Holcombe, the co-heiresses of Sir Thomas Dennis, who
married a daughter of the Marquis of Winchester, married Sir Henry

* The heiress of Butterford married Mey ; and the heiress of Mey married Gibbes : hence
the family of Gibbes bear the Danish battle-axes in their arms.

h Giffard married the heiress of Uggesworthy, by the heiress of Esse of Theoborough.

1 By the heiress of Hockway, who married the heiress of Goldesly, by the heiress of
Chidersley.

Rolle

DEVONSHIRE. clxxvii

Rolle and Sir Arthur Mainwaring. Sir Thomas Dennis, grandfather of
tire last Sir Thomas Dennis of Holcombe, was sheriff of the county seven,
or, according to Sir William Pole, nine times. The heiress of Don, or
Dune, and a co-heiress of Godolphin, married into this branch. A
younger branch of the Dennis's of Holcombe, was some time of Creed
and Menheniot in Cornwall : another branch was settled, for several gener-
ations, at Whimple ; the Rev. Jonas Dennis, one of the prebendaries of
Exeter castle, is representative of the latter.

The editor of " Prince's Worthies" mentions a branch of the Dennis
family (descended from a younger son of the Orleigh branch) settled at
Windey Cross, near Torrington, of which was Abraham Dennis, con-
temporary with the last of the Orleigh line : his great grandson, Abraham,
married the heiress of Northleigh ; and the grandson of that marriage,
Abraham Freeman Dennis, of Tavistock, is said to have been the last of
the branch. ' This may probably have been the same branch as Dennis of
Malcot, descended from Henry, the fifth son of John Dennis of Orleigh,
by the heiress of Giffard : this Henry married the heiress of Viell of
Malcot; his son Henry, who was of Malcot, a co-heiress of Merifield.
William, the fourth in descent from Henry, was of Malcot, in 1620, and
had male issue. Mr. Nicholas Dennis, now of Teignmouth, is descended
from a branch of this family, long settled at Barnstaple.

Arms of Dennis of Orleigh : — Az. 3 Danish battle-axes, erect, Or.
Dennis of Holcombe bore, Erm., 3 battle-axes, Gules.

Crest : — A tiger's head erased, Ermine.

Gay, of Goldworthy. — The heiress of Curtoys of Goldworthy, and a
co-heiress of Gamond, or Gambon, married into this ancient family,
which came from Hampton Gay in Oxfordshire, and appears to have
settled here about 1420. John Gay, the poet, was of this family ; the
heir male of which appears toTieTTSTr. Lawrence Gay, now of South
Molton.

Arms : — Or, on a fesse, Sab., between 3 escallops, Az., 6 lozenges
conjoined, Argent.

Gidley, of Gidley. — Bartholomew Gidley, of this family, was an
1 Mr. Dennis, an apothecary, of Tavistock, claims descent from this family.

Vol. VI. z officer

clxxviii DEVONSHIRE.

officer in the service of King Charles II.* ; the present representative is
Courtenay Gidley, Esq., of Honiton.

Arms, as exemplified by Edward Byshe, Clarencieux in I67I : — Or,
a castle, Sable, a border of the second bezanty.

Crest : — An eagle issuing, Or, the wings, S., bezanty.

Hill, formerly of Shilston, descended from Sir Robert Hill ', one of
the justices of the Common Pleas in the reign of Henry VI. The Rev.
Charles Hill, rector of Instow, recently deceased, was the representative of
this family. One of his ancestors married a co-heiress of Budockside, or
Butshed : his father married the heiress of Kingswell.

Arms : — Arg., a chevron between 3 water-bougets, Sable.

Honeychurch, of Honeychurch and Aveton Giffard. — This family
was settled at Honeychurch as early as the reign of Henry III. Mr. John
Honeychurch, yeoman, who, jointly with his brother Samuel, possesses
some lands in North Lew, is the present representative of this family.

There was a younger branch settled at Aveton Giffard : Henry Honey-
church, Esq., of this branch, died in 1662.

Arms : — Argent, a dragon's head erased, between 2 mullets in bend,
sinister, G.

Isaac, or Izacke, of Buriatt in Atherington. — This ancient family
was settled at Buriatt as early as the reign of Henry III. The estate has
been long ago alienated, but the family, I am informed, still exists, the
representative living at Newton Tracey, and a younger branch at Newport,
near Barnstaple. There was a branch of this family settled for several

k By an expression in the inscription, on a large silver medallion, (nearly three inches in
diameter) now in the possession of his descendant, it seems that he was in arms for the King
previously to the Restoration. " M. S. Mnemosynon et vel aere perennius Bartholomew
Gidley, Armigeri, Comitatus Devonian, quem non avita magis illustrant insignia quam se sua
virtus illustrior insignivit ; quem Regi suo constantem agnovere res Anglorum versatiles, et
extrema fidelitatis tentamina, pax et bellum. Pro exule Carolo in bello Pratfectum, pro
reduce ad Pacem Justitiarum utroque munere fidelissimum, annos agit 72 Salutis anno 16S3,
non aetate non munere gravatus, nee adhuc dici voluit emeritus." On the reverse are the arms
of Gidley.

1 Sir Robert Hill is supposed by Prince to have been descended from the Hills of Hill
in Kilmington.

generations

DEVONSHIRE. clxxix

generations at Exeter and Heavitree, one of whom wrote a history of
Exeter. Colonel Sebastian Isaac, who died in 1688, and Sebastian Isaac,
M. D., who died in 1693, were of this branch.

Arms : — Sable, a bend, Or ; on a canton, A., a leopard's face, Gules.

Loveis, of Hennock, now a reduced family, into which the heiress of
Upcott had married. Six descents are described in the visitation of 1620.
The representative of this family is said to be Mr. Joseph Loveis, yeoman,
of Bowden in Christow.

Arms : — Or, a chevron engrailed, G., between 3 ducks, Proper.

Crest : — A bear seiant, S., chained and muzzled, Or.

Milford, of Wickington, in South Tawton. — This family had been
settled there some generations before the Visitation in 1620. Risdon
observes that they were said to have been descended from a judge of that
name : but this seems to have been a mistake ; there is no record of a
judge of the name of Milford. No arms are assigned to this family in the
Visitation ; but Risdon says, they bore Argent, 3 oak-leaves in pale,
Proper. Samuel Frederick Milford, Esq., is supposed to be the repre-
sentative of this family, afterwards settled some time at Thorverton.
Mr. Milford bears G., an inescutcheon, Az., within a border, Argent.

Crest : — A griffin seiant, the wings elevated.

Newcombe, of Stanton Drew, afterwards of Exeter. — Three descents
of this family are given in the Visitation of 1620. John Newcombe, Esq.,
of Star Cross, is the representative of this family.

Arms : — Arg., a fesse embattled on the upper side between 2 escallops,
Sable.

Crest : — On a mural crown, Or, a falcon rising, Proper.

Parminter, of Watermouth. — This ancient family had been settled at
Tockington in Gloucestershire, as early as the reign of Henry III. They
removed to Watermouth in the reign of Hen. VII., in consequence of a
marriage with one of the co-heiresses of Reed. m Branches of this family
continued for several descents at Watermouth. Mr. John Parminter, who,
if living, is the representative of the family, is supposed to be leading a

m The other co-heiresses married Adams and Snow.

z 2 wander-

clxxx DEVONSHIRE.

wandering life on the continent. Mrs. Mary Parminter, a cousin, is the
female representative of the family ; an aunt married Mr. Hurlock, an
apothecary, in London, who left male issue. There was another branch, of
Whitfield in Marwood, supposed also to be extinct. William Parminter,
Esq., of this branch, died in South America, in 1737 ; his brother settled
in London. It is not known that there is any male descendant of this
branch. The sister married George Ley, Esq., of Prixford, in Marwood,
ancestor of George Ley, Esq., now of Ley. There are several male
descendants of younger branches, but not in the rank of gentry.

Arms : — A. a saltier between 4 mascles, G., on a chief Vert, a demi-
eagle displayed, with two heads, Or.

Passmere, of Passmere Hayes and of Exeter. — Six descents are des-
cribed in the Visitation of 1620, when there was male issue. William
Passmere, the then representative, had a son and grandson. A younger
branch married the heiress of Seyman, of Swetton in Halberton, settled
there, and was afterwards of Exeter, where there were male descendants
in 1620.

Arms : — Or, a fesse G., between 3 escutcheons of the second, each
charged with a bend Vaire, between 2 cinquefoils of the field ; all within
a border, Azure, bezanty.

Crest : — A demi-leopard, Azure.

Peard, a mercantile family. — Oliver Peard, mayor of Barnstaple in
1565, was afterwards a merchant at Tiverton, where the family continued
for several descents. The heiress married Dickinson.

Arms : — Or, 2 wolves passant, Sable, their mouths bloody, Proper.

Crest : — A tiger's head, Or, pierced through the neck with a demi-
lance rompu, the point, Argent.

Prust, originally of Gorven. — Fifteen descents of this ancient family
are traced in the Visitation of 1620. John Prust, the eighth in descent,
married the heiress of Holman, of Gorven ; his great-grandson, of the
same name, a co-heiress of Drue ; and Hugh, grandson of the last-men-
tioned John, a co-heiress of Anderdon, of Cornwall. The elder branch
removed to Notticott in Hartland, and became extinct more than a
century ago. There are still some male descendants of this family at
Hartland, but not of the rank of gentry. A co-heiress of Davie married

into

DEVONSHIRE. clxxxi

into a younger branch of this family, which was settled at Woolfardiswor-
thy, near Hartlancl. Captain Bartholomew Prust, the last heir male of
this branch, died in 1752. The Rev. Joseph Prust Prust, son and heir of
Joseph Prust Prust, formerly Prust Hamlyn, had a grant from the
Heralds' College, in 1808, to bear the name and arms of Prust.
Arms: — G., on a chief, A., 2 etoiles, Sable.

Rowe, of Lamerton. — Three generations of this family are described
in the Visitation of 1620. The first mentioned in the pedigree married
the heiress of Hill ; the second, a co-heiress of Fitz, of Tavistock. The
elder branch became extinct by the death of the only son of Nicholas
Rowe, the poet. The heiress married Lock, and afterwards Pyle, by both
of whom she had issue. The Rev. John Rowe, rector of Alverdiscott, is
supposed to be descended from a younger branch, settled at Tavistock ;
the son of his elder brother resides in Jamaica.

Arms : — Gules, 3 holy lambs with standards, Argent. In the new
edition of Prince's Worthies, these arms are erroneously appropriated to
Rowe of Kingston.

Southcote, or Southcott, originally of Southcote in Winkleigh. —
This ancient family was of Southcote in the reign of Henry III. The
elder branch, into which the heiresses of Keynes and Pury, and a co-
heiress of Bosum, had married, became extinct in the sixteenth century.
The heiress married Callard. John Southcote, appointed one of the
justices of the King's Bench in 1562, was son of a younger brother of
the last Southcote of this place. " The Southcotes of Indiho, in Bovey
Tracey, and of Mohun's Ottery °, were descended from a second son. Mo-
hun's Ottery was sold by Thomas Southcote, then the representative of
this branch, in I678. At Collumpton is a monument without date, said to

n The Southcotes of Bliborough, in Lincolnshire, were descended from Sir George South-
cote, Knt., who died in 1639, which Sir George was son, or grandson, of the Judge. Sir
George Southcote, grandson of Sir George above mentioned, was created a baronet in 1661 ;
the title became extinct in 16S9, on the death of his only son, Sir George, who was born
after his father's death. Sir George, the son, left two infant daughters, afterwards married to
Smith and Fitzherbert.

0 Mohun's Ottery was acquired by a marriage with a daughter of Carew, who eventually
became heiress of that family.

clxxxii DEVONSHIRE.

be for the last heir male of the Southcote family ; the last probably of this
branch.

Sir George Southcote, of Shillingford, eldest son of Thomas Southcote,
of Indiho, by his third wife, married a co-heiress of Cole, of Buckland
Touissaints, and was ancestor of the late John Henry Southcote, Esq.,
who sold Buckland, and died in 1820.

Another branch of this family, descended from a younger son of South-
cote of Indiho, was of Calverleigh, which was sold before 1700 to Sir
Henry Fane : a co-heiress of Robins married into this branch. A younger
branch of the Southcotes of Calverleigh settled at Dulcis, in Kilmington,
in consequence of a marriage with the heiress of Fiye. The heiress of
the elder son of this branch brought Dulcis to the Hallets : a younger
son settled at Colwell, in OrTwell, having married the heiress of Collins.
The late Michael Southcote, of this line, married the heiress of Popkin,
of Wales : his elder son, erroneously supposing himself descended from
the Southcotes of Bliborough, in Lincolnshire, assumed the title of
baronet ; he died without issue, and his younger brothers, Henry and
Philip, are supposed to be the only male descendants of the family.

Aims : — Arg., a chevron, G., between 3 coots, Proper.

Wise, of Sydenham. — Five descents are described in the Visitation of
1620 : the heiress, as before mentioned, married Tremayne. Younger
branches still remain in the male line. Ayshford Wise, Esq., now
residing at Ford near Newton Abbot, is the representative of a branch
which has been settled for many generations at Totnes.

Arms : — S. 3 chevrons, Erm.

Crest: — A demi-lion rampant, G., guttee, Argent, holding in his
dexter paw a mace, Or.

Woolston, of Tor Newton. — John Woolston, Esq., the represent-
ative of this family, which has been settled here for many generations,
resides abroad.

Arms : — S. a bend between 6 pouches, Argent.

Wollacombe, originally of Wollacombe, in Roborough, or Wollacombe,
in Morthoe0, from nearly the time of the Conquest. — The last heir male

0 See the account of Roborough, p. 427.

DEVONSHIRE. clxxxiii

of this family (into which the heiresses of Barry, alias Atcomb, and
Michaelstow, and a co-heiress of Elford, had married) died in 1707.
The heiress married Stafford p, whose two sons successively took the name
of Wollacombe. Roger left a daughter, married to Langford, whose heiress
married Hammet. Thomas was father of Thomas Wollacombe, Esq.,
who married a co-heiress of Hierne, and was father of the Rev. John Wol-
lacombe, rector of Stowford, the present representative of the family.

Arms : — Argent, 3 bars, Gules.

Crest : — A spur, Or, the rowels, G.

Families known, or supposed, to be extinct since 1620, or removed out of the

County.

Abbot, of Hartland. — The ancestor of this family was grantee of the
abbey, in 1545. William Abbot, Esq., the last heir male, who married a
co-heiress of Milliton, died in 1609. One of the co-heiresses married
Luttrell.

Arms : — S. a cross voided between four eagles displayed, Or.

Addington, of High Bickington. — The last of this family, which came
from London in the reign of Henry VIII., was Thomas Addington, Esq.,
who died in 1668. His sisters and co-heiresses married Incledon, Docton,
and Williams, of Cornwall. The heiress of Cliffe married into this family.

Arms : — Per pale Ermine and Ermines ; between 3 fleur-de-lis, a che-
vron charged with 4. lozenges, all counter-changed.

Crest : — A leopard seiant, Argent, pelletee.

Arscott, of Tetcott. — The Arscotts were originally of Holsworthy.
In the reign of Henry VI., they settled at Dunsland, in Bradford, in con-
sequence of a marriage with the heiress of Batten. This elder branch became

p The Staffords, originally Stowfords, are descended from a branch of the ancient family
of Kaleway, which settling at Stowford (in the parish of Dolton) took the name of De
Stowford. The heiress of Menwenick, of Cornwall, married into this family ; and the
heiress of its elder branch married Sir Thomas Wise, K. B. Younger branches were re- ■
maining in 1620 at Dowland and Ottery St. Mary, and had male issue. The StafFords,1,**^*
Stowfords, bore the arms of Kaleway. See p. clxvii. V

extinct "--

clxxxiv DEVONSHIRE.

extinct in l664<: the heiress married Bickford. A younger branch settled
at Tetcott by purchase, in the reign of Henry VIII. John Arscott, Esq.,
the last of this branch, died in I788 : Sir Arscott Ourry Molesworth, Bart.,
is its representative, in consequence of a marriage of his great-grandfather,
Sir John Molesworth, Bart., who died in 1724. Another younger branch of
Arscott settled at Tidwell, in East Budleigh, having married the heiress
of St. Clere. The estate was sold, and the family removed about 1730.
Arms : — Per chevron, Az. and Erm., 2 stags' heads, caboshed, Or.

Ash, ofSowton. — This family was settled here as early as the reign of
Edward III., most probably a branch of Esse, or Ash, of Ralph Ash.
Henry Ash, Esq., the last heir male, died in 1763. Miss Salter was ad-
judged by the House of Lords, to be heir-at-law, in 1775.

Arms : — the same as Esse.q

Crest : — A cockatrice, Or, legged and beaked, G.

Ashford, or Ayshford, of Ashford, in Burlescomb. — The heiress of
Wadham, and a co-heiress of Whiting, of Wood, married into this family.
John Ayshford, Esq., the last heir male, died in 1688 : the heiress married
Sandford, ancestor of William Ayshford Sandford, Esq., of Ninehead, in
Somersetshire. A branch of this family settled at Wonwell, in Kingston, in
consequence of a marriage with a co-heiress of Hingeston. John Ayshford,
Esq., the last of this branch, died in 1732: the heiress married Wise, now
represented by Ayshford Wise, Esq.

Arms: — Argent, 3 Ash-crops, Vert, between '2 chevronels, S.

Crest: — Issuing out of a wreath of leaves, Proper, a man's head side-faced.

Atwell, from an early period at Exeter. — Dr. Atwell, some time
rector of Exeter College, in Oxford, was of this family.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron, S., a pile in point, counter-changed.

Atwood, or Wood, of Ashridge, in North Tawton. — This family was
not extinct in Sir William Pole's time, when they were called Wood : they
had possessed Ashridge from the reign of Edward III. A daughter of
Christopher AVood, Esq., who probably was the last of the family, mar-
ried Gregory, and died in 1719.

Anns : — S. semee of acorns, Or, a lion rampant, Argent.

1 See p. clxv.

Balle,

DEVONSHIRE. clxxxv

Balle, of Mamhead, originally of Balle-Hayes, in Axminster, married
the heiress of Torriton and Bridges : extinct, 1749.
Arms : — Argent, a chevron between 3 fire-balls, G.
Crest : — An arm holding a fire-ball, Proper.

Barkleigh, of Kingsbridge and Oakenbury. — Four descents are de-
scribed in the visitation of 1620 : not extinct in 1675.
Arms : — S. a fesse Erm., between 3 cinquefoils, Argent.

Barnefield, of Mambury, in East Putfordi married the heiress of
Mambury : extinct in 1759 : the heiress married Philips.

Barry, of Winscot. — The ancestor of this family married the heiress of
Winscot, in the reign of Richard II., and from the arms it appears likely
that he was of the Berry Narbor family. Michael Barry, the last heir
male of the elder branch, died in the reign of Charles I. : the heiress married
Tripcony, who died without issue. A younger brother of this family
married a co-heiress of Wike, of Bindon : his grandson was of Buckfast-
leigh, in 1620, and had male issue.

Arms : — Barry of six, A. and G. A crescent on a crescent for dif-
ference.

Crest : — A wolf's head, Sable,

Batishall, of East Week, in South Tawton, seven generations before
1620: not extinct in 1675. The heiress of Wood, of Bridestowe, married
into this family.

Arms : — Az., a cross-crosslet saltier-ways, between 4 owls, Argent.

Bickford, of Dunsland. — The Bickfords were, at an early period, of
Bickford, in Plympton St. Mary. William Bickford, Esq., who died in
16.59, married the heiress of Arscott, of Dunsland. Arscott Bickford,
Esq., the last heir male of this ancient family, died in I8I7. One of his
sisters and co-heiresses married Philip Furse, Esq., by whom she had no
issue ; the other, the Rev. William Holland Coham.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron engrailed between 3 martlets.

'»■

Bidgood, of Rockbeare. — Chappie says, that the name of this family

appears in deeds of 1453. Dr. John Bidgood, as appears by Prince's

Worthies, made his fortune as a physician, and died in 1690 : his descend-

Vol. VI. a a ant,

clxxxvi DEVONSHIRE.

ant, the late Charles Bidgood, Esq., who died in 1813, was the last of the
the family : his widow now possesses the estate. His sister married
Drewe.

Arms : — Argent, on a chief engrailed, Az., a tortoise, Proper.

Bidlake, of Bidlake, in Bridestowe. — This family had been settled
here as early as the year 1 154. William Bidlake, the representative of the
family, died an infant in 171S; two of his sisters and co-heirs married
Herring and Hiern : Phillippa, the third, died unmarried in 1792. It is
probable, that the late Dr. Bidlake, of Plymouth, was of a younger branch
of this family.

Arms : — Gules, a fesse between 3 pigeons, Argent.

Blagdon, of Blagdon, in Clawton, married the heiress of Downe, or
Downing, and a co-heiress of Browne. There was male issue at the time
of the visitation, in 1620. In 1685, John Blagdon, Esq., who married the
heiress of Crossing, (being probably of the same family,) was of Northcote,
in Honiton. The namesake and representative of the last-mentioned
Blagdon resides in Gloucestershire. There are no arms assigned to
Blagdon in the visitation of 1620. Edmondson gives the arms of Blagdon,
of Devonshire, thus, Az., 3 trefoils slipped, Argent, on a chief indented,
Or, 2 annulets, Gules.

Bodley, of Dunscombe, in Crediton, six generations before 1620.

The place was sold and the family removed before 1700. The heiresses
of Tremell, or Trenvill, and Hurst, married Bodley. Sir Thomas Bodley,
founder of the Bodleian Library, at Oxford, was of a younger branch of
this family.

Arms : — Argent, 5 martlets in saltier, S. on a chief, Az., 3 crowns, Or.

Bremridge, or Bremebrig, in Sandford, in the time of King John

John Bremridge, the representative of this ancient family, died without
issue : his sister married the father of Richard Melhuish, Esq., now of
Bremridge. There were younger branches of this family at Kenne, and at
Exeter.

Broughton, of Warbrightesley, in Stoodleigh. — John Broughton, in
the reign of Henry VI., married a co-heiress of Crukerne, of this place.

Hugh,

DEVONSHIRE. clxxxvii

Hugh, the fifth in descent from John, married a co-heiress of Estcott.
Mr. Arthur Broughton, the last of this family, died in 1734.
Arms : — Argent, a chevron between 3 mullets, G.

Burgoyne, of South Tawton, — A younger branch of the Bedfordshire
family of that name, continued here for several generations, having mar-
ried the heiresses of Sheldon, Stoning, and Courtenay. The heiress of
the Burgoynes married Jackson, of Exeter. William Courtenay Bur-
goyne, Esq., died in 1750.

Arms : — Az., a talbot passant, Argent, on a mullet, Or, a crescent S.,
for difference.

Burnaby, of Burnaby, in Bratton Clovelly, seven generations before
1620; not extinct in 1630. — There are no traces of them in the parish-
register after 1603. It is probable, that the descendant who possessed
the estates in Sir William Pole's time, sold it and removed out of the
county.

Arms : — Az., two bars embattled, Ermine.

Cabell, of Buckfastleigh. — About six descents ; not extinct in I675.
Arms : — S. a horse upright, Argent, bridled, Or.

Callard, of Callard, in Burrington. — Seven descents of this family are
described in the visitation of 1620. In the preceding century, the heiress
of Southcote had married into this family. It is probable, that the estate
was sold not long after the time above mentioned. There were younger
branches at Tavistock and Winkley.

There was a family of this name at Ford, near Axminster. Amos Cal-
lard, Esq., of Ford, who died in 17-17> had a nephew of the name of John.
This family is supposed also to be extinct.

Arms : — Gyronny of 6, Or, and S., 3 Moors' heads side-faced, Proper,
filleted, Argent.

Crest : — a demi-lion rampant, S., holding a scaling ladder, Or.

Calwoodley, of Calwoodley, now Calverley, traced to the time of King
John. — The elder branch became extinct in the reign of Henry VIII. : the
heiress married Arundell. There was a younger branch at Up-loman, the
last heir male of which died about the year 1750. A younger branch was
settled at Padstow, whence they removed to London.

a a 2 Arms :

clxxxviii DEVONSHIRE.

Arms : — Az., a pair of wings, Argent, over all a fesse, G., charged with
3 bezants.

Crest : — A falcon's claw, Az., with a bell, Or, surmounted by a wing,
Argent.

Champneys, of Yarnscombe. — About six descents; extinct in 1681.
The heiress married Cottle.
- Arms : — Arg., a lion rampant, Gules, within a border engrailed, Sable.

Charles, of Tavistock. — Five descents to the time of Queen Elizabeth,
married the heiress of Forde.

Arms : — Erm., on a chief wavy, G., an eagle displayed, Or.

Clevland, of Tapley. — The family of Clevland were settled at
Tapley, in Westleigh, early in the last century. The sisters and co-heirs
of the late John Clevland, Esq., M. P. for Barnstaple, who died in 1817,
married Ibbetson and Saltren.

Arms : — Az., a hare salient, Or, to the collar a bugle-horn pendent,
Sable.

Crest : — A cubit arm erect, vested, Az., cuffed, Argent, holding in
the hand, Proper, a dagger, Or.

Cloberry, of Bradstone. — This ancient family had resided at Brad-
stone for eleven descents in 1620. The heiress, in the year 1711, married
Robert Glynn, Esq., father of Stephen Glynn, M. D., of King's College,
Cambridge, who died without issue in 1800. An heiress of Rous mar-
ried into this family.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron between 3 bats, Sable.

Crest : — An antelope's head erased, Argent, attired, Or.

Clotworthy, of Clotworthy. — This ancient family had been settled
here as early as the reign of King Edward I. Mr. Simon Clotworthy, the
representative, died in 1755 ; and Robert Clotworthy, who seems to have
been the last male of the family, in 1756. The heiresses of Clement and
Rashleigh married into this family. Sir Henry Clotworthy, a younger son
of this family, was knighted by King James, in Ireland, in 1618, and left
a son, John ; the same perhaps who, in 1660, was created Viscount Mas-
sareene, with remainder to his son-in-law, Sir John Skeffington, ancestor
of the late Earl of Massareene, who died in 1816, leaving an only daugh-
ter, now Viscountess Massareene in her own right.

Arms :

DEVONSHIRE. clxxxix

Arms : — Az., a chevron, Erm., between 3 garlands, Or, leaves, Vert.
Crest : — A stag's head erased, Argent, transfixed with an arrow headed
and fleched of the first.

Cockeram, of Hillersdon in Collnmpton. — Four descents are de-
scribed in the visitation of 1620. There is a monument of this family at
Collumpton, with the date of 1606.

Arms : — Argent on a bend, S., 3 leopards' faces, Or.

Cocke, of Plymouth. — Four descents of this family are described in
the visitation of 1620, when Edmund Cocke, the representative, had a
son and heir, aged two years. Captain William Cocke, a native of
Plymouth, was the only Englishman of note killed in the memorable en-
gagement with the Spanish Armada. If not extinct, this family is reduced :
there are some tradesmen of the name at Plymouth and Dock.

Arms : — A. a ciievron engrailed between 5 griffins' heads, erased, G.,
on a canton, Az., an anchor, Or. It is probable that this was an augment-
ation, granted to the family for the services of Captain Cocke.

Code, or Coade, of Gidley Castle, married the heiress of Damarell of
Gidley, and were representatives, through that of Mules, of the elder
branch of the family of Prous. This family removed to Morvall, in Corn-
wall, having married the heiress of Glynn, of that place : the heiress of
the elder branch married Buller. Edward Coade, Esq., now of St. Austell,
is the representative of a younger branch.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron, G, between 3 Cornish choughs.

Cole, of Slade, — settled there in the reign of Henry IV., and became
extinct, in the elder branch at least, in the reign of Charles I. The
heiresses of Walcot and Hill, and a co-heiress of Luce, married into this
family. Richard Cole, Esq., bequeathed the estate to — Cole, of
London.

Arms : — Argent, a bull passant, Sab., within a border of the second,
bezanty.

A family of the same name, bearing an ass passant, were lords of
Bokeish, in Wool fardis worthy. The Rev. Potter Cole, the last of this
family, was rector of Hawksbury in Gloucestershire, where he died, in
1802, at the advanced age of 96, having been rector of that parish above

seventy

i^"

cxc DEVONSHIRE.

seventy years : he bequeathed Bokeish to his nephew, the Rev. William
Loggin, who took the name of Cole, and was father of the Rev. William
Loggin, the. present owner of Bokeish. This family of Cole were some
time resident at Enstone, in Oxfordshire.

Colman, originally of Gornhay in Tiverton, afterwards of Hillersdon
in Collumpton. — A co-heiress of Searle married into this family, eight
generations of which are to be traced in Devonshire. Francis Colman,
Esq., the representative and last heir male of this family, died in 1820. "

Arms : — Per fesse, Arg. and Sab., a cross flory between 4 mullets, all
counterchanged.

Columb, or Culme, of Molland Saracen. — Sir William Culme lived
in the reign of Edward I. The heiress of Walter married into this family,
which became extinct, in the elder branch, by the death of Hugh Culme,
or Columb, Esq., in 16.58. A younger branch became extinct by the
death of John Culme, Esq., of Tothill, in 1804. : his son, who died in
his father's lifetime, left two daughters, co-heiresses. Sir Thomas Gery
Cullum, Bart., of Hawsted, in Suffolk, is said to have been descended from
this family ; but the late Sir John Cullum, in his history of Hawsted,
seems to doubt it. They were settled in Suffolk previously to 1454. They
bear however the same arms.

Arms : — Az., a chevron, Era., between 3 pelicans, wings expanded,
Or.

Crest : — A lion seiant, Proper, supporting a Corinthian column.

Cooke, of Thorne, in the parish of Ottery, married the heiress of
Thorne, and continued for several descents. John Cooke, Esq., the last
of this family, died in 1632 : the heiress married Misson.

Arms : — Erm., on a bend cottised, G., 3 cat-a-mountains, Argent.

Crest : — A demi-leopard gardant, Or, supporting a branch of oak,
fructed, Or.

Cottle, of Sampford Peverell, by marriage with a co-heiress of Peverell.
The heiresses of Cahurta, Godfrey, Bodigood, and Browne, married into

i Mr. Colman's mother was sister of Edward, the eighth duke of Somerset : his daughters
and co-heiresses married, 1. Collins, and afterwards Shiell ; 2. Pettiward, of Finborough-hall,
Suffolk; 3. Trafford, of Trafford, in Lancashire.

this

DEVONSHIRE. cxci

this family, of which there was male issue in 1620 : a younger branch,
settled at North Tawton, was not extinct in 1720 ; but none of the family
now remain.

Arms : — Or, a bend, G.

Crest : — A tiger seiant, on a ducal crown.

Courtenay, of Molland Bottreaux. — Descended from Sir Philip
Courtenay, a younger son of Sir Philip Courtenay, of Powderham, who
settled at this place in consequence of a marriage with the daughter of Lord
Hungerford. John Courtenay, Esq., the last heir male of this branch,
died in 1732 : the co-heiresses married Chichester and Paston : a daughter
of the latter married Throckmorton. George Throckmorton, Esq.,
brother of the late Sir John Throckmorton, Bart., took the name of
Courtenay ; but upon succeeding to his brother's title, resumed that of
Throckmorton ; and in 1819 his younger brother, Charles Throckmorton,
took the name of Courtenay.

Arms : — The same as Lord Courtenay, with due difference.

Courtenay, of Walreddon. — Descended from James, fifth son of
Sir William Courtenay, (the sixth of that name,) by Margaret, daughter
of Sir William Wallis. The ancestor of William Courtenay, Esq., now of
Walreddon, settled at this place about 1694 : extinct by the death of
William Courtenay, Esq., in 1787.

Arms : — The same as Lord Courtenay, with due difference.

Croker, or Crocker, of Lyneham, in Yealmton. — The ancestor of
this family, who settled at Lyneham before the year 1400, was son of
John Crocker, Esq., of Hele. Courtenay Crocker, Esq., the last heir male
of this family, died in 1740 ; one of his co-heiresses married Bulteel of
Fleet. The heiress of Corim of Hemeidon had married into this family.

A younger branch was of Windsor in Yealmton, and afterwards of Bovey
Tracey. There was a younger branch of this family at St. Agnes, in
Cornwall.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron engrailed, G., between 3 crows, Proper.

Cruwys, of Morchard Cruwys. — This ancient family was settled at
Morchard and Netherex nearly from the time of the Conquest. The
Netherex branch became extinct in or about the reign of Edward I., when

five

cxcii DEVONSHIRE.

five co-heiresses married Lucy, St. Clere, Lucombe, Reis, and Whifield.
The co-heiresses of a younger branch, settled at Anstey Cruwys, married
Norton and Pollard, in the fourteenth century. The Morchard Cruwys,
which I believe was the elder line, became extinct by the death of the
late Dr. Henry Shortridge Cruwys, in 1S04 : his daughters and co-heir-
esses married Sharland and Melhuish. Prince observes that no heiress had
rparried into this family.

Arms : — Az., a bend, per bend dauncettee, A. and G., between G
escallops, Or.

Crest : — On a mount, Vert, a stork, Proper, holding in the dexter foot
an escallop, Or.

Crymes, of Buckland Monachorum. — The late Amos Crymes, vicar
of Buckland Monachorum, and of Lovicombe House, in that parish, was
representative of the family of Crymes, who were the original grantees of
the abbey after the dissolution : he married the heiress of Andrews, of
Thornton House, in South Wales, where his eldest son, Amos Crymes,
M. A., of the University of Oxford, at present resides.

Arms : — Or, 3 bars, G., charged with 2 martlets on the upper, and 1
on the lower bar, Argent, a chief nebulee, A. and S.

Crest : — A martlet, Vert.

Cudmore, of Loxbear. — Four descents of this family are described in
the visitation of 1620. Daniel Cudmore, Esq., the last heir male, died
in 1723.

Arms : — Argent, a fesse nebulee, G., between 3 spread eagles,
Sable.

Culme. — See Columb.

Dillon, of Chimwell, in Bratton Fleming, and of Wroughton and Hart,
in Heanton Punchardon. — Thomas Dillon settled in this county in con-
sequence of having married a co-heiress of Fleming. Chimwell was sold
in the reign of Charles I. Sir William Dillon, of the Heanton branch,
married an heiress of Chichester. The Dillons of Chimwell removed
about the middle of the seventeenth century to Farthingoe, in Northamp-
tonshire.

Arms :

DEVONSHIRE. cxciii

Arms : — Argent, a lion rampant between 4 crescents surmounted by as
many etoiles, G., over all a fesse, Azure.

Crest : — A clemi-lion issuing and holding a crescent, surmounted by an
etoile, as in the arms.

Dinham, of Wortham. — The ancestor of this branch of the ancient
and baronial family of Dinham, or Dynham, married the heiress of Wor-
tham, of Wortham, in the parish of Lifton, in the reign of Richard II.
The heiress of Westmanton, and a co-heiress of Westlake, married into
this branch. One of the co-heiresses of John Dynham, Esq., who died
in 1641, married Hicks, whose heiress married Harris. George Dynham,
Esq., probably of a younger branch, died in 1773- I cannot find that
any of the male line now remain.

Arms : — G. 4 lozenges conjoined in fesse, Erm., a border of the last.

Crest : — An arm couped, Or, the hand, Argent, holding a lock of
hay, Sable.

Docton, of Docton in Hartland. — Philip Docton, Esq., the last of
this ancient family, died in 1742. William Waddon Martyn, Esq., is the
representative. The heiress of a branch of this family, which had been
settled in Cornwall, and was afterwards of Whitleigh, in St. Budeaux,
married Gennys. Sir Richard Docton, of this family, who died in 1623,
was one of the justices of the King's Bench.

Arms : — Argent, a crescent, S., on a chief, G., 2 crescents, Or.

Crest : — A fleur-de-lis, Sable.

Downe, of East Downe, Tutshill, Barnstaple, &c. — The heiress of the
elder branch of this ancient family married the ancestor of the Rev. John
Pine Coffin, in the reign of Edward III. A younger branch was of Tutshill
in Pilton : the heiress of this branch married Ley, of Comb Martin. One of
the ancestors of another branch, which was of Barnstaple and Holds-
worthy, married a sister of Bishop Jewell ; his son, who was rector of
Instow, died in 1631 ; his grandson, Henry Downe, M.D., was settled at
Barnstaple. The grandson of Dr. Downe, who was of Borough, in
Northam, married the heiress of Phillips of Cornwall. Henry Downe, Esq.,
the last of this family, died in 1805. His daughter married Robert Barton,
Esq., Vice-Admiral of the Blue, now of Borough.

Arms : — Gules, a buck's head caboshed, Erm., attired, Or.
Vol. VI. b b Dowrish,

cxciv DEVONSHIRE.

Dowrish, of Dowrish, in Sandford. — Henry Dowrish, Esq., the last
heir male of this ancient family, which had been settled at Dowrish at
least as early as the reign of Henry III. died in 1717-

Arms : — Argent, a bend cottised, Sab., a border engrailed of the
second.

Duck, of Heavitree and Mount Radford. — Nicholas Duck, Esq., of
this family, was recorder of Exeter in the reign of James I. Richard
Duck, Esq., the last heir male, died in 1755. The co-heiresses of this
family married Byrdall and Roach ; the former died without issue. Jerom
Roach, Esq., captain in the South Devon militia, is representative of the
latter.

Arms : — Or, on a fesse wavy, S., 3 fusils of the first.

Duke, of Otterton. — William Duke, the ancestor of this family, who
was a citizen of Exeter, married a co-heiress of Poer, of Poers Hayes, in
the reign of Richard II. : one of the co-heiresses of Cossington, of Kent,
appears to have married into this family also at an early period, and in
later times a co-heiress of Reynell, of Creedy Wiger. Robert Duke, Esq.,
the last heir male of this family, died in 1755 r ; his sisters married Doidge,
Yonge, and Taylor, the former died without issue ; the Rev. Duke Yonge,
of Cornwood, is the present representative of the family.

Arms : — Per fesse, Arg. and Az., 3 chaplets counterchanged.

Dyer, of Yard, in Malborough. — Four descents of this family are
described in the Visitation of 1620. The heiress of Martin of Malbo-
rough married into this family, which became extinct about 1700. The
heiress married Savery.

Arms : — Or, a chief indented, Gules.

English, of Stockley English. — . The heiress of the elder branch mar-
ried Champernowne at an early period. A younger branch was of Brad-
ninch, in 1G20, and had male issue.

Arms : — Sab., 3 lioncels rampant, Argent.

' Upon the death of Robert Duke, Esq., most of his estates passed under the will of Richard
Duke, who died in 1741, to John Heath, Esq., nephew of the said Richard, who took the
name of Duke, but died without issue ; when the estates passed to the sisters and co-hiresses
of Robert Duke, as right heirs of Richard above mentioned.

Erle,

DEVONSHIRE. cxcv

Erle, of Bindon, in Axmoutli. — Walter Erie, Esq., descended from an
ancient Somersetshire family, settled at Bindon, having acquired that
estate and Cliarborough, the seat of the family in Dorsetshire, by a
marriage with a co-heiress of Wikes ; his grandson, Sir Walter, who was an
officer in the parliamentary army, married the heiress of Dymock. General
Thomas Drax, who died in 1720, was the last heir male of the family.
The heiress of Erie having married Ernley; the heiress of Ernley, Drax ; and
the heiress of Drax, Grosvenor ; Richard Edward Erie Drax Grosvenor,
Esq., M.P., is the present representative of this family.

Arms : — G. 3 escallops, Argent, a border engrailed of the second.

Eveleigh, of Eveleigh, in Broad Gist. — Sir William Pole speaks of
the Eveleighs as having been of good antiquity at tins place : four de-
scents are described in Glover's visitation, made in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth. They are not mentioned in the visitation of 1620. I do not
find that there are any of the name now in the county. Dr. Eveleigh, the
late provost of Oriel College, was of this family.

Arms : — Per pale, Or and S., a chevron between 3 griffins, passant,
counterchanged.

Floier, or Floyer, of Floier Hayes, in the parish of St. Thomas, near
Exeter, removed into Dorsetshire in the seventeenth century. The
heiresses of Dunstanville, Clive, Basse, Kirke, and co-heiresses of Crooke,
Martyn, and Wadham, married into this family. The Rev. William Floyer,
vicar of Stinsford, in Dorsetshire, is the present representative.

Arms : — S. a chevron between 3 arrows, Argent.

Ford, of Chagfbrd, &c. — Eight descents of this family are described in
the visitation of 1G20. Prince supposes them to have been descended
from the Fords, of Fordmore, in Moreton Hampsted, settled there as early
as the 12th century; the heiress of that family married Charles, of Tavi-
stock. The Fords, of Chagford, settled there in consequence of a marriage
with the heiress of Hill. John, the fourth in descent, who was of Ashbur-
ton, married the heiress of Hohvell, by whom he had a daughter and
heiress married to St. Clere. The son of a second marriage continued
the family. John Ford, of Bagtor, married the heiress of Drake, of
Spratshays, in Littleham, and was father of Sir Henry Ford, of Nutwell,
who was chief secretary for Ireland, under Arthur Capel, Earl of Essex,

b b 2 and

cxcvi DEVONSHIRE.

and was buried at Woodbury, in 1684 : he left a son Charles, supposed to
have died in his minority, and three daughters, married to Drake, (ancestor
of George Drake, Esq., of Ipplepen,) Holwill, and Egerton. John, second
son of John Ford above mentioned, continued the line at Ashburton ; Mr.
John Ford, who died in 1677» is supposed to have been the last of the
branch : there was another younger branch at Totnes.

Arms : — Party per fesse, A. and S., in chief, a greyhound current ; in
base, an owl within a border engrailed, all counterchanged.

Crest : — A demi-greyhound, charged with a bend, Argent, collar'd, Or,
between 2 apple branches fructed of the second.

Forde, of Fordmore, in the parish of Plymtree. — George Forde, the last
heir male of this ancient family, which had been settled at Fordemore as
early as the reign of Edward I., died in 1702. The co-heiresses married
Jope and Chave.

Arms as described by Sir William Pole. — A castle Argent, in the port
a cross formee ; over all a ducal crown, Or.

Fountaine, of Bawcomb, in Ugborough. — It is probable that the an-
cestor of this family, which resided for several generations at Bawcomb,
and possessed a moiety of the estate, married a co-heiress of Bawcomb.

Arms : — A. 3 bars gemelles, G. on a canton, Az., a lion passant, Or.

Fraunceis, of Fraunceis Court, in Broad Clist, settled at this place in or
about the reign of Edward II., married the heiress of Hele. They removed
to Combe Flory, in Somersetshire : one of the co-heiresses married Pri-
deaux ; the descendants bore the name of Fraunceis, and were ancestors of
John Fraunceis Gwynn, Esq., now of Forde Abbey.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron engrailed, between 3 mullets, Gules.

Frye, of Yartye, settled at Yartye, in the reign of Henry IV., in conse-
quence of a marriage with the heiress of Yartye. Robert Frye, Esq., the last
of the elder branch, died in 1726 : the heiress married a collateral ancestor
of Lord King. There were younger branches of this family at Deer
Park, Wood, and Dulcis. Henry Frye, Esq., the last of the Deer Park
branch, died in 1772. The heiress of the Dulcis branch, which had been
extinct a considerable time before, married Southcote.

Arms : — G. 3 horses current, Argent.

Fursland,

DEVONSHIRE. cxcvii

Fursland, of Bickington, near Ashburton. — Seven descents of this
family, which had married the heiress of Whitchurch, are described in the
visitation of 1620. One of the co-heiresses of this family, which was soon
afterwards extinct in the male line, married Wood.

Arms : — Or, a lion rampant, S., between 3 crosses formee fitchee,
Gules.

Garland, originally of Garland, in Chulmleigh ; afterwards, in con-
sequence of a marriage with the co-heiress of Whitfield, of Whitfield, in
Marwood. — John Garland, Esq., the last of this ancient family, died in
1710 ; the estate had been previously sold, and his only daughter died un-
married, in a state of poverty.

Arms : — Or, 3 pales, G., a chief per pale, G. and Az. ; on the dexter
side, a garland ; on the sinister, a demi-lion rampant, Or.

GiPfard, of Halesbury and Brightleigh. — This ancient family is de-
scribed as maternally descended from the Giffards, Earls of Buckingham-
shire, whose name was assumed by Robert, the common ancestor of the
Devonshire Giffards, in the reign of Henry II. Sir Walter GifTard was of
Aveton Giffard, and of Weare GifTard, in the reign of Henry III. The
heiress of the elder branch married Trewen. Bartholomew GifTard, a
younger son of this family, settled at Halesbury in the reign of Edward I.
This branch, into which the heiress of Smith, of Totnes, had married,
became extinct about the middle of the seventeenth century, by the death
of John GifTard, Esq., who left Halesbury to the Giffards, of Brightleigh,
descended from Sir Roger GifTard, a younger son of the Halesbury family,
who had settled at Brightleigh in consequence of a marriage with the
heiress of Cobleigh, in the early part of the sixteenth century. Hardinge
GifTard, Esq., the immediate descendant and representative of this branch,
is now Chief Justice of Ceylon. A younger brother of Mr. Giffard's
father resided some years ago at Atherington, and left male issue, but
I cannot learn that any of the family are now living in Devonshire.
There was a younger branch settled at Instow ; one of the co-heiresses
of which married Berry ; and another younger branch, of Tiverton
Castle. The grandson of Roger GifTard, Esq., who died in 1603, was
the last of this branch j his daughter and heiress married Burgoyne.
Another branch was of Milton Damarell and Tapelegh in 1620. Tapelegh
was sold by the Giffards about the beginning of the last century.

Arms :

cxcviii DEVONSHIRE.

Arms of Giffard : — Sab., 3 lozenges conjoined in fesse, Ermine.
Crest : — A cock's head erased, Or, holding in the beak a sprig of 3
leaves, Vert.

Gilbert, of Tackbeare, in Bridgerule, and of North Petherwin. — This
family, which, as residents of Tackbeare, should have been inserted among
the Cornish families, was descended from a younger son of the family of
Gilbert, otherwise Kniveton, of Derbyshire. They had been settled at
Tackbeare for five descents in 1620. John Gilbert, grandson of William,
who came out of Derbyshire, married an heiress of Pomeroy. The heiress
of this family married Amy. s A younger branch was of North Petherwin,
in this county, in 1620.

The Arms ascribed to this family, in the visitation of that year, (a fesse
between 3 crescents,) are those of Rossington, of Derbyshire, whose heiress
married Gilbert. The Arms of Gilbert, alias Kniveton, as described in the
visitation of Derbyshire, are Gules, a bend Vaire, A. and S.

Crest : — A griffin's head, Gules, beaked, Or, issuing out of a ducal c6ro-
net of the second.

Giles, of Bowden, in Ashsprington. — Four descents of this family, into
which the heiress of Tuckerman, and a co-heiress of Drewe, of Hayne, had
married, are described in the visitation of 1620. The heiress of John
Giles, Esq., who died in I676, married Sir Richard Gipps. There was a
family of the same name settled at Dean Prior, soon after the Reform-
ation. Sir Edward Giles, who died in 1642, and has a monument in Dean
Prior church, seems to have been the last of this family.

Arms : — Per chevron, Argent and Az., a lion rampant, counter-changed.

Crest : — A hand erased, Or, holding a bough of apples, fructed of the
second.

Glanville, of Halwell, in Whitchurch, of Tavistock, and of Kilworthy,
in Tavistock. — This ancient family settled at Halwell about the year
1400. Nicholas Glanville, its representative, was of Tavistock, and
aged 23, in 1620 : a second branch was then of Launceston, in Corn-
wall. Halwell, their original residence, was sold by the family in
the last century. John Glanville, the representative of the elder branch, is

6 See the History of Cornwall.

DEVONSHIRE. cxcix

(/ in the service of Arthur Kelly, Esq., of Kelly. John Glanville, of this
family, one of the justices of the King's Bench, in the reign of Elizabeth,
settled at Kilworthy, and died in 1(J00. The grand-daughter of his elder
son (being heiress to her brother) married Kelly, whose heiress married
Manaton. Julius, youngest son of Sir John Glanville, second son of the
Judge, was ancestor of the Glanvilles of Catchfrench, in Cornwall. The
three elder sons of Sir John died without issue.

Arms : — Az., 3 saltiers, Or.

Crest : — On a mount Vert, a stag trippant, Proper.

Hache, of Hache, and North Aller, or Awre, in South Molton. — It does
not appear when these families branched off; it is most probable, that
Hache, of Hache, was the elder : the heiresses of Leigh, Murdach, and
Dirwyn, married into this branch. John Hache, Esq., who died in 1731,
had a grandson Thomas, who died unmarried, leaving a sister. The an-
cestor of Hache, of North Aller, married the heiress of Aller in the reign
of Edward III. The heiress of Horton also married into this branch,
which appears to have become extinct about the year 1750.

Arms : — G. 2 demi-lions passant, couped, Or.

Hals, or Halse, of Kenedon and EfFord. — This was originally a
Cornish family. They settled at Kenedon in the reign of Edward III.
The heiresses of Mewy, Sutcliffe, and Lapflode ; and co-heiresses of Hidon,
Esse, Latimer, Whitlegh, and Speccot, married into this family. Matthew-
Hals, Esq., who lived at Efford in the reign of Charles II., left two daugh-
ters co-heiresses, married to Elford and Trelawney.

Arms : — Argent, a fesse between 3 griffins' heads erased, Sable.

Harlewin, of Ascerton, in Sidmouth, from the time of Henry VI. —
This family was not extinct in the middle of the seventeenth century. '
Arms : — Az., 3 apples, Argent, a file in chief, G.

Haydon, of Boughwood, in Harpford ; Ebford, in Woodbury ; and
Cadhay, in Ottery. — This family is traced in the pedigrees to the reign of
Edward IV. They had married the heiresses of Weeks, of Honeychurch,
and Tiderleigh, of Tiderleigh. In consequence of a marriage with the
heiress of Cadhay, the Haydons settled at Cadhay in the sixteenth century.

' John Harlewin, Esq., of Sidmouth, who died in 1658, left two sons.

This

cc DEVONSHIRE.

This family has been many years removed from Devonshire : the present
representative is William Haydon, Esq., of Crewkerne, in Somersetshire,
a lieutenant in the navy.

Anns : — Argent, 3 bars gemelles, Az., on a chief, G., a bar dauncettee,
Or.

Crest : — A lion preying on a bull.

. Hayne, of Fuge, in Blackauton, settled there for several generations :
extinct in the male line by the death of Charles Hayne, Esq., in 1821.
His devisee, a grandson of John Seale, Esq., of Mount Boone, who
married his sister, is to take the name when of age.

Hey wood, of Maristow, married the heiress of Modyford ; James Mody-
ford Heywood, Esq., the last of this family, died in 1798. His daughters
and co-heiresses married Musters, of Nottinghamshire, Bertie, Montolieu,
and Orby Hunter.

Arms : — Argent, 3 torteauxes in bend between 2 cottises, G., within a
border of the second.

Crest : — A falcon on a stump, Proper.

Hillersdon, originally of Hillersdon, in Collumpton. — This ancient
family was settled at Membland, in Holbeton, as early as the reign of
Henry VI., and continued there till 1630, or later. Heiresses of Grim-
ston, Edgecumbe, and Snape, and a co-heiress of Clisdon, had married into
this family.

Arms : — Argent, on a chevron Sable, 3 bulls' heads caboshed of the
first.

Crest : — A squirrel cracking a nut.

Hody, of Netheway, in Brixham. — Sir John Hody, of Stowel, in So-
mersetshire, acquired this place in marriage with the heiress of Cole, who
had a residence also at Pillesdon, in Dorsetshire ; his son, Sir John Hody,
Chief Justice of the King's Bench, married the heiress of Jewe, of Whit-
field, and Beerhall, in Devon ; the posterity of his elder son continued at
Netheway for several descents. John Hody, Esq., sold Netheway in
1696, and left Devon. Edmund Hody, M.D., of this branch, was of
London in 1750. Hugh and Arthur, two younger sons of Christopher
Hody, Esq., of Netheway, who wrote their name Huddy, were of Brixham

DEVONSHIRE. cci

in 1620 : the co-heiresses of Hugh married Burland, of Dorsetshire, and
Hody, of Northover, in Somersetshire. Sir William Hody, second son of
the Lord Chief Justice, was Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and ancestor of
the Hody's of Pillesdon, in Dorsetshire, and Crewkerne, in Somersetshire.
Robert Hody, Esq., who was of Crewkerne in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, had two sons ; John, the elder, who was of Beer-hall, (Thorn-
combe,) in Devon, left an only daughter married to Bowditch ; the next
son was ancestor of the Hodys, of Northover, in Somersetshire; of which
branch was the learned Dr. Humphry Hody, archdeacon of Oxford, who
died in I7O6.

Arms of Hody : — Argent, a fesse party, per fesse indented, V. and S.
between two cottises counterchanged.

Crest : A bull passant, Argent.

Hext, of Kingston. — Removed into Cornwall.

Holcombe, of Hole. — Seven descents of this family are described in
the visitation of 1620. Thomas Holcombe, the representative, was then
a comedian at one of the theatres in London.

Arms: — Az., a chevron, Argent, between 3 men's heads, Or, filleted
of the second.

Holland, of Weare, in Topsham, Shipwash, and Black Torrington. —
Descended from John, fourth son of Robert Lord Holland, who died in
or about 1328, and brother of Thomas Holland, ancestor of the Earls
and Duke of Exeter of that family. This John married the heiress of
Sir Andrew Metsted, who was lord of Shipwash in 1314, and had mar-
ried the heiress of Bathe, of Weare. The heiresses of Holsworthy, Apple-
dore, and Thorne of Upcott, married also into this family. John Holland,
Esq., great grandson of the last-mentioned marriage, and the last heir male,
died in 1703 ; his sisters and co-heiresses married Coham, of Coham,
and Coham, of Bovacot. The Rev. William Holland Coham, descended
from the elder, is the representative of this ancient family.

Arms : — Az., a lion between 3 fleur-de-lis, Or.

Holway, of Watton, in Stoke Gabriel. — James Holway, Esq., the last
Vol. VI. c c of

ecu

DEVONSHIRE.

of this family, which had married the heiress of Fishacre, by the heiress
of Watton, died in IG96. The co-heiresses married Blackmore and
Windsor.

Arms : — Sable, 2 swords in saltier, Argent, the points downwards.

Huckmore, or Hockmore, of Bokeyt, in Little Hempston ; and Buck-
land Baron, in Comb-in-Teignhead. — The ancestor of this family married
the heiress of Bokeyt, about the latter end of the fourteenth century. The
third in descent married the heiress of Folkeray, of Buckland Baron. Sir
Gregory Hockmore, who appears to have been the last heir male of this
family, died in I67S ; his heiress married the father, or grandfather, of the
late Mr. Justice Gould, whose co-heiresses married Luttrell, and Richard,
Earl of Cavan.

Arms : Per chevron, Or, and S. ; in chief, 2 pair of sickles conjoined,

Argent, handles, Or ; in base a moor-cock, bill and wattles, G.

Crest : — A falcon, Proper, seizing on a moor-cock, as in the arms.

Hunt, of Exeter and Chudleigh, traced to about the year 1500 in the
Heralds' visitation of 1620, — appears not to have been extinct before the
year 1730, when the last burial of that name occurs in the Chudleigh re-
gister.

Arms : — Az., on a bend, between 2 water bougets, Or, 3 leopards' faces,
Gules.

Crest : — On a mount, V., a hound seiant, Or, collared, G., chained to a
pikestaff, S., the head per pale, Or, and Argent.

Kelland, of Painsford, in Ashprington, — married the heiress of So-
master. John Kelland, Esq. the last of this family, died in 1712 : his co-
heiresses married Stafford, Coffin, and Courtenay.

Arms: — Sab., a fesse Argent, in chief, 3 fleur-de-lis of the last.

Crest : — A demi-tiger salient, Or, maned, Argent.

Kirkham, originally of Ashcomb, (temp. Henry III.) afterwards, (by
marriage with the heiress of Dennis, temp. Edward I.) of Blagdon, in
Paignton. — The heiress of this family, into which the heiresses of Scob-
hull and Ferrers had married, brought Blagdon, in the seventeenth cen-
tury, to Sir George Blount, Bart, of Oxfordshire. There was a younger

branch

DEVONSHIRE. cciii

branch of this family at Pinhoe, descended from a younger son of Sir
John Kirkham, who lived in the reign of Henry VII. William Kirkham,
Esq., of Pinhoe, died in 1659. I have not been able to trace them lower,
but it is probable, that Thomas Kirkham, Esq., who sold the manor of
Ringmore in 1759, was of this branch.

Arms : — Argent, 3 lions rampant, G., a border engrailed, Sable.

Crest : — A lion's head erased, Argt.

Knapman, of Throwleigh, — had been settled there for five generations
in 1620 : the heiress married North more. There were two younger
branches of this family settled at Chagford, and Drewe's Teignton. The
Chagford branch had married a co-heiress of Newcombe ; the other a co-
heiress of Cove, of St. Thomas.

Arms : — Or, on a cross, A., between 4 Cornish choughs, 5 blocks of
tin marked with the letter W.

Leach, of Crediton and Cadleigh. — This family, originally of an hum-
ble origin, flourished for a few generations, and became extinct by the
death of Sir Simon Leach, K. B., in 1708.

Arms : — Erm., on a chief indented, G., 3 ducal coronets, Or.

Leigh, of Borough, in Northam. — Descended from the Leighs of High
Leigh, in Cheshire ; married the heiress of Borough, and a co-heiress of
Butler, of Stone in Parkham ; extinct before the middle of the seventeenth
century. The co-heiresses married Basset and Berry.

Arms : — Argent, a lion rampant, G., on a sinister canton of the second,
an escallop, Or.

Crest : — ■ A demi-lion rampant, Erminois, holding an escallop, Argent.

Leigh, of Ridge, in Bishop's Morchard, married the heiress of Ridge.
Ten descents are described in the visitation of 1620, when there was
male issue.

Arms : — Argent, 2 bars, Az., a bend compony, O. and G.

Leigh, of Leigh, near Tiverton and of East Allington. — The heiress
of the elder branch, which became extinct in the reign of Edward III.,
married Hache. Four descents are described in the visitation of 1620

cc 2 as

cciv DEVONSHIRE.

as of East Allington. John Leigh, the elder son of the family, settled
in London.

Arms : — Vert, a saltier between 4 eagles displayed, Or.

Lippincott, or Luppincott, of Wibbery, in Alverdiscot, originally Luf-
fencot, of LnfFencot. u — This family had married the heiress of Wibbery,
and co-heiresses of Gough and Elford. Harry Luppincot, Esq., the last
heir malex of the elder branch of this family, died in I779.

Sir Henry Lippincot, Bart., of Stoke in Gloucestershire, is descended
from a younger son of the Lippincots of Wibbery, whose descendants
were originally settled at Pynhill, in Sidbury, and afterwards for some
generations at Culmstock.

Arms : — Per fesse counterembattled, G. and S., 3 talbots statant,
gardant, Argent, two and one.

Lowman, of Whitstone. — Five descents are described in the visitation
of 1620, when there was male issue.

Arms: —Argent, 3 escutcheons, S., charged with as many gauntlets, Or.

Lutton, of Mowlish and Cofford, in Kenton, from the time of Henry V.
— There was male issue in 1620, but the family is supposed to have been
many years extinct.

Arms : — Vert, a spread eagle within an orle of trefoils, Or.

Luttrell, of Hartland. — A branch of the Luttrells of Somersetshire
settled at Hartland in consequence of having married a co-heiress of
Abbot, who died in 1609. A co-heiress of this branch of Luttrell married
Orchard. Some of the Luttrell family resided for some time at Santon in
Braunton. The heiress of the Luttrells of Somersetshire married, in
1716, Henry Fownes, Esq., of Netheway, in this county, who took the
name of Luttrell.

Arms : — Or, a bend between 6 martlets, S.

Crest : — A boar, Argent, bristled, Or, charged with a rose of the
second.

" So it appears from Sir William Pole ; but a pedigree in the collection of Sir Isaac Heard
derives the name from a place called Lippincot, in the parish of Sidbury.

* He was one of thirteen children, but his brothers and sisters all died without surviving issue.

Mapowder,

DEVONSHIRE.

ccv

Mapowder, of Holsworthy and Pyeworthy. — Five descents are de-
scribed in the visitation of 1620. Roger Mapowder, of this family, was
buried at Pyeworthy in 1722.

Arms : — Barruly G. and A., on a chief of the second a greyhound
current, Sable.

Martyn, of Exeter. — Descended from a younger branch of the baro-
nial family of Martyn, or Martin, of Dartington, which had been settled at
Athelhampston, in Dorsetshire. y William Martin, grandson of Richard,
second son of Sir William Martin, of Athelhampston, was recorder of
Exeter. This branch had settled at Oxton before 1620. 'William Clifford
Martin, Esq., the last heir male, died in 1769 : the heiress married the
father of the late Rev. John Swete, (formerly Tripe,) of Oxton.

Arms : — The same as the baronial family of Martin, with due difference.

Crest : — On the trunk of a tree, A., a bear seiant, Proper, chained of
the first, holding a mirror, Or.

Martin, of Plymouth, descended from Kent. — Captain John Martin,
of this family, went round the world with Sir Francis Drake in 1577 '
his father was of Bridgetown, near Totnes : there was male issue of this
family in 1620.

Arms : — G., on a chevron, Or, 3 talbots passant, Sable.

Crest : — On a globe, Or, a falcon rising, Argent, gorged with a ducal
coronet.

Marwood, of West Marwood, near Barnstaple, from the time of
Henry III. till the reign of Elizabeth, when two of the co-heiresses married
Chichester and Wichalse. — About the beginning of the last century, James
Marwood, Esq., (but whether descended from a younger branch of the
Marwoods above mentioned I have not ascertained) purchased Sutton in
Widworthy. J. T. B. Marwood, Esq., the last of this family, (which had
removed into Somersetshire) died in 1811 : his sisters and co-heiresses
married Stevens z, Wolcot, and Elton.

y The Martins of Seaborough in Somersetshire, who married the heiress of Gould, and
those of Suffolk, of whom Sir Roger Martin was created a baronet in 1639, were also of this
branch. The elder line of the Athelhampston branch, became extinct in 1595: the co-heiresses
married Brune, Titchbourne, White, and Floyer.

'■ And afterwards Fortescue of Buckland Filleigh. Mrs. Fortescue is recently deceased.

Arms

ccvi DEVONSHIRE.

Arms of Marwood, of Marwood : — G., a chevron, Argent, between 3
goats' heads erased, Erm., attired, Or.

Crest: A o-oat's head erased, Argent, attired, Or, charged with a

chevron, G.

Maynard, of Sherford, in Brixton, and of Milton. — Six descents of this
family, into which a co-heiress of Heliar had married, are described in the
visitation of 1620, when there was male issue from both branches. Alexander
Maynard, Esq., a younger son of this family, resided at Tavistock, and
was father of Sir John Maynard, sergeant-at-law. One of the co-heiresses
of the sergeant's son married Sir Henry Hobart, Bart., ancestor of the
Earl of Buckinghamshire ; the other the Earl of Stamford.

Arms : — Argent, 3 sinister hands, Gules.

Michell, of Salcombe Regis, and of Sea-side House, in Branscombe.

Thomas Michell, Esq., the last heir male of this ancient family, which

had married the heiress of Rowe, died in 1785. Sir Isaac Heard, Garter
King of Arms, is the representative. z

Arms : Per chevron, G. and S., a chevron Argent, between 3 swans.

Molford, of Cadbury. — Roger Molford married the heiress of Cad-
burv : his grandson was living in 1620.

Arms : — S. a fesse, Erm., between 3 swans, Proper.

Crest ; A swan issuing out of a ducal coronet, the wings elevated.

Moore, of Moorehayes, in Collumpton, from the time of Henry III.

■ Married heiresses of Treslake, Furneaux, and Botour, by the heiress of

Stawell ; and co-heiresses of Clivedon and Bonville. George Moore, Esq.,
the last heir male of this ancient family, died in 17 11 ; the heiress mar-
ried Blackmore.

Arms : — Erm., on a chevron, Az., 3 cinquefoils, Or.

Crest : — A cubit arm couped, holding a sword.

More, alias Moring, or Mooringe, of Moretown, in Whitchurch. —

z His father, John Heard, of Bridgewater, Gent., married a daughter of Benjamin Michell,
Esq., who married the heiress of Rowe.

This

DEVONSHIRE. ccvii

This family, which continued here for many descents, appears to have
become extinct, or to have removed about the year 1640.
Arms : — Argent, 6 martlets, 3, 2, and 1.

Moulton, of Plympton. — Four descents of this family, which had
married heiresses of Quicke and Thomas, are described in the visita-
tion of 1620. The last of the name whom I find in the parish register
is Edward Moulton, buried in 1674.

Arms : — Per pale, Arg. and Erm., 3 bars, Gules.

Newcourt, of Pickwell, in Georgeham. — This family, which is traced
to the reign of Edward III., was originally of Halesworthy. A co-heiress
of Merrifield, and an heiress of Floyer, married into it. The heiress of
Newcombe, of Pickwell, married Chichester about the middle of the
seventeenth century. There was male issue, of younger branches, in
1620.

Arms : — Sable, a bend, Erm., between 2 eagles displayed, with 2
heads, Or.

Crest : — A demi-griffin issuant, Gules, guttee, Or, beaked of the second.

Newte, of Tiverton, traced to the time of Queen Elizabeth. — Thomas
Newte, Esq., captain of an East Indiaman, who died in 1806, was the
last heir male. His aunts married Holwell and Pitman.

Arms : — G., a chevron, Argent, between 3 human hearts, transfixed
with so many swords.

Northleigh, of Northleigh, in Inwardleigh. — Eleven descents of this
ancient family are described in the visitation of 1620. The heiress of
1/ Chapman married into this family. A younger branch, which afterwards
married a co-heiress of Tothill, of Peamore, had settled at Matford, in
Alphington, in the early part of the seventeenth century. Stephen North-
leigh, Esq., the last of this branch, married a co-heiress of Davie, and
died in 1713. The heiress of Northleigh married Hippisley Coxe, of
Stone Easton.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron, S., between 3 roses.

Nutcombe, of Nutcombe. — This family, which married a co-heiress of
Foster, is traced to the reign of Richard II. Richard Nutcombe, Esq.,

the

CCV111

DEVONSHIRE.

the last heir male, died in 1736. The Rev. Nutcombe Quicke, late
chancellor of the diocese, took the name of Nutcombe by act of parlia-
ment in 1792, and died in 1809, without male issue.

Orchard, of Hartland-abbey, married a co-heiress of Luttrell. — The
sisters and co-heiresses of the late Paul Orchard, Esq., who died in 1812,
married Morrison and Buck.

Arms of Orchard : — Az., a fesse, Argent, between 3 pears, Or.

Crest : — A dexter arm couped at the elbow issuing from a mural
crown, habited, Az., adorned with 3 fleur-de-lis, Or, 1 and 2, the cuff
turned up, Erm., holding in the hand, Proper, a pear as in the field.

Oxenham, of Oxenham, in South Tawton, from a very early period. —
Wlliam Long Oxenham, Esq., the last heir male of this family, died in
1814 : the heiress married Arthur Acland, Esq., father of Sir John Palmer
Acland, Bart.

Arms : — G., a fesse between 3 crescents, Or.

Peter, of Bowhay, in Exminster. — This family was descended from
William, the younger son of John Petre % of Tor Newton, who was
father of Sir William Petre, ancestor of the lords Petre. John Peter, the
only son of the said William, who had issue, was M.P. for Exeter in the
reign of Philip and Mary. His elder son died without issue. Otho, the
second, was ancestor of the Peters of Bowhay. Thomas, the third,
settled in Cornwall, and was ancestor of Henry Peter, Esq., now of
Harlyn. John Peter, the last of the Bowhay branch, died in 1643 :
his only daughter and heir married Sir Allen Apsley, ancestor of Earl
Bathurst.

Arms : — The same as those of Lord Petre, with due difference.

Pincombe, or Pyncomb, of South Molton, and of Welsbear. — Pyn-
comb of Welsbear became extinct in I672 ; one of the co-heiresses
married Tucker. Mrs. Gertrude Pyncombe, the last of this branch, who
died unmarried about 1730, left a considerable estate for the augmentation
of poor benefices, the endowment of schools, and other charitable pur-

1 The name is spelt both ways, but, by Lord Petre's family, it has always been spelt
Petre.

poses.

DEVONSHIRE. ccix

poses. Mr. William Pyncombe, the last of the South Molton branch,
died in 1691.

Arms : — Per Pale, G. and Az., three helmets, Argent.

Crest : — A cubit arm issuing, vested, V., trimmed and gloved, Or,
holding a spear, Proper, the head, Argent.

Pointington, or Poyntingdon, of Pennicot, in Shobrooke, from the
reign of Edward III. till after the middle of the seventeenth century. — Mr.
T. Poyntingdon, who seems to have been the last of this family, died in
1665. The co-heiresses of Hengscott, Haye, and Prust, married into this
family.

Arms, borne by Pointington in 1620: — Argent, a bend, G., between
6 fleur-de-lis, Vert.

Pollexfen, of Kitley. — Four descents of this family are described in
the visitation of 1620. The heiress of Strechley, of Madcombe, married
into this family. Edmund Pollexfen, Esq., the last heir male, died in 1710.
The heiress married Bastard.

Arms : — Quarterly, Argent and Az., in the first and fourth quarter, a
lion rampant, Gules.

Preston, of Up-Ottery. — This family came from Lancashire : there
was male issue in 1620.

Arms : — Argent, 2 bars, G., on a canton of the second, a cinquefoil of
the first.

There was another family of the same name, (with male issue,) described
in the visitation as of Up-Ottery also, that came from Somersetshire.
Amias Preston, brother of John, then the representative, is called an egre-
gious navigator. Westcote, speaking of these Prestons, calls them " the
generous family of Preston, of whom was, not long since, Captain Preston."
The arms of this family are not described.

Prestwood, of Boterford, in North Huish, — purchased in the reign of
Queen Elizabeth. I have not been able to ascertain whether this family is
extinct, or removed. Thomas Prestwood, Esq., was buried at North
Huish, in 1735 ; the estate was sold about the year 17'AO, and has since
passed through several hands.

Vol. VI. d d Arms :

ccx DEVONSHIRE.

Arms : — Sab., a lion rampant between 2 flaunches, Or.
Crest : — A demi-griffin issuing, Sab., beak Argent, wings, Or, charged
with ogresses.

Prous, — an ancient, numerous, and widely-spreading family; originally
of Gidley Castle, as early as the reign of Henry II. The heiress of the
elder branch married Mules, in the reign of Edward II. or III. A younger
branch, into which the heiresses of Wadecot, Crewse, Norton, and Orchard,
of Comb Martin, had married, was of Way, in Chagford, for many gener-
ations. John Prowz, Esq., (so the name is spelt on his monument,) the last
of this branch, died in 1664.

There were younger branches also at Withecomb, Barnstaple, Tiverton,
and Exeter, all of which are supposed to be extinct. The heiress of White,
and a co-heiress of Staplehill, married into the Tiverton branch. It is
probable, that the Prowzes, of Crediton, were of this branch ; we find me-
morials in that church for Francis Prowze, Esq., 1696 ; and Mrs. Honor
Prowze, " the last of a numerous family," 1773.

Arms : — Sable, 3 lions rampant, Argent. The Prowzes, of Exeter, bore
the field Ermines.

Prye, of Horwell, in Colebrook. — Five descents of this family, now sup-
posed to be extinct, are described in the visitation of 1620.
Arms : — Erm., a chevron, S., a chief Azure, fretty, Or.

Radford, of Cheinstone, in Chawleigh. — Ambrose Radford, the last of
this family, which had been settled here for many generations, died in 1703.
Arms : — Sable, 3 Lampagoes, or mantigers, passant in pale, Argent.

Randall, of Kentisbury, — came out of Berkshire ; married the co-
heiress of Wolfe, of Kentisbury. The heiress of this family married Jones,
and died in 1711.

Arms : — Sable, 3 demi-lions rampant, erased, without tails, Argent.

Crest : — On a wreath, a staff couped and raguly, lying fesse ways,
Vert, thereon a wolf passant, Az., collared, Or.

Reede, of Wembury. — Four descents are described in the visitation of
1620, when there was male issue.

Arms : — G., on a bend nebulee. Arg., 3 shovelers, Sab., membered of

the field.

Reynell,

DEVONSHIRE. ccxi

Reynell, of Malston, in Sherford, and of East Ogwell. — This ancient
family settled at Trumpington, in Cambridgeshire, in the reign of Edw. I.
Walter Reynell, having married the heiress of Trumpington. His grandson
of the same name, married the heiress of Stighull, of Malston, by one of the
co-heiresses of Malston. Walter, son of this marriage, married the heiress
of Francis, of Cambridgeshire. Walter, the third in descent from the heiress
of Francis, left two sons : Robert, the elder, had an only son, John, who
died without issue in 1478 ; Walter, the second son, had two sons, John,
the elder, ancestor of the Reynells, of East Ogwell ; and Thomas, ancestor
of the Reynells, of Malston. Richard Reynell, son of John, had five sons,
four of whom were knights. Richard Reynell, Esq., the great grandson of
Sir Thomas Reynell, the elder of these sons, died without issue, in 1735,
and by his death the elder branch became extinct : his half sisters married
Whitrow, Copleston, and Morice ; and the heiress of Whitrow married Jo-
seph Taylor, Esq., ancestor of Pierce Joseph Taylor, Esq., of East Ogwell.

Sir Richard Reynell, Knight, the next brother of Sir Thomas Reynell,
who lived in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, was of Ford, near Newton
Abbot ; he left an only daughter and heir, who married Sir William Waller,
the parliamentary general, whose heiress married Sir William Courtenay.
Thomas, the second son of Sir Thomas Reynell, married the heiress of
Spiller, of Sheperton, Middlesex, was afterwards knighted, and took the
name of Spiller, which his descendants some time bore : the present repre-
sentative of this branch is Thomas Reynell, Esq., of Leatherhead.

Richard Reynell, elder son of Sir Thomas, had a younger son, Richard,
who was in the law, and became Chief Justice of the King's Bench, in
Ireland. He was created a baronet of the kingdom of Ireland, and was
ancestor of Sir Richard Reynell, Bart, now residing in America.

Thomas, to whom Malston was given, as before mentioned, married the
heiress of Matthewes, by the heiress of Rous : his posterity continued in the
male line at Malston, till the early part of the last century. Mr. Giles
Reynell, who died in 1735, a few years after the sale of Malston, is sup-
posed to have been the last of this branch of the family. A younger
branch of the Malston Reynells was some time of Creedy Wiger, in Upton
Helion, in consequence of a marriage with a co-heiress of Periam. The
heiress of these Reynells married into the elder branch.

Arms : — Argent, masonry and a chief indented, Sable.

Crest : — A fox passant, Sable. The family appear also to have borne,
formerly, two foxes as supporters.

d d 2 Risdon,

ccxii DEVONSHIRE.

Risdon, of Bableigh in Parkham, and of Winscot. — This family was
originally from Risdon in Gloucestershire : they settled at Bableigh in the
reign of Edward I. The heiresses of Bremell and Bromescombe, and a
co-heiress of Viell, married into this family. In consequence of the last-
mentioned marriage, a younger branch settled at Vielston, in Buckland
Brewer, married a co-heiress of Abbot of Hartland, and was not extinct
in 1630. Giles Risdon, Esq., of Bableigh, had a son, baptized at Park-
ham, in 1732. The family do not appear to have been buried at Parkham
after 1697. The last Risdon of Bableigh had a brother, a tanner at
Torrington, whose son, if living, would be the representative of the
family, but he is supposed to have died some years ago in the West
Indies : a daughter of the last Giles Risdon married the father of Mr.
Samuel Turner, now of Bideford.

Tristram Risdon, the antiquary, settled at Winscot, in the parish of
St. Giles, which he possessed by bequest. William Risdon, Esq., the last
of this branch, died in 1701 ; the heiress married Hearle, and Sir Stafford
Northcote, Bart., is now its representative.

Arms : — Argent, 3 bird-bolts, Sable.

Crest : — An elephant's head erased, Erminois.

Rogers, of Pilton. — This family, which had been settled at Pilton
about seven generations, became extinct, in the male line, in 179 1. The
co-heiresses married Griffiths and Studdy. A co-heiress of Warren mar-
ried into this family.

Arms : — Arg., a chevron between 3 stags current, G., (as on monu-
ments at Pilton).

Roope, of Horsewell, in South Milton. — The last of this family, of
whom three descents are described in the visitation of 1620, was William
Roope, Esq., buried at South Milton in I76O : the heiress married Ilbert.
A co-heiress of Irish, and the heiress of Ford, married into this family.

Arms : — Argent, a lion rampant, G., within an orle of pheons, Azure.

Rous, of Modbury. — Sir Ralph Rous resided at Little Modbury in
the reign of Henry III. ; the heiress of this branch, after five descents,
married Dymock. A younger branch settled at Edmerston in Modbury,
in consequence of a marriage with the heiress of Edmerston : after residing
there for several descents, this branch removed to Halton in Cornwall,
where Francis Rous, provost of Eton, and one of Cromwell's lords, was

born.

DEVONSHIRE. ccxiii

born. The Rev. Richard Rous, late rector of St. George's Clist, who died
in 1810, was representative of the provost's brother : his daughter and
heiress married Ellicombe. The Rev. William Rous Ellicombe is the
representative of this branch.

Arms of Rous : — Or, an eagle displaced, Azure.

Rowe, of Kingston in Staverton, afterwards of Bearton, in Broad
Hempston, said to have been descended from a Kentish family. — Sir William
Pole mentions William Rowe, Esq., among " the persons of very good
rank formerly residing in Totnes." His son John, who was sergeant-at-law
in the reign of Henry VIIL, married the heiress of Barnhouse of Kings-
ton : the descendant of the sergeant, the late John Rowe, Esq., took
the name of Hussey, on succeeding to the estates of Hussey of Marnhull,
in Dorsetshire. Bearton is now a farm-house belonging to his widow.
Kingston has passed into other hands. His son of the same name is the
representative of the family.

Arms : . — Argent, a chevron, Az., between 3 trefoils, Gules.

Crest : — A stag's head issuant, Gules, attired, Or.

Rowsewell, of Ford Abbey, of a Somersetshire family. — Sir Henry
Rowseweli sold it to Prideaux about the middle of the seventeenth century.
Arms : — Per pale, G. and Az., a lion rampant, Argent.
Crest : — A lion's head erased, Argent.

Sainthill, of Bradninch. — Four descents only of this family are de-
scribed in the visitation of 1620, but it appears that they were of con-
siderable antiquity. Sir Walter de Sweynthill, or St. Hill, was one of the
knights of the shire in 1327, and in several ensuing parliaments. A co-
heiress of Browne3, and the heiress of Parker, of Zeal Monachorum, married
into this family. Samuel Sainthill, Esq., the last heir male, died in 1708.
His only sister married Thomas Yard, Esq., of Treasurer's Bere, whose son
took the name of Sainthill, by act of parliament. The name became again
extinct by the death of Samuel Sainthill, Esq., (great grandson of the
heiress,) in 1798 : his sister, and now only surviving heiress, married Rear
Admiral Thomas Pearse, who resides occasionally at Bradninch house.
There was a family of this name branched off, probably at an early period,

a There was no issue by this marriage.

from

ccxiv DEVONSHIRE.

from the Bradninch Sainthills, who resided for several generations at Top-
sham. Richard Sainthill, Esq., now residing in Ireland, near Cork, is the
representative of this family.

Arms : — Or, on a fesse engrailed, Az., between 3 leopards' faces, G.,
as many bezants, each charged with a fleur-de-lis of the second ; in chief
on a pile, Az., 3 fleur-de-lis of the first.

Crest : — Within a ducal coronet 2 dragons' heads erased combatant,
Vert.

Arms of Pearse : — G., a bend embattled, between 2 unicorns' heads
erased, Or.

Crest : — A wyvern, G., the wings displayed, Argent.

St. Albyn, of Paracombe. — This was, in the reign of Edward I., and
for many generations, a seat of the St. Albyn family, and from hence
they removed to Allfoxton, in Somersetshire, now the seat of their repre-
sentative, Lawrence St. Albyn, Esq., who still possesses Paracombe, but
it has not been for many generations a residence of the family.

Arms : — Erm., on a bend, Sable, 3 bezants.

Crest: — A wolf seiant, Erm., collared, lined, and ringed, Or.

Saint Leger, of Annery, and of Canonleigh, in Burlescombe. — James
St. Leger, the ancestor of this family, married a co-heiress of Thomas
Boteler, Earl of Ormond : his descendant, Sir John St. Leger, sold
Annery before 1600 to his son-in-law, Arscott ; John St. Leger, and
Dudley, the two sons of Sir John, died without issue : the elder of the co-
heiresses married Grenville ; the second Stucley, of Afton, and the youngest
Tremayne, and afterwards Arscott.

Arms : — Az., fretty, A., a canton, Or.

Crest : — A falcon issuing from a plume of ostrich feathers, Argent.

John St. Leger, Esq., ancestor of Viscount Doneraile, became possessed
of Eggesford, in this county, by marrying a daughter of Chichester, Earl
of Donegal.

Salusbury, of Barnstaple. — Eive descents of this family are described
in the visitation of 1620. Mr. Richard Salusbury, who appears to have
been the last heir male, died in 1701.

Arms : — G., a lion rampant, Or, between 3 crescents, Argent.

SAMrFORD,

DEVONSHIRE. ccxv

Sampford, or Sandford, of Collumpton, Halberton, and Exeter. —
There was male issue of this family in 1620.
Arms : — A., a chevron between 3 martlets, Sable.

Secomb. — See Thorne.

Shapcott, of Shapcott, in the parish of Knoweston. — The heiress of
Windegate married into this family, of which ten descents are described
in the visitation of 1620. The ancient seat of the family was sold soon
after 1700 by Mr. Shapcott, a barrister at law, who afterwards resided at
Exeter.

Arms : — Sable, a chevron, Or, between 3 dove-cotes, Argent.

Crest : — A goat's head erased.

Shapleigh, of Newcourt in Topsham, before of Dartmouth. — Four
descents of this family are described in the visitation of 1620. The late
John Shapleigh, Esq., barrister-at-law, of the Temple, was represent-
ative of this family, and left male issue.

Arms : — V., a chevron, A., between 3 escallops, Or.

Crest : — A sinister cubit arm couped, Proper, vested, G., cuffed, Arg.,
the hand holding a chaplet, Gules.

Sherman, of Knighteston in Ottery, — purchased in the reign of Henry
VIII. : the heiress, after a few descents, married 'Copleston.

Arms : — Or, A lion rampant, Sab., between 3 holly-leaves, Proper.

Shortridge, of Shortridge, in Tiverton, married the heiress of Bowden
of Witheridge. — Richard Shortridge, Esq., the last heir male of this
family, being then resident at Thelbridge, died in 1763. The co-heiresses b
married Perryman, Treby, Pearce, and Martyn. I find no arms ascribed
to this family.

Skerit, of Buckland Monachorum, afterwards of Peter Tavy. — There
was male issue from two branches in 1620.

Arms : — Or, on a chief indented, S., 3 plates, each charged with a
cross-crosslet, G.

b Aunts of Richard.

Skinner,

ccxvi DEVONSHIRE.

Skinner, of Cowley in Brampford Speke. — Four descents are de-
scribed in the visitation of 1620, when there was male issue. The heir-
esses of Cornish and Maurice married into this family.

Arms : — Argent, a chief, Az., semee de lis, Or.

Crest : — Out of a ducal coronet a demi-talbot issuing, Argent, collar
and leash, G.

Sloly, of Sloly, in Fremington, married the heiress of Fremington. —
The heiress of the representative of this ancient family, who died in 1666,
married Hawkins. It is probable that there were younger branches.
John Sloly, who died in 1703, was a benefactor to the parish of High
Bray : the name still remains among the yeomanry in the neighbourhood
of Barnstaple.

Arms : — G., a chevron between 3 bats, Or.

Snelling, of Chaddlewood, in Plympton St. Mary, married an heiress
of Elford. — The last heir male of this family died in 1653 : the heiress
married Martyn, one of whose co-heiresses married Sparke of Plymouth.

Arms : — G., 3 griffins' heads erased, A., a chief indented, Ermine.

Somaster, of Widecombe in Stokenham. Eight descents of this family
are described in the visitation of 1620. The co-heiresses of the elder
branch married Trefry and Kent. A younger brother, who was Arch-
deacon of Cornwall, continued the male line. This branch married a co-
heiress of Arundell of Trerice, and was of Painsford in Ashsprington,
(which had been in the family from the time of Henry VII.) in 1620.
John Somaster, Esq., the last of this branch, died in 1681 : the heiress
married Kelland. The Rev. John Somaster, descended from a younger
son, died in 1769.

Arms : — Argent, a castle triple-towered within an orle of fleur-de-lis,
Sable.

Crest : — A portcullis, Argent.

Sparke, of Plymouth, descended from a Cheshire family, married the
heiress of Cock. — The father of the late Elford Sparke, Esq., married one
of the co-heiresses of Martyn of Chaddlewood. Elford Sparke, Esq., by
whose death the male line became extinct, in 1789, left three sisters, co-
heiresses, married to Eveleigh, Langworthy, and Cookesley.

Arms :

DEVONSHIRE. ccxvii

Arms : — Cheeky, Or and V., a bend, Ermine.

Crest : — Out of a ducal coronet, Or, a demi-panther rampant gardant,
Argent, spotted with various colours ; out of his mouth and ears fire
issuing, Proper.

Speccot, of Merton. — The antient family of Fitz-Bernard, settling at
Speccot, took that name in the reign of Henry II. Co-heiresses of
Belston, Fumeaux, and Scobhull, and the heiress of Boys, married into
this family. Charles Speccot, Esq., the last heir male, died about the
latter part of the reign of Charles II. ; his sisters and co-heiresses married
Hals, Hele, and Ileynell.

In 1620, there were younger branches of this family at Clawton and
Thorverton.

Arms : — Or, on a bend, G., 3 milrinds, Argent.

Speke, or Espeke. — This ancient family was of Brampfbrd Speke from
nearly the time of the Conquest. Heywood, in Wemworthy, was also a
seat of the Spekes, who removed into Somersetshire about the middle of
the fifteenth century, in consequence of a marriage with the heiress of Beau-
champ of White Lackington. The heiresses of Gervais, Keynes, and
Winard, married also into this family. Frederick Lord North, afterwards
Earl of Guildford, married the heiress of Speke.

Arms : — Argent, 2 bars, Az., over all an eagle displayed with two
heads, Or.

Spicer, of Weare, in Topsham. — An ancestor of this ancient family
was mayor of Exeter in 1273 : John Spicer, probably the grandson, was
several times mayor in the reign of Edward III. This spirited citizen,
with great alertness, fitted out three ships for the French expedition in
1358, and the next year had the honour, whilst mayor, of entertaining the
Black Prince, and his prisoner, John King of France. c William Francis
Spicer, the representative of this family, sold Weare in or about 1 801,
and removed .out of Devonshire.

Arms : — Sable, a chevron, Erminois, between 3 castles triple-towered,
Or. The ancient arms of the family were per pale G. and S., 3 castles,
A., in bend, cottised, Erm., a border engrailed of the last.

c Account of the Spicer family annexed to the edition of Risdon's Survey, 1711.

Vol. VI. e e Crest :

ccxviii DEVONSHIRE.

Crest : — Out of a mural coronet a dexter cubit arm, the hand in a
gauntlet holding a bomb, fired, Proper.

Stucley, or Stuckley, of Affeton, or Afton, in West Worlington,
married the heiress of Afl'eton and the heiress of Wood. William Dennis
Stucley, Esq., the representative of this family, died in 1755. Thomas Stuc-
ley, a younger brother, in 1758. The heiress of Stucley married Buck.

Arms : — Az., 3 pears pendant, Or.

Crest : — A demi-lion rampant, holding a battle-axe.

Sture, of Marridge, in Ugborough. — Five descents are described in
the visitation of 1620 as of Huish. Edward Sture, Esq., sold Marridge
in 1696.

Arms of Sture of Devonshire, as given by Sir William Pole : — Or, a
mullet, Sable, as given by Edmondson, A., a bend, Sab., over all a label
of 3 points, G. These are given as the arms of Sture of Huish. The
arms are not described in the visitation of 1620.

Taylor, of Marridge. — After the death of Edward Taylor, Esq.,
of Bath, representative of this family, which resided for a few descents at
Marridge, that estate devolved to the daughter of the late Mr. George
Taylor, of Totnes, now the heiress of the family.

Arms borne by Taylor of Marridge : — Or, a chevron, S., between 2
lions passant in chief) and an annulet in base of the second. d

Crest : — An unicorn's head erased, Or, ducally crowned, gorged,
and armed, Azure.

Thorne, of Thorne in Holsworthy, and of Upcot in Shipwash. — This
family, which is traced to the time of King John, married the heiress of
Upcot. The heiress of the elder branch married Holland of Weare in
the reign of James I. There were several younger sons at the time of
the visitation in 1620. The heiress of a younger branch which was of
Buckland Filleigh, married Risdon of Shipwash.

Arms : — Argent, a fesse, G., between 3 lions rampant, Sable.

Crest : — A lion rampant. Sable.

a These are the arms (with the difference of the field) described by Edmondson, as those of
Taylor of Cambridgeshire.

There

DEVONSHIRE. ccxix

There was another younger branch of Thore, which married the
heiress of Secomb % and was called Secomb, alias Thorne. The heiresses
of Hearle, Husband, and Launce, married also into this branch, which
was some time of North Petherwin. The representative of this branch,
in 1788, was the Rev. Charles Secomb, then residing at Calcutta.

This branch bore the same arms, with a border engrailed.

Tothill, of Exeter and Peamore, married the heiress of Sparke of
Sowton ; the co-heiresses married Northleigh and a younger branch of
Tothill.

Arms : — Az., on a bend, Argent, cottised, Or, a lion passant gardant,
S., langued and armed, G., in chief a label of 3 points, with a crescent for
difference.

Crest: — On a mount, V., a Cornish chough, Proper, in its beak a
branch of olive, fructed, Or.

Trelawney, of Ham near Plymouth. — A younger branch of the Tre-
lawneys of Cornwall resided here for nearly two centuries : Samuel Pol-
lexfen Trelawney, Esq., the last of this branch, died in 1771 : Iris heiress
married George Collins, Esq., now of Ham.

Arms : — The same as Trelawney, baronet, with due difference.

Trepe. — Five descents of this family are described, in the visitation of
1620, as having lived in the parish of Crediton since the reign of Edward IV.
Richard Trepe, then living, had no male issue ; his daughters and co-heir-
esses were married to Symonds and Ridge of Ridge. The co-heiresses of
Highayne and Gutton, and the heiress of Willes, had married into this
family. The arms are not described.

Trist, of Bowden. — The Rev. Browse Trist, the representative of
this family, died in 1791 : his co-heiresses married Haussollier, who, in
1799, took the name of Trist, but has no residence in the county, and
Stackhouse. A younger son of the Trist family went to Virginia, and
had male issue in 1799.

e Secomb, in the parish of German's Week, gave name to a family of yeomanry, still
existing.

e e 2 Arms :

ccxx DEVONSHIRE.

Arms : — Az., a quatrefoil pierced within an orle of etoiles, Or.
Crest : — On a mount, Vert, an osprey, Proper, in the beak a fish,
Argent.

Tristram, of Duvall, purchased in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
John Tristram, Esq., the last of this family, died in 1722. Stucley
Tristram Lucas, Esq., is the present representative. John Tristram, Esq.,
of Bampton, who had married a sister and co-heiress of Ley, Earl of
Marlborough, left an only daughter and heir, who married Dr. Palmer,
warden of All Souls, and afterwards Dr. Bathurst, President of Trinity
College, Oxford. This lady, who died in 1690, had an only daughter,
married to George Baynard, Esq.

Arms : — Per chevron embattled, S. and A., 3 bucks' heads caboshed
counter changed.

Crest : — A buck's head issuing, Proper, attired, Arg., in the mouth a
trefoil, A., leaved, V.

Upton, of Postlinch, or Puslinch, in Newton Ferrers. — John Upton ',
who settled at Postlinch, married the heiress of Mohun * of Pustlinch.
William Upton, Esq., the last of this branch, died in 1709. The heiress
married Yonge.

A younger branch settled at Lupton in Brixham, in consequence of a
marriage with the heiress of Penniles, in the reign of Henry VI. John
Upton, Esq., the representative of this branch, was of Ingmore-hall, in the
county of York, about the middle of the last century.

Arms : — Sable, a cross sarcely, Argent.

Crest : — On a ducal coronet a horse, Sable, caparisoned, Or.

Velley, of Hartland. — Thomas Velley, Esq., the last heir male of
this family, died in 1780 : the co-heiresses married Hamlyn and Ley.
Arms, as in Hartland church : — Az., a chevron between 3 castles, Or.

Venner, of Hundescot, in Chittlehampton, and of Knolle. — Four
descents of this family are described in the visitation of 1620 ; the last

' He was third son of Thomas Upton of Trelask, in Cornwall, by the heiress of Trelawney :
the father of Thomas married a co-heiress of Mules, and the grandfather the heiress of
Carnother.

1 By the heiress of Blerick, who married the heiress of Fleming.

heir

DEVONSHIRE. ccxxi

heir male appears to have been Peregrine Venner, Esq., who died in 1698.
The heiress of William Venner, Esq., who died in 1690, married Love-
ring.

Arms : — G., 3 bendlets, Or, a chief per fesse, Erm. and Argent.

Vowell, alias Hoker, of Exeter, married the heiress of Drewell : not
extinct in 1675.

Arms : — Or, a fesse, Vaire, between 2 lions passant gardant, S.
Crest : — A hind, Or, in his month a flower, Argent, leaves, Or.

Wadham, originally of Wadham, in the parish of Knoweston, afterwards
removed (temp. Edw. III.) to Edge, in the parish of Branscombe, where
they resided for eight descents before they removed into Somersetshire.
This family, which had married the co-heiresses of Chiseldon, Popham,
and Tregarthen, became extinct by the death of Nicholas Wadham, Esq.,
the founder of Wadham College, in 1609- The co-heiresses of Wadham
married Strangways ; Martin, one of whose co-heiresses married Latton ;
and Wyndham. "

A branch of this family settled at Catherston, in Dorsetshire, having
married the heiress of Payne, of that place : the son married a co-heiress
of Tyll, of Tylhouse, in Devon. It appears that there were several male
descendants of this branch, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

Arms : — G. a chevron between 3 roses, Argent.

Crest : — A stag's head erased, Or, on each side a rose-branch, Proper,
the roses, A, and G.

Wakeman, of Exeter, descended from a brother of the last abbot and
first bishop of Gloucester : not extinct in 1620.

Arms : — A., on a cross, Sab., a cloud, Proper, surrounded by the rays
of the sun, on the centre of the cloud a coronet, Or.

Crest : — A cock, Or, combed, G., legged, Az., out of his mouth a label
on which evigila qui dormis.

Walker, of Exeter, from about the middle of the sixteenth century;
married a co-heiress of Tothill : the Rev. Robert Walker, vicar of St.
Winnow, in Cornwall, is the representative of this family.

Arms : — Az., a griffin segreant, A., a border engrailed, Ermine.

h And afterwards Farringdon.

Walker,

ccxxii DEVONSHIRE.

Walker, of Ashbury, descended from Cambridgeshire. The heiress of
Ferine married into this family, whose heiress was married, in 1685, to
the ancestor of John Morth Woolcombe, Esq., of Ashbury.

Arms : — Argent, guttee de sang ; 2 swords in saltier, G., the points
upwards ; over all a lion rampant, Sable.

Waltham, of Brenton in Exminster, married a co-heiress of Bowhay,
and the heiress of Stephens, of Exminster. John Waltham, the repre-
sentative of this family in 1620, had two daughters : his brother had
several sons. Richard Waltham, Esq., recorder of Exeter, was of this
family.

Arms : — Sab., a chevron engrailed between 3 suns, Argent.

Weare, or Were, of Halberton and Honiton Clist. — The only daughter
of Colonel Were, the parliamentary officer, married Rose of Wotton
Fitzpaine. Mr. Thomas Weare, of Honiton Clist, who left sundry bene-
factions for charitable uses, died in 1691. J. Were Clark, Esq., of Bridwell,
is descended from the Weres of Halberton.

Arms: — Arg., on a bend, Vert., between 6 cross-crosslets fitchee, G.,
3 crosiers, Or.

Welsh, of Barnstaple and Alverdiscott. — Five descents of this family
are described in the visitation of 1620. It appears to have been extinct
about the middle of that century.

Arms : — Az., 6 mullets, 3, 2, and 1, Or.

Westcote, originally of Westcote in Marwood. — Thomas Westcote, the
representative of this family, married the heiress of Lyttelton, of Frankley,
in Worcestershire, and removed into that county : he was father of the
celebrated Judge Littleton, or Lyttelton, ancestor of the noble family of
Lyttelton. A younger branch, of which was Thomas Westcote, the anti-
quary, settled at Raddon, in Shobrooke, in the reign of Henry VIII. The
co-heiresses of Walter, of Combe, and Roberts, of Comb Martin, married
into this branch. Philip Westcote, Esq., of Raddon, died in 1647.
Thomas, his son, dissipated his fortune. I have not been able to ascertain
any thing farther of this branch.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron between 3 escallops, S.

Whiddon,

DEVONSHIRE. ccxxiii

Whiddon, of" Chagford. — Eight descents of this family are described
in the visitation of 1620. One of the ancestors married the heiress of
Wray. Sir John Whiddon, the Judge, married a co-heiress of Shilston, by
a co-heiress of Upcott. John Whiddon, Gent., who appears to have been
the last of this family, was buried at Chagford in I76I.

Arms : — A chevron between 3 spears' heads, G.

Crest : — On a ducal coronet, Or, a swan seiant, S., beaked, Or.

Wichalse, or Witchalse, of Chudleigh, Barnstaple, Lincombe, in Ilfra-
combe, and of Linton. — This family continued about six or seven de-
scents in Devonshire. A co-heiress of Cottwell, and the heiress of Welsh,
of Pilton, married into this family : their estates were sold about the be-
ginning of the last century.

Anns : — Per fesse, A. and S., 6 crescents in pale, counter-changed.

Crest : — An antelope's head, erased, party per pale, A. and S., the neck
charged with 2 crescents in fesse counter-changed ; in the mouth a branch
of laurel, Proper.

Williams, of Stowford, or Stafford, in Harford, married the heiresses of
Drewe, of Drewe's Cliffe, and Prideaux, of Ashburton. Thomas Williams,
Speaker of the House of Commons, who was of Stafford, married a co-
heiress of Crues, of Chimley ; his grandson the heiress of Edgecumbe, of
Calstock. The estate was sold by the Speaker's grandson, before the year
1630.

Arms : — Party per fesse Vaire, A. and G., 3 curlews' heads erased,
counter-changed. The Speaker bore, Sable, S curlews' heads erased,
Argent.

Crest : — A curlew, Argent, beaked and legged, Or.

Willoughby, of Leyhill, in Pehembury, settled here before 1600; the
heiress married the grandfather of Sir John Trevelyan, Bart.
No arms are assigned to this family in the visitation of 1620.

Wolcott, of Wolcott, in Thurleston, Chagford, Lustleigh, Boterstow,
in Hemiock, Moreston, in Halberton, &c. &c. — Walter, the first-men-
tioned in the pedigree, married the heiress of Skerrett, of Chagford.
A co-heiress of Bozon, of Bozon's Hele, married also into this family.
The last of a branch of this family settled at Sidbury, was Captain James

Wolcott,

CCxxiv DEVONSHIRE.

Wolcott, of the navy, who distinguished himself at the taking of Berbice.
He died in 1811, leaving a daughter and only child, married to Yateman.
The name remains at Sidbury among the yeomanry.

Arms : — Per pale, Az. and G., on a cross patonce, Arg., five martlets,
on a chief, Or, a fleur-de-lis, between 2 annulets, purpure.

Crest : — An eagle's head issuant, guttee de sang, in the beak a fleur-de-
lis, Az,, charged with a bezant.

Wood, alias Atwood, of Harston, in Plymstock, and of Brixton. —
There had been five descents of the Woods, of Harston, in 1630. The
heiress of Carslake married into this family, which became extinct by the
deatli of John Wood, Esq., in 1743. One of his sisters died unmarried in
1786 ; the other married Winter. Matthew Wood, Esq., alderman of
London, is said to have been descended from a branch of this family.

Arms: — Quarterly 1. and 4., Argent, on a mount V., an oak-tree
fructed, Proper, 2. and 3. A., a bull's head erased, Sable.

Crest : — A demi-savage man, wreathed about the temples, Proper, in
his left hand a club guttee de sang, in his right hand an oak tree, eradicat-
ed, fructed, Proper. Confirmed in 1533.

Wood, or Atwood, of Ashridge, in North Tawton. See Atwood.

Wood, of Lew Trenchard, married a co-heiress of Trelawney. Five
descents of this family are described in the visitation of 1620. The
heiress married Mr. Joseph Pearce, whose daughter and only child, died
unmarried since the year 1800.

Arms : — Sable, semee of cross-crosslets, 3 lions' heads, Or.

Wotton, of Ingleborne, in the parish of Harberton. — Purchased in the
reign of Henry VIII. A co-heiress of Gibbes, of Venton, married into this
family ; the last heir male of which, Samuel Wotton, Esq., died about the
year 1795 : the heiress married Estcourt Cresswell ', Esq., now of Pinkney,
in the county of Wilts.

Arms : — Argent a saltier engrailed between 4 mullets, Sable.

i His daughter and only child, by the heiress of Wotton, married the Rev. Mr. Frye, and

died without issue. TTT

Wyke,

DEVONSHIRE. ccxxv

Wyke, Wykes, or Weeks, of North Wyke, in South Tawton. — Origi-
nally Wray — took the name of Wyke, on settling at North Wyke, in the
reign of Richard II. The co-heiresses of Burnell, Avenell, and Chichester,
married into this family. Francis Weeks, the last heir male of this family,
died in 1711- Two of his sisters and co-heiresses married Hunt, and Hole.
A branch of this family, who wrote the name Weeks, was of Honeychurch,
and afterwards of Broadwood Kelly, of which manor Francis Weeks was
lord, in the reign of Charles I.

Arms : — Erm., 3 battle-axes, Sable.

Yeo, of Heanton-Sachville, Hatherleigh, Huish, North Petherwin, &c. ;
said to have been originally of Tre Yeo, in the parish of Launcelles,
Cornwall ; but, with Mr. Prince, I think it more probable that they were
descended from a younger branch of the Yeos, of Yeo, in Alwington,
whose heiress, at an early period, married Giffard. This family settled at
Heanton, in consequence of a marriage with the heiress of Sachville, in the
fourteenth century. The heiresses of Esse, Pyne, Brightley, and a co-
heiress of Jewe, married also into this family. The heiress of the elder
branch, married Henry Rolle, Esq., who died in or about 1620. Lord
Clinton, is the representative of this branch. Younger branches were for
some generations of Reed, and Fishley, in Hatherleigh ; the former ap-
pears to have become extinct in 1662; the latter in I678. The Yeos, of
North Petherwin, were also of a younger branch of the Yeos, of Hather-
leigh. Leonard Yeo, Esq., the last of this branch, died in 1741 : the
heiress married Herring, whose heiress married Kingdon. The heiress of
Stapledon, of Nottinghamshire, married into this branch.

A younger branch of Yeo, of Heanton, was, for many generations, of
Huish. Edward Rooe Yeo, Esq., the representative of this branch, died
in 1782, being then one of the members for Coventry. The Rev. Beaple
Yeo was, after his death, the heir male of the family, and its present male
representative appears to be his grandson, William Arundell Yeo, Esq., of
Trevelver, in Cornwall. This branch of the Yeos, possessed Hawkridge,
in Chittlehampton. There was another branch of the Yeos at Plymouth,
of which was John Yeo, Esq., a superannuated admiral, who died in 1756 ;
his grandson, William Yeo, Esq., was living in 1774. The late brave Sir
James Yeo, was of this family.

Arms : — Argent, a chevron between 3 mallards k, Azure.

k The birds are sometimes described as drakes, sometimes shovelers, sometimes turkey-
cocks, &c. &c.

Vol. VI. f f Gentlemen's

CCXXV1

DEVONSHIRE.

Gentlemen's Seats.

Name of the Seat.

Parish.

Alston - - - 1

Malborough

Ambrook -

Ipplepen

Annery - -

Monkleigh

West Anstey

Arlington

Ash

Iddesleigh

■

Ashbury

Ashprington

Beechwood

Plympton

Bellair -

Heavitree -

Bellvue

Plymstock

Bickham -

Kenne

Blackhall

North Huish -

•

Bluehayes -

Broad Clist

Borough

Northam

Bowden -

Ashprington

Bowringsleigh -

West Allington

Bradfield

Urfculme

Bradford ...

Witheridge

Bradley

Highweek

Bremridge -

Sandford

Bridwell

Halberton -

Brookhill -

Broad Clist •

Buckland

Braunton -

Buckland FiUeigh

Buckland in the Moor

Buckland Toussaints -

...

Burrington -

Tithing of Weston Peverell

Bystock -

Colyton Raleigh

Calverleigh

Canonleigh

Burlescombe -

Castlepark

Lifton

Chaddlewood

Plympton

Churston Ferrers

Cleve

St. Thomas

Cockington

Cockwood

Dawlish

Cofflete

Yealmton

Coham

Black Torrington -

Coleridge -

Stokenham

Collipriest -

Tiverton

Combe - -

Gittisham -

Combe ...

Colebrooke

Combe Royal -

West Allington -

Combe Sacheville

Silverton -

Coryton

Kilmington

Cowley

Brampford Speke

Cross

Little Torrington -

Daddon

Bideford

Dallamore -

Cormvood

Dartington

•

Owners or Occupiers.

Abraham Hawkins, Esq.

Mr. William Neyle.

William Tardrew, Esq.

Willoughby Bryant Stawell, Esq.

Jo. Palmer Chichester, Esq.

Hugh Malet, Esq.

John Morth Woollcombe, Esq.

Major-General Adams.

Richard Rosdew, Esq.

G. A. Rhodes, Esq.

Mrs. Bulteel.

Mrs. Short.

Hubert Cornish, Esq.

Lieutenant-Colonel Lang

Vice-Admiral Barton.

Mrs. Adams.

Rev. Roope Ilbert.

William Henry Walrond, Esq.

Rev. W. P. Thomas.

Rev. Thomas Lane.

Richard Melhuish, Esq.

John Were Clarke, Esq.

Lieutenant-General Thomas.

Henry Webber, Esq.

Jo. Inglett Fortescue, Esq.

Mrs. Bastard.

William Clarke, Esq.

John Were Clarke, Esq.

Edward Divett, Esq.

Charles Chichester, Esq.

Thomas Browne, Esq., (unoccupied).

William Arundell Harris, Esq.

William Hales Symons, Esq.

In the occupation of Hon. George Vernon.

Thomas Northmore, Esq.

Rev. Roger Mallock.

Rev. Dr. Drury.

Rev. Thomas Lane.

Rev. William Holland Coham.

Michael Allen, Esq., (unoccupied).

James Hay, Esq., (unoccupied).

Rev. Thomas Putt.

John Sillifant, Esq.

John Luscombe Luscombe, Esq.

Mrs. Brown.

William Tucker, Esq.

Mrs. Wells.

Thomas Stevens, Esq.

Lewis William Buck, Esq.

Treby Hele Hayes, Esq.

Mrs. Champernowne.

Deerpark

DEVONSHIRE.

ccxxvn

Name of the Seat.

Parish.

Deerpark •

Buckerell -

Derriford

Egg Buckland

Doniton -

Swimbridge -

Dowries

Crediton

Dowrish -

Sandford

Dunsland

Bradford

Dun-ant

Northam -

Eastdon -

Dawlish

Eastleigh ■ -

Westleigh

Ebberley

Roborough

Edgecumbe

Milton Abbot

Edginswell

St. Mary Church

Little Efford

Egg Buckland

Eggesford

Elfordleigh

Plympton

Fallopit

East Allington

Farringdon - -

Foleton ...

Totnes

Ford

Woolborough

Ford Abbey

Thorncombe -

Fowelscombe -

Ugborough

Franklyn

St. Thomas

Fremington

Fuge ...

Blackauton

Fulford House -

Dunsford -

Fulford Park

Shobrooke and Crediton

Fursdon - -

Cadbury

Gatcombe -

Little Hempston

Gnaton - -

Newton Ferrers

Goodamore

Plympton

Grange - . -

Broad Hembury

Greenofen

Whitechurch -

Green way - - -

Brixham -

Hall -

Bishop's Tawton

Halsdon

Dolton

Ham -

Weston Peverell Tithing

Hampton

St. Mary Church -

Hartland Abbey -

Hartland -

Hayne -

Plymtree

Hayne

Stowford -

Hembury Fort

Buckerell

Hemerdon

Plympton -

Hillersdon -

Collumpton

Hockworthy -

Holcombe Rogus

Holwell ...

South Milton

Holystreet

Chagford

Horsewell - - -

South Milton

Huntsham

Ingleborne - - -

Harberton -

Ipplepen

Kelly -

...

Kitley ...

Yealmton

Langdon

Wembury

ff 2

Owners or Occupiers.

A. L. Shuldham, Esq.
J. C. Langmead, Esq.
Vice- Admiral Bury.
James Buller, Esq.
Mrs. Arabella Morgan.

("Occasionally inhabited by the Rev.

I W. Holland Coham.
J. S. Ley, Esq.
Richard Eales, Esq.
Rev. John Torr.
Henry Hole, Esq.
Richard Edgecumbe, Esq.
Rev. A. Neck.

Occupied by John Williams, Esq.
Honourable Newton Fellowes.
William Langmead, Esq.
E. N. W. Fortescue, Esq.
J. B. Chohvich, Esq.
Late Edward Cary, Esq.

("Belongs to Lord Courtenay ; in the
\ occupation of Ayshford Wise, Esq.
John Fraunceis Gwyn, Esq.
John King, Esq.
Late John Jones, Esq.
G. A. Barbor, Esq.
Late Charles Hayne, Esq.
Baldwin Fulford, Esq.
R. H. Tuckfield, Esq.
John Sydenham Fursdon, Esq.
Mrs. Cornish.
Henry Roe, Esq.
George Treby Treby, Esq.
William Drewe, Esq.
George Drake, Esq.
John Marwood Elton, Esq.
Charles Chichester, Esq.
Rev. P. W. Furse.
George Collins, Esq.
T. W. France, Esq.
Mrs. Orchard.
Rev. Charles Harward.
Isaac Harris, Esq.
Admiral R. Graves, (unoccupied).
George Woollcombe, Esq.
John Laxon Swete, Esq.
Charles Webster, Esq.
Peter Bluett, Esq.
Rev. H. A. Gilbert.
J. R. Southmead, Esq.
Peter Ilbert, Esq.
Rev. Dr. Troyte.
R. Brown, Esq.
George Drake, Esq.
Arthur Kelly, Esq.

Edmund Poflexfen Bastard, Esq. M.P.
Mrs. Calmady.

Langley

CCXXV111

UliVUWSHI

Name of the Scat.

Parish.

Langley ...

High Bickington

Larkbear

Tallaton

Leawood

Bridestowe

Leigham

Egg Buckland

Lew Trenchard

Lindridge
Loventor
Ludbrook

Bishop's Teignton
Berry Pomeroy
Ermington

Lupton
Luscombe

Brixham

Dawlish ...

Lymouth

Linton ...

Manadon

C Tithing of Weston Peve-
1 rell

Marpool

Withecombe Raleigh

Marridge

Ugborough . - -

Marwood

Montrath House

Broad Hembury

Cruwys Morchard

Mothecombe

Holbeton ...

Moult

Malborough

Mount Boone -

Townstall ...

Mount Ebf'ord

Woodbury

Mount Tavy

Tavistock ...

Netheway

Brixham -

Nevvcourt

Topsham ...

Nevvenham

Newplace

Newton-house

Plympton
King's Nympton
Newton St. Cyres

Norton

Churchstow

Oaklands
West Ogwell
Orleigh

Oakhampton
Buckland Brewer

Oxton . - -

Kenton - -

Park - -

Peamore

Bovey Tracey
Exminster

Pickwell

Georgeham

Petticombe

Monkleigh

Porthill

Northam

Portledge

Ahvington

Postlinch, or Puslinch -

Newton Ferrers

Pound ...

Buckland Monachorum -

Primley

Paignton

Priory

Pilton

Radford

Plymstock

Retreat
Rhode

Topsham
Uplime -

Rockbeare

Sadborough

Thorncombe

Sandridge

Stoke Gabriel

Sandwell

Harberton

Satterleigh
Scobell

South Pool

Owners or Occupiers.

George Smith, Esq.

Rev. Thomas Clack.

Calmady Pollexfen Hamlyn, Esq.

Addis Archer, Esq.

William Baring Gould, Esq.

Rev. John Templer.

Mrs Baker.

Rev. N. A. Bartlett.
J. Buller Yarde Buller, Esq.
Charles Hoare, Esq.
John Lock, Esq.

{Lately Mrs. Waldron, now Lady El-
ford, at present unoccupied.
William Hull, Esq.
Unoccupied.

{C. Cutclirle, Esq., occupied by Rev.
William Mules.
Mrs. Walrond.
Mrs. Sharland.

f Belongs to Henry Legassick, Esq.,

\ occupied by Mrs. Harris.
William Jackson, Esq.
John Seale, Esq.
Thomas Huckell Lee, Esq.
John Carpenter, Esq.
J. F. Luttrell, Esq.
John Bawden Cresswell, Esq.
George Strode, Esq.
John Buller, Esq.
John Quicke, Esq.
John Hawkins, Esq.
Albany Savile, Esq. M. P.
P. J. Taylor, Esq.
John Hanning, Esq.
John Beaumont Swete, Esq.
George Hunt Clapp, Esq.
Samuel Kekewich, Esq.
Untenanted.
Miss Saltren.

{Sir R. G. Keats, occupied by Thomas
Smith, Esq.
Richard Pine Coffin, Esq.
John Yonge, Esq.
Sir Herbert Sawyer, K.C.B.
Rev. Finney Belfield.
John Whyte, Esq.
John Harris, Esq.

Alexander Hamilton Hamilton, Esq.
Sir John Talbot, K.B.
Thomas Porter, Esq.
Mrs. Bidgood.
J. Bragg, Esq.

J (Lord Ashburton,) occupied by H.

\ W. Newman, Esq.
J. Bennet, Esq.
Henry Byne, Esq.
Thomas Cornish, Esq.

Sharphaui

DEVONSHIRE.

ccxxix

Name of the Seat.

Parish.

Sharpham

Ashprington

Shaugh

Luppit

Sheephay

St. Mary Church

Shilston

Modbury

Sidbury house

Sidbury

Slack

Cornwood

Sorteridge

Whitechurch

Speechwick

Widdecomb-in-the-Moor

Spreydon -

Broad Clist

Stedcorabe, or Stul

Axmouth

combe

Stokehill

Heavitree

Stokeley

Stokenham

Stover Lodge

Teigngrace

Stoodley

....

Sydenham

Marystow

Tapelegh

Westleigh

Tidwell

East Budleigh

West Timewell

Morebath

Tor Abbey

Tor Mohun

Tor Royal

Lidford

Tothill

Charles, Plymouth

Trehill

Kenne

Trowbridge

Crediton

Umberleigh

Atherington

Upland -

Tamerton Foliot -

Upton

Brixham

Warleigh

Tamerton Foliot

Watermouth

Berry Narbor

Watton Court -

Stoke Gabriel -

Way

Chagford

Westcott

Rockbear

Weston

Branscombe

Whitleigh

St. Budock

Wibbery

Alverdiscott

Widdecombe

Stokenham

Widey

Egg Buckland

Wimpston

■

Modbury

Winscot

Petrockstow

Winslade

St. Mary Clist -

Wiscombe Park

•

Southleigh

Wolford Lodge

Dunkeswell

Wood

Woodleigh

Woodovis

Tavistock

Woolston

Loddiswell

Yeotown

Goodleigh

Yeo Vale

Alwington

Zephyr Lodge

Tiverton

Owners or Occupiers.

John Bastard, Esq., M. P.
Rev. James Bernard.
Rev. William Kitson.
Christopher Savery, Esq.
Robert Hunt, Esq.
John Spurrell Pode, Esq.
Rev. Henry Pengelly.

f Lord Ashburton, on lease to George

X Leach, Esq.
Aaron Moore, Esq.

John Hallet, Esq.

Joseph Sanders, Esq.

Lydstone Newman, Esq.

George Templer, Esq.

J. N. Fazakerley, Esq., M. P.

J. H. Tremayne, Esq.

A. Saltren Willett, Esq., (unoccupied).

{Mrs. Edye, now or lately occupied by
— Fisher, Esq.
Mrs. Bere.

(George Cary, Esq., occupied by R.

\ Peel, Esq.
Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt.
Mrs. Cuhne.
Henry Ley, Esq.

f John Yarde, Esq., the property of his

\ niece.

John Davie Basset, Esq.
Jonathan Elford, Esq.
George Cutler, Esq.
Rev. Walter Radcliffe.
Joseph Davie Basset, Esq.
Henry Studdy, Esq.
John Coniam, Esq.
Rev. John Elliot.

Barnaby John Stuckey Bartlett, Esq.
Edward Henry Gennys, Esq.
John Mervin Cutcliffe, Esq.
Arthur Holdsworth, Esq.
Henry Anderson Morshead, Esq.
William L. Prettyjohn, Esq.
Thomas Stevens, Esq.
— Porter, Esq.
Charles Gordon, Esq.
Mrs. Simcoe.

John Luscombe Luscombe, Esq.
Jonas Morgan, Esq.
George F. Wise, Esq.
R. N. Incledon, Esq.
Rev. Thomas Hooper Morrison.
Philip Blundell, Esq.

Among the seats of the ancient gentry, of which but few traces remain,
are, Afton Castle, the seat of the Aftons, and afterwards of the Stucleys;
Bradstone, of the Clobenys ; Gidley Castle, of the Prous family ; Mohuns

Otteiy,

CCXKX

DEVONSHIRE.

Ottery, of the Carews ; and Pinhoe, of the Cheyneys. Among those
which remain, or did lately remain, in a dilapidated state, and mostly
occupied as farm-houses, may be reckoned the following :

Decayed Mansions.

Names of the Seats.

Parishes.

Rashleigh

Wemworthy

Sand - -

Sidbury

Santon

Braunton

Spridlestone

Brixton

Totley

Black Torrington

Weare Gifford

Yarty

Membury

Families to whom they belonged.

Rashleigh, and afterwards Clotworthy.

Huyshe.

Lutterell.

Fortescue.

Davels, afterwards Harris.

Fortescue.

F'rye.

Forests and Deer-Parks.

The ancient and extensive forest of Dartmoor is in this county', and
that of Exmoor is generally described as partly in Devonshire ; but I am
assured from good authority, that although very extensive commons ad-
joining to the forest, and scarcely separated from it by any visible bound-
aries, are in this county, yet the whole of the forest is in Somersetshire.

The only park described as existing in Devonshire, at the time of the
Domesday survey, is that of Winkleigh, not noticed in any later account.
The peregrination of Dr. Boorde, in the reign of Henry VIII.6, mentions
parks at Umberley, Testock, (most probably Tavistock,) Mownsatro,
(Mohun's Ottery) ; Colriche ; Chymley, (Chulmleigh) ; Chilitilton, (Chit-
tlehampton); Whitchurch, Colcombe, Coliton, Shute, Wiscan, (Wiscombej;
Kirklake, Kirton, (Crediton) ; Glyst, (Clist) ; Tyverton, alias Goodbere,
Ashley, Afton, Okington, (Oakhampton) ; and Caadley, (Calwodley).

Westcote observes that there were in his time " some few parks re-
maining of the great store our fathers could speak of;" he mentions old
parks at Annery, Inwardleigh, Brightleigh, Filleigh, and two at Tiverton.
Dr. Boorde speaks of but one ; and those at Annery, &c, are omitted by
him. I find mention also of some ancient parks, not occurring in either
list. The Earl of Cornwall had a park at Braneys, (Bradninch) ; the
abbot of Hartland had two ; the Bottreaux family had one at Molland,
the Cogans one at Uffculme, the Crockers one at Lyneham, the Pollards

» See more of Dartmoor, p. 314. of the Parochial History.
b MS. in the British Museum.

one

DEVONSHIRE. ccxxxi

one at King's Nympton, and Sir Thomas Brown one in the parish of
Langtree ; Sergeant Hele made a park at Wembury in the reign of
Queen Elizabeth. There was a park at Ashton, the seat of the Chudleighs.
The present deer-parks in the county are :

Werrington - - belonging to the Duke of Northumberland.

Castlehill .... Earl Fortescue.

Mount Edgecumbe - - - Earl of Mount Edgecumbe.

Heanton .... Lord Clinton.

Ugbrook .... Lord Clifford.

Bicton and Stevenstone - - - Lord Rolle.

Eggesford .... Honourable Newton Fellowes.

Killerton - - - - Sir T. D. Acland, Bart.

Shute - - • Sir W. T. Pole, Bart.

Poltimore - - - - Sir C. Bampfylde, Bart.

Creedy - - - - - Sir John Davie, Bart.

Youlston - • - - Sir A. Chichester, Bart.

Clovelly - - - - Sir James Hamlyn Williams, Bart.

Great Fulford ... Baldwin Fulford, Esq.

Fulford Park - - - - R. H. Tuckfield, Esq.

Newnham .... George Strode, Esq.

Ogwell - • - - P. J. Taylor, Esq.

Whyddon .... Edward Seymour Bayley, Esq.

Red deei;ferw natures, the remains of the inhabitants of the royal forest
of Exmoor, still abound in sufficient quantities in the Devonshire woods,
south of the forest, as well as in those of Somersetshire, to yield sport to
the neighbouring nobility and gentry. A stag hunt has been for many
years kept up in this vicinity. The hounds were formerly kept by Mr. Dyke,
of Somersetshire, whose heiress married Sir Thomas Acland's grandfather,
and afterwards by the Aclands. After the death of the late Sir Thomas
Acland, they were kept for a while by Mr. Basset. After this, they were
kept for several years by Lord Eortescue, at Castlehill, who, about three
years ago, made them over to R. Lucas, Esq., of Baronshill, in Somerset-
shire. The average number of deer killed in a season has been about 10
stags, and about double that number of hinds. b Marshall, in his " Rural
CEconomy of the Western Counties," observes, that wild deer abounded in
the woods of the west of Devon ; but that through the good offices of the
Duke of Bedford, the country was then (about 1795) nearly free from them.

b From the information of Lord Fortescue, who has obligingly furthered my researches in
Devon in various ways.

GEO-

ccxxxii DEVONSHIRE.

GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTY.

Situation, Boundaries, Extent, §c. — Devonshire is a maritime county
in the south-west of England, bounded on the north-east by Somerset-
shire ; east and south, by a part of Dorsetshire and the English channel ;
west, by Cornwall and the Bristol channel ; and north, by the Bristol
channel. It is about 70 miles from north to south ; 65 from east to west ;
and about 280 in circumference. It is calculated, that it has, altogether,
above 130 miles of sea-coast. Eraser computed its contents at 1,600,000
acres ; Vancouver says, that the most modern calculation assigns it an area
of 1,595,309 acres ; or, 2493 miles. It appears by the Ordnance Survey
to be 1,519,360 acres, or 237* square miles.

Fraser supposes, that there are about 320,000 acres, being a fifth of the
whole county in waste land. Dartmoor alone, has been estimated at
100,000. Fraser computes it at 80,000 ; but Mr. T. Gray's survey makes it
only 53,644 acres. Former computations had included, probably, the very
extensive and numerous commons c which adjoin ; the owners of which,
being freeholders, on paying certain small sums, have a right of pasture
thereon. These are called venville tenants, or having right of venville.
There are also very extensive commons adjoining to Exmoor ; commons
of great extent near Bridestowe ; besides Roborough-down, Blackdown,
near Plymouth, Blackdown on the borders of Somersetshire, Haldon,
&c. &c. &c. The cultivated land is, perhaps, pretty equally divided
between arable and pasture ; but the greater portion is of the latter : in
the South Hams, arable predominates in a proportion of at least three to
one ; in the north of Devon, pasture prevails in about the same proportion ;
and both in the east and the extreme western part of the county the
greater part of the cultivated land is in pasture.

Soils, Strata, S^c. — The soil of Devon is extremely various, but may be
generally characterised according to the rock, or stratified substances which it
covers, as granitical, slatey, calcareous, arenaceous, argillaceous, gravelly, and
loamy. The poorest of all these, is the soil which covers the granite of
Dartmoor, which has also the disadvantages of a cold wet climate : that
which lies on the slate district, is more or less fertile, and fit for all the
purposes of agriculture. Very extensive tracts, however, of this soil, are of
a thin staple ; others are in contact with a cold bed of clay ; and some are
so elevated as to have a very low degree of temperature. Generally speak-
ing, the more broken the surface of the country is, the less it partakes of

e That of Walkhampton alone, is said to contain 10,000 acres. Haytor-down, on the east
side, is also very extensive.

these

DEVONSHIRE. ccxxxiii

these defects, the broadest swells being the most barren. The portions of
this soil, which are the most distinguished for their fertility, appear to be
indebted for it to the contiguity of limestone, or greenstone rocks, which
occur in so many parts of the slate district, particularly in the South Hams.

The red colour which characterises the best soils both in the South Hams
and the eastern division of the county, and which seems to be so closely
connected with the principle of fertility, proceeds from an abundant mix-
ture of iron, in a highly oxidated state.

An intelligent correspondent, professionally acquainted with the lands
of this district", observes, " the surface and soil of that part of the South
Hams which is bounded by the rivers Dart and Erme, generally speaking,
is a red loam of a hazel-nut brown colour, mostly on a substratum of
of slate, small fragments of rotten slate being frequently mixed with it.

" This soil is rich and friable. The hills and slopes are excellent corn
and sheep lands ; the valleys are remarkably rich, and are converted into
orchards and watered meadows; the first producing excellent cyder, and the
latter the finest of hay, and the earliest of grass : it may be said of almost
every spring, that it is almost equal to any in the kingdom for irrigation.

" The soil of that part of the South Hams which lies on the east side of
the river Dart, and between it and Torbay, is somewhat of the same
colour, but more red and rich ; generally on a substratum of marble rock.
This part produces excellent pasture for cattle ; the valleys, like those
before described, are converted into orchards and watered meadows. The
other part of the South Hams, situated to the north-west of the river
Erme, is nearly similar to those already described, lying on slate, marble,
and in some instances, on clay."

There is abundance of rich meadow land also in the vales of the Exe
and the Otter.

A considerable part of the county northward of Hatherleigh and Hols-
worthy, and extending eastward to Chulmleigh, Bradninch, &c, is chiefly
on clay. A large district extending from Dartmoor, westward to the
Tamar ; northward to Hatherleigh and Holsworthy ; and eastward towards
Newton Bushell, is chiefly sandy or gravelly. To the north-east of the
Taw, the soil is of a light quality, on a substratum of grey wacke,
or, as it is called in Devonshire, dunstone. Towards Hartland Point

* Mr. Richard Hawkins, of King&bridge.
Vol. VI. g g there

CCXXX1V

DEVONSHIRE.

there is much clay and moorland : a vein of black soil runs through
Filleifh and Swimbridge ; and a narrow vein of the red soil from North
Molton to Challocombe : the soil about Blackdown and Haldon is
flinty.

The rich red soil before described, and which is of great depth, is some-
times used as a manure for the poorer lands. The chief manures of the
county are sea sand, brought in great quantities from Bude, on the north
coast; for the conveyance of which a canal is now making; and lime.
Westcote, who wrote in the reign of Charles I., speaks of the latter as an
excellent manure, then lately come into use.

" The strata of this county are so disposed, that a very considerable por-
tion of its entire area will be found to belong to the same formation as
Cornwall ; and the remainder, which occupies about one-third, may be-
referred with propriety to Somersetshire and Dorsetshire : in the language
of geologists, Devonshire is a primitive country on the west, a secondary
country on the east, and a country of transition on the north, as well as on
the south from Torbay to Plymouth.

" The characteristic features of this county are, three very elevated groups
of hills, which have had a great, influence in determining its hydrographical
outline. One of these, (Dartmoor,) is wholly included in the boundary of
the county : the others, (Exmoor and Blackdown,) are included in part
only : they belong to three distinct systems of formation.

" The forms of these elevated districts are in some measure characteristic
of this difference in the nature of their constituent strata : Dartmoor,
which presents the broadest surface, being steep only at its base, or line of
junction with the surrounding district of argillaceous slate; Blackdown
being distinguished by its tabular summits, and Exmoor, by the gradual
rise and expansion of the hills which cluster around it. Some difference
too may be perceived in the direction of the ridges which constitute the
principal features of these highland districts ; for those of Exmoor run
nearly east and west ; those of Blackdown, at right angles to the former;
while the predominating undulations of the surface of Dartmoor are nearly
in the direction of north-west and south-east : the hills of Haldon being
here considered as insulated ridges, belonging to the same formation as
Blackdown.

" The watersheds of Dartmoor and Exmoor are principally to the south.
as well as those of the Devonshire portion of Blackdown ; the highest
points, therefore, lie to the north of each. In respect to the interior of

Dartmoor,

DEVONSHIRE. ccxxxv

Dartmoor, the inclination of the line of descent in the unbroken surface of
this high district, is not very considerable. The same may be observed of
the slate district which surrounds Dartmoor, and extends through a great
part of Devonshire ; and it is moreover remarkable, that some of the
highest points in the county are the farthest removed from this moor ; a
circumstance which is very plainly indicated by the rise and semi-circular
bend of the Torridge, the sources of which river lie near the north coast,
at a very small distance from those of the Tamar. The two other treat
rivers of this county point out in the same manner the varying direction
of its line of descent; the Taw, which runs northward, taking its rise both
from Dartmoor and Exmoor ; and the Exe, which runs southward, proceed-
ing from Exmoor and Blackdown.

" It is a singularity worthy of remark, that the Teign, which rises on the
north side of Dartmoor, should find its way by so circuitous a route to the
southern coast. Many other considerable rivers flow from the heights of
Dartmoor, and wind their way by deep and intricate channels to the estu-
aries on the same coast.

" On a nearer examination of this extensive county, with a view to the
analysis of its structure, and the arrangement of the strata which compose
it, in the natural order of their succession, the whole may be resolved into
four grand divisions: first, the district of granite, and primitive argillaceous
slate; secondly, the district of transition slate or grey wac&e ; thirdly,
the district of red sand stone ; fourthly, that of green sand. To these
must be added, three small tracts occupied by lias, chalk, Bovey coal, and
pipe-clay.

" To begin with the granitic strata, which are the oldest : these compose
the greater part of that elevated tract which is known under the name of
Dartmoor. A geological traveller, (Berger,) who crossed this district in a
direction from south to north, describes its appearance in the following
words. ' Erom Harford church, the country assumes quite a bare and
Alpine appearance, presenting a vast plain, extending beyond the visible
horizon. The face of the country is formed by swellings and undulations,
gradually overtopping each other, without ever forming very distinct
mountains.'

" The mean height of Dartmoor, according to the report of General
Mudge, is 1782 feet above the level of the sea ; while that of the most
commanding situations around it, is only 737 feet. The same gentleman
estimates the highest part of the moor, (Cawsand bog,) at 2090 feet ; an

g g 2 elevation

ccxxxvi DEVONSHIRE.

elevation much inferior to that of Snowdon, and of Ben Nevis. The
effects, however, of this elevation, upon the climate of the whole district,
and the contiguous country, are not the less characteristic of a mountain-
ous region. c

" The numerous clusters of rifted rocks, which are exposed on the surface
of this dreary waste, and are known under the name of Tors, mark the
long period of time during which the strata have heen suhject to decompo-
sition. These insulated masses of granite appear not to have been moved
by any catastrophe whatever from the position in which they were originally
formed ; and they owe their present figure, in a great measure, to the re-
sistance which their more perfect crystallization has enabled them to make
to the destructive influence of the atmosphere. Similar groups of rocks
occur in all the granitic districts of Cornwall. The granite of Dartmoor is
remarkable for the great size of the crystals of feltspar which are dis-
persed through its mass, and for the binary form of aggregation which they
assume in many situations. Its transition into other primitive rocks has
been traced in various instances on the borders of the moor, although not
to any great extent. To these observations on the strata of Dartmoor,
may be added, that they are metalliferous, for they not only contain veins
of tin, but even the rock itself is sometimes impregnated with this metal.

" From Dartmoor, we descend on all sides to a district of argillaceous
slate, which closely invests it. The average height of this district can-
not much exceed 500 feet ; tne greatest at which Berger perceived it
to rise, at the point of contact on the south, was 631 feet ; but on the
western flanks of Dartmoor, it was found to rise as high as 1129 feet above
the sea level ; its fall from this point being proportionably rapid.

" An attempt has been made in the late ordnance map of Devon to give
some idea of the very uneven surface of this large portion of the county,
which has been described by an agricultural writer, (Marshall,) and not
inaptly, as ' billowy in the extreme, being wholly composed of high swells,
separated by close narrow valleys. Some of these swells,' he adds, ' are
nearly hemispherical.'

" Nor is this character of the surface wholly independent of the strata
which compose its interior. Of all the primitive rocks, argillaceous slate
is that which is the most subject to decomposition ; and the mouldering

e As a confirmation of this observation, several plants, which occur only in the most Alpine
situations, have been discovered on the higher parts of Dartmoor.

effects

DEVONSHIRE. ccxxxvii

effects of the weather will, in part, account for the smooth and rounded
form which the hills of this district have assumed. On the other hand,
some variation in the nature of the slate itself, and the interposition of
heterogeneous and subordinate strata, will assist to explain the cause of
those differences, or anomalies, which are observable in the external cha-
racter of the district.

" To particularize all these changes and transitions would exceed the
limits prescribed by an abridged view of the geology of Devon. The cir-
cumstances which most deserve notice, are the beds of limestone, and the
masses of greenstone, which occur in so many parts of this district. It is
difficult to say, whether the former, alternating as it does with strata of
obscurely characterised slate, ought not to be separated from the primitive
rocks, and referred to the same period of formation with the limestone
rock, which alternates with argillaceous slate, in the vicinity of Plymouth,
Ashburton, Torbay, Chudleigh, and Newton Bushel, although the organic
remains, which occur in greater abundance in these last, mark more de-
cidedly their place in the transition series. Some of these detached masses
of limestone rock approach pretty near to the edge of Dartmoor.

" Strata, which for the most part may be referred to the compound rock,
denominated greenstone, present themselves in various parts of the slate
district on the northern and western sides of Dartmoor, and appear, by
their position, to be of a contemporary origin with the slate in which they
occur. A singular variety of this rock, which, from its application to the
purposes of building, is there called freestone, occurs in regular beds of
great thickness, in the parishes of Clawton, Ashwater, Holwell, Beaworthy,
and North Lew : the mass has a whitish grev colour, and is composed of
minute aggregated crystals of feltspar. Those detached portions, also, of
an amygdaloidal trap-rock, which have been observed in so many situations
around Dartmoor, appear to have some connection with this formation.

" The argillaceous slate of Devon, in those positions where it is either
contiguous to, or not far removed from the granitic rocks, is occasionally
metalliferous, affording veins of tin, copper, and lead. Those of tin and
lead have been opened and worked at an early period of our history ; but
those of copper are a comparatively recent discovery. It would be dif-
ficult to point out a mining field altogether of more geological interest
than that which, in the last thirty years, has been explored both to the
east and west of the town of Tavistock. The veins, or as they are here
called in the mining language of Cornwall, the lodes, run nearly in the

same

ccxxxviii DEVONSHIRE.

same direction as those in the adjoining county, the tin and copper lodes,
north-east and south-west, approaching more or less to east and west, and
the lead lodes nearly at right angles to these : all of them are intersected
by lodes of more recent formation.

" In the description of the Tavistock canal, by Mr. J. Taylor, which has
been printed in the Transactions of the Geological Society, many other
curious particulars are stated of the lodes which abound in this part of the
county ; and it appears, from the section of the mining field between the
Tamar and the Tavy, which is there given, that the strata contain a consi-
derable number of alternating beds of the porphyritic rock, which is known
in Cornwall under the name of elvan. Their line of bearing is east and
west, and they seem to have some connection with the granitic strata
which lie beneath the slate on the Cornish bank of the Tamar. The same
section exhibits an instance of the conformity of the underlie of the veins
to the two opposite inclinations of the surface of the hill. The principal
lead lode at Beeralston is remarkable for its size, and the extent to which
it has been traced. Lodes of tin and copper have been discovered in
various situations in the slate district, on the south-eastern side of Dart-
moor, but chiefly in the vicinity of Ashburton. Others, of lead ore, at
Rattery and Dartington, on the south ; at Usington, on the east , and at
Newton St. Cyres, on the north-east of the moor.

" Adopting the language which is now so much in use, we have applied
the denomination of a primitive country both to Dartmoor and to the dis-
trict of slate immediately around it ; but it is proper that we should now
explain the nature of that distinction which geologists have thought proper
to make between the strata which are of primitive, those which are of
secondary, and those which are of intermediate formation. It appears then,
from all the observations, that have yet been made on the interior structure
of the earth, that the various stratified masses of which it is composed
have been deposited in succession over each other at irregular intervals,
and under very different circumstances. Those which have been formed
at a period antecedent to animal or vegetable life, are not improperly called
primitive, in opposition to the secondary strata, which comprehend most of
the other rocks. It has, however, been found convenient to arrange in
an intermediate class, such as form the link of connection between these
two, some of which differ in no other respect from the strata of the first
class, than in the circumstance of their containing the exuvia; above men-
tioned. This is the case with argillaceous slate ; and the consequence has

been,

DEVONSHIRE. ccxxxix

been, that great portions of country composed of this rock, are now sepa-
rated from the primitive class, and arranged either among the secondary,
or the intermediate ; often not without some violence to natural order, it
being scarcely possible, in the absence of the above criterion, to decide
where the primitive slate of the same district ends, and the intermediate
begins, the characters of both being so much alike.

" These remarks are particularly applicable to the strata of the north of
Devon, which we shall now proceed to consider. The two districts which
they compose, have been already noticed among the most prominent fea-
tures of the county ; and one of them, (Exmoor,) is very strongly charac-
terised by its elevation (1890 feet).

" In arranging the strata of these districts in the class of intermediate
rocks, under the names of transition slate and grey wacke, we follow the
authority of two most respectable geologists, (Mr. Leonard Horner, and
the Rev. John Conybeare), both of whom have stated, with all the candour
and precision of men of science, their reasons for adopting this distinction.
With regard to Exmoor, ' The whole of the mountainous part of this
district,' says Mr. Horner, ' is formed of a series of rocks differing very
considerably in mineralogical characters, but which the repeated altern-
ations of the several varieties, and the insensible gradations that are
frequently to be traced of one into another, connect in one common form-
ation. A great proportion of these have the structure of sand stones,
the component parts varying in size from that of a mustard seed to
such a degree of fineness, that the particles can with difficulty be dis-
cerned. Quartz and clay are the essential component parts of all the
varieties, but in different proportions. The quartz in some instances
prevails to the entire exclusion of any other ingredient, forming a granular
quartz rock ; it is more abundant in the aggregates of a coarse grain, clay
being the chief ingredient in those of a close and fissile texture. They
have all an internal stratified structure, which is less apparent in those of
a coarse grain, but which gradually becomes more distinct as the texture
becomes finer, and at last the rock graduates into a fine grained slate,
divisible into laminae as thin as paper, and having the smooth silky feel
and shining surface of the clay-slate of a primary country. Alternations
of the fine grained slaty varieties with those of the coarsest structure, in
many successive strata, and without any regularity of position, are of
constant occurrence, and frequently without any gradation from one struc-
ture to another.' ' Those of a pale reddish brown, and of a greenish

grey

ccxl DEVONSHIRE.

grey colour,' he observes, 'all effervesce with acids; but none of the
varieties of slate.' He adds, ' I did not discover a trace of any organic
body in either variety ; but in many places great beds of limestone full of
madrepores are contained in the slate ; the limestone and slate towards
the external parts of the beds being interstratified.'

" Mr. Horner's observations were mostly confined to the eastern extremity
of this range of hills ; but a cursory examination of the country between
Porlock and Ilfracombe enables him to add, ' In the road which is
eastward of Linton, the coarser grained varieties are most frequent ; but
westward of that place, the slaty varieties predominate, very often resem-
bling some kinds of iron-grey clay-slate, found in primary countries.
Towards Ilfracombe this appearance becomes still more decided, and in a
cabinet specimen it would be impossible to tell the difference. But beds
of limestone with very decided indications of organic remains, contained
in this slate, show that it is of secondary formation.' In another place
Mr. Horner speaks of the curvatures which are so remarkable in the beds
of the slate-rock between Minehead and Porlock, and in other situations
he notices their angular contortions.

" In an account of the strata near Clovelly, which is likewise published
in the Transactions of the Geological Society, Mr. Conybeare describes
some more instances of this remarkable configuration, which he considers
as characteristic of, though not confined to, the grey wacke formation.
' To that class,' says he, ' all the rocks of this neighbourhood may
probably be referred. The principal varieties are those known throughout
Devonshire by the appellation of dvnstone and shillat ; the former answers
pretty accurately to the description usually given by mineralogists to that
species of grey wacke, in which the fragments supposed to be cemented
together by the intervention of a paste resembling the matter of clay-slate,
are too small to be discerned, even by the aid of a considerable magnifier.
The latter alternates with the former, and is evidently a finer grey wacke
slate of the same nomenclature. Of these rocks, the coast near Clovelly
presents the most magnificent and interesting sections which we met with
in the course of our tour : both varieties sometimes alternating in distinct
and well defined strata, sometimes appearing to graduate into each other,
and the compact species assuming the external configuration of greenstone
or serpentine. The strata inclining in every direction, and describing the
most capricious and picturesque forms, both curved and angular, open an
abundant field of instruction to the geologist ; while they present difficul-
ties,

DEVONSHIRE. ccxli

ties, of which neither the theory of original deposition on an uneven
surface, or a subsequent dislocation, appear to promise any plausible solu-
tion.' ' In neither variety of the rock could we discover any traces of
organic remains, nor could we perceive any imbedded fragments that
should indicate their having been formed from the debris of an earlier
rock.'

" In the map which accompanies Vancouver's Agricultural Survey of
Devonshire, are traced four or five parallel courses or stratified beds of
limestone, which extend through a great part of the Exmoor district, in
a direction nearly east and west ; two of these from the vicinity of Ilfra-
combe, and two from Barnstaple bay towards South Molton. The existence
of one of the former is merely inferred from what Mr. Vancouver had
observed on the cliff's at one end of the course, and at a place southward
of Lanacre bridge, in Somersetshire. He traces the other from the cliffs
a little to the westward of the parish of Ilfracombe, eastwardly to Berry -
Narber lime-works, thence north of East Downe, and south of Kentisbury
to the Challacombe lime-works, the specimens from all which places, he
says, correspond in colour, whicli is a greyish brown : ' its texture is
very close, and it is more glossy in its fracture than other limestone, and
interspersed with minute veins of calcareous spar. It is not easy to dis-
tinguish it at sight from the hard slaty rock.'

" The next stratum of limestone, according to the same authority, com-
poses a part of the promontory that projects northwardly in the parish of
Fremington, and occasions that sudden bend in the river Taw, opposite to
Heanton House. Mr. Vancouver supposes that this continues through the
parishes of Braunton, Heanton-Punchardon, and Barnstaple, but no part of
it to the south of the Taw. The fourth stratum or bed crops out, he observes,
near St. Anne's chapel, in the parish of Heanton-Punchardon; passing thence
eastwrardly through the parish of Fremington, where it does not exceed
five feet in thickness, and is inclosed in a stratum of hard bluish building-
stone, occasionally veined with quartz ; thence through Bickington,
Bishop's Tawton, Swimbridge, the northern part of Filleigh, and the
southern part of Molland Bottreaux, West Anstey, and through the
parishes of Dulverton and Shilgate, in Somersetshire. It consists of a
stratum of transition limestone, of from ten to twenty feet in thickness,
highly inclined and irregular in its dip, and imbedded in a stratum of hard
bluish building-stone like the preceding, which it greatly resembles.

Vol. VI. h h " Southward

ccxlii DEVONSHIRE.

" Southward of this line, and near Instow, is another stratified body of
limestone, from one to three feet in thickness, extending eastwardly
through the northern parts of the parish of Harwood, thence in the same
direction through the parishes of Chittlehampton, South Molton, the
northern parts of Bishop's Nympton, by Ward's mill, through the parishes
of East Anstey, and Brushford. This, which resembles the preceding,
he says, is inclosed in a compact bed of thick slate or flagstone. These
beds of limestone contain occasionally organic remains, but not in great
abundance : near South Molton Mr. Buckland found fragments of encri-
nites and coralline bodies, and a perfect nautilus in the limestone quarries
of Filleigh.

" All these limestone beds have a general agreement in their dark blue
colour, and other characters, and all are of contemporary formation with
the grey wacke slate rock, with which they alternate. The appellation of
transition limestone may therefore, with strict propriety, be applied to them.
Marshal speaks of the black limestone of the quarry at Filleigh, which
belongs probably to Vancouver's fourth course, and again of the same
black limestone near Dulverton. Several courses of limestone, of a
similar nature, are pointed out by both these writers to the eastward of
Exmoor, on the borders of the county. The very strong resemblance
which all these stratified masses of limestone bear to those which are
described by Vancouver on the north and south of Dartmoor, leads to a
conclusion in favour of their common origin.

" Mr. Vancouver next notices a bed of culm, or anthracite, in the parish
of Chittlehampton, varying from four to twelve inches in thickness, which
follows the general direction of the strata of grey wacke in which it is
imbedded ; and veins of copper ore in the parishes of Swimbridge and
North Molton. According to a report once made to us by Mr. Gullet,
who, in the year 1790, re-opened the old mines at Combe Martin, there
are a considerable number of lead veins in that part of Exmoor.

" Of the four districts into which a due respect to received opinions has
induced us to divide the strata of this county, we have now described
the two first, namely, the primitive and the transition series, between
which it is extremely difficult to draw any precise and well-marked line of
division. Nature, in fact, can scarcely be said to have justified their
separation. The third and fourth, however, which we shall now proceed
to consider, present a new aspect ; being composed of strata which are
in no respect connected with the preceding, and belong to a much later

period

DEVONSHIRE. ccxliii

period in the history of stratification. They are usually designated by
the names of the red sandstone formation and the green sand district.

" The boundaries of the first of these are strongly marked by its pecu-
liarity of colour, derived from the diffusion through its substance of a
brick-red coloured oxyde of iron. Generally speaking, it occupies the
least elevated portions of the county, and skirts along the base of the
hilly district last described, extending north-eastward into Somersetshire,
and stretching away to the westward, between the ridges of argillaceous
slate, as far as Hatherleigh. Woodbury Hill, on the south-east of Exeter,
and a ridge of hills that lies between Silverton and Crediton, afford the
highest points to which it has risen. On the coast, it occupies great
part of the cliffs from Sidmouth westward to Torbay. This formation
rarely presents any imbedded exuviae of the animal or vegetable kingdom,
and its earliest conglomerate beds appear to have been formed under circum-
stances of very disturbed deposition. Some change too in their original
posture seems to have taken place after their induration ; for the cliffs
abound in dislocations which have been attended with partial subsidences
in all directions. The most important of its component beds are a stiff*
red clay, a red sandstone, and a red conglomerate, the fullest information
respecting which is conveyed in the following report by Dr. Berger.

" The quarry of Heavitree is situated about a mile and half from
Exeter, on the road to Honiton. It is worked to the extent of a quarter
of a mile in length, and at present (1809) to the depth of about 90 or 100
feet, in a plane intersecting that of the strata. The rock worked in this
quarry is a conglomerate evidently stratified ; the strata are from 6 to
8 feet in thickness, and dip south-east at an angle of about lo°." As
long as this rock preserves the character of a conglomerate, it is compact
and tenacious, and, according to the report of the workmen employed in
the quarry, it hardens more and more by exposure to the air. But as
soon as it passes to the state of an arenaceous stone, it becomes tender
and friable. It is very common to see blocks of it in this last state, and
sometimes of a great size, included in the middle of the conglomerate.
The cement of this rock is argillo-ferruginous, and by itself does not
effervesce with acids ; but it produces so brisk an effervescence from the
calcareous particles that are intimately mixed with it, that it might be very
easily mistaken for limestone. The substances which enter into the com-
position of this conglomerate are numerous ; and it may first be remarked,
that these are of very different sizes and forms, sometimes rolled and

h h 2 rounded,

ccxliv DEVONSHIRE.

rounded, sometimes pointed with sharp angles, from very minute grains,
to the size of several inches in diameter. There are found in it rhomboidal
crystals of calcareous spar, and crystals of feltspar, most frequently of
an opaque white, and decomposed ; pieces of flint and grey wacke,
yellowish limestone, rolled masses of a sort of porphyry, which somewhat
resembles the antique, having a base of a reddish brown colour, not
effervescing with acids, and containing numerous small and well-defined
crystals of feltspar imbedded in it, pieces of a rock which is itself com-
pounded, having the appearance of a porphyry, the base earth)', and in-
cluding small grains of quartz, crystals of feltspar, and pieces of bluish
carbonate of lime, together with a whitish tender steatite, in small angular
fragments."

" Some farther information on the same subject may be collected from
Vancouver's Agricultural Survey of Devon, the author of which very
judiciously directed his attention to the strata, on the decomposition of
which the quality of the soil so materially depends. We there find that
the conglomerate described by Dr. Berger is confined to the western side
of the red sandstone district, and that a gradual change, which is marked
by the greater frequency of red sandy clay and red marie takes place on
advancing eastward, until these strata come into contact with the western-
most borders of the green sand formation of Blackdown.

" The red marl, which forms the lowest portion of the cliffs from Sid-
mouth to the mouth of the Axe, abounds with veins and nodules and
irregular beds of gypsum, which at Branscombe are sufficiently rich to be
worked profitably for the manufacture of plaster.

" There is also another valuable and very singular mineral deposit, which,
although principally connected with the red sandstone formation, occurs in
some other parts of the county ; we allude to those beds of manganese
which have been found in the parish of Upton Pyne and elsewhere on the
right bank of the Exe, and have been for many years past an object of
mining speculation. According to Dr. Berger, ' The red argillaceous
sandstone, at the spot where the mine is excavated, forms a bed several
feet in thickness from the surface ; below this is a conglomerate pudding-
stone, the same that is found in the parish of Heavitree, but quite
disintegrated ; then a reddish compact feltspar, in mass, containing a
few laminae of calcareous spar, and some crystals of quartz. This last
rock forms the roof of the mine ; the sides consist of a calcareo-manganesian
amygdaloid. As to the floor of the mine, it is not known of what it is

composed j

DEVONSHIRE. ccxlv

composed ; the vein, which appears to be of considerable magnitude, not
having been cut through. Its direction is east and west, dipping north,
with an inclination of 3 feet in 6. Of the black oxyde of manganese,
several varieties are met with, together with ferriferous carbonate of
» . lime. This mine has been since abandoned, and others have been opened
Mat Newton St. Cyres, four miles north-west of Exeter." The following
particulars respecting this mineral deposit are extracted from the minutes
of a traveller who visited this part of the country about 20 years before
Dr. Berger. « The mine of manganese,' says he, ' which I saw, is
at Pound Living, a tenement in the parish of Upton Pyne, on the road
to Thorverton and Tiverton. It is a floor, or bed, which dips in an
angle of 50° or 60° to the north-west, where, at the depth of 26 feet
from the surface, it terminates. From this point to that where it strikes
out on the surface, the distance is upwards of 100 feet. Its extent south-
west and north-east is nearly equal to this. A well is sunk 16 feet through
the mass.'

" In the same part of the district where these beds occur, is found a very
extensive mass of red amygdaloidal trap or wacke. There are traces of
this rock in the vicinity of Crediton, and at Sandford, Chawley, and
Silverton, but it is principally quarried at Pocombe-hill, in the parish of
Alphington, and at Raddon, in the parish of Thorverton. The quarries
at the last-mentioned spot are thus described by Dr. Berger. ' They are
all in the same rock, viz., a calcareous amygdaloid, the nature of which
however varies considerably in different places. In some, the nodules are
small, and very closely united in clusters, forming nearly a homogeneous
mass, with here and there nodules of a much larger size than the rest
imbedded in it. In other places, the nodules are about the bigness of a
pea, all of the same size, and consisting of rhomboidal sparry lamina?.
There are other places where the base of the amygdaloid has the appear-
ance of a sandstone, in which a small number of calcareous nodules are
imbedded, externally coloured green by the steatite, and exactly re-
sembling those which enter into the composition of some of the amyg-
daloids of Derbyshire, and of the Pentland hills near Edinburgh.'

" The same writer, speaking of the Pocombe quarry, says, « The rock

f This mine failed in the year 1810: since which new discoveries of veins of this mineral
have been made in the parishes of Doddescombleigh, Ashton, Christow, &c., about seven
miles west of Exeter. More recently, manganese pits have been opened in the parishes of
Lifton, Lamerton, Coryton, Maristow, Brent Tor, Milton Abbots, Ilsington, and Lew Tren-
chard.

itself

ccxlvi DEVONSHIRE.

itself is an amygdaloid, the nodules of which are chiefly calcareous,
small, and uniform ; the base does not effervesce with acids.' This
amygdaloid in some places occurs decidedly as a dyke cutting the red
sandstone ; in others it forms irregular beds and masses, overlying and
intersecting the same sandstone, and throughout its whole extent, which
is not considerable, it is attended with those anomalies and irregularities
which are usually presented by rocks of the trap formation.

" The red clay or marl, which forms the uppermost of the three compo-
nent members of the red sandstone formation, is covered along great part
of its east frontier by strata belonging to the green sand formation, and
constituting the extensive summits of Blackdown and the tabular ridges
that project from it to the south coast between the Otter and Axe rivers.
They also occupy a similar position in the range of hills that stretch
from Axmouth along the east border cf the valley of the Axe, to Lam-
bert's Castle and Lewesdon Hill, in the north-west angle of Dorsetshire.

" On the west of the Exe, the summits of the Haldon hills are of precisely
the same formation, and the coincidence in height between the latter
and thesummit of Blackdown is very remarkable, the one being 817,
the other 818 feet above high water mark ; the same may be considered as
the elevation of the summits that divide the valleys of the Axe and Otter,
and of the range from Axmouth to Lambert's Castle : these strata extend
also along the south coast from Sidmouth to Lyme in Dorsetshire, and the
abrupt cliffs which they present afford admirable sections in which the
detail and relations of their component parts may be distinctly ascertained.
They consist of alternating beds of sand, sandstone, and chert, very
variable in thickness, colour, and compactness.

" The generic term of green sand has been applied to this formation, from
the dispersion of grains of green earth, resembling minute fragments of
chlorite, throughout most of its component members. Mica also occurs
in considerable quantity in many of its sandy beds ; but the predominating
feature is a base of siliceous sand, of a dirty yellow colour, inclining to
green : the mica and green earth are usually wanting in the beds of chert.
Occasionally the upper strata, when nearly in contact with the incumbent
chalk, become mixed with calcareous earth in sufficient quantity to consti-
tute an useful freestone, of which there are ancient and very extensive
quarries at Branscomb, that were used for building many parts of the
the interior of Exeter cathedral.

" Much siliceous sand and green earth are dispersed throughout this
Branscomb freestone, but at Beer, a few miles further east, the sand and

green

DEVONSHIRE. ccxlvii

green earth entirely disappear, and the stratum becomes a simply calcareous
freestone, in colour and substance resembling indurated chalk, risino- in
large blocks of any shape that may be required, and applicable to purposes
of ordinary sculpture for domestic ornaments. It is also capable of re-
sisting for many years the action of the weather, and though inferior in
durability to that of Bath and Portland, is the best freestone afforded by
the county of Devon, and has been recently used by Mr. Kendal for the
delicate sculpture of the new altar-screen in Exeter cathedral.

" The stratum from which this freestone is obtained contains irregular
beds and nodules of chert, and may be considered as forming a link
between green sand and the incumbent chalk, rather than as being strictly
a member of the green sand formation. It is identical with the famous
freestone of Toternhoe, near Dunstaple, in Bedfordshire. The only other
valuable products afforded by this formation are the whetstones extracted
from a variety of micaceous sandstone beds, that occur along the west
escarpment of the summits of Blackdown, as well as the east side of Hal-
don ; and the beds of chert, that are nearly co-extensive with the whole
green sand formation, and which being naturally split into angular frag-
ments of the size of gravel, afford an excellent material for making roads.
The fissures and cavities in this chert are often filled or lined with crystals
of quartz, or stalactitic lamina? of beautiful blue chalcedony, sometimes
composing small agates ; and near Sidmouth, the chert passes occasionally
into the state of red and green jasper, approaching to bloodstone. The
cavities in which the chalcedony is lodged, have in most cases been formed
by the decay of organic bodies of the sponge and alcyonium tribe, that
were entangled in the chert at the moment of its deposition.

" All the component strata of this formation abound in marine organic
remains, the form of which is accurately retained, whilst the calcareous
matter of which they were originally composed has been in most instances
removed, and sUex substituted in its place. In the whetstone-pits of Black-
down, where this process has been carried on with the greatest degree of
delicacy, the embedded shells are converted into transparent chalcedony,
and are exquisitely beautiful : and on the summit of Haldon, similar shells
are converted into the state of chalcedony and blood-red jasper : fragments
of wood, also, that have been lodged along with the shells in this formation
have lost their carbonaceous matter, and are completely converted into silex.
Many of them appear to have been drifted during a sufficient length of time
for marine animals to have perforated their substance, as they abound in

small

ccxlviii DEVONSHIRE.

small tubular holes and cavities, that seem to have been drilled by animals
allied to the pholas and teredo, which cavities are usually lined, or filled,
with transparent blue chalcedony, and minute crystals of quartz.

" This green sand formation constitutes the largest portion of the hills in
the south-east of Devon ; and its surface is generally marked by extensive
ranges of commons, being by no means favourable to agriculture. Mean-
time, the valleys intermediate between these hills, are extremely fertile, as
they are composed principally of the red marl. The vales of Honiton and
Colyton, afford good examples of the relative fertility of the valleys and
hills, inclosing them in this portion of country, derived from the causes
just specified. The green sand formation reposes on red marl along the
whole of its west and north-west frontier ; but along its east and north-
east border, it is divided from it by the interposition of the lias formation,
in very considerable thickness, from the cliffs on the east of Exmouth,
along the east side of the valley of the Axe to Axminster ; and thence,
crossing by Yartcombe to Pitminster, on the borders of the vale of Taunton.
It occupies the middle region of the hills between the green sand of the
summits, and red marl that forms the base of the valleys. Its general cha-
racter is a thick deposit of stratified blue clay, containing three beds of
a marly limestone, disposed in regular slabs, which rarely exceed a foot in
thickness ; these are usually of a blue colour, but at Uplyme, there occur,
with the blue, extensive beds of white lias.

" Both of these are used for the purposes of paving and building stone,
but they are not capable of resisting long the action of the weather. The
blue lias affords a useful lime for setting under water, and for agriculture.
This formation is full of organic marine remains, and also abounds in fossil
wood, that is usually impregnated with much carbonate of lime, and never
siliceous, as happens in that which lies in the green sand.

" As the lias occurs but scantily, so the oolite formation is totally wanting
in the county of Devon : were it present, its place in the series would have
been between the lias and green sand, as in the adjoining counties of
Dorset and Somerset.

" The chalk formation occurs in this county only in a few small insulated
patches, along the east border of Blackdown ; and in a district extending
only a few miles inland from the coast between Sidmouth and Lyme Regis.
Along this tract it is obscurely developed in the interior, being much
covered with surface gravel ; but it makes a conspicuous figure along the
shore, crowning great part of the cliffs along the line just mentioned, and

sometimes,

DEVONSHIRE. ccxlix

sometimes, as at Beer Head, forming the entire mass of them. The chalk,
however, becomes gradually thinner in its progress westward, till it expires
at Salcombe, on the east of Sidmouth.

" All these may be considered as insulated or outlying masses, originally,
perhaps, connected with the chalk of Dorsetshire, and identical with it in
substance, and the character of its organic remains.

" One formation only, now remains to be described, more recent than any
that has yet been mentioned, and which, from its striking peculiarities, has
long excited public attention ; namely, the strata of pipe-clay, and im-
perfect coal, or lignite, at Bovey Heathfield. The position of these, and
all the characteristic circumstances of their formation, are thus described
by Mr. Vancouver and Dr. Maton. ' After following the western branch
of the Bovey river,' says Mr. Vancouver, ' from the commons of Widde-
combe on the moor, we descend into a plain, bounded on the north by a
range of craggy hills, in the parish of Bovey Tracey ; and westwardly, by
the high lands of Ilsington and Heytor rocks. In this plain or valley, are
found rising to the surface, and with a gentle dip or inclination to the
southward, distinct strata of a fossil substance, called Bovey coal. This
lies in several parallel seams, at the distance of six or eight feet from each
other, and to the depth of sixty feet, which is here considered above the
level of low water line at Teignmouth.

" ' The Bovey coal exhibits a series of gradations from the most perfect
ligneous texture, to a substance nearly approaching the character of pit
coal, and which by exposure to air, breaks into thin lamina;, assuming the
appearance of the grey, or common schistus rock of the country ; but in
which are indistinctly to be traced the original fibrous vegetable of which it
was composed, and which is generally the root and trunk of the pi 'n us syl-
vestris, or Scotch fir. Among the clay, but adhering to the coal, are found
lumps of a bright yellow resinous earth, (ascertained to be retinasphaltum,
by Mr. Hatchet,) extremely light, and so saturated with petroleum as to
burn like sealing wax ; and, when not carried too far, to produce an agree-
able aromatic vapour. Large jjieces of the board and root coal have been
taken up at different depths in the Stover plantations, and at the distance
of about two miles from the present coal-pits. This substance is also found
diffused, in very small pieces, through all the beds of potters' clay, in the
parishes of Teigngrace, and King's Teignton.' "

" In the above account of the natural history of this curious spot, by Mr.
Vol. VI. i i Van-

ccl DEVONSHIRE.

Vancouver, our readers will perceive an omission of some importance,
which is very ably supplied by Dr. Maton. ' Leaving the Ashburton road
to the right,' says this writer, ' we proceeded through Bovey Heathneld, in
order to view some curious coal-pits. They are more than a mile however
from the village, and about ten miles from the sea, in the midst of an open
heath. We were surprised to find the coal in alternate strata with a
whitish clay, that constitutes the substance of the adjacent soil. The
upper stratum of coal is but a few feet below the surface of the ground,
and the others about the same distance from each other, being from four
to sixteen feet in thickness. The lowermost rests on clay, which is fol-
lowed by a bed of sand, seventeen feet deep ; then the clay appears again
without any coal. These pits, which have been worked several years for the
supply of a neighbouring pottery, are about eighty feet in depth ; the strata
seeming to continue in an eastern direction towards Bovey, and underlying
to the south, about twenty inches in a fathom. As to the coal, it retains
its vegetable structure, and has exactly the appearance of charred wood,
being of a black or blackish brown colour, extremely light and friable,
separable into irregular lamina?, and strongly impregnated with bitumen ;
its appearance being wholly different from that of the decayed timber
found in the adjoining bogs.'

" The whole of this low plain may be considered as an inland basin ; and
it appears from what is here said of the coal-beds at Bovey Heathfield, and
the account here subjoined by Vancouver, of the strata to the southward
of these, that a great portion of this basin has been filled by the same
deposit. ' The lower grounds bordering on the river Teign afford a
valuable tract of rich marshes, among which, on their upper and western
sides, and in the parishes of Teigngrace and King's Teignton, is found a
cold, thin-stapled, grey loam, on very large bodies of potters' clay. These
hold a general direction from the church of King's Teignton, towards that
of Bovey Tracey. The breadth of these beds varies from a quarter to
half a mile; the clay is seldom found of a merchantable quality nearer than
from twenty-five to thirty feet below the surface ; it is often separated by
veins of inferior woodland clay; but the different beds of potters' clay are
always found to hold the same positions with respect to each other, viz.
southwardly, the pipe-clay ; the light brown sort in the middle ; and north-
wardly, the crackling clay. The criterion of excellence, is to find in this
clay certain small specks or particles of Bovey coal.'

" In the more elevated part of this basin, the beds of clay alternate, and

are

DEVONSHIRE. ccli

are finally covered with granite gravel ; and here, especially in those situ-
ations which are contiguous to the moor, has been found a great deal of
alluvial tinstone. This portion of the stratification is undoubtedly derived
from the high lands of Dartmoor, and both its disintegration, as well as
its removal from the parent rock, are indications of a revolution, to which
the surface of the globe owes much of its present aspect.

" We are led to conclusions no less important, with respect to the changes
which have taken place in our climate, by a discovery lately made in the
quarries of Oreston, near Plymouth. These quarries are worked in a lime-
stone rock of the transition class, which as usual abounds in caverns. In
one of these, the length of which was forty-five feet, the width fifteen, and
the depth twelve, were found imbedded in loose clay, fossil bones and
teeth belonging to a species of rhinoceros, being the remains of three dis-
tinct individuals. All of these were in the most perfect state of pre-
servation, which may be attributed to the matter in which they were en-
veloped, and perhaps to the dryness of their situation. The deposition of
these bones here, at the depth of seventy feet below the surface of the
rock, and one hundred and sixty feet in one direction, and sixty in another,
from the original edge of the cliff, by the side of Catwater, has naturally
excited much curiosity, and given rise to many erroneous opinions. As
the whole has now disappeared, in consequence of the progress made by the
workmen in the excavation of the quarry, and even before all the circum.
stances of the discovery could be duly investigated, no direct proof can be
brought of the original communication between the surface of the rock
and this deposit ; but the inference, that such a communication once ex-
isted, may be drawn from numerous examples of similar phenomena in
this and other countries ; where bones of the same species of rhinoceros,
in precisely the same state of preservation, (being not petrified,) have been
found in caverns of limestone rocks, of various ages, having no other con-
nection with the rocks themselves than that arising from the accidental
lodgment of the bones in their cavities, at a period long subsequent to
their original formation." '

Surface and Scenay. — This county is perhaps more uniformly hdly than
any other of the same or nearly the same extent in England. The

* For the article of Geology I have been indebted to John Hawkins, Esq., of Bignor park ;
the Rev. William Buckland, professor of geology and mineralogy in the university of Oxford
having kindly made some additions, and described the eastern part of the county.

i i 2 proportion

cclii DEVONSHIRE.

proportion of level ground indeed is very small : the little vale of the
Culme perhaps exhibits a more level surface than is to be found in any
other part of the county within the same space.

The forest of Dartmoor is the highest ground in Devonshire ; its mean
height being estimated at 1782 feet; the highest point is supposed to be
2090 feet. The highest point of Exmoor, on the borders of Somersetshire,
is 1890 feet. Sholsbury Castle, in the parish of High Bray, is 1500 feet ;
Chapman's Barrow, between Challacombe and Parracombe, 1200 feet;
Hoardown gate, three miles from Ilfracombe, on the Barnstaple road,
1000 feet; Blackdown near Tavistock, 1160 feet; Butterton Hill, near
Ivybridwe, 1200 feet ; Great Haldon and Blackdown only 800 feet.

The o-eneral character of a great proportion of the county is a continued
succession of hills of the same, or nearly the same height. This circum-
stance, and the lofty banks and hedges by which they are flanked in, render
most of the Devonshire high roads very tedious and unpleasant to the
traveller. From the continued succession of such hills as have been de-
scribed, the views must of necessity be bounded in general by the top of
the adjoining hill, perhaps a mile distant ; and should any more interesting
view occasionally occur, it is totally obstructed by the hedges. This has
long been the character of the Devon roads. Westcote observed, near
200 years ago, that, numerous as they were, a man might travel through
the county without seeing a flock of sheep, except on Dartmoor, or such
open districts.

The county nevertheless abounds with many most beautiful distant views,
and exhibits in numerous parts of it very picturesque scenery. Among
very many fine distant views may be particularized those from Haldon,
looking over the rich vale of the Exe with its estuary ; from Blackdown,
over the vale of the Culme ; from Pinhoe and other heights, overlooking
Exeter, &c. &c. ; from the heights of Dartmoor, both on the side towards
Plymouth, and from High Tor rock, overlooking the vale of the Teign to
Teignmouth ; the view from Brent- Tor church-yard ; from the heights
above Torquay ; from Mamhead ; the singularly picturesque view from
Morwell rock, looking over the Tamar into Cornwall ; the view from the
higher grounds of Tawstock park, overlooking Barnstaple and the bay ;
and the view from Portlemouth church, overlooking the estuary of the
Aven with Kingsbridge, Salcombe, Malborough, South Pool, &c.

The road from Honiton to Exeter passes through a rich vale, and exhibits
pleasing views. The views about Powderham, Exmouth, Teignmouth,

&c,

.. ,;#%

I* 'II II illSIIIIIIllli

§'■1 piJH j'i-

mWp,JMlt.'

mamm

•fc

DEVONSHIRE. ccliii

&c, have been much admired, and at high water are particularly rich
and beautiful ; but picturesque scenery is to be sought for on the banks of
some of the principal rivers near their sources. The scenery of the road
from Bampton to Tiverton, by the side of the Exe, is very rich. The
upper parts of the East Teign and of the Dart, particularly about Holne
Chase and bridge are highly picturesque ; and there is much beautiful
scenery on the wooded banks of the Tamar, the Tavy, the Taw, the Plym,
(particularly about Bickley mill,) the Erme, the Creedy, the Mole, and
other rivers. The ride from Moreton Hampstead to Lustleigh is through
a beautiful wooded valley ; and there is fine scenery in Whiddon park and
elsewhere in that neighbourhood.

The scenery of the little river Lyn, which falls into the sea atLymouth,
is well known and much admired. The valley of stones near Linton has
been somewhat over-rated by those who have not seen similar scenery in the
north-west of Yorkshire, and other parts of the kingdom. The rocks
which skirt this valley of stones towards the sea, as seen from the water,
are magnificent.

The scenery of the romantic village of Clovelly, Sir J. Hamlyn Williams's
park, and of the new drive from the Bideford road called the Hoby, may
be ranked among the most singularly beautiful in the county. The various
and beautiful scenery about Torquay has also been highly and justly cele-
brated. The views from Mount Edgecumbe park and other commanding
situations about Plymouth are fine and interesting. The scenery of Lydford
bridge, and the waterfall on the little river there, should not be omitted,
nor the village of Milton, in the parish of Buckland Monachorum, situated
in a deep and narrow ravine, which is singularly picturesque, and has
much attracted the notice of artists.

Rivers.

The principal rivers of Devonshire are the Axe, the Otter, the Exe,
the Teign, the Dart, the Aven, the Erme, the Yealme, the Plym, the
Tamar, the Tavy, the Torridge, and the Taw.

The Axe rises in Dorsetshire : near Ford Abbey it becomes for a while
a boundary between that county and Devon ; thence it runs to Axminster,
having received two brooks from the Dorsetshire parish of Hawkchurch.
From Axminster it passes near Kilmington. between Colyton and Mus-

bury,

ccliv DEVONSHIRE.

bury, and falls into the sea between Seaton and Axmouth : the smaller
rivers Yarty and Coly fall into the Axe ; the former rises on the borders
of Dorsetshire, about two miles north of Sheffhayne, in Membury, and
passing near Yarcombe and Stockland, between Membury and Dalwood,
falls into the Axe near Kilmington : the Coly rises about two miles north
of Cotleigh, in this county, passes near Cotleigh and Widworthy, Colyton,
and Colyford, falling into the Axe about half a mile beyond the last-men-
tioned place ; the course of the Axe from Ford Abbey is about 1.5 miles.
The principal bridges over this river are on the roads to Honiton and
Colyton, and Axe bridge, on the road from Sidmouth to Lyme.

The Otter rises in Somersetshire, near Otterford, to which, as well as
several of the places on its banks, it gives name ; thence to Up Ottery near
Monkton, between Comb Ralegh and Honiton, to Feniton bridge, Ottery
St. Mary, between Fen Ottery and Harpford, to Newton Poppleford,
thence near Colyton Ralegh and Bicton, to Otterton, about two miles
beyond which it falls into the sea at Ottermouth, its course in this county
being about 25 miles. The principal bridges over this river are at Up-
Ottery, Feniton bridge, on the road from Honiton to Exeter, and the
bridges at Newton Poppleford and Otterton.

The small river Sid rises near Sidbury, and passing through Sidford,
falls into the sea near Sidmouth.

The Exe rises on Exmoor, in Somersetshire, about three miles to the
north-west of Exe bridge, at which it enters this county, whence passing
near Hightleigh, Oakford, and Washfield, it reaches Tiverton : thence it
passes near Bickleigh, between Thorverton and Silverton, near Netherex
and Brampford Speke, to Exeter, to which it gives name : thence to Top-
sham, and between Powderham and Lympstone to Exmouth, where it falls
into the sea. From Topsham to Exmouth the river is nearly a mile wide
on an average, and navigable. The principal of the smaller rivers which fall
into the Exe are, the Batham, the Loman, the Creedy, the Clist, the Culme,
and the Kenn. The Batham, rising near Clayhanger, passes by Bampton,
to which it seems to give name, and falls into the Exe about a mile from
that town. The Loman, rising in Somersetshire, passes by Up Lowman
and Craze Lowman, falling into the Exe at Tiverton. The Creedy,
which rises near Cruwys Morchard, passes near Woolfardisworthy, be-
tween Sandford and Upton Helions, near Crediton, to which it gives
name ; near Newton St. Cyres, and falls into the Exe not far from Cow-
ley bridge. The Clist rises near Clist Hydon, and passing near Clist

St. Law-

DEVONSHIRE. cclv

St. Lawrence, Broad Clist, Honiton Clist, St. Mary's Clist, and St. George's
Clist, to all of which it gives name, falls into the Exe near Topsham.
The Culme, rising in Somersetshire, passes Church Staunton and Hemiock,
through Culmstock and Uffculme, near Collumpton, Columbjohn, and
Stoke Canon, and falls into the Exe near Cowley bridge. The Kenn
rises near Dunchidiock, and runs through Kenford near Kenn, and falls
into the Exe between Kenton and Powderham. The little river Yeo
rises about two miles from Colebrooke, near which village it runs, and
passing near the bartons of Yeoford and Yeoton, falls into the Creedy not
far from Crediton. The maps describe a small river called the Dart as
rising near Cruwys Morchard, and falling into the Exe near Bickleio-h.
The whole course of the Exe is supposed to be about 70 miles. The
principal bridges over the Exe are that at Tiverton, Bickleigh bridge, a
bridge on the road from Crediton to Collumpton, Cowley bridge, and Exe-
bridge at Exeter.

The Dart rises in Dartmoor forest, near Cranmere ; near Two-bridges it
is joined by another stream, which rises between two and three miles to the
north-west, called the West Dart ; having run to the extent of Dartmoor,
it passes through Holne park, near Buckfastleigh, near Staverton, between
Dartington and Little Hempston, to Totnes ; thence near Ashprington,
Cornworthy, Stoke Gabriel, Dittisham, and to Dartmouth ; about a mile
beyond which it falls into the sea, its course having been nearly 40 miles. The
principal bridges over the Dart are at Holne, Buckfastleigh, and Totnes.

The Harbern, rising on the edge of Dartmoor, runs near Harberton,
to which it gives name, through Harberton-ford, and falls into the Dart
about a mile from Ashprington.

The Teign rises on the borders of Dartmoor with two heads, meetinc
near Holy Street, thence to Rushfbrd, near Chagford, through or near
AYhiddon park and Moreton woods, near Dunsford, Christow, Hennock,
Teigngrace, and King's Teignton ; hereabouts it becomes a wide estuary,
and falls into the sea between Shaldon and Teignmouth, its course
having been about 30 miles. The principal bridge over the Teio-n is
that on the road from Exeter to Newton Abbot. The West Teign, or
Bovey river, rises also on the borders of Dartmoor, passes near North
Bovey and Bovey Tracey, and falls into the East Teign not far from
Teigngrace. Holwell brook, the small river Hayne, and Radford brook,
all rising in or near Dartmoor, fall into the Bovey, as does the small river
Wrey, which rises near Moreton Hampstead.

The

cclvi DEVONSHIRE.

The river Loman, rising near Ilsington, runs near Bickington, and
dividing Newton Bushed and Newton Abbot, falls into the Teign about
half a mile from those towns.

The Aven, which rises in Dartmoor, passes near Brent, between Diptford
and North Huish ; between Loddiswell and Woodleigh, near Aveton Giffard
and Bigbury, falling into the sea at Aven-mouth. The principal bridges
over this river are Brent bridge, on the Ashburton road, and Bickham
bridge on the road from Modbury to Totnes.

The Erme which rises also in Dartmoor, passes by Harford, Ivybridge,
Ermino-ton, near Holbeton, and falls into the sea at Erm-mouth, its course
being about 13 miles. Ivybridge, on the great western road, is the
principal bridge over this river ; there is a bridge over it also on the road
from Modbury to Plymouth.

The Yealme rises also on Dartmoor, passing near Cornwood, crossing
the Plymouth road at Lee mill, to Yealmton, passing thence near Newton
Ferrers, it falls into the sea at Yealme-mouth. There are bridges over
the Yealme on the great Plymouth road, and on the road from Modbury
to Plymouth. The little river Silver, rising about half a mile N. of the
Plymouth road, falls into the Yealme near Kitley.

The Plym, rising on Dartmoor, passes near Meavy ; between Bickleigh
and Shaugh, at about a mile distance from Plympton, which takes its name
from it, to Saltram ; near this place it forms a wide estuary, which becomes
narrower at Oreston, and it falls into the sea at Plymouth. There is a
bridge over the Plym on the road from Plympton to Plymouth. The
small river Meavy rising on Dartmoor, passes near Shipstor, and falls into
the Plym, in the parish of Meavy. The small river Torey, which rises in
the northern extremity of Plympton parish, runs through Newnham park
and the town of Plympton, falling into the Plym near New bridge.

The Tamar rises in the parish of Morwinstow, near the northern ex-
tremity of Cornwall ; it soon becomes the boundary between Cornwall and
Devonshire, and so continues during nearly the whole of its course, which
is about forty miles. In the parish of Werrington, it has Devonshire on
both sides, and the village of Wellington on its western side. The Wer-
rington river, which rises near Tremaine, runs through Werrington park,
and falls into the Tamar near the upper New bridge. On the east side of
the Tamar, near the river, are the Devonshire parishes of Pancrasweek,
Brid"-erule, (where is a bridge,) Tetcot, Luffincot, St. Giles on the
heath, Lifton, Bradstone, Dunterton, Milton Abbot, Sydenham, Beer

Ferrers,

DEVONSHIRE. cclvii

Ferrers, Tamerton-Foliot, and St. Budeaux. It becomes a wide es-
tuary near Beer Alston, and further on, below Saltash, which is on the
Cornish side, forms the harbour of Hamoaze, falling into Causand bay,
between Mount Edgecumbe and Stonehouse. The principal bridges over
the Tamar are Bridgerule, Tamerton, New bridge, Polston bridge, Grais-
ton bridge, Horse bridge, and New bridge in the parish of Calstock.

The rivers which fall into the Tamar, as described in the maps, are the
Wick, the Derle, the Deer, the Cary, the Claw, the Lyd, and the Tavy.

The Wick rises near Pancrasweek, and runs near Pyworthy, falling into
the Tamar nearly opposite North Tamerton. The Derle rising near Py-
worthy, and the Deer near Holsworthy, join their streams, and fall into the
Tamar about a mile and a half more to the south, and half a mile further
the Claw, which rises near Clawton, and runs near Tetcot. The Cary
rises near Ashwater, passes between the village of Virginstow and the
barton of Cary, and falls into the Tamar between the upper New bridge
and Polston bridge. The Lyd, which rises on Dartmoor, passes by Lid-
ford, where it forms a beautiful cataract ; thence near Coryton, Marystowe,
and Lifton, falling into the Tamar, nearly two miles south of Polston
bridge. The small river Tinhay falls into the Lyd near Lifton. The
Tavy, which rises on Dartmoor, near Bagtor, passes between Peter and
Mary Tavy, to Tavistock, giving its name to those places ; thence, near
Whitechurch and Buckland Monachorum, between Beer Ferrers and Ta-
merton Foliot, it falls into the Tamar opposite Landulph. The little river
Stour rises in Dartmoor, and running near Sampford Spiney, Walkhampton
and Buckland Monachorum, falls into the Tavy.

The river Torridge rises from nearly the same spot as the Tamar, in the
parish of Morwinstow, in Cornwall, and runs through the north-west part of
the county, in a very circuitous course, for about fifty miles, till it falls into
the sea near Appledore. It runs between East and West Putford ;
between Bulkworthy and Abbots Bickington ; near Newton Petrock ;
between Shebbear and Bradford ; near Black Torrington and Shipwash ;
between Meeth and Iddesleigh ; and between Dowland, Dolton and
Beaford, on the eastern side ; and Huish and Little Torrington on the
west, to Great Torrington ; thence leaving Frithelstock and Monckleigh
on the west, to Weare GifFard ; thence near Lancras to Bideford ; from
Bideford, being there a wide estuary, between Northam and Westleigh ;
between Appledore and Instow ; near which it unites with the estuary of

Vol. VI. k k the

cclviii DEVONSHIRE.

the Taw, and both together, about two miles from thence, fall into Barn-
staple bay. The principal bridges over the Torridge are at Tadiport near
Torrington, and at Bideford.

The little river Waldron, which rises near Bradworthy, runs near Sut-
combe and Milton Damarell, and falls into the Torridge near Bradford.
The Okement rises in two streams, called the East and West Okement,
which, falling down from Dartmoor, surround Oakhampton park, and
unite near the town of that name ; running thence between Jacobstow
and Exbourn, and near Monk Oakhampton, it falls into the Torridge nearly
opposite Meeth.

The river Taw rises on Dartmoor, near Cranmere, passes near Belston,
crosses the Oakhampton road between Sticklepath and Soutli Zeal chapels ;
runs near South Tawton, North Tawton, Bundleigh, Brushford, Nymet
Rowland, Eggesford, about a mile and a half to the west of Chawleigh
and Chulmleigh ; leaving High Bickington and Atherington about the
same distance to the west, and Warkleigh and Chittlehampton to the east ;
it runs between Tawstock and Bishop's Tawton to Barnstaple ;, thence in
a broad estuary, having Pilton, Ashford, and Heanton Punchardon, on the
north, and Fremington on the south, to Instow, where it joins the estuary
of the Torridge, as before mentioned. The course of the Taw to Barn-
staple appears to be about forty miles ; and from Barnstaple to the mouth
of the bay, eight miles. The principal bridges over the Taw are Umberleigh,
New bridge, about a mile from Bishop's Tawton, and Barnstaple bridge.

The Little Dart river, rising near Rackenford, receives another smaller
stream, called the Sturcombe, and passing near Witheridge, East and
West Worlington, Cheldon, and Chulmleigh, falls into the Taw about a
mile and a half from the last-mentioned place. The river Bray, which
rises a little to the south of Parracombe, runs near Challacombe, between
Charles and Highbray, near East Buckland, through Lord Fortescue's
grounds at Castlehill, under Filleigh bridge, near Satterleigh, and New-
place, in King's Nympton, falling into the Taw near Newnham Bridge, in
Burrington.

The Mole rises about two miles north of North Molton, runs by that
place and South Molton, and near George Nympton, joining the Bray
nearly opposite to Satterleigh. Several nameless streams, rising to the south
of Exmoor, join the Mole. A small stream called the Tiddy water joins
the Taw in the parish of Burrington. Another nameless stream, passing
through Swimbridge, joins it near Bishop's Tawton. The river Yeo rises

DEVONSHIRE. cclix

in two streams to the south-west of Parracombe : one of these runs near
Arlington and Loxhore, and the other near Bratton Fleming ; having
united, the Yeo runs by Yeotown, near Goodleigh, and between Pilton and
Barnstaple, near which it falls into the estuary of the Taw. There is a
bridge over the Yeo between Pilton and Barnstaple.

The little river Lyn rises on Exmoor, and after a course of* about ten
miles, having passed near Brendon, falls into the sea at Lymouth, near
Linton, to both which it gives name. Near the sea, it has a fall of about
fourteen feet, forming at times a fine cascade.

Navigable Rivers and Creeks; and Canals.

The river Exe is navigable for large vessels up to Topsham, whence
there is a canal for sloops and barges to Exeter. s The Teign is navigable
to Newton Bushell, between which and King's Teignton it is joined by
the Teigngrace Canal. The Dart is navigable from Dartmouth to Totnes.

A creek runs from the Mewstone, near Bolthead, to Kingsbridge, about
five miles navigable for barges and small sloops ; and this creek having
several ramifications, lime, sand, and other manure, are conveniently im-
ported to many of the neighbouring parishes, and the produce of the soil
exported.

The Yealm is navigable for sloops and small brigs to Kitley quay, and
for barges and small boats half a mile higher. The Tamar is navigable to
New Quay, about 24 miles from Plymouth, for vessels of about 130 or
140 tons : vessels of fourteen feet draught go up to Morwell-ham quay,
six miles from Plymouth. The Plym is navigable at Catwater, near its
mouth, for men of war. Small vessels of about 40 or 50 tons go up to
Crab tree.

The Torridge becomes navigable for boats at Weare Giffard, and for
ships of larger burden at Bideford. The Taw is not navigable above New-
bridge ; from thence to Barnstaple it is navigated by boats and barges,
laden with limestone : even below Barnstaple, it is not now navigable for
ships of great burden, and is usually navigated only by small vessels of not
more than 80 tons : vessels of 140 tons sometimes come up to Barnstaple,
the distance from which place to the Channel is about eight miles.

e See p. 197.

k k 2 In

cclx DEVONSHIRE.

In the year 1792, an act of parliament passed for making a navigable
canal from Bovey Tracey to the river Teign at Newton Abbot, (five miles
and a half,) with a collateral cut to Chudleigh, (the same distance,) for the
importation of coals, sea-sand, and lime, and the exportation of pipe and
potters' clay, and Bovey coal. This canal was made at the sole expence of
James Templer, Esq., and was completed (with the exception of the col-
lateral cuts) in or about the year 1794. It is generally called the Stover,
or Teigngrace canal.

Little progress has been made in the Grand Western Canal, for which an
act passed in the year 1796 : it was to have gone from Taunton to Top-
sham, through a considerable part of Devon ; and with collateral cuts to
Tiverton and Collumpton. The only part of this canal which has been
finished is the Tiverton cut from that town to Burlescombe, passing
through Sampford Peverell ; the distance by the canal being about twelve
miles. The chief use of this cut is the conveyance of limestone from the
rocks of Canonleigh, &c.

In the year 1803, an act of parliament passed for making a canal from
Morwell-ham quay to Tavistock, for the importation of coals, lime, &c. ;
the conveyance of ores from the mines on Morwell-ham down, &c. ; with a
branch of two miles to the slate-quarries at Millhill. In making this canal,
a tunnel nearly two miles in length was cut through the hills, which in some
places are between four and five hundred feet above the level of the tunnel.
The canal was opened June 24. I8I7. Goods are conveyed from the Tamar
navigable river into this canal, being raised the height of two hundred and
forty feet by an inclined plane. The length of the canal from the Tamar
to Tavistock is about five miles.

In the year 1819, an act of parliament passed for making a canal from
Bude to Thornbury, &c. in Devon, for the conveyance of sea-sand, lime-
stone, and other goods, to pass through the parishes of Bridgerule, Pan-
crasweek, Sutcombe, Bradworthy, Pyworthy, Holsworthy, Thornbury,
Cookbury, Milton Damarell, and Bradford, with a collateral cut from the
Red Post, in the parish of Launcells, (Cornwall,) to Druxton bridge, in
the parish of Werrington, passing through several Cornish parishes ; and
those of Werrington, North Petherwin, and St. Giles on the Heath, in
Devon. In pursuance of this act, a breakwater has been constructed, at
a considerable expence, at Bude, which promises to be a complete protec-
tion, and to withstand all assaults. A reservoir also, covering an area of
6eventy acres, has been constructed, and the canal completed to Hele bridge.

DEVONSHIRE. cclxi

It has not however yet entered Devonshire, but it is expected that it will
be completed as far as Holsworthy on the one branch, and as far as Ta-
merton bridge on the other, within twelve months. Steam-engines have
been constructed on the inclined planes.

Roads.

The great road from London to Exeter and Plymouth enters Devon
between the nine and ten milestone from Bridport, and reaches Axminster
twelve miles from the last-mentioned town ; thence it passes through
Kilmington and the hamlet of Wilmington, leaving Widworthy and OfFwell
on the left, to Honiton (eight miles and a half). From Honiton it passes
between Feniton and Gittisham, between Whimple and Rockbeare to
Honiton Clist ; and leaving Sowton to the left, through Heavitree to
Exeter (16 miles). From Exeter it proceeds through Alphington and
Shillingford to Chudleigh (nine miles) ; thence through Bickington to
Ashburton (nine miles). From Ashburton it passes through Buckfast-
leigh, Dean Prior, and South Brent, to Ivybridge (12 miles and a half) ;
thence through Plympton to Plymouth (about 12 miles) ; its whole
course through the county having been about 77 miles.

Another road from Exeter to Plymouth branches off at Alphington,
and goes through Kenneford, over Haldon to Newton Abbot (15 miles) ;
thence 1 ' Mving Ipplepen and Little Hempston on the right, and Abbot's
Carswell on the left, to Totnes (eight miles) ; from thence leaving
Rattery on the right, and Harberton, Diptford, and North Huish on
the left, to Ivybridge and Plymouth (23 miles).

From Alphington a turnpike-road branches off through Exminster to
Star-cross (eight miles) ; from Star-cross to Dawlish (four miles) ; and
from the ace by the sea-side to Teignmouth (three miles). There is
another ioad from Exeter to Teignmouth, over Haldon, and through
Ashcombe (15 miles).

From Newton Abbot there is a turnpike-road through Abbot's Carswell,
to Tor Ilohun and Torquay, continued through Berry Pomeroy to
Totnes, with branches to Paignton, Brixham, and King's Weare.

From Ashburton there is a turnpike road to Totnes, passing through
Staverton and Dartington (eight miles). The road from Ashburton to

Tavistock

cclxii DEVONSHIRE.

Tavistock (20 miles) leaves Holne on the left, and Buckland and Widde-
combe on the right, coming into the turnpike-road from Exeter to Tavis-
tock, at Two-bridges, eight miles from Tavistock.

From Totnes there is a turnpike-road through Harberton-ford and near
Moreleigh to Kingsbridge (12 miles) ; another from Totnes to Dartmouth,
leaving Ashprington, Cornworthy, and Dittisham on the left, and going
through Townstall (ten miles). The carriage-road from Dartmouth to
Kingsbridge is about 12 miles. From Dartmouth to Modbury is a turn-
pike-road, leaving Holwell on the right, and passing through More-
leigh (12 miles) ; from thence through Yealmton, Brixham, and Plympton,
to Plymouth (14 miles) ; but there is now a nearer road, passing over
the ferry at Oreston, in a very convenient boat called a flying bridge.

The great road from London to Falmouth and the Land's End branches
off at Exeter, leaves Whitstone, Tedburne St. Mary, and Cheriton
Bishops on the right, and Drew's Teignton on the left, passes through
Crockernwell, where is a posting house (1 1 miles from Exeter) ; thence
leaving South Taw ton on the right, it passes through South Zeal and
Sticklepath to Oakhampton (11 miles); thence through Bridestowe,
leaving Thrushelton and Stowford on the right, and Lew Trenchard on
the left, it passes through Lifton, and quits the county at Polston bridge,
about two miles beyond Lifton, and 40 from Exeter.

Another road from Exeter to the Land's End leaves Holcombe Burnell
and Dunsford a little to the left, passing to Moreton Hampstead (12 miles) ;
thence over Dartmoor, leaving Sampford Spiney and Whitechuijch on the
left, to Tavistock (20 miles) ; about three miles beyond which it enters
Cornwall, passing over Newbridge.

The turnpike-road from Tavistock to Plymouth Dock is about 14
miles, leaving Whitechurch on the left, and Buckland Monachorum,
Tamerton Foliot, &c, on the right. There is a turnpike-road from
Plymouth Dock to Saltash-ferry. The turnpike-road from Tavistock to
Ivybridge passes through Sampford Spiney, Walkhampton, a>id Meavy,
leaving Shaugh and Cornwood on the right. About eight miles from
Tavistock a road branches off to Two-bridges on Dartmoor, on the road
from Moreton Hampstead to Tavistock.

The turnpike-road from Tavistock to Launceston leaves Lamerton on
the right, passes through Milton Abbot, and leaving Dunterton on the
left, passes through Bradstone to Graiston bridge.

There

DEVONSHIRE. cclxiii

There is a turnpike road from Exeter to Topsham, continued to Ex-
mouth (nine miles), passing near St. George's Clist and Woodbury,
and through Lympstone. From Exmouth a turnpike road continues,
passing through Withecombe Ralegh and Littleham, near East Budleigh,
through Otterton to Sidmouth ; thence through Salcombe Regis and
Colyford, near Comb Pyne, towards Lyme Regis, which is just within
the limits of Dorsetshire. Another road from Exeter to Sidmouth passes
through Heavitree, between Sowton and Clist St. Mary, through Newton
Poppleford, leaving Aylesbeare, Fen Ottery, and Harpford, on the left,
and Colyton Ralegh on the right (about 15 miles). A road branching off
out of the great road from Honiton to Exeter, at a place called Fairmile,
goes to Ottery St. Mary, and thence to the road before described as leading
from Sidmouth to Lyme.

The great road from Bath and Bristol to Exeter enters Devonshire

near the Red Ball on Maiden Down, passes through the hamlet of South

Appledore and the village of Willand, to Collumpton ; thence through

| Bradninch to Broad Clist, leaving Poltimore and Pinhoe on the right, to

Exeter. The old road passed between Huxham and Poltimore.

Another road from Bath enters Devonshire about a mile from Church
Staunton, and, leaving that village on the right, passes through Churchen-
ford, Up Ottery, and Roridge, leaving Luppit and Monkton on the left, and
Comb Ralegh on the right, to Honiton, and thence to Exeter as before.
A branch from this road passes through Luppit, and comes into it again
about eight miles from Honiton. The road from Bath, by way of Ilches-
ter, enters Devon about three miles from Chard, passes through Stockland
(in a detached part of Dorsetshire, surrounded by Devon) ; near Cotleigh,
to Honiton, and thence to Exeter.

The road from Honiton to Collumpton (11 miles) passes through Aw-
liscombe, leaving Broad Hembury and Kentisbeare a little to the right.
From Collumpton the road continues to Tiverton, about five miles.

From Wellington to Tiverton the road branches off beyond South
Appledore, and passes through Sampford Peverell and Halberton. There
is a turnpike road from Tiverton to Bampton, passing through a beautiful
wooded vale by the side of the Exe ; from Bampton it continues to Dul-
verton, leaving Devon about two miles beyond Bampton. A road
branching from this crosses a nook of Somersetshire, and entering Devon-
shire again between five and six miles from Bampton, leaves East Anstey

about

cclxiv DEVONSHIRE.

about a mile on the right, and Bishop's Nympton about the same distance
on the left, and passes to South Molton.

The direct road from Tiverton to South Molton (19 miles) passes near
Washfield, through Calverleigh, Loxbear, and Rackenford, leaving Knowe-
stone on the right, and Creacombe, Rose Ash, and Bishop's Nympton, on
the left. The turnpike-road from South Molton to Barnstaple (12 miles)
passes through Filleigh, (within sight of Lord Fortescue's house and
grounds,) through Svvimbridge and Landkey.

From Barnstaple there are turnpike roads through Pilton and Marwood,
leaving Ashford to the left and Bittadon to the right, to Ilfracombe, (ten
miles); another, branching off at Pilton, and leaving Sherwell and Arling-
ton on the right, through East Downe to Comb Martin.

The road from Exeter to Barnstaple, (40 miles,) leaving Upton Pyne
on the right, and Newton St. Cyres on the left, passes to Crediton ;
thence through Sandford, near Morchard Bishops, leaving Lapford and
Eggesford on the left, and Chawleigh on the right, to Chulmleigh ; thence
through Burrington, High Bickington and Atherington, leaving Yarns-
combe on the left, through Bishop's Tawton, leaving Tawstock, (with Sir
Bourchier Wrey's house and grounds,) on the left, to Barnstaple. From
Chulmleigh a road branches off, leaving King's Nympton and Satterleigh
on the left, and Romansleigh and George Nympton on the right, to South
Molton (eight miles).

The turnpike-road from Barnstaple to Hartland, leaving Fremington,
Instow, and Westleigh, on the right, passes through Eastleigh to Bideford
(eight miles) ; thence, leaving Abbotsham and Clovelly on the right, and
Littleham, Alwington, Parkham, and Wolfardisworthy on the left, to Hart-
land (12 miles). The turnpike-road from Barnstaple to Torrington (ten
miles) leaves Tawstock, Newton Tracey, and Alverdiscot on the left, and
Horwood and Hunshaw on the right. The turnpike-road from Torrington
to South Molton (16 miles) leaves Stevenstone (Lord Rolle's) and St.
Giles's church on the right, and Yarnscombe on the left, and passes
through Atherington and Chittlehampton, leaving Honiton chapel on the
right, to South Molton.

The turnpike-road from Torrington to Bideford (about six miles) passes
through no village, leaving Hunshaw on the right, and Weare Giffard and
Lancras on the left. The turnpike road from Torrington to Oakhampton
passes through Little Torrington, leaves Peter Merland on the right, and
Merton, Huish, and Meeth on the left, passes through Petrockstow to

Hatherleigh,

DEVONSHIRE. cclxv

Hatherleigh, (11 miles,) thence to Oakhampton, leaving Inwardleigh on
the right (seven miles).

From Hatherleigh to Holsworthy, (about 13 miles,) there is a turnpike-
road, which leaves Highampton, Black Torrington, and Cookbury, on the
right, and Hollacombe on the left : the road continues thence to Stratton
in Cornwall, leaving Pancrasweek on the right, and Bridgerule on the left.
It leaves Devonshire between four and five miles beyond Holsworthy.

From Oakhampton, there is another turnpike-road to Exeter, passing
through Crediton. The road from Oakhampton to Crediton (about 18 miles,
now but little used,) passes through North Tawton, and Bow, or Nymet
Tracey, leaving Clannaborough on the left, and Colebrooke on the right.

The turnpike-road from Crediton to Tiverton (12 miles) leaves Sho-
brooke, Stockleigh Pomeroy, and Cadbury, on the right, and Upton Helions,
and Cheriton Fitzpayne, at somewhat greater distance on the left. The
turnpike-road from Exeter to Tiverton (14 miles) passes through Stoke
Canon and Rew, leaving Brampford Speke, Netherex, and Thorverton, on
the left, and Poltimore and Huxham on the right, to Silverton. From this
place there are two roads; one through Butterleigh, and the other through
Bickleigh, to Tiverton.

Rail-Roads.

In the year 1819, an act of parliament passed for making a rail-way, or
tram-road, from Crabtree in the parish of Egg Buckland, to the prison on
Dartmoor, for the conveyance of granite, lime, limestone, coal, culm,
manure, &c. By a second act, in 1820, powers were given to extend it to
the lime works at Catdown, and to Sutton Pool, at Plymouth. A third act
passed, in 1821, to amend the former acts, and empower the commissioners
to vary the line.

A rail-road has recently been completed at the expence of George
Templer, Esq., from Heytor or High-tor rock, to the Stover canal, for the
purpose of conveying granite.

NATURAL HISTORY.

Minerals. — The minerals of Devon are not sufficiently numerous or

important, to have been made the exclusive subject of any public or pri-

Vol.VI. 11 vate

cclxvi DEVONSHIRE.

vate collection ; nor, with the exception of the neighbourhood of Tavi-
stock, have any considerable mines been of late years worked in this county.
The Devonshire minerals, of which I have been able to procure notice
from the British Museum, that at Oxford and a few private collections
being not sufficiently numerous for a scientific arrangement, are here given
in an alphabetical list.

Apatite. — Found in large crystals, with fine tourmaline, at North
Bovey.

Arragonite. — In fissures of greywacke slate near Torquay, Ilfracombe,
and Buckfastleigh.

Amphibole (Acthwlite asbestiforme). — In an old copper mine at Buckland
in the Moor.

Anthracite. — On the coast near Bideford : it approaches rather to black
chalk, as it contains not above ten per cent, of carbon : it occurs as a bed
in the greywacke formation, in a position nearly vertical, and extends
inland for many miles, in a straight direction eastward ; its thickness vary-
ing from two inches to two feet.

Arsenic. — Arsenical pyrites in Wheal Friendship mine, Mary Tavy :
in fine crystals at Ding Dong mine, near Newbridge.

Antimony. — In several places in the parishes of Chudleigh, Hennock,
and Bovey Tracey. (Polwhele.)

Asbestos (mountain leather). — In Wheal Friendship mine, Mary Tavy.

Axinite. — In the bed of the Ockment river near Oakhampton ; mixed
with garnets and epidote. (Rev. J. J. Conybeare.)

Baryte. — Flesh-coloured sulphate, in veins of limestone rock at Petit
Tor and Babicombe near Torquay : in Wheal Crowndale mine, Tavistock.

Blende. — In Wheal Friendship mine, Mary Tavy ; and in the Beer
Alston mines.

Calcedony — beautiful blue, in fissures and cavities of chert, in the
green sand formation at Sidmouth, and transfused through fossil shells in
the Whetstone pits of Blackdown and Haldon ; and on the hills nearHoniton.

Calamine. — Small specimens in Wheal Friendship mine.

Chiastolite. — In the bed of the West Ockment river, near Tavistock.
(Rev. P. Searle.)

• Road side near Ivybridge ; both in black slate. (Rev. J. J.

Conybeare.)

Clay.

DEVONSHIRE. cclxvii

Clay. — Pipe and potters' — Hennock, Ilsington, Bovey Tracey, (in
Heathfield) ; Teigngrace, King's Teignton, Merton, Petrockstow, &c. &c.

. — Coarse — Fremington.

Cobalt. — Black oxyde, in new red sandstone, half a mile east of Daw-
lish. (Rev. J. J. Conybeare).

. — In the north part of Ugbrook park.

. — Wheal Huckworthy mine, Sampford Spiney.

Copper. — Grey copper and ruby copper, Georgina mine in Morwell-down.

. — Native copper, Wheal Crowndale, Tavistock.

• - Yery rich yel!ow ore' Wheal Friendship.

. — Crystallised ditto, )

. — Yellow pyrites, abundant in all the mines near Tavistock.

All the varieties of coated yellow copper ores occur in the Devonshire
mines of that neighbourhood, Wheal Friendship, Wheal Crowndale, Wheal
Crebor, East Liscombe, Wheal Tamar, &c.

. — Red copper, North Molton mine (Woodward) ; in octahe-
drons, West Liscombe mine, Tavistock ; with arseniate of copper in six
sided plates.

. — Green earthy carbonate, occasionally found in Wheal Tamar

mine, Tavistock.

. — Glossy purple copper ore ; Comb Martin (Woodward).

. — Malachite, Beer Alston.

Epidote. — In the bed of the Ockment. (Rev. J. J. Conybeare.)

Felspar. — Crystallised, and rhombic, in veins of killas, at Holne-chase.

. — Ditto and flesh-coloured, with tourmaline, at Bovey Tracey.

. — Large white crystals, (chiefly double,) found loose in de-
composed granite, near Moreton Hampstead ; and in solid granite all over
Dartmoor.

Fluor. — Beautiful green, at Beer Alston, with octahedral, and other
varieties of crystallization.

. — Purple, Wheal Crowndale, Tavistock.

Garnets. — In the bed of the Ockment. (Rev. William Gregor, and
Rev. J. J. Conybeare.)

Gold. — Said to have been found in small fragments in stream works on
Dartmoor ; found of late by Mr. Flexman of South Molton, in native
grains in the copper mine at North Molton, occurring in a matrix of black
and red oxyde of iron.

Gypsum. — See lime sulphate.

1 1 2 Horn-

cclxviii DEVONSHIRE.

Horn-stone. — Pseudomorphic — moulded apparently in cavities result-
ing from the disintegration and loss of fluor spar, and of iron pyrites, in
South Hooe mine, Beer Alston.

Hydrargillite, or Wavellite. — Six miles from Barnstaple, on the road to
South Molton, in black greywacke slate (Dr. Wavell) ; in the blue grey-
wacke slate at Torquay ; (J. Meade, Esq., 1817.)

Iron. — Specular or micaceous iron ore, South Molton ; also in a vein,
in granite, two feet thick, near Hennock; and near Mount Tavy, Tavistock.

magnetic. — Wheal Crowndale mine, in the parish of Tavistock j

in the massive state, Tavistock, South Brent. Risdon, speaking of the
latter place, says, not far from hence the wonderful working loadstone hath
of late been found. Westcote also mentions a mine or quarry of load-
stones at Brent. In I667 Dr. Edward Cotton sent a loadstone of 60 lb.
weight to the Royal Society from this place ; though it raised no great
weight of iron, it would move a needle at the distance of nine feet.

spathose iron. — Beer Alston and the neighbouring mines ; fine

crystals ; Wheal Crowndale, Tavistock.

carbonate of iron, chiefly in acute rhomboids ; Wheal Crebor mine,

Tavistock. (Mr. Jehu Hitchins.)

argillaceous iron ore in Killas on Hangdown.

iron pyrites ; flattened octahedron ; Ding Dong mine, Tavistock.

iron-stone at Comb Martin.

ochre ; East Downe.

umber ; Berry Narbor.

Jasper. — Haldon hill ; transfused through the substance, and filling
the cavities of shells in the green sand.

Lead. — Brown carbonate ; Comb Martin.

. — White carbonate ; Hennock and Lidford.

galena argentiferous, or sulphuret of lead. — Beer Alston, Beer

Ferrers, Newton St. Cyres ; Wheal Betsy mine, Mary Tavy ; abundant.

'—— common. — Rattery, Dartington, llsington, &c. &c.

. — Steel-grained lead ore, from an ancient work supposed to be

Roman, at Newton St. Cyres. (Woodward.)

. — Grey lead ore, Comb Martin. (Woodward.)

Lime — Carbonate, crystallized in many varieties in the rock at Oreston
near Plymouth ; in Wheal Friendship mine, Mary Tavy ; and in fissures
and cavities of limestone at Torbay, &c. &c. — Sulphate of (Gypsum) dug at
Branscombe ; occurs also in the cliffs of red marl from Seaton to Sidmouth.

Lime,

DEVONSHIRE. ccixix

Lime, fluate of, — with great variety of crystallizations, in the Beer
Alston mines. '

Lignite. — Occurs in beds alternating with potters' clay at and near Bovey
Heathfield ; has decided marks of being fossil wood, retaining the struc-
ture, and splitting into flat slabs.

Manganese. — Black oxyde and grey ; Upton Pyne, Newton St. Cyres,
Doddescombleigh, Ashton, Christow, Lifton, Lamerton, Milton Abbot,
Coryton, Maristow, and Brent Tor.

_^_ — , Silicate of, — (rose-coloured) ; Week mine near Tavistock.

Marcasite. — In Mr. Courtenay's mine at Molland, 1729. (Woodward.)

Clay Porphyry (called in Cornwall Elvari). — Composed of crystals of
quartz disseminated through a base of compact felspar, of a buff colour,
occasionally stained by oxyde of iron. — Roborough-down, near Plymouth.

Quartz. — In fissures of granite ; Dartmoor.

At Sampford Spiney were found in granite a quantity of crystals of
quartz (upwards of a thousand), having perfect pyramids at both ends of
the prisms. (Polwhele.)

amethystine. — In Wheal Hope and Wheal Friendship mines,

Mary Tavy.

1 — A variety called capped quartz, having one set

of the crystalline lamina; decomposed, and the exterior part in consequence
separating from the enclosed crystal by a slight blow — near Tavistock ; and
in Virtuous Lady mine, Buckland.

. — A variety called Babel Quartz, — Buckland Monachorum.

Quartz is found in great variety of crystals in all the mines.

Retinasphaltum. — At Bovey Heathfield, with lignite. (Mr. Hatchet.)

Schorl, or Tourmaline. — Long crystals, handsome and well defined,
occur shooting through quartz at Black-pit near Bridestowe (between
Oakhampton and Tavistock).

. . — Superb" crystals of a larger variety were re-
cently discovered at North Bovey, mixed with apatite and quartz, in a
cavity of red granite.

Silver. — Capillary silver — Sampford Spiney. (Polwhele.)

. — In a mine at Huckworthy bridge, near Tavistock. (J. Haw-
kins, Esq.)

1 At South Hooe, in one of these mines, are found cubes, which evidently have been fluor ;
they are coated with quartz, and the cavity filled with water, the fluor having been decomposed •
these are sold by the name of water-cubes.

Soda.

cclxx DEVONSHIRE.

Soda. — Efflorescing carbonate of, found by Dr. Wavell in the tower of
Stoke church, near Hartland. See a paper by Dr. Clarke in the Cambridge
Philosophical Transactions.

Tin. — Old stream-works near the banks of the Plym, the sand near
Saltram, the Teign, &c. &c.

Old mines, on the summit and edge of Dartmoor, &c. &c, on Morwell
Down, and other places near Tavistock, in Whitechurch, Buckland Mona-
chorum, South Sydenham, &c.

Mines now worked. — In Plympton, and North Bovey, &c. &c. near
Dartmoor.

Meteoric Stone. — Risdon relates that in the year 1623 a meteoric stone '
of 27lb. weight, fell with a great noise in the lordship of Strechleigh, in
the parish of Ermington : he describes it as being like a stone half burnt
for lime. A pamphlet, published at the time, says that it fell on the 10th
of January, in an orchard, near some men who were planting trees ; that
it was buried a yard deep in the ground ; that it measured three feet and
a half by two and a half, and was a foot and a half in thickness ; and that
pieces broken off from it were in the possession of many gentlemen of the
county.

Organic Remains. — The transition limestone at Torquay contains
several species of madrepores, turbinolise, flustra, orthoceras, producti,
crinoidea, &c.

The strata of lias, which extend from Lyme Regis into Devonshire,
contain the remains of the Icthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus ; two genera of
animals, related to the lizard family, on which the Rev. W. D. Conybeare

1 The attention of the learned world was first called to the subject of the extraordinary
phenomenon of falling stones, by one which was said to have fallen in Yorkshire in 1795, and
was exhibited in London. Sir Joseph Banks having received fragments of a stone which was
said to have fallen in India, proposed that they should be analysed and compared. They
proved to be similar, and of very peculiar ingredients, containing, among others, the only
two metallic metals, iron and nickel. Inquiry was called forth ; the records of such occur-
rences in various parts of the world were sought for, and there is no longer any doubt, that
these stones, or meteoric masses, have fallen from the atmosphere. In Rees's Cyclopaedia is
a large memoir on this subject, and a list of all the stones known to have fallen, with the
dates. The compiler was not aware of the Devonshire stone : and no other that fell in
Great Britain is noticed, except the Yorkshire stone, and one that fell at Glasgow in 1801.

has

DEVONSHIRE. cclxxi

has furnished an excellent paper in the fifth volume of the Geological
Transactions, wherein he gives a detailed account of their osteology,
which proves that they form a link between the lizard family and fish ; the
bones of their head nearly correspond in number and form with those of
the crocodile, yet, instead of adhering by common sutures, overlap
by squamous sutures, as in fish ; an organization which enables them
the better to resist the fury of the water. They have four feet, or paddles,
formed exclusively for swimming, and their eyes are protected by strong
scales under the slerotica. The Icthyosaurus has been described also by
Sir Everard Home, in the Philosophical Transactions.

The strata of lias contain occasionally the remains of fish and Crus-
tacea, and abound in shells, chiefly of the genera, plagiostoma, gryphea,
nautilus, ammonites : they contain also four species of pentacrinites,
viz. caput medusa, briareus, subangularis, and basalt'tformis : these
animals present a most complicated organization, immediately between
the polypi and stelleridce of Lamarck. A detailed description of them
is given in J. S. Miller's k Natural History of the Crinoidea, lately pub-
lished. The greensand strata of Blackdown and Haldon are very
rich in shells of mollusca, which, in the former place, occur changed into
a delicate hydrophanous calcedony, and, in the latter, into an opaque red
or yellow jasper, frequently imbedded in a matrix of green chert, bearing
some coarse resemblance to prase.

Mr. James Parkinson, in the third volume of the organic remains of a
former world, and Mr. J. Sowerby, in the mineral conchology, have de-
scribed the following species from Blackdown : Trigonia eccentrica, daidalea,
spinosa, sinuata, alceformis, rudis, qffinis ; Cuculia glabra, decussata, cari-
nata, fibrosa ; Cardium hillanum, proboscideum, umbonatum ; Venus plana,
angidata, castrensis; Chama plicata; Pecten quadricostata, quinquecostata ;
Corbula gigantea, laevigata; Auricula incrassata ; Hamites sp'inulosum.
Nucula margaritacea ; Ammonites Goodhalli ; Natica canrena ; and two
species of Rostellaria?. There occur also various species of Ammonites,
Turbo, Murex, Cerithium, Bulla, Dentalium, Nautilus, Echinus, Spatan-
gus, Flustra, and a highly interesting species of Alcyonium.

The chalk at Beer contains the remains of a variety of Pentacrinites,

k I have been indebted to this gentleman for the above brief statement of the organic
remains of Devon.

Caput

cclxxii DEVONSHIRE.

Caput Medusae, Terebratulaa, Pectens, &c, besides many species which
are common to this county and Sussex, of which Mr. G. Mantell gives an
account in his Fossils of the South Downs, recently published.

Indigenous Plants.

" Of herbes and plants," says Westcote, " there is such diversitie in
colour, fashion, taste, smell, and nature, as Mr. Gerarde's best ayde will
hardly be able to describe them : and for varietie of flowers (for those are
not unsought for neyther of our ladies and gentry,) Lady Flora herself
(though canonized by the Romans for a goddess,) will be to seek to fynd
out or coyn names severally to distinguish."

Some of the indigenous plants of this county are, as was observed in the
account of the natural history of Cornwall, peculiar to it, and have not been
found in any other English county. This was observed of the Illecebrum
verticillatum. Withering, however, speaks of it as frequent in Devonshire,
and Sir James Smith, in the English Botany, mentions it as peculiar to
Cornwall and Devon. The Rev. William Buckland found it growing
plentifully on the east side of Shute hill, near Axminster. The cyno-
glossum omphaloides, introduced into the English Flora on the authority
of Mr. Polwhele, who tells us that it was found by Mrs. Taylor of
Ogwell among the rocks at Teignmouth, must no longer, on those
grounds, be considered as a native plant. I have been assured by
Mrs. Taylor, that the whole has originated in a mistake, and that she never
found the plant at Teignmouth or elsewhere ; no wonder that botanical
tourists have since searched for it in vain on the Teignmouth rocks.

The Lobelia urens is peculiar to Devonshire, and I cannot learn, not-
withstanding another habitat has been given for it, that it grows anywhere
but on Kilmington common, and there, although confined to a small spot
of ground, it grows plentifully. This I was shewn by William Tucker,
Esq., of Coryton, during one of our Devonshire tours. I saw also
during these tours, anchusa sempervirens growing plentifully in several
parts of the south of Devon ; aquilegia vulgaris near Torquay and near
Ugbrook ; Bartsia viscosa near Stoke Fleming, and near Morwell ; irisfceti-
dissima, plentiful about Torquay; lepidium didymum; campanula hcederacea ;

cistus

DEVONSHIRE. cclxxii a

cistus polifolius, near Babicomb and Torquay ; hypericum androscemum, oc-
curring sparingly in almost every ride ; rubia peregrina, near Torquay ;
lathyrus sylvestris, near Sandridge; Euphorbia Portlandka, nearExmouth,
and on the warren opposite ; Uthospermum purpurocceruleum, shewn to me by
Mr. Neck, on Dungeon Cliff, near St. Mary Church ; melittis grandiflora in
several parts of the south of Devon, particularly in great abundance near
Ashburton ; Sibthorpia Europwa, at Rattery and Sherford ; trifolium sub-
terraneum fy trifolium suffocatum, at Teignmouth; vicia bithynica, Exmouth ;
viola lactea on Bovey Heathfield and Woodbury common. I saw oralis
cornicidata abounding as a garden-weed, but could not find it in any of
the habitats described near Dawlish : Dr. Wavell tells me it grows near
Appledore. Polycarpon tetraphyllum, found at Lympstone in Hudson's
time, and by the late Mr. Newbery, had been sought for in vain at the
habitat described for many years. I was equally unsuccessful ; but about
two years after I was at Lympstone, the plant was discovered by Miss
Filmore growing abundantly near the spot described, and specimens of it
were sent me by the late Rev. Mr. Jervis, of Lympstone.

It is a singular circumstance, which should be noticed when speaking
of the botany of this county, that whilst the primula vulgaris is more
than usually abundant, particularly in the southern parts of Devonshire,
the primula veris, or cowslip, is to be reckoned amongst the rare plants ;
and though it is abundant in a few fields bordering on Dorsetshire, it is of
rare occurrence in the southern part of Devon, and in the north, and most
other parts, is wholly unknown. '

The following brief list of rare plants, or such as are not of general oc-
currence, is given chiefly on the authority of botanists of the county,
quoted by Mr. Polwhele ; or of the Rev. J. P. Jones, who has lately pub-
lished a botanical tour of the county, in which some very interesting dis-
coveries appear to have been made by himself and other botanists of the
present dayj particularly of the habitats of cryptogamous and other plants,
which, though known to grow abundantly in the northern parts of the
island, had not before been found in the southern counties.

1 Mr. Polwhele speaks of one field, at Berrv Narbor, in which it abounds, but supposes that
the seed had been sown there.

Vol. VI. [1 1 4]

cclxxii b

DEVONSHIRE.

Names of the Plants.

Veronica montana
Pinguicula Lusitani ca-
Schocnus albus
Scirpus fluitans
multicaulis

■ holoschcEnus

svlvaticus

Eriophorum vaginatum -
Melica nutans
Poa bulbosa
Centunculus minimus -

Exacum filiforme

Verbascum Lychnitis

Vinca minor

Eryngium campestre •

Bupleurum Odontites c

Sium repens d
CEnanthe pimpinelloides
Corrigiola litoralis
Radiola millegrana
Linum angustifoliura
Tulipa sylvestris

Scilla autumnalis -

Acorus Calamus
Juncus Acutus
Alisma ranunculoides -
Dianthus Armeria -
Silene acaulis -

Anglica

Spergula nodosa

Euphorbia peplis

Mentha viridis

rotundifolia

Leonurus cardiaca
Scutellaria minor
Alyssum maritimum
Cochlearia Danica
Teesdalia (Iberis nudicaulis)

Where found.

Near Torrington

Bogs on Haldon and Dartmoor

On a common near Axminster

Bovey Heathfield

{Plentifully on Braunton bo-1
rough - - - - J
King's Teignton ...
On Dartmoor - -

Wood near Dolton
Den at Teignmouth
Bovey Heathfield
f Said to be more frequent in

< Devon than any other
(, county.

{Near Chudleigh, &c.
Near Axminster.
Near Plymouth b -

SOn the marble rocks at Babi-1
combe - - -j

Bovey Heathfield
Near Cleve ...

Slapton sands.

Bovey Heathfield - - -
Near Dartington bridge -
Woods near Hall -
("Near Torquay ...
i On a hill above Bigbury
(.Berryhead ...
Bideford • - - - -
Braunton borough
Preston near King's Teignton
King's Teignton and Trusham
On Dartmoor • - -

{Near King's Teignton and 1
Lustleigh - - - y

High Tor rocks
[ Near Exmouth ...

< Northam borough
( Near Paignton -
Near Exmouth - -
Lord Lisbourne's grounds
Chudleigh, Lustleigh, &c.
Woolleigh ...
Cliffs at Budleigh Salterton -
Near Torquay ...
Bovey Heathfield

Authority.

Dr. Wavell.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Mr. E. Forster, jun.

Rev. Mr. Jones.

Dr. Wavell.

Mr. Anderson.
Mr. E. Forster, jun.
Dr. Wavell.
Rev. Dr. Beeke. »
Rev. Mr. Jones.

Dr. Wavell.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Rev. W. Buckland.
Ray and Mr. Yonge.
Rev. Mr. Neck and Dr.

Beeke.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Rev. Mr. Weston.

Rev. Mr. Jones.

Dr. Maton.

Dr. Wavell.

Rev. Mr. Weston.

Mr. Yonge.

Rev. Mr. Jones.

Mr. Pike.

Rev. Dr. Goodenough. e

Rev. Mr. Jones.

Hudson.

Rev. Mr. Jones.

Hudson.

Mr. Yonge.

Mr. Sinclair Cullen.

Hudson.

Rev. Mr. Weston.

Rev. Mr. Jones.

Dr. Wavell.

Mr. Forster. 1 807.

Rev. Dr. Beeke.

Rev. Mr. Jones.

» Now Dean of Bristol. b Mr. Jones could not find it in this habitat.

c An addition to the English Flora since Hudson's time.

d This species of sium, also, is a modern discovery. c Now bishop of Carlisle.

Erysimum

DEVONSHIRE.

cclxxiii

Names of the Plants.

Erysimum prsecox - -

Cheiranthus sinuatus -

Crambe maritimaf

Lavatera arborea - - -
Fumaria claviculata -

Vicia sylvatica -

Medicago polymorpha -
Chrysocoma linosyris
Carex extensa -
Littorella Iacustris

Myrica Gale -

Asplenium marinum
Hymenophyllum Tunbrigiense
Polypodium Phegopteris
Pillularia globifera
Fontinalis squamosa

Splachnum Turnerianum

ampullaceum

Gymnostonum fasciculare

■ viridissimum -

Grimmia maritima.

(Weissia) crispula

(Weissia) recurvirostra

Dicranum varium - - -

flavescens

. flexuosum

Trichostomum microcarpum -
Tortula tortuosa -
Pterogonium Smithii -

gracile

Neckera pumila -
Polytrichum urnigerum -
Bryum roseum ...
palustre

ventncosum

Hypnum medium
■ undulatum

alopecurum

Hookeria lucens -

Bartramia pomiformis -
Jungermannia tomentella

cochleariformis

— ^— — humatifolia

Where found.

f Near Teignmouth and King's )
I Teignton - - -J

Rocks near Braunton Borough
("Cliffs near Teignmouth and")
\ Sidmouth - - -j

Rocks at Torbay
North Bovey - - -

{Coppices on the marble \
rocks, King's Teignton - )
Frequent on the south coast -
Berryhead -

Bovey Heathfield

("Frequent in the county in

\ boggy grounds.

Dartmoor ...

Lustleigh Cleve

Near Sidmouth
Cawsand hill -

Rocks at Exwick

Wall of Heavitree quarry

Haldon -

Lidford fall

Cawsand hill

Lustleigh Cleve

Babicombe - - - -

Near Maidencombe -

Lustleigh Cleve - - -

Dartmoor ...

Haldon ....

North Bovey -

Dartmoor - - -

("Rocks at Exwick (without]

1 fruit) - - -j

Near Exeter - - -}

Dartmoor - - - >

Lustleigh Cleve - - J

(North Bovey, Lidford fall,]

X and Manaton - -J

North Bovey - - -

Lidford fall -

Streams on Dartmoor

Authority.

Rev. Dr. Beeke.

Mr. Polwhele.

Dr. Maton and Rev. Dr.

Beeke.
Rev. Mr. Weston.
Rev. Mr. Jones.

Rev. Dr. Beeke.

Rev. Dr. Beeke.
Rev. Mr. Holbech, lSl^.s
Rev. Dr. Goodenough.
Rev. Mr. Jones.

Hudson.
Hudson.
Hudson.
Mr. Polwhele.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
("Mr. Turner and
\ Sowerby.
Miss Dale.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Rev. Mr. Jones.

Mr.

Miss Dale.
Miss Dale.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Mr. Greville.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Mr. Greville.
Mr. Greville.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Rev. Mr. Jones.

Miss Dale.
Rev. Mr. Jones.

Rev. Mr. Jones.

Mr. Greville.

Rev. Mr. Jones.

See English Botany, 2592.

' This plant, when cultivated, is the excellent vegetable called sea-kale, introduced to the
notice of the market-gardeners near London, by Mr. Curtis, about the year 1795 : it had been
known some years before in the western markets.

s See English Botany, 2505.
VOL. VI. m m Jungermannia

cclxxiv

DEVONSHIRE.

Names of the Plants.

Jungermannia julacea

purpurea

Targionia hypophylla
Lichen articulatus -

— aphthosus

atro-albus -

— — — « coccineus

■ conspersus

• crassus

• chrysophthalmus

• cochleatus

. exilis
fallax -

■ furfuraceus
flaccidus

■ flavicans

geographicus -
globiferus -

■ glomuliferus

■ gracilis

. horizontalis

■ Islandicus -

■ lanatus

■ laetevirens

■ leucomelos

■ Ientigerus

• miniatus

• omphalodes

• pallidus

■ perellus '

• paschalis

• pulmonarius

■ pustulatus

■ proboscideus

■ plumbeus

■ resupinatus

■ saxatilis

■ scrobiculatus

■ stictoceros

■ sinuatus -

- tartareus *

- tristis

- tremelloides -

■ torrefactus

- ventosus -

- vulpinus

Where found.

Authority.

Dartmoor

Near Dawlish and Exmoutli

Widdecombe

Dartmoor

Moreton and North Bovey -

Dartmoor -

{Near Cliftord'sbridge,Drew's
Teignton
North Bovey -

Dartmoor -

Mountainous parts of Devon

{Wild Tor rock, five miles 1

from Chagford - -J

f More common in Devon 1
I than in other counties - J
Valley of Stones -
Dartmoor -

Heytor rocks - -

Heytov rocks
Dartmoor

Babicombe -

St. Mary Church

Lustleigh Cleve

North Bovey -

Moreton -

North Bovey -

fGrimspound and rocks on

\ Dartmoor

Lustleigh Cleve

Heytor rocks

Dartmoor

Moreton

Dartmoor -

Manaton -

Warren opposite Exmouth

Dartmoor.

Dartmoor
Dartmoor
Dartmoor

See English Botany, 1021.

Mr. Newberry.

Hudson.

Mr. Puddicombe.

Hudson.

Rev. Mr. Jones.

See English Botany, 1088.
f Mr. Slater and Mr. Daw-
\ son Turner.
Mr. Newberry.
Mr. Slater.

Rev. Mr. Newberry.

See English Botany, 1653.

English Botany.

Mr. Dawson Turner.
Mr. Newberry.
Mr. Newberry.
Mr. Anderson.
Mr. E. Forster, jun.
Mr. Anderson.
Mr. Newberry.
Mr. Newberry.
Mr. Hooker, 1S13.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Rev. Mr. Jones.
Rev. Mr. Jones.

Mr. Jones.

Mr. Newberry.

Mr. Puddicombe.

Rev. Mr. Jones.

James Brodie, Esq.

See English Botany, 772.

See English Botany, 720.
See English Botany:
Mr: Newberry.
Mr. Newberry.
Mr. Newberry.

These are the lichens used by the dyers. See the article Produce, p. cclxxix.

Birds.

DEVONSHIRE- cclxxv

Birds. — On this head I have little to observe. The black eagle and
osprey are sometimes seen in this county, and the latter breeds on the
cliffs. The Cornish chough is less frequent than in Cornwall : the black
cock is still to be found on the moor, but is become scarce : among the
rarer birds are the ring owzle and the aberdevine or siskin. The nightin-
gale is so rare, that it has been questioned whether it ever comes into the
county. In addition to the authorities given by Polwhele, I am assured
by George Drake, Esq., of Ipplepen, that he frequently both saw and
heard one, which continued near his house a whole summer, a few years
ago. Among birds of passage, flocks of Bohemian chatterers, grossbeaks,
and crossbills are occasionally seen, and some rare waterfowl, especially
during severe winters. The late G. Montague, Esq., of Kingsbridge, had
a large collection of stuffed English birds, among which were many rare
species shot in this county : the collection has been purchased, since his
death, by government, for the British Museum. The Rev. Mr. Vaughan,
of Aveton Giffard, has a collection also of preserved birds.

Mimical and other remarkable Springs. — Chalybeate springs abound in
the county of Devon : some of these have acquired temporary celebrity.
A spring near Totnes is spoken of by Westcote as having possessed great
popularity about the year 1605 : its virtues were probably over-rated, as
it appears to have been in disuse about 20 years afterwards. At Brook,
near Tavistock, was a spring much resorted to by the common people, as
were springs at Swimbridge, North Molton, Whitwell, on Little Haldon,
and Bellamarsh, in King's Teignton. Mr. Polwhele, in 1793, speaks of
the latter as still in repute : that gentleman observes that he could learn
nothing at Lifton of a mineral spring there, mentioned by tourists. There
is a strong chalybeate spring near Lifton bridge. k A spring in St. Sid-
well's parish was formerly in repute for its medicinal virtues. Gabb's
well, near Cleve, in St. Thomas's parish, was formerly in use as a chaly-
beate, and there are others in that parish. There are chalybeate springs
also at King's Teignton, on Well estate in Ideford, a very strong one at
Bampton, others near Cowleybridge, at Castlehill, Ilsington, &c. ; several
in Exminster, near Totnes, &c. &c. Some of those near Totnes are, ox-
were in repute for complaints of the eye : there is a spring, said to
have similar virtues, at Anchorwood, near Barnstaple. At Ashburton,

k From the information of the Rev. Mr. Martyn of Lifton.

m m 2 and

cclxxvi DEVONSHIRE.

and near the Dart, are springs saturated with ochre. A pool in one of
the Bovey coalpits is spoken of as warm, the water being covered with an
ochreous incrustation. Laywell in Brixham ebbs and flows. Risdon
speaks of a pond at Tidwell, near Otterton, which is of the same nature.

Produce.

Westcote, writing in the reign of Charles I., says, that whereas con-
siderable quantities of grain used formerly to be exported from this
county ; it was in his time, from the increase of manufactures, especially
in the north and south parts, become so populous that much grain was
imported, and he instances one year (1610) in which as much was brought
into the county as sold for 60,000/. Mr. Eraser, in his Survey, (1794,)
speaks of the district about Kingsbridge, Dartmouth, and Modbury, as
remarkable for the produce of barley, and observes that it was exported
from Salcombe in quantities scarcely to be credited. A great part of the
barley is now malted in the county : the quantities exported in the year
1820 from the port of Dartmouth (in which Salcombe is included) were
5548 quarters of barley, and 7180 quarters of malt. There were exported
also from this port 2468 quarters of wheat, 558 of wheat flour, and 357
of oats ; all these were sent coastwise. Great quantities of corn are
grown in the neighbourhood of Hartland, Bideford, and llfracombe ; and
there is a considerable exportation from those ports. '

The chief corn-markets in the county are Exeter, Tavistock, Totnes,
Barnstaple, Plymouth, and Kingsbridge.

About the year 1770 potatoes were grown in great quantities in the
neighbourhood of Moreton Hampstead : they were taken to a market then
held at Two-bridges on Dartmoor, and purchased for the supply of Ply-
mouth and its populous neighbourhood, which is now entirely supplied with
potatoes grown south of Dartmoor. Potatoes are now grown in considerable
quantities in the South Hams : 90,498 bushels were exported from Dart-
mouth in 1820.

I find no data for ascertaining when Devonshire first became noted as a
cyder county. Orchards are not mentioned in the Domesday survey, and
I have not met with any incidental mention of them in records of the two
or three centuries succeeding, to throw any light on the subject. It

1 The annual average exportation from the port of Bideford for the years 1817, 1818, 1819,
and 1820,' was 2703 quarters of wheat, 3259 of barley, and 8492 of oats : considerable
quantities of oats are exported from llfracombe.

appears

DEVONSHIRE. cclxxvii

appears from a passage in Hoker's MS. Survey of Devon m, written in the
sixteenth century, that a considerable variety of apples were then culti-
vated, and he does not speak of orchards as a novelty. He enumerates
thirteen sorts, one of which he calls the cyder fruit. The following passage
from the description of Great Britain" by Harrison, who was a contemporary
of Hoker, intimates that cyder was then by no means a common liquor ;
the more general use of it seems to have taken place before the beginning
of the ensuing century. " In some places of England," says he, " there
is a kind of drink made of apples, which they call cider, or pomage,
but that of peares is named pirrie, and both are ground and pressed in
presses made for the nonce ; certes these two are very common in Sussex,
Kent, Worcester, and other steedes (Devonshire is not mentioned), where
these sorts of fruit do abound ; howbeit they are not their only drinke at
all times, but referred unto the delicate sorts of drinke, as metheglin in
Wales." A great increase of orcharding took place in Devonshire soon
after this. Westcote, writing early in the following century, says, " They
have of late years much enlarged their orchards, and are very curious in
planting and grafting all kynds of fruits for all seasons, of which they make
good use and profyt, both for furnishing their own table and the neighbouring
markets ; but most especially for making of cyder, a drink both pleasant
and healthye0, much desired of seamen for long voyages, more fitte to make
beverage than beere, and much cheaper and easier to be had than wyne." p
Great quantities of cyder are now made, in a productive year, for ex-
portation. The largest exportation ever known was in the year 1820, in
which 11,265 hogsheads'1 were sent from the ports of Exeter and Dart-
mouth (the former including Teignmouth, and the latter Salcombe r).

Prodigious

m Quoted by Mr. Polwhele from the Portledge Collection, since dispersed.

" Prefixed to Holinshed's Chronicle.

° In modern times there have been some doubts upon this subject : the species of colic,
called from its frequent occurrence in this county, colica Damnoniensis, or the Devonshire
colic, has been attributed by Musgrave, Huxham, Sir George Baker, and others, to the free
use of this liquor. Sir George Baker, having analyzed it, and detected small portions of
lead in its composition, attributed its deleterious qualities to that circumstance, and he ascer-
tained that lead had been used in the construction of several of the presses, a practice which,
when discovered, it must have been easy to avoid.

p MS. Survey in the British Museum.

'l The Devonshire hogshead contains only 63 gallons.

i This number is exclusive of what is shipped by the growers, and is not liable to duty.
Affidavits are made before a magistrate that such cyder is made entirely of fruit of the owners'

growth.

cclxxviii DEVONSHIRE.

Prodigious quantities are made for home-consumption. Almost every part
of the county has its orchards ; but the cyder of the South Hams is pre-
ferred, and it is there only, and in the neighbourhood of Exeter, that it is
made for exportation. I find however in Polwhele an observation that
cyder of a fine quality is made in the parishes of Dunkeswell and Church
Staunton, said to have been equal to that of the South Hams ; and this ob-
servation I have heard confirmed. In the more fertile parts of the county,
most adapted for the culture of the apple-tree, the produce is said to be im-
mense. Mr. Polwhele speaks of one tree as having produced five hogsheads of
cyder. Mr. Eraser mentions an orchard of three acres at Staverton, which, in
1793, produced 80 hogsheads. It is estimated that in that parish alone 8000
hogsheads are made in a full-bearing year : there are 32 presses and pounds
in the parish. Dartington also, and some other of the neighbouring
parishes, produce great abundance of cyder, and of the richest quality.

Cyder is sent from Devonshire to London, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Sun-
derland, Leith, Swansea, Liverpool, and thence by the canals into York-
shire, &c.

The parish of Beer Ferrers has long been noted for its produce of fruit,
as cherries, strawberries1, pears, walnuts, &c. Goodleigh has long been,
and still is, famous for its produce of cherries, which are brought to the mar-
ket at Barnstaple. There are cherry-orchards also at Christow. Paignton,
on the Torbay coast, is famous for a peculiar sort of cabbage, which takes its
name from that village : it is grown also in great quantities in the adjoining
parish of Cockington : this cabbage is an excellent vegetable, and there is
a great demand for it in the season, as well as for the seed and plants. The
great markets for it are Exeter and Plymouth.

Hemp was formerly grown in great quantities in the parish of Comb
Martin. It was spoken o'f as an important commodity when it was pro-
posed to make a port at Hartland, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. '
It has long ceased to be cultivated in that neighbourhood. Flax is spoken
of by Campbell as one of the principal commodities of Devon at a later

growth. Abraham Hawkins, Esq., of Alston, before whom great numbers of these affidavits
have been made for many years, and to whom I am indebted for various particulars relating
to the neighbourhood of Kingsbridge, informs me that between 400 and 500 hogsheads of
cyder of this description are exported in a productive year.

r Marshall's Rural Economy of the Western Counties, i. 215.

■ Campbell's Political Survey, vol. i. p. 340.

period.

DEVONSHIRE. cclxxix

period. It is still cultivated in considerable quantities in the parish of
Halberton, and some is grown in the adjoining parishes, on the borders
of Somersetshire.

Among the vegetable productions of the earth, or rather of the rocks,
which have been converted to a commercial purpose, may be mentioned
the lichens, or rock-moss, used by the dyers. We are told that, in the
years from 1762 to I767 inclusive, Mr. Davy, whose brother had obtained
a patent for making it into English orchil, collected, from the rocks and
tors of Dartmoor, nearly 100 tons of the lichen tartareus. Many tons of
this lichen, and of the lichen parellus, which is applicable to the same pur-
poses, were collected in the neighbourhood of Oakhampton about 20 years
ago. After they have been well stripped, it requires many years to clothe
the rocks again with these vegetable productions ; but I am informed that
there is now a plentiful crop of both species.

The number of cattle bred in this county is considerable ; they are,
for the most part, sent in droves from various parts of the county, to
the graziers, in Somersetshire, Essex, &c, who fatten them for the London
markets- Considerable numbers of sheep also are bred in the north of
Devon, and there is a great sheep-fair at Bampton, but not equal to those
in Hampshire. Among the exports of 1820 at Dartmouth, I find 368 1<
sheep sent coastwise to Portsmouth and Brighthelmstone.

The wool grown on Dartmoor was formerly (in the reign of Edward I.)
exported in considerable quantities to foreign countries. In more modern
times it has formed one of the principal articles of importation, especially
in the more flourishing periods of the manufactures.

Butter is sent in considerable quantities from the neighbourhood of
Honiton, Axminster, &c, to London. I am assured, from the best autho-
rity ', that not less than 1500 dozen pounds are sent weekly from Honiton
to London, and about 300 dozen pounds for the supply of the towns on the
south coast of Devon. During the war, great quantities were sent to
Portsmouth.

What has been said of the Cornish mines may here be repeated of the
tin-mines of this county ; that it appears from Strabo, Herodotus, and
other ancient writers, that the Phoenicians, and after them successively the
Greeks and the Romans, traded for that article with the western inhabit-
ants of Britain, and that there is no doubt that it had become an article

' Communicated on the authority of the principal butter-factor of Honiton, by C. Gidley,
Esq., of Honiton, to whom I have been obliged for various information relating to that neigh-
bourhood.

cclxxx DEVONSHIRE.

of commerce at a very remote period, and continued such even during
the middle ages. There is no mention of the Devonshire tin-mines in the
record of Domesday ; yet we find that so early as the reign of Richard I. it
was one of the principal sources of the revenue of the earldom of Cornwall.
In the tenth year of that monarch's reign, the earldom being then in the
crown, William de Worrham accounted at the exchequer for the ferm
and issues of the tin-mines of Devon and Cornwall. u In the 14th of
King John, the same William accounted for the sum of 200 marks for the
ferm of the stannary of Cornwall, and 200/. for the ferm of that of
Devon, by which it seems that the Devonshire mines were then worked
to a greater extent than those of Cornwall. It is probable, however, that,
from some temporary causes, the tin-mines were not then so productive
as they afterwards became ; for the immense wealth which enabled Earl
Richard, in 1257, to purchase the title of King of the Romans, has
been attributed by the old foreign historians to the revenue which he
derived from the tin-mines of his earldom.

In 1250 King Henry III. had granted a charter of protection to the
tinners of Devon, commanding all knights and others, of whom the
tinners of Dartmoor held, that they should not exact from them other
customs or services than they ought, and had been accustomed to do,
nor to vex them contrary to the liberties they had before enjoyed
under charters of the King's predecessors, but maintain them in the
said liberties. * In 1337 the profits of the coinage of tin to the Earl of
Cornwall, in the county of Devon, were 273/. 19s. 5id. v In the years 1373,
1374, and 1375, the coinage of tin produced, on an average, only 127/. per
annum. 2 In 1471 the quantity of tin raised in Devon was 242,6241b.
the profit to the duke 190/. Yfs. Hid., being at the rate of 1*. 6|e?. per
hundred weight. The quantity raised in Cornwall that year was 851,116'lb.,
the profit 1705/. 5d., the rate of duty in that county being at 45. per
hundred weight. In 1479 the weight of tin was, in Devon, 211,0451b.,
the profit 166/. 9s. 5$d. ; in Cornwall, 808,9501b., the profit 1620/. 17*. lW.a
The profits in both counties, 15 Hen. VIII., were 2771/. 3s. 9\d. In that
year there were, in the county of Devon, 424 tinners, who paid what was

» Madox's History of the Exchequer. » Pat. Rot. 35 Hen. III.

y Dodridge's Historical Account of the Principality of Wales, Duchy of Cornwall, &c.
2d edit. p. 97.

« Roll of the Revenues of Edward the Black Prince, 47—49 Edw. III. in the Tower.
» From the records of the duchy.

called

DEVONSHIRE.

cclxxxi

called the white rent, 8d. per annum, to the duchy. In the year 1602
the profit of the coinage of tin in this county was only 102/. 17*. 9%d. '

The average quantity of tin raised in Devon for six years, ending at
Michaelmas 1820, was 1171 blocks, weighing 586 cwt. and gibs., .and
yielding a duty of 45/. 17*. 9^. m Of the tin-mines now worked, Vitifer,
in the parish of North Bovey, Ailsborough, in that of Shipstor, and
Whiteworks, in that of Lidford, are upon a large scale. The former has
been rather productive, but is now on the point of being abandoned.
Gobbets, in Widdecombe in the Moor, is, or was lately, working : Wheal
Union, in Ashburton, and Bottlehill, in Plympton St. Mary, are, or were
lately, working for tin and copper. There are also some stream-works
and small mines near Daltmoutli, worked by labouring miners on their own

account.

There have been old tin-mines in most of the parishes bordering on
Dartmoor n, and stream-works on most of the rivers in its neighbourhood ;

' Dodridge.

■» The number of tons of tin raised annually, upon an average, in Cornwall and Devon, at
the beginning of the last century, was 1600 ; about the latter end, 3245 : but a small propor-
tion of this has been raised in Devon. Rees's Cyclopaedia, article Mining.

n The following table of abandoned tin mines was obligingly communicated by Mr. John
Taylor.

Date when last worked.

Parishes.

Ashburton
North Bovey
Lidford

Widdecombe
Walkhampton

Shipstor
Mary Tavy

Tavistock
Whitchurch

Name of Mines,

Whiddon Down
Peckpits
Bachelor's hall
Huntington
Brempts
Nuns

Keaglesburrow
God's Hal)
Whitemoor Mead
Ringmore Down
Crown Hill
Wheal Jewell
Wheal Unity
Wheal Saturday
Devil's Kitchen
Wheal Surprize
Concord
Concord East
Wheal Mary
Wheal Sidney
Furzehill
Grimstone

1810.

1810.
1807.
1810.
1810.
1780.
1790.
1809.
1809.
1797.
1795.
1809.
1795.
1795.
1795.
1795.
1795.
1795.
1798.
1805.

Walkhampton
Shaugh
Buckland
Sampford

These had all been abandoned before 1815; since that time East Poldice, in Buckland ;
Wheal Greenofen, in Whitchurch; and Wheal Lucky, in Sampford Spiney, have been
abandoned. These were worked but a short time.

Vol. VI. " « the

cclxxxii DEVONSHIRE.

the old stream -works at Plympton were renewed some years ago, but have
not been worked since 1805.

Early in the sixteenth century the stream-works on all these and the
Cornish rivers were worked to a great extent, whereby the principal
southern ports and havens of the two counties were decayed and destroyed.
The act passed for their preservation, in 1531, states in the preamble,
that so great a quantity of sand, gravel, stone, rubble, earth, and filth,
descending and coining down from the rivers near which the said works
were carried on, had so filled and choked the said havens that whereas
ships of 800 tons might heretofore have easily entered at low water, then
ships of 100 tons could scarcely enter at half-flood. It was enacted, that
no person should search for tin near the rivers connected with these havens,
unless the searchers should make " hatches or tyes" to secure the said
stone, sand, gravel, &c, from being carried down by the rivers, under a
penalty of 10/. By another act passed four years after, the penalty was
increased to 20/. It was enacted in the fourteenth year of Richard II.,
that tin should be exported from Dartmouth only ; but this statute was
repealed the following year. The tin concerns are regulated by the stan-
nary laws", which have been already mentioned. The stannary towns of
Devon are, Ashburton, Chagford, Plympton, and Tavistock. The tin
was formerly smelted and coined in the county, but since the produce
raised has been so much diminished, it has been taken into Cornwall to be
smelted.

It appears that some copper-mines were worked in this county early in
the last century ; but it was not before the commencement of the present
that they were worked to any extent. Mr. Polwhele, in his History of
Devon, published in 1798, speaks of copper-mines at Ashburton, Wood-
Huish, in the parish of Brixham, Sampford Spiney, and a mine at
Oakhampton, worked some years, but then long since deserted. Of
these mines he promised to give a more particular account, but it is not
to be found in the subsequent part of his work. By inquiry at Oakhamp-
ton, I cannot find that any copper-mine had been ever worked there with
success. The history of mining, in the Cyclopasdia of Dr. Rees, states
that previously to 1800 it was supposed that the copper-mines of Devon,
mostly situated within a few miles of the town of Tavistock, had not alto-

0 See p.iv., and an account of its prison and parliaments, p. 313, 314. 414. More relating
to the Stannaries may be seen in the account of Cornwall, and some general observations re-
specting the mines.

gether,

DEVONSHIRE.

cclxxxiii

gether, in any one year, yielded more than 100 tons of fine copper, and
even this was then a recent occurrence. The rise of price of the metal
gave a great stimulus to the exertions of the miners, and from this time
the quantity of ore dug greatly increased.

In 1811 there were seven mines worked in the county of Devon, ex-
clusively perhaps of a few others unproductive : the names of these are
subjoined, with the quantity of ore offered for sale by each.

Tons.
Wheal Friendship - - - - 1 102

Wheal Crebor (on the Tavistock canal) - 130S

Wheal Ciwndale - - - - 863

East Crowndale - - - - 91 3

Ding Dong .... 250

Wheal Hope - 6

Wheal Huckworthy - ... 10

The following account of the produce of the copper-mines of Devon
from the beginning of the century to 1811, is copied from the new edition
of Risdon, having been communicated by Mr. John Taylor, who has
obligingly enabled me to continue it to the present time.

1801

1802
1S03
1801
1S05
1S06
1807
1808
1S09
1810
1S11
1812
1813
1811
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820

Copper

Tons.

1078
2201
24S6
2578
3832
4542
3916
3308
3206
3747
3540
5321
5020
5743
4691
3650
3390
4053
3776
4037

Ore.

cnt. qrs.
18 0
0
1
0
2

0
17
16
13 0

5 0

3 0

7 2

2 3

0 0

1 1

5
14

8
15
20

Total 74,126 5 0

Fine Copper.
Tons. cwt. qrs. lbs.
136 6 3
252 12 1
4 1

288

283 16

332 0

412 0

394 15

346 6

364 19

358

371
319

287

475 10
473 5

323 13 0
506 15 2
2

407 16 0
374 16 1
463 1 1 3

7172 13 1 27

Value.

12,878
22,950
26,584
29,119
43,130
50,714
36,526
26,894
35,245
39,56S
31,517
40,340
39,079
45,77l2
30,581
21,270
21,093
40,49S
36,418
39,593

s. d.

6 1

0 0
16 95

9 Hi
16 7

10 8$
6 5\

2 3i

11 6J

3 1

15 0
18 11

16 11

12 3

13 9
4 6

12 7
2 9
9 7

15 11

669,779 5 8J

The principal copper-mines now worked are "Wheal Friendship, in Mary
Tavy ; Wheal Crowndale, in Tavistock ; Wheal Crebor, near the tunnel

9. on

n n %

cclxxxiv DEVONSHIRE.

on the Tavistock canal ; East and West Liscombe, on the south side of
the Tavistock tunnel ; and Wheal Tamar, adjoining East Liscombe on
the west ; and a mine at Buckf'astleigh.

Wheal Friendship mine, which produces also some lead, is very produc-
tive of rich copper ore. It has been working for 25 or 26 years, and is
now about 170 fathoms deep. Wheal Crowndale, which was discovered in
1799, was very rich in ore for about ten years, but of late years has been
so little productive, that it is now nearly abandoned; it is 110 fathoms
deep. Wheal Crebor was very rich from about 1811 to 1819, when it
became unproductive ; but further discoveries have been lately made which
promise to render it again more productive : it is about 80 fathoms deep.
East Liscombe, discovered about three years ago, has lately become
productive ; a large water-wheel has been erected to drain the mine, for
the purpose of prosecuting further discoveries : it is now about 50 fathoms
deep. Wheal Tamar, near the river of that name, has been working about
SO years, and was rich with copper-ore for a short time, but has not of
late years been so productive. This is the only copper-mine in the county
which has a steam-engine ; the others being worked by very powerful
overshot water-wheels, some of which are from 40 to 50 feet diameter.
The four last mentioned mines, Wheal Crowndale, Wheal Crebor, East
Liscombe, and Wheal Tamar, are on the same lode which ranges as usual
from east to west, and are included in a space of about four miles in length.
There are other small copper-mines which have been tried, or are now ex-
ploring, but they are not considered as being entitled to particular notice."
The copper-mine at North Molton is said to have been worked many years

<i In the list of mines about 1815, communicated by Mi-. Taylor, is the following class of
mines working for copper, which had not then become productive : the event of most of them
is subjoined : —

Parishes. Mines.

North Molton - - The old mine, since again given up.

Mary Tavy - - Wheal Hope - - given up.

Tavistock - - Little Duke

Bickleigh ... Wheal Henry
Tavistock - - Wheal Burn

Little Duke - -{ s00n given up.

North Wheal Crrbor -y ° '

,„, , „ . f produced some copper, but not of

Wheal Georgma " f importance.

" 5- unsuccessful.

ro-ir j -\,t f small produce, given up, but re-

- W llliam and Mary - -i ji . „„ v

J l opened last year.

with

George and Charlotte

W7heal Irapham - - J- given up.

South Wheal Tamar

DEVONSHIRE.

cclxxxv

with good success. r It had been abandoned before 1778. Vancouver
speaks of its having been re-opened, and worked about the year 1813 ; but
it was not found to answer to the adventurers, and lias since been wholly
abandoned/

The lead mines of this county and of Cornwall are more enriched with
sdver than those of any other part of the kingdom. The produce of the
mines at Comb Martin and Beer Alston, is said to have been unusually
great in the reigns of Edward I. and II., and to have much enriched the
treasury of those monarchs. In the year 1293, William de Wymundham
accounted at the treasury for 270 pounds of silver raised in Devonshire,
which was given towards the portion of Eleanor, the king's daughter,
then married to the Duke of Barr. The next year there was refined the
quantity of 521/. 10s. weight; and in 1295, 704/. 3s. Id. weight. In 1296,
in which year 360 miners were impressed out of Derbyshire and Wales,
there was great profit from the Devonshire mines, t

In the year 1326 it appears, that the mine of Bir-lond, which I take to
have been Beer, was in the king's hands, certain persons being then em-
powered to elect miners in the counties of Cornwall and Devon, and to

' The ore was plentiful in 1729, and sold then at 6/. 10s. per ton ; a good price for that
time. Woodward.

* Mr. Taylor has favoured me with the following list of abandoned copper-mines, drawn up
in or about 1815 : —

Parishes.

Ashburton

Molland

Oakhampton

Eridestowe

Tavistock

Names of Mines,

Whitchurch

Buckland Monachorum

Whitchurcl
Lamerton

Awsewell Wood
Molland Mine *
Wheal Oak

Wheal Bedford
Wheal Peter
Wheal Adam
Great Duke
Wheal Tool
Holming Beam
Marquis

Wheal Tavistock
Wheal Smith
Wheal Surprize
Virtuous Lady
Crakern Beam
Wheal Charlotte
Wheal Carpenter
Wheal Capeltor

Owlacombe mine, near Ashburton, was abandoned about the year

• This mine was worked by Mr. Courtenay so early as 1728.

1 Fuller's Worthies, who quotes from records at the Tower.

Date when last worked.

1810.
1770.
1808.
1809.
1812.
1811.
1806.
1813.
1812.
1810.
1812.
1810.
1810.
1812.
1807.
1807.
1807.
1803.
1810.
1815.

bring

cclxxxvi DEVONSHIRE.

bring back such as had deserted from the works. u In the early part of
Edward the Third's reign, I find a grant to the inhabitants of Devon, of
liberty to dig for gold or silver on their own lands for two years, giving
an account to the king's clerks. x In 1358, the king granted to John
Ballantine and Walter Bolbolter, all his mines of gold and silver for two
years. y This, probably, was an experiment ; for I find that at the end of
the two years, the king took the mines into his own hands. In 1360, a
writ was issued authorising certain persons to take up so many miners and
workmen as should be necessary to work in the king's mines in Devon-
shire, allowing them reasonable wages according to the custom of the
country ; to arrest and imprison such as should resist, till they should give
security to serve the king in the said mines ; and to buy and provide
timber at a competent price.2 In 1361, John Wolf was made controller
of the king's mines in Devonshire. ' In 1370, there was a writ, directed to
the masters of the king's mines in the county of Devon, empowering them to
take eight men (miners, melters, and boilers,) out of the county of York, and
six miners from the counties of Nottingham and Derby. b King Richard II.,
in 1377, assigned Henry de Burton, by himself and his deputies, to search
all mines of gold and silver in the counties of Devon, Cornwall, &c, as
well in the banks of rivers, and in rivulets, as in other places in the said
counties, where it might seem to him most for the king's advantage ; and
also to elect and take, wheresoever they might be found, such labourers
and workers as should be necessary for the said digging and works ; and
to imprison such as should resist. c

In 1384, King Richard II. granted to Nicholas Wake, Clerk, license to
dig for gold and silver in Devon for ten years11, paying tithes to the
church, and one-ninth to the king.e In 1405, Henry and John Derby,

» Pat. Rot. 19 Edward II. m. 18. x Pat. Rot. 12 Edward III.

y Pettus, p. 13. These were probably the lead and copper mines: the copper was sup-
posed to contain, indeed, both gold and silver.

' Pat. Rot. 34 Edward III. pt. 1. m. 9. a Pat. Rot. 35 Edward III.

<> Pat. Rot. 44 Edward III. pt. 2. m. 2. dors. ' Pat. Rot. 1 Richard II. pt. 1. m. 2.

d The usual history of royal mines has been, that they were first worked at the king's ex-
pence ; when they became less productive they were farmed out; afterwards, when aban-
doned by the lessees, permission was granted to individuals or companies, who were more
enterprising, to work them: hence arose the company for working the mines royal. The
power which this society once possessed having been much abused, was justly considered as
highly injurious to the liberty of the subject, and has been abridged so as to render it nugatory.

« Pat. Rot. 8 Richard II.

had

DEVONSHIRE. cclxxxvii

had a lease of the king's mines in Devon, the prior of Pilton being made
controller. f In 14-27, John Duke of Bedford had a lease of these mines
for ten years e ; and in 1 138, John Solers for 20 years, from the expiration
of the Duke of Bedford's term, paying to the crown a fifteenth of pure
gold and silver. " In 1440, Richard Curson, Esq., had a 20 years' lease
of all mines of gold and silver in Devon and Cornwall, with wood and
underwood requisite for the purpose of proving and refining the metal. '
John Bottright, the king's chaplain, was made controller of the mines in-
1451 k : in 1454, Alured Cornburgh. ' The next year they were granted
to Richard Duke of York, for 20 years."1 John Bottright, abovementioned,
was made governor of the mine at Beer Ferrers in 1457"; ar-d soon after-
wards he made complaint, as appears by a record in the Exchequer, that
Robert Glover, by the command of Roger Champernowne, (lord of the
manor) had taken away 144 bonis of glance ore, valued at 15/. 6s. 8d., and
made profit of the same without any thing allowed to the king, to the
king's damage of 100/.° In 1461, the Devonshire mines were leased to
John Ormond, Esq., for 22 years. p The same year, soon after the acces-
sion of Edward IV., all the king's mines in Devon and Cornwall were
leased to Sir John Neville, of Montague, at the annual rent of 110/.q

The Comb Martin mines were re-opened in the reign of Queen Elizabeth
under the direction of Sir Bevis Buhner, a skilful engineer, much esteemed
by that queen and her ministers. Mr. Bushell, a celebrated mineralogist
of that day, and a pupil of Sir Francis Bacon, strongly recommended the
reworking of the Comb Martin mines to the long parliament, in 1659.
Fuller, who wrote soon after the Restoration, observes that the mines had
not recovered their former credit. They do not appear to have been re-
opened before the close of that century, and then without success. The
mines were opened again in 1813, and continued to be worked for four
years, during which time 208 tons of ore were shipped for Bristol ; but the
quantity of silver obtained being not found sufficient to pay for the ex-
pence of working, they were given up in the month of August, 1817-

The mines at Beer Alston and Beer Ferrers, are remarkable for the
length of time for which at different periods they have been worked, and

' Pat. Rot. 7 Henry IV. and Pettus. s Pettus. b Ibid.

1 Pat. Rot. 19 Henry VI. t Pettus. I Pat. Rot. 33 Henry VI.

ra Pat. Rot. 34 Henry VI. " Pettus. <• Cyclopaedia; article Mining,

p Rot. Pat. 38 Henry VI. 1 Rot. Pat. 1 Edward IV.

tor

cclxxxviii DEVONSHIRE.

for the quantity of silver which they contain ; the silver in each ton of lead
being from 80 ounces to 120. r This I suppose to be the same mine which
in a record of the reign of Henry VI. is called Bir-lond. Either this or the
mine at Beer Ferrers, was worked in the reign of Charles II. by Sir John
Maynard, but, as it is said, without success. In 1783, or 1784, this mine was
again opened by Christopher Gullett, Esq., and the silver produce of the
year 1784 and 1785, amounted to 6500 ounces. ' Extensive preparations
were made for opening the Beer Alston mines again, about 1809, and the
undertaking was divided into 3000 shares of 100/. each. It has been said,
that some time after the last re-opening, 6000 ounces of silver were pro-
cured in six weeks. The mines are described as 110 fathom deep, and
running under the Tamar. z The Beer Alston and Beer Ferrers mines are
contiguous, upon two lodes, or veins. They have not answered to the
adventurers, and the whole has been again abandoned except the mine
called South Hooe. Wheal Betsy lead-mine, in Mary Tavy, which had been
worked about 80 years ago, was re-opened about 1806, and has been a
productive concern. The quantity of pig-lead obtained from it is now
between 300 and 400 tons in a year, and the silver from 4000 to 5000
ounces, although a ton of the lead yields only 12 ounces." This mine is
drained by large water-wheels, and is now about 60 fathom deep, with
good promise of continuing productive. x

About the year 1787, Mr, Gullet, above mentioned, re-opened a lead and
silver mine at Newton St. Cyres ; but it was abandoned after a trial of five
or six years. The proportion of silver in this ore is said to have been 30
ounces in a ton. y The lead veins or lodes in Devon range from north to
south, crossing the usual direction of the copper and tin mines. It is said
that there have been lead-mines formerly at Ilsington. Lead-ore has been

' From the information of Mr. Taylor. An article in the Cyclopaedia states, that in one the
portion of silver is 70 ounces in a ton, and in another 170. Mr. Jehu Hitchings speaks of HO
ounces as the greatest quantity occasionally occurring in the ore of South Hooe mine, at Beer
Alston.

s From the information of John Hawkins, Esq. ' Cyclopaedia.

u From the information of Mr. Taylor. The pig-lead is smelted at the mine : some of the
produce is sent away in ore.

* Other mines now worked are Wheal Prosperous, in Hennock ; Wheal Mary, in Mary
Tavy ; Birch and Cleve, Buttspile, and Wheal Ezenedge, in Beer Ferrers parish.

J From the information of John Hawkins, Esq.

found

DEVONSHIRE.

cclxxxix

found at Rattery. Lead is found accompanying the copper in Wheal
Friendship mine. At one time, this was the only lead ore raised in the
county. m

Most of the ores dug in the mines near Tavistock, are exported from
Plymouth. The quantities have of late decreased ; in 1819, 9271 tons
were exported ; in 1820, 8096; and in 1821, only 6312.

There are said to have been old iron mines at Rattery, and near South
Molton. Vancouver mentions, that a considerable quantity of rich iron-
stone was sent annually from the neighbourhood of Comb Martin to South
Wales. Upon enquiry, I find that this was from the year 1796 to 1S02 ; and
it was sent to the iron-works at Llanelly. The quantity sent in the seven
years was 9293 tons. n None has been shipped since 1802, which was
some years before Mr. Vancouver's survey was published.

Manganese has been found in great quantities in this county ; and within
the last fifty years a considerable trade has been carried on in that article.
It was first found about the year 1770, at Upton Pyne, about four miles
north of Exeter; and this mine, together with two others of less conse-
quence on the same lode at Newton St. Cyres, for many years supplied the
whole united kingdom with this article ; and of the finest quality, as I am
informed, ever raised any where. The consumption for some years was in-
considerable, the use of it being confined almost wholly to manufacturing
what was called the Egyptian ware in Staffordshire, and in purifying glass.
Its use in bleaching, however, afterwards became considerable ; and from

m The following list of lead mines abandoned before 1815, was communicated by Mr. John
Taylor : —

Parishes. Names of Mines. Date when last worked.

Yarnscombe
Berry Narbor
Lidford -
Beer Ferrers

In 1796
1797 -
1798
1799 -

Unknown
Berry mine
Wheal Mercy
Wheal Resolution
North Hooe
Furzehill
Whitsum
Lockeridge -
Wheal Unity

Tons.

116.
1584.

2336.
1012.

In 1800
1801
1802

1794.
1809.
1810.
1795.
1795.
1785.
1785.
1785.
1805.

Tons.
2114.
2025.
106.

From the information of Walter Locke, Esq., of Ilfracombe.

Vol. VI. oo

about

ccxc DEVONSHIRE.

about 180i to 1810, the quantity shipped from Exeter amounted to
between two and 3000 tons per annum. The mines, or pits, at Newton
St. Cyres, failed about the year 1810 ; and since that period, the mine at
Upton Pyne has been exhausted. New discoveries of manganese, however,
were made in the parishes of Doddescombleigh, Ashton, Christow, &c.
seven miles west of Exeter, which are said to have produced from ten to
1500 tons per annum. They are still worked, but the produce of last year
did not much exceed 450 tons. It is shipped at Exeter.

About 1815, manganese mines were discovered in the neighbourhood of
Tavistock, in the parishes of Coryton, Brent Tor, Lifton, Maristow °, and
Milton Abbot, from which considerable quantities are procured and shipped
at Plymouth ; at which port the exportations of this article are increasing,
1336 tons having been shipped off in 1819, 2170 in 1820, and 2212 in
1S21 : but a considerable portion of this must have been from the neigh-
bouring part of Cornwall. In the note below will be seen the produce of
each of the Devonshire mines in the year 1821.° Manganese has been
found in the north of the county, in the parishes of Braunton and Mar-
wood, but not in sufficient quantity to encourage speculation.

Antimony is of rare occurrence in this county ; but a considerable and
increasing quantity is dug for sale at Pillaton, in the adjoining county of
Cornwall p, and exported from Plymouth."1

Cobalt has been found near Meavy and Walkhatnpton, but not in a suf-
ficient quantity to become an article of commerce. r The same may be
said of zinc and arsenic.

Large quantities of ochre occur in the parish of East Downe. In the
year 1785, Mr. Pine Coffin set up a manufactory there for grinding it :
umber, raised at Berry Narbor, was sent thither to be ground with it; and
for three years 45 tons, on an average, were shipped and consigned to
London; but from difficulties which occurred in managing the concern,
Mr. Pine Coffin was induced to discontinue it. Whilst the concern was car-
ried on, these articles were much in use by the paper-stainers : the umber
was esteemed to be of a particularly good quality.

° Upton Pyne, 30 tons; Ashton, 130; Doddescombleigh, 280; Christow, 16; Ilsington, 15;
Milton Abbot, 250 ; Lamerton, 150; Brent Tor, 40 ; Coryton, 280 ; Maristow, 390 ; Lifton,
250; and Lew Trenchard, 80. From the information of Edward Williams, Esq.

P The vein has been discovered since the History of Cornwall was published.

i Twenty tons in 1819, 33 in 1820, and 79 in 1821.

' Except that about 1700 lbs. of an inferior quality, procured from a mine at Sampford
Spiney, were sold about the year 1820.

DEVONSHIRE. ccxci

In the parishes of Hennock and Lustleigh there is found in the granite
a species of micaceous or specular iron ore, known by the name of Devon-
shire sand ; a i'ew tons of this article were sent, some years ago, from
Exeter to London, where it was used for writing-sand, and various other
purposes. It was sold from three guineas to eight guineas a ton.

Pipe-clay was formerly dug in great abundance at Weare GifFard, and in
the parishes of Peters Merland, and Petrockstow. It was sent coastwise
from the port of Bideford, and by canals to the potteries in Stafford-
shire. The pits at the two last-mentioned places have not been worked
for nearly 20 years.

Pipe and potters' clay are found, in inexhaustible quantities s, in the
parishes of Hennock, Ilsington, Bovey-Tracey, Teigngrace, King's Teignton,
&c. Some years ago pipe-clay was dug at Knighton, in the parish of
Hennock, and manufactured into tobacco-pipes on the spot. The manu-
facture has been long since given up, and the works abandoned. Both '
pipe and potters' clay are now dug in great quantities on Bovey Heath-
field, and in the parish of King's Teignton ; and are conveyed by the
Stover canal, constructed by Mr. Templer, to Teignmouth, whence it is
shipped to most parts of the united kingdom. The potters' clay is used at
the manufactories at Indio and Bovey Heathfield, and sent to most of the
manufactories of earthenware. A potters' clay, of a very superior quality,
has recently been discovered in the parish of King's Teignton, which
burns remarkably white, and is considered as a most valuable discovery
for the manufacture of china. About 20,000 tons of clay of the various
sorts, are annually exported from Teignmouth. '

The clay-pits are for the most part the property of George Templer,
Esq. : they were first worked about the year 1730. The demand has
greatly increased within the last 40 years, particularly since the Stover
canal has been opened. The pits are open works, seldom exceeding 100
feet in depth : the clay is cut into square pieces of about 33 lbs. each,
which are readily raised by the workmen without machinery. The pits
are kept clear of water by common wooden pumps.

6 In boring for coal some time ago in the parish of Ilsington, the bed of clay was found to
be 230 feet in depth.

' From the information of the Rev. John Templer, to whom I have been indebted for vari-
ous particulars relating to the neighbourhood of Teignmouth.

o o 2 Brown

ccxcii DEVONSHIRE.

Brown. clay is raised in the parish of Fremington, and manufactured into
useful coarse earthenware at the potteries at Barnstaple and Bideford.

The anthracite, already mentioned as found near Bideford, is raised in
considerable quantities for the purpose of a pigment, and is employed as
such in the dock-yard at Plymouth.

Several attempts have been made to procure coal in this county. Mr.
Northmore sunk a shaft for this purpose near Exeter in 1818, but was
unsuccessful, as his father had been in I76I : he still supposes, nevertheless,
that coal would be found at a great depth ; but it is the opinion of
the most scientific geologists of the present day, that coal does not
occur in the strata of this county. It has been said, that it has been found
in small quantities at Abbotsham u, and elsewhere ; but culm might have
been mistaken for it. Culm has been dug in the parishes of Tawstock,
High Heanton, and Chittlehampton. At the two last-mentioned places,
the works were soon abandoned ; but, at Tawstock, it was procured in great
quantities and of a good quality about the middle of the last century.
The works had been given up, and re-opened about 1790 : they were
abandoned about 1800, on account of the water ; at that time, about 900
bushels a week were procured ; the depth of the pit being then about Q5
fathoms. The culm is found at the depth of about five or six fathoms ;
the veins, of which there are two, are about nine feet thick, and are
supposed to be of great depth.

The substance called Bovey coal, on Bovey Heathfield, (for an account
of which see p. ccxlix.) was first dug for use early in the last century. It is
not much used for fuel, except by the neighbouring cottagers, on account
of its bituminous smell : its use, indeed, is now chiefly confined to a pot-
tery established a few years ago near the pit, and an adjoining lime-kiln.
The bed appears to be inexhaustible, and were its smell less offensive,
would be a most valuable property.

There are various beautiful marbles in Devonshire, which occur in the
limestone rocks at Chudleigh, Bickington near Ashburton, Buckfastleigh,
Denbury, Staverton, Berry Pomeroy, Waddon, Churston, &c. near Torbay,
Babicombe, St. Mary Church, King's Teignton, Drewe's Teignton, South
Tawton, Yealmton, Brixton, Oreston, &c. ; and some years ago, a good

u This appears to have been culm : it was in small quantities, and did not pay the expense
of digging.

deal

DEVONSHIRE. ccxciii

deal of the Babicombe marble was polished, and sent to London, The
marble from the Chudleigh and Harcombe rocks is now manufactured
into beautiful chimney-pieces, and sent from the port of Teignmouth.

Prodigious quantities of lime are procured from the limestone and marble
rocks, which occur in various parts of the county ; near Plymouth, at St.
Mary Church, Buckfastleigh, Bickington near Ashburton, Branscombe on
the south coast, South Tawton, Bampton, Cannonleigh, Hockworthy,
Castlehill, Swimbridge, Comb Martin, &c. &c. &c. Lord Fortescue, who
owns the works at Castlehill, had formerly lime-works at Challocombe, but
they have been discontinued. The great lime-works at Swimbridge are
on an estate called Marsh ; there are other smaller works in that parish
and Landkey. There are several small lime-works in Comb Martin : those
of J. D. Basset, Esq., are on an extensive scale, as are those at Canon-
leigh, in Burlescombe. The great excavations near the present lime-works
at South Tawton, show that they have been worked there for a great
length of time. So extensive is the use of this article in Devonshire as a
manure, that, besides the immense quantities raised in the county, there
are at least 20 kilns between Weare GifFard and the mouth of Bidetbrd
harbour for the purpose of burning lime imported from Wales, and three
or four more scattered round the bay.

Granite of the best quality, which has of late been brought much into
use for bridges and other public works, may be obtained in any quantities
from the Dartmoor rocks ; but on account of the difficulties of carriage, it
has never till of late been thought of as an article of commerce. A rail-
road is now making to convey granite from Dartmoor to Plymouth ; and a
rail-road has been completed by Mr. Templer, which conveys this article
from his quarries at Heytor to the Stover canal. The Heytor granite is
said to be equal in quality to that of Aberdeen, and has great comparative
advantages in the facility of carriage. The concern is in its infancy, but
a considerable quantity has already been exported from Teignmouth ; 150
men are now working the quarries, and it is expected that double that
number will soon be employed.

There are quarries of good building-stone at Flitton, in North Molton,
in Ashwater, Lew Trenchard, &c. ; at Great Cocktree, in South Tawton,
and at Beer on the south coast. That of the latter quarry exactly re-
sembles the fine stone at Toternhoe, in Bedfordshire. A considerable
quantity of it is dug and sent coastwise. It was used for the inside work
of Exeter cathedral. The clay-porphyry, which occurs in detached

rocks

ccxciv DEVONSHIRE.

rocks on Roborough down, near Plymouth, is said by Marshall to have
been used formerly for the Gothic ornaments of most of the churches in the
west of Devon, and the neighbouring parts of Cornwall. v

The alabaster which is found in the cliffs from Beer to Salcombe, Brans-
combe, and Sidmouth, makes good plaster of Paris ; but it is in small
quantities, and, I am informed, is now collected by a labouring man,
who scarcely makes a livelihood by it.

The principal slate-quarries in Devonshire are near Ivybridge ; Cann
quarry, about five miles from Plymouth, Lamerton, Lew Trenchard,
Wellington (an insulated district of the north of Cornwall), Mill hill, and
other places near Tavistock ; West Alvington, and Buckland Toussaints.
Before the Dutch war, in 3781, great quantities of slate were exported
from the Buckland quarries to Holland. This trade has not since revived.
A branch of the Tavistock canal has been carried to the Millhill slate-
quarries. The slate from this neighbourhood is exported to Guernsey
and Jersey, and has been sent to France, but not of late years. The
quantity of slate sent from the quarry has indeed altogether much dimi-
nished.

The soft sandstone on the side of Blackdown, within the parishes of
Peahembury, Broad Hembury, and Kentisbeare, is worked on the spot,
whilst wet, into whetstones : they are made also on the east side of Haldon,
in the parish of Kenne. The greater part of the whetstones, which are
sold by the name of Devonshire batts, are sent to Bridgewater, and thence
by water to Bristol, Gloucester, Worcester, &c. &c. Some are exported
from Topsham to London.

Westcote mentions the magnets of South Brent as famous in his time,
and Chappie speaks of them among the commodities of Devon : but they
have long ceased to be considered as such.

After having spoken at large of the commodities of the land, something
should be said of the produce of the rivers and the coast. The most
important fishery of the rivers was that of salmon, which has of late years
much declined in this, as well as in other counties, in consequence of
the fish having been destroyed in the spawning season. Salmons are the
produce of all the principal rivers : those of the Exe and Dart are said to
be most esteemed. Salmon-peal is found in the Tavy, the Tamar, the
Otter, the Dart, the Anne, and the Mole. Trout abound in almost all the

» Rural Economy of the West of England, I. 18.

principal

DEVONSHIRE. ccxcv

principal rivers. The lamprey is found in the Exe and the Mole, but has
not the same repute as the lamprey of the Severn.

The herring-fishery on the north coast of Devon, though never to be
spoken of as of much importance, compared with the fisheries of Scotland,
was formerly much more considerable than it has been of late years, and
consituted a chief source of employment for the poorer classes of Clovelly,
Lymouth, &c. Both white and red herrings were then cured at Ilfra-
combe™ for exportation, and great numbers of both sorts were sent to
Bristol. For some years past the herrings have not been so abundant on
this coast. During the last year, the fishery promised to be more success-
ful ; but the exposed situation of the coast is most unfavourable to the
fishermen, and the storms which happened in the month of October last
afforded a melancholy instance x of its insecurity. There is a small herring-
fishery at Teignmouth : considerable numbers are taken during the winter
season in set-nets.

There has been for some years an extensive pilchard-fishery at Burr-
island in Bigbury bay. Large quantities were taken here, and at two adjoin-
ing stations, called Clannaborough and the Warren. They are cured on
the spotw, and sold to the Cornish merchants. About four years ago, so
large a quantity was taken in the bay as produced about 7000/., but the
fishermen have not since had a successful season/ In Start bay there is also
a pilchard fishery, but not on so extensive a scale : there are also about
300,000 pilchards taken annually, on an average, by drift-net boats from
Dartmouth and Brixham. There was formerly a pilchard-fishery at Teign-
mouth.

Pilchards taken on the Cornish coast are cured at Plymouth, and ex-
ported from thence. Sidmouth is spoken of by Leland as one of the
fishing towns of the county, but there is now scarcely any fishing carried
on there. Westcote. speaks of the fishing-trade at Plymouth as having
been carried on in his time to a great extent ; and says that very often
100 sail of fishing-vessels, and sometimes double that number, were to be
seen in the harbour. There are now about 40 trawlers belonging to this

"' It is probable that fish have been cured on the Devonshire coast from a very early
period. Numerous salt-works near the coast are mentioned in the record of Domesday.
About the middle of the last century, a brine for curing fish was made at Bideford, from rock-
salt dissolved in sea-water, which they call salt upon salt.

* See the Appendix.

1 From the information of Walter Frideaux, Esq., of Kingsbridge.

port,

ccxcvi DEVONSHIRE.

port, which supply Plymouth with fish, besides what is sent from thence to
the Bath market.

Teignmouth has a considerable fishery for whitings, mackerel, soles,
turbot, &c. ; but the great fishery of the western part of England is
now in Torbay. The number of decked fishing-smacks belonging to
Brixham is 89 ; that of open fishing boats 60 ; the number of men and
boys employed in the fishery about 54-0. The number of tons weekly
brought to market, is, on an average, 120 ; the annual quantity 6240
tons. The fish taken are chiefly turbots, soles, whiting, mackerel, &c.
The Bath and Exeter markets are supplied from this fishery, and great
quantities are sent by sea to Portsmouth, whence they are conveyed by
land-carriage to London.

At Star-cross are oyster-beds, to which the oysters are brought from
the Teign* from Weymouth, Pool, Saltash, &c, and having been fed
for awhile in these beds, are sent to the Exeter market. The young
oysters from the Teign are sent to he fed also in the Thames for the
London market.

The port of Bideford had formerly a great concern in the Newfoundland
trade, as is stated more at large in the account of that town. Topsham
had also a considerable share of the trade. At present no port in Devon-
shire, except those of Dartmouth and Teignmouth, have any great share
in it, and the trade of the former has of late years much declined. In
1791, 112 ships were employed in this trade at Dartmouth; there are
now only 59. In 1820, 10,504 quintals of cod-fish, brought from New-
foundland, were shipped from this port, of which JO7S were sent coast-
wise, and 9431 to foreign ports. The same year 3326 quintals of cod-fish
were sent from the port of Exeter, which includes Teignmouth, from
which place 35 vessels sailed that year for Newfoundland. The small port
of Torquay has some concern in this trade. At Plymouth two ships only
are regularly employed in it : a few ships from this port are now employed
in the whale-fishery y; and a ship is lately gone to South Shetland for furs
and skins.

y The Hydra, of 731 tons; the Wanderer, of 4-28 tons; and the Prince of Wales, of 265
tons ; have each made a successful voyage to the South Seas : the Prince of Wales is gone
out on a second. The Countess of Morley is returned from a second successful voyage ; the
first having cleared sufficient for the outfit of the second.

Trade

DEVONSHIRE.

CCXCVll

Trade of the Principal Ports of Devon.

Axmouth

Barnstaple

Bideford

Brixham

Comb Martin

Dartmouth

Exeter
Hartland
Ilfracombe
Kingsbridge

Plymouth

Salcombe

Teignmouth, within
the port of Exeter

Torquay

Exports.

Timber and bark

fOak-bark to Ireland and"}
i Scotland ; and oats and >
t malt to Wales - -J
Fish in great quantities
Corn and bark

{Woollen goods, cyder, bar-
ley, (Src.

{Woollen goods, manganese,
&c.
Corn, &c. - - -

Oats, &c. - - -

Cyder, corn, and malt
' Silver, copper, tin, and lead"
ores, Antimony (from
Cornwall), manganese,
marble, granite, lime, &c.
pilchards
Corn, cyder, &c.

f Granite, pipe and potters
i clay, manganese, timber,
(, bark, cyder, fish, &c.

Imports.

!Just opened for coasting vessels,
which bring in a good deal of
culm for the neighbouring lime-
works.
{Coals and culm from Wales, mer-
chandize from Bristol.

Limestone, coals, and culm.

Coals, culm, &c.
Limestone and coals.
["Dried fish from Newfoundland ;
1 coals and other merchandize in
(_ coasting vessels.
Wine, hemp, tallow, coals, gro-
ceries, &c.
Limestone and coals,
f Coals, groceries, &c, in coasting
\ vessels.
Coals from Sunderland, &c.

Corn, coals, &c. &c.

Coals, &c. &c.

/Now the chief port in Devon for
the Newfoundland trade : the
other imports are coals, culm,
[^ deals, iron, groceries, &c.

!Has some portion of the New-
foundland trade, and imports
coals, culm, &c, in coasting ves-
sels.

Barnstaple was formerly the chief port for the importation of wool from
America and Ireland. This trade, as far as relates to America, ceased
with the American war, and no wool is imported at Barnstaple now from
Ireland. From the £era of the discovery of Virginia, Bideford, in con-
sequence of its connection with its discoverer, Sir Richard Grenville,
became the chief port for the importation of tobacco; and till the middle

Vol. VI. p p of

ccxcviii DEVONSHIRE.

of the last century it imported more than any port in the kingdom except
London. It had also a great trade to Newfoundland, having sent out
more ships thither in the year 1699 than any port in the kingdom,
except London and Topsham. Exeter established a trade with Africa in
the reign of Queen Elizabeth, from whom the merchants of that city had
a charter of monopoly * in that trade during a certain period.

Manufactures.

The principal manufacture of this county has, from an early period,
been that of woollen cloth. I do not find any mention of fulling-mills in
Devonshire in the Domesday survey ; but from the mention of them in
records of the reign of Edward I. it is evident that cloth was then made
at Exeter and Chudleigh. It appears, nevertheless, from the Hundred
Rolls, that the Dartmoor wool was at that time exported.

King Edward III. forbade the exportation of wool, and gave great en-
couragement to weavers and cloth-makers from foreign parts \ who in his
reign came to London, and afterwards settled in other parts of the king-
dom. John Kempe, a foreigner, is said to have established the clothing-
trade at Taunton in this reign, but we have no evidence that any of them
settled in Devonshire.

It appears that cloths called Raies, or dozens of the colour of ray, were
made in the west in the reign of Henry IV., but the counties are not
specified in the statute of 1409. In the beginning of Edward the Fourth's
reign (1463) the inhabitants of the hundreds of Lifton, Roborough, and
Tavistock, petitioned parliament to be exempted from the operation of an
act which prohibited the using of flocks in the manufacture of woollen
cloths ; stating that they had been acccustomed to use such mixtures from
time immemorial, and that the cloth made by them could not be otherwise
manufactured on account of " the stobernesse of the wool," it being
made solely of wool grown in those three hundreds ; and they state, that
if the act should be enforced, they should be impoverished, and utterly
destroyed. An exemption was in consequence allowed them, and it is
recognised in all subsequent acts. In a statute of 1511, these cloths are

* Printed in Hakluyt's Voyages, edit. 1599, vol.ii. pt. 2. p. 123.
i Rot. Pat. 26 Edw. III. pt. i. m. 21.

exempted

DEVONSHIRE. ccxcix

exempted by the name of Tostocks : in a statute of 1534, they are called
Tavestocks, or western dozens.

It appears that there was another species of coarse cloth, nearly similar,
called " white plain streits, or streights," and " white pinn'd streights,"
to which the same exemption was allowed. They are spoken of in the
statutes of 1513, 1553, and 1585. It the statute of 1553, they are de-
scribed to be of the nature of Tavestock cloths. It appears that they were
made of the refuse of coarse wools, flocks, lambs' wools, and hairy wools ;
that they were exported by the Devonshire merchants to Brittany, and
bartered for dowlas, lockeram, and canvass. The statutes above mentioned
prescribe their measure and weight.

Westcote, writing in the early part of the seventeenth century, says,
that before the reign of Edward IV. only frizes and plain coarse cloths
were made in Devonshire ; and that one Anthony Bonvise, an Italian, in
that reign, is said to have taught the art of making carsies (kerseys), and
the women to spin with the distaff. " For the karsies," says he, " at
first, they only used Devon wool, which is more than any stranger travelling
the county would suppose, since, except in Dartmoor, Exmoor, and such
open grounds, the sheep are hidden by the high-grown hedges of the en-
closures. Now they work Cornish and Dorset wools, and from other parts
of the kingdom, and from London sent weekly, (though, by the new
measure, 150 miles distant,) Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, Warwick-
shire, Wales, and Ireland, all which is here wrought into cloths or stuffs,
wherein most towns have appropriated to themselves a several or peculiar
kind.

" The late made stuff of serges or perpetnanoes is now in great use and
request with us, wherewith the market of Exeter is abundantly furnished
of all sorts and prizes, fine, coarse, broad, narrow, so that the number
will scarcely be credited. Tyverton hath also such store of karsies as
(the neighbourhood of other markets consider'd) will not be believed.
Crediton yields many of the fynest sort of karsies, for which, and for fine
spinning, it hath the pre-eminence. z Totness, and some other places near
it, hath besides this a sort of coarse cloth which they call Pynn whites,

1 In another place, he says that it became a proverb as fine as Kerton (Crediton) spinning.
" It is very true," he adds, " that 140 threads of woollen yarne, spun in that town, were drawn
through the eye of a taylor's needle, which needle and threads were for many years together
to be seen in Watling Street, in the shop of one Mr. Dunscombe, at the sign of the Golden
Bottle."

p p 2 not

ccc DEVONSHIRE.

not elsewhere made. Barnstaple and Torrington furnish us bayes, single
and double, and fryzadoes, and such like ; and Pilton adjoining, vents
cottons a and lyninge, so coarse a stuffe as there was a vce (a woe) pro-
nounced against them in these words : — ' Woe unto you, ye Piltonians,
that make cloth without wool.'

" At Tavystock there is also a good market for cloth, and for other com-
modities of the like nature, without any great difference. Ottery St. Mary,
and dyvers other places, hath mixed color'd karsies, Culmton, karsie stock-
ings. This might be enlarged with other pretty commodities belonging to
other towns, besydes the generality of knytting stockings and spinninge of
worsted thread for women's workinge in every towne." b

It appears, that the Devonshire kersies had acquired celebrity, and were
an important article of commerce to the Levant in the early part of the
sixteenth century. Fine kersies, of divers colours, coarse kersies, and white
western dozens, were sent in English ships to Chio, and other ports in the
Levant, from the year 1511 to 1534, by Sir John Gresham, Sir William
Bowyer, and other London merchants, as we have it on the authority of
Hakluyt. c Each ship that sailed to those ports took from 6000 to 8000
kersies. d Thev were bartered to considerable advantage for commodities
of the country, which bore a good price in England. Caspar Campion, an
English merchant residing in Chio, writing in 15G9, when the trade had
been some time in the hands of the Venetians, strongly recommends the
revival of a direct trade with this country. e A statute of the year 1552,
regulates the weight and measure of the Devonshire kersies. By an order
of council, in the year 1587, it appears they were prized at from 185. to 3/.f

The statute of 1593 speaks of the Devonshire kersies as having been
formerly in great request, and of great prize and estimation, both at home
and in foreign nations and countries; but then grown into discredit in con-
sequence of the frauds of the manufacturers, which it was the object of
that statute to reform by the enactment of heavy penalties. In conse-
quence of complaints from the States of Holland, it appears, that a royal

a This was a species of the coarsest woollen cloth, similar to what was made in Wales, and,
so early as the year 1575, called Welsh cottons. See Rees's Cyclopaedia, article Cotton.
b MS. Survey, in the British Museum.

c Hackluyt's Voyage, vol. ii. p. 96., or p. 206. of the new edition.

d Ibid. p. 116. or 230. of the new edition. ' Ibid. p. 127. or 229. of the new edition.

' See Hutchins's Dorsetshire, vol. iv. p. 186.

proclamation

DEVONSHIRE. ccci

proclamation had already been issued, which that statute was intended
more strictly to enforce. i

Westcote, speaking of the progress of the woollen manufactures, ob- I ,
serves, " The gentleman, farmer, or husbandman, sends his wool to the
market, which is bought either by the comber or spinster ; and they the
next week bring it again in yarn, which the weavers buy, and the market
following bringe it thither again in cloth, when it is sold either to the
clothier, (who sends it to London,) or to the marchant, who (after it hath
passed the fuller's mill, and sometimes the dyer's vat) transports it. The
large quantity whereof cannot be well judged at, but is best known to the (
custom book, whereunto it yieldeth no small commodity, and this is con-
tinued all the year through."

The market for wool and cloths, which had long been at Crediton, was
removed to Exeter in 1538. The great increase of the woollen manufac-
ture, spoken of by Westcote, in the early part of the seventeenth century,
was occasioned by the revival or extension of the sale of English cloths in
Italy, Turkey, and the Levant. Moryson, who was in Turkey in 1596,
speaks of kersies. and tin as our chief articles of commerce with Turkey. B
The trade experienced a still further increase towards the latter part of
the seventeenth century, and was then at its greatest height.

Brice, who published his " Topographical Dictionary" in 1759, speaks
of the clothing trade as then somewhat declined ; but says, that the
ordinary weekly sale at Exeter on a Friday was 10,000/. worth ; and that
Exeter was esteemed the greatest wool market in England, next to Leeds.
I have been assured, that about the year 1768 the exports of woollen
cloths were above a million in value annually. The trade suffered con-
siderably during the American war, but after the peace in some measure
recovered itself; and the extension of exportation to the East Indies, which
took place soon afterwards, caused it to equal its former amount. In 1789,
the East India trade being then increasing, 121,000 pieces were bought by
the Company. These were of the sort of serges" called Sandfords, except

s Itinerary, part iii. p. 127.

h The difference between kerseys and serges is, that the chain of the serge is made of
worsted, and that of the kersey of the same as the shute or warp, only more twisted. It is a
mistaken definition of the kersey given in " Rees's Cyclopaedia," that kerseys are a kind of
coarse woollen cloth : they were made of various degrees of fineness, and some of them, accord-
ing to Westcote's account, were remarkably fine. The serges are of various descriptions: the
sort now chiefly manufactured for the East India Company is called long ells.

600

cccii DEVONSHIRE.

600 pieces of broads, made at Crediton : the other serges were made
mostly at Ashburton, Tavistock, Modbury, North Tawton, and Newton
Bushell. From 1795 to 1805, the Company purchased from 250,000 to
300,000 pieces annually. After this, their purchases began to decline to
about 200,000 pieces. After the renewal of the charter, in 1813, their
demand declined still farther ; and their present purchases do not exceed
150,000 pieces annually.

During the last war, the woollen trade sustained a most serious injury in
its foreign consumption, from which it has only partially recovered. Not-
withstanding the reduced scale of their purchases, more than two-thirds
of the woollen cloths now made in the county are for the East India
Company.

The principal manufacturing towns are now Exeter, Crediton, Collump-
ton, Ashburton, and South Molton. At Tiverton, which was one of the
earliest and the principal seat of the clothing manufacture, and at which
town, so lately as the year 1790, it is said, that there were 1000 looms at
work, there is now scarcely any woollen trade. At Newton Bushell, Chud-
leigh, Bampton, Oakhampton, Hatherleigh, Bideford, Sampford Peverell,
Torrington, Moreton Hampstead, Culmstock, Uffculme, and Ottery, they
have ceased to manufacture. At Bideford, about 150 serges are made
yearly. At Honiton, there is only one serge-maker.

The Crediton manufactures, which were upon a most extensive scale,
declined after the great fire of 1743 : before that period, 1400 or 1500
pieces of serge were made there weekly. They now make from 800 to
1000 pieces.

Before the late war, Exeter, and the towns of Crediton, Collumpton, and
South Molton, with the populous villages of North Tawton and Bishop's
Morchard, were principally employed in manufacturing coarse woollens for
Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Germany. The long continuance of war, from
time to time, lessened the demand for these foreign markets, which for a
while wholly ceased, and these places only shared with others the orders of
the East India Company, for long ells, &c. Since the return of peace,
they have supplied the diminished demands of the above-mentioned foreign
markets. The diminished manufactures of Exeter are chiefly of plushes
and estameans ' , for the Spanish market.

1 The article of this name is kersey wove, not quite so clothy as a kerseymere, nor so much
of a stuff as a shalloon : the pieces are 32 yards in length, and three quarters of a yard wide.

The

DEVONSHIRE. ccciii

The town of Collumpton, before the commencement of the war,
manufactured Dutch serges, plain and twilled druggets, sagatties, duroys,
and estameans, which were shipped at Topsham, by the merchants
of Exeter, for Holland, Germany, Spain, Portugal, and Italy. At
present, some cloths, kerseymeres, and estameans, with flannel and baize
of various qualities and descriptions, are made for the markets of Spain
and Portugal, as well as home consumption j and occasionally long ells and
other woollen goods, for the East India Company. Although the trade is
now diverted into a different channel, I am informed, that the quantity of
wool manufactured, the value of the goods, and the number of the labourers
employed, exceed that of any former period. The chief trade of Ash-
burton and South Molton consists in the manufacture of woollen goods for
the East India Company.

The secondary manufacturing towns of the present day, are Totnes,
Tavistock, Kingsbridge, Modbury, Brent, Chagford, and Barnstaple ; to
which may be added the villages of Buckfastleigh, Bishop's Morchard, and
North Tawton.

The woollen trade of Tavistock, Totnes, Kingsbridge, Modbury, Brent,
Chagford, and Buckfastleigh, consists chiefly of long ells for the East
India Company. The largest factory of this article is that of Mr. Berry,
of Chagford. At the height of the clothing trade, in the reign of Charles II.,
there was a wool market established at Totnes, and another at Ashburton.
The trade of Modbury and Kingsbridge is much declined : some years ago,
about 300 pieces of serge were made weekly at Modbury, and about 400
(but not at the same time) at Kingsbridge, for the trade of the two towns
has fluctuated. About 100 pieces only are now made weekly at Kings-
bridge, and about double that quantity at Modbury. Flustrings, army-
cloths, and blanketings, are made also at Kingsbridge : the former are
chiefly for home consumption and for Newfoundland.

At Barnstaple, the baize-making, for which it was celebrated in West-
cote's time, and which continued so considerable till nearly the end of the
last century, that, before the American war, there were 20 baize-makers in
the town, is now so reduced, that there is only one, who exports his goods \
to America, Newfoundland, Spain, and Portugal. Coarse serges also are
made at Barnstaple for the American trade.

The general state of the woollen trade, as compared with that of its
greatest prosperity, may be judged from the entries at the custom-house

ccciv DEVONSHIRE.

at Exeter, from which city the great bulk of woollen goods manufactured
in the county is exported. I am informed, that, even from Kings-
bridge, a great part of the manufactured goods is sent by waggons to
Exeter, and shipped from that port. The years I768 and 1787 are
considered to have been the periods of the height of the prosperity of
the woollen trade. In I768, 330,414 pieces of cloth were exported from
Exeter; in 1787, 295,311 pieces; in the year 1820, the number was

127,459. k

The chief trade now for woollens is that of the East India. Company,
although, as before mentioned, on a reduced scale; and a partial recovery of
the foreign markets, particularly those of Spain and Portugal. The high price
of English wool, and the fluctuating state of the market since the peace,
have operated to prevent a more extensive revival of the foreign trade ;
but some of the most intelligent manufacturers express a hope, that, with
the continuance of peace, the foreign markets may be revived to a greater
extent, either for the old articles, or others suited to the altered taste and
habits of the consumers. Besides the trade of the East India Company,
long ells are purchased for the private trade of India, and have been in-
troduced into China by American and other foreign vessels.

At some of the towns in which the clothing trade has been discontinued,
the manufacturing labourers are employed in preparing materials for the
manufactures of other towns. The poor of Culmstock and UfFculme
are employed in a factory lately erected at Culmstock for preparing
materials for the long ells manufactured at Wellington. Those of More-
ton Hampstead are employed in the manufacture of long ells at Chagford.
At Ottery, where a few woollen goods are still woven, is a large factory
for spinning the yarn used for manufacturing serges, which yarn is sent to
the Exeter market.

In Westcote's time, fine flax thread was spun at Axminster ; and he
observes, that Comb Martin supplied the whole county with shoemakers'
thread, made from hemp there grown. Both these have been discontinued ;
but there is a considerable manufactory of linen thread at Tukenhayes, in
Ashprington. The celebrated carpet-manufacture at Axminster is still
flourishing : it was established in the year 1755. '

t This information has been obligingly communicated by the Collector of the Customs.
1 See the account of Axminster, p. 21.

The

DEVONSHIRE. cccv

The manufacture of bone or thread lace at Honiton, made with fine
thread imported from Antwerp m, was introduced probably in the reign of
Queen Elizabeth. Westcote does not speak of it as a new thing. " Here,"
says he, speaking of Honiton, " is made abundance of bone-lace, a pretty
toye, now greatly in request." He speaks of it as made also at Brad-
ninch. A small quantity is still made there : the manufacture at Honiton,
which not many years ago was very flourishing, is now much on the
decline. A large manufactory of Nottinghamshire lace was established at
Tiverton in 1815, as a means of providing for the numerous labourers whose
employment had ceased on the removal of the clothing manufacture.
The lace manufacture is still flourishing. A lace manufacture at Raleigh,
in the parish of Pilton, near Barnstaple, is about to be immediately esta-
blished on an extensive scale, and numerous cottages are now building
near the spot for the manufacturers. A manufacture of gloves, upon an
extensive scale, has found employment for the labouring classes of Torring-
ton since the removal of the woollen manufactures. At Fordton, near
Crediton, the extensive buildings formerly occupied by the woollen manu-
facture of Messrs. Davy, dowlas, and other coarse linens, are now made.

At Bradninch are three paper-mills : those of Mr. John Dewdney, at
Heale Paine, in this parish, which were destroyed by fire in the summer
of 1821, are now rebuilding, on an extensive scale, for the manufacture
of all kinds of writing paper.

A manufacture of porcelain was carried on for a short time at Plymouth,
by Mr. William Cookworthy, who settled there in 1733, and first dis-
covered the materials requisite for its composition : it was at first unsuc-
cessful, and after a little while was removed to Bristol, and afterwards to
Worcester, where, in consequence of various subsequent improvements
and discoveries, it attained great celebrity, and still flourishes.

A manufacture of an inferior sort of white ware, for common purposes,
was established at Indio, in Bovey Tracey, in 177^ : of late years blue and
white ware has been made here ; and within' these ten years another
manufactory has been established on Bovey Heathfield, adjoining to the
pits, the coal from which is used for the works. There are potteries of
brown ware at Bideford and Barnstaple. At Tavistock is an iron-foundery
and an edge-tool manufactory. At Plymouth are manufactories of sail-

m See more particulars under the account of Honiton, p. 281.
Vol. VI. q q cloth,

cccvi DEVONSHIRE.

cloth, soap, and Roman cement. Great quantities of shoes, made at
Ashburton, Kingsbridge, and Dartmouth, are sent to Newfoundland.

The whetstones, already spoken of, are manufactured by being cut
into the proper shape on the spot, whilst the soft stone of which they
are made is wet.

Antiquities.
British and Roman-British Antiquities.

Circular Enclosures. — Grimspound, as it is called, is situated in the
parish of Manaton, about three miles from that village, among the moors,
and under a lofty tract of moorland, called Hamilton, or Hameldown. It
consists of a circular enclosure of about three acres, surrounded by a low
vallum of loose stones, some of which are very large, being the remains of
a wall. There are two entrances opposite to each other, directly north and
south ; at these points the wall, which appears to have been about 12
feet high, were the thickest. Within the enclosure are numerous small
circles of stone, in general about 12 feet in diameter ; the greater part
are near the south side of the enclosure. n Various conjectures have
been formed respecting this remarkable remnant of antiquity : some have
supposed it a place of religious worship, others the remains of a British
town, and connected with the ancient tin-works, the vestiges of which
are visible near the spot.

Small circular enclosures are found on the moor between Cawsand hill
and Gidleigh, formed by low stone walls ; they occur also on many
other parts of Dartmoor, sometimes in considerable groupes. There
are some also on Holwell Down, near Widdecombe-in-the-Moor. °

At Nightacott, in the parish of Bratton Fleming, are six upright stones,
which appear to be the remains of a circle similar to that at Boscawen-un,
near the Land's End. p

u This account is taken from notes made by my brother, who visited it in 1807, and others
taken by the Rev. J. P. Jones, which I found, in the chief particulars, to correspond.
0 From the information of Mr. Jones,
v From the information of Mr. Jones.

Sepulchral

DEVONSHIRE. cccvii

Sepulchral Stones. — Risdon speaks of some circular stones on Maddock's
Down q, more than the height of a man ; but Westcote, who, in his
manuscript, gives a rough sketch of them, describes two great upright stones,
147 feet apart, of unequal size ; the larger nine feet and a half, and the
smaller five feet and a half in height ; and placed parallel with these, in
a row, at the distance of 66 feet, 23 smaller stones of various shapes.
The two large stones only remain, and are now in an enclosed field ; the
smaller one of these has been thrown down. The larger stone is a block
of quartz. It appears, by a letter from Mr. Badcock, quoted by Mr. Pol-
whele, that the smaller ones have been long covered over with turf. The
stones are doubtless sepulchral, and are supposed by tradition to comme-
morate some great battle fought on the down, in which Maddock, or
Madoc, one of the contending chiefs, is said to have been slain. There
is a sepulchral stone, called Maen Maddock, in South Wales, in the cross
road leading over the mountains from Brecknock to Neath. '

The cromlech at Drewe's Teignton, of which much has been said and
written, has been supposed by some to have been the sepulchre of an
arch-druid : that it was sepulchral there is little doubt ; and from the
rarity of such monuments, it is most probable that it was for some eminent
person ; but there is no more reason for supposing that it had any thing
to do with druidism, than that the name of Drewe's Teignton was derived
from that source. s This cromlech is on a tenement called Shilston. It is
of moor-stone, about 12 feet in length, and about nine feet wide in the
widest part. The supporting stones are from six feet to six feet and a half
to the under part of the covering stone.

i On the Northcote estate, in the parish of East Downe.

r Archaeologia, vol.iv. p. 8.

s See " Cornwall," General History, p. clxxxii. clxxxiv. and ccxvii., on the subject of
Logan stones and rock basins, and p. 493. of this volume, as to the name of Drewe's
Teignton ; to which may be added, that there is no authority whatever for the place having
been so called before the time of Drewe de Teignton. The natural excavations called Rock
basins, occur in numerous places on the granite rocks of Dartmoor, &c. The most cele-
brated Logan stone in Devon is that on the banks of the Teign, in the parish of Drewe's
Teignton ; but I am informed that the motion is now scarcely perceptible. A natural pile of
rocks in the parish of Manaton, called Bowerman's Nose, somewhat resembling the Cheese-
wring near Alternon, in Cornwall, has, by some enthusiasts in druidism, been supposed to
have been a rock-idol.

q q 2 The

CCCV111

DEVONSHIRE.

The sketch beneath is from an accurate drawing, made by my brother,
in 1807.

On the opposite page are representations of three ancient inscribed
stones, from drawings made by my brother. Mr. Polwhele mentions
another in Yealmton church-yard, of which I have no note, with the word
Toreus inscribed on it.

No. 1. is at Buckland Monachorum, at the corner of a blacksmith's
shop ; it is seven feet two inches in height, fourteen inches wide at the
top, and one foot six inches in the widest part.

No. 2. now forms a sill under the door of Lustleigh church. It is four
feet in length, and 14 inches wide.

No. 3. is at Tavistock, on the site of the abbey. It stands seven feet
above the ground, is 11 inches thick, and 21 wide.

Numerous tumuli, or barrows, occur in various parts of the county, on
Haldon and other downs, particularly in the north of Devon. Many of
them are of stone, which are sometimes called kairns : a few of those on
Haldon have been opened ; urns were found in them ', and in one some
Roman coins ; fragments of urns were found in one that was opened in
the parish of Moreton, and Roman coins, &c. in one in East Worlington.

• The great tumulus on the highest part of the east side of Haldon, '200 feet in circumfer-
ence, and about 10 feet high, which is a conspicuous object from a great distance, was opened
in 1780 by Mr. Tripe, and was found to contain, within a stone cell, an inverted urn, contain-
ing the burnt bones of a small size and ashes.

Crosses.

DEVONSHIRE.

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Crosses. — The most remarkable ancient cross in the county is that at
Copleston, in the parish of Colebrooke. It is a pillar about twelve feet in
height, and about two feet square at the base, but declines a little in size
as it ascends ; at the top is a square hole, in which a cross is supposed to

have

cccx DEVONSHIRE.

have been mortised. The sides are rudely ornamented with saltier-shaped
crosses, &c. ; on one side, near the top, is a niche, from which a figure
appears to have been removed. At Lustleigh, in a lane near the church
is a block of granite, about five feet in height, called the Bishop's Stone,
which appears to have been the base of a cross : the sides have been
worked into a regular shape, and on one of them may be traced the form
of a coat of arms. In an enclosed field, on a farm called Stone, in the
parish of East Worlington, is a square stone, about six feet five inches in
height above the ground, into which it is sunk nearly to the same depth.
At the top, on each side, is a cross.

Celts. — Mr. Polwhele makes mention of celts, most of them brass,
found singly in the parishes of Chudleigh, Ilsington, and Buckfastleigh,
and one north of Barnstaple. The Rev. Mr. Carrington found several in
some kairns between Bridford and Christow ; George Drake, Esq., of
Ipplepen, has one of copper, found in the year 1820, in a wood belonging
to him in that parish.

Roman Antiquities.

Considering that there are some undoubted Roman stations in this
county, very few antiquities of that nation, and those not of great import-
ance, have been discovered in it. It appears, from " Stukely's Itinerary,"
that a Roman tesselated pavement was found in Exeter, in Pancras-lane,
behind the Guildhall, at the depth of eight feet. Some small remains of a
tesselated pavement, and a few Roman medals, were found in 1777> hi
digging the foundation of Mr. Dennis's house in the High-street : and in
1778, some Roman Penates, in bronze, were discovered in digging a cellar
under the house of Mr. Upham, in the same street, at the corner of Broad-
gate ; two of them evidently meant to represent Mercury. r The female bust
and the Roman altars, placed in the front of the house lately the property
and residence of Richard Eales, Esq., were not found in Exeter, but were
placed there by the learned Dr. Musgrave, who procured them from Bath,
as appears by a passage in his Belgium Britannicum, where there is an
engraving of the bust. An antique lar of iron was found near Hembury
fort, in 1801. u

Westcote says, that a pot of gold and silver Roman coins was found in

• See Archaeologia, vol. vi. p. 1., where there is an engraving of the Penates.
11 Figured in pi. lv. of vol. xiv. of the Archaeologia, 1. and 2.

Exeter,

DEVONSHIRE. cccxi

Exeter, near the castle ; and others not far from the same spot, with a fair
ring, which had a beautiful stone, representing Cleopatra with the asp.
Thirty of the coins came into Westcote's possession : the latest was one of
Antoninus Pius. In 1721, a pot of Roman coins was found near St.
Martin's church : they were of Balbinus, Philippus, Julia Maesa, &c. w
Some Roman coins were found in the camp on Berry-head, about the year
1730 ; among others, one of the Emperor Claudius, with the figure of
Victory on the reverse. Chappie says, that, in 1774*, some Roman coins
were found in an earthen vessel in St. Catherine's lane when some houses
were rebuilt ; one of Augustus Caesar was in fine preservation : the same
year, a fine medal of Domitian, in silver, was found by the workmen dig-
ging the foundation of the new hall, on the site of the castle. Mr. Chappie
says, that, in 1774, Mr. George Baker showed him coins of Domitian,
Trajan, Vespasian, Probus, and Valentinian, all found in or near Exeter.
In 1779, coins of Vespasian, Probus, Carinus, &c, were found in altering
a house for the Methodists' meeting.

Mr. Chappie speaks of a lachrymatory and Roman coins found near
Seaton, supposed to have been the Moriodunum of the Iters. Some
tumuli having been opened on Haldon, in 1793, three urns were found
under a bed of flint, filled with ashes and bones ; several Roman
coins were found in these tumuli. In 1816, a labourer, digging for stone
in the great barrow on the western side of Haldon, found several Roman
coins of the later empire, which are in the possession of the Rev. John
Templer. Some silver Roman coins were found about 1 813, by some labourers
repairing a hedge in the parish of Bishop's Morchard ; four of these, two of
Vespasian, one of Nerva, and one of Trajan, are in the possession of John
Sillifant, Esq., of Combe. Roman coins have been found in a barrow, in
the parish of East Worlington.

On excavating the ground, for the purpose of taking down and rebuild-
ing Teignbridge, in 1815, the timbers of an ancient wooden bridge were
discovered ; and, underneath, the piers of another bridge of white ashler,
apparently of Roman work. It appears, from the mention of it in the
Domesday survey, that Teignbridge had given name to the hundred from
a remote period. The remains of two ancient highways, the lower one of
which was paved, were found under the channel of the temporary river. x

" Mentioned in the collections of Mr. Chappie, who supposes them to have been in the library
at Povvderham, in 1773.

* See a paper giving an account of these discoveries, drawn up by P. J. Taylor, Esq., in the
Archa;ologia, vol. xix. p. 308 — 313.

British

cccxii DEVONSHIRE.

British and Roman Roads and Stations. v

" As it is allowed by all our writers, that the earliest trade of Britain, in
whatever articles it consisted, was seated, from local circumstances, in this
western part of the island, we may fairly conclude, that internal roads,
the constant attendants on trade, and without which, indeed, it can hardly
exist, must have been particularly numerous in Devonshire and Cornwall ;
and the fact seems to confirm this idea, for in no counties are we able to
trace, especially since the last excellent survey made by the order of
government, so many lines of communication between the places supposed
to have been British towns.

" Of these, one principal road, converted afterwards by the Romans to
their own use, passed through the whole length of Devonshire, from north-
east to south-west, in its way to the great marts of trade on the Cornish
coast. It enters the county from Dorsetshire (where it has preserved the
British name of the Ikeneld-way) a little east of Axminster, to the right
of the present turnpike-road ; then proceeds with it by Kilmington and
Shute-hill, to Dalwood-down, where it bears away from it on the left for the
sake of keeping the ridge of the hill, which it does till it "gradually de-
scends by Honiton church to the house called the Turk's Head, where it
crosses it, and runs direct to the large camp at Hembury, which was very
probably a British post on it ; from hence it ran by Lay-hill, Colstocks,
Tale-water, Tallaton-common, and Larkbeare, near Whimple, to Street-
way-head, being still known in this part of its course by the name of the
Old Taunton Road. Here the ancient trackway is lost, but it probably
continued nearly in the line of the present turnpike-road to Exeter, which
was certainly the principal town of the Damnonii, (though we may not
perhaps adopt the conjecture of Mr. Polwhele, that it is exactly delineated
on a Damnonian coin). It crossed the Exe at a ford a little below the
present bridge, which ford was the site of the ancient bridge, and ran
through St. Thomas's by the causeway, now a nursery, to the village of
Alphington, so over Haldon, leaving Ugbrooke, where there is a strong
British camp, on the right. Some way beyond this, it bore off again from
the present turnpike-road at Sandygate, and passing by King's Teignton,
crossed the Teign below Newton Abbot, by a ford still called Hacknield-
rvay ; then leaving another British camp on its left, went over Ford-com-

y Communicated by the late Bishop of Cloyne.

mon,

DEVONSHIRE. cccxiii

mon, and again joined the modern road to Totnes, which we may fairly
conclude to have been a British town, both from its being celebrated in
the tales of our old historians, not only as the spot where Ambrosius and
Uter Pendragon, but even where Brute himself landed, (and, whatever we
may think of the matter of fact, it proves the idea of these early writers as
to the traditionary antiquity of the place,) but also from the evident bend
to the east, which the line of the road makes in order to pass through it.
From hence it seems to have tended more westerly near Brent, and by an
old circular camp near Boringdon park to the first ford upon the Tamar.

" A second road, which has every appearance of being British, seems
to have run from the mouth of the Exe to the great camp at Woodbury,
which it enters at the south-west gate, and leaves by the north-east, thence
to Streetway-head, where it joins the Ikening-street, and proceeds with it
to Hembury, so over Blackdown towards Taunton, in Somersetshire.

" Another of these trackways seems to have left Exeter on the north-
west side of it, to have crossed the Exe at a ford near the Bonhay, below
the Weare, and passing through Mr. Buller's fields, where it is still visible,
continued in a straight line up Cleve-hill, close to Cleve-house, and so fell
into the line of the modern Oakhampton turnpike-road, near which it joins
another ancient road, still in good preservation, which ran from Crediton
to Exeter and Haldon. This last road is very plain and straight, but
keeps the hills as much as possible, seeming to have been once the great
communication between Exeter, Crediton, Chulmleigh, and the whole
north-west part of the county.

" A more decided road, which was afterwards used by the Romans,
seems to have gone from Exeter to Molland Bottreaux, which there is
much reason to conclude was also a British town : it is plain in the parish
of Woolfardisworthy, in. a line between the two, where is Berry castle, a
circular fortification, and from hence through Witheridge and near Knowe-
stone, directly in a line for Molland.

" From Seaton a road is said to run between Yerbury and the parish of
Farway, to the camp at Hembury, before mentioned ; thence by Collump-
ton and Bampton, leaving Dulverton a little on its right, and proceeding
by the Ansteys to Molland.

" These roads, and many others, the traces of which have perished, or
are too obscure to be spoken of with any certainty, were, probably, in ex-
istence long before the Roman invasion ; and the conquerors adopted such
of them as were most convenient for their own purposes, raising their crest
Vol. VI. f r always,

cccxiv DEVONSHIRE.

always, and altering their line in some instances, according to their usual
practice. There is, however, a local circumstance which renders it more
difficult to trace these roads in Devonshire than in any other part of Eng-
land, for the country is not only in the lower parts of it deeply enclosed,
but the enclosures are formed by banks of such a height and thickness, as
is unknown in the more northern districts ; and in order to construct them,
the elevated crest of the Roman road, which was near at hand, has almost
in every instance fallen a sacrifice. That the principal Roman Way, how-
ever, was in the course of the British Ikeneld, we have the most evident
proofs. It entered the county with it at Axminster, and, probably, pro-
ceeded with it towards Honiton, where the British Way, still bearing the
name of Street, seems to have run north towards Hembury, and the Roman
one south-west along the banks of the Otter, in the line of the present
turnpike-road. Five or six miles west of Honiton, at a place called Fair
Mile, the ridge of the Roman road was, in Musgrave's time z, visible for
some distance. It bent, according to him, somewhat to the left at Honiton
Clist, entered the east gate of Exeter, went up St. David's hill to the old
ford below the bridge, and thence straight to the top of Haldon. It is
quite plain even at this day in the ascent to Haldon, on the right of the
present turnpike-road; but just beyond the road leading from Mamhead to
Sir L. Palk's crosses that road and continues on the left, being often seen
in this direction at intervals, by Newton Bushell to Totnes, where Mus-
grave describes the crest as quite perfect. Totnes was therefore, pro-
bably, the Statio ad Diirium Amnem. It is lost for some way to the
west of this town; but being again visible near Brent, goes to Ridgway
near Plympton, and thence straight for St. Budeaux, where it crossed the
ferry into Cornwall at the station of Tamara, mentioned in Richard's
sixteenth iter.

" Soon after the Ikeneld-street enters the east borders of Devonshire, it
is crossed or joined by a very distinguished Roman road, the Fosse, in its
way from Ischalis to Moridunwn. Which of these terms is most proper to
be used is indeed matter of doubt ; for the latter road is so obscure in this
part of its course, and the site of Moridunum so difficult to determine, that
our best antiquaries have doubts upon the subject ; and according as
they are led to fix this station at Hembury, or Seaton, suppose the Fosse
to fall into the Ikeneld near the first, or to cross it in its way to the second.

1 See his Belgium Britannicum, p. 75.

For

DEVONSHIRE. cccxv

For reasons which will be detailed more at large when I come to consider
the claims of these two places to a Roman origin, I am inclined to prefer
the latter, which is countenanced by the bearing of the Fosse when it is
'last seen distinctly at the back of Hinton St. George, and by the name of
the village of Street, in the direct line between that spot and Seaton. The
defenders of the contrary opinion suppose the Fosse to have inclined more
west by Chard, and to have descended into the vale of the Otter, perhaps
by Yarcombe, where a portion of a road with a high crest is said still to
exist, and thence to the camp at Hembury. It is much to be wished, that
the bearings of this Yarcombe road had been given us with more accuracy.
General Simcoe, whose active and intelligent mind comprehended the
whole military system of the Romans more fully than any gentleman of
his county, but whose employment in the important duties of the profes-
sion of which he was a distinguished ornament left him hardly any leisure
for these pursuits, was inclined to think that it was a fragment of a road
bearing from Taunton towards Seaton ; but as Roman remains of some
consequence have been lately found at Chard, it is not impossible that a
branch from the Fosse may have connected Ilchester and Exeter in this
direction, by a shorter line than that through Seaton.

" An undoubted Roman road came from the central parts of Somerset-
shire towards Exeter, under the name (which never deceives us) of the
Port-way : its high crest is particularly visible at Uffculme-common, about
three miles west of Culmstock, and five north-east of Collumpton, and of
a great breadth, running for above a mile, from South Appledore to Len-
nard-moor. It is still the turnpike-road from Taunton to Exeter, and was
undoubtedly the very road from Bath travelled in the tenth iter of Richard.

" I have little hesitation in supposing another Roman road to have run
from Exeter to Holland Bottreaux, in the line of the ancient British one.
The greatest part of it can be travelled at present ; and what makes the
idea more probable, is, that passing through the British circular camp at
Woolfardisworthy, with no apparent notice, it runs five miles farther to a
Roman camp of the same name, Berry castle, in the north-east part of
Witheridge parish, which is square, well situated on an eminence over the
Dart, commanding a view beyond Holland to the borders of Exmoor, and
the road from it pointing to HoUand itself, beyond which it continues over
Exmoor in the very line seen from Berry castle among the barrows, where
Roman coins have been found, to Countesbury, on the coast near Linton,
an undoubted Roman camp, and probably a station ; and the communica-

r r 2 tion

cccxvi DEVONSHIRE.

tion with the northern channel in this direction must have been a point of
considerable importance to Isca, whether as a British or a Roman city.

" The Romans had also a road from Exeter to Stratton, by the way
probably of Oakhampton and Holsworthy ; for in this line is Oldridge and
Bradbury, or Broadbury castle, three miles north of Bratton-Clovelly, of
an oblong form, 225 feet by 186, with a single vallum and ditch.

" There must have been some British or Roman town of great conse-
quence towards the centre of Somersetshire, perhaps Alauna, near Taunton,
and ZJjrella, supposed Bridgewater ; for besides the other roads which we
have marked as traversing Devonshire in that direction, a considerable one
is visible on the north-east borders, coming from Taunton, under the name
of the Rumansleigh, or Romansleigh ridge. It enters Devon a little north-
east of Brampton, at the village of Clayhanger, crosses the road from
Exeter to South Molton, a little beyond a house which stands at the junc-
tion of the Witheridge road ; thence near a close in East Worlington
parish, called Winchester, (in a barrow in which parish Roman coins were
found,) near also to the square camp at Berry castle ; so west-south-west
to Beacon-moor, in the parish of Chulmleigh, leaving the town about one
mile on the left, crosses the road from Chulmleigh to South Molton, near
Cadbury, an ancient camp ; thence through Elson, and crosses the Taw by
an old ford to a farm-house called Ravington, in Burrington parish ; thence
over Burrington-moor, where are many barrows, and cross the Roborough
road to Beaford-moor-head, near the direction-post in the crossway, a little
east of the house so called ; passing thence near Beaford and Wolley, it
crosses the Torridge a little above its junction with the brook that comes
from Wolley mill, it goes on to the parish of little Torrington, where it is
distinctly visible pointing to Stratton, towards which it has not been farther
traced. As in the first part of its course, near Bampton, it may have commu-
nicated with Molland, by the road through the Ansteys, or that from Berry
castle, so it is probable that, near Torrington, another road from Molland
to Stratton must have fallen into it. The beginning of such a road is
visible between Molland and South Molton ; but as to any road in Hollo-
combe parish, with which the Devon antiquaries have supposed it to be
connected, such road, if it exists, must have been part of that which I last
mentioned between Stratton and Bradbury castle, in the way from the
former station towards Exeter.

" An old road in this north part of the country is said to have run from
Molland towards Barnstaple, near which place, one mile to the north, is

Roborough,

DEVONSHIRE. cccxvii

Roborough, a large irregular camp ; this road went west of the present turn-
pike-road, in the valleys, and fell into the modern road at Landkey : from
thence it has been conjectured to proceed towards Hartland, which is by
no means unlikely, but the line has never been well examined. Stukely
supposes, that a road went from Seaton in a direct line across the country,
passing the Otter at Harpford ; but neither has this been followed by any
accurate observer. A piece of a road, as I before mentioned, is said to
exist at Yarcombe, near Otterford, in the north-east part of the county,
leading towards Honiton or Hembury, and another on the Wolborough
hills pointing to Dartmouth, but nothing more determined is known of
either.

" Having thus endeavoured to trace the Roman roads in a county, where,
from local circumstances, the attempt labours under peculiar difficulties,
we come now to fix the sites of the Roman stations ; and here also we find
the subject involved in much obscurity. The principal Roman station in
Devonshire, Isca Damnoniorum, appears, however, most decidedly, to have
been at Exeter. Tesselated pavements, coins, Roman idols, and other an-
tiquities dug up within its precincts, stones with Roman inscriptions seen
by Leland in its walls, and British as well as Roman roads proceeding from
it in every direction, seem to settle this question beyond doubt ; and
Exeter has the honour to which but few cities in the island have such clear
pretensions, of having been the capital of the British tribe, the Roman
province, and the modern county. Indeed, so strong is its claim to be con-
sidered as Roman, that Horseley, who denies it the name of Isca, allows it
in express words to be some other Roman station. The mistake of that
learned antiquary on the subject is one of the few errors in his excellent
work, and he was betrayed into this by two unlucky circumstances : first,
the imperfect state of English geography in his time, when no roads had
been measured, or the situation of towns determined with any accuracy,
and, as he himself confesses, no Roman ways known to exist farther west
than the limits of Dorsetshire ; and, in the next place, the blunder (as it is
now allowed to be) of an early transcriber of Antonine's Itinerary, who
has confounded the twelfth iter from Calleva to Isca, with that immediately
subsequent from some station in Wales, (probably St. David's,) to Urico-
nium. Being therefore without any guide at all in one case, and with a
mistaken one in the other, Horseley was led to remove Isca Damnoniorum
from Exeter, and to place it first at Ilchester, then at South Petherton,
and at last at Chiselborough. In this he has been followed only by Mr.

Strutt,

cccxviii DEVONSHIRE.

Strutt, of Essex, and Mr. Henry, of Edinburgh ; both, like himself, perfect
strangers to the county, and the latter, (an author of much merit in
another line, but little conversant in these pursuits,) professes himself to
have been determined solely by Horseley's reasons, when the only reasons
Horseley has produced a are, that he ' sees in the map a place called Chisel-
borough, which sounds like antiquity, and not very unlike Isca.' Of the
force of this reason every one must judge for himself. In fact, the mistake
in Antoninus being now evident, and the towns of Leucarwn, Nidum, and
Bomium, which the twelfth iter, in its corrupted state, would fix in the
neighbourhood of Isca Damnoniorim, being all agreed to be in Wales, near
Isca Silurum, the only reason for removing the former of these stations
from Exeter has ceased to exist.

" It seems indeed to be allowed, that the distances west of Old Sarum,
both in Antonine and Richard, (the latter having probably copied from the
former,) are very inaccurate. This however by no means affects the
situation of Exeter, which answers to the distance of Isca from Durnovaria,
viz. 51 miles in Antonine, and 53 measured, and wherever in this interval
we may choose to fix Moridunum, (respecting which the numbers are cer-
tainly erroneous,) it has nothing to do with the present enquiry. Exeter,
therefore, from its antiquities and the roads conducting to it, must be
allowed to be a Roman town, and from its near agreement with the
itinerary distance, must certainly have been Isca Damnoniorim.

" The star which misled Horseley in this instance has shed its unlucky
rays upon a still greater character, the geographer Ptolemy, in the very
same instance ; for by an evident and gross error, the latter has not only
confounded Isca Damnoniorim with Isca Silurum, but has made a third
town, Legio Secunda Augusta, out of the latter ; nor will Mr. Polwhele's
ingenious conjecture, that the second legion may have been stationed at
Exeter in Ptolemy's time, excuse the mistake of the Greek writer ; for in
stating Isca (and by its situation among the Damnonian towns he must
mean Isca Damnonioruni) as in the latitude 52° 45', and Legio Secunda
Augusta, in 52° 35', he evidently took them for two different places.

" But whatever obstacles may have thus impeded our antiquaries in
determining till lately the situation of Isca, they are trifles compared to
the difficulties which still attend our researches on that of Moridunum.
This place has been fixed by different respectable authorities at Eggardon,

a See Brit. Roro. p. 4-64.

Hembury,

DEVONSHIRE. cccxix

Hembury, and Seaton. Horseley contends for the first of these, in oppo-
sition to the numbers in the itineraries, which in these western parts are
supposed to be corrupted ; besides, however, his disagreement with Anto-
nine, (who in two different iters asserts Moridunum to be 36 miles from
Dorchester, and 15 from Exeter, when Eggardon is only nine from the
first of these towns, and 41 from the second,) it is to be observed, that
the camp at Eggardon is irregular, with no antiquities of any kind found
in or near it, looking more like a British than a Roman fortress, and more
likely to be the Dunhtm of Ptolemy, (which that geographer places among
the Durotriges,) than the Moridunum of the itineraries, if Maiden castle,
near Dorchester, had not still better pretensions to the name of Dunhtm
than either.

" Hembury has a fairer claim to be considered as Moridunum. It is
not far (about two miles and a half) from the great western road, about
14 miles from Exeter, and 35 from Dorchester. It is evidently connected
with this road, and the distances agree with those in the itineraries. Two
old roads at least, one from Somersetshire towards Exeter, and another
from Seaton, are said to meet under its ramparts. Add to this, that the
road from Seaton to it is called the Street, and close under it are Aggerdon
fields. It is objected to these plausible arguments, that the form is irre-
gular, and that few antiquities exist in its neighbourhood. I should have
said none, if my friend, Mr. Harford, had not lately dug up an iron lar,
which has every appearance of being Roman, and there is a tradition in
the neighbourhood that a coin or two have been found there.

" Seaton is supposed to have been Moridunum by Camden, Musgrave,
and Stukely. The tradition of the inhabitants is, that it was once a
great town ; and Leland observes, ( there had been a notable harbour/ of
which indeed evident marks appear at present. Stukely even speaks of
a square camp called Honeyditches, only half a mile to the west of it,
and that much wrought stone had been dug up there ; but of this fort no
traces are now to be found. One road, as I observed, called the Street,
runs from it towards Hembury, and another is said to have gone in a more
direct line to Exeter, crossing the Otter at Harpford. The Fosse road,
too, which (wherever Moridunum was) certainly led to it, points evidently
towards Seaton in the latter part of its course, though I am far from
asserting it may not have thrown off a branch towards Exeter by Chard
and Hembury. But a circumstance that weighed much on my mind,
when in company with my excellent friend, Mr. Leman, I traced this cele-
brated

cccxx D E VO N S H I R E.

brated road from the coast of Lincoln to that of Devonshire, was, that
we seldom descended into any large valley without being able to guess at
the line of the Roman way, by a tumulus, or camp, or other conspicuous
object on the brow of the opposite hill ; and when we finally lost this road,
like all our predecessors, on the Somersetshire side of the hill, called
Windwhistle, which is just on the borders of the two counties, we no
sooner ascended that eminence, than a small bay of the sea, with the land
bending in towards it on both sides, was visible in a line before us, which
once formed the entrance of the harbour, and is known by the name of
Seaton Gap. The agreement of this object to many of the same kind which
we had noted down in our careful examination of the road for near 300
miles, could not fail of making an impression in favour of Moridunum
being near Seaton. I am therefore, on the whole, inclined, though not with-
out some hesitation, to adopt the opinion of Camden on this subject. The
want of agreement indeed with the distance on both sides of the itinerary
numbers, (being only 31 or 32 from Dorchester, and at least 20 from
Exeter,) with the absence of all Roman remains", (however the latter may
be in some degree accounted for by the encroachments of the sea,) must
always lead a writer to be cautious on so obscure a point. The idea of
Dr. Mason, that a road bearing to Seaton from Somersetshire is called
Morwood's Causeway, {quasi via ad Moridunum) is too hypothetical for us
to adopt.

" The stations of Isca and Moridunum are known to be in Devonshire,
from their position in Antonine's Itinerary ; but we are indebted to that
of Richard for the information of two others. These are both mentioned
in his 16th iter ; ad Durium, and Tamara ; the first of these, was undoubt-
edly on the Dart, and Totnes, from its traditional antiquity and its situa-
tion, not only on the same river, but on a certain Roman road, seems to
me to have every claim to it. Tamara, from the name only, has been
fixed at Tatnerton, but'all we know of it is, that it lies somewhere near
the Tamar ; indeed so few Roman remains have been found at most of the
places specified in the itineraries under names of this sort, as ad Pontem,
ad Trivonam, ad Sturium amnem, &c. (ad Tisam being, I believe, the

b Mr. Chappie has a note of Roman antiquities found near Seaton, of which the Bishop
was not aware, see p. cccxi. This tends to confirm the opinion of his Lordship, that Seaton

was Moridunum.

sole

DEVONSHIRE. cccxxi

sole exception,) that it has been conjectured they may have been only
mansions, where persons were placed by the government (as we know to
have been the Roman custom) to provide horses for travellers, and more
particularly on the sides of rivers, to superintend the ferries for conveying
them and their luggage to the opposite bank. Of course, it is more diffi-
cult and less important to point out their precise situation. The names
indeed of these posts point out, in many cases, a different class of resting-
places from the towns or stations, and more nearly approaching to our
inns : thus we read in Antonine's Itinerary, ad Aquilam, ad Columnam,
ad Septem Fratres, ad Rotam, ad Palmam, and the like.

" Besides these, we are obliged to Richard for the names of two British
towns, which his map places among the Cimbri, in the north of Devon-
shire, Termolus and Artavia ; and for these we have the additional autho-
rity of the geographer Ravennas, who states, in his corrupt Latin, Termonin
and Mostevia as two towns in this part of the country, not far distant from
Isca. It will be always useful in consulting Ravennas to remember, that,
if not a Greek himself, he composed his work from a Greek map, and
that the later Greeks always disfigured names and places of foreigners,
with the arrogant carelessness of the modern French. Thus Theophanes
calls the Italian cities Verona and Brixia by the names of Beroi and
Brincas ; and Leo the Deacon corrupts Marty ropolis into the barbarous
word Myctarsim. c Termolus and Artavia therefore were certainly ancient
cities in this part of the country ; and I have no hesitation in fixing the
first of these at Molland Bottreaux, where the number of roads pointing
to it on all sides, and an encampment of an oblong figure, (200 paces by
96,) with another perfectly square, (probably a summer-camp,) about two
miles distant, still mark the site of the station : near the latter, too, is an
evident piece of a raised road.

" We cannot speak with so much confidence of Artavia : it is supposed,
from the resemblance of the name only, to have been near Hartland Point.
But besides that the British town in Richard's map seems to be much
more inland, no coins have been found, or roads traced, or fortifications
known, except Clovelly Dykes, in the neighbourhood of Hartland. I
was once of opinion that this camp was constructed by Inguar, and the
brother of Halden, when they landed in this part of the country from
Wales with 23 ships"; but, as Mr. Swete observes, the Danes had seldom

c See Gibbon, vol. vii. p. 398., and vol. x. p. 91. Svo. d See Sax. Chron.

Vol. VI. s s time

cccxxii DEVONSHIRE.

time in their plundering incursions to raise fortifications of this magnitude :
it is irregular, surrounded with three deep ditches, and more likely
to be Saxon than either Roman or British ; if the latter, it is possible it
might have been Artavia, but this possibility is all we have to produce
for it.

" Exactly on the same suspicious ground is the claim of Denbury to be
the Devionisso of Ravennas, though it is called Devenesbury in Domesday,
and lies near the British road by Newton Bushell ; or Dartmouth Clifton
Ardness to have been Ardea ; or Bampton, though it may have had warm
springs, to have been a Roman town under the name of Bathrumpton.
Stansborough has a little more right to be considered as Stone : it is circu-
lar, large, and has a number of barrows about it ; it still gives name to
the hundred, (a proof of its ancient consequence,) and the road on Wol-
borough hills may probably be connected with it ; but the only places of
this description which I look upon to have evident claims to the title of
Roman camps or stations are Countesbury, on the northern channel ; the
camp in Sir Thomas Acland's park at Killerton, where coins have been
found, and which is well situated for a station between Taunton and
Exeter ; Bradbury, between Exeter and Stratton ; and Berry castle, in
Witheridge, between Exeter and Molland. Perhaps, too, Shorsbury, 10
miles north-east of Barnstaple, at a meeting of roads half way on the line
between this last place and Countesbury. It is an ingenious observation
of Mr. Polwhele's, that the few large Roman camps existing in Devonshire
argue the Damnonii to have surrendered without any considerable re-
sistance.

" If Hembury be not regarded as Moridunum, I am inclined to allow
it to have been a British camp occupied by the Romans ; it is an irregular
figure, but tending to circular. Oval stones, used by the Britons for slings,
have been found in it, yet its lofty situation, commanding the Vale
of Otter, the ancient roads (one of them with the name of Street)
running up to it, the marks of two raised hills (Pretoria they are called)
within the area, and some possible marks of occupancy, the Roman lar,
and it is said coins dug up near it, with its very convenient distance from
both Exeter and Seaton, are strong proofs of its having been possessed by
the latter people.

" It is to be lamented that so extensive a county, inhabited at all times
by an active and industrious people, and of late years, in particular, illus-
trated by the labours of many ingenious men, should still have such a

cloud

DEVONSHIRE. cccxxiii

cloud hanging over the period of its early history. A few insulated camps
with no remains in them, and detached pieces of roads (the end and begin-
ing of which are equally unknown), form the sum of its Roman antiquities ;
and of the stations and cities which it once contained. Exeter only,
and perhaps Molland Bottreaux, have been fixed with any degree of
certainty."

Ancient Church Architecture.

Saxon. — The remains of Saxon architecture in the Devonshire churches
are neither numerous nor particularly interesting. The most considerable
are the two square towers of the cathedral built by Bishop Warlewast,
and the churches at Bishop's Teignton and East Teignmouth, both of
which appear to have been built about the same time. The tower at
Bishop's Teignton, which stands between the nave and the chancel, is
square, of very massive construction, with a circular turret at one of the
angles. The west door exhibits the richest specimen of Saxon architec-
ture in Devonshire, with grotesque heads, chevron, and other mouldings :
the south door has a plain circular arch, on the transom stone of which
are some kneeling figures, rudely carved, much defaced and obscured
by white-wash. c The tower of East Teignmouth church is similar,
and in the same situation as that of Bishop's Teignton ; it has round-
headed windows, which occur also on the north side of the church. One
of the doorways, which has a circular head, is enriched with Saxon
mouldings.

In the churches of Bundleigh, Farway, Holsworthy, and North Pether-
win, are some remains of Saxon pillars and capitals. In the chapel at
Ford abbey is an arch slightly pointed, with chevron mouldings at each
end of a groined stone roof.

In the churches of Axminster, Buckland Brewer, Tiverton, Loxbeare,
Parkham, Paignton, Woolfardisworthy, in the hundred of Hartland, Bea-
worthy, Holcombe Burnell, Meeth, Stockleigh Pomeroy, and East Wor-
lington, are doorways having circular arched heads, with chevron and

c Many of the windows at Bishop's Teignton are obviously of a later date, long subsequent
to the erection of the church, probably about the fourteenth century, at which time the
north aisle appears to have been added.

s s 2 other

cccxxiv DEVONSHIRE.

other mouldings characteristic of the Saxon style. There are also arched
doorways without enrichments, but evidently of this sera, in the churches
of Bickleigh (near Tiverton), Bradford, Bradstone, Dunsford, High
Hampton, High Bray, Holsworthy, Knowestone, Sutcombe, and Thornbury.
At South Milton are two pillars of a Saxon doorway. At Downe St.
Mary, over the doorway, are some rude Saxon carvings.

Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries. — The chapel of St. Mary in Exeter
cathedral is supposed to have been built by Bishop Simon de Apulia, in
the early part of the thirteenth century ; and the style of architecture
appears to be of that period. The remains of the priory church at
Frithelstock, founded in the beginning of the reign of Henry III.,
has three lancet-shaped windows at the west end. The chancel of
Bishop's Teignton church has windows of a similar form ; and there
are some remains of the architecture of this date in the church of
Aveton Giffard. The remains of the cloisters at Hartland exhibit the
arches and columns in use during the reign of Henry III. The choir and
nave of Exeter cathedral, designed by Bishop Quivil, who was promoted
to the see in 1280, were begun by him, but the greater part was built by
Bishop Grandisson, who was promoted to the see in 1327. The lower
part of the chapter-house, from the style of its architecture, appears
to have been built after Bishop Quivil's design. It is attributed to Bishop
Lacy, who was not promoted to the see till 1420. The upper part of the
building is of that age. The very rich facade at the west front, adorned
with numerous statues of patriarchs, prophets, apostles, kings, bishops, &c.
under enriched niches, was built by Bishop Brantingham towards the
latter end of the fourteenth century.

The church of Ottery St. Mary, dedicated by Bishop Bronscombe in
the year 1260, is a large structure, built in the form of a cathedral, with
nave, choir, and lady's chapel, of a plain, and, for the most part,
uniform style of architecture. The roof appears to have been finished by
Bishop Grandisson, who made it collegiate. The bosses at the intersection
of the groins are ornamented with foliage, and have his arms frequently
repeated. The north aisle is of later date.

Fifteenth Century. — Most of the parish churches in Devonshire appear
to have been rebuilt in this century : they are distinguished by clustered
columns, more or less ornamented with foliage, and by arches of a pointed
form. Among the most handsome of these churches may be reckoned

Ashburton,

DEVONSHIRE. cccxxv

Ashburton, Broad Clist, Chittlehampton, Colyton, Collumpton, Credi-
ton, Heavitree, Kenton, South Molton, Silverton, Swimbridge, and
Tiverton.

The church of Crediton is a handsome structure, and exhibits several
rich specimens of the style prevailing during this sera : it appears to have
been erected towards the end of the fifteenth century ; for Leland, who
was at Crediton in the reign of Henry VIII. , speaks of the parish church
as of no antiquity, and William of Worcester, who was there in 1478,
does not mention it. Honiton church appears also to have been built
about the end of this century. The window of the south transept at
Awlescombe is a rich specimen of the florid style prevailing about this
period.

Sixteenth Century. — The principal specimens of the florid Gothic, which
was in use in the reign of Henry VIII., are the chapel of Bishop Oldham,
and Speke's chapel in Exeter cathedral ; the north aisle of Ottery St. Mary,
built when Voysey was Bishop of Exeter, much enriched with tracery and
pendant ornaments on the ceiling ; the chapel at Collumpton, built by
John Lane, wool merchant, in 1528, richly ornamented in the same style,
with figures of angels holding emblems of the crucifixion ; the cloisters
and hall at Ford abbey, built by Abbot Thomas Chard, in 1508 ; and
Greenwaye's chapel at Tiverton, built in 1517. The latter is separated
from the south aisle of the church by a rich stone screen. The roof is
coved and enriched with tracery and pendant ornaments. The cornice
has angels holding shields, with the founder's mercantile mark, and
with anchors and woolpacks ; the arms of the Drapers' company, and
those of the Merchant Adventurers. The arms of Greenwaye are on
the wainscot of the chapel. f The outside of the chapel is richly orna-
mented with tracery in stone, with shields and anchors. The cornice is
carved with various subjects from the history of our Saviour. On a wide
frieze are waves, with ships and boats ; on another, immediately under the
battlements, the arms of Greenwaye, &c, as in the chapel, and a shield
with three roses and several quarterings, probably the arms of the founder's
wife ; the whole rather coarsely executed. On another frieze is this in-
scription :

Have grace, ye men, and ever pray

For the souls of John and Jone Greenwaye.

' A chevron between three covered cups ; in chief three griffins' heads erased.

The

cccxxvi DEVONSHIRE.

The Umberleigh aisle at Atherington, fitted up in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, has the following inscription :

" God save the church, our Queen Elizabeth, and realme,
And grant us peace and truth in Christ. Amen."

Ancient painted Glass. — The painted glass of the cathedral was nearly
all destroyed during the civil war. Some figures remain in the great east
window; among these are the Virgin Mary, St. Catharine, St. Helen,
St. Sidwell, King Edmund the Martyr, Edward the Confessor, St. Martin,
with some of the prophets and patriarchs. In St. Gabriel's chapel is a figure
of that archangel ; in St. Mary Magdalen's is a portrait of Bishop Stafford,
in an attitude of devotion before that saint. The great west window, of
painted glass, by Peckitt, of York, was fitted up in 1766.

There are few remains of painted glass in the Devonshire parochial
churches, and those, for the most part, much mutilated ; as at Abbot's
Bickington, Bampton, Coleridge, Lamerton, and Lustleigh, consisting
chiefly of figures of saints. At Clist St. George, the east window appears
to have been ornamented with painted glass, at the expence of one of the
rectors, whose figure is introduced in a kneeling attitude. On a scroll is

the following imperfect inscription : " Ora pro Johi A lar rectori

hujus ecclesie." In the central light is the crucifixion ; on one side the
virgin and chdd, on the other St. George, on foot, armed. In the church
at Doddescombleigh are some remains of painted glass, representing the
seven sacraments, with figures of saints, &c.

In the east window of the church at Beer Ferrers are some curious
remains of painted glass, particularly the figures of the founder and' his
lady, as represented in the annexed plate, with an imperfect inscription,
which denotes him to have been Sir William Ferrers. There are also the
figures of St. Catherine and other saints, much mutilated. The different
compartments of the window have borders formed of the arms of Ferrers
and plain coloured glass placed alternately.

Rood-lofts, Screens, §c. — This county abounds in very rich remains of
antiquities of the kinds here mentioned. Almost the whole of them
appear to have been the work of the fifteenth century. The greater part
of them are of wood, but there are also several of stone. At Totnes is a

very

DEVONSHIRE. cccxxvii

very elegant stone screen, represented in the annexed plate, with tabernacle
work painted and gilt. It extends to one half of the chancel : the
gallery of the rood-loft remains, the staircase to it being on the north
side. At Culmstock is a stone screen, between the nave and chancel ;
it has a rich doorway, ornamented with foliage, and a tufted finial ; on
each side the doorway are three arches, with Gothic tracery : above the
arches are scrolls, on which is inscribed, " Whan God woll better may hit
be." At Colyton is an elegant open stone screen across the south transept.
At Marldon is a rich screen of stone, and another at the end of the north
aisle, with the cornices much enriched. At Luppit is a stone screen.
At Awlescombe is the stone screen of a rood-loft, in the style of the
fifteenth century, with angels holding scrolls in the springings of the
arches. At Bideford is a stone screen between the chancel and the south
aisle, with several shields of Grenville, connected with the monument of
Sir Thomas Grenville (1513). At Paignton, in the south aisle, is a rich
stone screen, with shields similar to those in use in the reign of Edward IV.,
connected with monuments of the Kirkham family.

The costly stone screen at the east end of the choir of Exeter cathedral,
erected by Bishop Stapeldon, is supposed to have been demolished about
the beginning of Elizabeth's reign % ; its place was long supplied by a plain
freestone wall, for which has been lately substituted a screen of enriched
Gothic sculpture by Mr. Kendall ; but it is to be regretted that this in-
genious artist had not adopted the lighter style of architecture, which, no
doubt, characterized the Bishop's screen, and which is seen in the remark-
ably beautiful adjoining stalls.

Anions: the most rich and curious of the wooden screens which have
the rood-loft remaining, are those at Ashton, Berry Pomeroy, Bradninch,
(extending across the nave and aisles, with the date 1528,) West Buckland,
with heads and arabesque ornaments, the projecting part of it particularly
well carved ; Clist St. Lawrence ; Collumpton, with cornice of vine-
leaves, &c. ; Dartmouth (uncommonly rich) ; Feniton (very rich and
complete) ; Halberton ; Harburton, and Honiton (both very rich and
entire) ; Kentisbere ; Kenton, with scrolls, on which is the Belief in
Latin ; Marwood (inscribed Sir John Beapul, persone of Merewode) ;
King's Nympton ; Peahembury ; Pinhoe, with rich mouldings of vine-
leaves, bunches of grapes, &c. ; Plymtree ; Poltimore ; Sampford Peve-

s Mr. Oliver, from a passage in Hoker's MS., supposes it to have been in 1559.

rell,

cccxxviii DEVONSHIRE.

rell, Swimbridge, richly ornamented with vine-leaves, &c. ; Tallaton, very
rich and complete ; Tiverton, richly ornamented, and with side screens ; Tor
Bryan, Trusham, and Uffculme, with foliage, richly gilt and painted, as are
several of those above mentioned. Most of them have figures of saints, &c,
painted on the lower compartments. At Tor Mohun is a screen with the
joists of the rood-loft remaining over the Ridgway chapel. At Ather-
inglon is a very rich screen across the north aisle, with the gallery of the
rood-loft remaining : it originally extended across the whole church. At
Dawlish part of the rood-loft and screen remain. At Malborough the
projection of the rood-loft remains across the north aisle.

In numerous churches, the screen of the rood-loft only remains ; in the
following they are particularly rich, and most of them are painted and
gilt: Bridford, Bovey Tracey, Burlescombe, Chivelstone, Clayhanger,
Clist St. Lawrence, Dartington, Dowland, Little Hempston, Holne, Lap-
ford, Manaton, West Ogwell, Pilton, Plymstock, Portlemouth, Shipstor,
and Staverton. Those at South Brent, Christow, Rattery, and Wolborough,
extend across the nave and aisles.

There are screens of a less ornamented description at East Allington,
Alphington, Ashcombe, Blackauton, (ornamented with pomegranates,)
North Bovey, High Bray, Burrington, Broadwood Wiger, Buckland-in-the-
Moor, Chawley, Chulmleigh, Cockington, Coleridge, Churston Ferrers,
Comb in Teignhead, Dodbrook, East Downe, Dittisham, Ermington, (with
ornaments in the Holbein style,) Broad Hempston, Hennock, Heanton
Punchardon, South Huish, Ilsington, Ipplepen, Kenn, Abbot's Kerswell,
Littleham, Lustleigh, St. Mary Church, South Milton, North Molton,
Monkleigh, Moreton Hampstead, North Petherwin, South Pool, Powder-
ham, Sherford, Slapton, Stoke Gabriel, Stoke Rivers, Stoke in Teignhead,
Stokenham, East Teignmouth, and Ugborough.

At Heavitree only the lower part of the screen remains, formed into
pews, with paintings of saints. At Romansleigh and Sampford Courtenay
are remains of screens. At Throwley is the base of the screen, painted with
Scripture subjects (1544). At Ashprington is part of a screen, which has
been much cut away. At North Huish, Whimple, and Widdecombe-in-the-
Moor, are remains of screens. The screen at Holbeton, which was at the
end of the nave, has been cut down, but it remains in the north and south
aisles, ornamented with roses, portcullises, pomegranates, and fleurs-de-lis.
The screens have been removed, within a few years, from the churches of
Coffinswell, Langtree, North Lew, and Uplowman. There was an elegant

screen

- , .- 1} ■

A f rn '/h // ///// >////* f Ywt y /> .

■ \

■•-/'/ /'./'/.'. . i 'yr/'J/r//> // .

■ ■ . . '

DEVONSHIRE. cccxxix

screen in the old church of St. Sidwell, with rich mouldings of vine-leaves,
&c, which was taken down a few years ago, when that church was rebuilt.
The screen at Langtree was rich and entire, ornamented with scrolls of
vine-leaves, flowers, heads, &c, on the projecting fans, and shields of the
age of Edward IV. That at North Lew is said to have been very rich.

In several of the churches the pews appear to be coeval with the rood-
lofts, which they resemble in their ornaments, as at Peahembury, &c. The
pews in others are ornamented with grotesque figures carved in wood, as at
Lew Trenchard, Pancras Week, &c. &c. The door at St. Saviour's at
Dartmouth, or at least its iron ornaments, appear to be coeval with the
building of the church in the reign of Edward III. The date of 1639
must have referred to some repairs.

Ancient Pulpits. — There are several richly ornamented ancient pulpits,
both of stone and wood, in the Devonshire churches. At Bovey
Tracey the pulpit is ornamented with foliage and tabernacle work, gilt ;
at Chittlehampton it is ornamented with scrolls of vine-leaves and figures
of saints ; at Dartmouth several enrichments, carved in wood, have been
added to the stone pulpit, and are evidently of later date. The pulpit at
Dittisham has figures under niches, rudely executed, with alternate scrolls
of vine-leaves and other foliage ; that at Harberton is richly ornamented
with scrolls of vine-leaves and grapes, and the figures of the evangelists
and other apostles, in niches ; the pulpit at North Molton is enriched
with tabernacle work and tracery ; that of South Molton, of the same de-
scription, which is particularly rich, is represented in the annexed plate.
The stone pulpit at Paignton is ornamented with vine-leaves and other foli-
age ; that at Pilton with Gothic tracery ; that at Swimbridge with figures
of saints ; that at Witheridge with sculpture of saints, crucifixes, &c. The
stone pulpit at Totnes is on a pedestal, with Gothic tracery and shields.

Among ancient enriched wooden pulpits, those of East Allington, Brid-
fbrd, Halberton, Holne, Ipplepen, Kenton, Malborough, Pinhoe, and Tor
Bryan, may be particularized. Some of these are painted and gilt, and
are evidently of the same date as the rood-lofts, by the resemblance in
their enrichments.

Stone Stalls. — In Axminster church are three stone stalls of unequal
height, with trefoil arched heads, and an elegant piscina ; at Bigbury, three
with plain pointed arches, and a piscina ; at Broad Clist, three of equal

Vol. VI. t t height,

cccxxx DEVONSHIRE.

height, connected with a monument6 ; at Cornwood, three of unequal
height, with plain trefoil-arched heads and a piscina ; at Crediton, the re-
mains of three, with arched heads of remarkably rich tracery.

In the Lady's chapel in Exeter cathedral, are three stone stalls, with
highly pointed arches and a double piscina. On the south side of the choir,
are three of great beauty. The seats are of unequal height ; the backs,
which are semi-octagon, are richly ornamented with mosaic work ; the
canopies, which are octagonal, are surmounted by lofty pinnacles, with
finials ; the whole richly ornamented with foliage.

At Harberton, are three stone stalls, very much enriched, and a piscina;
at Lustleigh, three of equal height, with plain trefoil-arched heads and a
double piscina ; at Maristow, two similar ones of equal height ; at Newton
Ferrers, three with very pointed arches and a double piscina ; at West
Ogwell, three of equal height, with trefoil arches upon detached columns ;
at Plympton St. Mary, three and a piscina ; and at Yealmton, two with
plain pointed arches upon detached pillars.

At Dartmouth, the communion-table is surrounded with seats, the upper
parts of which are enriched with arabesque ornaments and arms. The
table is supported by grotesque figures, and the four Evangelists with their
symbols.

Fonts. — Few of the fonts in this county claim particular notice. Among
many of circular form and an early age, enriched with various carved
mouldings, wreaths, scrolls, or foliage, may be enumerated those of Ash-
combe, Bideford, Blackauton, South Brent, Dean Prior, Dittisham, St.
Petrock in Dartmouth, St. Mary Steps in Exeter, Farrington, Harberton,
Huxham, Loddiswell, Nymet Rowland, South Pool, Rattery, Stoke Flem-
ing, Bishop's Teignton, Drew's Teignton, Twitchen, and Ugborough. At
South Milton and Topsham, the fonts are also circular, with figures of
animals rudely carved ; that at Alphington is surrounded with pillars and
interlaced arches in low relief, with an ornament of grotesque figures over
them. The font at Stoke Canon has figures and animals of very coarse
workmanship.

There are ancient square fonts, for the most part supported by four pil-
lars and a large pedestal in the centre, at Bundleigh, Dodbrook, Holne,
Honeychurch, Honiton Clist, Kenne, North Lew, Lifton, Mariansleigh,

s See p. cccxxxii.

Maristow,

I I! i

J £/irttti.n'i

/. -.1'

DEVONSHIRE. cccxxxi

Maristow, Petrockstow, Sherwell, Washfield, Wembury, Woodleigh, and
Woolf'ai'disworthy. '' At Ashwater, Holbeton, and Luppit, are square
fonts with rude figures of animals ; that at Ashwater has grotesque heads
at the angles. The fonts at Christow, Hittesleigh, Loxbeare, Newton
Tracey, Roseash, Bishop's Tawton, and Thelbridge, have square Saxon
fonts on circular pillars, or pedestals. Those at Bishop's Nyrapton, Wool-
fardisworthy ', and Dolton, are square, on a square base; the latter is
highly enriched, but the ornaments are much worn.

The fonts at Broad Hembury and North Molton are octagonal, very
richly ornamented with quatrefoils, foliage, and the figures of saints under
niches. The fonts at Cockington and Dunsford are octagonal, orna-
mented with coats of arms ; at Plymtree, with quatrefoils and tracery ; at
Tor Mohun, with foliage, and winged figures at the angles as supporters.
The fonts at Challocombe, Linton, and East Teignmouth, are octagonal,
on pillars ; the latter enriched with quatrefoils, &c. in pannels, and foliage.
At Bigbury, the font is octagonal, with carved pannels and shields on the
sides, and supported upon a base fancifully ornamented with tracery and
small pillars. At Shipwash, the font is square upon the top, curved below,
and connected with a plain octagonal base, upon which it stands. Three
sides of the font are plain ; the fourth, enriched with foliage slightly carved
upon its surface. The font at Beer Ferrers consists of a truncated polygonal
shaft, resting upon four foliated ornaments, encircled by a band of rather
coarse execution.

Ancient Sepulchral Monuments. — Few instances occur in this county of
ancient monuments of ecclesiastics without inscriptions, distinguished by
crosses flory, &c. There are such in the ruins of Canonleigh priory, at
Coleridge, Hittesleigh, and Offwell. At Chittlehampton is a slab with a
cross flory fitchee, having a tall shaft resting on a base, on which are the
following arms : — A bend engrailed, cottised ; on the slab is inscribed in
text characters, the letters being on each side of the shaft, " Orate pro
aia Joh. Doble."

In Axminster church is a mutilated effigies of an ecclesiastic, with a
maniple suspended from the left wrist. Under the south tower of the
cathedral is an altar-tomb, ornamented with quatrefoils, supposed to be
that of John, Bishop of Exeter, who died in 1191 : that of Bishop Leofric,
under the same tower, was constructed in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

h In the hundred of Hartland. ' In the hundred of Witheridge.

1 1 2 Two

cccxxxii DEVONSHIRE.

Two ancient monuments, supposed to be those of Bartholomew Iscanus
and Simon de Apulia, Bishops of Exeter, have been lately discovered on
removing the library in the Lady's chapel. The latter, which belongs to the
thirteenth century k, is represented in the annexed plate ; the former is of
ruder sculpture, and not so much raised.

Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. — At Atherington is the effigies of
a crusader, brought from Umberleigh chapel in 1818. At Beer Ferrers,
on the north side of the chancel, is the monument of a crusader and his
lady. He is habited in mail and surcoat ; she in a veil and whimple. In the
north transept is the mutilated effigies of a crusader in the act of drawing
his sword, the shield angular ; both doubtless of the Ferrers family, who
possessed Beer Ferrers from a very early period. At Georgeham is the
effigies of a crusader, rudely executed ; with a plain shield, two angels at
his head, and a lion at his feet (said to be Sir Manger St. Albyn, who died
22 Edw. I.). At Haccombe is the effigies of a crusader in armour, richly
inlaid with ornament, as shown in the annexed plate ; on his shield the
arms of Haccombe (either Sir Stephen or Sir Jordan de Haccombe).

In Exeter cathedral, in the south aisle of the choir, are the effigies of
two crusaders. One of these, which is under an ogee arch, is in mail
and surcoat, with a helmet under his head, and a dog at his feet ; he has
a long sword, which he is in the act of drawing : the other, which is
under a plain arch, and has a round helmet, is in the act also of drawing
his sword ; at his feet is a lion. These monuments are said to be for one
of the Chichester family, and Humphrey Bohun, Earl of Hereford. '
At Iddesleigh, under a flat arch, is the effigies of a crusader, with a plain
shield, said to have been intended for Sir John Sully. At; Little Hemp-
ston is the effigies of a crusader, much mutilated and defaced ; a lion at
his feet ; probably Sir John Arundell. At Weare Giffard, under a plain
arch, is the effigies of a crusader, with that of his lady, in stone, much
obscured by white-wash ; he is represented in mail and surcoat, in the act
of drawing his sword ; she in a veil and whimple, with a coronet on her
head, her hands joined in prayer. A mutilated effigies of a crusader,

fc Bishop Simon de Apulia, died in I19.i.

1 Leland mentions only a knight of the Chichester family. The other appears to have
been attributed to Humphrey Bohun so early as the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when John
Hoker wrote an epitaph for it, which has been long illegible : it is printed in Mr. Polwhele's
History.

doubt*

■

Uc///////r/// m a Bls/JO/J ,;/A'/y/rV.

'■■■-.

■ ■

E/fi:i?<s . r'a i 'rusader mMaccp/nlh t '-.'.

v^mi*m^m3B^^*m

. i // /■'/ ' . teiii ■ am '. . i/f '///■■ />/, /// . i6jjroad> t i/st

. '; - ■ . ■ '

DEVONSHIRE. cccxxxiii

doubtless one of the Peverell family, has recently been discovered in the
church of Sampford Peverell.

At Arlington, in a little chapel on the south side of the church, is
the effigies of a lady, in a very good style, with a coronet, which may pro-
bably be attributed to the latter part of this period. At Atherington, under
a plain arch, on the north side of the chancel, is an altar-tomb, orna-
mented with shields : on the slab are the effigies of a knight and his lady ;
the former in armour, with a pointed helmet, a lion at his feet, and on his
breast the arms of Champernowne m ; the lady is in a long loose gown,
with a mantle, and has a dog at her feet. At Broad Clist is a monument
connected with three stone stalls, as is shown in the annexed plate.
Behind the columns which support the arches, is the effigies of a knight,
in plate armour, with mail gorget, and a pointed helmet ; under which
is the crest ; a hand, with the fist clenched, rising out of a ducal coronet.
On the surcoat are lions rampant. At Dartington, under a trefoil-headed
arch, is an effigy, two feet in length, with curled hair and a long gown.
At West Downe, in the north transept, under an arch, is the effigies of
a female, in a loose dress with large collar ; the whole much defaced. In
Exeter cathedral are monuments of Bishop Marshall, who died in 1206 ;
Simon de Apulia, before mentioned, who died in 1223, Walter Brons-
combe, who died in 1280 ; and Walter Stapeldon, who was murdered by
the mob in 1326. That of Bishop Marshall is an altar-tomb of purbeck
marble, enriched with foliage on both sides. The effigies of the Bishop
is under a canopy, with a trefoil-shaped head ; a dragon at his feet ; his
right hand raised in the attitude of benediction, his crosier on the left.
The monument of Bishop Bronscombe, on the south side of the Lady's
chapel, consists of an altar-tomb, under a rich canopy, the cornice of
which is ornamented with angels playing on musical instruments ; the two
in the centre holding shields, with the arms of Bronscombe. The monu-
ment is much enriched with quatrefoils, trefoils, &c, painted and gilt.
It has the following inscription :

" Olim sincerus pater omni digitus amore
Primus Walterus magno jacet hie in honore
Edidit hie plura dignissima laude statuta
Quce tanquam jura servant hie omnia tuta
Atque collegium quod Glasney plebs vocat ots
Condidit egregium pro voce data sibi somnis

m Probably the last of this branch of the family, whose heiress married Willington in the
reign of Henry III.

Quo*

cccxxxiv DEVONSHIRE.

Quot loca construxit, pietalis quot bona fecit,
Quam sanctum duxit vitam, vox dicere quce scit ?
Landibus immensis jubilet gens Exoniensis
Et chorus et turbce, quia natus in hac_fu.it urbe.
Plus si scire velis, festum statuit Gabrielis.
Gaudeat in coelis igitur pater iste jidelis.

The monument of Bishop Stapeldon, on the north side of the choir, has
the effigies of the Bishop in his pontificals, lying on an altar-tomb, under
a depressed arch. It appears by the inscription that this monument was
repaired at the expense of the rector and fellows of Exeter college, in 1733.
Underneath is a long Latin epitaph, written in 1554, by John Hoker. "

Opposite to the monument of Bishop Stapeldon, is the effigies of a
crusader in armour, said to be that of Sir Richard Stapeldon, the Bishop's
brother, who lost his life at the same time ; but there seems to be no par-
ticular reason for the supposition, nor any evidence to show for whom it
was intended.

Under an arch, on the south side of the nave, is a lofty altar-tomb, en-
riched at the ends and sides with niches, shields, and quatrefoils, in
memory of Hugh, Earl of Devon, who died in 1377. and Margaret,
daughter of Humphrey Bohun, Earl of Hereford. On a slab of black
marble are the effigies of the Earl and his Countess, much mutUated j at
the feet of the former is a lion, at the lady's feet the remains of two birds.

At Little Hempston, in the south aisle, is the effigies of a knight in
plate armour, with an oval helmet ; a lion at his feet, the hands joined
in prayer: on another tomb is the effigies of his lady, both much ob-
scured by white-wash. At Haccombe, in the north aisle, under an obtuse
arch, is the effigies, in free-stone, of a lady of the Haccombe family, as
appears by the arms ; probably the heiress, who married L'Ercedekne.
She is habited in a veil and whimple, has angels at her pillow, and a dog at
her feet ; with her left hand she holds up her loose robe, which is tucked
under her right. Under another arch is the effigies of a lady in a veil and
whimple, her right hand holding the string of her mantle, her left a
book ; a dog at her feet. At Clay Hidon, under a trefoil-shaped arch, is
the effigies of a knight, much mutilated.

At Lustleigh, in the north aisle, under two obtuse arches, are the
effigies of a knight in armour, and his lady ; he has his right hand on his
shield ; she is habited in a long gown. At the south end of the transept
is the effigies, in stone, of a knight in a surcoat, with his right hand on his

» Printed in Mr. Polwhele's History.

shield,

DEVONSHIRE. cccxxxv

shield, the left on his sword ; this figure is much mutilated. At Modbury is
the monument of a knight and his lady, of the Champernowne family, much
mutilated, under an open trefoil-shaped arch, with crockets and finials,

At Morthoe is an altar-tomb, the sides of which are rudely ornamented with
tracery ; the arms of Tracey, the crucifixion, &c. On the slab are cut the
lines of the figure of an ecclesiastic in his robes, holding a chalice with both

hands. It has the following mutilated inscription: ame cle Traei

...Fame eutmerci. This monument commemorates William de Tracey, rector
of Morthoe, who in 1308 founded a chantry in that church, and died in
1322. It has been erroneously ascribed to Sir William Tracey, one of the
assassins of Thomas a Becket.

At Poltimore is a slab for John Bampfylde, at whose expense the church
was erected, with the following inscription : MCCCXC. John Baunfeld et
Agnes uxor ejus paf. et mat'. Willi Baunfeld qui heme ecclesid et magna
campand fieri fecerunt." At Stoke Fleming is a slab with the effigies (cut on
a brass plate) of a man with flowing hair, forked beard, a large dagger on his
left side, long pointed shoes, his hands joined in prayer ; his lady standing
on a pedestal, with reticulated head-dress and a veil flowing on one side.
Underneath is the following inscription : " Amys q passes ycy p Joh Corp

et Elyenour ancy pies diffuse pur charite q di lo almes die merce. Amen.

Obiit in die Sci Georg. Obiit in die Sci Joh.

Aim Dm Mill" CCCLXXX primo. Evangeliste A" Dm.

Milt CCCLXI-".

At Widworthy, in the transept, under a flat arch, ornamented with
quatrefoils, is the effigies of a knight in armour, with whiskers, habited
in mail gorget, and pointed helmet; on his shield are the arms of Wootton.
It must have been intended for William Wootton, who purchased Widwor-
thy in the reign of Edward III.

I am not certain whether to refer the following to the fourteenth, or
the early part of the fifteenth century.

At Broadwood Wiger, an altar-tomb, ornamented with niches, on
which is the effigies of a knight, much mutilated and covered with white-
wash ; — at Bundleigh, an elegant monument, ornamented with quatrefoils,
&c, with the effigies of a female in a loose robe ; — at Feniton, on the
south side of the chancel, an altar-tomb, ornamented with quatrefoils, on
which is an emaciated figure in a winding sheet, larger than life ; — at
Horwood, in a window on the left of the altar, the effigies, in marble, of
a lady, about four feet in length, habited in a loose dress, with a mantle ;
the head-dress reticulated in the form of a mitre ; at the feet a plain shield ;

— at

cccxxxvi DEVONSHIRE.

— at Haccombe between the nave and aisle, on a tomb, three sides of
which are embattled, an effigy two feet two inches in length, of a person
in armour, without a helmet ; angels supporting the pillow ; a dog at the
feet; — at King's Carswell, a rich monument, much mutilated, having on an
altar-tomb the effigies of a man with a pointed helmet, mail gorget, and sur-
coat, on which are the arms of Dynham °, and that of a lady with a coronet,
habited in a gown with a rich stomacher. In the north aisle of the same
church, on an altar-tomb, the effigies of a lady, with a reticulated head-dress ;
two angels at her head, a wyvern at her feet ; — at Luppit, an altar-tomb
under an open arch of trefoils, much enriched with foliage, and having angels
holding shields ; the tomb ornamented with tabernacle work ; the brass
plates removed from the slab, except the arms of Carew, impaling three
crescents ; — at Membury, under a low circular arch, the effigies of a lady,
habited in a long gown, with a veil and whimple ; — at Plympton St. Mary,
in the south aisle, under a rich canopy with an obtuse arch, an altar-tomb
much enriched with tabernacle work, on which is the effigies of a knight in
plate armour, much mutilated and obscured by white-wash ; — in the north
aisle of the same church, the remains of a rich monument, much mutilated,
under a rich canopy of three arches, highly ornamented with crockets and
pendents ; the soffit enriched with tracery, as well as the back part of the
arch : on the altar-tomb the effigies of a knight in plate armour, with a
helmet under his head, and a wyvern at his feet ; — at Shebbeare the effigies
of a lady in a loose robe and veil, in the attitude of prayer ; an angel at
her head ; — at Sherwell, on an altar-tomb with quatrefoils, that of a lady
in a similar habit ; a dog at her feet ; — at Stoke Fleming, on an altar-tomb,
the effigies of a lady with a turban head-dress, a book in her left hand, a
dog at her feet ; — and atTamerton Foliot, in the chancel, an altar-tomb,
bearing the effigies of a knight in plate armour ; a lion at his feet : and that
of his lady, with a dog at her feet, much covered with white-wash.

Fifteenth Century. — At Alwington, in the north transept, is a very
small effigies of a lady, in a veiled head-dress, similar to those worn in the
reign of Edward IV. In the south aisle at Ashwater, is the monument of
Sir Thomas Carew, who married the heiress of Carminow. Under a
Gothic arch, richly ornamented, are the effigies of Sir Thomas and his
lady, recumbent ; their hands joined in prayer. At Atherington is an altar-
tomb, ornamented with quatrefoils, on the slab of which are the figures
of a knight and his two ladies, on brass plates, with the arms of Basset

0 Probably Sir John Dynham, who lived at King's Carswell in the reign of Richard II., and
married a daughter of Sir Thomas Courtenay by one of the co-heiresses of Lord Moels.

impaling

V0numc?iteftbcDtttbtmiFmnil\ ■<>> %&& rs ' }"-

DEVONSHIRE. cccxxxvii

-impaling Grenville and Dennis : the ladies have angular head-dresses ; the
knight is in plate armour, with a long sword.

At Berry Pomeroy, is an altar-tomb ornamented with quatrefoils, under
an obtuse arch, much enriched ; the brass plates have been removed, but
the arms of Pomeroy remain impaling Ashton. At Bigbury, is a monu-
ment to the memory of William Bigbury, the last of the family of that
name, and his wife Elizabeth, who afterwards married Sir Thomas Arun-
dell. The figure (on a brass plate) of William Bigbury, has been removed :
that of his wife is represented in a veiled head-dress, gown, and mantle ;
two little dogs at her feet. There is only this fragment of an inscription :

« et domina Elizabeth uxor ejus, nuper uxor Thonuv Arundell de

Com " At Burlescombe is an altar-tomb, on the sides of which are

angels under canopies, holding shields, in memory of Nicholas Ayshford,
and Margaret and Isabella, his wives (the date obliterated). At Chittle-
hampton, on a grave-stone are the figures, on brass plates, of a man between
his two wives, who are in veiled head-dresses, such as were worn in the
reign of Edward IV. Underneath is the following inscription : — " Hie
jacent Joke's Coblegh et Isabella uxor ejus que quidem Isabella obiit XXI.
die Octob. A°. Dom'.MCCCCLXVI. nuper uxor Robert Cornew armigeri et
Johanne uxor pdJ. Jolus Coblegh que quidem Johanne obiit tilt, die Septemb.

A°. Dm. MCCCCLXXX°."

At Colyton, is a monument much enriched with tabernacle work and
tracery ; with an altar-tomb, bearing the effigies of a young lady in a gown,
with a coronet on her head, her pillow supported by angels, a dog at her
feet. This monument, which has the royal arms and those of Courtenay, was
put up in memory of a daughter of William Courtenay, Earl of Devon-
shire, by his wife Catherine, daughter of King Edward IV. A vague tra-
dition, that this young lady was choaked with a fish-bone, has occasioned
it to be called the monument of " little choak a bone."

At Dartmouth, on a slab, are the figures, on brass plates under rich
Gothic canopies, of a knight in plate armour, with mail gorget, between his
two wives, taking hold of the hand of one with his right hand, and having the
left on his belt ; a lion at his feet, and two dogs at the feet of each of the
ladies. Underneath is the following inscription : — " Hie jacet venerabilis

vir Johannes Hartley istius cancelle fundator qui ob'. XXI. Octob. M. ...

dicta jacet uxor ejus noie Johna que obiit XII. die Julii a°. dni

MCCC. nonagento 'qrio. In par que obiit VII. die Januarii anno

~dni CCCC" tercio quor animar. propicietur Deus."

Vol. VI. u u ln

cccxxxviii DEVONSHIRE.

In the nave of Exeter* Cathedral, near the monument of his father, foe-
fore mentioned), is the tomb of Peter Courtenay, Earl of Devon, a dis-
tinguished military character, in the reign of Henry IV., who died in 1409.
On a marble slab is his figure, under a Gothic canopy, on a brass plate, in
plate armour, with pointed helmet, a long sword, and dagger ; a helmet,
lamberquin, and the crest of Courtenay, (a plume of feathers issuing out
of a ducal coronet), a dog at his feet. Underneath is the following in-
scription : —

" Devonicc natus comes Petrusque vocatus
Regis cognatus, camerarius intitulatus,
Calesie gratus, capitaneus ense probatus,

Ccelo firmatus maneat sine fine beatus."

The monument of Edmund Stafford, Bishop of Exeter, and some time
Lord Chancellor, who died in 1419, is in the chapel of St. Gabriel, on the
south side of the Lady's chapel. It is a very handsome monument of ala-
baster, with the effigies of the bishop in pontificalibus under a canopy, with
his arms : (Or, a chevron, G. a border Az., charged with mitres of the
field). Round the tomb is the following epitaph : —

" Hie jacet Edmundus de Stafford intumulatus,
Quondam profundus Legam Doctor reputatus,
Verbis facundus, Comitum de stirpe creatus ;
Fcelix et mundus, Pater hujus pontificatus."

In the chapel is a grave-stone, with the effigies, engraved on a brass plate,
of Walter Langton, cousin of Bishop Stafford, who was Canon of Exeter
cathedral, and died in 1413. In the vestry chapel, under the north tower,
is the tomb of William Pylton, secretary to King Henry IV. On the
north side of the choir, is the monument of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of
Exeter, who died in 1475 ; it consists of a plain altar-tomb ; on the screen
above are the arms of Lacy ; 3 swans' heads erased. m

In St. Giles's church, near Torrington, is a slab, with the figure on a

1 Two lines are obliterated, which are thus printed in Mr. Polwhele's history: —
" Vitce privatus, Juit hinc super astra relatus,
Et qua sublatus, de mundo transit amatus,"

>•> A few inscribed grave-stones, of this and the following century, are noticed in the account
of the cathedral, p. 209, &c.

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DEVONSHIRE. cccxxxix

brass plate, of a lady in a veiled head-dress and long gown ; with the fol-
lowing inscription : — " Hie jacet Alyanora Pollard que fult uxor Jo/iis
Pollard efjilia Joliis Copleston qui obiit xxi die mends Septembris Anno
IJiii MiW°°. CCCCXXX0. cujus anime propicietur 2F Amen.'"

At Haccombe, between the chancel and north aisle, is the monument of
Sir Hugh Courtenay, who married the heiress of L'Ercedekne ; consisting
of a large altar-tomb, which bears the effigies of the deceased and his lady,
in freestone. He is represented in plate armour, with a pointed helmet ;
under his head the crest of Courtenay ; a lion at his feet. The lady has
a reticulated head-dress covered with a veil, a dog at her feet. At Marl-
don, is a monument of one of the Gilbert family, with his effigies, smaller
than life, much mutilated ; the shield of the form which was in use in
the reign of Edward IV. At Monkleigh, is an altar-tomb, with taber-
nacle work, under a flat Gothic arch, much enriched, said to be the monu-
ment of Sir William Hankford, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, who
died in or about 1424. At Bishop's Nympton, is a monument consisting
of an altar-tomb, enriched with a double row of quatrefoils under a flat
Gothic arch, without inscription, said to be one of the Pollard family.

At Paignton, in the south aisle, is a very rich monumental screen of
three open arches, with the figure of a knight and his lady, supposed to
be of the Kirkham family, lying under the two side arches, upon bases
ornamented with small statues in canopied niches. A similar enrichment
is introduced on the piers of the arches, and the whole is surmounted
with figures of angels, holding shields of a form similar to those used in
the reign of Edward IV.

At Powderham, in the window of the north aisle, is the effigies of a
female in freestone, in a close-bodied gown and mantle, with a square
head-dress, the hands in the attitude of prayer, a dog at her feet : supposed
to be one of the Courtenay family. At Thornbury, on a slab, are the figures
on brass plates, of Sir Thomas Brooke and his lady. He is represented in
a gown with short hair ; she is in a gown with a mantle, her head-dress re-
ticulated, with a veil; at his feet is a greyhound, at her's a lap-dog. The

inscription is imperfect and wants the date : — " Thomas Brooke,

Knyght, the which dyed "

At Upton Pyne, in the south aisle, are two flat arches, under one of
which is the effigies of a man in plate armour, a helmet under his head ;
on his shield are the arms of Larder. n

0 On three piles issuing from the chief, as many bezants.

u u 2 At

cccxl DEVONSHIRE.

At Shillingford, is an altar-tomb under an obtuse arch, with the figure
on a brass plate, of a knight in armour, with surcoat, and his lady in a
mantle, with the arms of Courtenay. It has the following inscription : —

" Conditor et redemptor corporis et animce,
Sit mihi medians et custos utriusque."

" Dame Kateryn ye wife of Sir William H... field, and daughter of Sir W.
Courtenay, Knight." Sir William Huddesfield, was Attorney-General to
King Henry VII. This monument belongs, probably, to the beginning of
the following century.

At Yarnscombe is a flat arch, ornamented with quatrefoils and tracery,
under which is a stone inscribed to the memory of John Cockworthy, Esq.,
who died in 14. . .

The emaciated figure, in a winding sheet, under an obtuse arch in the
north aisle of Exeter cathedral, which has been erroneously called the tomb
of one of the bishops, is probably to be referred to this century ; and a
similar figure in the north aisle of Paignton church.

Sixteenth Century. — At Berry Pomeroy, is a handsome monument for
Lord Edward Seymour, (son of Edward Duke of Somerset), who died in
1593, Sir Edward Seymour, Bart., his son, and others of the family, with
their effigies. At Bideford, on the south side of the chancel, under a
screen of stone-work, is an altar-tomb, ornamented with quatrefoils and
tracery : on the tomb is the effigies of a knight in plate armour, with
straight hair, having his helmet, with the crest and lamberquin, under his
head. Over the arch, on both sides, is this inscription : " Hie jacet Thomas
Graiuifyld miles patron isti eccle q. obiit viii die mensis Marcii A.D.

MCCCCCXIII. cuju (the latter part of the inscription hidden by a

pew).

In Branscombe church is the monument of the father and mother of
Nicholas Wadham, the founder of Wadham College in Oxford. She was
widow of John Kelloway, and the monument has the arms of Kelloway
and Wadham. There are kneeling figures in alto relievo, of the two
husbands and their children. At Broad Clist is the monument of Sergeant
Drewe, who died about the year lGOO, with recumbent effigies of himself
and his lady. This monument may probably belong to the following
century. At Cadleigh is the monument of Sir Simon Leach, who died in
the reign of Queen Elizabeth, with kneeling figures under a handsome
canopy, and the following inscription : " Here lye the bodies of Sir Symon

Leach,

DEVONSHIRE. cccxli

Leach, Knight, son of Symon Leach, of Crediton, blackesmith ; and of
Lady Katherine Leach, his wife, daughter of Nicholas Turberville, of Cre-
diton, Esq., whose true affection in religious wedlock caused their desire to
make there bed together in the dust."

In the chancel at Chagford is a very rich monument with an altar-tomb,
and two arches, all much enriched with arabesque ornaments in bas relief,
for Sir John Whiddon, Knight, one of the justices of the King's Bench,
who died in 1575. At Dartington is a monument of the Champernowne
family, with kneeling figures of a man in armour (a helmet before him)
with four sons and five daughters. At Dunsford are slabs in memory of
Sir John Fulford, the builder of Fulford House, who died in 1580 : and
another of the family about the same period. At Ermington is a monument
of purbeck marble, with the figures on brass plates of an old man in a
gown kneeling, with his wife and daughter, with this inscription : " Here
lyeth buried the body of Willia Strachleigh, of Strachleigh, Esquire, who
dyed the xxi day of July in the yeare of our Lorde God 15S3, and Anne his
wife, the daughter and heyre of John Gould, of Dore, Esq., and Christian,
their only daughter and heyre, who married with Christopher Chudleigh,
Knight, by whom she had issue, John Strachleigh, John, Robert, Eliza-
beth, Marye, and Anne." Against the north wall is a monument of the
Chudleigh family ; an altar-tomb under an arch j the canopy is much
enriched by arabesque ornaments.

In the north transept of Exeter cathedral, in the chapel of Dr. William
Sylke, precentor of the church, who died in 1508 °, is an obtuse arch,
under which is the figure of a skeleton. In the north aisle, in the chapel
founded by Sir John Speke, in 1518, is the recumbent effigies of the
founder in armour. At the end of the south aisle is the enriched chapel
of Bishop Oldam, in which, under a flat ogee arch, is an altar-tomb orna-
mented with tracery and shields bearing the effigies of the Bishop. It has
the following inscription : " Hie jacet Hugo Oldam Eps q. obiit xxv die

Junii An0 Dm Mill0 CCCCC0 XIX0 cuf a In St. Gabriel's chapel,

on the south side the library, is the monument of Sir John Gilbert, who
was sheriff of the county in 157*, and his lady, with their effigies ; in
the north aisle is an altar-tomb in memory of Anthony Harvey, Esq., who
died in 1564- : on the north side of the choir is a plain altar-tomb for
Bishop Bradbridge, who died in 1578 : under the south tower is the moiv

° Not 1485, as in p. 210.

ment

cccxlii DEVONSHIRE.

merit of Sir Peter Carew, with his effigies in a kneeling attitude, 1574,
removed from the north aisle ; the monument of Sir Gawen Carew and his
lady, with their effigies, the dates (which were 1581 and 1589) gone; the
altar-tomb of Bishop Wolton, who died in 1594-, remains on the south side
of the choir, but his monument, with the following inscription, has been
removed to the south tower :

" Hicjncet, haudjacet hie tumulo quern credis in esse
Terra nequit tantum contumulare virum :
Ingenium, genium, mores, pietatis honores
Eloquimur que pium busta perusta iegent
Falleris Ultonus tonus est, sic spiritus undc
Hoc nostri? tonus est calicus orbe tonans."

At Filleigh is a brass plate having the figure of a knight in armour kneel-
ing, with a helmet and gauntlet at his feet, and the following inscription :

" Forget who can yf that he lyst to see

Fortescue of Fyllegh, the seventh of that degree,
Remembrance of a frynde, his brother Drake doth showe
Presenting this unto the eyes of moo
Hurtfull to none and fryndlye to the moste,
The earthe his bones, the heavens possess his goste.
Richard Fortescue died at Fyllegh y? last day of June, 1570."

At Harford, under an obtuse arch, ornamented with foliage, is an altar-
tomb with quatrefoils, on which is the figure, on a brass plate, of a knight
in plate armour, with long sword, his helmet under his head : it has the
following inscription :

" Here lyeth the corps of Thomas Williams, Esquire.
Twice reader he in court appointed was,
Whose sacred mind to virtue did aspire ;
Of parlement he speaker hence did passe ;
The common peace he studied to preserve,
And trew religion ever to mayntayne,
In place of justice whereas he did serve,
And now in heaven with mighty Jove doth reigne.
Obiit primo die mensis Julii An° Dno, M°. CCCCCLXVI. aetatis suae anno quinquagesimo
secundo."

At Heanton Punchardon, in the chancel, is an altar-tomb in the style
of Henry VIIL's reign, with the initials R. C. on the spandrils ; the
upper part is richly ornamented with vine-leaves and grapes ; in the middle
are angels with shields bearing the arms of Coffin. The altar part has
shields and roses, with a double row of quatrefoils. At Holcombe Burnell

DEVONSHIRE. cccxliii

is an altar-tomb with shields under a flat arch, apparently of the time of
Henry VIII., the spandrils and cornice enriched ; at the back, in rude
sculpture, is a bas relief of the resurrection. p

At Kentisbeare is an altar-tomb in memory of John Whiting, who
died in 1529, and Anne his wife ; and in the same church, on the east
wall, the figure, on a brass plate, of Mary, daughter of Sir Robert Wotton,
wife, first of Sir Henry Guldeford, and afterwards of Sir Gawen Carew ;
she died in 1558.

At Monkleigh is an altar-tomb, under a low flat arch, with ornaments
in the mixed style which prevailed at this period, in memory of John
Coffin, Esq., who died in 1566. At Pilton is a large handsome monument
of stone for Sir John Chichester, who died in 1569. In the chancel at
South Pool is the monument of Thomas Briant, rector ; an altar-tomb
under an obtuse arch, with the figure of an ecclesiastic under a Gothic
canopy. The arch is much enriched with Gothic tracery, and at the back
of it, in rude sculpture highly relieved, is a representation of the resur-
rection. p

At Tavistock is the monument of Sir John Glanville, one of the justices
of the Common Pleas, who died in 1600, with his effigies in his judge's
robes. In the south aisle of the chancel is a large monument of stone,
with the effigies of a knight in armour and his lady, in memory of Sir
John Fitz, of Fitzford (about the latter end of Elizabeth's reign : no
inscription). In the burial-place of the Bourchiers, on the south of
the chancel, among other monuments of later date, is that of Frances,
Lady Fitzwarren, daughter of Sir Thomas Kitson, who died in 15S6 ; it is
under a rich canopy, of several arches.

At Thornbury is a monument of the Edgecumbe family, apparently of
this century, with the effigies of a knight and his lady : he is in armour,
with his left hand on his breast, his right on his sword : she is in a long
robe, with ruff and collar. There are also three small figures, kneeling ;
two in armour, the other a female. At Woodleigh, in the chancel, is the
monument of Thomas Smyth, rector, resembling that of Thomas Briant,
at South Pool. At Yealmton is a slab with the figure, on a brass plate,
of a knight in plate armour, with a long sword. It has the following-
inscription : " Hie jacet. Johan Crokker quonda ciphorarhis ac signifer

p Tombs of this sort were used before the Reformation for the purpose of celebrating the
resurrection of Christ at the festival of Easter. See note 1, p. 420.

il/l/.s-

cccxliv DEVONSHIRE.

illustrissimi viri regis Edwardi quarti qui obiit ociii die Marcii Anno DnT
Milks", quingentesimo octavo."

There are many handsome monuments of the seventeenth century,
which are more particularly spoken of under the several parishes in which
they occur ; as of the Rolles at Bicton ; the Leaches at Cadleigh ; the
Giffards at Chittlehampton ; the Fulfords at Dunsford ; the Chichesters at
Eggesford ; Sir John Doderidge, &c. in Exeter cathedral ; Otho Peter at
Exminster ; the Bluetts at Holcombe Rogus ; the Aclands at Broad
Clist, and Landkey ; the Tremaynes at Lamerton ; the Harrises atLifton ;
Sir Thomas Wise at Maristow ; the Bampfyldes at North Molton, Polti-
more, and Tamerton Foliot ; the Drakes at Musbury ; the Strodes at
Plympton ; the Northcotes at Newton St. Cyres ; Sir R. Reynell at Wool-
borough, &c. &c. &c.

Monastic Remains.

The remains of monastic buildings in this county are inconsiderable.
There is a wall of Canonleigh priory, about 45 paces in length, and the
remains of an entrance-porch, which has been converted into a coach-
house. There are some remains of the priory church at Frithelstock, the
west end of which has three lancet-shaped windows. The chapel of Ford
abbey, built apparently in the early part of the twelfth century, has its
groined stone roof remaining, with an arch at each end slightly pointed,
and having chevron mouldings. The hall, cloisters, and entrance-tower,
are of the reign of Henry VIII., built by Thomas Chard, the last abbot.
Below the battlement of the tower is the following inscription : " An"
Dni millesimo quingesimo vic.m°. octa". A. D?io factum est Thoma Chard
Abb." Over the hall, below the battlements, are the unicorn, rose, and
crown, within the garter, with the dragon and dog as supporters. The
bay window over the door is much enriched with the arms of the abbey,
the initials T. C, and a mitre frequently repeated. Over the cloisters in
the quatrefoils are shields with a stag's head and crosier, the initials
T.C., &c.

The refectory and abbot's hall of Tavistock abbey remain, but in an
altered state, as mentioned in p. 474. The gate-house also remains, and
a building with turrets and pinnacles, now converted into a mill. In the
court, before the present abbey-house, is an arch, about nine feet high,

and

DEVONSHIRE. cccxlv

and nearly 13 in width, supported by short slender pillars with rich foliated
capitals, and within it several small trefoil-headed arches, in the style of
the early Gothic of the thirteenth century.

The only remains of Hartland abbey are some parts of the cloisters
with trefoil-shaped arches, now placed in the front of Mrs. Orchard's
house, and the following inscription in Lombardic capitals : " Istud :

qicadratum : claustrum : ci : edificatum : marmoreo : lapide : perfect:

sumptibus : ac : annis A... Abbatis : et : arte: Jo his : Exoyxie* : sit: ei :
gr:

There are some small remains of Polsloe nunnery in a farm-house built
on the site. The crypt of St. Nicholas's priory at Exeter, with massive
Saxon arches, remains in Mint lane, having been converted into a kitchen.
The walls of the priory may be traced to a considerable extent. The
steeple of the college at Slapton remains near the parish church. There
are considerable remains of the conventual church of Tor abbey, in the
garden of George Cary, Esq., particularly a fallen tower, in which is a
doorway with a semicircular arch ; there are fragments also of foliated
capitals. The refectory has been fitted up as a chapel. A large gateway,
not far from the dwelling-house, has two groined entrances. The four
great arches of the tower of the conventual church at Buckland, are
preserved in an upper room of the old mansion built on the abbey site.

Ancient Castles, and Sites of Castles, and Castellated Mansions.

The remains of Lidford castle, in which was formerly the prison of
the stannaries, are near the church. The castle, of which the walls are
standing, was a plain embattled building, about 48 feet square, with an
outwork on the north side of it, projecting forwards to the edge of a steep
precipice : there are no remains of the walls upon this outwork.

At Dartmouth are the remains of an ancient castle, and of a circular
tower called Paradise Fort. The walls of King's Weare castle are standing ;
and there are the ruins of a fort opposite Dartmouth castle.

What remains of Afton castle, some time the seat of the Aftons,
afterwards of the Stucleys, is a square embattled building with a small
tower at one corner ; the windows are of the later Gothic. Berry Pome-

i It is probable, that this was John of Exeter, who was treasurer of the cathedral at the end
of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century.

Vol. VI. x x roy

cccxlvi DEVONSHIRE.

roy castle, the seat of the Pomeroys, appears to have been a very large
mansion. It has an ancient gateway, with a round tower at one corner :
the arms of Pomeroy were, not many years ago, to be seen over the gate-
way. The greater part of the mansion, which stands on the brow of a
steep hill, among woody scenery, was probably built or altered by the
Seymours : it has large transom windows, in the style of the sixteenth
century. This mansion is in ruins and much overgrown with ivy.

Compton castle, the seat of the Comptons, and afterwards of the
Gilberts, is still standing, converted into a farm-house. There are small
remains of Gidley castle, the old seat of the Prous family : an apartment,
22 feet by 13, with remarkably thick walls, has a vaulted chamber under
it, with pointed arches. At Hemiock are considerable remains of the
castle, which was a seat of the Dynhams. The east entrance has a pointed
doorway, and there are remains of five of the towe/s, some of them covered
with ivy ; one of them is about 20 feet in height. An old moorstone
doorway, made use of in building the farm-house, was not part of the
castle, but brought from a distance.

At Exeter, Plympton, Oakhampton, and Tiverton, were castles, all
of which had belonged to the earls of Devonshire. Exeter and Tiverton
castles were dismantled as fortresses after the civil war. Plympton had
been destroyed at a much earlier period. The whole that remained
of Exeter castle was taken down about the year 1774, except a lofty
gateway, with circular and segment arches, rudely constructed, still to be
seen in the garden of Edmund Granger, Esq. At Plympton there
remains only some of the walls of the keep, the internal diameter of
which was 40 feet ; the walls were about eight feet and a half thick,
and, in some parts, they are now about 12 feet high. The vallum on the
west side of the castle is 100 paces from east to west, and about 67 from
north to south ; very high and deep. On the north side is a deep moat :
the vallum on the south side also is very deep. There are but small
remains of Oakhampton castle, which is about half a mile from the town
of that name. Part of the site of Tiverton castle is occupied by
a modern mansion. Within the site, at the south-west angle, is a
square tower, with Gothic windows. It is commonly called the chapel,
but has a fire-place. At the south-east angle is a small round tower, quite
perfect : on the east side a gateway, groined, in the style of the fourteenth
century, the outer arch pointed, and ornamented with roses. On the
other sides, the lower parts of the walls only are remaining.

Ancient

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Ancient Mansions.

Bradfield Hall, in the parish of Uffculme, the seat of the Walronds,
is a perfect ancient mansion, probably of the early part of the sixteenth
century. It consists of an irregular building in the centre, with two
wings very much projecting. The hall has a roof of five obtuse arches
of timber, with angels at the springings ; and a cornice enriched with
quatrefoils and other ornaments. The drawing-room which adjoins the
hall, has a pannelled ceiling, richly ornamented with pendents : it is
vvainscotted, and has pilasters, much enriched with carving : the dining
room has a similar pannelled ceiling. In the drawing-room, are the arms
of Walrond, and the alliances of that ancient family, with which the out-
side of the house also is decorated.

The hall at Buckland abbey-house was fitted up in 1576, with wains-
cotting, in the style which prevailed at that time. The drawing-room is
fitted up also with wainscotting in small pannels, and Corinthian pilasters.
The frieze, which enriched an ancient outside window, with three mullions
and tracery, is at one end of this room, and a similar one in an adjoining
passage.

At Chudleigh are several walls and arches which belonged to the
Bishop of Exeter's palace at that place. There are remains also of the
Bishop's palaces at Bishop's Tawton and Paignton.

Bradley, the seat of the Yardes, near Newton Bushell, is an ancient
mansion of the fifteenth century. u It originally formed a quadrangle,
but two of the sides have been taken down : the chapel and hall remain,
and the gateway. Collacombe, the old seat of the Tremaynes, is of the
Elizabethan age, with transom windows, one of which is 20 feet in height,
and contains 3200 panes of glass. One of the chimney-pieces bears the
date of 1574. The vicarage-house at Colyton was built by Thomas Brere-
wood, vicar, in 1529, as appears by an inscription over the door, with the
device of the vicar, a bundle of briers bound together, and the arms of
Bishop Voysey, who probably was a benefactor to the work. Over the
window of a sitting-room is this inscription : " Peditatis Mum, Mcditath
totum."

° Some parts of an older mansion appear to have been retained when this was built.

x x 2 Dartington

cccxlviii DEVONSHIRE.

Dartington hall, formerly the seat of the noble family of Holland,
appears to have been built in the reign of Richard II., whose cognizance
occurs in the porch. It consisted of two quadrangles : the outer quad-
rangle, 245 feet by 157, is nearly complete ; the north side is now occupied
by a barn and stables. The great hall, which, with its appendages,
separated the two quadrangles, is about 69 feet by 38 ; the height of the
side-walls 30 feet, of the roof 50 feet. The principal apartments, which
lay to the west of the hall, and formed the inner quadrangle, have been
taken down, except the western wall, with arched windows, which formed
part of a gallery, 100 feet in length.

The palace at Exeter is a very ancient structure ; the chapel appears to
have been built in the reign of Henry III. It is probable that the palace
was finished by Bishop Quivil, who had a licence for embattling it in 1290.
The spacious hall, which has been divided into several rooms, was probably
roofed by Bishop Grandisson, whose arms, with those of his brother-in-
law, William, Earl of Salisbury, were lately discovered painted on the
beams. The rich chimney-piece, erected by Bishop Courtenay, in the
reign of Edward IV., has been engraved for the Vetusta Monumenta,
published by the society of Antiquaries.

Eord House, near Newton Abbot, was built by Sir Richard Reynell, in
the reign of James I. Fulford House is a fine old mansion, built by Sir
John Fulford, about the middle of the sixteenth century. The great hall
is ornamented with carved work. At Mohun's Ottery, are some remains
of the mansion built in the reign of Henry VI., but the chapel and hall were
pulled down a few years ago. The door-way and some ancient windows still
remain. Morwell House, said to have been a country seat of the Abbots
of Tavistock, exhibits considerable remains of its original state. It is built
in a quadrangular form. Opposite to the porter's lodge, are the hall and
parlour ; from these projected the kitchen and offices, which have been
destroyed : on the east side is the chapel. At Pinhoe are some remains of
an ancient mansion, on an estate which belonged successively to the fami-
lies of Street and Cheney. Sydenham House, in Maristow, formerly a
seat of the Wise's, now occasionally the residence of J. H. Tremayne,
Esq., is an ancient structure of the early part of the seventeenth century,
occupying three sides of a quadrangle. Whiddon, in Chagford, formerly
the seat of the Whiddons, appears to be about the same age.

Camps

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DEVONSHIRE. cccxlix

Camps and Earthworks.

The numerous ancient encampments in this county have been by some
attributed wholly to the Romans ; whilst others have supposed, that they
were all of Saxon or of Danish origin. Both opinions are, perhaps, in
some degree erroneous, and it may be fairly supposed, that many of the
encampments were constructed by the Britons at that early period when
this island was divided into several petty kingdoms, inhabited by people
who were engaged in perpetual warfare with each other. Indeed, it has
been the avowed opinion of some antiquaries, that the chain of strong
posts on the eastern side of the county were constructed by the Damnonii
as a frontier defence against the Morini. The opinion which attributes
them all to the Danes is the least probable of any. Their invasions were
of a temporary and predatory nature ; they did not establish themselves
for any time in the county ; nor is there the least probability of their hav-
ing fortified the coast on the frontiers from the invasion of others. The
camp on Stoke-hill, near Exeter, which is semicircular, and 256 paces in
diameter, was, probably, the fortress of the Danes, spoken of in the Saxon
chronicle.

That some of the encampments were constructed by the Romans, can
scarcely be doubted ; that others were occupied by them is certain, from
the coins of that nation found in them ; particularly at Hembury-fort, and
Berry-head. We are not to conclude, indeed, that any of these fortresses
were not constructed by the Romans because they are not- of that form
which, when they had the choice of site, they are known to have adopted ;
when occupying a commanding height, they were obliged to adapt the
form of their encampment to that of the ground. There is no reason,
however, to suppose that this county was so much the scene of military
transactions during the Roman period, as to induce a belief, that many
of the camps and fortresses, of which vestiges now remain, are to
be assigned to that people. It is very probable, that they constructed
or occupied fortresses on or near the coast, as a defence against foreign
invasion. The most decided Roman camps, are those of Countesbury, on
the British channel; Bradbury castle, near Bratton Clovelly ; Berry castle,
in the parish of Witheridge ; and perhaps Shrewsbury, in the parish of
High Bray.

The principal fortresses in the eastern part of the county, are Membury,

Musbury,

cccl DEVONSHIRE.

Musbuiy, and Oxendown-hill, near Axmouth. These are within sight of
each other, and about three miles apart. Membury consists of a single
vallum, containing about two acres of ground. The camp at Musbury is
said to be of great extent, containing an area of about twenty acres, with
a double entrenchment nearly elliptical, following the form of the ground,
the vallum being a good deal levelled by frequent ploughing : it is at the
extremity of a ridge of hill, and was accessible only on the north.

At Widworthy, is an ancient entrenchment on the north-east side of
the highest hill in the parish : there is an ancient earthwork also near
the church, in a field called Castlewood.

Proceeding westward, we have Dumpton and Hembury forts ; Belbury
castle, commanding the vale of the Otter ; Blackbury near Southleigh ;
a camp near Seaton, called Honeyditches, an oblong square of about
three acres x ; and another on the hill above Sidbury. Dumpton fort, in
the parish of Luppit, is an irregular oval on the tongue of a ridge of
hill stretching out from Black-down : it has a double entrenchment on the
only accessible side ; the extreme length of the inner area is about 1000
feet ; the greatest breadth about 350. Hembury fort, which is nearly
similar in form to that of Dumpton, is entirely surrounded by a double
entrenchment ; the inner area is about 1150 feet in length, and about 400
wide in the widest part.

The fort at Sidbury has only a single entrenchment ; it is formed on the
narrow tongue of a ridge of hill, and is about 1400 feet in length, and not
quite 300 wide at its broadest end. Belbury is a small oval fort, with a
single trench, about 400 feet in length, and a little more than 200 wide,
and preserving the same width nearly through the whole of its length.

West of the Otter, are Woodbury castle ; the camps on Haldon and at
Ugbrook, on Milbourne-down ; a small camp near Newton ; that at Den-
bury ; another fort called Hembury, in the parish of Buckfastleigh ; a con-
siderable camp at Berry-head commanding Torbay ; the ancient fortress of
Stanborough castle, in the parish of Morleigh ; and a large camp at Black-
adon, in the parish of Loddiswell.

Woodbury castle, on the high down between the Otter and the Exe, is
a pretty regular oval, with a single vallum about 500 feet in length within
the rampart, and about 250 feet wide. There are some outworks con-
nected with this camp, and some tumuli near it. This ancient fortress was
occupied during the war with France by the park of artillery. The

* Stukely.

camp

DEVONSHIRE. cccli

camp on Little Haldon, in the parish of Ashcombe, is circular, and has a
single vallum, containing about an acre and a half of ground. The camp
near Oxton is nearly circular; about 160 yards by 120. There is another
on Sir Lawrence Palk's estate. The camp at Ugbrook, called Castle
Dyke, is an irregular oval ; its greatest length about 780 feet, its greatest
breadth about 5S0 : the camp on the hill above Newton is an oblong
square, with a triple ditch about 112 paces by 90. The camp on Milber-
down y, near Newton Abbot, is elliptical, with a triple ditch, containing
about six acres. The Prince of Orange stationed his park of artillery
within this camp after his landing at Torbay. z Denbury camp, about half
a mile from the church, is near oval, and is said to contain about eight
acres ; another account describes it as 200 paces from east to west, and ISO
from north to south : on the south and east is a double fosse of considerable
depth ; on the west and north little vestiges of any fosse. Hembury fort,
on the brow of Hembury hill, in the parish of Buckfastleigh, is somewhat
of a circular form, comprising nearly seven acres. At the north end is a
prcetorium 4>4> feet by 17. The ancient encampment at Berry-head was
constructed on a promontory projecting into Torbay : this fortress was
walled. It was probably constructed by the Romans soon after their con-
quest of this part of Britain. Roman coins were found there about the
year 1730.

Blackadon camp, in the parish of Loddiswell, is an irregular oval, the
extreme length being about 1000 feet; in the broadest part about 500:
the whole is said to contain about 11 acres. The keep at the north-west
corner is about ten feet higher than the vallum ; on the south and east of
it, the vallum is double and irregular. The ancient fortress at Stanborough,
which gives name to the hundred, is similar, but of smaller dimensions :
within the area is a large barrow, constructed of stones, some of which are
of large dimensions : near the fortress are three smaller barrows or kairns.

It may, perhaps, be considered as a confirmation of the conjecture before
noticed with respect to the frontiers of Dorsetshire, that there are no re-
mains whatever of such fortresses on the western side of the county on the
frontiers of Cornwall, which is known to have been inhabited by the same
tribe of Britons. The most remarkable fortress on the western coast, is
that of Dichenhills, or Clovelly dykes, about two miles from the British

i There is a small square earthwork at Haccombe in this neighbourhood
' Paper by P. J. Taylor, Esq. Archaeologia, vol. xix.

channel,

ccclii DEVONSHIRE.

channel, situated on very high ground, and commanding the only practic-
able coast road in the north-west of Devon. It has three great trenches
about 18 feet deep : the inner trench forms a regular parallelogram of
about 360 feet by 300. The second and third are of very irregular form,
the trenches being sometimes straight and sometimes curvilinear: the outer
one is about 12G0 feet in diameter. There are also some outworks. At what-
ever period this was originally constructed, there can be little doubt that it
was occupied and improved by the Romans, and that it was intended as
a defence against invaders from Ireland.

Near Appledore, are two fortresses call Hennaborough and Godborough,
about two furlongs apart, the latter being of small dimensions. Near Dad-
don also, are the remains of an encampment. About a mile and a half
north of Barnstaple, is a camp called Roborough. Half a mile from
Braunton, on a hill, is a camp called the Castle, containing about four
acres : on the north, which is the only accessible side, is a large vallum
with a fosse. In Berry Narber, about half a mile from the coast, on Mr.
Basset's estate, is a small circular work called the Castle. On Bratton-
down, in the parish of Bratton Fleming, is an ancient camp ; another, of
a square form, two miles to the east, in the parish of High Bray, called
Shorsberry, or Shrewsbury : in the parish of Paracombe, one called South
Stock ; Holwell castle, with a long entrenchment ; and another in the
parish of Linton, about a mile from the last mentioned, called Stock
castle. Dean Mills mentions a circular camp in the parish of Charles.

Among the principal inland camps and fortresses, may be mentioned
Cadbury, in the parish of that name ; Broadbury or Bradbury, between
Ashbury and Bratton Clovelly; and Romsdon, near Kelly. Cadbury
castle, as it is called, is of an oblong form of about .560 paces circumference ;
the vallum being from 25 to 30 feet high. The area, which is elevated
above the fosse by a slope of 20 feet, is about 100 paces from north to
south. Towards the south-east is a pit six feet deep and 12 feet wide. "
Bradbury lies about three miles from Bratton Clovelly church : it is a rec-
tangular oblong square, with a single vallum, and a fosse 25 feet wide,
measuring from north to south, within the vallum, 225 feet; and east to
west, 186 feet. Romsdon castle, which has a single vallum, is of an oval
form, 400 feet in length, and about 234 in width.

In a line from Exeter to Dartmoor, are the following strong posts. A

1 Polwhele.

small

DEVONSHIRE. ccdiii

small camp in the parish of Holcomb Burnell ; Cranbrook castle, near
Moreton Hampstead, an irregular encampment, containing about six or
seven acres, with a double ditch on the south, a single ditch on the west,
and none on the north and east ; and Prestonbury castle, on the brow of
a precipice over the Teign, with a vallum and a broad and deep fosse, on
the east side.

Nearly in a line from Exeter, through Crediton to Molton and Holland,
are several camps and posts — at Posbury hill, in Tedburn St. Mary, a
camp called Leathern Castle, in Colebrooke parish ; Berry castle, in "Wool-
fardisworthy, on the borders of Washford parish, a circular work containing
about two acres; another small post of the same name, of a square form, in
the parish of Witheridge, containing about two thirds of an acre; Wemwor-
thy and Winkleigh ; Burridge wood, in Chawleigh, a small post with a double
vallum, both together about 30 feet wide, circular, enclosing not more than
a quarter of an acre ; a camp on Beacon-down, at Chulmleigh, with several
barrows ; a post at Castle-down, near South Molton ; and another on the
summit of a high hill near North Molton. The Bishop of Cloyne mentions
two encampments near Holland Bottreaux. a

At Stoodley-beacon is a circular entrenchment containing about half an
acre: in the parish of Shebbeare is an ancient earth-work called Durpleigh
castle. b

On Uffculme-downe is a singular small earthwork, about 20 paces square,
called the Pixy-garden, formed with banks about two feet high, divided into
four compartments like a parterre, and in the middle of each of the di-
visions an oval raised bank : the square is open at the corners. There is
a large kairn, called Simonsborough, at the northern extremity of the
parish of Hemiock. There are many barrows on Haldon, and in other
parts of the county : those near some of the principal camps have been
already spoken of.

Mr. Chappie mentions numerous pits on the summit of Blackdown,
about three feet deep, commonly called iron pits, which he supposes to
have been as ancient as Hembury fort, and to have been made by the
soldiers. These pits have been supposed by some antiquaries to have been
a British town.

a See p. ccexxi. b Risdon.

Vol. VI. y y Local

cccliv DEVONSHIRE.

Local Customs.

In most parts of the cyder-district a custom still prevails, of what was
called in ancient times "wassailing1 the apple-trees." This custom was
accompanied by the superstitious belief; in the words of an old poet,

" That more or less fruit they will bring,
As you do give them wassailing." c

This ceremony at some places is performed on Christmas-eve; in others, on
Twelfth-day eve. It consists in drinking a health to one of the apple-trees,
with wishes for its good bearing, which generally turns out successful, as
the best bearing tree in the orchard is selected for the purpose. It is at-
tended with singing some verses applicable to the occasion ; beginning,
" Health to thee, good apple-tree." The potation consists of cyder, in
which is put roasted apples or toast : when all have drank, the remainder
of the contents of the bowl are sprinkled over the apple-tree. The old
Saxon term "wassail,"" which is well known to imply drinking of health, is
thus defined in the glossary to the Exmoor dialect : " A drinking-song
sung on Twelfth-day eve, throwing toast to the apple-trees in order to have
a fruitful year, which seems to be a relic of the heathen sacrifice to
Pomona."

The circumstances attending the reaping of wheat in Devonshire, and the
harvest-home, are I believe peculiar to the western counties. The custom
of almost the whole population of a village flocking voluntarily and gra-
tuitously to the reaping of the farmer's wheat was almost universal in this
county, although the practice of hiring reapers for the purpose has been
gaining ground of late years, being a much less expensive mode ; for though
not paid, these volunteer-reapers are entertained at a much greater
expense than their hire would cost ; and the whole of the wheat-harvest
appeal's, by Vancouver's description, to be a scene of noisy mirth, and
intemperance. He says, that " when all the wheat in a field has been
reaped and bound, a small sheaf is put at the top of one of the ridges,
when the reapers, retiring to a certain distance, eacli throws his reap-
hook at it, until one more fortunate, or less inebriated than the rest,

' Herrick's Hesperides.

d In some parts of the county they now call it watsail, and apply it to the drinking.

strikes

DEVONSHIRE. ccclv

strikes it down, when the whole company join for a length of time in
shouts of " We ha un, we ha un !"

It has been mentioned in the History of Cornwall, that at the conclusion
of the harvest in the neighbourhood of Truro, the last handful of corn is
tied up, adorned with flowers, and carried about by the reapers, &c, shout-
ing, " A neck, a neck !" Mr. Brand relates, on the authority of the clergy-
man of Werrington, in Devon, (being on the borders of the north of
Cornwall,) that the last ears of corn are tied up into a curious figure,
which they call " a knack :" this is brought home with great acclama-
tions, the labourers shouting, " A knack, a knack, well cut, well bound, well
shock'd !" &c. ; it is then hung over the table in the farmer's house, and
kept till the next year ; its owner preserving it with the greatest care, and
refusing on any account to part with it.

The yule or Christmas-log, is still burnt on Christmas-eve in some parts
of the county ; in others, they have a custom of burning, on Christmas-
eve, a large fagot of green ash. Mummers go about at the Christmas-season,
in some parts of the county, acting a kind of rude drama, on the subject of
the exploits of St. George.

Wrestling, is still a favourite gymnastic diversion in the north of Devon,
in the neighbourhood of Plymouth, and on the borders of Cornwall.

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Full text of "Magna Britannia; : being a concise topographical account of the several counties of Great Britain."

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