iMl^fK.SIJ.yMT.lf PySLIC LIBRAR
3 1833 01759 7953
GENEALOGY
942.0003
IM73,
L-M
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
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' ' ',' :'■ fi .r. — 7^
THE
IMPERIAL GAZETTEER
OF
ENGLAND AND WALES;
EMBRACING RECENT CILVKGES IN COUNTIES, DIOCESES, PARISHES, AND BOROUGHS: GESERAL
STATISTICS: POSTAL ARRANGEJ^IENTS : RAILWAY SYSTEMS, &C.;
AND FORMING
A COMPLETE DESCEIPTION OF THE COUNTRY.
BY
JOHN MARIUS WILSON,
ACTHOB OF TOPOGRAPHICAL CAZETTEF.RS OF IRU-VNI) A^D SCOTLAJTU,
SCOTTISH GUIDE, &C., &C.
y
^.
r. VOL. lY.
LEESCOURT— MO LTNTON.
GENEALOG'CAL SOClIIlY
OF LVT=P-DAv"Ss:S:T5 -
■^<'
^"^ "^ A. FlILLARTOX & CO.,
EDINDUKGH, GLASGOW, LONDON, DUBLIN.
AND NEW YORK.
prom t^.* F.'^ W
History Ubrftry
THE
IMPERIAL GAZETTEER
OF
■:. ^H"
ENGLAND AND WALES.
The si^n * denotes that there is a habitable glebe-house, + that there is a money-order office, i that there aie ;
" money-order office and a savings' bank.
LEESCOURT.
LEGH (High).
"■ LEE-ST.-JOHN. See John-Lee (St.). -
LEESCOURT, a seat in Sheldwick parish, Kent; 4
jailes S of Faversham. It belonged to the family of
Atte-Lese, one of whom was Sir George the loyalist ; it
passed to the Nortons; and it now belongs to Lord
Sondes. The present mansion is in the Grecian style,
was erected by luigo Jones, and stands in a large park.
LEE-SCAR-ROCKS, a skerry off the coast of Cumber-
land; at the mouth of the Solway frith, 5 miles N of Al-
lonby. A lighthouse was erected here in 1811; and has
a fixed light, at a height of 25 feet.
LEESE, a township in Sandbach parish, Cheshire;
near the river Dane, 2i miles NE of Middlewich. Acres,
3S6. Real property, £1,069. Pop., 121. Houses, 24.
The property belongs chiefly to Sir Charles P. Shakerley,
Bart., and J. France, Esq.
LEESE, Lancashire. See Leece.
LEESFIELD, a parochial chapelry in Prestwich and
.Vshton-under-Lyne parishes, Lancashire; containing the
post-office village of Lees, and including a portion of Old-
ham borough. It was constituted in 1845. Pop. in
1861, 5,358. Houses, 1,066. Pop. of the Prestwieh
portion, 1,902. Houses, 374. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of Manchester. Value, £300. Patron,
alternately the Crown and the Bishop. The church was
built in 1848, at a cost of £5,200; is in the later English
style; and has a fine tower. There are chapels for New
Connexion ilethodists, Primitive Methodists, and Bre-
thren. There are also national schools and a large Bri-
tbh school; and the former were built shortly before
1865, at a cost of £1,500.
LEESTHORPE, a hamlet in Pickwell parish, Leices-
ter; 4^ miles S-E of ilelton-Mowbray. Fop., 53. Lees-
thorpe House is the seat of A. Smith, Esq.
LEESWOOD, a township in iitold parish, Flint; 2
miles SE of Mold. It contains the hamlets of Llong and
Pontblyddyn. Real property, £9,585; of which £5,000
are in mines, and £1,000 in iron-works. Pop. iu 1851,
741; in 1861, 1,190. Houses, 239. The iacrease of
pop. arose mainly from the opening of new collieries. A
seat of the Wvnnes was here.
LEE-TOWN. See Lee, Bucks. - -
LEE-WAKD, a township in Rothbury parish, North-
umbcrlaud; -3 miles SE of Rothbury. Acres, 1,793.
Pop., 86. Houses, 23. The manor belongs to the Duke
of Northumberland. "Much of the .surface i.i open moor.
LEE (White), a hamlet in Batlev townsliip and par-
ish,' W. R. Yorkshire; 2 mil'^s NE of Dewsbury.
LEE-WITH-OAKLEY. See Bishoi'sC.vstlk.
LEFTWICII, a township in Davenham parish, Che-
•shire; on the river Dane, and extending 14 mile S of
Northwich. Acres, 972. Real property, £8,147. Pop.,
2,627. IIuLues, 559. The manor belonjjed anciently
to the Vernons, as part of the barony of Shipbrook;
passed to the Wilbrahams and the De Winningtons; and
belongs now to John H. Harper, Esq. of Davenham Hall.
Leftwich Old Hall is now occupied by T. Deun, Esq. ;
and Brockhurst Hall is the seat of W. Worthington, Esq.
Salt is extensively manufactured; and the building of
boats and flats is largely carried on. Danebridge
church, national schools, an infant school, and North-
wich workhouse are here. The chnrch was built in 1 8 19,
atacostof£2,300; and is in the early English style. The-
national schools are a brick building and have capacity
for about 120 scholars. The workhouse, at the census
of 1861, had 110 inmates.
LEGBERTHWAlTE, the vale of Thivlmere -water, in
Cumberland; commencing immediately N of Dunmail-
Raise, at the boundary with 'Westmoreland, and extend-
ing 44 miles northward to the liead of the vale of
St. John. It is flanked, on the E, by Helvellyn, Wliite-
aide, and Watson Dodd; on the W, by Dalehead Foil,
Armboth Fells, and High Seat. Its scenery is mostly
identical with that of Thirlmere-water; but includes, at
the foot, a grand vista-view northward, closed by Sad-
dleback.
LEGBOURNE, a village and a parish in Louth dis-
trict, Lincoln. The village stands near the East Lincoln
railway, 3 miles SE of Louth; and has a station on the
railway. The parish comprises 1,910 acres. Post-town,
Louth. Real property, £3,922. Pop., 512. Houses,
122. The property is subdivided. The manor belongs
to John L. Fytche, Esq. A neat modern mansion, called
the Abbey, occupies the site of a Cistertian nunnery
which was founded by Robert Fitz-Gilbert, before the-
time of King John, and which has left no vestiges. Ken-,
wick House is the seat of H. R. AUenby, Esq. The
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Lincoln. Value,
£250.* Patron, J. L. Fytche, Esq. The church consists
of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a tower; and is plain
but good. There are chapels for Wesleyans, Primitive
Methodists, and IT. Free Methodists, and a handsome
recent national school.
LEGECE.VSTER. See Chester.
LEGESBY. See Leosbit.
LEGH (High), a village and a township-chapelry in
llostluirne parish,, Clieshire. The village stands 3', niile>
S of Heatley and Waiburton i: station, and 5 NW of
Knutsford; is a scattered place; and has a post-otfioc
under Knutsford. The chapelry comprises 4,2.37 BlTp.i.
Real property, £3,359. Pop., 1,004. Houses, 175.
The propi;rty is divided among time. High Legh Hall
is the .seat of G^sorge C. Legh, Esq.; and West 'Halt is
the seat of Mujor Egerton Leigh. Much attention is
given to the dairy, the living is a p. curacy in the dio-
cese of Chester. Value, £250. Patron, E. Leigh, Esq..
LEGSBY.
LEICESTER.
The clmrch was built in 1815; superseded a previous edi-
fice of 1404; and is a neat stone structure. A domestic
cliapel, erected in 15S1, stands on the grounds of High
Legh Hall. There are a national school, and charities £5.
LEGIOLIUM. See Castleford.
LEGSBY, a parish in Caistor district, Lincoln; 3 miles
NE of Wickenhy r. station, and S\ SE of Market-Rasea.
It contains the hamlets of Bleasby and CoUow; and its
post-town is Wragby. Acres, 2,886. Real property,
£2,796. Pop., 365. Houses, 70. The-manor belongs to
ilre. Sutton. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of Lincoln. Value, £'J.21. Patron, Mrs. Sutton.
The church is a plain building. There are chapels for
Weslcyans and United Free Methodists, and a national
school.
LEICESTER, — ^popularly Lester, — a town, six par-
ishes, two sub-districts, and a district in Leicestershire.
The town stands on the river Soar, on the Via Devana,
and on the Fosse way, at a convergence of railways, 22
miles S of Nottingham, and 96 by road, but 103 by rail-
way, NNW of London. The river Soar and the Union
canal give it a valuable amount of water conveyance ;
and the Midland railway, the Leicester and Hitchin rail-
way, the Leicester and Swannington railway, the Junc-
tion railway to Burton-on-Trent, connecting the ilid-
land and the Swannington lines, and the Leicester and
Nuneaton railway, going into junction with the entire
system of the Northwestern railway, give it communica-
tion with all parts of England.
History. — Leicester was known to tho ancient Britons
as Caer-Leirion or Caer-Loideot; to the Saxons as Leir-
ceastre or Legraceaster; and to the Normans, at Domes-
day, as Ledecester. It dates from very early times; is
supposed to have been a town prior to tlie landing of
Julius Caesar; and has been alleged, but without author-
ity of either record or monument, to have been built by
King Lear, about 800 years before the Christian era.
Its ancient Britain name, Caer-Leirion, does not neces-
sarily assume the existence of such a king, but may have
been taken from the river Soar, wliich was anciently"
called the Leire. That name would thus signify the
castle or fortified place of the Leire ; and the Saxon or
Norman names Leiiceastre and Ledecester, which time
has softened into Leicester, are only the same name in
another form. The town was the capital of the ancient
British Coritani; and it became an important station of
the Romans, supposed to be the Rat.'e of Antoninus.
Numerous coins, urns, implements, weapons, fragments
of pottery, tesselated pavements, and other relics of the
Romans, have been found. A Roman milestone, with
rudely-carved letters intimating it to be of the time of
Hadrian, was foumi, in 1771, on the side of the Fosse
way, about 2 miles N of the to\vn, and was placed on a
pedestal in Belgrave-gate, and afterwards removed to
the town museum. A fine specimen of tesselated pave-
ment was discovered, in 1830, in a cellar in Jewry- Wall-
street, and may still be seen there. The Jevrry-Wall, in
St. Nicholas-street, though deriving its name from the
supposed contiguity to it of the isolated residence of
Jews in the middle ages, is believed, by competent
judges, from the character of its masonrj' and architecture,
to have formed part of a Roman bath or basUioa. A
moulded and carved stone, 4^ feet long, 2} feet wide, and
2 feet deep, believed to have been a Roman sacrificial
altar, was found, in the autumn of 1SG2, at a^depth of
about 9 feet from the surface, iu the preparing of founda-
tions for new buddings in Soutligate-street.
The kings of Jlercia treated Leicester as one of their
. principal towns. The see of Jlercia was di\'ided, in the
latter part of the 7th centurj", into seven bishoprics ;
.and the seat of one of these was placed at Leicester, and
continued here till 874, when it was transferred to Dor-
chester, in Oxfordshire. The diocese of Lincoln eventu-
ally absorbed that see ; and it continued to include Lei-
cester till the re-arranging of dioceses in 1837. The
town w.is stormed by Etiielfrid, King of Northumbria;
was captured, in 886, by the Danes; was regained, in
901, by Etlieldred, King of ilercia ; v.-as afterwards re-
captured by the Danes; and was re-taken, in 1016, by
Edmund Ironside. A mint was here in the time of
Athelstan, and continued to exist, and to issue coins, till
the time of Henry II. Six cTiurches were here at Domes-
day. Some castle or fortress, in continuation of the an-
cient British and the Roman fortifications, most prob.ibly
existed in the Saxon times; and this was restored and en-
larged, or a new one was built, either by William the Con-
queror, or by Hugo de Grentemaisnel, to whom the Con-
queror gave the manor. The castle was battered by Wil-
liam Rufus ; was restored by Robert de Bellomont, the first
Earl of Leicester, in the time of Henry I. ; was destroyed
by Henry II.; passed to Fitz-Pamel, the Montforts, and
Henry, Earl of Lancaster; was restored, with much
splendour, by the Earl of Lancaster and the tn'o suc-
ceeding dukes; was afterwards suffered to go silently to
decay and ruin; went, -with the earldom and duchy of
Leicester, in the time of Henry IV., to the Crown; had
become so dilapidated in the time of Richard III., that
that monarch, on the night previous to the battle of
Bosworth, chose to sleep, with his suite, at the Blue
Boar inn, rather than occupy its time-worn halls; fell
afterwards into such extreme ruin that orders were
issued, in 1633, to the sheritf " to take down the old
pieces of our castle at Leicester, to repair the castle-
house, wherein our records of the honour of Leicester do
remain;" seems to have, at that time, undergone consi-
derable restorarion; was stormed and dismantled, iu 1645,
by Charles I. ; acquired a new front in the time of George
I. ; and is now rei)resented by only an artificial mound and
some fragments of ancient masoniy. These fragments,
however, while showing the latest front, include two
windows with such vestiges of zig-zag moulding in their
arches as prove their Norman origin, and lis tlieir date
at a time oetween 1100 and 1200. St Marj-'s church,
also, which no doubt was originally used as the cliurch of
the castle, includes, in its oldest portion at the W end,
a. Norman arcade of prol>ably about 1100.
The White Boar inn, at which Richard III. slept on the
night previous to the battle of Bosworth, stood in High
Cross-street, at the comer of Red Cross-street; and was
taken down about 1829. Richard, on the following morn-
ing, sallied forth at the head of his troops : and his man-
gled corjise, on the evening of the same day, was brought
back to the town, placed for two d.iys at the to^vn-hall,
buried afterwards in the church of the Grey Friars, and
soon exhumed by a mob, and tlu'own over the Bow-bridge
into the Soar. A factory now stands on the site of the
Grey Friars church; and an inscription has been placed
on it, at the end of Bow-bridge, to indicate the spot
where the cori)se is supposed to have been interred.
Bones of a human skeleton were recently found in the
river at the bridge, and have been supposed, by some
local antiquaries, to be those of Richard; but they neither
correspond in character with tlie time of life at which he
died, nor show any appearance of stroke or fracture such
as might be expected from the account of Richard's
body, that it was "hacked to pieces." The wooden
bedstead in which Richard slept at the Blue Boar was
removed to Rothley Temple ; and his stone coffin was,
for two .centuries, used as a trough at the ^Vhite Horse
inn. Plague raged in the town in 1301, and carried off
Henry of Lancaster as a victim. Richard II. was here
in 1390. Henry V. held here, in 1414, a parliament
wliich enacted death against the Wickliffites. Parlia-
ments were held here also in 1426 and 1450.- Edward
IV. was here in 1463-4. Richard III. was here iu 14S3,
as well as at the time of the battle of Bosworth. Queen
Anne of Denmark was here in 1603. The plague raged
again in 1610-11. James I. was here in 1612, 16)4, and
1616. Charles I. besieged the town, and took it by
storm, in 1645; and the parliamentary forces, under Sir
Thomas Fairfax, retook it in the same year. — Tlie title
of Earl of Leicester was given, by Elizabeth, to lier
favourite Dudley; aud was revived in 1837, and given
then to Thomas William Coke, Esq. Cardinnl Wulsey,
when travelling to London as a prisoner under charge of
high treason, was lodged in Leicesterabbey, and was in
so sick a condition that he took immediately to bed
there, and died in three days. — William and Robert of
LEICESTER,
LEICESTER
Leicester, Seaman the nonconformist, Simpson the bibli-
cal critic, Tliirby the editor of "Justin JNIartyv," and
Dr. Fanner the aiitiiiuary, who wrote a famous " Essay
on the Learning of Shakespeare, " were natives.
Streets and O'ftsk-iiis. — The principal .streets intersect
one another at right angles, and are spacious, well built,
and well paved. Tiie new-streets are uumerous, and are
laid out on the most approved sanitary plans; while the
old streets have been much improved by the re-erection
of houses, but are wanting in good sanitary conditions.
The extension of the town, in recent years, has been both
great and beautifuL A well-informed notice of IS'Jy,
says, "Palatial factories and warehouses have sprang up
in different parts of the town; green fields have been
broken up, and hundi'cds of dwelling-houses have been
built upon them, within a few years; while hundreds of
othei-s are now in the course of erection, and, as fast as,
and in many instances before, they are finished, become
tenanted. A new town-hall, a new Unitarian meeting-
house, two new churches, an extensive brewery, and a
large biuldiug for a banking establishment, are in con-
templation, and, no doubt, will in a short time be com-
menced. There is to be a new post-office; the goods sta-
tion of the Midland Railway company, and the county
police-offices are immediately to be enlarged; and some
thousands of tons of stone from Bath and other distant
places annually find their way to the railway wharf.
Building-ground in the vicinity of the railway station,
■which thirty years ago, e.xchanged hands at lOd. per
supei-ficial yard, has, within the last two years, been
again sold at a fraction less than 20s. per yard. " ilany
of the factories and warehouses are really large and ornate
enough to be hyperbolically called palatial; and one,
erected in 1865, for the ilessrs. Corah, occupies a space
of four acres, including recreation-grounds for the ■work-
people, and is four stories high, with a Derbyshire stone
basement, stone architraves round the ■n-indows, stone
quoins to the angles, and a cantilever stone cornice, sur-
jnounted by a colossal figure of Commerce in Box Bath
stone.
A beautiful public walk, called the x^ew walk, lies
southeast of the town; is upwards of half a mile long;
consists of a well-arranged avenue of trees, flanked by
Jieat houses and tasteful gardeus; is a fivshionable piro-
luentide; and commands, at the further cud, a fine view
of the surrounding luxuriant country and neighbouring
liills. A tract of 124 acres, part of an extensive common
enclosed in 1S14, and lyin" in St. Maiy's parish, was re-
served for the freemen of the town, to be used as pastur-
age; and 9.5 acres of this were set apart in 1S45 for aUot-
mcut or garden ground; and were afterwards enlarged
by a purchased addition of 28 acres. A tract in Bel-
gi-ave-road was formerly a common pasturage for St.
JIargaret's parish; and is now let out in gardens, the
rents of which are applied to the support of equally the
Church of England and the dissenting schools. A right
of pasturage over the Abbey meadows is enjoyed by the
inhabitants of St. Margaret's parish, from 12 Aug. tiU 2
Dec. A race-course, occupying nearly 70 acres, and
opened in 1806, lies a little S of the town; and races,
patronized by the Duke of Rutland and other noblemen,
are held on it in September.
Public EuildcHys. — The market-place forms an area
of about 4 acres; and has a bronze statue of the late
Duke of Rutland, erected by subscription. Tlie old town
liall w.as enlarged in the time of Elizabeth; and was opened
by a banquet, to celebrate the victor)' over the Spanish
Armada. "The as.=embly rooms were built in 1836-7,
after designs by Flint ; wore originally intended for a
colfce-room and tavern; ivere purchased by the county,
and converted to county purpo.ses; and are used as tlie
judges' lodgings at the assizes. The assize-hall was once
the tastlo-hall, where the Earb and Dukes held their
<-ourt; and it measures 78 feet in length, 51 feet in
width, aad 24 feet in height, and has oalc pillars. The
county jail stands on rising ground on the 6 side of the
towii ; was built after dtsigiis by Parsons; presents some
resemblance to a baronial castle; has turrets on the
boundary-walls, a portcullis at the entrance, and towers
at the sides; stands within a walled enclosure of more
than tliree acres; and has capacity for 2S6 male and 30
female prisoners. Tlie borough jail stands in Iligh-
Cross-street, and has capacity for 106 male and 22 female
prisoners. Tlie public librar}' and uew.s-rooni stands at
the corner of Belvoir-street and Granby-street; forms a
conjoint structure with the assembly-rooms; is in the
Ionic style, after the model of the Minerva Polias at
Athens; and contains many valuable old books, and some
manuscripts. The Temperance hall, in Grauby-street, is
a very fine edifice; and contains a library, reading-rooms,
and a hall capable of accommodating 1,600 persons. The
j^ew hall, at the top of Wellington-street, is handsome
and commodious. The town museum, in the New walk,
is a handsome building; contains an interesting collec-
tion of antiquities, including Roman ones found in the
to^wn and its vicinity ; and is free to the public through-
out the year, excepting on Fridays. The mechanics' in-
stitute contains a libraiy of nearly 4,000 volumes. The
theatre stands in Horsefair-street; was built in 1 837, after
designs by Beazley; possesses considerable ornament,
both exteriorly and interiorly; and is open nine months
in the year. The market-house and corn-exchange, in
the market-place, was erected in 1852, on the site of some
very old buildings then removed ; and is spacious and
well-airanged. A new entrance into the market-place
was made from Gallowtree-gate; bears the name of Vic-
toria parade; and is a very great improvement. The cattle-
market was considerably enlarged in 1849. The Albion
tepid baths, in the New walk, are on a large scale, and
on an improved plan; have supply of ■water, by steam-
power, from a pure spring 90 fee^t deep; include a plung-
ing bath upwards of 4,200 feet Li superficies, a private
swimming bath, and hot, vapour, and shower baths; and,
in consideration of £100 a-year paid by the corporation,
are open to the public at a charge of Id. The militia
baiTacks, in the Isewarke, are a handsome range of build-
ing. Five bridges, besides the railway ones, span the Soar.
A commodious railway station, for the llidland railway
and its connexions, is at the SE point of the town; and
another station, for the Leicester and Swannington, is
at the N end.
Parishes, d-c. — The borough contains the parishes of
All Saints, St. Martin, St." Nicholas, St. Mary, St.
Leonard-with-Abbeygate-and-Woodgate, and the greater
part of St. Jfargaret; the chapelries of Trinity, St
Andrew, St. George, Christchurch, and St. John ; the
liberties of Castle- View and Newark; and the extra-
parochial places of Blackfiiars and Whitefriars. The ex-
cluded part of St. Margaret's parish is Knighton chapelry,
and lieswithin Dlabydistrict. The chapelries are included
in the parishes an 1 extra-parochial places, chiefly in St.
Margaret's parish; and those of St. George, Christchurch,
St. John, and St. Andrew, were constituted in respec-
tively 1828, 1839, 1854, and 1861. Pop. in 1861. of All
Saints parish, 5,945; of St. Martin, 2,778; of St.
Nicholas, 1,662; of St. Mary, 13,264; of St. Leonard-
■with- Abbey gate-and-Woodgate, 441; of the part of St.
Margaret within the borough, 41,194; of all St. Margaret,
41, 8:55 ; of Castle View liberty, 139; of Newark libert}',
1,341; of Blackfriars, 1,173; of Whitefriars, 119. The
livings of All Saints,. St. Martin, St. Mary, St. Nicholas,
St. Leonard, and St. Margaret are ■vicarages, and those of
Trinity, St. Andrew, St. George, Christchurch, and St. •
John are p. curacies, in the diocese of Peterborough.
Tlie li™ig of All. Saints is united with that of St.,
Leonard ; and the living of St. Margaret is united with
the chapeli-y of Kitighton. Value of All Saints-with-
St. Leonards, -£120;* of St. iMartin, £140;* of St. Maiy,
£221 ;» of St. Nicholas, £150; of St. Margaret-with-
Knighton. £380; of Trinity, £550; of St. George, £3u0;
of Cliristchurch, £300;* of St. Andrew and of St. John,
not reported. Patron of All Saints, St. JLirtin, St.
Miu-y, and St. Nl?holas, the Lord Chancellor; of St.
iVfargaret and St. George, the Prebendary of Lincoln; of
Trinity, T. Frewen, Esq. ; of St. Andrew and St. John,
the Bishop of Peterborough; of Christchurch, Trustees.
LEICESTER.
LEICESTER.
Churches.— The places of worship within the borough
in 186«, besides 3 in course of erection, were 10 of the
Church of England. 5 of Independents, 12 of Baptists. 1
of Calvanists, 1 of Quakers, 4 of Wesleyans, 8 ot Primi-
tive Methodists, 1 of New Connexion Methodists, 1 of
0. Free Methodists, 1 of Unitarians, 1 of Irvuigites, and
1 of Roman Catholics. Those in 1851, according to the
census, were 9 of the Church of England, with 8,823
sittings; 3 of Independents, with 2,634 s.; 5 of Par-
ticular Baptists, with 3,214 s.; 5 of General Baptists,
with 3,429 s. ; 1 of Quakers, with 2S0 s. ; 1 of Unitarians,
with 470 s.; 2 of Wesleyan Methodists, with 1,572 s.; 3
of Primitive Methodists, with 1,121 s.; 1 of the Wes-
leyan Association, with 760 s. ; 1 of Independent Me-
thodists, with 250 s. ; 1 of Wesleyan Relormers, ^vith
1,050 s. ; 1 of an isolated congregation, with 600 s. ; 1 of
Latter Day Saints, with 250 s.; and 1 of Roman Catholics,
with 550 s. ^ • 1
All Saints church stands in High Cross-street; is early
En<^lish, with a tine W Norman door; consists of nave,
aisfes, and chancel, with a tower; contains a richly
carved pulpit, an early English font, and an old chest;
and belonged formerly to Leicester abbey. St. jMartin's
church stands in Townhall-lane; is cruciform, partly
Norman, and very spacious; ha^a recently rebuilt tower,
in the early English stjde, 106 feet high, and designed
to be surmounted with a spire 94 feet high; undenvent
restoration during several years till 1865; had anciently
two guilds and chapels, with a hobby-horse used on St.
Georges day; was converted into abaixack by the parlia-
mentarian soldiers during the civil war; and is the Arch-
deacon of Leicester's church, and attended by the judges
of assize. St. lilarv's church stands near the castle, on
the S of the Newar'ke; is mainly early English, rebuilt by
De £ellomont, on the site of a previous church; retains, as
already noticed, a Norman arcade of the previous^pile;
underwent restoration during several yeai-s till 1861, at
a cost of £7,000; has a beautiful lofty crocketted spire;
contains a finely-carved pulpit, finely-carved sedilia, a
Norman piscina, a monument to Robinson, the author
of "Scripture Characters," and a memorial window
to the Rev. John Brown, late vicar. St. Nicholas'
church stands in St. Nicholas-square, adjoining a con-
siderable fragment of the Jewry Wall; is early Nor-
man, with a square tower; and was repaired in 1830,
yet presents a patched appearance. St. Leonard's church
was destroyed in the civil wars, and not afterwards
rebuilt; but its churchyard continued to be in use.
Several other old churches also have been demolished;
and the very sites of some of them are not now known.
St. Margaret's church stands in a spacious churchyard, at
the junction of Cliurch-gate and Sanvey-gate; is in the
early and the later Engli.sh styles; consists of nave,
aisles, and chancel, with S porch and lofty tower; and
contains a handsome oak screen, a piscina, seddia, a richly-
carved font, and monuments of Bishop Penny and Lord
RoUu. Trinity church stands in Re,^ent-street; was
built in 1838, and enlarged in 1855; and contains 1,375
sittings St. Andrew's church stands in Jarrora-street;
was btiiit in 18G2, at acostof about£5,000;iscruciform
in a variuty of the first pointed style, of red brick, banded
bv bricks of other colours; has a bell-turret 80 feet high;
and contains 960 sittings. St. George's church stands in
Rutland-street; was buUt in 1826, at a cost of nearly
£16 000; is in the decorated English style; has a tower
aud'spire 170 feet high, strack by lightning in 1846, and
restored in 1350; contains a font of 1865, with richly-
ornate spiral oak cover, in memorial of the late R.
15arnaby, "who was incumbent for 37 years; ?nd has
1,800 sittings. St. John's church stands at the junction
of Ashwell-street and South Albion-.street; was built in
1855, at a cost of about £7,000; is cruciform, in the
bt\'le'of the 14th century; has a tower and lofty spire;
and contains 1,000 sittings. St. Matthew's churcn
stands in Chester-street; was in the course of erection in
1866; is in the style ofthe Hthceiitur}'; consists oi nave,
aisles, and chancel, with SE tower and spire 225 feet
high; and was designed to contain 1,100 siltuigs.
The Independent chapel in Oxford-street was built in
lSo4, at a cost of upwards of £4,O00; is in the Lombar-
dic style, of brick and stone; and measiues 74 feet in
length, 50 in width, and 30 in height. The Independent
chapel in Bond-street was enlarged in 1865. One of the
Baptist chapels had for some time, as a minister, the
distinguished Robert Hall. The Baptist chapel in Vic-
toria-road, formerly called Occupation-road, was founded
in the autumn of 1865; was estimated to co.st £7,000,
which would bo defrayed almost wholly by the congre-
gations of Belvoir-street and Charles-street chapels; is
in the pointed style, with a spire 150 feet high: and was
desi<med to contain about 1,100 sittings. The "Wesleyau
chapel in Humberstone-road, was built in 1863, at a cojt
of £2,500; is in the pointed style, of brick with stono
bands and dressings; and contains 850 sittings. A num-
ber of the other dissenting chapels are large and hand-
some. The general cemetery is on a commanding emi-
nence, a little S of the town; was opened m 1849; com-
prises an area of 25 acres; and is beautifully laid out.
Ancie)it ilonasferies. — A collegiate church of prebends
iutra castnim stood in Leicester before the Conquest; was
destroyed in the wars connected with the Conquest; was
rebuilt, in 1107, by Robert, Earl of Mellent and Leicester,
for a dean and twelve prebendaries; was very greatly im-
poverished by Robert Bossu, Earl of Leicester, through
alienation of the greater part of its lands and tvtlies to a
new abbey founded by him; continued, nevertheless, tt>
have a dean and seven prebendaries; bore then the name
of the college of St. Mary-the-Less; and had, at the dis-
solution, a clear revenue of upwards of £23. The new
abbey founded by Robert Bossu, was founded in 1143, in
what is now the extra-parochial tnn:t of Leicester-Abbey,
1 mUe N of Leicester; was for black canons, and dedicated
to St Marj' de Pratis; figures in history as Leicester
abbey; was the place where Cardinal "Wolsey died; liad
endowments estimated at £1,062; was given, at the dis-
solution, to William, ^larquis of Northampton; and is
now represented by part of a wall at Abbeygate.^ An
hospital to the honour of the annunciation of the Virgin
Mary, for a master and certain chaplains and poor per-
sons, was founded in 1330, on four acres of ground near
the castle, by Henry, Earl of Leicester and Lancaster;
was much augmented by his son Henry, Duke of Lan-
caster; was converted, in 1355, into a college, called the
Ncwarke college or college of St. IiIarj'-the-Greater; was
further aucTnented, both in buildings and in endowments,
by John of Gaunt; was much favoured by Henrj- IV. and
his successors of the L.ancasterian line ; was the burial-
place cf John of Gaunt's wife, Constance, of Mary de
Bohun, and of other distinguished persons; and had, at
the dissolution, an income of about £888 a-year.
Part of its property was given, at the dissolution, to
John Beaumont and William Guyse; and part, together
with portions of the lands of other monastic institutions,
was purchased by the coriioration of Leicester. An
hospital, for alms-people, was founded and endowed with
much of this purchased property; has now an annual in-
come of about £1,300; bears the name of Trinity hospital;
and gives sustenance or relief to 44 residents .and 46 nou-
resid'ents. An hospital dedicated to St. Leonard, and
four monasteries of respectively white, black, grey, and
eremite friars, also were anciently in the town; but all
these have disappeared.
!ichi..oh and IdstitiUions.—Tlie free grammar school
sprang from an hospit.-vl founded in 1499; has an en-
dowed income of £58, and three exhibitions; and hail,
for pupils, Tliirlby the editor of "Justin Martyr," and
Farmer the author of the "Learning of Shakespcar."
Newton's school, or boys' green coat school, is in
St. Martin's, and has an endownd iucomo of £604. A
school of design is held in an upper room of the
Mechanics' institute. Seven national s'-hools, two
British schools, five infant schools, the Great Meet-
inf House school, and two Roman Catholic schools,
stand dispersedly through the town. The Leicester-
shire and Rutland lunatic asylum, the Leicestershire
infirmary, the female orphan asylum, and the Lcioe3-
LEICESTER.
LEICESTERSHIRE.-
tersh're iiifdnt orphan asylum, are nil iu St. Mary's
parish; a'.nl, at the census of ISol, had respectively •120,
100, 22, aiul 15 inmates. The luuatic asylum stands on
a. healthy spot, outside of the to\vn; ■was erected in 183G,
a: a c.>st of nearly £18,000; has been repeatcdlj' en-
larged: and :.s a handsome edifice. AVyggestun's liospi-
tal was founded in 1513, for two chaplaius, 12 men, and
12 w.jmen; has an endowed income, i'onnerly returned at
xt"-l, but now amounting to about £5,000; gives £300
«-year and a free house to the master, and £200 to the
ronfnter; and w;is recently designed to have schools es-
tablished in connexion with it. St. John's and Bent
hospital, in High-cross-street, is an amalgamation of two
institutions, for 2 men and 6 women; and has an en-
dowed income of about £70. Simon's hospital, in Blue
Boar-lane, was founded in 1712, for 6 poor women; and
his aa endowed income, formerly retui'ned at £130, but
now aiQouating to £600. Johnson's hospital, in South-
pate-street, was founded in 1794, for 5 inmates; and has
aa endowed income of £90. Mason's alms-houses, in
Vauxhall-street, are for 4 females; and have an income
of £50. Other charities have a considerable aggregate
amount of endowed income, and are chiefly parochial.
There are a general dispensary, a homoeopathic dispen-
saix, an eye infirmarj', an institution for the blind, and
a female home institution.
Tmde. — Leicester has a head post-office, t three sub-
po^t-offices:;: in Belgrave gate, High-Cross-street, and
Humberstone-road, two other sub-post-officesf in Ox-
ford-street and Waterloo street, a number of pillar letter-
boxes, two telegraph-offices, two railway stations, five
liaaidng-offices, and about ten chief inns; is a seat of as-
sizes and quarter sessions, and the place of election for
the S division of the county; and publishes sLx weekly
newsx'apers. A weekly general market is held on Satiir-
day; a weekl}- cattle market, on Wednesday; a wool-
fair, on 1 June; a cheese fair, on 10 Oct.; and fairs for
cattle, sheep, and horses, on 4 Jan., 2 March, the Satur-
riav before and the Saturday after Easter w^eek, 12 May,
1 .June, 5 July, 1 Aug., 13 Sept., 10 Oct., 2 Nov., and 8
Dec. The hosiery manufacture, in all its departments, has
long been largely earned on; figures here and at Notting-
ham as its centres for the kingdom; and occupies a large
prcpcrtiou of both the old and the ne\v factories. The
luaaufacrure of elastic fabrics was recently introduced,
and is now carried on with much vigour and to a very
large extent. The shoe trade also was recently introduced,
and is alrtady carried on to a degree inferior only to its
extent in Northampton. Cotton, lace, silk, and other
jnauufactures make some figure; and .still others are in
Xhf course of being introduced. At the census of 1861,
G,C23 males and 1,764 females of 20 years and upwards
wrre employed in hose manufacture; 125 m. and 19 f. in
•woollen cloth manufacture; 517 m. and 617 f. in worsted
Xianufacture ; 69 m. and 378 f. in cotton manufacture;
14 m. and 43 f. in lace manufacture; 61 m. and 158 f. in
silk manufacture; 1,362 m. and 492 f. iu shoe and boot-
making; and proportionate numbers in departments of
inaniitacture subordinate to these or coimected with
them. Th-r-re are large agricultural implement manufac-
tori?3, extensive sewage manure-works, several iron
foundries, and several malting and other establish-
ments.
The Brjroii'jh. — Leicester was first chartered by King
.John; has sent two members to parliament since the
time of Edward I.; and, under the new act, is divided
into 7 wards, and governed by a mayor, H aldermen,
and 42 councillors. Its limits are the same municipally
as parliamentarily; and have been indicated in our ac-
count of the parishes. The borough magistrates meet
live days in the week, from Monday- onward, at the towh-
1::'.!1; and the county magistrates meet on Saturdays, at
the county i.olice office. The police force of the bor-
ough, in 1S64. comprised 70 men, maintained at an an-
nual cost of .£4,?*)8. The crimes committed in the year
ending 23 S-J})t., 1864, were 200; the persons appre-
h-^nded. 123; the d.lj'n'dators and siispected persons at
l.'.rge, 273; the houses of bad character, 91. Corpora-
tion income in 185.5, £44,917. Amount of property and
income tax charged in 1863, £18,490. Real property,
in 1860, £97,932; of which £1,240 were in canals, and
£4,518 in gas-works. Electors in 1833, 3,663; in 186-3,
4,561. Pop. in 1851, 60,584; in 1861, 68,056. Houses,
14,595.
The Dislrict. — The district, or poor-law union, consists
of the borough and the three extra-parochial jdaccs of
Freaks Ground, New-Snund-Pool, and New Parks; and
is divided into the two sub-districts of East Leicester and
West Leicester, the former containing the borough por-
tion of St. Margaret's parish, the latter containing all
the rest of the district. Acres, 3,960. Poor-rates in
1863, £25,655. Pop. in 1851, 60,642; in 1861, 68,190.
Houses, 14,615. Marriages in 1863, 945; births, 2,937,
— of which 212 were illegitimate; deaths, 2,253, — of
which 1,204 were at ages under 5 years, and 27 at ages
above 85. Marriages in the ten years 1851-60, 6,704;
births, 23,998; deaths, 16,366. The workhouse stands
in St. Margaret's parish, near the railway-station; is a
brick edifice, in the Tudor style; and hivs capacity for
1,000 inmates.
LEICESTER-ABBEY, an extra - parochial tract in
Barrow-upon-Soar district, Leicesteishire; on the river
Soar, 1 mile N of Leicester. Acres, 25. Real property,
£2,408. Pop., 40. Houses, 7. The Augustinian ab-
bey, founded in 1143 by Robert Bossu, and noticed in our
account of Leicester, stood here; and an extant portion of
wall belonging to it retains vestiges of inscriptions work-
ed in bricks. The property, after the dissolution, passed
through various hands; and belongs now to the Earl of
Dysart. The grounds have been converted into an ex-
tensive nursery.
LEICESTER and HITCHIN RAILAVAY, a railway
in the counties of Leicester, Northampton, Bedford, and
Hertford; from Leicester south-south-eastward to Hit-
chin. It was authoi-ized in 1847-8, but abandoned on
arrangements with the Great Northern. It was autho-
rized again in 1853, and was opened in 1858. It is 62
miles long, and has a branch of 1 mile to Wellingbor-
ough station. It forms part of the ilidland svstem.
LEICESTER .\xd SWANNINGTON RAILWAY, a
railway in Leicestershire, from Leicester, northwestward
to Swannington. It is 16 miles long; is connected witli
the Midland Counties railway, by a branch from the W
neighbourhood of Wratby, to the S neighbourhood of
Leicester, and is connected with the North Staffordshire,
by a continuous line, from Swannington to Burton-upon-
Trent. It forms part of the Midland svstem.
LEICESTER-FOREST (East and West), two extra-
parochial tracts in Blaby district, Leicestershire; from
24 to 5 miles S of Leicester. Acres, about 700. Real
property, £1,387. Pop., 82 and 51. Houses, 16 and 9.
The property is divided chiefly among three.
LEICESTER-FRITH, or SHERMANs-GROcrxBS,.an ex-
tra-parochial tract in Barrow-upon-Soar district, Leices-
tershire; 2 miles NNW of Leicester. Acres, 240. Real
property, £529. Pop., 24. Houses, 4. Frith House
here is the seat of Jliss JIackie.
LEICESTERSHIRE, or Leicester, an inland county,
nearly in the centre of England, but a little to the E. It
is bounded, on the N, by Derbyshire and Notts; on tho
E, by Lincolnshire and Rutlandshire ; on the S, by
Northamptonshire and Warwickshire; on the W, by
Warwickshire, Staffordshire, and Derbyshire. Its out-
line is irregularly pentagonal; and has been said to re-
semble the outline of a heart, recessed in the middle of
the N, and contracting to an angle at tho midiUe of tho
S. Its boundary, in various parts, is traced byshort ieache.s
of the rivers Trent, Soar, Anker, AVelland, and Avon;
and along ISf miles of the contact with Warwickshire,
is formed hy Watling-street. Its greatest length, from
NE by N to SW by S, is 45 miles ; its gn-.-itest breadth is
about 40 miles; its circuit is about 165 miles; and its
area is 514,164 acre.s. Its surface is hUly; consists chiefly
of sjiurs or offshoots of the backbone of England, with
intervening basins or vales; and may, in a general .sense,
be denominated table-land. Bardon hill, in Charuwood
forest, is the highest elevation, and has an altitude of
853 feet above sea-level. Beacon and other hiUs ia
LEICESTERSHIRE.
6
LEICESTERSHIRIL
Charawood forest, — Belvoir Castle, Blackberry lull, and
Stathem hill, to the NE,— Breedon hill. Cloud Lill, and
Caatle Donington toward the NW, — BuiTowhill, Whad-
borough hill, Billesdon-Coplow, and Quenby hill, to the
E, — Saddington and Gumbly, to the S, — and Croft hill,
Hinckley, Higham, and Orton-on-the-Hill, to^^ard the
W, — are other chief eminences; and some of the hills,
very particularly Bardon hill, command very extensive
and very beautiful views. The valley of the Wreak, the
valley of the Soar, and the vale of Belvoir abound in
charming scenery. The chief rivers are the Trent, the
Soar, the Swift, the ^Yelland, the Avon, the Wreak, and
the Anker; and minor streams are the Devon, the Eye,
the South Eye, the ilease, the Sence, and the Smite.
Igneous rocks form dispersed intrusions throughout a
considerable part of the NW; grejwacke or Cambrian
rocks, much beset by the eruptive intrusions, form a
tract in the E of Chamwood forest; rocks of the coal
measures form an important tract around Ashby-de-la-
Zouch; rocks of new red or Bunter sandstone form one
Email tract near the middle of the coal-field, and another
to the NVV of it; rocks of a higher part of the same
class, chiefly kemper marl and sandstone, form nearly
all the W half of the county; rocks of the lias formation,
comprising sand, upper lias clay, marlstone, and lower
lias clay and lime, form most of the E half of the county,
separated from the new red sandstone nearly by a line
drawn up the course of the Soar to a point 4 miles above
Leicester, and thence south-south-westward to the S
boundary; and Vocks of lower oolite, including com-
bra-sh, forest marble, Bradford clay, Bath oolite, fullers'
earth, and inferior oolite, form a tract in the extreme
NE, from Stathern and Saxby, to the boiindary. Hard
stone, grey~wacke-slate, and building-stone are quarried;
limestone and lias are worked, — the latter partly for ce-
ment; coal is mined; and gypsum, potter's clay, iron-
stone, and lead ore are found. The number of collieries at
work in 1861, was 14; and the output of coal, in 1859,
jointly with Notts and Derbyshire, was 5,050,000 tons.
Mineral springs occur in various parts ; and those of
the lloira and Ivanhoe baths at Ashby-de-la-Zouch are
the most esteemed.
About 480,000 acres are under cultivation, as amble
land, meadow land, or otherwise; and most of the rest
of the area is disposed in sheep-walk. The soils are
principally of three kinds, clay-loam, sandy or gravelly
loam, and peat-earth or alluvium ; and those of the clay-
loam kind, mostly strong and stiff, are the most exten-
sive. The peat bogs were long ago drained, and have
become peaty or meadowy soil; and there are no chalk
soils, and none which can be properly called clay or
sand. The estates, generally, are large; and the farms
vary from 50 to 500 acres. The chief crops are -wheat,
barley, oats, beans, turnips, and various grasses. Barley
has, in a considerable degree, superseded wheat; and
beans were formerly raised in much greater abundance
than now. Much of the land is disposed in grazing; and
cheese, of tWo good kintls, the one in flattish cheeses of
from 30 to 50 lbs., the other of the kind kno\Tn as Stil-
ton, ts largely made. One cow commonly yields from 34
to 4i c^vt. of the flattish cheeses in a season. Slieep of
the Old Leicester, the Forest, and the New Leicester or
Dishly breeds, amount to about 40,000, and yield about
10,000 packs of wool. The long-horned breed of i:attle,
as improved by Bakewell, has pas-sed considerably into
disfavour; and the old short-homed breed is now pre-
ferred. Good horses, for hunting, are reared; and mules
and asses, for farm labour, are much used. Hogs, of a
superior breed, are extensively fed. Fox-hunting is
keenly pursued, aud draws many vi.sitors to the count}-.
Melton-Mowbray and Market-IIarborough are the head-
quarters of the sportsmen; and the Quorn and Billesdon
hunts are the greate.st, aud have large establishments.
Wool-combing, wooUen-yam-spinning, hose-making, and
framework-knitting, are largely carried on. Elastic
■web-weavLiig, silk manufacture, lace-making, shoe-mak-
ing, and agricultural implement-njaking, also are pro-
minent, ilanufactures of other kinds, likewise, have
recently been introduced. The Trent navigation, the
Union canal, the Grand Union canal, and the Ashby-de-
la-Zouch canal, together with the junctions which they
form with other navigations, give water-conveyance to-
most parts of England. The Midland Counties railway
goes windingly through the centre of the county, from
N to S; and forms one important knot of junctions im-
mediately beyond the N boundary, and another a short
distance beyond the S boundary. A line of railway,
coming from the S knot of junctions in the neighbourhood
of Rugby, runs near all the SE border, paTtly withiu
Northamptonshire, but chiefly within Leicestershin;
toward Stamford. A line, coming northward from Hit-
chin and joined at the boundary by another line from
Northampton, crosses the former in the \-iciuity of Jlar-
ket-Harborough, and goes north-westward into junction
with the Midland Counties, 3.^ miles S of Leicester. A
line deflects from the Midland Counties at Syston, and
goes in an easterly direction, past Melton-Mowbray,
toward Oakham and Peterborough. Another line deflects
from the Midland Counties near the junction with it of
the line from Hitchin ; and goes west-south-westward,
past Hinckley, toward a junction with the Trent Valley
line at Nuneaton. A branch line deflects from the Mid-
land Counties in the southern vicinity of Leicester, and
goes 55 miles west-north-westward to "the vicinitj' of Des-
ford. And another line goes from Leicester westward
and northwestward, past a junction with the previous
branch near Desfoni, aud past Swannington and Ashby-
de-la-Zouch, toward a jimction with the North StaUbril-
shire at Burton-upon-Trent The turnpike roads ex-
tend aggregately to about 300 mUes; and the cross-roads,
to about 1,400 miles.
Leicestershire contains 207 parishes, parts of 7 other
parishes, and 26 exti-a-parochial places; and is divided
into the borough of Leicester, and the hundreds of East
Goscote, West Goscote, Framland, Gartrets, Guthlaxton,
aud Sparkeuhoe. The registration county gives oS 6
parishes aud an extni-parochial place to Warwickshire,
9 parishes and a liberty to RutlancL-iiire, 4 parishes,
part of another parish, and an extra-parocliial place to
Derbyshire, 5 parL^ihes, part of another parish, aud an
extra-parochial place to Lincolnshire, and 2 pari.shes to
Nottinghamshire; takes in 18 parishes, part of another
parish, and an exti-a-parochial place from Northampton-
shire, 3 parishes and parts of 3 others from Warwick-
shire, 12 parishes from Nottinghamshire, and 7 parishes,
parts of 4 other parishes, and an exti-a-parochial place
from Derbyshire; comprises altogether 531,556 acres;
and is divided into the districts of Lutterworth, Markct-
Harborough, Billesdon, Blaby, Hinckley, Jlarket-Bos-
worth, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Loughborough, Barrow-upon-
Soar, Leicester, and Melton-Mowbray. The county
town is Leicester; the other to\vns with upwards of
2,000 inhabitants, are Loughborough, Hinckley, Jlelton-
ilowbray, Ashby • de - la -"Zouch, Market-Harborough,
Castle - Donington, and Lutterworth ; and there are
about 560 smaller towns, viUages, and hamlets. T)ie
chief seats are Belvoir-Castle, IJonington Park, Stanle-
ford Hall, Staunton-Harold Hall, Bradgato Hall, Gop-
sall Park, Buckminster Hall, Burton Hall, E"ertoii
Lodge, Gumley Hall, Ke.>-thorpe Hall, Kirkby°Hall,
Knipton Lodge, Lubeuham Hall, Hallatou Manor House,
Newport Lodge, Swithland Hall, '.V'heeler Lodge, Bos-
worth Park, Coleorton HaU, the Elms, Lowesby Hal!,..
Noseley Hall, Roecliffe Hall, Wanlip Hall, ^V■istow Hall,
Allexton Hall, Asfordby House, Aylestone Hall, Eaf-
giave Hall, Barkby Hall, Beau Manor Park, Bolgi-ave
House, Bii-stall Hall, Bitteswell HaU, Bl.iby Hall, Bos-
worth Hall, Bniunstone House, Breedon Lodge, Burbago
House, Carltoa-Curlieu Hall, C'atthorpe Hall, Catthorpe
Lodge, Charier Hall, CLiybrooke Hall,' Cliffe House,
Cold Overton Hall, the Coplow, Craven Lodge, Crofc
Hall, Dalby HaU, Edmondthorpe Ha'.l, Euder'bv Hall,
Eving'tnn Hall, Four Elms Lodge, Frith IIous(>, Gadilcs-
by Hall, Garendou Park, Goadby Hall, Grace Dieu
ilanor, Grangewood Hor.^e, Great Stretton H;dl, Ilalla-
ton Hall, Heather Hall, Highcroft House, Hill House,
Holt Hall, Kibworth-Harcourt Hall, Knossiiigtun, Lang-
ley Priory, Launde Abbey, Leesthorpe Hull, Lindley
LEICESTERSHIRE.
LEIGil.
Hall, Littlo Pcatliug Hall, Lockiii^'ton HaU, Lodding-
ton Hall, Newtnn-Harcourt !Manor-house, Gleu-Paiva
ilanor-house, Moltoti-Mowbray Lodge, MistertoQ HaU,
Kether Seal Hall, Nether Se;il Old Hall, Normanton
Hall, Xorris-Hill Hall, North Kilworth House, Orton
Hall, Osbaston Hall, Quenby Hall, Quoradon Hall,
Quorndon House, Kagdale HaU, RatclLtl'e HaU, Raven-
stone Hall, Ravenstone House, RoUeston Hall, Rother-
vood House, Rotliley Temple, Soraptoft Hall, Sheepy
Hall, Shelbrook House, Shenton Hall, Shrubbery House,
Skeffington Hall, Sketchley Hall, Snarestone Lodge,,
Somerby Grove, Somerby HaU, Southficld House, Stan-
ford Hall, Stockerston Hall, Stoughtoa Grange, Sysonby
Lodge, Wartnaby HaU, West Langton Hall, "Whatton
House, Wigston Hall, and Withcot Hall.
The county is governed by a lord lieutenant, about 20
deputy lieutenants, and about 230 magistrates; is in the
NE military district, and in the Slidland judicial cir-
cuit; and constitutes an archdeaconry in the diocese of
Peterborough. The assizes and the quarter sessions are
held at Leicester. The county jaU and a borough jaU
are at Leicester. The police force, in 1864, esclusiva of
that for Leicester borough, comprised 98 men, at an
annual cost of £8,397. The crimes committed in the
year ending 29 Sept. 1864, exclusive of those in Leices-
ter borough, were 149; the persons apprehended 141;
the depredators and suspected persons at large, 711; the
houses of bad character, 53. Two members are sent to
parliament by Leicester borough; two by the N division
of the county; and two by the S division. Lough-
borough and Leicester are the places of election for the
two divisions; and there are 8 polUng-pIaces in each
division. Electors of the N division, in 1865, 4,767, —
of whom 3,390 were free-holders, 9 were copy-holders,
and 1,190 were occupying tenants; of the S division,
6,283, — of whom 4,820 were free-holders, 118 were
copy -holders, and 1,092 were occupying tenants. Poor-
rates for the registration county in 1863, £115,325.
Marriages in 1863, 2,029, — of which 473 were not ac-
cording to the rites of the Establi'ihed Church; births,
8,913,— of which 702 were illegitimate; deaths, 6,145,
— of which 2,876 were at ages under 5 years, and 12-3
were at ages above 85. ilarriages in the ten years
1851-60, 19,232; births, 82,296; deaths, 52,513. The
places of worship within the elector.al county, in 1851,
were 289 of the Church of England, vnih 82,964 sit-
tings; 41 of Independents, with 11,983 s.; 10 of Gen-
eral Baptists, with 1,530 s. ; 45 of New Connexion Gen-
eral Baptists, with 14,422 s. ; 25 of Particular Baptists,
with 7,349 s. ; 5 of Baptists undefined, with 700 s. ; 1
of Lady Huntingdon's Connexion, with 170 s. ; 3 of
Quakers, with 535 s. ; 3 of Unitarians, with 1,270 s.;
129 of Wesleyan Methodists, mth 21,739 s.; 1 of New
Connexion Methodists, with 150 s. ; 53 of Primitive
Methodists, with 7,930 3.; 6 of the Wesleyan Associa-
tion, with 1,350 s. ; 1 c/f Independent Methodists, with
250 3.; 11 of Wesleyan Reformers, with 1,603 s.; 1 of
the New Church, with 35 s. ; 12 of isolated congrega-
tions, with 1,983 s. ; 7 of Latter Day Saints, with 710
s.; and 12 of Roman CathoUcs, with 2,537 s. The
.schools were 278 public day schools, with 19,392 scholars;
431 private day schools, with 8,862 s. ; 432 Sunday
schools, with 36,232 s. ; and 20 evening si-hools for adults,
with 784 s. Real propertj-, in 1815, £951,908; in
1343, £1,376,384; in 1860, £1,394,938, — of which
£50,227 were in mines,£3,421 in quarries, £17 in iron-
works, £73 in fisheries, £7,562 in canals, £1,5S0 in
railwav.s, nnd £6,777 in ga.s-works. Pop. in ISOl,
130,082; in 1821, 174,571; in ISll, 215,867; in 1861,
237,412. Inhabited houses, 51,891; uninhabited, 2,673;
building, 211.
The teiTitory now forming Leicestershire was inhabited
by tlie anciout British tribe Coritani; was included, by
the Romans, in their province of Flavia, C^sariensis ;
formed part of the Saxon kingdom of Mercia; was held
by the Danes, within the Danelagh or Dane-laga, from
874 till 942; wan distributed, by William the Conqufror
among his Norman followers; bore the name of Ledeces-
trc.->cire at Doxosday; suUerod much disaster, by rebellion
of its barons, in the times of Henry II., John, and Henry
III.; was the scene of the firet promulgation of thr doc-
trines of WickUtfc; was the scene also of the meeting of
the parliament which enacted death against the Wick-
liihtes; andwius the scene of the battle of Bosworth-field,
and of various conflicts between the royalists ,and the
parUamentarians in the time of Charles I. The Romans
had towns at Leicester, Vernometum, and Mancetter;
they had settlements or strengths also at Narborough,
Loughborough, Market-Harborough, Broughton-Astley,
Queeaibo rough, Uvercester, Whatborough, WeUes-
borough, Bramborough, Burrough, Nether-Broughton,
Sharnford, Blackfordby, Acresford, Thornborough, Des-
ford, ScaUord, Swintbrd, Linford, Burbage, Burton-
Overy, Burton-Lazars, Burton-on-the-A\'olds, and Staun-
ton-Harold; and they connected the most important of
these places with one another, or with their stations in
other counties, by the Fosse-way, the Via Devaua, the
Salt Way, and WatUcg-street. Tumidi or barrows are at
Shipley, Gibnarton, Syston, Medbourn, and some places
on the hills. Roman camps are at Barrow, Ratby,
Kibworth, Knaptoft, HaUaton, Lubbenham, and Dow-
bridge. Alany castles were biult by the Normans; but
most of the earlier ones were destroyed in the times of
Henry II., John, and Henry III. ; and few have left any
considerable vestiges. Abbeys were at Leicester, Crox-
ton, Garendon, andOwston, and there were many priories.
Ancient churches, of interesting character, are at Leices-
ter, Lutterworth, Horninghold, Bottesford, and Melton-
Mowbray.
LEIGH, a chapelry in Yetminster parish, Dorset; 2\
miles SE of Yetminster r. station, and 6 SSW of Sher-
borne. It has fairs on 25 March, 1 May, and 3 Sept. ;
and its post-town is Yetminster, under Sherborne. Acres,
1,984. Real propertj', £3,033. Pop., 465. Houses,
93. The property is much subdivided. The living is a
p. curacy in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £253.*
Patron, the Bishop of Salisbury. The church is good.
LEIGH, a t}-thing, with a village, in Wimborue-
Minster parish, Dorset; 1 mUe E of Wimborne-Minster.
Real property, £3,281. Pop., 574. Here was anciently
a chapel.
LEIGH, a small seaport town and a parish in Rochford
district, Essex. The town stands on a creek of tho
Thames, at the skirt of a bold steep hiU, adjacent to the
Southend raUway, opposite Canvey Point, 3 miles W of
Southend, and 4 SNV by S of Rochford; is an ancient
place, mentioned in Domesday book; consists chiefly of
one street; carries on a small coasting trade, and an im-
portant oyster, slirinip, mussel, and periwinkle fishery;
and has a post-oliice, J under Chelmsford, a railway sta-
tion, a custom-house, a church, a Wesleyan chapel,
and national schools. The oyster fishery is conducted
chiefly by the collecting of oysters on distant coasts,
particularly the N coast of France, and by laying them
down to grow and fatten on the sea-ground of the Leigh
shore. The church stands on the hill behind the town;
commands an extensive view of the Thames estuary;
is of the 14th century, of large nave, N aisle, and
handsome chancel, ivith an ivy-clad tower; aud has
carved oak stalls, and some brasses. — The paiish com-
prises 2,331 acres. Real property, £4,223. Pop., 1,473.
Houses, 291. The property is much subdivided. Roman
coins have been found. A stone Ijoundary, about li inile
E of the town, marks the limits of'thejurisiliction of the
conservators of the Thames. An anchorage, caUed Leigh
Road, with 5 fathoms water, lies ott' the town. The liv-
ing is a rectory in the diocese of Rochester. Value,
£284.* Patron, the Bishop of Rochester. Bishop Eden
was rector.
LEIGH, a parish in Tewkesburydistrict, Gloucester;
on the river Severn and the Comb can il, 4.^ miles SSW
of Tewkesbury r. station, and 5.^. NW by W of Chelten-
ham. It contains the hamlet of Evington; and its post-
town is ("heltcnham. Acres, 1,720. Rated property,
£3,201. Pop., 423. Houses, 91. Tlio jiroperty ismuch
subdivided. The manor belongs to the dean aud chapter
of Westminster. Leigh Villa is the seat of W. Hill,
Esq., aud commands a hue view. .Much of the laud iji
LEIGH.
LEIGH.
subject to frequent inuudations. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Gloucester and Bristol. Value,
£250.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church con-
sists of nave, small cross aisle, and chancel, with an em-
battled tower; and is good. There are a national school,
and charities about £iO.
LEIGH, a tything in Havant parish, Hants; on the
edge of Bere forest, 2 miles NW of Havant. Pop., 647.
Leigh Park is the seat of Sir G. Staunton, Bart., and has
well-furnished conservatories and hot-houses.
LEIGH, a village and a parish in Sevenoaks district,
Kent. The village stands near the river Jledway, ad-
jacent to the Tunbridge and Reigate railway, 2 J mUes \V
of Tunbridge; is sometimes called Lye or West Leigh;
and has a post-office, of the name of Leigh, under Txm-
■bridge, and a fair on 16 June. — The parish contains also
HoUanden hamlet, and part of Hildenborough chapelrv.
Acres, 4,660. Real property, £6,130. Pop. in 1S51,
a, 161; in 1861, 1,256. Houses, 222. The property is
much subdivided. The manor, with Hall Place, belongs
to T. F. Baily, Esq. There is a mineral spring, of
similar quality to the springs of Tunbridge AVeUs. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Canterburv. Value,
£510.* Patron, the Rev. T. May. The church is an-
cient; had once a chantry; was recently restored; had
formerly no tower, but has now a new one; and contains
a curious brass without name or date, and two other
brasses. There are a national school, and charities £91.
LEIGH, a town, a township, a parish, a sub-district,
and a district, in Lancashire. The town stands on the
Jjcigh and Wigan canal, on a loop-line of railway, from
Tyldesley to Braishaw-Leach, and near the Bolton and
Kenyon branch of the Northwestern railway, 7} miles
SW by S of Bolton; comprises portions of West Leigh,
Pennington, Bedford, and Atherton townships; has
iuidergone much improvement, under the Local Govern-
ment act of 1858, and under the Public Works Manufac-
turing Districts act of 1863; is a seat of petty sessions
and county courts, and a polling place; publishes a
weekly newspaper; and has a post-office ^ under Man-
chester, two railway stations with telegraph, a banking-
office, a market-place, a town-hall, gas-works, three
churches, four dissenting chapels, a Roman Catholic
•chapel, a grammar school, two national schools, a
British school, a public cemetery, and charities £339.
The town-hall was built in 1840; contains a large room
for public meetings and for the courts; and has adjoin-
ing it offices and lock-ups for the Warrington division of
the county constabulary. The parish church, or St.
ilary's, belonged to Eardisbury; is debased perpendicular
or early Tudor; comprises nave, aisles, and chancel; and
lias two mortuary chapels. The church of West Leigh
is a stone edifice of 1855. The Roman Catholic chapel
stands in Bedford township; is large and handsome; and
was buUt in 1855, at a cost of about £4,000. The gram-
mar-school has an endowed income of £25. The ceme-
tery was formed at the expense of West Leigh, Penning-
ton, Bedford, and Astley townships; and was opened in
1856. A weekly market is held on Saturday; and fairs
are held on 24 and 25 April, and on 7 and 8 December.
The silk manufacture was formerly extensive, but became
very depressed during the five years ending in 1866.
There are large cotton factories, foundries, malting estab-
lishments, two breweries, and three com mills. Pop. of the
town in 1851, 5,206; in 1861, 10,621. Houses, 2,098.
Pop. in 1851, of the West Leigh portion, 838; of the Penn-
ington portion, 4,496; of the Bedford portion, 4,885.
Highs, the inventor of the spinning-jenny and water-
frame, was a native.
The township of West Leigh comprises 1,894 acres.
Real property, £15,387; of which £5,020 are in mines.
Pop. in 1851, 3,750; iii 1861, 4,434. Houses, 86-3.
The increase of pop. arose from the erection of cotton
mills, the opening of collieries, and the establishing of
plass-works. — -The parish contains al.-to the townships of
Pennington, Bedford, Astley, Atherton, and Tyldesley-
with-Shackericy. Acres, 13,194. Kcalproperty,£104,472;
of which £27,840 arc in mines, £229 in ircjii-works, and
£181 in g;ui-work3. Pop. in 1851, 25,993; in IStil,
30,052. Houses, 6,099. The mauoi-s of West Leigh
and Atherton belong to Lord Lilford. The living is a
vicarage, united with the chapelry of West Leigh, in the
diocese of Manchester. Value, £270.* Patron, Lord
Lilford. The p. curacies of Pennington, Astley, Ather-
ton, Bedford, and Tyldesley -with-Shackcrley, are sepa-
rate benefices. -The sub-district bcai-s the name of
West Leigh, and contains the townshi.is of West Leigh
and Pennington. Acres, 3,331. Pop., 9,449. Houses,
1,863. — The district comprehends also the sub-district of
Atherton, containing the townships of Atherton and
Tyldesley-with-Shackerley; the sub-district of Culcheth,
containing the townships of Astley and Bedford, acd the
Culcheth township of Newchurch-Kenyon; and the .sub-
district of Lowton, containing the parishes of Lowton
and Golborne, and the township of Kenyon. Acres,
23,610. Poor-rates in 1S63, £11,424. Pop. in 1851,
32,734; in 1861, 37,700. Houses, 7,603. Marriages in
1863, 334; births, 1,616, — of which 151 were illegiti-
mate; deaths, 1,006, — of which 483 were at ages under
5 years, and 15 at ages above 85. Marriages in the ten
years 1851-60, 3,047; births, 13,433; deaths, 8,853.
The places of worship, in 1851, were 9 of the Church of
England, with 6,416 sittings; 1 of the Presbyterian
Church in England, with 120 s. ; 3 of Independents, with
881 s. ; 1 of Baptists, with 373 s. ; 1 of Unitarians, with
727 s. ; 5 of Wesleyans, with 1,546 s. ; 5 of Primitive
Methodists, with 974 s. ; 1 of the Wesleyan Association,
with 150 s. ; 1 of Lady Huntingdon's Connexion, with
563 s. ; 1 of Latter Day Saints, with 50 s. ; and 1 of
Roman Catholics, with 525 s. The schools were 23
public day schools, with 1,965 scholars; 22 private day
schools, with 743 s. ; 30 Sunday-schools, with 6,547 s. ;
and 4 evening schools for adults, with 108 s. Tlie work-
house is in Atherton township; and, at the census of
1861, had 171 inmates.
LEIGH, a township in Worthen parish, Salop; 13
miles SW of Shrewsbury. Pop., 44.
LEIGH, a tj'thing in Pitminster parish, Somerset; Z[
miles S of Taunton.
LEIGH, a tything, conjoint with Street, in Winsham
parish, Somerset; 2 miles SE of Chard.
LEIGH, a parish in Uttoxeter district, Stafibrd; on
the river Blythe and the North Stafford railway, 44
miles WNW of Uttoxeter. It contains the hamlets
of Church Leigh, Lower Leigh, Upper Leigh, Dodsley,
Painley-Hill, Middleton-Green, Lower Nobut, Upper
Nobut, and Withington, and the to%vnship of Field; and
it has a station on the railway, and a post-office under
Stafl'ord. Acres, 7,05.5. Real property, £10,796. Pop.
in 1851, 1,074; in 1861, 9S6. Houses, 199. The pro-
perty is much subdivided. Much of the land is in pas-
ture. The living; is a rectory in the diocese of Lichfield.
Value, £74S.* Patron, Lord Bagot. The church, ex-
cepting the tower, was rebuilt in 1846, at a cost of
£8,272; is cruciform, with central embattled tower; and
contains an altar-tomb, of 1523, to Sir John and Lady
Aston. There are a national school for girls, an en-
dowed school with £67 a-ycar, and charities £87.
LEIGH, a village and a parish in Reigate district,
Surrey. The village stands on an atttueut of the river
Mole, 3 miles SW of Reigate r. station; and has a post-
office under Reigate. The parish comprises 3,710 acres.
Real propert}', £2,930. Pop., 506. Houses, 92. The
property is divided among a few. Leigh Place was the
ancient seat of the Ardernes ; belongs now to the Dendy
family; has been much altered, }'et retains features of
antiquity; and is still engirt with a moat, crossed by
narrow bridges. Mynthurst is the seat of J. W. Fresh-
field, Esq. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
Winchester. Value, £146.* Patrons, the Trustees of
the late R. C. Dendy, Esq. Tlie church is later English;
was recently restored; and contains fine brasses of the
Ardernes. There are rational s'jhools. Ben Jonson
is said to have been a resident.
LEIGH, a chapelry in Ashton-Kejnes parish, Wilts;
on the river Thames, near the boundaiy with Glouces-
tershire, Ik mile NE of Minety r. st.ition, and 3 WSW
of Cricklude. Post-tov/n, .'ishton-KcjTies, under CricV-
LEIGIL
LEIGIIS (LiTTLBJ.
lade. Bated property, £2,196. Pop., 312. Houses, 72.
The property- Ls divided among a few. The living is a
p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Ashton-Keynes, in
tlie diocese of Gloucester and Bristol. The cliurch is
gtXMl: and there are charities £25.
LEIGH, a village and a tvthiug in Great Bradford par-
ish, Wilts. The village stands 2 miles NE of Bradford,
and is considerable. The tything bears the name of
Leigh and ^VooUey. Pop. in 1S31, 1,6S0; in 1851,
1,377. Houses, 292.
LEIGH, a to\niship in "Westbury parish, Wilts; 1
mile SSW of Westbury. It forms part of Westbury
borough, and it shares in that town'.s trade and institu-
tions. Pop., about 1,3S0. The manor belonged for-
merly to the Cobhams and the Molins. A Sa.xon palace
stoo-l at Courtfield. Some writers suppose the to\vnslup
to be the .5;;:g-lea where Alfred encamped before the
battle of Ethandune.
LEIGH, a parish and a sub-district in Martley dis-
trict, Worcestershire. The parish lies on the river Teme
flnd the Worcester and ilalvern railway, 4J miles WSW
cf AVorcester; contains the hamlets of Leigh Sinton,
Link-End. Sandlin, Sherridge, Brockhampton, Lower
Howsell, Upper HowseU, and Cow-Leigh, the chapelry of
Bransforil, and most of the locality of Malvem-Link, ad-
joining Great Malvern; has postal accommodation partly
through Worcester, partly through Great Malvern; and
lies around the r. stations of Bransford-Road and Mal-
veni-Link. Acres, 6,129. Real property, £17,493.
Pop. in 1S51, 2,342; in 1861, 3,330. Houses, 641. The
increase of pop. was chiefly in the Malvem-Link locality,
and arose from proximity to Great Malvern. The pro-
j*rty is much subdividei The manor belongs to Earl
Somers. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Wor-
cester. A'alue, £312. Patron, Earl Somers. The
church is of various dates, but chiefly of the 12th cen-
tury; comprises nave, and chancel, with W tower; has,
over the N door, a remarkable ancient sculpture in a re-
cess supported by Norman pillars; and contains a curi-
rrasly carved ancienc screen, a Norman font, aline monu-
ment of Sir Walter Devereux, and a number of ancient
monuments and relics. A chapel of ease is at Bransford;
a church was recently bnilt at Cow-Leigh; and a school-
chapel is at Leigh-Sinton. A chapelry, called St. Mat-
thias, is in the Malvern-Link section; was constituted
in 1S46; had a pop. in 1861, of 1,670; and is a p. cu-
racy, of the value of £100,* in the patronage of the
Bishop of Worcester. There are a Wesleyan chanel, two
cliapels of Lady Huntingdon's Connexion, another dis-
senting chapel, two endowed schools, and some charities.
— The s'Jb-di^■trict contains also three other parishes.
Acres, 13,037. Pop., 4,931. Houses, 1,005.
LEIGH A.\D WIGAN CANAL, a cunal in Lanca-
shire; from a junction Tvith the Leeds and Liverpool
canal at Wigan, south-eastward and east -south -east-
■nard, to a junction with the Manchester and Leigh
branch of the Bridgewater canal at Leigh. It was formed
in 1S19; it is 7 miles long; and it rises 15 feet, with two
l.x:ks.
LKIGH-ABBOTS. See Abbots-Leigh.
LEIGH COURT. See ABBOTS-LEir.H.
LEIGH-DELAMERE, a parish in Chippenham dis-
trict, Wilts; 5 miles NNW of Chippenham r. station.
Post-town, Chippenham. Acres, 1,227. Real property,
£1,772. Pop., 11.3. Houses, 25. The property is di-
vided among a few. The manor belonged anciently to
the Delameve family, and belongs now to Sir John
Neeld, Bart. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Gluucester and Bristol. Value, £280. Patron, Sir J.
Neeld, Bart. The church was rebuilt in 1846.
LEIGH (E.\st), a harnlet in West Leigh parish, De-
von; 3 mQes NE of Biduford.
LEIGH (East), Lanca-shire. See A.stley.
LEIGH (East and West), two hamlets in Harber-
tou parish, Devon; IJ mile SW of Totnes. Pop. 171
and 45.
LEIGHFIELD- FOREST, an extra- parochial tract
in Uppingham district, Rutland; 2.i miles W of Manton
i: station, and 3.i SW of Oakham. Acres, 1,500. Real
property, £3,232. Pop., 40. The manor belongs to
George Finch, Esq.
LEIGH-GKEEN, a iilace in the SE of Bucks; 1 mile
NE of Chesham.
LEIGH (Hioii). See LEcn (Hioii).
LEIGH HILL, a place in the E of A\ ilts; 4J miles
SSE of Marlborough. It has a post-oflicc under Marl-
borough.
LEiGHL.^ND, a chapelry in Old Cleeve parish, So-
merset; 34 miles S of Old Cleeve village, and 4 W of
Stogumber r. st.ition. Post-town, Washford, under
Taunton. Pop., 500. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of Bath and Wells. Value, £84. Patron, the
Vicar of Old Cleeve. The church was recently rebuilt.
There is a small free school.
LEIGH (Little), a village, a township, and a cha-
pelry in Great Budworth parish, Cheshire. The village
stands near the Grand Trank canal and the river Wea-
ver, 3i miles NW of Northwich r. station; and has a
postal piUar under Northwich. The township comprises
1,529 acres. Real property, £2,930. Pop,, 409. Houses,
79. The manor belongs to Lord Leigh. The chapelry
includes also the townships of Dutton and Bartington ;
and was constituted in 1833. Pop., 914. Houses, 147.
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Chester. Va-
lue, £160.* Patron, the Vicar of Great Budworth. The
church is a brick building, with a turret. The parson-
age was rebuilt in 1864. There are a Baptist chapel,
a village school, and charities £4.
LEIGH MIDDLE-GROUND, a shoal iu the estuary
of the Thames ; about midway between the town of
Leigh and the Nore Sand. It is about 2 miles long,
and is overlooked by the Southend Pier lighthouse.
LEIGH-MILITIS. See Axgersleigh.
LEIGH (North), a parish, with a village, in Honi-
ton district, Devon; on an affluent of the river Axe, 3^
miles SSE of Honiton r. station. Post-town, Houiton.
Acres, 994. Real property, £1,130. Pop., 253. Houses,
52. The manor belonged to Lord Petre; passed, in 1794,
to J. M. Howe, Esq. ; and belongs now to Sirs. Proby.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value,
£240. * Patron, J. AVoodcock, Esq. The church is an-
cient; comprises nave, N aisle, and chancel; and con-
tains an ancient oak screen and a small piscina. There
are a national school, and charities £21.
LEIGH (North), a village and a parish in Witney
district, Oxford. Tlie village stands I4 niile SE of Akc-
man-street, 2^ W by S of Handborough r. station, and
3 NE by N of AVitney. The parish contains also the
hamlet of Newyatt; and its post-town is AVitney. Acres,
2,460. Real property, £4,025; of which £18 are in quar-
ries. Pop., 738. Houses, 163. The manor and most
of the land belong to the Duke of Marlborough. A Ro-
man villa, 212 feet by 167, a tesselated pavement, a hy-
pocaust, coins of Claudius, and other Romaii relics, were
foimd in the parish in 1813-6. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Oxford. Value, £147.* Patron, the
Lord Chancellor. The church is ancient; has a Norman
low square tower ; and cojitains a fine alabaster figured
tomb, and several other monuments. There are a Wes-
leyan chapel, a national school, and charities £51.
LEIGH PARK. See Leigh, Hants.
LEIGH POND. See Cuckfiei.d.
LEIGHS (Great), a village and a pariah in Chelms-
ford district, Essex. The village stands on the river
Ter, 6i miles NE by N of Chelmsford r. station; and has
a post-office under Chelmsford. The parish contains
also the hamlet of Chatle}', and comprises 3,125 acres.
Rated property, £.3,353. Pop., 909. Hoiiscs, 189. The
jMO[ierty is much subdivided. The liring is a rectoiy in
the diocese of Rochester. Value, £878.* Patron, Lin-
coln College, O.xford. The church is verj- an-.-ient, ia
tolerable condition; and has a Noniian door and window,
and a round tower of stone and Hint. There ate an In-
dependent chapel, a national school, a P.ritish school,
and charities £30.
LEIGH-SINTON. See Lr.ir.n, AA^orcestcr.
LEIGHS (Little), a parish iu Chelmsford district,
Essex; on the river Ter, 5 miles SAV of Braintree r. sta-
LEIGH (South)
10
LEIGHTON-BUZZARD.
tion, aud 7 NNE of Chelmsford. Post-town, Great
Leighs, wider Chelmsford. Acres, 1,080. Real property,
£2,156. Pop., 171. Houses, 33. The property is di-
vided among a few. A priory of Black canons was
founded here in the time of Henry III., by Ralph de
Gernon; was given, at the dissolution, to Sir Richard
Rich; was converted by him into a splendid mansion;
passed to the Duke of Buckingham; belongs now to
Guy's hospital ; and has left extensive and interesting
remains. Tlie living is a rectory in the diocese of
Rochester. Value, £400.* Patron, the Rev. John C.
Green. The church is a small building, with a w^ooden
spire.
LEIGH (South), a village and a parish in Honiton
district, Devon. The village stands 3^ miles from the
coast, 4^ W'SW of Colyton r. station, and 6 SSE of
Honiton; and has a post-office under Honiton. Acres,
2,579. Real property, £2,365. Pop., 3-31. Houses,
73. The manor, with about three-fourths of the land,
belongs to C. Gordon, Esq. The living is a rectory in
the diocese of Exeter. Value, £181.* "Pation, C. Gor-
don, Esq. The church is ancient; and consists of nave,
N aisle, and chancel, with a tower. Charities, £9.
LEIGH (South), a parish in Witney district, Oxford;
on the Witney and Oxford railway, 2J miles E by S of
Witney. It has a station on the railway; and its post-
town is Witney. Acres, 2,074. Real property, £3,163.
Pop., 319. Houses, 61. The living is a p. curacy, an-
nexed to the vicarage of Stanton-Harcourt, in the dio-
cese of Oxford. The church is a small plain building,
with a tower; and was the first in which John Wesley
preached. Charities, £12.
LEIGHTERTON. See Boxwell-with-Leighterton.
LEIGHTON, a township in Nantwich parish, Cheshire;
near the river Weaver, the Jliddlewich canal, the North-
western railway, and the Crewe and Chester railway, 3
miles NNW of Crewe. Acres, 1,244. Real property,
£2,306. Pop., 217. Houses, 40. Two old mansions
here, now farm-houses, were the seats of the Del Brookes
and the Erdswick families. There is a Primitive Metho-
dist chapel.
LEIGHTON, a township in Neston parish, Cheshire;
on the estuary of the Dee, l-i mile N by E of Great Nes-
ton. Acres, 1,605; of which 995 are water. Real pro-
perty, £1,600. Pop., 363. Houses, 64. Ash6eld Hall
here is the seat of R. A. Macfie, Esq. The township
commands fine views across the Dee, into Wales.
LEIGHTGN, a village and a parish in the district and
county of Huntingdon. The village stands near two
afiBuents of the river Ouse, 5 miles N by E of Kimbleton
T. station; is sometimes called Leighton-Bromswold; is
a scattered place; and has fairs on 1 May and 5 Oct.
The parish comprises 2,770 acres. Post-town, Kimbol-
ton, under St. Neots. Real property, £4,131. Pop.,
450. Houses, 91. The manor belongs to the Trustees
of the late John Norris, Esq. Leighton-Gorse is a meet
for Earl Fitzwilliam's hounds. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Ely. Value, £180.* Patron, the
Bishop of Ely. The church is ancient but good; and
consists of nave, transept, chancel, and porches, with
fine pinnacled tower. There is a national .school.
LEIGHTON, a township-chapelry in WorthLn parish,
Montgomery; on Offa's dyke aud the river Severn, ad-
jacent to the Chester and Llanidloes railway, under
Long mountain, near the boundary with Salop, 1^ mile
SSE of Welshpool. Post-town, Welshpool. Acres,
1,870. Real propertj-, £4,199. Pop. in 1851, 297; in
1861, 431. Houses, 83. The increase of pop. arose
from the temporary pre.sence of labourers on a gentle-
man's estate. Leightou is a chief residence. The liv-
ing is a p. cuncy, annexed to the p. curacy of Trelystau
or Wolsfon-Mvnd, in the diocese of HerefortL
LEIGHTOX, a village and a parish in Atcham dis-
trict, Salop. The village stands on the river Severn,
near tlie Severn Valley railway, between Buildwas and
Cressage stations, 3i miles NbyWof Much-Wenlock;
and luis a post-office under Wellington, Salop. The par-
ish compiisf^ 2,1.51 aor&'. Real property, £2,239.
Pop., 310. Houses, 63. The property is divided among
a few. The manor belongs to R. Gardner, Esq. Leigh-
ton Hall is a chief residence^ The Wrekin, formiu^ a
grand feature, and commanding an extensive view, is
on the NE border. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese of Lichfield. Value, £213.* Patron, C. Win.gfield,
Esq. The church is a good brick building, w-ith a
wooden tower; and contains several monumental tablets.
Charities, £20.
LEIGHTON-BROMSWOLD. See Leigetok, Hunt-
ingdon.
LEIGHTON-BUZZARD, a town, a township, a par-
ish, a sub-district, and a district in Beds. The town
stands on the river Ouse, at the boundary with Bucks,
adjacent to the Grand Junction canal, and near the junc-
tion of the Northwestern railway with the line east-
southeastward by Luton to Hertford, 19 miles SW by
S of Bedford, and 40| NW of London. It is thought,
by some %vriters, but without good evidence, to be tha
Lygeanburg, mentioned in the Saxon chronicle as hav-
ing been taken in 571, by Cuthwulf, brother of the king
of Wessex; and it derives its suflLx name, according to
some, from corruption of the name Beaudesert, — accord-
ing to others, from the Bozards or Basarts, an ancient
famUy, one of whom was knight of the shire La the
time of Edward III. A Cistertian mona.stery, a cell to
Woburn abbey, was founded at the town, in the time of
Henry II. ; and an alien priory, a cell to Fontevrault
abbey in Normandy, stood within the parish at Grove-
bury. AveryancientpcntangularGothiccross, supposedto
have had some connection mth the Cistertian monastery,
stands in the market-place; appears to have been erected
about 1330; was repaired in 1650, and restored in 1852;
is about 40 feet high; and consists of five steps and a
surmonnting arch, supporting five niches, occupied by
hagiological statues. The town consists chiefly of ons
long wide street, extending N and S from the market-
place. The market-house rras rebuilt in 1852. The
corn-exchange was built in 1362, on tlie site of the oM
George inn, at a cost of about £7,500; is In th''. Italian
renaissance style ; has a two storey front, with Venetian
mudows and open balustrade, surmounted by an ornate
tower about 85 feet high; and contamis a hall, with ac-
commodation for about 900 persons, and an assembly-
room, >vith accommodation for about 325. The temper-
ance-hall was recently erected by private enterprise.
The parish church, or church of All Saints, is spacious,
crucifonn, and chiefly early English; has a central mas-
sive tower, with an octagonal spire 193 feet high, and
with chimes which were restored in 1865; and contains
an ancient font, stalls, and some ancient monuments. St.
Andrew's church, at the N end of the town, was built in
1866, at a cost of about £3,000; is in the early decorated
style, with a spire upwards of 100 feet high; and mea-
sures, within walls, 110 feet by 50. There are five dis-
senting chapels, an endowed school, a British school,
alms-hou.ses for eight poor widows, and charities, iu-
clu.?ive of the school and the alms-hauses, £599. Ti;d
town has a head post-office,; a railway station with
telegi-aph, two banking-offices, a police station, and si.x
chief inns; and is a seat of county courts, and a polling-
place. A weekly market is held on Tuesday; a large,
wool fair on the first Friday of July; and fairs for horses
and cattle, on 5 Feb., the second Tuesday of April,
Whit-Tuesday, 2G Jid}', 21 Oct., and the Tuesday after
10 Dec. The manufacture of straw-plait is largely carried
on; and much transit trafiic is conducted both by railway
and by canal. The limits for lighting are not the same
as those for poor-law registration; and the latter wei'a fol-
lowed by the census enumerators of 1S61. Pop., 4,330.
Houses, 833.
The township includes all tht: town, and extends be-
yond it. Real property, £18,476; of which £.'jl0 are in
gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 4,165; in ISul, 4,882
Houses, 941. — The parish contains also the Inmlets of
Stanbridge, Kgginton, Billington, and Heath and Reach.
Acres, 8,768. Real property, £30,441. Pop. in 1851
6,874; in 1861, 7,312. IIou.ses, 1,463. The manor be-
longs, to Col. II. Hannier. There is a Roman camp.
The Northwestern railway, i:- the vicinity, pas.jud
LKIGHTOXSTONE.
11
LE[STO^■.
through a tnimel 300 yards long. The livincj is a vicar-
a^ in the dio-.'tfse of Ely. Value, £453. * ratron, the
Prebt-C'liry of Leighton- Buzzard. The p. curacies of
StaEVn>i^-, Egj,Tnton, Billington, and Heath and Reach,
are SJ-pante benefices. The sub-Jistrict contains also
the j'ari?hea of Orore, LinslaJe, and Stoke-IIaraiuond, —
all electorally in Bucks. Acres, 12,278. Pop., 9,243.
Houses, I,S4 5. — The district comprehends also the sub-
district of Wing, containin;^ the parishes of Wing, Ment-
luore, and Soulbury, — all electorally in Bucks; the sub-
district of I'llnghoe, containing the parishes of Ivinghoe
and Chrddington, — both electorally in Bucks; and the
sab-district of Edlcsborough, containing the parishes of
Edlesborough, Siipton, and Eaton-Bray, — the two for-
mer elr-.'torallv in Bucks. Acres, 33,015. Poor-rates,
Li 1S6-3. £6,707. Pop. in 1S51, 17,142; in 1S61, 17,648.
Houses, 3,564. Marriages in 1863, 123; births, C6b",—
cl" v.-hich 46 were illegitimate; deatlis, 449, — of which
190 were at ages uiider 6 years, and 12 at ages above So.
3[arria9«3 La the tea yeara 1851-60, 1,211; births, 6,285;
dr-.ttbs, 3,745. The places of worship, in 1S51, were 16
CI the Church of England, with 4,299 sittings; 2 of In-
depead=ats, with 254 s. ; 12 of Baptists, with 2,517 s. ;
1 of Quakers, with 182 s. ; 17 of Wesleyan Methodi.sts,
■srith 3,504 s. ; 5 of Primitive Jlethodists, with 401 s. ;
1 of Wesleyau lleformers, with 205 s. ; and 1 of Latter
Day Saints, with 100 s. The schools were 14 public day
schools, wi:h 1,045 scholars ; 61 private day schools,
•with 1,099 .s. ; 33 Sunday schools, mth 3,374 s. ; and 1
evening school for adults, with 14 s. The worldiouse is
in Leishton-Buzzard township; and, at the census of
1S51, hjd 122 inmates.
LEIGHTOXSTONE, a himdred in Huntingdonshire;
touade-i by the counties of Bedford and Northampton,
and by the hundreds of Normancross, Hurstingstone,
and T'55€land; and contaiakig the parish of Alconbury,
tweiitv-nine other parishes, and parts of three others.
Acre?,' 53,696. Pop. in 1851, 10,890; in 1861, 10,789.
Ho.ises, 2,333.
LEIGH- UPON' -ilENDIP, a vUlago and a parish in
Frome .listrict, Somerset. The village stands under the
E end of the ilendip hills, 4 miles N by W of Wanstrow
r. sta*;oa, and 5 W of Frome; and has a post-office under
Fiome. The parish comprises 1,425 acres. Keal pro-
perty, £2,513. Pop., 534. Houses, 131. The manor
and'mosi; of the land belong to the Pev. John S. H.
Homer. The surface lies high, and ctdininates at 884
feet at-ive sea-Ieveh The living is a p. curacy, annexed
to the rectcn.- of ilells, in the diocese of Bath and "Wells.
The chiroh is later English; and consists of nave, aisles,
and cLancel, with an ornate tower. There are chapels
for V.'esleyans and Primitive Methodists.
LEIGH' (West), a parish in Barnstaple district, De-
von ; ca the river Torridge, and on the Bideford railway,
2 miles NXE of Bideford. It contains a village of its
o^vn name, and the hamlets of East Leigh and Southcott;
and its post-to\vn is Bideford. Acres, 2,616; of which
150 are water. Real property, £2,804. Pop., 491.
Houses, 96. The property is divided among three. The
Bianor was known to the Saxons as Westlega. The liv-
ing is a vicange in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £159.*
Patro-is, the Dean and Chapter of Exeter. The church
Ls ancient bat good; and consists of nave, aisles, and
chaiR-I, with a tower. There are a Wesleyau chapel
and a national schooL
LEIGH (West), a hamlet in Burksconibe parish,
Devoz: 5 miles .SW of Wellington. An ancient chapel
stooi here, an^l was converted into cottages.
LEIGH (Wkst), Kent. See Leicu.
LEIGH (\V.^,ST), Lancashire. See Leigh.
LEINTHALL-EAPJ.S, a cluipelry in Aymestrey par-
ish, Hercfo:.!; 4^ miles XW of Bifrriiigtou and Eye r.
staticn, .iiul C SW of Ludlow. Post-tn\\'n, Wiginore,
ucd;r Kin>r>!and, Herofordsliire. The statistics are rc-
tumc<l v,-ltfa tlie parish. The living is a p. curacy in
ths dioocse of Herefo.d. Value, £64. Patron, the
Vicar of Ayrncstrey. The church is small ; and there is
A sl: -Litlv endowed school.
LEINTUALL-STAKKES, a parish, with a village, in
the district of Ludlow and county of Hereford; 5 miles
WNW of WoofTerton-Juuctiou r. station, and 6 SW by
W of Ludlow. Post-town, Wigmore, under Kiiig^l.ind,
Herefordshire. Acres, 990. Keal property, witli Leiut-
hall-Earls and Elton, £3,791. Kated property of L.-.S.
alone, £1,017. Pop., 144. Houses, 29. The propertj
is all in one estate. The living is a p. curacy in the dio-
cese of Hereford. A'alue, £53. Patron, A. E. B. Knight,
Esq. The church is ancient, and has a belfry. There
are an endowed school, with £14 a-year, and other char-
ities £4.
LEINTWARDINE, a village, a township, and a sub-
district in Ludlow district, and a jiarish partly al<o in
Knighton district, but all in Heiefordshire. The '.'lUage
stands at the confluence of the rivers Teme and Clun, 1
mUe from the boundary ^vith Salop, 3 E of BuckneJi r.
station, and 9 W of Ludlow; is a favourite resort of
anglers; and has a head post-offioe,| designated Leint-
wardine, Herefordshire, and fairs ou the ilonday before
Easter and 26 September. — The township includes the
village, and extends beyond it. Real property, with the
townships of Kington, Marlow, and Whitton and TVip-
pleton, £7,553 ; of which £90 are in fisheries. Pop. of
L. township alone, 615. Houses, 120. — The parish con-
tains all the to^vnships now named, and also the town-
ships of Brakes, and Heath and Jay in Ludlow district,
and the townships of Walford, Letton, and Newton, and
Adforton, Stanway, Paytoe, and Grange in Knighton dis-
trict. Acres, 8,576. Keal property, £11,380. Pop. in
1851, 1,607; in 1861, 3,812. Houses, 345. The pro-
perty is much subdivided. The manor belonged anciently
to the Mortimers; passed to the Harleys; and belongs now
to Lady Langdale and A. R. Boughton, Knight. Ileath
House is a chief residence. The N section consists largely
of the ancient forest of Jlocktree, which was long ago
disafforested. A Roman camp, called Brandon camp,
with a single ditch and rampiut, is about a mile from the
village. Freestone and limestone are quarried. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Hereford. Value,
£400.* Patron, Lady Langdale. The church is an-
cient and large; was given, by Hugh de Mortimer, to
Wigmore abbey; and undcnvent restoration in 1S65, at
a cost of about £2,200, exclusive of the tower, which was
afterwards to be repaired. Some oak carving of the 15th
century, and aniimber of encaustic tiles bearing the arms
of the Mortimers, were discovered in the cluirch during
its restoration. There are a Wesleyan chapel, an en-
dowed school with £60 a-)-ear, and charities £9. The
sub-district contains the Lutllow townships of the parish
and six entire parishes. Acres, 19,178. Pop., 2,556.
Houses, 475.
LEIRE, a village and a parish in Lutterworth district,
Leicester. The village stands near the Midland Counties
railway, 1.^ mile S by W of Broughton-Astley r. station,
and 4 NNW of Lutterworth; and has a postal-pillar
under Lutterworth. — The parish comprises 870 acres.
Real property, £2,642. Pop., 433. Houses, 102. The
propirrty is much subdivided. The manor belongs to
Countess Cowi)er. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of Peterborough. Value, £294.* Patron,- Countess
Cowper. The church is ancient, was about to be re-
stored in 1866, has a tower and spire, and contains a
memorial E window and a handsome font. There are a
Wesleyan chapel, a free school, and charities £36.
LEISTON, a small town and a parish in Blything di.-i-
trict, Suffolk. The town stands on the Aldborough rail-
way, 2 miles from the coast, and 4 ESE of Saxmundham;
is connected with the extensive manufacturing works of
the Messrs. Garrett, and lighted with gas supplied from
these works; carries ou a manufacture of waterproof
roquelaires; and has a post-oificei under Saxrimmlham,
a railway station witii telegraph, a church, throe dis-
senting chapels, a m.-chanics' institution, a parochial
school, and charities £73. Jlc.srs. Gairetfs works manu-
facture agricultural machinery and implements; were
establi.-ihed, on a very small scale, in 1788; and have
gradually increased to such magnitude as to occupy about
7 acres of ground, and to employ about 600 men. The
church btaiids about .( of a mile W of the town; was
LEITH-IIILL.
12
LENHAJI.
originally early English; was relmilt in ISSS; and is a
liaudsome edifice of nave, transepts, and chancel, with a
tower of flint. — The parish contains also the hamlet of
Sizewell; extends to thecoxst; and comprises 4,500 acres
of land, and 1 40 of water. Real property, £S,S13. Pop.
in 1851, 1,580; in 1S61, 2,227. Houses, 470, The in-
crea.se of pop. arose from the e.Ktonsion of ilessrs. Garrett's
works. Leistou Abbey is the seat of W. Eose, Esq.;
Sizewell House is the seat of A. Ogilvie, Esq.; and the
Cupola is the seat of Lord Beauclerk. Some new marine
vDla residences, and a coast-guard station, are at Size-
well-Gap. A premonstratensian canonry was founded on
the coast section, in 1182, by Ralph de Glanville; was
rebuilt, on a site about a mile further from the sea, and
about 4 a mDe from the town, in 136-3, by Robert de
Ufford, Earl of Suffolk; was destroyed by fire before 1389,
and rebuilt in that year; had a clmrch 168 feet long; was
given, at the dissolution, to the Duke of Suffolk; and is
now represented by massive ivy-clad walls, two lofty
pointed windows, and half-enclosed undergromid cells.
A modem farm-hoase stands among the ruins; and a
llower garden occupies the inner area. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of Norwich. Value, £435.* Patron,
alternately Christ's Hospital, London, and the Haber-
dashers' Company, London.
LEITH-HILL, an eminence in Wotton parish, Surrey;
4 miles SW by S of Dorking, and 4 N of the boundaiy
■\vith Sussex. It has picturesque skirts; rises to an alti-
tude of 993 feet above sea-level; commands a magnihcent
view, as far as to Essex, O.tfordshire, and Hants; and is
crowned by a tower which serves as a landmark to mari-
ners. The tower was built in 1766, as a prospect-house,
by Richard Hull, Esq., of Leith-Hill Place; was used as
Jlr. Hull's tomb, at his death in 1772; and was after-
wards repaired and heightened by W. P. Perrin, Esq. ;
but the entrance to it has long been walled up. Coins of
Henr>' VIII., Edward VI., and Elizabeth were found in
an earthen jar, on the S side of the tower, in 1837. Leith-
Hill Place stands at the S skirt of the hill, and is now
the .seat of J. Laboucliere, Esq.
LELA^■T. See Unt-Lel.\xt.
LELLEY, a township in Preston parish, E. R. York-
shire; 3 miles NE of Hedon. Acres, 800. Real pro-
perty, £1,458. Pop., 159. Houses, 31. There is a
chapel of ease.
_ LEMAN (The), a rivulet of Devon; falling into the
Exe at Tiverton.
LEMANJ^,. See Ltmxk.
LEMAN SAND, a shoal in the North sea; about 25
miles NE by E of Cromer, in Norfolk. It extends from
NW to SE; is about 15 miles long; has only 5 feet of
water on some parts; and has the least depth on the
NE side. Two floating lights were placed b-tvveen it
and the Owers in 1840; and have lights 38 and 27 feet
high._
LEilANUS, a quondam Roman station in the E of
Sussex; on the river Rother, near Rye.
LEMERSTON, a hamlet in the SW of the Isle of
Wight; 1 mile E of Brixton. An ancient chanel stood
here, and was served by three priests. Lemerston Down
rises immediately to the N; is continuous with Brixton
Down on the W; and has, on its summit, vestiges of an
ancient Briti.sh village.
LEilHILL, a place in Lechlade parish, Gloucjster; 1
mile NW of Lechlade.
LEMINGTON (Lower), a parish in the di.strict of
'Wiipston-on-Stour, and county of Gloucester; conti"iious
to Warwickshire, 2 miles NE by N of Aloreton-in-the-
Mar.sh r. station, and 5 SW by S of S!iipton-on-
Stour. Post-town, XIoreton-in-the-Mars!i. Acres, S55.
Real property, £995. Pop., 57. House.s, 14. The
jtrnperty belongs to Lord Redesdale. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of Gloucester and Bristol. ^ Value
£27. Patron, Lord Redesdale. Tlie churcli is good.
LEIIMINGTON, a hamlet and a township in Edling-
han; parish, Northumberland. The handet lies 5 miles
AVSW of Alnwick, and bears tlie name of Lemmington
Mills. — The township contiins also the hamlet of Battle-
biidge, and comprises 2,071 acres. Pop., 142. Houses,
24. The manor belonged to the Fenwicks, and parsed to
the Pawsons.
LE JIOR N'A. See L.iMOKXA.
TT^J'YP'-'^^'?' "■ ^^tnlst and a chapehy in Eishops-
Hatheld parish, Herts. The hamlet lies on the riv»r
Lea, near the Great Northern railway, 2i miles N by W of
Hatfield; and bears the name of Lemsford-JIiUs —The
chapelry was con,tituted in 1858; and its post-town is
Welwyn. Pop., 490. Houses, 97. The livin- is a p
curacy in the diocese of Rochester. Value £•''00 *
Patron, Countess Cowper. The church stands' opposite
the entrance of Brocket Park, on land Mon-nn" to Earl
Cowper; was erected in 1859, bv Countess Com.er and
her children, in memory of the late Earl ; is mainlv in
the eariy English style, with chancel in a later .stvle-'and
has a tower. ' '
LEN (The\ a rivulet of Kent; rising near Lenham
and running about 9 miles west-north-westward to tha
IVledway at ilaidstone. Paper mills are on it in the
vicinity of Otham.
LENACRE, a hamlet in Dent to\vnshir, Sedberch
parish, W. R. Yorkshire; near Dent. °
LENBOROUGH, a hamlet in Buckingham parish and
borough, Bucks; 2 miles S of Buckingham. Pop., 53.
Houses, 8. Lenborough Jlanor is noticed in the article
Buckingham.
LENCH-ABBOT. See Hob-Lenxh.
LENCH (Atch). See Atch-Lench.
LENCH (Church). See Church-Levcu
LENCH (CowpE). See Cowpe-Lesciips.
LENCH (Rouse), a \-ilIage and a narish in Evcjharn
district, AVorcester. The village .stiinds 2 miles W of
the boundary with Warwickshire, 5i SW by W of
Alcesterr. station, and 7 NNW of Evesham.— The parish
contains also the hamlet of Radford, and is bounded on
the N by Radford brook. Post-town, Eve-ham. A.c-es
1,380. Real i)roperty, £2,069. Pop., 306. Houses, 69!
The manor belonged formerly to the Rouse family, and
belongs now to Sir Charles 'R. Boughton, Bart. ' The
liWng is a rectory in the diocese of ^\'orcester. Value,
£400.* Patron, Sir W: E. R. Boughton, Bart. Tho
church is ancient, has a lantern tower, and contjiins
.several fine monuments of the Rouses.
LENCH (Shehiffs), a handet in Church-Lcnch parish,
Worcester; 4 miles N of Evesham. Real rudnfrtv.
£1,222. Pop., 88. II.'
LENCHES. See Cowpe-Lenches.
LENCHWICK, a tj-thing in Norton parish, Worcester;
2.^ miles N of Evesham. Pop., 162. This tything wa.s
fonnerly a separate parish; and it still ranks as a vicar-
age, annexed to the vicarage of Norton, in the diocese of
Worcester.
LENDALL. See York.
LENHAM, a village, a parish, and a f.tb-district, in
Hollingbouine district, Kent. The village stands near
the source of the rivulet Lcn, 6 nnles N by W of Piuck-
ley r. station, and 9^ E by S of Maidstone;; was once a
market-town; and has a post-office,* under JIaidstone,
and fairs on 6 June and 23 Oct. The parish conUiins
also the hamk-ts of Lenham-Heath and Sandwav. Acres,
6,963. Real property, £10,0&6. Pop., 2,016." Houses!
411. The property is subdivided. The manor was "iven,
by Kenulf, King of Mercia, and Cu(h-e<i, King of Kent!
to Canterburj- abbey; continued in posf«ssion of the ab-
bey till the dissolution; and belongs now to James S.
Doughs, Esq. Chilston Park is the seat of Mr. Dou:,dao;
Tone-Hill is the seat of Lord Kiugsdovrn; and Su-ade!
lands is the seat of J. Fermor, E^q. The .nufacs
e.xtends across a valley betvve.:-n chalk hills and sand
hills; contains the sources of the rivulet Leu and a
head -stream of the Stoiir: and is salubrious and of
average fertility. Tlic living i^ a vi.-arage in tho dio-
cesu of Canterbury. Value, £07,).* Patron, .-V. Aken-,
Esq. The church is partly ea.-ly English with altera-
tions, partly decorated; consists of nave, aisles, and
two chancels, T\ith a tower; and contains sixteen ancient
oaken stalls, which were used by the monks of Canter-
bury when visiting the manor,— a stone chair, or .*edile,
with solid arms and a cinquefoii-heacli^d c.-inoi'iy,— a ni.-"!
LEXXEY.
LEOMINSTER.
ciEi, un It a wry wide .ircli, — a richly-curved pulpit, of
the 17th tviitury, — the elli^ies of ii priest, prolmbly of tlia
time of Elwapi III., — monuments of the Colepcpers, —
and a bruo of a grandson of Maiy Honj-\vood, who lived
to s^e 3or of her desceadauts. There are an Indepen-
d-?i;t cha:-?!, national schools, au endowed school, with
£12 i-vcir, aud al.';i5-housc-s with £70. — The sub-district
contains ilio five other parishes. Acres, 16,142. Pop.,
3, "SO?. Hoase-s 74 S.
LEXyEY, a heaiUand in Warren parish, Pembroke;
ber.veen the Wash and West Freshwater bay, 6^ miles
S£ of St. -Vnne's hend.
LEXSDF.N, a chapelry in Widecombe-in-the-Moor
parish, Devon; on the E side of Dartmoor, 6 miles NXW
of .\5hb-iirtou r. station. It was constituted in 186-3; and
its post-:jwu is Ashburton, under Xewton-Abbot. Pop.,
■4.10. Thi living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Exeter.
Value, Eot rep-jrted.* Patron, Mrs. Larpent. The
church wia LuiJt in 1S63.
LEXTHALL See I.HrNTH.M.L.
LEXTOX, a small town, a parish, and a sub-district
in the diitnlct cf Radford, and county of Nottingham.
The town stands on the river Leen, near its confluence
with the Trent, on the Nottingham canal, adjacent to
the Xorrlnghan and Mansfield railway, near its junc-
tion with the llidland railway, 1 ^ mile AVSW of Not-
tingham; consists of two portions. New and Old; is
ail practically siiburban to Nottingham; had anciently a
r!ch priory of C;aniac monks, a house of Carmelite friars,
and an iijspital of St. Anthony; carries on industry in
namerous lace factories, machine-works, tanneries, chem-
i'sd-'.vorkii, starch-works, bleachfields, and an iron foun-
dry; and his a post-office,| of the name of New Lenton,
nnder Nottinghim, — a postal-pillar in Old Lenton, — a
station, at Old Lenton, on the Nottingham and Mans-
lield railway, — a church, four dissenting chapels, na-
tional schools, an industrial training institution and
orphanaj-;, and fairs on "Whit- Wednesday and 11 Nov.
The CitLniac priory was founded by William Peverel, son
of the Com^ueror; went, at the dissolution, to John Har-
rington ; and was partly obliterated, partly absorbed, by
a handi.jme modem seat, iu the monastic style. The
church vas bui'.t in 1842; superseded a previous one of the
1 1th certury; consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a
tower; and'con tains a Saxon font. The dissenting cha-
•peU are Baptist, Wesleyan, Primitive Methodist, and
New Connexiou Methodist. — The parish includes the
ifolared tract of Bestwood Park, 5 miles N of Notting-
ham; i:scludes abo part of Hyson-Green chapelry; and
contains many tne residences. Acres, 5,080. Ileal
j.ropertv, £26,"7'3S ; of which £699 are in mines. Pop.
xn ISoK, -5,559; in 1861, 5,828. Houses, 1,188. The
Eianor wlocgs to Sherwin Gregory, Esq. The living is
a vicarage in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £250.*
Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The p. curacy of Hyson-
Green h a separate benefice. — The sub-district contains
Brewhoise-Yard extra-parochial tract, and all the por-
tions of Lenton and Radford parishes, S of the turnpike
road from Xottiagham to Ilkeston. Pop., 5,678. Houses,
1,17S.
LEXTOX. Lincoln. See LAvrs-GTOX.
LEOMINSTER— popularly Lemster— a town, a par-
ish, a sub-iUstrlct, and a district in Herefordshire. The
to-:vn stanis in a fertile valley, on the river Lug, at the
influx of two of its tributaries, and at the commence-
ment of the Looniinster canal, adjacent to the Shrews-
bury aad Hereford railway, at the junction of the Leo-
Tuinster and Kingto}x railway, 13 miles N of Hereford.
Its name is supposed to be a compound of either Leof,
signifying "beloved," or Leo, signifying "lion," and
Jlinster, signifying "a large or monastic church;" and
was written at Domesday, Leofmlnstre. The prefi.x Leof
appears to have been the tnie one, and was used by the
Sa.xous; while the prefix Leo seems to have been a cor-
rupKon, intrcluced by writers of the middle ages. A
monastery, with large church or minster, was founded at
the town, and a castle or jialace J a mile to the E, about
the year 653, by Merewald, King of West ilercia. The
munaatery, together with almost all the houses which
had been built around or near it, was dcstroj-ed iu 777,
by the Danes, assi.ited by the Welsh. The monastery
was afterivards rebuilt as a college or priory; became a
cell to Shaston and Reading abbeys; was not.ible for tln!
preaching of th« crusade in it, in 1187, by Baldwin and
Giraldus; was further notable for two of its monks, Wil-
liam and John of Leominster, who were natives of tho
town, and made some figure in history; was given, with
the manor, by James I., to ViUiers; subseciuently under-
went many changes; and was eventually, in 1836, incor-
porated with the workhouse. Tho castle, iu conseiiuenco
of its vicinity to the Welsh marches, had much military
importance; was taken by the Danes in 777, at the tinie
when they destroyed the monastery; was taken again, in
1055, by the Welsh, and refortiiied; was retaken by Ha-
rold, and made the [ilace of a garrison; and was reforti-
fied by William Rufus; but seems to have, soon after-
wards, become useless. The town was held, in the time
of Edward the Conf'e.ssor, by Queen Editha ; was burnt,
in the tune of John, by William de Braoso; was held by
Owen Glendower, after his victory over the Earl of JIarch,
whom he made a prisoner iu a house in Church-street,
now or lately a stable; submitted to Prince Henry, after-
wards Henry V., on bis defeat of Glendower, in 1404, at
Ivington camp; took an active part in the cause of Mary,
against the partisans of Lady Jane Grey, and defeated
them, in 1553, at Cursneh hill; and was taken, in 1643,
by Waller, and re-taken, in 1645, by Charles I. Price,
the local historian, was a native of the town; and Earl
Pomfret takes from it the title of Baron Lempster.
The town comprises one long principal street, running
nearly N and S, and four or five others, going off at right
angles; and it has gradually, for about a hundred years,
been so improved that the streets, for the most part, are
spacious and even handsome. A few of the houses are
ancient, built of timber, ornamented with grotesquo
carvings, plastered and painted white and black; but
most are modern, built of brick, aud contrasting strongly
with the old ones. A stone bridge, and a light iron one,
span the Keuwater. The town-hall was built in 1356,
at a cost of £3,000; is in the Italian style, 156 feet long
aud 43 feet wide ; has, over the centre, a lofty cupola
and clock-turret; and contains a council-chamber, 45
feet long and 30 feet wide. The new market-house ad-
joins the town-hall; is 125 feet long, 40 feet wide, and
upwards of 22 feet high; and has a corrugated galvanised
iron roof, supported on two rows of iron pillars. The
butter-cross stood on the site of the new market-house ;
was built in 1633, by John Abel, "the king's carpen-
ter;" was a curious and beautiful e.:amp!e of Tudor tim-
ber-work, with 12 carved oak jnllars, arches, shields, and
various carved devices; was taken down in 1855, to give
effect to the town-hall, aud to afford space for the new
market-house; and has been re-erccted on a large open
space, called the Grange. The county police station is a
recent erection, on tho site of the old theatre. The par-
ish church, or church of St. Peter and St. Paul, is a spa-
cious irrogularly-constructed edifice; includes a Norman
portion, supposed to have been origivially a part of the
ancient " minster;" was partly burnt in 1700, when an-
cient wood- work, stalls, and monuments were destroyed;
comprises windows and walls of early and decorated Eng-
lish dates, an elegant W entrance doonvay, a richly de-
corated porch, and a modern S side; has a massive pin-
nacled NW tower, with set of chimes; and contains au
altar-piece of tho "Last Supper" after Rubens, an ex-
quisitely worked modern font, an elegant marble monu-
ment to Admiral Brace, and numerous other monuments.
Tho churchyard contaliis some interesting ancient monu-
ments, and one to ilrs. Siddons and Mr. Kemble._ Tho
chapel of Le Forbuiy is an ancient structure in tho
pointed style; has a good E window; was used, for a long
time, as a place of worship; was afterwards converted
into a national school; aud is now a place of busines.s.
The mission chapel, in Etnain-street, was opened in
1355. There are chapels for Baptists, Quakers, ilora-
viaus, We.sleyans, Primitive Methoilists, Plymouth Breth-
ren, and Unitarians. There are also a grammar-school,
with £20 a-yoar from endowment; national schooLs, iv«
LEOMINSTER.
14
LEONARD-STANLEY.
cently erected, at a cost of nearly £3,000; British and
Foreign schools; a Quakei-s' girls' school; alms-houses,
for aged widows, with £25 a-year ; and other cliarities,
with £108.
The town has a head post-ofEce,t a railway station
with telegraph, two banking offices, and tlii-ee chief inns;
is a seat of petty sessions and county coui-ts, and a county
polling-place; and publishes a weekly newspaper. A
weekly market is held on Friday ; chief markets, on the
first Friday of every month; a great market, on the Friday
before 11 Dec; and fairs, on 13 Feb., the Tuesday after
Mid-Lent, 2 May, 29 June, 10 July, 4 Sept., 17 Oct,,
8 Nov., and the Friday after 11 Dec. A good trade is
carried on in com, hops, cider, timber, wool, cattle, and
sheep; some industry is carried on in malting, wool-
stapling, tanning, coarse - cloth - making, and leather-
glove-making ; and there are, in the neighbourhood, a
printing-ink manufactory, an oil mill, com mills, and
brick-fields. The town was incorporated by Queen
Mary; has sent two members to parliament from the
time of Edward I. ; had its borough boundaries extended
by the reform biU, to include all the parish; and is gov-
erned, under the new act, by a mayor, four aldermen,
and twelve councillors. Corporation income in 1855,
£764. Amount of property and income tux charged in
1863, £1,187. Electors in 1833, 779; in 18G3, 360. Eeal
property, in 1860, £12,775; ofwhich £90 were in gas-works.
Pop. in 1851, 5,214; in 1861, 5,658. Houses, 1,157.
The parish is divided into in-parish, conterminate with
the old borough, and forming the town-proper; and out-
parish, containing the townships of Broadward and Bri-
erly, — Eaton, Hennor, and Stretford, — Ivington, Hide-
Ash, and AVintercott, — Newtown, Stagbatch, and Chol-
strey, — and Wharton, — and including the chapelry of
Ivington, formed out of these town.ships. Acres of the
in-parish, 1,150. Pop. in 1851, 4,199; in 1861, 4,630.
Houses, 949. Acres of the out-j-arish, 8,140. Fop., the
same as of the borough. Pop. of the Ivington chapelry
portion, in 1851, 792; in ISGl, 750. Houses, 155. The
manor went from the Villierses to Martin the regicide,
and others; passed to the Coniiigsbys; and belongs now
to J. Arkwright, Esq. of Hampton Court. A race-course
of about a mile, on flat ground, was near the to\vn; and
races were held on it in August; but it was intersected
by the Shrewsbury and Hereford railway, and the races
were discontinued. Cursneh, Eaton, and Croft-Ambrey
hills command fine views. Ancient camps are at Curs-
neh hill and Ivington. The parochial living is a vicar-
age, and the living of Ivington is a p. curacy, in the dio-
cese of Hereford. Value of the former, £230 ;* of the
latter, £100. Patron of the former, the Lord Chancellor;
of the latter, the Vicar of Leominster.
The sub-district contains the in-parish of Leominster,
the parishes of Hatfield, Puddlestone, Laysters, Kimbol-
ton, and Middleton-on-the-Hill, and the extra-parochial
tract of New Hampton. Acres, 13,844. Pop., 6,618.
Houses, 1,340. — The district comprehends also the sub-
dLstrict of Bodenham, containing the out-parish of Leo-
minster, the pari.shes of Bodenham, Hope-nnder-Din-
raore, Monkland, Docklow, Humber, Stoke-Prior, and
Ford, the Croft township of Newton, and the extra-pa-
rochial tract of Hampton-Wafer; and the sub-district of
Kingsland, containing the parishes of Kingsland, E3'ton,
Eye, Yarpole, Lucton, Orleton, Shobdon, and Aymestrey,
.ind the township of Croft. Acres, 65,620. Poor-rrites i n
1863, £9,246. Pop. in 1851, 14,910; in 1861, 15,494.
Houses, 3,231. Marriages in 1863, 90; births, 442,—
of which 37 were illegitimate; deaths, 309, — of which
89 were at ages under 5 year.s, and 12 at ages above 85.
Marriages in the ten years 1 S.51-60, 1,005; births, 4,5S3;
deaths, 3,157. The places of worship, in 1851, were 22
of the Church of England, \rith 5,578 sittings; 1 of Bap-
tists, with 350 s. ; 1 of Quakers, wth 200 s. ; 1 cf Mora-
vians, with 250 s. ; 8 of Wesleyans, with 614 s. ; 13 of
Primitive Jlethodists, with 785 s. ; 1 of Brethren, T\-ith
150 s. ; and 1 undefined, with 200 s. Tlie .schoob were
18 public day schools, with 1,171 scholars; 20 private
day schools, with 384 s. ; and IS Sunday schools, with
1.043 s.
LEOMINSTER, or Lthisster, a parish in Worth-
ing district, Susses; on the South Coast railway, at the
quondam Arundel station, 1 ^ mile E of Ford Junction
station, near the river Arun, and 2 miles SSE of Arun-
del. It contains the hamlets of Crossbush, Toddington,
and Wick; and includes the ty thing of Warningcamp.
Post-town, Arundel. Acres, 3,586. Real propert)',
£8,305. Pop. in 1851, 794; in 1861, 90S. Houses,
188. The increase of pop. arose partly from the facility
with which freehold land is obtained for building pur-
poses, and partly from the proximity of the pari.sli to the
port of Littlehampton. Leominster House is the seat of
T. Evans, Esq. ; Brookfield, of E. C. Holmes, Esq.;
Crossbush, of R. Upfold, Esq. ; and Dover Hull, of C.
Beauclerk, Esq. A small nunnery was here in the Sax-
on times; became a priory of Benedictine nuns, under
the abbey of Almanasche in Normandy; and was given,
by Henr)' VI., to Eton college. Tlie living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Chichester. Value, £350.* Patron,
the Bishop of London. The church is very ancient; in-
cludes transition Norman and early English portions;
and has a very lofty chancel arch, and a square tower.
A church was once in Warningcamp, but has entirely
disappeared. There is a free school for Leominster and
Rustiugton.
LEOMINSTER a>-b KINGTON RAILWAY, a rail-
way in Herefordshire; from a junction with the Shrews-
bury and Hereford at Leominster, 13{- miles wesbvard to
Kington. It is a single line; was formed on a capital of
£80^000; .and was opened in Aug. 1857. Authority waa
obtained in 1863 for leasing it to the West Jlidland.
LEO.MIXSTER CANAL, a canal in Herefordshire and
Worcestei-shire; from Leominster -n-indingiy north-east-
ward, jjast Tcnbury, to the collieries near Manible. It
was formed at the end of last centur}-; is iC miles long;
rises 496 feet, and falls 4S feet; and [lassesover the river
Teme, and throu^'h Pens;ix tunnel, 3,850 yards long.
LEONARD (St.), a hamlet-cliapelry in Astou-Cliuton
parish, Bucks; near the boundar.- with Herts, 3 miles
ESE of Wcndover, and 4,\ S\V of Tring r. station. Post-
town, Tring. Acres, 970. Real property, £077. Pop.,
189. Houses, 35. Tlie living is a p. ciua-?y in the dio-
cese of O.\ford. Value, £170.' Patrons, Trustees. The
church is ancient and liandsome; was once a chantry
chapel to Missenden abbey; has been restored and beau-
tified ; and contains some interesting old armour and
manv monuments and tablets.
LEONARD (St.), a parish in St. Thomas district,
Devon ; within the parliamentary borough of Exeter.
Acres, 172. Pop. in 1851, 1,-599; in 1861, 1,576.
Houses, 275. See Exeter.
LEONARD (St.), in Salop and other counties. See
Bridgnokth, Bri.stol, Clewer, CoLcnE.STF.R, Lei-
cester, Lo.N-DOX, Malton, Pockteoupe, Walli.vg-
FOED, &C.
LEONARD (St.)-ON-THE-SEA. See Hasttxcs.
LEONARDS (St.) FOREST, an ancient forest in Sus-
sex; between Horsham and the London and Brighton
railway. It was part of the Saxon AndreJswald; it
comprises about 11,000 acres; audit Lolongs chielly to
the parocliial chapelry of Lower F.eeding. It was an-
ciently held by the Braose family, but is now divided
among several owners. It took its name from an nn.-ient
chapel in the NE, dedicated to St. Leonard, and now
extinct. Its timber is mostly oak and leech; but in-
cludes some ancient pines and extensive Inrch ]ilant;i-
tions. Its principal avenue is 1 ^ mile long, and includes
about 15,000 trees, all of modem gi-owth, iii room of
ancient ones which were destroyed i.y a. tei.ipcst. Its
area gives origin to the main .sources of the Aruu, the
Adur, and the Ouse rivers; and its ground-surface in-
cludes deep water-courses and picturesque diversities,
but no lofty cniintnces.
LE0NARD-STANJ>EY, or.STAM.EY-ST. (,eos-ai'.ds, a
villac^e and a parish in Stroud district, Gloucester. The
village .stands 1 mile E by S of Frocester r. station, IJ
S by E of Stonehouse r. station, and 3J SVV by W of
Stroud ; was once a market-town ; was nearly all de-
stroyed by fire in 16S6; and has a post-olfice under
LEPriNGTON.
15.
LETCHWORTH.
Stoneliousc, and a fair on 20 July. The parish contains
also the hamlet of Downton, and includes the detached
tract of Lorridije. Acres, 1,070. Eeal property, £4,188;
of which £(J55 are in niilways. Pop., 864. Houses,
193. The iniiuor belonged at Domesday to Richard de
Berkeley; and belongs now to Jlrs. P. Jones. Townsend
House is the re.<;idence of Slinchin, Esq. ; and the
I'riory is occupied by John Townsend, Esq. A Bene-
tlictiue priory, a cell to Gloucester abbey, was founded
liere, in 1146, by one of the Berkeleys; was given, at
the dissolution, to the Kingstons; and has* left some
fragmentary remains. Sandford's knoll commands an
extensive and beautiful view. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of Gloucester and Bristol. Value, £220.*
Patron, Mrs. P. Jones. The church is Norman and
cruciform; is said to have belonged to the priory; has
:i low massive tower, of interesting character; and con-
tains monuments of the Sandfords, and of the last prior
Croose. There are a Wesleyan chapel, a national school,
and charities £30.
LEPPINGTON, a township-chapelry in ScrayingUam
liarish, E. R- Yorkshire; 4 miles NNE of Stamford-
r>ridge r. station, and 7^ SW by S of New ilalton.
Post-town, New Malton. Acres, 1,163. Real pro-
perty-, £2,404. Pop., 132. Houses, 23. The manor
belongs to Lady Mary Vyner. Gypsum is found. _ The
living is annexed to the rectory of Scrayingham, in the
tUocese of York. The church was built in 1811, and
was once a chantry to Missenden.
LEPTON, a township in Kirkheaton parish, \V. R.
Yorkshire; on the York and Manchester railway, 4 miles
E by S of Huddersfield. It contains the post-office of
Fenay-Bridge, unde.- Huddersfield; and the villages or
hamlets of Great Lepton, Little Lepton, Cowms, Gaw-
thorp, Highgate-Lane, Lascelles-Hall, Lidget, Rowley,
and Waterloo. Acres, 1,651. Real property, £5,403;
of which £150 are in mines, and £9 in quarries. Pop.
in 1851, 3,592; in 1861, 3,273. Houses, 737. The
woollen manufacture is largely carried on. A national
school was erected in 1860, at a cost of £1,300; and is
nsed as a chapel of ease._ A Wesleyan chapel is at
Cowms; a Primitive Methodist chapel, at Leptonfields;
aud mechanics' institutes at Leptonfields and Lascelles-
HalL
LEEI, or Lery (The), a rivulet of the N of Cardigan;
rising near the boundary with Montgomery; and going
windGngly westward, about 10 miles to the lower part
of the estuary of the Dyfi. It is noted for salmon.
LERLINGFORD. See Larlixo.
LERRIN, a rivulet, a village, and a sub-district, in
Cornwall. The rivulet rises near Broadoak, and runs
about 6 miles, south-south-westward, to the Fowey near
Penwick. The village stands 3 miles ES E of Lostwithiel ;
aud has a post-office under Lostwithiel, and fairs on 7
March and 25 April. — The sub-district is in Liskcard
district; and contains the parishes of Broadoak, Bocon-
noc, Lameath, St. Veep, Lanteglos- by -Fowey, and
Lansalius. Acres, 19,699. Pop., 3,804. Hoxises, 816.
LESBURY, a village, a township, and a parish in
Alnwick district, Northumberland. The village stands
on the river Alne, 4 a mile N of Bilton r. station, aud
34 E I)y S of Alnwick; and has a neat stone bridge over
the Alne. The township contains also the liamlets of
Bilton, ilawkhill, and Wordcn; the first of which has a
head post-olfice, designated Bilton, Northumberland.
Acres, 2,045; of which 392 are water. Pop., 750.
Hou,scs, 153. The parish includes also the township of
Alnmouth, which has a post-otiice under Bilton. Acres
of the parish, 2,024. Real property, £7,271; of which
£18 are in fisheries. Pop., 1,202. Houses, 253. Tiic
property is subilividcd. The manor belongs to the Duke
of Northumberland. Tliere are a large corn-uiill, a
large timber-yard, and a slates-depot, from v.hich con-
fldcrable quantities of slates are shipjiod. The living is
a vicarage in the diocese of Durham. Value, £269.* Pa-
tron, the Lord Chancellor. The church is ancient, was
Tc.^Cuicd in 1846, and lias a tov'er. Th'Te are an Es-
tablished place of worsliip at Alnmouth, a Weslej-.m
ch.iijel, and au endowed school. ^ . ^.
LESCADDOCK CASTLE, an ancient circular camp
in the SW of Cornwall; on a hill above Cliyandour, in
the NE vicinity of Penzance. It is considerably ob-
literated, yet still possess'.-s interest; it commands a fine
view of the town aud harbour of Penzance; and it is ap-
proached by a lane a little E of the r. station.
LESKEARD. See Liskeard.
LESNEWTH, a parish aud a hundred in Cornwall.
The parish is in Camelford district; and lies 4i miles N
by E of Camelford, and 14 W by N of Launccston r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Bnscastlc, Cornwall. Acres, 2,023.
Real property, £1,167. Pop., 114. Houses, 23. The
manor belongs to Lord Churston. The surface is hilly.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value,
£200.* Patron, Lord Churston. The church is an-
cient; was recently restored; includes some Noiman
features; comprises nave, S ti'ansept, and chancel, with
a tower; and contains a piscina and an ancient font.
There is a dissenting chapel. — The hundred contains
also seventeen other parishes, and includes the town of
Camelford. Acres, 63,839. Pop. in 1851, 8,962; in
1861, 8,151. Houses, 1,088. •
LESSIN6HA5I, a village and a parish in Tunstead
district, Norfolk. The village stands near the coast, 7
miles ESE of North Walsham, and 14 NNE of Brundall
r. station; and has a post-office under Norwich. — The
parish comprises 639 acres. Real property, £1,297.
Pop., 175. Houses, 50. The property is divided among
a few; and the greater part belongs to N. Cubitt, Esq.
An alien priory, under Ogboume in WUts, and attached
to the abbey of Bee in Normandy, was founded here in the
time of WiUiam Rufus; underwent change of proprietor-
ship in the time of Henry VI. ; and was given, at the
general dissolution, to King's college, Cambridge. The
living is a rectory, annexed to the rectory of Hempstead,
in the diocese of Norwich. The church is ancient, and
has a painted rood-screen. There are a national school,
and charities £5.
LES3INGHAM, Lincoln. See Leasingham.
LESSNESS, a hamlet and a hundred in the NW of
Kent. The hamlet is in Erith parish; bears the name
of Lessness-Hcath; lies round Abbey -Wood r. starion, 12
miles E of London-bridge; has become a favourite rail-
way suburb of London; and has a post-office under Lon-
don SE, a church, an Independent chapel, two Baptist
chapels, a middle-cl.i.^ school, and a charity school for
girls and infants. The church bears the name of All
Saints-Beh-idere; w;i^ built in 1853, by Sir Culling E.
Eardley, Bart.; was enlarged after 1861; and is in the
early English style. A section of the parish, con-
taining about 1,000 inliabitunt.s, was allotted to it. The
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Canterbury.
Value, £200.* Patrons, Trustees. The pop. of the
hamlet in 1866 w;ls about 1,800. Lessness was the
ancient name of Erith parish, and was originally ■v\Titten
Loisnes. An Augustinian abbey was founded at the
handet, in 1178, by Richard de Lucy, chief-justice of
England; wius given, by Henry VIII. , to Cardinal Wol-
sey, toward the endowing of his ucw college at Oxford;
went, after Wolsey's fall, first to AVilliam ]5rereton, after-
wards to Sir Ralph SaiUer; and passed, toward tlie end
of the 17th century, partly to St. Bartholomew's hospital,
and partly to Christ's hospital, in London. Some walls
of the edifice still remain; and the ancient boiuidary -wall
of the garden still .stands. A modern house, called Ab-
bey-Farm, stands on part of the foundation; and a mar-
ket-garden is within the arc*!. — The hundred is in the
latlie of Sutton-at-Hone; bears the name of Little aud
Lessne.ss; and contains the parishes of Erith, Crayford,
Plumstcad, and Eait Wickhani. Acres, 11,650. Pop.
in 1851, 14.205; in 1861, 32,584. Houses, 4,645.
LESTWITIIIEL. See J,osTWiTnn;L.
LETCIIMOOUE-Gi:.EEN, a suburban portion of Stev-
enage town, in Stevenage parish, Herts.
LETCIIMOUE-HE.VrH, a village iu Aldenhaia par-
ish, Herts; 3 miles EXE of Watford. It luis a post-olfice
uniler Watford.
LETCHWORTH, a parisli in Hitchin district. Herts;
adjacent to the Hitcliiu and Koystou railway, aud near
LETCOilBE-BASSETT.
16
LEVAN.
Icknield -street, 2 miles EXE of Hitcliiu r. station.
Post-town, Hitcliin. Acres, 1,027. Real property,
jE1,376. Pop., 68. Houses, 13. All the property,
with Letchworth House, belongs to the T!ev. Charles
Alington. Au ancient camp, 7 acres in area, with steep
sides, and with a rampart 5 feet high, is on the Wil-
bury hills ; and a tumulus is J a mile S of it. The
living is a rectory iu the diocese of Kochester. Value,
i;240.* Patron, the Eev. J. Alingtou. The church is
ancient and good.
LETCOMBE-BASSETT, a parish iu Wantage district,
Berts; on the Ridge- way, 2 J mUes SW by S of Wantage,
and 4 SSE of Challow r. station. It has a postal pillar-
box under W.antage. Acres, 1,260. Real property-,
£1,695. Pop., 2S3. Houses, 60. The property is sub-
divided. An ancient camp, called Letcombe Castle, is
here on the Ridge-way. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of Oxford. Value, £300.* Patron, Corpus
Christi College, Oxford. The church is partly Norman;
was lengthened, and a tower added, about 1260; was
thoroughly repaired, and an aisle added, in 1862; and
contains a Norman font. There are a Wesleyan chapel,
a national school, and some charities. Dean Swift re-
tired hither in 1713, and vrrote here his " Free
Thoughts.''
LETCOJIBE-REGIS, a village, a township, and a
parish, in Wantage district, Berks. The village stands
on a branch of the river Ock, 14 mile SW of Wantage,
and 3J SE by S of Challow r. station; and has a postal
pillar-box under Wantage. The township includes the
village, and extends much beyond it. Real property,
£3,r>12. Pop., 431. Houses, 101. — The parish contains
also the townships of East Challow and West Challow.
Acres, 3,720. Real property, £8,183. Pop., 1,014.
HoiLses, 223. The property is much subdivided. The
manor of Letcombe-Regis is held by F. Parr, Esq., under
the Dean and Chapter of Westminster; and the mancr
of West Challow belongs to C. C. Ferard, Esq. A modem
house, surrounded by a moat, occupies the site of what
is thought to have been a hunting-box of King John. A
beautiful hill, called Castle Hill, rises behind the vil-
lage; and is crowned by a Roman camp. Very large
works, for the making of engines and agricultural imple-
ments, are iu East Challow. Large quantities of water-
cresses are sent to the London market. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Oxford. Value, £245.* Pa-
ti'ons, the Dean and Chapter of Winchester. The church
is late Norman, with perpendicular English additions;
consists of nave and chancel, with embattled tower; and
contains a Nonnan font. The p. curacy of East Challow
is a separate benefice. There are a national school, and
charities £18.
LETHERINGHAJI, a parish, with a village, in
Plomesgate district, Suffolk ; on the river Deben, 24
miles XW of Wickham-ilarket, and 2.^ WSW of Par-
ham r. station. Post-town, Wickham-Market. Acres,
1,134. Real property, £1,718. Pop., 208. Houses,
39. The manor belongs to the Duke of Hamilton. A
priory of Black canons, a cell to St. Peter's monastery in
Ipswich, was founded here by Sir Edwin Bovile; and
w;is given, at the dissolutiou, iirst to Sir Anthony Wing-
field, afterwards to his third daugliter, Elizabeth Naun-
ton. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the p. curacy
of Hoo, in the diocese of Norwich. The church is an-
cient; belonged to the priory; has a tower; and contains
some decayed monuments of the Boviles, the Wingfiehls,
and the Nauntons.
LETHERINGSETT, a village and a parish in Erping-
liam district, Norfolk. The village stands on the river
Glarvin, 1 mUe W by N of Holt, and 84 E by N of Wal-
singham r. station; is a pretty place; and has a post-
office under Thetford. The parisli comprises 853 acres.
Real property, £2,109. Pop., 323. Houses, 67. The
jiropcrty is divided among a few. The HaU is the seat
of W H. C. Hardy, Esq. There is a large brewery.
The living is a rectory iu the diocese of Norwich. Value,
£227.* Patron, the Rev. H. Bro\vne. The church was
built soon after the Norman conquest, has a round tower,
Rud is in good condition.
LETHERSLEY, a place in Sudbury parish, Derby;
on the river Trent, OA miles NW of Burton.
LETIIITOR, a conical granitic eminence iu the SW
of Dartmoor, Devon; 8 miles SE of Tavistock. It lia.«
a very fine outline, .ind excels in appearance most of t!iu
Dartmoor tore.
LETTERSTON, a village and a parUh in Haverford-
west district, Pembri ke. The village stands on a branch
of the river Cleddau, 7 miles NW^^hy N of Clarbeston-
Road r. station, and 9 N by W of Haverfordwest; and
has a post-office under Haverfordwest. The parish coru-
prises 2,216 acres. Real property, £1,440. Pop., 511.
Houses, 120. The property is much subdivided. Tlie
manor belonged anciently to the Lettards. Heathfield
Lodge is a chief residence. The living is a rectorj-,
united with the p. curacy of Llanfair-Nuut-y-Gof, in
the diocese of St. David's. Value, £337.* Patron, the
Lord Chancellor. The church is good, and contains an
effigies of a Lettard.
LETTON, a township and a parish in Weobly district,
Hereford. The township lies on the river Wye, 24 miles
SSW of Kinnersley r. station, and 54 SW of Weobly,
and has a post-office lander Hereford. Real property,
£1,660. Pop., 137. Houses, 33.— The parish contains
also the township of Hurstley, and comprises 1,196
acres. Real property, £2,158. Pop., 238. Houses,
53. The manor, with Letton Court, belongs to the Rev.
Henry BUsset. Part of the land is under hops. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Hertford. Value,
£221.* Patron, the Rev. H. Blisset. The church is
ancient, has a tower, and contains monumental tablets
of the Blissets. Charities, a share of £639 with Staun-
ton-upon-Wye.
LETTON, a hamlet in Walford, Letton, and Newton
township, Leintwardine parish, Herefjrd ; 84 miles
WSW of Ludlow.
LETTON, a parish in llitford district, Norfolk; at
the source of the river Blaokwater, 4 miles W of Thiix-
ton r. station, and 5 S3V/ of East Dereham. Post-town,
Shiphdain, under Thetfonl. Acres, 1,274. Real pro-
jierty, £1,907. Pop. in 1351. 150; iu 1S61, 111.
Houses, 24, The property, with Letton Hall, belongs
to B. Gurdon, Esq. The living is a rectory, annexed to
the rectory of Cranworth, in the diocese of Norwich.
There is no church.
LETWELL, a towuship-chapelry in I.Kiughton-eu-le-
Morthen parish, W. R. Yorkshire; adjacent to the
boundary with Notts, 4 miles SSW of TickhiU, and 5 N of
Shireoak r. station. It has a post-office under Worksop.
Acres, 1,090. Real property, £1,330. Pop. in 1851,
115; in 1861, 139. Houses, 27. The manor belongs to
Sir Thomas W. White, Bart. The living is a p. cu-
racy, annexed to the p. curacy of Firbeck, in the diocese
of York. The church consists of nave, N aisle, and
chancel, with a tower.
LEUCARUM. See Loughor.
LEUCOiLAGUS. See Bedwix (Gre.vt).
LEVAN, or St. Levax, a parish in Penzance district,
Cornwall; on the coast, SJ miles SE by E of Lands End,
and 8 SW of Penzance r. station. Post-town, St. Bur-
yan, under Penzance. Acres, 2,328. Real property,
£3,037. Pop., 447. Houses, 89. The property Ls
much subdivided. The coast is bold and granitic: and
presents fis.sured, shattered, columnar-looking cliffs,
which have a rude resemblance to pimiaclts or spires.
Tol-Pedu-Penwith, or "the holed headland of Penwith,"
is a promontoiy at the SW extremity of ilount's bay;
and takes its name from a deep well-like chasm, called
the Funnel Rock, through which the sea, during a storm,
dashes \vith terrific noise. A famous logau or rocking-
stone crowns one of three rocks, called Castle Treryn, or
Trereen D^-nas Camp, overhanging the sea ; is so deli-
cately poised, as to be easily rocked to and fro bj' a single
person; has a computed weiglit of not less than 90 tons;
waslongbelieved tobeirremoveablebyanynumberof men,
with any ordinary mechanical appliances; w:is, neverthe-
less, dislodged, in a frolic, in 1824, by a party of seamen,
and caught in its descent b)' a narrow chasm; and was after-
wards, by the same party, hoisted up and replaced with
LEVEDALE.
i;
LEVEll (Great).
the aid of -.-apslans and cliain-f. An entrenchment of
t-arthand r:.-nes, forming a triple line of defence, isolates
die headl ir. i, and ooc;u>ions tlio name castle or camp;
and :he or.:er vallam of it is about 15 feet high. A cop-
per laice Wi3 ^sTorked to the depth of Co'O yards, and em-
rilj'Vc'i 460 Lan'ii The living is a rectory in the diocese
of Exeter. Valae, not reported. Patron, the Crown.
The churrh ^"inds on a lonely spot, beside two cottages;
is a stone •^■Lice, irith a tower; and contains a nionu-
i3fc::t of ilLiS Dennis, theauthor of "Sophia de St. Clare,"
and a native. The churchyard has lich-stones at the
tutraaoes, and cuntains a fine old cross. The ruiu of an
ancient baprlstry is on the bank of a ri'nilet, at what is
ttill'T-i the well of St. Levan ; and this, together with the
parish, tak^ name from an ancient anchorite, who was
ca::otized titer his death. There are chapels for Wes-
Icvans and Priinitive Methodists; and there is a national
school for the parishes of St. Levan and Sennen.
LEVEDALE. a liberty in Penkridge parish, Stafford;
i milis N W cf Penkridge.
LEVELA>"D. See LEA^^EIA^■D.
LEVELS, a hamlet in Thome parish, W. Pl. York-
shire; near Thome.
LEVELS-GREEX, a hamlet in Bishop-Stortford par-
ish, Herts; 2 miles XXW of Bishop-Stortford
LEVELS '^"HrGH and Low), two hamlets in Hatfield
vcTi^ TV. P^ Yorkshire; 3 miles SW of Thome.
LET'EX <Th2) a river of the NW of Lancashire. It
issues from the foot of 'Windermere; flows 5 miles south-
■westward, fast ^ewby-bridge, Backbarrow, and Haver-
thvraite; be-gins then to expand slowly into estuary; re-
K-ives, 2^ iiales below Haverthwaite, the river Crake,
coming down f.-om Coniston-water; and then goes 6 miles
southward, with a breadth increasing to 3 miles, into
identification with ilorecambe bay. Its estuary is left
•iry by the recsiing tide, and bears then the name of
LeveL Sinls.
LEVEN" <j:in:\ Cumberiand. See Line (The).
LEVEN (.ThzI, N. P^ Yorkshire. See Leaven (The).
LEVEX, a village, a township, a parish, and a sub-
district in E. E. Yorkshire. The village stands 4| miles
E by X of AiTsm r. station, and 6 NE of Beverley; is
ccnnc-cted by a t^asal, westward, with the river HuU;
coniprises.two sti-eets crossing at right angles; is a seat
<•■: p^tty sesdons; and has a post-oliice:^ under Reverlej'.
The township is in Beverley district, and comprises 3,517
acnhs. Real property, £6,12i; of which £230 are in the
ciaaL Pop., &i9. Houses, 195. The parish contains
also the township of Hempholme in Skirlaugh district,
at.d comprises 4,437 acres. Eeal property, £7,521. Pop.,
'JV'). Hca=es, 210. The property is divided among a
few. The livinj is a rectory in the diocese of York.
Valu^i, £1,1S0.* PatT.3n, J. T. Leather, Esq. The
charijh has an open-timbered roof, a fine E window, and
a tower; and is goo^L There are chapels for AVesley-
a^s and Primitive ilethodists, a parochial school, and a
girls' sohooL The sub-district is in Beverley district,
ail contait^ Leven township and Eouth and Wawne
parishes. Acres, 10,9S4. Pop., 1,469. Houses, 279.
LEVEJT-BEIDGE, a hamlet in HUton and Stainton
parishes, X. ?i. Yorkshire; on the river Tees, at the iu-
H-js of the Leaven, 2 miles NE of Yarm.
LEVENNY". See Llewen.vy.
LEVENS, a township and a chapelry in Hevei'sham
y^ari^'a, "WestmorelanL The township lies on the river
Kcct, 2j miles NNW of Miluthorpe r. station, and 5^
S by W of Kenflai; contains the hamlets of Beathwaite-
Green and Sizei;gh-Hiliside, and part of Brigsteer; and
Ljs a jrtst-'lTi'.-e under Milnthorpe. Acres, 3,953; of
•y'!iich. o'i are water. Peal property, £5,373. Pop., 936.
Hooses, lil. Tne manor belonged to the Redmans;
;=i.M-rd to the Br;lLingLim= and the Grahams; and, with
Levens Hall, l:-e!ocgs now to the Howards. The Hull
is a 3r.^ oil Tcior maiuion; contains much elaborate
c'-ken carved -..-o.-k, and some interesting pictures; and
KVind? amid charming grounds. The gardens were
J liiintd by Beaumont, g:u-d.-ner to James II.; and the
park is traversed by the Kent, between steep and richly
^r'-'r-.itd bankSj^ontains a petrifying spring, called tha
droppiiig-well, — and Ikis a fine distribution of lawn and
wood; while herds of deer
" across the green sward bound.
Through shade and sunny gleam ;
And the swans glide past tuem, with the sound
Of Kent's rejoicing stream."
Leveus bridge takes the road from Slilnthoi-pe to Kendal
across the Kent; and Levens Force is a foaming cascade
of the river, nearly a mile above the bridge. Under
Levens Hall was the seat of the Leivins and the Pres-
tons. A ruin at Kirkstead is supposed to occupy the
site, and even to include some portions of a Roman tem-
ple dedicated to Diana. — The chapelry is less extensive
than the township, and was constituted in 1838. Pop.,
804. Houses, 166. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of Carlisle. Value, £200.* Patron, the Hon.
Mrs. Howard. The church is modem, in the early
English style, with tower and spire.
LEVENSHL'LME, a village, a township, and a par-
ochial chapelrj', in Manchester parish, Lancaster. The
village stands near the Manchester and Stockport rail-
way, 3 miles SE by S of Manchester; and has a starion
on the railway, and a post-office under Manchester. The
township comprises 605 acres. Real property, £8,267.
Pop. in 1851, 1,902; in 1S61, 2,095. Houses, 421. There
are many modem residences of ilanchester families, two
small cotton miUs, and bleaching works. — The chapelry
is more e.Ktensive than the township, and was consri-
tuted in 1861. Pop., 2,538. Houses, 515. The living
is a rector}' in the diocese of Manchester. Value, not
reportecL Patrons, Trustees. There are chapels for In-
dependents, Wesleyans, Free Methodists, and Roman
Catholics. There is also a convent. The Free ilethodist
chapel was built in 1864; and a school, in connexion
with it, to accommodate 250 children, was built in 1866.
National schools were erected in 1855.
LEVENTHORPE, a village in Thornton chapelry,
Bradford parish, W. E. Yorkshire; 3 miles W of Brad-
ford. The inhabitants are employed chiefly in worsted
mills, and in neighbouring uiines.
LEVEE, a sub-district in Bolton district, Lancashire;
containing the townships of Great Lever and Darcy-
Levcr, and the chapelry of Little Lever. Acres, 2,330.
Pop., 6,683. Houses, 1,298.
LEVEEl'.EIDGE, a chapelry in Bolton-le-Moors par-
ish, Lanca.shire; on the river Croal, the Bolton and
Bury railway, and the Bolton and Manchester canal, 1 .V
mile E by S of Bolton r. station. It comprises the town-
ship of Darcy- Lever, and part of the to\vnship of Ilaulgh;
and was constituted in 1844. Post-town, Bolton. Ra-
ted property, £9,497. Pop., 2,844. Houses, 559.
Most of the land belongs to the Earl of Bradford, Capt.
Oats, and Jlr. Bradshaw. Darcy-Lever HaU is the seat
of W. Gray, Esq. ; Darcy-Lever Old Hall, of W. Hor-
ridge, Esq. ; and Snow-HUl, of E. Barlow, Esq. There are
several collieries and cotton mills. A magnificent via-
duct takes the Bolton and Bury railway over the valle}';
and a three-arched aqueduct takes the Bolton and Man-
chester canal across the river. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocesa of Manchester. Value, £210. Patron,
alternately the Crown and the Bishop. The church was
built in 1844, at a cost of upwards of £3,000, on a site
given by the Earl of Bradford; aud is a cruciform stmc-
ture tif ten'a-cotta, in the decorated English style, with
tower and spire. There are a "Weslcyan chapel, a na-
tional school, and charities £35.
LEVER-DARCY. See Darcy-Lever.
LEVEE (Gr.E.u), a township-chapelrj-, with a village,
in Middleton parish, Lancashire; on the Lancashire and
Yorkshire railway, near the Bolton and Bury canal, 1^
mile SSK of Bolton r. station. Post-town, P.oltou.
Acres, 770. Real property, £10,174; of which £3,750
are in mines. Pop., 722. Houses, 133. .Most of X\u\
land belongs to the Earl of Bradford and the Earl of
Ellesmere. Tliere are some good residences; and there
are chemical -works, bleaching -works, and collieries.
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Jlanchester.
Value, £130. Patron, the Eari of BradfonL Tha
LEVERINGTOy.
18
LEW.
churcli is in the early and decorated English styles; and
consists of nave and chancel, with a bell-turret.
LEVER INGTON, a village, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict, in Wisbeach district, CamlTidge. The village
stands near the boundary vrith Norfolk, 1 mile W of the
river Nen, and 2 NW by N of Wisbeach r. station; and
haa a post-office under Wisbeach. The parish contains
also the hamlets of Drove-Fen, Swan-Gull, and Murrow,
and the chapelry of Parson-Drove. Acres, 7,S71. Real
property, £21,249. Pop., 2,143. Houses, 460. The
property is subdivided; and several of the lando^vners
farm their own estates. The surface was formerly fen;
bat now, in general, has a rich loamy soil. The living
is a rector}' in the diocese of Ely. Value, £2,350.*
Patron, the Bishop of Ely. The church is early English;
was restored and beautified in IS^o; comprises nave,
aisles, chancel, and porch, with tower and spire; and
contains sedilia, an ancient font, and several monuments.
The p. curacy of Parson-Drove is a separate benefice. A
chantry was formerly at Fitten-End; and an hospital
was anciently at the village. There are an endowed
school with £48 a-year, and other charities, with £450.
Bishop Warren and Nasmith the editor of Tanner's
"Kotitia," were rectors. The snb-district contains
also three other paiishes. Acres, 25,524. Pop., 5,3S5.
Houses, 1,178.
LEVER (LrxTLE), a village and a chapelry in Bolton-
le-Moors parish, Lancashire. The village stands 1 mile
SSW of Bradley-Fold r. station, and 3 SSE by E of
Bolton; and has a post-officei under Bolton. The
chapeby includes the junction of the Bolton and Bury
and the Bolton and Manchester canals, and extends
eastward to the river Irwell. Acres, 1,020. Real pro-
perty, £22,305; of which £12,500 are in mines. Pop.
in 1851, 3,511; in 1861, 3,890. Houses, 756. The
property is subdivided. There are extensive collieries,
extensive chemical works, several cotton mills, paper
mills, and bleaching works. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of JIanchester. Value, £150.* Patron,
the Vicar of Bolton. The old church was a plain brick
structure, with a bell-turret. The new church was
built in 1865, and is a stone edifice designed to have a
tower, which was not completed in Oct. 1866. There
are chapels for Independents and Wesleyans, and a na-
tional school. Thomas Lever, an eminent preacher in
the time of Edward VL, and Oliver Heywoexl, the non-
conformist, were natives.
LEVERSDALE. See L.i.VERSDALE.
LEVERSTOCK-GREEN, a chapelry in St. Michael,
Abbots -Langley, and Heniel-Hempstead parishes, Herts;
near the river Ver, 4 miles NW of S:. Albans r. station.
It w^as constituted in 1850; and it has a post-office under
Hemel-Hempstead. Pop. in 1861, 1,247. Houses, 254.
Pop. of the St. Michael portion, 343; of the Abbots-
Langley portion, 554. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese ot Rochester. .Value, £50. Patron, the Earl of
Vendam. The church was built in 1349.
LEVERS-WATER, a lakelet in the NW of Lancashire;
on the tableau of Coniston fells, beneath the NE shoulder
of the Old Man of Coniston.
LEVERTON, a village and a parish in Boston district,
Lincoln. The village stands 2| miles from the coast,
3i^ SE of Sibsey r. station, and 5^ NE of Boston; and
has a post-office under Boston. The parish contains
also the hamlet of Outgate, includes a fen allotment, and.
extends to the coast. Acres, 7,100; of which 3,710 are
water. Real property, £7,936. Pop., 770. HoiLses,
148. Pop. of the fon .illotmeut, 12. Houses, 5. Tlie
property is much subdivided. The New Hall is the
seat of J. W. Dawson, Esq. The living is a rectory in
the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £350. * Patron, alter-
nately the Lord Chancellor imd A. Booth, Esq. The
church is partly late decorated Eii:;lish, partly perpen-
dicular; consists of nave, aisles, aad chancel, with a
tower; and contains three canopied sedUia, a double row
of chancel stalls, and an octagonal font. There are a
Wesleyan chapel, and charities £180.
LEVERTON, a tj-thing in ChUton-Foliatt parish,
Berks; on the river Keimet, 1 mUe N of Hungcrtbid.
LEVERTON, a railway-station in Notts; on the Ret-
ford and Lincoln railway, 54 miles E of Ea.st Retford.
LEVERTON (North), a parish, with a village, iu'
East Retford district, Notts; on the Retford and Lin-
coln railway, at Levertou r. station, 2i miles W of the
river Trent, and 5 i- E of East Retford. Post-to^ra, South
Leverton, imder Retford. Acres, 1,050. Real propertv,
£2,593. Pop., 329. Houses, 79. The property 'is
divided among a few. The manor belongs to G. S. Fol-
jambe, Esq. The living is a vioarage in the diocese of
Lincoln. Value, £200. Patron, the Bishop of ilan-
chester. The church is old but good, and has a tower.
Charities £5.
LEVERTON (Soitth), a Tillage, a township, and a
parish, in East Retford district, Notts. The village
stands ^ a mile S of Leverton r. station, and 5k E by S
of East Retford; and has a post-office under Retford.
The to-ivnship comprises 1,630 acres. Real property
£3,564. Pop., 408. Houses, 97.— The parish contains
also the chapelry of Cottam, and comprises 2,530 acres.
Real property, £4,378. Pop., 494. Houses, 116. The
property is much subdividei The manor belongs to
G. S. Foljambe, Esq. The living is a vicarage, uSited
with the p. curacy of Cottam, in the diocese of Lincoln.
Value, £134.* Patron, the Bishop of Lincoln. The
church is old but good; and consists of nave, aisles, and
chancel, with a tower. There are a Wesleyan chapel,
and an endowed school with £20 a-year.
LEVETT-HAGG, a hamlec in Warmsworth parish,
W. R. Yorkshire; 3 miles WSW of Doucostcr. There
are lime quarries.
LEVINGTON, a village and a parish iTi Woodbridgo
district, Sultblk. The village stands on tlie river Or-
well, 5 mUes SE of Ipswich r. station; and has a post-
office under Ipswich. The pari.sh comprises 1,033 acres
of liind, and 65 of water. Real property, £1,581. Pop.,
228. Houses, 48. The property is divided among a
few. The manor belongs to G. Tomline, Esq. Leving-
ton HaU is the seat of T. E&binson, Esq. Sliell s;iuil
was first used here in 1718, and continues to be used,.
for manuring. The living is a rectory, annexed to the
rectory of Nacton, in tlie diocese of Norwich. The
church is a brick structure, with a tower. There are
alms-houses for three persons of Lcvington and three of
Nacton, and other charities £15. There was anciently
a lazar-house.
LEVISHAM, a parish in Pickering district, N. R.
Yorkshire; on the York and Whitby luilway, 6 miles
NNE of Pickering. It has a station on the railway; and
its post -to^vn is Pickering, under York. Acres, 2,962.
Real property, £1,029. Pop., 148. Houses, 30. The
property is divided among a few. The luanor belongs
to James Walker, Esq. Levisham Bottoms are a culti-
vated and weU-wooded vale, traversed by the railway,
and interesting to geologists. "The sections of strata
about the Levisham station," says Professor Phillips,
" are very instnictive parts of the peculiar oolitic coal-
field, showing, in downward order, the coralline oolite,
calcareous grit, O.-Jord clay, Kelloway's rock, combrash,
sandstones and shaies, with plants, marks of coal, ami
granular ironstone of great richness, in thin irregular
beds and nodides. " The living is a rectoiy in the diocese
of York. Value, £120. Patron, the Rev. R. Skelton.
The clmrch was rebuilt in 1S04. There is an endowed
school with £15 a-year.
LEW (The), a stream in the W of Devon; nmning
about 13 miles west-south-westward, i)ast Lew-Tren>;hard,
to the Tamar in the neighbourhood of Launceston.
LEW, a viU.ige and a cliapelry in Banqjton parish,
Oxford. Tlie village stands 2i miles NE of Bampton,
and 2.^ SSW of Witney r. st'ition; and has a post-otUcu
undfT Faringilon. The chapelry ranked formerly as a
hamlet of Bampton parish, and as an appenilnge to
Bampton vic-arage; and is now .sometimes called Dump-
ton-Lew. Acre.s, 1,500. Real property, £1,699. Pop.,
182. Houses, 44. Lew House, with an estate in the
])arish, recently became the property of Cluistohurch,
Oxford. The living is a vicaraije in the diocese of Os-
foitL Value, £300.* Patrons," the Dean and Chapter
LKWAXN'ICK.
19
LEWES.
of Exeter. The church is a plain edifice of nave, aisle, and
chancel, with tower and spire. There is a national school.
LEWANNICK, a vill;u;e and a parish in Launceston
district, Cornwall. The village stands on the river
Inny, 5 miles SW of Launceston r. station; and has a
post-oCice under Launceston. The parish comprises
4,000 acres. Keal property, £4,3'25. Pop. in 18.51,
747; in 1S61, 635. Houses, 13S. The decrease of pop.
arose from the stoppage of mining, and from emigration.
The property is much subdivided. Trelaske Hou.se is the
seat of the Archers. Good building-stone, a very hard
slate stone, and a fiue vari-coloured freestone, for mantel-
pieces and ornamental work, are quarried- The living is
a vicarage in the diocese of Eseter. Value, £242.*
Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church is early Eng-
lish, not in good condition ; has a lofty pinnacled tower;
and contains monuments of the Lowers and the Archers.
A chapel to Minster priory was formerly at PoUyfont.
There are chapels for Independents, Baptists, and Biblo
Christians, and a national school.
LEWCOMBE. See Chelborouch (East).
LEWDOWN, a village in Lew-Trenchard, Marystow,
and Thrushelton parishes, Devon; 8 miles N by W of
Tavistock. It has a post-office, designated Lewdown,
North Devon, and a cattle fair on the Wednesday before
the third Thursday of April.
LEWELL, a hamlet in Knighton parish, Dorset; Sj
miles E of Dorchester.
LEWES, a town, several parishes, a sub-district, a
district, and a rape in Sussex. The town stands on the
river Ouse, at a convergence of railways, amid the South
Do^vn hills, 7 miles NNW of Nev/haven, and 7 NE of
Brighton. Its situation is picturesque; its environs, on
aU sides, to a considerable distance, abound in fine
scenery, ranging from the beautiful to the romantic; and
a. number of spots in the neighbourhood, particularly
Cliffe HUl immediately to the E, and Mount Harry 24
mOes to the NW, command very striking views. The
Onse is navigable liom the to'ivn to the sea at Newhaven;
and railways go in five directions, toward Brighton,
Newhaven, Hastings, Uckfield, and a junction with the
London and Brighton at Keymer.
Leaves is supposed, from the abundance of ancient Brit-
ish names of places around it, to have been a site or
centre of ancient British settlers. It is supposed also,
from the discovery of numerous Roman coins, urns,
rings, pateroe, and other Roman relics in and near it, as
well as from other slight evidence, to have been the site
of the Koman station Mutuantonis. It is fii-st mentioned
in history as a demesne of the south Sason kings; it had
a strong castle in the Saxon times; it had also two mints
in the time of Athelstane, while Chichester and Hastings
had each only one ; and it probably got its name from
the Sa.xon word Hlcew, anciently pronounced Lowes,
and signifying "a hill." It was given, by William the
Conqueror, soon after the conquest, to William de War-
rene, who had married the Conqueror's fourth daughter,
Gundrada ; and it was then known as Laquis. De War-
rene either restored and enlarged the old castle, or built
a new one; and he and his wife founded, in 1073, a Clu-
niac priory, at the foot of the Castle-hill; and these two
structures, for several centuries, .gave great importance
to the town. A battle was fought, in 1264, on Mount
Ilarry, between the forces of Henry III. and those of the
confedei-ated barons under Simon de Blontfort, Earl of
Leicester, when the king was defeated and taken pri-
soner, and after which a treaty was concluded with him,
kno-.v-n as the " Mise of Lewes." The town was repeat-
edly agitated by the descents of the French on the co;\st,
out never sustained any serious damage from tliein ; it
was the scene of si.xteen martyrdoms in the time of
Queen Mary; and it sutl'ered some trouble from the non-
conformists, after the I{(;.storati(m ; but it has not wit-
nessed any other considerable occui'rence.s. Archlnshop
Peckliani, Sir T. Springett, Dr. John Tabor, Dr. U.
Rus.sell, Thomas Woolgar, Sir .John Evelyn, Sir Henry
Bldckman, and Dr. Mantell, were natives or residents;
and Thomas Paine, author of tlie "I'ughts of Man,"
spent his early manliood here as an exciseniai;.
The castle stood on a hill, towering grandly above the
body of the town, and gii:irdingan important route from
the coast to the interior. It remained with the War-
rcnes till the extinction of the family in the 14th cen-
turj'; and it then passed to the Fitzalans of Arundel.
Some portions of it still exist, and possess much interest.
The gate-house is early English; has battlements and
machicolations; and appears to have had a double port-
cullis. A gate-way, immediately within, is Norman,
with plain semicircular arch; and probably is a portion
of the original work of the first De Warrene. The outer
ballium, or base court, was an irregular oval; has, at the
extremities, two artificial mounds, nearlj' 800 feet apart
from centre to centre; andhad, on these mound.s, two keeps,
each apparently with four octagonal towers. Two towers
of one of the keeps still stand; are beset with a thicket of
asli-trees, and with ivy; and, though probably of earlier
date than the gate-house, are of a date much later than
the Norman gate-way. One of them is now occupied as
a museum, by the Sussex Archseological Society; con-
tains seals of the Cinque ports, relics of the Sussex iron-
works, celts and potiery from barrows in the neighbour-
ing do\ni3, and other curious local antiquities; and com-
mands, from its leads, a magnificent view over the
Weald, and from the sea to the Surrey hills.
The Cluniac priory, founded in 1078, was the first of
its kind in England: continued, for 150 years, to be the
only one in England; and was afterwards the head of
its order in England. It displaced a small wooden
chapel, of Saxon date, dedicated to St. Pancras; and it
was itself dedicated to the same saint. It was so large
and stately as to cover 32 acres; and it had a church
150 feet long, with w<dls 10 feet thick. It was occu-
pied by Henry III. and his followers, on the night prior
to the battle of Mount Harry; it gave transient refuge
to Prince Edward after the battle; and it was set on fire
by the victorious barons, but did not suffer much in-
jury from the fiames. Edmund Dudley, the favourite
of Henry III., was educated in it; and Dudley's father
is said tu have been its carpenter. The remains of some
distinguished persors were interred in its chapter-house;
and stately tombs or monuments of numerous De AVar-
renes, Clares, De Veres, St. Johns, and Fitzalans, were
erected in its church. Its site was given, at the disso-
lution, to Thomas. Lord Cromwell ; reverted to the
Crown; was given, by Elizabeth, to Thomas Sackville,
Earl of Dorset; p.xs=ed afterwards through many hands;
was intersected by the railway in 1845; and is now pri-
vate property, rented by the Archa;ological Society.
Most of the buihlings were demolished by Cromwell ;
some portions were constructed, by the SackvLlles, into
a family mansion, cilled Lord's Place, which was after-
wards burned down ; a portion of a pigeon-house, of
cruciform structme, as large as many a parish church,
and containing 3,225 pigeon-holes, stood till about the
year 1808 ; the very substructions of the chapter-house
and of the church were cut through, or dug up, in the
excavations for the railway; and only a few scanty ves-
tiges now exist. Some fragments of late Norman wall,
and of a winding stair, still stand. A round subterra-
nean building, called the Lantern, and seeming to have
been the prison of the priory, can still be entered by a long
narrow jiassage, from what was originally a vaulted
cryjTt, now under the railway. Traces of the fish poml
also may still be seen. An artificial mound, in what i.-;
now a cricket-giounJ, was possibly the base for a Cal-
vary ; and a hollow near it, called the Dripping-pnn,
was perhaps the jiriory -garden. Two leaden coltins, in-
scriLied with the names of William do V\'anene and
(luudrada, and no doubt containing their remains, were
found about 2 feet below the surfiee, at the excavating
of the chaptor-housc for the railway; and have been de-
poiited in a beautiful niau.soleum. Greeted for the pur-
[•ose on tlie S side of' the adjacent church of Southover.
Uther hum.an remains also v.-ere found there; and tiie re-
mains of seemingly many hundred bodies, filling a cir-
cular pit, 10 feet in Jia'.neteraud IS feet deep, were found
a few feet E of tl'.e church.
A prioiy of Grey friaj-s, and two ho.^jiitals, d^dic^ited
LEWES.
20
LEWES.
to St. James and St. Nicholas, also were in Leives; but
these too have disappeared. — A number of ancient Brit-
i.sh vases of rude workmanship, a number of human skel-
etons, with barrel-shaped drinking cups at the head and
the feet, and several sepulchral urns, containing the cal-
cined ashes of human bones, were found, in 1534, in the
course of an excavation for a water-work tank; and two
of these relics lay at the remarkable depth of at le;\st 14
feet, embedded in solid chalk rock, and surrounded by
Jiones of various animals. Fossil remains of the mega-
losaurus and the plesiosaurus, with those of crocodiles,
tortoises, cetaceous fishes, and birds, were found in the
vicinity of Lewes, by Dr. iJlanteU, at a time to add ma-
terially to the progress of geological science. Much con-
tribution abo to a knowledge of the antiquities of Sussex,
particularly those of Lewes and its neighbourhood, has
recently been made by Mr. JI. A. Lower.
The town covers the side of a steep hUl; and includes
the suburb of Chffe on the E, and that of Southover on
the SW. It presents some resemblance to Totnes, but
differs much in appearance from the great majority of
English towns. The views in it from High-street, from
Clifie, and from Southover, are peculiar and striking.
The streets, in general, are spacious and well-paved;
and they present, in some parts, curious mixtures of the
ancient and the modem. A better class of houses was
pretty numerously erected during the ten or twelve years
ending in 1866; and a field to the left of the de.seent of
liotten-row was laid out in the last of these two years
for villas. An ancient house nearly opposite Southover
church is said to have been, for some time, occupied by
Anne of Cleves. The good old-fashioned Star inn has a
grand, ancient, carved oak staircase brought from the
seat of the Coverts; and stands over a vaulted cellar,
which is said to have been the prison of some of the Pro-
testants who were martyred here in the time of JIary. A
one-arched stone bridge over the Ouse was erected in
1727, and widened, by the addition of a footpath on each
bide, in 1829. The old townhall stood near the centre of
Higli-street, and was taken down in 180S. The shire-
hall was erected after the demolition of the town-hall, at
a cost of about £15,000; is an elegant edifice; comprises
a council chamber, civil and criminal courts, and other
apartments; and contains a good picture by Northcote,
formerly in the Shakespeare gallery, and a portrait of
General EUiott. The county jail, in North-street, was
built in 1793, on Howard's plan; was enlarged in 1817
and about 1835 ; underwent alterations, for receiving
Russian prisoners of war in 1854; and now has capacity
for 205 male and 49 female prisoners. There are bar-
racks, a market-house, assembly-rooms, a theatre, a
mechanics' institute, two public libraries, and a record-
room and engine-house.
Formerly there were twelve parish chnrches in the
town, but now there are only six. St. Michael's church
stands in High-street, near a projecting clock; is an an-
cient ei.lifice, restored in 1755; has a low circular tower;
and contiiins two brasises of 1400 and 1457, and a monu-
ment of Sir Nichola.s Pclhara, who died in 1559. St.
Anne's church stands at the top of the hill; is transition
Norman, of good character; was recently restored; and
contains some neat mural monuments. The church of
St. John -sub-Castro stands on the N side of the to«-n ;
occupies the site of a Saxon church; is itself a modem
edifice; includes a door-way arch of the previous Saxon
church; and has an inscription to the memory of Mag-
nus, a Danish prince. The churchyard occupies the
ground of a very small Roman camp, the vallum of
which is still traceable ; and it contains the tomb of
Thomas Blunt, a native who bequeathed a silver gilt
cup still in use, and who died in 1611. St. Thomas'
church is in Cliffe; and has a neat interior and a fine
altar-piece. Southover church, or the church of St.
John-Southover, has a nave partly Norman, and a chan-
cel later English, and originally extending nmcli further
to the E; is remarkable for the mausoleum of De War-
enne and Gundrada on its S side— a little chapel in the
Norman style, erected in 1847; and contains an effigies
of the time of Henry III., found during the same exca-
vations which disclosed De "Warenne's and Gundrada's
remains. The great gate of the priory stood near the
E end of this church, and was taken down in liS32; and
the side portal of it w.is removed to the end of South-
over crescent, wliere it now stands. Tnere are four
chapels for Independents, and one each for Cahinists,
Baptists, Quakers, Wesleyans, Primitive Metliodists,
and Unitarians. The Tabernacle Indefw-ndent chapi-l
stands in High-street near the bridge; and, about 1835,
was ornamented with a handsome front, and enlarged.
The Ju-eh or Calvinist chapel stands in North-street,
Cliffe; and was built in 1S05; and a little ccmeterv be-
hind it contains the tomb of the well-known William
Huntington, " the coalheaver, S.S., sinner saved." The
Westgate chapel was originally a residence of the Goring
family, and was converted to its present use in 16S7.
The free grammar-school was founded in 1512; educates
12 foundationers, about 24 non-foundationers, and about
12 boarders; has £100 a-year from endowment, and an
exhibition ; and had, for pupils, Bell the mathematician
and Evelyn. There are also national, British, parochial,
and infant schools. There are likewise alms-houses with
£13 a-year.
The town has a head post-ofl3ce,* a sub-post-office \ at
Southover, another sub-post-officef at Cliife, a railway
station with telegraph, two banking-offices, and three
chief inns; is a seat of assizes, quarter sessions, petty
sessions, and county courts, and a polling-place ; and pub-
lishes three newspapers. A market for corn and hops is
held every Tuesday; a market for cattle, sheep, and pigs,
on every alternate Tuesday; fairs for horses, on Whit-
Tuesday, and 6 .'\Iay; a fair for wool, on 26 July; and a
fair for Southdown sheep, very largely attended, on 21
September. The annual cattle-show of the Sussex Agri-
cultural Socieiy is often Iield here. A consideiT.ble trade
is carried on in com, malt, and coals. A race-course,
with a stand, is at Mount Harry; was fonuerly 4 mQes
in circuit, but is now only 2^; and races are usually held
on it in March and August The towTi is a borourrh by
prescription, and is governed by two constiiblcs and other
officers, chosen at the court-leet of the lord of the manor;
and it has sent two members to parliament since the
time of Edward 1. The boundaries were extended by the
reform act; and they include three parishes, parts of
five others, and an extra-parochial tract. The area is
about one-fifth of a square mile. Electors in 1833, 878;
in 1863, 650. Amount of property and income-tax
charged in 1863, £4,135. Real propertj-, in 1860,
£30,091; of which £230 were in quarries. Pop. in 1851,
9,533; in 1861, 9,716. Houses, 1,820.
The parishes wholly in the borough are St. Jlichael,
AU Saints, and St. Thomas-in-the-Cliffe; the parishes
2)artly in the borough are St. Anne (called also St. Peter
and St. Maiy), St. John -sub -Castro, St. John-Southover,
Kingston, and South Mailing; and the extra -parochial
tract in the borough is Castle-Precincts. Pop. in 1861,
of St. Michael, 1,076; of All Saints, 2,092; ofSt. Thomas,
1,568; of the borough part of St. Anne, SS5; of all St.
Anne, 980; of the borough part of St. John-sub-Castro,
2,221; of all St. John-sub-Castro, 2,303; of the borough
part of St. John-Southover, 1,336; of all St. Johu-South-
over, 1,344; of the borough part of Kingston, 7; jpf the
borough part of South Mailing, 499; of Castle-Precincts,
32. See Kingston and Mailing (SouthV All the six
livings in the town are rectories in the diocese of Chi-
chester. Value, of St. Michael, £116;* of St, Anne,
190;'* of St. Johu-sub-Castro, £250; of .VII Saints, £198;
of St. Thomas, £130; of St. John-Southover, £35.*
The sub-district contains the entire parishes of St.
Michael, St. Anne, St. Jolm-sub-Castro, All Saints, St
Thomas, St John-Southover, and South .Mailing, and the
extra-parochial tract of Castle-Precincts. Acres, 5,870.
Pop., 10,116. Houses, 1,333,— The district compre-
hends also the sub-district of Chailej-, containing tlie
parishes of Chailey, Newick, Barcombe, and Kingmer;
the sub-district of Ditchling, containing the parishes of
Ditchling, Wivebfield, Westm.eston, Street, Plurapton,
andHamsey; the sub-district of Westfirle, containing the
parishes of Westfirle, Beddingham, Glynde, Ripe, Chal-
l^EWES AND UCKFIELD RAILWAY.
21
LEWISHAM.
i"ini;toD, Seliueston, Alciaton, and Berwick; the siil>-
liistrict of Newhaven, containiug the parishes of New-
haven, Piililinghoa, Tel.'^L-ombe, Southease, East Clatih-
injrt>>^ Bishopstone, Denton, South Heighton, and
Tatriug-NeviUe; and the sub-district of Ilottingdean,
coctainLag the parishes of RottingJean, Ovingdean, Rod-
ineil, Iford, ICLigston-near-Lewes, Stanmer, and Falnier.
Four poor-law unions are comprised in the district; —
Le'^es iLcion, conterrainate with Lewes sub-distiict, and
containing three workhouses in respectively St. Anne,
All Saints, and St. Thomas parishes; Chailey union,
conterminate with Chailey and Ditchling sub-districts,
and containing three workhouses in respectively Chailey,
Dit»;hliiig, and Ringmer parishes; "Westfirle union, con-
tenninate with Westfirle sub-district, and containing a
•workhouse La "Westfirle; and Newhaven union, conter-
rainate with Newhaven and Rottingdeau sub-districts,
and containing a workhouse in Newhaven. Poor-rates,
in 1S63, of the Lewes union, £6,703; of the Chailey
nnioQ, £(3,950; of the Westfirle union, £2,220; of the
Newhaven union, £3,733. Acres, of the district, 85,104.
Pop. in 1851, 25,719; in 1861, 26,995. Houses, 4,964.
Marriages in 1863, 196; births, 846, — of which 45 were
illegitiniate; deaths, 522, — of which 134 were at ages
nnuer 5 years, and 11 at ages above 85. Marriages in
the ten years 1851-60, 1,734; births, 8,279; deaths,
5,133. The places of worship, in 1851, were 40 of the
Church of England, with 8,854 sittings; 11 of Independ-
ents, -with 3,-364 s. ; 6 of Baptists, with 1,300 s. ; 1 of
Quaker?, with 105 s. ; 4 of Wesleyaus, wth 555 s. ; 1 of
Primitive Methodists, with 150 s. ; 1 of Unitarians, with
400 s. ; and 4 undefined, with 569 s. The schools were
25 public day schools, with 2,171 scholars; 73 private
day schools, with 1,537 s. ; 33 Sunday schools, with
2,243 s. ; and 6 evening schools for adults, with 75 s. — The
rape contains the hundreds of Barcombe, Buttinghill,
Dean, Fishergate, Holmstrow, Lewes, Poynings, Preston,
Street, Sv<-anborough, Whale.sbone, and Younsmere.
Acres, 137,875. Pop. in ISol, 53,895. Houses, 9,117.—
Le-.ves hundred comprises 3,191 acres. Pop. in 1851,
6,351. Houses, 1,165.
LEWES AND UCKFIELD RAILWAY, a railway in
Sussex; from a junction with the Lewes and Keynier
branch of the London and Brighton, 1| mile NNW of
Lewes, 7J miles north-e-astward to Uckfield. It was
authorized in July 1857, and opened in October 1858;
and W.1S sold to the London and Brighton in 1360.
LEWESDON AND PILLESDON, two hills in the W
of Doriet, 2S and 4 miles W of Beamiuster. They have
a singular ap[iearance; they much resemble each other;
they serve as a landmark to mariners; and they com-
inaad a very fine view. Sailors call them the Cow and
the Calf; and a popular proverb says, about any two
things which resemble each other, " As much akin as
Lew'son hill to PU'son pen." Lewesdon is the subject of
versos by Crowe, which were much admired by Rogers.
Pillesdon Is the highest ground in the county; has an
altitude of 934 feet above sea-level; and is crowned by an
ancient oval camp, with three strong ramparts and
ditches.
LEWESOG, a township, conjoint with Trefydd-
Bychaiaa, in Llanrhaidr-in-Kinmerch parish, Denbigh-
shire; Z\- miles SE of Denbigh.
LEWES-ROAD, a place in Preston parish, Sussex; 1
mile NNW of BrightoiL It contains the Brighton
cavalrj- barracks, and the Brighton-water-works; and
has a pc'St-oifii'e under Brighton.
LEWE.STON, an extra-parochial tract in Sherborne
district. Dorset; Z\ miles S of Sherborne. Acres, 540.
Pop., 17. Houses, 3. Leweston House is the seat of R.
Gordon, Es(}.
LEWiSH.VM, a village, a pari.sh, a sub-district, and
a dUtrict, in Kent. Tb<) village stands on the river
K.xv.;nsb'jume, and on the North Kent and Mid-Kent rail-
ways, 1 mile S of Greenwicli, and 5 SK by S of London;
■was anciently called Leveshani, signifying the " dwelling
among the mea<lows; " is within the jurisdiction of the
central crimin.il court and the metropolitan police; con-
sists chielly of one street, about a mile long, extending
N and S; is supplied with water from a stream rising at
its upper end, and flowing through it; and has a post-
office IT under London SE, and stations with telegnipli
on the North Kent and Miil-Kent railways. — The
parish contains also the village of Sydenham, the ham-
lets of Southend, Rushey-Green, Cockshed, the places
called Perry -Hill, Perry - Slough, Catford- Bridge, and
Catton, and part of Blacklieath; is divided politically
into Lewisham proper and Sydenham chapelry; and is^
cut ecclesiastically into the .sections of St. Mary, St.
Stephen, Blackheath-All Saints, and Forest-Hill, to-
gether with subdivisions of Sydenham. Acres, 5,418.
Real property, £137,059; of which £2,153 are in gas-
works. Pop. in 18.51, 15,064; in 1861, 22,808. Houses,
3,789. The manor was given, by Elthruda, niece o'
King Alfred, to the Abbey of St. Peter at Ghent; had .i
Benedictine priory, a cell to Ghent Abbey; went, in the
time of Henry V., to the Carthusian priory of Sheen;
passed, after the dissolution, through various hands,
eventually to the Legges; and belongs now to the Earl of
Dartmouth, and gives him the title of Viscount. Man-
sions and villas are very numerous; many now ones have
recently been built; and much of the entire area may
be regarded as a suburb of London. A police-station
of the P division is at Rushey-Green; and petty sessio!is
are held at Croom's HilL Limestone is quarried, and
bricks are made. The head-living, or St. Maiy's, is a.'
vicarage, united with the chapelry of Dartmouth at
Blackheath; other charges, with defined limits, are the p.'
curacies of St. Stephen, Blackheath-All Saints, Syden-
hani-St Bartholomew, and Forest-Hill; others, without
defined limits, are the chapelries of Southend, Sydeuham-
St. Saviour, and Sydenham-Old Chapel ; and all are in
the diocese of London. Value of St. Mary's-with Dart-
mouth chapel, £1,100; of St. Stephen, not reported.
Patron of the former, the Earl of Dartmouth; of the-
latter, the Rev. S. R. Davi.^. St. JIary's church was re-
built in 1774; was damaged by fire in 1830, but has been
restored; has a Corinthian portico on the S side, and a
square tower at the W end; and contains monuments of
tlie Retries by Banks, a monument to a Lushington by
Flaxman, and the grave of Dr. Stanhope, the author of
Commentaries on the Epistles and Gospels, who long was
vicar. St. Stephen's church was built in 1805, after de-
signs by G. G. Scott, at a cost of £12,000; and is in the
first pointetl style, modified by a French colouring. Other
churches are noticed in articles on other sections of the
parish. There are chapels for Independents, Baptists,
and Wesleyans. There are also an endowed grammar
school, at Lewisham-Hill, with £343 a-year; national
schools at Lewisham village, Southend, and Sydenhanj ;
a British school, at Lewisham-Bridge; a Congregational
school, in Silver-.street; the Leathersellers' Foundation
school, at Grove House; tn'o suites of alms-houses, one
of them of recent erection; a workhouse, with accom-
modation for 200 persons; the infant-poorhouse of St.
George-Southwark, with about 175 inmates; and a nmn-
ber of miscellaneous institutions and charities. Bishoji
Duppa, who wrote part of "Eikon Basilike," was ;>
native.
The sub-district bears the name of Lewisham village;
excludes Sj'denham chapelry; and consists of the othar
portions of the parish lying S, SV.', and SE of Plough-
Bridge. Pop. in 1351, 0,097; in 1861, 7,372. Houses,
1,320. — The district comprehends also the sub-district
of Sydenham, contrnninate with Sydenham chapelry; the
sub-district of Lee, containingtho rest of Lewisham parish,
the parish of Lee, and the liberty of Kidbrooke; the sub-
district of Eltham, conterminate with ElthaTn parish;
and the sub-district of Plumstead, containing the parish-'s
of Plumstead and Charlton -next -Woolwich. Acres,
17,224. Poor-rates in 1S63, £21,263. Pop. in 1851,
34,835; in 1861, 6.:;,757. Houses, 9,707. J[arri.»gcs in
1863, 6-28; births, 2,582,— of which 57 were illegitimate;
deaths, 1,107, — of which 490 were at ages under 5 j-car.s,
and 22 at ages above 85. Slarriages in the ten yeai-s
1851-60, 5,009; births, 15,682; deaths, S,424. The
places of worship, in 1851, were 17 of the Church of Eng-
land, with 9,858 sittings: 6 of Independents, with l.C7i)
L,E\VI3HEATH.
LEYBOURNR
s.; 2 of Baptists, with 170 s. ; 7 of Wesleyana, with
1,159 s. ; 1 of New Connexion Methodists, with 60 s. ; 1
of Primitive Methodists, with 150 s. ; and 1 undefined,
with 60 s. The schools were 24 public day schools, with
2,411 scholars; 105 private day schools, with 2,251 s. ;
26 Sunday schools, with 2,333 s. ; and 1 evening school
for adults, with 47 s.
LEWISHEATH, an ancient manor in Horsmondeu
parish, Kent; 3 miles NE of Lamberhurst. It belonged,
in the early part of the 14th century, to John de Grof-
Lurst; and was given by him to Bay ham abbey. Its
name was then written Leueshothe.
LEWKNOR, a village, a sub-district, and a hundred
in Oxford, and a parish partly also in Bucks. The vil-
lage stands near Icknield-street, under the CMltems, 2i
miles NE of Watlington, and 5 S of Thame r. station;
and has a post-office under Tetsworth. — The parish in-
cludes also Postcombe chapelry in Tliame district, Oxford,
and Lewknor-Uphili township in Wycombe district and
partly in Bucks. Acres of the Thame district portion,
2,6S8; of the whole, 4,690. Real property of the T. d.
portion, £3,144; of the whole, £5,339. Pop. of the T.
d. portion, 598; of the whole, 833. Houses of the T. d.
portion, 127; of the whole, 171. The manor belongs to
the Rev. Sir Edward Jodrell. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of O.xford, Value, £350.* Patron, All
Souls College, Oxford. The church is of various dates;
has a decorated English chancel, and a square tower;
and contains a curious rich Norman font, a brass of 1370,
and monuments of the Scroops and the Fanes. The p.
curacy of Ashampstead or Cadmore-End is a separate
benefice. There are a national school, and charities
£7. The sub-district is in Thame district; and con-
tains that district's portion of the parish, and eleven
entire parishes. Acres, 18,412. Pop., 3, 701. Houses,
801. — The hundred contains ten parishes and part of an-
other. Acres, 19,333. Pop., 5,456. Houses, 1,138.
LEWKNOR-UPHILL, a township in Lewkiior parish,
Oxford and Bucks; 3^ miles NW of Great M.irlow.
Acres, 2,002. Real property, £2,195. Pop. of the
Oxford portion, 172; of the Bucks portion, 63. Houses,
32 and 12.
LEW (Nouth), a village and a parish in Okehampton
district, Devon. The village stands on an eminence
near a head-stream of the river Torridge, 7 miles N W of
Okehampton r. station; is a large place, \vith an ancient
cross in its centre; commands an extensive view; and
has a post-office under Exboume, North Devon, and a
cattle fair on the third Wednesday of April. The parish
contains also the hamlet of Wheaton, and comprises
7,247 acres. Real property, £3,611. Pop. in 1851,
1,047; in 1861, 930. Houses, 195. The decrease was
caused by emigration, consequent on agricultural de-
pres.sion. About 2,000 acres are open moor. The liv-
ing is a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £342.*
Patron, the Crown. The church is ancient; was recently
in a very dilapidated state; consists of nave, aisles, and
chancel, with a tower; and contains seats all of carved
oak and ancient. There are two Bible Christian chapels
and a national schooL N. Ciirpentcr, the mathematician,
was a native.
LEWSTOX. See Leweston.
LEW-TRENCHARD, a parish in Tavistock district.
Devon; on the rivulet Low, 1| mile N of Coryton r.
station, and 8.^ N by W of Tavistock. It contiins the
greater part of Lewdoii village, wliich has a ])0=t-o(Hce
designated Lewdown, North Devou. Acres, 2,818.
Real property, £2,320; of which £14 are in mines, and
£50 in quari-ies. Pop. in 1851, 436; in 18^1, 353.
Houses, 72. The property is divided among a fe-.r. The
manor, with Lew House and most of the land, belongs to
E. B. Gould, Esq. The living is a rectorj' in the diocse
of Exeter. Value, not reported.* Patron, E. B.Gould,
Esq. The church is ancient but good; consists of nave,
aisles, and chancel, with a tower; and contains monu-
ments of the Goulds. There is a national school.
LEXDKN, a district and a hundred in the NE of
E.sse.x. The district comprehends the sub-district of
Wivenhoe, containing the parishes of Wivenhoe and
Brightlingsea; the sub-district of Peldon, containing the
parishes of Peldon, Great WigboTor.gh, Little Wig-
borough, Salcott, Virley, Fingringhoe, East Donylaud,
Abbertoa, Langenhoe, East Mersea, andWest Mersea; the
sub-district of Stanway, containing the parishes of Stan-
way, JIarks-Tey, Little Tey, Layer-ilamey, Layer-Bre-
ton, Laycr-de-la-Hay, Birch, E;isthorpe, and Copford; the
sub-district of Fordham, containing the pariihes of Ford-
ham, West Bergholt, Great Tey, Aldham, Pontisbright,
Wakes-Colne, Mount-Bures, and Wormingford; and the
sub-district of Dedliam, containing the parishes of Ded-
hara, Langham, Boxted, Little Horksley, and Great
Horksley. Acres, 73,831. Poor-rates in 1S6.3, £12,594.
Pop. in 1851, 21,666; in 1861, 22,950. Houses, 4,963.
Marriages in 1863, 149; births, 826, — of which 46 were
illegitimate; deaths, 473, — of which 175 were at ages
under 5 years, and 11 at ages above 85. Marriages in
the ten 5'cars 1851-60, 1,645; births, 7,306; deaths,
4,214. The places of worship, in 1851, were 34 of the
Church of England, with 11,010 sittings; 9 of Independ-
ents, ivith 2,683 s.; 4 of Baptists, with 520 s. ; 1 of
Quakers, with 130 s. ; 8 of Wesleyaus, with 1,117 s. ; 3 of
Primitive Methodists, with 470 s. ; 1 of Lady Hunting-
don's Connexion, mth 163 s.; and 2 of the New Chiu-ch,
with 310 s. The schools were 23 public day schools,
with 1,605 scholars; 41 private day schools, with 972 s. ;
41 Sunday schools, with 2,763 s. ; and 1 evening school
for adults, with 25 s. The workhouse is in Stanway;
and, at the census of 1861, had 238 inmates. — The hun-
dred comprises the divisions of Colchester and Withaui;
includes Lexden parish, and differs otherwise from the
district, yet is mainly identical with it, — of less extent,
but of greater population. Acres, 62,139. Pop. in 1851,
23,794; in 1861, 24,241. Houses, 5,3U0.
LEXDEN, a village and a parish in Colchester district,
and within Colchester borough, Esse.x. Tlie villago
stands on the river Colne, near the Eastern Counties rail-
way, 1 mile W of Colchester; d;ites from at least the
time of the Confessor; and has a post-oftlce, under Col-
chester.— The parish comprises 2,440 acres. Real pro-
perty, £9,799. Pop., 1,543. Hou.ses, 337. Lexden
Lodge was formerly the seat of the Lords Fitrsvallers, and
is surrounded by a moat. Lexden Park has some fine
trees and a pleasant lakelet. There are several good re-
sidences, with plca.sure-grounds. Some ancient entrench-
ments are on Lexden Heath. The living is a rectory in
the diocese of Rochester. Value, £566.* Patron, Mrs.
E. Papillon. The church was repaired in 1821. There
is a national school, with £20 a-year from endowment.
LEXH.AM (E.vst), a parish, with a village, in Mit-
ford district, Norfolk; 1| nule W by S of Litcham, and
3 N by W of Dunham r. station. Po3t-to\ra, Litcham,
under Sv.-arfham. Acres, 1,190. Real property, £1,527.
Pop., 226. Houses, 47. The manor and nearly all the
land belong to the V^nv. W. A. W. Keppel. The living
is a rectory, annexed to the rectorj- of Litcham, in the
diocese of Norwich. The church has a round ivy-man-
tled tower, and is good. There fire a national school,
and charities £26.
LEXHAM (West), a parish in Mitford district, Nor-
folk; 2j miles E of the Peddarway, SW of Litcham, aud
3J NNW of Dunham r. station. Post-town, Litcham,
under Swalfiiam. Acres, 1,155. Real property, £992.
Pop., 152. Houses, 27. The property belongs to the
Earl of Leicester. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of Norwich. Value, £196.* Patron, the Rev. N. Da-
vies. The church is ancient.
LEXINGTON. See Laxtox, Notts
LEY. .'^ee Beer-Fkrris.
LEYBOURNE, a vDIaga and a parish in Mailing dis-
trict, Kent. The village stands on a small affluent of
the river Medw.ay, 2 miles W by N of Aylesford r. sta-
tion, and 5 NW of Maidstone; was known, at Doini's-
day, as Leleburne; and took that name from the "little
burn " which runs past it. TJie parish contains also the
hamlets of Great aud Little Com{i. Post-town, West
Mailing, under Maidstone. Acres, 1,510. Real pro-
perty, £2,322. Pop., 2S9. Hou.ses, f)7. The property
13 divided among a few. The manor belonged ancientlv
LEYBRIDGE.
23
LFA'TON.
"to tie Levbcurces; had a moated castle of theirs, in
Mrhieh tuey eatcrtaiced Edward 1. ; was given by the
list ol" the Leyhournes, the "Infanta of llcnt," to Ed-
vrai-dlll.; \r-i> given by him to the newly-founded Cister-
t-dii abbey of St. M;uy Graces, in London; went, after
the di3soluti''n, tlirough various hands; and, with the
f.ce Scat of Lcvb-jarne Gran:;e, belongs now to Sir Joseph
H. Hawlev, Baif. Eemaius of the castle, including a
fine gate-way. still stund close to the church. The living
is a rtctory in the 'liocese of Canterbury, ^'alue, £504.*
Patron, Sir J. H. Hawley, Bart. The church is partly
early English, partly perpendicular ; has, in the N aisle,
n remarkable niche of the decorated period; and includes
tivo STiiall tabernacles, within one of which a heart, pro-
bably that of a Ley bourne of the timo of Edward IL,
was recently found in a leaden box. There are endowed
schocls at Leyboume and two other places, mth £324
a-vear, and c'-her charities for L. £7.
'LEYBRIDGE, a place 2 miles NNW of Calne, in
■?\-il'.s.
LEYBUP.y, a village, a township, a sub-district, and
a district in N. R. Yorkshire. The village stands ou
the N side of Wensleydale, at the terminus of the Xorth-
aUerton and Leybura railway, 74 miles SSW of Eich-
morid; consists chieiiy of one spacious street or oblong
of well-tuiit houses; is situated amid beautiful scenery;
oifers facilities to tourists for exploring the picturesque
country arotnd it; is a seat of petty sessions and county
courts, and a polling-place; and has a post-officej under
Bedale, a riilwaj' station, a banking-ofSce, five chief
inns * to>vn-hall, gas-works, a chapel of ease, a W'es-
leyaa chapel, a Itoman Catholic chapel, national and
Loman Catholic schools, a subscription library, a dis-
p-eniP.ry, ar.'.. chariries £32. The town-hall was built
ia lij;t>, at a cost of £2,000; and is a large and heavy
yet good edifice. A weekly market is held on Friday;
and fairs fcr cattle and sheep, on the second Friday of
Feb., ilay, Oct., and Dec. Leybum Shawl, on the W
side of the town, is a hiijh natural terrace, about a mile
long; affci-ds a delighti'nl walk; was much improved
ill liitj; ard commands extensive and romantic view.s.
The township is in Wensley parish, and comprises 2,407
txres. lieil property, £5,234. Pop., 886. Houses,
169. Tlie r:anor belongs to Lord Bolton. The district
Tircrl-ica=e stands a short way from the vUlage; is an
old buildic;:; and. at the census of 1S61, had 38 in-
mates. The sub -district contaias the parishes of
AVensley, Finghall, Thornton-Steward, Haukswell, and
Spennithome, and four townships of Patrick- Brompton
pari.=h, three of Thonitun-Watlass one of Ilomby, and
one of Bedile. Acres, 41,847. Pop., 5,875. Houses,
1,187. — The district comprehends also the sub-district of
Ziliddleham, containing the paiishes of Middleham, Cover-
Lam, East Witton, and West 'Witton, and four town-
shirs of M-iiham. Acres of the distiict, 84,918. Poor-
latjs in lSo3, £4,015. Pop. in 1851, 10,057: in 1861,
10,105. Houses, 2,101. Marriages in 1863, 72; buths,
299, — of which 31 were Olegitimate; deaths, 184, — of
which 54 were at ages under 5 years, and 9 at ages above
S5. Marriages in the ten years 1851-60, 589; births,
2,9S6; deaths, 1,667. The places of worship, in 1851,
•were 19 cf the Church of England, witli 3,331 sittings;
4 of Independents, with 520 s.; 24 of Wesleyans, witli
2,5e0 s.; 10 cf Primirive Methodists, with 430 s.; and 1
of Roman Catholics, with 300 s. The schools were 20
public diy sch^joLs, with 780 scholui's; 23 private day
schools, wi:h 4oS s. ; 25 Sunday schools, with 1,213 s. ;
and 1 evecing school for adults, with 2 s.
LEYFIELDS, a hamlet in Eakring parish, Notts; 3
miles SE of OUenon.
LEYHAM. See L\vn.\M.
LEYLA-ND, a village, a township, a sub-district, a
])ari.sh, a.-.d a hundred, in Lanca.^hirc. The vilLige
.-tands near the river Ixistock, -J of a mile W of the
Xonhwesteni railw.oy, and 5 J S of Preston: is a seat of
petty sessions; and has a post-ofllcej under Preston, and
a station on the railw,iy. Fairs arc hcdd on 21 JIarch
r.ni 26 0<Tt. ; and an agiieultural and horricultural
i<'^ting is h'ld in Sept. — T!ie tomiship comprises 3,651
acres. Real property, £13, 0.^S. Pop., 3,755. Houses,
748. The manor belonged, in tlie time of Edward the
Confessor, to the Crown ; had then a royal hall and
court of justice ; and, with Worden H.all, belongs now
to the Misses Ffarington. Worden Hall stands about i
a nule S of tlie village, in a park of more than 300 acres;
and is approached through a handsome modern arch-way
adjacent to the village. GoIden-HiU House is the seat
of T. U. Shuttlewortli, Esq. ; Welltield is the seat of
John Eccles, Esq. ; ami the Old Hall is a Tudor man-
sion, now converted into a farm-house. JIany of the
inhabitants are employed in cotton mills. — The sub-dis-
trict contains the townships of Leyland, Euxton, Cuer-
den, Clavton-in-lo-Wood.s, and Whittle - in -le- Woods.
Acres, 10,182. Pop., 8,768. Houses, 1,739.— Tha
parish contains all the suls-district, also the to-miships
of Hoghton, Withnell, Wheelton, and Hcapey; and is in
Choriey district. Acres, 19,091. Real property, £49,914;
of which £556 are in quanies. Pop. in 1851, 13,710; in
1861, 13,684. Houses, 2,667. The ecclesiastical ar-
rangement divides the area into Leylond-St. Andrew,
Leylaad-St. James, Euxton, Whittle-in-le-Woods, "With-
nell, Hoghton, anil Heapey; but Leyland-St. James in-
cludes also a small portion of Croat on parish; and it was
separately constituted in 1855. Pop. of the whole of
this section in ISCl, 1,427; of the Leyland portion of it,
1,147. The living of L.-St. Andrew is a vicarage, and
that of L.-St. James is a p. curacy, in the diocese of
Manchester. Value of St. A., £1,200;* of St. J., £168.*
Patron of St. A., the Rev. T. R. Baldwin; of St. J., ]Mis3
Ffarington. The parochial church, or church of St.
Andrew, was mainly rebuilt in 1817; is in the early de-
corated English style; retains, in its chancel, a fine arch
of the previous edifice, together with sedilia and a pis-
cina; includes a chantiy chapel of the Ffaringtons, con-
taining brasses and handsome monumental tablets of
that family; and has, at the W end, a fine massive tower.
The churchyard contains tombstones vrith crosses of the
13th or 14th century, and others with inscripHons of
the 17th. The p. curacies of Euxton, Withnell, Whittle-
in-le-Woods, Hoghton, and Heapey are separately no-
ticed. Chapels for Independents, Wesleyans, anil Ro-
man Catholics are in Leyland township; and dissenting
chapels and national schools are in some of the other
townships. The Roman Catlwlic chapel is a plain but
spacious edifice of 1846. A gi'ammar school stands at
the extremity of the parochial churchyard; is an ancient
building; and has an endowed income of £28, trans-
ferred to it, by Queen Elizabeth, from the Ffarington
chantiy. A charity school, founded in 1784, is at Golden
HUl ; and has an endowed income of £21. Alms-houses,
for six persons, were founded in 1649, and rebuilt in
1849; five modern cottages are near them, the rents of
which are appropriated to them; and alms-houses for six
aged women were founded by Osbaldeston, and have an
endowed income of £118. The total yearly value of
charities is about £600. — The hundred contains Leyland
parish and ten other parishes. Acres, 86,270. Pop. in
1851, 53,641; in 1861, 58,622. Houses, 10,909.
LEYSDOWN, a parish, with a village, in Sheppey dis-
trict, Kent; on the NE side of Sheppey isle, 6 miles N
of Favershatnr. station, and 7i E by S of Queenborough.
Post-town, Eiistchurch, under Sittingbourne. Acres,
4,302; of which 2,120 are water. Real property, £3, OSS.
Pop., 215. Houses, 44. The property is tlivided among
a few. The manor belongs to Capt. llUton. There is a
coast-guard station. The living is a vicarage, united
with the p. curacy of Harty, in the diocese of Canter-
bury. Value, £300.* Patrons, the Archbishop of
Canterbury three tunis, and Major Muun one turn. Tha
church is modern, but has portions of an ancient tower.
Charities, £11.
LEYTON, a village, a parish, and a sub-district, in
West Ham district, Essex. The village stands ailja-
cent to the river Lea, the Great Eastern railway, the
boundary with Middlesex, and the London and Ongar
railway, 5| miles NE by E of Bishop.sgate, London; took
its name, signifying Leatown, from its position on the
Lea; occupies or is near the site of a Roman .station.
LEYTON STONE.
24
LICHFIELD.
near tlie Roman or Stona way to Colchester; aaJ \vtie;e
many coins and other relics of tha Romans and some of the
Saxons have been found; belonged to King Harold; com-
prises now one long .street; contains respectable and
handsome houses, embosomed in trees; is continuous
■vvith Knotts- Green and Lea -Bridge, which formerly
■were separate hamlets ; and has a station on the Ongar
railway, and a post-office J under Loudon NE. The par-
ish contains also the post-ofiicest of Leyton-Street, Low
Le>-ton, and Lea-Bridge, under Loyton, London XE; in-
cludes the village and chapelry of Leytonstone ; is some-
times called Low Leyton; and lies within the jurisdiction
of the metropolitan police. Acres, 2,241. Real pro-
perty, £23,289. Pop. in 1851, 3,901; in 1861, 4,794.
Houses, 762. Le>-ton House, Leyton Park, Etloe House,
Solway House, Leytonstone House, Forest House, Wall-
wood House, and Buxton House are prominent resi-
dences; and there are many other fine ones. Remains of
ancient entrenchments, with a square double embank-
ment surrounded by a moat, are at Ruckholts. Temple
mUls, on the Lea, were mills said to have belonged to
the Knights Templars; but they were demolished to give
place to water-works. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of London. Value, £450.* Patron, John Par-
doe, Esq. The parish church, or church of St. Mary, is
a small plain brick building; and contains monuments
of Stripe the antiquary, who was vicar here for nearly
70 years, — Bowyer, the famous printer, — Goring, Earl of
Norwich, — Sir Michael Hickes, and others. Another
church, called the church of All Saints, was built in
1865, at a cost of £2,147; is in the decorated English
style, cruciform, with five-light E mndow; and contains
560 sittings. There are a "Wesleyan chapel in Leyton,
an Independent chapel in Leytonstone, national schools
in both places, eight alms-houses, and a workhouse.
The total yearly value of charities is £178. The work-
house is for West Ham district; and, at the census of
1861, had 572 inmates. Sir T. Roe, ambai^ador to
the Great Mogul in the time of Charles I., was a native.
The sub-district contains also the parish of Wan-
stead. Acres, 4,245. Pop., 7,536. Houses, 1,108.
LEYTON, Lancashire. See L.^yto.n'.
LEYTONSTONE, a village and a chapelry in Lej-ton
parish, Essex. The villsLge runs parallel to Leyton vil-
lage, and northward of it; lies on the Roman road to
Colchester, adjacent to the London and Ongar railway;
took the latter part of its name from a Roman mUliarium,
which stood at it; has recently undergone great increase;
contains many fine suburban villas; and has a station on
the railway, about a mile N of that of Leyton, and a
post-office under London NE. The chapelry was con-
stituted in 1845. Pop. in 1861, 2,396. Houses, 325. The
livin" is a p. curacy in the diocese of London. Value,
£150?* Patron, J. Pardoe, Esq. The church occupies
a commanding site on the road from Stratford to Ep-
ping; and is a handsome edifice, with light sqnare W
tower, surmounted by four fine spirelets. There are an
Independent chapel, and a national school for boys and
girls.
LEYTON-STREET. See Leyton.
LEZANT, a parish in Launceston district, Cornwall;
between the rivers Inny and Tamar, 4 miles S of Laun-
ceston r. station. It contains the villages of Trebollet,
Trekenna, and Rezare, and the hamlet of Trewarlet; and
its post-town is Launceston. Acres, 4,560. Real pro-
perty, £5,036. Pop., 815. Houses, 176. The property
is divided among a few. liandew, formerly the seat of
the Herles, is a chief residence. TrecaiTell, now an
ivied ruin, was a mansion paitly buUt by Sir John Tre-
carrell, but never fiuLshcd. A lead mine is near I-andew.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value,
£406.* Patron, the Bishop of Exeter. The church is
ancient, has a pinnacled tower, and contains monuments
of the Ilorles, the Trecarrells, and tlie Trefusises. There
were formerly chapels at Landew and Trecarrell. There
are now chapels for Baptists, Weslcyans, and Free Me-
thodists; also national and infant schools.
LEZAYRE. See KiRK-CuRt.sr-LEZAYRE.
LEZIATE, a parish in Freebridge-Lynn district, Nor-
folk; 2.^ miles N of East Winch r. station, and 4i E of
Kings-Lynn. Post-town, Lynn. Acres, 1,460. Real
property, £1,494. Pop., 197. Houses, 44. The pro-
perty is divided among four. About 10 4 acres are rabbit-
warren and common. The li\-in^ is a rectory, annexed
to the rectory of Ashwicken. in the diocese of Norwich.
There is no church.
LHANE-JIOOR (The), a stream in the N of the Islu
of Man; rising in the Curragh, and running windingly
northward, about 5 miles to the sea, 1 J mile SW of Mlun
Head. It is one of two streams which drained lake*
formerly in the Curragh.
LIBANUS, a place 44 miles from Brecon, in Brecon-
shire. It has a post-office under Brecon.
LIBBERSTOX. See Lebberstox.
LIBBERY, a hamlet in Grafton-Flyford parish, Wor-
cester; 1 mile SW of Grafton -Flj-ford village.
LICHBOROUGH. See Litcuborough.
LICHET-MATRAVERS. SeeLYXCHEXT-M.vTR.vvF.RS.
LICHET-MINSTER. See LYTCHETT-Mi>-srER.
LICHFIELD, a citj', four parishes, a sub-district,
and a district in Staffordshire, and a diocese partly also
in Derbyshire, Salop, and Notts. The city stands on a
small affluent of the river Trout, on Icknield-street, uciir
the intersection of Icknield-street with Watling-street,
near the junction of the Wyrley and Coventry canal with
the Grand Trunk canal, and on the Walsall and Derby
railway, near its intersection by the Trent Valley rail-
way, 16 miles N by E of Birmingham, and 16 SE by E
of Stafford. Its site is a fine open vale, surrounded by
fertile hills of moderate height and easy ascent; and the
S part is divided from the Cathedral-close by a brook,
spreading into a large pool or marsh, and crossed by
bridges. The city never was surrounded by w.ills; and
it therefore wants the compactness and density of most
other old cities. Its outline is irregular; and some of the
streets stretch away to a considerable distance from the
main body. A ditch was at one time formal round the
early precincts; but this h:\3 left no other trace tlian the
name Castle-ditch, in the E. Most of the present houses
are modern; aud many of them are handsome, and oc-
cupied by gentry. The interior of the city, in a genei-.il
view, exhibits convenience and respectability; and the
environs have gardens, agreeable walks, and a divei-hity
of pleasant views.
Jlvitory. — Lichfield probably sprang, in some way, from
the Roman station Etocetum, which stood at the intersec-
tion of Icknield-street and Watling-street. The name is
Saxon; was anciently written Licedfeld, Licethfeld, and
Lichfeld; and has been derived, by some, from lych, "a
marsh,"with allusion to the marshy character of its site, —
by others, from lych, "a dead body," or "the dead,"
witli allusion to a tradition that a great battle was fought
on " a field " here by three kings, who slew one another
on the spot. Another tradition alleges that the town
exi.sted in the Roman times; that it was the scene of a
slaughter of Christians during the Diocletian persecution
in 2S6; and that it took its name of "the field of the
dead" from that slaughter. It probably was no more
than a small village in the time of Oswy, king of Nor-
thumbria. That monarch, about 656, having defeated
and slain Penda, the heathen king of Mercia, introiUiced
Christianity among his subject.s, and made Lichfield the
seat of a bishopric. Chad, a zealous ecclesiastic, after-
wards canonized, was made bishop in 669; and he greatly
propagated Christianity among the peojde, and raised
Lichfield to the condition of a considerable town. Olfii,
king of Mercia, about 790, obtained from the Pope a
decree for dii-iding the province of Canterbury, aud mak-
ing the see of Lichfield archiepiscopal; but, after OtlVs
death, that decree became obsolete. Lichticld did not
flourish well even as a .simple see; aud, at the time of
the Norman conquest, had sunk to small importance.
The bi.shopric, therefore, was irau.sferred from it, in h)75,
to Chester; whence, in 1102, it was removed to Cuventry.
Roger de Clinton, being appointed bishop in 1129, re-
constituted the bishopric of Liclifield, rebuilt its cathe-
dral, and assumed the title of Bisliop of Coventry and
Lichfield. His successors, till the time of Charles II.,
LICHFIELD.
LICHFIELD,
continued to wear that title; the successors thence till
1836, were styled Bishops of Lichfield and Coventry; and
the subsequent successure are styled simply Bishops of
Lichfield. De Clinton, besides rebuilding the cathedral,
founded a priory, and erected a stiong castle or magnili-
ceut tower; and the castle became the prison of Richard
II., on his way to the Tower of London. The town had
a mint in the time of Stephen; it was burnt in 1291; it
was ravaged by the plague in l.'ig-S; and it was taken by
the parliamentarians in 1643, retaken by Prince Paipert,
and given back to the parliamentarians in 1646. Ftichard
II. kept Christmas in it in 1397, two years before being
a prisoner in its ca.stle; Queen Elizabeth visited it in
1575; James I. \-isited it in 1624; Charles I. lodged in it
three times in 1643; and the Princess Victoria visited it
in 1832. William de Lichfield a learned monk, Whitting-
ton a scholar. Butt and Buckeridge the theologians,
Camden's, father, Dr. Thomas Newton, Dr. Samuel
. Johnson, Ashmole, Smallridge, Major Andre, and Dilke
the dramatist, were natives ; Dr. Darwin, the author of
"Zoonomia," and other works, lived in Baron-street,
and practised here as a physician; and the Boniface of
Farquhar's " Beaux Stratagem " kept the George inn in
1707. The city gives the title of Earl to the family of
Anson.
The Catliedral. — The original cathedral, built by King
Oswy, was restored in 700 by Bishop Hedda, but has
left no vestiges. The present cathedral retains portions
of the pile as rebuilt by Roger de Clinton; and includes
additions and restorations of periods from the 12th cen-
tury till the present time. The nave, the ti"ansept, the
aisles, the choir, and the chapter-house, are mainly of
dates from 1129 till 1240; the towers and the Lady chapel
date from 1295 till 1360; some portions range from 1420
till 1447; numerous portions belong to an extensive res-
toration, at enormous expense, during the years 1647 —
1669; the roofs of the aisles and parts of two of the spires
date from 17S3 till 1795; the W window was restored
by James II., and re-glazed in 1776; the glass of the Lady
chapel dates from 1530 till 1540, but belonged to a
Flemish abbey nearly Liege, and was brought to Lich-
field so late as 1S05; other windows are comparatively
modern; restorations, to the extent of removing white-
wash, renewing stonework, and substituting a light and
open screen for a heavy close previous one, were completed
at a cost of about £10,000 in 1861 ; and other restorations,
including a new reredos, sedilia, and other feature.-:, ha^'e
since been in a great measure executed, although the
restoration is not yet complete. Vast damage was
done to the pile in 1643-6; the royalists and the parlia-
mentarians then alternately held and used its close as
the fortalice of the city; upwards of 2,000 shot and 1,500
grenades were fired against it; the lead was torn from it
to be cast into bullets; parts of its walls were shattered,
aud most of its central spire demolished; and so groat
was the quantity of rubbish from the result of demolition
that, in order to prepare for the very costly renovation
which followed, the eight carriage horses of the Bishop
were eTnploycd to assist in clearing the rubbish away.
The cathedral is considerably smaller than the chief ones
in England, yet it presents an aggregate appearance
superior to most. Its site is advantageously on an
eminence; its surroundings are tree from cloister or
prerinct-wall, from gate or ancient monastery; its AV
front is inferior only to the W fronts of Wells and
I'etc Thorough; its general architecture is of the best datfs,
in admirable proportioas, with symmetrical arratigenuiit,
alike clnstc and ornate; its three beautiful spires spring
exquisitely aloft from the general mass; its very stone,
of a pale rose colour, looks soft and mellow; aiid, were
only some un.-;ight!y buildings in the southern vicinity
swept away, and a lawn formed down to the lakelet in
tlie neighbouring hollow, tlic pile would stand out to the
view more richly picturesque than almost any other great
church in England.
" Lo, with wliat (lopth of blackne-ss tliruwn
A^aiuit the clouds far up tlie .ski^:s.
The walLj uf the cathedral rise, ■
Like a mysterious grove of stone.
With fitfid lights and shadows blending;
As from behind, the moon ascending.
Lights its dim ai.sles and paths uukxiuwn.
Only the cloudy rack behind,
Dritting onward wild and ragged,
Gives to each spire and buttress jagged
A seeming motion undefined."
The entire pile is 379 feet long; the nave is 177 feet
long, 66 wide, and GO high; the choir and Lady chapel
are 195 feet long; the choir is 37 feet wide; the Lady
chapel is 27 feet wide; the transept is 152 feet long and
45 feet wide; the western steeples are 183 feet high ; the
central steeple is 258 feet high; and the chapter-house
is 45 feet long, 28 wide, and 23 high. The W front has
three door-ways, a decorated window of six lights, and a
gable with trefoUed panels; has, over the whole face,
four trefoUed and canopied arcades, once all containing
statues; and is flanked with two towers, surmounted by
hexagonal spires. The central door-way shows a rich
combination of foliate.i arches, exquisitely wrought
mouldings, and canopie-i statues; and the arcade above
it retains the statues oiiginally there, being twenty-five
statues of kings, from Venda to Richard II., restored in
1820-1. The flanking towers have hexagonal stair-tur-
rets on the sides, and are crowned with crocketted pin-
nacles at the angles; and the spires are delicately banded
at intervals, and have four successive tiers of canopied
spire lights. The centra! tower rises one story above the
roof, has canopied two-light windows on each face, and
is crowned with pinnacled turrets at the angles; and its
spire is of the same form as the other two spires, aud of
similar character, but is crocketted along the sides. The
nave is of light bays, with remarkably beautiful aisles;
and shows the early English character in a distinctive
manner, neither as sira['ly as Salisbury nor as richly as
Lincoln, yet more akin than either to decorated English.
The four massive piers which support the central tower
have clustered shafts, bjuud with three fillets. The
transepts are comparatively plain, and are not in keep-
ing with the rest of the edifice ; yet their doors are very
elaborate, and have statues and other decorations such as
to make them not very mach inferior to the great W door.
The choir is of eiglit bay.<, with aisles; shows well the de-
corated English character; deflects .somewhat out of the
line of the nave, to emblemize the drooping head of thu
cnu;ified Saviour; lias a hexagonal form in the E end;
and is subtended by two sacristies on the S side, and by
a vestibide and the chapter-house on the N. The Lady
chapel is the gem of the cathedral, and gives it a beau-
tiful termination; has lofty trefoiled three-light win-
dows, rich tracer}', and graceful flowering canopies; and
contains nine stalls, extending in range beneath the win-
dow.s, seven of them brilliant with stained glass, and
every two paired off with niches, canopies, and brackets.
The chapter-house is polygonal, has a single central pier,
and is richly ornamented; and the vestibule of it is ar-
caded. The library is oL-ove the chapter-house; resem-
bles it in character, but has less ornament; and contains,
among other interesting mattei-s, the manuscript of ( !liau-
cer's " Canterbuiy Tales," and a Saxon or 7th-century
copy of the GcspeLs, known as the Gospels of St. Chad.
Superb monuments of Lord Basset and two Lords Paget
were destroyed at the time of thu civil war. The chief
monuments now are, in the IsW tower, one of Lady
Mary Wortley ilontagu', by Westmacott; in the N
transept, a monument of Miss Seward's paieuts, by the
junior Bacon; in the S trj.nsept, a bust of Dr. Johnsou,
a monument of Dr. Ne^\-t >n, and a memorial to the SOth
regiment, overhung by three standards taken at So-
liraon; and in the choir, cfligies of Bi.-ihops Langton,
Pateshull, and Ilacket, an elligies of Sir Ilumplirey Stan-
ley of the timo of Heniy VIJI., a cadaver of Dean IIcj-
wood, a fine altar tomb of Archdeacon llodson, and tl'l^
famous figures of the two daughtei-s < f the Kev. W. K >-
binson, known as the "Sleeping Cliililien," by Chan-
trey. An Episcopal palate is at the NIC corner of the
close, and was rebuilt by Bishop Wood ia 1690: but the
palace now habitually occupied by the lii-shop is Ecclcs-
LICHFIELD.
26
LICHFIELD.
hall Castle. The deaueiy stands to the "W of the palace
iu the close; and part of it dates from the loth century.
The prebendal housps are in the SW; and some of them
include specimens of ancient brick-work.
Churchc-^. — St. Mary's church stands on the S side of
the Market-phioe; \va.s erected in 1721, on the site of a
very ancient church, which Leland describes as "right
beautiful; " is a plain but neat edifice, with a short tower;
and contains monuments of the Dyott family. — St.
Chad's church stands at Stow, a little to the E ; is a
small and very ancient structure, with a fine early Eng-
lish S door, and a square tower; and took its name from
being on or near the site of St. Chad's cell or hermitage.
A spring, called St. Chad's well, is in its neighbourhood,
under a small temple wreathed with sculptured roses,
and bearing the initials of St. Chad on the arch; and is
visited by children, and adorned with live garlands, on
Ascension day. — St. Jlichacl's church stands on Greon-
hLU, at the SE side of the city; was erected in the time
of Henry VIII., and partially rebuUt in 1641; has a fine
spire; and contains a good font, an efligies of William
•de Watton of the time of Edward III., and many hand-
.some monuments. A cemetery connected with it covers
seven acres, is the chief cemetery of the city, contains
the grave of Dr. Johnson's father, and is intei-sected by
a noble avenue of elm trees. — Christ Church was built
in 1847, is in the decorated English style, and has a
square tower. — St. John's chapel stands in St. John's-
street; is annexed to St. John's hospital, but serves as a
chapel of ease ; and is a singular structure, with curi-
ously formed windows and a tine open roof. There
are an Independent chapel, two Wesleyan chapels, a New
Connexion llethodist chapel, and a Roman Catholic
chapel. — A vicar's choral college was founded, in 1240, by
Bishop Pateshall; and a friary was founded, in 1229, by
Bishop Stavenby, — was burnt in 1291, — was rebuilt in
1545, and was made the head-quarters of the Duke of
Cumberhvnd in HI.').
Schools and Iiistitutiont. — The grammar school, in St.
John-street, was founded by Edward VI., and rebuilt in
1692 and 1850; is a brick edifice, in the Tudor style, 60
feet long; has £106 a-year from endowment; and num-
bers, among its pupils, Dr. Johnson, Bishop Newton,
Bishop Smallridge, Addison, Garrick, Salt tlie traveller,
Ashmole the antiquary, "W'ollaston, author of the " Reli-
gion of Nature," King the herald, Hawkins Browne,
Chief-Baron Lloyd, Chief-Baron Parker, Chief-Justice
"Wilmot, Judge Noel, and James the inventor of the
"fever powder." Minor's school, in Bore-street, was
founded in 1677, for teaching 36 boys English reading
and tlie catechism; and has upwards of £135 a-year from
endowment. The diocesan Theological College for stu-
dents intending to enter holy orders is near the cathedral;
and there are national schools for both sexes, and indus-
trial and infant schools. The museum and library, near
the Minster pool, was set ou foot by John P. Dyott,
Esq. ; includes a newsroom ; and, in all its depart-
ments, is free to the public, being supported by pub-
lic rates. There is a flourishing working men's insti-
tution. The museum contains relics of the siege of
Lichfield, relics of Dr. Johnson, portraits of the chief
Lichfield worthies, and a collection of antiquities and ob-
jects of art; and the library contains about 2,000 volumes.
St John's hospital, in St. John-street, was instituted, in
the time of Henry III., by Bishop Clinton; was rebuilt,
with the exception of its chapel, in 1495; is a gloomy
structure, remarkable for the number and curious form
of its chimneys; gives house-room and money-allowances
to 13 old men; and has an income of about £350. Dr.
.MUley's or the women's hospital, in Beacon - street,
was founded in 1424, and rebuilt in 1504; gives support
to 15 aged women; and has an endowed income of £376.
Andrew Newton's almshouses, for the widows and
daughters of clergj-men, were founded in 1798; include
20 comfortable dwellings, forming a neat building, in
the Close; afford £50 a-year, with house and small gar-
den, to each of 20 persons; and have an endowed in-
come of £1,239. Lunn's alms-houses have only £11.
There are a lunatic a.'^ylum, a dispensary, and a work-
house; and the last, at the census of 1S61, had 117 in-
mates.
OtlLcr Buildiiujs. — The guild-hrdl, in Boro-strcet, in-
cludes court-room, city offices, police station, and houso
of correction. The market-house and corn-exchange, in
St. Jlaiy's square, was built in 1850; is in the Tudor
style; has an arcade along it.s entire front, le^iding into a
spacious covered market; and includes an upper room,
capable of accommodating from 600 to 800 pei-sons. An
ancient cross, erected by Dean Denton, stood on the site
of this edifice; comprised eight arches, resting on mas-
sive piUars; and had, on two of its sides, about 5 feet
from the ground, two brass cnicifixes abont 20 inches
long. The house in which Dr. Johnson, was born still
stands on the \V side of the market-place. A statue of
Dr. Johnson, presented to the city, in 1833, by the Rev.
James Law, c'uancellor of the diocese, stands in the
market-place, opposite the house; is in a sitting posi-
tion, 7 feet high; and rests on a square pedestal 1 0 feet
high, the sides of which have bas-reliefs of various inci-
dents in the doctor's life. A drinking fountain, at tho
corner of the museum building, was erected in 1862, and
has sculpture representing Christ and the woman of
Samaria at Jacob's well. Both the Minster and the Stow
pools ai-e used as reservoirs by the South Staffordshire
water-works company; and the houses, public conduits,
and cathedral-close are well supplied with water from
springs about a mile to the SW, under a tmst devised
by Hector Beaue.
Trade, d-c. — Lichfield has a head post-ofiice,i two rail-
way sUitions with telegraph, two banking-otSces, and two
chief inns ; is a seat of county coui-ts and a polling-place.
A weekly market is held on Friday; fairs are held ou the
first Wednesday of Jan., Ash- Wednesday, 12 May, and
the firet Monday of July and of Nov. ; and industry is
carried on in market-gardening, coach-building, malting,
brewing, flax-spinning, and paper-making. The city
was governed, from 1387 till the time of Edward \1.,
by a guild, consisting of a master, 4 wardens, and 24
brethren; was incorporated, .as a borough, by Edward
VI. ; and is now governed, under the new act, by a
mayor, 6 aldermen, and IS councillors- It sent two
members to parliament from the time of Edward I. till
that of Edward III. ; it began to send two again in tha
time of Edward VI. ; and it has continued to send two
till the present time. Its boundaries are the same muni-
cipally and parliamentarUy ; comprise 3,180 acres; and,
include all St. !Maiy's parish, all the e.xtra-parochial places
of the Close, the Friary, and Fulfen, and parts of the par-
ishes of St Chad and St Michael. Electors in 1833, 861;
in 1863, 698. Corporation income in 1 860, £920. Amount
of property and income tax charged in 1863, £1,955.
Po]i. in 1851, 7,012; in 1861, 6,893. Houses, 1,456.
Parishes. — St. ilarj-'s parish, as already noted, is
wholly within the city. Real property, ia ISGO, £9,429.
Pop. in 1861, 2,683. Houses, 532. St Chad's parish
contains also the town.ship of Curborough and Elmhurst,
comprising 2,080 acres. Real property of the whole,
£12,022; of which £525 are in gas-works. Pop. of the
whole, 2,145. Houses, 437. Pop. of the part within
the city, 1,920. Houses, 440. St. Mich;iel's parish in-
cludes also the hamlet of Freeford, the clapclry of Ham-
merwich, and the townships of Pipehill, Wall, Burnt-
wood, Fisherwick, and Streethay, comprising 11,906
acres, and containing, within Hammei-wich and Burut-
wood, recently o[iened coal-mines. Real property of the
city portion, £10,196. Pop. of the whole, 5,112.
Houses, 1,034. Pop. of the city portion, 1,9S6. Houses,
414. The ecclesiastical parish of C'hristchurch was
formed, in 1S4S, out of the parishes of St Chad and St
MichaeL Pop. of the whole, 726. Houses, 163. Pop.
of the St. Chad portion, 486. Houses, 10.5. The extra-
parochial places of the Close, the FrLiry, and i'ulfen,
within tlie city, had a pop., iu 1861, of respectively 235,
8, and 10. Houses, 53, 2, and 1. Tlie living of St
Mary is a vicarage, and the livings of St. Chad, St. Mi-
chael, and Christchurch are p. curacies, in the diocese
of Lichfield. Value of St. iMary, £45.S;* of Sr. C,
£250; of St. Michael, £368; of Clir., £300.* Patrons
LICHFIELD.
27
LICHFIELD.
of St. Mary, the Dean and Chapter of Lichfield; of St.
0. aud St. iSliohael, the Vicar of St. Mary; of Chr., the
Bishop of Lichfield. The p. curacies of Wall and Burnt-
wood, within St. Michael's parish, also are separate be-
ncfii'os.
The District. — The sub-district of Lichfield contains
all the parishes and places noted in the preceding; para-
^.Taph, and also the parishes of Whittington, Elford,
Weeford, Shenstone, Ogley-Hay, and Farewell, and the
extra-parochial places of Tamhorn, Haselor, and Free-
ford. Acres, 37,688. Pop., 15,623. Houses, 3,224.-—
The district comprehends also the sub-district of Kuge-
ley, containing the parishes of Rugeley, Longdon,
Aimitage, and Colton; and the .■sub-district of Yoxall,
containing the parishes of Yoxall, Hamstall-Ridware,
Pipe-Itidware, JLaves)Ti-Rid\vare, Alrewas, and Bromley-
Retjis, and the extra-parochial places of Alrewas-Hays,
and Kings-Bromley-Hays. Acres of the district, 71,613.
Poor-rates in 1863, £9,372. Pop. in IS.il, 25,279; in
1861,27,541. Houses, 5,848. Marriages in 1863, 185;
births, 935, — of which 58 were Ulegitimate; deaths, 664, —
of which 236 were at ages under 5 years, and 28 at ages
abore 85. Marriages in the ten years 1851-60, 1,819;
births, 7,833; deaths, 5,216. The places of worship, in
1851, were 28 of the Church of England, with 11,781
sittings; 4 of Independents, with 1,139 s.; 1 of Quakers,
with 14 s.; 8 of W esleyan Methodists, with 1,158 s. ; 2
of New Connexion Methodists, with 350 s, ; 6 of Primi-
tive Methodists, with 702 s. ; and 3 of Roman Catholics,
with 640 3. The schools were 49 public day schools,
with 2,821 schclai's; 47 private day schools, with 1,066
s. ; 40 Sunday schools, \rith 3,139 s.; and 3 evening
schools for adults, with 39 s.
77i<t Diocese. — Lichfield diocese comprehends all Derby-
shire, all Staffordshire except part of Stottesden deanery,
the northern portion of Salop, and the pendicle of Notts
forming Iroaville. Acres, 1,740,607. Pop. in 1861,
1,221,404. Houses, 243,215. The cathedral establish-
ment includes the bishop, the dean, four canons, three
archdeacons, twenty prebendaries, a chancellor, and six
minor canons. The income of the bishop is £4,500; of
the dean, £1,524; of each of three of the canons, £500;
and of each of the archdeacons, £200. The most noted
of the bishops have been Roger de Clinton, who died as
a crusader at Antioch; Gerard la Pucelle, the canonist;
Hugh de Nonant, who made great opposition to monas-
ticism; Pateshull and Langton, who were Lord Trea-
surers; De Meyland, who could not speak English;
Northbury, who was Lord Keeper; Close, one of the
architects of King's College chapel; Smith, the founder of
Brasenose College; Lee, who humoured the tastes of
Henry VIII. ; Neale, designated the ambitious; Overall,
designated the learned; Abbot, who shot a keeper in
deer-stalking; Hacket, who boldly preached at Holborn
in defiance of Cromwell's soldioiy; Lloyd, who became
mystified in studying the apocalj-pse; Hough, who made
sturdy resistance to King James at Magdalen; Hurd,
v.ho won the mitre with his pen; Earl Cornwallis; aud
tlie classic Butler. Five of the dignitaries became car-
dinals, and two became primates of Ireland. Calamy
wa.-! offered the bishopric, aud rejected it.
The diocese is divided into the archdeaconries of Staf-
ford, Derby, and Salop. Tho archdeaconry nf Stafford
comprises the deaneries of Lichfield, Allstonefield, Bre-
\vood, Cheadle, Ecclesliall, Handsworth, Himley, Leek,
Xcwcastle-uiulor-Lyne, Penkridge, Rugeley, Stafford,
Stoke-iipon-Trent, Tamworth, Trentham, Trj'sull, Tut-
\i\nj, Uttuxetf-r, Walsall, and 'Wolverhampton. The
archdeaconrv of Derby comprises the deaneries of Derby,
Alfreton, Ashljorne, Ashover, Uakewell, Brampton,
r<uxton, Castleton, Chesterfield, Cubley, Duffield, Ejam,
JIart.'hom, LuUingtoii, Ockbrook, Kailbourne, Stanton-
by-Bridge, Staveley, and Wirksworth. The arclidcacoiiry
oLSyil'jp. i^omprises the deaneries of Condover, Edgmoud,
Ellcsmere, Hodiict, Shilfnal, Shrewsbuiy, Wem, Whit-
ch'irch, aud Wrockwardine.
The ileaneryof Lichfield contains the rectoryof Yoxhall;
the vicarages of Lichfield-St. JIary, Alrewas, Longdon,
and Shenstone; and the p. curacic.sof L.-St. Chad, L -St.
Jlichael, L.-Christcharch, Kings-Bromley, Burntwood,
Farewell, Gentleshawe, Haramerwioh, Hints, Ogley-Hay,
Stonnall, Wall, Weeford, ^\'hittington, and \Vichnor.
The deanery of Allston'.-.'ield contains tlie rectories of
Bloore-R.ay and Grindon; the vicarages of All.stone-
field aud Ham; the p. curacies of Butterton, CauMon,
Elkstone, Flash, Sheen, Warslow, Waterfall, aud Wet-
ton; and the donative of Calton. The deanery of Bre-
wood contains the rectories of Blymhill-St. ilary and
Weston-under-Lizard; the ricarages of Brewood, Bush-
bury, and Sheriffhales; and the p. curacies of Bishops-
Wood, Codsall, Coven, Shareshill, and Woodcote. The
deanery of Cheadle contains the rectories of Cheadle,
Draycot-le-Moors, and Kingsley; the vicarages of Alton,
Caverswell, and Dilhorne; and the p. curacies of Brad-
ley-le-Moors, Cotton, Denstone, Forsbrooke, Finchey,
and Oakamoor. The deanery of Eccleshall contains the
rectories of Ashley, Forton, Norbury, and Standon; the
vicarages of Chebsay, EccleshaU, and High OflSey; and
the p. curacies of Adbaston, Bronghton, Chorlton, Crox-
ton, Cotes-Heath, Ellenhall, Gnosa.ll, Knightley, Maer,
Moreton, and Woore-St. -Leonard. The deaneiy of Hands-
worth contains the vicarage of North Ilarborne, the five
p. curacies of West Bromwich, the three p. curacies of
Smethwick, the three p. curacies of Tipton, the two p.
curacies of Handsworth, and the p. curacy of Harbonie-
St. John. The deaner}' of Himley contains the rectories
of Himley and Kingswinford, the vicarage of Sedgley,
and the p. curacies of Brierley-Hill, Brockmoor, Coselej',
Ettingshall, Upper Gomal, Lower Gornal, Kingswinford-
St. Mary, Pensnett, and Quarry-Bank. The deanery of
Leek contains the rectory of Norton -in -Moors, the
vicarages of Biddulph and Leek-St. Edward, ani the p.
curacies of Buddulph-Moor, Brownedge, Cheddleton,
Endon, Horton, Ip.stones, Leek-St. Luke, Longnor,
Meerbrook, Milton, Onecote, Rushton-S{)encer, Small-
thorne, and Wctley-Rocks. Tlie deanery of Newcastle-
under-Lyne contains the reotorv of Newcastle-St. -Giles,
t!ie vicarages of Audley and Wolstanton, and the p.
curacies of Betley, Chesterton, Golden-HUl, Keele, Kids-
grove, Mowcop, New Chapel, Newcastle-St. George,
Silverdale, and Talk-o'-the-Hill. The deanery of Penk-
ridge contains the rectory of Church-Eaton, the vicar-
age of Lapley, and the p. curacies of Acton-Trussell,
Bednall, Bradley, Coppenball, Dunstan, Penkridge-St.
Jlicliael, Penkridge-Christchurch, Stretton, and Wheaton-
Aston. The deanery of Rugeley contains the rectories
of Blithefield, Coltou, Ridware-Hamstall, and Ridware-
Jlavesyn; the vicarages of Abbots-Bromley, Cohvich,
and Rugeley; and the p. curacies of Annitage, Brereton,
Cannock, Heywood, Hi.xon, Norton-Canes, Ridware-Pipe,
and Great WjTley. The deanery of Stafibrd contains
the rectories of Haughton, Ingestre, Stafford-St. JIary,
Standon, and TLxaU; the vicarages of JlUwich, Ranton,
Seighford, and Weston-upon-Trent; and the p. curacies of
Birchfield, Castle-Church, Derriugton, Forobridge, Frads-
well, Gayton, Jlarston, Salt, Statl'ord-St. Chad, Stafford-
Cliristchurch, Stow, and A^"hitgreave. The deanery of
Stoke-upon-Trent contains the rectories of Bucknall,
Burslem, Longton, Shelton, and Stoke-upon-Trent; and
the p. curacies of Bagnall, Cobridge, Edensor, Etruria,
Fenton, Hanley, Hartshill, Hope, Lane-End, North-
wood, Penkliull, Sueyd, Trent-Vale, Tunstall, and Well-
ington. Tlie deanery of Tamworth contains the rectories
of Clifton-Campville, Draj'ton-Rassett, Elford, Harlaston,
and Tliorpe-Constantine; the vicarage of Tamworth; and
the p. curacies of Amingtoii, Chilcota, Edingale, Fazeley,
Hopwas, Wigginton, aud Wilnecote. The deanery of
Trentham contains the rectories of Swinnertun and
Whitmore, the vicarage of Jfaileley, and tlie p. curacies
of Aston, Barlaston, Blurton, Butterton, Fuliord, Han-
ford, Hildei'stoMO, Normacot, Red Bank, Stone-St.
Michael, Stone-Christcliurcii, and Trentham. The dean-
cry of Trysull contains the rectories of Envillo, Pattiiig-
ham, and Malvern-Quatt; the vicarages of Penn, Tr3'suli,
Wombourne, aud Worfield; and the p. curacies of Upper
Arley, Kinver, Patshull, Swi.i.lon, and Tetlcuhatl. The
deaniT\- of Tutbury Ciiiitai';s the rectories of Rollcston
and TatenhiU, the vicarages of H.'.inbury and Taturby,
LICHFIELD.
LICKEY.
the three p. curacies of Burton-on-Trent, aud the p.
curacies of Anslow, Barton-unJer-Needwooil, Danstall,
ilarchingtoii, Needwood, and Strettou. The deanery of
Uttoxoter contains the rectories of Bramshall, Checkley,
and Gratwich; the vicarages of Ellaston, Mayfield, aud
Uttoxoter; and the p. curacies of Croxden, Kingstone,
Kocester, Stanton, Stramshall, and Tean. The deanery
of Walsall contains the rectories of Aldridge and Dar-
laston; the vicarages of Pelsall, Rushall, and "WalsaU-
St Mathew; and tlie p. curacies of Great-Barr, Bloxwich,
Darlaston-St. George, Moxley, Fleck, Walsall-St. Peter,
Walsall-St. Paul, Walsall-Wood, Wcdnesbury-St. James,
and Wednesbury-St. John. The deanery of Wolver-
hampton contains the rectory and the eight \-icarages of
Wolverhampton; the vicarages of Biiston-3t. Luke,
Bilston-St. .Mary, Wednesfield, Willenhall-St. Stephen,
and Willenhall-Trinity; and the p. curacies of Bilston-
St. Leonard, Willenhall-St. Giles, and Wednesfield-Heatb.
The deanery of Derby contains the four vicarages and
five p. curacies of Derby, and the p. curacies of Darley,
Normanton, and Osmaston. The deanery of Alfreton
contains the rectories of South Normanton, Pinxton, and
Shirland; the vicarages of Alfreton, Blackwell, Heanor,
Pentridge, and South Wingfield; and the p. curacies of
Codnor and Loscoe, Ironville, Biddings, Soinercotes,
Eipley, and Swan\vick. The deanery of Ashborne eon-
tains the rectories of Bentley-Fenny, Bradley, Edlaston,
Mapleton, Norbury, and Thorpe; the vicarages of Ash-
borne and Bradbourne; and the p. curacies of Alsop,
Clifton, Kniveton, Hulland, Osmaston, Purnich, Snels-
ton, and Tissington. The deanery of Ashover contains
the rectories of Ashover, Bonsall, Mattock, Morton, and
If orth Wingfield; the vicarage of Crich; and the p. cura-
cies of Brackenfield, Cromford, Dethick, Mattock-Bath,
Tansley, Wessington, and Claycross. The deanery of
Bakewell contains the rectory of Darley, the vicarages
of Bakewell and Youlgrave, and the p. curacies of Ash-
ford, Birchover, Cross-Green, Elton, Long=tone, Mon-
evash, Sheldon, and Winster. The deanery of Brampton
contains the rectory of Wliittington, the vicarages of
Dronfield and Norton, and the p. curacies of Barlow,
Brampton, Brampton-St. Thomas, Dore, Holmesfield,
and Wingerworth. The deanery of Buxton contains the
vicarage of Hartington, and the p. curacies of Biggen,
Burbage, Buxton, Chelmorton, Fairfield, Church-Steru-
dale, king-Sterndale, Taddington, and Wormhill. The
deanery of Castleton contains the rectory of Castleton,
the vicarages of Glossop and Hope, and the p. curacies of
Chapel-en-le-Frith, Gharlesworth, Edale, Hayfield, Mel-
lor. New Mills, and Whitfield. ' The deanery of Chester-
field contains the rectories of Clowne, Langwith, Pleaa-
ley, andSutton-cum-Duckmanton; the vicarages of Ault-
Hucknall, Bolsover, Chesterfield, Heath, ScarclifT, and
Tibchelf; and the p. curacies of Brimington, Calow, Has-
land, Newbold, Chesterfield - Trinity, Shirebrook, and
Temple-Normanton. The, deanery of Cubley contains
the rectories of Barton-Blount, Boyleston, Cubley, Long-
ford, Sudbury, and Somcrsliall-Herbert; the vicarages
of Doveridge and Shirley; and the p. curacies of Alk-
Tnontoii, Marston-Montgomery, Scropton, and Yeaveley.
The deanery of DulHeld contains the rectories of Bread-
EaU and Morley; the vicarages of Denby, Duffield, and
Horsley; and the p. curacies of Allestree, Belper, Bridge-
HiU, Little Eaton, Ha2lewood, Heage, Holbrooke, Mil-
ford, Quarndon, Smalley, and Turnditch. The deanery
of Eyam contains the rectory of Eyam, the vicarages of
Hathersage and TidesweU, and the p. curacies of I5am-
ford, Baslow, Beeley, Der\vent, Edensover, iliddleton-
Stoney, and Peak-Forest. The deanery of Hartshorn
contains the rectories of Hartshorn, Kavenstone, and
Stretton-eu-le-Field; the vicarage of Pieptoa; and the
p. curacies of Donisthorpe, Church-Gresley, ' ileasham,
Eosliston, Smisby, and Willesley. The deanery of Liil-
lington contains the rectory of Walton-on-Treut; the
\-icaragcsofCroxall, LuUington, Stapenhill, and Willing-
ton; aud the p. curacies of Cauldwell, Coton, Newhall,
Newton-Solney, aud Swadlincote. The deanery of Ock-
brook contains the rectory of West Hallam ; the vicar-
ages of Kirk-Hallani, Ilkeston, Ockbrook, Sawley, Spon-
don, and Stanlon-by-Dale; and the p. curacies of Breas-
tou, Chaddesden, Cotraauhay, Dale- Abbey, Long-Eaton,
Mapperley, Eisle}', Sandiacre, Stanley, and Wilne.
The deanery of Eadbourne contains the rectories of
Bradsford, Dalbury, Egginton, Kedleston, Kirk-Lang-
ley, JIugginton, Eadbourne, aud Trusley; the vicarages
of Etwall, JIackworth, Mickleover, and Sutton-on-the-
Hill; and the p. curacies of FLndern, Intack, Littleover,
Long-Lane, and Mai'ston-on-Dove. The deanery of
Stanton-by-Bridge contains the rectories of Aston-on-
Trent, Shardlow, Stanton-by-Bridge, Swarkeston, and
Weston-on-Trent; the vicarages of Barrow, Elvaston, and
Melbourne; and the p. curacies of Alvaston, Boulton,
Chelaston, Foremark, and Ticknall. The deanery of
Staveley contains the rectories of Barlborough, Ecking-
ton, Killamarsh, Staveley, and AVliitwell; the vicarages
of Beighton and Elmton; and the p. curacy of Eidgeway.
The deanery of Wirksworth contains the rcctoi-y of Car-
sington, the vicarage of Wirksworth, and the p. cuiucies
of Atlow, Ballidon, Brassington, Hognaston, Idridgehay,
Kirk-Ireton, and Middleton.
The deanery of Condover contains the rectories of Ac-
ton - Burnel, Berrington, Cound, Frodesley, Harley,
Kenley, Pitchford, Sheinton, Suiethcote, and Stapleton;
the vicarage of Condover ; and the p. curacies of Ores-
sage, Dorrington, Langley, Lebotwood, and Longnor.
The deanery of Edgmoud contains the rectories of Bolas,
Chetwynd, Edgmoud, Hinstook, Kinnereley, Longford,
Preston-on-Wildmoor, and Waters-Upton; the vicarages
of Lilleshall and Wrockwardine-Wood; and the p. cura-
cies of Aslon, Childs-Ercal, Donnington-Wood, New-
port, Oakengates, Sambroolt, Tibberton, and \Yoiu-
bridge. The deanery of EUesmere contains the rectories
of Hordley, Petton, aud West Felton ; the vicarages of
Baschurch, Ellesraeie, Great Ness, and Euytoii; and tha
p. curacies of Cockshutt, Dudlestone, Little Ness, Pen-
ley, Welch-Hampton, and Weston-Lullingficld. Tho
deanery of Hodnet contains the rectories of Hodnet,
Norton-in-Hales, aud Stcke-on-Tern; the vicarages of
Cheswardine and Markct-Drayton; and the p. curacies of
Hales, Little Drayton, JLoreton-Say, and Weston. Tho
deanery of Shiffnal contains the rectories of Doiuiington,
Ryton, Stirchley, and Stockton; the vicarages of Al-^
brighton-next-Shiffnal, Kerabertou, Shitfiial, and Sut-
tou-Maddock; aud the p. curacies of Boningale, Daw-
ley-Magna, Dawley-Parva, Malins-Lee, Pains-Lane,
Priors-Lee, and Tong. The deanery of Shrewsbury
contains the rectories of Fitz and Shrawardine; tho
vicarages of Atchaui, Montford, Shrewsbury - Abbey-
Church, Shrewsbury -St. Alkmund, and Shrewsbury-
St. Chad ; and the p. curacies of Battlefield, Bays-
ton -Hill, Berwick, Betton, Bicton, Leaton, Oxon,
Shrewsbury-St. George, Shrewsbury-St. Giles, Shrews-
bury-St. Julian, Shrewsbury-St. Mary, Shrewsbury-St.
^Michael, Colehara, and Uffington. The deanery of Wem
contains the rectories of Jliddle, Moreton-Corbet, and
Wem; the vicarages of Loppington, Shawbury, and
Stanton-on-Hine-Heath; and the p. curacies of Albrigh- ~
ton-nest-Shrewsbury, Astley, Broughton, Clive, Edstas-
ton, Grinshill, Iladnal, Lee-Brockhurst, Newtown, and
Prestou-Gubbalds. The deanery of Whitchurch contains
the rectories of Adderley, Doddington, Ightfield, and
Whitchurch; the vicarage of Frees; and tho p. curacies
of Ashe, Calverhall, Pauls, Tdstock, and Whi.xall. The
deanery of Wrockwardine contains the rectories of Ey-
ton, Rodington, and Upton-Magna; the vicarages of
Ercall-jSIagua, Lcighton, Wellington-All Saints, Wrock-
wardine, and Wroxeter; and the p. curacies of Buildwas,
Eaton-Constantine, Hadley, Ketley, Lawley, Longdon-
on-Tern, Rowton, Uppington, Wellington-Christchurch,
and Withington.
LICHFIELD, Hants. See Litchfilld.
LICKEY, a chapelry in the pari.shcs of Bromsgrovo
and Kings-Norton, Worcester ; on the Fiirniinghani and
Gloucester railway, at tho junction of tho branch la
Eedditch, 4 miles NE of Bromsgrove. It w;i3 consti-
tuted in 1858; and it contains the r. station of Barnt-
Green, and has a post-office under Bromsgrove. Pop. in
1861, 1 3C1. Houses, 285. Fop. of the Brom.jgrovo
LICKHILL.
29
LIDFORD.
portion, ?70. Houses, 182. The Lickey hills iuchule
liubury, Bilbtrry, Rediuill, and Beacon; they exhibit
scenes of remarkable beautj-; they command very exten-
sive and very fine prosiiects; and one of them is crowned
with an obelisk, in memory of the late Earl of rij'raouth.
A spring here sends off two runnels, one of which goes
tlirough the Stour to the Severn, while the other goes
tlirough the Kea and the Trent to the German ocean.
Pleasure parties from a far extent of .surrounding coun-
tr)-, and from Birmingham, visit Lickey in the summer
months ; and visitors find good accommodation at a local
hotel. Tlie living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Wor-
cester. Value, £200. • Patron, the Vicar of Broms-
grove. The church was built in 1856, at a cost of about
£2,000; is in the early English style; and consists of
nave, aisles, and chancel, \vith a belfry. There are
chapels for Independents, Wesleyans, and "Primitive Me-
thotlists, and a national school.
LICKHILL, a hamlet in the Kidderminster- Foreign
section of Kidderminster parish, "Worcester.
LICKHUEST, a place 4i miles ESE of Garstang, in
Lancashire.
LID, or Lyd (The), a small river of the W of Devon;
rising at Branscombe-Loaf in Dartmoor, and ninning
about 1-34 miles to the Tamar at Lifton.
LIDBROOK, a village in English-Bicknor parish,
Gloucester; on the river Wye, 4^ miles S of Ross. It
lias a post-office under Ross, and a Baptist chapel; and a
Tramroad, used for the conveyance of coal and timber,
goes from it, through Dean forest, to Newnham and
Lydney ou the Severn.
LID"BURY, an ancient camp in the N of Wilts; SJ
juiles NW of Ludgershall. It has a quadrangular out-
line; measures about 990 feet in circuit; and is girt by a
rampart 40 feet high. A bank and ditch go down from
it to the site of an ancient British village in the valley.
The Twin Barrows are about a mile to the S; and the
Chisenbury and Comb-Hill camps, together -ivith some
other ancient earthworks, are in the neighbourhood.
LIDDEL (The), a river belonging partly to Cumber-
land. It comes from Scotland; is joined, at the point
(if contact with England, by Kershope bum ; runs about
7 miles south-westward, along the boundary between
Scotland and England; falls into the Esk a little above
Kirk -Andrews; and is followed, along the Cumberland
bank, by the North British railway. It possesses cele-
brity within Scotland; gives there the name of Liddes-
d.T.le to the Tipi'm which it drains; figures much in the
historj- of the border raids; is sung by Dr. Armstrong in
his poem of "Health;" and affords good sport to anglers.
LIDDIARD-MILLICENT, a village and a parish in
Cricklade district, Wilts. The village stands 2 miles S
of Purton r. station, and 3 NE by N of Wootton-Bas-
sett; and has a post-office under Swindon. The parish
comprises 2,321 acres. Real property, with Purton,
£'24,310. Ratedproperty of L.-M. alone, £3,126. Pop.
in 1851, 491; in 1861, 588. Houses, 121. The increase
of pop. arose from the proximity of the SE section to
Swindon r. station. The property Ls subdivided. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Gloucester and Bris-
tol. Value, £495. Patron, Pembroke College, O.xford.
'ilie church has a tower. Charities, £3 5s.
LIDDIARD-TREEOOOZE, a village and a parish in
Crickla<ie district, Wilts. Tlie -village stands near the
Great Western railway, 2 miles N\V of Swindon r. sta-
tion, and 3 EXF, of Wootton-Bassett; was known, at the
Conquest, as LMiar; and gives the title of Baron to Vis-
count Bulingbroke. The parish comprises 5,142 acres.
Hated property, £7,721. Pop., 795. Hou.se.s, 160. The
property i-i divided among a few. The manor belonged
to the Treeijnozes: passed to the Grandisons, the Pates-
liuUs, and the P.eauchamps; and has belonged, since the
time of Henry V!., to tlio St Johns, Vi.scounts Boling-
broke. Liddiard Park is the seat of Viscount Boling-
broke. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Glou-
cester and Bristol Value, £628.* Patron, Viscouut
T5olingbroke. The churcli i.s ancient; was jiartly rebuilt
in 1683; und.;rwent thorough rustonitiou about 1852;
has a tower; and contains banners, helmets, pedigrees,
and monuments of the Viscounts Bolingbroke. There
are a school for both sexes, and cliarities about £21
LTDDIARD-ST. LAWRENCE. See Lydeard.
LIDDINGTON, a village and a parisli in Uppingliam
district, Rutland. The village stands 2 miles S by°E of
Upj)ingham, and 2} W bySof Seaton r. station; is very
ancient; was formerly a market-town, and of much
larger size tlian now; and has a post-office under Up-
pingham. The parish comprises 2,020 acres. Real pro-
perty, £4,543. Pop., 613. Houses, 138. The manor
belongs to the Marquis of Exeter. The custom of bor-
ough English prevails. Liddington House is the seat of
T. J. Brj'an, Esq. A palace of the bishops of Lincoln
stood here; was converted, in 1602, into an hospital for
a warden, 12 men and 2 women, with endowment now
yielding £116 a-year; and the hall of it still stands,
shows features of ancient splendour, and retains its old
painted glass windows. The living is a rectory, united
with the vicarage of Caldecote, in the diocese of Peter-
borough. Value, £420.* Patron, the Bishop of Peter-
borough. The church is ancient; consists of nave, aisles,
and chancel, with tower and sliort spire; and contains an
ancient screen and some well-preserved brasses. There
are a Wesleyan chapel, and an endowed school with about
£10 a-year.
LIDDINGTON, a parish in Highworth district, Wilts.
The village stands 4 miles SE by S of Swindon, and 5
SE of Swindon r. station; and is small. The parish con-
tains also the hamlets of Liddington-Wick, Liddington-
Warren, Coate, and Aledbourn. Post-town, Swindon.
Acres, 2,767. Real propertj-, £4,362. Pop., 440. Houses,
93. The property is divided among a few. The mauor
belongs to the Duke of Mariborough. Remains of the
old manor-house, of Tudor date, suiTounded by a moat,
are in a dell. Liddington Castle, or Badbury, is an an-
cient British camp, large and circular; and was the scene
of a decisive defeat of the Saxons under Cerdic, by King
Arthui'. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Glou-
cester and Bristol. Value, £325.* Patron, the Duke
of ilarlhorough. The church is ancient; was restored in
1850; has a roof of timber frame-work, and a tower; and
contains a very ancient font, and monuments of two
church dignitaries, sujiposed to be abbesses of Shaftes-
bury. There are a ^\'e3leyan chapel and a national
school.
LIDFORD, or Lydford, a village and a parish in
Tavistock district, Devon. The village stands on the
river Lid, near the Tavistock and Laimceston railway,
amid a wild tract of country, on the W side of Dartmoor,
7 miles N by E of Tavistock; is a very ancient place;
was formerly known as Lighaford; figured as a borough,
having 8 burgesses within the walls and 41 without," iu
the time of Edward the Confessor; claims even to have
entertained Julius Csesar and his army, on Caesar's second
expedition into Britain; had a mint in the time of
Ethelred II., some of the coins of which are said still to
exist; was taxed on an equality with London, and had
fortifications and 140 burgesses, at the Dome.sdav survey;
served, for ages, as the great mart for the tin of an ex-
tensive surrounding miiung region; was the seat of
stannary courts till toward t!ie end of last century; had,
in connexion with these conns, a castle or prison, the
dungeons of which seem to have been scarcely less
horrible than tho.se of the Spanish inquisition; acquired
such bad reputation by the arbitrary manner in which
accused persons were tried and punished, that Lidfonl
law came to be proverbially d';..cribed as '• hang fir.st and
try afterwards;" sent members to jiarliament twice in
the time of Edward I.; had, for a long period, beginning
in 1267, a weekly market and an annual three-days' fair;
decayed so greatly in modern times as to be reduced to
6 or 8 miseralilc cottages; and has now a railwav station,
and a fair on the Tuesday after 20 July.— The parish
contains also Prince-town, wliich has a head post-olKce,
designated Princotown, Devon,— the convict prison in
Dartmoor,— and the hamlets of Dinnabridge, Hexworthy,
Huckaby, and Two Bridges; and, excepting 2,092 acres|
it all lies in Dartmoor-forest Total acres, 56 333*
Real property, £1,846. Pop. in 1351, 1,008; in is61
LIDGATE.
30
LIFTON.
2,815. Houses, 20S. The increase of pop. was wholly
in the Dartmoor-forest quarter, which had 1,697 in 1851,
and 2,599 in 1861; and the incresise arose chiefly from
the additional number of convicts in the convict prison.
The property is not much divided. The manor was given,
in 1238, toIUchard, Earl of Cornwall; and it still be-
longs to the duchy of Cornwall. The scenery embraces
all the w^ild, romantic, picturesque, and divei-sified
features of Dartmoor; a general view of it is indicated in
our article Dartmoor; and many portions of it, and pro-
minent objects in it, ravines, tors, antiquities, and other
things, are separately noticed throughout our work.
The ancient castle of the village still stands, but is now
the mere shell of a square tower on a mouncL A one-
arched bridge, over the Lid, about J of a mile S of the
Tillage, spans a frightful chasm, and has much re-
semblance to Pont-y-Monach, or Devil's Bridge, in Car-
diganshire. A romantic and very beautiful cascade, not
far from the bridge, is formed by the rush of a streamlet
down a rugged slope, in a narrow chasm, about 100 feet,
to thS deep ravine of the Lid; and has such rich accom-
paniments of wood and contour that Gilpin describes the
cascade itself as "the least considerable part of the
scenery." The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Exeter. Value, £160.* Patron, the Prince of Wales.
The church is of the 13th century; contains a primitive
font; and commands a superb view, particularly of the
extensive front of Dartmoor, with its tors. The church-
yard contains an old tombstone resembling a cromlech.
The p. curacy of Dartmoor, or Princetow^l, is a separate
benefice. There ii a ^ye3leyan chapeL
LIDGATE, or Lydoate, a village and a parish in the
district of Ne^vmarket and county of Suffolk. The vil-
lage stands near the boundary with Cambridgeshire, 6
miles S by W of Higham r. station, and 6| SE of New-
market; and has a post-oflSce under Newmarket. — The
parish comprises 1,780 acres. Real property, £3,120.
Pop., 443. Houses, 99. The property is divided chiefly
among four. The manor belonged to Eichard " sans
Nose;" was given by him to Bury abbey; and belongs
now to W. C. Kitchiner, Esq. Remains exist of a castle,
wliich belonged to the Earl of Pembroke, in the time of
Edward 111. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Ely. Value, £435.* Patron, the Rev. Pa)bert H. Cave.
The church is ancient; was restored partly in 1853, and
further in 1863; and consists of nave, aisles, and chancel,
with a tower. There are an Independent chapel, a
parochial school, and charities £15. John of Lidgate, a
poet of the 15th century, and a monk of Bury abbey, was
a native.
LIDGEMOOR, a place 1 mile SE of Weobly, in Here-
fordshire.
LIDGEN. See Lidsino.
LIDGET, a village in Lepton township, Kirkheaton
parish, "W. K. Yorkshire; 3J miles ESE of Huddersfield.
LIDGET -GREEN, a village in Horton township,
Bradford parish, W. R. Yorkshiie; near Bradford.
LIDGETT, a hamlet in Edwinstowe parish, Notts; 1
mile S of Edwinstowe village.
LIDLINGTON, a village and a parish in Ampthill
disti'ict, Beds. The village stands adjacent to the Bed-
ford and Blntchley nulway, 3 miles \V by N of Ampthill;
and has a station on the railway, and a post-office under
Ampthill. — The parish comprises 2,520 acres. Real pro-
perty, £4,050. Pop., 845. Houses, 179. The property
is divided among a few. The manor and most of the
land belong to the Duke of Bedford. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Ely. Value, £174.* Patron,
the Duke of Bedford. The church is finely situated ; but,
from the nature of the foundation, is unsafe. The church-
yard contains a marble monument to Mi's. W. C. C. Ben-
tinck. There are chapels for Wesleyans and Primitive
Methodists, and cliarities £45.
LIDNEY, or Lydxev, a small town, a paiish, and a
sub district, in the district of Chepstow and county of
Glo\icester. The town stands in Dean forest, on a
streamlet running to the Severn, § a mile W of the South
Wales railway, about a mile W of the Severn, and 9 NE
of Chepstow; is supposed to occupy the site of the Roman
station Abona; has a harbour, called Lidney-croek, en-
tered through gates 26 feet wide, and containing berthage
for vessels of 400 tons; is connected, by tram railway,
with the Wye at Lidbrook; makes extensive shipments
of coal, stone, iron ore, iron products, and timber; is a seat
of petty sessions; and has a he.ul post-office,:;: a railway-
station, a hotel, a church, three dissenting chapels, a
mechanics' institute, a large school for both sexes, a wool
and stock fair on 25 June, and other fairs on 4 Mav and
8 November. — The parish contains also the tythiiig of
Aylburton, and the hamlets of Allastou, Nn.ss, Ne^veme,
and Purton. Acres, 8,073; of which 1,370 are water.
Real property, £19,008; of which £600 are in mines, and
£16 in fisheries. Pop. in 1851, 2,577; in 1861, 2,839.
Houses, 511. Lidney Park is the seat of tlio Bathurst
family; and occupies the site of Whitecross House, wliich
was built by Sir William Wyntour, vice-admiral in the
rime of Queen Elizabeth, — was fortified and defended,
for Charles I., by Sir John W}-ntour,— and, on the fall of
the king, was abandoned and burnt to the ground by Sir
John. Remains of a Roman viUa and of two Roman
camps are in the grounds; and a Roman hath, pieces of
tesselated pavement, urns, statues, coins, and other
Roman relics have been foimd. An excellent building-
stone is quarried; coal and iron-ore are mined; and there
are extensive iron and tinplate works. The living is a
vicarage, united with the chapehy of Aylburton, in the
diocese of Gloucester and Bristol Value, £600. Patrons,
the Dean and Chapter of Hereford. The parochial chm-ch
is early English; has windows of a later date; was re-
cently restored; consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with
tower and hand.^me spire; and contains a new car\'ed
stone pulpit, and beautiful painted windows. Ajibarton
church was rebuilt in 1857. The »lLssenting chapels are
Baptist, Weslej-an, and Primitive Slethodist. Charities,
£3. The sub-district contain.^ also six other parishes,
four tythings of another, and West Dean township.
Acres, 22,335. Pop., 5,907. Houses, 1,184.
LIDSEY, a hamlet in Aldingboiirn parish, Sussex; 4^
miles E of Chichester. Pop., 106.
LIDSHAII. See Lkdsham.
LIDSING, or Lidckx, a ville in Medway district,
Kent; 3 J miles SE of Chatham. Acres, 439;' of which
40 are water. Pop., 30. Houses, 5. The ville forais a
chapeliy, annexed to the vicarage of Gillingham, in tha
diocese of Rochester.
LIDSTONE, a hamlet in Enstone parish, Oxford; o:i
the river Glvme, 3 miles SE by E of Chippiuf-Norton.
Pop., 162. "Houses, 33.
LIDSTONE, a hamlet in Charleton parish, Devon; 3
miles SE of Kingsbridge.
LIEGECASTLE, a hamlet in Llancarvan parish,
Glamorgan; 4i mOes SE of Cowbrid<'e.
LIEPSCOTT. See Hepscoit.
LIFTON, a village, a jjarish, a sub-district, and a
hundred, in Devon. The village stands in the valley ol"
the river Lid, about a mile from its influx to the Tauiai-,
at the boundary with Cornwall, and near the Laun-
ceston railway and the Bude canal, 4 miles E by N cf
Lauuceston ; was known, before the Conquest, as Lysiston ;
is a seat of petty sessions; and has a post-office, desig-
nated Lifton, North Devon, a n'ihvay-station, a good
inn, and fairs on 15 February, flolj' Thursday, and 29
October. — Tlie parish contains also the hamlets of
Lifton Down, Crosstown, Beara, Lower Cookworthy,
Higher Cookworthy, Tinnev, and West Week. Acres,
5,982. Real property, £7,904; of which £500 are in
mines, and £470 in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 1,667; in
1861, 1,441. Houses, 325. The decrease of pop. was
caused by lessened demand for labour in manganese
mines, by junction of farms, and by introduction of agri-
cultural machinery. The property is divided among a
few. The manor Wiis held by Eail Godwin; passed to
subsequent Earls of Kent and Westmoreland; went after-
wards to the Harrises and the Arundells; .Tnd, with Lilton
Park, belongs now to H. Bradshaw, Esq. Limf rtone,
lead ore, and manganese are among the minerals; and
the limestone is worked. The living is a rectory in tho
diocese of Exeter. Value, £491.* Patron, H. Brad-
LIGHTCLIFFE.
31
LILLIXGSTONE-LOVELL.
hbxx; Y^i. The chiircli U nncient, in tolerably good
con-lition; consists of nave, S aislo, and chancel, with
a lofty tower; and contaijis raonunieuts of the HaiTiies
an-i others. There are chapels for Baptists, Wcsley-
ar.3, and Bible Christians, and a charity school for
girb. The sub -district contains also eight other
parishes, and is in Tavistock district. Acres, 22,947.
rep., 3,975. Houses, 829. — The hundred contains
T>ent\'-one parishes and part of another. Acres, 133,300.
Tod. in 1S51, 15,847; in 1861, 15,433. Houses, 2,827.
LIGEA. See Lea (The).
LIGECEASTRE. See Caerleo.v.
LIGHTCLIFFE. a hainlet and a chapelry in Halifa.x
parish, "\V. R, Yorkshire. The hamlet lies on the Brad-
ioyi, Leeiis, and Halifa.x railway, 3 miles SE of Halifax;
and has a station ^vith telegraph on the railway, and a
pist-ofSce under Halifax. The chapelry was constituted
in 1S46. Pop. in 1861, 2,347. Houses, 508. The
property is subdivided; but much of the land belongs to
11 C. S. "Walker, Esq. The living is a p. cuiacy in the
di-xese of Eipon. Value, £140.* Patron, the Vicar of
Hilifas. The church is a plain edifice, in the Grecian
style: and consists of nave, aisles, and cupola-shaped
chancel, with a small tower. There are an Independent
cLap)el and some charities.
LIGHTGRAVE. See Leegrave.
LIGHTHORXE, a village and a parish in Southam
diitrict, "Warwick. The village stands near the Fosse
way, 3i miles N" of Kineton, and 4 S W by S of Harbury
r. station; and has a post-office under "Warwick. The
Pirish comprises 2,007 acres. Real property, £2,249.
op., 391. Houses, S5. The manor and most of the
Luid belong to Lord "Willoughby de Broke. The par-
ish is a meet for the Warwickshire hounds. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of Worcester. Value, £322.*
Pirron, Lord Willoughby de Broke. The church is
esrly ErzHsh, in good condition; consists of nave and
cbincel, with a tower; and contains a tablet to the lato
T.r:Td "^ViUoushbv de Broke. There is a national school.
LIGHTWbOi) FOREST. See Blurton and Light-
wood FC'REST.
LIGTOy. See Leighton and Leyton.
LILEOCRXE, a village and a parish in the district
of Rugby and county of Northampton. The village
stinds on the river Avon, near the Jfarket-Harborough
aid Itagby railway, near Watling-street, and near the
iri'eting-point of Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, and
"Wirwi ckshire, 4 miles ENE of Rugby; and has a station
on the railway. The parish comjirises 1,920 acres.
P :st-town. Rugby. Real property, £3,551. Pop., 292.
H oa«rf, 68. The property is chiefly divided among six.
The manor belongs to Corbet Smith, Esq. Extensive
ttrniuli are in a field at the E end of the church. An
eLX3.t;enient between the Danes and the Sa.^ons is said to
hive been fought at Roundhill. The living is a vicarage
in the dio<:ese of Peterborough. Value, £155.* Patron,
thr Lord Chancellor. The church consists of nave,
riiles, and chancel, with low embattled tower; and is
gcv'L There are a Wesleyan chapel, an endowed school
vr-.-.k. £10 a-year, and charities £27.
LILBCTRN" (E.\ST and AVest), two townships in Eg-
l:;ghim parish, Northumberland; on and near tha river
TiJ, 4 and2| miles SE of Wooler. Acres, 868 and 1,965.
Pop., S5 and 245. Houses, 16 and 40. "West Lilburn
has a post-office under Aln\vick. Lilburn Tower is the
f<it of E. CoUingwuod, Esq ; stands conspicuously on a
kiioll, in the middle of the valley; and is a Tudor man-
sion, by Dobscn. Ruins of an old chapel, where the
C-;lli.igwocKl3 were baptized and buried till the last gen-
enrion, are in the grounds. Tlie fragment of an ancient
tower, •nhich was the seat of the Lilburns in the 13th
ctntUT}.', is on the hill above. The base of a cross, witli
fo-ir steps, was found, in 1769, under a heap called the
"Apron-full of Stjres."
LILFORD, a parish in Oundle district, Northampton;
or; the riv:-r Nen, near the Nortliampton and Pcter-
I'croug'i railway, 3 luiles S by "W of Oundle. It contains
tie hamlet of Wigsthorpe; and its post-town is Oimdle.
Acres, 1,940. Real property, 2,503. Pop., 179. Houses,
29. The manor, with Lilford Hall, belongs to Lord
Lilford, and gives him his title of Baron. The Hall was
built in 1635, aud stands in a beautifully divcr^^iiied
Tiark. Tlie living is a vicarage, annexed to the rectory
of Thorpe-Achurch, in the diocese of Peterboroiigh.
LILIES. See Hakdwicki:, Bucks.
LILLESDON, a tj-tliing in Nortli Cuny parish, So-
merset; 64 miles W of Langport. Real property, £2,180.
Pop., 238.
LILLESHALL, a pari.'ih in Newport district, S;dop;
on the Donington-AVood branch of the Shrewsbury canal,
and on the Shropshire Union railway, round Donington
r. station, and near the boundary with Stafl'ordshire, 3
miles SSW of Ne\vport. It contains the townships of
Muston and Donington, — the latter of which has a post-
office under Newport, Salop; and it includes the chnpel-
ries of Doniugton-"\V'ood-St. Matthew and Donington-
Woud-St. George. Acres, 6,140. Real property, £42,S43;
of which £14,600 are in mines, and £10,000 in iron-
works. Pop. in 1851, 3,987; in 1861, 3,746. Houses,
691. The property is divided among a few. The mauor
and most of the land belong to the Duke of Sutherland.
Lilleshall House, a seat of the Duke, is a white freestone
edifice ; and stands ou a rising-groimd, commanding a
very extensive view. An Augustinian abbey was founded,
about a mUe from the parish church, about the year
1145, by Richard de Belnieis; had, at the dissolution,
an endowed income of £327; was then given to James
Leveson, ancestor of the Duke of Sutherland; and ha.s
left considerable ruins, including parts of the church 228
feet long, with Norman doorways and later English E
window. Coal is extensively worked. The head living
is a vicarage, and the livings of St. Matthew and St.
George are p. curacies, in the diocese of Lichfield. Va-
lue of the vicarage, £350;* of St. M., £200;* of St. G.,
£205. Patron of all the three, the Duke of Sutherland.
The parochial church is ancient and very good ; has a
tower; aud contains effigies of Sir Richard and Lady
Catherine Leveson, of date 1661 and 1674, and other
monuments. There are national schools for both sexes.
LILLEY, a tj-thing in Catmore parish, Berks; 4^
miles WSW of East Ilsley. Pop., 74.
LILLEY, or Lindley, a village and a parish in Hit-
chin district, Herts. The village stands ne.ir the boun-
dary with Beds, 4 miles NNE of Luton r. station, and 5
"WSW of Hitcliin ; and has a po.st-offi'e under Luton.
The parish contains also part of thehandetof Mangrove.
Acres, 1,822. Real property, £2,657. Pop. in 1S51,
528; in 1861, 4S0. Houses, 100. The property is di-
vided among a few. The manor belonged formerly to
the Dockwras famUy. A park at Putteridge-Bury be-
longs to George Sowerby, Esq. The living Ls a rectory
in the diocese of Rochester. Value, £500.* Patron, St.
John's College, Cambridge. Tlie church is ancient, but
good; and consists of nave, chancel, and S porch, with
small wooden spire.
LILLIFFEE, a hamlet in Hedsor parish, Bucks; U
miles SE of Great Jlarlow.
LILLINGS-AMBO, a township in Sheriti-Hutton par-
ish, N. R. Yorkshire; near the Scarborough railway, Ok
miles NNE of York. Acres, 1,530. Real property,
£1,884. Pop., 196. Houses, 42. The manor belongs
to C. M. Ingram, Esq.
LILLINGSTOXE-DAYRELL, a parish in the district
and county of Buckiugham ; near tlie boundary with
Northamptonshire, 4^ miles N of Buckingliaia r. station.
Post-town, Buckingham. Acres, 2,223. Real property, ,
£2,585. Pop., 198. Houses, 83. The property is di-
vided among three. The manor has belonged since be-
fore the Conquest to the Da3TcJl family. Lillingstnno
House is the seat of A. J. Robarts, Esq., and stands iu
an extensive park. The living is a rectory in the dio-
cese of O.xfurd. Value, £27y. ^ Patron, E. V. Dayreli,
Esq. The church is ancient but good; consists of nave,
S aisle, aud chancel, with porch aud tower; and contains
brasses and tombs of the DayrcUs from 1 4S1. Charities,
£15.
LILLINGSTONE-LOVELL, a parish in the district
and county of Buckingham; adjacent to the boundary
LILLIXGTOX
32
LIMINGTON.
with Northamptonsbire, i^ miles N hy E of Bucking-
ham r. station. Post - town, Buckingliaru. Acres,
1,269. Real property, £1,758. Pop., 185. Houses,
37. The property belongs to the Eev. K. Delap. The
living is a rector}' in the diocese of 0.xford. Value,
£193.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church is
ancient but good ; consists of nave, aisles, and chancel,
with porch and ivy-covered tower; had formerly chantry
chapels ; and contauis sedilia, a piscina, three brasses,
and several monuments. There are a parochial school,
and charities £15.
LILLINGTON, a parish in Sherborne district, Dor-
set; 2| miles SSW of Sherborne r. station. Post-to-svn,
Sherborne. Acres, 1,807. Real propertj-, £2,557. Pop.,
163. Houses, 35. The property is divided among a
few. The living is a rectorj' in the diocese of Salisbury.
Value, not reported. Patron, R. Gordon, Esq. The
church is good.
LILLINGTON, a parish, with a village, in the dis-
trict and county of Warwick; li mile N J< E of Leaming-
ton r. station, and 3 NE of Warwick. Post-town,
Leamington. Acres, 1,324. Real property, £6,460. Pop.
in 1851, 309; in 1861, 480. Houses, 87. The increase
of pop. arose from increase of house accommodation. The
property is subdivided. The manor and most of the land
belong to H. C. Wise, Esq. Lillingtou House is the
seat of J. Montgomery, Esq. ; Blakedown House, of A.
S. Field, Esq.; and Elm Bank, of T. L. Stanger-Leathes,
Esq. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Worces-
ter. Value, £327.* Patron, H. C. Wise, Esq. The
church is ancient; belonged once to the monks of Kenil-
worth; was restored in 1S47, and enlarged in 185S; con-
sists now of nave, aisles, and chancel, with embattled
tower; and has a fine stained glass E window. There
are a national school and a working-men's reading-room.
LILLSWOOD, a place in the SW of Northumber-
land; 54 miles ESE of Allendale.
LILLYHOO, a hamlet in Wateringburj- parish, Kent;
ii miles SW of JIaidstone. Pop., 31.
LILLYSTONE, a place in the S of Essex; 3} miles
NNE of Billericay.
LILSTOCK, a parish in Williton district, Somerset;
on the coast, 8 miles KE by E of Williton r. station.
Post-town, Stogursey, under Bridgewater. Acres, 1,160;
of which 450 are water. Real property, £1,240. Pop.,
71. Houses, 13. The property belongs to Sir P. Ac-
land, Bart. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the
vicarage of Stogursey, in the diocese of Bath and Wells.
The church is a plain building, with a tower.
LILWALL, Pembers-Oak, and Chickwakd, a town-
ship in Kington parish, Hereford; 2 miles S of Kington.
Pop., 346. Houses, 73.
LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY ISLANDS, two islets at
the boundary between Lancashire and Westmoreland;
in Windermere, between the W shore and Belle Isle.
LIMBER-HILL, a hamlet in Egton parish, N. E.
Yorkshire; 74 miles WSW of Whitby.
LIMBER-MAGNA, a village and a parish in Caistor
district, Lincoln. The village stands on the Wolds, 4
miles S by E of Ulceby r. station, and 5 N by E of Cais-
tor; and has a post-ofBce, of the name of Limber, under
Ulceby. The parish comprises 5,180 acres. Real pro-
pei-t3% £8,213. Pop., 514. Houses, 91. The manor
belongs to the Earl of Yarborough. An alien priory, a
i-ell to Aulnoy abbey in Normandy, was founded here,
in the time of Henry II., by Piiohard de Humet; went,
in the time of Richard II., to the Carthusian abbey of
St. Anne, near Coventry; and, as part of that abbey's
possessions, was given, at the dissolution, to John Bellow
and others. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Lincoln. Value, £623.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor.
The church is old but good, and has a tower. There are
a Wcsleyau chapel, a national school for this and four
other parishes, a working men's librarv, and charities
£10.
LIMBER-PARVA, a hamlet in Brocklcsby parish,
Lincoln;" 2 miles N of Limber-Magna.
LIMBO, a place in the W of Sussex; 2 miles N of
IV.tworth.
LIMBURY-CUM-BISCOTT, a hamlet in Luton parish,
Beds; 3 miles NW of Luton. Real property, £3,479.
Pop., 355. Houses, 72. There is a Wesleyan chapel.
LlilEBROOK, a township in Wigmore parish, Here-
ford; near the river Lug, 4J miles ENE of Prestcign.
Pop., 178. An Augustinian nmmery was founded here,
in the time of Richard I., by tlie Mortimers; and was
given, at the dissolution, to John West and Robert
Gratwick.
LIMEHOUSE, a parish and a sub-district, in Stepney
district, Middlesex. The parish lies on the N bank of
the Thames, along Liraehouse Reach, on the Lea or
Limehouse Cut, on the Regent's canal, and on the Lon-
don and Blackwall railway, 3 miles E of St. I'aul's, Lon-
don; fornis part of the Jletropolitan borough of Tower
Hamlets; was included in Stepney parish tiU 1730; con-
tains the Limehouse, the Regent's and ship building
docks; and has a station with telegraph on the railway,
a post-office i and pillar-boxes imder London E. It was
originally called Limelmrst, signifying "lime grove;''
and it is said to have got that name from the existence
of many lime trees on its site. The old streets are nar-
row and irregular; but fine wide roads lead to the E and
W India docks, and to the Bow-road. The parish suffered
gre^it injury from a fire in 1716; and much of its site,
prior to that time, was occupied by market-gardens and
rope-walks. ^lauy of its inhabitants are employed in
ship-building, rope-making, sail-making, chain-making,
cable-making, anchor-making, block-making, and other
occupations connected with the docks. The limits until
1838, included part of Ratcliff hamlet, and stUl politi-
cally include the chapelry of Limehoube-St. John, and
parts of the chapelries of Bow-Common and Ratclitf.
Acres, 265; of which 16 are water. Real property, £76,915.
Pop., exclusive of Ratcliff, in 1851, 22,782; in 1861, 27,161.
Houses, 3,694. Pop. of the Limehouse-St. John portion,
9,531; of the Bow-Common portion, 1,833; of the Rat-
cliff portion, 1,927. The head-living, or that of Lirae-
honse-St. Anne, is a rectory, united with the chapelries
of St. Andrews and St. Peter's mi.ssions, and the other
livings are p. curacies, in the diocese of London. Value,
of St. Anne, with its two chapelries, £714;* of St. John,
£300.* Patron of St. A., Brazenose College, Oxford; of
St. J., the Bishop of London. St. Anne's church was
built in 1724, after designs by Hawkesmoor; was one of
the fifty erected by Queen Anne; is a massive structure, in
tlie Grecian style; .suffered much injury by fire in 185C;
and was restored at a cost of £13,000. An Independent
chapel was built in 1866; and there are several other dis-
senting chapels. There are also national .schools en-
dowed with £190 a-year, other schools, alras-hou>-es, and
other endowed charities about £140 a-year; the Stranger.s'
home for Asiatics; and the Stepney workhouse, commonly
called the Children's Establishment. Limehouse Reach
is the part of the Thames between Limehouse and the
Isle of Dogs; has a length of about IJ mile, and a depth
of from 10 to 16 feet; and is called in its deepest part,
whci-e many foreign vessels lie, Limehouse Hole.
The sub-district is contemiinate with the parish.
LIMERSEY, a place 2 miles NE of Ampthill, Reds.
LIMER3T0N, a hamlet in Brixton parish, I.sle of
Wight ; 5A miles SW of Newiwrt.
LIMINGTON, a village and a parish in Yeovil district,
Somerset. The village .stands l\ mile SE of Ilchester,
and 6 SW by W of Spai-kford r. station. — The parish in-
cludes the tything of Draycott; and its post-town is
Ilchester, under Taunton. Acres, 1,602. Real property,
£2,703. Pop., 341. Houses, 73. The property is sub-
tlivided. The manor belongs to G. D. Digby, Esq. The
living is a recton" in the diocese of Bath and Wells.
Value, £412. » Patron, Wadham College, Oxford, Tlie
church is early decorated and later English; consists
of nave, N transept, and chancel, with porch and
lofty tower; and contains a r<.cumbent efrlgies of Sir
Gilbert Gv\'erny, of the 14tli century, several mural
monuments of the Beatons, and the arms of Lord Har-
rington, of the 15th centuiy. There are a Primitive
Methodist chapel and a national schooL Cardinal Wol-
sey was rector^.
LIMPENHOE.
S3
LINCOLN.
LLMINGTON, Hants. See Lysiungtos.
LlitNl",. See Lympse.
LLMPENHOE, a parish, with a village, in BlofielJ
district, Norfolk; near the Yarmouth railwaj' and the
river Yare, 2 miles WNW of Ilecdham r. station, and 11
ESE of Norwich. Po.st-town, Reedham, under Norwich.
Acres, 1,075. Real property, £1,918. Pop., 227. Houses,
43. The property is much subdivided. Hill House is
the seat of R. Bullaid, Esq^ The living is a vicarage,
annexed to the rectory of Southwood, in the diocese of
Norwich. The church has an ivy-mantled tower, and is
good. There are a Primitive Methodist chapel, and a
national school.
LlilPLEY-STOKE, a village and a chapelry in Brad-
ford parish, "Wilts. The village stands near the river
Avon, the Kennet and Avon canal, the Bathampron
branch of the Great Western i-ailway, and the boundary
.with .Somerset, 3^ mUes W of Brad/"'-d; presents a roman-
tic appearance, as seen from the ascent toward Freshford;
commands a curious view of the river, the canal, and the
railway, winding side by side, at different elevations,
down the valley; is environed by hanging woods and
orchards, and by a wild declivity, with pictoresque fea-
tures ; and has a railway station, a recent hydropathic
establishment, and a girls' reformatory. The chapelry
was reconstituted in 1345, and is conjoined with Wios-
ley. Post-town, Bradford - on - Avon. Pop. in 1361,
985. Houses, 218. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of Salisbury. Value, £147. Patrons, the Dean
and Chapter of Bristol The church is small; and there
is a AVesleyaa chapeL
LlilPOLE, a village in Harworth parish, Notts; on
the river Tom, 2 miles NW of Bawtry.
LIMPSFIELD, a village and a parish in Godstone dis-
trict, Surrey. The village standi 6 miles NE of God-
stone r. station, and 12 ENE of Eeigate; and has a post-
office under Red Hill. The parish contains also Moor-
house, Tenchley, and Trevereux. Acres, 3,904. Real
propert}', £5,334. Pop., 1,216. Houses, 245. The pro-
perty is di\iiled among a few. The manor belongs to
G. W. G. Leveson Gower, Esq. Hookwood, adjoining
the vOlage, is the seat of Mrs. Gower; Tenchley Park is
the seat of Seymour Teulon, Esq. ; Moor House is the re-
sidence of J. F. Harris, Esq. ; and Trevereux is the pro-
perty of H. Cox, Esq. A house near the centre of the
village was long occupied by Mrs. Stanhope, the wTiter of
well-known published letters to her husband, Philip Stan-
hope, the natural son of Lord Chesterfield. A picturesque
conimou, clumped with firs, lies above the village; and
other parts of the parochial surface are diversified and
beautii'oi. StalTords - Wood is a favourite resort of
gj'psies. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Win-
chester. Value, £699.* Patron, W. Leveson Gower,
Esq. The church is mainly early English, in good con-
dition; has a tower, possibly Norman, with a piscina in
the S wall, and surmounted by a spire; comprises nave,
N aisle, and chancel; and contains a fine marble monu-
ment to Lord Elphinstone. There are a Baptist chapel,
national and infant schools, and charities £4.
LINACRE. See Bootle, Lancashire.
LINAN (The), a stream of North Wales; running to
the sea, near Carnarvon.
LINBPvlDGE, a hamlet in Linton parish, Devon; 4
a mile from Linton village. See Lintok, Devon.
LINBRIGGS, a township in Allenton paris^h, North-
umberland; on the river Cociuet, 2 miles W of Allenton.
Acres,^9,.'J00. Pop., 69. Houses, 9.
LINBY, or Li.N'DEBY, a village and a parish in Bas-
ford district, Notts. The village stau.ls ailjaceut to the
Nottingham and Mansfield railway, near the river Leen,
Pj miles -N by W of Nottingham;" has a station on the
railway, and a po.st-othce imder Nottingham; and has
likewise two aucicnt crosses, which were sujiposed to
mark au entrance-boundary of Sliorwoud forest. — The
parish comprises 1,190 acres. Real property, £2,147; of
which £25 are in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 310; in 1361,
257. Houses, 53. The property is not divided. The
manor belongs to jV. F. W. i\Iontagu, Esq. The li'viiig
is a rectory in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £2iiU.
Patron, A. F. W. Montagu, Esq. The church was re-
cently restored, has a tower, and contains monument*
of the Chaworths.
LINCII, or Lyn'CH, a place 4i miles W of Aylesbury,
in Bucks.
LINCH, or L'i'Ncn, a parish in Midhurst district,
Sussex; on the Midhurst and Haslemere railway, 4^
miles N by W of ilidlmrst. Post-town, Midhurst,
Acres, 1,220. Real propert}', £733. Pop., 111. Houses,
19. The property is dinded among a few. The manor
was kno-mi at Domesday as Lince; belonged then to
Ulric; passed to Viscount ilontague, — afterwards to W.
S. Poyntz, Esq. ; and belongs now to the Earl of Egmont.
A detached tract, called Linch House and Cottages, lie*
near Bepton. The living is a rectoiy in the diocese of
Chichester. Value, £31. Patron, the Earl of Egmont.
The church is a plain building, mainly of about the year
1700; but has a curious E window of much older date.
LINCHFORD, a hamlet in Widecoinbe-in-the-Moor
parish, Devon; 6 miles NW of Ashburton.
LINCPIL.\DE, or Linsl.^de, a village and a parish in
the district of Leighton-Buzzard and county of Bucking-
ham. The village stands on the Northwestern railway,
the Grand Junction canal, and the river Ouzel, at the
boundary -with Beds, contiguous to the new Leighton-
Buzzard r. station, in the NNW vicinity of Leighton-
Buzzard; is a modern place, of rapid growth, promising
to become a town; is a seat of petty sessions; and has a
post-office under Leighton-Buzzard, several inns, and a
fife and drum band. — The parish contains also a small
old village of Linchlade, which was once a market town».
and likewise the hamlet of Sonthcott. Acres, 1,830.
Real property, £6,465. Pop. in 1851, 1,309; in 1861,.
1,511. Houses, 297. The property is not much divided.
The manor belonged formerly to the Beauchamps, and
belongs now to W. Pldsford, Esq. A tunnel of the
Northwestern railway here is 290 yards long. There are
ironstone and a pilgrim's welL The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of O.xford. Value, £120.* Patron, the
Bishop of Oxford. The old church stands at the old
village, has a tower, and is now used only for burials,
and for occasional services in summer. The new church
was built in 1849; and, together with a national school,
cost about £3,000.
LINCHMERE, or Lyxcjimere, a parish in Midhurst
district, Sussex; on the Midiiurst and Haslemere rail-
way, 3 miles SW of Hasknicre. Post-town, Haslemere,
under Liphook. Acres, 2,101. Real property, £1,131.
Pop., 2S3. Houses, 56. The propert)' is chielly divided
among four. The manor belonged anciently to the De
Percys; pa.'ised to the Fitzalaus, — afterwards to Sir
William Fitzwilliam; and belongs now to the Earl o!
Egmont. Shulbrede jiriory, in this parish, was founded
in the time of Henry III., by Sir Ralph de Ardeme, for
Augustiuian canons; was given, at the dissolution, to
Sir William Fitzwilliam; and has left some remains, on
part of which are stiU discernible some curious fresco
paintings. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
Chichester. Value, £60. Patron, the Rev. W. H.
Parson. The church is of the 1 4th century; was restored
in 1856; and consists of nave, aisle, and chancel. There
is a parochial school.
LINCOLN, a city and a district in Lincolnshire, and
a diocese partly also in Notts. The city stands on Er-
mine-street, the Fosse way, and the nver Witham, at a
convergence of railways, 36 miles NW of Boston, and
132 byroad, but 138 "by railway, N by W of London.
The AVitham is navigable from it, lor steam-boats, to tht>
sea; the Fossdykc navigation connects it with the Trent,
and with a ramified system of canals; iipd railways g)
from it tov/ard Boston, Newark, Retford, Gainsborough,
and New Holland, and give it communication with ad
parts of the kingdom.
Jlisforii. — Lincoln was the Lindcoit of the ancient
Britons, the Lindum Colnnia of the Romans, .and the
Lindeyll.mceaster, the Lindcylne. the Lincolla, and the
Lincoliio of the Saxons. It took the first jnirt of tlr;
ancient name, in every ra.se, from the river Witham,
which anciently was called Lindis; au'l it takes its pra-
LINCOLN.
34
LINCOLN.
sent name from a combination of the syllables Lin and
Coin, — the latter of which is an abbreviation of the Ro-
man Colonia. It was a seat of population in the time
of the ancient Britons; and it figured as a place of great
importance in the times of the Romans, the Saxons, and
the Normans. The Romans made it not only a station,
but a strong-walled town. The Saxons besieged it in
518; were driven off by the Britons; took and lost and
re-took it in subsequent years; and made it one of the
capitals of Mercia in 585. Edwin, King of Northumbria,
obtained possession of aU the portions of Lincolnshire
N and E of it about 630; and St. Paulinus, under Ed-
win's authority, first preached Christianity in the city,
was well received by the governor and many of the in-
habitants, and built here a handsome stone church.
The Danes repeatedly assailed or took the city, and
ravaged it; and were eventually repelled in 1016, by
Edmund, son of Ethelred, A castle was built in it, in
1086, by William the Conqueror, to keep the inhabitants
in awe; and so great was the castle that 166 mansions
were taken down to make room for it. The Domesday
survey records the city tq have contained 1,070 mansions,
and to have had 950 burgesses. A great fire devastated
it in 1110, and an earthquake seriously damaged it in
1135. The canal or Fossdyke was cut from it to Torksey,
in the time of Henry I. The Empress Maud was be-
sieged in its castle, in 1140, by Stephen ; and she made
an escape, and the castle was surrendered. Her parti.-
zans got possession again in the following year; and the
castle was again invested by Stephen; but the Earl of
Gloucester came against it, took the king prisoner, and
overthrew his army. Henry 11., after having been
crowned in London, came to Lincoln to be crowned
again; and he thus gave evidence of the high position
which the city held in public estimation. David, King
of Scotland, met King John here, in 1201, and did him
homage in the presence of a vast multitude. The rebel
barons, in the interest of Louis the Dauphin of France,
invested the city in 1217; they retired from it on the ap-
proach of John; they re-invested it on hearing that John
had lost his army, and had died; and they were attacked
and vanquished, in 1218, by the Earl of Pembrolce, re-
gent to the youthful Henry III. The victors pillaged
the city; and, in consequence of the great booty which
they found, the soldiers called their victory "Lincoln
Fair." The city was sacked again in 1266; it came to
the Lacys; it passed to John of Gaunt, who, in 1396,
married here Lady Smnford, mother of the Beauforts;
it became, in 1352, at the arrival of the Flemings, a seat
of trade for wooUens, leather, and lead; it rebelled, under
Sir R. Wells, against Edward IV., and shared in the
disasters of the "battle of Lose-coat field;" it rose, in
1536, under Abbot Mackerel, against the ecclesiastical
reforms of the vice-regent Cromwell; and it declared for
the king at the commencement of the civil wars of
Charles 1., but went early into possession of the parlia-
mentarians. The royalists attempted to gain it by
treachery, but failed; and they eventually took it by
force. The Earl of Manchester, at the head of the par-
liamentary forces, in 1644, stormed the lower part of the
city, and drove the royalists thence into the castle, and
into the cathedral. The royalists fortified the cathedral,
and made an obstinate resistance there and in the castle:
bnt both places were taken by storm.
Several Jews were executed at Lincoln, in 1255, on
the charge of cruoil'sTng a child. King Stephen kept
Chiistmas here in 1147. Henry II. was here in 1153.
King John, besides being here in 1201, to meet the King
of Scotland, was here also in 1204. Edward I. held here,
in 1301, a parliament which asserted his right to invade
Scotland; and confirmed here, in 1305, the jNlagna Charta.
Edward II. held parliaments here in 1316-7; and Ed-
ward III., in 1327. Richard II. was here in 13S6; Henry
VI., in 144G; Henry VII., in 1485, after Bosworth field;
Henry VIII., in 1541, on his fatal visit to Catheiine
Howard; and Charles I., in 1642. — Willis the physician,
Hilton the painter, and Disney, Partridge, and Reyner,
the theologians, were natives. The city gives the title
of Earl to the Duke of Newc.istle.
Site and Stntclure. — The situation of Lincoln is emi-
nently picturesque. The city extends from the Witham,
on each side, N and S, by one chief line of streets of
consider.able length, intersected by shorter cross streets.
It stands principally on the N bank, on an eminence
which rises rather abruptly from the low ground; but it
occupies also a spacious low tract on the S. The upper or
N section is locally designated "up-hill" or "above-
hill ;" spreads over slopes and plateau, to a hei^rht of
210 feet above the river; is about a mile long and°l,000
yards wide; and contains the cathedral, the castle, the
lunatic asyhmi, some of the other public buildings, and
many of the best private houses. The lower or sleclion
is locally designated "below-hill;" presents an appear-
ance much inferior to that of the upper section; and con-
tains the principal shops and inns, the markets, the least
prominent of the public buOdings, and most of the
abodes of the working population. The exterior view,
from the S, on the slope of the opposite hill, is peculiarly
beautiful ; comprising the open country ou the left, the
valley of the Witham on the right, and the city itself in
front, stretching from the levef ground up and over the
hill, covering the slopes with its houses and embowering
trees, and exhibiting on the top, in bold relief against
the sky, the porticoed asylum, the ivy-covered castle-
keep, and the magnificent mass and towers of the cathe-
dral. Some interior views also, or rather views from the
vantage-grounds of the city's upper section outward to
the country, are eminently fine and of great extent, par-
ticularly toward Newark and Grantham on the S, and
toward the Humber on the N. A vast extent of coun-
try, descending from the plateau of the wold.*:, and
spreading away in a flat expanse of fens, lies below the
eye like a map; and the cathedral dominates sublimely
over the whole, so as to be visible from distances almost
incredible, such as even from the hills beyond Buxton in
Derbyshire.
The ancient British town occupied the crown of the
hdl; extended much further N than the Newport or N
gate of the subsequent Roman town; and Ls supposed to
have left vestiges in certain indications of ramparts and
ditches stiU visible. The Roman tov,-n was a parallelo-
gram, engirt by strong walls, with four gates; enclosing
the site of the cathedral close on the E, and that of tho
castle on the W; and divided into four eqnal parts, by
tivo streets crossing each other at right angles, and ter-
minating at the gates. The S and the E gates were
taken down at a comparatively recent peiiod; the W
gate, after long stimulating and balSing antiquarian in-
quiries as to its site and fate, was accidentally discovered,
in 1836, among the great mounds of the castle wall, but
fell to pieces almost as soon as found; and the N gate
StiU stands, bears now the name of Newport -gate, gives
admission to the city by the road from Hull, and is con-
sidered one of the most perfect and interesting extant
English specimens of genuine Roman architecture. The
main arch has a rude appearance, being composed of
largo coarse uncemented stones, while fully 11 feet of its
height are sunk below the present level of the street. A
smaller arch is at the E side; and another of the same
character is on the W side, but is concealed by an ad-
joining hou.se. Another fortified wall, with comer
towers, was buOt by the Romans to the S of the parallel-
ogram; and this descended from the top of the hiU to
the bottom, turned there at right angles, and went along
the side of the river. The Roman walls were greatly al-
tered or destroyed by the Saxons, in their refortifications
of the town; they also underwent alteraricus and addi-
tions at subsequent periods, particularly during the civil
wars; yet they have left manj- remains' c^f rannpirts and
ditches, though these are now of such mutilated and.
mixed character that it is very difficult to define what
portions of them are reaUy Roman, aiul what portions
are Saxon or NoiTnan. The Roman Ermine-street gives
its name to that part of the city's principal street which
is above the castlc-hill; it passes through the extant
Roman or Newport gate; and, for 11 or 12 miles thence,
it is as straight as an arrow. The Fossiiyke also, though
so cut or cleared out as to be a navigable channel in tha
LINCOLN.
35
LINCOLN.
riiiie of HeEiy I., is supposed to have originally been a
work of the IJomans. .N[any Roman coins, tablets, iii-
fccripti"ns, and otuer Ro.-Qan relics have been found.
Ad aaciea: burial-ground, supposed to have been at-
xached to oce of the earliest churches, was, not long ago,
.iLs..\)vered at the widening of a road up to the asylum;
iEd the tom\>s in it were rough flat stones laid together
in the maniicr of a rude receptacle for tho body, without
anv coiSn. Fragments of very ancient buildings, vari-
otslj Saxon, Norman, and early English, and compris-
ing arches, doorways, turrets, mullioned windows, and
j'ieoes of will, are remarkably numerous, but, for the
most part, Lave been so absorbed by other buildings, or
so disecratfi, or so severely damaged, as to be interesting
only to enihnsiastic antiquaries. The remains of the
•a^tle and some portions of churches are exceptions, as
to breadtii and boldness of appearance, but will after-
■cards he noticed. Monasteries, ancient churches, and
edinoes akin to them were so numerous and have been
so erteasively overthrown without being utterly extin-
guished, that many barns, stables, and even hog-sties
Hiay be foimd to include portions of their walls, door-
Trays, or arched windows. An ancient chantry, now
calii-l St. M.-.ry's conduit, at the W eud of the church
of St ilary-le-Wigford, is a beautiful specimen of the
architectur* of the early part of the 1 4th century. The
remains of a house in which John of Gaunt lived with
his wife, Laiy .Swinford, are now included in a modem-
looking maiLiion in the southern skirts of the city, close
to the London road; and had a remarkably beautiful
small oriel -svindow of the 14th centurj-, which has been
rumored, ai.i placed between the gateways of the castle.
Two remaining sides of a very old quadrangular house,
■which was probably connected with that of John of Gaunt,
ire on the opposite side of the road; and the entry to it
josses under a semioircular arch, with zigzag or Norman
decoration. Another domestic biiilding, of what may be
call&i Norman times, is on tho W side of the Steep-hill;
EI10W3 a sing^ilarly ornamented front; and has a semi-arch-
ei enrrj- decorated with moiddings. Tliis is usually called
the Jews'hoase, because itwas inhabited bya Jewess named
Eelesset de Wallingforil, who was hanged for clipping
cc'H in the rime of Edward L ; and, as it has, over the
semi-arched entr}% a chimney-projection for a room on
the S'eoond fi jor, it has been depicted and described, in
the Pictorial History of England, as evidence that, in
the Norman times, tiie principivl room of a house wa.s on
the next alcove the ground floor. A timber house near
St. ilary's conduit is a good specimen of the timber
ar.-hiticture of the 15th century. " Lincoln," remarks
Ht. Chambers, "is still a preserved town of the middle
ages, — a striking engraftmeut of Sa.Yon upon Roman
antiquities, and Norman upon Saxon, and an Elizabethan
t-r'wn upon all; exhibiting, indeed, memorials of almost
all the past and gone thiugs of English history, and sur-
j risingly little of the tastes and habits of modem men to
Lcar or interiire with the effect."
Yet the city has really undergone great modem im-
provement. Slany old houses have been demolished or
Kodemiscd; many new ones have been built; and some
streets and outskirts pres-rnt an entirely new aspeci-.
The inhabited houses increased, during the ton years
eridic; in l;ol, from 279 to 350 in the parish of St.
Nicholas, from 230 to 364 in the parish of St. Mary-le-
ATigforrl, from 2S5 to 444 in the pari.sh of St. Petsr-
at-Gcwts, and from 617 to 960 in the parish of St.
Swithin; cor;siderab!e increase by erection of new
t-r.rs, or dt:crva.->e by dcmolitiou of old ones, occurred
in most of t::a other parishes ; and 27 were in course
r,i erection at the taking of the census. A new plan
of dmiaage abo w.is drawn out, in 1S65, by the sur-
veyor to the cor{)oration, computed to cost i;i5,000,
and of such a character as to correct or sweep away a
great aggreqtite amount of nuisance. "W.iter, for the
supply of the inhabitants, is l)rought from Prial brook,
pome miles distAut; and is sent to tho upper part of tlie
c-ity by means of a steam-engine. There are three con-
dr.ito, besides re.sprvoLrs; and tlie conduits give supply to
the lower parts of the city. One of them hiis already
been noticed, as anciently a chantry, at the W end of
the church of St. Mary-le-\Vigford; and another, of a
dilferent age and of different constmction, is in a field
near the workhouse. A large common, on the W of tha
city, gives a right of grazing for three cattle to every
resident freeman, and for one to every other householder;
and contains a race-course, where races are held annu-
ally in Spring, and whicli has a grand stand erected, by
tho old corporation, at a cost of £6,000. Another com-
mon, on the S, gives similar rights to those given by the
W common; and two other fields, called the Holmes and
the Monks'-Leys, belong exclusively to the freemen. A
spacious lake, called Brayford, is a harbour for vessels;
is surrounded with wharves, warehouses, and flour mills,
and commands very beautiful views of the upper part of
the city.
Public Buildings. — The castle, though extensively
demolished and now a mere ruin, still presents an im-
posing appearance. The gateway has an elegant pointed
arch, and a massive battle mented superstructure; and is
supposed to belong to the 14th century. Remains of the
original gateway, as built by William the Conqueror,
are immediately within the arch. The keep stands half
within and half without the walls ; occupies nearly aU
the surface of a high, very large, and very strongly-
formed artificial mound; and must, before the invention
of modem artillery, have been almost impregnable. The
walls inclose an area of about 1,790 feet; stand upon
vast earth - works, sloping down exteriorly to a great
depth; measure now from 17 to 30 feet in height, and
from 5 feet at the top to a OTadual increase downward ia
thickness; and were formerly stu'mounted by battlements
5 feet high and 2 feet broad. Cobbs' hall, or hole, is a
ground-floor apartment beneath a small ^ower, overlook-
ing the walls; has a finely groined roof, and vastly thick
walls; and commuuicates, by a trapdoor, with a duu-
geon-cell below. — The county hall stands on the AV side
of the ca3tle-3'ard; wa.s erected after designs by Smirke;
is in the castellated style; and, inclusive of its internal
decorations, cost nearly £40,000. The county jail stands
at tho back of the county hall; is a brick building,
witliin a waUed inclosure of 6| acres; and has capacity
for 77 male and 15 ft-malu prisoners. The city jail
stands in the New-road, and has capacity for 26 male
and 9 female prisonei-s. The Judges' lodging, for the
accommodation of the judges during the a,-isize>, stands
on the Castle hill, and is an elegant mansion. The guild-
hall is tho Stone bow of the 15th century ; staniis across
High-street, in a line with the southern boundary of
the extended Roman city; comprises a large pointed
gate-way, with flanking circular towers, all decorated
with mouldings, and embattled; and has, in a niche in
the E tower, a large statue of the angel Gabriel holding
a scroll, — in another niche, an effigies of the Virgin JIary
trampling on a serpent, and, between them, on the out-
side of the two towers, tlie arms of the city. The High
bridge over the Witham is of the 15th centtiry, or pos-
sibly earlier; has a main arch 21J feet in span and 11
feet high, with two side arches at right angles; is tradi-
tionally said to have formerly had five arches, across as
many channels of the river; was encumbered, or made
difficidt of access, by numerous old religious houses,
which were taken down in 1S15, when the bridge was
widened; and is surmounted, at the centre, by a rasti-
cally-ornamented obelisk, erected in 1763. Two other
old bridges foitnerly crossed a branch of the Witham, in
the line of tho principal street; but they were taken
down, and superseded by a handsome new one, in 1315.
The corn-exchange is a recent erection, after designs by
Bellamy; has a Roman basement and a Corinthian super-
structure; and contains a large and elegant room for
public meetings, concerts, and festivals. A row of
shops, called tlie new market, is on tho S side of the
corn exchange; the vegetable market was recently fonned
out of the old slieep luarket; and tho new cattle market
was formed in 184S, and has attached to it a commodi-
ous hotel. Tho MidLind Counties insurance oftice, in
Silver-street, is an elegant recent edifice, in the modem
classic style; and makes, from basement to fneze, a rich
LINCOLN.
36
LINCOLN.
display of earring and sculpture. The lunatic asylum
Is a handsome edifice, 260 feet long; has a noble front
with Ionic portico; has also a statue of Dr. Edvraid
P. Charlesworth, erected in 1854; is conducted without
auy measures of coercion; and has usually froni 80 to
110 patients. The county hospital, on Steep hill, was
erected in 1769; had a new wing added in ISoo, at a
cost of £1,300; and is supported by voluntary contribu-
tions The workhouse, situated near the lunatic asy-
lum, was erected in 1837; is a spacious buU.img; and,_
at the census of 1861, had 232 inmates. The mechanics
institution was opened in 1832, on the ground-floor of
the same buiWing as the grammar-school, on part of the
site of the Franciscan friaiy ; was removed to the city
assembly-rooms in 1863; and contains a library of up-
wards of 4,000 volumes, and a museum containing an-
tiquities found in the city and its neighbourhood, and
many hundred specimens in natural hii^tory. There ai-e
a subscription librarj-, a medical Library, news-rooms,
assembly-rooms, and a theatre. Other public buildings
will be noticed in subsequent paragi-aphs.
The C(U!iedral.—Tl\s cathedral of Lincoln occupies a
more commanding site than any other cathedral in Eng-
land; and, as already noticed, both makes a conspicuous
fitrure over a great extent of circumjacent country, and
is°distinctly visible at remarkably great distances in other
counties. It also is so grand in itself as to have no rival
in England, except perhaps in the minster of York. It
likewise fomJs a splendid study to the architect and the
antiquary, as containing within its compass every variety
of style, from the simple massive Norman to the latest
statue of pointed art. It once, too, had magnificence of
another kind; for, in 1540, it lost by piUage 2,621 ounces
of i-'old, 4,285 ounces of silver, and a countless number ot
lich pearls, diamonds, rubies, sapphires, carbuncles, and
other gems. It comprises two western towers und a cen-
tral one; a nave of seven bays, with aisles; a W transept,
vnth an eastern chapel in the E wing; a great transept,
with thi-ee bays and three eastern chantries iu each wmg;
a cralilee porch on the SW side of the main transept; a
choir of seven bays, with aisles; a S chapel called Bishop
Longland's chantry; a choir transept of two bays, wth
apsidal chapels in each wing, and with St. Hugh's cha-
pel attached to the N wing, and a lavatory and three
sacristies attached to the S wing; a presbyteiy, Lady
chapel, or angel choir, of three bays, with aisles, and
rendered cruciform by having Bishop Fleming's chapel
on the N side, and Bishop Russell's on the S side; and a
cloister and a chapter-house, the former N of the choir,
and the latter reached from it by a vestibule. The
ground covered by the pile measures two acres, two
roods, and six perches. The W front is 173 feet long,
and 83 feet high; the western towers are 35 feet along
each side, and 206 feet high; the central tower is 53 feet
along each side, and 268 feet high; each tower was for-
roeriy surmounted by a spire 101 feet high; the nave is
255 feet long, 80 wide, and SO high; the main transept
is 222 feet long, 66 wide, and 74 high; the choir is 153
feet long, 80 mde, and 74 high; the choir transept, with
chantries, is 170 feet long, 44 wide, and 72 high; the
piesbytei-y or Ladv chapel, is 116 feet long, 82 mde, and
72 high; the cloister is 18 feet long from N to S, and
90 feet wide; the chapter-house is 62 feet long, 62 wide,
and 42 high; and the entire pile is 486 feet long. The
building material is the oolitic and calcareous stone of
the vicmity; and this has the pecidiarity of becoming
coated with a hard surface; which serves voiy consider-
ubly to prevent or retard decay.
the cathedral was commenced, on the plan of that of
Eouen, in 1075, by Bishop IJemigius; was completed,
within its original design, in 1092, by Robert Bloet; and,
after suffering much injury from a fire, was repaired and
vaulted, in 1123-47, by Alexander. Additions to the
original W front, the entire E front of the AV transept,
tlie' entire E transept and chapels, the choir, and the
chapter-house, were built, in 1186-1203, by St. Hugh.
The galilee porch and the W side of the mam transept
were finished .soon after St. Hugh's deatli. Therood-
i;reen and the cloister were commenced in the time of 1
Edward I. The nave was completed, in 1205-35, by
Hugh of "Wells. The central tower, originally ill-built,
fell "suddenly in 1237; and w;is rebuilt, up to a vaulted
termination one story above the roof, iu 1237-54, by
Grosteste. The presbyterj- was begun, in 1250, by
Lexington; and completed, in 1282, by Oliver Sutton.
The upper portion of the central tower, and the spire which
surmounted it, were built in 1300-19, by D'Alberby.
The Burghersh chapel was built in 1320-42, by Henry
Burn-hersh. The statues and some \rinilows in the W
front, the upper part of the S front of the main tran-
sept, and the stalls of the choir were erected, in 1351-
81, 'oy the treasurer 'Welbourne. Bishop Fleming's
chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was built, iu
1420-31, by Richard Fleming. The gieat W window,
and the upper parts of the western towers, were built, in
1436-50, by WUliam Alnwick. Bishop Rusjell's cha-
pel, dedicated to St. Blaise, was built, in 1430-95, by
John Russell. Bishop Longland's chapel, dedicated U
St. Catherine, Wiis built in 1521-47, by John Longland.
The spii-e of the central tower was destroyed by a storm
in 1547; the spires of the western towers were taken
down in 1807; and lightning conductore were placed
alon" the body of the nave and on the corners of the
towe^, in 1865. Restorations of the cathedral, at great
cost and with many results, were etfected during numer-
ous years prior to 1866, and were then stiU in progres-s.
One series of them, during fourteen years terminating in
1859, cost nearly £22,000; and an important one, begun
in 1865, and confined to the W front, was designed to
collect the remains of old columns long removed, to copy
them with minutest detail in Lincoln oolite, and to put
in fresh pieces, copied with minutest accuracy, into those
parts of the Nonnaii doorway which were perishing from
age.
The W front sHows a NoiTnan base covered with
arcades, a broad early English screen above, and oc-
tagonal pinnacled towers at the sides. The jambs and
lateral arches of the central doorway, the bases of _th(^
towers, and the adjacent gable are portions of the original
front of Remigius and Bloet. A statue of Bloet is on
the N; and one of St. Hugh is on the S. The Norman
doorway is deeply recessed; an arcade of canopied statues
of kings, from William the Conqueror to Edward III.,
is above the doorway; and a lofty later English arch,
with a cinqnefoil above it, is beneath the gable. Ilio
front has also a series of emblematic sculptures, rude and
quaint, but highly interesting; and it presents, on the
whole, an imposing and elaborate appearance; yet it suf-
fers the serious defect of exhibiting a comparatively great
surface of masonry unrelieved by glass. The western
towers have a base of three tiers of arcade ; show, on each
face, two very large windows of two lights, with inagnili-
cent canopies; and are crowned, at the angles, with tur-
rets surmounted by pinnacles. The central tower rests
franiily on four arches; is of similar design to the western
towers, but much more richly decorated; and is so tra-
versed or honey-combed ^rith galleries and passages as
almost to have two walls. The famous bell, called
Great Tom, possibly a corruption of Grand Ton, was
cast at Lincoln in 1610, and hung in the north-westei^ii
tower; cracked and became useless in December, 1827;
was recast, in November, 1834, by Thomas Hears of
Whitechapel; and was hung in the central tower in 1335.
The nave is divided by piers, with unlilleted columns;
its triforium has two arcades, of alternately two and
three arches, in each bay; and its clerestoiy has three
pointed lights in each coinpartment. The morning ser-
vice chapel, containing the Nonnan font of llemigius, is
on tlio N side of the nave aisles; and tiie chaj-.el of St.
llu"h is on the S. The S front of the main transept has
a decorated vdndowof five light? and adoublc-crceketted
o^ble, set between two t.ill pinnacles; and the M front
forms' a porch ^Wth pediraeutcd canopy, and has seven
lancets in the galile, flanked with turret pinnacles. The
open central lantern is enriched with rose ^rinlows, each
24 feet iu diameter, filled with stained glass of the 13tli
century; has a double arcade, the upper one a clerestory;
and terminates in stone-vaultiug, 127 itet from the pavo-
LINCOLN.
37
LINCOLN'.
tiient. The presbytery, or LaJy chapel has an E cnil of
thrte gnblcs, — the central one loftier than the others,
and separated by ornate double buttresses, terminating
in oct-igiinal pinnacles and crocketted spirelets; has there
a central window of eight lights, with geometrical tra-
cery,— and above it, divided by a string-course, a win-
dow of five lights with gcometi-ical tracery; has ^vindow3
and pinnacles of the .same character in the aisles; has a
Tuagnifioent S porch, wth deeply recessed dooi-way,
g-abled and flanked wth pinnacles, and adorned ^vith
statues of the evangelists; and contains thirty ingenious
sculptures, probably set up by Grosteste, representing
patriarchs, prophets, angels, and other subjects, playing
on the shawm, the haqs, the zebec, the cittern, the tabor,
and other instruments. The cloister is remarkable for
adjoimng the choir rather than the nave; is mainly geo-
metrical decorated, composed of bays; includes a N alley
in the Doric style, built by Sir Christopher Wren,
monstrously incongruous with the rest of the pile, and
Euxraounted by the library; and contains, in the S"W
angle, a portion of Roman tesselated pavement, dis-
covered in 1793. The chapter-house is decagond; shows
a W front of three pedimented arcaded compartments;
has a vaulted stone roof, supported externally by flying
buttresses, and internally by a central pair of Purbeck
marble with ten engaged columns ; and was probably the
earliest of the many decagonal chapter-houses, with cen-
tral supporting piers, in Britain.
The "numerous chapels and chantries in the cathedral
exhibit characters and decorations in full keeping with
the rest of the pile. The rood screen shows exquisite
workmanship; and the organ screen above covers the
tabernacle-work. The oak stalls are of the 14th centurj-,
and si.xty-two in number; and they have intricate cano-
pies and misereres, sculptured and carved with great
^■^riety of subject. Eighty-seven tombs were in the nave,
and very many in the other parts, prior to the civil wars
of Charles L ; but great numbers of them were nmtilated
or destroyed at the storming of the city by the Earl of
Manchester. The principal monuments now are, in the
nave, a window by Eaton and Butler, of 1858 ; in St.
Paul's chapel, a window by A. and H. Sutton, and a
cinquefoil by Crace, both of 1858; in the Lady chapel,
an effigies of Baron Burghersh, of 1356, beneath a canopy
with three tabernacles; in the N aisle, an effigies of
Bishop Burghersh of 1340, — the head supported by
evangelistic symbols; in the S aisle, effigies of Lord
Cantilupe of 1355, and of Prior "Wymbish of Nocton; in
the S transept, remains of the shrine of D'^Vlderby; in
Trinity chapel, effigies and cadaver of Bishop Fleming;
in St. Blaise's chapel, altar-tomb and screen of Bishop
Russell; Ln St. Catherine's chapel, altar- tomb, chantry,
and screen of Bishop Longland; on the N side of the
choir, an Easter tomb of Bishop Bloet, with figures of
three armed knights watching; on the S side of the choir,
monuments of Lady S win ford, her daughter Joan, and
the Countess of Westmoreland; in the S choir transept,
a recumbent figure of Bishop Kaye, by Westmacott; in
the S aisle, the fragment of a monument of St. Hugh;
and in the cloister, the damaged Norman coffin-lid of
Reraigius.
Tlio Cathedral-close is an irregular space around the
cathedral; was formerly enclosed by a fortified precinct
wall; luid, together with adjacent courts and lanes, con-
tains many pieces of curious old architecture — muUioned
windows, projecting chimneys, armorial tablets, and other
fragments — iiiixtd up with more modern masonry. The
«nclosure wall was built bj- Bishop Sutton; and the
Exchequer-gate was built in the time of Edward I.
Portions of the d'fancry of the 13th century, and portions
of houses of the Itth and 15th centuries, still exi.-st. The
Vicar's court contains four houses, occupied by the vicars
choral of the c.athcilral; once formed a quadrangle; and
has a gateway of the time of Edv.-ard L Buildings now
used as stables were erected, in lioO, by Bishop Alnwick.
One house in the close w.as occupied by Dr. Paley, as
subdcan of Lincoln; and was the place where he wrote
some of his well-known works. Ruins of the Bishop's
palace stand near the close, a little way down the slope
toward the S; include the shell of a hall, 75 feet long
and 55 feet wide, consisting of nave and aisles; include
also a kitchen, which is connected by a loftily-arched
bridge with the hall, and lias seven chimneys; and re-
tains an entrance-tower, which was built by Bishop Aln-
wick. The palace itself was begun by Bishop Chesney;
and it gave entertainment, in the time of Longland, tc
Henry VIII. and Qurtn Catherine Howard,— and in the
time of Neile, to James I. The present i)alace of the
Bishop is at Riseholme.
Churches. — There formerly were 52 churches in the
city; but now, exclusive of dissenting ones, there are
only 12; and these, in the aggregate, possess much less
architectural interest than any equal or similar mmiber
in most other large old towns. St. Benedict's church,
near High bridge, presents some good specimens of Nor-
man; has a handsome E aisle window, of the time of
Heniy VII.; and contains a brass of Alderman Becke of
1620. St. Martin's church contains a tomb of Sir T.
Grantham. St. Jlary-le-Wigford's church has a Nonnan
nave and tower, and an earl)- English E end; and has
been restored. St. Nicholas' church was built in 1840,
at a cost of £2,500; and is in the early English style.
St. Paul-in-the Bail's church is conjectured to have been
built on the remains of one erected by Paulinus. St.
Peter-at-Arches' church is a modem structure, in the
Grecian style. St. Peter-in-Eastgate's church was re-
built in 1778, on the site of one of the earliest in the city.
St. Peter-at-Gowts' church is Norman, with a tower; and
contains an ancient font.
There were, in 1866, two Independent chapels, one
Particular Baptist, one General Baptist, one Quaker, three
Weslej'an, two Primitive Methodist, two United Free
Methodist, one LTnitarian, and one Roman Catholic. One
of the Independent chapels was built in 1841, at a cost
of £4,000; and is a lai-ge and elegant edifice, in the
pointed style. One of the Wesleyan chapels was built
in 1837; has a remarkably commodious gallery; and is
the largest chapel of the AVesleyans in Lincolnshire. The
Roman Catholic chap-^l was built in 1799; and contains
a painting of the "Taking Down from the Cross,"
brought by the English nuns from Gravelines convent in
France, at the time of the Frencli revolution.
The ptiblic cemetery, on the Canwick-road, was formed
in 1856, at a cost of about £8,000; comprises an area of
15 acres, well laid out; aud contains two chapels, semi-
detached, in the early English style, after designs by
M. Drury. St. Peter- in-Eastgate and St. Margaret's
cemetery, in Langn-orth-gate, was formed also in 1 856 ;
comprises 1 acre for St. Peter's parish, aiul 1.^ for St.
IMargaret's; is plea5;intly situated "above-hill," and
prettily laid out ; and contains, among other tombstones,
those of three persons whose united ages were 2S1 years.
St. Swithin's cemetery, in Rosemary-lane, also is of re-
cent formation.
Parishe.^. — The parishes within the city are St. Bene-
dict, St. Bntolph, St. John-in-Newport, St. Jlargaret-in-
the-Close, St ISIark, St. Martin, St Mary-le-Wigford,
St. Mary JIagdalene-in-the Bail, St. Jlichael, St. Ni-
cholas, St Paul, St. Peter-at-Arches, St. Peter-at-
Gowts, St Peter-in-Eastgate, St. Swithin, and a small
portion of Canwick. There are also, within the city,
the extra-parochial places of Bishop's-Pidace, Castle-
Dykings, Cold-Bat'n-House, Lincoln-Lunatic Asylum,
Lincoln-Castle, and JIonks-Liberty. Acres of all tliu
parishes and the places, inclusive of all Canwick parish,
10,689. Real property of all, exclusive of the portion
of Canwick, in 1860, £82,975; of which £9D were in quar-
ries, £240 in railways, and £2,000 in gas-works. Pop.
in 1861, of St Bt-ne-Uct, 653; of St. Botolph, 1,027 ; of
St. John, 2S5 ; of St. Margaret, 452 ; of St. Mark, 722 ;
of St Martin, 3,232; of St. Mary-lc-Wigford, 1,746; of
of St Marv Magda'..-ne, 625; of St Michael, 1,290; of
St Nicholas, l',515; of St Paul, 789; of St. Pcter-at-
Arches, 562; of St. Pcter-at-Gowts, 2,055; of St. Petcr-
in-Eastgafe, 1,028; of St. Swithin, 4,60.';; of the portion
of Canwick, 4; of Bishops-Palace, 7; ofCastle-Dykiugs,
1S8; of Cold-Bath-Kouse, 5; of Lincoln-Lunatic-A'sylmn.
IOC; of Lincolii-Ca.itle, 16; of Monks-Liueity, 21.
LINCOLN.
LINCOLN.
The Uvings are all in the diocese of Lincoln; those of
St. Mary Magdalene, St. Paid, and St. Peter-at- Arches
are rectories; those of St. JIartiii, St. 3Iary-le-Wigford,
St. Nicholas, and St. John are vicarages; all the othei-s
are p. curacies ; and that of St. Peter-at- Arches is united
with that of St. Benedict, that of St. Nicholas is united
vrith that of St. John, and that of St. Peter-in-Eastgate
is united with that of St. Margaret. Talue of St. jMary
Magdalene, £120; of St. Paul, £68; of St. Peter-at-
Arches-with-St. Benedict, £234;* of St. Martin, £129;
of St. Mary-le-Wigfurd, £114;* of St. Nicholas- with-St.
John, £250; of St. Botolph, £150; of St. Mark, £73;
of St. Michael, £116; of St. Peter-in-Eastgate-with-St.
Margaret, £171; of St. Peter-at-Gowts, £94; of St.
SwiSiiii, £150. Patrons, of St. Mary Magdalene, and of
St, Nicholas-with-St. John, the Dean and Chapter of
Lincoln ; of St. Paul, the Archdeacon of Lincoln ; of St.
Peter-at-Arches-with St. Benedict, of St. Botolph, of
St Martin, and of St Maiy-le-TVigford, the Bishop of
Lincoln ; of St Slark, of St. Michael, of St. Peter-at-
Gowts, and of St. Swithin, the Precentor of Lincoln
Cathedral; of St Peter-in-Eastgate-with-St Margaret,
alternately the Bishop and the Precentor.
Schw!^ and Charities. — The grammar-school stands in
Broadgate, on part of the site of the Franciscan friary ;
was endowed, m 1693, by Henry Stone ; has the Jersey
school in connexion with it; and has £40 a-year from
endowment. The blue-coat school, or Christ's Hospital,
on Christ's Hospital terrace, was endowed, in 1602, by
Dr. Kichai-d Smith, for educating and maintaining 12
poor boys ; became so enriched, by subsequent bequests,
and by the increased value of its estates, as to have been
enabled, since 1815, to educate and maintain 100 boys;
admits pupils at the age of 7 or 8, keeps them till the age
of 14, and then apprentices them with each a premium of
£16 and two suits of clothes; and has an endowed income
of £1,578. Wilkinson's school has an endowed income of
£12. The infant school in Langvvorthgatc was built and
endowed, in 1829, by Mrs. Brackenbury and I^Iiss Mas-
singberd; and has capacity for about 120 pupils. The
central national school, Ln Silver-street, gives giiituitous
instruction, on Dr. BeU's system, to boys and ^rls; and
gives them also articles of clothing at every Christmas.
A free school is in the Bail ; a national school, for boys
and girls, is in Westgate ; a British school is in New-
laud ; and infant schools are in Freeschool-lane and
High-street. The "Wesleyan schools, in Eosemary-lane,
•were bmltin 1859, at a cost of £3,227; present a fajade
in the modem Italian style, of party-coloured bricks and
stone, with a clock-tower over the centi-e; are divided
into compartments for boys, girls, and infants ; and have
capacity for upwards of 500 children.
The Bede nouses, on Monks'-hUl, were erected and
endowed, in 1847, by the Rev. R. W. Sibthoi-p; com-
prise a neat range of fourteen small houses, each with
three rooms and an attached garden; and give to tlie
occupants each £18 a-year, with fuel, and mth some occa-
sional clothing; and they have, in connexion with them,
a neat chapel, also built by the Rev. R. W. Sibthorp,
adorned with a fine stained-glass window, and served by
a curate. Giles's alms-houses have £S a-year. There
are a lying-in-charity, a Dorcas charity, and a variety of
benevolent and miscellaneous institutions. The endowed
charities, additional to those for schools and alms-houses,
amount to at least £745 a-year.
Trade, <£•<;. — Lincoln has a head post-officej: in Guild-
hall-street, a receiving post-office in Bailg-ate, several
pillar-boxes in various parts, two general railway-stations
in High-street, two banking-offices, and five chief inns; is
a seat of assizes, quarter-sessions, petty sessions and county
courts; is also the place of election and a polling-place for
North Lincoln 'hii'e; and publishes three weekly news-
papers. A weekly market is held on Friday; a verj' largely-
attended horse fair is held on four days in the last
week of AprU; and other fairs are held on Jlid-Sumnier-
day, 6 Oct., and 28 Nov. A large trade is done in flour,
corn, and wool ; and there are several large breweries,
many malt kilns, corn-mills, corn warehouses, seed-
luiUs, bone-mills, tanneries, coach-factorio?, cooperages,
rope-walks, nursery -grounds, brick-fields, lime-kilns,
extensive iron foundries and machine-making works,,
and establishments for boat -buCding, brash -making, mat-
making, nail-making, tobacco-pipe-making, and wire-
working. The town is a borough by prescription ; was
first chartered by Charles I.; has sent two members to
parliament since the time of Henry III. ; and, under
the new act, is divided into 3 wards, and governed by a
mayor, six aldermen, and 18 councillors. The borough
limits have already been indicated in our paragraph on
its paiishes, and arc the same municipally a.? parliameu-
tarily. The police force, in 1864, comprised 21 men,
at an annual cost of £1,680; and the crimes committed,
during the year ending in Sept. 1864, were 23, — the per-
sons apprehended, 19, — the depredators and suspected
persons at large, 99, — the houses of bad character, 34.
Corporation revenue in 1861, £6,086. Amount of pro-
perty and income tax charged in 1863, £11,282. Electora
in 183-3, 1,043; in 1863, 1,659. Pop. in 1851, 17,536,^
in 1861, 20,999. Houses, 4,315.
The District. — Lincoln district, or poor-law union, is
divided into the sub-districts of Lincoln-Home, Lincoln-
Southwest, and Lincoln-Northeast. The Lincoln-Home
sub-district contains Lincoln city, the rest of Canwick
parish, the paj-ishes of Boultham, Bracebridge, Greet-
well, Cherry-Willingham, Fiskeiton, Keph:im, Nettle-
ham, Risehokne, Burton, Soi'th Carlton, and North Carl-
ton, and the extra-parochial tract of Grange de Lings.
Acres, 29,614. Pop. in 1851, 20,756; in 1861, 24,917.
Houses, 5,303. The Lincohi-Southwest sub-district con-
tains the parishes of Skinnand, Navenby, Boothby, Me-
theringham, Dunston, Coleby, Harmston, Nocton, Au-
bourn, Potter-Hanworth, Branston, Waddington, Mere,
South Hyclcham, North Hyckham; Thorpe-on-thc-Hill,
Eogle, Swinethoi-pe, DoJdington, Skellingthorpe, Wash-
inghorough, Baniney, and Stainfiold, and thee.xtra-paro-
chial tracts of E.igle-Hal!, Eagle-Woodhonse, and ilov-
ton. Acres, 70,276. Pop. in 1851, 13,001; in 1361,
13,605. House.s, 2,813. The Lincohi-Nortliea.st sub-
district contains the parishes of Apley, Goltho, Rand,
Holton - Beckering, Wickenby, Friesthorpe, Falding-
worth, Suarford, Snelland, Stainton-by-Langnorth, Bar-
lings, Sudbrooke, Scothern, Dunholm, AVelton, Cold
Hanworth, Hackthorn, Spridlington, East Firsby,
Owmby, Saxby, Normanby, Caenby, Ingham, Cammcr-
ingham, Brattleby, West Tliorpe, Aisthorpe, Scampton,
Broxholme, and Saselby-with-Ingleby, and the extra-
parochial tract of Colstead. Acres, 59,030. Pop. in
1851, 8,300; in 1861, 8,541. Houses, 1,751. Poor-
rates of the district in 1863, £17,821. Marriages, iu
1863, 411; births, 1,694,— of which 138 were illegiti-
mate; deaths, 944, — of which 345 were at ages under 5
years, and 31 at 'ages above 85. Marriages in the ten
years 1851-60, 3,646; births, 14,999; deaths, 9,107.
The places of worship, in 1851, were 76 of the Churcli
of England, with 12,942 sittings; 2 of Independent,-:,
with 1,550 s. ; 3 of Baptists, with 720 s.; 1 of Lady
Huntingdon's Connexion, with 260 s. ; 2 of Quakers,
with 110 s. ; 1 of Unitarians, with 130 s. ; 47 of Weslej'au
Jlethodists, with 9,070 s. ; 13 of Primitive Methodists,
with 1,021 s; 6 of Wesleyan Reformers, vrith 848 s. ;
and 1 of Roman Catholics, with 200 s. The schools
were 48 public day schools, with 3,899 scholars; 03 pri-
vate day schools, with 2,276 s. ; SO Sunday schools, witli
6,693 s.; and 3 evening schools for adults, with S3 s.
The Diocese. — What became the diocese of Lincoln
was originally the diocese of Wessex; bnt, pimr to its
becoming the diocese of Lincoln, it underwent great and
various changes. The seat of it, for a short time, was
Leicester; the seat aftei'Tvards was Dorchfster in Oxford-
shire; and the seat was transferred thence, in lOSS, tc
Lincoln. The dioce.se, therefore, in its early perioib,
bore a diversity of names, and was usually called by the
place where the bishop dwelt. It also, at diti'erent pe-
riods, was of various extent, sometimes enormously large,
at other times compar.atively small; yet, even after it
acquired settledness of limits, it was long .so extensive as
to comprehend not only the counties of Lincobi, Leices-
ter, Huntingdon, Bedford, Buckingham, and part of
LINCOLN.
39
LINCOLN.
Hertford, but also the further territories whicli subse-
quently became subject to the Bishops cf Ely, Peter-
borough, and Oxford. Henry L took the bishopric of
Ely out of it, and Henry YIIL, the bishoprics of Peter-
borough and Oxford. Even portions of the bishoprics of
■Winchester, Salisbury, Bath, Exeter, Worcester, Here-
ford, Gloucester, and Bristol, were at one time included
in it. The bishop had no fewer than twenty palaces, or
official residences; and so eminent was he, as compared
with the other English bishops, that no instance appears
to have occurred till the Reformation of any bishop of
Lincoln having ever been translated to another see, ex-
cept "Winchester. Among the bishops have been Kemi-
fius, who sat originally at Dorchester, was the first
Lshop of Lincoln-proper, and founded the cathedral;
Eobert Bloet, who was Lord Chancellor; De Blois, who
was Chief Justice, and the founder of four abbeys; Walter
de Constance, who went to the crusades; Hu^h de
Grenoble, who was canonized; Grostcste, noted for learn-
ing and for alleged thaumatm-gy ; Henry Burghersh,
who was Lord Chancellor; Buckingham, who was Lord
Keeper; Fleming, who founded Lincoln college, in Ox-
ford; Russell, \rno was Lord Chancellor: Wolsey, who
became Cardinal; Smith, who founded Brasenose college,
in Oxford; Longland, who incited the divorce of Queen
Catherine ; Chaderton, who, in a remarkable sermon on
marriage, compared a quest for a good wife to a search
for an eel in a barrel of snakes ; Barlow, who was nick-
named by the Puritans " the barley loaf;" NeUe, noted
for ambition; Sanderson, noted for learning; the second
Barlow, who never once visited his cathedral, and was
nicknamed " bishop of Buckden;" Thomas, who was
noted for his wit, and was five times married ; and
Kaye, noted for lerrntng. Among the dignitaries were
Henry of Huntingdon, Polydore Vergil, W. Outram,
H. Thorndike, George Herbert, L. Echard, S. Pegge,
and W. Paley ; also two who became archbishops, and
twenty-nine who became cardinab.
The cathedral establishment comprises the bishop, who
is provincial chancellor of Canterbur)* ; the dean ; four
canons residentifiry, one of whom is sub-dean, one pre-
centor, and one chancellor of the church; three arch-
deacons; thirty-six prebendaries; a chancellor of the
diocese; and four minor canons. The bishop's income is
£5,000; and the income of the chapter, which consists
of the dean and the four canons, is £8,800. The diocese,
a.s now consituted, consists of all Lincolnshire, and of all
Notts except part of Ironville; and is divided into the
archdeaconries of Lincoln, Stowe, and Nottingham.
Acres, 2,302,814. Pop. in IStil, 706,02t). Houses,
149,129. The archdeaconry of Lincoln comprises the
deaneries of Aveland-first, Aveland-second, Aswardhurn-
■»vith-Laflbrd-first, Aswanlhum-with-LaiFord-second, Bel-
tisloe-first, Beltisloe-second, Bolingbroke, Christianity,
Calcewaith- first, Calcewaith- second, Candleshoe- first,
Candleshoe- second, Gartree, Graffoo, Grantham -first,
Grantham-second, Grimsby-first, Grimsby-second, HiU-
first, HUl-second, North Holland-first, North Holland-
second, South Holland -first. South Holland-second,
Hornoastle, Longoboby, Loveden, Louthesk and Lud-
burgh-first, Louthesk and Ludburgh-second, Louthesk
and Ludburgh-third, Ness, Stamford, Walshcroft-tirst,
Walshcroft-second, Wraghoo, Yarborough-first, and Yar-
borough-seconiL The archdeaconry of Stow comprises
the deaneries of Aslacko, Axholme, Corringham, Law-
re.ss-first, Lawn.-ss-second, and JIanlake. The archilea-
conry of Nottingham comprises the deaneries of Notting-
ham-first, Nottingham-second, Nottingham-third, Bing-
hani-first, Bingham -.second, Bingham -tliird, Newark-
first, Newark - second, Retford - first, Retford - second,
Rotford-third, and Southwell. •
The d.^anery of Aveland-first contains the rectories of
Dembleby, Falkingham, Haceby, Newton, Pickworth,
Spunby, and AVilloughby-Scott, and the vicarages of
BiUingborough, Laughton, Horblijig, Osbouniby, Swa-
ton, Threckiugham, and Walcot. The deanory of Ave-
land-second contains the rectories of Dowsby, Dunsby,
Kii'kbj'-Underwood, and Rippingale; the vicarages of
Aslackby, Bourn, Haccoi.by, Mortnn, andSempringhaui;
and the chapelries of Stainfield and Burthorp. The
deanery of Ashwardhurn-with-LafFord-first contains the
rectories of Bloxholme, Brauncewell, Dunsby, Evedon,
North Leasinghaai, South Le.isingham, and Ruskington-
First; the vicarages of Ashby-do-la-Launde, Digby, An-
^vick, Cranwell, Dorrington, Ewerby, Rauceby, Rowston,
and Ruskingtou-Second ; and the p. curacy of South
Kyme. The deanery of Ashwardhurn-with-Lafford-
second contains the rectories of Aswarby, Axuisby,
Howell, Kirkby-la-Thorpe, Quarrington, and Silk-Wil-
loughby; and the vicarages of Burton-Pedwardine, Hale-
Magna, Heckington, Helpringham, A.sgarby, Screding-
ton. New Sleafurd, Old Sleaford, and Swarby. The
deanery of Beltisloe-fii-st contains the rectories of Bur-
ton-Coggles, Colstei-worth, lugold-sby, Iniham, Stainby,
Gunby, North and South Stoke, Swayfield, and Welby;
and the vicarages of Bassingthorpe-cum-Westby, Bitch-
field, Corby, Laviugton, and Skillington. The deanery
of Beltisloe-second contains the rectories of Bytham-
Parva, Careby, Carlby, Creeton, North Witham, and
South Witham; the vicarages of Bytham-Castle, Swine-
stead, and Witham-on-the-HUl; the chapelry of Holy-
well; and the donative of Edenham. The deanery of
Bolingbroke contains the rectories of Bolingbroke, Hare-
by, Mavis-Enderby, Halton-Holgate, East Keal, West
Keal, LiLsby, Miningsby, Raithby, Little Steeping, Stick-
ney, and To}'nton-St. Peter; the vicarages of East Kirk-
by, Stickford, and Thorpe-St. Peter; and the p. curacies of
New Bolingbroke, Hagnaby, Revesby, and Toynton-All
Saints. The deanery of Christianity contains the livings
in Lincoln city. The deanery of Calcewaith-first con-
tains the rectories of Beesby, Belleau-with-Aby, Gayton-
le-llarsh, Mablethorpe-St. Mary, Stane, Maltby-in-the-
Marsh, Muckton, South Reston, Swaby, Theddlethorpe-
St. Helen, 5IabItthorpe-St. Peter, South Thoresby,
Tothill, Trusthoqw, and AVithem ; the vicarages of
Calceby, Strnbby, Sutton-iu-the-Marsh, and Theddle-
thorpe-All-Saints ; and the p. curacies of Haugh and
Rigsby. The deanery of Calcewaith-second contains tho
rectoiies of Anderby, Cumberworth, Uloeby, Well, and
WiUoughby; the vicarages of Alford, Bilsbj% Farles-
thoi-pe, Hogsthorpe, Pluttoft, llumby, Saleby, and
Claxby; and the p. cui-acies of Hamiah-with-Hagnaby,
Jlarkby, Mumby-Chapel, Thurlby, and Fordington.
The deanery of Caiidleshoe-first contains the reotorics of
Asliby-by-Partney, Bratoft, Candlesby, Gunby, Orby,
Partney, and Scremby ; the vicarages of Burgh, Winthorj),
and Skendlebj' ; and the p. curacies of Irb3'-in-the-
Marsh and Welton-inthe-ilarsh. The deaneiy of Can-
dleshoe-second contains the rectories of Addlethorpe,
Firsby, Ingoldmells, Skegness, and Wainilcet-All-Saints;
the vicai'ages of Croft, Great Steeping, and Friskuey;
and the p. curacy of Wainfleet-St. Mary. The deanery
of Gartree contains the rectories of Gautby, Horsington,
Kirkby-on-Bain, Langton-by-Horncastle, Jlareham-le-
Fen, Martin, Moorby, Roughton, Haltham, TattershaU,
Thornton, and Waddingworth; the vicarages of Edling-
ton, Stixwold, Wi>pington, and Woodhall; the p. cu-
racies of Langton-.^r. Ajidiew and Thoniton-le-Fen ; anil
the donative of Kirkstead. The deanery of Grattbo
contains tho rectories of Bassingham, Boiiltham, Dod-
dington. South Hyckham, North Scarle, and Thorpe-on-
the-Hill; tho vicarages of Aubouni, Cai-lton-le-JIoorland,
Stapleford, Eagle, Norton-Disney, Skellingthorpe, and
Swinderby; and the p. curacies of North Hyckham and
Thurlby. The deunery of Cranthara-first contains tho
rectories of West AUington, Barkstone, Belton, Sedge-
brook, and Wilsford; the vicarages of Long Bennington,
Gonerby-Magna, Grantham, Ilaj-dor, and Syston; and
the p. curacies of Foston, Kelby, Manthorpe, Laudon-
thorpe. East AUington, and Spittlegate. The deanery of
Grantham-second contains the rectories of Barrowby,
Boothby-Pagnt'll, Denton, Ilarlaxton, Great Ponton,
Little Ponton, Rupsley, Sajjperton, Somerby, Stroxtoii,
and Woolsthorpe; the vicarage of Braceby; and the
chapelry of Humby.
The deanery of Grimsby-first contains the rectories of
Beel.sby, Cu.vwol" "~ ' "'
on-Humbe
Cu.\.woW, Hatclilfe, Hawerby, Healing, Irby-up-
ber, I-aoeby, Newton-lj-Wold, RothweU, Swal-
LINCOLN.
40
LINCOLN.
low, and Swinhope; tlie vicarages of Cabourn and East
Ravendale; and tho p. curacy of West Ravendale. The
deanery of Grimsby-second contains the rectories of Ash-
by-with-Fenby, BarnoUlbyde-Beck, Bradley, Brigsley,
Oreat Coates, North Coates, Grainsby, Scartho, and
Waltham; the vicarages of Clee, Little Coates, Great
■Jrimsby, Holton-le-Clay, Humberstone, and Tetney;
and the p. curacies of AUsby and Waithe. The deanery
of HiU-first contains the rectories of Belshford, Claxby-
Pluckacre, Fulletby, Greetham, Hameringhaiu, Scray-
.field. South Orrasby, Ketsby, Driby, Oxcomb, Euckland,
Fairforth, Salmonby, Somersby, Tetford, Low Toynton,
and Winceby; the vicarages of Ashby-Puerorum and
ilaidenwell; and the p. curacy of Scamblesby. The
deanery of HOl-second contains the rectories of Asward-
by, Bag-Enderby, Hag^vorthingham, Harrington, Lang-
ton-by-Partney,"Sau3thorpe, SpUsby, and Sutterby; the
vicarage of Hundleby; and the p. curacies of Asgarby
and Dalby. The deanery of North Holland-first contains
the rectories of Algarkirk and Wyberton; the vicarages
of Bicker, Donnington, Frampton, Gosberton, Kirton-in-
Holland, Sutterton, Swineshead, Wigtoft, and Quadring;
'the p. cm-acies of Chapel-Hill, Fosdyke, HoUand-Fen-
Chapel, and Surfleet; and the donative of Brothertoft.
The deanery of North Holland-second contains the rec-
tories of Bennington, Fishtoft, Leverton, and Skirbeck;
the vicarages of Boston, Frieston, Buttenvick, Leake,
■Sibsey, and "Wrangle; and the p. curacies of Boston-
Chapel, Canington, Eastville, Frithville, Langriville,
.Slidville, and Thornton-le-Fen. The deanery of South
Holland-first contains the vicarages of Deeping-St. James,
Moulton, Pinchbeck, Weston, and Whaplode; and the
.p. curacies of Cowbit, Crowland, Moulton-Chapel, West
Pinchbeck, and Spalding. The deanery of South Hol-
land-second contains the rectories of Fleet and Tydd-St.
Mary; the vicarages of Gedney, Holbeach, and Sutton-
St. Mary; and the p. curacies of Gedney-Hill, Drove-
End, Sutton, Sutton-St. Edmund, Sutton-St. James,
and Suttou-St. Matthew. The deanery of Homcastle
contains the rectories of Asterby, BucknaU, Donington-
on-Bain, Hemingby, Mareham, Scrivelsby, Dalderby,
Stennigot, and Thimbleby; the vicarages of Calkwell,
Goulceby, Horncastle, Minting, and Eanby; and the p.
curacies of West Ashby, Bamburgh, Enderby-Wood,
Mareham-on-the-Htll, High TojTiton, and Slarket-Stain-
ton. The deanery of Longoboby contains the rectories
of Blankney, Boothby-Graffoe, Branston, Navenby, Pot-
terhanworth, Skinnand, Waddington, Washingborough,
and Welbourn; the vicarages of Billinghay, Bracebridge,
Canwick, Coleby, Dunston, Harmston, Kirkby-Green,
Metheringham, Nocton, Scopwick, Timberland, and
Wellingore; and the chapelries of Walcot and Heighing-
ton. The deanery of Loveden contains the rectories of
Beckingham, Brant-Broughton, Carlton-Scroop, Cay-
thorpe, Claypole - North, Claypole - South, Fulbeck,
Hougham, Slarston, Long Ledenham, Normauton, Stub-
ton, and Westborough; the vicarages of Ancaster, Hon-
luugton, Hough-on-the-Hill, and Doddiiigton; the p.
ouraey of Stragglethorjie; and the chapelries of Fenton,
'Friston, and Brandon. The deanery of Louthesk and
Lndburgh-first contains the rectories of South Calce-
thorpe, Covenham - St. Bartholomew, Covenham - St.
Mary, Ludborough, North Thoresbury, Wyliam, and Yar-
borough; the vicarages of North EUcington, South Elk-
-ington, Fotherby, Fulstow, Little Giirasby, Keddington,
Selstem, Nun-Ormsby, and Utterby; and the chapelry
of Cadeby. The deanery of Louthesk and Ludburgh-
■ second contains the rectories of Carlton-Pari'a, Carlton-
Castle, Conisholme, Grinioldby, ilanby, ilarshchapel,
Saltfleetby-All Saints, Saltfleetby-St. Clement, Salt-
fleetby-St. Peter, and South Somercotes; the vicarages
of Carlton -Magna, Cockerington-St. Leonard, Skid-
brooke, and North Somercotes; and the p. curacies of
Alvingham, Cookerington-St. ilary, and Grainthoriie.
The deanery of Louthesk and Ludburgh-third contains
the rectories of Authorpe, Cawthorpe, Gayton-le-Wolds,
Discathorpe, Haugham, Eaithby, Louth, Stewton, Wel-
ton-le-Wold, and Withcall; the vicarages of H.-dlington,
North Keston, and Tath'.vell; and the p. curacies of Leg-
bourne, Louth-St. Michael, and Louth-Trinity. The _
deanery of Ness contains the rectories of Baston, Brace-
borough, JNIarket-Deeping, West Deeping, Gretford, and
Uftingtou; the vicarages of Barholme, Stowe, Langtoft,
Talliiigton, andThurlby; and the chapelr)- of Wilsthorpe.
The deanery of Stamford contains the livings in Stam-
ford borough. The deanery of Walshcroft-first contains
the rectories of Claxby, Norraauby, Croxby, South
Kelsey, Stainton-le-Hole, Thoreswax', Tliorganby, Thorn-
ton-le-Moors, and Walesby; the vicarages of Kingerby,
Kirkby, and Owersby; and the p. curacy of Usselby. The
deanery of Walshcroft-second contains the rectories of
Binbrook-St. JIary, Linwood, Newton, West Kasen, and
Toft; and the \-icarages of Binbrook-St. Gabriel, Market-
Easen, Rasen-Di'a.x, Easen-Tupholme, Tcalby, and North
WLUingham. The deanery of Wraghw contains the
rectories of East Barkwith, West Barkwith, Beuniworth,
Beskerthorpe, Hatton, Holton-with-Beckei-ing, Ludford-
Parva, Panton, Eand, Snelland, Sotby, East Torrington,
Wickenby, and South Willingham; the vicarages of
Bardney, Burgh -on -Bain, Hainton, Ivirmond-le-Mire,
Langton-by-Wragby,Legsbj', LissLngtou, Luflibrd-Magna,
Wragby, Sixhills, Stainton-by-Langworth, and West
Torrington; the p. curacies of Apley, BuUington, and
StaLnfield; and the donative of Goltho. The deanery of
Yarboro'Jgh-first contains the rectories of Croxton, South
Ferriby, and Saxby; the vicarages of Bametby-le-Wold,
Barrow-upon-Humber, Barton-upon-Humber-St. Mary,
Bonby, Elsham, Goxhill, Ease Halton-on-Hurnber,
Horkstow, Killingholme, Harburgh, Kinaington, Thorn-
ton-Curtis, Ulceby, Wootton, '\^■orlaby, and Wrawby;
and the p. curacies of Barton-upon-Huniber-St. Peter,
Melton-Ross, and Brigg. The deanery of Yarborongh-
second contains the rectories of Bigby, Brocklesby,
Nettleton, and Somerby; the vicarages of Cadney,
Grassby, Immingham, Keelby, North Kelsey, Great
Limber, Riby, Searby, Owmby, and Staliingborough;
and the chapelries of Clixby and Hoi ton.
The deanery of Aslacko contains the rectories of Bly-
borough, Cainb}', Fillingham, Cold Hamvorth, Oxvniby,
Firsby, and Spridlington; the ■.icarages of Cammering-
ham, Glentham, Glentworth, Ilackthorne, Ingham, Nor-
manby, Bishops-Norton, and Willoughton; the p. curacy
of Hemswell; and the donative of HarpswuU. The
deanery of Axholme contains the rectories of Althorpe,
Epworth, Luddington, Owston, and Wroot; the ■vdcar-
ages of Crowle and Haxey ; and the p. curacies of Amcotts,
Belton, and West Butterwick. The deanery of Corring-
ham contains the rectories of Grayinghani, Heaphara,
Lea, Northorpe, PDham, Scotter, Scotton, and Spring-
thorpe; the vicarages of Blj'ton, Corringham, Gaina-
borough, Kirton-in-Lindsey, and Laughton; and the p.
curacies of East Stockwith, Gainsborough-Trinity, AVils-
worth, Morton, and East Ferry. The deanery of Lawress-
first contains the rectories of Buslingthorpe, Falding-
■worth, Fiskerton, Friesthorpe, Snarford, Risehohne,
Sudbrook, and Willingham-Cherrj'; the vicarages of
Dunholme, Reepham, Scothome, and Welton; and the
p. curacies of Barlings, Greetwell, and Nettleham. The
de.anery of Lawress-second contains the rectories of Ais-
thorpe, Brattleby, Broxholme, Burton-by-Lincoln, Gale-
Burton, Kettlethorpc, and Scarapton; the vicarages of
Thorpe-le- Fallows, Coates, Marton, Newton-on-Trcnt,
Saxilby, Upton, and Willinghain-by-Stow;thep. curacies
of North Carlton, South Carlton, Stow, and Torksey; and
the donative of Knaith. The deanery of JIanlake con-
tains the rectories of Broughton, Flixborough, West
Halton, Manton, Waddingham, Whitton, and Wintering-
ham; the vicarages of Appleby, Alkborough, Burton-
on - Stother, Frodingham, Hilaldsto-.v, Messinghani,
Bottesford, Eedbourau, Eoxby, Risby, Scawby, and Win-
terton; and the p. curacies of Gunkouse and i~iuitterby.
The deaneiy of Nottingham-first contains the rectories
of Bilborough, Bulwell, Eastwood, Kir!:bv-in-Ash!iclJ,
Lindby, Nuthall, Trowel), Teversall, and Wollaton; tlie
vicarages of Basford, Beeston, Greasley, Mansfield, and
Selstone; and the j). curacies of Annesley, Awsworth,
New Basford, Brinsley, Hucknall-Torkard, Pap]ilewick,
Mansfield - St. John, Mansfield - Woodhouse, Skegby,
LINCOLNSHIRE.
41
LINCOLNSHIRE.
StapleforJ, Sutton-in-Ashfield, and Cossall. The deanery
of Nottingham-second contains the rectories of Colwick,
Epperstone, Gedliiig, Gonalstone, Lambley, andSwinton;
the \'icarage3 of Arnohl, Atteuborough, Burton-Joyce,
Lowdhnm, and Gunthoqie; and the p. curacies of Bram-
cote, Bulcote, Carrington, Hoveringham, and Thurgar-
ton. The deanery of Nottingham-third contains the
livings in Nottingham borough; the vicarages of Lenton
and Radford; and the p. curacies of Hj'son-Green, Kem-
berley, and Radford - Christchurch. The deanery of
Bingham -first contains the rectories of Broughton-
Sulney, Costock, Hickling, Key worth, Langar, Remp-
stone, and Staunton- on -the-Wolds; the vicarages of
Colston-Bassett, Kinoulton, Radcliffe - on - Soar, Wil-
loughby, and Wysall; and the p. curacies of Barnstone
and Owthorpe. The deanery of Bingham-second con-
tains the rectories of Bingham, East Bridgeford, Elton-
on-the-HUl, Hawksworth, Holme - Pierrepoint, and
Screveton; the vicarages of Carcolston, Bishop-Cropwell,
Flintham, Granby, Orston, Eadcliffe-on-Trcnt, and
Whatton; the p. curacies of Kneeton, Scarrington, Thor-
ston, and Shelford; and the donative of Tithby. The
deanery of Bingham-third contains the rectories of Bar-
ton-in-Fabis, West Bridgeford, Clifton, Cotgrave, Go-
tham, East Leake, West Leake, Normanton-oa-Soar,
Plum tree, Stanford - on - Soar, Sutton - Bonn ington - SL
Anne, Sutton-Bonnington-St. Michael, Tollertou, Wid-
merpool, and Wilford; the vicarages of Bradmore,
Bunny, and Ruddington; and the p. curacies of Edwalton,
Kingston-on-Soar, and Thrumpton. The deanery of
Newark-first contains the rectories cf South Collingham,
Cromwell, Elston, Fledborough, and Winthorpe; the
vicarages of Barnby-in-the- Willows, North Clifton, North
Collingham, Holme, Laxton, Marnham, Nonnanton,
South "Scarle, Sutton, Thomey, and Weston; and the p.
curacies of Coddington, Harby, Langford, Ossington,
Girton, and Besthorpe. The deanery of Newark-second
contains the rectories of Averhani, Hawton, Kelham,
Kilvington, Shelton, Staunton, and ThoiTie; the vicar-
ages cf Balderton, Newark, and East Stoke; the p.
curacies of Newark-Christchurch, Flawborough, Syerston,
and El-ton; and the donatives of Cotham and Sibthorpe.
The deanery of Retford-first contains the rectories of
Carlton-in-Lindrick, Clayworth, Finningley, Grove, Har-
■worth. West Retford, Saundby, and South AVheatlcy;
the vicarages of Beckingham, Blytii, Bole, Clarborough,
Everton, Gringley-on - tho-HiU, Hayton, Mattersea,
Misson, East Retford, North 'Wheatley, Sturton, Sutton-
«n-Lound, Scrooby, and Walkeringham; and the p.
curacies of Austerfield, Bawtry, West Burton, Clar-
borough-St. Saviour, Misterton, and West Stockwith.
The deanery of Rettord-second contains the rectories of
Eakring, Kirton, and Treswell; the vicarages of East
Dra}'ton, Dunham, Egmanton, Headon, Laneham, North
Leverton, South Leverton, East Markham, West Mark-
ham, Rampton, Tuxford, and Walesby; and the p. cu-
racies of Apesthorpe, Askham, Cottam, Darlton, West
Drayton, Ragnall, and Stokeham. The deanery of Ret-
ford-third contains the rectories of Babwurth, Elkesley,
Gamston, Onlsall, and Warsop; the vicarages of Norton-
Cuckney, Edwinstowe, Eaton, Kneesall, and Worksop;
and the p. curacies of Bothamsall, Carburton, Boughton,
<)llorton, Perlethorpe, Scofton, Shireoaks, and Wellow.
The deaner}' of Southwell contains the rectories of Bils-
thorpe, Hockerton, and Southwell; the vicarages of
Ble.asby, Blidworth, Calverton, Caunton, Farnsfield,
North Muskham, South Muskham, Norwel], Oxton,
Rollestone, and Upton; the p, curacies of Carlton-on-
Trent, Edin"lpy, Halam, Halloughton, Kirklington,
Maplebeck, Morton, Southwell - Trinity, and Wood-
horongh; and the donative of Winkbourno.
LiSCOrA'SHIRF;, or Lfncoln', a maritime county on
the E of England. It is bounded on the N and NE, by
the Huiiber, wliich separates it from Yorkshire; on the
E, by tlie Gorman oi-eati; on the SE, for about 3 miles,
by Norfolk; on tlic S, by Cambridgesbirc and Northamp-
tonshire; on the SW, by Rutlandshire; on the W, by
Leicestershire and Notts; and on the NW, by Yorkshire.
Its outline, in a general view, is oblong, with agreat curve
along the NE, an indentation by the Wasli on the SE,
and a considerable curve on the SW. Its leugth, from
N to S, is 73 miles; its greatest breadth is 48 miles; its
average breadth is about .37 miles; its circuit is about
260 miles; its area is 1,775,457 acres; and its magnitude,
as compared with the other counties of f2ngland, is tho
second, or less only than that of Yorkshire. About two-
fifths of the surface are fens; and the rest is a diversity
of swell and knoll and hill, with intersecting dale and
vale. The fens occupy the Isle of Axholme in 'iie NW,
the vale of Ancholme in the N, a broad belt oijtward to
the coast in the NE, and most of the country S ;nidSE of
Lincoln city; they are supposed to have, at alcompar-
atively recent geological period, been covered b3Jthe sea;
they are all level; and they were, within tin I human
epoch, and tUl reclaimed bj' art, all in a state o | marsh.
The Isle of A.\holme began to be reclaimed in llie time
of Edward I.; the fea of Deeping, in the S, a]|iears to
have been partly improved even before the Roi fan con-
quest; vast tracts were reclaimed, with great eiterprize
and great rapidity, immediately after the era of Tnodem
general georgical improvement; only a few pendiaes now
remain in a wild condition; and, from the comlined re-
sults of embanking, draining, and skOful manr^j
the quondam marshy wastes now exhibit exp!
fertility inferior to no other tracts in Englan i
drainage ducts consist of ditches, ramifying in
are called dykes; and the latter are large fos
canals, are very numerous, many of them very k4g, and
some of them navigable by barges. The other larts of
the county are chiefly wolds, but include what f p-merly
were called heaths; and they, at one time, wtle very
generally bleak and waste, but, like the fens, thnigh in
a different way, have been so reclaimed as to ixhibit
now an aspect of luxuriance. The aggregate a)ipi\rance
of the county, notwithstanding the prevalence o.llcvel
grounds, is very pleasing. The level tract^s themsYves,
indeed, are pleasing chiefly from the oriiature of cuAure;
but the other tracts have such inequality of surface, or
such diversitj- of hil! and dale, interspersed with wood
and lawn, as constitutes the be.autiful or even the
picturesque in natural scenery; and very numerous spots
throughout these trat'ts, or sometimes long reaches of
hill-shoulder or of tableau, command very exten.sive and
charming views. The coast-line, including that of the
Humber, is about 110 miles in length; and, excepting at
Clee-ness, near Grimsby, where there are high boldclitfs,
it is all low and flat. The foreshore, or space between
high and low water, is sometimes not less than two miles;
and it includes many banks, called chain-huts, which
consist of roots, tnmks, and branches of trees, inter-
mixed with frondnge of aquatic plants, and are alter-
nately covered and left bare by the tide. The sea, in
some parts of the coast, has made encroachment.^ on tho
land; and, in other parts, has retired. Vast tracts, even
from the time of the Romau occupation, have been re-
deemed from the sea by embankments.
The river Trent comes in from Notts near Newton-
upon-Trent; is soon joined by the Fossdyke navigation,
coming from the Witham at Lincoln city; traces the
boundary with Notts, past Torksey, Knaith, and Gains-
borough, to the vicinity of West Stockwith; goes thence
between the Isle of Axholme and the main body of the
county, to the Humber; is navigable, by great ship.s,
from Gain.sborough to the sea; and, together with the
Humber, opens inland navigation, by canal or river, to
almost every part of England. Tlie rivers of the county,
next in importance to the Trent, are the Welland, the
Witham, and the .Ancholme; and tho chief smaller rivers
are the Glen, the Steeping, the Bain, and the Ludd. —
The geological formations, for tho most part, extend in
parallel belts, nearly in the line of tho length of the
county, from S to N; and succeed one anotlier, in as-
rending order, from W to E. A narrow belt in the ex-
treme W, along the Trent, from Newton -upon-Trent to
jVlthorpe, consi.-ts of new red sandstone, or kcupar marl
and sandstone, and is continuous with a large tract of
the same formation along the E of Notts. A broad lx)lt,
occupying all the SW from the W boundary to the east-
LINCOLITSHIRE.
LINCOLXSniPvE.
ward of Grantliam and Hougham, and extending dne
northward, with gradually narrowing breadth, all the
way to the vicinity of the Huniber, consists of lias for-
mation, variously sand, upper lias clay, marlstoue, and
lower lias clay and lime. Another belt, immediately
E of the preceding, nearly as broad in tlie S, but very
much narrower in the middle and in the N, and extend-
ing from the boundary with Rutland due northward,
past Lincoln city to the vicinity of the Humber, consists
of lower oolitic formations, variously cornbrash, forest
marble, Bradford clay, Bath oolite, fullers' earth, and
inferior oolite. A fourth belt, immediately E of the
third, very narrow in the extreme S, widening gradually
to a considerable breadth about Sleaford, interrupted iu
the S vicinity of Lincoln city, suddenly expanding there
in a wing east-south-eastward to the vicinity of Spilsby,
proceeding northward from the city and from Wragby
with considerable but decreasing width, and extending
altogether from the vicinity of Greatford due northward
to the vicinity of the Humber, consists of middle oolitic
formations, variously coral rag, calcareous grit, and Ox-
ford clay. A fifth belt, generally a very narrow one,
running contiguously to the E side of the fourth, from
the vicinity of Spilsby north-north-westward to the vi-
cinity of the Humber, consists of upper oolitic forma-
tions, variously Portland limestone, Portland sand,
and Eommeridge clay. A sixth belt, of similar width
to the fifth, but less regularly wide, beginning in the
vicinity of Irby, and e.xtending north-north-westward,
past Spilsby and South \yillingam, to the vicinity of the
Humber, consists of lower green sand. A seventh belt,
of similar breadth to the sixth, contiguous to all of it on
the E, and extending from the vicinity of Irby north-
north-westward to the vicinity of the Humber, consists
of upper green sand and gault. An eighth belt, about
equal in breadth to aggregately the three preceding, and
extending from the neighbourhood of Burgh north-
north-westward to the vicinity of the Humber, around
Barton, consists of chalk. All the rest of the county,
comprising all its south-eastern portions between the
middle oolitic belt and the sea, all its north-eastern por-
tion between the chalk belt and the sea, a slice ol its
northern portion along the Humber, a narrow tract up
the course of the Ancholme river, and a fringe round the
Isle of Axholme, consists of alluvial deposits or of re-
claimed marsh. Gypsum is dug in the Isle of Axholme;
lime is calcined in the wolds; whiting is made from the
chalk near the Humber; freestone is quarried near An-
caster; and good oolitic bailding-stone is quarried near
Lincoln and in other places. Mineral springs are at
Denton, Bourn, and Gainsborough. The botany of the
county, particularly in aquatic plants, is rich. Wild
fowl used to be remarkably abundant, and used to be
captured, by decoys and othenvise, in vast numbers;
but, in consequence of the draining of the fens, they have
very greatly decreased; yet they are still numerous; and
they include swans, geese, ducks, widgeon, teal, ruifs,
reeves, shovellers, peewits, terns, grebes, spoonbills,
storks, cranes, herons, lapwings, rails, coots, moorhens,
godwits, kingfishers, and water-wagtails. Game-birds,
including pheasants, partiidges, and woodcocks, are on
the higher grounds. Rabbit-warrens used to abound in
the sands of the wolds, but have been broken up. Fresh-
water fish, though now having much less scojie of water
than before, are stLU plentiful, and include pike, perch,
carp, chub, roach, dace, tench, bream, barbel, rulf, and
eels. The climate of the low lands was formerly very
huraid and productive of ague, but, since the" reclama-
tion of the fens, has become comparativel}' dry and quite
salubrious. The climate of the higher grounds used
also to be considerably affected by miasmatic exhalations
from the marshes ; but is now noted for salubrity.
The soils vary considerably according to the geological
formations; may be found of ten or twelve different kinds
in a band across the county from Vi' to E; and can some-
times be traced in homogeneous belts, or in strips of each
one kind only, along the whole county from or near the S
boundary to "the vicinity of the Humber. A good sandy
loixm is common iu the heath division; a sandy loam
with chalk, or a flinty loam on clialk marl, aboimds, on
portions of the wolds; an argillaceous sand, merging
into rich loam, lies on other portions of the woldS; a
black loam, and a rich vegetable mould, both remark-
ably fertile, cover most of the Isle of Axholme; a woU-re-
claimed marine marsh, a rich brown loam, and a stiff
cold clay variously occupy the low tracts along the
Humber and between the N woltls and the sea ; a peat-
earth, a deep sandy loam, and a rich soapy blue clay occupy
most of the eastern and the southern fens; and an arti-
ficial soU, obtained by the process of "warping," occu-
pies considerable low strips of land along the tidal
reaches of the rivers. The state of agriculture has lon_^
been celebrated. Some estates are large, but most aro
small. The land, except in the low tracts, is chietiy
freehold. Many farms comprise from 400 to 500 acres,
and are held and worked by their own proprietors; but
most of the farms are small, and are held on leases of 7
or 14 years. The fanners are noted for intelligence; and
their labourers, in general, are comparatively comfort-
able. The arable land forms but a small proportion of
the entire area, yet includes much of the reclaimed marsh
and fen; and it is remarkable for its productiveness in
wheat and beans. Some of the fen-land, on being sub-
jected to the plough, has yielded ten successive crops of
corn, without any intervening fallow or green crop. Bone-
dust, fish, and rape-seed have been much used as man-
ure. The grazing lands are aggi-egately of great extent,
and have long been noted for their singular excellence.
The richest of them are near the towns and villages; ex-
cellent ones, primely adapted for feeding sheep and fat-
tening cattle and horses, and grazing so smoothly as to
present to the eye the verdure of a bowling-green, are iu
pai-ts of the fens; and others, varying from very rich,
and eminently suited for the feeding of stock, to a mid-
dling quality fit only for inferior purposes, are in other
pails of the fens. The artificial grasses, with various
species of trefoil and other herbage, are much cultivated.
The principal crops on the arable lands are wheat, oats,
barley, hen)p, woad, rape, cabbages, turnips, and sain-
foin; but they are cultivated variously according to soil
or situation, and are not raised in any genei-illy recog-
nised rotation. Wheat yields 3.^ quarters, barley 44 ;
but neither, for tlie most part, is of prime quality. Oats
average 6^ quarters, and are of excellent quality. Beans
yield 3^ quarters. Sainfoin yields a plentiful crop, last-
ing from 9 to 14 years. Onions are raised, to a great
extent, in the Isle of Axholme; and, tmder favourable
circumstances, give a return of £50 per acre. Large
quantities of oil-cake are imported for stall - feeding.
The short-homed Lincolnshire breed of cattle, and the
long-horned Leicestershire breed, are raised and fed to
great advantage, chiefly for the butcher. The dairy,
except in the vicitiity of the larmier towns, receives little
attention. The sheep are chietiy of the large Lincoln-
shire and large Leicestershire breeiis; they amount, iu
the fens, to nearly two millions; and they j-ield from 6 to
9 lbs. of wool per fleece. The horses, for both the saddle
and the yoke, are remarkably fine; and are chiefly sol I
in the markets of Yorkshire. Hogs are numerous, and
have been improved. Geese used to be bred in vast
numbers, chiefly for sake of their feathers; but, concur-
rently with the' draining of the feus, they have dimin-
ished or disappeared
The manufactures are few and comparatively small;
and comprise principally sack-wea^dug, wooUen-work-
ing, rope-making, leather-working, and ship-building.
The commerce was so small prior to 1841 as not to have
had a custom-house till then; continued to be compara-
tively small till about 1S60, bat was then rising; has its
chief seats at Gainsborough, Great Grimsby, and Boston ;
and may be said to share iu the commerce of Hall and
Goole. Steamers ply along the shores, both up the
Humber and on the route from Hull to London ; sea-
borne steamers, to various Continental ports, ply from
Great Grimsby; steamers ply across the Humber, and
down from Gainst'O rough, to Hull; steamers run inland
from the Huml)er nud from Boston; few parts in thu
county are 5 miles distant from a navigation, eiihur
LINCOLNSHIRE.
43
LIXCOLNSHIUE.
niaritimo or inland; and no part, except a portion of
West Lindsey, is without access to tlie general system of
navig-atiou throughout England. One main line of rail-
way, connected with the Great Northern system, and
coming in from Peterborough, traverses all the E side of
the county, by way of Spalding, Boston, Alford, and
Louth, to Great Grimsby; a branch from this, in pro-
gress of formation in 1866, strikes off at Spalding, and
goes south-e;istvvard toward ilarch; another and older
branch strikes off also at Spalding, and goes ea3t\vard,
past Holbeach and Sutton-St. Mary, toward Lynn; a
main Une part of the trunk of the Great Northern, coming
in at Tallington, goes along the SW border, past Little
Bytham, Great Ponton, Grantham, Hougham, and Clay-
pole, toward Newark; three lines converge, in the ex-
treme SW, at Stamford, — and one of these goes north-
eastwanl, across the Great Northern trunk, to Bourn; a
short branch, in progress of formation in 1866, and con-
tinuous \vith the Spaldingand March branch, goes eastward
from Bourn to Spalding ; a line, also in progress of for-
mation in 1866, goes northward from Bourn, past Slea-
ford to Lincoln city; a short line goes from the Great
Northern, in the neighbourhood of Little Bytham, north-
eastward to Edenham ; a line, in progress of formation in
1866, goes to Edenham curvingly northward, past Hon-
ington, and thence pretty near the line of Ermine-street,
to Lincoln city; a line goes from the East Lincoln line
at Boston westward, past Sleaford, to the Great Northern
between Grantham and Hougham; a line goes from the
Great Northern at Grantham westward, past Sedgebrook,
toward Bingham and Nottingham; another ILae goes
from the East Lincoln at Boston, north-westward, past
Langrick, Tattershall and Bardney, to Lincoln city; a
branch strikes off from this at Kirkstead, and goes north-
eastward to Horncastle; a line goes from Lincoln cit)'
south-westward, not far from the route of the Fosse way
toward Newark ; another lino goes from Lincoln city
north-westward, nearly in the course of the Fossdyke, to
u point beyond Saxelby, and forks there into two lines,
— the one, past Torksey, toward Retford, — the other
past Gate-Burton and Lea, to Gainsborough; a line,
continuous with the preceding, goes from Gainsborough,
curvingly east-north-eastward, past Blyton, Kirton-in-
Lindsey, Glanford-Bri^, Ulceby, and Stallingborough,
to Great Grimsby; a line goes from Lincoln city, iiorth-
eastwani and northward, past Reepliam, Stainton, Wick-
enby, Market-Piasen, Usselby, and North Kelsey, into
junction with the preceding near Barnetby-lo-Wold ; a
branch, in progress of formation in 1866, strikes off at
Barnetby, and goes west-north-westward to the Trent at
Keadby; a line goes from Keadby westward, past Crowle,
toward a grand junction of railways at Doncaster; a line,
in junction with that from Gainsborough to Great
Grimsby, and forming a sort of trunk for all the north-
ward lines of the county, goes from Ulceby, north-by-west-
ward, to the Humber at New Holland; and a branch
goes from New Holland, west-snuth-westward, up the
Humber to Barton. The aggregate of paved streets and
turnpike roads, within the county, is about 520 mUes;
and that of other highways for wheeled carriages, about
4,000 miles.
Lincolnshire contains 620 parishes, part of another
parish, and 43 extra-parochial places. It is di'dded into
the Parts of Holland, containing the wapentakes of Elloe,
Kirton, and Skirbeck; the Parts of Kesteven, containing
the wapentakes of Aswardhurn, Avelaud, Beltisloe,
Bocthby-Graffo, Flaxwell, Langoe, Lovedeu, Ness, and
Winnibriggs and Threo ; the Parts of Lindsey, contain-
ing th'i wapentakes of Aslacoe in two divisions, Boling-
bnikc in two div., Bradley-Haverstoe, Calceworth in two
div., C.iniUcshoe in two div., Corringhani, Uartree in two
div., Hill, Ilorncabtlo, Lawi-ess, Louth-Eske in two div.,
Ludbornugh, Manley in three div., Walshcroft in two
div.. Well, Wruggoe in two div., and Yarborough in
thrre div. ; and tlic boroughs of Boston, Gninthaui,
Great Grimsb}', Lincoln, Louth, and part of St.amfcnd.
It is divided again, for parliamentary representation,
into North and iSouth, the former consisting of the Parts
of Lind.sey, the latter of the Pai-ts of Kesteven and tho
Parts of Holland; and the place of election for the North
is Lincoln, and that for the South is Sleaford. Each of
the two divisions sends two members to parliament; the
boroughs of Boston, Grantham, Lincoln, and Stamford
also each send two; and the borough of Great Grimsby
sends one. The registi-ation county "ives olf twenty-six
jiarishes and two extra-parochiid jilaces to Notts, six
parishes to Yorkshire, and one jjansh to Northampton-
shire; takes in six paiishes from Notts, eight parishes and
a chapelry from Eutlamlshire, five parishes, part of an-
other parish, and an extra-parochial place from Leicester-
shire, one parish from H'intingdonshire, and ten parishes
from Northamptonshire; comprises 1,739,312 acres; and
is divided into the districts of Stamford, Bourn, Spalding,
Holbeach, Boston, Sleaford, Grantham, Lincobi, Horn-
castle, SpUsby, Louth, Caistor, GlanfordBrigg, and
Gainsborough. The towns, additional to the boroughs,
with eachupwardsof 2,000 inhabitants, are Alford, Barton-
upon-Humber, Bourn, Brigg, Crowland, Crowle, Gains-
borough, Holbeach, Horncastle, JIarket-Rasen, Sleaford,
and Spalding; and there are altogether 30 market-towns,
and upwards of 910 smaller towns, villages, and hamlets.
The chief seats are Eedboume House, Belvoir Castle,
Belton House, Brocklesby Hall, Uffington HaU, Haver-
holme Priory, Nocton Park, Grtmsthorpe Castle, Burgh-
ley House, Burton Hall, Little Grimsby Hall, Manby
Hall, Riseholme Palace, Aswarby Hall, Burgh Hall,
Casewick Hall, Denton Hall, Easton Hall, Lea Hall,
Nomianby Hall, Norton Place, Scawby Hall, Scrivelsbv
Court, Skendleby Hall, Somerby Hall, Syston Hall",
Thurlby Hall, Abbey-park House, Addlethorpe House,
Allington Hall, Appleby Hall, Aubourn Hall, Barrow
Hall, Bayon's Manor, Bay Hall, Beckinghara Hall,
Bilsby Hall, Bknkney Hall, Bloxholm Hall, Boothby
Hall, Bottesford !Moor, Boultham Hall, Bourn Abbey,
Branston Hall, Brattleby Hall, Brothertoft Hall, Bulhy
House, Burwell Park, Cadwell HaU, Caenby Hall, Can-
dlesby House, Can\rick, Cawkwell House, Cawood Hall,
Caythoipe Hall, Claythorpe Hall, Cleatham Hall, Coleby
Hall, Cressy Hall, Cnlverthori)e Hall, Dalby Hall, Dod"-
ilington Hall, Driby Grange, the Elms, Elsham Hall,
Ferriby Hall, Frampton Hall, Fulbeck HaU, Fulney
HaU, Gate-Burton Hal!, Gautby Hall, Girsby Hall,
Grainsbv Hall, Grotford HaU, Gunbv Park, Hackthorn
HaU, Hiignaby Priory, Hainton Hall, Hallgarth, Han-
thoi-pe House, Harlaxtou HaU, Hannston Hall, Harring-
ton Hidl, Hawerby House, Healing Hmrse, High HaU,
HUl House, Hirst Prior)-, Holbeck Lodge, Holj-well
HaU, Irnham HaU, Kenwick House, Kettleby Park,
KUlingholme JLanor, Kingerby House, Langton Grange,
Maidenwell, Marshbank, Moortown HaU, Nettleham
HaU, New HaU, Nen-ton House, North Carlton HaU,
Northorpe Hall, Omisbv Hall, Osbournby Hall, Park
House, Partney Hall, Raithby Hall, Rauceby Hall,
Revesby Abbey, Riby Hall, Rock House, Saltfleetby
House, Scrafield House, Scremby Hall, Skellingtliorpe
HaU, Skendleby Lodge, Skendleby Thorpe, South Elk-
ington HaU, Southfield House, Stoke-Rochford HaU,
Stourton Hall, Stubton, Swinethorpe HaU, Swinliop
House, the Sycamores, TathweU HaU, Thonock HaU,
Thorganby Hall, Thorpe HaU, Toft Grange, Tothby
House, UphaU, Utterbv House, Wainfleet Hull, Wnlcnt
HaU, Walmsgate Hall,'Wcll HaU, WeUvale, WeUiugora
HaU, West Willoughby Hall, AVitham Hall, and Wood-
thorpe HaU.
The county is governed by a lord lieutenant, about
110 deputy lieutenants, anil about 500 magistrates; and
is in the Home military district, tho Midland judiciary
circuit, and the diucpso of Lincoln. The assizes are held
at Lincoln ; and the quarter ses.sions for the Parts of
Lindsey, at Kirton and Spilsby, — for the Parts of Kes-
teven, at Bourn and Sleaford, — for the Parts of Holland,
at Boston and Spalding. The county jail and a city jail
are at Lincoln; county houses of corvertiou are at Louth,
Spilsljy, Kirton, Falkingliam, and Spalding; and borougli
jails are at Grantham and Stamfiuil. The poUce force.
in 1864, compris<^d 21 men for Lincoln city, ,il an annual
cost of £1,680; 6 for Louth, at a cost of £511; 10 for
Crimsl)y, at a co.it of £076; 145 for the rest of the P;U'Ls
LINCOLNSHIRE.
U
LIKDFIELD.
of Lir.Jsey, at a cost of £10,977; 10 for Stamford, at a
cost of £756; 5 for Grantham, at a cost of £331; 65 for
the rest of the Parts of Kesteven, at a cost of £i,912; 15
for Boston, at a cost of £1,103; and 50 for the rest of the
Parts of Holland, at a cost of £3,743. The crimes com-
mitted duriiig the j-ear ending 29 Sept., 1864, were 23
ia Lincoln city, 20 in Louth, 41 in Grimsby, 263 in the
rest of the Parts of Lindsey, 15 in Stamford, 27 in Gran-
tham, 95 in the rest of the parts of Kesteven, 43 in
Boston, and 101 in the rest of the Parts of Holland; the
persons apprehended were 19 in Lincoln city, 17 in
Louth, 42 in Grimsby, 227 in the rest of the Parts of
Lindsey, 14 in Stamford, 21 in Grantham, 75 in the rest
of the Parts of Kesteven, 31 in Boston, and 87 in the
rest of the Parts of Holland; the depredators and sus-
pected persons at large were 99 in Lincoln city, 87 in
Louth, ISO in Grimsby, 1,305 in the rest of the Parts of
Lindsey, 63 in Stamford, 28 in Grantham, 3SS in the
rest of tlje Parts of Kesteven, 117 in Boston, and 456 in
the rest of the Parts of Holland; and the houses of bad
character were 34 in Lincoln cit}', 26 in Louth, 45 ia
Grimsby, 224 in the rest of the Parts of Lindsey, 17 in
Stamford, 13 in Grantham, 37 in the rest of the Parts
of Kesteven, 68 in Boston, and 80 in the rest of the
Parts of Holland. The electors of members of parliament
for the county, in 1865, were, in the Parts of Lindsev,
12,372, — of whom 8,807 were freeholders, 591 copy-
liolders, and 2,801 occupying tenants ; in the Parts of
Kesteven, 4,504, — of whom 2,605 were freeholders, 324
copyholders, and 1,527 occupying tenants; in the Parts
of Holland, 4,756, — of whom 3,457 were freeholders,
250 copyholders, and 1,038 occupying tenants. Poor-
rates of the registration county, in 1863, £197,304.
Marriages in 1863, 2,857, — of which 644 were not ac-
cording to the rites of the Church of England; births,
13,821,— of which 1,233 were illegitimate; deaths, 8,112,
— of which 2,987 were at ages under 5 years, and 276 at
ages above 85. Marriages in the ten years 1851-60,
29,562; births, 131,583; deaths, 78,292. The places of
woi-ship within the electoral county, in 1851, were 657
of the Church of England, with 142,844 sittings; 38 of
Independents, with 11,508 s. ; 22 of Particular Baptists,
Avith 4,786 s. ; 3 of General Baptists, with 316 s.; 31 of
New Connexion General Baptists, with 7,948 s. ; 6 of
undefined Baptists, with 670 s. ; 9 of Quakers, with
1,365 s. ; 1 of Lady Huntingdon's Connexion, with 260
s.; 462 of Wesleyau ilethodists, with 78,862 s.; 6 of
New Connexion Methodists, with 1,791 s. ; 221 of
Primitive Methodists, with 25,164 s. ; 14 of Wesleyan
Reformers, with 2,466 s. ; 5 of Unitarians, with 773
s. ; 8 of isolated congregations, 'Nvith 398 s. ; 5 of
Latter Day Saints, with 196 s. ; and 13 of Roman
Catholics, with 2,019 s. The schools were 457 public
Jay schools, with 32,267 scholai-s; 963 private day
.schools, with 19,896 s. ; 830 Sunday schools, with
57,120 s. ; and 18 evening schools for adults, with 224
s. Real property in 1815, £2,096,611; in 1845,
£2,868,339; in 1860, £3,220,565,— of which £1,141
were in quarries, £1,874 in canals, £240 in railways, and
£10,399 in gas-works. Pop. in ISOl, 208,625; in 1821,
283,058; in 1841, 362,602; in 1831, 412,246. Inhabited
houses, 86,626; uninhabited, 4,289; building, 530.
The territory now forming Lincolnshire was probably
iirst settled by the Iberians, afterwards by the Welsh;
passed into the possession of a Belgian tribe; and, at the
lauding of the Romans, was inhabited chiefly by the
Coritani, who arc said to have beeu a branch of the
Iceni. The Romans conquered it in the year 70; and
they ];aised embankments, cut dykes or canals, made
roads, and built towns. The tribes afterwards called
English, including Saxons, Jutes, Frisians, AVarrngs,
Danes, Bructuars, Burgundian.s, awl Vandals, made in-
roads and acquired mastery in the 6th century ; they
formed a number of comiiionwcalths, three of the chief
of which were those of Lindse}-, Gainsborough, and the
GjTvians ; and they gave rise to the families of Gaining,
Homing, Horsing, Epping, Uffing, -Folking, Harring,
Hacking, Hedding, Billing, Ailing, Willing, Newing,
Craning, Luddiug, and others which struck root in the
region. The kings of Northumbria and of Mercia con-
tended for the territory; were titfuUy masters of mucii
of it; and seem to have .sometimes called it Southuin-
bria. It at last went into annexation with Mercia; but
it was conquered, in the latter part of the 9tli century,
by the Scandinavian Danes; it formed part of their
Danelagh, till they were expelled by Edward the Elder;
and it took so deep and wide an impression from them,
that their word " by," signifjing a town, terminates the
present names of no fewer than 195 of its townships, or
about one-third of all such names in England. The
county figures frequently in subsequent historj-, especi-
ally in that of the times of .lohn and Charles I. ; was tho
scene of the decisive battle which seated Henry III.,
while yet a boy, on the throne; and witnessed, particu-
larly about Lincoln city, some important events in the
ware between Charles I. and his parliament.
Ancient British remains, including camps, tumuli,
canoes, and minor objects, in considerable number, either
exist or have been found. Roman towns were at Lin-
coln, Alkborough, Ancaster, Brant- Broughton, Tatters-
hall, Horncastle, K irton- in - Lindsey, Winteringham,
Broughton, and \Yilloughby; other Roman settlements
were at Gainsborough, Yarbcrough, Ludborough, Billing-
borough, Flixborough, Stallingborough, Blyborough,
Brackenborough, Braceborough, Waslingborough, Ha-
brongh, Bumourgh, Caistor, Honingston, and South
Ormsby; and vestiges of the Roman works, in a variety
of forms, still exist in a number of these places. The
Roman roads Ennine-street, Fosse-way, and Salt-way,
traverse the county; and Roman cuttings for drainage
are represented by the extant Fossdyke and Cardyke.
Remains of mediaeval castles are at Lincoln, Torksey,
iloor- Tower, Tattershall, and Somerton. Abbey ruins
are at Bardney, Barlings, Croyland, Kirkstead, Louth,
and Tupholm. Old priories, or remains of them, are at
Bullington, Burwell, Croxhill, Sempringham, Stamford,
and Thornton. Preceptories of the Ivnights Templars
were at Aslackby and Temple-Bruer. A remarkublo
hospital wa.s at Spittal; and a college at Tattershall.
Numerous old churches, of interesting character, are in
most pails of the county, particularly in the fens; and
the best of them are the cathedral at Lincoln, the
churches at Boston, Clee, Grantham, Gelney, Louth,
Great Ponton, Stamford, Heckington, and Stow.
LINCOLNSHIRE RAILWAY (E.\st), a railway in
the east of Lincoln.sliire; from a junction with the Great
Northern loop at Boston, northward to a junction with
the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire at Great
Grimsby. It is 48 miles long; was authorized in 1846,
and opened in 1S4S; and was leased in perpetuity, in 1849,
to the Great Northern.
LINCOLNS-INN, an extra-parochial township in
Holborn district, Middlesex. Pop., 47. Houses, 8.
See Giles (St.)-ix-the-Field3.
LINCOMB, a hamlet in Hartlebury parish, Worcester;
near the river Severn, 1 mile SW of Hartlebury tillage.
LINDALE, a chapelry, with a liamlet, in Upper
Allithwaite tovvnship, Cartmel parish, Lancashire; on
the W side of the estuary of the Kent, adjacent to the
Ulverston and Lancaster railway, 3 miles ENE of Cart-
mel. It has a station on the railway, and a post-office
under Newton-in-Cartmel. Tlxe acreage and pop. are
returned with the township. Castle-Head, the scat of
E. Mucklow, Esq., is the chief residence. The living is
a p. curacy in the diocese of Carlisle. Vahie, £71.*
Patron, the Duke of Devonshire. The church was re-
built in 1S28; consists of nave aud chancel, with a small
tower; and contains 300 sittings. There is a national
school.
LINDEBY. See LrxnY.
JJNDERICK. See LiXDRlCK.
LINDESSIG. See Lindsey.
LINDETH, a hamlet in Warton parish, Lancashire;
4.^ miles NW of Carnf.irth.
LINDFIELD, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Cuckfield district, Sussex. The village stands on a
hill, adjacent to the river Ouse, 1.^ mile NE of Ilaywards-
Heath r. station, and 3,^ ENE of Cuckfield; is surrounded
LIXDHOLM.
LINDSEY.
bv a I'i^hly j^ictureiquo country; consiots cluelly of one
wiJe .-ir'ie:, coatainin^ several well-built bouses; and h;u>
a j-...it-ollici?,C under CuckfieM, three good Lnns, gas-
workis a fair tor sheep on 1 April, and a fair for lambs
andoattleon 5 August. — The parish contains also Soaynes-
Hill. Scrace-nril;;e, Townbland, Walsted, Luiit, Buxs-
lidlLs Beadle-HiU, Gravelys, and Wickham. Acres,
o,77o. Real projierty, £6,060. Pop. in 1351, 1,814;
in 1:^1, 1,917. Houses, 361. ^lanor House is the seat
C. Sharood; lindtield House, of R. Caudle, Esq. ; "W^alsted
Ho-a=^. of T. E. Ua\-is, Esq. ; Gravely House, of .J. R. Brown,
Esq.: Hollybink, of J. H. BaU, Esq. ; Oat Hall, of G. F.
Bent. Esq. ; and there are some verj-handsome villa,s. Ken-
wapLs was once the seat of the Challonors; Lunt was the
seat of the Hamlyns; East JIascalls was the .seat of the
Xew^ons; and all three are now farmdiouses. Pa.'chill is
a recently restored Tudor mansion, the seat of P. iS.
Laurie, Esq. Lindfield Common, noted for growth of
camoLiile, and called Camomile Common, is at the S
of thi village. Piano-forte-making employs many hands
in a large estiblishment; and the making of bricks and
tiles is carried on. The living is a p. curacy in. the dio-
cese cf Chichester. Value, not reported. Patron, W.
il. KeanLS, Esq. The church is chiefly later English;
has a tower which possibly is early English; comprises
nave, aisles, transepts, and chancel; and contains a
carvci stone font, and monuments of the Board, Covert,
Brett, and Crawfurd family. A church was anciently at
S-aynes-Hill; and a suite of schools there, built in 1859,
is us^i as a chapel of ease. There are an Independent
chapel, with 500 sittings; a Baptist chapel, at Scajmes-
Uill; a church school, a neat edifice in the pointed style,
at the N end of the village; and extensive British schools,
built in 1825, by the phUaathropic AVilliam Allen for
giving instmction, not only in the ordinary branches of
education, bat also in gardening, agriculture, cloth-
makir^, and other industrial arts. The sub-district
rn.ifn'r.^ also three other parishes. Acres, 18,633. Pop.,
4/213. Houses, 788.
LIXDHOLM, a farm on Hatficld-moor, W. R. York-
Bhire: near the river Idle, 4| miles S of Thorne. The
herrairage of William of Lindholm was here.
LINDEltTRST, an extra-parochial tract in Mansfield
distriit, Notts; 2 miles XW of Blidworth. Pop., 11.
Hoas>:s, 2.
LIXDISFARXE. See Holy I.slaxd, Northumber-
land.
LINDLEY, a hamlet, formerly a chapelry, in Higham-
on-the-Hill parish, Leicester; near Watling-street, 3\
miles WNW of Hinckley. Pop., 76. Lindley Hall was
formerly the seat of Hardwick, who guided the Earl of
R;ch'j:ond to Bosworth field; was also the residence ofW.
Burton, the county historian, and of his brother Robert,
the acthor of the " Anatom)' of Melancholy;" and is
now the seat of Vincent Eyre, Esq. The quondam
chapel Ls now a cow-house.
LINDLEY, a to\ni.5hip in Otley parish, W. R. York-
yhire; on the river AVashbum, near the river "Wharfe, 3
miles NNE of Otley. Acres, 1,499. Pop., 108. Houses,
13. The manor belongs to ¥. H. Fawkcs, Esq.
LINDLEY, a vilhge, a township, and a chapelry in
Hjdd.rsfield parish, W. K. Yorkshire. The village
stari'is on high ground, 2^ miles NW by AV of Hudders-
field; oornniands a good view over tliat town and its
neiirhbourhorr!; and has a post-ofhce+ under Hudders-
lield, a penny savings' bank, a church institute and
reauir.g- room, and a commodious mechanics' hall,
erectci in 1349, and including a library and reading-
room. — The to.vnship contains also Birclun-Clitfe, and
five or'aer hamlets; and is sometimes called Lindley-
cum-'^J'ia-mby. Acres, 2,210. Real property, .€11,319;
of v.hioh £-!''iO are in mines. Pop. in 1851, 3,684;
in liol, 4,259. Houses, 876. Tlie increase of pop.
aro-se from tlie opening of several new mills. JIany
5'K)d v!lL-i.-s, forming a suburb to Huddersfield, have ve-
c*n*.lr i>eeu erected. A local board of health was estab-
li-ihed in 1?00; and other iinpiovements wen; made in
subs/ri:;;ent years, and were in progress in 1866. Ex-
ten-sive industry is carried on in the manufacture of olaiu
and fancy woollens, of moliair and seal-skin cloths, and
of wooUen and cotton cards for manufacturing uses, and
in woollen scribbling and j-arn spinning. Coal is largely
worked. — The chapelry was constituted in 1812, and is
conterminate with the township. The living is a p.
curacv in the diocese of Ripon. Value, £200.* Patron,
the Vicar of Huddersfield. The church is a neat stone
edifice, in the pointed style; has a tower; and cont;uns
about 700 sittings. Tliere are chajjcls for Wesleyans,
New Connexion Methodists, and United Free Methodist.i
at Lindley; and a chapel for Baptists at Salendine-Nook.
There are also an endowed school and national schools;
and the latter were built in 1865, at a cost of £1,250.
LINDLEY, Herts. See Lilley.
LINDLEY (Old), a hamlet in Stainland to\vuship,
Halifax pari.sh, W. R. Yorkshire; 3 miles S of Halifax.
LIN DONS (Lower and Uppf.v.), two constablewicks
in Rock parish, "Worcester; 5.^ miles SW of Bewdley.
LINDRETH, a hamlet in Un.lermillbeck township,
"Windermere parish, Westmoreland; near Bowness.
LINDRICK, a town.ship in Ripon parish, "W. E. York-
shire; contiguous to Studley Park, 2 j miles W by S of
Ripon. Acres, 820. Pop., 17. The name Liudrick
was formerly WTitten Linerigg; and is thought to desig-
nate a ridge of land running through the township, and
popularly called Roman-Rigg. A massive ancient gold
ring was found, near this ridge, about 1820; and con-
siderable traces of an ancient village are in a field called
Yattsgarth.
LINDRICK, a hamlet in Tickhill township and parish,
W. R. Yorksliire; near Tickhi'.I.
LINDRICK, Notts. See Carlton, "Worksop.
LINDRIDGE, a village in Tenbury district, and a
parish partly also in Martley district, AVorcester. The
village stands on the river Teme, near the Newnham
station of the Tenbury and Bewdley raihva)', and near
the boundary with Salop, 5| miles E by N of Tenbury;
and has a post-otfice under Tenbury. — The parish con-
tains also the handet of Newnham, and the chapelries
of Knighton -upon -Teme and Pensa.x. Acres, 6,252.
Real property, £11,170; of which £270 are in mines.
Pop., 1,760. Houses, 375. The property is subdivided.
Eardiston House is the property of George Wallace, Esq.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Hereford. Value,
£450.* Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Worcester.
The church was rebuilt, on the site of the previous church,
and on a larger scale. La 1861; and is in the early ile-
corated English style, of local stone, lined internally
with Bath stone. The p. curacies of Knighton-upou-
Teme and Pensax are separate benefices. There is a
Wesleyan chapel at Frith Common. There is also a
parochial school.
LINDRIDGE, an old mansion in the SE of Devon; 3J
miles SE of Chudleigh. It was formerly the seat of the
Iklartyns, the Lears, and others; and it is surrounded
with fine plantations.
LINDSELL, a village and a parish in Dunmow dis-
trict, Essex. The village stands on a small affluent of
the river Chelmer, 3i miles SE of Thaxted, and 5 NNE
of Dunmow r. station. — The parish contains also the
hamlets of ILolders-Greeu and Bustard-Groen; and its
post-town is Stebbing, under Chelmsford. Acres, 1,959.
Real property, £2,710. Pop., 335. Houses, 81. The
property is much subdivided. The manor of LLndsell
Hall belonged, before the Conquest, to Ulmar; was
given, by the Comiueror, to Eudo Dapifer; and jiassed
to the Pirots, the Tibetots, the Wentworths, the Norths,
and others. Lindsell Hall is the residence of Stephen
Alger, Esq. Priors Hall belongcil once to the priory
of St. Valery, in I'icardy. The living is a vicarage in tli.;
diocese of Rochester. "Value, £204. Patron, B. Alg'-r,
Esq. The church belonged anciently to Waldeu abbey;
ami consists of nave and chancel, with a tower.
LINDSEY, u parish, with a. village, in Cosford dis-
trict, Sutlblk; on- an affluent of the river Brett, 4} miles
NW by W of Hadleigh r. station. Post-town, Kersey,
>inder Ipswich. Acres, 1,216. Real property, £2,017.
Pop., 31C. Houses, CS. The property is nnich sub-
difided. The mauur belongs to James Sparke, Esq.
LTXDSEY (Parts of).
46
LIXGFIELD
Liudsey Hall is now a farm - house. Eavens Hall,
formerly the seat of the Ilobart family, is now a farm-
house. The manufacture of linsey-woolsey took its rise
in this parish. Traces of an ancient camp, and ruins of
an ancient chapel, are at Chapel farm. The liring is a
p. curacy in the dioccse of Ely. Value, £110. Patron,
King's College, Cambridge. The church is Norman.
L'INDSEY (Parts of), the N and NE -division of
Lincolnshire. It is separated from the S and SE divi-
sion mostly by the river Witham; but it projects beyond
that river, along the right bank of the Brant, to Wad-
tlington, and has an ai-tificial boundary east-north-east-
vard thence to the neighbourhood of Bardney; and it
recedes from the Witham at Frith-Bank, about 3 mUes
above Boston, — retires thence curvingly north-eastward
to the Lade Bank, near Nordyke bridge, — and has a
boimdary thence partly eastward along the Lade Bank,
and partly artificial thence southeastward to the sea. Its
topography, and most of its statistics, are given in the
article 1.D{C0L>'SHIEE. Its name was anciently written
Lindisse; and is a comiption of the Lindon of Ptolemy,
with the afBx e or ey, signifying " island." It was con-
quered by Edwin of Northumbria, who introduced Chris-
tianity to it, through the ministry of Panlinus; and it
was overrun, and held for a time, by the Danes, who
landed at Humberstone, near Grimsby, and marched to
Bardney, where they massacred the monks in church.
It gives the title of Earl to the Berties of CfEngton.
Acres, 996,601 Pop. in 1851, 185,032; in 1861,
229,816. Houses, 48,533.
LINDUM. See Lincoln.
LINE (The), a stream of Northumberland; running
about 8 miles eastward, past Ulghham, to the sea at
Linmouth.
LINE (The), Carmarthenshire. See Coxwil - is-
Elket.
LINE, or Leve.v (The), a river of the NE of Cum-
herland. It rises in several head-streams adjacent to
the boundaries with NorthumberL-ind and Scotland; and
runs about IS miles in the direction of SW by W, iiast
Stapleton, Kirklinton, and AVest Linton, to the river
Esk, near the latter's influx to the head of the Sohvay
frith.
LINEAL, a place in the N of Salop; near the EUes-
mere canal, 34 miles ESE of EUesmere.
LINEHAM. See Ltxeham.
LINER (The). See Ltnher (The;.
LINESIDE. See Ltneside.
LINES-SPINNEY, a place on Dunsmore heath,- in
Warwick; 4| miles WSW of Rugby. It is a meet for
the North Warwickshire hounds.
LINEY, or Laxghay, a place near Sedgemoor, in
Somerset; 3^ miles SE of Bridgewater.
LINFIT, a hamlet in Kirkburton township and par-
ish, W. R. Yorkshire; 4^ miles SE of Huddersfield.
LINFORD, an extra-parochial tract in Ringwood dis-
trict, Hants; forming part of Broomy-Walk, in the New
Forest. '
LINFORD, Norfolk. See Ly>.tord.
LINFORD (Great), a village and a parish in New-
port-PagneU district, Bucks. The village stands near the
river Ouse, 2 miles SW of Newport-Pagnell, and 2i E of
Wolverton r. station ; is a scattered place ; and has a
post-office under Newport-Pagnell. Acres, 1,787. Real
property, £3,229. Pop., 557. Houses, 112. ITie pro-
perty is much subdivided. The manor belonged, at
Domesday, to Hugo Bolebec and Walter GLtlard; and,
with Ltnford House, belongs now to the Rev. W. A.
Uthwatt. Linford Wood is a meet for the Whaddon
Chase hounds. The lining is a rectory in the diocese of
0.\-ford. Value, £400.* Patron, the Rev. W. A.
Uthwatt. The church is good, and has a tower. Tliere
arc an Independent cliapel, an endowed school with £10
a-year, and six alms-houses with £52. Richard Sandy
or Napier, an astrologer and physician, was rector in
years preceding 1634.
LINFORD (Little), a parish in Newport-PagneU dis-
trict, Bucks ; on the river Ouse, 2 miles W of Newport-
Pagnell, and 3 ENE of Wolverton r. station. Post-
town, NewTwrt-Pagnell. Acres, 550. Real property,
£1,165. Pop., oS. Houses, 9. Tlie property is di-
vided between two. The manor, with Little Linford
House, belongs to M. Knapp, Esq. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of Oxford, Value, £06. Patron,
M. Knapp, Esq. The church is plaiji but goo.L v
LING, or Ltxg, a village and a parish in Mitford dis-
trict, Norfolk. The \-illage stands ou the river Wen-
sum, 6 miles NE by E of East Dereham r. station; and
has a post-olhce under Norwich, and a fiir on 20 Nov.
The parish contains also the hamlet of Ling-Easthaugh,
and comprises 1, 899 acres. Real property, £3,516. Pop.,
590. Houses, 141. The property is divided among a
few. The manor belongs to the Rev. H. Lombe. A
nunnery wa.s early founded here; and was removed, in
1160, to Thetford. The living is a rectory in the dio-
cese of Norwich. Value, £528. * Patron, the Rev. H.
Lombe. The church comprises nave, aisle, and chan-
cel, with S porch and tower; and was recently in disre-
pair. There are chapels for Primirive ilethodists and
United Free Methodists, a national school, and charities
£6. Jeffrey de Ling, a monkish historian, was probably
a native.
LING, or Ltkg, a village and a parish in Bridgewa-
ter district, Somerset. The village stands near the river
Tone, the IBridgewater and Taunton canal, and the Dur-
ston and Athelney stations of the Bridgewater and Yeo-
vil railway, 6 miles SSE of Bridgewater; and has a post-
otRce under Taunton, and a fair on the first Monday of
Aug. — The parish inchides Athelney island, and part of
Burrowbridge chapelrv. Acres, 1.409. Real property,
£3,523. Pop., 390. HoiiscS, 77. The property- is divided
chiefly among four. The msaxoT belongs to R. Gatcombe,
Esq. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Bath
aiid Wells. Value, £121. Patron, Pu K. ileade King,
Esq. The chiirch is ancient but good; and consists of
nave and chancel, with a tower. There is a national
school. See Ath elxey.
• LINGARDS, or Lingarths, a townshio in Almond-
bury parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 34 miles S of Hudders-
field. Acres, 500. Pop,, 783. Houses, 149. The
township forms part of Slaithwaite chapelry, and par-
takes in the interests of Slaithwaite village and town-
ship.
LINGBOB, a hamlet in Wilsden township, Bradford
parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 4J miles NW of Bradford.
LING-EASTHAUGH, a hamlet in Ling parish, Nor-
folk; 1 mile E of Ling village.
LINGEN, a parish, with a village, in the district of
Presteigne and county of Hereford ; on a branch of the
river Lug, 4 miles NE of Presteigne, and 4} S of Buck-
nell r. station. Post-town, Presteigne, "Radnorshire.
Acres, 2,283. Real property, with Willey, £3,589.
Pop., 287. Houses, 63. The manor belongs to John
Edwards, Esq. Remains of an old castle are near the
viU.age. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
Hereford. Value, £70. Patron, the Bishop of Here-
ford. The church is plain, and has a belfrj'. Chari-
ties, £5.
LINGFIELD, a village and a parish ia the district of
East Grinstead and county of Surrey. The village
stands on a heaJstream of the river Medway, 4 miles N
of East Grinstead, and 4 SE by Sof Godstone r. station;
contains some ancient timber houses; and has a post-otlice
under East GrinsteafL — The parish contains also Ard-
ing-Run, Plaistow- Street, Ridlands-Orten, Donnans-
Land, Dryhill, Beacon-Heath, Apsley-Town, Baldwins-
HiU, Chartham-Park, and Fieldcourt. Acres, 9,010.
Real property, £10,138. Pop. in 1351, 2,141; in 1361,
2,202. Houses, 420. ITie property is much suUUvided.
Wilderwick, Farrindons, Claridges, Porters-Hall, Fitdd-
coiurt- Lodge, and Haxted House are principal residences.
Starborough Castle, 2i mOes E of the \illage, was built
in tlie time of_ Edwaiii III.; was a seat of the Cob-
hams; was garrisoned by the parliamentarian forces, in
the civil wars of Charles I. ; was subsequently de-
molished; and is represented now by only the moat, and
some traces of the foundations. A modem house, he^r-
ing the castle's name, is the seat of Miss Tonge. A
iJlNGHOLil.
47
LINMOUTH.
chalybeate spring 13 on Liu;^'fiol(l Common. The living
is a p. airaoy in the diocese of AVinchester. Value,
i;i45. Patrons, the Trustees of the late M. Atkins,
Esq. The church is chiefly later English; includes earlier
jmrtions ; consisis of nave, aisles, and chaucel, wth
tower and spire; and contains eleven stalls, an ancient
oak lectum, a later English altar-tomb, and a number of
brisses and other monuments of the Cobharas, the How-
anls, and others. A college, for a provost, chaplains,
and clerks of the Carthusian order, was founded, at the
V end of the churchyard, in 1431, by Reginald Lord
CobEam; had endowments which, at the dissolution,
were valued at upwanls of £79; continued to be in a
perfect state, in the time of Aubrey; but was taken
down, to give place to a farm-house in the tune of George
I. There are two Baptist chapels, national and infant
schools, a lending library, a workhouse, and charities
£90.
LINGHAil. See Moreton-cum-Lingh.^m.
LIXGHOLM, a rocky wooded islet at the boundary
lietween "Westmoreland and Lancashire; in Windermere,
2 miles from Ferry-House.
LIXGHOLMS.'two islets in Derwent-water, Cumber-
land.
LINGMELL, a nionntain in the S of Cumberland;
on the S side &f Wastdale, about a mile above the head
t.f AVast -water.
LINGMOOB, a hUI-range in the "W of 'Westmoreland;
Separating Great Langdale from Little Langdale.
LINGS, a hamlet in Hatfield township and parish,
\f. R. Yorkshire; 3i miles SW of Thome.
LING'\^T:LL-GATE, a hamlet in Stanley township,
■Wakefield parish, "W. R. Yorkshire; 1 mile NW of
WakefieM
LINGWOOD, a parish, with a village, in Blofield dis-
trict, Norfolk; 3 miles N of Buckenham r. station, and
S E of Noi-wich. Post-town, Blofield, under Nonvich.
Acres, 661. Real property, £1,999. Pop., 509. Houses,
79. The property is subdivided. Most of the land be-
longs to H. N. Burroughes, Esq., and the Rev. J.
Bmroughes; and the manor belongs to the former,
and Lingwood Lodge to the latter. The living is a p.
f uracy in the diocese of Norwich. Value, £55. Pa-
tron, H. N. Burroughes, Esq. The church is later Eng-
lish, in good condition; and has a tower. There are a
national school and a land-allotment for the poor, yield-
ing £20 a-year. Blofield workhouse also is here; and,
at the censns of 1861, had 146 inmates.
LINHEAD, a village in Corsonside parish, Northum-
berland; 6i miles NE of Bellingham. Some ironstone
works are htre.
LINHOPE, a hamlet in Ingram, Linhope, andGreen-
shawhill to\vnship, Ingram parish, Northumberland; on
the river Breamish, under the Cheviots, Sh miles SW by
S of Wooler. The name Linhope signifies "the valley
iif the waterfall," and alludes to a cascade called Linhope
Spout. The cascade is a full of 56 feet, over a precipi-
tous rock, into a dark ra\"ine, flanked with high birch-
rh'd rocks. Remains of an ancient fortified British
town are at a spot called Greaves-Esh; and comprise
three circular encampments, each with surrounding ram-
j'.irt.s, enclosing perceptible foundations of houses. The
W encampment is the largest, and has IS hut-circles.
A small silver cross, inscribed with the name of Acca,
liishop of Hexham, and thought to have been one of the
i:rn5ses given to the Hexham pilgrims, was found, ia
ISOl, at the foot of the adjoining Cheviot hill Ilartside.
LINK. See Malvkkn-Link.
LINKENHOLT, a parish in Andover district. Plants;
near the boundary with Berks and Wilts, 10 miles N of
Andovcr r. station. Post-town, llungeiford. Acres,
1.074. Real property, with Vernham-Dean, £5,167.
Rated property of L.'alone, £420. Po[.., 83. Houses,
20. The pror>erty is tlivided among a few. The manor
belongs to Jlrs. England. The living is a rectoiy in
the diocese of Winchester. V.-ilue, £213.* Patrons,
t!ie E.xecutors of the late Rev. J. M. Colson. The church
is Norman, in good condition; and has a low and curious
chancel arch. ..
LINKIIILL, a hamlet in Hover pari.sh, Kent; 7imOt3
W (f{ Tuubridgc.
LINKING-D.-VLE-HEAD, a height, connected with
Watson-Dodd, in Cuniberland; at the head of Gleucoin,
on the W wattr-shed of Ullcswater basin.
LINKINIIORNE, a parish in Liskeard district,
Cornwall; between the rivers Inny and Lynher, 4 miles
NW by N of Callington, and 8 S l)y W of Launceston r.
station. Post-town, Callington, Cornwall. Acres,
7,894. Real propei-ty, £12,734; of which £5,637 are in
mines, and £100 in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 2,005; in
1861, 2,551. Houses, 464. The increase of pop. arose
from the extension of mining operations. The property
is much subdivided. The manor belonged formerly to
Launceston prioiy, and belongs now to the duchy of
Cornwall. The surface includes Carraton Dov\t»s, 1,203
feet high, where Charles I. was joined, in 1044, by Piince
Maurice; includes also Sharp Tor, Cheesewring, the
Huxlers, and other vantage-grounds commanding fine
views. Tin and copper are mined. A cattle fair is held
at Rilla Mill on 3 Dec. The living is a \icarage in the
diocese of Exeter. Value, £312.* Patron, the Rev. C.
T. Kempe. The church is ancient but good; was rebuilt
by the Trecarells of Trefey; has a lofty tower; and con-
tains several monuments. There are Wesleyan chapels,
an endowed school with £21 a-year, and charities £3.
Daniel Gum, whose mathematical acquirements and
singular mode of living procured him the appellation of
the " Mountain Philosopher," resided here amongst the
rocks, one of which he had excavated for his own residence.
LINKS TOPi. (Great), a rocky eminence in the NW
of Dartmoor, in Devon; 3 miles NE of Lidford. Its ap-
pearance, ia some parts, resembles that of the ntins of
walls.
LINLEY, a parish in Madeley district, Salop; on the
Severn Valley railway, 24 miles SW b}' S of Broseley, and
4 NW by N of Bridgnorth. It has a station on the rail-
way; and its post-to'i'.Ti is Broseley, under Wellington,
Salop. Acres, 628. Real property, £841. Pop., 94.
Houses, 19. The property is divided between two.
The manor belongs to Lord Forester. Linlcy Hall T.-a3
formerly the seat of the Lacon family. The living is a
rectory, annexed to the rectory of Broseley, in the dio-
cese of Hereford. The church is Saxon, has a tower,
and was repaired in 1S59.
LINLEY, a township in More parish, Salop; 3} miles
NNE of Bishops-Ca.stle. Pop., 123. Linley Hall is the
seat of the ancient family of More; one of whom was CoL
Jlore, the defender of Hopton castle, and translator of
Mode's " Clavis." Remains of a Roman villa were found,
near the Hall, in 1856. The township is a meet for the
United Pack hounds.
LINLEY, a place 1 mile S of Corsham, in WUts.
LINLEY HILL, a place in E. R. Yorkshire; on the
river Hull, 4 miles NNE of Beverley.
LINMOUTH, a township in Woodhom parish, North-
umberland; on the coast, at the mouth of the river Line,
7 miles NE by E of Morpeth. Acres, 315. Pop. in
1851, 38; in 1801,17. Houses, 5. Dunes or sand-hills
are hero, 40 feet high. A whale, 61 feet long, was killed
on the coast in 1822.
LINMOUTH, or Lyxmoutii, a vUlage in Linton piir-
ish, Devon; on a small bay of the Bristol channel, at
the mouth of the rivers East Lyn and West Lj-n, IS
miles NE of Barnstaple. It is a beautiful and romantic
place; is frequented for sea-bathing; audhas apost-ofika
under Barnstaple, a hotel, salt-water baths, and c-cccllent
lodging-houses. Much of the older portion of it was
overwhelmed and destroyed, in 1607, during a gale at
s]iriiig tide. The bold promontory, called Countesbury-
Forelaud, flanks the E side of its "bay; precipitous hills,
falling abruptly to the water's edgi', from a height of
about 1,300 foit, are all around; and a highly ro-ji?.ntic
tract, comprising wild ridges, towering cr.igs, subalpine
valleys, .•md impotnous streams, and merging into Ex-
moor, forms the environs. Southey pronounces Lin-
luouth the finest spot lie ever .saw, except Cintra and the
Arrabida; and says, respecting its two rivers, — "Each
of these flows down a combe, roUing down over Luge
LINON (Tke). 48
Btones like a long waterfall; and, imrjiediatt-Iy at their
junction, they enter the sea, and the rivars and the sea
make but one sound of uproar. Of these corabes, the
one is richly wooded, — the other runs between two high,
bare, stony hdls. From the hLU between the two is a
prospect most ma^ificent; on either hand combes, and
the river before the little village,— the beautiful little
village. Ascending from Linmouth up a road of ser-
pentining perpendicularity, you reach a lane which, by
a slight descent, leads to the Valley of Stones, a spot
which is one of the greatest wonders in the west of Eng-
land, .and would attract many visitors if the woods were
passable by carriages. " The streams afford prime ang-
ling; and the adjacent sea yields oysters and good fish.
LINON, or Li-N-ON (The), a stream of Anglesey; fall-
ing into the Allua below Llanracreth.
LIN'OP. See Linhope.
LINSET-STREET, a place near Epping, in Essex.
LINSHEELES, or Lkshield.s, a township in Holy-
stone parish, Northumberland; 11 miles W by N of
Eothbury. Pop., S9. Houses, 12.
LliS'SIDE. See Lyxeside.
LINSLADE. See Lixchlade.
LINSTEAD, a village and a parish in Favresham dis-
trict, Kent. The village stands IJ mile SSW of Tej-n-
ham r. station, and 3 SE of Sittingboume; and has a
pillar letter-bos under Sittingbonrne. The parish con-
tains also the village of Green-street, which has a post-
office under Sittingboume. Acres, 1,806. Real pro-
perty, £5,522. Pop., 1,029. Houses, 218. The pro-
perty is subdivided. ITie manor belonged formerly to the
Lords Teynham; and, with Linstead Lodge, belongs now
to CoL Tyler. An estate in the parish belonged°to the
Hugessen families, and passed to Sir Edward KnatchbuU.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Canterbarv.
Value, £300.* Patron, the Archdeacon of Canterbury.
The church consists of nave, aisles, and two chapels of
the Teynham and the Hugessen families; contains, in
these chapels, several handsome monuments; and was
recently in bad condition. There are parochial schools.
LINSTEAD-MAGNA, a parish, with a small village,
in Blything district, Sufiblk; 5 miles W by S of Hales-
worth town and r. station. Post-town, Halesworth.
Acres, 1,304. Real property, £1,843. Pop., 115.
Houses, 18. The manor and most of the land belong to
Lord Huntingfield. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of Nor\7ich. Value, £97. Patron, the Rev. E.
Hollond. The church is old but good, and has a tower
LINSTEAD-PARVA, a parish, with a smaU vlUacre,
in Blything district, Suifolk; 3^ miles W by N of Hales-
worth town and r. station. Post-town, Halesworth.
Acres, 554. Real property, £983. Pop. , 227. Houses,
39. The manor and most of the land belong to Lord
Huntingfield. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese
of Norwich. Value, £78. Patron, the Rev. E. Hol-
lond. There is a town estate, worth £9 a-year.
LINSTOCK, a to^TO.ship in Stanwix parish, Cumber-
land; on the river Eden, 2} miles NE of Carlisle. Acres,
1,133. Real property, £1,789. Pop., 205. Houses,
45. Remains exist of Linstock Castle, which was a
residence of the Bishops of Carlisle, and at which Bishop
Hidton received Edward L Extensive remains exist
also of Drawdykes Castle, part of which was rebuilt, in
the 17th century, with stones from the Roman wall, by
Jolin Aglionby, Esq., recorder of Carlisle, who plated
upon the battlements three remarkable strong busts,
supposed to have been household gods of the Romans.
LINTHORPE, a village and atomisliipin Mid^lles-
bornugh parish, N. R. Yorkshire. The village stands
on the river Tees, at the boundary with Durham, 3
miles E of Stockton-upou-Tces; and is irregularly built,
but prosperous. The townsliip contains also the >ill;ige
of Newport and the hamlet of Aii-sholme. Real property,
£4,135; of which .£250 arc in iron-works. Pop. in 1S51,
262; in ISCl, 702. Houses, 133. The manor b^lon^s
to T. Hustler, Esq.
LINTHWAITE, a township aud a chapelrj' in Al-
muudbury parish, W. R. Yorkshire. The township liw
on the river Colne and the llanchestcr canal, near Golcar
LIJ<TON.
r. station, 4 mUes S\V of Huddersficld; cai-ries on largely
the woollen manufacture; and has a post-office under
Huddersfield. Acres, 1,334. Pop. in 1851, 3,802; in 1S61,
4,300. Houses, 850. The property" is much subdi\-ided.
Good building-stone is qnanied.— the chapelrv was con-
stituted in 1342, and is less extensive than the township.
Pop. in 1S61, 3,144. Houses, 62.3. The living is a
p. curacy in the diocese of Ripon. Value, £150. * Pa-
tron, the Vicar of Almondbury. The church was built
in 1828, at a cost of £.3,000; and is a neat edLlce with
tower and spire. There are chapels for Baptists, Wes-
leyans, and Free Methodists, and national and Wesleyau
schools.
LINTHWAITE-PIKE, the highe.st point of Saddle-
back mountain, in Cumberland.
LINTON, a small town, a parish, a sub-district, and
a district, in Cambridgeshire. The town stands on the
river Granta, and on the Cambridge and Haverhill rail-
way, at the boundary with Essex, 2 mUes S of the Roman
road from Cambridge, and 104 SE of Cambridge; is sup-
posed, from the discovery of various Roman coins at it,
to occupy the site of a Roman settlement; comprises a
principal street about i a mile long, and several other
streets, mostly irregular and not well edificed; and has a
post-office| under Cambridge, a railway station, a police
station, a hotel, a church. Independent and Primitive
Methodist chapels, a large national school, a British
school, aworkhonse, and charities £10. The police-sta-
tion was recently erected, and is used for petty sessions.
The church is a handsome edifice; consists of nave, aisles,
and chancel, with embattled tower; and contains monu-
ments of the Parises, the Stanleys, the Flacks, and the
^MiUccents. The workhouse stands a short distance from
the iovra; is a neat brick structure; can accommou;ite 300
inmates; and is connected with two detached, but not
much used, fever-wanJs. A weekly market used to be
held on Thursdaj-, but has been discontinued; a sheep
fair, largely attended, is held on 30 July ; a fair for small
wares is held on Holy Thursday; and .some small manu-
factures were formerly carried on, but are now extinct.
The neighbourhood is much diversified with liiil and dale.
The parish comprises 3,775 acres. Real propertv, £7, 439
Pop. in 1851, 2,061; in 1861, 1,833. Houses, 372. The
manor belongs to the Rev. C. E. R. Keene; and some of
the land to Pembroke College, Cambridge. Barham Hall
was a priory of crutched friars, established as early as
1292, aud subject to the monastery of Welnetham; went,
at the dissolution, to the MUlecents ; and is now a farm-
house. An alien prior}', a cell to the abbey of St. Jacu-
tus-de-Insula in Brittany, was founded in the parish in
the time of Henry III., and was given, by Henry VI., to
Pembroke College, Cambridge. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Ely. Value, £267. Patron, the Bishop
of Ely. ^
The sub-district contains also the parishes of Great
Abington, Little Abington, Hildersham, Great Bart-
low, Castle-Carnps, Shudy-Camps, and Hadstock, and
part of that of Ashdon,-^the two latter electorallv in
E.s.?ex. Acres, 15,169. Pop., 4,813. Houses, 1,003.—
The district comprehends also the sub-district of Bal-
sham, containing the parishes of Balsham, 'West AVick-
hatn, Horseheath, West Wratring, Weston-ColvUle, and
Carlton-cum-"\Villingham; aud the sub-district of Dux-
ford, containing the parishes of Duxford, Ickkton,
Hinxton, Babraham, Pampisford, S.awston, and Whittlcs-
ford. Acres, 47,869. Poor-rates, in 186;l, £10,498
Pop. in 1851, 14,148; in 1S61, 13,510. Houses, 2,889.
Marriages, in 1803, 100: births, 4G3,— of which 39 'were
illegitimate; deaths, 249, — of which 102 were at ages
under 5 years, and 13 at ages above 85. ^Marriages iu
the ten years 1851-60, 898;'births, 4,549; deaths, 2,562.
The places of worship, iu 1351, were 20 of the Church of
England, with 6,639 sittings; 9 of Independents, with
2,110 s.; 1 of Baptists, with 4.j1 s.; 5 of Primitive 3[e-
thodists, with 550 s. ; 3 undefined, with 548 s. ; and 1 of
Roman Catholics, with 60 s. The schools were 22 pub-
lic day schools, with 1,275 scholars; 45 private day
schools, with 774 s. ; 27 Sunday schools, with 2,086 s.;
and 2 evening schools for adults, with 35 s.
LINTON.
LINTOX.
LIXTOX, a township in Churcli-Gresley parish,
Pcrbv; 4i miles SSE of Durtoii-upon-Trent- Acres, 8(50.
KearproiLirty, X2,302. Pop. in 1851, 279; in 1861,
365. Houses, 79. There are chapels for We.sleyans ami
rrimitive Methoilists.
LINTON, a hamlet in Churcham parish, Gloucester-
shire; 4i miles W of Gloucester. Fop., 34. Houses, 6.
LINTON, a village and a parish in the district of
Newent, and county of Hereford. The village stands on
the boundary line between the country of Hereford and
Gloucester, 4 A mile ENE of Ros.s r. station; and has a
post-otfioe under Ross. — The parish comprises 2,775 acres.
Real property, £5,031, of which £100 are in quarries.
Pop., 915. Houses, 211. The manor belongs to John
AV right, Esq. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Hereford. Value, £555.* Patron, St John's College, 0.x-
ford. The church is ancient, and has a tower and spire.
There are a Baptist chapel and a slightly endowed
school.
LINTON, a township in Bromyard parish, Hereford;
3 miles SE of Bromyard. Acres, 2,630. Real property-,
£3,810; of which £21 are in quarries. Pop. in 1851,
537; in 1S61, 547. Houses, 117. The manor belongs to
R. B. Phillips, Esq. Clater Park is a chief residence.^
The Bromyard workhouse is here; and, at the census of
1861, had 33 inmates.
LINTON, a village and a parish in Slaidstone district,
Kent. The village stands on the S declivity of a hill, 4
miles S of iilaidstone r. station; commands delightful
views over a picturesque and richly wooded country; and
has a post-office under Staplehurst. — The parish contains
also Maidstone workhouse; which, at the census of 1861,
had 260 inmates. Acres, 1,383. Real property, £4,385.
Pop. in 1851, 1,082; in 1861, 873. Houses, 125. The
decrease of pop. was caused by the removal of a number
of inmates of the workhouse to newly-erected workhouse
schools in East Farleigh. The property is divided among
a few. The manor belongs to the IJuke of Leeds. Lin-
ton Park, with much of the land, belonged to the Manns;
and passed, by mairiage, to Earl Comwallis. The
mansion was described by Horace Walpole as " standing
like the citadel of Kent; " commands magnificent and
very extensiv.e views over the Weald; is a splendid white
stuccoed edifice, ■\vith tetrastyle Corinthian portico ; has
a well-wooded park of about" 500 acres; and is now the
seat of Viscount Holmesdale. The parish is noted for
prime fruit and hops. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of Cau-terbury. Value, £260.* Patron, Lady
Holmesdale. The church Wiis originally Nomiau; had
a S aisle and a private chapel added to it in the
time of Edward IIF. ; underwent restoration and con-
siderable enlargement in 1859-60; e.xhibits, in the new
portions, chiedy the later English style; comprises nave,
aUles, chancel, and N and S chapels, with a magnificent
tower of Kentish rag, surmounted by a spire of Bath
stone; contains a carved oak pulpit and reading-de.sk,
and a rich carved oak screen; and was the burial-place
of Sir Horace Jlann, whose body was brought to it for
interment from Florence. The N chapel has been so
entirely restored as to harmonize with the rest of the
church; and it contains monuments to the Mayne, the
JIanu, and the Comwallis families, including a very fine
one, in white marble, by Bayley, to Viscount Brome,
son of the late Earl Comwallis. There are free schools,
supported by Viscount Holmesdale, and alms-houses for
8 aged persons.
LINTON, a hamlet in Widdrington chapelry, North-
umberland; on the river Line, near the coast, 5J miles
NE of M'lrpeth.
LINTO.N', a village, a township, and a parish in Skip-
ton district, W. R. Yorkshire. The village stands on
the river Wharfe, 7i miles N of Skipton r. station; ami
hns a post-otlicc under Skipton. — The township comprises
1,201 acnis. Real jn'operty, X'2,141. Pop., 284. Houses,
t;i5. The parish contains also tlie townships of Thresh-
field, Crassin,':,4on, and Hebden. Acres, 13,142. Real
i>rop'erty £21,092; of which €10,430 are in mines. Pop.
In 1851, '2,221; in 1861, 1,911. Houses, 447. The de-
crease of pop. arose mainly from reduction of employ-
ment at a cotton factory. The t/roperty is muck sub-
divided. The surface abounds in oeautiful, picturesque,
and romantic scenery. Lead mines, chiefly in Grassing-
ton, and chiefly belonging to the Duke of Devonshire,
are e.Ktensively worked. A cotton factory is in Linton
township, and a worsted factory is in Grassington. The
living is a rectory — formerly of two raedieties, but
consolidated in 1806— in the diocese of Ripon. Value,
£400.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church
is ancient; was restored in 1S61; comprises nave, aisles,
and chancel, with a porch; and contains monumental
tablets to the Revs. M. Hewitt and H. Croft. Chapels
for Independents, Wesleyans, and Primitive Jletho-
dists, a mechanics' institution, and a national school,
are Ln Grassington; a free school, with e.xliibitions at
St. John's college, Cambrids;'-, and alms-houses for six
persons are in Linton township; and a grammar school,
founded and endowed by the Rev. M. Hewitt, who died in
1674, is in Threshfield. The total endowments, for
schools and charities, are £3S5 a-year.
LINTON, a township, \vith a small village in Spof-
forth parish, W. R. Yorkshire; on the N bank of the
river AVharfe, If mile SW of Wetherby. Acres, 1,214.
Real property, £1,844. Pop., 176.
LINTON, Lincolnshire. See L.a.vington.
LINTON, or Ltnton, a village and a parish in Barn-
staple district, Devoiu The village stands on the coast,
near the mouth of the rivers Lyn, amid magnificent and
romantic scenery, 14 miles E by N of Ilfracombe r. sta-
tion, and 17^ NE of Barnstaple; is a resort of tourists
and sea-bathers; enjoys sea communication by calls of
the Bristol and Cardiff steamers, and land communica-
tion by coaches toMinehead, Ilfracombe, and Barnstaple;
commands facilities for hunting, fishing, and other sports;
possesses rich attractions of walks, rides, and scenery,
for visitors; and has a post-office J under Barnstaple,
four hotels, aud a small coasting trade. — The parish con-
tains also the village of Liurnouth, and the hamlets of
Linbridge, Barbrook-Mill, Cherry-IBridge, Ilkerton, anl
Dean. Acres, 7,193; of which 30 are water. Real pro-
pert}-, £5,387. Pop., 1,043. Houses, 231. The pro-
perty is not much divided. The manor — or rather the
three manors of Linton, Lvn, and Woolhanger^wila
Linmouth House, belongs to J. C. Roe, Esq. Rock
Lodge is the seat of T. L. Roe, Esq. ; Linton Cottage, of
E. Sanford, Esq.; Cloonca\an, of General Rawden; and
Ley Abbey, of C. Bailey, Ivscp The river or rivet's Lvu
drain most of the parish; take their name from the pre-
v.alence of cascades, deep falls, and dark ntvines within
their bed; and give their name, with the addition of the
syllable for "town," to the paiish. The scenery, in
most parts, is of the same wild, grand, romantic charac-
ter as in the part around Linmouth, and noticed in oar
article on that village. A path, called the North ^Valk,
leading from Linton village to the Valley of Stones, to
Castle Rock, and to other highly interesting spots, is
particularly interesting; goes midway across a rapid di-
clivity of about 700 feet; fomis one of the most remark-
able terrace-walks anpvherc to be seen; and commands
a view of the gorge of the East L}tj, of a sweep of dis-
mal coast to Linmouth Foreland, and of a vast extent of
ocean horizoned by the cloud-like mountains of Wales.
The Valley of Stones is a vale about a mile long, but not
above 100 yards v/ide, between two lofty aud somewhat
steep ridges of hill; is overspread, in every direction, by-
vast fragments of rock; and derives a weird-imprcssive-
ness froni vast masses of bare rock on the hill ridges,
appearing here and there like rude natural columns, and
arranged so fantastically along the summits as to nsem-
blo e.xtensive ruins. Suuthcy describes the N ridge as
"completely bare, excoriated of all turf and all soil, the
very bones and skeleton of the earth, rock veclining
upon rock, stone piled upon stone, a huge terrific nia-o:"
and he adds, rcspectiiiLC the vallcj-, — "Aji.dace of the
pre-Adamite kings, a city of the Anakim, must have ap-
ppa'.-ed to shapeless, anil yet so like the ruins of wlur had
been .shaped after the witere nf the Hood subsided." So
late as 1824, all the tnifiio and farm carriage of the parish
was done by pack-hcrscs and sledges; .and not a wheeled
/
LINTON (East and West).
LISKEAKD.
carriage of any kind \v;is known. Antiqnateil notions,
or notions peculiar to very sequestrated re^ons, par-
ticularly dire superstitious notions about "pixies" or
fiiiries, still linger among the peasantry. The hunting of
red deer in Exmoor forest, hegun in August, is a gi-eat
sport for visitors and the resident gentry; and a pack of
stag-hounds is kept for it at Linbridge. 'ITie li\-ing is a
p. curacy, united with the p. curacy of Countesburj', in
the diocese of Exeter. Value, £120.* Patron, the
Archdeacon of Barnstaple. The church figures strikingly
in the centre of Linton village; was enlarged in 1817,
and again in 1833; has a square tower; and contains
many ancient monuments. There are an Independent
chapel and a national school.
LINTON (East and West), a hamlet in Ilowden
parish, E. R. Yorkshire; at the ferry on the river Ouse,
near the Hull and Selby raQwaj-, 2 miles E of Howden.
LINTON-GIJANGE, a village in Wintringham town-
ship and parish, E. R. Yorkshire; 74 miles E3E of New
Malton.
LINTON-KIRK. See Kip.k-Linton".
LINTON-MIDDLE-QUARTER, a township in Kirk-
Linton parish, Cumberland; on the river Line, 4 miles
SE of LoDgtown. Real property, £3,360. Pop., 472.
Houses, 93. The parish church and a Quaker meeting-
house are here.
LINTON-UPON-OUSE, a township in Newton-upou-
Ouse parish, N. R. Yorkshire; on the upper level of the
river Ouse, 6h miles SW of Easingwold. Acres, 2,030.
Real property, £2,519. Pop., 253. Houses, 52. The
property belongs to University College, Oxford, A self-
acttng wasteboard was constructed at Nabum-lock on the
Upper Ouse navigation, at a cost of £300, and the depth
of water thence to Linton-locks was so incre.osed as to
admit of vessels of 7 feet draught passing on to Borough-
bridge. A Church of England school is here, with en-
dowment of £25 a-ye^r.
LINTON (West), a township in Kirk-Linton parish,
Cumberland; 3 miles S of Longtown. Real propertv,
£3,615. Pop., 565. Houses, 117.
LINTZ-GREEN, a township in Tanfield chapelry,
Chester-le-Street parish, Durham; on the river Derwent,
and on the Stanhope and Tyne radwav, 6i miles N of
Durliam city. Acres, 2,640" Real property, £14,286;
of which £7,910 are in mines. Pop. in 1831, 650.
LINWOOD, an extra-parochial tract in Ringwood
district, Hants; forming ]5art of Broomy Wak in New
Forest. Acres, 780. Pop., 14.
LINWOOD, a parish in Caistor district, Lincoln ;
near the Lincoln and Grimsby railwaj'-, 2 miles S of Mar-
ket-Rasen, and 3 NNE of Wickenby r. station. Post-
town, Market-Rasen. Acres, 2,316. Real property,
£2,544. Pop., 201. Houses, 37. The manor belongs
to Capt. W. C. Gordon. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of Lincoln. Value, £420. * Patron, Capt. W. C.
Gordon. The church is partly early English, partly
decorated; consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with
tower and spire ; and contains canopied biusses of J.
Lyndwode aud family of 1419-21.
LINWOOD, a handet in Blankney parish, Lincoln;
on Linwood drain, 64 miles NW of Tattcrehall. Pop.,
55.
LIONE.*53E, a shoal in the English Channel, between
Lands-End and the SciUy Isles. It is said to have been
a tract of land, submerged in 1099.
LION'S DEN, a circular cliasni near the edge of a
cliff, in the vicinity of Lizard Head, in the SW of Corn-
wall. It was formed in Feb. 1.347 ; aud it has been re-
garded by geologists ;is illustrating the origin of similar
cavities.
LION'S ROCK, a reef near the SciUy Isles. The
Paliuums was wrecked upon it in 1843.
LIPHOOK, a ^-illage in Bramshott parish, Hants;
adjacent to the GialdJbrd and Portsmouth railway, 4
miles W by S of H;islemere. It ha-s a head post-office,;
a station on the railway, and fairs on the first Wednes-
day of ilarch and 11 June; and, in the stage-coach
times, it was a hnlting-place on the old road from Lou-
don to Portsmouth. Pop., 242.
LIPWOOD, a township or quarter in Warden parish,
Northumberland; near Haydou-Bridge, and 51 miles W
of He.xham. ~ Pop., 643.
LISBITINE, a phce of lead-mines in the NE of Car-
digan; near Hafod-Park, 14 mdes E.SE of Abcrvstwith.
The mines belong to the Earl of Lisburne, employ a
large number of persons, and produce about 3,000 tuns
of lead a-year. Tlie main veins of ore run from E to
W, and are from 4 to 6 feet thick; and the lesser veins
thin out from the main ones, aud can be traced at rocky
spots of the hiU, and at the sides and in the beds of
neighbouring brooks.
LI3CARD, a township and a chapelry in Wallasey
parish, Cheshire. The township lies on the ilersey,
about 4 a mile from Egremont steam-ferry station, and
24 N by W of Birkenhead r. station; includes the village
and chapelry of New Brighton; and has a post-office:;
under Birkenheaii. Acres, 4,236; of which 3,340 are
water. Real property, £33,731; ofwhich £10 are in quar-
ries. Pop. in 1S51, 4,100; in 1S61, 5,625. Houses, 929.
j\luch of the area is edificed with streets and terraces, or
profusely gemmed with villas and other handsome resi-
dences; and is saburban to Birkenhead. Part of the
edificed portion forms Liscard village, aud part is con-
joint with Egremont. There are four hotels, several
considerable inns, a police-office, a, bridewell, a public
weighing machine, a water-tower, and a battery. An
interesting feature in the rural part is the Liscard model
farm, belonging to Harold Littledale, Esq. — The cha-
pelry be,ars the name of Liscard-St. John, excluiles the
chapelry of New Brighton, and was constimted in 1831.
Pop. in 1561, 3,221. Houses, 562. The living is a
p. curacj' in the iliocese of Chester. Value, not reix)rted.
Patrons, Trustees. Tlie church is a handsome edifice in
the Grecian style, and contains about 1,800 sittings.
There are chapels for Independents, Quakers, Priiuitivo
Methodists, and Roman Catholics; national schools fur
boys, girls, and infants; Congregational schools for boys,
and girls ; a Roman Catholic school ; a working-men's
club and reading-room; and a dispeasary. Tlio Romaii
Catholic chapel wa-i built in 1854; is a handsome edi-
fice ; contaiiis about 700 sittings ; and has a cemeteiy at-
tached. The Congregational schools were built in 1855,
at a cost of £1,200; have a picturesqne appearauce; and
are so aiTanged as to be available for lectures or public
meetings, with accommodation for about 400 persons.
LISCOMBE PARK, a seat in Soulbuiy parish, Bucks;
3 miles W by N of Leighton-Buzzari It has belonged
to the Lovett family for nearly 600 years; and is at pre-
sent the residence of W. Schoolcroft Biu-ton, Esq. The
house is a quadrangular castellated edifice of the Tudor
period, vrith a frontage of 166 feet; has been much spoilt
by whitewash; includes, on one side, a chapel with some
windows of the 14th century; and contains portraits of
Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk, the first Earl of Bed-
ford, the Earl of StratTopl, Sir Edratmd Yemj-, Arch-
bishop Sancroft, and other distinguished persons. The
court-yard has a fine old weeping yew; the kitchen gar-
dens are ancient and large ; and the park aboimds in
noble oaks, and comprises about 200 acres.
LISKEARD, a town, a parish, a sab-district, and a
district, in Cornwall. The town stands partly on rocky
eminences, partly on a plaLa at their base, amid an ele-
vated but rich well-cultivated country, at the junction
of the Liskeard and Caradon and the Liskeard and Looe
railways, near the Cornwall railway, 1 mile E of the ter-
minus of the Liskeard canal which goes south-by-east-
ward to the river Looe, and 18 WNV/ of Plymouth. It
was anciently called Liscarret, probably from two Corn-
ish words signifying "a fortified place;" and it is one of
the most ancient to-^Tis in Coin wall. The country around
it possesses many crorniech^, stone-circles, and other mo-
numents of the aboriginal inliabitants. The manor wa.s
given, by William the Conc^ueror, to Robert, Earl of
]\Iortaigne; pa.ssed to the Earls of Cornwall; and was
one of the manors annexed to the duchy of Cornwall, by
act of parliament, in the time of Edward III. A castle,
or strong fortress, supposed to have been erected by onn
of the Earb of Comv.all, stood ou aa eminence, still
LISKEARD.
51
LISSETT.
calie'l Ciit'.e-hill, at the E end of the town; was de-
scril:'«<l bv LelaaJ a-?, in his tir.ie, all in ruin, with only
frizments cf walls and is now represented by standing;
onlv a public walk, with n new dwelling for the borough
police in i^5 centiv. A convent of the nuns of Poor Clares
was fouC'IeJ ir. th''> town by Kichard, Earl of Cornwall;
and a part of it srill oxiits, has been converted into dwell-
in::-bcus<?s and is called the Great Place. A house for
leivR, caLeti the hospital of St. Mary Magdalene at Lis-
ksaid, ti:;-Lres in record about the year 1400. A battle
was fou-l::, in lo43, on Broatloak Down, 5 miles WSW
of tl:e town, behveen Sir Ealph Hopton and the parlia-
inent.iri.ar.s ; when Sir Ealph wis thoroughly victorious,
took 1,230 prisoners, and established Ms quarters in
Liikeari Charles I. was here in person during five days
of the following year, and again in 1645; and the house
which he occupied is still standing. Sir Edward Coke,
the f.'.mor^ lawyer, repre.sented the town in parliament
in 1620; Gibbon, the historian, represented it in 1775;
and Dr. Jane, a regius professor, resided in it.
The to-arn presents an irregular appearance; the streets,
from the singularity of the situation, are destitute of
"c-od amagement; the houses, for the most part, are
poorlv buut; and the foundations of some of them are
on a level with the chimneys of others. Yet consider-
able imprr-Tements have, for a number of years, been
made; acl manv hanilsome recent houses adorn the out-
skirts'and the environs. The streets are macadamized,
a;:d have lagged side-walks ; and excellent water is sup-
plied froa aVondiiit; also from a reservoir on St. Cleer
do-.vn I'v t ipft, to houses. The old town-hall was built
in 170r'; hid is a pleasing structure, ^\^th granite arches
and colnrans. Tite new to-ivn-ltaU and corn-exchange was
bailt iii :S22; and is a neat edifice, in the Italian style.
The pdrisi ohnrva is a spacious structure, of local schist;
his a luw rrubattlad tower of 1627 ; was restored between
1 v53an i 1 Jo2; and contains monuments of the Trohawkes,
a :-e:;ot2Ta to .To^eph Wadkam, who died in 1707, and
who>e ai.-estors founded Wadham college in Oxford,
and a monument to Lieut. James Huntley, who fell
in an anack on a squadron of Russiau gunboats, in
t'u-i gulf C-: EinLind. A chapel, dedicated to the Virgin
3hiy, aci much frequented by pilgrims, formerly stood
in a park still called Lady park. The Independent
ehipil s-u2cds in Dean-street, on the site of a previous
old one of harab'e appearance; was built in 1366, at a
cost of .viour £1,600; is iu the early decorated English
strie; ar. 1 contains about 5.i0 sittings. Tho Eoraan
Catholic jhapel was built in 1S63, of local schist faced
with Barb-stone; is in the early English style; and
contains 400 sittings. There are chapels also for
Quiikers, "V\'eslejaus, Unitetl Free Methodists, and Bible
Christia:.?. The grammar-school was closed in 1849, in
consequence of want of due means of support; and had
Havdcn. the mathematician, for a master. National
s^-hools, u the early English style, with capacity for from
300 to 4» children, were built in 1S66, at a cost of about
£2,3':hX The endowetl charities include an alms-house, and
amount t.> £202 a-year. The workhou.se, at the census of
liol, Liillo2inma;es.— The town has ahead post-office, J
aniUwav rtation with telegraph, three banking-offices, and
three chief inns: is a polling-place, and a seat of county
courts; and publishes two weekly newspapers. A weekly
market is h-^ld on Satnrdav; fairs are held on Shrove-Mou-
dav, the ilondav before "Palm-Sunday, Holy Thursday,
15":h Au^., 2 Oct., and the Monday after 6 Dec; tho
ni.'inuf.'.'.fire of .serge and leather is carried on: and cou-
siden-.We rrade exists in connexion with the neighbour-
ing tic, copper, and lead mines. The town was incor-
f-31-ated bv Edmund, predecessor of I'icliard, E;irl of
Comwail V.nd King of the Eomaus; -sent two members
to parliament from'tlie time of EdwiU'd 1. till the reform
act; seii'ls now one m-niber; and is governed, under tlie
new a.rr. by a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve council-
lors. The municipal borough lies all iu Li.skeard parish,
anl ccr:.prise3 SIO acres. The parlianieiitaiy borough
includ-^ also the rest of Liskeard piirish, and i):irt of St.
Cl-^r. Corporation income in ISol, .£S00. Amount of
l.roj.ertj and income txx charged in 1803, XI, 339. Elec-
- - ■_ " '. ■■ •: or- TU
tors in lo33, 218; in 1863, 4.';2. Pop. of the m. borough
in 1851, 4,366; in ISGl, 4,6S9. Houses, 781. Pop. of
the p. borough in 1851, 6,204; in 1861, 6,585. Houses,
1,146.
The parish includes the small village of DubwaUs, and
comprises 8,129 acres. Real property of the m. borough
portion, .-£14,090; of which £1,143 are in the railway,
A'e.'iO ijt the canal, and £120 in gas-works. Real pro-
Ijerty of the portion beyond the m. borough, £8,664.
Pop. of the whole in 1851, 6,128; in 1861, 6,.';04.
Houses, 1,133. The living is a vicarage iu the diocese of
Exeter. Value, £500.* Patrons, the Executors of the Rev.
J. F. Todd. There is a chajjel of ease at DubwaUs.— The
sub-district contains also the parishes of St. Cleer, Men-
heniot, St. Neot, St. Pinnock, and St. Ke\Tie. Acres,
44,817. Pop., 15,194. Houses, 2,720.— The district com-
j)rehends also the sub-district of Callington, containing
the parishes of Callington, SouthUl, Liuktnliorne, St. Ive,
and St. Dominick; the sub-district of Looe, containing the
parishes of St. Martin, Talland, Pelynt, Duloe, and Mor-
val, and the extra-parochial tract of Looe Island; and the
sub-district of Lerrin, containing the parishes of St. Veep,
Lanreath, Boconnoc, Droadoak, Lansallos, and Lanteglos-
bv-Fowev. Acres, 107,320. Poor-rates in 1863, £11,877.
Pop. in iSol, 29,295; in 1861, 33,562. Houses, 6,252.
Marriages in 1863, 203; births, 1,359,— of which 53
were illegitimate; deatlis, 709, — of which 307 were at
ages itnder 5 years, and 13 at ages above 85. Marriages
in the ten years 1851-60, 2,712; births, 14,589; deaths,
7,375. The places of worship, in 1851, were 31 of the
Church of England, with 10,012 sittings; 6 of Indepen-
dents, with 956 s. ; 2 of Baptists, with 430 s. ; 2 of
Quakers, with 330 s. ; 35 of Wesleyan Slethodists, -n-ith
6,022 s; 13 of the "Wesleyan Association, with 2,034 3.;
15 of Bible Christians, with 2,022 s.; 2 of Brethren,
with 110 s.; 1 undefined; and 2 of Roman Catholics,
with 190 s. The schools were 22 public day schools,
with 1,609 scholars; 74 private day schools, with 1,929
s. ; 66 Simday schools, with 4,576 s. ; and 6 evening
schools for adult.s, with 67 s.
LISKEARD AND CARADON EAILAVAY, a min-
eral railway in Cornwall; from Liskeard, noith-by-east-
ward, to Caradon. It is S-^ miles long, and was opened
in ilarch, 1846. Authority was obtained in ISoO to
make alterations in two portions of it, to the length of 6
miles; to make a new railway, 2 miles long, from a
jtmction with the main line near Trocarne farm, to Go-
namena on the Cheesewring branch railway; to make a
new branch, 1 mile long, from Crow's-Nest to Token-
burj-'Conier; to t.ike on lease, or pmxhase, or arrange
for the working of, the KUmar railway belonging to the
Cheesewring Granite company; and to arrange with the
commissioners of Looe harbour for laying down rails at
their works, and for using these works.
LISKEARD AND LOOE RAILWAY, a mineral rail-
way in Cornwall; from a junction with the Liskeard and
Caradon, at Liskeard, southward 7 miles to the Looo
navigation. It was authorized in 1858; and a capitid. of
£13,000, in £25 .shares, was to be provided for it by the
Liskeard and Looe Canal company. The steepest gra-
dient in it is 1 in 63. Both this railway and the Lis-
keard and Caradon act as feeders to the Cornwall railvray.
LISS, or Lyss, a village and a parish in Petersfleld
district, Hants. The vnUage stands near the Guildford
and Portsmouth railway, on tho E border of the county,
4 miles NNE of Petersficld; is a pretty place; and has a
station with telegra])h on the railway, and a post-othce
under Petersfield. Tlie parish comprises the tythings of
Liss-Abbas and Liss-Turney. Acres, 3,679. Real pro-
perty, £4,181. Pop. in 1851, 748; in 1861, 800.
Houses, 167. The property is subdivided. The manor
belongs to Sir Charles Taylor. The living is ii p. cu.-acy
in the diocese of Winihester. Value, £oS3.- Patron,
the Bishop of "Winchester. The church is ancient, and
the chancel w:us restored iu 1S64. There are a Wesleyan
cliai)el. a national school, and charities £8.
LISSETT, a township-cliapelry, with a small village,
in Beeford parish, E. 11. Yorkshire; near tlie coast, 4
miles KSE of Lowthorpe^:. station, and 7 S ''V Vr of
>!CA^
LISSINGTON.
LITTLEBOROUGH.
Eridlmgton. It has a post-office timler HiUl. Acres,
1,150. Heal property, with Little Kelk, £2,326. Pop.,
112. Houses, 21. The living is a p. curacy, annexed
to the rectory of Beeford, in the dioce.se of York. The
church is of the early part of the 13th century; and con-
tains a round chancel arch and a Norman font.
LISSINGTON, a parish in Caistor district, Lincoln;
on a small tributary of the river Witham, 2 miles NE of
Wickenby r. station, and 4 NNAV of Wragby. Post-
town, Wragby. Acres, 1,526. Real propert)-, £2,258.
Pop., 245. Houses, 50. The manor belongs to C.
Tumor, Esq. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Lincoln, value, £365.* Patrons, the Deau and Chap-
ter of York. The church consists of nave and chaucel,
with bell-turret. There is a Wesleyan chapel.
LISTON, a parish in the district of Sudbury and
county of Essex ; on the river Stour, at the boundary
with Suflblk, 8 miles NNW of Sudbury r. station. Post-
town, Sudbury. Acres, 631. Real property, £1,510.
Pop. , 95. Houses, 18. The manor belonged anciently
to Hugh de Goumai and to the Listens. Liston Hall is
the seat of Mrs. Thornhill. The living is a rectory in
the diocese of Rochester. Value, £163.* Patron, R.
Lambert, Esq. The church is ancient, and has a tower.
LIS VANE, or Llysvaen, a parish in Cardiff district,
Glamorgan, on the SE border of the county, 3i miles
NE by N of Llandatf r. station, and 5} N by E of
Cardiff. Post-toivn, Cardiff. Acres, 1,338. Real pro-
perty, £1,045. Pop., 226. Houses, 48. The living is a
p. curacy in the diocese of Llandatf. Value, £60. Pa-
tron, alternately the Baroness Windsor, and C. EL
Kemeys Tynte, Esq. The church is ancient. Chari-
ties, £13.
LISWORNEY. See Llyw'orney.
LITCHAII, a village, a parish, and a sub-district, in
Mitford district, Norfolk. ThevUlagestandsSniUesNNW
of Fransham r. station, and 8 NE of Swatfham ; was
once a market-town; is a seat of petty sessions; and has
a postotficet under Swa.f ham, a good inn, and a fair on
1 Nov. An adjacent tract, of upwards of 50 acres, is
a common for recreation and for the uses of the poor.
The cricket- ground of the Litcham club also is here ;
and annual meetings of the Odd Fellows and the Order
of Foresters are held here, respectively about Whitsun-
tide and in July. The parish comprises 1,932 acres.
Real property, £4,631. Pop., 903. Houses, 199. The
property is subdivided; but most of the land belongs to
the Rev. W. A. W. Keppel, and W. T. CoUison, Esq.
Some tracts, formerly in commonage, have been enclosed.
A hermitage formerly stood on one of the small com-
mons. The living is a rectory, united with the rectory
■of East Lexliam, in the diocese of Norwich. Value,
£441.* Patron, the Rev. G. AV. Winter. The church
is ancient and large; has been thoroughly repaired; con-
sists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with S porch and brick-
tower; and contains an oak screen of the loth century,
two handsome memorial windows of 1851 to the family
of LjTies, and several monumental memorials. There
are chapels for Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists,
a large national school, an alms-house with £S a-year,
and other charities £22. — The sub-district contains also
fourteen other parishes. Acres, 26,585. Pop., 5,413.
Houses, 1,169.
LITCII BO ROUGH, a \-illage and a parish in Towces-
ter district, Northampton. The village stands 3 miles
S of AVeedon r. station, and 5 N\V of Towcester; was
anciently a fortified town, called Lycanburgh ; and was
taken by the Saxous in 571. The parish comprises
1,704 acres; and its post-town is Weedon. Real pro-
perty, .£3,482. Pop., 449. Houses, 111. The property
is subdivided. The manor belongs to W. Blake, Esq.
The living is a rectory iu the diocese of Peterborough.
Value, £564.* Patron, the Rev. W. A. Taylor, the
church is ancient; was repaired iu 1842; consists of
nave, S aisle, and chancel, with W tower; and contains
an altar-tomb to Sir John Needham. There are a Baprist
chapel, an endowed school with £30 a-year, and charities
uearlv .£170.
LITCHFIELD, a parish in Kingsclere district, Hants;
near the Roman way from Silchester, 3A miles N of
Whitchurch r. station. Post-town, Whiti-hurcli, under
Jlicheldever Station. Acres, 1,806. Real propeitj-,
£1,646. Pop., 102. Houses, 20. The property belongs
to W. Kingsniill, Esq, The living is a rectory in the
diocese of Winchester. Value, £347.* Patron, W.
Kingsmill, Esq. The church is Norman, and has a
tower.
LITCHFIELD, a place 3} maes ESE of V.Tiitchurcli.
in Hants.
LITCHURCII, a village and a towu-ship in Derby-St.
Peter parish, Derbyshire. The vilLige stands on the S
border of the township, 14 mile ESE of Derby; is a new
and rapidly increasing place; and his .several Large iron-
works and foundries. The township is all suburban to
Derby; contains the town's r. starion, audits arboretum;
and has acquired great recent increase of population, in
connexion with the railway traffic, and from other causes.
Real property, £1,013,340; of which £996,643, are on
the Midland railway. Pop. in 1851, 1,720; in 1861,
6,560. Houses, 1,350, The Derbyworkhou.se is here;
and, at the census of 1861, had 222 inmates.
LITHERLAND, a township, a chapelry, and a sub-
district in Sefton parish, West Derby district, Lanca-
shire, The township lies on the co.ast, on the Southport
and Liverpool railway, and on the Leeds and Liverpool
canal, 4^ miles N by W of Liverpool; and contains the
hamlet of Seaforth and a portion of Waterloo, each of
which has a station on the railway and a post-officej
under Liverpool. Acres, 1,914; of which 755 are water.
Real property, £19,961. Pop. in 1851, 2,252; in 1861,
3,632. Houses, 597. The increase of pop. arose from
proximity to the harbour of Liverpool, and to the exten-
sion of tiade there. The manor belongs to the Earl of
Sefton; and much of the land, to him, and to the Right
Hon. W. E. Gladstone. Seaforth Hall and .^eaforth
House are chief residences; but a gre.nt many fine nllas
are in Seaforth and Waterloo, and command ciiarming
views of the Mersey. — The chajelry was constituted
in 1842, and includes but a porrion of the townsliip;
the rest of which is in the two ohar.elries of Wa-
terloo. The liring is a p. curacy in the diocese of Ches-
ter. Value, £87.* Patron, the Rector of Sefton. The
church is a handsome structure of white stone; and con-
sists of nave, aisles, transepts, and chancel, vrith tower
and spire. There is a national school. — The sub-district
contains all the township, and also five other to^vTiships
of Sefton. Acres, 6,269. Pop., 5,084. Houses, 836.
LITHERSKEW, a hamlet in High Abbotside town-
ship, Aysgarth parish, N. R. Yorkshire; 7.^ miles NW
of Hawes.
LITHWELL, or Ludwell, a hamlet, formerly a cha-
pelry, in Dawlish parish, Devon; 3 miles NW of Tcign-
mouth. The ruins of the chapel still exist; and a well,
covered with a slab of granite, is among them. A le-
gend says that a priest here, in the 16th century, way-
laid and murdered travellers on a neighbouring heath,
hoarded the money which he found en tliem beueatli the
altar of the chapel, and threw their bodies into the well.
LITLINGTON. See Littlingto.v.
LITTLE ABINGTON, &c. See Abixctox, &c.
LITTLEBOROUGH, a village and a chapelry in
Rochdale parish, Lancashire. The. village stands on the
river Roch, the Rochdale canal, the Lancashire and York-
shire railway, and the Roman road to York, at the foot
of Blackstone-Edge, 3 miles NE of Rochdale; is suppcsed,
from its position on the Roman road, and from tlie dis-
coveiy of some Iviniau antiquities in its neighbourhood, to
stand on or near the site of a Roman station; is a largo
place sharing in the raanuiactures of Rcjchdale, and
practically a suburb of that town; and has a raihvav-sta-
tion vrith telegraph, and a j'ost-ofhou^; undur ^Manchester.
The chapelry contains also the hamlets of Gale, Shore,
Durn, Featiu-rstall, Rake, ChelLuni, Smithy Bridge,
Calder Brook, Summit, Whitelees, Lane.side, and Sladea.
Pop. in 1861, 4,800. Jluch of the surface is a fine val-
ley, gemmed with mansions and \'ina3. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Manchester. Value, £300.*
Patron, the Vicar of Rochdale. The church succeeded
LITTLEBOKOUGII.
53
LITTLEMOOn.
in aaci^n': o-*. whdch l-tlonyeJ to AVhallt^y abbey; is a
c:.>i-73 eiiii;; and coiisisU of nave, with tower and
ST.lre. Tb.-re arc eli.»[>eL5 for ^yesleyans, United Free
iirtaod-s'-j, i-il others, an endowed school, and a na-
LilTLKCi^HOUGH. a parish in East Retford dis-
trict, Notts; on the river Trent, at the boundary with
LinL-oln, 2 ii-C-s NXt) of Cottatnr. station, and 8i E by
>' of Ziit Lrford. Post-town, Ketford. Acres, 200.
Ecal proj-srrr. i^o?. Pop., BO. Houses, 15. The
prvT-rrtT ii -iivided araoug three. The manor belongs
to G. s. Fo".;3mbe, Es"]. The Roman station Angelo-
c^:^^ or Srgrlacum, was here ; and Roman altars, urns,
ciins, and traces of laildiugs have been found. A not-
able ferrv ov-r the Treat also was anciently and long
here. The Zving is a p. curacy in the diocese of Lin-
cola. Vahr, £65. Patron, G. S. Foljambe, Esq. The
churea L> Ncnnan and good.
LITTLESOCRN, a village and a parish in Biidge
district, Ke:.:. The village stands on a branch of the
river Sronr, adjacent to Lee Priorj-, li nule NNE of
&sakss"!>oiin: r. starion, and 4 E of Canterbiu-y; con-
dsts of a TT'-in street and a cros.> one; and has a post-
jSce naier Sandwich, and a fair on 5 July. The par-
bhc--jE2r'rii.es 2,102 acres. Real propertj', £5,022. Pop.,
757. Koui»3, 165. The property is subdivided. The
jiiiHiT UloL^ed anciently to the abbey of St. Augustine,
and to an Italian monastery. Ellbridge House is the
£c-.i; of l>. L'enne, E^. The living is a vicarage in the
dioo«c of Caiiteriiu-y. Value, i240.« Patrons, the
Peai and Coapter of Canterbury. The church is early
Znglish; c~;ffiprises nave, aisles, and chancel ; and con-
tains moiii:2ient3 of the Dennes. There is a paroclual
LITTLE BO'^'DEN, kc See Bowdex, &o.
LITTLEjURY. a village and a parish in Saffron-
VT;;! ien 'ii-trict, Essex. The ■i-illage stands on the river
Ci^i, i.-'i oa an raicient Roman road, adjacent to the
El- tern C;:Lnti?s railway, 2 miles N of Audley-End r.
etatloa, sn-i 2 "SV of Satl'ron- Waldeu; and has a post-
cScc ua i-iT Siifnoa-'Walden. The parish contains also
the liamkt of Littlebury-Green, and comprises 2,300
acr-rs. V.r-A projcrty, £5,238. Pop., 974. Houses,
13L Tie property is divided among a few. The man-
or lelo'-iCri, in the 9:h centurj-, to a monastery in the
IsIt of Elv: was given, by Queen Elizabeth, to Sutton,
ta- fou^id^r of the Charterhouse; and passed to the Earls
of B.-iitoL The liriiis; is a vicarage in the diocese of
Rchtttcr. Value, £205.* Patron, the Bishop of Ro-
ch-rste-. The church stands within the area of a Roman
caicp: is vf cocsiderable antiquity, plain and good; con-
sists of n^Te, aislrs, and chancel, witli a tower; and eon-
tains four braises, from 1520. A chapel stood formerly
at Chapel-Green, about 2 mUes from the church. There
are an" cl lowed school with £75 a-year, and charities
£33. T.'iiLit^nley. who buUt the first Eddystone light-
Lots-'. at.-i perished in it, was a native.
L11TLEBCRY- GREEN, a hamlet in Littlcbury
parish, E-sex; iV mile SW of Littlcbury vOlagc. It
Wis f.-rrntriv cail-nl Stretley-Green.
L1TTI.EBU.S3Y, &c. Pee Bosby, &c.
LITTLS COMilON, a hamlet in Ecclesall-Bierlow
to-;«Tish:t-, Sheffield parish, W. R. Yorkshire; i\ miles
S\V of .-ieffield.
LITTLE COilPTON, &c. See Compto.v, &c.
LITiLECOTE, a hamlet in Stewkley parish, Bucks;
ii niii-s .SE of Viinslow.
'LITTLECOTT, a tything in Enford parish, "Wilts; on
the rivcT Kenn-:, 3^ miles N\V' of Hungerford. Pop.,
52 Lr.'.'.-cott Park belonged to tin' DajTi-lls or Darells;
au'l tviso-.l, in the time of Elizabeth, to thn Pophams.
Th^ :r.j:i3ioa wxs buUt, in the IStli century, by the Day-
nVLS; 2^1 te:!iains almost unaltered. Tiie great hall
laexunrri 4o i-'.l by 21, and is hung with cross-bows,
Lt!3-ie.-i:;a3, s:e»:l caps, and otlicr armour of Cromwell's
<.3Mi'e:-,-; the jailer}" Li UO feet long, and contains family
i«r:ra:t4. incl'iding those of .ludge Po|iham and Ni'll
(^a-y-ja; ;ir:otuer apirtm'.-nt contains the chair of .Tudi,'o
P.jTiii.iin aula curi.ins in>lrniii.Mit of toi tare called tli.;
fiugor-stocks; and another contidns a piece of needle-
work representing a tesselated Roman pavement, wliieli
was found in the park in 1730, measured 41 feet by 33,
and exhibited a variety of decorated devices. A strange
story, respecting a barbauus infunticido, is associated
with the house at the time of the Daj-rells, and with sonu«
extant features in it; ami has been told by Aubrej", by
Scott in a note to " Rokeby," and by many others.
William of Orange stopped at the house in December
16S3, when negotiating with James II. at Uungerford.
Pickedtield, which belonged to the Littlecott domain,
was purch.ised by government, in 1803, for the l'';rming
of an Ordnance depot; but it was repurchased, after :i
time, by General Popham; and the magazines, store-
houses, and other buildings erected on it, were taken
down.
LITTLE COWARNE, &c. See Cow.vrne, &c.
LITTLEDALE, a hamletchapelry in Caton-with-
Littledale township, Lancaster pari.sh, Lancashire; on an
afiluent of the river Lune, 2i miles SSE of Caton r. sta-
tion, and 6 E by N of Lancaster. Post-town, Caton,
under Lancaster. Rated property, £1,043. Pop., 93.
The property is divided among a few. The living is a.
p. curacy in the diocese of Manchester. Value, £48:
Patron, the Vicar of Lancaster. Tlie church was built
in 1755. There is a dissenting chapel.
LITTLE DEAN, &c. See De.^.v, &c.
LITTLEFIELD, a hundred in the lathe of Aylesford,
Kent; bounded, on the "W and the N, by Wrothani
hundred,— on the E, by Twyford, — on the S, by Twy-
ford and Wrotham. Acres, 7,315. Pop. in 1851, 3,711.
Houses, 708.
LITTLEFIELD, a place 3.| miles N\V of Guildford,
in Surrey.
LITTLE FINBOROUGH, &o. See Fin-borough, &c:
LITTLEHAM, a parish, with a village, in Bideford
district, Devon; on the river Yeo, immediately above its-
influx to the Torridge, 2 miles S of Bideford town andr.-
station. Post-town, Bideford. Acres, 1,250. Real
property, £1,853. Pop., 403. Houses, 79. The manor
was held by the Conqueror's wife, ^latilda; and passed
to the Stapletons, the Butlers, the St. Legers, the
Bassetts, and others. Tlio jiarish is noted for the brew-
ing of App's ale. The living is a rectory in the diocesi;
of Exeter. Value, .i-JOS.* Patrons, the Rev. J. L, Hard-
ing and Jliss Anthony. The church was built about
loUO; is in good condition; lias a square tower; and
contams very line polished oak carving. There are u
Wesleyan chapel and a parochial school.
LITTLEHAM, a village and a parish in St. Thoma-,-
district, Devon. Tlie vill.age stands on the coast, 2
miles E of Exmouth r. station; and is a small, scattered,
secluded place. — The parisli contains also the greater
part of the town of Exmouth. Post-town, Exmouth,
Devon. Acres, 3,651; of which C40 are water. Real
property, £15,734; of which £57 arc in quarries, and
£23 in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 4,150; in 1861, 3,904.
Houses, 801. Pop., exclusive of Exmouth, in 1851,
261; in 1861, 243. Houses, 52. The manor belonged
formerly to the Earls of Devon, and belongs nr.w to the
Hon. Mark Rolle. The living is a vicarage, united with
the chapelry of Exmontli, in the diocese of Exeter.
Value, £184.* Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of
Exeter. The church is ancient and very good; consists
of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a tower; and contains
a good screen. There are a chapel of exse, a dissenting
chapel, and an endowed national school in Exmouth; and
there are charities about £14.
LITTLE H.\MPI)EN, &c. See II.\mi'di;s-, &c.
LITTLE MILL, a railway station in Northumberland;
on the Northeastern railway, between Long Houghton
and Christen- Bank.
LITTLE MlLl'O.N, &c. See Milton, &c.
LTTTLEMOOR, or Littlemoiu;, a hamlet in Ifiley
parish, and a liberty and a chapelry partly also in Ox-
ford-St. Mary-the-Virgin parish, (Oxfordshire.. The ham-
let lies near the river 'Tliames, the boundary with Berks,
and the Oxford branch of the Great Western railway, 2i
miles SSE of Oxford; arid has a station on tiie railway.
LITTLEMOSS.
54
LITTLETO>"- PAN XELL.
and a post-office uuder Oxford. The liberty comprises
1,090 acres. Real property, £1,798. Pop. of the Iffley
prtion, in 1S51, 211,— in 1861, 234; of the Oxford-St.
M. portion, in 1851, 733,— in 1861, 892. Houses, 43
ind 87. The lunatic asylum for Oxfordshire and Berks
is here; and, at the census of 1S61, had 516 inmates.
The chapelry was constituted in 1847, and is conter-
minate with the liberty. The living is a p. curacy in
the diocese of Oxford. "Value, £180.* Farron, alter-
nately Oriel College, Oxford, and C. Crawley, Esq. The
church is a modern edifice, in the early English style;
consists of nave and highly ornate chancel, vnth. a tower;
and was built and long served by the Rev. Dr. Newman.
There is a national school. A benedictine nunnery was
founded here in the time of Henry II.; and was given,
at the dissolution, to Cardinal Wolsey.
LITTLEMOSS, a village in the Audenshaw division
of Ashton-under-Lyne parish, Lancashire.
LITTLE MUNDEN, &c. See Munden, &c.
LITTLEOVER, a village and a township-chapelry in
Mickleover parish, Derbyshire. The village stands near
Ryknield-street, 2 miles SW by "W of Derby; is a strag-
gling place; and has a post-office under Derby. The
chapelry includes the village, and extends into the
country. Real property, £4,333. Pop. in 1851, 551 ;
in 1861, 604. Houses, 131. The property is much sub-
divided. The living is a p. curacy in tbe diocese of Lich-
field. Value and patron, not reported. The church is
old; was restored in 1858; consists of nave, S aisle, and
chancel, with a belfry; and contains a handsome monu-
ment to Sir Richard Harpur.
LITTLE PACKINGTON, &c. See Packixgton, &c.
LITTLEPORT, a village, a parish, and a sub-dLstrict
in Ely district, Cambridge. The village stauds on the
Old Croft river, near its influx to the Ouse, adjacent to
the East Anglian railway, 5 miles NNE of Ely; is a large
place, with several streets ; and has a station with tele-
{^aph on the railway, and a post-office + under Ely. — The
parish comprises 16,136 acres. Real property, £23,831.
Pop. in 1851, 3,832; in 1861, 3,723. Houses, 824. The
property is divided chiefly among eight. The manor be-
longs to the Earl of Hardwick. All the surface, except
about 800 acres, is fen. The land has been very greatly
enhanced in value by slulful draining, and by the system
of claying. Seventy-five wind-engines were used for
effecting the drainage prior to the introduction of steam
power; and two steam engines, each of about 80 horse-
power, were afterwards employed. The lining is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Ely. Value, £1,800.* Patron, the
Bishop of Ely. The church is fine early English; was
enlarged, in 1857, by the addition of a double nave and
aisle; has a lofty tower, which figures conspicuously to
a great distance; and contains nearly 1,000 sittings.
There are chapels for Calvinists, Baptists, Wesleyans,
and Primitive Methodists; a large national school, a
neat brick edifice, attended by nearly 300 children; and
charities, of various kinds, about £400. ^The sub-dis-
trict contains also Ely-Westmoor Fen, Downham parish,
and parts of three other parishes. Pop., C,968. Houses,
1,306.
LITTLE PRESTON, &-c. See Prestox, &c.
LITTLETHORPE, a hamlet in Cosby and Narborough
parishes, Leicestershire; on the river Soar, 5i miles S\V
by S of Leicester. Acres, about 500. Pop. ,"334. The
manor belongs to VT. Herrick, Esq.
LITTLETHORPE, a village in Whitclifl"e-with-Thorpe
township, Ripon parish, W. R. Yorkshire; on the rrver
Ure, li mile SSE of Ripon. The makinje of bricks and
tiles is largely carried on.
LIT'I'LE THURLOW, &c. See Thurlow, &e.
LITTLETON, a township, witli a small village, in
Christleton parish, Clu-shire; on the Crewe railway, 2
miles E of Chester. Acres, 257. Real propf^rty, £851.
Pop., 66. Houses, 11. Littleton Hall is the seat of T.
Di.xon, Esq. ; and stauds on an eminence, overlooking
Chester.
LITTLETON, a parish in Winchester distri.-t, Hants;
S'i miles N\V by N of Winchester. Post-town, Win-
chester. Acres, 1,293. Real property, £1,378. Pop.,
109. Houses, 25. The property is divided among a
few. Many i-aee-horses ai-e trained here; .ind tlic stables
for them are extensive. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of Winchester. Value, £76. Patrons, tlie Dean
and Chapter of Winchester. The church is Norman and
good.
LITTLETON, a parish in Staines district, .Middlese.T-,
near the river Thames, at the boundary with Surrey,
opposite Chertsey, and 3 miles SE of Staines r. .station.
It has a post-office under Chertsey. Acres, 1,060. Real
property, £1,630. Pop., 111. Houses, 20. Nearly all
the property, with Littleton House, belongs to General
Wood. The living is a rectory in the dioce.se of London.
Value, £320.* Patron, General AVood. The church is
early English, and contains a bra.ss of 1553 and some
monuments.
LITTLETON, a hamlet in Compton-Dundon parish,
Somerset; Ik mile N of Somertoa. Real property,
£1,065. Pop., 68.
LITTLETO.V, a tythiug in Dundry parish, Somerset;
54 miles SW of Bristol.
LITTLETON, a hamlet in Wellow parish, Somereot;
1 mile S of Wellow village.
LITTLETON, a tything in Steeple-Ashton parish,
Wdts; on the Kennet and Avon canal, 2 miles SSE of
Melksham. Pop., 52. Houses, 10.
LITTLETON-DREW, or LiTTLEToy-Sr. Andrew, a
parish in Chippenham district, Wilts; on Akeman-sti'eet,
adjacent to Glouce.ster, 8 miles NW of Chippenham town
and r. station. Post-town, Chippenham, .\cres, 971.
Real property, £1,411. Pop., 233. Houses, 46. Tho
property is divided among a few. The manor belongs to
the Duke of Beaufort X large barrow, with three stones
of a fallen cromlech on the top, is about a mile from the
church. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Glouces-
ter and Bristol. Value, £180. Patron, the Bishop of
Gloucester and Bristol. The church was rebuilt in
1856.
LITTLETON (H[Gh\ a \-illage and a parish in Glutton
district, Somerset. The village stands 84 miles SW by
W of Bath r. station, and is considerable. — The parish
contaijis also the liaiolet of H.Jlatrow, which has a posl-
oflioe under Bristol. . Acres, 1,273. Real property,
£4,223. Pop., 860. Houses, 179. High Littlotoi^
House is the seat of John R. Mogg, Esq. ; Kingwell
House, of Capt. Scobell; and Mouutvale, of Jolm E.
Scobell, Esq. Coal is largely worked. The living is a
vicarage in tlie dioco.se of Bath and Wells. Value, £120.*
Patron, the Rev. H. ilogg. The church was restored
and enlarged in 1S24, and again in 1842; comprises nave,
aisles, and chancel, with a fine tower; and contains monu-
ments of the 15th century to the Hodges family. There
are national schools, and charities £15.
LITTLETON-MANOR, a quondam parish in Bland-
ford district, Dorset; 1 mile SSE of Blandford-Forum.
The living of it was a rectory; and the last rector was in-
ducted in 1427.
LITTLETON (Middle), a village in Xortli Jliddletoii
parish, Worcester; 3J miles NE by N of Evesham r.
station.
LITTLETON (North), a village and a parish in Eves-
ham district, Worcester. The village stands nesir the
river Avon, on the E verge of the county, 4 miles NE by
N of Evesham r. station. — The parish contains also the
village of Middle Littleton; and it has a post-office, of
the name of Littleton, under Evesham. Acres, 1,610.
Re.al ])roperty, £2,753; of which £20 aro in quarries.
Pop., 303. Houses, 72. 'ITie property is divided among
a few. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the p. cura-
cy of South Littleton, in tlie diocese of Wcircester. The
church stands at Middle-Littleton; ranges from Norm.in
to later English; and was recently in bad condition. The
shaft of an ancient cross is in the church-yar<l; and a
large ancient building, once a tithe-bam of Evesham
abiiey, is near the chuich. There is a national schooL
LITTLETON-PANXELL, a tything, with a village,
in West Lavington parish, Wilts; 5 miles SSW of Devizes.
The village v.as once a market-toivn. Real property of
the t>-thing, £2,135. Pop., 615. Houses 144. Tlio
LITTLETON.
55
Lirrux.
sunor belctag^i formerly to tlie Fiiganells, and belongs
n-'.r :.i Lorl KaJnor.
LITTLETOX-liT. ANDREW. See LiTTLETOX-Dr.r.w.
LITTLETON (.^OITH), a parish, with a Tillage, in
r.vcsL.iin diiirict, AVcrcester; near the river Avon, 3 miles
NE by X of Evesi.aui r. station. ro.^t-to\vn, Evesham.
AcresI Sil. F.eal property, £1,73G. Pop., 204. Hou'ses,
(0. The pn:perty is divided among a few. The li\iug
is a p. curacy, united with the p. curacy of North Little-
t'-.n, ;n the diocese 01 Wori-eitur. Value, £25?.* Patron,
Chriit Church, Oxiord. The cUui'ch ranges from Norman
dc WE-.vards, and was recently in a very dilapidated condi-
tion. TLe :ase of an ancient cross is in the churchyard.
UTTLETON-UPON-SEVERN, a parish in Thora-
Lory dLitricT. Gloucester; on the river Severn, 3 miles
V," of Thomburj', and 4\ NNE of New Passage r. station.
Post-toTTO, Aiuiondsbury, under Bristol. Acres, 1,60.5;
of wiiicb. Of-O are wa:er. Real property, £1,703; of which
£15 are in nsheri&s. Pop., 105. Houses, 41. Thepro-
j.trtj is divided among a few. The manor and most of
the land b-long to K. C. Lippincott, Esq. The living is
a rectory in the dic«:ese of Gloucester and Bristol. Va-
lue, £5-.* Patron, R. C. Lippincott, Esq. Tlie church.
is early Enc'ish, in good condition; consists of nave, aisle,
and chauccl, with porch and tower; and has a Norman
font.
LITTLETON (West), a parish in Chipping-Sodbury
'ILsTTiJt, G'.oucestcr; among the Cotswolds, adjacent to
AVilu, 2 iniles NW of Marshfield, and 6 E of Mangots-
fieid r. station. Post-town, Slarshfield, under Chippen-
ham. Acres, 1,C;'3. Rated propert)-, £1,242. Pop.,
120. Hoit3«s, 2?. The projierty is sub<livided. The
inaiior belcngs to the Duke of Beaufort. The living is a
r. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Tormarton, in the
«iicces« of Gloucester and Bristol. The church is ancient;
wa.s repaired and enlarged in 1855; and has a curious
tiell-tcrret. or small tower, surmounted by a snire.
LITTLE TOPvRlXGTON, &c. See Torkixgtox, &c.
LITTLF.TOWN, a hamlet in Liversedge tovniship,
Biijtall jtarish, W. Pu Yorksliiie; 3{ miles NWof Dews-
l':;rv.
LITTLE WHELNETH.Yil, &c. S.-e AVhelneth.vm,
fcc.
LITTLEWICE - GREEN, a hamlet in Hurley and
Vs'jite-'W.-.ltham parishes, Berks; 3} miles W of !Maiden-
1 ad. I: has an Independent chapel.
LITTLEVy'INSOR, a t},-thing in Broadwinsor parish,
il.-irs*:!: Sf miles NW of Beamiuster.
LITTLEWOKTiT, a village and a chapelry in Great
Fjringltn. pari=h, Berks. The village stamls 2 miles
NE of Fjringdon tov.n and r. station. The chapelry
contains also the hamlets of Thrupp and Wadley; and
ic was coastitut<-d in 1S43. Post-town, Faringdon. Pop.,
'^j7. Houses, 64. T\*adley House is the scat of T. il.
Good:ak;, Esq., and ha^ a fine park. The liWng is a p.
curacy in the di.jcese of O.xfovd. Value, £75. Patron,
the Kiilijp of Oxford. The church is modem and plain.
LITTLE WORTH, a hamlet in Stone parish, Bucks;
2 r.'.ues SW of Avlosbnrv. Pop., 20.
LITTLEWORTH, a "hamlet in Wing jiansh, Bucks;
3J niil-rs SW of LeightoO'Buzzard. Pop., 90.
LITTLEWORTH, an extra-parochial tract in the dis-
trict ai;i county of Gloucester; adjacent to Gloucester
' ity, aid wirhm Gloucester borough. Real propei'ty,
.r:2,09>. Pop., 501. Houses, 78.
LITiLEWOP.TII, a tything in Rodborough parish,
Gloncestrr; 4 lailes S of Stroud. It has a post-office
i:ndtr .^rroud, and a Wesleyaii chapel. Pop., 501.
LITTLEWCiRTH, ahamletin Minchinhumpton parisli,
Gloi:ce.-:er: contiguous to thr; Littleworth tytliing of
R.ylb ir'.tigh, ! 1 mile NW of ilinchinhampton.
^ LITTLEWORTH, a niihvay station and a parish in
the S r.i Lincolnshire. Tlie station is on tlic Pcter-
li.jroiivh and Ii.jSto:i branch of tlie Great Northern rail-
\v.iy, :,'i riile.s SSW of SiviMing.— The parish bears the
j;ames a!.?o of Deeping-Fen and I)oeping-St. Nicholas;
and i!i> Ven noticed under the fnnner of these names.
LITTT.EWORTH, a humht in Greens-Norton parish,
Northampton; 1 mile NW of 'JN^wccster. Poji., 13.
LITTLEWORTH, a hamlet in Horsepath parish, Ok-
fordshire; 4} miles ESE of Oxford. :
LITTLEWORTH, a hamlet in Budbrooke parisl-.,
Warwickshire; near Warwick.
LITTLEWORTH, a \-illage in Monk-Bretton town-
ship, Roystoue parish, W. R. Vorkshire; IJ mile NE of
Barnesley.
LITTLEWORTH-DliOVE, a cut in Dceping-Fen; in
a uorth-north-easterly directiom, past the vicinity of
Littleworth r. station.
LITTLE-AVRATTING, &e. See WR.vrriNG, &c.
LITTLINGTON, a village and a parish in tlie distri.t
of Royston and county of Cambridge. The villLige
st.ands 3 miles N of Icknicld-sti-eet at the boundary with
Herts, 3 S of the Roman-road to Cambridge, 3 NE of
Ashwell r. station, and 3^ NW of Royston; and has a
post-otfice under Royston. — The parish comprises 2,093
acres. Real property, £3,604. Pop. in 1351, 790; in
1861, 693. Houses, 152. The decrease of pop. arose
from emigration. The property is divided among a few.
The manor of fluutingfield belongs to G. E, Foster, Esq.;
and that of Dovesdales, to Mrs. G. F. Pigott. Limloe
hill is a remarkable barrow on hills within the parish;
and a Roman station is supjjosed to have been in the
near vicinity. Upwards of 200 sepulchral urns, and
other funereal vessels, were found, in. 1821, by the side
of the Roman road, at a short distance from Limloe hill.
The most remarkable of these are preserved in the Fitz-
wilham museum, Cambridge ; and they form the most
numerous and perfect collection of their kind that has
ever been discovered in Britain. The spot where they
were found had, from time immemorial, been called
"Heaven's Walls," and is said to have been regarded
with a degree ot supersititious dread. It was a rect-
angular space of 114 feet by 84, enclosed by old walls,
which had given rise to its name; and it proved to be a
fine example of a Roman cemetery, for burning and biuy-
ing the dead. At the SE and SW corners were two
heaps of wood ashes, as much as would have loaded five
carts; and were undoubtedly the remains of funeral pilos.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Ely. Value,
£141. Patron, Clare College, Cambridge. The church
is early English, in good condition; consists of nave,
aisles, and chancel, with ]iorch and tower; and contains
an old gravestone, with Norman-French inscription, to
the memoiy of Robert de St. Alban. Tliere are a re-
cently erected Independent chapel, a Primitive Method-
ist chapel, a national school of 1865, and charities £17.
LITTLINGTON, a parish iu Eastbourne district, Sus-
sex; on the river Cuckmere, 3 miles S of Berwick r.
station, and 5 WNW of Eastbourne. It has a post-office
under Lewes. Acres, 893. Real property, £856. Pop.
in 1851, 105; in 1861, 134. Houses, 27. The property
is divided among a few. The living is a rectoiy in the
diocese of Chichester. Value, £105.* Patrons, the
Trustees of the late Rev. T. Scutt. The church is good.
LITTON, a hamlet in Tideswell parish, Derby; | of a
mile E of TidesweU. It has a post-office under Sheffield.
Real property, £3,613; of which £10 are in quarries.
Pop., 974. Houses, 177. The manor belongs to Lord
Scarsdale. Some of the inhabitants are emjiloyed in
stocking-weaving, and some in lead mines. There are
chapels for Wesleyans and Primitive Slethodists. Bag-
shaw, " the apostle of the Peak," was a native.
LITTON, a village and a parish in Clntton district,
Somerset. The village stands 3 miles SW of Glutton,
and G\ NNE of Wells r. station. — The parish contains
also the hamlets of Greendown and Sherboni; and its
])Ost-town is Stratton-on-the-Fosse, under Bath. Acres,
1,117. Real propert}-, .£2,517. Pop., iu 1S51, 421; iu
1861, 313. Houses, aj. The decrease of pop. arose from
the removal of about 200 persons, who were temporarily
employed in erecting the Bristol water-works. The pro-
perty is subdivided. The manor belongs to General
Lowth. Lillycouibe is the seat of C:apt.\rohn RcndalL
The resei-voirs of the Bristol water-works are j.artly in
this parish, and partly in tluit of Hinton-Blowcit. Tlie
living is a rectory in the diocese of liath ami Wells. Value,
£2.".0.* Putrou, the Bishop of Bath and Well.~. Tlu
LITTON.
SG
LIVERPOOL.
church is later English; was erecleJ in 1185; consists of
nave, aisles, auci chancel, with a tower; and was reported
in 18.VJ as not good. Cliarities, £13.
LITTON, a township, in Arnclitfe parish, ^V. P. York-
shire: in Littondale vaUoy, down to the river 'Whavfe,
and 9i miles NNE of Settle. Acres, 4,400. Real pro-
perty, £1,603. Pop., 93. Houses, 20. The manor be-
longs to the Hon. ^^dra. Ramsden.
LITTOX AND CASCOB, a township in Presteigne
and Cascob parishes, Radnor; on the river Lug, 3| miles
WNW of Presteigne. Acres, 1,20S. Real property,
£962. Pop., 90. Houses, 15. Pop. of tlie Presteigne
portion, 54. Houses, 9.
LITTON-CHENEY, a village and a parish in Brid-
port district, Dorset. The village stands 4 miles SE of
Powerstock r. station, and 54 E by S of Bridport; was
once a market-to^vn ; and has a post-otSce ujider Dor-
chester. The palish contains also the hamlets of Nether
Coombe, Higher Egerton, Ashby, and Stancombe.
Acres, 3,817. Real property, £4,713. Pop., 501.
Houses, 99. The property is divided among a few.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Silisbuiy. Value,
£800.* Patron, Exeter College, O.xford. The church is
ancient and good, with a tower; and contains an ancient
font, a monument of the DawbeiTy family, and several
brasses. There are an endowed school with £25 a-year,
and charities £7.
LITTONDALE. See Litton, VT. R. Yorkshire.
LlVERMERE-ilAGNA, a village and a parish in
Thincoe district, Suffolk. The village stan'ls 34 miles
W by N of Ixworth, and 5 NNE of Bury St. Edmunds
r. station; andh;ts a post-office under Buiy St. Edmunds.
The parish comprises 1,549 acres. Real property, £1,951.
Pop., 290. Houses, 64. The manoi, with Livermere
HaU, belonged to the Duke of Grafton ; passed to the
Cokes, the Actons, and Admiral Sir G. N. Broke iliddle-
ton, Bart; and belongs now to Miss Broke. The Hall
is a handsome edifice ; was built by the Duke of Grafton;
and stands in a fine park, which extends into Livermerc-
Parva, and is traversed by a tine stream. Th« living is
1 rectory, united v.ith the rectory of Livennere-Parva, in
the diocese of Ely. Value, £443.* Patron, Sliss Broke.
The chm-ch is a small thatched building, with a tower.
There is a town estate for poor widows, yielding about
£39 a-year.
LIVERMERE-PARVA, a parish in Thiugoe district,
Suffolk; 4 mUes WNW of Ixworth, and 54 NNE of
Bury St. Edmunds r. station. Post-town, Livermere-
Magna, under Bury St. Edmunds. Area, 1,433. Real
property, £2,361. Pop., 167. Houses, 30. The manor
belongs" to iliss Broke; and all the land, except one farm,
is in Livermere Park. The living is a rectory, annexed
to the rectory of Livcrmere-SIagna, in the diocese of Ely.
The church is a brick building, with a tower.
LIVERPOOL, a large seaport to\vn on the S verge of
[>ancashire; the second for population and for commerce
in England ; on the Mersey, opposite Birkenhead, near
the Mersey's mouth, 314 miles W by S of Manchester,
49.4 S by W of Lancaster, 74 SW of Leeds, and 202
NW of London. Aa reganls poor-law administra-
tion, it Ls couterrainate with Liverpool parish; as re-
gards borough government and parliamentary franchise,
it includes also Everton and Kirkdale townships, part of
"West Derby parish, and part of Toxteth-Park extra-par-
ochial tract; and as regards edificed continuity, or sub-
urban appendages, it further includes Bootle-cum-Lin-
acre township, much of the rest of AValton-on-the-Hill
parish, part of .Sefton parish, the eastern or beyond-
borough portions of We-.t Derby parish, parts of Chihl-
wall parish, and all tlie beyond-borough portions of Tox-
tetli-Park. It also, in a large seuse, as regards at once
contiguity of position, community of interests, and iu-
tijrcour.i j of populatiuu, might be undci-stood as includ-
ing Birkenhead and other pl.ices on the Cheshire side of
the Mersey, villages beyond Bootle on the coast, and
villages beyond Toxti'th-Park on and near the Mersey.
Some parts within its borough bouudaries have separate
names, and in some respects separate belongings of their
o'>\-n; au'! all tliese i>arts, us well as all others beyond the
borough boundaries, are separately noticed in their re-
spective alphabetical places.
Histirry.- — A creek or pool of the ifersey, around which
the original nucleus of the town stood, had a tidal flow
in the direction of what is now ParudLie-streel; under-
went encroachment and much change in the course of
the town's progress; was partly converted into the first
wet dock of the port in 1700; was finally all obliterated,
by the filling up of that dock, in 1831; and is now the
site of the custom-house, the post-office, and the revenue
buildings. This pool and the adjacent sea most proba-
bly gave rise to the name Liverpool. The name was
formerly written LitheryKjole, Liderpole, Liferpole, Lithe-
pool, aud Liverpol; and it occurs, in the.^e various forms,
or in others nearly identical with them, so fitfully or in-
definitely in early documents, that a critic cannot say
which was the earliest form. The Either, the Lider, the
Lifer, the Lithe, and the Liver, seem to be only varieties of
spelling; and all probably were taken either from the old
Gothic word Lithe or Lide, signifying "the sea," or from
its derivatives Liter and Lid, signifying "a ship," or
Lithe, signifying "a fleet of ships. " The names Lither-
land, at the "Lancashire side of the mouth of tlie Mersey,
Lj'tham, at the mouth of the Ribble, Lithennore or
Livermore, in Sutlblk, and perhaps Leith, in Scotland,
appear to have been taken from the .same source. Yet
the name Liverpool has been the subject of much diil'er-
ence of opinion, and of much debate. One opinion
derives it from the family name of Lever, which is a
very ancient name in Lancashire. Another derives it
from the Welsh words L!er-pwll, signifpng " the place
on the pool;" asserts that the entire ifersey pstuaiy was
anciently called L_vrpul, LjTpoole, or Litherpoole ; and
alleges that the vulgar prommciation of the name by the
country people in the vicinity, Lerpool, represents the
true and ancient form of the n.ime. A third opinion
derives it from a plant, calle.l liver-wort, fu\uid on the
shore. And a fourth opinion, a verj- favourite one,
derives it from a kind of water- fowl, supposed to have
frequented the pool at the town, and to have been an-
ciently called lever or liver; and this opinion is sup-
ported by an appeal to the borough arms, the cre^t of
which is a bird, alleged to be the lever or liver. No
such bird as the lever, however, is known to exist in
nature; and the bird on the corporation seal, as given
in Gregson's "Fragments of the History of Lancashire,"
is nidely figured, presents no resemblance to any of the
aquatic species, was thought by Mr. Grcgson to repre-
sent an eagle, and may, like other symbols of heraldry
and ornament, have beea altogether a creature of the
imagination.
Tlie pool at the town is supposed by Baxter, in his
" Glossarium Anti(^uitatum Britanniearum," to have
been the Portus Segantiorum mentioned by Ptolemj';
but it is not viewed in any such light, or associated in
any way whatever with the Roman period, by any other
writer. Not a single Roman relic h.is ever been dis
covered in Liverpool; not a trace has been found of the
Romans having been ever here; aud not a vestige of
either station or military road exists or is recorded, to
show that they were ever in the neiglibourhood. AH
the surrounding tract, in as far as antiquarian ref^earch
has been able to ascertain, was, till considerably afte"
the Roman times, a thorough solitude, probably covered
by forest; and, if previously penetrated at all, was pene-
trated only by the ancient Druids; and came, at length,
to be partially opened by the during Scaudinavians wha
scoured the coasts of the Irish sea. The ilersey itself,
though believeil to have l>een the boundary between
Northumbria aud ilerciii, in both the Saxon and the
Danish times, figures very obscurely in eaiiy record, and
is first mentioned by its modern name, so late as 1004,
in a deed of King Ethelp.-d. The country between tho
ilers'-y and the Ribble, •"inter Ripam et Mersain," is
first mentioned in the same year, in tliy will of Wulfric
Sjiott, Earl of Mercia, Iwqueatliing it to his heirs, Elf-
hehne and Wulfage. Most of the manors around Liver-
pool were held, at the death of Edward the Confessor,
by thanes of the second or third class who paid a
LIVERrOOL.
57
LIVERPOOL.
couiinal rent to the Crowu; but tlic only one of them
RspT^^ticg waich we liave any definite information, is
tie m^inor of West D'irby aad its subordinate six bere-
>5i:k.s, ikhicQ are supjx/ScJ. to have been Liverpool, Ever-
ton, Gar>:on, TliLnyuall, Great Crosby, and part of
Warerrr-je. This luiiiior and these berewioks belonged
ijra w the Cro's-n, and were inhabited aud cultivated
bv 53 \"il]eins, C2 bordarii, 3 ploughmen, 6 herdsmen,
a'radiTjaa, 2 r.on-iinen, aud 3 bondwomeu. The amount
of their j-opulation, therefore, assuming all the men to
tare It-en heads of fimilies, could not liavu boeu more
than r.»-r»-een CCO and 700 ; and this proves that no
town, or even any very large village, was then within
their i-ounds. Domesday ))ook. must have taken note of
the six bcr^;\vicks, for a chief object of it was to provide
for ths! raising of a tax on all amble land; but it simply
iEcludes them in the manor of West Derby, — docs not
r.arae eitier Liverpool, Garston, Tliingwall or Crosby;
an.i, ihoa^h niEiing Everton, does not give its value.
The lo^aor of West Derby, together with all the rest of
the conntry berween the ilersey and the Ribble, was
Sivea, by Williaia the Conqueror, to Roger of Poictou;
and the l.mds of that manor aud of its sbc berewioks were
transferre-i bv R :-^r to eight Xonnan knights; yet they
OJariD-ae-i to be iTeld as one property, under successive
owners or lor^is. till so late as the time of Charles I.
John, Earl of >Ijrton, afterwards King John, was lord
of th?ni in his lime ; and the oldest extant document
•^^aich laeations Liverpo<Dl by name, is one of a date seem-
ingly 5on;e time between 11S9 and 1195, in which John
ccnfirms Henry Fitzwarine in the possession of five por-
tions of tie "West Derby manor.
A sTitf inent h.ij generally been made, on the authority
of O.mdea, that a castle was bnilt at Liverpool by Roger
of PoiotAi; but is entirely without evidence. The resi-
dence occupied by Roger was at West Derby, about i
iniles from Livenx-ol ; and even that was probably an
uz:oniSr.i edif.o-r,'or one not much fortified, and not a
C3.iae. Whatever great structure stood wthin the
mauor roust have descended to King John; and, while
a lis't of his castles is presei-ved in the record of his in-
saiTcction against his brother, and mentions among
others the castle of Lancaster, it is silent respecting any
c-astle at Liverwol. A belief was long current also that
a ch3Jter had' been given by Henry I., constituting
Livenool a borough; but no such charter exists, or seems
ever is kive exi-ted: and the only alleged evidence for
ii is a sl;,'ht corporation record nf l.'iSl, which is proved
to have :>ren a r'listake. Tlie real origin of tlie town ap-
j-rar? to have c.?curred in the time of King John, who
Tis;t.--1 Lancashire and Cheshire in the 7th year of liis
reigQ ; formed Tosteth Park, by enlarging of lands, aud
by s-ch euc!osu--e and decoration, as made it of princely
caaracter; is thofjght to have selected t!ie pool at the town
a.} the s::e of a port and a borough, highly favourable for
his enteroriies; is kno«-n to have expended large sums of
moncv on his cirtles in West Derbyshire; and most pro-
tub! v was the founder of a castle at Liverpool, which
c-^ra- into notice sora after his time, and was always
counecteJ with Toxteth Park. The castle stood where
St. C>.jrve's chTirch now stamis ; occupied all the ground
l<:wecn''St. Ge*jrge's-cresceut on the one side aud Pree-
iyjn's-rov.- on the o°her ; was of nearly iiuadrangular form,
with a circular tower at each corner; and w;is surrounded
by a moat, from 20 to 30 feet deep. The front facing up
•wiia; is now Castle-street measured lOS feet in width,
aiiu. wis defen I- 1 bv a very strong tower aud a gate-
house; the front facing down Lord-street, where the
Ca.?:le g-jjd=Ui and orchard were situated, was also lOS
fe«rt in vridlh; the front facing toward the i)Ool, where
t'..e ouiv and the landing-piace were situated, was HI
fe«-t ui -.v-dth; and tii-; front facing toward what is now
J:i;:;rt-.-,treet had a cov.;red v.ay down to the river, aud
•A-as 16-5 fee: in width. The ("ircumjacent "round was
lon^ o-^n on all sid-i>; and ;ts it sloped rapidly down to
the t-vj1 and the rive.-, it gave a grirriaon such command
ovjr thr':e-fo'^rths of the circuit as could not be resisted
bv 2 l)-sicging force. The castle was dismantled by
orier of Charles II., and the ruins of it were swept away
in the time of George T. ; but the substruction of one of
its towers was not long ago laid bare, and a part of its
moat was opened at the digging of the foundations of the
Kortii and South Wales bank. The deiith of the ditch
was then found to be about 20 feet below the present
level of the "-round; and it must have been much more
prior to tlic cutting away of the brow of the hiU.
A town instantly arose under protection of the castle;
received a charter from King John, in the 9th year of
his reigu; aud acnuired, from that charter, the right of
local courts of justice, the privilege of choosing its own
bailiffs, aud aU facilities requisite for commerce. The
original town exteiuled along the brow of the hill now
occupied by C;i3tle-strcet, the town-hall, tlie exchange
buildings, and Oldhall-street ; and was intersected by a
line of street, extending from the river-side to a bridge
which crossed the pool at the end of the present Dale-
street. The part of that line now called Water-street
was anciently called Bonke-street ; and the other part
of it was called Dale-street, and took that name
from its desceuiling rapidly into the dale in which the
pool lay. A lofty cross, called the High Cross, stood at
the intersection of the two main lines of street, on a spot
near the site of the present town-haU. Castle-street and
Oldhall-street, with their adjuncts, were for several ages
the chief seat of population; and Dale-street was a sort
of fashionable outskirt, containing the mansions of
county families who held land in the neighbourhood by
burgage tenure. No fewer than about 163 of such fami-
lies appear to have become early connected with the
town; many of them resided in it for mere amenity,
without engaging in any trade ; and some, particularly
the Moores and the Crosses, continued to be connected
with it till so late as the time of Queen Anne. A tradi-
tion says that, when King John enclosed the lands which
formed Toxteth Park, he removed the inhabitants of
them to Liverpool; and that Ihese, with some fishcrrneii
and boatmen, constituted the town's original population.
The castle was provisioned for a long siege, at the com-
mencement of King John's war with his barons ; but it
does not appear to have nuide any figure in the war. A
tallage levied in the sL\.th year of Henry III. shows the
value then of Liverpool as compared with adjacent
places, — for it yielded 5 marks, or equal to £50 for^Li-
verpool, 5 for Crosby, 1 for Everton, and 1 for "West
Derby; and another tallage, five years later, shows tho
value as compared both with these places ami with Lan-
c;ister aud Preston, — for it yielded Hi marks for Liver-
pool, 8 for Crosby, 5 for Everton, 7 for West Derby, 1:>
for Lancaster, and 15 for Preston.
Ranulf, the great Earl of Chester, who had for nearly
iifty years governed his earldom with ali.iost regal power,
got a grant from the Crown of much of the coimtry be-
tween the Ribble and the Jlersey, including the borough
of Liverpool; and though he lived not more than three
or four years to enjoy his new possessions, he appears to
have done good service to the town. A very old tradi-
tion assigns to him the erection, on Everton hill, of a
beacon, or liglithouse, which continued to stand till the
beginning of the present century. That structure may
have been cither a beacon or a lighthouse, or both; for
it stood so conspicuou-^ly on an eminence upwards of 200
feet above the town's level, that it must have been visible
both over a great extent of country and over many miles
at sea. The town passed, at the death of Ranulf, to the
Plarl of Derby, in right of his marriage to Rauidf's sister;
and it does not appear to have made progress under its
new proprietor and his heirs ; for, in the time of the
fourth of them, it still stood at the same vahie as in the
time of Henry III. Yet it was important enough to be
called upon, in the time of Edward 1., to send two mem-
bers to parliament. Measures were initiated also, in the
time of Edward II., for removing to it the great estab-
lishment of Whalley abbey; and they seemed likely,
for a time, to take ellect; but they never were matured.
Its cattle likewise was visited by I'Mward II. Its streets
then, aud in tlu; time of Edward III., were only five, —
Castle-street, Dale-street, liouke-strcet now Water-street,
Sloore-strcet now Titliebarn-street. and Chapel-street.
LIVERPOOL.
58
LIVERPOOL.
One vessel, \vith. six seamen, was its contribution to the
fleet of 700 ships, with 14,457 saaiuen, in 1347, for the
siege of Calais. A fearful epiileiuic, somewhat resem-
bling modem eliolera, assailed it about 13G1, and made
Buch havoc among its inhabitants that the survivors
were not able to remove the dead to the bunal-place at
"Walton, about 3 miles distant; and they obtained per-
mission to have a cemetery of their own, aroimd the one
place of worship in the town, the chapel of St. Nicholas.
JEither then also, or on some subsequent simUar occasion,
another cemetery was formed outside the town, on what
was theu the road to Everton. A lane adjoining that
cemetery wa.s long known as Sickman's lane, and is now
the site of Addison -street. Tlie proprietorship of the
borough reverted to the Crown at the accession of Henry
of Bolingbroke to the throne as Heuiy IV. ; and it con-
tinued in the possession of all the succeeding sovereigns
till Charles L But it did not, for a time, make pro-
gi'ess; for, in the 9th year of Henry VI., it had only 16S
burgesses, or no more than it had had in the time of Ed-
ward III.
The castle was extended, by the addition of a tower
on the S side, in the 20th year of Henry VI. Sir Rich-
ard Molyneux of Sefton had been made governor of it in
the preceding year, and he was made hereditary governor
five years afterwards; so that tlie castle, as long as it
stood, was thenceforth governed by liim and his descend-
ants. Oldhall-street, previously a private road to the
Old Hall of the Sloores, was made a public way in the
7tli year of Henry VIII.; and the change upon it indi-
cates that the town was then slowly extending. The ec-
clesiastical property in the town confiscated at the Re-
formation, comprised nothing more than four chantries
in the chafiel of St. Nicholas; and two of these were
transferred to the Crown, and two were sold. The sura of
i'o 13s. 4d. was, at the same time, appropriated to the
establishing of a grammar school. Leland, who visited
all parts of England in the latter part of Henry VII I. 's
reign, says, respecting the town, — " Lyrpole, alias Ly-
verpole, a paved town, hath but a chapel. AValton, four
miles off, not far from the sea, is the parish church. The
king hath a castelet there, and the Earl of Derby hath a
stone house. Irish merchants come much thither, as to
a good haven. At Lyrpole is small custom paid; that
caiiseth merchants to resort. Good merchandise at Lyr-
pole; and much Irish 3'am, that Manchester men do buy
there. " The town lost 2o0 persons in a total population
of between 1,200 and 1,500, by a visitation of plague,
about 1559, at the commencement of Elizabeth's reign;
and it suffered total dosti-uction of its haven, by a tre-
mendous storm, in 1561; yet, notwithstanding these
•"lisasters, and in the face of adverse circumstances which
pressed for some years on the whole kingdom, it made a
start in commerce during Elizabeth's reign. The old
haven is suppo.sed to have been formed in the time of
Edward III.; and, immediately after its destruction, a
new and better one was rapidly and giatuitously formed
by tlie burgesses. The town suffered loss of several of
its vessels, and cudangerment to all the rest, by another
dreadful storm in 1565; and it afterwards sustained se-
vere injury from the eight years' war in Ireland which
completely stopped, for a time, all trade thence with
England; yet it is described b}- Camden, near the end of
Elizabeth's reign, as the most commodious and the most
frequented route to Ireland, and as remarkable more
for elegance and populousness than for antiquity. The
number of its burgesses or freemen was nearly doubled
between the accession of Elizabeth and the death of
James I. Nevcrtiieless, as compared with other sea-
ports, it was still a small place ; for, in 1636, when
Charles I. issued writs for the exaction of sliip money,
Liverpool wa.s rated at no more than £25, while Cliestcr
was rated at £26, and Bristol at £1,000.
The royalists, at the commencement of the civil wars
of Charles I., took possession of Liverpool, seized its
magazines, found here tliirty liairels of gunpowder and a
large quantity of match, garrisoned the Citstle, and formed
borae new fortifications. The parliamentarians soon laid
niego to the town, stoimed the outworks, got jjossession
of the principal street and the chapel, shut up the royal-
ists in the cattle, rejected terms of suirender offered by
them, stormed them out of the castle, and drove them
from the town, \Wth a loss of 10 guns taken, 80 men
killed, and 300 men captured. Several frigates, or sTuall
armed vessels, were then fitted at the port; went out to
cruize ou the Irish sea; Idockaded Dublin and other
Irish ports, so as to cut off supplies of provisions and
other necessaries thence to England; and caused such
embarra-ssment to the royalists as incited them to con-
template an attack on Liverpool by sea. Forces were
mustered to make that attack; but they lauded near
Chester, and did not venture into tlie Jlersey. Tlie par-
liamentarian garrison, anticipating an attack either by sea
or by land, placed numerous cannon on the castle, coa-
structed a powerful battery at the entrance to the har-
bour, built up the end,s of the two streets facing the
pool, erected a strong fortification along the slope from
the castle to the end of Dale-street, and formed a mud
wall and a deep wide ditch from the east end of Dalo-strect
to the river. Prince Rupert, with a royalist force of
nearly 10,000 men, and in the flush of victory elsewhere,
came against the town; expressed contempt for its for-
tificatiijns, comparing them to a crow's nest, which a
parcel of boys might take ; found to his cost, that they
resembled rather an eagle's eyry or a lion's den ; spent
eighteen days, consumed a hundred barrels of gunpow-
der, suffered repulse in at least two general assaults, and
lost not fewer than 1,500 men, before achieving success;
and even then required all the aids of assault by night,
under guidance of a native who could direct him to the
most vulnerable points. The slaughter of the garrison
was very great; but it ceased on their reaching the High
Cross, and there laying down their anus. Prince Ru-
pert fomied a plan of Ufw and much stronger fortilica-
tions, but never had opjortunity to can-y it out. He
remained nine days in Liverpool recruiting his army,
and org-aniziiig the surrounding couutr}-; and lie would
probably have made it the base of his future operations,
but for being called away by the king to raise the siogiS
of York. 'The parliamentarians came against the town,
between three and four montiis afterwauLs; laid sii'ge to
it, both by land and by sea; continued the siege for fifty-
five days; and then, ou 4 Nov. 1644, got possession of
the town by surrender. The losses sustained by the in-
habitants, during the three sieges, were veiy heavy, not
only by injury done to trade, but by demolition of very
many houses by shot or by fire. The parliament, ou
petition of the inhabitants, and as compensation for their
losses, gave rights of ferry to the corporation; allowed
500 tons of timber for pu;poses of rebuilding; ordered
that the timber should be feUed in the estates of the
Earl of Derby, Lord Jlolyneux, Sir 'W. Norris, and '
Robert Blundell, Robert ilolyneux, Charles Gerard, and
Edward .Scaresbrick, Esqs. ; and afterwards, when pass-
ing an ordinance for contirming the town's charters and
liberties, granted a sum of £10,000.
The subsequent history of Liverpool is mainly com-
mercial; but, though presenting few of the kinds of
events which form the bulk of most local liistories, it
e.xhibits one of the most wonderful incidents of town-
aggrandizement which the world has ever seen. The
commerce increased steadily but slowly, with corre-
sponding increase of bui'iings and inhabitants, tLLl the
beginning of the last century; it increased thence, in a
more rapid ratio, till the beginning of the present cen-
turj-; and it has increased thence till now with such
prodigious rapidity and \rith such magnificent accom-
paniments, as to make its progress look like a work
of enchantment The population, in 1700, was 5,714;
in ISOO, about 75,000, in 1S51. 443,933; in 1S60,
nearly 500,000. Nor do these last two figures re-
present all the increase: for they note the pojudatiou
only within the borough boundaries; and there must
be added to them, as e(iually the result of the town's
prosperitv", the enormous increase of population imme-
diately beyond the borough boundaries, the rise of
several neighbouring villages, and the rise of Pjirken-
liead and otlier places ou the Cheshire shore. All thin{;s
LIVERrOOL
LlVErtPOOL.
eli* aUu: the to-.va too — l)ii> coniinunioation.s, the liar-
oour arria-cment^S the towu extension, the street-im-
rrovemeats, the public baLli.lin,!,'s, the iutellij;ent euti-r-
j.rliC, iai the goaenl vredlth— have kept pace with the
p-Xigreii of con:rueri:e ami of population. The late Lord
j:.rskine remarhej, — " I had before often been at tlie
jnacipal sea-|-)rti in this island; and, believing that,
Lavin^' i^n Bristol and those other towns tliat deseivedly
1VJ.S for gr.iat on-'s, I liad seen everything in this grea't
nidon of navi^ritorj on which a subject should pride
lamselfl I ovm I was astonished and astounded when,
a;ter p.iSii:jg s ditf-itnt ferry and ascending a liill, I was
lold by my giiide, ' All you see spread out beneath you —
lh:-X iiiiuicn^e pLiu, wliich stands like another Venice
upon ti.r wat^r — which is intersected by those numerous
docks — ^which glitteis with those cheerful habitations of
well-prc.tected men — wliich is the busy seat of trade,
and ihe gay scene of elegant amusements, growing out
of itd prosperity — where there is the most cheerful face
of iadn^try — where there aie riches overflowing, and
erer>-thiag that can delight a man who wishes to see the
jirosiierity of a great community and a great empire — all
this has been created by the industry and well-disciplined
managemei-t of a handful of men since you were a boy.'
I zaxK have been a stick or a stone not to be atfected
by such a picture. "
The tirst wet dock, latterly called the Old Dock, and
eventually fiUeii up in 1831, was formed at the old pool
or liaven in 1719. The opening or improving of the
jiavigarion to ifanchester, by the rivers Mersey and Ir-
weii, SD 23 to enable the "flats" to sail up in ten or
elc'/en hours, instead of requiring ten or eleven days as
they had previously done, was commenced in 1720.
A:i acl of p.irliament for enlarging the first dock, form-
ing 3. second one, and erecting a pier, was obtained in
173d; and another act for enlarging Isoth of the docks,
formlizg a third one, and erecting other piers and tivo
lighthouses, was obtained in 1761. The plan for im-
yvoring the navigation of the Sankey-brook, so as to
conn^t I Jver(X;ol with the western part of the gi-eat coal-
field cf Lanc'ishire — a plan which was changed into the
grander one of cutting a navigable canal down the San-
key valley, and which gave origin to the entire system of
li.ivii^ble canals in Southern Lancashire and throughout
ZngUr.d — was concocted in 1755. Only one can'iage,
and :a.it a carriage kept by a lady, was in Liverpool in
1760: no stage coach came to Liverpool, or nearer than
Harrington, prior to that year; and the tii-st stage coach
li-om Liverpool to London was then established, went
only cnce a-week, and took four days to perform the
journey. Only four inns were then in Liverpool; and
two of these stood till 1852. The streets were not regu-
larly named or numbered till 1773. The "stone-house"
of the Earl of Derby, mentioned by Loland, stood till
ISl.'^; is supposed to have been erected about 1351, as a
Watch-station for the Croivn; and, after ceasing to be a
residrrnce of nobles, was converted first into a public as-
sembly room, and afterwards into a jail. It stood at the
f'»t of Water-street; and its site is now occupied by
warthouses. Other features also of Old Liverpool have
ivriihed ; much of the very ground is changed ; and
nearly the entire aspect of the present town is new.
Sume cf the causes of the prosperity of Liverpool have
lx'';a the advautageousness of its situation for commerce
with oil parte! of the world; its command of central in-
tercourse between England and Ireland, making it a
great entrejV^t for the products of the two countries; its
j)roi::nity to an exteusive field of the most valuable
jainenils, — cord, iron, freestone, and .salt; its facility of
i-omaiuniiation with Manchester and the clothing-towns
of Yorkshire, rendering it a port of interchange between
the riiarket3 fur manufactured fabrics in England and
ths a;arke-s for niw material in the eastern and western
lierniipheres; and i^s prompt, skilful, and complete
advptiOR of new inventions or ojienings for extended com-
ir.erc«, c3 these, in an}' manner or from any quarter, have
arii«n. " Kupid as was the progress of the commerce of
Liverpool in the last cei\tury," says a writer in the Co-
luzJaJ M.ignzine, "it is ijuite equalled in tlie present day.
From the largo share tli«! merchants jmssesscd in the
African slave trade, it might have been apprelioiided that
the cessation of that tr.ifhc would have seriously afl'ected
their interests. But it was not so. A succession of
causes continually tended to open up fresh channels for
enterprise, and to give increased facility to mercantile
ojierations. The most powerful of these was the ware-
housing system, which gave all the advantages of a free
purt to one possessing so many natural and artificial ad-
vantages. It was followed by the partial opening of the
trade to the East Indies; next, by the introduction of
steam navigation ; and, during late years, by the com-
plete abolition of the East India Company's monopoly.
In addition to these causes, the rapid advance of our
original descendants in the New World, in wealth and
population, has called into operation an intercourse
chiefly carried on through this port. Lastly, with her
skilful engineers, and fortunate position as the outport
of a county aboimding in miiiei-al fuel, she holds the
sinews of that mighty power which is extending its con-
quests over the wide world; walking the waters through
storm and calm, and bridging the Atlantic itself; gliding
over the peopled plains of the Old World, through the
eternal forest-s of the New; and, as it passes along, scat-
tering in its train civilized man, — his energies guided by
Christian knowledge, and by his expanding wants and
rational desires. "
Among distinguished visitors to Liverpool have been
William III., in 1690, on his way to Ireland; the Prince
of Wale.s, afterwards George IV., in 1806; the Grand-
Duke of Russia, in 1818; the British Association, in
1837; the Royal Agricultural Society, in 1841; Prince
Albert, at the opening of the Albert dock, in 1845;
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, in 1851; Don Pedro
V. of Portugal, in 1854; the British Association again
in 1854; the Duke of Cambridge in 1855; the Prince of
Oude, in 1857; Dr. Livingstone, the celebrated African
explorer, in 1857 ; Lord Brougham and other distin-
guished noblemen, on several occasions ; the National
Association, in 1858; and the Prince and Princess of
Wales in Nov. 1865. — Among eminent natives have
been Jeremiah HoiTocks, the astronomer; George Stubbs,
the painter of animals; William Sadler, the inventor of
the transference of copper-plate prints to earthenware;
John Deare, the sculptor; Edward Kushton, the jioet;
Sirs. Ilemans, the poet; Josejih Whidbey, the civil en-
gineer; Dr. Cunie, the biographer of Bums; William
Koscoe, author of the Lives of Lorenzo de Medici and
Leo X., and at the same time a great local luminary;
the Rev. Leigh Richmond, Dr. Dobson, Dr. Enfield, Dr.
Bostock, and some others. — Among distinguished resi-
dents have been J. Almon, the political bookseller;
Gregson, the antiquary; Hoiilston, the physician; S.
Heywood, the lawyer; J. Johnson, the bookseller; R.
Wright, the painter; Gibson, the sculptor; and many
more. — The town gives the title of Earl to the Jen-
kinsons.
Site and Structure. — The Mersey, opposite the centre
of Liverpool, is about j of a mile wide ; expands grad-
ually along the lower part of the town, and along its
seaward suburbs, to an opening of about IJ mile wide
into the Irish sea ; and expands gradually, above the
town, to a maximum width of fully 3 miles opposite
Hale Park. All this, of course, is cstuarial; and it con-
tumes to be estuarial up to Runcorn-Gap, and for several
miles beyond. Its sweep, from the mouth to Runcorn-
Gap, is proximately semicircular; and this form of it,
together with the narrowness of its mouth as comjjared
with its expansion upwards, rendei's it a very splendid
haven, and gives it the advantage of being constantly
scoured and kept ojien by the rush of the receding tides.
It has also the aiU-ant.i"e of being flanked along the left
or Cheshire side, to the month, by tlic peninsula of
Wirral, which extends like a great bulwark between it
and the sea. Its .shores, for 4 miles from the mouth, as
well on most of the Cheshii'c side as on all of the Lan-
cashire side, are brilliantly covered with town or suburb;
and, over most of the distance thence to I'uncorn-Gap,
exhibit beautiful scenery, scarcely excelled anywhere in
LIVERPOOL.
60
LIVERrOOL.
England except on the Wye, rieli in woodland, and pro-
fusely sprinkled with beautiful villages, chaniiing villas,
and pict\iresque church-towers or sj)ire3. The immediate
Lancashire environs of the town, for some miles all
round, have an undulating contour, are finely wooded,
embosom beautiful town-outskirts or villages, and dis-
play great wealth of handsome residences and magnifi-
cent mansions. The site of the town is partly flat
gi'oiuid along the eilge of the river, — ^partly a sort of
amphitheatre of hills, inclosing two depressions, and
rising from the flat ground to the borough boundaries;
and, except in the part which Wiis occupied by the an-
cient pool, is all favourable for building and for health.
The brow of the hill on which the castle stood, and
along which Castle-street and the other ancient streets
•were biult, is about 50 feet above the level of the river;
and the slope on both sides of it is sufficient, with very
little aid from art, for dryness and salubriousness. The
ground beyond the bed of the quondam pool rises rapidly
to the E, tm it reaches an elevation of 230 feet at Edge-
hill church, an elevation of 240 feet at Everton-church,
and a general elevation of about 200 feet along the
borough boundary. The ascent to the N and to the S is
more gradual; but it soon, in each direction, attains an
elevation of 50 or 60 feet. The two depressions within
the amphitheatre are an upper one, which was anciently
occupied by the LIoss lake, and a lower one, which was
anciently occupied by the pool. The former lies at an
elevation of 150 feet above the level of the river, and was
easUy and effectually drained; but the latter, being little
above the level of ordinarj- tides, and actually below the
level of spring tides, is very bad building-ground, and
can never be rendered sufficiently dry for the purposes of
health. The filling up of the pool was a great mistake,
as to both the consti-uctiou of the town and its facilities
forxommerce. Had that mistake not been committed,
the docks would have been in the form of the segment
of a circle, sweeping along the bank of the river, and
projecting a broad radius among the principal streets.
The town is seated partly on red sandstone, partly on
coarse red diluvial clay; it is sheltered by heights from
the chilling north-east winds; and it has a climate more
humid than that of many parts of England, but at the
same time less variable. The heat of summer is tem-
pered by the sea-breezes; and the cold of winter is com-
monly from 6 to 8 degrees lower than under the same
latitude on the E coast.
The town, in a general view, presents a somewhat aii-y
appearance, and contains many thoroughfares, vistas, or
vantage grounds, commanding charming prospects; yet
it includes a comparatively small aggregate of open
spaces, and is considerably more dense than most of the
other large to\\Tis of the empire. The Registrar-General,
allowing for increase since the last census, estimates that
Liverpool contains averagely 93 persons on every acre,
while Glasgow contains only 84, Jlanchester 79, Dublin
67, Birmingham 42, Edinburgh, 39, London 39, Bristol
34, Salford 21, and Leeds 10. Much of the northern and
of the eastern j)ortions, within the borough boundaries,
or the portions in Everton and Kirkdale townships, are
very open; .so that the other portions, in contrast to
these, and as making up the high figure of 93 persons
per acre for the entire borough, are very dense. Only
the principal streets too, and not all of them, run long
distances; while the great majority, e.vcept in the new-
est portions, are not only sliort but narrow. Nearly the
whole town, till about the beginning of the present cen-
tury, was ding}', ill-built, badl3'-paved, and inconve-
niently aligned; but it both has undergone immen.sc im-
provements in its old parts, and has constantly and in-
creasingly a.ssumed much beaut}', regularity, and ame-
nitv, in its great and i-upid extensions. Some old streets
\rne, widened and improved so early .as 1786; many
others were widened and improved, during the next forty
years; a number were widened and improved on plans
fonned in ISdO; about seven more were to be entirely
re-modelled, at a cost of about £130,000, on jdans formed
in 1865; and still further street-improvements, at a.
computed cost of £250,000, were resolved upon in
Oct., 1866. The suras e.^cpended by the corpor.ition
in improvements from 1786 till 1866, are computed lo
have exceeded £3,000,000. The result, cxi:epting chiell y
in a paucity of open spaces, is very brilliant. The town
cannot for a moment compare with Edinburgh, Bath,
"Westminster, and some other cities, in si^uares, crescents,
and other features of mingled spaciousue.->s and grandeur;
but it vies well with all these cities, and far excels many
of the other large towns of Britain, in wide handsome
streets", in neat substantial private dwellings, in large
ornate shops and warehouses, and in sumptuous or mag-
nificent public buildings. A continuous, broad, well-
paved road runs along the entire line of the docks, both
within and beyond the borough boundaries, to a total
length of fully 5 miles; very numerou-s streets strike
from that road, mostly at right angles, toward the inte-
rior; a fair proportion of spacious main streets intersect
the town in all directions, running through it like .so
many arteries ; and the docks, the ferries, and the rail-
way works and stations are all, in their own several ways,
of a character great and striking.
"Waterloo-place, formed by the junction of Bold-street,
Church-street, Ranelagh-street, and Hanover-street, is a
fine centre whence to make a tour of the town; commands
some TOod interior views of the street architecture; and
is in the neighbourhood of many public buildings aud
many liotels. Clayton-square, a short distance N of "Wa-
terloo-place, but on the line of Parker-street and Elliott-
street, running from Church-street to Lime-street, con-
tains several fine hotels and the Prince of Wales' thea-
tre, and has a stand for hackney coaches. Bold-street,
going eastward from Waterloo-place, is tiie Regent-street
of Liverpool; presents a fascinating display of elegant
shops and ornate places of business ; and has been so
greatly enhanced in value, that a building stance on it of
208 s<[uare yards, with a frontage of 24 feet, was recently
sold by auction at £5,660. Church-street, running west
by southward from Waterloo-place, is the Rialto of Li-
verpool; contains St. Peter's church and the AtheuKum;
and makes a rich display of shops and warehouses, in-
cluding the extensive Liver establisiunent, formerly th;^
Liver theatre. Lord-street, leading on a line with
Church-street to St. George's church, is a very fine
thoroughfare, \rith shops and houses at once large, uni-
form, and ornate; and terminates in St. George's cres-
cent, which was built in 1 827, and is disposed in shops.
Castle-street, going northward from the W end of St
George's crescent, contains the branch Bank of England,
and is confronted at its further end by the Town-hall ;
South Castle-street i-uns on the same line, in the oppo-
site direction, and is confronted at its further end by the
massive pile of the Custom-house; and these two streets,
though orimnally narrow and dingy, and though both of
brief length, are now spacious and imposing. Water-
street, going from the Town-hall, or the N end of Castle-
street, to St. George's dock, and occupying the site of thi-
ancient Londe-street, was widened and entirely altered
in 1825; and is now a spacious and crowded thorough-
fare, edificed chiefly with handsome and extensive office-;
and warehouses. Dale-street, going eastward on a line
with Water-street, is also now all spacious; was fonuerly
the grand starting-place of stage coaches to all parts of
the kingdom; is now a starting-place of omnibuses to all
parts of the town and the suburbs; and contains the
Exchange buildings, the Royal Bank buildings, the Cor-
poration public oliices, tlie jSc\y Police-otfices, a number
of very ornate business oflSces, and several first-claj.<
hotels. Oldhall-street, Fenwick -street, Chapel-street,
and a number of other business streets, more or less re-
semble those which we have instanced, and cither ap-
proach or excel them in rich displays of architecture.
The genteel private streets and places aie so very numer-
ous, and comparatively so little varied, that any very
distinctive examples of them cannot well be selected.
I'oduey-street, Abercromby-square, Falkner-square, with
streets in their respective vicinities, may be taken a.s
specimens. Aljercromby-stiuare lies in the SE part of tho
town, not far from Edge-hill; is cros.sed, along its four
sides, by the lines of Chatham-stfeet, Bedford-street,
LIVERPOOL.
LIVEnrOOL.
Oxfonl • street, ami CamV>riJj,'e-Rtroct ; is haiulsomely
e-i;:cvl witli most rcspei-tabli) houses; lias, at the inift-
illr: it" the E side, St. Catheriue's church; nud is oocupiud,
tir -cghout the centre, by tui e.xtensiv* and beautiful
^'irlen and shrubbery. Falkner-squaie lies near To.x-
teili Park, at soi;ie (Hstance SE of Aberornmby-square;
V ji, a very short time ago, a large enclosed shrubbery,
uway from the neifjlibourliood of any house; and, besides
beir:g itj-tlf now edificed, is subtended, on all sides, by
clee-,iiit srrt^ti. The river-ward part of Toxteth Park
contains a fine variety of buildings and suburban resi-
iien^.e3; and includes, on a rising-ground, haiidsoiuo
viliis, coinniiindiug delightful views, over the town, tlu^
Mersey, and the Cheshire- coast. The Evorton outskirt
also contains many large and beautiful houses, with gar-
dens and shrubberies in front; and commands e-xtcnsive
riews over great part of the to\vn, over the Mersey to its
mccth, and over the Wirral peninsula to the mountains
'A Wales.
Fault has been found with the ornamental architecture
of Liverpool, that it is too pretentious, too grandiose,
zoo desrlrute of a blending of utility^ with' ornament; but
this is simply a nutter of taste; and what one man, in
respect to it, regards as a blemish, another regards as an
■excellence. Fault has been found with the architecture
slio, tkat it wantci sufficient diversity, is too much on
one tvpe, Tvas long determined or controlled by one set
<'f ideas, or even by one architect^ but this likewise is
simply a matter of taste, insomuch as to be more pleas-
ing to m.iny persons than it is displeasing to a few; and
exa:tly the same alleged fault has been more strongly
ur^--.-d against Edinburgh and Bath and some other cities
whioh are generally admired. Comparative uniformity
in Liverpcol, moreover, is a matter rather of the earlier
than of the later years of the town's extension; and has,
for a considerable time, been giving place to a verj' much
wider play of style and decoration. Even the merchants'
ofSof-s, as well as the buildings of a less or more public
kind-=-for example, the elegant and lofty piles of offices
a';ong both sides of Fenwick-street, and three great groups
siie-by-side, erected in 1865-6, at the corner of Tithe-
bim street — vie with one another, and compare ^actori-
ouily ■with the best buildings of the same class anywhere
in the world, in at once variety, ornature, and splendour.
A marked feature in very many streets is the very v.i-
riety o{ manner in ■which the corner houses are treated ;
iriO>t of ■which are splayed at the angle, or carved,
or jiartly l;>oth, with the projecting part supported ou
braukets, while few do not display cunning devices to
i;.ake tiie most of their position. A variety of quite
at-other kind, very dam;iging to collective views of the
srreer architectuie, arises from the town's entire de-
votion to trade, combined wth retention of old or un-
sightly buildings for sake of their utility, and producing
a mixture of meanness and magnificence, or of dinginess
and decoration, in very many reaches of street line. " It
is this mixture of wealth with penury," remarks a writer
in the Builder of Nov. 1865, " that is another distinctive
feature in Liverpool. In the metropolis a fine site is
usually occupied with houses of corresponding and nearly
aniiorm appearance. But the Trafalgar-square of Liver-
piX'l, though having many points in common with that
of London, has a strong dash of Tottonham-court-road
thro^a-n into it, by the existence of a few shabby imwor-
thy house.^ among the buildings surrounding it. Stand-
ing under the terraced portico of the Free Librai^y, and
lo<)king upon -St. George's Hall and the raOway station,
a.s one might look upon St. Martin's church and North-
umberland House from the entrance to the National
OaL'ery, the re->.>mblauce of the two sites is striking, even
to the street opening out of it in a similar position to
that occupied by Parliament-street. But here the resem-
bl;>J2ee cea.se3. The liouscs in tliis street are small and
dirtv, and should make way for better ones. Their
chiiniiey-pot* occupy the position that .should be oc-
fupied by the drawirigroom floors of a li.indsome class
of buildings. Although one side of the scpiarc is .sump-
tuc'.H with the enormous American liotel, another side
h-^i ka ugly eyesore in a siiabby group composed of au
American and Canadian korosino and potroleuna iil de-
jiot, a cigur-.shop, a frail bazaar, an eating-house, the
turniug into a narrow dingy street, called l.ivesley-
place, two or three old public-houses, — the Warriors'
IJest and the Angel to wit, — and lientley's bookstore,
most of which, specimens of the domestic and commercial
architecture of the l:ist age, are made still more garish
by enormous announcements of the wares dealt in by
their proprietors permanently painted upon them in
huge black letters. A few masterly touches, such as the
removal of inadequate objects occupying conspicuous
sites, and Liverpool would be more like the cities of the
ancient classic world than anything we have."
Public BuildivQs.—Thr: Town-hall stands at the junc-
tion of AVater-street and Dale-street, confronting Castle-
street. It was buUt in 1749, at a cost of i'80,000, after
designs by Mr. Wood of Bath ; and, the interior having
been destroyed by fire in 1795, it was then rebuilt in an
improved style, at a cost of £110,000, underthe direction
of John Foster, Esq. It is a noble stnicture, in the
Grecian style, with two elegant fronts; has a handsome
portico, with a plain bold pediment, a well-proportioned
rustic basement, and a beautiful Coriiitliian superstruc-
ture; is adorned with some fine pieces of sculpture, one
of which, representing " Commerce presenting her trea-
sures to Neptune," di'aws particular notice; and is sur-
mounted, in the centre, by a dome, rising to a height of
nearly 120 feet from the pavement, and crowned by a
colossal sitting figure of Britannia. The principal en-
trance is from the S side, and leads to the grand stair-
case, opening out upon a suite of apartments, enriched
■with architectural ornaments in Scagliola marble, and
having arched ceilings in panelled compartments. The
principal rooms are a saloon, 30 feet by 26; a drawing-
room, 33 feet by 26; a ball-room, 90 feet by 42; a second
ball-room, 66 feet by 30; a card-room, 33 feet by 26; a
refectory, 33 feet by 22; and a banqueting-room, 50 feet
bj' 30. A chaste marble statue of George Ciinning, by
Chantry, set up in 1S32, is on the first landing of th"
grand staircase; and portraits of George III., George IV.,
the Duke of York, and William IV., are in the saloon.
The dome is illuminated interiorly by spacious lateral
lights; excites admiration as seen from the grand stair-
case; and is encircled exteriorly by a gallery or balcony,
which commands a fine view of the suiTounding streets,
and of the Cheshire coa.st. The Exchange-buildings oc-
cupy- three sides of a square, the fourth or S side of which
is occupied by the Town-hall. Thev were erected in
1803-6, after designs by Foster, at a cost of £110,000; and
were re-erected in 1864-6, after designs by Wyatt, at an
estimated cost of £300,000. They extend along the E and
the W sides 197 feet; and along the N side 178 feet.
They exhibited, in their original form, a style and or-
nature corresponding with those of the Town-hall; and
they exhibit, in their new form, a higher degree of mag-
nificence corresponding to the higher amount of cost.
One of their wings contained a spacious news-room, sup-
plied with all the leading journals, and with all means
of immediate telegraphic and commercial intelligence ;
and had, immediately above, a corresponding room for
the use of the undenvriters. The news-room, in the
reconstructed building, was completed about the end of
1866, and has a very imposing character. The floor is
of oak, teak, and pitch pine, laid in patterns, with a large
star in the centre; the walls are chiefly of Caen stone;
the cornice is supported by columns and pilasters of blue,
white, and red marbles; a niche, ou the S side, is de-
signed to have a colos.sal statue of the Queen ; panels,
above the coniice, contain alternately allegorical groups
and the arms of the colonics in bas-relief; and the sur-
mounting dome is of iron and strong plate-gla.s.s, and has
an inner oniamentd gla/ing, with gold fret border and
star centre. A bronze niouument to Ncl.son, originally
situated in the centre of the E.vchange-square, h.is been
removed to a site a few yards nearer the Town-hall, mid-
distance between the E and the W to-.vers of the new
buildings; and is placed on a hi'udsome granite pedestiil,
6 feet high, adorned with porfoiiited panels, through
which fresh air passes into a circular sliaft round (he bai.j
LIVERPOOL.
LIVERPOOL
of the monument, and is conveyed thence to apparatus tor
vrarming the news-room. The monument was designed
hy U. C. Wyatt, and executed by Westraacott; was erected
orioinaUyin 1S12, at a cost of £9,000, rai=ed by sub-
scnntion: required upwards of 22 tons of bronze for its
formation; aud has a total height of 24i feet. It is thus
described by Koscoe— " On a basement of Westmoreland
marble stands a circular pedestal of the same material,
and peculiarly suitable in colour to the group which it
supports. At the base of the pedestal are four emblema-
tic ti<nue3 of heroic size, in the character of captives, or
vanqubhed enemies, in allusion to Lord Nelson's sign.il
victories. The spaces behveen these figures, on the sides
of the pedestal, are tilled by four grand bas-reliefs exe-
cuted in bronze, representing some of the great naval ac-
tions in which the immortal Nelson was engaged. The
rest of the pede.=ital is richly decorated with lions' heads
and festoons of laurel; and iu a moulding round the
upper part of it, is inscribed, in letters of brass, that
most impressive charge delivered by this illustrious com-
mander, previous to the commencement of his battle
off Trafalgar, 'England expects eveiy man to do his
duty.' The figures constituting the principal design are
Nelson, Victory, and Death; his country mourning for
her loss, and her navy eager to avenge it, naturally claim
a place in the group. The principal figure is the Admiral,
resting one foot on a conquered enemy, and the other on
a cannon. With an eye steadfast, and upraised to Victory,
he is receiving from her a fourth naval crown upon his
sword; which, to indicate the loss of his right arm, is
held in his left hand. The maimed limb Ls concealed by
the enemy's flag, which Victory is lowering to him, and
under the folds of which. Death lies in ambush for his
victim; intimating that he received the reward of his
valour and the struke of death at the same moment. By
the figure of an exasperated British seaman, is repre-
sente(f the zeal of the navy to wreak vengeance on the
enemies who robbed it of its most gallant leader. Rri-
fcinuia, with laurels in her hand, and leaning, regardless
of them, on her spear and shield, describes the feelings
of the country, fluctiiating between the pride and the
anguish of a triumph so dearly purchased, but relj-ing for
security on her own resources."
St. George's Hall, with the Assize Courts, stands in a
central situation, and presents four fronts to respectively
Lime-street, St. John's lane, St. John's church, and the
junction of Shaws-Brow, Islington, and London-road.
The land occupied by it, and by St. John's church, was
long an open heath, and came to be intersected by hedges
for the drying of the towns-people's clothes. The buil<l-
in" was erected in 1841-54, after designs by H. Lonsdale
Elmes, at a cost of about £400,000. It is .an eminently
imposing edifice in the Corinthian style, saliently and
recessedly peripteral; presents a very rich polystyle com-
position, with features of much variety and contnust;
comprises St. George's Hall in the centre, and two masses
for 'the assLze courts, and a great concert-room, iu the
ends; and is so constructed as to show extemallj-, by
saliency of the sides, and by higher elevation of the roof,
the exact mass of St. George's H.all as distinguished or
divided from the two other masses. It occupies up-
wards of 3.^ acres of ground, and embodies more than
400 000 cubic feet of Derbyshire stone; and it extends
470' feet from N to S, and 160 from E to W. The S
front, facing the E termination of St. John's lane, stands
so on the brow of a rising-ground about 16 feet high as
to have the appearance of being raised upon a terrace;
and has a doubly columned portico, 95 feet high from
the cTound-line to the apex of the pediment, and 24 feet
JeeiT The columns stand on a stvlob.ate 10 feet high;
they are themselves 45 feet high aud 4.^ feet in diameter,
and are beautifully polished; aud eight of them are in
the front rank, and four in the second. The tympanuTn
of the pediment is filled with a sploudul group of sym-
bolical fimires, aggregately upwards of 50 tons in weight,
each nearly 12 feet high, all desi.gueil by Mr. Cockereil,
and sculptured in Caen stone by Mr. W. G. Nirliol, at a
cost of £3,500. The E front, facing Lime-street, .stands
principally opposite the station of the Livei-pool and
Jlauchester branch of the Northwestern railway, and is
seen thence to much advantage. Its intercolumniations
and its entablature are uniforiu in style and h iight with
those of the S portico; but they are divided into a grand
salient centre of fiftern intercolumns, aggi'egately co-
extensive with the side of St. George's Hall, and two
reaches of each five intercolumns, co-extcusive with tlie
sides of the two end-masses. The fifteen central inter-
columniations project in the manner of a portico; but be-
hind the coUmms, on the line of the end portions, are
square pillars, between which an ornamented screen is
caiTied up below, while the upper part of their shafts is
insiJated; and thus a double contrast is produced, first
between the columns and the square pillars, and next
between the closed spaces and the open cues of the square-
pillar range. The N front presents a projecting hemi-
cycle, with the same character as the other fronts,
but in attached colimms; and it therefore, both in out-
line and in execution, forms a very agreeable variety, and
occasions the view of the edifice on the NE to dill'er con-
siderably from the view of it on the SE. Stone balus-
trades enclose the entire area; and are relieved, at con-
soicuous points, by four massive pedestals, each bearing
a' recumbent solid stone lion, 13 feet long, 6 feet high,
and executed at a cost of £200. The SE entrance-gate-
way is the principal approach; and has four handsome
pofished granite gate piers on plinths, sm-mounted by a
moulded cornice, and supporting a Triton, holding a
cornucopia. The interior of St. George's Hall measures
169 feet in length, 75 feet iu width, and 1,720 yards in
floor-area; includes a series of recesses 13 fee: deep, ap-
parently obtained out of the thickness of the walls, but
really coming over corridors which both sep;tr.ite and
connect it with the law courts; and is lighted on the W
side laterallv throuf;h windows within those recc5^es, —
and on the E side through small domes, one in each re-
cess. The roof b one vast arched vault, a: an elevation
of SI feet from the floor; is intersected on both sides by
lateral arches, springing from pillar to pilhr; is all beau-
tifully ]>aneUed and om.imented with various design.-;
and is supported bv magnificent porphyrj- columns, each
31.1 feet high, and 3 feet in diameter. Niches of Irish
marble, int'ended to contain statues, alternate with tho
pillars; and two of them are occupied by statues of Sir
Robert Peel and George Stephenson. The floor is com-
posed of encaustic tiles; and co.st, additional to the ex-
pense of laying it, about £2,500. Ten splendid gaseliers,
each weighing about f of a ton, are suspended from the
roof An organ, containing about 8,000 pipe.', having a
manual range of 63 notes, four rows of keys, and lOS
stops, and built by Henry Willis of London at a cost of
£10,000, stands at the N ea<l of the hall, in a beautiful
semicircular gallery, supported by granite pillars and by
two gigantic Atlantes. A concert-room, measuring 86
feet inlength, 70 feet iu width, and 42 feet in height, is
iu the N end of the edifice; has an orchestral stage,_of
capacity for M performers, as well as for a choras of ^70;
and is elegantly decoratetl in w.alls and ceiling. The
Crown court and the Nisi Prius court are fine apartment.s
of rectanfnilar form, each about 53 feet Inng, 50 feet wide,
and 45 "feet high. The Vice-Chancellor's court, the
Sheriffs Jurv court, the Grand Jury room, the Barris-
ters' library, "and the entrance halls also are large apart-
ments. The entire edifice is heated and ventilated uxicn
Dr. Reid's plan, with such arrangement that the entire
cff'ect of the apparatus can, at any time, be directed to
anv one apartment. , , . , , .
The Judges' Lodgings, for the use of the .judges diinng
the sitting'of assizes, woro, by a resolution of the to\vn-
council, toward the end of UiJ5, to he erected on tlie
New.sham estate at the E side of tb.e town, at an esti-
mated cost of £10,000. The Newsbaw e.-.tate was then
about to be converted, by the corporation, into a public
park; au.l the judges' loilgings would form ono of the
villa'rcsidences to bo er-'-ttd on the park's margin. The
scat of the courts of bankruptcy is in a hanilsoinc range
of bnddings, called Eldon Chambers, in North Jo'.mi-
street. The County court forms part of a noble pil- I'f
buildings, erected in 1843, at a corner of Lime-strcL^l-
LIVERPOOL.
LIVERPOOL.
The Corporation buildings stand in Dalc-stieet; fonn a
vast block, extending from Crossli:\ll - street to St.
Thomas' building; were erected in 1865-G; have Corin-
thi.m decorations, with fern leaves instead of leaves of
the acanthus in the c;ipitals; and present a principal front
of centre and two ]nojecting wings, — the doorways of
granite, and the walls faced ■with stone and lined with
brick. The Police-offices stand in Dale-street, and along
Hatton-garden; are a recent erection; and contain very
spacious and well-aiTanged accommodations. A central
arehway leads to the detective department; the portion
facing Hatton-garden is the police station; and the fire-
engine department, with engines constTntly reaily for in-
stant service, is conveniently near. The public offices
for Toxteth park township stand on the N side of High
Park-street, immediately W of the reservoir of the cor-
poration water-works; occupy an area of 1,050 square
yards; were erected in 1S66, at a cost of about £6,500; are
in the Roman style; have a main front of centre and two
wings; and are snrmoimted at the centre by a dome. — The
Custom-house stands, as we have already stated, on the site
of the Old dock; was founded, amid great demonstrations,
in Aug. 1328; is estimated to have cost £300,000, irre-
spective of the site, which was corporate property, and
valued at £90,000; and w;is erected under an agreement
with the government, that they shoidd make annual
payments of £25,000 toward it, to the amount of £150,000,
on condition that it should be ceded to them in twenty
years. The edifice measures 467 feet in length from E
to W, 95 feet in width, and 67 feet in height; is in the
Ionic style, with a rustic basement, — with octostyle por-
ticoes on the main, the E, and the W fronts, — and with
an entablature round three sides, supported by a bold
pilaster at each angle; and is surmounted, at the centre,
by a magnificent dome, resting on eight large pillars,
lighted by sixteen windows, and ornamented round by
pihistei-s. A smaller dome, encircled by twelve windows,
which light the centre of the long room, is enclosed
within the outer dome ; the stairs are flanked by hand-
some h'on balustrades; the landing-places are supported
by eight Ionic monolithic columns; and the ceilings,
and other parts, are all beautifully decorated. The long
room occupies the centre of the edifice; measures 164
feet in length and 70 feet in width; has a segment ceil-
ing, supported b}' columns and pilasters, and sunnouuted
by the dome; is lighted, not only by the dome windows,
but by fourteen windows at the sides ; is all splendidly
designed and decorated; and is approached by four grand
staircases and hmding-places. The edifice contains not
only the Custom-house, but also the Inland Revenue
olfice, the Post-ofiice, and the Dock-offices; and ought
to be designated rather the Revenue buildings than the
Custom-house. The main or N front of it faces South
Castle-street; and in advance of that front stands the
statue of Mr. Huskisson, modelled by Sir. Gibson, cast
at the royal foundry of JIunich in Bavaria, and inaugur-
ated, in Oct. 1847, by Sir Robert Peel.
The Corn-exchange, in Brunswick-street, was erected
in 1S52; measures 105 feet by 84; and superseded a pre-
vious structure built in 1807, at a cost of £10,000. — St.
John's market, in Elliott-street, was erected in 1820-2,
at a cost of £36,813; is built partly of stone, but chiefiy
of brick; mea.sures 549 feet in length, 135 in width,
and nearly 2 acres in area; is roofed throughout in five
ranges, and lighted by 136 windows, vrith casements
opcuing on swing centres; and forms avast hall with
llagged floor, lofty, well lighted, well ventilated, and
divided into five avenues by rows of elegant cast-iron
pillars 2a feet high, .supporting the conjoined abutments
of the roof. Nearly 60 shops are ranged along the walls;
stalls and tables for provisions, vegetables, fniit, poultry,
egg-i, &c., are ranged thioughout the body of tlie area;
and at night the whole inti:rior is brilliantly illuminated
by 144 gas-lights. — St. Alartin'-i market jircsents otn)
front to Scotland-road, and anotlvr to Bevington-bush;
was erected, in lS:n, at a cost of about £1-3,000; is in
the Doric style, witli poiticocs and an entablature;
inea-5ures, withi'.i walls, 213 feet by 135; is divided into
live avenues, — a central or main one, with two on each
side; has lighted and well-ventilated roofs; .and include-!,
apart from the main area, a fish-market and garbage-
yard. — St. James's market, in Great (!coi-ge-streft, was
originally a fish-market, but was changed into a general
one in 1S26; was erected at a cost of £13,662; is built
partly of stone, but chiefly of brick; occupies an area of
about 3,000 square yards; and is covered with a lighted
and ventilated roof, supported by rows of handsome cast-
iron pillars. — The fish-market adjoins the Royal amphi-
theatre, in the vicinity of St. John's market; was opene.l
in 1837; is a neat and com.modious structure, with stone
front; contains 19 shops and 56 stalls, furnished with
marble slabs; and has underneath it 22 vaults. — Tlio
cattle-market is near the Old Suan, about 1^ mile
NNE of Edge-hill; vrxi opened in 1830; and is the .scene
of a very extensive trade on every ilonday. A whole-
sale market was projected in 1865, to be constructed on
a site of 10,640 square yards, near St. John's market;
and to cost, according to estimate, £37,875, — or, in-
cluding corporation property, £80,000.
The Royal Bank buildings, in Dale-street, were erected
in 1839; are in the Corinthian style, with rich ornature
of carvings, mouldings, and other details; and are sur-
mounted, at the centre, by a stone scul)iture of ihe royal
arms. The frobt and the sides are occupied as merchants'
offices and sale-rooms; and the bank itself is I'laced at
the end of an area. — The Adelphi Bank and Chambers
stand in South John-street, opposite the Eldon Chambers;
and are fine modern buildings. — The Union Bank stands
in Brunswick-street; is a small but handsome edifice;
and has, in the front, two chaste Ionic coluu:r.s on a
high plinth, surmounted by a pediment, in which aio
some excellent carvings. — The North and South AVales
Bank stands in James-street; is a very handsome build-
ing, well-adjusted to a small site; and has, in the front,
a Corinthian portico, surmounted by a pediment. — The
Commercial Bank, the Branch Bank of England, and the
Mercantile and Exchange Bank, are in Castle-street; the
Alliance Bank and the International Bank are in Brown's
buildings; the Bank of Liveq)ool and the Manchester
and Liverpool Distiict Bank are in Water -street ; the
Eastern Exchange Bank and the National Bank of Liver-
pool are in Cook-street; the Northwestern Bank is in
Dale-street; and nearly all are more or less ornamental.
— The Electric Telegraph office stands on the E side
of Castle-street; and a pole 40 feet high rises from its
roof, furnished at the top with a time-ball, 6 feet in
diameter, which falls jirecisely at one o'clock of Green-
wich time. — The Ship Telegraph is in a tall campanile
tower, near St. Nicholas church; succeeded one on the
semaphore principle, first placed on the sunmiit of the
Tower buildings in the old churchyard; communicates
electrically through five intennediate stations, over a dis-
tance of about 130 miles, with a primary telegraph at Holy-
head; and 13 maintained at a cost of about £1,200 a-year.
The original semapliore telegraph began to work in Oct.
1827; conveyed one of its first messages from Holyhead
to Bidston in 15 minutes, but was afterwards worked so
expertly as sometimes to convey signals from Holyhead
and back in less than one minute. — The Observatory, at
the NW corner of the Prince's Dock basin, is a plain
structure; but serves the same purpose as the time-ball
pole on the Electric Telegraph oUlce, by indicating, in
the same way as there, Greenwich tiiiie at precisely one
o'clock. — Many of the insurance offices, the hutels, and
the other kinds of semi-public buildings, arc highly or-
namental; but they are too numerous to be separately
noticed within our limits. One hotel, in Dale-street, was
projcctetl in 1S61, to be built at a co.st of about £100,000,
and to contain 400 bed-rooms, besides public and privato
rooms; another, in Lime-street, presents a front of four
stories, with each seventeen window.-*, and is ornamented
with Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian decorations; and a
third, confioiiLing Kanelagh-street, pi'e.-;ents a magnifi-
cent front (if three stories, besides an attic, and his a
sup'.-rb coven-d bah-ony extending from end to cud.
The monument of George III. stands at the junction
of London-road and Pembroke-place; was originally
founded in Great George -squ.aro, in ISO'.), in the COUi
LIVERPOOL.
64
LIVErvPOOL.
anniversiiry of George Ill's, accession to the throne;
was afterwards transfeiTed to its present site; and is an
equestrian statue by "Westmacott, in that celebrated
scidptor's best style. — Wellington's monument stands at
tho N end of St. George's Hall; was erected, in 1863,
after a design by Jlr. A. Lawson of Edinburgh, at a cost
of about £5,000; comprises a pedestal of granite and red
sandstone, 15^ feet high,— a Doric column, 10 ftet in
diameter, and SI feet high,— and a sunnounting bronze
statue of the Duke, 14 feet high. The statue was cast
from caunon taken at Waterloo, and given for the pur-
pose by the government; and the Duke is represented
in a general's undress imifonn. — A monument to the
late Prince Consort was projected in 1863, to consist of
an equestrian statue by Thomeycroft. — A memorial to
the late Rev. Dr. Raffles was erected in Greenland-
street, in 1864, at a cost of £5,000; is a large building,
after designs by llr. J. Mason; and comprises a work-
men's hall, reaing-rooms, and a ragged school.
The county-jail and house of correction is in Kirkdale
township, and has been noticed in our article Kirkdale.
The borough jail stands in Walton-on-the-Hill parish;
was originally built under the personal inspection of the
benevolent John Howard; is the largest model prison in
England, and has capacity for 627 male and 429 female
prisoners. The maiu bridewell is in Cheapside; and
other bridewells are in Athol-street, Hotham-street,
Campbell-street, Jordan-street, Olive-street, Prescot-
street, and Coburg dock. The one in Everton is a small
round building in the centre of a green plot. — The
female penitentiary is in Falkner-street ; the juvenile
reformatory is in Mount- Yernon-gi-een; and the reforma-
tory school is in WelliQgton-roa<l — The militia barracks,
for the artillery volunteers, are in Rupert-lane; and were
constructed in 18G2, at a cost of £13,000. — A new bridge
across the canal at Chiseuhale-slreet was built in 1866,
at a cost of about £4,500; and has a single arch of 39 feet
in span, and a roadway 28 feet wide. — A bridge across
the Mersey, from Derby-square in Liverpool to Hamilton-
square in Birkenhead, was projected in 1S65; to be car-
ried on lattice-work piers at a height of 160 feet above
highwater-levcl, and to have two central s]ians each 1,500
■ feet wide; but it possibly may not be constractcd. — Other
public buildings will "be noticed in subsequent para-
graphs.
The Parish. — Liverpool parish, as already noted, was
originally and long a part of Walton-on-the-Hill par-
ish; was made a separate and distinct paiish so late as
the time of William III.; forms the portion of the bor-
ough along the Mersey between Toxteth Park and Kirk-
dale, and landward thence to Edge-hill and Everton; is
contermiuate with Liverpool poor-law union or district;
and is divided, as a district, into the sub-district of St.
Martin, contermiuate with the Scotland ward of the bor-
ough,— the sub-d. of Howard-street, cont. with Vaux-
hall ward, — the sub-d. of Dale-street, cont. with St.
Paul's and Exchange wards,— the sub-d. of St. George,
cont. with Castle-street and St. Peter's wards, — the sub-d.
of St. Thomas, cont. with Pitt-street and Great George
wards, — the sub-d. of Mount Pleasant, cont. with Rodney
and Abercromby wards, — and the sub-d. of Islington,
cont. with Lime-street and St Anne's wards. Acres,
2,220; of which 660 are water in the Jlersey. Pop. in
1851, 258,236; in 1861, 269,742. Houses, 37,041.
Pop. of St Jlurtin sub-d. in 1851, 61,777; in 1861,
81,223. Hou-Sfs, 11,056. The pop. of 1861 included
1,385 persons on board of vessels; and the increase of it
arose mainly from improvements in the docks, and from
erection of houses for the labouring classes. Pop. of
Howard-street sub-d. in 1851, 27,042; in 1861, 24,816,
. — of whom 1,150 were persons on board of vessels.
Houses, 3,226. Pop. of Dale-street sub-d. in 1S51,
31,763; in 1861, 29,078, — of whom 377 were pei-sons on
board of vessels. Houses, 3,930. The decrease of pop.
arose from the demolition of houses for the erecting of
shops and public buildings, and from the restrictive regu-
lations imposed on lodging-house keepers. Pop. of St.
George sub-d. in 1851, 19,823; in 1S61, 16,827,— of
whoai 2,040 were persons on board of vessels. Houses,
2,031. The decrease of pop. arose from the demolition
of houses for the erecting of offices, &c. Pop. of St.
Thomas sub-d. in 1851, 33,957; in 1861, 29,142,— of
whom 1,211 were persons on board of vtssels. Houses,
2,tJ25. The decrease of pop. arose from the demolition
of houses for the erection of warehouses and manufactur-
ing establishments. Pop. of Mount Pleasant sub-d. in
1851, 41,99.7; in 1S61, 47,410. Houses, 6,901. Pop.
of Islington sub-d. in 1851, 40,977; in 1S61, 41,241.
Houses, 6,272. Poor-rates of the parish or district in
180.3, £106,315. Marriages in 1863, 4.215; births,
10,009, — of which 470 were illegitimate; deaths, 9,857,
of which 4,570 were at ages under 5 years, and 50 at
ages above 85. Jlarriages in the ten years 1851-60,
40,259; births, 90,131; deaths,. 87,898.
The parish is cut ecclesiastically into the sections of
St. Peter-Avith-St. -Nicholas, St. George, St Thomas,
St. Paul, St. Anne, St. John, St Stephen, St. JIatthew,
St. Mark, St. Michael, St. David, St Jlartin-in-the-
Fields-with-St James-the-Less, St. Bride, St. Catherine,
St. Barnabas, St Silas, St Bartholomew, St. Saviour, St
ilatthias, St. Simon, All Saints, St. Mary Slagdalene,
Bevicgton, and Vauxhall; and it includes also, without
assigned teiTitorial Hmits, the charges of Holy Trinity,
Christ Church, St. Mark-district-church, St. Andrew,
St. Philip, St. Luke, St. Titus, Mariners' Church, Holy
Innocents, St. Columba, St Mary-for-the-Blind, and
Gernuan Church. Pop. in 1861, of St George, 4,002; of
St Thomas, 4,984; of St Paul, 7,637; of St Anne,
10,330; of St John, 5,561; of St Stephen, 14,449; of
St Matthew, 12,197; of St. Mark, 10,066; of St Mi-
chael, 8,819; of St David, 7,442; of St Martin-in-
the-Fields-with-St James-the-Les.s, 16,961; of St. Bride,
3,954; of St Catherine, 9,679; of St. Banuibas, 7,544,
of St. Silas, 7,019; of St Bartholomew, 8,777; of St
Savi'.ur, 4,615; of St. Matthias, 10,074; of St. Simon,
5,710; of AH Saints, 9,204; of St Mary Jlagdalene,
10,000; of Bevington, 14,381; of Vauxhall, 8,512. The
living of St. Peter-with-St. Nichol.xs is a rectorj', and
all the other livings are p. curacies, in the diocese
of Chester. Value, of St. George, St Catheriue, and
HolvTrinit}-, each £250; of St. Thomas, £138; of St.
Paul, St. Philip, and St Michael, each £400 ; of St
Anne, £99; of St John, £200; of St Stephen, St. Mark,
St. Barnabas, St. Bartholomew, St. Matthias, All Saints,
St. JIary Magdalene, Bevington, and Vauxhall, each
£300; of St David, £203; of St. Martin-in-the-Fields-
with-St James-the-Less, £320; of St Bride, £305; of
St. Silas, £500; of St Simon, £150; of Chri.st Church,
£105; of St. ]Mark-district-church, £100; of St Andrew,
£295; of the others, not reported. Patron of St, Petcr-
with-St Nicholas, J. Stewart, Esq. ; of St. George, W.
Titherington, Esq. ; of St Thomas, St Mark, St David,
St Bride, St. Catherine, St Barnabas, St. Silas, St. Bar-
tholomew, St. Saviour, St Mary Magdalene, Christ
Church, St. Titus, ilariners' Church, and St. ilary-for-
the-BIind, Trustees; of St. Paul, G. Ramsden, Esq. ; of
St. Anne, the Rev. T. Stringer; of St. John, the Rev.
H. M'Noile and others; of St Stephen, St JIatthew, and
St. Matthias, the Rector of St Peter-with-St Nicholas; of
St. ilichael, the Rev. J. Lawrence; of St. Martin-in-
the-Fields-with-St James-the-Less, Simeon's Trustees;
of St. Simon, All Saints, Bevington, and Vauxhall, al-
ternately the Crown and the Bishop; of Holy Trinitj",
the Kev. N. Loraine; of St Mark-district-ehurch, the
Incumbent of St. Mark; of St. Philip, J. Fcrinhough,
Esq. ; of St. Luke, the Representatives of the late C.
La\\Tence, E.sq. ; of the others, not reported. The livings
in the other paiis of the borough, and in parts contiguous
to it, are noticed in the articles on their respective lo-
calities.
Places of Worship. — The places of worship within tho
parish, in 1851, were 36 of the Church of England, with
36,890 sittings; 2 of the Church of Scotland, with 2,650
s. ; 4 of English Presbyterians, with 3,900 s. ; 1 of
United Presbyterians, with 1,160 s.; 1 of Reformeil
Irish Presbytenans, with 120 s. ; 5 of Indepeudents,
with 4,276 s. ; 7 of Baptists, with 3,970 s. ; 1 of Quakers,
with940 s. ; 2 of Unitarians, with 1,531 s. ; 6 of Wcsleyans,
LIVERPOOL.
65
LIVERPOOL.
with 3,76"2 s. ; 2 of New Conne.xion MetUodists, with
l.SrO s.; 2 of Primitive Methodists, with 1,300 s. ; 3 of
ths 'VVesleT.'ui Association, with 2,220 s. ; 4 of Welsh
Cilvinisticilethodists, with 2,S07 s. ; 1 of Indepeiul-nt
ilethoJiits, with SO attendauts ; 1 of Saiulemanians,
with 39 at. ; 2 of the New Church, with 600 s. ; 5 unde-
fiaed, with 1,517 s. ; 1 of the Catholic and Apostolic
Ciitircli, with 100 s. ; 9 of Itoman Catholics, with 8,S0tJ
s. ; and 3 of Jews, with 710 s. Tlie places of worship
within the borouy;h, in IS.^l, were 59 of the Church of
England, with C0,545 sittings; 10 of Independents,
wit"h 7,942 s. ; 11 of Baptists, \vith 6,520 s. ; 4 of Unita-
rians, with 1,791 s. ; 17 of Wesleyaos, with 8,944 s. ; 3 of
New Conueiion iletho'lists, with 2,020 s. ; 4 of the
VVesleyan Association, with 2,431 s. ; 5 of Welsh Cahi-
nistic Methodists, with 4,241 s. ; 1 of Lady Huntingdon's
Connexion, with 150 s. ; 14 of isolated congregations,
^Tith 2,095 s.; 1 of Latter Day Saints, with 9 s. ; 16 of
Koman Catholics, with 14,213 s. ; and the same of other
denominations as in the parish. The places of worship
in 1S66, taken as Lucludiiig some in the course of erec-
tion, some close on the borough boundaries, some in
suburbs lying compact 'svith the borough, and some ob-
scure or ephemeral ones, cannot be. very correctly enu-
merated; but, even exclusive of the doubtful or the ob-
scure ones, they may be stated at upwards of 200, with
an increase of sittings fully proportionate to the increase
of churches. The new ones, too, have been erected
EOmewhat ei|naUy by the Church of England and by
other denominations; and very many of thera, as well as
very many of the less recent, are large and elegant.
S'l Nicholas' church stands at the foot of Chapel-
street, on the site of the ancient chapel, long the only
place of worship in the town; was built in 1776; is in a
mLxrtl style of architecture; compiises nave, aisles, and
chaiicel, with tower and spire; and contains a memorial
window to v. P. Campbell, Esq., who died of injuries
sustained in the Crimean war, and interesting monuments
to V\'. Clanon, Ksq., H. Bluudell, Esq., Bryan Blun-
dell, Esq.,"Capt. W. N. Wright, and Mrs. Earle. The
tower is 120 feet high, of three stages, and elegant; the
spir^ is a lantern one, 60 feet high, and richly deco-
rated; and they were rebuilt in 1S15, in room of a pre-
vious steei-'le which fell in 1810. and buried twenty-two
persons in its ruins. The church-yard had formerly
a statue of St. Nicholas; and, so late as iess than a cen-
tury .".go, WIS wa-shed by the waters of the ilersey; the
space now intervening between it and the river having
been all gained foot by foot in the couree of the construc-
tion of the docks. — St. Peter's church stands in Church-
street; was built in 1704; is in a tasteless variety of the
Italian style; has a tower upwardly of octagonal fonu:
and contains some good oak carving, and two rich monu-
ments to W. Lawle}', Esq., and W. Cuulltte, Esq. — St.
George's church stands in Derby-square, on the site of
the ancient castle; was built in 1734, and rebuilt in 1825;
and has an elegant octagonal steeple, with Ionic columns
belo^ and Corinthian columns above, surmounted by a
lofty spire.— There is also a St. George's church in Ever-
toQ. — St. Thomas" church stands in Park-lane: was built
in 1750; shows a rustic basement, and two rows of win-
d.iws, with alternations of two Ionic piilasters : and has
a steeple of 1S45. The origmal steeple was 240 feet high;
snlfered much damage from a storm in 1757: was de-
nudfe-i of its spire in 1822; acquired then a cupola-capped
Iieiagonal turret, in lieu of the spire; and was razed to the
ground in IS 44. — .St. Paul's church stands in St. P.iul's-
square ; was built iu 1709, in miniature imitation of St.
Paul's, London; has a boldly projecting tetrastyle Ionic
portico on the Wfnnit; has also attached totrastyle Ionic
porticoes on the N and the Sfrouts; and is surmounted \iy
a dome, rising from an octagonal b:ue, supportt>d by
eight large Ionic pillai-s, and crowned with a lant'-rn. — St.
Anne's chnrch facts the N eud of St. Anne's-street; e.\-
ten'is from N to S, instead of from E to W; is iu a variety
of the pjointed style, of stuccoed brick and stone ; and
has, at the N end, a pinnacled brick tower. — St. John's
churjh stands iu St. John'.s lane, beside St. Georgn 'shall;
was built in 1734; is a rectangular structure, in jioor
jiointed style, with tvo rows of fi\o windows on each of
the longer sides; and has a square tower 123 feet higli,
surmounted by a number of small pinnacles. Its church-
yard was formerly much ciowded; and there were so
many as 27,080 interments iu it during the twenty years
ending in 1820.
St. Stephen's church stands near the end of Byrom-
street; was erected as a Baptist chapel in 172-J; was long
the only Baptist chapel in Liverpool; went, by sale, to
the Church of England iu 1702; assumed then the name
of St. Stephen's church; and is a quaint and plain yet
neat-looking structure, with a belfry. St Matthew's
church stands in Scotland-road; was originally St. Peter's
Scotch Kirk; went, by sale, to the Church of England in
1849; is a handsome edifice in the Saxon style; and has
a fine turreted tower, surmounted by a spire. St. Mark's
church stands in Upper Duke-street ; was built by sub-
scription, at a cost of £18,000, in 1803,— and consecrated
in 1815; is a plain but very large edifice; and has a rich
painted E window. St. iliehael's church stands in Up-
per Pitt-street; was founded in 1816, and completed hi
1826, at a cost of £45,267; is a beautiful and imposing
edifice; has, at the W end, a Corinthian portico of ten
columns and two half columns, surmounted by tower and
spire, — and at the E end, four Corinthian columns; and
contains monumental tablets to the Rev. T. Johnson
and the Rev. H. Bury. The tower is of two stages, re-
spectively Ionic and Corinthian; and the spire, in con-
sequence of having been injured by a thunder-storm, was-
rebuilt in 1841. St. David's church stands in Brownlow-
hill; was erected in 1827; and is appropriated to the use
of the Welsh inhabitants of the town. The church of
St. Martin-in-the-Fields stands between Blenheim-street
and Great Oxford-street; was built by government, at a
cost of £20,000, on a site given by E. Houghton, Esq. ; is
in the early decorated English style; and has a pinnacled
tower and spire, much blackened by smoke from chim-
neys in the vicinity. St. Bride's church stands between
Percy-street and Catherine-street; has, in front, a bold
hexastyle Ionic portico, — and on each side six windows
of Greco-Egj'ptian form; projects the chancel from the
main body^and is well fitted in the interior, with gal-
leries resting on slender cast-iron pillars, and with a pan-
elled ceiling. St. Catherine's church stands on the E
side of Abercromby-Sfiuare: was built by subscription,
after designs by Fester; is a very handsome edifice, in
pure Grecian style; has a hexastjie Ionic portico, and s
cupola; is fitted, in the interior, with galleries resting on
square pillars, and with a richly panelled ceiling; and
is lighted only from the altar-window and from the
cupola. Another church of the same name is at Edge-
hill; was built in 1863, at a cost of £3,000; and is iu
the early English style, of red brick with Stourton stone
facings. St. Barnabas' church stands in Parliament-
street; was built iu 1341; is a handsome red-stone edifice,
in the early English style; and has a beautiful tower and
spire, 135 feet high. St. Silas' church stands in Pem-
broke-place; is a fine structure, of brick with stone
facings; and has a red-stone tower and spire, and a very
elegant interior. St. Bartholomew's church stands in
Naylor-street, and is a handsome stone building. St.
Saviour's church stands iu Bloom-street, near the S
boundary of the borough; is a jilain stuccoed edifice, in
the Roman style; and lias an octagonal tower, terminat-
ing in pediments, and .'surmounted by a vase.
St. Matthias" church stands in Great Howard-street,
amid a street-locality which has been almost tot.ally
changed in the course of the modern improvements of tlw
town; succeeded a previous church which was built in
1834, and which required to bo taken down in connexion
with operations for the formation of a railway terminus;
dates itself from 1849; and is an edifice in the pointed
style, altogether different in appearance from its prcde-
ces.sor. St. Simon's church stands in Gloucester-street,
near the terminus of the Northwestern railway; was
built in 1S4S; is a haudsome edifice, iu the pointed style,
with lofty tower and spire; an<l succeeded a previous
church which was built about 1808 by the Associate or
Burgher Scottish Presbvterians, bore for a time the uam.^
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of Silver HLU chapel, was relinquished by its congrega-
tion in 1827 for their new place of worship at Mount
Pleasant, and passed afterwards into possession of the
Church of England. All Saints" church stands in Great
Nebon-street, and is in the early English style. The
church of St ilary Magdalene stands in Finch-street;
and there are churches of St. Maiy in Edge-hill, Kirk-
dale, Bootle, Wavertree, and Walton. There wad also a
church of St. Mary in Harrington-street, erected in 1776;
but it was taken down in 1809, and not rebuilt. There
is likewise a church of St. Mary, often called the church
for the Blind, at the comer of Hardman-street and Hope-
street; and this succeeded a previous church on a neigh-
bouring site, and forms one of a cluster of grand and
beautiful public buildings. The previous church was
built in 1819; and was taken do^vn in 1S50, to give place
to an enlargement of the Northwestern railway ter-
minus. The present church is in purs Grecian stjde,
after designs by Foster; has an elegant portico, copied
from that of the temple of Jupiter Panhellenius, in the
island of Egina; is neatly fitted in the interior; contains
two fine paintings by Hilton and Haydon; and com-
municates, by a subterraneous passage, with the school
for the blind. Holy Trinity church stands in St. Anne-
street; was bmlt by private proprietors, in 1792; is a
large stone structure, with a W tower surmounted by
vases; and recently underwent a thorough repair. There
are also three churches of the same name in Parliament-
street, inAnfield-'Walton-Breck, and in Wavertree. Christ
church stands in Hunter-street; was built in 1794, at a
cost of £15,000, aU defrayed by John Houghton, Esq.,
who also endowed it; is crowned by a large dome, sur-
mounted by a lantern, with e.Tterior circular gallery,
commanding a fine view of the to\vn; and is fitted in-
teriorly with two rows of galleries, lower and upper.
There is abo a church of the same name in Everton. St.
Philip's church stands in Hardman-street; was built at a
cost of about £12,000; and is in the pointed style, of
painted brick and ornamental cast-iron.
St. Luke's church stands at the N end of Berry-street,
fronting the end of Bold-street; was founded in 1811,
and completed in 1831, after designs by Foster, at a cost
of £44,110; is in the decorated English style, of superior
stone and excellent workmanship; consists of nave, aisles,
and chancel, with a tower, all elegantly decorated; has a
brilliant interior, with stained glass windows of various
designs, and with armorial devices; and was regarded, by
a writer in Blackwood's Magazine, as resembling a cathe-
dral, and as worthy of being made the seat of a new
bishopric should one be formed out of that of Chester.
Mariners' church is a floating fabric, moored at the S end
of George's dock; was formerly a sloop of IS guns; and
was presented by government, to be formed into a church.
Holy Innocents' church stands in }I}Ttle-street; and was
budt in 1854, at costs defrayed by H. Banner, Esq. St.
Jude's church stands in Hard wick-street, on ground given
by the Marquis of Salisbury; was buut by subscriptions
and donarions; is in the style of the 13th century, of brick
and stone, without a tower; and has a handsome and
commodious interior. St. James' church stands in Ches-
terfield-street, Toxtoth Park; and is a plain brick build-
ing, with round-headed windows, and with a square
tower. St Augustine's church stands in Shaw-street,
adjoining the Collegiate institution; was built in 1830;
is in the Grcco-Egyplian style, with stucco imitarion of
stone; and has a tower, copied partly from the Choragic
monument of Thrasyllus at Athens, and partly from the
Ionic temple of Ilisius. St Clement's church stanils in
Stanhope-street, in the part of the to\^•n called Windsor;
and is a small but elegant red-stone edifice, in the pointed
styli-?. St. John-the-Baptist's church stands in Park-
road; and is a very neat edifice of red stone, in the pointed
style. St. Paul's church, Belvidere-road, Prince's Park,
was built in 1848; is in the later English style, with
tower and spire 150 feet high; h-os a floor of encaustic
tiles, tiistefully arranged; and contains about 2,000
sittings. St. Aidin's church, in Victoria-road, was built
in 1860, at a cost of £3,500; and is in the early English
style, of red sandstone. St. Thomas' church, in War-
wick-street, was built and endowed in 1841, by John
Gladstone, Esq.; and contains about 1.000 sittings. St.
Timothy's church, in Pwokeby-street, Everton, stands in
a poor neighbourhood; was buUt in 1302, at a cost of
£2,300; and is in a plain variety of the decorated Eng-
lish style. Other chiu-ches in the parts of the borough
beyond Liverpool parish, and in the suburbs, arc noticed
in the articles on their respective localities.
Oldham-street Scotch kirk was built in 1793; and is
a large, plaiu, brick edifice. St. Andrew's Scotch kirk,
in Rodney-street, is an elemmt structure, with handsome
stone front; and has an Ionic portico, sunnounted by
rwo square turrets, each of which is ornamented with
eight Corinthian columns, and crowned with a cupola.
St. George's Presbyterian church, in Myrtle-street, was
built in 1845; and is an elegant stone edifice, in the
Norman style. The Free Presbyterian church, in Can-
ning-street, is a recent erection, at a cost of about
£4.500; is in the early EngHsh style, all faced with whitu
stone; and has a bold tower and spire, 114 feet high.
The United Presbyterian church at Slount Pleasant, was
built in 1827; and has a handsome stone front, with four
Doric pillars, and an upper range of five round-headed
windows. The United Presbyterian church at the junc-
tion of Breck-road and Queen's-road, Everton, was built
in 1865; is in the Later English style, with a nave about
74 feet by 66, and a transept of 15 feet by 19; and has a
tower and spire 133 feet high. The United Presbj'terian
church, in Prince's-road, was buUt in 1866, chiefly of
brick; consists of nave and transepts, with a tower 135
feet high; and has, behind it, a large lecture-hall. The
Irish Presbyterian church, in Islington, is a stuccoed
brick builtllng, and has four Doric pillars in its front.
Great George-street Independent chapel was built in
1841; succeeded a previous chapel on tlie same site,
erected in 1812, and burnt in 1840; is an elegant edifice
in the Grecian style, 127 feet long and 63 feet wide; h;is,
on the principal front, a serai-circular portico of. ten
fluted monolithic columns, after the model of the temple
of Jupiter Stator, sunnounted by a richly ornamented
dome on a circular stylobate; is adorned, along tlie flanks,
by Corinthian pilasters, alternating with serai-circular-
headed windows; and has a chaste and beautiful interior,
with panelled ceiling. Renshaw- street Independent
chapel was baUt in 1777, by a body of English Presby-
terians; passed, by their union with anotlier congrega-
tion, into possession of Independents; and was new-
fronted with a neat Gothic facade in 1820. Norwood
Independent chapel was built in 1862, at a cost of nearly
£5,000; is in the decorated English style, of red sand-
stone with Stourton-stone dressings; and has a lofty
turret on each side of the principal entrance. Everton-
crescent Independent chapel was buUt in 1833, in lieu of
a previoxis chapel in Hotham-street, erected in 1802, and
eventually sold to the New Conne.'don Methodists; and is
a neat stone edifice, with a tetrastyle Ionic portico.
Stanley Independent chapel was built in 1365, at a cost
of £3,800; and is in the decorated English style. Chad-
wick-Mount Independent chapel, in Everton, was built
in 1866, at a cost of £1,500; is in the Roman Ionic stj'le;
and was constructed on a plan to admit of much enlarge-
ment.
The Welsh Calvinistic chapel in Princes-road, in lieu
of a previous one in Bedford-street, was founded in the
summer of 1865; and was designed on a plan to cost
about £15,000. Mvrtle-street Baptist chapel, opposite
the Philharmonic Hall, was built in 184 4; was subse-
quently so enlarged as to contain about 2,000 sittings;
and is in a variecj- of the pointed style, irith a number of
ornate pinnacled turrets at both ends. B^Ton-street
Baptist chapel was Luiit in 1789; is a large, plain and
substantial edifice; wjs so ranch menaced by the forma-
tion of a contiguous tunnel of the Northeastern railway
as to be abandoned and sold by its congregation; and
passed afterwards into posscision of another Baptist body.
Crowm-stre«t Baptist cnapel is a recent erection, of very
handsome appearance; and has a missive tetrastyle Ionic
portico. The Quakers" raeeting-hon.se, in Hunter-.=treet,
is a laige and plain building. Bnmswick chapel, iu
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67
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■Jloss-street, the principal Wesleyan chapel in Liverpool,
u a hands-jme eJjdce, with stone front nnd Ionic portico;
and is interiorly formed in the wanner of an amphi-
theatre, with about 1,500 sittings. Great Homer-street
Weilevan chapel has a handsome Greci^in front. Pitt-
str^tc "Wesleyan ch^ipel w;is built about ISIO, on the site
■)f 3 previous chapel, which was the earliest Methodist
one in Liverpool, and in which John Wesley preached.
Upp'er Stanhope-street Wesleyan chapel is a large and
finerdilice, with stone front and neat portico; and has,
attached to it, a cemetery enclosed by a stong wall and
palisades. Princes-park Wesleyan chapel was built in
1533, at a cost of £7,000; is in the decorated English
style, all of stone; and has a high-pitched gable front,
■with richly carved doorway and four -light traceried
win lows, ilatiked with square towers and tall spires.
HoT-e-srreet Unitarian chapel was built about 1S50; forms
one of a group of fine public buildings; and is an elegant
c-dinee, in the jiointed style. Park-road Unitarian chapel
■W4S btlilt in 1662 ; and is a picturesquely ivy-clad edifice,
surrounded by a bur}iug-ground. The Catholic Apos-
tolic church, in Canning-street, is a splendid cmciform
edifice, in the late decorated English style; is surmounted,
near the centre, by a handsome spire 200 feet high; and
has a richly-ornate interior, with cathedral arrangements.
Tha Greek church, at the corner of Princes-Park-road
and Berkeley -street, was built in 1866-7; is in the
Bvz.intine style, of brick, stone, and marble; comprises
uartaex, nave, aisles, transepts, and apsidal chancel ; is
surnountcd by small, lead-covered, brick domes, and by
a grind central dome, nearly SO feet high, crowned with
a Greek cross; and has a rich interior. St. Mary's
Ilornin Catholic church, between Edmund-street and
Omioni-street, otf Oldhall -street, was built in 1845, at a
coit cf about £14,000; is in the style of the early part of
the 14th centtiry; consists of nave, aisles, chancel, and
Lady chapel, with a SW tower; contains a very beauti-
ful pulpit of Caen stone, and three rich canopied sedilia;
has a chancel-fioor of enamelled encaustic tiles; and suc-
ceede'l a plain brick church on the same site, which again
succeede-i a coMfmratively ancient one, destroyed by tire
in 1745. St. Peter's Pioman Catholic chapel, in Seel-
strsct, is a plain but commodious e^lifice. St. Joseph's
Kom.xn Cat'nolic chapel, in Grosvenor-street, on the site
of a once famous tennis court, was built in 179S, as a
church of the Establishment; bore, while belonging to
the Establishment, the name of All Saints; was sold to
The Koman Catholics in 1344; and has accommodation
for about 2,0l'0 persons. St. Francis Xavier's Roman
Catholic church, in >>alisbury-street, was built in 1849;
is in the pointed style, 150 feet long, and 60 feet wide ;
and is a very hanelsoine or even splendid edifice. St.
Anthony's Roman Catholic chapel, in Scotland-road, was
erected in 1332; is an elegant edifice, in the pointed style,
■with accommodation for about 1,700 persons; stands over
a deep crypt, containing 654 single burial vaults, — and
also over some other burial vaults; and succeeded a pre-
■\iot;s chapel of the same name, which was sold and con-
vertcl into dwelling-houses, at St. Anthony's -place,
Mile-Eai .St. Patrick's Roman Catholic chapel, in
I'ark-jilace, Park-road, is an elegant and spacious edifice,
with a bur.injj-ground attached; and has, in front, a
large and well-formed statue of St. Patrick. St. Nicholas'
Konian C.^thuli; chapel, in Hawke-street, ranks as a
i-ati.edral ; is in a richly executed variety of the pointed
style: and raakvs a plentiful display of pinnacles. St.
Anne's Rornau Cath'dic cliapel, in Duke-street, Edgo-
hUl, ii a neat structure in the pointed style; and has,
connected with it, a school and an asylum. Holy Cro-s
Roman C.itholic church, in Standish-strcct, was built in
1S61; measures 102 feet in length, .30 in width, and 70 in
height; is very rich in constructive decoration; and ha.s
attac'ced to it a presbytery and other buildings. St.
Mi'-hael's Roman Catholic chapel, in West Derby-street,
Was built in 1S65, at a cost of about £5,000; measures
100 feet by 50; is in a Continetital v.ariety of tlie pointed
style; and has some good carving, both without and
Wthin. St Oswald's Roman Catholic chapel, at the Old
tJTin, is a splendid edifice in the caiiy English styV ; and
contains armorial bearings of all the canonized kings of
Enf^land. The Roman (Catholic convent of the Sisters of
Mercy, in ilount Vemon-street, is a neat structure in
the pointed style; and has a small chapel, and a private
cemetery. Another convent of the Sisters of Mercy is in
J\iirchough-lane; and tivo other convents are at Mount
Pleasant and Great George-square. The Jews' synagogue,
in Seel -street, succeeded a previous one on another site;
was built, according to a lettering upon it, in A. M.
5568; shows a neat stone front, with tetrastyle Ionic
portico; and has, over the door, a Hebrew inscription.
The Jews' synagogue, in Hope-place, Hope-street, is a
small brick edifice, with a handsome interior.
Cemeteries are attached to very few of the churches;
and most of those which are so have already been noticed.
The Necropolis, or Low Hill cemetery, in West Derby
road, was formed in 1825, at a cost of about £S,000; oc-
cupies an oblong area of about five acres; is separated
from the road by a lofty stonewall; has a stone-front en-
trance, in the Grecian style, with oratory on the one side,
and minister's house on the other; includes a belt of
colonnaded catacombs, 10 feet wide; and is elsewhere
ornamented with shrubbery. The Toxteth Park ceme-
tery, in Smithdown-lane, was formed about 1356; oc-
cupies 464 acres; and contains three chapels for respec-
tively Episcopalians, Dissenters, and Roman Catholics,
all in the pointed style, the first and the second each at
a cost of £700, the third erected in 1864. St James'
cemetery, in Upper Duke-street, was originally excavated
as a stone quarry; was converted to its present use, in
1829, at a cost of £21,000; comprises an area of 44,000
square yards, enclosed by a stone wall and palisades,
with four spacious entrances; contains three successive
galleries of catacombs, an orator}', a minister's house,
and many interesting monuments; and is beautifully
adorned with ■ss'alks, flower-beds, and shrubberies. The
oratory is in pure Doric style, after the model of a Greek
hyprethral temple, surrounded by a small flight of steps;
and contains several well-executed monmnents. The
minister's house is a handsome stone edifice. A circular
mausoleum, inclosing a marble statue of the Hon.
William Huskisson, is near the centre of the ground; was
erected in 183 4; and consists chiefly of tliree-quarter
fluted Corintliian columns, the sunnouuting dome, and
a crowning cross. .St. Mary's cemetoiy, in Walton-road,
Kirkd.ale, occupies nearly three acres; has a very beauti-
ful stone front, ornamented with annorial bearings,
turrets, pinnacles, and various devices; and has, on the
N side, a chaoel with carved oak fittings and oak-ribbed
ceiling, — and on the S side, a minister's house. Anfield-
Park cemetery, in the NE outskirts, beyond Everton,
occupies much ground; is tastefully laid out ^vith shrubs
and trees; and contains mortuary chapels. The Jews'
cemetery, in Deane-street, Fairfield, was opened in 1837;
and has a gateway in the form of an arch, surmounted by
a small distyle Doric portico.
Schools and Iiislilidions. — No reliable census of the
schools of Liverpool has been taken since 1851; but the
census of that year, if corrected for increase of population,
is a key to a proximate estimate, both of the schools and
of the attendance on them, at the present time. The
public day schools, within the borough, in 1851, were 111
with 35,174 scholars; the private day schools were 359,
with 10,190 scholars; and the Sunday schools v.ere 109,
with 22,733 scholars. One of the public schools was
militaiy, with 237 s. ; 1 mariners', with 129 s. ; 2 prison,
with 211 s. ; 2 corporation, with 2,24S s. ; 3 workhonsf,
with 1,800 3. ; 1 collegiate, with 625 s. ; 3 others endowed,
witli 669 s. ; 21 Churcli of England, and national, with
8,058 s. ; 23 Church of England, and not national, with
6,472 s. ; 1 Scottish Presbyterian, with 345 s. ; 2 English
Prcsbj'tcrian, with 343 s. ; 1 Presbjicrian and British,
with 263 s.; 4 Independent, with 1,307 s.; 1 Baptist and
British, vith 128 s. ; 1 Quaker, with 450 s. ; 4 Wesleyan,
with 1.257 s. ; 3 Wesleyan Methodist Association, with
509 3.; 1 Calvinistic Methodist and British, with 250 s. ;
16 Roman Catholic, with 5.389 s.; 1 Jewish, with 80s.;
2 P.ritish and 1 other, aided by religious bodi'-s but not
dciioininarional. witli 1,052 s. ; 4 r-ngged, with 063 s. ; ^
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orphan asylum, with 230 s. ; 1 for the blind, with 88 s. ;
1 for the deaf and dumb, wth 56 s.; 1 of the mechanics'
institute, with 812 s. ; 1 penitentiary, vriih 27 s. ; and 6
subscription, of no specific character, with 1,411 s.
Thirty-four of the Sunday schools were of the Churcli of
England, with 7,138 s.; 1 of the Church of Scotland,
with 183 s. ; 5 of English Presbyterians, with 758 s. ; 2
of United Presbyterians, with 438 s. ; 1 of Scottish Pres-
bj-terians, not defined, with 141 s. ; 11 of Independents,
\vith 2,415 s. ; 10 of Baptists, with 1,948 s. ; 2 of Quakers,
with 105 s. ; 13 of Wesleyans, with 2,459 s.; 3 of New
Connexion Jlethodists, with 543 s. ; 1 of Primitive Me-
thodists, with 171 s.; 5 of the Wesleyan Association,
with 709 s. ; 4 of Welsh Calvinistic Jlethodists, ^ith
1,661 s.; 1 of the New Church, with 70 s.; 10 of unde-
fined Protestant congregations, with 2,232 s. ; 1 of Ger-
man Protestants, -ivith 20 s. ; and 5 of Roman Catholics,
with 1,692 s.
The Corporation North schools stand at Bevington-
bush; arc for boys, girls, infants, and male and female
adults; and ha\-e two masters and three mistresses. The
.Corporation South schools stand in Park-lane; are for
boys, girls, and infants; and have four masters and a
mistress. The Collegiate institution, in Shaw-street,
was built in 1840-3, after designs by H. Lonsdale Elmes,
at a cost of £30,000; is in the Tudo'r style, veiy elegant;
has a principal front 280 feet long, consisting of large
centre and two slightly projecting wings; is pierced,
along the front, with two ranges of lofty mnllioned win-
dows,— and, above the central porch, with a splendid
lofty arch; has there richly carved canopie<i niches, con-
taining statues of Lord Stanley and Lord Francis Eger-
ton; is disposed interiorly in four storie.^, the uppermost
one lighted from the roof; contains 48 apartments, all
25 feet in width, varj'iiig mostly from 20 to 50 feet in
length, used as school-rooms, lecture-rooms, museum,
and painting and sculpture gallery, — the last 218 feet in
length; and includes an attached octagonal lecture-hall,
50 feet high, with two galleries, and containing accom-
modation for 2,300 persons. The institution comprises
lower, middle, and upper schools, for the three great
classes of society, each with separate apartments and
play-grounds; and it has also evening schools for instruct-
ing adults in literature, art, and science. — The Liverpool
Institute, in Mount-street, formerly known as the Me-
chanics' institute, was founded in 1835; was destroyed
by fire and rebuilt in 1837; has subsequently undergone
several extensions; is computed to have cost, altogetlier,
£15,000; occupies, with courts and areas, nearly an acre
of ground; presents a massive stone front, of centre and
■wings, with a bold tetrastylo Ionic portico in the centi'e;
comprises a high school, a commercial school, a girls'
school, a Government school of art, an evening school
of art, and an evening school for instructing adults in
literature, art, and science; contains a the.it re, or lecture-
room, for concerts and for courses of lectures, wth ac-
commodation for upwards of l,50il persons; and is com-
puted to have an income, chiclly from fees, of about
£7,000. — Queen's College, also in Mount-street, and con-
nected mth the Livei-pool Institute, was established in
1857, to afford local facilities for obtaining degrees from
the University of Loudon, and to impart instniction of
a high kind in literature and science; and it affords a
faU collegiate course, by a regular professional stall",
both in day cl.isses and in evening ones, to students above
15 years of age. — Tlio Ladies' College in Blackburne
House, Blackburne-place, Hope-street, a short distance
from the top of !Mouiit-street, is also connected with the
Liverpool Institute ; and affords facUitios to the fair sex
for the extension of an ordinary education. — The Colle-
giate school, in North Bedford-street, is another impor-
tant seminary for females. — The Royal In.sti:ution school,
in Seel-street, is connected with ttio Royal Institution,
afterwards to be noticed; has a handsome front, with
tetrastyle Doric portico; contiins excellent school-rooms;
and gives a classical education to the sons of rc-jpectable
j)crsons.
The blue-coat hospital, in School-lane, was founded
III 1709; was fur'jierly a small building called the Char-
ity-school, educating and clothing 40 boys and 10 girls;
is now an edifice so much enlarged and improved as to
educate, clothe, and board 250 boys and 100 girls; admits
children, chiefly fatherless or orphans, at 9 years of age,
and in due time sends them to trade or to service; forms
three sides of a quadrangle, with .somewhat imposing ap-
pearance; and includes a large hall, and a spacious clia-
pel-room. — AVaterworth's school, in Hunter-street, has
an endowed income of £221. — The school for the blind,
in Hardman-street, close to St. Mary's church for the
blind, was originally founded in London-road in 1791 ; is
a plain but neat building, with a stone front; has accom-
modation for upwar.is of 90 inmates; and includes dor-
mitories, refectories, workshops, and sale-rooms. — The
school for the deaf and dumb, in Oxford-street, was built
in 1840; succeeded a prc\-ious one on another site, opened
in 1825 ; is a somewhat plain building, with some Gre-
cian decoration in its front; and both has inmates resid-
ing in it as an asylum, and many pupils who pay for
their instruction as in other schools. — The feniide orphan
asylum, iu Myrtle-sti-eet, was established in 1840; is
connected with the Church of England; educates, clothes,
and boards about 155 orphan girls; and is a handsome
edifice. — The male orphan asylum, in Hope-street, was
established in 1850, for receiving and educating orphan
boys born in Liverpool, or within 7 miles. — The Roman
Catholic female orphan school, in Falkner-street, was
erected in 1844; is supported, as its name implies, by
Roman Catholics; educates and clothes about 100 or-
phan girls ; and is a jilain edifice, with some Gothic fea-
tures.— The Roman Catholic male oqihan iLsylum, in
Beacon-lane, maintains and educates about 50 orphan
boys, but h;ts accommodation for about 200. The IIj-
man Catholic college, or St. Edward's school, iu St.
Domingo-road, occupies a quondam residence called St.
Domingo House, built on an estate bought with the pro-
ceeds of a French pri2e-.ship from St. Domingo; w;ui
founded to afford a superior education to Roman Catholic
chiliiren of the midiUe and the higher classes; and has
attached to it a small chapel. — St Francis Xavitr's Col-
legiate school, in Salisbury-street, lolhigton, is anothi'r
Roman Catholic establishment; and is conducted by a
president and five masters.— The Liverpool industrial
schools, in Kirkdale, were built in 1845, at a cost of
£32,000; are in the Tudor style; atford industrial eilu-
cation to about 1,150 pauper children; and have, wthin
their grounds, a model of a ship, for teaching the duties
of seamen. — "The industrial ragged schools, in Soho-street ;
the servants' industrial school, in Smithdown-laue; St.
George's industrial school, a Roman Catholic one, iu
West Derby-road; the very munerous national schools
and British schools, in all parts of the town; the Cale
donian free school, in OLiliam-street; the Hebrews' edu-
cational institution and endowed schools, in Hope-place,
Hope-street; and eight ragged schools, in various local-
ities, all rank, in some way or other, as public schools.
Each of thirty- two national schools, and each of eight
British schools, within the borough, besides each of
some others in the suburbs, has departments for boys,
for girls, ami for infants; and each of about twelve more
has departments for bo}"s and for girls.
The Royal institution, in Colquitt-street, was projected
in 1814, to disseminate a taste for literary and scientific
infonnation; was established with a fund of £20,200,
raised in shares of £100 and £50; took the name i>f
Royal institution in 1817; received a charter from the
Crown in 1822; has a large and neat, but comparatively
plain suite of buildings; has very .successfully conducted
the schools, which we have alreaily noticed as connected
with it; has also maintained lecture.-;, which were .at first
well attended, but Iiave considerably iluclined; and Iia.i
a veiy valuable and extensive museum, replete, in every
dep.artment of natural history, and coutainii^.; upwards
of 2,500 specimens of birds alone. The acad'-my of dL'-
sign, the literary and philosophical society, the natural
history society, tlie piiilomathic and tlie polytechnic
societies, the chemists' association, and some other simi-
lar societies, hold their meetings in its lecture-rooms;
and literary and scientific soirees also have latterly.
LIVERPOOL.
69
LIVERPOOL.
•luring the winter months, hecn held. — A scliool of me-
dicine is attached to the Royal institution; and the stu-
(h;nts of it are, under certain regulations, admitted to the
medical and surgical practice of the Liverpool infirmary,
hospitals, aud di.spensaries ; while its certificates qualify
for examination at the authoritative centres of medicine
in London. — The Gallery of art, in Slater-street, facing
the Koyal institution, was established with liberal aid
from the Institution's committee; includes a fine saloon
for casts, confciining collections from the Elgin, the Egina,
and the Phrygalian marbles ; and has a noble upper gal-
ler)', containing a fine marble statue of Roscoe by Chan-
trey, the specimens of early art collected by Herm, and a
great many pictures by the most eminent masters. — An
excellent gymnasium adjoins the gallery of art — The
South District school of art, near the Ladies' college, is
connected with the Liverpool Institute; is a govern-
ment school of desiOT and practical art, both for the ele-
ments and the higher branches; and has both day and
evening classes, and separate classes for ladies. — The In-
stitution exhibition-rooms, in Post-OQice-place — a place
so named from the post-ofBce having been formerly situ-
ated in it — are occupied five months in every year, from
August till December, by the exhibition of the works of
living artists; and they have, of late years, had a display
of BritLsh art inferior only to what may be seen in Lon-
don.— Toolce's bazaar, close by these rooms, though not
properly an institution, may be noticed as containing a
most remarkable collection of wood carvings, fac-similes
of ancient cups and vases, copies of the most famous
Grecian sculptures, copies of ancient Roman bronzes, and
numerous other kinds of artistic curiosities. — Mayer's
Egyptian museum, in Colquitt-street, near tiie top of
Bold-street, also contains a very rich collection of curio-
sities, chiefly antiquities of the Egyptian, the Assj-rian,
the Babylonian, the Grecian, the Roman, the Romano-
British, the Anglo-Saxon, and the Medireval times, to-
gether with a library containing nearly 2,000 volumes of
rare books, and nearly 900 volumes of manuscripts.
The Free library and museum in Shaw's-brow, near St.
George's hall, was built iu IS.'ir-eO, at a cost of £40,000,
all defrayed by Sir WOliam Brown, Bart. ; stands on an
artificial platform, constructed on a slope, to bringits base-
ment on a level with that of St George's hall; measures
5222 feet in length, and 164 feet in depth; lias a stone
front of centre and slightly projecting wings, — the cen-
tre adorned with a he.xastyle Corinthian poi-tico, and the
wings with Corinthian pilasters; has sides of Statlord-
shii-e bricks, with stone dressings; and contains, among
other apartments, a vestibule, a central hall, a public
reading-room, a students' reading-room, museum rooms,
a class room, a lecture room, and a gallery of inventions.
The vestibule measures 31 feet by 23; and contains a
large grotesquely decorated Burmese buU, and a .sitting
statue of Egerton Smith. The central hall is 90 feet
long, 53 feet wide, and 40 feet high ; and is divided into
nave and aisles by Ionic columns, which support the
roof, and an arcade which carries the galleries. The free
library is on the giound floor, to the right of the main
entrance; has capacity for about 100,000 volumes; and
Is adorned, on the walls, by some fine paintings. The
reading-room measures 100 feet in length, and .50 feet iu
width; is mainly lighted by two large sky-lights, and
by windows_ in an attic raised on panelled segmental
arches; but is divided, near the S end, by two Doric col-
umns 111 antis, and is lighted there by two windows. The
students' rea.ling-ioom measures 40 feet by 28; and a
referen'-e library, N of this, and parallel to the principal
rcadii'.g-room, measures 75 feet by 27. The museum-
rooms are ni the left wing of the building, both on the
ground ll-^or and up-stiirs; tlicy comprise one of 70 feet
liy 27, two each .10 feet by 27, and two eacli 40 feet bv
2S; and they contain a rich collection of subjects, ar-
ranged in departriie.it.s. The gallery of inventions is
decorated with ornate iron pillars and findy lighted from
the roof; w.os not opene.l till ISG3; and was visited,
during the first nine month-, by about G00,000 persons.
Two models of Liverpool, a.s it stood in ir,50 and in
1S5], are in the model -room. —Tlr.- AtheiiKum, in
Church-street, was created in 1799, at a cost of £4,000-.
had the merit of being the first institution of its kind iu
England; is a very neat stone structure; is disposed in
news-room and library; and contains upwards of 20,000
volumes, including many rare and curious works. — The
Lyceum, in Bold-street and Church-street, was built in
1802, at a cost of £11,000; presents to Bold-street a he.va-
style Ionic portico, and to Church-street a tetrastyle
Ionic portico; and includes a spacious news-room and a
handsome library, — the latter lighted by an elegant
dome, and containing about 50,000 volumes. — There are
also six other public libraries and news-rooms, — the Liver-
pool, in Bold-street; the Atlantic, in Brunswick-street;
the North Free lending, in Great Nelson-street; tho
South Free lending, in Upper Parliament-street; the
Temperance, in the Elms, Toxteth Park; and the Sea-
men's, in Mann Island, George "s-dock.
The Medical institution, in Hope-street, was built by
subscription, for the use of the medical faculty, at a cost
of about £3,000; has a semicircular front, with a row ol
six Ionic pillars ; and contains a good medical library for
reference and circulation, a laboi-atory, an anatomical mu-
seum, and a lecture-room with capacity for about 350
persons. — The Apothecaries' hall, in Colquitt-street, is
of recent erection, the property of a Joint-Stock com-
pany; succeeded a previous edifice injured by fire in 1845,
and burnt down iu 1846, with estimated loss of £20,000;
presents a beautiful stone front of striking appearance,
with two bold projections, the one over the first story,
the other near the top; has, on the lower projection,
figures of Galen, Hippocrates, Esculapius, and Hygeia,
surmounting eight kneeling bulls, an-anged in pairs; and
contains a spacious hall, with a richlj" worked ceiling,
supported by eight fluted and two plain Corinthian pil-
lars.— The College of chemistry is iu Duke-street, and
trains students in the piinciples of chemical analysis. —
The Botanic gardens are at Edge-lane, on ground pur-
chased in 1S46 for £866; occupy about eleven acres, en-
closed by a substantial stone wall ; contain an elegant
consen^atory, 240 feet in length, and four smaller ones;
and are laid out with considerable taste. — The Zoological
gardens are at West Derby-road; were opened in 1833;
De in a vale, engirt by an amphitheatre of sloping hiUs;
are decorated by art, and traversed by winding walks;
have appliances for amusement and recreation ; and are
so much the scene of sports, dramatic performances, and
pyrotechnic displays, that they ought rather to be called
pleasure gardens.
The Royal infirmaiy, in Brownlow-street, at the cor-
ner of Dover-street, was built in 1824, at a cost of
£27,800, exclusive of tho ground; is a very spacious edi-
fice, both cha,ste nnd elegant; has a largo green in front,
enclosed bj' a stone wall and iron rails, separating it from
the street; presents a principal front of centre and wings,
with six massive Ionic coliunns in the centre; is three
stories high, and all of stone in the front aud in the
sides ; contains about twenty rooms for its committees,
officers, and household; has a ward, in the left wing, for
patients whose cases require immediate attention; is well
arranged, throughout the second and the third stories,
for the use of other patients; comsumes daily about 6,000
gallons of water, raised by a steam-engine; and is main-
tiiined at an annual cost of above £5,000. — The Northern
hospital, in Great Howard-street, was buUt in 1834, on
ground given by the town council; succeeded a previous
large building iu the vicinity; is in the Tudor style, with
projecting windows, lofty gables, and bold turrets; has a
remarkably well-arranged and convenient interior ; and
admits surgery c;ise5 at all hours by day or by night. —
The Southern and Toxteth hospital, in Flint-street,
allbrds meilical assistance to tho poor in its neighbour-
hood, con tains acco:nraodat ion for in-door patients, and ad-
mits surgerj' cases at any hour of day or night. — The Lock
hospital, in Ashton-stroet, was opened in 1834; is a plain
brick building, only one story high; and contains ac-
comniodation for 60 patients. — The ilouse of recovery,
in Brownlow-hill, near the parochial workhouse, was
opened in 1806, for the admission of poor persons suffer-
ing under contagious diseases; is a large stone ctlidce.
LIVERPOOL.
70
LIVERPOOL.
witli plain exterior, but commodious and convenient in-
terior; and is maintained from the poor-rates. — The Lu-
natic asylum, on tlie N side of Browiilow-hill, was erected
in 1830, at a cost of £11,000; is hid from the street by
intercepting high walls; has a front of recessed centre
and projecting mngs ; contains accommodation for 60
patients ; and has extensive airing grounds and otlier
sanatory appliances. — The North dispensary, in Vaux-
hall-road, is a handsome stone building; the South dis-
pensary, in Upper Parliament-street, is a plain building,
formerly a dwelling-house; and the two act in cenjunc-
tion, and assist annuaUy about 20,000 poor persons. —
The Lying-in-hospital and dispensary, in llyrtle-street,
is a handsome edifice, erected in 1S62, at a cost of
£5,218; succeeded a previous house in Pembroke-place ;
and contains accommodation for 35 patients. — There are
also an ophthalmic infirmary, a dental hospital, an infir-
mary for children, an hospital for diseases of the chest,
a house of recovery for females, an hospital at Nether-
field House for infectious diseases, a dispensary for skin
diseases, a homceopathic dispensary, a humane society's
institution, and a ladies' charity for lying-in aid to poor
married women.
The Sailors' Home, in Canning-place, was founded in
1846, by the late P*rince Consort, and opened near the
end of 1850; was gutted by fire in 1860, and, after being
restored, was reopened in 1862; is a very handsome eili-
fice, in the Tudor style; provides lodging, board, and
medical attendance, at reasonable charges, for sailors en-
tering the port; and includes, for their use, a reading-
room, a library, a savings' bank, a chapel, and a nautical
school. A bazaar held at it, for its benefit, in 1851,
yielded upwards of £4,000. The number of its boarders,
in 1863, wa= 6,011; and the amount of deposits in its
savings' bank, £13,444. — The Merchant Seamen's hos-
pital, on ground belonging to the infirmary-, was built in
1752, at a cost of £1,500; was intended for the support
of decayed seamen of Liverpool, and of their widows and
children; and is maintained partly by small contribu-
tions of all seamen sailing from the port, and partly by a
large capital stock of unclaimed prize-money. — The Pe-
made penitentiarj', in Falkner-street, was erected in 1809,
for receiving and reforming penitent pro.stitutes. — The
Home for fallen women, in Blason-street, Edge-hill, wa.?
established in result of efforts at midnight meetings to
reclaim prostitutes; and has capacity for 100 inmates. —
The Benevolent institution, in North-street, Toxteth
Park, and the Church of England JIagdalen institution,
in Mount Vemon-green, also were established for re-
claiming fallen women. — A suite of alms-houses, near the
cemetery of St. Mary, is built in the form of three sides
of a square, and has a spacious area in front. — The Li-
censed Victuallers' association institution and offices, a
short distance E of the Necropolis, are a two-story-build-
iug, of centre and ^^^ngs, in the Tudor style; and Include
both an asylum for the ageil, and a school for the young.
— The Friendly Society's offices, in Prescot-street, be-
tween London-road and Old Swan, were built in 1865,
at a cost of £7,200; are in the Italian pointed style, 127
feet long, and nearly 60 feet high; and have a portico,
with pillars of Aberdeen granite. — The Needlewon)en's
institution is in Benson-street; the Liverpool establish-
ment for needlewomen is in Great Oxford-street ; the
Nurses' institution is in Soho-street ; the Nurses' train-
ing-school and home is in Dover-street; the Servants'
institution is in Erskine-street; and St. Elizabeth's in-
stitute for the training of destitute children for domestic
services is in Breckfield-road. — The Parochial workhouse,
in Bro\vnlow-hill, was opened in 1772; is a huge edifice,
said to be the largest of its kind in England; has gener-
ally about 3,700 inmates; and includes a church, in
which worehip is conducted according to the rites of the
Church of England.— The Toxteth-Park and the Wi-st
Derby or Everton wjrkhouses serve for the parts of the
borough beyond Liverpool parish; the foiiuer is in Smith-
down-lane, — the latter in West Derby-road; and they
had, at the census of 1S61, respectively i56 and 401 in-
mates.
Placcx of Ami'.jemenl. — The Theatre Royal, on the
E side of WiUiamson-square, was built in 1772, at a
cost of £6,000; was rebuilt in 1803; has a semi-circular
front of stone, ornamented with the loyA arms, and with
various emblematic figures; and is interiorly commodious
and splendid. — The New Adelplu theatre, in Christian-
street, was opened in 1803, as an arena fir horsemanship,
under the name of the Olympic circus; was rebuilt for
theatrical purposes, and took the name first of Queens
theatre, aftenvards of the Victoria theatre; and had, for
a time, a plain brick front, but now ha.s a highly orna-
mented one, with columns, balustrades, and statues;
and has also a rich interior. — The Princ.-; of Wales thea-
tre, in Clayton-square, was formerly Clayton Hall; was
opened as a theatre in 1861; and has an elegant inte-
rior, with capacity for 1,600 pereons. — The Alexandra
theatre, between Lime-street and Pudsey- street, was
built in 1866; measures 63 feet from the back of the
boxes to the curtain; has spacious staircases all of stone,
and corridors all tiled and iire-proof ; and contains ac-
commodation for 2,200 spectators. — The Colosseum,
in Paradise -street, was originally a Unitarian chapel;
was converted into a place of amusement in 1 850 ; in-
cludes an old octagonal edifice, with octagonal lanteru in
its centre, and a new a<ldition toward Paradise-street,
with handsomely decorated front; is used nightly for
theatiical exhibitions, or other public amusements; and
has capacity for 3,000 persons. — The Royal amphithea-
tre, in Great Charlotte-street, is a very spacious edifice,
with neat stuccoed front; is used variously for dramatic,
melo-dramatic, pantomimic, and equestrian exhibitions ;
has a moveable st;\ge, and an easily-surveyed circle for
horsemanship; is used also for public meetings; and,
when so used, can accommodate about 5,000 persons. —
The Concert hall, in Lord Nelson-street, is a fine eilifice ;
is used ordiuariiy for ntusical performances and for lec-
tures ; has, throughout the winter, Saturday evening
concerts, at a very moderate charge; and is used, on
stated Sunday evenings, as a place of worship. — Thi>
Philharmonic hall, at the corner of Hope-street and
JIjTtle-street, was built in 1849, at a cost of about £18,000,
e.xclusive of the site; measures 175 feet in length, 109^
feet in width, and 72 feet in height ; is in the Roman-
esque Italian style, mth two principal stone fronts; hx^i
two colonnades on these fronts; is constructed interiorly
somewhat after the manner of a theatre, with the orches-
tra in the position usually occupied by the stage ; con-
tains accommodation for 3,000 auditors, and 300 per-
formers; includes a grand saloon, with refreshment-
rooms; is used for the musical performances of the Phil-
hai-monic society, which was established in 1840; and is
noted for having had receipts of upwards of £3,000, in
two evenings of Aug. 1850, at singings of Jenny Lind. —
Queen's hall, iu Bold-street, and St. James' hall, iii
Lime-street, also are used for jmblic amusements; and
the former is used likewise for the exhibition of paint-
ings.— The Wellington rooms, in Mount Pleasant, were
erected in 1815; have a stone front, with semicircular
centre, adonied with Corinthian columns; and contain
a ball-room, a card-room, a supper-room, and several
ante-rooms, all very elegant and ornate.— The Royal as-
sembly-room, iu Great George-street, is used for concerts,
assemblies, and pubhc meetings. — The Rotunda, adjoin-
ing the Lyceum, was formerly used for the exhibition of
panoramic paintings; but is now a proprietorial billiard-
room. — Crew's billiard-rooms, at the corner of Duke-
street and Slater-street, are a commodious stuiie buiUling,
with a fine stone sculpture of the Union arms iu front;
and were fonnerly the Union news-room.
Prince's-park, at the S end of Prince's-road, and con-
tiguous to the S lineof tlie borough bound.iry, was formed,
as a site of villas and a ['aee of public recreation, by R.
V. Yates, Esq. ; is of mucli extent, and very tastefully
laid out; has its villas, or rather mansions, si placed a.n
to enhance the beauty of the recreation grounds, without
impinging on their area; contains a charming lake, and
charming inequalities of ground, artisticallyboautified;
and commaniis delightful vicvvs, over the Jlersoy, to tho
hills of Cheshire and the moimtains of Wales. A fancy-
fair and flower-show was held iu it in Aug. 1810, iu ?1^
LIVERPOOL.
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LIVEKPOOL.
of the infirmary and tho N and S hospitals; and j-icddcd
£9,593. — Tlic Oin^'le, a. short distance beyond Prince's-
park, and inimediately without the borough boundary,
is a romantic dell, belonging to J. B. Yates, Esq., and
extending to the Mersey; und is open to the public every
Wednesday and Thursday. — Prince's parade, along the
W side of Prince's dock, and separated from it by a lofty
wall, is a pleasant marine promenade, 2,'25J feet long,
»nd 11 feet wide; is protected, on the side next the river,
by iron posts, hung with chains, about 3 feet high; has,
at convenient distances, seats or benches, — ami, at each
end, a covered shed; and commands an animating view
of the ilersey and the Cheshire shore, dovra to the Bid-
ston lighthouse. A similar promenade e.xtends along the
river-side, over the entire length of the .Ubert dock ware-
houses.— St. James' walk, along the W boundary of St.
James' cemetery, is a raised gi'avel terrace, 1,200 feet
long; and, though rather a town thoroughfare than a re-
creation promenade, possesses interest for commanding
good and extensive views of both the town and the river. —
The Volunteer parade-ground, in Hall-lane, has capacity
for the exercising of 3,000 men, in both drill and artQ-
lery practice; and fields opposite to it are used for cricket-
matches. — The new gymnasium of the Athletic club is
in Myrtle-street. — The race-course is at Aiutree, 6 miles
NE of the town ; has a grand stand, which cost £20,000,
and sevend smaller erections; and the races on it are held
in July. — The public baths, on George 's-pier, were erected
by the corporation, in 1S29, at a cost of more than
£35,000; form a low stone building, with plain but
chaste exterior, and with an iUuminated clock; contain
warm, tepid, and cold baths, in two departments for the
two sexes; contain also a cold plunge bath, and conve-
nient dressing-rooms; and are supplied with wate- from
the river at high tide, received into a tank ■svith capacity
for upwards of 800 tons, — forced thence, by means of a
steam-engine, into a capacious filter, — and conveyed
thence, in perfectly limpid condition, through pipes to
the several baths. — Commodious baths and wash-houses,
erected subsequently to the baths on George 's-pier, are
iu Comwallis-street, Paul-street, and Margaret-street;
and Oriental baths are in Mulberrj'-street.
Railwarj Works and Stations. — Four railway systems,
gathering up and concentrating branch-lines as they ap-
proach, have terminal communications with Liverpool.
One is the Great Western, coming to Birkenhead, and
communicating by ferry-boat with Liverpool landing-
stage; another is the Great Northern, and the Manches-
ter, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, coming originallv to a
station in Sefton-street, near the S docks, but extended
since 1864 to a station at the end of Church-street, near
the centre of the town; a third is the Liverpool and
Manchester branch of the Northwestern, opened in 1830,
the first passenger-i-ailway in England, coming to a pas-
senger-station in Lime-street, and sending off three
branch-lines, for goods-trains, to respectively Wapping
for the S end of the town, Waterloo-road for the N
end of the town, and Bankfield-street, Kirkdale, for the
N docks; and the fourth i? the Lr.nca.^liiro and York-
bhire and the East Lancashire, coming to a station
in Tithebarn-street. The station of the Great Western,
though in Birkenhead, commands facile communication
with Liverpool, both by its own e.xcellent anaogements
on the Cheshire side, and by the singularly etiective con-
struction of the landing-stages on both sides. Even the
old station of the Great Northern and the Manchester,
Shi?ltl.-ld, and liincolnshire, at Sefton-street, gave good
^.lc:liti^.•.^ of transit from London, Yorkshire, and Scot-
land; and was connected, by omnibuses, with an office in
Lower Castlo-strect. The Lime-street station of the
Northwestern was erected in ISSO, on tl:e site of a cattle-
uiarki^t, whence Jlr. Sadler rose in his balloon, a .short
time before hisList and fatal ascent; is a magnificent and
elaborate structuio, extending in fnmt from Gloucester-
street to Lord Nelson-street; borrows splendour from
confronting St. George's Hall; lias a stone far;.;ide 330
feet long, enriclied witii thirty-six thr.;e-quart<T Corin-
thian colunnis on rustic j.cdcitals, and with other dooor-
.ilious; ij pierced, in tliat fajude, with four large gate-
arches, two of which are blank, while the other two, at
the extremities, are the entrances; has its othoes in a re-
ceding form, under a j-.rticoed Doric colonnade, sur-
mounted by an extensive balcony; and is covered, over
its platform, by a fine arched roof, 70 feet in span, fonued
of iron, and spaced with windows. A tunnel, 6,C90 feet
long, 25 feet wide, and 17 feet high, extemis hence to
Edge-hill; and the trains are drawn up this tunnel by
means of ropes and fixed engines, stationed at Edge-hill.
A stupendous cutting ocnirs in the railway's course, at
Olive-filount, about \\ niUe beyond Edge-hill; and is,
at one place, 70 feet deep. The branch line for goods to
Wapping joins the main line at EdgehiU; is upwards of
1\ mUe long; and all pas.-es through a tunnel, principally
hewn out of solid rock, beneath the town. The trains
enter at Wapping, by an open cutting, with space for
four lines of rails; pass under piles of warehouses, floored
on rows of cast-iron pillars; i-eceive their loads through
trap-doors in the floors of the warehouses; and, like the
passenger-trains from the Lime-street station, are drawn
up the tunnel bymeans o: ropes and fixed engines starioned
at Edge-hill. The branch-Uiies for goods to Waterloo-road
and to Bankfield-street, also pass through tunnels. The
tunnel to Bankfield-street was fonned in 1S61-6; and the
station there stands opiwsite the entrance of Huskisson
dock, and was erected in 1866. The Tithebarn-street
station of the Lancashire and Yorkshire and the East
Lancashire railways, serves also for the Liverpool and
Southport, the Liverj^jol and Bury, and the Liver-
pool, Onnskirk, and Preston lines; is an edifice in
the Italian style, 240 feet wide; and has a booking office
117 wide, with wings 193 feet. The goods station of the
Great Western is at Duke's-dock; the goods station of
the Great Northern and the Manchester, Sheffield, and
Lincolnshire, is at Sefton-street; goods stations of the
Northwestern are at Crown-street, Great Howard-street,
Park -lane, Wapping, Waterloo -road, and Bankfield-
street; a cattle-station of the Northwestern is at Edge-
hiU; goods stations of the Lancashire and Yorkshire are
at Great Howard-street, Love-lane, North docks, Sand-
hills, Bankfield-streer, Sefton-street, Brunswick dock,
Battery-street, and C^aada dock; and goods stations of
the East Lancasldre are at Great Howard-street, and Sand-
hills bridge. A project for a pneumatic railway between
Liverpool and Birkenhead, to p.iss 25 feet below the bed
of the Mei-sc)% was explained, near the end of 1865, by Sir
Charles Fox, to a niimerous and influential meeting in
Liverpool, and approved-
Harbour and Bochs. — Capt. Collins, writing in the
time of William III., says that ships, coming to Liver-
jiool, put out part of their cargo at Hoylake, to render
them light enough to sail over the flats into the Mersey;
that the channel up to Liverpool was near Formby, had
three fathoms on th- bar at low-water, and was not
buo3'ed or beaconed; that ships, on arriving at Liverpool,
were left a-ground at low-water, and rode badly afloat iu
the flood of tide, on account of the .strength of the tidal
currents; and that they went up to the Slyne, where
there was less strength of current, in order that they
might ride better th-rre. But, since Collins' time, the
passage near Formby has been buoyed; a much better
passage, which was not known in his days, and which
enables ships three times larger than any of those in his '
period to enter the harbour without discharging any por-
tion of their cargo, !ia.s been discovered; a series of bril-
liant lights, some afljit, others on hills and headlands,
and all combining to render the approach and entrance
of the Mersey as safe by night as by day, has been set up;
a prodigioas amount of improvement in the anchoring
grounds of the harbour, rendering them good and facile
at all states of the tide, has been efl'ected; and a magni-
ficent range of docks, easy of entrance, and giving ships
as safe and smooth a berthage as the best natural land-
locked harliour in the world, has lieen formed.
The docks and the ground coiinPct''d with them form
an estate, long under the management of a conimiitee,
and in the trusteeship of the town council. Tlie uom-
niittee consisted of thirteen members elected from the
town council, and eight elected from the nierciiauts and
LI\rERPOOL.
72
LIVERPOOL.
sliip-owTiers; and its proceedings were subject to the re-
view of the town council. But since 1857 the dock estate
has been managed by a Board, elected by the rate-payers,
and called the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board, Two
harbour-masters superintend the shipping in the docks;
a dock-master attends to the vessels in each dock, allots
them berths, and assigns or orders requisite changes of
place; and dock-gatemen and policemen perform the
minor duties, for regidation of the docks, and for protec-
iion of property. The income of the Board, during the
year ending in June, 1S66, was £7, 296 on capital account,
■and £340,050 on revenue account; the expenditure
£l,192,62ion capital account, and £32,817 on revenue
account; the amount of new loans contracted £1,760,395;
the amount of old loans paid off, £87,305; and the amount
-of the available capital on the loan account, at the end of
the year, £13,444,289. The dock-estate, as tabulated in
1864, comprises 277 acres of water-space in tidal basins,
wet docks, and dry docks, and 738 acres in land, yards,
streets, and sites of warehouses and other buildings; but
the relative proportions of water-area and land-area are
altered by new docks, in the extreme X, which were
formed in the course of 1864-7. The total quayage of the
•tidal basins and the wet docks, in 1864, was nearly 19
mUes; and the length of the river wall, from the extreme
N boundary of the estate, near Primrose-brook, to the
1 extreme S boundary, near the Dingle, is upwards of 6
.miles. The docks are not, as in other ports, mn fined by
■warehouses and other buildings standing close to their
juargin; biit are flanked, on their E or landward side,
from end to end, by a good width of space into which
both the principal commercial streets and multitudes of
■ other thoroughfares nm. A double line of railway, about
• 5 mUes long, traverses the same side; sends off branches
to the several railway companies' goods stations; and goes
round several of the docks. Omnibuses run each way,
from end to end, every few minutes, at a ver}' moderate
fare; numerous buildings, such as dock-ma.sters' resi-
-dences, customs' depots, police-stations, pilots' oiEces,
traffic -managere' offices, and other buildings for tlie
business or convenience of the port, are on the dock quays,
•or in their near vicinity. A complete system of electric
telegraph goes from end to end of the docks; has con-
nexion witn the custom-house, the dock-ofHces, and the
exchange; and, as already noticed, communicates, through
various stations along the Cheshire and Welsh coasts,
with a terminal signal station at Holyhead. We shall
notice the docks seriatim, in ascending order, from N
to S.
The new docks, formed in the extreme N, in 1 S64-7,
were undertaken, in consequence of pressing demands for
increased accommodation by the steam-shipping trade
and other trades; include the space of three previous small
docks or basins, ami a considerable area of adjacent land;
comprise two new docks and a very large half-tide dock,
surrounded by a noble pile of dock warehouses; have
aggregately a water-area of upwards of 16 acres; involve
a new river frontage, measured from Rimrose-bridge at
Seaforth to the Canada dock, of about li mile; and were
formed by the constant labour of upwards of 1,200 work-
men, with proportionate number of horses and waggon.s.
— North Carriers' dock was opened in 1862; has a water-
area of 2 acres 3,423 yards, and a quayage of 641 lineal
yards; is walled of durable stone, coped with granite;
and is appropriated chiefly to the mahogany trade, and
the inland carrj-ing bu^ine.ss. South Carriers' dock has
a water-area of 1 acre 4,.vl5 yards, and a quayage of 615
lineal yards; has, at its E end, a warehouse rcsring partly
on stone piers rising from the dock's bottom; and is ap-
propriated entirely to the inland caiTying trade. — Canada
Half-Tide dock was opened in 1S59; has a water-area of
3 acres 4,380 yards, rin'l a quayage of 468 lineal yards;
is very substantially walled, with granite facing and cop-
ing; ha,s, on its W side, two double locks, adniittini; small
craft from an open ba.^in at various states of the tide; has
ingress and egress from and to other waters, by seven
passages, with 13 pairs of dock gates; and is used chiefly
ES an au.^iliary for the working of the North Carriers',
the South Carriers', and the Canada docks. — The Canada
dock lies to the S of the Canada Half-Tide dock: was
opened in 1S59; has a water-area of 17 acres 4,043 yards,
and a quayage of 1,272 lined vards; is very substantially
walled; is entered, at the N end, through a lock 500 feet
long and 100 feet wide, which can be used as a gra\-in»
dock; is appropriated entirely to the timber trade; and
has, on the E side, large yards, and spacious handsome
offices, for the conducting of that trade. Canada Tidal
basin serves as an entrance from the river to all the four
preceding docks; and has a water- area of 6 acres 4,520
yards, and a quayage of 546 lineal yards.— Hnskisson
dock was opened in 1852; has a water-area of 14 acres
3,451 yards, and a quayage of 1,039 lineal yards; h.as, on
the W side, s[iacious sheds and workshops, conuected
with the American and ^ilediterranean steam trade; is
appropriated chiefly to that trade, but partly also to the
timber ti-ade; and communicates, at the S end, with
Saudon Tidal basin, through two long locks, one of which
can be used as a graving dock. — Hnskisson Branch dock
lies E of Hnskisson dock, and has open communication
with it; has a water-area of 7 acres 592 yards, and a
quayage of 910 lineal yards; has, on three of its sides,
spacious closeil sheds connected with the North American
and Mediterranean steam trade; and is appropriated en-
tirely to that trade.
Saudon Tiilal basin is one of a series of works, con-
structed under an act of IS 44, and embracing Sandon
dock and aU the docks southward thence to the Salisbury,
CoUingwood, and Stanley; serves as an entrance from the
river to Hnskisson locks and docks, and to all the docks
from the Sandon to the Clarence; and has a water-area
of 6 acres 904 yards, and a quayage of 702 lineal yards. —
Sandon dock lies directly landward from San. Ion Tidal
basin; has a water-area of 10 acres 100 yards, and a quay-
age of 867 lineal yards; and is ajipropri.ited partly to r»
miscellaneous export trade, but chiefly to the accommo-
dation of vessels under repair. Railways go along its S
and E quays; two cranes, capable of lifting respectively
20 and 50 tons, are on these two quays; and six largo
graving docks, parallel to one another, and entered by
locks, are on the N side.— Wellington Half-Tide dock
has, on the N side, a double entrance from communica-
tion with Sandon Tidal basin; serves as au auxiliary to
Wellington dock, and to other docks on the S; and lias
a water-area of 3 acres 813 yards, and a quayage of 400
lineal yards.— Wellington dock lies directly landward of
Wellington Half-Tide dock, and is entered from it; has
a water-area of 7 acres 4.120 yards, and a quayage of 820
lineal yards; and is appropriated chiefly to the North
American and Mediterranean steam trade. Spacious
closed sheds are on its N and S quays; and a high-level
railway, with hydr.aulic cranes for the loading of'coal, is
on its E quay. — Bramley-Moore dock lies immediately S
of the Wellington docks; has a water-area of 9 acres
3,106 yards, and a quayage of 935 lineal yards; and is
appropriated chiefly to "the trade with the United States
of America. Sheds, partially closed, are on its N and S
quays; a shed, with upper story for grain, is on the W
quay; and a continuation of the high-level railway at the
Wellington dock is on the E quay.— Nelson dock has a
water-area of 7 acres 4,756 yards, and a qua^-age of 803
lineal yards; is surrounded with capacious closed sheds;
and is appropriated to the steam trade with Ireland,
Holland, the Mediterranean, and the West Indies. —
Salisbury dock is entered direct from tbo river, with
doulile entrance, divided by a pier, on which is a tower
about 100 feet high, \vith illuminated clock and time-
ball; has a water-area of 3 acres 2,1 46 yards, and a quay-
age of 406 lineal yards; serves chi'jfly as an auxiliary to
several adjacent docks; communicates with those by
seven passages; and, besides its main entrances from the
river, has a lock-pn<;.-^ge thence for barges going to and
from the Leefb .and Liverj>ool c.mal. — Collingivood dock
lies directly landward of Salisbury dock, and is entered
from it; has a water-area of 5 acres 244 yards, and a
quayage of 553 lineal yards; and is appropriated chiefly
to the coasting-trade.— Stanley dock lies directly land-
w.ard of Colling^vood dock, and" is entered from it ; has a
water-area of 7 acres 120 yards, and a quayage of 75:?
LIVERPOOL.
73
LIVKRrOOL.
lineal yards; and Ls subtended, on its N and S sides, by
fire-proof ■vrnrehouses, vaulted below the quays, rising
live stories above quay-level, furnished with hydraulic
machinery for hoisting goods, and possessing immediate
railwav-vommunication with the main railway-lLues of
the harbour. — All the docks noticed in this paragrapli,
be nnnicg with Sandon Tide basin, were constructed by
the late ilr. Jesse Hartley, are connected by railways,
and are enclosed by well-built granite walls with gate-
ways leading to the public streets.
Clarence Half- Tide dock is entered dii-cctly from the
river; has a water-area of 4 acres 1,79-1 yards, and a
quavage of 635 lineal yards; allows ingress or egress at
half-tide; is used less for the berthing of vessels, th.an as
a passage to aJjacent docks; and has, on its N side, a
crane capable of lifting 30 tons. Clarence Graving-dock
basin lies between Salisbury dock and Clarence Half-Tide
basin; has a water-area of 1 .acre 1,056 yards, and a quay-
age of 291 lineal yards; serves as a passage from Salis-
bury dc^kto Clarence dock, and as a receptacle for vessels
approaching or leaving contiguous graving docks; and
has, on iB W side, a giidiron for vessels requiring small
repairs. Clarence Graving-docks extend westward from
Clarence Gra'/ing-dock basin, atljacent to the S sides of
Salisburv and ColUngwood docks; are constructed in a
substantial and elegant manner; and afford to strangers
the very best opportunities of \vitnessing the manner and
variety' of repairs on ships. Clarence dock lies directly
landward of Clarence Half-Tide basin; has a water-area
of 6 acres 273 yards, and a quayage of 914 lineal yards;
and is appropriated entirely to the steam-trade with the
ports of the United Kingdom, chiefly those of Ireland.
A]l the Clarence series of docks were opened in 1830; and
all the quays of Clarence dock, and considerable portions
of those of the half-tide dock, are covered with protect-
ing sheds. — The Trafalgar dock was opened in 1836; has
a w.iter-area of 6 acres 2,643 yards, and a quayage of
1.020 liceal yards; is surrounded with commodious pro-
tecting sheds; and is appropriated partly to new steamers
receiving their engines and boUers, or to old ones under-
going repair, but chiefly to working steamers in the coast-
ing-trade.— Victoria dock was opened in 1836; is entered
directly from the river; has a water-area of 5 acres 3,5.59
yards, and a quayage of 755 lineal yards; is appropriated
jr<irtly to the general trade of the port, but chiefly to
ships to and from the United States of America; and is
the .scene of a large emigration-traffic. — Waterloo dock
was opened in 1S34, and reconstructed in 1864; is entered
from Victoria dock; has a water-area of 3 acres 2,146
vards, and a quayage of 533 lineal yards; and is appro-
priated to the American trade. A wind-mill stood at the
E end of this dock, and was converted into a curiously-
tonstmcted hostelry; and a destructive conflagration, in
1S42, known as " the great fire of Liverpool," which de-
rtroved warehouse property and goods to the value of
nearly i'500,000, and occasioned the loss of four lives,
was in the vicinity. — Corn-Warehouse dock was forim-d
ia 1S64; lies E of Waterloo dock; has a water-area of 2
acres 3,053 yards, and a quayage of 493 line:d yards; is
appropriated entirely to the corn-trade; and is engirt on
three sides with substantial, six-storied, fire-proof ware-
houses, pos?essing the best machinery for the condition-
ing and delivery of grain.
Princi's Half-Tide dock was constructed in 1864, on
the site of a previous work known as Prince's Tidal ba.sin ;
is tnter<>fi from the river by a central passage serving as
a lock for small rivcr-craft, and by two side passages each
65 feet wide; has a water-area of 6 acres 354 yanls; gives
entrance, on the S, to Prince's dock; and has, at the SE
corner, a gridiron for the making of small repairs on
vessels. The observatory noticed in our section on public
buildings, and a life-boat, are at its N W corner. — Prince's
cock was openrd in 1821; is entered from Prince's Half-
Tide dc^'k on the N, and from George's Tidal basin ou
the S: measures 500 yards in length and 106 yards in
breadr'n; has a wat'-r-arca of 10 acres 145 yards, and a
qn.ayaae of 1,000 lineal yards; permits ingress or egress
of vessels, by means of locks in its entrance passages, at
hidf-tid-;; is apjiroiiriated to the general tmde of the port,
with vessels to all parts of the world ; is surrounded %rith
sheds for the protection of merchandise, — those along
the W side having been erected at a cost of £14,000, and
beiii" closed, — those on the other sides being open; has
cranes and otlier appliances to aid loading and uiilo.ivling;
has also, at each end, a dwelling-house, with suitable
olFices, for the dock-ra.isters ; and is completely enclosed
with a lofty brick wall, pierced with gateways at con-
venient distances. The marine promenade, formerly
noticed, and the landing-stage for channel steamers,
aflem-ards to be noticed, are in front of this dock ; and
extensive new works, in conne.xion with it, were in pro-
gress in 1865-6. — Seacombe Tidal basin, between
Prince's d.ick and George's Tidal basin, has a water-area
of 1,805 yards, and a quayage of 188 lineal yards; was
formerly used for the terries to the Cheshire side of the
river; and was originally constructed for the use of boat-
men, fishermen, and sm.all river craft. — George's Tidal
basin was opened about 1770 ; has a w.iter-area of 3
acres 1,852 yards, and a quay.age of 455 lineal yards;
is the chief resort of fishing-vessels for discharge of car-
goes; and serves principally as an entrance to Prince's
dock and George's dock. — George's dock w.is begun to
be formed in 1767, and widened in 1799; occupies the
site of a fort which, in 1749, mounted 14 guns; mea-
sures 236 yards in length and 100 yards in breadth; has
a water-area of 5 acres 2,593 yards, and a quayage of
1,001 lineal yards ; is appropriated to the general trade
of the port ; and has sheds, along its E and W quays,
for the protection of goods. A great range of warehouses
extends parallel to its E side ; bears the name of the
Goree warehouses ; was erected in 1802, in place of other
buildings then destroyed by fire ; is five stories high ;
and, for the convenience of foot-jiassengers, has a ground-
floor arcade, called the Goree-Piazzas. The public baths,
formerly noticed, a marine promenade, and the landing-
stage for ferry steamers, afterwards to be noticed, are on
the docks' W side. — George's Ferry basin was constructed
about 1770 ; has always been u-sed as a place of shelter
and for river-boats; has a water-area of 1,344 yards, and
a quayage of 160 lineal yards ; and includes an incline-
slip for the landing and shipping of goods out of and
into ferry-vessels.
JIanchester basin and dock are entered directly from
the river; have jointly a water-area of 1 acre 3,478 yards,
and a quayage of 68 4 lineal yards ; are appropriated entirely
to the carrying trade; have a complete system of .sheds,
warehouses, offices, and other appliances ; and are en-
closed within boundniy w.alls. — Canning Half-Tide dock
was originally a ridal basin; was altered into a wet dock
in 1843; has two entrances from the river, divided by a
pier, with index to show the height of the tide; has a
water-area of 2 acres 2,688 yards, and a quayage of 429
lineal yards; and serves as an entrance to the Canning,
Albert, and Sal thouse docks. — Canning dock lies land-
ward of Canning Half-Tide dock ; is entered both from
that dock and through a long lock or gut called George's
dock passage, from George's dock; was originally called
the Old Dry dock, and led into the old or pristine dock,
whose site is now occupied by the Custom-house ; was
used as a tidal dock from about 1700 till 1811, when it
became a wet dock with gates; took its present name of
Canning dock in 1S32, after having und,ergone extensive
repairs; was, to a considerable extent, reconstructed in
1842; retains the level of the sill of the Old dock, as the
datum of the port from which tidal and other levels are
computed; has a water-area of 4 acres 376 yards, and a
quayage of 585 lineal yards; is appropriated to the coast-
ing trade of the United Kingdom; is flanked, along its
E side, with an open shed; and communicates, on the
S\V, with two graving docks. — Albert dock was opened,
by the late Prince Consort, in 1846; has a water-area of
7 acres 3,542 yards, and a quayage of SS5 lineal yards;
is aiipropriated entirely to the rich import trade from
India, China, and South America; is surrounded with
massive r.anges of fire-proof warehouses, which present
a iiuo appearance as seen from the river; and, together
with the warehouses and the site, cost £782,265. The
waiehouses have spacious vaults below quay-level, and
LIVERPOOL.
74
LIVERPOOL.
five floors above; comprise an area of 138,805 yards; and,
besides stowage for wines, spirits, and other goods in the
vaults, have stowage, in the upper stories, for 234,950
bales of cotton. A granite islet separates the entrance
to the dock into two passages, and is surmounted by a
handsome lodge for the lock-keepers ; and a spacious
promenade extends, parallel with the dock, along the
river. — Salthouse dock lies landward of Albert dock, and
is entered from it; took the name of Salthouse from salt-
works originally contiguous to it; was constructed ia
terms of an act of 1734; was altered and nearly recon-
structed in 1844; was enlarged in 1855; has an irregular
form, widening over some distance southward from the
centre, and then rapidly converging towards the SE;
comprises a water-area of 6 acres 2,019 yards, and a
quayage of 7S4 lineal yards ; is appropriated entirely to
the export trade, chiefly to India and South America;
and is flanked, on the E side, by a very fine granite
closed shed, — and, on the N and W sides, by covered
sheds. — Duke's dock, immediately S of Albert dock, was
con-structed by the late Duke of Bridgewater, and used
by Ilia trustees and other canal-carriers for their numerous
boats; and one end of it runs underneath the centre of a
range of large warehouses.
Wapping basin lies immediately S of Salthouse dock,
to the E of Duke's dock; was opened in 1855; has a
water-area of 1 acre 3,151 yards, and a quayage of 454
lineal yards; is appropriated to an export trade, chiefly
in connexion with adjoining docks; and has, along the
E side, a fine closed shed for protecrion of goods. The
formation of this basin, the enlargement of Salthouse
dock, and the formation of Wappin^ dock, cost about
£600,000, and were done for the double purpose of
creating increase of dock accommodation, and of con-
structing an intermediate link for continuous connexion
from the extreme northernmost docks southward to
Brunswick dock. No such connexion previously existed,
so that ships could not pass from N to S or from S to N,
except by going out into the river ; but now they can go
continuously from dock to dock over a distance of about
4 miles. — Wapping dock lies immediately S of Wapping
basin, and is entered from it ; was opened ia 1855 ; has
a water-area of 5 acres 499 yards, and a quayage of 815
lineal yards ; is appropriated to both the import and the
export trades, somewhat of a miscellaneous character,
but the imports generally of a highly valuable kind;
has, along aU the E side, a very fine range of fire-proof
■warehouses, fitted with prime hydraulic machinery for
loading and unloading; and has, along the "W side, oc-
cupying the entire space between it and the E side of
King's dock, an excellent shed, 90 feet ia span, closed at
the ends, and lighted throughout the roof wth thick
glass. — King's dock lies between Wapping dock and the
river; was opened in 1788; measures 270 yards in length,
and 95 yards in breadth; has a water-area of 7 acres
3,896 yards, and a quayage of 875 lineal yards; is ap-
propriated to the tobacco trade, and to the general trade
of the port, both foreign and coastwise; and has, along
all its "\V quay, an open shed, and between that and the
river, the Queen's tobacco warehouse. This last is a
large plain i-ange of brick building, erected by the Liver-
pool corporation, and rented from them by government;
and all the tobacco entering the port is lodged in it, tdl
the qualities are examined and the duties paid. The
buildings and machinery for testing chains, ships' cables,
and anchors are situated to the N of the tobacco ware-
house; and a marine promenade, called the King's parade,
extenis between the warehouse and the river. — Queen's
Half-Tide dock wixs originally a tidal basin, opened in
1788, and serving as an entrance to King's dock and
Queen's dock; was altered into a wet dock and re-opened
in 1855; is entered from the river by two passages, divided
by a pier, and respectively 70 aud 50 feet wide; has a
water-area of 3 acres 3,542 yards, aud a quayage of 445
lineal yards; serves as an au.viliary to several adjacent
docks; has, on the N quay, a closed shed, — and on the
5 quay large masting sheers, with a sweep of about 60
feet from the centre, and capable of lifting 20 tons; and
communicates, in the upper part of the W side, with two
gra\-ing docks. — Queen's dock lies landward of Queen' .s
Half-Tide dock and the two connected graving docks,
but extends considerably further to the S; is entered
either through Queen's Half- Tide dock, or by way of
Coburg dock: was formed, to about one-half of its pre-
sent extent, from the N end. in 1796 ; was formed, ever
the rest of its extent, in 1S16: was, at the same tirne,
quayed on both sides, in a manner to suit the then tim-
ber trade of the port; was deepened and otherwise im-
proved in 1857 ; has a water-area of 10 acres 1,564 yards,
and a quayage of 1,214 lineal yards; is now appropriated
to the general trade of the port : and has on the E and
the W sides commodious sheds. Some ship-building
yards, and a small dock for river craft are situated be-
tween Queen's Half-Tide dock and Coburg dock.
Coburg dock and Union dock were originally separate
works, formed under an act of 1811; but they were made
one work, with the name of Coburg dock, in 1858. The
original Coburg dock was a tidal basin ; was converted
into a wet dock, with entrance-gates 70 feet wide, in 1840;
and had a water-area of 4 acres 2, 198 yards. Union dock
lay landward of the former; was originally a wet dock;
took its name of Union from its serving as a link between
Queen's dock and Brunswick dock; aud had a water-are;i.
of 2 acres 3,005 yards. The present Coburg dock has a
water-area of 8 acres 26 yards, and a quayage of 1,053 lineal
yards; is appropriated to the general trade of the port, but
is usually occupied on most of the N side by the large Aus-
tralian steam and sailing packets, and on part of the S
side by the steamers trading to Portugal and Spain; and
has, on the N side, partially-closed sheds, — on the S side,
fine closed sheds, — and on the E side, a very powerful
hj-draulic crane. — South-Ferry Tidal basin was formed in
1830; ha3 a water-area of 2,927 yards, and a quayage
of 205 lineal yards; serves chiefly as a place of shelter for
small river-craft; and has, on its quays, the principal
establishment of the dock authorities for forming, re-
pairing, aud maintaining the works of the dock-estate. —
Brunswick Half-Tide dock was opened in 1832; is en-
tered from the river; has a water-area of 1 acre 3,833
yards, and a quayage of 491 lineal yards; serves as a pas-
sage to Bniuswick dock; and has, on its N quay, a
sheltering shed. — Brunswick dock extends N and S across
the head of Brunswick Half-Tide dock; was opened in
1832; has a water-area of 12 acres 3,010 yards, and a
quayage of 1,086 lineal yards; is appropriated, on its E
side and part of its W side, entirely to the timber trade;
has, on the N quay, an open shed, — and, on about one-
half of the W quay, a range of closed sheds for steam
and other vessels requiring their use; and communicates,
at the S end, with two fine graving docks. — Toxteth dock
was originally a tidal basin, called the South basin; was;
converted into a wet dock, and opened as such in 1842;
has a water-area of 1 acre 469 yards, and a quayage of
393 lineal yards; is appropriated to the genend trade of
the port; and has, in the upper part of the N and S
sides, capacious sheds, with lines of railway running into
them, for the storage of mahogany aud other foreign
wood. — HaiTington Tidal basin and Harrin":ton dock
were constructed about 1839; pa.ssed, by sale, to the
general dock estate in 1844; have jointly a water-area of
1 acre 2,817 yards, and a quayage of 623 lineal yards;
and are appropriated chiefly to the coasting and the in-
land carrying trades. — Herculaneum Half- "Tide dock was
constructed in 1864-5 ; is entered from the river by two
passages, divided by a pier, and respectively 80 and 60
feet wide; has a water-area of 8 acres 4,809 yards, and a
quayage of 540 lineal yards; and communicates, on the
S side, through entrances 60 feet In width, with two very
fine graving docks, each 750 feet long. — A resolution was
taken, about the beginning of Nov. 1SC6, to construct new
works at a cost of about £1,000,000; to include a purchase-
of 150 acres for a system of new coal-docks, a Hercula-
neum dock at a cost of .t"154,000, new corn warehouse-i
at a cost of £155,000, and now carriage-approaches to thrt
riverdevels at a cost of £170,000. — The total numb'T
of graving docks in the harbour is 20, with entrances
varj-ing in width from 32 to 100 feet; and they aggre-
gately have a, lineal length of 10,125 feet.
LIVERPOOL.
LIVERPOOL.
Piince's lan.iing-stage, situated opposite the S end of
Prince's parade, was opened in 1S57; is suiteil to the
eml^arkin^ and landing of passengers by Chanucl-goiug
steaniers and by sailing-shius, and to the embarking and
lan'iin; of merchandise in tlie traffic to and from Birken-
head; is coi'.structed of a number of floating pontoons,
bearing a fixed frameivork of timber decked over; mea-
sures 1,000 feet in length and SO feet in width; rises and
falls with the tide; and is approached by two iron-
briiges. one end of wiiich is secured to tile pier by a
moveal'Ie join: or pivot, while the other rests on the
stage. Waiting and refreshment-rooms, and offices for
the underwriters, steam-ship companies, and customs
officers, wth lil'e-boat house, are on the deck; horeesand
carriages can cross it; and accommodation is afforded by
it for several thousands of persons.^George's landing-
stage, situated opposite the ^ end of the pier-head baths,
was opened in 1817; is suited to embarkations and
landings in and from the ferry steamers plying betiveen
Liverpool and various place.? on the Mersey; is constructed
in the same manner as Prince's landing-stage; measures
upwards of 500 feet in length, and 80 feet in width;
stands at a distance of 150 feet from the pier; is ap-
proached, over that distance, by two swing bridges; has,
on deck, refreshment and waiting-rooms, and a projecting
shed; and cost, in the construction, about £35,000. —
The South landing-stage, situated opposite Harrington
dock wall, was opened in 1S65; is suited to the embark-
ing and landing of passengers by the steamers piling to
and from 2^ew Ferrj-; consists of a floating stage 1 20 feet
long, and SO feet wide; and is approached by an iron
bridge 150 feet long, and about 60 tons in weight. — A
proposal was a-foot, at the beginning of 1S66, to con-
struct a new Waterloo pier, to cost about £20,000, and
to consist of a platform, 1,500 feet long, carried on 375
iron C'.'lumns, in triple tier's, screwed into timber piles,
and tied by lattice girders.
The entrance to the harbour is guarded by the North
fort on the Liverpool side, and by the New Brighton
fort on the Cheshire side. The North fort stands on the
shore adjacent to the X end of Huskisson dock; is mas-
sively constructed of stone; bears, at its entrance, the
in>?ription \vithin a lozenge, V. R. 185-t; and, at its sea-
ward base, is washed by the tide to a depth of 30 feet.
The entrance is on the E side, with, projecting wings and
battleicentcd towers ; the doorway is approached over
moat and drawbridge, and is arched; the centre of the
fort is a square court -yard, on three sides of which are
guard-houses, officers' room.s, stables, and other build-
ings; the bastions are semicircular sweeps of great thick-
ness of wall, nanked by towers for heavy gims; the en-
trance to each tower is by a strong stone staircase, con-
taining a casemate and artillery store; the aggregate out-
line of the fort seaward has the form of an arc of a circle;
au'.l the interior is always provided with ready-piled
shells, and the hot-shot apparatus. The fort, besides
affording a striking sight to strangers, in the display of
its stores, guns, and other appliances for defence, com-
mands a tine and extensive view of the river's scenery.
New Brighton fort stands on Porch rock, projecting into
the sea; and contaius a battery mounting 18 guns, each
of 32 pounds.
Commerce. — Sufficient notice of the comnieix;e of Li-
verpool till 1710, when its first dock was formed, has
already been given in the course of our short history of the
tomi. The vessels belonging to the port in 1710, e.xclu-
sive of vesseLi frequenting it aud belonging to other ports,
amounted to Si, averaging 70 tons each, and aggregately
fj!plo\-ing 924 seamen; the extent of tonnage cleared
out then, in British ships, from this port, was only a
fort>--~-econdth part of that from all the other ports in
the kingdom; and the principal trade then, additional to
the coasting trade witli the ports of England and Scot-
Land, was v,-it)i Ireland, tlie Isle of '^\>m, and the north-
ern .stites of Europe. But a trade with America and the
"West Indies immediately afterwards arose; and this, to-
frctaer with increase of fi.e pri;vious tradi,-, laisud the
Lumber of ships in 171'J to 113, employing 1,376 sea-
men. A trade with Scotland, in the import of coarse
cloths for the West India market, was tiow superseded
by a greater trailu in the same cloths, jiroreeding from
spirited competition by manufacturers in JMamhester.
A contraband trade with South America, in supplying
Spanish smugglers with Briti.sh goods through Jamaica,
sometimes to "the amount of £1,500,000 n-year, greatly
increased the export trade to the West Indies from 1722
till 1740 ; but was checked by the vigilance of the Span-
ish government, and eventually abolished by act of par-
liament. The slave trade with Africa was now partly in
the hands of Liverpool, and, in the way of a very worst
thing for a bad one, compensated for the stoppage of tho
smuggling trade ; it employed 15 ships from this port in
1750; and it increased so rapidly that, in 1760, the ag-
gregate trade with Guinea and the West Indies exceeded
that of London. The exports in it were woollen and
worsted goods from llanchester and Yorkshire, and hard-
ware gootls from Sheffield and Birmingham ; and these
were bartered on the coast of Africa for slaves, to be ex-
changed in the West Indies for rum and sugar, ilore
duty was paid to the Crown, in 1753-60, by Liverpool
than by Bristol ; li ships cleared out from Liverpool for
the coast of Africa, in 1764, while only 32 cleared out
from Bristol; and, in fact, more than one-half of the
African trade of the kingdom was then in the possession
of Liverpool. Other trades, less blameable, more pros-
perous, better stimulated, and more rapidly progressive,
afterwards sprang up, partictilarly the trades to the East
Indies and to the United States of America; and these,
with increase of commerce in all directions, have raiseil
Liverpool to the status of the greatest port in the world.
Steamers were first introduced in 1815; and they alone,
by their vast increase, have mightily aided the develop-
ment of both the coasting and the foreign trade. The
number of vessels which entered the port, in 1795, was
3,948; in 1805, 4,618; in 1815, 6,440; in 1825, 10,837;
in 1835, 13,941 ; in 1833, 14,820.— The amount of cus-
toms, in 1795, was £469,438; in 1805, £1,766,370; in
1815, £2,360,967; in 1826, £3,087,651; in 1835,
£4,272,847; in 1840, £4,607,326. Tho tonnage of ves-
sels frequenting the port, in 1831, was 1,592,436; in
1841,2,425,461; in 1851, 3,737,666; in 1361, 4,977,272.
The port, in its registrations and its duties, includes
Birkenhead and Runcorn. The vessels registered at it,
in the beginning of 1364, were 239 small sailing-vessels,
of aggregately 10,322 tons; 2,370 lar^e sailing-vessels,
of aggregately 1,274,933 tons ; 37 small steam-ves.sels, of
aggregately 1,294 tons, aud 256 large-steam vessels, of
aggregately 120,355 tons. Tlie vessels which entered,
during 1863, were 1,036 British sailing-vessels, of ag-
gregately 749,798 tons, from British colonies ; 90 foreign
sailing-vessels, of aggregately 69,877 tons, from British
colonies; 1,682 British sailing-vessels, of aggregately
521,599 tons, from foreign countries; 1,007 foreign sail-
ing-vessels, of aggregately 505,177 tons, from foreign
countries ; 66 British steam - vessels, of aggregately
57,140 tons, from British colonies; 1 foreign steam-ves-
sel, of 663 tons, from British colonies ; 729 British
steam-vessels, of aggregately 710,837 tons, from foreign
countries; 81 foreign steam - vessels, of aggregately
43,641 tons, from foreign countries ; 3,815 sailing-vessels,
of aggregately 380,342 tons, coastwise; and 3,834 steam-
vessels, of aggregately 1,162,160 tons, coastwise. The
vcsselswhich cleared, during 1863, were 1,250 British sail-
ing-vessels, of aggregately 847, 399 tons, to British colonies;
79 foreign sailing-vessels, of aggregately 44,963 tons,
to British colonies; 1,366 British sailing-vessels, of ag-
gregately 454,852 tons, to foreign countries; 1,095 for-
eign saiUng-vessels, of aggregately 526,304 tons, to for-
eign countries; S3 British steam-vessels, of aggregately
76,551 tons, to British colonies; 641 British steam-ves-
sels, of aggregately 647,782 tons, to foreign countries;
85 foreign steam-vessels, of aggregatel}' 45,540 tons, to
fnreign countries; 4,876 .sailing-vessels, of aggregately
337,316 tons, coastwise; and 3,766 steam-vessels, of ag-
gregately 1,064,055 tons, coastwise. Tho vessels which
etiterrd in the year ending in June 1865 were fewer tlia.i
in one or two previous years; but tlieir aggregate ton luige
was about 600,000 higher than iu any previous year.
LIVERPOOL.
76
LIVERPOOL.
The amount of customs, in 1S62, was £3,239,766; anil
the amount of light dues, £50,260. The number of prin-
cipal custom oflicers, in the same year, was 2; of out-
door officers, 500; of examining officers, 129; of survey-
ors, IS; of clerks, 103. The salaries of collectors, in
1859, were £1,SOO. The accounts of the dock estate, for
the j-ear ending in June 1866, show the number of ves-
sels then to have been 21,720; the tonnage, 5,581,322;
the duties on tonnage, £215,882.
The imports of colonial and foreign produce, in 1863;
comprised 4,476 oxen, bulls, and cows; 7 sheep,
17,568 tons of bones; 1,572,040 lbs. of cocoa; 10,106,579
lbs. of coffee; 1,467,083 qrs. of wheat; 36,929 qrs. of
barley; 43,067 qrs. of oats; 45,712 qrs. of pease; 181,997
qrs. of beans; 817,867 qrs. of maize; 1,991,238 cwts. of
wheat, meal, and flour; 5,246,063 cwts. of raw cotton;
35,095 £ value of cotton manufactures; 6,276 cwts. of
cochineal; 4,817 cwts. of indigo ; 245,539 cwts. of mad-
der, madder-root, and munjeet; 13,580 cwts. of flax;
1,157 cwts. of tow or codiUa of flax; 247,086 cwts. of
currants; 274,863 bushels of lemons and oranges; 92,975
cwts. of raisins; 60,453 tons of guano; 346,399 cwts. of
hemp; 351,713 of jute and other substances of the nature
of undressed hemp; 69,672 cwts. of dry untanned hides;
248,463 cwts. of wet untanned hides; 656,660 lbs. of
tanned, tawed, curried or dressed hides, except Russian
hides; 13,813 tons of mahogany; 27,834 tons of copper
ore and regulus ; 6,427 tons of partly wrought and partly
unwrought copper; 1,296 tons of unwrought iron in
bars; 1,014 tons of unwrought and rolled spelter; 3,492
cwts. of unwrought tin; 2,628 tuns of train oil, blubber,
and spermaceti oil; 521,758 cwts. of palm oil; 7,246
cwts. of cocoa-nut oil; 6,692 tuns of olive-oil; 1,553
tuns of all kinds of sced-oil; 4,257 tons of oil-seed cakes;
1,483,637 cwts. of bacon and haras; 154,765 cwts. of
salted beef; 45,865 c^vts. of salted pork; 178,474 cwti.
of butter; 347,845 cwts. of cheese ; 5,527 gre:ct hundreds
of eggs; 398,881 cwts. of lard; 8,481 tons of rags and
other materials for making paper; 1,736,058 cwts. of
rice, not in the husk; 443,727 cwts. of saltpetre and
cubic nitre; 70,079 cwts. of clover seed ; 135,154 qrs. of
llaxseed and linseed; 60,329 qrs. of rapeseed; 159,906
lbs. of raw silk : 79 lbs. of thrown silk ; 558 lbs. of silk
broad stuffs of Europe ; 2,144 lbs. of silk ribbons of Eu-
rope ; 793 pieces of bandannas, corahs, and other sQk
manufactures of India; 2,902,733 lbs. of pepper; 1,090
cwts. of pimento; 1,560,813 gallons of rum; 404,068
gallons of brandy; 54,666 gallons of geneva, 2,067,578
cwts. of unrefined sugar; 39,381 cwts. of refined sugar
and sugar-candy; 455,264 cwts. of molasses; 322,286
cwts. of tallow; 4,571,759 lbs. of tea; 6,081,514 lbs. of
stemmed tobacco; 14,398,068 lbs. of unstemmed tobacco;
1,279,239 lbs. of manufactured tobacco, cigars, and snuff;
569,577 gallons of red wine; 050,009 gallons of white
wine; 223,944 loads of unsawn or unsplit timber; 285,668
loads of sawn or split timber, as deals, battens, boards;
15,219 loads of staves; 45,863,444 lbs. of sheep and
lambs' wool; 3,398,888 lbs. of alpaca and llama wool;
and 2.5,049 £ value of woollen mannfiictures.
The exports of British produce, diiriuL; 1863, com-
prised 971,205 cwts. of soda ; 630,422 £ value of apparel
and slops; 197,481 number of small fire-arms; 4,0.39,471
lbs. of gunpowcier; 80,660 b.arrels of beer and ale; 52,813
cwts. of butter; 297,074 lbs. of candles and stearine;
9,197 cwts. of cheese; 573,473 tons of coals, cinders,
and culm; 31,3 l.o,704 lbs. of cotton yam; 1,215,033,020
yards of cotton piece gooils; 1,087,461 £ value of hosiery
and small wares; 154,260 packages of earthenware and
porcelain; 5,643 barrels of herrings and other fish;
213,253 £ value of glass; 1,752,032 £ value of haber-
dasherj' and inillineiy; 1,804,004 £ value of hardware
and cutlerv: 4,605 cwts. of unwrought tanned leather;
330,356 £ value of WTOught leather; 85,341 £ value of
saddlery and harness; 15,510,768 lbs. of liuen yam;
128,719,254 yards of linen piece goods; 278,435 £ v.ahie
of thread, tapes, and small wares; 674,205 £ value of
steam-engines; 817,678 £ value of other sorts of machin-
ery; 218,665 tons of pig-iron, bar-iron, bolt-iron, ca.st-
iron. and wire; 56,391 tons of railroad iron; 120,470
tous of all other kinds of iron ; 19,669 tons of unwrought
steel; 41,420 cwts. of unwrought copper; 187,410 cwts.
of wrought or partly wrought copper; 6,043 ton.s of lead
and shot; 24,987 cwts. of unwrought tin; 851,022 cwts.
of tin-plates; 964,533 gallons of oil-seed; 78,883 £ value
of painters' colours; 35',538 c^-ts. of paper; 517,157 tons
of salt; 40,796 lbs. of thrown silk and silk yarn; 470,523
£ value of silk manufactures; 584,553 gallons of British
and Irish spirits; 103,752 cwts. of refiued sugar; 568,551
lbs. of sheep and lambs' wool; 413,713 lbs. of woollen
and worsted yarn; 20,484,677 yards of woollen cloths;
80,634,393 yards of worsted and mLxed woollen stuffs;
12,210,752 yards of flannels, carpets, and kindred wool-
len fabrics ; and 507,622 £ value of hosiery and other
goods.
Trade and Maimfacliire. — The head post-officej is at
the Custom-house, in Canning-place; district post-officesi
are in Scotland-road, Park-place, and Pembroke-place;
receiving post-officesj are in Canning-street, Castle-stveet,
Dale-street, Derby-road, Edge-hLU, Everton, Great George-
street, Kirkdale, Oxford-street, Ranelagh-place, Regent's-
road, Richmond-row, and Upper Parliament-street; other
receiving post-officest are at Breck-road, Kensington,
Nether-iield-road, Oldhall-street, Park-road, St. James'-
street, VauxhaU-road, Walton-road, and AVest-Derbj'-
road; and pillar letter-boxes, or sub.sidiarj" receiving
offices, are In about thirty other places. Tile railway
stations, the telegraph-offices, and the banking-offices
have already been indicated in our notices of the railway
works and the public buildings. Some of the cliief hotels
are the Adelphi, the Queen's, the Washington, and the
Eoyal Railway, in Lime-street; the Angel, the Bull, the
Commercial, the George, the Royal, the Alexandra, the
Saddle, and the White Bear, in Dale-streit; the Kep-
tune and the Feathers in Clayton -square ; the Stork, in
Queen-square; the Union, in Parker-street ; the Victoria,
in St. John's-lane ; the Waterloo, in Ranelagh-street;
and Brotherston's Commercial, in Wood-street and Han-
over-street. The first Liverpool newspaper was published
in 1756; and the first Liverpool directory in 1766.
l"bree daily newspapers and four weekly ones are now
publi.shed, besides various sheets on shijiping and mer-
cantile matters, and some weekly periodicals. Provision
markets are held daily; general markets, on Wednesday
and Saturday ; the corn-market, on Tuesday and Fridav ;
and fairs for horses and cattle, on 25 July and 11 Nov.
The provision-markets are remarkably well-supplied ;
not only commanding a great sweep of country, for all
sorts of produce, by railway and by canal, but also com-
manding vast imports of poultry, eggs, butter, and gen-
eral farm-produce from Cheshire, North Wales, and the
Isle of JIau, and of live stock, bacon, grain, and butter,
from Ireland and Scotland, by constantly plj-ing steamers.
Manufactures are, in a chief degree, either repelled by
commerce or subsidiarj' to it; they can ill thrive on so
stupendous a scene of shipping and transit, where the
labouring classes meet ready and sufficient employment
in ways more congenial to them than under the coufine-
ment and restraints of factories; they are mainly driven
off to more inland towns, where they receive imported
raw materials from Liverpool, aud whence they send
back to it the manufactured articles for exportation; yet,
in such departments as are immediately reciuired for
shipping interests, and even in some not much or at all
connected with these, they are great and flourishing.
Ship-building is carried on to a large extent ; and it has
produced, not only multitudes of first-clas.s merchant
vessels, and multitudes of merchant steamers, both of
timber and iron, but also many large wai--vcssels for the
Government. Stc.am-engincs and other machinery, in-
cluding engines of the be.st and most powerful kind for
the largest steam-ships, are made in many extensive fac-
tories. The making nf chain-cables and anchors, the
working of iron and brass, rope-making, sail-m^iking,
and cmplojTnents akin to these, also are carried on in
large establishments. Soap-making is so extensive that,
according to an official return for 1839, the quantity
made here, in that year, was 49,927,039 lbs., while the
quantity made in London was only 33,885,053 lbs., aud
LIVERPOOL.
77
LIVKllTON.
the exi-ise duty oa it was £320,000, while the total
excise Juty on :ill nrticlos whatuver, iuoluJing this, was
no more than £0-2,935. There are likewise several large
siiif ir refineries, breweries, glaas-stainiii;^ works, alkau-
works, tar and turiientLne distilleries, a larije cotton fac-
tor}', and a number of corn, rice, colour, and other mills.
The making of chronometers, watches, and watch-move-
luents also is very largely earned on.
T'm Bormtrjh. — Liverpool borough, prior to the reform
and the municipal acts, was conterminute with Liverpool
parish; but it now, as already noticed, includes also the
townships of Everton and Kirkdale, and parts of the
parish of West Derby, and the extra-parochial part of
Toxteth Park; and it is tlivided into the 16 wards of
Scotland, Vaoshall, St. Paul, Exchange, Castle-street,
SL Peter, Pitt-street, Great George, Kodney, Abercrom-
by, Lime-street, St. Anne, Everton, West Derby, South
Toxteth, and North To.xteth. The corporation consists
of a mayor, 16 aldermen, and 48 councillors; and there are
a reconler, a stipendiary magistrate, an assessor, a town-
clerk, and other officers. The numbers of the officials,
■with their respective amount.? of salary, in 1S66, were 4
judicial, with £3,225; 22 in the town-tlcrk's department,
■with £7,019; 55 in the treasurer's department, with
£9,591; 3 in the auditor's department, with £660; 7 in
the surveyor's, ■with £1,834; 6 in the district building
surveyor's, with £949 ; 10 magistrate's clerks, wdth
£2,385; 20 in the town-hall department, with £1,285;
19 in the law-courts and St. George's hall, with £1,204;
22 in the constabulary force, vdih. £4,037; 67 in the
borough jaU, with £6,088; 30 in the markets' depart-
ment, with £2,334; 10 for inspection of weights and
measures, ^vith £763; 2 for inspection of hackney car-
riages, with £205; 3 for inspection of g;is-meters, wth
£293 ; 39 in the borough engineer's department, ■with
£4,863; 82 in the water engineer's department, with
£6,100; 3 connected with river craft, with £241 ; 3 in
the billet master's office, ^vith £213; 34 in the baths and
wash-houses, with £2,139; Sin the medical officer of
health's department, with £1,284; 27 for inspection of
nuisances, with £2,204 ; 12 in the scavenging staff, with
£873; 33 in the corporation schools, with £1,499; 18
in the libraries and museum, with .£'1,544 ; and 1 in the
botanic gardens, with £150. There are also, now paid
by the Dock and Harbour board, but formerly paid by the
CorponUion, 17 for collecting the town dues, with £2,205;
2 for the Observatory, with £400 ; 3 for chain-cable-tcst-
ing, with £222; 2 water bailifl's, with £220; and 9 for
the North landing-stage, with £507. The corporation
income amounted, in 1855, or two years previous to the
transference from it of the dock estate, to .£481,947 ; but
amo'xnts now to only about £190,000. The police-force
■was established in 1836 ; comprises borough, dock, andfirc-
policc; is formed, likethatof the metropolis, into cii visions;
comprised, in 1864, 1 head con.stable, 14 supenntendents,
94 inspectors, 903 constables, and 18 detectives; and
cost, in that year, £73,606,— of which £15,426 were paid
by Government. The crimes committed in 1S64, were
4,326; the persons apprehended, 2,125; the dejiredators
and siLspected persons at large, 3,160 ; the houses of bad
character, 1,518. The water suppl)' requiretl, in 1865,
was 40,000,000 of gallons per week pumped from the
Sandstone wells, and 78,000,000 per week drawn from
reservoirs at Rivington, besides 60,000,000 per week for
compensation ; but the suppl}', owing to the rapid in-
cre.Lse of population, was then becoming insufficient ; and
two projects wore afoot to increase it, — the one to erect
an additional resen-oir at Ili\'ington, at a cost of £1 10,000,
— the other to sink two wells in the neighbourhood of
Aintrfc-Piootle, and to tap the red sandstone of the C'hild-
wall-ridge, at a cost of £25,000, together with an animal
working e.<pense of £1,500. Assizes and courts of quar-
ter .Sessions are Iield in spring and summer; a district
court of bankniptcy and a county-court also are held;
borough sessions aie held quarterly and intermediately;
courts of pii-ssagd and requ^.^t, fir the recovery of debts,
arc hehl weekly; and courts of jietty sessions are held
daily. The borough is a polling-place for the S division
of the county; and, under the reform act, it sends two i
members to parliament. Electors in 1833, 11,28;!; in
1863, 16,476. Amount of projierty and income ta.K
cliarged in 1863, £331,994. Le.al property in 1860 of
the Liverpool parish portion, £1,425,965; of the Ever-
ton portion, £162,758 ; of the Kirkdale portion, £63,674;
of the West Derby jiorrion, £11 4,591 ; ol the first division
of Toxteth-Park, £13ri,750; of the second division of
Toxteth-Park, £102,782. Pop. in 1851, 375,955; in
1861, 443,933. Ilou.-es, 65,781.
LIVERPOOL AND BURY RAILWAY, a railway in
Lancashire; from Liverpool, east -north-eastward, past
UphoUand, Wigan, and Bolton, to Bury. It was au-
thorized in 1845; was amalgamated with the Manchester
and Leeds in 1846; went, with that railway, into the
system of the Lancashire and Y'orkshire in 1847; and
was opened in 1S4S. It is 28] miles long; and it joins,
at its ends and in its progress, with various other lines.
LIVERPOOL, CROSBY, AND SOUTHPORT RAIL-
WAY, a ravjwayin Lancashire; from ajunctiou with the
Liverpool and Bury, If mile N of Tithebarn-strcet sta-
tion in Liverpool, over the Lancaslure and Y^orksliire
and the East Lancashire to Crosby, and thence along
the coast to Southport. It was authorized in 1847; and
was purchased by the Lancashire and Yorkshire in 1855."
It is 184 miles long; but If mile of its length, to the
Kirkdale junction, belonged originally to the Lancashire
and Yorkshire ami the East Lancashire.
LIVERPOOL A]SD LEEDS CANAL. Sec Leeds
AND LmiRPOOL C.\^>AL.
LIVERPOOL AND JIANCHESTER RAILAVAY', a
raUway in Lancashire; from Liverpool, east by north-
ward, to Manchester. It was authorized in 1826; was
opened in 1830; was amalgamated with the Grand Junc-
tion and other lines in 1846; and passed, under powers
of the same year, to the Northwestern. It is notable for
having been the fii-s: railway of any mark ever fonned;
for figuring as the parent and exemplar of all the princi-
pal railways in the world; for the stupendous difficulties,
at once political, financial, an<l physical, wlrich were en-
countered and overcome in the forming of it ; and for
the occasion which it gave for the exercise of the remark-
able ingenuity and indomitable perseverance of its famous
engineer, George Stephenson, originally a peasant, and
eventually the inventor of the locomotive. Its capital,
at am.algamation with the Grand Junction, was taken at
£1,692,600.
LIVERSEDGE, a township, a chapelry, and a sub-
district in Birstal parish, Dewsbury district, W. R.
Y'orkshire. The township lies on the Cleckheaton branch
of the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway, midway be-
tween Huddersfield and Bradford; has a station on the
railway, 9 miles NNE of Huddersfield; and contains the
hamlets of Robert-Town, Little-Town, Heights, High-
Town, and JlillbriJge, each of the two latter of which
has a post-office under Nonnanton. Acres, 2,144. Real
property, £23,376; of which £693 are in mines, £100 in
quairies, and £600 in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 6,974;
in 1861, 8,176. Houses, 1,813. Many good residences
are in various parts, particularly at Heights. Jlanu-
factures of cloth, coverlets, carpets, cards, machines,
wire, and chemicals are at Liversedge; manufactures of
thread, cards, chemicals, and bricks are at Robert-Town;
blanket manufactories, dye-works, scribbling-mills, and
market - gardens, are at Little -Town; worsted and
cotton mills and card manufacture are at High-Town;
and Turkey caipet, rug, and woollen mills, an iron
foundrj', and card nianufacture are at Mill bridge. — The
chapelry was constituted in 1S60; and it includes only
])art of the township, the rest being included in Rob-irt-
Town chapeliy. V'j^. in 1851, 5,843. Houses, 1,299.
The living is a p. oiracy in the diocc^e of Ripon. Value,
£300.* Patron, t'ae Vicar of Birstal. The church
was built in 1S16, at a cost of £7,000. There are
chapels for Wesh'vaiis, Primitive Methodists, New Con-
nexion Methodists, and United Free Methoilists, and
two national schools. The sub-district contains also
the township of Heckmondwiko. Acres, 2,807. Pop.,
14,520. Houses, 3,130.
LIVERTONj-atowaship-chapelry in Fasington parish.
LIVERTON.
78
LLANAELHAIARAK
K. R. Yorkshire; 64 miles E of Guisbrough town and r.
stition. Post-town, Redcar. Acres, 2,400. Real pro-
perty, £1,216. Pop., 186. Houses, 38. TTie manor
belongs to Viscount Downe. The living is a p. curacy,
annexed to the rectory of Easington, in the diocese of
York. The church is partly Norman.
LIVERTON, a hamlet in Ilsington parish, Devon; li
mile from IlsLngton village.
LIVESEY, a township in Blackburn parish, Lanca-
shire; oa the river Darwen, the Leeds and Liverpool
canal, and the Lancashire and Yorkshire radway, at
Cherry-Tree r. .station, and 2i miles S\V of Blackburn,
Aeresj 1,890. Real property-, £12,145. Pop. in 1S51.
2,649; in 1851, 3,581. Houses, 674. The increase of
poD. arose from addition to the number of cotton mills,
which are extensive. Livesey Hall, and the greater por-
tion of the land, belonged formerly to the Livesey
famOy, now extinct; and it passed by sale, in 1802, to
the famOy of Feilden. The Leeds and Liverpool canal
here crosses the river Darwen by a fine one-arched aque-
duct. The township is nearly co-extensive with the
chapelry of Feniscowles; the church of which was built
in 1836, is partly in the pointed style and partly in the
Tndor, and has a tower and spire. A national school,
at Waterloo, is used as a chapel of ease. An Independ-
ent chapel at Mill-HLU is a recent and handsome erection ;
and contains about 1,000 sittings. The previous chapel
is now used as a school-house. A mechanics' institute
■was established in 1S53.
LIXTON, a hamlet in Aveton-GifFord parish, Devon;
Si miles from Kingsbridge.
LIZA (Thp,), a stream of Cumberland; rising between
the Hay Stacks and the Great Gable mountains, anil run-
ning 6 miles west-north-westward, along Ennenlale, to the
head of Ennerdale-water. It is overhung, on the left
side, by the curious heights called the Pilbr and the
Steeple.
LIZARD, a place in the E of Salop; 3} niUes NE of
ShitFnal. It is a meet for the Albrighton hounils.
LIZARD (The), a headland in the SW of ComwaU ;
12 miles S by E of Helston. It is the most southerly
promontory of England ; and is generally the first land
seen by ships on entering the English channel It is the
Promontorium Damnonium, or Ocrinum, of Ptolemy.
Its modem name is supposed by some to have originated
in the shape or the variegated colouring of its cliffs, as
seen from the Channel; by others, to have been derived
from the Cornish word Liazherd, signifying "a project-
ing headland." Its cliffs consist chiefly of serpentine;
and the fields near it are based on hornblende and talco-
micaceous schist. The coast at and near it abounds in
striking and romantic features ; the chief of which are
the Bumble, the Lion's Den, Daw's Hugo, Househole,
Penolver, Belidden, the Chair, Bass Point, Hot Point,
Kilkobben Cove, Pamvose Cove, Raven's Hugo, Dolor
Hugo, the B-alk of Landewednack, Cadgewith village,
the Devil's Fiying Pan, Caerthillian ravine, Holestrow,
the Yellow Carn, I'or Balk, Kinance Cove, the Rill head-
land, the Horse, Pigeon's Hugo, the Soap Rock, Vellan
Point, Pradanack Head, ilullion Gull Rook, Mullion
Cove, Mullion Island, Bellurian Cove, and others. Two
lighthouses stand at the Lizard, 223 feet asunder; were
erected in 1792; were worked bj' coal fires till 1313; are
on bases 186 feet above sea-level ; and show two fixed
lights, visible at distances of 18 and 20 mUes.
LIZ.\RD-TOWN, a viUage in the vicinity of the
Lizard, in Cornwall. It is a poor place, but has a post-
otfice, of the uame of Lizard, under Helston, Cornwall.
LL.\CHARN. See Lacc.iiarne.
LLAETHBWLCH, a township in Ll.anfihaagel parish,
ilontgomerv; 5.^ miles S\7 of Llanfyllin. Pop., 66.
LLAETHWRVD, a town.ship in Cerrig-v-Druidion
parish, Denbigh; 13 miles SW of Ruthin. Pop., 150.
LLAFERNOC. See L.wkuxock.
LLAITHFANN, a to^vnship iiiLlanelian pirish, Den-
bigh; 4i mUes WSW of Abergele. Pop., 290.
LL.'^.LASTON. See Lalestov.
LLAill'lIEY. See Lajipua and Lamphey.
LL.'VN, a Welsh word used, both by itself and as a
prefix, in topogi-aphical nomenrlature. It signifies, pri-
marily, a smooth area, an enclosure, or a place of meet-
ing; secondarily, a church-place or village; and nietuny-
mically, a church. It vary generally boars the last of
those meanings in nomenclature; and very often takes
the patron saint's name in conjunction with it to form
the entire name of a place, — as Llanafan or ."'r. Avan's
churcli, Llanbadrig or St. Patrick's church, Llanbedr or
St. Peter's church, &c.
LLAN, a hamlet in Llanfihangel-Aberbj-tliych parish,
Carmarthen; 4j miles WSW of Llandilofawr. Pop.,
with Cilygeruant, 215.
IjL.^N. a hamlet in Llangendeirne pari.sh, Carmar-
thenshire: near the Little Gwendraeth river, 4^ mUes
SE of Carmarthen. Pop., with Bleine, G34.
LLAN, a township in Bryn-Eghvj-s parish, Denbigh;
5^ miles NW of Llangollen.
LLAN, a to\s'nship in Llanarmon parish, Denbi-'h; 5i
miles E3E of Ruthin. Pop., 231.
LLAN, a townsliip in Llanelian parish, Denbigh; 4.^
mdes WSW of Abergele. Pop., 125.
LL.A.N, a townshij) in Llanelidan paiish, Denbigh: 5|
miles S of Ruthin. Pop., 90.
LLAN, a township in Llangwym parish, Denbigh; 7}
miles W of Corwen. Pop., 174.
LLAN, a township in Llanihaidr-in-Kinmerch parish,
Denbighshire; 3] miles SE of Denbigh. Pop., 343. The
manor belongs to the Bishop of Bangor.
LLAN, a township in Llansaintffraid parish, Denbigh;
2 miles SE of Conway. Pop., 419.
LLAN, a to^^Tlship in Dvmeirchion parish, Flint; 3^
miles ESE of St. Asaph. Pop., 198.
LL.\N, a townshij) in Gwaenvsgor parish, Flint; 4J
miles NE of Rhuddlan. Pop., 199.
LLAN, a township in Nannerch parish, Flint; 3|
miles SSW of Holywell. Pop., 118.
LL.VN, a township in L!anfa\vr parish, Merioneth; 1
mile NE of Bala. Pop., 244.
LLAN, a to\vnsl!ip in Guilsfield parish, Montgomerv;
3} miles N of Welshpool. It contains Guilslield villa""e.
Pop., 239.
LL.\.N, a town.ship in Himant parish, ^Montgomery;
6i miles NW of Llanfyllin. Pop., 115.
LLAN, a township in Llandrinio parish, Mnutgoniery;
8.i miles NE of Welshpool. Pop., 533.
LLiVN, a township in Llansaintffraid parish, Mont-
gomery ; 5i miles ENE of Llanfj'llin. Pop., 421.
LLAN, a township in Llanwddpi parish, ilontgomery;
11 miles W of Llanfyllin. Pop., 171.
LLAN, or The-Llan", a township in Cilcen parish,
Flint; 4| miles WNW of Mold. It contains Cilcen
village. Pop., 334. House.'!, 74.
LLANABEK, a parish iu Dolgelly district, Merioneth;
on the river Jlaw, Caniigan bay, and the Barmouth rail-
ways, around the town of B.iniiouth. It contains Bar-
mouth town, with its liead post-office and railway station;
and contains also the handetsof I.-.ymyaydd and Cchmy-
nydd. Acres, 12,679; of which 760 are water. Real
property, £6,354. Pop., 1,600. Houses, 332. The
surface is hilly; and the rocks include lead and copper
ores. Egym was once a friary, and is now a farm-house.
The living is a rectory, united with the chapelry of Bar-
mouth, in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £213. Patron,
the Prince of Wales. The church stands IJ mile N of
Barmouth; is early English, with plain exterior; was, for
many years, so greatly dilapid.fted ;is to be unfit for use;
has been beautil'ully restored, after designs by Boyce;
comprises clerestoried nave, aisles, and chancel; has a
vei-y fine interior, and .an exquisite S doorway; and con-
tains a curious chc-st which was used for receiving votive
otterings. A chuvcli and three dissenting chapels are in
Barmouth; and there are charities £5. Four successive
bards, of the name of Phillips, li.-cd at Ilendrco-Vechan.
LLANAELHAIAKAN, or LLV.\-i£Ainx, a parish, witli
a small WUage, in Pwiiheli district, Carrarvon; in the
Lk-yn peninsula, 5.^ miles N by E of PwUhoIi, and 7 SW
by S of Nanttle r. station. It has a jioit-ofRce under
Pwllheli. Acres, 6,698; of which 220 arc watpr. Real
property, £2,885; of which £250 are in quarries. Pop.
LLANAFAN.
LLAXARMON-DYFFRYN-CEIRIOG.
in 1S51, CIO; in 1S61, 736. Houses, 151. The incro.iso
of pop. arose from the cxteusion of granite quamcs. The
property is iliviileJ among a few. Yr-Eivel or Pavel
inountiiins, with Vortij;orn's pass, are on the coast; thi^y
rise, with great abruptness, to an altitude of 1,863 feet;
and, as sten from the head of the pass near the village,
thev present a magnificent escarpment of frowning preci-
pices. The ancient fortified British town of Tre'r Caeri
is within the fastnesses of these mountains; and, though
utterly iinlcnown to record, is one of the most interesting
and perfect antiquities of its class in the kingdom. "It
consists of several groups of cells or cyttiau, surrounded
hy a wall enclosing upwards of 5 acres, being more than
300 yards from E to W. The inner wall, which is very
perfect, is in many places 15 feet high, and in some 16
I'cet broad; and has a parapet and walk upon it. There
are nine groups of cells of various forms, — round, oval,
oblong, square, .ind in some instances a combination of
hexagonal chambers leading to a circular one." Traces
exist of copper and manganese. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £2'25. Patron, the
Bishop of Bangor. The church stands on clifis, over-
lookiug Carnarvon bay; and is later English and cruci-
form. Charities, £7.
LLANAFA>r, a parish in Aberystivith district, Car-
digan ; on the river Ystwith, near a line of railway,
which was in progress of formation in 1866, 8 miles N of
Tregaron, and 9 SE of Aberystwith. It contains the post-
office of Crosswood, under Aberystwith. Acres, 2,588.
Real propertj-, £1,241. Pop. in 1851, 419; in 1861, 567.
Houses, 114. The increase of pop. arose from thee.^ten-
sion of lead-mining. Crosswood Park, called by the
Welsh Trawscced, is the seat of the Earl of Lisbume,
and has beautiful grounds. Part of the parish is wild
moor and dreary common. The living is a p. curacy in
the diocese of St. David's. Value, £88. Patron, T. P.
B. Chichester, Esq. The church is ancient; and contains
a screen, an octagonal font, and an ancient silver com-
munion dist.
LLANAFAN-FAAVR, a parish in BuUth district,
Brtcon; on an affluent of the river Wye, 6 miles NW of
Biiilth town and r. station. It is cut into three divi-
sions,— first, second, and third ; it contains, besides
these, the hamlet of Llysdiuara; and its post-town is
Ijuilth, Brcoonshire. Acres of the three divisions, 7,971;
of Llv.sdinam hamlet, 2,476. Real property of the first
div., £1,066; of the second div., £796 ; of the third div.,
£1,303; of liysdinam hamlet, £1,116. Pop. of the
whole, 936. Ilouses, 174. Pop. of Llysdinam, 242
Houses, 39. The suiface is hilly, and is largely dis-
I)osed in pasture. The living is a vicarage, united with
the p. curacies of Llanafan-Fechan and Llanfihangel-
Br\-n-Pabuan, in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
£2"73.* Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church
contains a monument of Bishop Avan. A Presbyterian
church was founded in 1670. The parish has a share in
Powell's charities at Brecon. Mab-y-Clochyddyn, a poet
of the 14th century, supposed to be Maclutf-ap-Lly-
warch, was a native.
LLANAFAN-FECHAX, or LL.\XFEcnAX, a parish in
Builth district, Brecon; on the river Irvon, 5 miles W
by S of Builth to\vn and r. starion. Post-town, Builth,
Breconshire. Acres, 2,733. Real property, £927. Pop.,
163. Houses, 25. The surface is hilly, and the rocks
include slate. Gwarafog, an anci'-nt niixnsion, is now a
farm-house. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the
vicarage of Llanafan-Fawr, in the diocese of St. David's.
The church is small.
LLANALLGO, a parish or parochial chapeliT in the
dL^trict and county of Anglesey; on the coiist, at Jloel-
fre bay, 6 miles E by !N of Llanerchymcdd r. station.
Post-town, Llanerchvmedd, under fJangor. Acres, 659.
Real property, £752. Pop., 430. Hou.-?es, 93. _ The
property is subdivided. Marble of good quality is ob-
tain.;d. A cromlech of largo size, resting on seven sup-
])ort.s, is near iloelfre. The living is a p. curac}-, annex'.d
to the rectory of Llanengrad, in the (lioceso of Bangor.
Tiie cliurch claims to have been erected in the 7th ten-
tuiy; is cruciform; vras recently restored; .and is notable
for a monument to the numerous persons who perished
in the shipwreck of the Royul Charter steam-clipper, on
tlie rocks of ilnelfre in 1859. The monument is ol
marble, cut from the rock on which the Royal Charter
struck; has tlio form of a quadrangular obelisk; and
bears, ou its four sides, the inscriptions, — "The Roya:
Charter, 2,719 tons register, sailed from Melbourne.
Australia, August 26, 1859, bound for Liverpool, with
324 passengers and a crew of 103" — "This monumeii:
was erected by the public, in memory of those who per-
ished in the shipwreck of the Royal Charter, near iloel-
fre, on the island of Anglesey, October 26, 1859"—
"Here lie the remains of 140 of the siifTerers, aud 45 in
the churchyard of Penrhos-Lligwy " — "The remains of
several of the sufl'erers lie near the following churches,"
— here follows a list of nine churches on the N coast of
Anglesey. In the spring of 1866, 140 sovereigns were
obtained by divers from the wreck of the Royal Charter;
and they were as bright as if they had been newly coined.
A well, once held in superstitious veneration, is neiir tlie
church.
LLAKAMMWLCH. See Ll.ajnhaml.icii.
LLAX-ANDRAS. See Presteig.ve.
LLANANNERCH, a hamlet in Aberportli parish,
Cardiganshire; 6. V miles NE of Cardigan. Pop., 166.
LLANANNO, a parish in Knighton district, Radnor;
on the river Ithon, 10 mUes X W by W of Rhayader r. sta-
tion. Post-to^vn, Newto\vn, Montgomeryshire. Acres,
4,400. Real property, £1,590. Pop., 358. Houses,
60. Slight remains e.xist of Castle Dynbod, a very strong
fortress, demolished in 1640 by Llewelyn ap Grufydd.
There is a mineral spring. The living is a p. curacy,
united -n-ith the p. curacy of Llanbadain-FynydJ, in tha
diocese of St. David's. Value, £150. Patron, the Chan-
cellor of Brecon CoUegiate Church. The church is de-
dicated to St. Wonno.
LL.A.NARMON, a parish in Pwllheli district, Carnar-
von; in the LlejTi peniusida, 4 miles NE bv N of
PwlUieli, and 12 SW by S of NantUe r. station." Post-
town, Pwllheli. Acres-, 3,753. Real property, £2,831.
Pop., 556. Houses, 109. Broom Hall is the .seat of .L
L. Jones, Esq. A search for coal, which promised to bo
successful, was made, in 1862, at Bryn-y-bachan, near
Afon-Wen. The living is a rectory, annexed to the rec-
tory- of Llangy-bi, in the diocese of Bangor. The church
is dedicated to St. Garmon or Gcrmanus, and was restored
in 1863. There are two chapels for Calvinistic iletho-
dists, and one for Wesleyans.
LLANAILMON, a parish and a sub-district in Ruthin
district, Denbigh. The parish lies on the river Alen, 5
niUes ESE of Ruthin r. station; has a post-office under
Mold, Flintshire, and fairs on 30 July and 19 Oct. ; aud
contains the townships of Llan, Alltgymbyd, Benhadlen,
Boflidris, Bodidris-Truam, Bodigi-e'r-Abbot, Bodigre'r-
Yarll, Creiogiog-Is-Glan, Creiogiog-Uwch-Glan, Chwyl-
eirlog, Cyfnant, Erryrys, Gellig>Tin.<in, and Gwaenyti'-
ymon. Acres, 11,241. Real property, £7,941. Pop.,
2,019. Houses, 423. The property is much subdivided.
The surface is nigged and mountainous; includes much
of the "wild lulls of Yale;" and is dominated by
Cyrn-y-brain, rising to the altitude of 1,857 feet. Toni-
men-y-Vardra fort, and Bwlch-Agricla pass are in tha
neighbourhood. Lead mines are at Enyrys. Plas-
Bodidris is an old seat of the Yaughans of Corsj-gedol.
A castle of Owen Gwynedd was at Yale. There are many
tiuuuli, in which urns containing the ashes of burnt
bones have been found. The living is a vicarage, in the
diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £350.'* Patron, the Bishop
of St. Asaph. The church contains au efiigies of a
knight, an effigies of Abbot Gnifydd ap Llewelyn of
Vallo Crucis, monuments of the Lloyds, iind a curious
lirass chandelier, supjiosed to have been brought from
Valle Crucis abbey. The p. curacy of la-iyrys is a se-
parate benefice. There .are an endowed school with £33
a-ycar, and other charities £21.— The sub-dist_rict cun-
tiiius also two other parishes. Acres, 18,335. Pop.,
3,196. Houses, 673.
LLANARMON - DYFFRYISr - CEIRIGG, a villugo
and a parish in the district of Corwcn aud county of
r.LANARARJIOX-MYNYDD-MAWR.
80
LLANBADARX-FAWR.
Denbif!li. Tho A-iUage stands on the river Ceiriog, 9
miles \VN\V of Oswestry r. station; and has apost-oUice,
under Llangollen, and a fair on 13 Aug. — The parish
contains the townships of LlowTan, and Llowarcii, and
comprises 6,557 acres. Real property, £2,801. Pop.,
315. Houses, 60. The property is not much divided.
Traces erist of a double-ditched camp. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £250.* Pa-
tron, the Bishop of Llandaff. The church was recently
in disrepair.
LLANARMON-ilYNYDD-MAWR, a parish in the
district of LlanfyUin and county of Denbigh ; adjacent
to Montgomeryshire, SimilesSSWof Llanarmon-Dyffryn-
Ceiriog, and 6 N of Llanfyllin r. station. Post-town,
Llanfyllin, under Oswestry. Acres, 2,590. Real pro-
perty, with Banhadla-Ucha and Henfache, £2,471. Rated
property, of L. alone, £844. Pop., 140. Houses, 25.
The property is divided among a few. The living is a
p. curacy in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £64. Pa-
tron, the Bishop of St. Asaph. The church is tolerable.
LLANARTH, a parish and a sub-district in Aber-
gavenny district, ^Monmouth. The parish lies on an
affluent of the river Usk, 3^ miles E of Penpergwin r. sta-
tion, and 5.^ SE of Abergavenny; has a post-office under
Monmouth, and includes the hamlet of Clytha, Acres,
3,793; of which 1,841 are in Clytha. Real propei-tj-,
£6,073; of which £2,993 are in Clytha. Pop. in 1861,
679; of which 354 were in Clytha. Houses, 125; of
■which 72 were in Clytha. The property is divided
among a few. Llanarth Court belonged to the chamber-
lain of Henry I., and i)assed to the Herberts. The liv-
ing is a vicarage, united \vith the p. curacy of Bettws-
Newydd, in the diocese of Llandaflf. Value, £288.*
Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of LlandafF. The church
is good; and there are a Roman Catholic chapel, and
charities £57. — The sub-district contains also six other
parishes. Acres, 10,061. Pop., 1,884. Houses, 392.
IjL.ANARTH, a p.irish in Aberajrron district, Cardi-
gan; on the rivulet Lethi or Llethy down to the coast;
4\ miles SSW of Aberayron, and 13 WNW of Lampeter
r. station. It has a jiost-otFice under Carmarthen, and
fairs on 12 Jan., 12 IMarch, 17 June, 22 Sept., and the
Wednesday after 12 Dec; and it includes the hamlets
of Dre, Fach, Gafriw, Gelli, Goytre, Hir, Llyflannog,
Mochros, Talybonllwyd, and Werr. Acres, 15,044; of
which 25 are water. Real property, £6,034. Pop. in
1851, 2,337; in 1861, 2,216. Houses, 524. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. Noyadd- Llanarth be-
longed formerly to the Gryffiths, and belongs now to Loid
Kensington. Wern belonged, in the time of Henry
VII., to the Lloyd.s; and gave entertainment to that
monarch, on his way to Bosworth field Ancient camps
are at Pen-y-gaer and Castell-MoeddjTi. The living is a
vicarage, united with vicarage of Llanina, in the dio-
cese of St. Davids. Value, £120.* Patron, the Bishop
of St. Davids. The church consists of nave and chancel,
with a massive tower; contains some curious monuments;
and was in disrepair in 1866. An inscribed stone, bear-
ing a cross, with four circular holes at the junction of the
arms, and nssociated with a wild leg'-ndary stoiy, was in
the churchyard, and has been removed into the tower. A
school, with capacity for about 120 children, was built
in 1859, at a cost of £700; and is surmounted with a bell-
cott and a spirelet.
LLANARTHNEV, n village and a parish in the dis-
trict and county of Carmarthen. The village st.ands on
the river Towy, adjai'ent to the Cannarthen and Llandilo
railway, 8 miles E of Carmarthen; and has a station on
the railway, a po.st-uUice under Carniartlieu, and a fair
for horses, cattle, and sheep on .5 June, a fair for pigs on
6 June, and other f lirs on tlie ilonday after 12 July and
V/iiit- Monday. The parish contains also tlio hamlets of
Tihinllyan, Jlyhathan, Trcfroynan, Trecastell, Trcch-
gwjnmon, Miawst, Trecl.^s, and iMjddfey; and includes
two-thirds of Mjmydd-Mawr. Acres, 10,991. Rated
property, £6,550. Pop., 2,001. Houses, 424. The
property is much subdivided. Dynevor Castle, in the
vicinity, was a atronghold of the early princes of Wales;
underwent repeated demolition and reconstruction ; is
now an ivy-clad ruin, consisting chiefly of a square tower,
a round tower, and some battleuiented walls, overliangiug
a precipice; and gave place to the modern mansion of
Dj-nevor Parle, or Newton, the seat of Lord Dynevor.
Dryslwyn Castle was one of the Edwardian fortdices,
erected by one of the princes of the house of Dynevor;
and is now represented by extensive earth-works and
ivy-clad walls, on the top of a high hill. Jliddletou
HaU is the seat of E. Abadan, E.sq. A monument to
iS'elson, in the form of a triangular tower, is on the other
side of the Towy from Dryslwyn Castle, and was erected
by Sir William Paxton. Grongar Hill, in the vicinity,
and approached through Dynevor Park, commands a very
fine view, is crowned by vestiges of an ancient camp, wa:s
sung by the poet Dyer, and was the place where he wrote
his verses. Coal and limestone are worked; and there is
a mineral spring, of similar quality to the water of Tun-
briJge- Wells. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Carmarthen. Value, £340. Patron, the Bishop of St.
Davids. The church is ancient but good, and has an
ancient stone cross. There are two Calvinistio Me-
thodist chapels.
LLAN.^SA, or Llanasaph, a parish in Holyivell dis-
trict, Flint; on the estuary of the Dee at its mouth, on
OQa's dyke, and on the Chester and Holyhead railway,
between MostjTi and Prestatyn stations, 6.^ miles NW by
N of Holywell. It has a post-office under Holywell; and
it contains the townships of Axton, Gronant, Gwcspyr,
Kelston, Picton, Trelogan, and Trewaclod. Acres,
10,809; of which 4,959 are water. Real propertj',
£9,199; of which £920 are in quarries, and £24 in niineo.
Pop. inlSSl, 2,732; in 1861, 2,882. Houses, 595. The
property is diWded among a few. Talucre, a modern
mansion, is the seat of Sir Piers Mostyn, Bart.; Gj'rn,
a ca-stellated mansion, is the seat of E. Bates, Esq. ; and
Golden Grove is the .seat of Col. Morgan. Llanasa Hill,
or Corseddaii, has an altitude of about 700 feet, and is
crowned by a signal-tower. The Point of Air at tlie Dee's
mouth, has an iron lighthouse, standing on nine pillai-s;
and shows two fixed lights, — the one 49 feet above high-
water mark, and visible at tho distance of 11 miles, — the
other at the height of only 12 feet, and intended to guiile
the navigation of vessels over the sands. A valuable
freestone, which furnished the material for Liveriwol
workhouse, is quarried at Gwespyr; and coal, iron ore,
and lead ore, are found. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £297.* Patron, the Bishop
of St. Asaph. The churcii was rebuilt in 1737; ha.s
windows of stained glass, said to have been brought from
B.'!sing\verk abbey; and contains several old monuments.
Tiiere are endowed schools with £22 a-year, and other
charities .£15. The Rev. H. Parry, the friend of Pennant,
was vicar.
LLANAVAN. See Ll.\j.-afan.
LLANAYRO-V, a place 2 miles SE of Aberayrou, in
Cardigan.
LL.ANB.^BO, a parish in the district and county of
Anglesey; 2 miles NW of Llanerch3inedd r. station.
Post-town, Llancrchyraedd, under Bangor. Acres, 1,743.
Real property, £1,314. Pop., 138. Houses, 21. The
property is divided among a few. The land is flat and
nrarshy. The living bap. curacy, annexed to the rec-
tory of Llanddausaint, in the diocesa of Bangor. The
church is ancient, in fair condition; occupies the site of
one founded in 460 by Prince Pabo of Wales, who sup-
ported the Britons ag;unst the Picts and the Scots; and
contains what puiT^orts to be his tomb.
LLANBAUARX-CWYDDIN. See Llaxcadakn-v-
CUOTDDIN.
LLANBADARN - FACH. See Llaxradaf.x -Tiikk-
EcL^VY.s.
LLANBADARX-FAWR, a viJ!.T:ce and a parish in
Alierystwith distri.;t, Cardigan. The village stands on
the river Rheidoi, and on the &rn-Helen way, 1 mile E
of Aberystwith r. station; occu])ies the site of a Roman
settlement; took its name from St. Padarn or Paterniis, a
foreigner of great celebrity ; was made by him, in 516, tho
seat of a church, a bishopric, and a monastic college;
liad, soon afterwards, another church; suU'ered devast.i-
LLANBAnAUXIAWR.
81
LLAXP.EDLIU.
tiou ly the P.iiu-s in 057 aiil 1038, when its two churches
■were (fostroyi-vi; hal long a market, wliioli w:is eventually
ri-3iovoil to Aberystwilh ; coiitaius, in its centre, a hii;;o
stone, which was split by the lighting of a bonfire on it;
standi ainiil vcnlaat rneadows, under shelter of a range
of hills, backed by Plinlimmon; and has a pnst-olfice
under Abcrystwith. The diocese existed till oTily about
600; and in consequence of the bishop of that time bav-
in" been murdered by the inh:ibitauts, it was then united
to the seo of St. David's. The monastic college was
given, in 1111, to St. Peter's of Gloucester; and went
afrcrwanls to the abbey of Vale Kuyal in Chcihiro. — Tli«
parish contains the chapelry of Aberystwith, and the
townships of Uchayudre, Issayndre, Upper Vainer,
L<iwer Vainor, Bronrastellan, Clarach, Elerch, Lower
Uanbadarn-y-Croyddin, Upper Llaubadarn-y-t'royddii;,
Cwrarheidol," Jlciindwr, Parcel-Canol, and Trefeirig.
Acres, 5,270; of which 330 are water. Peal property,
£3S,4oO; of which £3,196 are in mines, and £20 in quar-
ries. Pop. in 1851, 12,776; in 1861, 13,724,— of whom
5,641 were in Aberystwith borough. Houses in 1861,
o_6j6, — of which 1,089 were in Aberystwith borough.
The property is much subdivided. There are several
good residences. Castle House, below the castle at
Aberyshvith, is an edifice of fantastic design, built by
Kash for the late Sir- Uvedale Price, Bart. PlasCrug,
on the Rheidol near Aberystwith, is a ruined castellated
structure, said to have been the residence of Owen Glen-
dower. A mineral spring, whose waters resemble those
of Tunbridge Wells, is near Plas-Crug. Lead mines,
which were worked by Sir Hugh Myddleton, are at
Cwmsymlog and CwmrheidoL Traces exist of several
ancient British camps. The living is a Wcarage in the
diocese of St. David's. Value, £170.* Patron, the
Bishop of St. David's. The church is early English,
cruciform and large; has a massive central tower, resting
on four great piers; has also a fine early English doorway
on the S side of the nave; has likewise a number of round-
headed windows, which contribute much to its appear-
ance of solidity ana strength ; contains monuments to
the Pryses of Gogerthan, the Powels of Nanteos, and the
antiquary Morris ; and was reported, in 1859, to be in bad
condition. The churchyard contains some very ancient
sculptured stone crosses. The p. curacies of Abeiyst with,
Bant^or, Yspytty-Cenfjni, and Llangorwen are separate
benefices. There are chapels for Independents and Cal-
vinistic Slethodists in Llanbadarn-Fawr village, and other
jdaces of worsliip for dissenters in other parts of the
parish. There are also an endowed school with £20 a-
vear, and other charities £15. Archbishop Baldwin and
Girahlus visited the village in IISS ; and the poet Davydd
sp Gwillim was a native of the parish.
LLAXBAUARX-FAWR, a parish in Ehayader dis-
trict, Haduor; on the river Ithon, 7 miles NE of New-
liridge-on-Wye r. station, and S^ WNW of New Eadnor.
It is divided into the townships of Brinhyfedd and Cellws;
and it contains the village of Penybont, which has a post-
ofiice designated Penybont, Radnorshire. Acres, 3,646.
Keal property, £2,708. Pop., 475. Houses, 79. The
property is much subdivided Penybont Hall is the seat
of J. C. Severn, Esq. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of St. David's. Value, £268. Patron, the Bishop
of St. David's. The church has a S doorway of seeminglj'
very early Xorman work, vrMi some curious carving in
the tymjianum; and is in good condition.
LLANBADARN-FYN'VDD, a parish, with a small
villa;;e, in Knighton district, Radnor; on the river Ithon,
iitarthe river Tcme and the boundary- with Montgomery-
shire, 9 miles S of Newtown r. station, and 10 NE of
Khayader. Post - town, Newtown, Montgomeryshire.
Acres, 8,905. Real piojierty, £2,451. Pop., 609. Houses,
10.5. The property is subdivided. The surface is hilly,
and includes much barren moor and j)asture. Camnant
bridge, across the Ithon, is near the village. The living
is a p. curacy, annexed to the p. curacy of Llananno, in
the diocese of St. David's. Fairs are held on the last
Fridav of April, 4 August, and tho Saturday before
ilicliael mas-day.
LLANDADARN-ODWYN, a paiish in Tregaron dis-
trict, Cardigm; on the river Ayron, and on the Sarn-
Ifelen way, 3 miles W by N of Tregaron r. station. Post-
town, Tregaron, und.-r Carm.irthen. Acre.s, 4,425. Real
pro])erty, £1,735. Pop., 527. Plouses, 107. The suffix
Odwyn, in tho name of the parish, signifies " very white,"
and alludes to tho appearance of the church on a high
bleak eminence, which commands an extensive view along
the valley of the Ayron. The living is a p. curacy, an-
nexed to the p. curacy of Llanddewi-Breli, in the diocese
of St. David's. There is a Calvinistic Jlethodist chapel.
LLANBAD.VRN-TKEF-EGLWYS, or Llanb.^daun--
Fach, a parish, with a village, in Aberayron district,
Cardig.in; on the river Arth, near the coast, 3 miles ENE
of Aberayron, and 11 NW of Lampeter r. station. Post-
town, AberajTon, under Carmarthen. Acres, 6,283.
Real property, £2, 4SS. Pop., 948. Houses, 213. The
property is divided among a few. The sufBx Trcf-Egh\-ys.
in the name of the parish, signifies "three churches,"
and alludes to the existence formerly of three churches
here, two of which have disappeared. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £45.
Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church vras
formerly collegiate, and had a prebend; and it is in good
condition. There are two Calvinistic Methodist chapels.
LLANBADARN-Y-CROYDDIN(LowERandUi>PEK),
two townships in Llanbadarn-Fawr parish, Cardigan; 2
and 3 miles SE of Aben'stwith. Acres, 4,981 and 9,342.
Real property, £4,050 and £2,622. Pop., 773 and 980.
Houses, 150 and 192.
LLANBADAEN-Y-GARREG, a parochial chapelry in
the district of Bmlth and county of Radnor; on the river
Edw, 5 mdes SE by E of BuUtli r. station. Post-to^Ti,
Builth, Breconshire. Acres, 900. Real propert}', £454.
Pop., 59. Houses, 13. The property is subdivided.
The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of
Cregrina, in the diocese of St. David's. The church is
tolerable; and there are charities £13.
LLANBADDOCK, a parish, with a village, in Ponty-
pool district, Monmouth; on the river Usk, 1 mile S of
Usk town and r. station. Post-town, Usk, under New-
port, Monmouth. Acres, 3,465. Real property, £3,747;
of which £91 are in fisheries. Pop., 452. Houses, 104.
The property is much subdivided. The road from Usk
to Caerleon traverses the parish, and goes, for some dis-
t^vnce, between the bank of the Usk and a wooded preci-
pice. Traces of the .Julian way are in the vieinitj*. The
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Llandatf. Value,
.£72. Patron, the Rev. T. A. Williams. The church is
dedicated to St Madocus, and is good. There are a
school with £8 a-year from endowment, and other char-
ities £7.
LLANBADRIG, a parish in the district and county of
Anglesey; on the coast at Cemmaes bay, 4 J miles W by
N of Amlwch r. starion. It contains the to\vnships of
Cemmaes and Clygyrog, the former of which has a post-
office under Amlwch. Acres, 4,097. Real property,
£1,460. Pop. in 1851, 1,281; in 1801, 1,187. Houses,
296. The property is subdivided, Ynys-Badrig, or
Monse-rock, lies off the coast. The rocks include mar-
ble, limestone, and serpentine. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £169. Patron, the
Lord Chancellor. The old church stands on a cliff, over-
looking the sea; is an ancient structure, in good condi-
tion; succeeded one which is said to have been founded
by St. Patrick, on his way to Ireland; and is still used
for marriages and burials. The new church stands in
the village of CeuLniaes, and was built in 1804. There
are two Independent chapels, two Calvinistic ilethodist
chapels, an endowed school with £24 a-ycar, and other
charities £11.
LLANBADRIG, Carnarvon. See Ll^vnlkdrog.
LLANBEBLIG, a township and a parish, in the dis-
trict and county r.f CarcaiTon. The towu.'ihip lies on
the river Sciont, the Menai Strait, and the Carnarvon
and NantUe railway, 1 mile SR of Carnarvon; and in-
cludes tho pla.HS called Bont-Newvdil, Cnst.-Umai, and
Trctlan. Pop. in U'>1, l,2'i9; in 1801, 1,42.'>. Houses.
281. The increase of pop. arose from ihe opening of new
slate quarries. — The parish contains also the borough of
LLANBEDE.
83
LLANBERIS.
Carnarvon, and comprises 6,322 acres of land, and 470 of
water. Real property, £-27,413; of which £100 arc in
mines, £2,000 in railways, and £300 in gas-works. Pop.
in ISol, 9,S83; in 1861, 9,937. Houses, 2,101. The
chief features are noticed in the article C-\.r.x.A.P.voN. The
living is a vicarage, united with the chapelries of Carnar-
von and Waenfawr, in the diocese of Banjror. Value,
£330.* Patron, the Bishop of Chester. The chnrch is
ancient and cruciform; was restored in 1S42; is a plain
structure, with Irish-stepped battlements; contains a
beautiful figured alabaster monument to ^V. Griffith,
brought hither from Llanvaes; is dedicated to St. Peblig
or Publicus, a son of INIaximus and Helena; and was
given, by Richard II., to the nunnery of St. Mary at
Chester. , , . t i ..
LLANBEDR, a quondam chapeliy m Liangstone
parish, Monmouth; 54 miles ENE of Newport. Its
church was dedicated to St. Peter, but ha^ gone to ruin.
LLANBEDR, a village and a parish in Festiniog
district, Merioneth. The vUlage stands on the river
Artro, near the coast, adjacent to a line of railway which
was in progress of formation in 1S66 from Nan tile to
Barmouth, 2 mUes SSE of Harlech; is a pretty place,
embosomed in wood; has a post-oHice, under Carnarvon,
and a small inn; is the best fishing-station in Merioneth,
except Tal-y-Llyn; and serves as a go<>i point to the
tourist for exploring the romantic scenery of Glyn- Artro
and the neighbouring passes. — The parish contains also
the hamlet of Cwsm-Fryn; and comprises 7,102 acres of
land, and 210 of water. Real property, £1,659. Pop.,
370. Houses, 79. The property is divided among a
few. The surface is hilly, and the rocks contain manga-
nese. There are remains of two cromlechs. The living
is a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Llandanwg, in
the dioces6,of Bangor. The church was recently in dis-
repair. Charities £6.
LLANBEDR, Cardigan. Sec L.wipeter.
LLANBEDR, or Ll.\.nbedr-Ystk.a.dwy, a parish in
Crickhowell district, Brecon; on the river Gnvny, under
Su^ar-Loaf-hUl, at the boundary with ilonmouth, 2
miles NNE of Crickhowell, and 6 NW of Abergavenny r.
station. It contains the parcels of Bysych and Graigwen ;
and its post-town is Crickhowell. Acres, 3,831. Real
property, £2,095. Pop., 280. Houses, 62. Moor Park
is the chief residence. A walk hence, down the Gnvny,
to Llangenny church, traverses a deep dell, overshadowed
by hanging woods, and encounters a marvellous variety
of water, wood, and hill. Iron-ore is found. The living
is a rectory, united with the p. curacy of Partrishow, in
the diocesa of St. David's. Value, £235. Patron, the
Duke of Beaufort. The church is ancient but good; and
has a tower still more ancient. Charities, £28. Bishop
F. Godwin was rector.
LLANBEDR-DYFFRYN-CL^VyD, a parish in Ruthin
district, Denbigh; on the river Clwyd, under Moel-
Fammau mountain, 2 miles NE of Ruthin r. station. It
includes the townshijjs of Bodelgar, Llwynedd, Khi\via,
and Treganol; and its jiost-town is Ruthin, Denbigh-
shire. Acres, 2,900. Real property, £3,175. Pop.,
431. Houses, 99. The property is divided among a few.
Llanbeilr Hall and Berth are cliief residences, iloel-
Famniau mountain has an altitude of 1,845 feet; and
Moel-VeuUi camp is at an altitude of 1,722 feet. The
living is a rectory in the' diocese of St. Asaph. Value,
£415.* Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph. The church
wa.s built in 1863. Charities, £15.
LLANBEDR-GOCH, a parochial chapeliy in the dis-
trict and county of Anglesey; on the coast at Red Wharf
bay, 6i miles WNW of Beaumaris, and 6i NNWof Menai-
Brid'Te'r. station. Post-town, Beaumaris. Acres, 3,193;
of \vliich 250 are water. Real property, £1,460; of
which £16 are in quarries. Pop., 356. Houses, 84.
The property is dirided among four. A. small port is on
Picd WHiaif bay; and is connected by a tram railway 7
' miles long, with the neighbourhood of Llanerchymedd.
Marble and limestone are quarried. The living is a p.
curacy, annexed to the rectory of LlanJdyfnan in the
diocese of Bangor. The church was reported in 1859 as
veiy shabby.
LLANBEDROG, or Ll.\nb.vdrig, a parish in the dis-
trict of Pwllheli, Carnarvon; on the E coast of the Lloyn
peninsula, near St. Tudwall's bay, i\ miles SW of
Pwllheli, and 20.V SW of NantUe r. station. Post-town,
Pwllheli. Acres!^ 2,548; of which 387 are water. Real
property, £2,642. Pop., 469. Houses, 108. The pro-
perty is not much divided. 'Wern-VawT is a chief resi-
dence. Much of the land is rocky and waste. The liv-
ing is a rectory, united with the p. curacies of Llau-
fihanfcl - Bachelleth and Llangian, in the diocese of
Bangor. Value, £335.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor.
The church is dedicated to St. Petroc, and was recently
in disrepair.
LLANBEDR-PAINSCASTLE, a village and a parisli
in the district of Hay and county of Radnor. The vil-
lage stands on the river Bachwy, a tributary of the Wye,
6i'miles NW by W of Hay r. sbition; is a small place;
was once a market-town; has still fairs on 12 May, 22
Sept., and 15 Dec. ; and is a polling-place. — The parish
comprises 3,877 acres; and its post-town is Hay, under
Hereford. Real property, £2,164. Pop., 306. Houses,
60. A castle was founded here by the family of Do
Paine; passed to the Mortimers and others; and is now
represented by only the vestiges of its moat. There is a
lake of about a mile in circuit. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £68. Patron, tho
Bishop of St. David's.
LLANBEDR-VELFRY. See LAjrPETER-VF.LFP.y.
LLANBEDR-Y-CENNIN, a township and a parish in
Conway district, Carnarvon. Tho tovmship lies on the
river Conwav, and on the Conway and Llanrwst railway,
at Tal-y-Cafn r. station, 4J miles S of Conway ; includeis
the hamlets of Tal-y-Cafn and Aidda; and has a fair on 'i
Oct. Pop., 355. Houses, 70. The parish contains
also the township of Dolg;irrog ; and its jiost-town is
Llanrwst, Denbighshire. Acres, 4,905. Real proj.erty,
£2,335. Pop., 489. Houses, 103. The property is
divided among a few. JLany of the inhabitants are cm-
ployed in mines. An ancient British camp is at Feu-y-
Gaer. The living is a rectory, united with tlirt vicarage
of Caerhun, in the diocese of Bangor, Value, £289.*
Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The church is goml; and
there are charities £44.
LLANBERIS, a village and a parish in tho district
and county of Carnarvon. The village itands on the-
river Seiont, in the heart of Snowdonia, IC miles ESE of
Carnarvon r. station; occupies a romantic site at the en-
trance of a long gorge up to Snowdon; is overhung all
round by mountains; contains several neat lodging-
houses, for the- use of tourists or temporary residents in
Snowdonia; is the easiest, most aa-essible, and most
frequented starting point for the ascent of Snowdon; fur-
nishes guides and ponies for making the ascent; and has
a post-officej under Carnarvon, and fairs on 23 June and
18 Sept. The parish is ti-aversed throughout by tho
route from Carnarvon to Snowdon; and contains Dol-
badarn inn and castle, the Victoria hotel, the Llyn-Pa-
darn and Llyn-Peris lakes, the Dinorwig and Glyn-
Ehonwy slate quarries, the Llanberis pass, the Cannaut
w.iterfall, tho Gorpliwvsfa public liouse, the Glyder-
Vawr, Llyder - Vawr, "Moel-Eilio, and Carnedd-Igyn
mountains, respectively 3,300, 3,000, 2,377, and 2,975
feet hi"h, together with other .summits, and with part of
Snowdon. Acres, 10,431. Real property, £14,319; of
which £12,793 are in quan-ies. Pop. in 1821, 472; in
1841, 1,024; in 1S61, 1,364. Houses, 275. Tho increase
of jjop. arose from the pro.grcss of slate quarries and lead
mines. The property is divided among a few. The slato
quarries of Glvn belong to Lord Newborough; and those
of Dinorwig belong to the heirs of Assheton Smith, Escj.
Brj-n-Bras Castle is a principal residence. Llyn-Padam
is about Ih mile long, but is conoparatively iian'ow.
Llyn-Pcris "is separated from I,lyn-Padarii_ by Oidy a
short neck of land, and communicates with it by a
stream; is coiLsiderahly smaller, but much more pictur-
esque; and is engirt, from its very brink, by grind spura
of tho Glyders and Moel-Eilio. 'The lakes are very deep,
anil were formerly famous for char and other fish; but
they havB been severely damaged by refuse from the slate
LL.VNDETHERY.
sri
LLANBRYNMAIR.
onarries and the minoi, and by poachin,:; on tlie part of
the luarrymeii. Dolbadarn Castle li;i5 already been no-
ticed in its OT\n alphabetical place. Dinorwig slate quar-
ries are the most extensive in Wales, excepting those of
Pearhyn; have been worked to the depth of 3U0 perpen-
dicular feet; jiroduee, ou the average, about l,2UO,Ono
tons of slates a-year; are worked by means of powerful
sto-am and water-mills, about 23 miles aggregately of
train-ways, and a large number of long inclines; and have
co7iuexion, b}- a railway 9 miles long, with Fort-Dinor-
wig on the Menai strait. The rocks aroimd the quar-
ries, and in the adjacent clilfs, exliibit remarkable Jlex-
ures of the Cambrian formation. " Containing the best
roonng slates in the world, and subordinate courses of
grit, with rocks of igneous origin intennixed, they are
seen to fold over and plunge to tlie ESE, so as to pass
under the great and massive succession of schists which
constitute the distant heights of the Snowdon range."
The cliffs, in many parts of the Seiont's glen, also exhibit
distant indications of glacier action. " The rocks, when
imweathered, are round and mammillated, and their
smwth surface sometimes grooved, the striations running
KVr in the direction of the valley." The Llanberis pas.s,
upward from the village, exhibits more wild grandeur
than almost any other gorge or glen in Great Britain; is
traversed, for nearly 4 mUes, by a road overhung, on each
side, by precipices and cliffs of mountainous altitude,
sometimes 2,000 feet high, and cro^vned with peaks; and
is strewn, over slopes and bottom, with the debris of
shattered slate, fallen, from the precipitous crags above.
At Pont-y-Cromlech, IJ mOe from the village, is a large
Hock of fallen stone, misnamed a cromlech, and for-
merly called Ynys-Hettws, from the fact of an old wo-
Toaa,' called Hetty, having lived amid its angles; and
liere "boj-ses of felspathicporphyrA'rise like little hills in
themid'He of the valley, sometimes like miniatures of that
behind the Gransel ; " and opposite this a deep ravine,
called Cwm-Glas, strikes off into the very core of Snowdon,
and terminates there at the precipices of Crib-y-Ddysgyl.
Professor Eamsay pronounces this ravine the wildest in
"Wales, "bounded on three sides by tall cliffs and moun-
tain peaks, in the mitlst of which lie two little deep
clear tarns, 2,200 feet above the sea, each in a perfect
l>asin of rock, resembling on a small scale the Todten
See and the lake behind the hotel of the Grimsel." Nu-
merous reaches of romantic scenery, besides that of Llan-
beris pass, njay be explored from the village. — The liv-
ing is a rectoiy iti the diocese of Bangor. Value, £182.
Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. Tiio church is one of
the most picture.sque and interesting buildings in Car-
narvonshire; has a remarkable timber roof of the loth
century, resembling a ship with the keel uppermost;
and was recently well restored. The Queen, when
Princess Victoria, visited Llanberis in 1832.
LLANBETHERY, a hamlet in Llancarvan parish,
Glamorgan ; 3| miles SE of Cow bridge.
LLANBEULAN, a parish in the district and county
of Anglesey; 2 miles NNE of Bodorgan i: station, and 6
W of Llangefni. Post-town, Holyhead. Acres, 2,943.
Real property, £2,590. Pop., 315. Houses, 48. The
pro:>€rty is dinded among eight. A cromlech, called
Artliur's quoit, was here, but has been destroyed. Tlie
living is a rectory, united with the chapelries of IJan-
raelog, Ceirchiog, and Llechylched, in the diocese of
Bangor. A'alue, £900.* Pation, the Bishop of Bangor.
The church is ancient but good; occupies the site of one
founded in 030 ; and is dedicated to St. Peulan. The p.
cnrncy of Tal-y-Llyn is a separate henetice.
LLAXBISTER, a village, a parish, and a sub-ilistrict,
in Knighton district, Radnor. The village stands on
the river Ithon, S miles NK by N of Rhayader r. station,
and lOi W of Knighton; and is neatly built. The par-
ish is diviiled into L. -Lower and L.-Fpiier; and include-s
the townships of Broidlis-Caroge, Church, Cwmlcchwedd,
and Cwnigaist. Post-town, Penybont, Radnorshire.
Acre.s, 14,837. Reiil property, £1,530. Pop., 1,045.
Hcu.ses, ISl. Tlie property is much subdivided. Llyn-
■went is a man.sion of the time of Elizabeth, mtich altcnd.
TLtrj are several mineral springs. The livijig is a vi-
carage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £160.*
Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The cliiucii was re-
cently repaired. There arc chapils for l':iptists and
Weskyans, an endowed school, and charities £8. — The
sub-district contains also six other parishes, and part of
another. Pop., 4,370. Houses, 733.
LLANBLAEXYNIS, a handet in Llangathen parish,
Carmarthen ; 3^ miles W of Llandi'o-fawr.
LLANBLETHIAN, or Llanisleiddian, a parish in
Bridgend district, Glamorgan; on the river Thaw, 1 uiUe
SSW of Cowbridge town and r. station. It contains the
hamlets of Abertliiu and Treingliill; and its post-town
is Cowbridge. Acres, 3,148. Real property, £5,552.
Pop., 753. Houses, 174. The central part, ai-ouud the
church, is beautifully situated, and overlooks the town
and vale of Cowbriilge. St. Quintin's Castle existed
at the partition of Glamorganshire; was then given to
the family of St. Quintin; passed to Lord Windsor, and
latterly to the Hun\iLles ; comprises now picturesque
ruins, including the principal gate-way, with lofty ivy-
bound towers. iLarlborough Grange, Llaublethian House,
Crossways Lodge, and Newton House are chief resi-
dences. Limestone is found. The living is a vicarage,
united with the chapelries of Cowbridge and Welsh-St.
Donatts, in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £279.
Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Gloucester. The
church is ancient, and contains some very old monu-
ments. There are an Independent chapel, and charities
about £50.
LLANBOIDY, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in the district of Narberth and county of Carmarthen.
The viUage stands on an affluent of the river Taff, 5 miles
NNE of 'VVhitland r. station, and 9 NE of Narberth; and
has a post-office, under St. Clears, and a fair on 18 Sept.
The parish is traversed by the Julian-way; is divideil
into L. -Lower and L. -Upper; and contains the hamlet of
Rigwm, and the village of Whitland. Acres, 10,666.
Rated property, £5,045. Pop., 1,744. Houses, 373.
The property is much subdivided. JIaes Gwyuiio is the
seat of the Powell family. Iron is found, but is not
much worked. Roman silver coins were fomid, in the
time of Camden, at CilymaenUwyd camp. A Druidical
circle, 60 feet in diameter, a cromlech, and a barrow, are
at Dol Wilym. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of St. David'.s. Value, £136. Patron, the Bishop of St.
David's. The church is ancient; anil was reported, iu
1859, as not good. The p. curacy of St. David is a se-
parate benefice. Value, £66. Patron, F. Bladworth,
Esq. The church is very good.— The sub-district con-
tains also another parish and parts of two others in Car-
marthenshire, one iu Pembrokeshire, and one partly in
Carmarthen and partly in Pembroke. Acres, 26,655.
Pop., 3,635. Houses, 796.
LLANBORTH, a seat near Penbryn, in Cardigan.
It belonged to the Lloyds, and passed to the Davieses.
LLANFiRYNiMAlR", a village and a parish in Mach-
ynlleth district, Montgomeiy. The village stands on an
uflluont of the river l)yi\, 1^ mUe S by W of the Wynn-
stay Arms inn and the Newtown and Machynlleth rail-
way, and 10 E of Machjmlleth; and has a station ou
the railway, a head post-office,? designated Llanbrj'u-
mair, Montgomeryshire, and fairs on the last Monday of
March, 31 -May, 16 Sept., and 5 Nov. The parish in-
cludes the townships of Dolgailfan, Pennant, Rhiewsai-
soii, Tirymynach, and Trefolwern. Acres, 19,006. Rated
property, £5,674. Pop., 2,061. Houses, 388. The
j)roperty is not much divided, and belongs cliiefly to the
•Jonroys and the Wj-nns. Trefolwern Castle, the resi-
dence of the Welsh Prince Owaiu Cyfeiliog, is now in
ruin. The Wynnstay Arms inn, with the Llaubryn-
inair r. station, is a good resort for anglers and artists,
and a good centre for visiting some grand pieces of
scenery. One very rich scene is a series of waterfalls
at the head of the Twj-myn rivulet; the uppermost of
which, called Ffrwd-lawr, makes a perpendicular de-
scent of 130 feet. Several lead-mines are within tha
parish, among bleak hills to the NK of tlio Plinlira-
iin range. Druidieal circles, 27, 72, and 81 feet in diame-
ter, are at Newydi-Mynyddog. The living is a rectory
LLANCADWALLADR.
34
LLANDAIF.
in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £333.* Patron, the
Bishop of Llandatt". The church is substantial, anl is
dedicated to St. Mary. The name Llaubryumair is a
compound of three words, signifying "church," "lull,"
and "Mar)'." There are two endowed schools, with
£18 and £36 a-vear.
LLANCADWALLADR, a parish in the district of
Llanfyllin and county of Denbigh; on the river Ceiriog,
near the boundary with Salop, 7 miles N by W of Os-
westry r. station. Post-town, Oswestry. Acres, 2,792.
Real property, not separately returned. Pop., 223.
Houses, 41. The surface is hilly and mountainous.
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St. Aisaph.
Value, £55. Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph.
LLANCAIACH, a railway -station on the E border of
Glamorgan; on the Taff Vale extension railway, 2^ miles
E of Quaker's Yard Junction, and nearly midway thence
to the Rhymney Junction. It stands on a bleak moun-
tain, amid collieries. The coal-field here is traversed by
many extensive faults, — one of which runs about 100
yards south-eastward; and the same coal which is worked
by level at Tophill colliery, requii-es to be worked by a
deep pit, at Llancaiach colliery, which is only a few
hundred yards distant from the former.
LLAj^CARVAN, a hamlet and a parish in Cardiff
district, Glamorgan. The hamlet lies 3 miles from the
coast, and 44 SE of Cowbridge r. station. The parish
contains also the hamlets of Llancastle, Llanbethery,
Liegecastle, Slolton, Pennon, and Walterstone ; and its
post-town is Cowbridge. Acres, 4, 500. Real property,
£5,463. Pop., 668. Houses, 127. The property is
much subdivided. The manor belonged to the Sitsyllts,
and passed to Walter de Mapes, who founded Walter-
stone. The surface is part of the tract called the Vale of
Glamorgan. Limestone is found; and there is a mineral
spring. A monastic establishment was founded here in
the 6th centuiy, by Cadoc the Wise, and was called
Carbani Vallis. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of Llandaff. Value, £254. » Patron, the Bishop of
Llandaff. The church is of the 12th century; was buUt
by De Mapes, the translator of the British Chronicle ;
and was reported in 1839 as very dilapidated. Caradoc,
the Welsh historian, whose Annals were published in
1684 by Dr. Powel, was a native.
LLANCASTLE, a hamlet in Llancarvan parish, Gla-
morgan.
LLANCILLO, a parish in the district and county of
Hereford ; on the river Jlonnow, and on the Hereford and
Abergavenny radway, at the boundary with ilonmouth,
21 miles SW of PontrOas r. station, and 4 SSW of
Abbeydore. Post-town, Abbeydore, under Hereford.
Acres, 1,085. Real property, £900. Pop., 74. Houses,
13. The property is subdivided. IJanciUo Hall is the
seat of the Price family. The living is a p. curacj', an-
nexed to the p. curacy of Rowlstone, in the diocese of
Hereford. The church is old, plain, and good.
LLANCIWG. See Llanguick. .
LLAXCYXFELIN, or Llangy.va'Elin, a parish in
Aberj-stwith district, Cardigan; on the river Dyfi near
its mouth, and on the Aberystwith and Welsh coast
railway, near Ynys-Las r. station, 7 miles XN'E of Aber-
ystwith. It contains the village of Tre-Talyasin; and
its post-town is Aberystwith. Acre.s, 6,556; of which
1,535 are water. Real property, £2,432. Pop., 967.
Houses, 216. The property is subdivided- Traces exist
of Wyddno Castle, which belonged to Gwyddno Gwranhir,
who was said to have lost a large tract of land here by
inundarion of the sea. Tre-Taly.isin is believed to have
been the burial-place of a famous bard ; and a cairn at it,
on rising-ground, is about 135 feet in circuit, and has
in its centre the cistraen or grave. Coal, limestone,
marble, iron ore, and lead ore are worked. The living
is a p. curacy in the diocese of St. Davids. Value, £90.
Patron, J. P. 13. Chichester, Esq. The church is plain
but good; i.s believed to occupy the site of one built in
the Gth century ; and is dedicated to St. Cynfclin.
LLANCYStENY.N. See Ll.vngwstenm.s.
LLANDAFF, a citj' and a parish in Cardilf district,
Glamorganshire; and a diocese in Glamorganshire and
Monmouthshire. The city stands on the river Taif, and
near the Glamorganshire and Cardill' canal, adjacent to the
Taff Vale railway, and near the South Wales railway, 2|
miles NW of Cardiff. Its name signifies " the meeting-
place or church on the Taff." Its history is mainly eccle-
siastical, or is the history rather of the bishopric and the
cathedral than of the city. Its situation is very beauti-
ful, on the upper part of a declivity wliich is feathered
with some fine sheltering trees, and which slopes rapiilly
to a nleado^vy reach of tlie river. The town, though
technically a city, as the seat of a bishopric, is practi-
cally, as to both size and government, a mere village.
It contains only about 1,000 inhabitants; presents a
plain a;nd straggling appearance ; and contains few re-
mains of antiquity, and few genteel or respectable
houses. Yet it recently underwent a sort of reWval, or
at least a strong stimulus to improvemeut; and buildin"-
sites in it are now sold at a high price. The catlie-
dral is, of com-se, its main feature; aud this will be no-
ticed in the next paragraph. The episcopal palace is a
mansion, formerly the seat of the JIatthews family, and
called Llandaff Court, but now renovated, and called
Bishops' Court. Ruins of the ancient episcopal palace,
said to have been destroyed by Owen Glendower, stUl
exist; and the gate-way is stiU toleiubly perfect, is cas-
teUated and of the 13th century, is flanked by two sijuare
towers, with their angles chamfered off, and forms the
entrance to the garden of the present episcopal palace.
Residences for the dean, the canons residentiar)', and the
minor canons, were formerly a-wanting, but we^e recently
erected. Two registry-offices, for respectively civil and
ecclesiastical purposes, also were recently built, and are
highly ornamental. Spacious and beautiful schools, for
30 orphan girls, and for 30 hoarders and day scholars,
on a plot of about 4 acre.*, in a commanding situation
on tliB Cardiff road, overlooking the hills of Caerpliilly,
were erected in IStiO, at a cost of £20,000, from the
funds of the Howell charity. New and convenient
national schools also were lately buUt An ancient ;>tone
cross, on a pedestal of four steps, is in the town, and has
been repaired; and there are vestiges of several buildings
of the decorated and later English periods.
The cathedral is dedicated to St. Peter and St.
Paul. It succeeded a church, 28 feet long, 1 8 feet wide,
and 20 feet high, which was destroyed at the Conquest ;
and it was commenced, in 1120, by Bishop Urban, but
not completed till 1296. It had no dean for several
centuries, till the time of the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners ; and, though it underwent some reconstruction
in the 14th century, and perhaps may have undergone
some subsequent repairs, it suffered very great neglect,
and passed slowly but steadUy into a state of decay. It
appears to have been considerably dilapidated at the
commencement of the 18th century; and it was almost
destroyed by a storm in 1703. A proposal was made in
1717 to abandon it, and to erect a new cathedral, in lieu
of it, at Cardiff ; but that proposal went into abeyance
by the collecting of a sum of £7,000, in 1730, to restore
the old building. The work of restoration was effected
" under the agency of one Wood ;" and wa.s done in so
debasing a manner, especially by the erection of an
Italian doorway and fa9ade diWding the nave, as to
render the stracture "absolutely hideous." But a new
restoration was begun, in 1839, mainly through the
exertions of Dean Knight, under the direction of the
architects Pritchard and Seddou; was continued by suc-
cessively Dean C'onybeare and Dean Williams till the
end of 1866; had then cost upwards of £20,000; h.ad re-
moved the interloping wall in the nave, repair.-d tlie W
front, re-roofed the A\'' bav,>, rebuilt the side-aisles and
tlie clerestorj', restored the chapter-house, made other
changes in the wmIIs, and highly improved and adorned
the interior; and was designed to go on to the cSecting of
much other work, particularly the rebuilding of the SW
tower. The edifice is oblong: lias an. uninterrupted imc of
roof; comprises nave, choir, and presbyter)-, with aisles and
a Lady chapel; and looks exac tly like a large parochial
church, plain, flat, and heavy. The nave is 114 feet
long, 7'J wide, and 65 high; the choir aud presbytery are
LLANDAFF.
85
LLANDArF.
82 feet lon^ and 65 wide; the Lady chapel is 54 feat
Ion;;, 25 \nae, and 3t3 high; the chapter-house is 23 feet
lon^, 21 wide, and S high; and the entire structure is
245 feet long. The nave is early Enjjlish, of six bays,
>nth aisles, and has no triforii-.m. The \Y front has a
round double-headed door, and a large central light; and
is composed of a tisteful but unpretending gable, be-
tween a tovrer on the N and the fragment of another
tower on the S. The N tower is later English, of thiee
stories, and 105 feet high; and the S tower is early English,
bold and meagre, and was 39 feet high. The choir and
the presb\-tery are each of two bays, and each with
aisles ; and the former has sedilia, with rich mosaic
panels and four shafts, alternately red and green, erected
in 1S44. The presb3rtery is djrided from the Lady
chapel hy a wide Norman chancel arch. The Lady
chapel was rebuilt in 1296—1323; and the windows of
it, which are of transitional character, with early geo-
metrical tracery, were restored in 1844 at a cost of
£1,275. The principal monuments are a cadaver of
Bishop Bromfield, a cadaver said to be that of a lady
who died for love, and eflSgies of St. Dnbricius, St Teilo,
Bishop de Braose, John de Monmouth, Paschal, Sir
Christopher llatthew, David Matthew, and Lady
Audley.
The city has a post-office^:, under Cardiff, and a sta-
tion on the Taff Vale railway; is near the Ely station of
the South Wales railway; and is a seat of petty sessions.
A market was formerly held, but has fallen into disuse.
Fairs are held on 9 Feb., Whit-Monday and Whit-
Tuesday, the first Monday of Sept., and the first Mon-
day of December. A considerable trade is carried on in
vegetables, for the supply of neighbouring towns ; and
some trafSo is conducted northward to iMerthyr-Tydvil,
both by the Taff Yale railway, and by the Glamorgan-
shire canal — The parish contains also the hamlets of
Canton, Ely, Fairwater, and Gabalva. Acres, 4,352; of
which 465 are water. Real property of Llandaff-proper,
£5,539; of Canton, £12,637; of Ely, £1,160; of Fair-
water, £004; of Gabalva, £2,657. Pop. of the whole, in
1801, 860; in 1831, 1,299; in 1851, 1,821; in 1861,
6,535. Houses, 1,132. The increase of pop. was chiefly
in the vicinity of Cardiff, and arose from the extension
of dock, harbour, and railway -works, and of the coal and
iron-trades. The cathedral is also the parish church.
There are several dissenting chapels.
The bishopric claims, according to some writers, to be
the most ancient in Great Britain ; and appears, accord-
ing to less partial writers, to have been founded in the
early part of the fifth century. It never made any such
figure as some other ancient British bishoprics; and it
became utterly impoverished at and soon after the Re-
formation. One of its bishops, about that time, an-
nounced himself at the royal court as the Bishop of
"Aff," meaning thereby, in the quaint humour of the
age, to intimate that all his land had been taken away;
and, though some later bishops had considerable eccle-
fciastical wealth, they got it through plurality of prefer-
ment. The first bishops were Dubricius and Teilo, who
were canonized after their death, and are still revered
throughout Wales. Among the other bishops have been
Cymcliauc, who was seized in his church by the Danes,
and was ransomed for £40 by the king; Kitchen, " who
lor ever spoiled the good meat of Llandaff;" Owen, who
(lied in his chair at the news of Laud's death; Beaw,
who fought in the cause of the king; Godwin, called the
industrious; Mai-sh, called the orthodox; Barrington
Van Mildert, and Copleston, called the munific'ent;
and Watson, who \va.s thirty years non-resident, and
who wrote the "Apology for the Bible." The
cathedral tst.iblisMment includ'^s the bishop, the dean,
the chancellor of tliu church, the precentor, four can-
ons - resiilentiary, five pii-beuildries, two archdeacons,
nml two minor canons. Th>j income of the bishop
now is £4,200; of tl\e dean, £700; of each of the
canons-residentiary, £350; of caoh of tlio minor canons,
£150. The diocese comprehends all Glamorganshire,
exrept the duanery of Cower, and all Monnionthshire;
and LS divided into the archdeaconries of Llandaff and
Monmouth. Atcs, 797,Sii4. Pop. in 1S61, 421,336.
Houses, 78,650.
The archdcaconrv of Llunduff comprises the deaneries
of Llaiidatr-Ui>per" SW, Llandaff-Upp.?r SE, Llandaff-
Upp(>r K, Llandatl'-Lowcr E, Llandall'-Jyowcr W, Gro-
nc.ith-Lowcr K, Groueath-Lowcr W, Groneath-Upper
E, and Groneath-Upper W. The deanery of Llandatf-
Uppt'r SW contains the rectories of St. Bride-super-Ely,
Jlichaelstone, St. Fogan, St. George, and Peterstone-
super-Ely; the viiMra'.;fS of Llandaff, Llantrisaint, Llan-
twitvairdro, Pemloylan, Pentyrch, and Eiidyr; and th»
p. curacies of Llanilltcrne, and Llautrisaint-St. John.
The deanery of Llandalf-Upper SE contains the rectories
of Cogan, Penarth, Llandough, Lavernock, and Leckwith;
the vicarages of Cardiff-St. John, Cardiff-St. Jlary,
Ruddry, Llanodarn, and Roath; and the p. curacies of
Caeran, Lisvane, Lknishen, and Whitchurch. The
deanery of Llandaff- Upper X contains the rectories of
Dowliiis, Celligaer, and McrthT^-Tyd\^l; the vicarages of
Aberdare, Eglwysilan, and Llanfabon; and the p. curacies
of Aberdare-St. Pagan, Aberdare-St. Jlargaret, Hirwaiu,,
Brithdir, CaerphiUy, GlyntafF, Llanwonno, Cs'fartha,
Pontyrhin, Pendarran, and Ystradyfodwg. The deanery^
of Llandaff- Lower E contains the rectories of St. Andrew,
Llanhaly, Llansannor, Llantrithyd, Michaelstone-le-Pit,.
Sully, aud Wenvoe; and the p. curacies of Welsh-St.
Donats and Ystradowen. The deanery of Llandaff- Lower
W contains the rectories of Barry, Cado.xton-by-Barry,
Merthyr-Dovan, St. Nicholas, and Porthkerry; the vicar-
ages of St. Hilary, Llancarvan, St Lythans, and Penmark;
and the p. curacy of Bonvilston. The deanery of Groneath-
Lower E contains the rectories of St. Athan, Eglwys-
brewis, Gileston, Llanmaes, Llanmihangel, Llandough-
near-Cowbridge, Llanduugh-near-Penarth, ami Fleming-
ston; and the vicarages of St. Donats, Colwinstone, Cow-
bridge, and Llanblethian. The deanery of Groneath-
Lower W contains the rectories of Coychurch, Coyty,
Llandow, Llangan, Llysworney, Llanilid, and Marcross;
the vicarages of St. Bride-M:ijor, Llantwit-Major, Llan-
ftynach, and St. Mary-Hill; tlie p. curacies of Wick,
Nolton, Pcterstone-super-Montem, Llanliaran, Merthyr-
MawT, and Monknash; and the donative of Ewenny.
The deanery of Groneath-Upper E contains the rectories
of Bettws and Newton-Nottage; the vicarages of St.
liride-Jlinor, Kenfigg, Laleston, Llangeinor, Llangynwyd,.
Newcastle, and Pyle; and the p. curacies of Baidan,
Llandyfudwg, Maesteg, Margam, and Tythegston. The
deanery of Groneath-Upper W contains the rectory of
Lantwit-Ju-xta-Neath; the vicarages of Aberavon, Baglan,
Cadoxton, Killybebill, Jlichaelstone - super- Avon, and
Neath; and the p. curacies of Briton-Ferry, Aberperg^vm,
Crynant, Skewen, Glyncorrwg, aud Blaengwrach.
Thearchdeaconry of Monmouth conipri.ses the deaneries
of Abergavenny SW, Abergavenny NW, Abergavenny E,
Abergavenny-Blaenan-Gwent, Netherwent W, Nether-
went-Middle, Netherwent E, Newport, Usk W, and Usk
E. The deanery of Abergavenny SW contains the rec-
tories of Bryngwyn, Goytrey, Llangattock - nigh - Usk,
IJansaintfraed, Llanvair-KLlgidin,and Llanvihangol-nigh-
Usk; the vicarages of Llanarth, Llanellan, and Llanover;
and the p. curacies of Abersychan, Keraeys-Commander,
Bettws -Newydd, Clytha, Mamhilad, Pontnewynydd,
Trevethin, Pontypool, and Trostrey. The de;vnery of
Alicrg;ivenny NW contiins the rectories of Llanthewy-
Skirrid, Llanfoist, Llangattock-Llingoed, Llanvapley,
Llanvetherine, and Llanwenarth; the vicarages of .-Vber-
gavenny, Llanthewy-Hytherch, Llantillio-Pertholey, and
Llanvihangel-Crucomey; and the p. curacies of Aber-
gavenny-Trinity, Blaenav(m, Capcl- Newydd, Bettws,
Cwmyoy, Llanthony, Citra, LlanwenartU-Ultrn, andOid-
ta.stle. The deanery of Abergavenny K contains the rec-
tories of Grosmont, lilangua, and Llinvihingcl-Ystern-
Llewern; the vicarages of Dingestow, Trcg.uv, Dixton-
Newtou, Llangatlock-Vibou-Abel, St. Man'ghai\s, Llan-
tillio-Orn^senny, Monmouth, Pcnrh^s, Uockfield, Skcn-
Irith, and Wonastow; and the p. curacies of ld:iufaenor,
Llanvair, and Ovcrmonnnw. Tlie de.inc-ry of Aber-
gavcnny-niaemn-Gwent contains I he rectory of Bedwa.s,
and the p. curacies of Abcrystruth, Abcrtillery, Beau-
LLANDAIN-FACH.
86
LLANDDEINOL.
fort, Nantvglo, Bedwelty, Cwmgelli, M}Tiyil(lysl\vyn,
Abercarne, Penmaon, Llanhilkth, Rhymney, TieJegav,
and Ebbw-Vale. The de;mery of Nuthcrwent W con-
tains the rectories of Kemeys-Imperior, Llanmartin, vVil-
crick, Llan<'stone, Llanwern, and Widson; the vicarages
of Caerleon, Christchurch, Goldcliff, and Nash; and the
p. curacies of Bishopstone, Llanhennock, Llandcvaud,
Llanvrechva, and Cumbrane. The deanery of Nether-
\v-ent-Middle contains the rectories of Nethenveut-St.
Bride LlanvihauTol-Rorrgiett, Pcnhow, Portskewett, St.
Pierre, Sudbrook, Eogglett, and Ifton; the vicarages of
Caerwent, Caldicott, Redwick, and Undy; and the p.
curacy of Llanvair-Discoed. The deanery of Nethenvent
E contains the rectories of Itton and Tintern-Parva; the
vicarages of Chepstow, Matherne, Newchurch, and Shire-
Newton; and the p. curacies of St. Aryans, Chapel-Hill,
Whitebrook, Mounton, Devauden, and Ponterry. The
deanery of Ne^Tpo^t contains the rectories of llachen and
Michaelstone-y-Vedw; the vicarages of Bassaleg, Marsh-
field, St. Mellons, Newport-St. WooUos, and Rhymney;
and the p. curacies of St. Bride-Wcntllooge, Coedkernew,
Henllis, Upper Machen, Malpas, Newport-St. Paul,
PUg\^-enlly, Bettws, Peterstone-WentUooge, and Risca.
The deanery of Usk W contains the rectories of Gwernes-
ney, Llandegveth, Llangibby, Llanllowell, andPantcague;
the vicarages of Llangwm, Llantiissent, and Usk; and the
p. curacies of Llanbaddock,Llanddewi-Vach, Llangeview-
Pertholley, Llanvihangel - Llantarnam, Llanvihangel,
Pont-y-^Moile, Slonkswood, and Glascoed. The deanery
of Usk E contains the rectories of Llausoy, Llanvihangel-
Tor-y-Mynydd, ilitcbel-Troy, Cumoarvan, and "Wolves-
Newton; the vicarages of Llandenny, Ragland, Trelleck,
and Peualt; and the p. curacies of Kilg\vrrvvg, Llangoven,
Pen-y-Clawdii, Llanishen, and Trelleck-Grange.
LLANDAIN-FACH, a village in Nantcwulle paiish,
Cardigan; 7i miles N of Lampeter.
LLANDANWG, a parish in Festiniog district, Meri-
oneth; on the coast, at the mouth of the river Artro, and
on the Barmouth and Carnarvon railway, 2 miles S of
Harlech. It contains Harlech, which has a post-office
under Carnarvon, and which adjoins the Barmouth and
Carnarvon raQway which was in course of formation in
1866. Acres, 4,964; of which 1,354 are wat^r. Real
property, £2,255. Pop., 739. Houses, 175. The pro-
perty is subdivided. The surface is, for the most part,
hilly, wild, and barren. The living is a rectory, united
with the p. curacy of Llanbedr, in the diocese of Bangor.
Value, £194. Patron, the Bishop of Llandaff. The
church is dedicated to St. Tanwg; stands close_ to the
shore; Ls early English, with some interesting interior
features; and was recently in a ruinous condition, but could
be restored at small cost. There is an endowed school,
with £13 a-year.
LLANDAWKE, a parish in the district and county of
Carmarthen; near the mouth of the river Taff, lA mile
\V by N of Laughame, and 44 S of St. Clears r. station.
Post-town, Laugharne, under St. Clears. Acres, 613.
Real property, £549. Pop., 38. Houses, 6. The pro-
perty is all ill one estate. The living is a rectory, united
with the rectory of Pendine, in tUe diocese of St Da\id's.
Value, not reported. Patron, ^V. Powell, Esq. The
church was reported in 1859 as bad.
LLANDDANI EL-FAB, a parish in the district of
Bangor and county of Anglesey; on the Chester and
Holyhead railway, near Menai strait, 2;j miles WSW of
Menai-Bridge r. station, and 7 SW of Beaumaris. Post-
town, Llangefni, Anglesey. Acres, 1,679. Real pro-
perty, £1,814. Pop., 442. Houses, 97. The property
is divided among a few. There are several Druidical
stones. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the vicar-
age of Llaiiidan, in the diocese of Bangor. The cluirch
is ancient but good, and occupies the site of one which
was buUt in 616. Rem.ains of an ancient chapel, called
Capel-Cadwaladr, stand in au entrenchment 130 feet by
80. Charities, £10.
LLANDDAROG, a parish in the district and county
of Carmarthen; on the river Gwendraeth-Fawr, 6i miles
ESE of Carmarthen r. station. It cont;iins the hamlets
of Cillay, Cynnillfawr, Lhvynswch, Gellydy, and Trc-
garn ; and it has fairs on the Monday after 20 May an'i
on 27 Sept. Post-town, Carmarthen. Acres, 4,501. Rated
property, £3,320. Pop., 970. Houses, 212. The pro-
perty is divi.lod among a few. Llctherllestry is a chief
residence. Coal and limestone are worked. The livinj}
is a p. curacy in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £81.
Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Twrog, and is good. There are two Calvin-
istic Methodist chr.pels, and traces of two ancient chapels.
LL.INDDAUSAINT, or Llandeusavf, a village, a
parish, and a sub-district, in the district and county of
Anglesey. The village stands on the river Alio, 5i miles
W by N of Llanerchymedd r. station; and has fairs on
Easter Tuesday and 3 Nov. The parish contains also
the villaf^ft of Treffynon ; and its post-to^vn is G windy, un-
der Llangefni, Anglesey. Acres, 2,011. Real property,
£2,153. Pop., 565. Houses, 133. The property is
much subdivided. The living is a rectory, united with
the p. curacies of Llanbabo and Llauvair-Ynghornwy, in
the diocese of Bangor. Value, £615. Patron, the
Bishop of Bangor, the church is early English, in good
condition ; and is dedicated to St. Marcell and Blarcellus.
The name Llanddausaint signifies "the church of two
saints." The sub-district contains also eleven other
parishes and two extra-parochial tracts. Acres, 27,758.
Pop., 5,388. Houses, 1,157.
LLANDD.\US.\INT, or Llanthoysaist, a parish,
which is also a sub-district, in Llandoverj' district, Car-
marthen ; on the rivers Usk and Sawthe, near their source,
imder the Black mountains at the boundary with Brecon,
6 miles SE by E of Llangadock r. station. It contains
the hamlets of Blaensawthe, Gwidre, Maesfynnon, and
Quatre-Mawr; and has a fair on 10 Oct. Post-town,
Llangadock, under Carmarthen. Acres, 10,307. Real
propei-t}-, £3,611. Pop., 848. Houses, 163. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. Ban-Sir-Gaer mountain
here has an altitude of 2,596 feet; and much of the rest
of the surface is hilly. A lake is here ?.t the source of
the river S.awthe. The living is a vicarage, annexed to
the vicarage of Llangadock, in the diocese of St. David's.
The church is good, and is dedicated to Sts. Simon and
Jude. There is a Calvinistic Methodist chapel.
LLANDDEINIOLEN, a parish in the district and
county of Carnarvon; including the upper part cf the vale
of the Cegid and some of the N spurs of Snowdon, 4 J Tuiles
NE of Carnarvon r. station. It contains the vill;iges of
Ebenezer, Penisarwain, and Clwt-y-Bont; and it has
three post-offices, of the names of Llanddeiniolen, Eben-
ezer, and Penisarwain, under Carnarvon. Acres, 9,024.
Real property, £30,875; of which £25,587 are in quarries.
Pop. in 1801, 1,039; in 1831, 2,610; in 1851, 4,894; in
1861,5,747. Houses, 1,236. 'The increase of pop. arose
from the extension of slate-quarrj-ing. The jiroperty is
not much divided. The Dinorwig slate quarries here,
and in the contiguous parish of Llanberis, belong to the
heirs of Assheton Smith, Esq., and em[>loy a large pro-
portion of the inhabitants. Vaenol and Bryntirion are
chief residences; and the former belongs to the heirs of
Mr. Smith. Llvs-Dinonvng was a palac* of Llewelyn ap
Gnifydd, the last king of North Wales, and is now a ruin.
Dinas-Dinorwig camp is one of the largest ancient forti-
fied posts in the county; is situated on an eminence, a
short distance SE of the church; and is of oval shape,
surrounded by two ditches, with a lofty interv-eniiig
bank. Nant-y-Garth X'oss is adjacent to Vaeuol; and
was traversed, in 1118 by Archbishop Baldwin and
Giraldus. Penllyn was the abode of Margaret Uch
Evan, called "the queen of the lakes," and noted as au
eminent hunter, fisher, wrestler, mechanic, and musi-
cian. The Ffynon-Ccgid-.Vithur well is at the head of
the Cegid river. There are a rockiiig-stone, a Druidical
circle and cyttiau, and vt-stiges of several .incient British
fortiGcations, and of a Roman road. The living is a
rectoiy in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £305.* Pa-
tron, the Lord ChaucoUor. 'I'lie church is good; and
near it are some yews 23 feet in girth. Tho p. curacy
of Llandinonvig is a separate benefice.
LLANDDEINOL, a parish in Aberysbvith district,
Cardigan ; on the coast, 6 miles S by E of Aberystwith
I.LANDDKRFEL.
87
LT,A^"DD^vY^r.
r. station. Post-town, Abei7stwitli. Acres, 2,077; of
■which iO are water. Kf:al property, £1,412. Pop., 2i~0.
Houses, 46. The property is diviilcd among a few. The
■pari-h was formerly ciUeJ. Ciiro;;. Tlie living is a p.
cuncy in the diocese of St. D.ivid's. Value, £61). Pa-
troc--, r.. Price, Esq. and Capt Vaughan. Tlie chnrch is
goo-i- and Contains an octagonal font.
LLANDDEEFICL, a township and a parish in Bala
district, Jlerioneth. T'he township lies on the river
Pee, ne;ir the liala and Corwen radway, which was in
course of formation- in 1S6&, 3^ miles ENE of Bala; -and
has a post-ofhoe under Corwen, and fairs on 17 Aug. and
16 Oct. The parish contains also the townships of Caer-
geliog, Crogen, Cynlas, Doldrewjm, Llaithgwm, Nant-
fraver, and Selwrn. Acres, 7,794. Piated property,
£3!S69. Pop., 948. Houses, 199. The property is di-
Tidcd among a few. The Dee here is overhung by the
Berwyn mountains, and is crossed by a bridge. The liv-
ing is a rectory in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value,
£200.* Patron, the Bishop of LlandatT. The church
is dedicated to St Dervel Gadarn; is good later English,
of the time of Henry Vlll. ; contains a remarkably
good screen; confciins also the reputed staff of its patron
.saint, and a curious recumbent wooden horse, called St.
Dc-rvel's horse; and once contained a huge wooden image
of the saint, which was sent for at the condemnation of
Dr. Forest in 1533, and placed under him as fuel when
lie was burned in Smithfield.
LLAXDDETTI. See LL-orxnETTY.
LLANDDEW. See Lulnthew.
LL.\XDDEWI. See Leaxddewt.
LLANDDEU'I-ABERARTH, a village and a parish
in Aberayron district Cardigan. The village stands on
the coast, at the mouth of the river Arth, 2 miles ^S'E
of Aberayron, and 13 2s'\V of Lampeter r. station; and
]l.^3 fair3 on 5 July and 11 Dec. The parish contains
also jiart of the town of Aberayron, which has a jwst-
office tmder Carmarthen. Acres, 3,595; of wliich 75 are
■water. Real property, £2,244. Pop. in 1S51, 1,2S4; in
1861, 1,463. "Houses, 353. The property is not much
dividecL Kerjains of a fortified camp, called CasteU-
Ca.lv>-gan, are near the shore. The Aberayron work-
tcuse is here; and, at the census of 1S61, h.ad 10 in-
mates. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, £310. Patron, the Bishop of St.
iMvid's. The church is dedicated to St. David, is an-
cient, and was recently rebuilt. The chapolry of St.
Alban is a separate charge, and is under the patronage
of the proprietors of Ty-Glyn estate. There is an en-
dowed school with .£7 a-ycar. See Abf.r.'^yiion'.
LLAXDDEWI-AIiERGW'ESSlN, a parish in Builth
■district, Brecon; at the influx of the river Gwessin to the
Irvon,14 miles W by N of Builth r. station. Post-town,
Llandovery, -onder Carmarthen. Acres, 10,511. Real
property, £552. Pop., 111. Houses, 20. The property
is divided among a few. The surface is mostly moun-
tainous, -wild, and waste. The living is a p. curacy, an-
l:?xed to the p. curacy of Llanfihangel-Abergwessiu, in
the diocese of St. David's The church is tolerable.
LLAXDDEWI-BREFI, a village and a parish in Tre-
garon district, Cardigan. The village stands on the N
.slope of Craig-Twrch, near the river Teifi, the Sarn-Hc-
len way, and the Lampeter, Tregaron, and Llanidloes
r.iilway, which was in course of formation in 1866, 3}
miles S by W of Tregaron; and has a post-ofllce under
Cannarthen. It is an ancient place, once important,
though now small; it was the scene of a .synod, in 519,
held for cliecking P'.-lagianism, ;'nd where ,St. Dubricius
Twigneil his episcopal or archiepiscopal charge to St.
David; it has remains of a collegiate establishment,
foucd'-d in 11S7 by Bishop Bee ; and it was, for a time,
. in-^ended to be the site of Dr. Burgess's college, aftcr-
■ward.< crectfd at Larap-^tir. The jiarish contains the
ch.ijielries of Garthely and Blaonpcnal, and the town-
ships of G-A-yn!il, Llanio^ Gogoyan, Garth and Ystrad,
P.-isk and Carfan, Gorwydd, Dothic-Camddwr, and Do-
thie-Pisoottsr. .^cic-s, 36,252. Real property, £6,487.
Pop., 2,574. Houses, 532. Foelall is a chief residence,
rhi.": Llanfair is a ruined mansion. Much of the land is
hill and mountain. A picturesque route, traversable
only by a pedestrian, goes from the village up the vale
of the Brenig. The Roman station Loventium, on the
Sam-Helen way, was at the site of Llanio farm-house;
three stones, with Roman inscriptions were found liere,
and one of them is used as a seat at the farm-door; coins-
pottery, and other Roman relics also have been found ,
and the foundations of an ancient building, called Cacr;
Castell, were discovered in a neighbouring field. A bat-
tle was fought in the parish in 1073, when the princes of
Powys vanquished Rhys ap Owen and Rhyddarch ap
Caradog. The living is a p. curacy, united v.-ith the p.
curacy of Llanhadarn-Odwyn, in the diocese of St. Da-
vid's. Value, £146. Patrons, the Eari of Lishume and
R. Price, Esq. The church is early Euglish, moder-
nized; was founded in 1187, by Bishop Bee; and con-
tains some old juoniunouts. A pdlar stone, 7 feet high,
called St. David's staff, also is here. The p. curacies of
Garthely and Blaenpenal are separate benefices. There
is an endowed school with £10 a-year.
LLANDDEWI-'R-CWM, a parish in BuQth district,
Brecon, on the river Dihouw, an affluent of the Wye, 2
miles S by W of Builth r. station. Post-town, Builth,
Breconshire. Acres, 3,101. Real property, £1,889.
Pop., 215. Houses, 40. The surface shows some plea-
sant scenery. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
St. David's. Value, £81. Patron, alternately R, Price,
Esq., and V. Pocock, Esq. Charities, £6.
LLANDDOGET, a parish in Llaurwst district, Den-
bigh; adjacent to the river Conway, the Ijlanrwst rail-
way, and the boundary with Carnarvon, 2 miles NNE of
Llanrwst. Post-tou-n, Llanrwst, Denbighshire. Acres,
758. RAted property, £1,252. Pop., 276. Houses,
62. The property is subdivided. The manor belonged
formerly to the "Bishops of St. Asaph. Belmont and
Phis JIadoc are chief residences. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £187."* Patron,
the Bishop of St. Asa[ih. The church is dedicated to St.
Donovan; contains monuments of the Kyffins and the
Wynnes; and is good.
LLANDDONA, a parish in the district of Bangor and
county of Anglesea; on Red Wharf bay, 3^ mik'S NW
of Beaumaris, and 7i NNE of Ikfenai-Brid^e r. station.
Post-town, Beaumaris. Acres, 2,337; of which 470 are
water. Real property, £1,644. Pop., 567. .Houses, 134.
The property is subdivided. Thchill called Arthur's Round
Table has traces of a Danish fort, and comman<ls a very
fine view. Another Danish fort is near the church; and
an ancient camp is at Dinas-Silwj'. Many of the inhab-
itants are employed in the herring lishery. The living
is a p. curacy in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £87.
Patron, Lord Boston. The church is dedicated to St
Dona; occupies the site of one built in 610; and was re-
cently in disrepair. There is a Calvinistic Methodist
chapel.
LLANDDULAS, a village and a parish in St. Asaph
district, Denbigh. The village stands on the coast, ad-
jacent to the Chester and Holyhead railway, at the spot
where Richard II. was beti-ayed by Percy to Boiling-
broke, 24 miles W by N of Abergele; is a pretty place;
and has a statiou on the railway, and a post-otBce under
Abergele. The parish comprises 606 acres of land, and
110 of water. Real property, £1,661; of which £17
are in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 575; in 1861, 619.
Houses, 139. The property is divided among a few.
Gwrch Castle, an imposing mansion, with extensive ciis-
tellatcd front, belonged to the late L. H. B. Hesketh,
Es([. ; and Brjiululas is the seat of J. D. Hesketh, Esq.
Limestone is found. The living is a rectory in the dio-
cese of St. Asaph. Value, £160.* Patron", the Bishop
of St. /Vsaph. The church contains a Norman arch, and
is good.
LLANDDIJL.VS, Brecor.^ See Llaxdulas.
LLANDDWYN, or Llanudw y^wen", a quondam
parish and an island in Xewborough pari.sh, Anglesey;
4i miles SSW of Bodorg.an r. station, and 8 W of Car-
narvon. "Ahnost the whole of the island," says Row-
lands, "has been overwhelmed with a masr- of ra'id, in-
somuch as the violent winds have blown from the opim-
LLANDDWY^VE.
8S
i,r.AXu;-:KEii-uu.
site coast of Aironia sand raised up by tho force of tem-
pests, and thrown upon this shore. " The adherents of
the Earl of Eichraond, with Dean KyfRn as a prominent
actor among them, carried on here their intrigues
against King Eichard. Carnarvon lighthouse stands on
LLinddwyn point, at the mouth of Maltraeth hay. An
oratory to St. Dwynwen stood on the island, and was
succeeded by a Benedictine monastery. The church was
cruciform, later English, and 70 feet long; butonlj the E
end and part of the side walls of the choir remain. The
living of the quondam parish was au early prebend iu
Bangor cathedral; and it still ranks as a p. curacy, an-
nexed to the vicarage of Llanidan.
LLANDDWYWE, a pr^rish ia Dolgelly districl. Me-
rioneth; on the coast, at the mouth of the rivulet
Ysgethin, and on the Barmouth and Carnarvon railway,
which was completed about the end of 1S66, 4i miles N
by W of Barmouth. It contains the small village of
Talybont, and comprises the townships of Ys-Craig and
Uwch-Craig; and its post-towTi is Barmouth, Slerioneth-
shire. Fairs are held at the village on 12 Hay, and 9 Nov.
Acres of the parish, 9,348; of which 340 are water. Real
property, £2,084. Pop., 368. Houses, 68. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. Corsygedol was the seat of
the vaughans, passed to Sir Roger Mostj-n, belongs now to
E. F. Coulson, Esq., and underwent restoration in 1S66-7;
and it stands on a lofty site, commanding a splendid view
over Cardigan bay, and has a gateway after a design by
Inigo Jones. A cromlech, called Coetan-Arthur or Ar-
thur's Quoit, lies near the lodge, and is fabled to hare
been throxvn by Arthur from the summit of Moelfre.
Part of the parochial surface is occupied by the Ardudwy
mountains and by the rugged ' Ardudwy ]>as3. Llyn
Irddin, a lake of noticeable size, lies on the \V slopes of
Llawlech. Remains of an ancient British town are on
the lake's W shore; and cairns, standing stones, Druidiciil
circles, and two ancient camps are in various parts of the
uplands. The living is a p. curacy, aune.xed to the rec-
tory of Llanenddwyn, in the diocese of Bangor. The
church is feirly English, in good condition; and contains
monuments of the Vaughans and the Mostyns. Char-
ities, £10.
LLANDDYFNAN', a parish, with a village, in the
district and county of Anglesey; near the river Cefni,
and down to Red Wharf bay, 2 miles Wof Pentraeth, 64
W by N of Beaumaris, and 6.J NNW of Menai-Bridge r.
station. Post - town, Pentraeth, under Slenai-Bridge,
Anglesey. Acres, 3,506; of which 25 are water, lieal
property, £2,664. Pop., 720. Houses, 168. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. Llanddyfnan Place is a
chief residence. Some common lands were enclosed be-
tween 1851 and 1861. Limestone abounds and is worked.
Traces exist of a Roman road; and a large maenhir is
near the church. The living is a rectory, united with
the p. curacy of Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf, in the dio-
cese of Baugor. Value, £280. Patron, the Bishop of
Bangor. The church is dedicated to St. Dyvuan, and
was rebuilt in 1847.
LLAKDEBIE, or Llakdybie, a village, a parish, and
a sub-district, in LlandUo-Fawr district, Carmarthen.
The village stands on the river Marlais, adjacent to the
Llan^ly and Vale of Towey lailway, under iljTiydd-Du,
5 miles S of Llandilo-Fawr; is a pretty place, contigu-
ous to an escarpment of dolomitic rock forming the X
bouud^y of the Carmarthen coal-field; and has a station
on the railway, a post-office under Carmarthen, and fairs
on Whit- Wednesday and the Wednesday after Christmas.
— The parisli contains also the liamlets of Der>ridd, Pis-
till, Garn, FercjufaivT, Clnitay, Blayne, Finds, and Tyr-
Rob.ser. Acres, 10,710. Rated property, £5,305. Pop.,
2,821. Houses, 591. The property is &uVJivid..-vL
GlyuhLr is the seat of W. Da Buisson, Esq.; aud in the
grounds around it is a cascade, of 30 feet iu lalL Denvidd
House was the seat of the Vaughan and Stepney familit-s;
and it contains some furniture of seemingly about the
time of Hemy VIII. Bluinan and Dytfrjii a.]so are chief
ro.-tidences. Coal and limestone are workeiL The coal-
measures here are very remarkably contorted; and the
limestone .it Tair-Carn-Isaf is rolled into view within the
E and W lines of the coal-field. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £130. * Patron,
the Bishop of St. David's. The church is dedicated to St.
Tybie; has a lofty embattled tower; is in good condition;
and contauif, a monument to Sir Hc-nrj- Vaughan, who
was in the army of Charles I. There are chapels for Imle-
pendents, Baptists, Welsh Methodu-ts, and "W'esleyans. —
Tlie sub-district contains also two other parishes and part
of another. Acres, 29,481. Pop., 6,314. Hoiises, 1,340.
LLANDECWi'N, a village and a parish in Festiuiog
district, Merioneth. The village .stands high on a moun-
tain side, about midway between the lakes Llyn-Tccwyn-
Isaf and Llyn-Tecwyn-lJwchaf, above the river Traeth-
Bach, near the Barmouth and Carnarvon i-ailway, 4^
miles NNE of Harlech r. station. — The parish goes down
to the river, and includes much mountain nnd many
lakes Post-town, Tan -y -Bwllch, ucd-r Carnarvon.
Acres, 6,915; of which ISO are water. Real property,
£1,5S6; of which £20 are in mines. Pop., 436. Houses,
91. The property is divided among a few. Maes-y-
Keuadd is a chief residence. Stone is quarried, and lead
ore is worked. The lakes abound with fish, but have
been much poached by the quarrymen. The scenery
aronnd the lakes is interesting. The living is a p. curacy,
annexed to the p. curacy of Llanfihangel-y-Traethau, iu
the diocese of Bangor. The church is early English, in
tolerable condition; and is dediiaited to St. Tecwyu,
Charities, £5.
LLAXDEFAILOG-FACH, a hamlet and a parish in
the district and county of Brecon. The haujlet lies on
the river Honddu, near the Sam-Helen way, 2i miles
KNW of Brecon town and r. station. Acres, 2,000.
Real property, £1,420. Pop., 222, Houses, 47.— The
parish contains also the chapelryof Llaalihangol-Fechan,
and comprises 4,211 arres. Post-town, Brecon. Real
property, £2,678. Pop., 400. Houses, 80. The pro-
perty of the hamlet, as also that of the chapelrv, is
divided among a few. Idaniefiilog House and Glau-
Honddu are chief resideuces. The land is hilly, but gen-
erally fertile. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
St. David's. Value, £368.* Patron, the Lord Chan-
cellor. The church, excepting the tower, was rebuilt in
1S31; underwent improvement in 1S57; contains monu-
ments to the Powells, the Watkinses, and others; and is
dedicated to St. Maelog. There is a pillar stone, 6 feet
high, to Rhain ap Brychan. The p. curacy of Llanfi-
hangel-Fechan is a separate benefice. Charities, £12.
LLANDEFAILOG-TRE-GRAIG, a parish in the dis-
trict and county of Brecon; on the river LlvTivi, an afflu-
ent of the Wye, adjacent to the Hereford and Brecon
railway, near Talyllyn Junction station, 5 niUes ENE of
Brecon. Post-town, Brecon. Acres, 540. Pop., 33.
Houses, 4. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the
rectory of Llanvillo, in the diocese of St. David's.
LLANDEF.\LLEY, a parish, with a village, in the
district and county of Brecon; near the Llanidloes,
Budtb, and Talyllyn railway, 5 miles NE of Brecon.
Post-town, Brecon. Acres, 8,509. Real property, £4,412.
Pop., 687. Houses, 142. — The parish is cut into two
divisions, N and S. Trebarried was a seat of the
Vaughans, and is now a farm-house. Trebris was a seat
of the Bois family, and is now a nin. There is a sul-
phureous spring; and there are traces of an ancient camp.
The living is a yicai-age, annexed to the vicarage of
Crickadam, in the diocese of St. David's. The church is
dedicated to St. Matthew; is early English, with timbered
roof and stained glass windows; iind contains effigies of
tv.o bishops. Charities, £i.
LLANDEFEILOG, or LL.\^-DTVEILOG, a village and
a parish in the district and connty of Carmarthen. Thn
village stands between the rivers Gwendraethfach and
Tu-.vy, near the South Wales railway, 3 miles NE of
i'erryside r. station, and 5i S of Carmarthen; and has a
post-office under Kidwelly. — The parish contains the
hamhts of Cilmarch, Isbcoed, Cloygin, Cydphvydd,
Iddole, Molfre, and Scybor-fawr; and the last includes
Idandefeilog village. Acres, 7,320. Rated propi-itv,
£5,263. Pop., 1,247. Houses, 240. The property 'is
much subdivided. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
LLANDEGAI.
89
LLANDEWYFACn.
oese of St. David's. Value, £63. Patron, MLss Bull.
LLANDEGAI, a village aud a parish in Bangor dis-
trict, irirr.arron. The vilLvje stands on the river Ug^ven,
adji;«-nt to tae CLt^ter and Holyhead railway, 1^ mile
II jy S of Bangor; takes its name from St. Tegais, who,
a'coi't the end of the oth century, came from Armorica,
;ind found-.il a church here; and consists of neat, well-
kept cottage, formed on a general design, and clustered
round the church, — The parish contains also the hamlets
of Co«<l-y-Park, Fort-Penrhyn, and Trer-Garth; and its
post-to-.<m is Bangor. Acres, 16,100; of which 623 are
Tvater. Real p.-opertv, £74,373; of which £70,000 are in
quarries. Pop. in ISOl, 1,250; in ISol, 3,398; in 1861,
3,3sl. Houses, 6 S9. The increase of pop., piior to 1S51,
arose frcni the progress of slate quarries. Nearly all the
property bdor.'ji to the Pennant family. Penrhyn Castle
and Penrhyn slite quarries are very prominent features,
but ^rill be" noticed in the article Penrhtk. The sur-
face is inoontainous, and includes Camedd-Davj'dd,
3,427 feet high, Carnedd- Llewelyn, 3,469 feet high, and
other masses and summits of Snowdonia. The rocks
possess all the interest of the most striking parts of the
Snowdonian region, particularly in their schists; and
they include copper, lead, zinc, manganese and iron ores,
chert, and many other useful or curious minerals. The
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Bangor. Value,
£114. Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The church is
cnicifor.-a, and of the time of Edward III. ; was restored
by GjL Pennant; stands on a rising ground, embosomed
in trees, and approached by a dense avenue of yews; and
contains a beautiful alabaster altar-tomb, said to have
been brought from Llanvaes priory, a mural monument
to A-r;hbisaop Williams, of the time of James I., and a
line monument, by Westmacott, to Lord and Lady Pen-
rhyn. The p. curacies of St Anne Capel-Curig and
Penrhyn are separate benefices. St. Anne's chapelry was
constirutedinlS45; and, at the census of 1861, had a pop.
of 1,745; and it is in the patronage of Col. Pennant.
Penrhyn church was built in 1865, with funds supplied
by CoL Pennant; is in the decorated English style of
local stone, with Anglesey stone dressings; and has a
tower and ?pire 110 feet high. Capel-Cnrig Is separately
noticed. There are a Wesleyan chapel, national schools,
and charities £5. A battle was fought near Lhindegai
village, in 1643, between the royalists under Sir John
Owen, and the parliamentarians under CoL Mytton,
when the royalLt general was taken prisoner.
LLA-NDEG?A_N, a village and a parish in the district
of Bangor and county of Anglesey. The village stands
on the "ilecai strait, near the ferry station, 2 miles S\V
of Beaumaris, and 3 NE of ilenai-Bridge r. station; and
has a post-Ci£ce under ilenai-Bridge, Anglesey. — The
parish compriifei 2,232 acres of land, and 528 of water;
and includes a small uninhabited portion of Beaumaris
borough. P>eal property, £3,564. Pop., 900. Houses,
l'i>5. "The property is divided among a few. The living
is a rector.', uiiited with the p. curacy of Beaumaris, in
the dicvese of Cani^or. Value, £366.* Patron, Sir R. B.
^V. Buikeley, Bart. The church is dedicated to St.
Tegran; was" rebuilt in 1811; has a large S chapel, al-
most outvying the chancel; has also a tower; and being
sit-jat«d on a hiU, serves as a conspicuous landmark.
There are a Ciilvinistic ilethodist chapel, an endowed
school with £3 a-year, and charities £50.
LI-A>>"DEGL.\, a viilage and a parish in liuthin dis-
trict, Denbigh. The village stands on the upper part of
theriver .\!cn, oiidorCyrn-y-Brain mountain, 7 milesSE of
Ruthin r. station; and has a post-ofBoe under ilold, Flint-
shire, an.l flip: ou 11 March, 25 April, 6 and 23 June, 14
Aug., and 26 0-t. — Tlie pari.sh includes the to\VTiship3 of
TrfT-I.lau and Tnfydil-P.ycliani, and comprises 3,390
acrts. h(-^ piojHirrty, not separately retuiTied. Pop., 425.
H'luses, 99. The jirofMrrty is divided among a few. A
well, at the villa,-e, wx^ long held in su[>ei-stitions vener-
ation, under a b«iief that it.i waters, when used with cer-
tain ehborate ceremonies, were a cure for epilcp.sy. The
living is a rect>jry In the dio..e.se of St. Asaph. Value,
£95. Patron, the IJi^iiop of St. Asa[)h. Tlie church is
dedicated to St. Tecla; and was reported, in 1359, as
very bad.
LLAXDEGLEY, a p,'\risli in Presteigne district, Rad-
nor; on an atiluuntof tlie river Ithon, adjacent to Radnor
forest, 3 miles SE of I'enybont r. station, and 7 WNW
of New Radnor. It contains the townships of Swydd,
Graig, and Tynlan, and part of the township of Llunvi-
hangel-Nantmellan; and its post-to wu is Penybout,
Kadnorshire. Acres, exclusive of the Llanvihangel por-
tion, 3,729. Real property, not separately returned.
Pop., 332. Houses, 70. The property' is much subdi-
vided. A strong sulphureous spring is here, and has
many summer visitors for using its waters both inter-
nally and externally; and an inn is adjacent. A remark-
able range of rocks, rich in quartz ciystals, is near the
churchyariL The Living is a vicarage in the diocese of
St David's. "Value, £122.* Patron, the Bishop of St.
David's. The church is tolerable. There are a free school
with £22 a-year, and charities £11.
LLANDECt VETH, a parish in Pontypool district, Mon-
mouth; on an affluent of the river TJsk, 3 i miles N of Caer-
leon, and 3^ E by N of Cwmbran r. station. Post-town,
Caerleon, under Newport, Monmouth. Acres, 789. Real
property, £1,050. Pop., 116. Houses, 19. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of LlandaS'. Value, £164.
Patron, "SV. A. Williams, Esq. The church is dedicated
to St. Thomas.
LLANDEGWNING, a parish in Pwllheli district,
Carnarvon; in the Lleyn peninsula, near Hell's Mouth
bay, 74 miles SW by W of Pwllheli, and 23 SW of Nantlle
r. station. Post-town, Pwllheli. Acres, 1,433; of which
120 are water. Real property, £1,003. Pop., 142.
Houses, 20. The property is much subdivided. The
living is a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Llaniestyn,
in the diocese of Bangor. The church is dedicated to
St. Tegonwy, and was recently in disrepair.
LLANDEILO. See Llaxdilo.
LLANDELOY, a village aud a parLsh in Haverford-
west district, Pembroke. The village .stands near the
river Solva, 8 miles W of St David's, and 10 NW of Ha-
verfordwest r. station; and has apost-oftice under Haver-
fordwest, and fairs on 1 May, 25 June, and 1 Nov. The
parish comprises 1,843 acres. Real property, £1,269.
Pop., 20S. Houses, 40. The living is a vicarage, united
with the vicarage of Llanhowel, in the diocese of St Da-
vid's. Value, £140. Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of
St David's. The church is dedicated to St Teilaw.
LL.\NDENNY, a village and a parish in the district
and county of Jlonmouth. The village stands on the
Olway brook, adjacent to the Pont}'pool and ilonmouth
railway, 3i miles NE of Usk; and has a station on the
railway, and a post-office under Newport, ilonmouth.
The parish comprises 2,228 acres. Real propei-ty, £3,200.
Pop., 418. Houses, 92. The property is divided among
a few. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Llan-
daff. Value, £50. Patron, the Duke of Beaufort. The
church was reported in 1859, as bad. Charities, £46
and six cottages.
LLANDERFEL. See LLAXDOERiEL.
LLANDEVAILOG. See Llandefailoc.
LLANDEVAND, a chapelry in Llanmartiu parish,
Monmouth; 3 miles NNE of Llanwern r. station, and 4
E of Caerleon. Post-town, Newport, Jlonmouth. The
statistics are returned with the parish. The living is a
p. curacy in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £40. Pa-
tron, the Bishop of Llandaff.
LLANDEVEXNY, a hamlet in Netherwent-St Bride
parish, Monmouth; on the South Wales railway, 6k
miles E by S of Newport, .-\nres, 252. Real projierty,
i.518. Pop., 42. Houses, 9.
LEAN DEWY, a parish in Swansea district, Glam.>r-
gan; in the Gower peninsula, near Rhossilo bay, 5 miles
N\V by N of Penrice, and 10 SW of Loughar r. station.
Post-town, Swansea. Acres, 1,853. Real property,
£1,058. Pop., 149. Houses, 29. A co^^tle wa.s aii-
cicntly here. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
St. David's. Value, £71. Patron, the Bishop of St
David's.
LLAXDEWYFACir, a parish in the .iistriol of Ilav
LLANDEWY-VELFREY.
90
LLANDILO-GRABAN.
and county of Radnor; on the river Bachwy, an affluent
«f the "Wye, 54 miles NW of Hay r. station. Post-
town, Hay, under Hereford. Acres, 2,297. Real pro-
perty, £1,185. Pop., 115. Houses, 22. The living is
a vicarage, annexed to the vicarage of Llowes, in the
diocese of St. David's.
LLANDEWY-VELFREY, a hamlet and a parish in
Narherth district, Pembroke. The hamlet lies 24 miles
NE of Narherth, and 34 SE of Narherth Road r. station.
Real property, £4,570. Pop., 768. Houses, 172. The
parish contains also the hamlet of Henllan; and its
post-town is Karberth. Acres, 4,022. Real property,
£5,278. Pop., 790. Houses, 176. The propeity "is
subdivided. The living is twofold, a vicarage and a
sinecure rectory, in the diocese of St. David's. Value of
the vicarage, £260;* of the rectory, £200. Patron, of
the former, the Lord Chancellor; of the latter, St. Da-
vid's CoUege,- Lampeter. The church was reported in
1859 as not very good.
LLANDEWY-YSTRADENNY, a village and a par-
ish in Knighton district, Radnor. The village stands on
the river Ithon, overhung by mountains, 34 miles N by
W of Penybont r. station, and 12 WSW of Knighton.
The parish contains the tovmships of Church and Mystyr-
rhoesUowdy, and part of the township of Llanfihangel-
Rhydithon; and its post-town is Penybont, Radnorshire.
Acres, 8,075. Real property, £1,772. Pop., 669.
Houses, 109. The surface exhibits some fine hill scen-
€ry, and abounds in ancient entrenchments. CasteUe
Cymaron is the site of a castle which belonged, in the
12th century, to the Earl of Chester — in the 14th cen-
tury, to the Mortimers; and is opposite an ancient Brit-
ish, double-ditched camp, called the Gaei. The living
is a p. curacy, united with the p. curacy of Llanfihangel-
Rhydithon, in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £112.
Patron, the Chancellor of Brecon.
LLA!NDIL0, a parish in Narberth district, Pembroke;
on the upper part of the river Cleddau, under PreceUy
mountain, 54 miles NNW of Narberth-Road r. station,
and 8 N by W of Narberth. Post-town, Narberth.
Acres, 1,132. Real property, £310. Pop., 126. Houses,
25. The surface is huly; and the rocks include good
slate. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the p. cu-
racy of Llangolman, in the diocese of St. David's. The
church is dedicated to St. Teilo.
LLANDILO-ABERCOWIN, a parish in the district
and county of Carmarthen; at the influx of the rivei
Cywyn to the Taff, 4 miles SE by S of St. Clears r. sta-
tion, and 8 SW of Carmarthen. Post-town, St. Clears,
Acres, 922; of which 40 are water. Real property, £690.
Pop., 77. Houses, 16. The property is dirtJed among
a, few. An hospital for pilgiims stood near the church,
and has left some remains. The living is a p. curacy in
the diocese of St. David's. Value, £70. Patron, J. G.
Hughes, Esq. The church was reported in 1859 as not
good.
LLANDILO-ARFAN. See Llakdilo-V.\xe.
LLANDILO-BRIDGE, a railway station in Carmar-
thenshire; on the Carmarthen and Llandilo-fawi- railway,
1 mile WSW of Llandilo-fawr station.
LLAND1L0-F.\WR, a small town, a parish, a sub-
district, and a district in Carmaitlien. The town stands
on the river Towy, and on the Vale of Towy railway,
at the junction of the lines toward Carmarthen, Llanelly,
and Llandovery, 14 miles W by N of Carmarthen; is si-
tuated chiefly on the steep face of a high hill, rising on
the right bank of the river; consists chiefly of one long
street; is rather irregularly built, but contains some good
modem houses; is a seat of quarter sessions and county
courts and a polling-place; and has a post-office J under
Cai-marthen, a railway station with telegraph, a banking-
office, three chief inns, a town-hall, a fine bridge, a
church, four dissenring chapels, a mechanics' institute, a
national school, and cliaritifs £42. The bridge was built
in 1848, at a cost of £18,000; and has a sjian of 150 feet.
The church was rebuilt in 1848; retains the steeple of
the previous cliurch ; comprises nave, aide, transept,
anil chancel; is one of the best churches in Wales; com-
raands a very fine view both up and down the Towy's
valley; and contains a remarkably good organ, and the
reputed tomb and baptistry of St. Teilo. A weekly
market is held on Saturday; another weekly market, for
sheep and wool, is held, duri)3g the summer months, on
Tuesday; and fairs are held oa 20 Feb., the Monday be-
fore Easter, 5 and 12 May, 21 June, 23 Aug., 23 Sept.,
12 and 22 Nov., and on the Jlonday before Christmas.
WooUen cloth is manufactured; and tanning, to a con-
siderable extent, is carried on. The pop. is short of
2,000.
The parish contain^s also the chapelry of Taliaris, and
the hamlets of Pentrecwm, Rhiwlas, Tachloj-an, Tjrts-
cob, Khosma^n, Cwmcawlwyd, Lower Manordeila, Up-
per ilanordeila, Tregib, Trecastle, Manorfabon, BryTie-
v-Beirdd, and Glynaman. Acres, 25,628. Real property,
of Llandilo town, £4,205; of Taliaris, £1,112; of Pen-
trecwm, £1,508; of Riiwlas, £662; of Tachlovan,
£1,028; of Tyrescob, £3,621; of Cwmcawlwyd, £1,192;
of- Lower Manordeila, £2,187; of Upper Slanordeila,
£1,767; of Tregib, £1,274; of Trecastle, £1,153; of
Manorfabon, £2,038; of Bryne-y-Beirdd, £921; of
Glynaman, £522. Pop. of the whole, in 1851, 5,758 ;
in 1861, 5,440. Houses. 1,210. The manor belongs to
the Bishop of St. David's. Dynevor Castle, the seat of
Lord Dynevor, and Golden Grove, a seat of the Earl of
Cawdor, are principal residences, but have been separately
noticed. Taharis is the seat of W. Peel, Esq. Carreg-
Cenneu Castle, 34 miles SE of the town, b a remark-
able ancient niin, but has been separately noticed. The
road leading to it, from the town's bridge, commands a
remarkably rich view of the vale of Towy, including
all Dynevor park. Remains of a considerable mansion,
nearly as old as Caneg-Cennen Castle, are about a mile
S of it, at Cwrt-BrjT-y-Beinld. Most of the parish, par-
ticularly the part immediately around the town, is richly
beautiful and picturesque. The rocks are extensively of
the kind called Llandilo flags, chiefly coarse dark-col-
oured slates, often calcareous, partly true limestone, and
abounding m trilobites, and many lower siluriiin shells.
" Extending northward to Llangadock and southward to
Carmarthen, these flag-stones rise in the form of a broken
elliptical mass from beneath over-lying strata on both
banks of the Towy, thus marking an extensive line of
excavation in which that river flows." The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £512.
Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The p. curacies of
Cwmamman and Taliaris are separate benefices.
The sub-district contains the parish of Llandyfeisant,
and the part of the parish of Llandilo-fawr Ijdng N of
the river Cennen, together with the hamlet of Pentrecwm.
Acres, 20,909. Pop., 4,546. Houses, 1,024.— The dis-
trict comprehends also the sub-district of Llandebie,
containing the rest of the parish of Llamlilo-fawT, aud the
parishes of Llandebie, Bettws, and Llanfihangel-Aber-
bythych; the sub-district of Llangathen containing the
parishes of Llangathen and Llanegwad; the sub-district
of Llanf^-nydd, cont.iiuing the parishes of Ll.anfynydd,
Brechfa, and Llanfihangel-Cilfargen; and the sub-district
of Talley, containing the parishes of Talley and Llau-
sawel. Acres, 97,207. Poor-rates in 1863, £8,212. Pop.
in 1851, 17,968; in 1861, 17,222. Houses, 3,695. Mar-
riages in 1863, 115; births, 504, — of which 4'J were ille-
gitimate; deaths, 279, — of which C3 were at ;iges under
5 years, and 22 at ages above 85. JIarriages in the ten
years 1851-60, 1,306; births, 5,321; deaths, 3,366.
The places of worehip, in 1851, were IS of the Church of
England, with 5,888 sittings; 22 of Independents, with
3,374 s.; 11 of Baptists, with 1,607 s.; 13 of Calvinistio
Methodists, with 2,963 s. ; C of Wesleyan Methodists,
with 988 s. ; 1 of Unitarians, with 100 s.; and 1 of
Latter D.iy Saints, with 100 s. The schools were 22
public day schools, with 1,284 scholars; 9 private day
schools, with 328 s. ; 56 Sunday school.s, with 4,477 s. ;
and 3 evening schools for adults, with SO s. The work-
house is in the town division of Llandilo-fawr parish; and,
at the census of 1861, had 33 inmates.
LLANDILO-GRABAN, a parish in the district of Hay
and county of Radnor; on the river Wye, at the boundary
with Brecon, adjacent to the Llanidloes and Talyllyii
LLAXDILO-TALYBONT.
91
LLAXDOUOH.
j-ailway, 5 miles SE by S of Builth. Post-toum, Builth,
Brecooihire. Acn^s,' 3,059. Keal property, £1,831.
Pop., 233. Houses, 47. The property is much sub-
divided, iluch of the surface is hilly and wild. A
beech on the border is seen at great distances around.
The U^ing is a p. curacv in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £72. Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The
church was reported in 1S59 a.s very bad. Charities, £20.
LLAXDILO-TALYBOXT, a parish in Swansea dis-
trict, Glamorgan; on the river Loughor, at the boundary
with Carmarthen, adjacent to the Llanelly and Vale of
Towy railway, 6 miles NE of Llanelly. It contains the
hamlets of Briskedwin, Glynloughor, Gwenlais, Tyr-y-
Brentm, and Ynisloughor; and has a fair on tho Mon-
day after 15 Nov. Post-town, Llanellj'. Acres,
7,401; of which 105 are water. Real property, £3,495.
Pop. in 1S5], 1,40S; in 1S61, 1,331. Houses, 303.
The property is subdivided- Coal abounds. Ti-aces of
an ancient camp are neixr the river. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of St David's. Value, £140.*
Patron, Howel Gwyn, Esq. The church is good; and
there are chapels for Independents and Calvinistic Metho-
<lists. The bard Jenan Lawdden was a native of Glyn-
loughor.
LLAXDILO-VAXE, or Ll.^-dilo-Afan, a parish,
with a village, in the district and county of Brecon ; on
the river Ciliene, an affluent of tho Usk, under Mynydd-
Bwlch-y-Groes, near the boundary with Carmarthen, 8i
miles E" by N of Llandovery r. station, and 11 WilW of
Brecon. Post-town, Brecon. Acres, 10,491. Keal
property, £1,946. Pop., 496. Houses, 90. The pro-
penv is much subdivided. The manor belonged to
Straw -Florida abbey. Llandilo Hall belongs to the
IJoyds. Much of the surface is upland. The living is
a p' curacy in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £83.
Patrons, the Coheirs of W. Jeffreys, Esq. The chm-ch
was recently in disrepair.
LLAXDILO-VEPvNALT. See Bishopston-.
LLAXDINABO, a parish in Ross district, Hereford;
34 nules W of Fawley r. station, and 6 NW of Ross.
Post-town, Ross. Acres, 494. Real property, £1,030.
Pop., 63. Houses, 12. The ]iropei-ty is divided among
a few. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Here-
ford. Value, £104. Patron, H. Hoskins, Esq. The
church is old but good, and has a tower.
LL.-VNDINA2I, a village and a parish in Newtown
district, Montgomery. TJie village stands on the river
Severn, adjacent to the Oswestry, Welshpool, and Llan-
idloes railwa}', 5J mUes KE by N of Llanidloes; is ro-
manrically situated on the brink of a cliff overhanging
the river, and at the foot of the Llandinam mountains;
and has a station on the railway and a head post-office,
designated Llandinam, Montgomeryshire. The parish
contains also the townships of Carned, Detliynydd,
Eskimaen, Gwemeriu, Hengynwydd, JIaesuiawr, Rhyd-
faes, and Tre;vythan. Acres, 18,064. Real property,
£8,SS5. Pop., 1,574. Houses, 289. The property is
much subdi%-ided. The Llandinam mountains form a
range, rising to the height of 1,895 feet An ancient
camp, about 600 feet long, is on Cefu-Camedd; and
there arc three other ancient camps. The living is a
vicarage, united with the p. curacy of Banhaglog, in the
diocese of Bangor. Value, £500. Patron, the Bishop
of Bangor. The church was buUt out of one of the an-
cient camps, has a curious wooden belfry, and was re-
jiorted in 1S59 as bad. Charities, £18.
LL.^NDIKG.VT, a parish in Llandovery district, Car-
marthen ; on the rivers Bran and Towy, around tho
tou-u and r. station of Llandovery. It contains the
borough of Llandovery, and tlie hamlets of Telych,
I-'orest, ar.d. Ystrad; and its post-town is Llandovery,
under Carmarthen. Acres, 8,107. Real property,
£10.177. Pop- in IS^^. 2,542; iu 186], 2,U89. Houses,
4S0. Velindre and Llwyn-Bran are cliief residences;
and the former is the seat of E. Jones, Esq. The surface
exhibits much pleasant scenery. The living is a vicar-
age, united with the p. curacy of Llanfair-ur-y-bryn, in
the diocese of St David',?. Value, £254. * Patron, the
I;i.-hop of St David's. The church is dedicated to St.
Dingat; stands in Llandovery, on the site of a Roniau
camp, where coins and other Roman relics have been
found; has a later English tower; contains a monument
to Pritchard, the author of " Llyr-y-Ficer;" and was re-
ported in 1859 as not ver}' good. The p. curacy of Ys-
tradff>Ti is a separate benefice. See Llandovep.v.
LLANDINIR, a township in Berriew parish, Mont-
gomeryshire; 4\ miles NW of Montgomery.
LLANDINOIIWIG, a chapelry in Llanddeiniolen
parish, Carnarvonshire; in the S part of the parish, among
the N heights of Snowdonia, around Dinas-Dinorwig, 5
miles WN \V of Carnarvon r. station. It was constituted
in 1858; aud its post-town is Carnarvon. Pop. in 1861,
3,346. Houses, 733. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of Bangor. Value, £200.* Patron, T. A. Smith,
Esq. The church is modern. See Llanddeixiolen'.
LLANDISILIO, a sxib-district in AbcrajTon district,
Cardigan; containing Llandisilio-Gogo parish, and four
other parishes. Acres, 33,730. Pop., 6,459. Hou3e.s,
1,518.
LLA]ST)ISILIO-GOGO, a parish in Aberayron dis-
trict, Cardigan; on the coast, 7i mUes SW of Aberayron,
and 16 WNVV of Lampeter r. station. It is cut into
two divisions, lower and upper; and the lower div. con-
tains the village of Penybont. Post-town, New Quay,
under Carmarthen. Acres, 10,224. Real property,
£.3,581. Pop., 1,315. Houses, 306. The property is
much subdivided. The manor belonged to the Parrys
or Ap Harrys of Gernos. Cwm Tydwr belonged to the
Tudors. Remains exist of two ancient fortifications; the
one 200 feet in diameter, and double-ditched; the other
204 feet in diameter, and called CUiau or Y Garnwen.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £313.* Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The
church is dedicated to St. Tysilio; is ancient; contains a
screen, a piscina, and an octagonal font ; and was recent-
ly repaired. The p. curacy of CapeI-C3mon is a separata
benefice.
LLANDISSILIO, a village, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict, in the district of Narberth ; part of the parish in
Carmarthenshire, and part in Pembrokeshire. The vil-
lage stands on the river Cleddau, at the boundary be-
tween the counties, 1| mile N of Narbcrth-Road r. sta-
tion, and 4h N of Narberth; and has a post-office under
Narberth. The parish comprises 4,719 acres in Car-
marthenshire, and 1,743 in Pembrokeshire. Real pro-
perty, £4,985. Pop. of the O. portion, 630; of the
P. portion, 406. Houses, 120 and 95. The property is
siibdivided. A Dmidical circle is at Llwynyebol; and
ancient camps are at Portispark and Casgwyn. The liv-
ing is a vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
£144. Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church
has an ancient inscription, exhumed in 1827; and was
reported in 1859 as not good. — The sub-district contains
also another parish in Carmarthenshire, and eight other
parishes and part of another in Pembrokeshire. Acres,
25,686. Pop., 3,340. Houses, 701.
LLANDISSILIO, Anglesey, Denbigh, and Mont-
gomery. See Llandtsilio.
LLANDOGO, a village and a parish in the district
aud county of Monmouth. The village stands on the
river Wye, at the boundary with Gloucestershire, oppo-
site Bigswear, and under Beacon hill, 7 miles S by E of
Monmouth town and r. station ; is a pretty place amid
beautiful surroundings; consists of cottages, rising above
one another, interspersed with gardens and orchards, and
backed by woods; and has a post-ofHcc under Cokford.
A small waterfall, called Cleiddon Shoot.f, is on the hill-
side near the village ; but does not show well except in
rainy weather. The parish comprises 1,843 acres. Real
property, £2,673. Pop., 643. Houses, 148. The liv-
ing is a p. curacy, united with the chapchy of Whjte-
brooke, in the dioce.sc of Llandafl'. Viduc, £112.* Pa-
tron, the Bishop of Llandafl". The church is dedicated
to St. Odoccus, and is good.
LLANDOUGH, a jtarish in Bridgend district, Gla-
morgan; on the river Cowbridgc, 1 mile S of Cowbridgo
r. .station. Post-town, Cowbridgc. Acres, 683. Real
property, £853. Pop., 119. Houses, 25. TJie pro-
LLANDOUH-JUXTA-PENARTH.
92
LLANDRILLO-YN-RHOS.
perty is all in one estate. Llandough House, a caitellateJ
mausion, incluJLng some remaius of an an.ieat castle,
belonged formeily to Col. Morgan, and belongs now'to
R. Boteler, Esq. The living is a rectory, united with
the rectory of St. :Mary Church, in the diooe^ of Llan-
daff. Value, £.325.* Patron, C. R. N. Talbot, 'Esq.
The church is dedicated to St. Dochdwy; is in good con-
dition; and contains an effigies of a Walche of the ancient
Llandough Castle. Walters, the author of the Welsh
dictionarv, was rector.
LLANDOUH-JUXTA-PENARTH, a parish in Car-
diff district, Glamorgan; on the river Ely, inimediately
above its inilu-^ to the mouth of the river Taff, 3 miles
SSW of CarditF r. station. It has a post-otEce, of the
name of Llandough, under Cardiff. Acres, 6S9. Real
property, £1,376; of which £600 are in quarries. Pop.
in 1851, 135; in 1861, 234. Houses, 44. The increase
of pop. arose from proximity to Cardiff, and from con-
nexion with the improvements in that town's harbour
and trade. The property is divided among a few. Co-
gan was the seat of the Herbei-ts, and is now a firm-
house. The living is a rectory, annexed to the rectory
of Leckwith, Ln the diocese of Llandaff. The church is
good.
LLANDOVERY, a town, a to^Tiship, and a district
in Carmartheushire. The town is in Llandiagat parish ;
stands on the river Bran, about a mile above its influx
to the Towy, and adjacent to the junction of the Llan-
elly and Vale of Towy railway with two lines which
were in progress of formation in 1866 toward Brecon and
Knighton, with communication thence to Hereford and
to Shrewsbury ; and is near the site of the Roman sta-
tion at Llanfair-ar-y-br\-n on the Sarn Helen way, and
26 miles IS'E of Carmarthen. Its situation is very fine,
in a well-watered valley, encircled by hills clothed with
wood. Its name was originally Llan-ym-Ddyfri, signi-
fying "the meeting - place among the waters," and
alludiug to its position near the confluence of several
streams; and was corrupted first into Llanymtheverye,
and next into Llandovery. The town is thought, by
some writers, to Iiave originated in the ceighbourLng
Roman station; but it moro probably sprang from a
castle which was founded at it soon after the Norman
Conquest. The castle was held, in 1160, by Richard de
Pons; was taken, in 1208, by Rhys Vychan; was taken
again, in the time of Edward I., by Rhys ap Meredydd ;
made some figure in the civU wars of Charles I.; and was
dismantled by Cromwell. Some remains of it, consisting
of part of the kesp aud outworks, still stand on a knoll,
nearly in the centre of the town, and present a pictur-
esque appearance. Tlie town comprises one main street
and eight smaller streets ; and has undergone consider-
abWrecent improvement. A curious hou-^e at its E end
was built, in 1620, by Pritchard, the author of " LljT y
Ficer." Several elegant villas, occupying romantic situa-
tioas are in the neighbourhood. Two bridg>a cross the
Towy in the vicinity; the one called Pont-y-Prydd,
with an arch S3 feet in span, erected by E.iward3; the
other a suspension bridge, constructed in 1S02. A spaci-
ous market-house was recently erected. The chuich of
Llaadingat, with a later English tower, is in the town;
and the church of Llanfair-ar-y-bryn, is on the N. There
are chapels for Independents, Baptists, Calvinistic Me-
thodists, and Weslcyans; a classical and njathematical
school, called the Welsh collegiate institution; and na-
tional and British schools. The collegiate iustitntiou
was founded in 1S49 by T. Philips, Esq., of Brunswick
Square, London; is a handsome edifice in the Tudor
style; and provides a good education for Welsh boys.
The town ha-s a post-officej under CarmartLra, a railway-
station with telegraph, two banking-otHces, and iliree
chief inns; and is a seat of petty sessions and county-
courts, and a polling-place. A weekly market is held on
Saturday; and faiis are lield on 17th Ajiril, 5 June, 2
Aug., 22 Oit., and 16 Nov. The town w.is incorporated
by Richard III.; is traditionally said, but without evi-
dence, to have contributed with Caniiart'uc-a in seuding
a member to parliament; and is govern.-;!, imder the
new act, by a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve council-
lors. Its limits, and those of the township, are conter-
niinate. Real property, £5,440. Pop. in 1851, 1,927;
in 1861, 1,855. The district workhouse is here; and, at
the census of 1861, had 44 inmates.
The district comprehends the sub-district of Llan-
dingat, contermLnate with Llaudingat parish; the sub-
district of Llaufaii-ar-j'-bryn, contenuinate with Llanfair-
ar-y-bryn parish; the sub-district of Myddfai, contermi-
nate with llyddfai parish; tlie sub-district of Llansadwrn,
containing the parishes of Llansadwrn ai.d Lhunvrda ; the
sub-district of Llangadock, conterminatewith Llaugadock
parish; the sub-district of Llanddausaint conteiminate
with Llanddausaint parish; the sub-district of Cilycwui,
conterminate with Oilycwm parish; the sub-ilistrict of
Con\vil-Cayo, conterminate >vith Conwil-Cayo parish;
aud the sub-district of Llanwityd, electorally in Brecon,
and containing the parishes of Llanwrtyd and Llandulas-
in-TjT-Abbot. Acres, 154,572. Poor-rates in 1863,
£6,793. Pop. inl851, 15,055; inl861, 14,775. Houses,
2,935. Marriages in 1863, 101; births, 4S1,— of which
31 were illegitimate; deaths, 280, — of wliich 86 were at
ages under 5 years, and 18 at ages above 85. Marriages iu
the ten years 1851-60, 1,020; births, 4,507; deaths,2, 726.
The places of worship, iu 1851, were 15 of the Clmrch of
England, with 4,069 sittings; 15 of Independents, with
4,686 s.; 8 of Baptists, with 1,595 s.; 12 of Calvinistic
Methodists, with 3,474 s. ; and 2 of W'eslej'au Metho-
dists, with 275 s. Tne schools were 16 public day
schools, with 1,091 scholars; 5 private day schools, with
164 s. ; and 53 Sunday schools, with 5,102 s.
LLANDOW, or Ll.vndwr, a parish in Bridgend dis-
trict, Glamorgan; 3i miles W by S of Cowbridge r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Cowbridge. Acres, 1,086. Real pro-
perty, £1,235. Pop., 133. Houses, 24. The property
is divided among live. The living is a rectory iu the
diocese of Llandatf. Value, £266.* Patron, Jesus Col-
lege, Oxford. The church is ancient, but good.
LLANDOWROR, a parish in the district and county
of Carmarthen; near the river Tatf, 3 miles SW of St.
Clears r. station, and 3J N\V by N of Laugharne. Post-
town, St. Clears. Acres, 1,783. Real property, £1,264.
Pop. in 1851, 403; iu 1861, 339. Houses, 75. The de-
crease of pop. was caused partly by the discontinuance of
a Large hotel. The property is all in one estate. Tha
living is a rectory in the diocese of St David's. Value,
£132.* Patron, Lord Milford. The church contains a,
monument to a former rector, G. Jones, by .Mrs. Bevan,
the foundress of the Welsh circulating schools; and it
was reported in 1859 as bad.
LLANDRE, a hamlet in Llaug^\Tmor parish, Carmar-
thenshire; near Carmarthen.
LLANDRILLO, a village and a parish in Corwcn dis-
trict, Merioneth. The village stands near the river Dee,
in a fine vale, at Milltir-Gerrig pass, under the Berwyn
mountains, 5 miles SSW of C'orwen r. .station; and has a
post-office under Corweu, and fairs on 25 Feb., 3 May,
— July, 28 Aug., and 14 Nov. — The parish comprises
the townships of Cilan, Dinam, Faei-dref, Garthiaen,
Pennant, and SjTior. Acres, 28,200. Real propertv,
£4,578. Pop., 776. House-s, 177. The property 'is
divided among a few. The surface includes much grand
scenery of glen and mountain; and the village is a good
starting-point for several romantic touring excursions.
Slate is quarried. There are a Druidical circle, a crom-
lech, and some other ancient British aatiquities. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value.
£329. Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph.- The church is
dedicated to St. Trillo, and is ancient but "ood.
LLANDRILLO-YN-RHOS, a parish inlhe district of
Conway, and counties of Carnarvon aud Denbigh; on the
coast and on the Chester and Holyliead railway, near
Little Orme's Head, 3i miles NE by E of Conway. It
contiiins the township of Eiiias, in "Carnarvonshire, and
t)ie townships of Cilgwyn, Dinerth, I.lwydcoed, Jlochtre,
Rhiw, and Colwjai in Denbighshire; "and the last ot
these townships h;is a station on tlie railway, and a post-
office under Conway. Acres of the Carnarvon portion,
911; of which 110 are water. Re.il property, £1,245.
Pop., 295. Houses, 65. Acres oitUe, Denbigh portion.
LLANDRINDOD.
93
LLANDUDWEN.
5,140; of wliich 545 are water. Real property, £5,229;
of which £151 are Lu quarries, and £15 in fisheries.
Pop., 1,026. Houses, 219. The property is divided
among a few. An old seat of the Vychaus and the Con-
ways is under Bryn-Euryn; and an ancient palace of
JIaelgwyn Gwynodd, prior to his residing at Diganwy, is
at Llys-Euryn. A well here, called Fynnun-Eilian, was
liirmerly lield in superstitious veneration. The living is
a vicarage in the dioce.se of St. Asaph. "Value, £34y. *
Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph. The church stands on
an eminence; is a handsome later English edifice, with
double aisles; has a tower, with double-stepped battle-
ments ; and contains a Xomiau font. Capel-Trillo, about i
a mile distant, is a rude structure, commonly thought to be
of very high antiquity-, but probably not really older than
the 15th centur}'. Tiie p. cui-acy of Cohvj-n is a separate
benefice. There are a Wesleyau chapel, and charities £14.
LLANDRI.VDOD, a parish in the district of Builth
and county of Eadnor; on the Knighton and Central
Wales railway, near the river Ithon, 7 miles N by E of
Builth. It has a station on the railway; and its post-
town is Penybont, Radnorshire. Acres, 2,689. Real
property, £1,563. Pop., 243. Houses, 40. Much of
the surface is ■wild heathy common. Llandrindod mineral
springs here came into local repute, for their medicinal
virtues, about the year 1696; began to be visited, by
persons from various distances in 1726; rose to such
celebrity that lodging-houses and a large hotel were
erected in 1749, for the accommodation of visitors; and,
though subsequently much damaged in reputation by
causes alien to their own merits, are still considerably
frequented by such invalids as are in quest of health,
apart from appliances of frivolity. The hotel of 1749
became eventually such a resort of gamblers and other
disreputable persons, that it had to be taken down; but
two establishments, called the Pumphouse Hotel and the
Kock House, stiU exist for the use of visitore. The springs
are three in number, rising within a few yards of one an-
other, yet difl'uring totally in quality, being severally
saline, chalybeate, and sulphureous; and their waters are
specially usetul in scrofulous and cutaneous diseases. A
lead mine, supposed to have been worked by the Romans,
is in the vicinity; and various tumuli and ancient British
and Roman entrenchments are within the parish. The
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
£48. Patron, the liishop of St. David's. The church
stan.ls on the spur of a hill, overlooking the joint plain
of the Ithon, the AVye, and the Yrfon.
LLAXDKINIO, a parish in Llanfyllin district, Mont-
gomery; on Off.i's dyke, the Montgomery canal, and the
river Severn, at the influ.v of the river Vyrnwy, adjacent
to Salop, and near Four Crosses r. station, 9 miles S of
Oswestry. It contains the townships of Llan and Tre-
derwen, and has a post-olBce under Oswestry. Acres,
3,832. Real property, £4,671. Pop., 910. Houses,
157. The property is much subdivided. Llandrinio
Hall and Penrhos were chief residences, but are now
occupied by tenants. The tract adjacent to the Severn
Used to be subject to devast-ating inundations, but is
now i)rotected by expensive embankments. The Breid-
ilen hills are adjacent; and the most northerly of them
is crowned by Rodney's pillar. The living is a rectory
ill the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £580.* Patron,
tlie P.i.shop of St. Asaph. The cliurch is dedicated to
St. Trinio, is an ancient structure, and was restored in
1853. There are chapels for Baptists and Primitive
M'.'thodists, ami charities £15.
LLANDRYG.\.UN, a parish in the district and county
of Anglesey; 4 miles S\V of Llanerciiyraedd r. station,
and 6 NW of Llaugi'fni. It contains Owyndy, which
has a jiost-ollic; under Llangefni Acres, 2,4:j0. Real
property, £2,4i;i. Pop., 359. Houses, 77. The pro-
perty is siibdiviiU'd. liodyclian was the seat of Rhys ap
Llewelyn, who was with Henry Vll. at Bosworth field ;
but it is now n.'pre.sentod by only fr.igmontary remains.
Tlie living is a p. curacy, united with the p. curacy of
Boilwrog, in tho diocese of Bangor. Value, £228.*
Patron, .fis'is Colli^ge, O.'cford. The church is dedicated
to St. Trygan, and is g') id.
LLANDUDNO, a small town and a parish in Conway
district, Carnarvon, The town stands on the coast, be-
tween Great Orme's Head and Little Ormc's Head, at
the terminus of a short branch railway of the Chester and
the Holyhead, 34 miles N by K of Conway; was, so late
as about 1841, only a very small village, rougldy fre-
quented by a few families for sea-bathing; is now a beau-
tifid and fashionable watering place, rising rapidly into
higher favour; possessescomniandof two bays, withditl'er-
ent aspects, and with fine facilities for bathing in almost
any weather; comprises a handsome crescent, curving
round the shore of one of the bays, and parallel streets
running across from it to the Conway sands; and has a
head pust-office,+ designated Llandudno, Carnarvonshire,
a railway station with telegraph, four good hotels, a
number of good lodging-houses, two churches, and several
dissenting chapels. One of the churches is a modern
erection, originally built in lieu of the ancient parochial
one, situated on a neighbouring cliff. The otlier church
was founded in 1865; is situated near the railway station;
is in the early decorated English style, of blue native
limestone, with freestone and Bath stone dressings, and
was designed to be cruciform, measuring 133 feet from
E to W, 58^ feet wide, and 83 feet along the transepts, —
to have three entrances and a tower and spire, — and to
cost about £7,000; but, in the first instance, was to be
erected to the extent of only the nave and aisles, at a
cost of £3,900. One of the dissenting chapels is for In-
dependents, and was enlarged in 1865. Steamers from
Liverpool, and sometimes steamers from Beaumaris and
Carnarvon, call at the town; and measures were adopted
in the autumn of 1S65 for the erection of a pier, suited
both for lauding and embarking passengers, and for pro-
menading. The town is sheltered on two sides by Great
Orme's Head and Little Orme's Head, but is unslieltered
in other directions; and it suffers the disadvantage of
Ijing in a comparatively wild and rocky seclusion, with
little or no greenery to relieve the eye; but it commands
a charming walk, about 6 miles long, around Great
Orme's Head, and is in the near neighbourhood of objects
and places highly interesting to antiquaries and botanists.
See Orme's He.\d.
The parish is divided into the townships of L. Lower
and L. Upper. Acres, 2,729; of which 815 are water.
Real property, £12,058 ; of which £353 are in mines.
Pop. in ISOl, 318; in 1851, 1,131; in 1861, 2,316.
The property is much subdivided. The manors belong
to the Bishop of Bangor and the Mostyus. Copper mines
are here, have long been worked, and are supposed to have
been known to the Romans. A cave of Llanderdero
mine, 120 feet long, was found, in 1849, to contain Roman
benches and stone hammers. The ancient P.ritish for-
tress of Pen-y-Dinas overlooks the town, and still pos-
sesses portions of ancient wall, and numerous hut circles.
A rocking-stone, called Cryd-Tudno, or the cradle of Tud-
no, is at one corner of the fortress; and remains of an ave-
nue of standing-stones, called by a name wliich signifies
" the High road of the deer," is near it. The living is a p.
curacj', united with the chapelry of St. Tudno, in the dio-
cese of Bangor. Value, £363.* Patron, the Archdea-
con of Slerioneth. The old parochial cliurch, situated
on the cliff, is supposed to occupy the site of an oratory of
St. Tudno of the 7th century; was itself erected in the
12th century, but aftHnvards acquired a later English
chancel; went eventually into neglect and dilapidation;
was restored in 1855, at the expense of H. Reece of Bir-
mingham; and conUiins two incised coffin-iids of the l.Tth
century, and an ancient circul.ar font. Charities, £14.
LLANDUDNO .IL'NCTION, a railway station in
North Wales ; on the Cii''ster and Holyhead railway,
near the boundary Ivtiveeu Denbighshire and Carnar-
vonshire, 14 mile E of Conway. Two branch lines go
off here; the one northward to Llandudno, the other
southward to Llanrwst.
LLANpUDWi':N, a parish in Pwllheli district, Car-
narvon; in the Llevn peninsula, 7 miles \V by N of
Pu-lllu'li, and 19 S\V of Nantlle r. station. IN.st-town,
Pwlllii.'li. Acres, l,."?:!!. Re.il propciTy, £1,123. Pop.,
94. Iluusc-s, 14. Tlie property is divided auioiig three.
LLANDULAS-IN-TYK-ABP.OT.
94
LLANDYENOG.
Madrin is a chief residence. The living is a p. curacy
annexed to tho rectory of Rhiw, in the diocese of Ban-
gor. The church is dedicated to St. Tudwen.
LLANDULAS. See Llanddul-V-s.
LLANDULAS-IN-TYR-ABBOT, a parish in the dis-
trict of Llandovery, and countj- of Brecon; on the river
Dulas, an affluent of the Wye, and on tlie Mountain Ju-
lian way, under Mjiiydd-Epynt, and adjacent to Cannar-
thenshire, 9 niUes N£ of Llandovery r. station, and 13
S\V of BuUth. Post-town, Builth, Breconshire. Acres,
3,220. Eeal property, £3S5. Pop., 124. Houses, 19.
The manor was given by Rhys ap Grufl'ydd to his abhey
of Strata-Florida. The living is a p. curacy in the dio-
cese of St. David's. Yalue, £43. Patron, Col. Gwynne.
LLANDULPH. See Laxdulph.
LLANDURY. See Capel-Llandury.
LLANDWROG, a parish and a sub-district in the
district and county of Carnarvon. The parish lies on
Carnarvon bay, on the Sam Helen way, and on the
Carnarvonshire railway, 5 miles S by "W of Carnarvon ;
has a village of its own name, with a post-office under
Carnarvon; is cut into two divisions, lower and up-
per; and contains the villages of Bethesda and Tyion.
Acres, 9,516; of which 200 are water. Eeal property
of the lower div., £3,444; of the upper div., £7,153
— of which £3,280 are in quarries, and £450 in mines.
Pop. of the whole, 2,825. Houses, 614. Part of the
property is subdivided; but most belonged formerly
to the Glynnes, and belongs now to Lord Newborough.
Glynllifon is Lord Newborough's seat, and stands amid
a splendidly wooded park. Slate quarries are at Pen-
y-Bryn, Talysarn and Cilgwyn ; and a copper mine
is at Drw3-y-Coed, under Snowdon. Dinas-Dinlle, on a
hill of sand and pebbles, overlooking the sea, is an an-
cient fortification of about 20 acres; appears to have
been originally British; was occupied by the Romans,
and is said to have been connected with Segontium;
shows a strong double range of escarpments, and con-
tains ti-aces of watch-towers; but has, in its seaivard
front, suffered considerable abrasion by the bLUo-.vs.
Edward I. once made a sojourn within the parish. Tlie
living is a rectory in the diocese of Bangor. Value,
£491.* Patron, the Bishop of Llandaff. The church
is dedicated to St. Twrog; was rehuilt in 1864, at a cost
of £7,000, all defrayed by Lord Newborough; is in the
decorated English style, cruciform, of Anglesey lime-
stone, lined with Bath stone; and has a tower and spire
110 feet high. A considerable section of the parish,
designated L. St. Thomas, was constituted a separate
charge in 1856; and, at the census of 1861, had a pop.
of 2,114. The living of it is a p. curacy, with a par-
sonage, but the value not reported, in the patronage of
the Eector. The church is recent. Mrs. Glynne's
alms-houses, for twelve decayed maiden gentlewomen,
were founded in 1727, and have an endowed income of
£203; and there are other charities £18. — The snb-<lis-
trict contains also three other i)arishes. Acres, 40,556.
Pop., 8,518. Houses, 1,866.
LLANDYBIE. See Ll.vndebie.
LLANDYDOG. See Dogmells (St.).
LLANDYFEILOG. See Lla^defeilog.
LL-A.NDYFEISANT, a parish in Llandilo-fawr dis-
trict, Carmarthen; on the river Towy, 1 mile W of
Llandilo-fawr r. station. Post-to\ra, Llandilo-favvr, under
Carmarthen. Acres, 1,551. Eeal property, £1,947.
Pop., 258. Houses, 51. . The surface shares in the in-
terest of Dynevor Park. A spring, called Nant-y-
Rheibis, or the charmed fountain, ebbs and flows twice a-
day. Roman coins have been found. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of St. David's. Value, not re-
ported Patron, Earl Cawdor. Tho church is said to
occupy the site of a Roman temple.
LLANDYFODOG, a parish in Bridgend district, Gla-
morgan; on a branch of tho river Ogniore, 5^ miles 2sE
of Bridgend r. station. It contains the vilhiges of Black-
inill and Pantyrid; the former uf which lias a post-office
under Bridgend. Acres, 6,503. Eeal property, £1,495.
Pop., 254. Houses, 53. The property is subdivided.
The manor belongs to the duchy of Lancaster. Coal and
iron ore are found; and there are mineral springs. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Llandali'. Value,
£S9. Patron, Miss E. Turberville. The church is de-
dicated to St. Tjrvodwg, and Is tolerably good.
LLANDYFRIOG, a paiish in Xewcastle-in-Emlyn
district, Cardigan; on the river Teifi, 2 miles ENE of
Xewcastle-Emlyn r. station. It contains the tov\-nship of
Adpar, and the villages of Aber and Peaddol; and its
post-town is Neweastle-Emlvn, under Carmarthen. Acres,
2,867. Eeal property, £2,647. Pop. in 1S51, 959; iu
1861, 807. Houses, "202. The decrease of pop. arose
partly from the closing of a boarding-school. The property
is much divided. The living is a vicarage, united with
the rectory of Llanfair-Trelygen, in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, £147.* Patron, the Bishop of St.
David's. The church is dedicated to St. Tjvriog, ami
is good.
LLANDYFRYDOG, a parish and a sub-district in the
district and county of Anglesey. TJie parish lies on the
river Dulas, li mile KE of LlanerchjTnedd r. station.
Post-town, Llanerchymedd, under Bangor. Acres,
3,819. Eeal property, £3,637. Pop., 706. Houses,
156. The property is much subdivided. Many of the
inhabitants are employed in the Parys copper mines.
Two wells, formerly reputed holy, are near Lleidr-Dy-
vrj'dog stone. The living is a rectoiy, united with the
p. curacy of Llanfihangel-Tre'r-Beirdd, in the diocese of
Bangor. Value, £457.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor.
The church is dedicated to St. Tyvrj-dog; occupies the
site of one founded in the 5th centurj"; is an ancient
struotme ; and was recently in disrepair. There are a
Calvinistic Methodist chapel, and charities £3. — Tho
sub-district contains also eleven other parishes. Acres,
23,384. Pop.. 4,530. Houses, 1,060.
LLANDYGWIDD, a parish and a sub-district in tho
district and county of Cardigan. Tlie p?,risli li:'s on the
river Teifi, at theboundar}-\\ith Pembrokeshire and Car-
marthenshire, and on the Ncwcastle-Enilyn and Cardi-
gan railway, winch was ia progiess of formation in 1S66,
4 miles SE of Cardigan. Post-town, Lle<hrj-d, under
Carmarthen. Acres, 5,595. Eeal propert}', £4,453; of
which £15 are in fisheries. Pop., 1,028. Houses, 230.
The property is divided among a few. The manor belonged
to the Bishops of St. David's, who had a palace on it; and
it passed to the Griffiths. Llwmdyrus, the seat of the
Griffiths is on the site of the episcopal palace ; and other
chief residences are Stradmore-Vale, Xoyadd-TrevawT,
Penylan, and Blaenpant. A salmon leap is on the conti-
guous reach of the Teifi. The living is a p. curacy iu the
diocese of St. David's. Value, £130.* Patron, the Bishop
of St. David's. The church is dedicated to St. Dygwydd;
was recently rebuilt; is in the early English stj'le, ot
local stone, with Bath stone dressings ; and has a tower,
with wooden spire, 130 feet high. — 'fhe sub-district con-
tains also four other parishes in Cardiganshire, and two
iu Pembrokeshire. Acres, 19,860. Pop., 4,133. Houses,
970.
LLANDYLAVYF. See Lla.vt)eloy.
LLANDYNAil, a township in Llandysilio parish.
Denbigh ; on the river Dee, 2 miles NW of Llangollen.
Eeal property, £2,203; of which £254 are in quanies.
Pop., 8.3.
LL.\NDYRNOG, a village, a parish, and a sub-dis
trict, in Ruthin district, Denbigh. The village stands
about a mile from the river Clwyd, under Br}-n-y-Clod-
diau, 34 mOesE of Denbigh r. station; and has a post-office
under Denbigh. — The parish comprises the to\vnships of
Y'strad, Banker, Caertedwin, CwmdyUuan, Llan-Ehiw-
bebyl, and Speddyd. Acres, 3,223. Eeal property,
£4,239. Pop., 655. Houses, 140. The property "is
divided among a fow. Glan\-wem is the se.it of Lieut.
Col. Madocks. Vron Iw was the seat of the Madocks
fiimily, and Ls now a farm-house. An ancient Brit-
ish camp is on Bryn y-Clod'Iian. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £666.* Patron,
the Bishop of St. David's. The church is dedicated to
St. Tj-mog, and is good Charitie.s, £15. The sub-
district contain.s also two other parishes, and part of an-
other. Acres, 10,063. Von., 1,326. Houses, 406.
LL.\:XDYSILIO.
95
LLANEGRYX.
LLANDV5IL. See Ll-odyssiu
LLANDVSIHO, a village and a paiish in the district
of Bangor and county of Anglesey. The village stands
on the Menai strait, near ilenai suspension bridge, and
near ileaai-Bridge ;uid Llanfair r. stations, 3 miles SW
of Beaumaris; and is a populous place, inhabited chiefly
bv Tvorkmeu in the slate quarries of Llanberis. — The
parish comprises S-7 acres of land, and DO of water; and
Its post-town is Bangor. Real property, £-3,155. Pop.
in 1S51, 1,-213; in IStil, 1,353. Ilonses, 301. The pro-
perty is divided among a tew. Hugh Lnpus landed here
in 1096; and General Mytton in 1643. The living is a
p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Llanfair-PwUg\vjn\-
eyll, in the diocese of Bangor. The old church was de-
ttieated to St. TysHio, and stood on Ben-Glas, which is
alternately a peninsula and an island; and the new church
is a recent ediSce, larger but meaner than the old one, and
stands on the mamland.
LLAlsDl'tilLIO, a village and a parish in LlanfylUn
district, iloatgomerj-. The village stands on Otfa's dyke,
on the river % ymwy, adjacent to the Montgomery canal,
the Oswestry and VVelshpool railway, and the boundary
■with Salop, near Llanymynech and Four Crosses r. sta-
tions, 6 miles S by AV of Oswestry; and is a seat of petty
sessions. — The parish includes the townships of Dom-
gay, Hanehton, Khusnant, and P.hantregynwen; and is
triverse<l by a Pioman road. Post-town, Oswestry.
Acres, 3,141. Real property, £5,803. Pop. in 1851,
557; in IS 31, 689. Houses, 130. The property is sub-
divided. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St.
Asaph. Value, £430.* Patron, the Bishop of St.
David's. The chmxh is old.
LLA^~DYSILIO, Caimarthen and Pem'n-oke. See
Llasdiisilio.
LLA2s DYSILIO, or Ll.-o.ty.5ILI0, a parish in the dis-
trict of Corwen and county of Denbigh; on the river Dee,
2 miles N VV of Llangollea r. station. It comprises the
townships of Coed'.vrg, C'yinmo, Llandynam, and Jlaesiy-
chen; and its post-town is Llangollen. Acres, 7,919.
Real prcT'irtv, £5,013. Pop. in 1851, 1,019; in 1861,
1,129. Houses, 223. LlandysUio Hall is a chief resi-
lience. The beautiful ruins cf Valle Cnicis abbey are
here, bat v.-iU. be separately noticed. Limestone and
slate are quarried. The li%-ing is a p. curacy in the dio-
cese of S-^ Asaph. Value, £115. Patron, Sir W. AV.
"\V\-nn, Bart,
LLAN'DYSSIL, a parish in the district and county of
Montgomery; near the river Severn, 2 miles SW of Jlont-
gomery town and r. station. It has a post-office tmder
Montgomery; and it includes the to^vnsliips of Rhandir-
BronywM>l, Brj-ntalch, and Bolbro. Acres, 4,071. Real
property, £5,16*7. Pop., 790. Houses, 169. The pro-
perty is much sub<livided. Woollen weaving is carried
on. Ancient British camps are on Goronddil hill and
other places. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St.
Asaph. Value, £373.* Patron, the Bishop of Llandatf.
The church was recently in disrepair. Chaiities, £10.
LLAXDY'SSIL, a -village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in New'Si-^tle-Emlyn district, Cardigan. The village
stands on the river Teifi, at the boundary with Carmar-
thenshire, and on the Carmarthen and Cardigan railway,
8 J E of Xiwcastle-I^ralyn ; and has a bridge, a railway
station, ati'i a po3t-ofSce,C under Carmarthen. A weekly
iiiarket is held on Thursday; a niontldy market, on the
third Tuei-l.iy of the month; and faire on 2 Jan., 11 Feb.,
the Thurs-lay before I'alm Sunday, the third Thursday
after that •Liy, 19 Sept., 31 Oct., and 11 Nov.— The parish
is divided into Llandyssil-Is-Kerdin, which includes the
hamlet of Llaufrenc; and Llandyaiil-lTwcli-Kerdin, which
includes tlie hamlets of Borthin, Capel-Ddowi, Fairdref,
Glandysilvid, and Llanvair. Acres, 17,550. Real pro-
perty of L-ls-Kenliu, £3,167 ; of L.-Uwch-Kerdin,
£4,91-3. IVp- "f the whjle in 1S51, 2,930; in 1861,
2,78S. Hou.-es, C32. The pn-p.ertyi-) much subdivided.
^Vllt-\T-Odvn, Waim-Ifur, Oilla.hwen, and fdanfair are
chief r»iidences- Castell-Hywel, oner a mansion, is now
afarm-honse. Ca.3tell-i;,ryn:onydd stood near the church;
3IaelgTSTii's castle stood ;.t Cilygriaig; aiul Humphrey's
castle stood on the rivulet Cletvvr. Tliere arc sevonil bar-
rows. The living is two-fold — a vicarage united with tlio
chapelry of Capel-Ddewi, and a sinecure rectory — in the
diocese "of St. David's. Value of the vicarage, +220 ;* of
the rectory £400. Patron of the former, the Bishop of
St. David's; of the latter, Jesus' College, O.xford. Tha
church is partly early English, and was recently in dis-
repair. There arc three recently erected chapels of ease,
and chapels for Independents, Baptists, Calvinistio
Methodists, Wesleyans, and Unitarians. — The sub-dis-
trict contains also four other parishes in Cardigan and one
in Carmarthen. Acres, 40,722. Pop., 5,934. Houses,
1,396.
LL.A.NEDARN, a parish in Cardiff district, Glamorgan;
on the river Rumney, at the boundary with Monmouth,
and near the South Wales railway, 5 mUes NE by N of
CardilT. Post-town, Cardiff. Acres, 2,636. Real pro-
pert}-, £2,121. Pop. in 1351, 338; in 1861, 289. Houses,
63. The propeity is divided among a few. Cevn-JIably
and Rnperra are chief residences. The living is a vicarage,
annexed to the vicarage of St. Mellons, in the diocese of
Llandaff. The church is dedicated to St. Edlyru, and
was reported in 1859 as not good.
LLANEDWEN, a parish in the district of Bangor and
county of Anglesey; on the Menai strait, near Porthamal
ferry, 3 miles S by E of Llanfair r. station, and 6.^ SW
of Beaumaris. Post-town, Carnarvon. Acres, 1,939; of
which 340 are water. Real propertj', £3,046; of which
£230 are in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 327; in 1861, 273.
Houses, 65. The property is divided among a few.
Plaa-Newydd, a modem mansion, amid finely sheltered
grounds, belongs to the Marquis of Anglesey, and is oc-
cupied by the Dowager Lady Willoughby de Broke; was
visited, for some days, by George IV., when on his way
to Ireland; and was the summer residence, in 1832, of
the Queen when Princess Victoria. Two cromlechs are
in the grounds; and one of these, till of late, was the
most complete monumeut of its kind in Wales, the top-
stone of it measuring 12 feet in length, and 10 feet in
breadth. Plas-Gwyn, to the W of Plas-Ns\vydd, was the
birthplace of the Eev. H. Rowlands, the author of
" Mona Antiqua;" but it is now called Plas-Llwynon,
and is the seat of A. C. Prettyman, Esq. Ph'ts-Coch, to
the S of Plas-Newydd, is a fine Tudor mansion of the 1 6th
century; was built by the attorney-general Hugh Hughes;
and is now the seat of W. B. Hughes, Esq. The Roman
general Suetonius crossed the Menai strait, by a bridge
of boats, at Porthamal ferry; and was fiercely resisted,
on the Llanedwen side, by a body of Druids, who seemed
to have had a chief seat here; and a sanguinary action
followed at a spot still called Rryu-Beddau, signifpng
" the hill of graves. " Agricola afterwards crossed by the
same passage; and Tacitus grapliicall}^ notices the con-
flict with the Druids, and speaks of it as a death-blow to-
their superstition. A part of Edward I.'s army, in
1232, crossed at ]\Ioel-y -don ferry, a little higher up; and
was defeated within Llanedwen parish at Tan-ben-Cefn,
where there are vestiges of an ancient camp. The living
is a p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Llanidan, in
the diocese of Bangor. The church stands on a sloping
hank, at the side of the strait; is very good; and contains
a monument to the Rev. H. Rowlands. Charities, £5.
LEANED Y, a parish in Llauelly district, Carmarthen;
on the river Llwchwr, at the boundary with Glamorgan,
and adjacent to the Llanelly and Vale of Towy railway,
to the N of Pontardulais r. station, 9i miles NE by Is" of
Llanelly. It hx=! fairs on 18 Juno and 8 Nov.; and its
post-town is Llanellv. Acres, 5,632. Real property,
£4,136. Pop., 1,086. Houses, 219. The property 'i.s
subdivided. Coal is found. The living is a rectory in
the diocese of St. David's. Value, £330.* Patron, the
Rev. D. Williams. The church is dedicated to St.
Edith; was rebuilt in 1861; is in a transition style frum
early English to decorated; and consists of nave and
chancel, with vestry and tower. Tliere are cliapels fur
Indepemlents and Calvinistio Methodists. Waltei-s, tlio
author of the " Welsh Dictionary," was a native.
LLAN'EGRY'N, a villa-o and a parish m Dolgelly dis-
trict, Merioneth. Tiie village stands on tiie river
Dyssynny, 2i miles from the coast, 3i N by E of Tovyii
liLANEGWAD.
LLANELLY.
r. station, and 12 SW of Dolgelly; .ind lias a post-office
auder Machynlleth, Jloiitgomerj'shire. — The parish in-
cludes the townships of Peuiarth and Elivdyrhiw, and
comprises 6,S19 acres. Ileal property, £-2,653. Pop.,
652. Houses, 149. The property is dirided among a
few. Peniarth is the seat of W. W. E. Wjiin, Esq. The
surface is hilly; and several parts of it command fine
views of Cader-Idris. Slate is found. The living i^ a
p. curacy in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £S2. Patron,
E. Titley, Esq. The church is dedicated to St. Egryn;
was recently restored; and contains a very fine rood-loft,
a remarkable Norman font, and monuments to the Owens.
There are an endowed school and other charities, with
jointly £105.
LLANEGWAD, a parish in Llandilo-fawr district,
Carmarthen; on the river Towy, at the inttux of the
Cothi, near the Llanarthney station of the Carmarthen
and Llandilo raUway, 8 miles W by S of Llandilo-fawr.
It contains the hamlets of Egwad, Hernia, Llechfraith,
Llechgron, Llethergele, Miros, Jlonachty, and Ystrad;
and its post-town is LlandUo, under Carmarthen. Acres,
12,330. Real property, £5,342. Pop., 1,920. Houses,
421. The property is subdivided. Much land was, not
long ago, reclaimed and enclosed. Copper ore is found.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £259. Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. 'I'he
church is dedicated to St. Eg\vad, and is gociL There
are a Calvinistic Methodist chapel, and charities £100.
LLANEIGKAD. See Ll.vneucrjU).
LLANELHAIARN. See Ll.\n.^.elhaiar.\.
LLANELIAN, a village and a parish iu the district
and county of Anglesey. The village stands on the
coast, I of a mile SW of Point /Elianus, commonly called
Point Lynas, and 2 E of Amlwch r. station. The par-
ish comprises 2,393 acres; and its post-to.vn is Amlwch,
Anglesey. Eeal property, £2,033. Pop. iu 1851, 1,295;
in 1S61, 1,2S2. Houses, 318. The property is much
subdivided. Many of the inhabitants are employed in
the Par}'s copper mine. A lighthouse stands on Point
Lynas ; and a signal station which, prior to the time of
electo-telegrapliing, had one of the semaphores in the
line of communication between Holyh^d and Liverpool,
stands on a considerable ascent about A a mile from the
lighthouse. A palace of Caswallon Lawhir, who flour-
ished about 443, stood on the same eminence as the signal
station. A spring, called Ffynnon-Eilian, was formerly
a resort of pDgrims, and held in much sujierstitious vener-
arton. The living is a rectory, united with the chapelries
of Coedanna and Rhosbeirio, in the diocese of Bangor.
Value, £400. Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The
church is dedicated to St. EUian or Hilary; occupies the
site of one erected in the 5th century; is early English,
in good condition, with a steeple; and conirdns a screen
and stalls. An old chapel ailjoius the church; measures
35 feet by 12; contains a wooden altar of the 15th cen-
tury; and is, or lately was, the scene of an annual wake
on the first Friday of Aug. There are a Calvinistic
Methodist chapel, and chariries £20.
LLANELIAN, a parish in the district of Conway and
county of Denbigh; on the coast, and on the Chester
and Pfolyhead railway, near ColwjTi r. st<itioii, and 5.^
miles E by S of Conway. It cont;iiiis the townships of
Llan, Llaithfaun, and 'Twnan; it has fairs on the Mon-
day after Easter week, 26 July, 5 Oct., and 8 Dec; and
its post-town is Colw}'n, under Conwav. Acres, 3,382.
Real property, £2,970. Pop., 548. Hou'^, 117. The
property is divided among a few. The living is a rcctorj-
in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £249.* Patron,
the Bishop of St. Asaph. The church was recently in
need of repair. There are a Calvinistic Methodist chapel,
and charities £8.
LLANELIDAJS", a parish and a sub-district in Ruthin
district, Denbigh. The parish lies near the head of the
vale of Clwyd, adjacent to the boundary with ^Merioneth,
and on the Denbigh and Corwen railway, around N'arit-
clwj'd r. station, 5 miles S by W of Ruthin; it contains
the townships of Llan, Nantclwyd, Bnncume, Garth\7i-
euvedd, and Trcwyn-Bodlowydd; and it Lis a post-oflice
under Flint. Acres, 4,900." Rated proj^rty, £5,120.
Pop. in 1851, 953; in 1861, 848. Houses, 185. The
property is divided among a few. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £300.* Patron,
the Bishop of St. Asajdi. Tlie church is dedicated to
St. Elidan, is ancient and good; and contains monuments
of the "ThetiVivLls and the Kerricks. There are chapels
for Baptists, Calvinistic Methodists, and Weslcyaus, and
charities £32. — The sub-district contains also two other
parishes. Acres, 13,840. Pop., 2,684. Houses, 5S0.
LLANELIELT, a parish in Hay district, Brecon; under
Cradle mountain, 3^ miles S byE of Glasbuiy r. station,
and 51 SSW of Hay. Post-town, Hay, under Hereford.
Acres, 5,539. Real property, £884. Pop. in 1851, 111;
in 1861, 93. Houses, 16. Most of the surface is waste
and mountain. Several old seats were on it, but were
changed into fai-m-houses. A flint spcar-head, 7 iucheii
long, and an ancient pot, have been found. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £9o!
Patron, the Earl of Ashburnham. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Ellyw. The parish shares in the Boughrood
charities at Brecon.
LLANELLEX, a parish, with a village, in Aber-
gavenny district, Monmouth; on the riverTTsk and the
Brecon canal, near the Hereford and Newport railway,
2\ milts S of Abergavenny. Post-town, Abergavenny.
Acres, 2,536. Real property, £2,529. Pop., 373.
Houses, 79. The property is divided among a few. The
li\-ing is a vicarage in the diocese of LlandafT. Value,
£105. Patron, T. Swinnerton, Esq. The church is
dedicated to St. Helen, and is old but good. Chari-
ties, £7.
LLANELLTYD, or Llanyltid, a village and a par-
ish in Dolgelly district, Jlerioneth. The village stands
on the river Maw, at the influx of the Wnion, amid
magnificent scenerj-, overhung by Cailer Idris, l.i mile
NW of Dolgelly r. station; and lias a post-oflice 'under
Corwen. Mr. Pratt saj-s respecting the scenery, — " Its
beauties are so manifold aud e.xtr.iorJinan,- that they
literally beggar description; now jiastiires of the most
exuberant fertility; now woods rising in all the majesty
of foliage; the road itself curving in numberless unex-
pected directions,— at one moment shut into a vcrdaut
recess, so contracted that there seems neither carriage
nor bridle way out of it, — at another the azure expanse
of the main ocean filling the eye; on one side, rocks
glitteriug in all the colours of that beauty which con-
stitutes the sublime, and of a height which diminishes
the wild herds that browse or look down upon you from
the summit, where the largest animal appears insignifi-
cantly minute; on the other hand, plains, vUlas, cot-
tages, or copses, with whatever belongs to that milder
grace which belongs to the beautiful." A main group of
features in this scenery is presented by the near mass of
Cader Idris, rearing its mighty head to the cloucls, aud
sending down numerous ofl'shoots, clothed with wood, to
the edge of the water. The parish comprises 6,673 acres.
Real property, £1,838; of which £60 are in mines. Pop.,
465. Houses, 103. Tlie property is subdivided. Much
of the surface is upland; and a considerable portion is
barren. Copper ore is found; and supplies of peat are
obtained. Cymmer Abbey, which we have noticed iu
its own alphabetical place, is near the vilhige. The liv-
ing is a p. curacy iu the diocese of Bangor. Value, £62.
Patron, Sir R. W. Vaughan, Bart. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Illtj'd, and is good. There is a Cah-inistic
^Methodist chapel.
LLANELLY, a parish and a sub-district iu Crick-
howell distiict, Brecon. The parish lies on the rivere
Clydach and Usk, on the Brecon ami Newport canal,
and on the Abergavenny aud Jlertliyr-Tydvil railway,
around Clydach r. station, an.l adjacent to ^Monniouth-
shire, 3 miles SSE of Crickhowcll; comprises the parcels
of Aberbaideii and Jlaesgwarlba; aud includes jiarts of
l;r}-nmaur and Clydach, — the latter of which has a post-
office under Abergavenny. Acres, 5,133. Real pro-
perty, £23,S.';3: of which £237 are in quarries, £55 in
mines, £5,023 in iron-work.s, and £1,399 in the canal.
Pop. in 1301, 937; in 1831, 4,041; iu 1S51, 9,644; iu
1861, 9,603. Houses, 2,043. The iucioase of pop..
llaxi:lly.
!>"
LI.AXKrXY.
|iiior to 1351, arose from the flouvishing coiulitiou of the
Cl^'dach iron-wDrks. The suiface includes much upland,
soiue good scenery, and two waterfalls. Part of the up-
land rises so high as 1,200 feet above sea-level; and,
though mainly bleak moor aud barren morass, and
though at the beginning of the present century alT a
sheep walk, without one human abode, is now occupied
by a large population. The valley of the Clydach ii
[lartly a gorge ; is tlauked on both sides, for a consider-
able ilistance, by limestone rock about 500 feet thick;
p.'chibits highly picturesque features, "high clifi's spring-
ing up from the water's edge, jutting out in bold relief,
coverei with brushwood, or fringed with delicate ferns;"
is wor'.'rd, in the sides, with quarries of limestone, and
with Ujines of iron and coal; and is occupied, at intervals,
with '"large iron furnaces, forges, and rolling-mills, placed
at such a depth below the road, that the traveller looks
down upoa the blackened roofs, and hears the groaning
of engines and beating of hammers, while the steam
is seen bursting out in white jets, and the smoke
rolling forth in murky clouds." The chief of the two
waterfalls is called Pwl-y-cwn, or "the pool of dogs;"
has worn some remarkable hollows in the rock ; and,
though not very high, is very picturesque. An aqueduct
of the canal crosses the Clydach at a height of 80 feet
above the stream. 'I'he living is a p. curacy in the dio-
cese of St. David's. Value, not reported. * Patron, the
Duke of Beaufort. The church is dedicated to St. Ellyw.
There are chapels for Independents, Wesleyans, and
Primitive Methodists, and charities £30.
LLANELLY, a town, a parish, a sub-district, and a
district, in Carmarthenshire. The town stands on the
river Burry, or estuary of the Loughor, at the influx of
the Lliedi, on the South Wales railway, and at the ter-
minus of the Llanelly and Vale of Towy railway, 4 miles
W of the boundary with Glamorganshire, and 17 SE
by S of Carmarthen. It was only a village so late as
about 1S13; but, in consequence of its advantageous site
near the sea, for the outlet of a large portion of the South
Wales coalfield, and for the extensive trade of the Cam-
brian copper-works, it has grown iuto a large, bustling,
and prosperous seat of population and of commerce. It
is irregularly built, but has undergone very great im-
provement. Manyoldaud unsightly habitations have been
removed ; new buildings, with ranges of handsome shops,
have been erected on their site; and large recent exten-
sions, in new streets with respectable houses, have been
formed. The chief public buildings are a town-hall, a
convenient market-house, a custom-house, a banking-
ofhce, churches, chapels, a workhouse, railway stations,
and the smelting-house of the Cambrian copper-work.s.
The parish church, near the centre of the town, is a fine
old edifice, with two steejilcs, the one terminated by a
spire, the other by an embattled turret. Three other
churches, St. John's, Trinity, and St. Paul's, are modern
erections : and another, St. Peter's, was projected in
l&Cii. The Park Congregational chapel was completed
nerir the end of 1865; is in the early decorated English
style, of furaace-dressed rubble with Bath stone dress-
ings ; has a tower and spire 104 feet high; and comprises
a lower level, with large school or lecture-room, — and an
llpp^;^ level, with the chapel-proper, containing space for
a!.Mut 088 sittings. There are chapels also for Baptists,
■W esltyans. Primitive Methodists, and Koman Catholics;
and tiiere are likewise national and other schools. Tlie
workhouse h;is accommodation for 200 inmates. The
'"ambriau copper-works are surmounted by a chimney
'- U feet liigh, which is a conspicuous object for miles
around. A head pnst-officel is in High-street ; aud a
r ceiving post-olhije.! is at the docks. There are a tele-
graph oltice ar.d throe thief inns. Markets are held on
Thursd.iy.s and Saturdays; fairs are held on HolyThurs-
■ lay, -29 July, 30 Sept., aud 11 Nov.; and there are
foundries, tiu -works, and a pottery.
Tiie harbour is protected by a breakwater; admits ships
of 1)00 tons' liunlen; and has three excellent docks, fur-
niiiud with loading' st.ige,s,_.iu admirably constrxict^d
graving duck, — and w.dl-contrivcd appliances for pre-
venting silting up. and for carryin',; on all the curront
business of the jiort. Acts for improviug and managing
the harbour, in costly n\ethods, were obtained in 1810
and 1843; and another ac*^, with further powers, was in-
tro<luced in lS,'i8,— to divert the streams, calleil the
Pwll, the Yard, and the Cille, by means of a new cut,
into the river Lliedi, for scouring purposes, — to make
three several reservoirs to discharge into the throe several
docks, — to maintain, extend, and improve the break-
water,— and to make and maintain a branch railway from
the South Wales line, near the old Castle colliery, to tho
Carmarthen dock, and to the end of the breakwater. The
chief imports are copper ore and grain; and the chief ex-
ports are coal, culm, copper cake, copper sheeting, iron,
and fire clay. Tlie por: includes, as sub-ports, Carmar-
then, St. Clears, Laugh.irne, and Pembrey. The vessels
belonging to it, at the ,?ommenoement of 18G4, were 31
small sailing-vessels, of aggregately 925 tons ; 48 large
sailing-ve.ssels, of a'.'gn-g-.itely 5,72(5 tons; and 4 steam-
vessels, of aggregately 9S tons. The vessels which cleared
in 1363, were 24 British sailing-vessels, of aggregately
5,225 tons, to British colonies; 310 British sailing-vessels,
of aggregately 35,655 tons, to foreign countries; 455
foreign sailing-vessels, of aggregately 31,704 tons, to
foreign countries; 2 British steam-vessels, of jointly 212
tons, to foreign countries; 2,164 sailing-vessels, of aggre-
gately 143,250 tons, coastwise; and 111 steam-vessels, of
aggregately 11,457 tons, coast'nise. The vessels which
entered, in 1863, were 2o British sailing-vessels, of aggre-
gately 5,533 tons, from British colonies; 6 foreign sail-
ing-vessels, of aggregately 291 tons, from British col-
onies; 271 British sailiiig-vessels, of aggregately 33,995
tons, from foreign countries; 402 foreign sailing-vessels,
of aggregately 28,861 tons, from foreign countries; 1
British steam-vessel, of 106 tons, from foreign countries;
1,275 sailing-vessels, of aggregately 77,784 tons, coast-
wise; and 123 steam-vesiels, of aggregately 12,163 tons,
co.istwise. The amount of customs, in 1862, was £2,964;
the amount of light dues, £893.
Llanelly is a borough by prescription; is mentioned in
a document of the time of Edward II. as then a borough,
but has no extant charter; and was .so ill defined in its
borough character, at the tirae of the parliamentary
boundary commission, that the inhabitants seemed
scarcely to know in what sense it was a borough. It is
governed nominally by a portreeve and burgesses; and it
unites with Carmarthen, in sending a metuber to piarlia-
inent. Its old limits were supposed to be conterminato
with what was called I.laneUy handet; but its limits,
under the reform act, include also part of Ilengoed ham-
let. It is a seat of county courts, and a polling-place.
Electors of Llanelly and Carmarthen boroughs, in 1883,
684; in 1863, 853. Pop. of Llanelly hamlet or old
borough, in 1851, 8,415; in 1861, 11,084. Houses,
2,120. Pop. of the borough as now constituted, in 1851,
8,710; in 1361, 11,446. Houses, 2,105. The increase
of pop. arose from the extension of the coal, iron, tin,
and copper trades. — The parish contains also the rest of
Hengocd hamlet, and the hamlets of Westfa, Berwick,
and tHyn. Acres, 18,075; ofwhich 2,575 are water. Keal
property of Llanelly hamlet or old borough, in 1360,
£38,821 ; ofwhich £7,049 were in mines, £11 in quar-
ries, £7,774 in railwaj~, and £250 in gas-works. Real
property of Hengoed, £5,543, — of which £350 were in
.mines, and £51 in quarries; of Berwick, £3,500, — of
which £3,545 were in nines, £5o in quarries, and .£593
in railways; of Glyn, i'2,924, — of v.hich £277 were in
mines. Pop. of the parish in 1851, 13,663; in 1S61,
17,279. Houses, 3,321. Llanelly House is the seat of
W. Chambers, Esq. ; LLingrannick House, of the Earl of
Warwick; Stnulcy, o! D. Lewis, Esq.; and Glanmor, of
1?. Neville, Esq. An ancient camp, supposed to be I'rit-
ish, is in the vicinity of the town. The head living is a
vicar;igc, united with the chapelrios of St. John and
Trinity, in the diocese of St. Davlils. Value, £'Jl). "
Patron, It. G. Thoma;, Esq. St. Paul's chajiclry is n
scp.iratc benefice, con^:ituted in 1840; the pop. within
its liniilsiu 1361, was 5,009; and the living of it is a ]>.
curacy, of the value of £150,* in the patron.ige of alter-
Ti:\t''ly the Crown and the V.ishop.
L.1.ANELLY AND VALE OF TOWY RAILWAY.
LLANERCHYMEDU.
The sub-district contains the old boroujjh and the
hamlets of Hengoed and "VVestfa. Pop., 14,619. Houses,
2,805. The district comprehends also the sub-district of
I>onghor, containing the hamlet of Berwick, and the
parishes of Llaugennech and Loughor, the latter elector-
ally in Glamorgan; the sub-district of Llannon, contain-
ing the hamlet of Gl^n, and tlie parishes of Llannon and
J.lanedy; and the sub-district of Pcmbrey, -containiug
the parishes of Pembrey and Kidwelly. Acres, 73,451.
Poor-rates in 1863, £9,2-2.x Pop. in ISol, 23,507; in
1861.27,979. Houses, 5,513. Marriages in 1S03, 229;
births, 1,140, — of which 67 were illegitimate; deaths,
509, — of which 170 were at ages under 5 years, and 24
at ages above 85. JJarriages in the ten years 1851-60,
2,023; births, 9,272; deaths, 5,065. The places of wor-
ship, in 1851, were 11 of the Church of England, wth
4,020 sittings; 13 of Independents, with 4,369 s. ; 14 of
Baptists, mth 3,072 s. ; 7 of Calvinistic Jlethodists, with
2,134 s.; 5 of Wesleyan Jlethodists, \Wth 1,005 s. ; and
1 of Latter Day Saints, with 160 s. The schools were
13 public day schools, with 1,399 scholars; 23 private
day schools, with 743 s. ; and 43 Sunday schools, with
.'5,784 s.
LLANELLY AND VALE OF TOWY RAILWAY,
a railway chiefly iu Cannarthenshire, but partly in Gla-
morganshire; from Llanelly noi-th by eastward, up the
Vale of the Lloughor, to a junction with a line from Car-
marthen, eastward up the Vale of the Towy, at Llandilo-
fawr, and thence north-northeastward, up the Towy, to
Llandovery. A portion of it at Llanelly, connected with
the docks there, was authorised in 1823; the line thence
to Landilo, with branches to Cwmamman-S[)ith, il3-nydd-
niawr, and Brynan^man, was authorized in 1835; branches
from Gelley-Gelle farm to Cylynchan and PistillLsbatf,
were authorized in 1S53; and the portion from Llandilo
to Llandovery was originally a separate undertaking, and
was opened in 1858. The main line forms a junction
with the South Wales at Llanelly, anil has an aggregate
extent of 2?j miles; and the portion from Llandilo to
Llandovery is continuous with it, and has a length of
llj miles. The two went under one management in
1853, and were united by perpetual lease in 1800. The
company were authorized, in 1861, to construct a line to
Swansea, with branches to Llanrhidian and to the Car-
marthen and Cardigan, — aggregately 30 miles long; and
were further authorized, in 1863, to construct other
works, the chief of wliich was a branch, 5 miles long, to
the S side of the S docks at Swansea; in 1864, to con-
struct a connecting-line of 4 a mile with the Great West-
em at Swansea; and in 1865, to form an extension of 2 J
miles to Mumbles. Their interests are all'ected also by
the Central Wales Extension, from Llandrindd to Llan-
dovery; by the Mid Wales Extension, from Newbridge,
near Builth, to points near Brecon; and by the ilanchester
and Milford, from Llanidloes to the Caiinarthcn and
Cardigan.
LLA.NELWEDD, a parish in the district of Builth and
county of Radnor; on the river Wye, at the boundarj'
with Breconshire, 4 a mile NE of Builth town and r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Builth, Breconshire. Acres, 2,020.
Real property, £1,345; of which £10 are in fisheries.
Pop., 227. f louses, 37. Llanclwedd Hall was an old
seat of the Gwynnes. Wellfield is the seat of E. D.
Th-jmas, Esq. ; has a beautifully wooded park, on high
ground above the Wye; and commands a tine view.
IVncerrig House, or Pcn-y-Cerig, is another seat of the
Thomas family; and luu a fine lake in its grounds. There
are remains of ancient camps. The living is a p. -curacy
in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £100.* Patron,
E. D. Thomas, Esq. The church is dedicated to St.
Jlatthew, and is beautifully situated on the Wye. There
is an endowed school, with £17 a-ye.ar: and the parish
shares in the Boughrood charities at Brecon.
LLANELWEY. See Asai-ii, St.
LLANENDDWYX, a parish in Dolgelly district,
rdi'rioMCth; on the coast, and on the Barmouth and Car-
narvon railway, 5 miles N by W of BniTiiouth. It has
a post-office, of the name of UyllVyn. under Carnarvon.
Acr-'s, 7,777; of -.vhich COO are wafir. ll'-al iin.perty,
£3,745. Pop. in 1851, 981 ; in 1861, 891. Houses,
222. The property is subdivided. Manganese is found,
and has been worked. Several Druidical remains arc on
the hills. The living is a rectory, united with the p.
curacy of Llanddwywe, in the dio'.ese of Bangor. Value,
£350.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The church U
dedicated to St Enddwyn; is an ancient stnicture; was
reported in 1859 as very bad; has ieceutly utidorgone
some repair; and was the burial-place of Jone.s of
Nanteos, one of the judges of Cl-.arles I. There are
chapels for Independents, Calvinistic Methodists, and
Wesleyans, a British school, an endowed national school
with £8 a-vear, and other charities £11.
LLAXENGAN, a parish in Pwllheli district, Carnar-
von; at the SE extremity of the Lloyn peninsula, be-
tween St. Tudwalls bay and HeU's Mouth bay, 7 miles
SW of Pwllheli, and 24 SW of Nantlle r. station. It
contains the villages of Llanengan and Abersoch, each
of which has a post-office, under Pwllheli. Acres, 4,354;
of which 633 are water. Pop., 1,021. Houses, 236.
Trwyn-Cilan headland, between the two bays, shows in-
teresting scenery; and other parts also are picturesque.
The coast is swept by currents, much dreaded by
marinei's; and the part of it on the E side of Hell's Mouth
bay was the scene of the shipwreck of the "Transit"
in 1839. Lead mines are at Penrhjn-mawr. Three
ancient camps, and some other antiquities, are within
the palish. Two small islands, called St. Tudwalls, lie
off the E coast; and one of them h;is niins of an ancient
chapeL The living is a rectory in the diocese of Bangor.
Value, £450.* Patron, the Bishop of Llandaif. The
church is dedicated to St. Einion; occupies the site of
one built in the 6th century; is a fine structure of the
eariy part of the 16th century; was recently restored;
contains a ver^" richly carved screen; and has bells said
to have been brought from Bardsey. Charities, £6.
lyf^ANEXGHEN'EL. See Ll.vntxghknkpl.
LLAXERCHAYRON, a parish in Abcrayron district,
Cardigan; on the river Ayron, 2 miles SE of Abera\Ton,
and 11 NW of Lampeter r. station. Post-town, Aber
ayron, under Carmarthen. Acres, 1,606. Real jiroperty,
£9SS. Pop., 228. Houses, 50. The property is divided
among a few. Llanerchayi'on House belonged to the
Parrys, and passed to the Lewises. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £73.
Patrons, the Earl of Lisburne and the Lewis family. The
church is tolerable.
LLANERCH-DERWEN. See Derw-en-Ltaneecu.
LLANEKCHFYDDA, a township in Llanymowddwy
parish, Merioneth; 4^ miles NE of Dinas-Mowddwy.
Ileal propeity, £646. Pop., 174.
LLANERCHGOEDIOG, a township in Towyn and
TalylljTi parishes, Jlerionath; near Towyn. Real pro-
perty, £518. Pop., 64.
LLAXERCHILA, a township in Llansaintdi-aid parish,
Montgomerv; 4| miles ENF, of Llanfyllin. Pop., 94.
LLAXERCHLLWYDOG. See LLANYrcuLwvDOo.
LL^iNERCHROCIIWELL, a toivnship in Guilstield
parish, ilontgomeiy; within Welshpool borough. Real
property, £1,971. Pop., 215.
LLANERCHRUGOG, a place in the SE of Denbigh;
2 miles NNW of Ruabou.
LLANERCHYDOL, a township in Wcl.shpool parish,
Montgomerv; 1^ mile W of Welshpool. Pop., 232.
LLANERCHYMEDD, a small to\ni, a ville, and a
chf-pelry, in the district and county of Anglesey. The
town stands on the Anglesey Central railway, near the
source of tlie river Duhis, 14 miles EXE of Beaum.aris;
consists chiefly of two streets, crossing each other at right
angles; is a seat of petty sessions; and has a station on
the railway, a post-ollice* under Bangor, and a good inn.
A weekly market is held on Wednc^d.iv; fairs are held
on 1 Jan., 10 ilarch. 4 Apnl, C May, the three Wednes-
days before 7 Aug., 14 Aug., 2 Oct., and 13 Nov.; the
manufacture of snulf, in imitation of Lundyfoot, is
ciiTied on; and rope-making and hide-curing employ a
few hands. — The ville is part of the town, and coniprise.-f
15 acres. Pop., 07. Houses, 14. — The cliapelry in,
eludes the villi-, and parts of the parislu'S of Amlwch-
LLANERCHYMUI.-?.
99
LLANFAES.
OwToJog, Llechcvnfiir«ydil, and lihodiK'oiJio; mid was
coortituted iu ]So3. Pop. in ISiil, l.ltii. Houses, 289.
Pop. of the Aralwch portion, 73-1; of the C-wredog por-
tion, 11; of the Llcchcynfarn^dd portion, 150; of tho
J::.cdf>jj..-idio portion, 20:^. The property i.s rauch sub-
iliriioJ. I Iwydi.'irth is the seat of the Lloyd familv,
and has besutifully wooded gi-ounds, in which is a fii-
rnouj rot-king-.stnne, locally called Artluir's Quoit. The
liviiig is a p. curacy, united with the chapelries of
O-.rreJog and Rhodo'^'eidio, in the diocese of Bangor.
Value, not it?ported." Patron, the IJi-sliop of Bangor.
The church w.\s recently restored; and has a tower with
a deep embattled jiarapet. There are chapids for Inde-
I-^ndents, Baptists, and Calvinistic llethodists, and a
uatioual sch^xil.
LL.V_NERCHYMKIS, a township in Llansaintffraid
l^arLsh, Montgomerj-; 6h miles E of Llanfyllin. Pop.,
12S.
LLAXEPiFYL, a village and a parisli in Llanfyllin
dLstrict, llontgoiuery. The village stands on the river
I^nw, near the Sarn Sws Roman way, 5 mUes NW by W
of Llanfair, and 10 SW of Llanfyllin r. station; and tas
a pcst-otfice under Welshpool. The parish includes the
townships of Cefnllys-Isaf, Cefnllys-Uchaf, Crane, Llys-
sin, Coedtalog, and Cenlwyll. Acres, 16,255. Real pro-
ptrty, £5,251. Pop., 885. Houses, 183. The property
13 chiefly divided between two. Newadd-Wen was the
seat of ileredydd ap Cynan; and Llyssin was the seat of
the Herberts. JIucIi of the siuface is bleak upland.
Traces exist of copper ore. An ancient circular rampart,
ecclosing an area of about 70yard,s, overlooks the village;
another ancient fortiiication is at 5Ioelddol-wyn; numer-
ous barrows are on the hUls; and three pools, at one of
whichisastonainsciibedwith the date 14.30, are on Llyn-
ydd-Dnim. The lining is a rectory in the diocese of St.
Asajih. Value, £435.-^ Patron, the Bishop of St. Da-
vid's. The church is dedicated to St. Erval; and is early
English, in fair coniition. A stone with a very old in-
£'-ription, and a well formerly reputed holy, are near the
church. There is an endowed school, with £32 a-year.
LLA2CEL'GRAD, a parisli, with a village, in the dis-
trict and county of Anglesey; near Red Wharf bay, 5|
miles E of Llanerchymedd r. station. Post-town, Pen-
tmeth, under Bangor. Acres, 2,C05. Real property,
£1,095. Pop., 27G. Houses, 65. The property is di-
vided between two. There are an ancient manor-house
and park, with a curious Tudor pigeon -house. Lime-
stone and marble are found. Rodcric JIawr obtained a
victory here, in 803, over the Danes. The living is a
icctory, united with the p. curacy of Llanallgo, in the
diocese of Bangor. Value, £210.*' Patron, the Bishop
of Llaudaff. The church is dedicated to St. Eugrad,
and wa? recently restored. Charities, £3.
LLAXFABOX, a parish in Jlerthyr-Tydvil district,
Glamorgan; on the rivers Talf and Rumney, near the Talf
Vale railway, the Merthyr-Tydvil canal, and the bound-
a;y with ilonniouth, 5} miles NNW of Caerphilly. It
contains the hamlets of Garth and Glynrumney; and its
P'-iit-town is Ponti-jiridd. Acres, 5,369. Real property,
£11, 015; of -srhich £30 are in quarries, and £8,184 in the
canal Pop. in ISol, 1,925; in 18C1, 2,360. Houses,
43?. The sniface is hilly. The living is a vicarage in
the diocese of Llaudaff. Value, £12''0. Patrons, the
Dean and Cliapter of Llandatf. The church is dedicated
t.i St. Mabon; was rebuilt in 1863; is in the early geo-
metric pointed stylo; and consists of nave, chancel, and
ve.Jtry.
LLAXFACHRETH, a village and a parish in tlie dis-
trict and county of Anglesev. The village stands on tlie
river Alaw, ne.ir Holyhead bay, 4 miles K of Holyhead;
and h.-LS a ]wst-ofnc.> under Holyhead. The parish com-
prii« 1,40/ acres of land, and 300 of water. Real pro-
perty, £1,825. Pop., 532. Houses, 118. The projierty is
divided among a few. Much of the land is under culti-
vaiion. Tlie living is a n-cton,-, united with the p. cura-
cies of Lla:.yngheneJl and Lbnfig.itl, in tho diocese of
}!angor. Value, £638.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor.
The church is (irdieat.-d to .St. M.ukracfh, and was"ix-
1 urt.d in 1.S59 ;is b.id.
LLANFACHRETH, a village and a i)arish in Dol-
gelly district, Jlerioneth. Tliu village stands on the
river Slawddach, at the N foot of Jloel-Orthrwm, 3i
miles NNE of Dolgelly r. station; and has a post-office
under Corwen, and fairs on 22 April, 30 June, 15 Aug.,
and 23 Oct. The parish comprises the town.ships of
Uannau-Isafon.and Xannau-Uwchafon. Acres, 10,000.
Real property, £5,333; of which £272 arc in mines, and
£17 in fisheries. The property is divided among a few.
Nannau is a modern mansion, the seat of John Vaughan,
Esq. ; was built by the late Sir Robert Vauglian,
Bart. ; succeeded au ancient edifice, which was the resi-
dence of Hywel Sele, the relation and foe of Owen Glen-
dower; and stands in a very large park, extending sev-
eral miles up the Bala road, and to the foot of lloel-
Orthrwm. A spot, now occupied by a sun-dial, within
the park, was the site of an ancient oak, 27 feet in girth,
popularly regarded as the haunt of evil spirits, and de-
stroyed by lightning in 1813. The death of Hywel Sele,
at the hand of Owen Glendower, occurred in the vicinitv
of that spot; and his body was hid in a hollow of th">.-
tree, and not discovered for upwai'ds of 40 years. The
place is still viewed by the country people with supersti-
tious dread; and it was selected by Lord Lytton as the
scene of his romance of Arthur : —
" Of evil fame was Nannau's antique tree.
Yet styled the hallow oak of demonrie."
Moel-Orthrwm commands a magnificent view, similar to
that from Cader-Idris; and is crowned with a strong an-
cient fortification, surrounded by a stone rampart, — hav-
ing two entrances, protected by outworks, — and contain-
ing traces of cyttiau. Moel-Cynwch is another height ;
Llyn-Cynwch is a preserved lake; and the l^ecipice-
walk is a charming path on the way from Jloel-Cynwch
to the Mawddach. Much of the land is waste ui>land
and hill pasture. Copper ore has been worked. The
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Bangor. Value.
£92. Patron, John Vaughan, Esq. The "church was
partly restored in 1820, and is good. There are two
Calvinistic Siethodist chapels, and charities £9. I! ice
Jones, the Welsli bard, was a native.
LLANFAELOG, a village and a parish in the district
and county of Anglesey. The village stands near the
coast and near Ty-Croes r. station, 3.} miles >.W\V of
Aberffraw. The parish contains also the hamlet of Pen-
gomisiog; and its post-town is Gwindy, under l-langefni,
Anglesey. Acres, 2,732; of which 430 are water. "Real
)iroperty, £1,889. Pop., 763. Houses, 172. The pro-
jierty is subdiWded. There are two cromlechs. }*Iany
of the inhabitants are employed in fishing. The living
is a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Llanbeulan, in
the diocese of Bangor. The church is dedicated to St.
Maelog; is a modern structure; and occupies the site of
one built in the 7th century. There is a Calvinistic Me-
thodist cliapel.
LLANFAELRHY3, a parish, with a village, in Pwll-
heli district, Carnarvon; at tho extremity of the Lleyn
peninsula, under Mynydd-Rhiw, adjacent to Hell's Mouth
bay, 12 miles SW by W of Pwllheli, and 27 SW of
NantUe r. station. Post-town, Aberdaron, under Pwllheli.
Acres, 1,679. Real property, £1,075. Pop., 20.'i.
Houses, 40. There are manganese mines. The living
is a p. curacy, annexed to tho vicarage of Aberdaron, in
the diocese of Bangor. The church is dedicated to St.
Maelrhvs. Chaiilie.s, £14.
LLANFAENOR. Sec Ll.vkvanos.
LL.\NFAES, or Ll.^nvaes, a parish in the district of
Bangor and county of Anglesey; on Beaumaris bay, and
jiartly within lieauinaiis borough, 1 mile N of Beauma-
ris, and 6.^ KE of Menai-Bridge r. station. Po.st-town,
Beaumaris, Angles'^y. Acres," 2, 29 7; of which 1,057 are
water. Po])., 243. Houses, 55. Pop. of the 15. bor-
ough portion, 192. I'lonsps, 43. The i.roperty is divided
among a few. Huron Hill, near Beaumaris, is the scat of
Sir U. I!. W. Bulk- ley, Bart. Tho Friars is another
house bidonging to him; and took its name from a Fr.'.ii-
cisean fruiry, I'oimdc:!, in 1237, by Llewelyn ajj .lorwelh,
to the meinorv of his wile .)inin. Tlie" lii;ii v v. ^is le-
LL.VNFAETHLY.
LLANFAIR-DYFFRYN-CLWYD.
fouudtHl by Edward III.; suffered great daniafje in the
wars of Owen Glendower; and was given, at the disso-
lution, to the Whytes. Four monuiuents anciently in it
were carried off-to Beaumaris, Llanbeblig, Llandegai, and
Penm)Tiydd , and a stone coffin, said to have been that of
the Princess Joan, was used for upwards of 200 yeai-s as
.1 horse trough, and afterwards taken into careful preser-
vation. Heullvs, situated on wooded banks above the
church, is the seat of J. L. Hampton Lewis, Esq. ; and
has an ancient bedstead, which belonged to Owen Tudor.
Tro'rCastell, near the shore, within Penmon, is mainly
a recent mansion, but includes portions of an ancient
one of the time of Edward I. ; and that ancient one was
a chief seat of the Tudor family, and supplied from its
cellars some famous metheglin to Queen Elizabeth. Tros-
vr- Afon, also within Penmon, is the seat of R. Williams,
Esq. Castell-aber-Llienawg, situated on a ri-sing ground
densely covered with thicket, likewise within Penmon,
is a square fort, with a circular tower at each angle; was
founded, in 109S, by Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, when
he oveiTan Anglesey; and was occupied in 1645. A san-
guinary battle was fought within Llanfaes parish, be-
tween "the Welsh and the Saxons under Egbert; and it
probably gave rise to the name Llanfaes, as a corruption
of Llanmaes, which may be taken to signify "the meet-
ing place of the battle field." The coast is suffering some
abrasion by the sea; and skulls and bones are occasion-
ally washed out from a portion of it, and are supposed to
be relics of the battle. The living is a p. curacy, united
with the p. curacy of Penmon, in the diocese of Bangur.
Value, £153. Patron, Sir R. B. W. Bulkeley, Bart.
The church was rebuilt in 1S45, is in the decorated Eng-
lish style, has a broach sjjire, and contains anuori.d
bearings of the Whytes. Charities, £33.
LLANFAES, Brecon. See D.yvid (St.), Brecon.
LI.A.NF.-\ETHLY, a parish in the district and county
of Anglesey; on Holyhead bay, 5 miles NE of Holyhead
r. station. ' It has a post-office imder Holyhead. Acres,
2,6'29; of which 230 are water. Real property, £2,294.
Pop., 415. Houses, 100. The property is divided among
a few. A station of the Holyhead and Livenwol
semaphore telegraph line was here. Fuller's earth is
found. The living is a rectory, united with the p.
curacy of Llanfwrog, in the diocese of Bangor. "N'alue,
£636.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The church
is dedicated to St. Maethlu, and is tolerable. Chari-
ties, £9.
LLANFAGLAN, or Llant.vgladzn', a parish, with a
village, in the district and county of Carnarvon; on the
llenai strait, 2 miles SW by S of Carnarvon r. station.
I'ost-town, Carnarvon. Acres, 1,884; of which 612 are
water. Real property, £1,231. Pop., 253. Houses,
48. The property is divided among a few. The living
is a p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Llanwuda, in
the diocese of Bangor. The church is dedicated to St.
Baglan, contains an ancient inscribed stone, and was re-
cently in a very dilapidated state.
LLANFAIR, aWel )h name signifying "Mary church,"
and applied to places nhere there was or is a church dedi-
cated to St. Mary.
LLANFAIR, a railway station in Anglesey; on the
Chester and Holyhead railw.ay, near Llaufair-PwllgwAU-
gjU village, between the Britannia Bridge and the Gaer-
wen Junction.
LLANFAIR, a sub-district in Llanfyllin di.strict,
Montgomery; containing Llanfair-Cacreinion parish, and
live other parishes. Acres, 71,059. Pop., 6,375. Houses,
1,2S9.
LLANFAIPw, a parish in Festiniog district, Merionctli;
on the coast, and on the Barmouth and Carnarvon rail-
way, 1 mile S of Harlech. Post-town, Harlech, under
Carnarvon. Acres, 5,196. Real property, £1,943.
Pop., 426. Houses, 83. The property is much sub-
divided. The seaward views are very fine ; aud that
toward Harlech is one of the most beautiful in Wales.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Bangor. Value,
iiuO.* Patron, theBi.shop of Bangor. Cli.irities, £5.
Archbishop Baldwin and Giraldus slept here in 1188.
Edmund Pits. \\ ho Iranslatcd the Psalms into Welsh,
was a native; aud E. WjTine, the autJior of "Baidd-
Cwsg," was rector.
LLANFAIR, Brecon. See Builtii.
LLANFAIR, Cardigan, &c. See LL.\NVAir..
LLANFAIRARYBRYX, a parish and a sub-district in
Llandovery district, Carmarthen. The parish lies on the
Sarn Helen way, on the Llandovery and Knighton rail-
way, and on the rivers Bran and Towy, it the S end of
Cikuni forest, 1 mUe N of Llandovery; has a post-office
of the name of Llaufair, under Carmarthen; and contains
the hamlets of Rhandir-Abbot, Rhandir-lsaf, Rhandir-
Canol, and Rhandir-Uchaf. Acres, 23,457. Real pro-
pertv, £9,405; of which £2,500 arc in mines. I'op. iu
1851, 1,705; in 1861, 1,559. Houses, 30-3. The pro-
perty is not much divided. There are lead mines, be-
longing to the Earl of Cawdor. A Roman camp is on an
eminence round the site of the church, and has furuished
Roman coins, bricks, and other relics. The name Llau-
fairarybryn signifies "Mary church on a lull." The
living is a vicarage, annexed to the vicarage of Llaudin-
gat, in the diocese of St. D.avid's. The church is toler-
ablv good. — -The sub-district is conterminate with the
parish.
LLANFAIR-CAEREINION, a small town and aparish
in Llanf3dlLn district, Montgomery. The town stands
on the river Einion, 8.| miles WSW of AVelshpool r. sta-
tion, and 11 NW of ^Montgomery;. takes the latter part
of its name from the ancient British camp of Castell-Caer-
einion, about 3 miles to the E : is neatly buUt and pictur-
esquely situated; forms a good centre for anglers in the
Banw, the Eiuiou, and the Vyrnwy; is a seat of petty
sessions and a polling-jilace; and has a post-olhce,J under
Welshpool, two good inns, a town-hall, a church, five
dissenting chapels, and charities £6. The church is
early English, contains the eliigies of a knight, and was
about to be restored in the early part of lSi«7. A weekly
market is held on Saturday; and fairs are held on
Shrove-Tuesday, the Saturday before Palm -Sunday, IS
May, 26 July, 3 Oct., 1 Nov., and the Friilay before
Christmas. 'I'he parish contains the to'.vn.slkips of Brjm-
elen, Bnnglas, Dolgead, Gelligasson, Gwaenynog, Hen-
iarth, Kylviiich, Llaulodian-Isaf, LlanloilianUchaf, Pen-
arth, Pentvrch, Rhewhirieth, and Rhosallo. Acres,
16,157. Rated property, £10,052. Pop. in 1851,
2,727; in 18(;i, 2.584. Houses, 543. The property is
subdivided. The surfivce is undulating, aud vises toward
the S into small hills. A Roman way traversed the par-
ish ; and numerous Roman coins and other relics were
found in 1740. There are two woollen factories. The
living is a \-icarage in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value,
£358. * Patron,"the Bishop of St. A.saph.
LLANFAIR-CLYDOGAC, aparish in Lampeter dis-
trict, Cardigan; on the river Teirt, 3 miles NE of Lam-
peter r. station. Post-town, Lampeter, under Car-
marthen. Acres, 4,815. Real property, £1,586. Pop.,
614. Houses, 128. The property is divided among i*
few. The manors beloug to the Earl of Lisburne Aua
Lord Carrington. Lead mines are ou Lord Carrington's
estate, and have yi'-lded a large quantity of silver. Cop-
per ore also is found. The Teift is crossed by a biidge
here. Standing stones, cairns, and ancient camps abound
in this parish, and in the neighbouring one of Cellan;
and indications exist of a jimctiou with the Sarn Helen
Roman way. The living is a p. ciira''y in the diocese of
St. Band's. Value, £05. Patron, alternately the Earl
of Liiburne and Lord Carrington. The church was re-
cently in disrepair.
LLANFAIR-DYFFRYN-CLWYD, a pari.sh in Ruthin
district, Denbigh; on the upper part of the river Ciwyd,
adjacent to the Denliigh, Ruthin, and Corwen railway,
2 miles SE of Rutliin. It has a post-oHicc under Ruthin;
and it contains the townships of Derwen, Llaneroh,
Euaith, Favnol, and Garthg)-nan. Acres, 5,028. ■ Real
property, £7,423. Pop., 1,263. Houses, 272. The
manor belongs to the Bishop of Bangor. An ancient
camp, called 'Y Caerau, occupies about 7 acres. The liv-
i;.g is a vicarage in the diocese of St. Asaph. . Value,
£300. Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph. The church
is later English, has some stained gla.ss windows, and
T.LANF.UKFECHAN.
LLAXKAIli-YN-ENDWI.L.
eoatains some o'.J monuments. The cliapclry of Jesus
Chawl U a sepirite ckiige, a p. curacy of the value of
i^O." in the patvonafreof K. Parry, Esq. Charities, £87.
" LLAXFAIUFECHAN, a villa;,'e and a parLsli in Ban-
"or district, Carnarvon. The village .stands on the coast,
ail'acent to the Chester and Holyhead r;;il\vay, under
P'iV.maeu-Mavvr, 64 miles E by N of Bangor ; is a pretty
iikce; and has a station on the railway, and a post-otlicet
under Bangor. The parish comprises 4,255 acres of land,
and •2,-2'io of vrater. Real property, £-2,S22. Pop. in
1«51, S09; i.i lf=61, 1,199. Houses, 23t. The incre.ase
of pop. arose from the extension of stone quarrying, the
innux of summer visitors, and extensive improvements
f tficted by J. Piatt, Esq. The property is much suh-
riivided. Host of the water area is in the Laven sands,
reiimaen-irawr rises to the altitude of 1,545 feet; pro-
jects boldly to the shore; presented serious difficulties to
the forming of the railway round its foot; and is crowned
by the ancient British fort of Braich-y-Ddinas, with
traces of circular uncemented stone walls about 12 feet
thick, and traces also of cyttiau. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Bansor. Value, £4-30.* Patron, the
Bishop of Bangor. The parochial church i.s good ; and
there is a chapel of ease for service in English.
LLANFAIK-IN-BUALLT. See Builth.
LLA:?^FAIR-IS-GAER, a parish in the district and
' county of Carnarvon; on the ilenai strait and on the
- Carnarvon railway, 2i miles XE by N of Carnarvon. It
eoitjins the village of Brj'nff>-non and the seaport vUlage
; of Po-c-Dinorwig, the latter' of which has a post-office
■ under Camar\-on. Acres, 2,474; of which 565 are water.
Keal property, £2,312. Pop. in 1851, 687 ; in 1861,
1,060. Houses, 201. The increase of pop. arose from
t;:e extension of slate quarrying; and 120 of that in
liOl were persons on board "vessels. The property is
divided amons: very few. PL'is-Llanfair is a chief resi-
dence. Pcrt-Dinorwis is a shipping place for slates from
'■ ti;e Snowdonian quanies; and is reached, through t!ie
' jiarish, by a tram railway. A Koman camp was on the
coa--t, immediately above the site of the church: and
hence the name Llamair-Is-Gaer, which signifies " JIary
church under a fort." Agricola crosseil hence to Angle-
sey. The livin? is a p. curacy in the diocese of B;inL;or.
■ Value, £77. Patron, the Bisliop of Ban;;or. The church
■was rebuilt in 1SC5; is in the early English style, of local
stone, faced with Xewry granite and with AVrexham
St me; comprises nave, transept, and chancel, with vestry
r.n I bell-turret : and has a memorial E window to the
• 1.:-° J. G. Gri:Bth. E>q.
LLANFAIR-JL'XTA-HARLECH. See LuiNFAii;,
M-rioneth.
LLAXFAIR-MATHAFARX-EITHAF, a parish, with
a vilk','e, in the district and county of Anglesey; on Red
V."harf bav, 5 miles E of Llanerchyraedd r. station, and
7 \VNWof Beaumari?. Post-town, lieaumaris, Anglesey.
•Veres, 1,949; of which 35 are water. Real property,
£1,577; of which £25 are in quarries. Pop., 757.
Hf uses, 182. The property is much subdivided. Col-
oured marbles and millstones are quarried. The living
is a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Llanddyfuan,
i:i the diocese of Bangor. The church is good. The
cluirchyard contains a mutilated ancient cross, and a
tnodern camedd or artificial cavern, used as a bury-ing-
j-'.ace. Goronu-y Owen, the Welsh bard and linguist of
the Ixst Century, was a native.
LLAN'FAIR-NAXT-GW'Y.V, a parish in the district
of Cardigan and county of Pembroke; on the river Ne-
vem, UD'irr Menydd-Pieselley, 6 miles S of Cardigan r.
station. Post-town, Cardigan. Acres, 1,GS3. Real
jii-operty, £l,OoS. Pop., isa. Houses, 38. The pro-
■ perty is di'idded among a few. Quaitzose rock abounds
in the valley; and hence the name Naut-Gwyn, signi-
fvin" " the white vale." The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of St. D.'.vid's. Value, £70. Patron, T. Bowcii,
Esq. The church is good.
LLAXFMR-NAXT-Y-GOF, a pari.sh in Haverford-
west district, Pembroke; on tlie river Gv.ayne, 3 mih;s
.■^ by E of Fishguard, and 10 NW by N of Clarbe.^ton-
Ki-ad r. station' Post-town, Fishguard, under Haver-
fordwest. Acres, 2,597. Real property, £1,457. Pop.,
245. Houses, 47. The living is a p. curacy, annexed
to the rectory of Letterston, in tlie diocese of St. David'.s.
LLANFAlll-01-tLl..WYX, a parish in Kewcastle-in-
Emlyn district, Cardigan; on the river Teifi at the
boundary with Carmarthenshire, 4 miles E by N of New-
castle-Endyn r. station. Post-town, Newcastle-Emlyn,
under Carmarthen. Acres, 1,744. Real property,
£1,16S. Pop., 427. Houses, 93. The property is
divided among a few. The living is a rectory in the dio-
cese of St. David's. Value, £155. Patrou, the Bishop
of St. David's. The church is good.
LLAXFAIR-PWLLGWYNGYLL, a village and a par-
ish in the district of Bangor and county of Anglesey. The
village stands near the Chester and Holyhead railway, and
near the Menai strait, 5 miles SW of Beaumaris; takes
tiie latter part of its name, signifying "raging pool,"
from the Swelly rocks whirlpool in the strrxit; and has a
station, of the name of Llanfair, on the railway, and a
post-office, of the name of Llanfair-Pwllgwyngyll, under
Bangor. — The parish contains also the small seaport of
Pwlifanog. Acres, 952; of which 100 are water. Rea!l
property, £1,403. Pop. in 1851, 758; in 1861, 695.
Houses, 170. The property is divided among a few.
Plas-Llanfair is the seat of Lord Clarence Paget. Plns-
Ne-ivydd demesne, the seat of the Marquis of Anglesey,
noticed in our article Llaxedwex, also is adjacent. Craig-
y-Ddinas, a rocky eminence, 260 feet high, commands a
very rich panoramic view; was formerly crowned with an
ancient camp; and is now surmounti'd by a column 100
feet high, commemorative of the military career of the
late ifarquis of Anglesey, and bearing aloft a colossal
bronze statue by X'oble, set up in the autumn of 1360.
Building-stone is quarried and shipped. The living is a
rectory ,"united with the p. curacy of Llandysilio, in t'ae
diocese of Bangor. Value, £250. Patron, the Bishop ot
Bangor. Tlie'church is cluelly modern; retains a portion
of an old churcii. with a remarkable ap.se; and has a fine
bi'oach spire, 'i ,.e churcliyard contains an obelisk to the
memory of the workmen who died during tlie coustuic-
tion of the Menai bri'lje.
LLAXFAIR-TALHAIARX", a vill.ige and a pari-h in
St. Asaph district, Deuliighshirc. Tlie village stands on
tl'" river Elwy, opposite the wooded i>ark of Garthewin,
ai.iid beautiful scenery, 6 miles S.SWof Abergele r. .sta-
tion, aiiil SJ \VX\V of Denbigh; and has a post-otiiee
under Abergele, Denliiglisliire, and an inn. — The parish
includes the townshii'S of Barog, Botreal, Bryscoed,
Brodrachwi,-n, Bont, Cornwall, Drcbach, Jlolai, Pyslly-
goed, Talhaiarn, Trcbarog, Cilie, Cynnant, and Garthewin.
Acres, 11,114. Real property, £5,766. Pop. in 1S51,
1,386; in 1801, l,3.i0. Houses, 200. The property is
divided among a few. Garthewin is the seat of B. \V.
Wynne, Esq. A moated seat of licdd Jlohn-nog, a
prince of one of the ancient Welsh tribes, was within the
parish. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St.
Asaph. Value, £326.* Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph.
The church is dedicated to St. Talhaiarn, is in good con-
dition, and contains monuments of the Wynnes. Char-
ities £22.
LLAXFAIR-TREF-HELY'GEX, a parish in New-
castle-in-Eml}Ti district, Cardigan; near the river Tcili
at the boundary with CaTmartheush ire, 5 miles X'E by X'
of Newcastle-Emlyn r. station. Post-town, X''ewcast!e-
Emlyn, under Carmarthen. Acres, 648. Real property,
£375. Pop., 81. Houses, 19. The living is a rectory,
annexed to the vicarage of Llandyfriog, in the diocese o£
St. David's. The church h.as long been in ruin.
LLAXFAIR-YN-EXBWLL, a parish in the district
and county of .iVnglesey; ou the strait opposite Holy
Island, ami on the Chester and Holyhead railway, near
Valley r. station, 5 miles SI- of Holyhead. Post-town,
Holyhead. Acres, 1,279; of which 220 are water. Real
property, £357. Pop., 357. Houses, 79. The property
is much subdi\ided. Two pools arc near the church, and
gave rise to the name Yn-Enbwll. The living is a p.
curacy, annexed to the rectory of Rhoscolyn, in the dio-
cese of Haii;;or. The chureh is curly perpendicular Er.g-
lish, and good.
I.LANFAIR-YN-GHOKNWY.
LLANFIHAXGEL.
LLANFAIR-\Ts^-GHOUNWY, a parish in the Jiotrict
and county of Anglesey: near Camlyu bay, TA milw NW
nf L1anereh\-medd r. station, and 74 NE by N of Holy-
head. Post-town, Gwindy, under Llangefni, Anglesey.
Acres, 2,135. Keal property, £1,718. Pop., 293.
Houses, 58. The property is divided among a few.
Verd-antique, asbestos, and soapstone are found. The
antii^uities are CListell-Eouiu Danish caiiip, and nieini-
hirion or hero stones. The living is a p. curacy, an-
nexed to the rectoiy of Llanddausaint, in the diocese of
Ban"-or. The church has traces of Norman, was reported
in 1859 as not very good, and contains monuments of
the WOliamses.
LLANFAIR-YN-Y-GWMM\VT), a parish in the dis-
trict of Carnarvon and county of Anglesey; on the river
Brain, 2 miles NE by N of Newborough, and 3^ SW of
Gaerwen-J unction r. station. Post-town, Newborough,
under Bangor. Acres, IGG. Keal property, not sejxir-
ately returned. Pop., 57. Houses, 8. The property is
divided among a few. The living is a p. curacy, annexed
to the vicarage of Llanidan, in the diocese of Bangor.
The church is good.
LLANFALLTEG, a parish in the district of Narberth
and counties cf Pembroke and Canuarthen; on the river
TafF, and on the South Wales railway, near Narberth-
Road r. station, and 4 miles NE by N of Narberth. It
contains the vUlage of Hyreth; and its post-town is
Narberth. Acres of the Pembroke portion, 418; of the
Carmarthen portion, 1,443. Real property of the whole,
£1,775. Pop. of the P. portion, 60; of the C. portion,
287. Houses, 12 and 70. The property is subdivided.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of St. David's.
A'alue, £205. Patron, the Bishop of St. David"s. The
church is dedicated to St. Malltcg, and is good.
LLANFARETH- See Llanv.-vrf.th.
LLANF.WVR, or Ll.vnfou, a village and a parish in
Bala district, Merioneth. The rilhige stands on the river
Dee, ne.ir its efflu.x from Bala lake, and adjacent to the
Corwen, Bala, and Dolgelly railway,— which was iu course
of formation in 18G7, — 1 mile NE of C.ila; and has fairs
on 14 Aug. and 20 Sept. — The parish is divided into the
townships of Bettws, Ciltalgarth, Garn, Llan, Nantller-
diog, Punmaen, Rhiwaedog-lsafon, Rhiwaedog-Uwchafou,
and Uchedro. Post-town, Bala, under Conven. Acres,
20,030. Real property, £8,235. Pop. iu 1851, 1,719;
in 1861, 1,531. Houses, 308. Most of the property is
in one estate. Rhiwlas, a tine old mansion, is the seat
of the Price family; and stands amid grounds traversed
by the rapid ri\'ulet Tryweryn, running to the Dee. A
battle was fought within the parish between the Saxons and
Llywarch-Heu. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of St. Asaph. Value, £306. * Patron, the Bishop of St.
Asaph. The church is early English, in very bad con-
dition; and contains monuments of the Prices. A new
church was in contemplation in 1867. The p. curacy of
Trinity, or of Rhos-y-Gwalia, is a si^parate benefice; and
serves for a chapelry which was constituted in lSo6, and
had a pop. of 356 "in 1861. Value, £158. Patron, the
iiishop of St. Asaph. A part of the chapelry ol St.
Jlark, or of Frou-Goch, also is within tlie pari-h, and, in
ISOl, had a pop. of 413. A part of the chapeliy of St.
James, or Llawr-y- Bettws, constituted in 1S63, like\i-ise
is within the parish. Charities, £73. Llj-werch-llen,
the poet and wanior, who lost 24 sons in battle, and
died at the age of 150, is said to have been buried in the
parish church.
LLANFECII.-\N, a village and a pari.sh in LlunTylliu
district, ilontgomory. The village stands on tiie river
Cain, adjacent to the I.lanfyllin railway, 3^ mUes Yj of
Llaufylliu; and has a station on tliu raihvay, and a post-
office under G.=5\vestry. — Tlie parish contains the town-
ships of Codyvol, Trerllin-Issa, Trerllan-LToha, Tre-Lys,
and Ystviug)-niion. Acres, 4.462. Rated property,
£4,392. Pop., 649. Houses, 141. Tlio property is
nuiuh subdivided. Bodyvol House is the seat of R. B.
JI. Maurice, Es<i.; Bryngwyn is the scat of 2^1. Williams,
E.s(i. ; and Brougain was tlio seat of the Griffiths. There
are ancient British camps, and a reputed holy well. The
living is a rectory iu the dincise of St. .•\siph. Vil'i',
£500. * Patron, the Bishop of ELindaJT. The church is
tolerable; and there are charities £12.
LLANFECHAN, a township in Tregynon parish,
Montgomery; 4.} miles N of Newtown. Ileal property,
£2,880. Pop., 237.
LLANFECHAN, a township in Llanwrin parish,
Montgomery; in the vale of the Dvfi, 3^ miles NE of
Machynlleth. Real property, £1,016.
LLANFECHAN, Brecon. See Ll.A-N-.\fax-F£CH.v.n'.
LLANFECHEI.L, a village and a parish in the dis-
trict and county of Anglesey. The -village stands near
the coast, 5 miles WSVv' of Amlwch, and 5j NW by N
of Llanerchymedd r. station; was once a market-town;
and now has a post-office under Bangor, and fairs on
Holy Thm-sday, 5 and 25 Nov., and 26 Doc. — The par-
ish contains also the village of Tregele, and comprises
3,637 acres. Real property, £1,730. Pop. in 1851,
1,085; in 1861, 958. Houses, 245. Yerd-antiq^ue is
Ciuarried, and soapstone is found. Some of the inliabit-
ants are employed also in the Parys copper mines. There
are a broken cromlech and several meini-hirion. The
liring is a rectory in the diocese of Bangor. Value,
£300.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The church is
dedicated to St. Slechell; and is later English, in good
condition. Charities, £11, and poors' cottages.
LLANFEDDIGED, a township in LlangehTiin parish,
Merioneth; 4:5- miles N of Tovvyn. Pop., 93.
LLANFEDW, a hamlet in Michaelstone -le-Ycdw
parish, Monmouth, 6 miles SW of Newport Real pro-
pertv, £1,962. Pop., 293.
LLANFEllRAS, a pari.sh, with a vilkige, in Ruthin
district, Denbigh; on the river Alyn. 4 miles SW of
Mold r. station, and 5i ENE of Ruthin. Post-town,
Mold, Flintshire. Acres', 3,754. Rfal property, £5,466;
of which £3,000 arc iu mines. Pop., 754. Houses, 156.
The property is all in one estate- Lead mines are largely
worked. The summit of a hdl-range, to the S of the
vUlage, commands a fine view of the v.de of the Alyn
and of the town of Ruthin. The living is a rectory in
the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £313.* Patron, the
Bishop of Llandatf. The church is dedicated to St.
Berres, and is good. Charities, £20. Dr. Davies,
author of the Welsh and Latin dictionary, was rector in
1630.
LLANFFINAN, a parish in the .fistrict of Bangor and
county of Anglesey; 2^ miles ESE of Llangefni r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Llangefni, Anglesey. Acres, 1,267.
Real property, £1,041. Pop., 133- Houses, 26- The
property is divided between two. Plas-Peumyuydd is a
house of the 14th centur}% and was the birth-place of
Owen Tudor, who married Catherine of France, the
\Nidow of Heiuy V. Limestone is worked The living
is a p. curacy, annexed to the p. curacy of Llanfihangi I-
Esceifiog, in the diocese of Bangor. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Finnan; stands in a very picturesque situa-
tion; and is a modern edifice, in very poor imitation, of
Norman. The parish shares in some school and alms-
house charities of two neighbouring parishes.
LLANFFLEWYN, a parish in the di.strict :md county
of Anglesey; 6 miles NW of Llancrol.ymedd r. station,
and 8 NE of Holyhead. Post-tovai, Gwiiul}-, under
Llangefni, Anglesey. Acres, Li-JS. Real property,
£1,094. Pop., 128. Houses, 20. Some Roman anti-
quities have been found; and there a:e traces of anciei'.t
camps. The living is a p. curacy, .inne.Ked to the rec-
tory of Llanrhydcllad, iu the diocese of Baugor. The
church is dedicated to St. Flcwvn, and is very ancient.
LLANFFVD. See L.impheV.
I..LANFiC^AEL, or Li,ANifG.\lL, a parish in the dis-
trict and county of Angle.^ej-; on the river Alaw, 3i miles
.NE by N of Valley r. station, and 5i E of Holyhead.
Post-tov/n, Holyhead- Acres, 4Sl. Real property,
£723. Pop., 121. Houses, 27. The pro[ierty is divided
among a few. The living is a p. cunwy, annexed to tho
rectory of Llanfachreth, in the diocese of Ba7fg"r. Tho
church is tolerable; and there is a Cah inistic Methodist
chapel.
LLANFIHANGEL, a Welsh word signifying "Mi-
chael churoh," a:i'l applied to places where a church «,!.■<
I.LAXFIHANGF.L
LLANFlHAXOtL-ESCEIFlOU.
Dr is Je<!i;ated to St Michael. It is c'iuivaluut to the
Scv-.ck Kirknii>-hael.
rXANFlHAXClKL, a bimlet in Llanfihan;;el-Bo-n-
PaViian j-ariih, lireoon; on the river Wye, 5 J miles NW
..fBuiltii. Acres, 3,395. Pop., 24t5. Houses, 54.
LLANFIHANGKL, a hanilet in Talley pari.sli. Car-
7:iJrthea ; 5 J Liilw MW of Llatigattock. Pop., witli
IJ-.hvi, 255.
LI-.\XFIHAXGEL, a rail'xay station in Monmouth;
on the Hn-eforJ aaJ Abergavenny railway, 1 mile SSW
Llaa'-iliantjel-Cruc&rney, and 4 N by E of Abergavenny.
LLA^CFIHAXGEL, a railway station in Cardigan;
rn tbe Aberysfwith and Webb Coast railway, in Llan-
tiiLingelGecear-Glyun parish, 6 miles NNE of Aberyst-
with.
LLANFIH ANGEL, orLi_vNFnj.o.-GEL-YN-G\\^SF.^
a parish in Llarifyllin district, Montgomery; oa the
Caer iiws llomau way, 5 miles SW by W of Llanfyllin
r. slition. It cuutains a village of its own name; is cut
into two divisions, lower and upper; and includes the
to".m,ship3 of Cefncieisiog, Cydvmfa, Dolwar, Fachwen,
Farchwell, Fynuonarthwr, Garthucha, Halfen, Llaeth-
bwlch, Llwydiartb, Naaty-Candy, and Rhiewlas. Post-
town, Lljufvllin, under Oswestry. Acres, 10,005. Real
property, £5,002. Pop., 950. Houses, 171- The sur-
I'ac* is Lilly, and much of the land is enclosed. The
jarish was formerly part of Gwynt'a, within the princi-
■jialitv of PoivTsland. The living is a rectory, in the
diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £401. Patron, the Lord
Chancellor. The p. curacy of Pont Dolanog is a sepa-
rate benefice. There are an endowed school, with £18
a-year, an apprenticing charity of £10 a-year, and other
charities £?.
LLAXFIHAXGEL-ACEEBYTHYCH, a parish in
Llaniilo-fawT district, Caixiarthen; on the river Towy,
near the iniin.T of the E^-tbie, and on the Carmarthen
a.id Llan'iiio-fawr railway, 3 miles SW by W of Llaudilo-
f.'.wr. It contains the banders of Llan, Berrach, Bryn-
gT."yuj, Calliver, Cathargoed, Cathilas, Cilygernant, and
Glynn; and its post-town is Llandilo, under Carmarthen.
Acres, 6,03-3. Eiil property, £4,22(5. Pop., 824.
Houses, 192. The manor belongs to the duchy of Lan-
caster. Dryslv.-yu Castle, Dynevor Castle, Golden Grove,
and GrongjT hill are in the neighbourhood. Good lime-
stone is found. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese
of St Darid's. Value, £72. Patron, Earl Cawdor. The
cijUTca was built in 1617.
LL.V.VFniANGEL-ABERCOWlN', a village and a
puriih iu the district and county of Carmarthen. The
viEige stands on the river Tall, at the influx of the
Co-nyn, 2 miles X of L.^ughame, and 3 SSE of St. Clears
r. station; is a considerable place; and ha.s fairs on 12
May and 10 Oct. The parish contains also the vil-
l.-.:;e ff Pentre; and its post-to .vn is Laughame, under St.
iSi'sdTi. Acres, 5, ISO. Peal property, £6,555; of which
£110 are ia quarries. Pop., S93. House?, 187. The
]>roperty is divided among a few. The li-ving is a p.
ciLra.';y, anhescd to the ncarage of ilydrim, in the dio-
cwe of St. David's. The church is tolerable. Three
rnicly sculptured stones, called the Pilgrims' stones, are
m ths churehyi^rd. There are chapels for Cahinistic Jle-
th'-^iists and Wtrslevaus, and charities £10.
LLANTIHAXGEL-ABEUGWESSIN, a parish, \rii'.i
a small villa.^-^, in P.uUth district, Brecon; on the river
Irroa, it the iniiii.'c of the Gwessin, under Dnigarn
mouritain, 12 i;;iles W by X of Builth. Post-town,
.''.Liiltli, Brocon^hire. Acres, 6,83(j. Peal property, £6'y^.
Pop., 355. Hf'uses, .".3. The property is dividui amuii'.;
a ie-.v. Lwyn Mad..c is a cliief rMidence. Most I'l'
the land is .'iioorish :i::d m jun'aiaous. Dnigarn niouii-
tiJD has an altitude of 2,071 feet. Slate and lead ore are
fonn 1. Thj living is a p. cr.r.icy, united v,ith the p.
rum"y of L!anddeva-.\bcrg-.ee=s;n, in the dioceso of St.
L'.ivi I's. Value and patron, not r -i-jrled. Tha chun-h
is tolerable. Uliaritie^, £l:j.
LLANFniANGEL-Al:-.\ItTH. a village and a parish
in tha district of Newoa.?tle-i!i-i;:uIyn ami county of Ciu-
iiiarthen. The vill.ige stands on the river Teiii, at the
Lonnd.irj- -xAh drd-gin, n.;ir I'.'ii.nd'r r. >t:itii,n, 12
miles E of Newcastle-Emlyn; and has a bridge, and fairs
on 12 May and 10 Oct. The parish contains also the
hamlets of Blacnan, Cwmarles, Gwyddil, G^\-yddgnig,
Pencader and Vro ; and its post-town is Carmarthen.
Acres, 15,993. Ecal projierty, £G,507. Pop. in 1S51,
1,836; in ISOl, 1,795. Houses, 419. llpvel was de-
feated here in 1030, by Grufydd ab Llewelyn; and
Henry II. received here, in 1162, the submission of Rhys
ab Grufydd. There are some barrow.s. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £150.
Patron, T. Elliott, Esq., alternately with AV. P. Lewis,
and W. O. Brigstoke, Esqs. The church stands on a
site with a fine view; and the churchyard contains a
monument to " Ulcaciuus filius Senomacili. "
LLANFIHANGEL-BACHELLAETH, a parish in
P%vllheli district, Carnarvon; in the Lleyn peninsula,
under Carn-Fadrin, 5 miles W by S of Pwllheli, and 19
SW of Nantlle r. station. Post-to\vn, Pwllheli. Acres,
2,915. Real propert}-, £1,8S1. Pop., 312. Houses,
63. The property is not much divided. A seat of the
Gwynedds was here. Carn-Fadrin has an altitude of
1,290 feet The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the
rectory of Llanbedrog, in the diocese of Bangor. The
church is tolerable.
LLANFIHANGEL-BEGinLDY. See Beouildt.
LLANFIHANGEL-BRYN-PABUAN, a parish in
Builth district, Brecon; on the rivers Wj-e and Wherwi,
and on the Llanidloes and Builth railway, 51 miles XW
of Builth. It contains the hamlets of Llauhhangel and
Rhosferig; and its jiost-town is Builth, I'.reconshire.
Acres, 4,715. Real property, £917. Pop., 34L Houses,
63. Parc-ar-Irvon is an old seat of the Lloyds. A min-
eral spring, with a small pump-room, is ne:ir that {dace.
Good trcut-fishing is got in the rivers. The living is j
p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Llanafau-fawr, in
the diocese of St. David's.
LLANFIHANGEL - CASTELL - GWALTER. See
LL.VXFinANGEL-GENEUR-GLTXX.
LLANFIHANGEL-CILFARGEN, a parish in Llan-
dilo-fawT district, Carmarthen; on the river Dulas,
an affluent of the river Towy, 5 miles WNW of Llan-
dilo-fawr r. station. Post-town, LlandUo, under Carmar-
then. Acres, 516. Real property, £411. Pop., 5S.
Houses, 10. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, £113. Ration, Earl Cawdor. The
church was reported in 1859 as not very gO'.id.
LLANFIHANGEL-CKUCORXEY. See Li.a.xvi-
iiangel-Cruoorxey.
LLAXFIHANGEL-CWMDU, a parish in Criekhow. 1
district, Brecon; onanatiluont of thcriver Usk, andon the
Via Julia montana, under the Black nioantaius, 4\ miles
XW by X of Crickhov.el, and 74 S by E of Talgarth r.
station. It is divided into the parcels of Blayney,
Cenol, Cilwych, and Tretower; and it contaius the vil-
lage of Cwmdu, which has a post-oHice under Crickhowel.
Acres, 10,068. Real property, £5,987. Pop., 1,056.
Houses, 240. Penni^'arth is a chief residence. 'I'retower
Castle was the seat of the Picards, lords of Ystradyw ;
was fortified in tli" time of Henry IV'.; and now con-
sists of merely a circular keep, and some ruinous walls.
Tretower Court is a mansion of the loth century, and
presents some good features of later English architecture.
Vestiges of a Roman station, called the Gaer, contiguous
to the Via Julia, are a short way above Cwmdu village.
Roman coins, bricks, and other relics have been found.
The living is a rectoiy in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £40. Patron, the Duke of Beaufort. The church
was rebuilt in 1830; luis an embattled tower; and in-
cludes a Roman st(me, brought from the Roman station,
and bearing an inscription to "Catacus. " The p.cunicy
of Tretower is a separate benefice.
LLAXFlllAXGEL-E.SCEIFlOG, or LL.\XFinANCi:i--
PK.s'Tr.E-Br.uw, a jiarish in the district of Bangor and
county of Anglesey; on the river Cefni, 2 miles SE of
Llangt-fid r. station. It contains the village o.'Gaeriben;
and its post-town is Llangefni, Anglesey. Acres, 2,SS'^'.
Rojd proi>erty, £3,176. Pop. in 1S51, 1,161; in ISO],
1,026. Houses, 251. foal mines are lirre; and thev
(■leniiJUniiMt, by n v;iil-.v:iy, 7 miles long, witii lied M'lr.rf
LLANFIHANGEL-FECH AN.
101
I,LAXFIHANGEL-TItE-'R-BEIRDD.
Ixiy. Tlie living is a p. curacy, united with the p. cu-
racy of Llanffinan, in the diocese of Ban;,'or. Value,
£120. Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. I'iie church is
ancient. Charities, £9.
LLAXFIUANGEL - FACII. See Ll.4.xfiuaxgei,-
Heltgex.
LLANFIHANGEL-FECHAX, a chapelry in Llan-
defailog-fach parish, Breconsliire; on tlio river HondJu,
5 mUes N of Brecon r. station. Post-town, Brecon.
Acres, 2,211. Real propertj-, £1,2:".8. Pop., 17S.
Houses, 33. Castell JIadoc belonged to the Powells,
passed to the Prices, and commands a fine view. A
bridge spans the Ilonddu; and an ancient British camp
is at Altarnog. Tlie living is a p. curacy, annexed to
the rectory of Llaudefailog-fach, in the diocese of St.
David's. The church contains monuments of the
Powells.
LLAXFIHANGEL-GENEUEGLYNN, or Ll.^-vfi-
hakgel-Castell-Gw ALTER, a parish chiefly in Aber-
ystwith district and partly in Machynlleth district,
Cardigan; on the coast between the rivers Dyfi and Leri,
opposite the Sarn-Gwallog, and on the Sarn-Helen way
and the Aberystwith and Welsh Coast railway, round
Llaufihangel r. station, 6 miles NNE of Aberystwith. It
contains a considerable %'illage of its oivn name, and in-
cludes the townships of Henllys, Cynnill-mawT, Cen-
lanymaes-mawr, Cyfoethybrenin, TjTj-mynach, and Sc}'-
borycoed. Post-to\vn, Aberystwith. Acres, 32,825; of
which 2,680 are water. Rea'l propertj', £11,673. Pop.
in 1851, 3,926; in 1801, 3,979. Houses, 802. The pro-
perty is not much divided, Gogerthan is a chief resi-
dence. A castle was built in the parish by Walter Long-
sword, the founder of Kiricham abbey ; and was de-
molished in 1135. Lead ore ha.? been mined in the hills.
A cromlech called Gwely-Taliesin, or Taliesin's bed, is
on Pen-Saru-Ddu; and there are many other Dniidical
remains. Some of the inhabitants are employed in
llannel-weaving. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of St. David's. Value, £221. •* Patron, the Bishop of
St. Dand's. The church is later English, crucifonu, and
good. The p. curacy of Eglwj-s-fach is a separate bene-
tice. There are a Calvinistio Methodist chapel, and a
slightly endowed school.
LLANFIIIAKGEL-GLYN-MYFYB, a parish in the
district of Corwen and counties of Merioneth and Den-
bigh; on the river Allwen, 6J miles NW of Corwen r.
station. Post-town, Corwen. The ilerioneth portion
consists of Cefnpost township; and the Denbigh portion
comprises the townships of Gysulog, Lh'san, and Maesjr-
Odyn. Acres of the M. portion, 3,53S; of the D. por-
tion, 66-t. Eated property of the whole, £1,920. Pop.
of the M. portion, 70; of the D. portion, 394. Houses,
1 6 and 67. Tlie property is much subdivided. Jlost of
tlie surface is hill and pasture. The living is a rectory
ill the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £215.* Patron,
the Bishop of St. Asaph. The church is tolerable. Tlie
name Glyn-Myfyr, or Glyn-y-Mj'vyr, signifies "the vale
of meditation," and gave name to Jones's " MyrjTian
Arclutology."
LLANFIHANGEL-HELYGEN, or Ll.^xfihancf.l-
Facii, a pari.'ih in Rhayader district, Radnor; on tlie
livere Ithon and DcJais, i miles W of Penybont r. sta-
tion, and 5.J SE by tj of Rliayader. Post-to\vn, Peny-
liont, liadnorshire. Acres, 1,459. Real property, £664.
Pop., 110. llou.ses, 18. The property is divided among
a few. The living i-i a p. curacy, united with the p.
curacy ofLlanyre, in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
£250. Patron, alternately the Bishop of St. David'ti
and the Vicar of Nantmel. The church is good.
. LLAiS"FIHANGEL-L.A.NTARNAM. See Ll.axvi-
h.^-ngel-Lantaukam.
LLANFIIIANGEL-LLEDROD, or Llan-pihangel-
LLETilYii-TnoED, a parish in Treg:\ro!i district, Cardigan;
on the river Ystwitli, ni'ar a railway which was in coun-e
of formatiun in 1S66 from the Central Wales line to
Abeiystwith, Jind 7 miles NXW of Tregaron. It con-
tains a village of its own name, and is divided into the
townships of Lower Lledrod and Upjier Lledrod; audits
po%t-to\vn is Aberystwith. Acres, 8,602. Real pmperty,
£3,436. Pop., 1,125. Houses, 239. The property is
subdivided. The manor belongs to the Crown. Ffos-y-
Bleddeiad was a seat of the Lloyds, and is now a farm-
house. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, £112. Patron, the Bishop of St.
David's. The church contains a monnment to the poet
Evan Evans, author of " Specimens of the Welsh Bards;"
and was recently in diitepair.
LLANFIHANGEL-XANT-BRANE, a parish, with n
small village, in the district and county of Brecon; on
the river Bran, an affluent of the Usk, 8 miles NW by
W of Brecon r. station. Post-town, Brecon. Acres,
9,161. Real property, £2,516. Pop., 453. Houses,
96. The propert}' is salxlivicled. — The parish is cut into
two sections. Lower and L'pper. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £66. Pa-
trons, the Cuheirs of the late W. Jeffreys, Esq. The
church is tolerable; and there is a Calvinistic ^Methodist
'lLANFIH.A.XGEL-XA:S'T-MELLAN. See Llakvi-
UAKGEL-NAXT-ilELLAN.
LLANFIHANGEL-XEAR-ROGGIET. See Ll.v.\vi-
nAXOEL-NEAK-ROGGIET.
LLANFIHANGEL- NIGH -USK. See Llaxvi-
HANGET.-XICH-USK.
LLANFIHANGEL-PENBEDW, a parish in the dis-
trict of Cardigan and county of Pembroke; at the head
of the river Neveni, 4| miles SE of Cardigan r. station.
Post-town, Cardiijan. Acres, 2,410. Rated property,
£1,252. Pop., 2'S7. Houses, 228. The property "is
much subdivided. Kilrhue belongs to the Lloyds. The
living is a rectoiy in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
£89. Patron, the I.^rd Chancellor. The cliurch ia
gooil.
LLAXFIHAXGEL-PEXTRE-BERW. See Li.axfi-
HANGEL-EscEIFIOG.
LLAXFIHAXGEL-POXT-Y-MOILE. See Llanvi-
nAXOEL-PoNT-Y-Mo!LE.
LL.ANFIHANGEL-RHO.S-Y-CORX, a parish in the
di.strict of Lampeter and county of Carmarthen; on aij
affluent of the river Cothi, 10 miles X\V of Llandilo-
fawr r. station. Post-town, Cannarthen. Acres, 9,012.
Real property, £2,201. Pop., G34. Houses, 146. The
property is much su'odivided. Forest was a seat of the
Rudds, and is now a f.irm-house. Most of the land is
hill and mountain. Tlie living is a p. curacy, annexed
to the vicarage of Llanllwny, in the diocese of St.
David's. The church is gool.
LL AXFIH AXGEL-RYDITHON, a parish and a town-
ship in Knighton district, Radnor. The parish lies be-
tween the rivcre Amn and Ithon, adjacent to the
Knighton and Central Wales railway, 3 miles NE of
Penybont, and 6i XW of Xew Radnor. Post-town,
Penybont, Radnorshir-?. Acres, 3,207. Real property,
£2,266. Pop., 378. Houses, 65. The surface was once
a forest; and much of it is still unenclosed. The living
is a p. curacy, anne.xe'l to the p. curacy of Llandewi-
Ystradenny, in the diocese of St. DaWd's. The town-
ship includes all the y^irish of Llanfihangel-Rydithon,
and part of that of Llandewi-Ystradenny. Pop., 404.
Houses, 6S.
LLAXFIHAXGEL-TAL-Y-LLYX, a parish in the
district and county of Brecon ; on the Hereford and Bre-
con railway, and on Llyn-Savaddan lake, 5 miles E of
Brecon. Post-to\\-n, Brecon. Acres, 1,233. Real pro-
perty, £1,305. Pop., 149. Houses, 36. The manor
belonged to B* rnard Xewmarch; passed to the Wahvj-n.*,
the Wynters, the PhiUipses, and others; and belongs
now to the Bolds of Hamlin Hall. Llyn-Savaddan lake
is about 2 miles long, and 1 mile wide ; and all'ords good
fishing in perch, pike, and other fish. The name Tal-y-
Lljn signifies "the head of the lake." The living is a
rectory in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £15Sl
Patron, the Rcv. Ilu-h Bold.
LLAXFIHAXGEL-TRE-'R-BEIRDD, a village and
a parish in the district and county of .\nglesey. Tlie
village stands 2 miles E of Llanerchyracdd r. station ;
was a favourite retreat of the Welsh bards; took from
that circumstance the latter part of its name ; and luis a
1J.ANTIHANGEL-TYN-SYLWV.
105
LLANFROTflEN.
poit-oQice under Hangor. — The parish comprises 1,570
acres. Real property, £1,221. Pop., 056. Houses, 82.
The properry is JivitleJ amon>^ a few. A cromlech, with
a taUe-stoue 10 feet long and S feet broad, is on Hodifon
lull ; and another, of small size and in a fractured .state,
L? near l!an-.is. The living is a p. curacy, aiine.Ked to
the rectory of I-landyfrydo:;, in the diocese of I'angor.
The church is later Englisli and single-aisled, and was
recently in disrepair. An ancient cro.ss is in the church-
vard.
' LLANFIHANGEL-TOR-Y-MYNYDD. SeeLLA^ni-
iiaxgel-Tor-y-Mtnydd.
LLANFmANGEL-TVN-SYL\\rY, a parish in the
district of Bangor and county of Anglesey; on the coast,
4 miles N by W of Roaumaris, and 8i NNE of Llanfair
r. station, it includes part of Beaumaris borough. Post-
town, Beaumaris, Anglesey. Acres, S.'BS. Real propert}',
*!472. Pop., 54. Houses, S. Pop. of the part in Beau-
r.iaris borough. 6. Limestone is quarried. There are
an ancient British camp, called Dinas-Sylwy, and part of
a sTone circle, popularly called Arthur's Kound Table;
and coins of Nero and Vespasian have been found. The
living is a p. curacy, annexed to the p. curacy of Llan-
goed, in the diocese of Bangor.
LLANFIHANGEL-UWC'H-GWILLY', a chapelry in
Abergwilly parish, Carmarthenshire; 5i miles ENE of
Carmarthen r. station. Post-town, Abergwilly, under
Carmarthen. The statistics are returned with the parish.
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St. David's.
Vflue, £75. Patron, the Vicar of Abergwilly.
LLANFinANGEL-Y-CROYDDIX, a village, two
townsliips, and a parish in Aberystwith district, Car-
digan. The village stands on an affluent of the river
Y'stwith, near a railway which was in course of formation
in lSo*> from the Central Wales line to Aberystwith, and
74 miles SE by E of Aberystwith; and is neatly built
and of considerable size. The townships are Lower L.
and Upper L. Acres of Lower L., 6,592. Real pro-
perty, £3,330. Pop. in 1S51, 931; in 1861, 978.
Houses, 195. Acres of Upper L., 15,961. Real pro-
pertv, £6,326; of which £4,103 are in mines. Pop. in
1551, ],3SS; in 1S61, 1,796. Houses, 342. The in-
cre.ise of pop. arose from the extension of lead-mining.
— The parish consists of the two townships; and it in-
cludes the chapelry of Eglwys-Newydd, which is contei-
minate with Upper L. , and has been separately noticed.
I'ost-town, Aberjstwith, The property of Lower L. is
divided among a few. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese ci St. David's. Value, £184. Patron, the
Bishop of St. David's. The church is tolerable; and
there is a Calvinistic Methodist chapel.
LLANFIHANGEL-YN-HOWYN, a parish in the
district and county of Anglesey ; near Cymmeran bay,
and on the Chesrcr and Holyhead railway, near Valley
r. station, 5i miles SE of Holyhead. Post-town, Holy-
head. Acres, 1,404; of which 830 are water. Real
I^roperty, £624. Pop., 222. Houses, 41. The property
is macli su'odivided. The living is a p. curacy, annexed
to the rector}- of Rhoscolyn, in the diocese of Bangor.
The church was reported in 1859 as veiy bad.
LLAXFIHANGEL-Y-PENNANT, a parish, with a
village, in the district of Festiniog, and county of Car-
narvon; under Moel-llebog, adjacent to the Carnarvon-
.shire railway, 4 miles NW by N of Tremadoc. It in-
cludes tb.e hamlet of Cenin; and its post-town is Trenia-
d'x:, under CarnaiTon. Acres, 8,841. Real property,
£1,736; of wliich £100 are in (piarries. Pop. in 1851,
665; in 1661, 753. Houses, 141. Brynkir is a chief
residence. Moel-IIebog has an altitude of 2,584 feet.
The living is a rectorv in the diocese of Bangor. Value,
£127. Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. Charities, £3.
LLA>"FlHAX(;KI,-Y-PE.N'NAN'r, a parish in Dol-
gelly district, Merioneth; on the river Dysynwy, under
i'.i.ier-Idris, 6 niile-s E of l.Kvyngwril r. station, mid 8
S\V of Dolgelly. It contains the townships of Llan-
Jlu-ydan, Maestrufnant, and Uwchygarreg, and part of
Ceciris; and its pcst-town is Dolgolly, under C'orwcn.
Acre.s, 8,321. Rated pr'-perty, £1,900. Pop, 368.
Hou.se.s, S3 Tlio property is subdivided. C'acrbcrllan
Hall is a chief residence. Beve or Toberri fort was built by
Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester; and was captured from
Llewelyn by William de Valence. Cader-Idris is the
graml feature, and li.is been separately noticed. The liv-
ing is a p. curacy in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £46.
Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The church contains an
old font, and is good.
LLANFIHANGEL-YSCEIVIOG. See Llanfiu.vx-
GEL-ESCF.IFIOO.
LLANFIHANGEL - YSTERN - LLEAVERN. See
LLANVIIIANGEL-Y.STEnX-LLEWERN'.
LLANFIHAiNGEE-YSI'RAD, a village and a parish
in Aherayron district, Cardigan. Tlie village stands
near the river Avtou, 6,^ miles SE of Aberayron, and 6J
N \V of Lampeter r. station. The parish contains also
the village of Capel; and its post-town is Lampeter,
under Carmarthen. Acres, 7,467. Real propert}',
£4,287. Pop., 1,162. Houses, 261. The property is
divided among a few. Remains of a Runic pillar arf> it
ilaes-Mynach. The li\iug is a vicarage in the diocese
of St. David's. Value, £96. Patron, the Bishop of St.
David's. The church is ancient and tolerable, and has
an ancient font. There is an Independent chapel.
LLANFIHANGEL-Y-TRAETHAU, a parish and a
sub-district in Festiniog distinct, Merioneth. The par-
ish lies on the coast, at the mouth of the river Dwyryd,
and on the Barmouth and Carnarvon railway — which was
completed about the end of 1866 — 3| miles N by E of
Harlech. Post-town, Harlech, under Carnai-von. Acres,
7,567 ; of which 2,656 are water. Real property, £5,107.
Pop. in 1851, 1,587; in 1861, 1,637. Houses, 3S5.
The property is divided among a few. The surface near
the river is marshy, and inland is hilly. A battle was
fought, in 1073, at Bron-yr-Erw, between Trchaern-ah-
Caradoc and Grufydd-ab-Cynan. The li\'ing is a rec-
tory, united with the p. curacy of Llandecwyn, in the
diocese of Bangor. Value, £210. Patron, the Bishop
of Bangor. The church occupies a pleasant site; suc-
ceeded one which was founded in the time of King Ed-
gar, by W. Dermae de Deler ; has a monumental stone
of that person ; and is good. The p. curacy of Penry-
hyn-Dendraeth is a separate benefice. There are two
chapels for Calviiiistic Slethodists. The Festiniog work-
house is here; and, at the census of 1861, had 32 in-
mates.— -The sub-district contains also four other par-
ishes. Acre.s, 31,954. Pop., 3,653. Houses, 813.
LLANFILO. See Lla.nvillo.
LLANFIRXACH. See LL.vKFvr.NAcn.
LLAN FOIST, a village and a parish in Abergavenny
district, Monmouth. The village stands adjacent to the
Brecon and Abergavenny canal, under the Blorenge, and
near the river Usk, 1^ mile SW of Abergavenny; com-
mands a charming view of Abergavenny, and of the
Skyrrid and Sugarloaf mountains ; and has a post-office
under Abergavenny. The parish comprises 3,233 acres.
Real propert}', £10,713; of which £2,000 are in mines.
Pop., 1,472. Houses, 263. The property is divideil
among a few. Llaidoist House is a chief residence. Tho
Abergavenny hounds are kenneled in tho parish. The
living is a rectoiy in the diocese of Llandatf. Value,
£280.* Patron, the Earl of Abergavenny. The church
is dedicated to !jt. Faith, and is good. A part of the par-
ish, containing a pop. of 1,016, is included in the chaj)el-
ry of Blaenavon.
LLANFOIiDA, a town.ship in Oswestry parish, Salop;
near Offa's dyke, 2 miles SW of Oswestry. Real property
£23,333; of which £500 are in mines. Pop., 304. Llan-
forda House is the scat of H. B. W. Wynn, Esq.
LLANFRENE, a hamlet in Llandj'ssil parish, Cardi-
gan; 7i miles E of Mewe.xstle-Endyn. Pop., 589.
LLANFKOTHE.N, a village and a parish in Festiniog
district, Merioneth. The village stands near the river
Traeth-Mawr, and near the Carnarvonshire railway, 6,^
miles NN'E of llarhich ; and has a post-office under Car-
narvon. The jiari.ili comprises 7,355 acres of land, ami
127 of water. Real ju-operty, £2,846; of which £20 are
in quarries. Pop. , 8:10. Houses, 156. Much land w.w
reclaimed from the sea, in 1810, by JIaddocks of Tnny-
ralt. Ilonian li'lics have been found at YnvsGwvddi.1.
LLANFWROG.
106
LLANGADFAN.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Banjor. Value,
^115.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The church is
dedicated to St. Brothen. There are a Calvinistic
3Iethodist chapel and a school.
LLANFRYiS^AGH. See LLANVKYNAcn.
LLANFUGAIL. See Llanfigaf.l.
LLANFWROG, a parish in the district an', county of
Anglesey; oa Holyhead bay, 3i miles ENE of Holj'head
r. station. Post-town, Holyhead. Acres, 2,017; of
•which 395 are water. Real property, £l,5d0. Pop.,
2i6. Houses, 49. The property is dividcti among a
few. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to rhe rectory
of Llanfaethly, in the diocese of Bangor. The church is
iledicated to St. Mwrog, and is ancient and indiflerent.
There is a Calvinistic Methodist chapel.
LLANFWROG, a parish in Ruthin district, Den-
bigh; on the river Clwyd, and on the Denbigh, Ruthin,
and Corwen railway ; containing pait of Ruthia borough,
and including the tou-nships of Pen-y-Cotd, Cil-y-Gro-
estwyd, BodljTigharad - Isaf, Bodljiigharad-Uchaf, and
Caltegfa. Post-town, Ruthin, Denbighshire. Acres,
3,068. Piated proper^, £4,455. Pop., 1,425. Houses,
355. Pop. of the part in Rutiiin borough, 1,151. Houses,
293. The property is not much divided. Pool Park is
a seat of Lord Bngot, was lebuilt in 1828, and is in the
Tudor style. Woodlands, and Plas-Newydd also are chief
residences. The living is a rectory in the dicicese of St.
Asaph. Value, £45t5. Patron, the Bishop of St. David's.
Tlie church is double-bodied, and has some rather singu-
lar arcades. There are a Baptist chapel, an hospital with
.tIlOO a-year from endowment, and other charities £9.
The hospital is for ten poor persons, was erecte-d in 1703,
and was founded and endowed by Lady Jane B<agot.
LLANFVLLIN, a small town, a parisli. a district,
and a hundred, in i[ontg(3meryshire. The town stands
on the river Cain, at the terminus of a branch of the
Cambrian railway, 9 miles W by S of the jnuction of
that branch with the main line at Llanymynt-;h, and 15
NW by N of ilontgomery ; is a neat and pleai.int place,
vdih a principal street running E and W ; w.is chartered
by Llewelyn ap Grufydd, in the time of Ed\i"ird II. ; is
governed l)y a high steward, a recorder, 2 baili;:V, 14 bur-
gesses, a to\vn-clerk, and 2 sergeants -at-arms, unites with
Montgomery, Welshpool, Newtown, Llanidloes, and Mach-
ynlleth, in sending a member to parliament; is a seat of
petty sessions and county courts ; and has a j-^st-othce,;
under Oswestry, a railwaystation, a banking-olSce, ahotel,
a bridge over the Cain, a town-hall, a churek, four dis-
senting chapels, national and British schools, an en-
dowed school with £133 a-ycar, a workhouse, and chari-
ties £25. The town-hall is a neat brick building, with
a market-place underneath. The church is dedicated to
St. Jlyllin, was rebuilt in 1706, and is noted for its peal
of bells. The workhouse has accomnrodation for 150
inmates. A weekly market is held on Thursday; fairs
are held on the Wednesday before Easter, 24 May, 23
June, 10 Aug., 5 Oct., and 8 Dec; tanning, malting,
and brewingare carried on; and the ale or "civrw" pro-
duced by the brewing is the subject of a local proverb,
that " old ale fdls Llanfyllin with young widows." Pop.
of the town, in 18C1, 1,008. Houses, 261.
The parish includes the townshiiis of Bachi'^, Bodf;ich,
Bodran, Bodyddon, Urynelityn, Gammon, Garthgell,
Globwll, Grecnhall, Nantlialam, Rhiiiwnachor, andRhy.«-
cog. Acres, 7,923. Real property, All, 752. Pop. in
1351, 1,932; in 1851, 1,830. Llwyn, situated close to
the town, is the seat of J. Dugdale, Esq. E-:d!"ach be-
longed to the Kyllins, passed to the Jlostyns, and is now
the seat of J. Loina.x, Esq. ; and it was occupied, at one
time, by Lord Castlemaine, tlie ambassador cf .lames II.
to the Pope. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
St. Asaph. A'alue, £650.* Patron, the Bi.=;;op of St.
Asaph. T. Richards, a distinguished latini.,:, w.is rec-
tor. Charles I. w:is at Llanfyllin, in 1644, o.i his w.iy
to Chirk Castle.
The district comprehends the sub-district of L'ansalnt-
li^iaid, containing the yiari.shcs of Tdanfyllhi, Llansaiut-
Ifiaiil, Llanfechan, Meifod, Llandrinio, IJinuysilio,
(';uil^li•.■M, and tbo f'arr(':,'1iofa tn\vn=;liip ff rj''i:vrnyni-'ch;
the sub-district of Llanfair, containing the parishes of
Llanfair-Caoreiniou, Llangyniew, Llanerfyl, Llangadfan,
Gai thbeibio, and Llanhhangel ; and the sub-district of
Llanrhaiadr, containing the parishes of Hirnant, Llan-
wddyn, Pennant, Llangynog, Llanrhaiadr-yn-Mochnaut,
Llnnarmon-Mynydd-mawr, Llancadwalladr, and Llan-
geduin, — the fifth partly and the three last wdiolly in
electoral Denbighshire. Acres, 187,870. Poor-rates in
1803, £10,526. Pop. in 1851, 21,935; in 1861, 21,699.
Houses, 4,403. Marriages in 1863, 136; births, 605, —
of which 93 were illegitimate; deaths, 443, — of which
120 were at ages under 5 years, and 21 at ages above 85.
Marriages in the ten years 1851-00, 1,296; births,
5,513; deaths, 3,895. the places of wor.ship, in 1851,
were 20 of the Church of England, with 5,822 sittings;
25 of Independents, with 4,005 s. ; 5 of Baptists, with
555 s.; 29 of Calvinistic Methodists, with 3,509 s. ; 36
of Wesleyan Methodists, with 6,455 s. ; 1 of Primitive
Methodists, with 70 s. ; and 1 undefined with 100 s.;
Tlie schools were 19 public day sehools, with 1,299
scholars; 9 private day schools, with 260 s. ; and 93
Sunday schools, with 5,865 s. — The hundred contains
seven parishes, and part of anotlier. Acres, 62,955.
Pop. in 1851, 7,858; in 1861, 7,545. Houses, 1,537.
LLANFYNYDD, a village, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict, in Llandilo-fawr district, Carmarthen. The village
stands on an aflluent of the river Towy, 6 miles NW of
Llandilo-fawr r. station ; and has fairs on 5 July, 13
Aug., and 11 Nov. The parish contains also the ham-
lets of Brisken, Cathilas, ClyujTinos, Crachyty, Esker-
cam, Eskerevan, CiUmgwT, Eskcrgarn, Gothylon, Pan-
tarfon, Cornoyron, Penrhos, and Cwmban; and its post-
town is Dryslwyn, under Carmarthen. Acres, 1(>,744.
Real property, £4,017. Pop. in 1851, 1,376; in 1861,
1,230. Houses, 253. The decrease of pop. .irose from
the migration of agricultural labourers to mining and
manufacturing localitiis. The property is subdivided.
There are remains of an ancient camp. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £150.
Patron, the Piishop of St. David's. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Egwad, and was restored in 1S61. There
are an endowed school with £37 a-year, and other chan-
ties £23. — The sub-disti-ict contains also two other par-
ishes. Acres, 11,790. Pop., 1,410. Houses, 289.
LL.\NFYNYDD, a chap-dry in Hope parish, Flint;
near Caergwrle r. station. It was constituted in 1S45;
and its post-town is Caergwrle, under Wrexham. Pop.
in 1301, 1,133. Houses, 137. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £250.* Patron, tho
Vicar of Hope.
LL.\NFYRN.\CH, or Lt,AXVEii>.'ACiT, a village and a
parish in the district of Newcastle-iu-Emlyu and county
of Pembroke. The village stands on the river Taff, near
the boundary with Carmarthen, under Llanfyrnach hills,
near Precelly mountain, 9i miles SW of Newca.stle-Em-
lyn r. station ; and is a considerable place. The parish
comprises 6,323 acres; and its post-town is Cardigan.
I'ie;d properly, £3,770; of which £200 are in mines.
Pop., 934. Houses, 212. The property is divided
among a few. Lead ore is mined, and there are mineral
springs. Tumidi and standing stones ave near the vil-
lage. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St. Da-
vid's. Value, £176.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor.
The church is dedicated to St. Bymach, and was reported
in 1859 as not goocL
LLANGADtAN, a township and a parish in Llan-
fyllin district, Montgomery. The township lies on the
river Vyrnwy, 6.^ miles W.NW of Llanfair, and 12 SWof
Llanfyllin r. station. The parish contains also the
townships of Blowty, Bryng^vaeddan, Cowny, Cyllin,
Maoslemystan, and Moelfeliarth ; it extends beyond
tlio river B;uiw, and is partly watered 'Dy the cousid"r-
ablc rivulet Nant-yn-Eira; and it has a post-oflicc, of the
name of Cann Oliice, under Welshpool. Acres, 16,929.
Real property, £4,23 1. Pop., 1,023. Houses, 208. The
property is divided among a few. Llwydiuth Hall be-,
longed formerly to the Vaughans, and' belongs now to
Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart. A monastic establishment, a
cell t'l Strata I'lnrida riMioy, was at Cvlliii. I,.ad and
LLANOADOCK.
107
LLANGAN.
copper orijs hare been found. Ancient fortified posts anil
barrows are numerous; and there are remains of a crom-
lech. A serious riot, attended with the burning of the
parsonage, took place in 1645, on occasion of the visit of
Vava.'sour Powell to sequestrate the benefices of the county.
The livinjr is a rectory in the diocese of St. Asaph.
Value, £300.* Patron, the P.ishop of St. Asaph. The
church is dedicated to St. Cadvan, is early English, and
was recently in disrepair. Charities, £7.
LL.ANGADOCK, a small town, a parish, and a sub-
district, in Llandovery district, Carmarthen. The town
stands between the rivers Sefni and Sawdde, tributaries
of the Towy, near the Via Julia Montana, and near the
Llanelly and Vale of Towy railway, under otTshoots of
the Black mountains, 5i miles SW of Llandovery; is an
ancient but decayed place; had a castle, which was taken
in 1204 by Khys ap Grutfydd; had also a college founded
in 12S3 by Bishop Bee; is governed by a portreeve and
8 burgesses; and has a post-ofEceJ under Carmarthen, a
lailway-sfcition with telegraph, a church, three dissent-
ing chapels, and a British school. The church stands on
a rising ground; was plundered, and converted into a
stable, bj' the English soldiers in the time of Edward L ;
and was reported in 1859 as then needing repair. A
weekly market is held on Thursday; and fairs are held
on 16 Jan., 12 March, the last Thursday of May, 9 July,
1 Oct., and 11 Dec. — The parish comprises the haui-
the Thui-sday after 11 Sept., the second Thursday after
lets of Above-Sa^vthc, Dytfnm-Cidrich, and G\vynfe-
Quarter-Kach. Acres, 15,642. Real property, £10,302.
Pop., 2,7S9. Houses, 590. The property is much sub-
divided. Glasnevin and Tanyrallt are chief residences.
Coal and limestcne are worked; and traces of iron and
lead ores are observed. A Eonian camp, in regular paral-
lelogramic form and of remarkable character, is on the
summit of a detached hill, called Carn-Goch, near the
precipitous ridge of Trichrug, about 3 miles SW of the
town. "One of the largest faces is a natural wall of
ipiartz rock, the beds of which dipping to the N"\Y, pre-
sent a bold precipitous face to the vale of the To\vj- ; and
the other walls, which in places are still from 20 to 30
feet high, have been formed by piling largo and shattered
blocks, which, from their angularity', give a cyclojican
character to these desolate and venerable ruins. " The
living is a vicarage, united with the vicarage of Llan-
thoysaint, in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £267.*
Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The p. curacy of
GwjTife or Crinamman is a separate benefice. — The sub-
ilistrict is conterminate vrith the parish.
LLANGADWALADPv, or Eglwysael, a parish, with
H village, in the district and county of Anglesey; i| of a
mile SW of Bodorgan r. station, and 2^ ENE of Aber-
ffraw. Post-toun, Aberffraw, under Bangor. Acres,
4,718 ; of which 1,230 are water. Eeal property, £2,017.
Pop., 526. Houses, 119. The property is much sub-
divided. Bodowen was formerly a seat of the Owens.
Bodorgan is the seat of F. 0. ileyrick, Esq. ; and was,
at one time, famous for -remarkably fine gardens. Tho
living is a rectoiy in the diocese of Bangor. Value,
£245.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church is
dedicated to St. Cadwaladr; occupies the site of one built
about 650 ; is itself early perp'ondicular English ; com-
prises n.ave and chancel, with N and S chapels ; has a
very beautiful three-light, stained-glass window; has also,
in the N chapel, a good memorial window to the Mcyricks;
and includes, on tlio lintel of the nave's S doorway, an
inscribed stone of the 7th rentuiy to St. Cadwaladr's
grandfather, who is styled "Catamanus lies, sapicntissi-
niusopiuatissimus omnium regum." Tiiere are a village
.school, and charities i'lG.
LLANC.M'KL.'vCH, or Li,.\xnYFF,DACii, a village, a
parish, a .'■ub-distrii't, and a hundred in Glamorgan. The
viliiigc stands i!c;'.r the river Tawe, tho Swansea canal,
and the Vale of Neatli railway, 4 miles WN'W of I.l.in-
samlet r. station, anil 3.V N of Swansea; and lias a fair on
T. March. — Tlie parish contains also the village of Mor-
rlston, which has a postoilice ui; In- Swansea; and it in-
cludes the hanih-ts of Cla.io, Pendcrrv, -Mawr, and lihvu-
dwy-fly l.i' h A.T.'S IT/MC. I.'-i'l p; .p..,ty, r^fl.Tr,!;
of which £6,470 are in mines, and £3,074 in the canal.
Pop. in 1S51, 10,S&5; in 1861, 13,219. Houses, 2,687.
The property is much subdivicjed. Tho manor formerly
belonged to Brecon college. Much of the laud is natur-
ally barren, and not a little has au aspect of extreme de-
solation. Copper-works and collieries employ a large pro-
portion of the inhabitants; and they greatly disfigure the
landscape. The lluoric or arsenical acids from the cop-
per works keep douTi the naturally poor vegetation ; the
heaps of slag are an eye-sore; and the clouds of smoke
from the lu'iinerous chimnej-s bedim the atmosphere.
IMany of the workmen and tlie colliers reside in the largo
village of Morristnu. A battle was fought within the
parish in 990, when Howel, prince of South Wales, was
beaten. Some Poman relics have been found. The liv-
ing is a vicarage, united with the p. curacy of Gorseinon,
in tho diocese of St. David's. Value, £300. Patron,
the Bishop of St. Da^-id's. The church is dedicated to St.
Cyvelach; is a modem edifice, separated from the tower
of an ancient one ; and contains monuments to the Lle-
wel3Tt3 of Penlergare. The p. curacies of Morriston and
Clydach are separate benefices. There are chapels for
Independents, Calvinistic Jlethodists, and Wesleyans,
and charities £29. — The sub-district contains only the
Clase hamlet of the parish, including the village of Mor-
riston ; but contains also the parish of St. John-ue.ar-
Swansea, and the higher division of Swansea parish; and
is in Swansea district. Pop., in 1851, 9,812; in 1861,
14,553. Houses, 2,900.— The hundred contains the
parishes of Llangafelach, Llansamlet, and Llanguick.
Acres, 48,690. Pop. in 1851, 11,829; in 1801, 17,923.
Houses, 3,611.
LLANGAFFO, a parish in the district of Carnarvon
and county of Anglesey; on the Chester and Holyhead
railway, 2 miles WSW of Gaerweu-Junction r. station
and 44 S by W of Llangefni. Post-town, Gaerwen, under
Bangor. Acres, 1,590. Real propertj', £2,032; of which
£600 are in mines. Pop., 122. Houses, 18. The pro-
perty is divided .among a few. Bodu-yr was a mansion
of the 16th centur}-, but is now reduced to slight renuiins.
The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of
Llangeinwen, in the diocese of Bangor. The church is
dedicated to St. Catl'o, was rebuilt in 1845, and h.is a
tine spire. There is an ancient cross. Charities, £4.
LLAjS'GAIN, a parish, with a village, in tho dis-
trict and county of Carmarthen; on the river Towy,
34 miles S by W of Cannarthen r. station. Post-town,
Carmarthen. Acres, 2,660. Pical projierty, £2,28S.
Pop., 393. Houses, 84. The property is divided among
a few. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, £S5. I'atron, V. Bludv.-oi-th, Esq.
The church is dedicated to St. Synin, and is good.
LLANGA3IMAPCH, a village and a parish in Builtli
district, Brecon. The village stands at the confluence
of the rivers Gammarch and Irvon, near a reacli of the
Mid-Wales railway which was in progress of formation
in 1866, and under M}Tiydd-Epynt mountain, 7\ mUcs
WSW of Builth; and has a post-ollico uixlcr I'uilth,
Breconshire. Ti.e parish includes the hamlets of Tretlis
and Penbuallt, arid comprises 11,748 acres. Eeal ju'o-
perty, £3,585. Pop., 1,078. Houses, 209. The pro-
jierty is divided among a few. Lhvynmadoc, situated
on the Gamiuarch, is the seat of H. Thomas, Esq. Caerau
was a seat of the Lloyds ; and Llancadwgan was a seat
of the Cadogans. A minend spring is adjacent to tho
village. An ancient British canip, 240 feet in circuit, is
near Caerau. The living is a vicarage, united with tlie
}). curacv of Llanwrtvil, in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £209. Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The
church is dedicat.-d to St. Gammarch, .and was rccentlv
rebuilt. Chari*i.;.s, £24. Bishop Howell's father and
James Howell, i.uthor of "Familiar Lettc'rs, " were na-
tives and vic.ir.s, u:id T. Evans author of a Welsh His-
tory of tlie r.ii: j:is, also was vicar.
LLAjS'G.VN, a ]iarish in the district of X.arberth and
couiilit.; of lVm''roku and Carmarthen; on tho rivt r
Taif and on the ^-^outh Wales railwav, 2 iiiiles AVNW ot'
Whitland r. station, ami r,\ NK by'E of Narberth. I'.
ii>iit,iii,s I'lP \i'|ic:e of Camvilin; ai^d its p-ist I'lWu is
LLANGAN.
103
LLANGATTOCK.
^Vhitlaiiil, under Narbertli. Acr(«> of the Pemtroke
[xirtion, 194 ; of the Carmarthen portion, 4,758. Real
property of the whole, £3,256. Pop. of tlie P. portion,
37; of the C. portion, COl. Houses, 6 and 1-20. The
property is divided among a few. Whitland Abbey, a
inoacru mansion, on the site of the monastic Abba Lauda,
is the seat of the Hon. W. Yelverton. The monastic
house originated in a cell planted by Panlinus, in the
5th century; was founded, for Cistertian monks, by
IMshop Bernard, in 1143; and is now represented by lit-
tle else than some portions of clustered pillars. Ty-
Gwj-n-av-Tav, or the White House of Howel Dba, stood
near the monastery's site; consisted of withy rods; and
was the place where Howel Dha's 13 wise men, in 92S,
composed the laws of Wales. The living is a vicarage in
the diocese of St. DaWd's. Value, £86. Patron, the
IJishop of St. David's. The church, is dedicated to St.
Canna, and is tolerable.
LLAXGAN, or Llakgantja, a parish in Bridgend
district, Glamorgan; on the rivers Canna and Ewenny,
3j miles ESE of Bridgend r. station. It contains the
village of Treves ; and its post-town is Bridgend.
Acres, 1,175. Real property, £1,510. Pop., 232.
Houses, 50. The property is much subdivided. Lime-
stone is quarried, and lead ore is found. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £244.* Pa-
tron, the Dowager Countess of Dunraven. The church
was rebuilt in 1S61. There are two old crosses, the one
very ancient, the other on four steps. Charities, £6.
LL.VNGANHAFAL, or LLAKGYSHAFiL, a village and
a parish in Ruthiu district, Denbigh. The village stands
uuder Moel-Fanimau mountain, 1^ mile E of the river
Clwyd, and 3 N by E of Ruthin r. station; and has a
jiost-office under Ruthin, Denbighshire. The parish is
divided into the townships of Rhos, Hendre-AVydd, and
Nant-y-Nef. Acres, 2,363. Real property, £2,55t).
Pop., 497. Houses, 115. The surface is hilly. Moel-
Fainmau has an altitude of 1,845 feet. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £407-*
Patron, the Bishop of Llandaff. The church is dedicated
to St. Cynhaval.
LLANGANNA. See Li.axoax, Glamorgan.
LLAXGANTEN, a pari.sh in BuUth district, Brecon;
on the river Whevri, an affluent of the Irvon, 2i miles
W by N of Builth town and r. station. Post-town,
Builth, Breconshire. Acres, 2,258. Real property,
£1,085. Pop., 159. Houses, 27. Llewelj-n was slain
and buried in the neighbourhood. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £64. Pa-
tron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church is dedicated
to St. Canten or Catherine. Charities, £5.
LLANGAR, a township and aparish in Corwen district,
Merioneth. 1'he township lies on the river Dee, at the
influx of the Ahven, I4 mile SW of Corwen r. stiition.
The parish contains also the townships of Bryn, Cymmer,
and Gwynodl; and its post-town is Corwen. Acres,
3,578. Real property, £1,903; of which £90 are in
f,uarries. Pop., 211. Houses, 43. Much of the land
is waste. Traces of an ancient fort are at Caenvem.
The living is a rectory, united with the chapelry of
Cj-nwyd, in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £160.*
Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph. 'The parish shares in
tlie charities of Corwen.
LLaXGARUEX, a village and a parish in Ross dis-
trict, Hereford. The village stands on the rivulet Gan-en,
a tributary of the AVyc, 54 miles "\VSW of Ross r. sta-
tion; and has a post-ottice under Ross. The parish cora-
jirises the townships of KUreague, Llangunnock, Tre-
<louglian, Tretilla, Trecilla, and Lang.stone-with-Tre-
Evati. Acres, 5,605. Real propert}-, £3,054. Pop.,
1,215. Houses, 255. There are several manors. Llan-
garrcn Court and Langstone Court ant chief re3idence3.
The living is a p. curacy, united with the p. curacy of
St. AV'eonard, in the diocese of Hereford. Value, not re-
ported. Patrons, the Dean and Chaiiter of Hereford.
The church is mainly Norman; was recently repaired
and enlarged; comprises ancient nave and chancel, and
iDodern aisle, with ancient porch and tower; and con-
tiins several monuments. There are chapels for Inde-
pendents and Wesleyans, a national school, a share in
Mrs. F. Scudamore's charity, and other charities £4.
LLAXGASTY-TALYLLYN, a parish in the district
and county of Brecon; on the romantic lake of Llangorse,
uuder the Brecknock Beacons, 5i miles SE by K of Bre-
con r. station. Post-town, Brecon. Acres, 2,119. Real
property, £1,833. Pop., 200. House.s, 34. The manor
belongs to the Crespignys. An ancient camp is at Allt-
yr-Esgair, and commands a fine view. The living is a
rectory m the diocese of St. David's. Value, £207. Pa-
tron, the Vcn. R. W. P. Davis. The church is dedicated
to St. Gastyn, was recently restored, is a handsome small
edifice, and has a fine peal of bells.
LLANGATHEN, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Llaudilofawr district, Carmarthen. The village stands
on the river Towy, near the Carmarthen and Llandilo
railway, and near Grongar Hill, 3 miles W of Llandiio-
fauT; and has fairs on 16 April, and 22 Sept. The parish
contains also the hamlets of Berthlwyd, BrjMihafod, Drys-
Iwyn, Alltygar, Treg}-nin, Llau-Blaenynis, Cwmysgi-
farowg, Ysgwyn, and Mountain; and its post-town is
Llandilo, under Carmarthen. Acres, 5,513. Real pro-
perty, £5,992. Pop., 977. Houses, 206. Theproperty
is divided among a few. Aberglasney and Cwrt-Henry
are chief residences. Drj'shvj-n Castle was a fortified
place, erected in the time of Edward I., by one of the
princes of the house of Dmevor; stood on the summit of
a great hill, projecting into the To«'3''s valley; and is
now represented by extensive earth-works, ivy-covered
walls, and a tower. Grongar hill possesses interest in
connexion with verses of the poet Dyer. Limestone and
load ore are found. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese of St. David's. Value, £130. Patron, the Bishop
of St. David's. The church is dedicated to St. Cathan,
is in good condition, and contains a monument to Bishop
Rudd. Charities, £12. The sub-di.strict contains also
Llanegwad parish. Acres, 17,843. Pop., 2,S97. Houses,
627.
LLANGATTOCK, a parish and a sub-district in Criek-
howeU district, Brecon. The parish lies on tlie river
Usk, opposite Crickhowell, 4^ miles NW by N of Clydach
r. station; is connected by a bridge with Crickhowell,
and intersected by the Brecon canal; comprises the p.-.rcel
of Penallt, and the parcel of Prisk and Killej' ; and in-
cludes part of the chapeliy of Beaufort. Post-town,
Crickhowell. Acres, 9,597. Real property, £14,066; of
which £2,780 are in iron-works, and £400 are in quarries.
Pop. in 1851, 5,415; in 1861, 5,759. Houses, 1,254.
Pop. of the Beaufort chapelry portion in 1861, 2,992.
Houses, 693. The property is not much divided. Llan-
gattock Park, Glanusk Park, Glanusk Villa, and Dau-
y-Park are chief residences. Ijmestone, ii-onstone, and
coal abound; and the Beaufort iron-works are in the S.
A cistvaen was found on Camohill; and a battle was
fought there, in 723, between the Britons and King
Ethelbald. Tlie living is a rector)', united with the
p. curacy of Llangeuey, in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £905.* Patron, the Duke of Beanfoi-t. The
church is dedicated to St. Catwg; and is early de-
corated English, in good condition. There is an Inde-
pendent chapel. Crickhowell workhouse also is here;
and, at the census of 1S61, had 119 inmates. Bishops
Lloyd and Davies were rectors. The sub-district is
conterniiuatc with the pari.sli.
LLANGATTOCK, a township and a parish in New-
poit district, Monmouth. The township lies on the river
Usk, adjacent to Caerleon, 2 miles NE of Newport r.
station. Real property, £2,816. Pop., 276. Houses,
54.— Tlie parish contains also the township of Caerleon,
which has a post-oflice under Newport, Monmouth.
Acres of the parish, 2,937. Real property, £6,005; of
which £10 are in fisheries. Pop., 1,544. Houses, 303.
The property is not mucli divided. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £000.* Patrons,
the Dean and Chapter of Llandaff. The church stands
in Caerleon; is an ancient structure, ^rith interesting
features; anil was restored in 1867, at a cost of £2,500.
A new parsonage was built in 1863, and new charity
schools in 1804. The schools have an endowed inco;ne
I.I. VMIATTOCK-LLIXGOED.
109
I.T.AXGELYNIN.
ot n*tiriy il/""') a-year; ivnd "ive free eJiuation to iip-
v.-ards of •200 cliiMri-n. and clothing and education to up-
wards -•{ IC') othv-r ckildren. Chanties, £22. See C'AEli-
LL.VNGATTOCK-LLIXGOED, a parish in Abcr-
g;i.v»ru;T liistrict, Mouinouth; on the river Trothy, 2;|
iiiiles SE hy S cf Pandy r. station, and 5^ NE of Abcv-
{T.iveaL'y. Post-to'.vn, Abergavenny. Acre.s, l,ll2t). l!eal
I'ToiKTXy, i:l.'jii. Pop., 206. Houses, 47. The pro-
V'crty ii divided among a few. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Llauiatf. Value, £144.* Patron, tlie
Blihop of LLmdalf. The church is de<licated to St.
Cado-;^?, and i' cooiL Charities, £6.
LL.\>:GATTuCK-XIGH.USK, a parish in Aber-
gavenny district, ^Monmouth; on the river Usk, and on
the Hertford, Abf-rgavenny, and >'ewport railway, 3.^
miles SSE of A!)ergavenny. Post-town, Abergavenny.
Acres, 1,613. licai property, £2,229. Pop. in 1S51,
17S; ia liol. 252. Houses, 41. The property is sub-
divided. LLiugattock House is a chief residence. The
livirg is a nr'?tory in the diocese of Llandatf. Value,
£274.* Patron, the Earl of Abergavenny. The church
is a primitive structure, in tolerable condition; and con-
tains njonumfna of the lOvanses. Charities, £4.
LLAXGATTOCK-VIBON-AVEL, a parish in the dis-
trict a^d cor.nty of Monmouth ; 1 ^ mile W of the river
Monn^T at th* b-5undary \vith Herefordshire, and 4 NW
of Monnionth r. stition. Post-town, Monmouth. Acres,
4,914. Real prop.ny, £4,100. Pop., 497. Houses,
105. The pr;pcity is divided among a few. The Hendre
is thi seat cf -J. E. W. Eolls, Esq. Limestone is worked.
The living is a \icarage, united with the p. curacies of
LlanTanair and Sr. Maughan, in the diocese of Llandaff.
Vala?, £3o5.» Patron, J. E. W. Eolls, Esq. The
churrh is g':»>i; and there are charities £23.
LLANGEDWYX, a township and a ]iarish in the dis-
trict c: LlaiLfyllin and county of Denbigh. The town-
ship lies on the river Tanat, at the boundary with Llont-
fromiry, 3 miles X of Llanfecliau r. station, and 4J NE
ufLliify Ilia: and has apo.?t-oflice:f under Oswestr}'. — The
parish, contains also the to^vllship of !>crwgan, and com-
prises 1,627 acres. Rated property, £2,146. Pop., 297.
Hons*5, 05. The property is divided among a few.
Llarg^dwyn Hall is a seat of Sir W. W. Wyun, Bart.
Slate is quarried. The liring is a p. curacy in the dio-
cese of St. Asaph. Value, £130. Patron, Sir W. AV.
TVyno, Bart. The church is dedicated to St. Cedwyn,
and is toler.^.ble. Charities, £13.
LLAyOEDW'Y.V, Carmarthen. See Llanolydwex.
LL.iXGEFEI^CH. See Llaxgafelach.
LL.\XGEFXI, a small town, a parish, and a siih-
disrrtJt, ia the district and county of Anglesey. The
to'.ra stands on the river Cefni, on the Roman road to
Holjheal, and on the Anglesey Central railway, in a
pleasant vale, 4i miles IS'NW of Gaerwen-Juuction, and
9 W by S of Beaumaris; was only a small hamlet in the
lattrr part of last century; has risen to provincial im-
p-jrtiiice, in consequence of the advantageousuess of its
^icuit;on as a E:arkoting centre; was raised, by the re-
forta act, to tl;e rink of a borough, uniting with B<>au-
uiarls, Holyhead, aud Amlwch in sending a member to
jarliituen:: is a seat of petty sessions and a polling
piif-e; aud his a head post-oftice, t designated Llangefni,
Anglesey, a r.\ilway station, a banking-office, a hotel, a
tw'>arched bridge over the Cefni, a market-house, a
churoh, f.^ur dissenting chapels, and a public school. The
church Ls deiiicated to St. Cyngar; was rebuilt in 1824;
and in.iuies an ancient inscribed stone. A weeklj'
market is held on Tlmrsdav; fairs are held on 14 March,
17 Apnl, 10 June, 17 Aug., 15 Sept., 23 Oct., and the
sii raark-:t 'lays before Christmas; and some industry, in
wo-jllen-rniuufaL-ture, leather-dressing, and malting is
carried on. Pop. in lS51,l,3'i2; in 1«61, 1,317. Hou.ses,
S21. — The parish comprises 2,42ii acres. Real property,
X4.533. Pop. in 1851, 1,799; in 1S61, l,69fi. Housrs,
4lo. The proj.erty is not nnudi divided. Tregarnedd,
alvat a rcile frMm the town, succeeded a man.sion of the
):'>th century, was it.^clf built in the time of Henry Vll.,
i^d is uju-j f:ii:i: liouse. Ed:iyfed Pychau, the minis-
ter of I.lewclyn, and the ancestor of the Tudor-;, resided
nt Tregarnedd; and his gnmd.son. Sir Gnillydd Llwyd,
who eventually suilcred death by command of Edward 1.
at Rlivddlan Castle, was bom at Trigarnedd, and sus-
tained a siege in the fortified mansion. The living is n
rectory, united T.ith the p. curacy of Tregayan, in the
diocese of Bangor. Value, £446. * Patron, the Bishop
of Bangor. The sub-district contains also nine otlit-r
parislics. Acres, 23,259. Pop., 5,431. Houses, 1,263.
LLANGEI.NOi:, a parish iu Bridgend district, Gla-
morgan; on the rivers Ognjore and Garw, 5 miles N by
E of Bridgend r. station. It contains the villages of
Abcrgarw, Xewmill, aud Roughmill ; and its post-town
is Bridgend. Acies, 6.710. Real property, £1,395. Pop ,
3G3. Houses, 75. Coal, iron, and limestone abound.
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Llandatf.
Value, £71. Patron, C. R. M. Talbot, Esq. The
church is dedicated to St. Gwinear. Charities, £12.
LL.AXGEINWEN, a parish in the district of Carnar-
von and county of Anglesey; on the river Bniin and
on the coast, near the Jlenai ferry, 3 miles AVXW of
Carnarvon, aud 4^ S\V of Gaerwen-Junction r. station.
Post-town, Carnarvon. Acres, 5,3SS; of which 900 are
water. Real property, £4,261. Pop., 913. Houses, 221.
The property is much subdivided. Limestone is quarried.
The living is a rectoiy, united with the p. curacy of
Llangaffo, in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £664. Pa-
tron, the Rev. W. Williams. The church is dedicated
to St. Ceinwen, and was enlarged in 1S42. There lae
chapels for Independents and Calvinistic Methodists.
LLAXGEITKO, a village, a parish, andasub-diitrict,
in Tregaron district, Cardigan. The village stands on
the river Ayron, under the hills, near the S.irn Helen
way, 4 miles W of a reach of the Central Wales railway,
which was in progress of formation iu 1Sl6, and Si N by
E of Lampeter; and has a po.st-olfice under Carmarthen.
Tlie parish contains also the hamlet of Bonteyen. Acres,
2,150. Real property, £1,397. Pop., 453. Houses,
97. The property is much subdivided. Cwrt-ilawr, an
old mansion, is now a farm-house. The li\'ing is a rec-
tory in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £100. Pa-
tron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Ceitho; was rebuilt in 1S21; was rei)orted
in 1S59 as then needing repair; and contains a monu-
ment to Rowland, once rector of the parish, and found.r
of the Rowlandites. There are a Calvinistic Methodist
chapel, and charities £50.
LL.^NGEIjER, a village and a parish in the district
of Xowcastle-in-Emlyn, and county of Carmarthen. The
village stands on the river Teiti, at the boundary with
Cardigan, near the Newcastle-Emlyn and Lampeter rail-
^^•ay, and under the Penboyr hills, 5 miles E b)"- S of
Newcastle-Emlyn ; and has a post-office under Car-
marthen. The jiarish is cut into two sections, lower and
upper; and comprises 7,999 acres. Real projierty,
£5,123. Pop. in 1S51, 1,681; in 1861, 1,573. Houses,
366. The property is subdivided. Llys !Ne\fydd be-
longed formerl}' to the Llojxls, and is now the seat of
W. Lewis, Esq. Dolhaidd-fach is the seat of Captain
Elliot. The living is twofold, a vicarage and a sinecure
rectory, in the diocese of St. David's. Value of the vi-
carage, £136;* of the rectory, £244 Patron of the
former, the Bishop of St. David's; of the latter, St.
David's College. The church is dedicated to St. Celert;
was rebuilt in ISGO; is in the earlj' English style; and
consists of nave and chancel, with vestiy and bell-turret.
A spring, called St. Celert's well, is near the church.
LL.\is'GELYXIN, a parish iu Conway district, Car-
narvon; under Penmaen-fach hill, and on the river Con-
way, 2.i miles SSW of Conway r. station. It contains
the townships of Glynn, Pcnraelt, and Cae-Goilan; aiicl
its post-town is Conway. Acre.s, 2,017; of which 1^5
arewater. Real projierty, £1,797. Pop., 231. Houses,
41. The (.r ipcrty is divided among a few. Cairn.s,
tumuli, aud otlb-r antiquities are on the hills. 'I'lio ."^.i.v-
oiis under Kilred were licaten here, in S.'^O, by Ananiwd.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Bangor. Vahie,
,£225.* i'atron, the Bishop of JJangor. The churih is
drdicafed to St. Cclynin, and is good. Charilies. i.'i.
LLANGELYNIN
LLANGINNING.
Lt.ANGELYMN, a parish in Dolgelly district, Slori-
oiieth; on the coast, and on the Aberystwith and Vi'elsh
Coast railway, i\ miles NNW of Towyn. It is cut into
two sections, lower and higher; and it contains the to\ra-
sliips of Bodgadfan, Croggennant, Morfa, Llaufeddiged,
and Llwyngwril,- — the last of which has a station on the
railway, and a post-ollioe under Corwen. Acres, 11,00-1;
of which 2,445 are water. Rated property, £-3,5S8.
Pop., 891. Houses, 197. The property is subdivided.
A seat of Eduowain ab Bradwen, a chief of one of the
15 Welsh tribes, was at Croggennant. A cave at Ogov-
Owain is said to have been a hiding-place of Owen Glen-
dower. Cairns, tumuli, meini-heirion, and an ancient
camp, called Castell-y-gaer, are on the hills. The liv-
ing is a rectory in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £400.
Patron, K. H. J. Parry, Esq. The present church
stands at Llwyngwril, and was built in 1S46. The old
church stands 2 mUes to the S, and was restored in 18(57.
The charities include a school endowment, and amount
to £20.
LLANGENDEIRNE, a village, a parish, and a sub-
district, in the district and county of Carmarthen. The
village stands on Gwendraeth-fach ri\'Tilet, 5 miles SE of
Carmarthen r. station; is a considerable place; and has
a post-office under Kidwelly, and fairs on 5 and 6 Aug.,
and 1 Nov. The parish contains also the hamlets of
Bleine, Cilcarw, GljTin, Gwempa, Terracoed, aTid Vel-
jTidre, Acres, 11,810. Eeal property, ^9,733 ; of
which £200 ai-e in mines, and £96 in quarries. Pop. in
1841, 2,624; in 1861, 2,355. Houses, 540. The de-
crease of pop. arose partly from the stoppage of collieries
and iron-works. The property is subdivided. Coal,
iron-ore, limestone, and good marble are found. The
living is a p. curacy, united with the chapelry of Pont-
yates, in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £88. Pa-
tron, R. G. Thomas, Esq. The church is dedicated to
St. Cyndoyrn, and was reported in 1859 as not good.
There are a Calvinistic Methodist chapel, and an en-
dowed school with £22 a-ye.ir. — The sub-district con-
tains also five other parishes. Acres, 48,501. Pop.,
9,034. Houses, 1,923.
LLANGEXNECII, a parish in Llanelly district, Car-
marthen ; on the river Loughor, and on the Llanelly
and Yale of Towy railway, 4i miles NE by N of Llan-
elly. It has a station on the railway ; and its post-town
is Llanelli". Acres, 2,394; of which 50 are water.
Keal property, £2,463. Pop., 923. Houses, 182. The
property is divided among a few. Llangennech Park
belonged to the Stepneys, passed to the Tunbos, and
belongs now to W. H. Nevill, Esq. Good coal is ex-
Eorted. The Loughor here is a sluggish and mud-
anked stream. The living is a p. curacv in the dio-
cese of St. David's. Value, £82. Patron, 'E. R. Tunno,
Esq. The church is dedicated to St. Gwraog, and is
very good.
LLANGENNITH, or Llangenydd, a parish in Swan-
sea district, Glamorgan ; in the Gower peninsula, on
Rho-ssili bay, 10 miles SW by W of Loughor r. station,
and 15 WSW of Swansea. Post-town, Swansea. Acres,
3,479; of which 400 are water. Real properi;-, £1,453.
Pop,, 384. Houses, 83. The property is divided among
a few. A priory, subordinate to Evreux abbey in France,
was founded here, in the time of Stephen, by Roger,
Earl of Warwick; and was given, in 1441, by Henry YI.,
to All Souls college, Oxford. Holme's island lies a little
off the shore, au<l had a chapel subordinate to the priory.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £71. Patron, T. Penricc, Esq. The church is
dedicated to St. Cenydd; was the church of the priory;
•Ls the largest in Gower; has a blocked Korrnan arch on
its E face, and a side tower; and contains son;e old monu-
ments.
LLAIsGENNY, a parochial-chapelry in Crickhowell
district, Brecon; at the influx of the Grwyney to the Usk,
1^ mile SE of Crickhowell, and 4 KW of Beaufort r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Crickhowell. Acres, 2,7^';:. Real pro-
perty, £3, 2G9. Pop., 470. Houses, 10 4_. Cwrt-y-Gollen
i a chief residence. Paper-making and ircn-founding arc
'■•'irried on. A iiieiiii-birion, 13 feet high, is near C'wit-
y-Oollcn. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the rec-
tory of Llangattock, in the diocese of St. David's. The
church was dedicated to St. Ceneu or Kepic, ;ind there
is a well whose waters have the same kind of popular ro-
jjute as those of St. Kcyne's well in Cornwall. A bell,
supposed to have belonged to St. Ccneu's oratoiy, was
found near the well in 1809.
LLANGENY'DD. See Ltangesxith.
LLANGERNIEW, a village and a parish in Lbinrvvst
district, Denbigh. 'The village stands on the river Elwy,
6,J miles E of Tal-y-Cafn r. station, and 7 NE of Jdan-
rwst ; and has a post-office under Llann\-st, Denbigh-
shire, and fairs on 29 March, 16 May, 29 June, 29 Sept.,
and 29 Nov. The parish is cut into two divisions, lower
and upper; and contains the to^-nships of Bodgonwch,
Bodrach, Dwy-Afon, Hafodunos, JIarchalad, Branar,
Nanerth, Pant-y-Manus, Pentre-Wern, and Ranhir.
Acres, 7,753. Real property, £4,159. Pop., 1,245.
Houses, 2C5. The property is divided among a few.
Hafodunos House, a Tudor mansion, is the seat of tho
Lloyds. The land is hiUy; and the rocks contain lead
and copper ores. The living is a vicarage in tlie diocese
of St. Asaph. Value, £300.* Patron, the Lord Chan-
cellor. The church is dedicated to St. Digain, is very
<£ood, and contains monuments of the Lloyds. Chari-
ties, £2.3.
LLANGEVIEW, a parish in Pont\-pool district, Mon-
mouth; on an affluent of the river Cfsk, adjacent to the
Monmouth and Pontypool railway, 1 1 mile E of Usk r.
station. Post-town, Usk, under Newpoit, Slonmoutli.
Acres 1,454. Real property, £1,720. Pop., 159. Houses,
40. The property is subdivided. The living is a p. cu-
racy in the diocese of LlandafF. Value, £51. Patron,
the Rev. J. Blower. The church is dedicated to St.
David, and is good. Tlic parish has an interest in the
charities of Roger Edwards at Usk.
LLANGIaS, a parish in Pwllheli district, Carnarvon;
at the S extremity of the Lle_i.Ti peninsula, between St.
Tudwall's road and Hell's mouth bay, tj\ miles SW of
Pwllheli, and 23 SW of Nantlle r. station. Poat-town,
Llanengan, under Pwllheli. Acres, 4,835; of which
330 are water. Real propertv, £3,464. Pop. in 1851,
1,161; in ISGI, 1,088. Houses, 25L The property is
not much divided. Nanhoron is a chief residence. The
inhabitants are largely employed in fishing. The living
is a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Llanbedrog, in
the diocese of Bangor. The church is dedicated to St.
Cian, and is good. There is a Calvinistic Methodist
chapel.
LLANGIDBY, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Pontypool district, Monmouth. The vilLige stands
near tlie Roman way to Caerleon, 3\ miles SSW of Usk
r. station, and has a post-office imder Newport, Mon-
mouth. The parish comprises 4,443 acres. Real pro-
perty, £5,092; of which £35 are in limestone quarries.
Pop., 525. Houses, 95. The property is divided
among a few. Llangibby House is tho seat of W. A.
AVilliams, Esq., and was built by Inigo Jones. Some
remains exist of Llangibby Castle, whicli, in the time
of Sir Trevor Williams, was besieged and taken by the
Parliamentan.- forces. About A a mile from the castle
are some slight remains of an ecclesiastical building,
called Tregrwg. The living is a rectorv in the dioceso
of Llandair. Value, £526. Patron, W. A. Williams,
Esq. The church is dedicated to St. Cybi, and is good.
A small but neat church, for a separate charge, was
built, in 1861, at Common, Coed-y-Paen. A well, arched
over with very ancient masonry, is near the parish,
church. There are two schools.— The sub-district con-
tains also three other parishes and part of another.
Acres, 12,6-35. Pop., 3,620. Houses, 606.
LLANGINNING, a parish in the di'itrict and county
of Carmarthen; on the river CTOin, near the river Taf,
and on the South W.alcs railway, 2J miles W of St. Clears
r. station, and 11 W by S of Carmarthen. Post-town,
St. Clears. Acres, 3,270. Real property, £2,556.
Pop., 378. Houses, 79. The living is a p. curacy in
the diocese of St. David's. Value, £80. Patron, C. G.
I'hilipps, E-q. The church is dedicated to St. Cynin.
l.LANGIUKIG.
HI
M.ANGOXOYD.
LLANGIIUUCJ, orLt,.\xo\vr.m, avilla;,'j and a parish
ill Newtown district, Montj;omcry. The villaf;ii stands
in tho valo of tlio Wye, 2.}- miles from tlio boundary with
Kadnor, 5 SW of Lhinidloes r. station, and Si SC of the
summit of riinlimnion; is surrounded by charming
scenery, and much visited by tourists: and has a post-
ollice under IJanidloes, Monti;omeryshire. 'I'lie parish
contains also the villages of Carucoed and Glanynant,
and tlie townships of Cefnhafodan, Glynhafren-Uchcocd,
Olynbrochan, Llanyfvn}-, and Glynjryu - with - Llan-
ywared. Acres, 50,000. Eated property, £4,178. Pop.
in 1851, 1,802; in ISGl, 1,C41. Houses, 285. The pro-
iierty is much subdivided. Jluch of tho surfoce is up-
land. The livinj; is a vicaraqe in tho diocese of Dangor.
Value, £310. Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church
is dedicated to St. Curig, and is ancient and tolerable.
LLANGISTIOLUS. See Llanorlstiolus.
LLANGLYDWEN, a parish in the district of Nar-
berth, and county of Caruiartheu ; on the river Taf, at
the boundary with Pembroke, 6 miles N'NE of Narberth
Road r. station, and 9 NNE of Narberth. Post-town,
St. Clears. Acres, 1,834. Eeal property, £933. Pop.,
286. Houses, 68. Dolwylim is a chief residence. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
X96. Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church is de-
dicated to St. Cledwin, and is good.
LLANGOED, a village and a parish in the district of
Bangor and county of Auglesey. The village stands on
the coast, 24 miles N by E of Beaumaris, and 5^ by wa-
ter NW of Abcr r. .station; and has a post-office under
Beaumaris, Anglesey. The parish comprises 1,343
acres. Real property, £1,705. Pop., 618. Houses,
144. The property is much subdivided. Limestone
and good marble are quarried. Tlie living is a p. curacy,
united with the p. curacies of Llaniestyn and Llanfi-
hangel-Tvn-Sylwy, in the diocese of Bangor. Value,
£130. Patron, R. J. Hughes, Esq. The church is de-
dicated to St. Cawrdav, and is an inferior edifice. There
are a Calvinistic Methodist chapel, and charities £10.
LLANGOED CASTLE, a scat in the NE of Radnor;
5i miles NNW of Talgarth. It belonged to the \Vo-
gans, and passed to the Williamses and the Macnaniaras.
LLANGOEDJIORE, or LL.\XGor,DMAWR, a parish in
the district and county of Cardigan; on the river Teifi
and on the Cardigan railway, at the boundary with Pem-
broke, 1 mile E by S of Cardig.an.' Post-town, Cardi-
ga_n. _ Acies, 4,946. Real projiert}', with Llechryd,
£5,050. Rated property of Llangocdmoro alone, £3,775.
Pop. in 1S51, 990 ; in 1801, 902, Houses, 217. The
property is divided among a few. The manor belonged
to the Langleys; passed to tho Mortimers and the
Lewise3;_and belongs now to the Lloyds. Cocdmorc, in
a charming situation, nearly opposite Cilgerran Castle,
is the scat of T. E. Lloyd, Esq. ; and Llangoedmore, of
Mrs. Millingchamp. Trevorgan also is a chief residence.
Slate is found. A well and a cave called St. Cynllo's, are
near the church; and there are some Dnudical stones.
A battle was fought, in 1135, near Crngmawr, between
Gniffydd ab Rhys and the English. The living is a rec-
tory in tho diocese of St. David's. Value, £440. Pa-
tron,^ R. D. Jenkins, Esq. Tiio church is dedicited to
St.Cynllo; was repaired in 1830; and was restored in
1S59.
LI^XOOLLEN, a small town, a vale, and a parish,
in tlie district of Corwen and county of Denbigh. Tho
town stands on tlie river Dee, on a branch of the Elles-
iiiere canal, and on the Llangollen railwav, 2 miles E
'-''- vu' ''^ ^^''"i -"^Icrioneth, 6 NW of Chirk, and
20 Is W of Shrewsbury; is a ]>!easant place, amid remark-
ably beautihil eir.-irons; presents a clean, well-arran^'ed,
and ].rosi«ious apijcaranco; is much irequented by tour-
ists, hntli for -sake of the scene.-y around it, and as a
.starting-centre for great j.ait of .Voith Wales; is a seat
of potty sessions, and a i.ollingidace; and has a head
post-oliice,} a railway .station witli telegraph, a bankiu"-
oliiee, two good hotels, a townhall, a large market-hall,
a remarkable bri.Ige, w;Lti'r-woiks two churches, six dis-
senting chapids, .several public schools, and charities, £90
Its .vtivets are gwod, though geiiuially edifieed villi
small housw; and scvor.il new building operations were
projected or begun in 1S65. Tlio town-hall and mar-
ket-hall were erected in that year. The bridge was
built about 131.'^, by r.ishop Trevor; figures, in jiopular
estimation, as one of the seven wonders of -North Wales;
and is a singular structure, with four pointed arches, —
the two middle ones smaller than the two end ones. Tho
water-works were constructed, under the direction of a
local board, in 18C5-6. Tho church is dedicated to St.
Collen; has a good carved oak roof of late perpendicu-
lar English date, sai I to have been brought from tho
abbey of Valle Crueis; and was enlarged, by the addi-
tion of chancel and S aisle, in 1SG5, at a cost of £2,500.
The church-yard contains a monument to Lady Eleanor
Butler and Jliss Ponsonby, who resided in the neigh-
bouring cottage ornt'e of Plas Newydd, acquired great
local reputation as the " maids of Llangollen," and dicil
in 1829 and 1831. A weekly market is held on Satur-
day; fairs are held on the hist Friday of Jan., 17 March,
31 lilay, 21 Aug., and 22 Nov.; and brewing, flannel-
making, and woollen -cloth -making, are carried on.
Pop. of the town, about 3,000.
The vale extends about 8 miles E and W from Eglwys-
eg vale to Wynustay, tho seat of Sir V/. W. Wynn,
B.art. ; bears the alternative name of Glyndwrdwy ; i3
richly diversified iji its own features along both sides,
and flanked or overhung by mountains; has long been
noted, among tourists, as presenting the loveliest and most
romantic series of views in Wales ; but disappoints tho
expectation of some travellers, when seen in unpropitious
weather, under disadvantageous lights, or from ill-chosen
stand-points. Two objects of great interest in it are a
canal aqueduct, 2.000 feet long and 120 feet high, con-
structed in 1795-1.S05, by Telford, at a cost of £47,018,
— and a railway viaduct 1,531 feet long; and other ob-
jects of interes*- are Eliseg pillar, S feet high, Valle Cru-
ets abbey niins, Llandys.-ilio Hall, a vower near Crov/
castle, the ruin of Rh3'dydris, the Eglwyseg rocks, the
Castell-Oinas ancient liritish camp, perched on an emi-
nence 610 feet above the river, Trevor Hall, Pcngv.'ern,
Plas-y-Pentre, and the Waterloo tower, erected to com-
memorate tlie victory of Waterloo.
The parish is cut into the divisions of Llangollen-
Traian and Glyn-Traian. Tlie L. T. div. comprises tho
townships of Llangollcn-Abbots, Llangollen- Fawr, Llan-
gollan-Fechan, Bache, Cysyllte, Dinbren, Eglynys-
Eagle, Pengwern, Rhysgog, Trevor-Issa, Trevor-Ucha,
and Vivod; ami the G. T. div. comprises those of Cil-
cochwin, Crogen - Iddon, Croggen-w- Ladies, Erwalln,
Havodgynfawr, Nant\'gwrvd, and Talygaith. Acres,
20,176. Real property, £19,876; of which £2,041 aro
in quarries, £285 in railwavs, and £50 in gas-works.
Pop. in 18.il, 5,260; in ISO], 5,799. Houses, 1,296.
The property is subdivided. Sychnaint, or Sychartli,
is said to have been the seat of Owen Glendower. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value,
£350.* Patron," the Bishop of St. Asaph. The p. cu-
racies of Pontfadog and Trevor aro separate benefices.
LLANGOLLEN RAILWAY, a railway in Denbigh
and Merioneth; up the vale of the Dee, from Ru.abon to
Corwan; and con^jisting of two portions, the Vale of
Llangollen and the Llangollen and Corwen, meeting in a
joint-station at Llangollen. Tho V. of L. jiortion is 5
miles long, and was authorized in 1859, and opened in
1862 ; and the L. and C. poitioii is 10 miles long, and
Wius authorized in 1860.
LLANGOLMAN, or C.vim'.i.-Golman, a parish in Nar-
berth district, Ponibioke; on the river Cieddau, under
I'recelly mountain, 5 miles N of Narbcrtli-Road r. st.i-
tion, and 8 N of Narberth. Post-town, Narberth.
Acres, 2,912. Ileal pioiiertj-, £1,218. Pop., 282. Houses,
5S. The ]uojierty is much subdivided. Slate is found.
The living is a p. curacy, united with the p. curacy of
Lhiiidilo, in tho diocese of St. David's. Value, £97.
Patron, H. W. Bowen, Esq. The church is dedicate. I
to St. Giiliiiaii, and was reported in 1859 a.s very bad.
LLANGUNOYD, or Li,.vn&v.\\vyi), a parish in Nealh
and Biidgend ■listricts, Glamorgan; on tlie upper part
of the river I.Iynvy, and on the Llyiny railway, oil
LLANGOIISE.
112
Lr.A^^GUNIDE^.
jv-hicli it has a station, 6 miles NNW of Briagein]. It
comprises the hamlet of Higher Llangonojtl in Neath
ilistrict, and the hamlets of iliddle Llangouoyd, Lo-.ver
l.langonoyd, and Cwnidu in Bridgend distriof, and it
contains the villages of JIaesteg and Spellt-rAVorks,
each of which has a post-office under Bridgeud. Acres
of Higher L., 6,541. Pop. iu ISol, 1,493; in 1861,
2,1S7. Houses, 409. The increase of pop. :irose from
the extension of the iron and coal trades. Acres of Mid-
dle L., 3,076. Pop. in 1851, 329; iu 1861, 3-24. Houses,
60. Acres of Lower L., 2,027. Pop. iu 18-51. 304; in
1861,337. Houses, 68. Acres of Cwmdu, 3,S13. Pop.
in 1851, 3,350; iu 1861, 4,154. Houses, 797. The in-
crease of pop. arose from the extension of the iron manu-
factory. Real property of the parish, £20,921; of
\/tiich £7,270 are iu mines, and £8,903 in iron-works.
The surface is hilly. Cevn Udva is an ancieat seat of
the Mackwortlis. There are ruins of an old castle, and
remains of several ancient camps. The parish was a re-
treat of Edward II. in his adversity. The living is a
vicarage, united with the chapelries of Baidan, llaesteg,
and Spelter- Works, in the diocese of Llaudatt Value,
£300.* Patron, the Biahop of Idandaft'. The church
is dedicated to St. Cynwyd. There are a chapel of
case at Maesteg, several dis.senting chapels, a national
school, and three British schools. A ruined chapel is in
Baidan.
LLANGOESE, a parish and a sub-district in the dis-
trict and county of Brecon. The parish lies on Llan-
goree lake or M^Ti-Savaddan, and on the river Llynvi,
34 miles S of Talyllyn-Junction r. station, and 64 ESE
of Brecon; and has a post-office under Herefoni. Acres,
2,806. Keal property, £2,214. Pop., 414. Hon?es, 85.
The property is much suhdivided. C\\Tt-y-Prin belonged
to Brecon priorj*. Llangorse lake measurps about 5
miles in circuit; displays scenery of a mixedly gloomy
and beautiful character; is much frequented f:>r jiike-
fishing and wild-fowl shooting; was fislieil by the monks
of Brecon daily in Lent, and three days weekJy during
the rest of the year, under restriction of their u^:ng only
one boat; and is traditionally alleged to cover the re-
mains of a quondam city. The liring is a vivwrage in
the diocese of St. David's. Value, £160.* Patrons, the
Dean and Canons of Windsor. The church i.^ dedicated
to St. Palinus, has a good cradle roof, and was recently
repaired. Charities, £5. — The sub-district contains also
ten other parishes, and part of another. Acres, 28,322.
Pop., 2,900. Houses, 594.
LLANGORWEN, a chapelry in Llanb.i.-hjm-Fawr
parish, Cardigan; near Aberystmth r. station. It was
constituted iu 1804; and its po.st-town is Aberjstwith.
Pop., 1,025. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
St. ]:)avid's. Value, £93. Patrons, Trustee.?.
LLANGOVEN, a parish in the district and county of
Monmouth ; 2j miles S by E of Kaglan-Footpath r. sta-
tion, and 5J SW of ilonmouth. Post-town, Monmouth.
Acres, 1,889. Red property, £1,654. Pop., 137.
Houses, 24. The property is much divided. The liv-
ing is a p. curacy, united with the p. curacy of Pen-y-
Clawdd, in the diocese of Llandatf Value, £120.*
Patrons, the Dean and Chajjter of Llandaff. Thi church
is dedicated to St. Goven, and is good. Charit;?s, £13.
LLANGOWEK, a parish comprising the townships of
Llangowor-Isafon and Llangower-Uwchafon in Bala dis-
trict, Jlerioneth; on the E side of Bala lake, under the
lierwyn mountains 2J miles S by W of Bula r. station.
Post-town, B.ila, under Corwen. Acres, 5, 'J'.O. Real
property, £881. Pop., 345. Houses, 72. The jiro-
perty is divided among a few. ^luch of the ?urface is
bare upland. Traces of a Roman camp are on C.ier-Gai;
and Roman tiles have been found there. The living is
a rcctoiy in the diocese of St. Asaph. Val':e, £136.*
Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Gwyr, is good, and has a tower. E. Lloyd,
author of " Meddyginiaetli," was rector.
LLAN'GRANOG, a village and a jiarisli in Xewcastle-
iu-Emlyn district, Cardigan. Tlie village star;!, on the
coast, 9 iiiilcs N of Ncwcastle-Endpi r. station; is a
hi-abathin;: resort; and has a post-office una-. r Carmar-
then. The parish comprises 4,338 acres of land, and 45
of water. Ileal property, £2,237. Pop., 880. Houses,
227. Pigeousford and tlie Rectory are chief residences.
A rock, resembling a huge chair, is called Yr-Eistcddfa;
and tliere is a barrow. Tlie living is a vicarage in the
diocese of St. David's. Value, £240.* Patron, the
Bishop of St. David's. The church is dedicated to St.
C'aranog, and stands under a high rock in a little dingle
J of a mile from the shore. There is a parochial school.
LLANGREDIFEL. See PESMT.VYDn.
LLANGRISTIOLUS, a parish in the district and
county of Anglesey; on the Anglesey Centnd railway,
14 mile S of Llangefni. Post-town, Llangefni, Angle-
sey. Acres, 3,933. Real property, £4,003. Pop., 881.
Houses, 212. The pi-operty is subdivided. Coal and
building-stone are found. The living is a rectory, united
with the p. curacy of Ccrregceinwen, in the diocese of
Bangor. Value, not reported.* Patron, the Bishop of
Bangor. The church is dedicated to St. Cristiolus; was
built on the site of one erected in 610 ; and is good. The
charities consist chiefly of poors' cottages. Maurice,
the Margaret professor of Divinity, was a native.
LLANGRWYDDO.V, or Llax-v-Gwtryfon', a par-
ish in Aberystwith district, Cardigan ; on the river
Wyrai, under Jlynydd- Bach lull, 74 mUes S by E of Abcr-
j'stwith r. station. Post-town, Aberystwith. Acres,
3,846. Real propert}-, £2,073. Pop., 557. Houses,
131. Turf fuel is obtained. The liviug is a p. curacy
in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £176. Patron,
J. P. B. Chichester, E.sq. The church is dedicated to
St. Ursula, and has an ancient pillar-cross.
LLANGSTONE. See L.^ngstose, Monmouth.
LLANGUA, a parish in the district of Hereford and
county of Monmouth; on the river ^lonnow, adjacent to
the Hereford and Abergavenny railway, at the boundary
with Herefordshire, I4 uiile SSW of Pontrilas r. station,
and 10 NE of Abergavenny. Post-town, Abergavenny.
Acres, 695. Real property, £833. Po]>., 114." Houses,
23. The property is subdivided. A small monastic
establishment was here. The living is a rectory in tlie
diocese of Ltandall'. Value, £120. Patron, J. L. Scud-
amore, Esq. The church was reported in 1859 as bad.
LLANGUICK, or Llanchvg, a j>arish in Neath dis-
trict, Glamorgan; on the river Tawe, the Swansea canal,
and the railway up the Tawe valley, 54 miles NW by N
of Neath. It contains the hamlets of Alltgreig, Blaenegcl,
Caergwrwain, and MawT ; and its post-town is Neath.
Acres, 12,550. Real property, £13,991; of which £4,487
are in mines, £2,000 in ironworks, and £66 in railways.
Pop. in 1851, 4,229; in 1861, 7,983. House.s, 1,530.
The increase of pop. arose mainly from the opening of
new collieries, and from the extension of the iron trade.
The property is subdivided- Coal, culm, anthracite,
and ironstone are worked. The living is a p. curacy, iu
the diocese of St. David's. Value, £103. Patron, i'. E.
Lloyd, Esq. The church is dedicated to St. Ciwg, and
is of fair character. A portion of tlie cha])elry of Cwm-
animan, with a pop. of 1,645 in 1861, is within the
parish.
LLAXGUINOR. See Ll.lnceinor.
LLANGUNIDER, or Li.ANGY.\ri)EK, a parish and a
sub-district in Cri'.khowcll di.strict, Brecon. The ]iarish
lies on the river Usk, the Brecon canal, and the Trivfl
tram railway, 4]- miles W by N of Crickliowell, and 6
N of Nautyglo r. station; includes a mount.iuu mass
called M}iiyd>l-Llangunidur; contains a small but beauti-
fully situated village of its own name; contains also the
parcel of Vro, and the parcel of Blainey-with-Duffryn;
and has a post-oliice under Crickhowell. Acres, 13,908.
Real property, £9,24 t; ofwliich £1,356 are in quarries,
and £122 in mines. Pop. in 1851, 3,246; iu 1801, 3,591.
Houses, 761. Limestone and coal are worked ; and
many of the inhabitants are emjiloyed in the neighbour-
ing Clydach ironworks. Some .scenery, particularly at
Buckland-JIill and Dull'ryn-Crownnn, is very hue. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
£418.* Patron,' the Duke of Beaufort. The church is
dedicated to St. Cynydr. Charities, £S. — Tlic sub-iii.-;-
trict is coiitcrm;n:ite with the varish.
LLANGUNLLO.
113
Lr,ANG\rYLLOG.
LLANGUNLLO, a parish in Newcastle-iu-Emlyn dis-
trict, Cardig-an; 3^ miles NE of Ncwcastle-Emlyn r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Npwc.istlc-F.mhii, uniler Carmarthen.
Acres, 3,650. Keal property, " i'2, 075. Pop., 5S7.
Houses, 130. Tho property is divided among a few.
i;ron\vydd and Gernos are chief residences. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of St. David's. Value, ;C148.*
Patrons, the Freeholders. The church is dedicated to
St. Cj-nllo, and is good.
LLAKGUNLLO, or Llangtnllo, a township and a
parish in Knighton district, Radnor. The township lies
on the river Lug, at a branch-junction of the Central
A\'ale=! railway, 5i miles WSW of Knighton; has a
station on the railway: and is cut into two sections,
lower and upper. Real property, i:i,460 and £2,017.
Pop., 447. Houses, 70. The parish contains also part
of the township of Heyop; and its post-town is Knigh-
ton, Radnorshire. Acres, 5,627. Pop., 599. Houses,
90. The property is much subdivided. The living is
a rectory in ths diocese of St. David's. Value, £98.*
Patron, the Bishop of St. Da-vid's. The church was
recently in need of some repair. Charities, £8.
LLANGUNNOCK, or Llangyxxog, a parish in the
district and county of Carmarthen; 3 miles S of the South
Wales railway, and 6 SW of Carmarthen. Post-town,
Cannarthen. Acres, 4,879. Real property, £3,883.
Pop., 717. Houses, 158. Tlie property is much sub-
divided. The manor bears the name of Peniin, and be-
longs to the Morrises of Cwm. The living is a p. curacy,
annexed to the vicarage of Llanstephan, in the diocese of
St. David's. The church is dedicated to St. Cynog, and
is tolerable. There are an endowed school with £25 a-
year, and other charities £11.
LLANGUNNOE, a township in Llangarren parish,
Hereford: 5i miles &W of Ross. Pop., 71.
LLAryGUNKOR. See Llaxgwxxor.
LLANGWILLOG. See Llangwyllog.
LLANff\VJ\I, a parish in Chepstow district, Jlon-
roouth; on &n affluent of the river Usk, 34 miles E of
Usk r. statidn. It is cut into two divisions, Icha and
Ucha; and iis post-town is Usk, under Newport, Mon-
mouth. Acrt\s, 3,159. Real propertv of L. Icha, £731;
of L. Ucha, £2,309. Pop. of L. Irha, 57; of L. Ucha,
323. Houses, 9 and 62. The property of L. Icha is di-
vided among a few ; and that of L. Ucha is much subdi-
vided. A small monaster}-, a cell to Lira abbey in Nor-
mandy, was founded in the parish in 1183. The liWng
is a vicarage iu the diocese of Llandalf. Value, £83.*
Patron, the Bishop of Llandaff. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Hierora; is early decorated English; com-
prises fine nave and chancel, with a handsome tower on
the chancel N side ; presents features of unusual interest;
was restored in 1860; and contains an elaborately carved
rood-loft and screen. The parish has a share in Usk en-
dowed school.
LLANGWJI, or Lakgwm, a parLsh in Haverfordwest
district, Pembroke; on Milford haven, 4 miles ESE of
Johnston r. station, and 5 SE by S of Haverfordwest. It
lias a ferry on the haven, and a post-office, of the name
of Lang\vm, under Haverfordwest. Acres, 2,434; of
which 410 are water. Real property, £3,020; of which
£913 are in mines. Pop., 900. Houses, 188. The
property is divided among a few. There is a good oys-
ter fi.sher}-. The living is a rector\' in the diocese of
St. David's. Value, £100.* Patron, alternately Mrs.
0. Barlow and Sir J. Owen, Bart. The church is early
English, in good condition; and contains monuments of
the Roches.
LL.VXGWM, or Lla.vgwyx, a township and a parish
in tho district of Corwen and countv of Denbigh. Tlie
township lies on an aflluent of the river Dee, 7.^ miles AV
by N of Ci.rwen r. station; and has a jiost-ofGce, of the
name of Llangwin, under Corwen, .-•nd fairs on 8 Jlarch,
IS April, and 11 Aug. The parish contains also the
townships of (Jefn-Cymer, Disgarth., Llan, Llysdimel,
J^Iolfrc, Nant-Haulog, I'enyf()cd,"'a:id Rhos-y-JIambrych.
Acres, 10,578. Real property, f4,215. Pop., 980.
Houses, 191. Much of the surf^u:.- is waste upland. A
battle was fought within the jiarisli, iu the lOtii centiuy.
between Eidwal and .Aleredydd, princes of Wales. The.
living is a rectorv in the diocese of St. A.saph. Value,
£350.* Patr(m,"the Bishop of St. Asaph. There are
two chapels for Independents, two for Calvinistic Me-
thodists, one for AVeslevans, and charities £8.
LLANGWNADLE, "a parish in Pwllheli district,
Carnarvon; in the Llei-n peninsula, 12 miles AVSW of
Pwllheli r. station, and SA\ by S of Nevin. Post-towni,
Pwllheli. Acres, 1,243. Real property, £994. Pop.,
272. Houses, 61. The propertj- is divided among a
few. The living is a %-icarage in the diocese of Ban-
gor. Value, £.50. Patron, the Rev. G. A. Salusbury.
The church is dedicated to St. GwjTiodl; is a fine triple-
aisled edifice; and contains a good sculptured font. Char-
ities, £8.
LLANGWNNOR, or Llan-g\'xye, a parish in tlic dis-
trict and county of Carmarthen; on the river To^^■^•, near
the South "Wales railway, 1 mOe E of Carmarthen. It
contains the hamlets of Coedgain, Llandre, Velyndre,
Penddailwyn, and Pencwm; and its post-town is Car-
marthen. Acres, 5,795. Real property, £6,677; of
which £2,000 are in mines. Pop. in 1851, 1,157; in
1861, 1,250. Houses, 262. The property is much sub-
diWded. Ty-gwjii, now a farm-house, was the seat of the
Scurlock family, a daughter of whom was the second wife
of Sir R. Steele; and it is said to have been the place
where he wrote his " Constant Lover." The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £221.*
Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church is dedi-
cated to St. C}ti\t; stands among some fine old yew-
trees, on a spot commanding a magnificent view of tho
Towy's vaUey; is a small and primitive-looking edifice ;
contains a monument to Steele; and was recently in dis-
repair. Charities, £5.
LLANGWRIG. See Lla.vgirru;.
LLANGWSTENXIX, or Llan-Cystenyk, a parish
in Conway district, Carnarvon; on the Chester and Holy-
head railway, and on the river Conway, at the isthmus
of the Rhos peninsula, 3 miles ENE of Conway. Post-
town, Conway, Acres, 1,314; of which 64 are water.
Real property, £1,7S7. Pop., 674. Houses, 161. Cop-
per ore is mined. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese of St. Asaph. Value, i 145.* Patron, the Bishop
of St. Asaph. The church is dedicated to St. Constau-
tine, and occupies the site of one alleged to have been
founded before 330, by the Emperor Constantiue. Char-
ities, £16.
LLANGWYFAN, a parish in the district and county
of Anglesey; on the coast, 1 mile W of Aberffraw, and
3:i WSW of Bodorgan r. station. Post-town, Aberffraw,
under Bangor. Acres, 1,823; of which 82 are water.
Real property, £1,155. Pop., 200. Houses, 35. The
property is divided among a few. Limestone and mar-
ble are quarried; and mats are made from sea-weed. The
living is a p. curacy, anne.ved to the rectory of Trefdraeth,
in the diocese of Bangor. The church is dedicated to
St. Cwyvan ; stands on a small island which is under-
going erosion by the sea; and, in consequence of the
swamping of a narrow causeway which connected it with
the mainland, has been abandoned. Charities, £25.
_ LLANGWYFAX, a parL.h in Ruthin district, Den-
bighshire; on an affluent of the river Clwyd, under Mod-
Arthur, 5 miles E by S cf D;'nbigh r. station. It con-
tains the townships of Llan, Cefn-3--g\vrdy, Coydiog, and
Gales; and its post-town is Denbigh. Acres, 1,136.
Real property, £1,459. Pop., 240. Houses, 52. Glany-
wern is a chief residence. .Much of the land is hill.
Moel-Arthur ha.s an altitude of 1,491 feet. The living is
a rectory in the di^jcesc of St. Asaph. Value, £209.*
Patron, the Bishoji of Llandaff.
LLANGWYLLOG, a parish, with a railway station,
in the district and county of Anglesey; 3;] miles SSE of
Llancrchvuifild. Post-town, Llangefni, Anglesev. Acres,
2,301. Real pro].frty, £2,127. " Pop., 207. ' Houses,
32. The property is diviihd among a few. Roman
coins have tiecn found. The living is a vicarai'i- in the
diocese of llangor. V.ihie, £185. Patron. Sir R. B. "W.
Bulkclcj-, Bart. Tiie church is dedicated to St. Cwjilog,
and is good.
LLANGYBI.
114
LLANHO'WELL.
LLANGWYN. See Llangwm, Denbigh.
LLANGYBI, a parish, with a villa£,'e, in Pwllheli dis-
trict, CarnaiTon; in the Lleyn isthmus, near Avon-
Wen r. station, and 5 miles NNE of Pwllheli. Post-
town, Pwllheli. Acres, 4,519. Real property, £.3,162;
of which £42 are in qu.irries. Pop., 622. Houses, 127.
The property is subdivided. Slate is quairied. A min-
eral well is at the village. The living is a rectory,
united with the rectory of Llauarmou, in the diocese of
Bangor. Value, £500. Pati'on, the Bishop of Bangor.
The church is dedicated to St. Cybi, and was reported in
1859 as bad. There are an Independent chapel, two
Calvinistic Jlet&odist chapels, and charities £27.
LLANGYBI, a parish in Lampeter district, Cardigan;
4 miles NE by N of Lampeter r. station. It has a post-
office under Carmarthen. Acres, 1,809. Eeal property,
£807. Pop., 292. Houses, 60. The property is di-
vided among a few. An ancient camp is at Castell-
Goedtref. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
St. David's. Value, £60. Patron, alternately the
Earl of Lisbume and Lord Carrington. The church is
good ; and there are an Independent chapel, and two
Calvinistic Methodist chapels.
LLANGYNDEYRX. See Ll.vxgesdeirne.
LLANGYNELLO. See Llangfnllo.
LLANGYNFELIN. See Llancynfeli.v.
LLANGYNHAFAL. See Llangakhafal.
LLANGYNIDER. See LL.l^•GUNIDE^..
LLANGYNIEW, a township and a parish in Llan-
fyllin district, ilontgomery. The township lios on the
river Einion, a little aboi'e its influx to the VjTnwy, 2,^
miles NE of Llanfair, and 7 W by N of Welshpool r.
station. The parish contains also the townsliips of
Cynhinfa, Gwaenynog-lsaf, and Malthyrafal ; and its
post-town is Llanfair -C'aereinion, under "Welshpool.
Acres, 4,513. Real property, £5,991. Pop., 602.
Houses, 119. A seat of the princes of Po\n's, and of the
Viponts, stood here, and was burned in the time of King
John. The land is hiUy, but cultivated to the summits;
and it includes some wood and some turbar\'. There are
two ancient British camjis. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £500.* Patron, the Lord
Chancellor. The church is early P^ngUsh, and contains an
ancient carved screen, an ancient font, and a tablet to
the Welsh scholar, Dr. Evans. Parts of the chapelries of
Pont-Dolanog and Pont-Robert are within the parish.
There are chapels for Independents and Calvinistic iletho-
dists, a national school, and charities £7.
LLANGYNIN. See Llanginning.
LLANGYNLLO. See Llanguxllo, Radnor.
LLANGYNXOG. See Llangunxock.
LLANGYNOG, a jiarish in Builth district, Brecon;
under Jlynydd-Epjiit mountains, 3^ miles S by E of
Builth r. station. Post-town, Builth, Breconshire.
Acres, 1,429. Real property, £363. Pop., 51. Houses,
11. The siu'face is hilly. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of St. David's. Value, £69. Patron, the Bishop
of St. David's. The church is dedicated to St. Cynog.
LLANGYNOG, a village and a parish in Llani'yllin
district, Jlontgomery. The village stands at the con-
fluence of the rivers Tauat and Eiarth, on a picturesque
site, under lofty hills, 7!, miles NW of LknfyUm r. sta-
tion; and has a pust-ulSce under Oswestry, and fairs on
6 Ma)', 9 Aug., and 3 Sept. The parish includes the
townships of Tro-y-Llan and lYe-Rhiwarth. Acres,
3,223. Real i>roperty, £1,244; of which £3C0 are in
quanies. Pop., 601. Houses, 125. Llcchweddgarth
is a chief residence. Craig-Rhiwarth soars morally above
the N side of the village ; and a lofty, though less abnipt,
hUl-range, shelters it on the S. The rocks are of the
Llandilo flag formation; include black slates and cal-
careous flagstones ; liuve strata from 400 to 500 feet
thick; and are richly charged with fossils. A lead mine
was opened in 1692, at Craig-}--M\vyn ; belonged to the
Powys family; was worked, lor Juany years, at an annual
prolit of ibout £20,000; suffered an irmption of water,
which stopped its operations ; was resumed, after a time,
by a company; and has subsequently been worked with
varying success. There are likewise other iiiines, and a
slate quarry. A project has been ventilated to prolong
the Llanfyllin railway to LlangjTiog. The liviug is a rec-
tory in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £126.* Pa-
tron, the Bishop of St. Asaph. The church is dedicated
to St. Cynog. Remains of an ancient chapel of St. Mono-
cella are at Pennant-Melan<;elL
LLANGYNAYYD. See Ll.u,-goxoyd.
LLANGYNYR. See Llakgwnxor.
LLANHAMLACH, or LLANAiiMWi.cn, a village and a
parish in the district and county of Brecon. The vil •
lage stands on the river Usk, the' Brecon canal, and thfr
Via Julia montana, under the Brecknock Beacons, and
near the Hereford and Brecon railway, 3i miles SE of
Brecon; and is a seat of petty sessions. The parish con-
tains also the hamlet of Llcchfaen; and its post-town is
Brecon. Acres, 1,867. Real property, £1,972. Pop.,
304. Houses, 68. The ]iroperty is divided anion'T a
few. The manor belonged to Bernard Newinarch, went
to the WaUbeofl'es, and belongs now to tlie Powells.
Petei-stone is the residence of C. Myei-s, Esq. The
remnant of a cromlech, called Ty-Illtyd, is at ilanest
Court. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, not reported. Patron, the Rev. T,
Powell. The church was rebuilt in 1802, retains the
tower of a previous editice, and is shaded by massive
yew-trees.
LLANHARAN, a parish in Bridgend district, Gla-
morgan; on the river Ewenny and on the South Wales
railway, 3 miles WNW of Llantrissaut r. station, and
7J NE by E of Bridgend. Post-town,. Cowbridge.
Acres, 3,050. Real projierty, £1,835. Pop., 299.
Houses, 57. The projierty is divided among a few.
Llauharan House is a chief residence. Coal, limestone,
iron, and lead arc found. The living is a p. curac}',
annexed to the rectory of Llanilid, in the diocese of
Llandalf. The church was rebuilt in ISoO; is in the
geometric decorated style; and consists of nave and chan-
cel, with vestry and bell-turret. Charities, £10.
LLANHARY, a j)arish in Bridgend district, Glamor-
gan; 3,| miles SW of Llantriss;int r. station, and 4 N of
Cowbridge. Post-town, Cowbridge. Acres, 1,554.
Real property, £2,962; of which £1,600 are in in'ines.
Pop., 275. Houses, 63. The property is much sub-
divided. Coal is worked; and a stiatum of ironstone, 5-
feet thick, and accompanied with remains of Roman
■workings, was recently discovered. The living is a rec-
tory in the diocese of Llandafl". Value, £120.* Patron,
Mrs. B. Jenkins. The cliurch is dedicated to St. Aran,
and was reported in 1859 as bad. Charities, £10.
LLANHENNOCK, a parish in Newport district, Mon-
mouth; on the river Usk, 1^ mile NE byX of Caerleon,
and 4 N by W of Llanwern r. station. Post-town, Caer-
leon, under Newport, Jlonmouth. Acres, 1,506. Real
property, £1,639. Pop., 22S. Houses, 43. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Llaiidaff. Value, £64. Patrons, the
Dean and Chapter of Lhiudaif. The church is good.
LLANHIDDEL, or Llanhilleth, a parish, with a
village, in Pontypool district, Monmouth; on the river
Ebbw, and on the Western A'alleys railway, near Aher-
bec" Junction r. station, and ih miles WNW of Ponty-
pool. Post-town, Pontypool. Acres, 2,013. Real pro-
perty, £4,212; of which £1,S07 are m mines, £11 in
quarries, and £10 in railway-. Pop. in ISSl, 899; in
1861, 1,020. Houses, 203. The increase of pop. arosu
riiaiuly from the ])resence of workmen employed in the
Viaduct works. The property is divided among a few.
Coal is worked. There are an ancient British camp an.l
tumuli. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Llan-
dalf. Value, £109.* Patron, the Eari of Abergavenny.
The church is dedicated to St. Iltyd, and is good; aiid
some .old vew-trees are near it.
LLANillR. See Llanyiie.
LLANHOWELL, a parish in na\-erfordwcit district,
Pembroke; 44 miles NE by E of St. David'.s, and 12
N W of Haverfordwest r. station. Post-town, Llandclov,
under Haverfordwest. Acres, 1,381. Real proiierty,
£1,1)16. Pop., 184. Houses, 37. Tlie property is
much subdi^'ided. The living is a vicarage, anue.\ed to
LLA^'IDA^^
115
LLANIGON.
Iho vicani'^o of Llandcloy, in the diocese of St. David's.
The churcTi is deJioateil to St. Iloel, aud is good.
LLANilYCHAX. See Llasychan.
LLANIDAN, a parish aud a sub-district ia tlio district
of Carnarvon and county of Anglesey. Tlie parish lies
on the Menui strait, 4 miles NNE of Carnarvon, and 4
SSWofLlaafairr. station; and contains the villageofBryu-
shenkin. Post-town, Bangor. Acres, 4,645; of which 3S4
are water. Keal property, with Llaufair-yn-C\vmni\vd,
£5,187. Pop., 1,3-23. Houses, 319. The property is
divided among a few. Llanidan House is a seat of Lord
Boston. The parish is notable, both for large connexion
■with the ancient Druids, aud for military operations of
the Romans: it formerly had many remains of both,
which have disappeared; and it still retains, within dis-
tances of little more than a mile of the village, Tre 'r
Driw, the spot where the Archdruid resided,— Brein-
gwj-n, a circular hoUow where the Druidic tribunals
wore held, — a cromlech, 9 feet long and 7 feet broad, at
Perthiduon,— a smaller but well-preserved cromlech at
Bodow}T,— semicircular dykes, at Gwychyn and CasteU-
Edris,— vestiges of a Koman station at Caerleh, — and
traces of a Koman road going thence to the Menai.
Another great notability was the Slaen-Morddwydd, or
Thigh-stone, which was fabled and believed to possess
the miraculous power of always returning to its site if
moved away from it, aud which figures thaumaturgically
in the pages of Giraldus. The Koiuans effected their
landings, under Suetonius and under Agricola, in the
neighbourhood; and they here massacred the Druids.
The living is a vicarage, united with the p. curacies of
Llaned\vyn, Llanddaniel-Fab, and Llaufair-yn-Cwmmwd,
in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £292. Patron, Lord
Boston. The church stands near Brynsheukin, and is
modern. The previous church stood near Plas Llan-
idan; succeeded one of 616; belonged to the priory of
Beddgelert; and went into such decay as to be incapable
of restoration. There are a Calvinistio Methodist chapel
and a public school. Kowland, the antiquary, was vicar;
and he described the antiquities of the parish in his
"Mona Antiqua." Williams, the manager of the Parys
copper mine, was a resident. — The sub-district contains
also four other parishes. Acres, 19,199. Pop., 3,313.
Houses, 807.
LLANIDLOES, a small town, a parish, two sub-dis-
tricts, and a hundred, in Montgomeryshire. The town
stands on the river Severn, at the inllux of the Clywedog,
and on the ilid Wales railway, at the junction of the
lines toward Builth and Lampeter, amid an almost com-
plete circle of hill^, 11 miles E of tlio summit of Plin-
limraon, and 19 SW of ilontgomery; comprises two
principal streets crossing each other at right angles, aud
several inferior streets; was formerly edificed mainly
with timber-framed houses, but has undergone much im-
provement by reconstruction with better houses, and by
modern extension; presenrs an agreeable and prosperous
appearance ; is a resort of tourists, both for sake of the
surrounding scenery in general, and for the ascent of
Plinlimmou; and has a head post-oflice,t designated
Llanidloes, ilontgomery, a railway station with tele-
graph, three chief inns, two bridges across the Seveiii, a
towu-liall, a cliurch, four dissenting chapels, a national
school for both sexes, and charities £53. The line of
railway from it toward Larajieter was in course of forma-
tion in 1S6.5-7. One of the bridges over the Severn is a
liatulsonie stone stnicture, with three arches. Tlietowii-
liall u a massive building, in the old frame-work style.
The tlairch is dedicated to St. Idloe; was rebuilt about
IGOO; retains the tower of a previous edifice; is one of
the most beautiful and unique churches in Wales; has
pier-cajiitals ornauieiitel with carved palm loaves; has
also a carved oak roof, the liammer-lieams of whieli are
exqui-sitely terminated, on each side, with 17 winged
ligurcs holding shieULs; and is said to have got these de-
corations from the monastery of Abbey-cwin-IIir. The.
dissenting chapels are lor Indi'pen'lents, Baptists, Cal-
vinistio Metlu"lLsts, and Wtsleyans. A weekly market
ii held on Satunby; a fair is lield on tlie Sat unlay be-
fore the last Tuesday of every mouth ; the manufacture
of flannel is carried on ; and some trade exists in connex-
ion with corn and spinning mills, and with slate and
stone quarries. The town was chartered in the time of
Edward IlL, by the lords of Powys; received a charter
from Henry VIII. ; is governed, under the new act, by a
mayor, 4 aldermen, and 12 councillors; unites with
Montgomery, Machynlleth, Llaufyllm, Newto\™, and
Welshpool in sending a member to parliament; and is a
seat of petty sessions and county courts, and a polling-
place. Pop. in 1S51, 3,045; in 1861, 3,127. Houses,
732.
The parish is cut into two divisions, lower and upper,
a part of each of which is within the borough; and it in-
cludes the townships of Brithdir, C^oesll^^7bir, GljTi-
hafren, HengSTiwithlach, Slanleth, Tretlyn, Ystradynod,
and Cillmachallt. Acres, 15,790. Real property,
£12,262; of which £343 are in mines, £2,000 in rail-
ways, and £50 in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 4,604; in
1861, 3,987. Houses, 867. Pop. in 1861 of the lower
div., 1,965; of the upper div., 2,022; of tlie part of the
lower div. within the borough, 1,303; of the part of the
upper div. within the borough, 1,824. Some iine spots
and charming views are within the parish; and a lake of
about 100 acres, called Llyn - Ebyr, abounding with
trout, perch, and pike, is on high gi'ound overlooking the
vale of Tarannon, about 3 miles N of the town. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Bangor. Value,
£220.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The two sub-
districts are Lower L. and Upper L.; the former con-
taining the lower div. of Llatudloes parish, and all Tref-
eglwys parish; the latter containing the upper div. of
Llanidloes p;\rish and all Llangoirig parish; and both in
the district of Newtown. Pop. of the lower sub-d., 3,666,
of the upper sub-d., 3,663. Houses, 717 and 743.— The
hundred contains scven parishes. Acres, 124,923. Pop.
in 1851, 9,402; in IS'jI, 8,518. Houses, 1,489.
LLANIDLOES AND NEWTOWN RAILWAY, a rail-
way in lilontgomeiysbire; from a junction with the Iilid
AVales line at Llamiloes, 12J miles north-eastward, to a
innotion with the Oswestry and Chester line at Newtown.
'it was authorized in 1853, on a capital of £60,000; it
acquired further powers in 1856, 1859, 1861, and 1S62;
and it has workirg agreements with the Shropshire
Union, the Mid Wales, and the Loudon aud North-
western.
IiLANIESTYN, a parish in the district of Bangor and
count}' of Anglesey; near Red Wharf bay, 3 miles NW of
Beaiunaris, and 7 N£ by N of Llaufair r. station. Post-
town, Beaumaris, Anglesej-. Acres, 1,663. Keal pro-
perty, £1,36.3. Pop., 212." Houses, 42. The property
is divided among a few. The living is a p. curacy, an-
nexed to the vicarage of Llangoed, in the diocese of
Bangor. The chui'jh is dedicated to St. Jestyu; was re-
built on the site of one wliich belonged to Llanfaes j>riory;
is early perpendicular English, in very poor condition;
and contains a curious font of the 12th century, aud an
inscribed slab, wirh inscription almost defaced, of the
14th century, supposed to commemorate St. Jestyn.
LLANIESTYN, a village and a parish in Pwllheli dis-
trict, Carnarvon. The village stands in the Lleyn pen-
insula, under Carn-Fadrin, 7i miles W by S of Pwlllieli
r. station, and 6 SSW of Nevin; is a considerable place;
and has a post-ottice under Pwllheli. — The parish com-
])riscs 4,256 acres. Real property, £3,896. Poj)., 1,012.
Houses, 242. The properly is divided among a few. The
niauDr belonged to Owen Gwynedd. Cevin-Amwlch is a
chief residence. Carn-Fadriu has an altitude of about
1,200 feet, and is crowned by an ancient camp. Leal
ore is found. Th*- liWng is a rectory, united with the p.
curacy of Llandeg-.'.Tiing, in the diocese of Bangor ; and,
till 1863, was ua"i:ed also with Penllech. Value, £595.^
Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The churcli has traces of
Norman, and is verv good. Charities, £19.
LLANIGOCII, a place 1 mile from Holyhead lu
Anulcscy; with a post-otlico under Holyhead.
LLANinON. a hamlet and a parish in Ilay .listriet,
Brecon. Tin- h iii.l-t lies near the liver Wye, tlie Here-
ford and Bie.'ou r. ilw.ay, the l>oundaiy wilii Horer(jrd-
sliire, and the D'..i:.-; mountain;, 2 miles S:5W of Hay.
LLANILAR.
116
LLANLLIBIO.
Real property, £3,459. Pop., 429. Houses, 91.— The
parish contains also the hamlet of Glpifach ; and its
post-town is Hay, under Hereford. Acres, 9,2;'G. Eeal
property, £3,810. Fop., 484. Houses, 104. The pro-
perty is much subdivided. Llanigon House, or Llan-
thomas, belonged to Earl Ferrers, and passed to the
GwjTies. PenjTwrlodd was the seat of the Watkinses,
and is now a farm-house. The living is a vicarage in
the diocese of St. David's. Value, £202. Patron, the
Lord Chancellor. The church is dedicated to St. Eigion,
and is good. There is an endowed school, with £10 a-
year; and the parish shares in Powell's charity at Brecon.
LLANILAR, a parish in Aberystwith district, Car-
digan; on the river Ystwith, adjacent to the Aberjst-
with, Tregaron, Lampeter, and Carmarthen ra'ilway, 5^
miles SE of Aberystwith. It comprises the two townslups
of L. -Lower and L. -Upper; and has a station on the rail-
wav, and a post-office under Aberystwith. Acres, 6,403.
Real property, £3,834. Pop., 947. Houses, 159. The
projierty is divided among a few. Birch Grove and
Castle HiU aie chief residences. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £95.* Pa-
tron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church is dedicated
to St. Hilary, and is good. There are an endowed school
with £9 a-year, and other charities £5.
LLANILID, a parish in Bridgend district, Glamorgan;
near the river Ogmore and the South Wales railw.iy, 4
rniles W by S of Cowbridge Junction, and 5 K by W of
Cowbridge. Post-town, Cowbridge. Acres, 1,574. Peal
property, £1,065; of which £110 are in mines. Pop.,
150. Houses, 27. The property is di\"ided among a few.
Coal is worked. The living is a rectoiy, united with the
p. curacy of Llanharan, in the diocese of Llandaff. Value,
£324.* Patron, the Bishop of I-landatf. The church is
dedicated to St. Hid, and is tolerable.
LLANILLTEKNE, a parish in Cardiff district, Gla-
morgan; on a branch of the river Ely, near the Tatf
Vale railway, 6 miles N\V of Cardiff. Post-town, Car-
diff. Acres, 1,080. Real projierty, £952. Pop., 150.
Houses, 32. 'The living is a p. curacy annexed to the
rectory of St. Pagan, in the diocese of Llandafi". The
church is dedicated to St. Illtyd, and stands near the
ruin of a previous cliurch.
LLANILLTYD. See Ilstox anp Lantwit.
LLANINA, a hamlet and a parish in Aberayron dis-
trict, Cardigan. The hamlet lies on New Quay bay, 4^
miles S\V of Aberayron, and 14 NW of Lampeter r. sta-
tion. Pop., 259. Houses, 58. — The parish contains
also the parcel of Cydplwyf; and its post-town is Llan-
arth, under Carmarthen. Acres, 1,99S ; of which 133
are water. Iteal property, £1,057. Pop., 498. Houses,
118. The property is divided among a few. The msnor
belonged to the Gw7ns of Mocl-Ifor. Llanina House is
a chief residence. The living is a vicarage, anne.xed to
the vicarage of Llanarth, in the diocese of St. Darid's.
The church is dedicated to St. Ina, and is tolerable.
LLANIO, a township in Llanddcwi-brefi parish, Car-
digan; on the river Teifi, and the Sam Helen wav. 2
miles SW of Tregaron. Acres, 1,228. Pop., 122.
Houses, 19. The Itoman station Loventium was here;
and Roman inscriptions, coins, bricks, and j)otterj' have
been found. Foundations of au ancient building, 150
feet by 72, were discovered in a field called Caer-Castell.
LLAKISHEN, a pari.sh in Cardiff district, Gkmorgan;
near the river Talf and the Tatf A''ale raUw.ay, 4 miles N
by W of Cai-diff. Post-town, Cardiff. Acres, 2,915.
Real property-, £2,481. Pop., 449. Houses, 81.
Llanishen House belonged to the Vaughans, pa.>sed to
the Lewises, and is now a ruin. The living is a vicirage
in the diocese of Llandatf. Value, £46. I'atrons, alter-
nately Baroness Windsor and C. K. Iv. TjTite, Esq. The
church is dedicated to St. Isan. There arc an endowed
school and other charities, with aggregateh" £33.
LLANISHEN, a parish in the district and county of
Monmouth; near Olway brook, 4 miles E by S of Llaa-
dcnny r. station, and" Gh S^W of Monmouth. Post-
town, Chepstow. Acres, 1,742. Re.ilpropei-ty, £1,904.
Pop., 320. Houses, 72. The property is divided among
a few. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Llan-
daff. Value, £64. Patron, the Duke of Beaufort. The
church is good. Charities, £22.
LLANISTWENDWY. See Llanystyxdwy.
LLANITHEON, a township in Bettws parish, Mont-
gomery; i\ miles N of Newto^vn. Pop., 181.
LLANITIIOG, an e.xtra-parochial tract in the district
and county of Hereford ; near Ross. Acres, 40. Pop., 17.
LLANKILKEN, or ']?r.ELL.\N, a township in Cilcen
parish, Flint ; under Jloel- Arthur, 7 miles S of Holy-
well.
LLANLLAWDDOG, a parish in the district and
county of Carmarthen ; on a branch of the river Gwili,
6.^ miles E by N of Conwil r. station, and 74 NNE of
Carmarthen. It contains the village of Rhydyrgane;
and its post-town is Carmarthen. Acres, 7,013. Real
propert}', £2,808. Pop., 696. Houses, 162. The pro-
perty is subdivided. The living is a vicarage united
with the vicarage of Llanpumpsaint, in the diocese of
St, David's. Value, £150. Patron, the Vicar of Aber-
gvvilly. The church is dedicated to St. Llawddog, and
is good. There is a Calvinistic Methodist chapel.
LLANLLAWER, a parish in Haverfordwest district,
Pembroke; on the river Gwa)-n, 2 miles ESE of Fish-
guard, ami 12 NNW of Clarbeston-Road r. station. Post-
town, Fishguard, under Haverfordwest. Acres, 1,202.
Real property, £687. Pop., 117. Houses, 21. Court
House is a chief residence. Much of the surface is hill.
There are Druidical and other antiquities. The living is
a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Llanychlwj-dog, in
the diocese of St. David's.
LLANLLECHID, a village, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict in Bangor district. Carnarvon. The villnge stands
near the river Ogwen, S.^ mUes S\V by S of Aber r. sta-
tion, and 34 SE of Bangor; and has a post-office under
Bangor, and a fair on 29 Oct — The parish contains also
the villages of Talybont and Bethesdii, and the hamlets of
BraichmelTO, Caelwvngrydd, Carnodili, Llidiart-y-
Gwenyn, and Pant-y-ffrj-dlas. Acres, 18,111. Real pro-
perty, £9,960; of which £850 are in quarries, and £60 in
gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 6,948; in 1861, 7,346.
Houses, 1,561. The increase of pop. aro.se from the ex-
tension of slate and stone quarrying. The property i3
divided among a few. Cochwillan was the birth-place of
Bishop 'Williams, and the residence of Archbishop Wil-
liams. The surface runs up the northern oflshoota
of Snowdonia, and includes Carneild Llewelyn and
Carnedd Da^-ydd, which have altitudes of 3,469 and
3,427 feet. The slate quarries are similar to the neigh-
bouring ones of Penrhyn. The living is a rectorj' in the
diocese of Bangor. Value, £465.* Patron, the Bishop
ot Bangor. The church is dedicated to St. Llechid, and
was rebuilt in 1845. The vic.arage of Glanog^ven is a
separate benefice. There are eleven dissenting chapels,
two national schools, two British schools, and charities
.about £20. The sub-distiict contains also two other
parishes. Acres. 33.465. Pop., 9,127. Houses, 1,911.
LLANLLECiN-VEL, a handet and a p.arish in Builth
district, Brecon. The hamlet lies on the rivers Irvoa
and Dulas, 6.J miles W bv S of Builth r. station. Acres,
2,834. Real ].roperty, £980. Pop.,i;5S. Houses, 33.—
The parish contains also the hamlet of Gwarafog; and it
is traverscil by the Sarn Helen way, sometimes called
Lleon, and seemingly the origin of part of the parish's
name. Post-town, Builth, Breconshire. Acres, 2,900.
Ee.al property, £1,327. Pop., 250. Houses, 43. The
property is divided among a few. Garth was the seat of
the Gwynnes, and is now a farm-house. The living is a
viearage in the diocese of St. Da%id's. Value, £60.
Patron, the^ Bishop of St. DaWd's. Tiie church contains
some mural monuments of the Gvvx-iuies, and was re-
ported in 1859 as not good.
LLANLLIBIO, a parish in the district and county of
Anglesey; near the Chester and Holyhead railway, 3
miles SE of Holyhead. Post-town, Holyhead. Acres,
826. Real property, £500. Pop., .'.9." Houses, 11.
The projierty is all' in one estate. Tlic living is a p.
curacy, aamexed to the rectory- of Llantri.saint, in tlio
diocese of Bangor. The church was dedicated to St.
Llibio, but has disappeared.
LLANLLOWELL.
117
LLANNEFVDD.
LLANLLOWELL, a pirish in Pontypool tlistrict,
Monmouth; on the river L'sk, 2 ruiles SSE of Usk r.
statijx I'o5t-to\™, L'sk, uuJer Newport, Monmouth.
Acrc=, 7yo. Keal property, i3S"2. Pop., S7. Houses,
10. The proi)erty is much subdivided. Tlie living is a
reotorr in the diocese of Llandafl'. Value, £130. Patron,
tLe Riv. F. A. "WiULims. The church is good.
LLAXLLUGAN, a parish in Newtown district, ilont-
f.Tniry; on the river Khiw, 4 miles SW of Llaut'air, and
7^ NW of Newtown r. station. Post-town Llaufair-
CMreiiion, under Welshpool Acres, 3,915. Keal pro-
f-eny, £1,530. Pop., 301. Houses, 57. The property
is divMed amoc^ a few. A Ciatertian nunnery was
foanie-i here in 1239; was given, at the dissolution, to
the DArcjs; and has left no traces. JIuch of the parish
is GpIan.L The living is a vicarage in the iliocese of St.
Asjph. Value, £00. Patron, the Lord of the Manor.
The chorch is early English, and was recently in dis-
reiviir.
LLANLLWCH, a chapeky in Carmarthen-St. Peter
parish, Canuarthciishire ; 2 miles SW of Carmarthen r.
station. It was constituted in 1S43; and its post-town
is Cancarthea. Pop., 896. Houses, 19S. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £120.
Patron, the Bishoi. of St. David's.
LLANLLWCH AIARN, a parish in Aberayion district,
Cariigaa; on the coast, at New Quay bay, oj miles SW
of Ab-rrayron, and 15 NNE of Neweastle-Emlyn r. sta-
tion. It contains the seaport village of New Quay, which
Las a p.Dst-oQce under Carmarthen. Acres, 3,249; of
•which "oS are water. Real property, £2,818. Pop., in
1551, 1,733: in 1S61, 1,976. Houses, 471. The pro-
prrtj is divided among a few. Many of the inhabitants
are employed in nshing. The living is a rectoiy iu the
diocese" nf St. Dand's. Value, £256.* Patron, the
ELsaop of St. David's. The church is dedicated to St.
Llwch'iiim; was rebuilt in 1865, at a cost of £1,100; and
is in -.he decoratoi English style, with 200 sittings.
LLANLLWCH.AIAKN, 3 parish in Newtown district,
Monrcjmery; on a Roman way, the river Severn, the
Moa:Z-omery cansd, and the Oswestry and Newtown rail-
way, Ik mile NE of Ne-.vto'wn r. station. It contains
the to-.msh:ps of Aberbechan, Kilcowen, Gwestydd, and
Hendidley; the two latter of which are within Newtown
borouirh. Post-town, Newtown. Acres, 4,426. Rated
property, £7,372. Pop. in 1851, 2,775; in 1861, 2,394.
Hjuses, 576. The decrease of pop. was caused partly by
the migration of canal boatmen, owing to the opening of
the rail -.vay. T'ne property is much subdivided. Newydd
Fraith is a chief residence. The living is a vicarage in
the 'lio^ese of St. Asaph. Value, £355."" Patron, the
BiiboD of St. Asar.h. The church was rebuilt in 1816.
LLANLLWYD.AN, a township in Llanfihangel-y-
PeaniEt parish, Merioneth; 74 miles SW of Dolgelly.
Pop., 37.
LLANLLWNY, a parish, with a village, in the dis-
trict of Lampeter and county of Cannarthen; on the river
Tc'lri, at the bo'andary with Cardigan, 9 miles SW of
Lam^-irter r. station. Post-town, Carmarthen. Acres,
P,624. Real property, £2,583. Pop., 776. Houses,
ISl. The proprit}' is much subdivided. JIaes Criggie
eci PerthyberlJan are chief residences. Monastic houses
were at Maes Nonny and Hen Briordy; and a barrow is
;it Y Castcll. The living is a vicarage, united with the
p. C-.-acv of Llanfihangel-Rhosvcom, in the diocese of
St. David'-. V.ilue, £103.^ Patron, the Bishop of St.
David's. Tiro '.hurch is dedicated to St. Llonio, and wa.s
recently in disre; air.
LLANLLY.VN, a township in Llanarthney parish,
Cannarthen; under ilvnvdd-Jfawr mountain, 74 miles
W of Llandilo-fawr. Pop., 677.
LLANLLYFNI, a vLU ige and a parish in the district
and county of Carnarvon. The village stands on the
river Llylni, a-lj icent to the Carnarvonshire railway,
unJcr Llj-ivd-Ma-.v r, 7 miles S of Carnarvon. — The parish
ooi^pris«s 7,521 acres. Post-town, Carnarvon. Real
VT'jT^rtv, £4,201; of which £186 are in quarries. Poj).
in lijl', 2,010; in 1851, 2,362. Hons-s, .v23. The pro-
l><-r:y is divided among a few. The surface includes
south-western heights of Suowdonia. The Llyfui river
issues from Nantlle lake, and nius 5 miles west-north-
westward to Carnarvon bay. Slate is quarried, and
copper and luauganeso ores are found. An old house, iu
Neath glen, is supi)Osed to occujjy the site of a residence
of Edward I. in 1284. Traces e.xist of ancient British
habitations. An ancient camp, called Craig-y-Diua.s, i*
on the Llyfni. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Bangor. Value, £240. Patron, the IJishop of Bangor.
The church is ancient, cruciform, and substantial. There
is a Cah-inistic Methodist chapel.
LLANLLYR, a seat in the S of Cardigan; on the
river Ayron, 64 miles SW of Lampeter. A monastic
establishment, a cell to Strata Florida abbey, stood here;
and was given, at the dissolution, to the Sackvilles.
LLANLODIAN (Is.VF and Ucuai), two townships in
Llanfair-Caereiniou parish, Montgomery; near Llanfair.
Real property, £2,104. Pop., 144 and 60.
LLANMADOCK, a parish in Sw;msea district, Gla-
morgan ; on the coast of the Gower peninsida, at the-
mouth of the river Burj', 9 J mUcs WSW of Loughor r.
station, and 14 W of Swansea. Post-town, Swansea.
Acres, 6,727; of which 5,335 are water. Real property,
£711. Pop., 225. Houses, 60. The property is divided
among a few. Llanmadock hill is crowned with a triple-
trenched Roman camp, and commands a fine view. A
bone-cave is on the coast, at SpritsaU Tor; and bones of
a human jaw, a rhinoceros, and hyenas were found in it
in 1839. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, £112. Patron, the Lord Chancellor.
The church is dedicated to St. Madoc, and was recently
in disrepair.
LLANMAES, a parish in Bridgend district, Glamor-
gan; near the coast, 4 miles SSW of Cowbridge r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Cowbridge. Acres, 1,035. Real jiro-
perty, £1,403. Pop., 164. Houses, 33. The property
is subdivided. Some remains exist of an ancient castle
of the Mellifonts. The parochial surface is open and fer-
tile; and the name LJanmaes signifies "a church on a.
plain. " The living is a rectory in the diocese of Llandaff.
Value, £275. Patron, the Marquis of Bute. The church
was recently repaired. The register recortls the death,
of two females, of the name of Yorath, in 1021 and 1668,
at the ages of ISO and 177.
LLANil.VREWlC. See Llanmerewig.
LLANMAKTIN, a parish in Newport district, Mon-
mouth; near the South Wales railway, 24 miles NE by
E of Llanwern r. station, and 4 ESE of Caerleon. It
contains the handet of Llaudevaud ; and its post-town
is Newport, Jlonmouth. Acres, 941. Real property,
£1,422. Pop., 181. Houses, 32. The property is di-
vided among a few. The living is a rectory, united \vith.
the rectory of Wilerick, in the diocese of Llandatf.
Value, £250.* Patron, W. P. Herrick, Esq. The
church is dedicated to St. JIartin, and is good. There
is a Calvinistic Methodist chapel. The parish has an in-
terest in the alms-horrse of Chepstow.
LLANMEREWIG, a parish in the district and county
of Montgomery; on the Oswestry and Newtown rail-
way, adjacent to the liver Severn and the jMontgomery
canal, 34 miles NE by E of Newtown. Post-town, New-
town. Acres, 978. Real property, £1,310. Pop., 143.
Houses, 28. The property is divided among four. A
Roman camp is at Giants Bank; and traces of a Roniau
road exist. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St.
Asaph. Value, £133. Patron, the Bishop of LlaudatF.
The church is good.
LLANMIHANGEL, or St. Mich.^el, a parish in
Bridgend district, Glamorgan; 2 miles SSW of Cow-
bridge r. station. Post-town, Cowbridge. Acres, 586.
Real property, £791. Pop., 29. Houses, 4. Llanmi-
hangcl Place was the seat of Judge Franklin; and passed,
through the Thomases, to the Earl of Duuraven. Tho
living is a rectory in the diocese of Lhmdatf. Value,
£142.* Patron, the Earl of Duuraven.
LL.\NNEl'"YDD, or Ll.\.xvvydd, a villago and a
parish in St. Asaph district, Denbighshire. The village
stands on tho -Vied brook, near the river Elwy, 5 luilea
\Y of Trefnant r. station, and 54 NW of Denbigh; and:
LLANNON.
118
LLANRHIDIAN.
rvd-Ty-CelTO, Mofouiog, Penfron-cliUl, and lalylnyn
Acres, 7,444. Rated property, £4,270. Pop., i,130.
Houses, 246. The property is divided among a lew.
The livin'T is a vicarage in the diocese of bt. Asaph.
Value £280. Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph, ihe
church is dedicated to St. JIatthew, and ^vas restored m
1859 A handsome national school was built in lbb7.
LLANNON, a hamlet in Llansaintffraid parish, Car-
digan; near the co;ist, 5.^ miles NE of Aberayron.
LLANNON, a parish and a sub-distnct in IJanelly
district, Carmarthen. The parish lies under iNlynydd-
Mawr mountain, 4i miles N"W of Pontardulais r. station,
and 6 NE of LlaneUy; contains the hamlets of Bleyne,
Glyn Goytre, and Ismorlais; and has a post-office under
Carmarthen, and fairs on 6 July and 12 Dec. Acres,
11 446 Real property, £6,658 ; of which £23o are in
mines. Pop., 1,656. Houses, 323. The property is sub-
divided The manor belongs to R. G. Thomas, Esq.
Mynydd-l^IawT has an altitude of 912 feet. Coal and iron-
stone are mined, and building-stone is quarried. A tram
road goes hence to LlaneUy. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of St David's. Value, £120. Patron, R.
G. Thomas, Esq. The church is dedicated to St. Non,
and is good.— The sub-district contains also Llanedy
parish, and Glyn-LlaneUy hamlet. Pop., 3,593. Houses,
712.
LLANNOR, a parish, with a village, in Pwllheli dis-
trict, Carnarvon; in the Lleyn peninsula, 3 miles NW of
Pwllheli r. station, and 4 ESE of Nevin. Post-to-mi,
PwllhelL Acres, 5,553. Real property, £5,197. Pop.
in 1851, 1,117; in 1861, 1,023. Houses, 233. Bodfjroes
belonged to the Glynnes, and passed to the Gritlilhs.
There" are some inscribed stones of the 6th centurj-.
The living is a vicarage, united with the p. curacy of
Dcnio or Pwllheli, in the diocese of Bangor. Value,
£195.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The church is
ancient. There are two Calvinistic Methodist chapels,
a national school, and charities £14.
LLANOVER, a village and a parish in Abergavenny
district, Itonmouth. The village stands on the river
Usk, near Penpergwm r. station, 3i miles SSE of Aber-
gavenny; is a considerable place; and gives the title of
Baron to the famUy of HaU. The parish is cut into two
divisions, lower and upper; and includes part of the
chapelry of Blaenavon. Post-to^vn, Abergavenny. Acres
of the lower div., 1,877. Real property, £3, 06L Pop.,
348. Houses, 64. Acres of the upper div., 2,865. Real
property, £13,420; of which £6,816 are in iron-works,
and £30 in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 2,600; in 1861,
3,942. Houses, 779. Theincrease of pop. arose from
the extension of the Blaenavon Irou and Coal Company's
works. Pop. in 1861, of the part in Blaenavon chapelry,
3,816. Houses, 747. The property is not much di-
vided. Llaiiover Court is the seat of Lord Llanover.
Part of the land is hUly, and is overhung by the
Blorenge. The living is a -ricarage in the diocese of Llan-
daff. Value, £300.* Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of
Llandafif. The church is a small uninteresHng building,
and w>s reported in 1859 as not good. The p. curacy of
Blaenavfon is a separate benefice. There are chapels for
Independents, Baptists, and Calvinistic Methodists, a
free school supported by Lady Llanover, and an endowed
school T\'ith £150 a-year.
LLANPENAL. See Bf.aenpenal.
LLANPUMPSAINT, a parish in the district and
county of Carmarthen; on the Cannarthen and Cardigan
railway, 64 miles N of Carmarthen. It has a starion on
the railway; and its post-town is Carmarthen. Acres,
4,079. Real property, £2,464. Pop., 543. Houses,
120. The property is much subdivided. The living is
a vicarage, annexed to the vicarage of Llanllawddog, in
the diocese of St. David's. The church is dedicated to
five saints, and was recently in disrepair. The^ name
Llanpumpsaint signifies "a church of five saints."
LLANRHAIAUK, a railway station and a sub-dis-
trict in Ruthin district, Denbighshire. The r. station
is on the Denbigh, Ruthin, and Corwen railway, within
Llaurhaidr-in-Kinmerch pai-ish, near the river Clwyd,
3} miles SE of Denbigh.— The sub-district contains
Llanrhaiadr-in-Kimiierch paiish, four other parishes, and
part of another. Acres, 21,897- Pop., 2,611. Houses,
562.
LLANRHAIADR, a sub-district in Llanfyllin dis-
trict, Montgomeryshire; containing four parishes elec-
toi-ally in Montgomeryshire, three parishes electorally in
DenbighsWre, and Llanrhaiadr - yn - Mochnant parish,
partly in ^l. and partly in D. Acres, 62,716. Pop.,
5,101. Houses, 1,069.
LLANRHAIADR-IN-KINMERCH, a village and a
parish in Ruthin district, Denbigh, The village stands
adjacent to Llanrhaiadr r. starion, Z\ miles SE of Den-
bi»h- and has a post-office, of the name of Llanrhaiadr,
nnde'r Rhyl, and a fair on 17 Oct. The parish contains
thelownshipsof Llan, Cader, Trefydd, By chain, Lewesog,
Llech, Llw^-n, Clicudeg, Prion, and Segrwyd. Acres,
16 976. Real property, £11,688. Pop., 1,888. Houses,
416. Llanrhaiadr Hall is the seat of the Price family.
The eminence called Gwladus' chair commands a fine
view. There is a water-fall; and from that arose tho
name Llanrh.aiadr, which signifies " a church of a water-
fall." Limestone, agates, and traces of copper ore are
found. Tlie living is a vicarage in the diocese of St.
Asaph. Value, £609.* Patron, the Bishop of St.
Asaph. The church is partly later English, partly ear-
lier ; lias a good timber roof, and a famous E window,
elaborately showing the genealogy of Christ; and con-
tains a curious monument to ilaurice Jones, Esq. Tha
vicarage of Prion is a separate benefice. There are
three 'calvinistic Methodist chapels, an endowed school
with £7 a-ycar, an ho,=;pital for eight poor persons mtb
£160, and other charities \vith £63.
LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT, a village and a
parish in the district of Llanfyllin and counties of Mont-
gomery and Denbigh. The village stands on the Den-
bighshire side of Llanrhaiadr rivulet, at the boundary
belween the counties, 4 miles NNW of Llanfyllin r. sta-
tion; is a small but beautifully situated place; and has
a posl-ofKce, of the name of Llanrhaiadr, under Oswestry,
a good inn, and fairs on the first Friday of ilarch, 5
:May, 24 July, 28 Sept. , and 8 Nov. The parish con-
tains also the townships of Aber-Marchnant, Brithdir,
Castellmoch, Cefn-Coch, Glanavon-fach, Glaiiavon-fawr,
and NantfyUon, in Montgomeryshire, and the townships
of Llanrhaiadr, Benhadlaf-Isaf, Benhadlaf-Uchaf, Garth-
er}T, Henfache, Homlet, Trebrys-fach, Trebrys-faw,
Trefeiliw, andTrewem in Denbighshire. Acres, 23,294.
Rated property, £11,217. Pop. of the Montgomery por-
tion, in 1851, 989; in 1861, 772. Houses, 181. Tho
decrease of pop. arose mainly from the removal of miners.
Pop. of the Denbigh portion, in 1851, 1,.^>39; in 1861,
1,532. Houses, 325. The jiroperty is much subdivided.
The surface is largely upland; includes some grand scen-
ery; and culminates, at the boundary with Merioneth,
on the summit of Cader-Berwyu, which has an altitude
of 2,562 feet. The Rhaiadr rivulet issues from a small
tarn called IJyn-Caws, in a deep coom at the skirt of
Cader- Berwyn; traverses a deep and savage glen to the
vicinity of the village; falls, soon afterwards, into the
Tanat; and has altogether a southeasterly course of
about 6 miles. A remarkable waterfall, called Pistyll-
Rhaiadr, occurs on it, about 14 mile from its source; is
flanked and overhung by dark and barren masses of rock
and mountain; slides, for about 160 feet, do\vn a smooth
face of naked rock; and breaks thence into a tumultuous
cataract, of about 80 feet, through a natural arch and a
mural chasm. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
St. Asaph. Value, £520.* Patron, the Bishop of St.
Asaph. The church is tolerable. There are chapels for
Independents and Calvinistic Methodists, an endowed
school with £20 a-year, and other charities £90. Bishop
Morgan, who translated the Bible into Welsh, Bishop
Lloyd, and Dean Powell, were vicars.
LLANRHIAN. See Llanrian.
LLANRHIDIAN, a parish, comprising the hamleta
L. -Lower and L.-IIigher, in Swansea district, Glamor-
LLANRHI^"-l5EBYL.
119
LL.VXRWST.
gau; ou the coast of the Gower peninsula, 3 miles SSW
of Loughor r. station, and 10 W of Swansea. It in-
cludes the chapelry of Penclawdd, which lias a post-
ofRce under Swansea ; and it h:i3 fairs on Palm-Monday,
20 June, and 20 Oct. Acres of L.-Lower, 12,95S; of
which 4,190 are water. Keal property, £1,590. Pop.,
525. Houses, 111. Acres of L-Higher, 9,106; of
which 3,155 are water. Real property, £1,725. Pop.,
1,468. Houses, 283. ^Yell-preserved remains of Weo-
bley Castle stand on an eminence overlooking the river
Burry. Copper ore, limestone, and freestone are worked.
Cefn-Bryn ridge commands a rich and extensive panora-
mic view ; and is c^o^v^led with the famous cromlech,
called Arthur's Stone, and with numerous cairns and
Dniidical circles. Arthur's Stone figures in the "Welsh
Triads as " the big stone of Sketty," and oue of the
wonders of Wales ; it comprises a mass of mUlsterae-grit,
about 20 tons in weight, vnth four supporters 5 feet
high; and it stands in a hollow, which is nearly filled
with rough stones. The living is a vicarage, united with
the p. curacy of Penclawdd, in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £99. Patrons, the Tnistees of G. Morgan, Esq.
There are two churches.
LLANRHIDIAN, Pembroke. See Ll.^.nrith.\n.
LLANRHIN-BEBYL, a township in Llandymog
parish, Denbighshire ; 4| miles E of Denbigh.
LLANRHWYDRYS, a parish in the district and
county of Anglesey; on the coast between Camlyn bay
■and Carmels Point, 8 miles "W of Amlwch r. station, and
■9 NW of Llanerchymedd. Post-town, Gwind_v, under
Llangefni. Acres, 1,143. Real property, £1,035. Pop.,
136. Houses, 26. The living is a p. curacy, annexed
to the rectorj' of Llanrhyddlad, in the diocese of Bangor.
The"church is dedicated to St. Rhwydru.
LLANRHYCH'WTN, a parish, with a village, in the
district of Llanrwst and county of Carnarvon; on the river
Oonway at the boundary with Denbidi, 14 mUe W by N
of Llanrwst r. station. Post-town, Llanrwst, Denbigh-
shire. Acres, with Trefriw, 9,576. Real property of L.
alone, £1,799; of which £124 are in mines. Pop., 532.
Houses, 113. The property is aU in one estate. A seat
of the bard Taliesin was at the E end of LljTi-Gerrionydd.
The land is hiUy. Slate is quarried, and lead ore is
mined. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory
of Trefriw, in the diocese of Bangor. The church is de-
dicated to St. Rhychwyn, and was reported in 1859 as
not good.
LLANRHYDD, a parish in Ruthin district, Denbigh;
14 mile W by S of Ruthin r. station. It includes part
of Ruthin borough, and contains Ruthin workhouse.
Fost-to\vn, Ruthin, Denbighshire. Acres with Eutliin
parish, 1,989. Real property of Llanrhydd-Ucha, £1,520.
Pop. of the entire parish, 965. Houses, 209. Pop. of
the part within Ruthin borough, 886. Houses, 191.
The property is much subdivided. Plas-Llanrhydd is
the seat of G. Johnson, Esq. There is a mineral spring.
The living is a rectory, annexed to the rectory of Ruthin,
in the diocese of St. Asaph. The church was recently
restored, and contains a fine monument to the Thelwalls.
Charities, £6.
LLANRHYDDLAD, a parish, with a fishing village,
in the district and county of Anglesey; on Holyhead bay,
54 mih;3 by water NE of Holyhead, and 7.J N of Valley
r. station. Post-town, Holyhead. Acres, 2,679; of
which 94 are water. Real property, £2,301. Pop., 790.
Houses, 181. !Moel Rhyddlad is a prominent hUl.
Copper and manganese ores are found. The living is a
rectory, united with the p. curacies of Llanfflewj'n and
Llanrhwydrys, in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £530.
Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The church is dedicated
to St. Rhyddlad. There .are a Calvinistic ilethodist
chapel, and chaiitios £29. Speaker Williams was a
native, and liis father was rector.
LLANRHYSTYI), a village, a parish, and a sub-
district, in Aberystwith district, Cardigan. The vil-
lage stands at the montii of the river GwjTe, 7 miles
SSW of Lliinrhystyd-road r. station, and 2 miles SE of
Aberystwith; and it has a po.st-ofiico under Carmar-
then, and two annual fairs. — The parish comxirises the
townships of H.aminif'g and Mefenydd. Acres, 8,770;
of wliich 165 are water. Real property, £5,427. Pup.,
1,533. Houses, 327. Jlabus is the seat of J. L. Phillips,
Esq. An ancient castle, called Dinerth, was taken, in
1135, by Owen Gwyncdd; was taken again in 1150, by
Rhys ap Gnifydd; and was taken again, and destroyed, in
1199, by Maelgwn ap Rhys. A monastic establishment
stood at ilynachty. The parish was invaded, in 98S, by
the Danes. Part of its coast consists of lofty mural clitVs,
cut by fissures and pierced with caves. The li^-ing is a
vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £140.
Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church is de-
dicated to St. Rhystyd, and is recent and handsome.
LLANRIAN, a parish in Haverfordwest district,
Pembroke; on the coast, 6J miles NE of St. David's, and
14 NW of Haverfordwest r. station. It contains the
large village of Trevine, which has a post-otBce imder
Haverfordwest. Acres, 3,683. Real property, £4,165;
of which £69 are in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 1,178; in
1861, 1,017. Houses, 249. The property is much sub-
divided. A grange or palace of the Bishops of St.
David's was at Trevine; and a vault of it stiU exists. A
cromlech comprising a cap-stone 16 feet long, on sup-
porters, 54 feet high, is on the farm of Longhouse. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
£105. Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church
is dedicated to St. Rheanus, and is good.
LLANRITHAN, or Lu^jfp.HrDiAN, a parish in Haver-
fordwest district, Pembroke; on the river Solva, 7i miles
NE by E of St. David'?, and 11 NW of Haverfordwest r.
station. Post-town, Solva, under Haverfordwest. Acres,
1,719. Real property, £1,307. Pop., 188. Houses, 36.
The land is fertile. "The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese of St. David's. Value, £86. Patrons, the Vicars
Choral of St. David's.
LL AN ROTH ALL, or Lla^teother, a parish in the
district of Monmouth and county of Hereford; on the
river Monnow, at the boundary with Monmouth, 5 miles
NW by N of Jlonmouth r. station. Post-to^vn, Mon-
mouth. Acres, 1,630. Real property, £1,715. Pop.,
107. Houses, 23. A college was founded here, in the
6th century, by St. Dabricius; and has left some vestiges.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Hereford.
Value, £206. Patron, J. Price, Esq. The name Llan-
rothall signifies "brother's church."
LLANRUG, or Llaxfiha>"gf,l-in-Rug, a parish, and
a sub-district, in the district and county of Carnarvon.
The parish lies ou the river Seiont, and on ths
Llanberis ndhvay, 3i miles E of Carnarvon r. station;
and has a post-office, of the name of Llanrug, under
Carnarvon. The parish contains also the village of
Cwm-y-Glo. Acres, 4,516. Real property, £4,330; of
which £360 are in quarries. Pop. in "l851, 1,894;
in 1861, 2,139. Houses, 468. Glang^vnna, Plas-
Tirion and Pantavon are chief residences. Slate quar-
ries, akin to those of Llanberis, are at Ccfn-Dil and
Glyn-Rhonwy ; and traces of copper ore are foimd. There
are an ancient camp and many vestiges of ancient British
habitations. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Ban-
gor. Value, £166. Patron, the Bishop of LlandafF.
The church stands on a hill, and is old and cruciform.
An inscribed stone is on the grounds of the parsonage.
Edwards, the surgeon to Anson in his voyages, was a
native. The sub - district contains also four other
parishes. Acres, 29,204. Pop., 10,404. Houses, 2,201.
LLANRWST, ato^vn and a township in Denbighshire,
and a parish, a sub-district, and a district all registra-
tionally in Denbighshire, but in part electorally in Car-
narvonshii'e. The to\vn stands on the river Conway, in
a ])l('asaut vale, amid channing en\'irons, at the terminus
of the Conway and Llanrwst railwa)-, 10 miks S of Con-
way, and 17 WSW of Denbigh; includes a sq\iare, with
town-hall and mark'.t-place; contains many good houses;
has, of late ycar.s, undergone great improvement; attracts
numerous tourists and otlier visitors, for sake of the
scenery around it, and of the splendid salmon fishing
in the Conway; h.-'.s attracted many opulent persons
permanently, whose residences adorn the outskirts
and the (.-nvirons; is a seat of iiotty sc.«sions and county
LLANIIWST.
LLANSAINTFFRAID.
courts, anil a polling -place; ami has a post-office, J
designated Llanrwst, "DenLighshirc, a railway station,
a banking - office, two chief inns, a bridge over the
Conway, two charclies, four dissenting chapels, a free
school, national and British schools, an alms -house,
and charities £75. The town-hall is a good edifice,
and is used for the county courts. The bridge is a
steep inconvenient structure, with three arches; was
erected, in 1G36, by Inigo Jones; and is said to vibrate
■when concussed in a particular way. The church of
St. Gnvst or Ehystyd is later English; includes a chapel,
called the Gwydir chapel, built by Inigo Jones, not
used for service, but containing many curious monu-
ments and some good carving; has a carved dounvay, oak-
panelling, a reading-desk, and a rood-loft, said to have
been brought from Maenaut abbey; and contains the
stone coffin of Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, a stone elBgies of
Hoel Coj-tmore, some' brasses of the Wynns of Gwydir,
a curious variegated pjTainidal monument, with hn^e
heads of angels, and a unique stone font. St. ilaiy"s
church is a modern edifice, and is kno-vvu as the English
church. The dissenting chapels are for Independents,
Baptists, AVesleyans, and Calvinistic Methodists. The
free school has an endowed income of about £ tOO. 5Iar-
kets are held on Tuesdays and Saturdays ; fairs are held
on the first Tuesday of Feb., 8 March, 25 April, 21 June,
10 Aug., 17 Sept., 25 Oct., and the second Tuesday
after 11 Dec. ; and some trade is carried on in woollen
manufacture, stocking-making, malting, and tanning._
The town was, for some time, noted for the making of
Welsh harps.
The tov.-nship includes the town, but is variously de-
fined. The Census, in its tables, exhibits Llanrwst and
Gwjdir townships as comprising all the parish; while, in
its notes, it states the parish to contain also the town-
ships of Garth-Gannon, or Capel-Garmon, Garth-gjfa-
nedd, Tvbrith-Isaf, Tybrith-Uchaf, IMatthebrwyd, and
Tre-y-Di-e. Acres of L. township, as compri,~ing all the
Denbigh section of the parish, 15,297. Keal property,
£13,006. Pop., 3,503. Houses, 768. Acres of Gwy-
dir township, as comprising all the Carnarvon section,
7,C21. Real property, £1,551. Pop., 400. Houses,
80. The manor belongs to Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart.
G\vydir House, i a niUe from the town, was formerly the
seat of the \yynns; is now the seat of Lord Willoughby
D'Eresby; includes small part of a mansion erected in
1555 by Sir John Wynn, but is mainly an addition of
1816; contains some fine antiquely-formed rooms, with
ancient furniture; ami stands amid delightful grounds,
which contain a beautiful lake and a waterfall, and coni-
mand delightful views. Lead ore, of high quality, is
found in the vale. The living of St. Grwst is a rectoiy,
united with the chapelry of St. Mary, in the diocese of
St. Asaph. Value, £926.* Patron, the Bishop of St.
Asaph. The chapelry of St. Mary, prior to 1868, was a
separate charge. The p. curacy of Capel-Garmon is a
separate benetice.
The sub-district excludes Gwydir township, but in-
cludes the parishes of Gwytherin, Llangemiew, and
Llanddoget; tlie townships of Eglwysfach and Maenan;
and the e.xta-parochial tract of the Abbey, — the two la.st
electorally in Carnarvon. Acres, 40,065. Pop., 7,10iJ.
Houses, 1,526. The district comprehends also the sub-
district of Bottws-y-Coed, containing the township of
Gwydir, and the parishes of Dettws-y-Coed, Dohvyddelan,
Trefriw, and Llaurhychwjm, — all electorally in Carnar-
von; and the sub-district of Yspytt)', containing the par-
ishes of Peutrevoelas and Gwern-howel, and the towm-
ships of Tirevan and Trobrys, electorally in Denbigh, and
the parish of renuuichno and the township of EidJa
electorally in Carnarvon. Acres, 100,631. Poor-rates
in 1863, £6,323. Pop. in 1851, 12,479; in 1861, 12,770.
Houses, 2,630. Marriages in 1863, 110; births, 375, —
of which 36 were Ol.'gitimate ; deaths, 228, — of which 63
were at ages under 5 years, and 13 at ages above So.
Marriages m the ten yeiirs 1851-60, 822; births, 3,552;
deaths, 2,331. The jilaces of worship, in 1851, were 15
of the Church of England, with 3,476 sittings; 8 of In-
dependents, with 1.633 s. : 4 of Baptists, with 600 s. ;
23 of Calvinistic 3Iethodists, with 5,013 s.; and 6 of
Wesleyan :^rethodists, with 1,053 s. 'I'ho schools were
15 pubUc day schools, with 928 scholars; 4 private day
schools, with 108 s.; and 5 Sunday schools, with 5,696
s. The workhouse is in Llanrwst township; and, at the
census of 1S61, had 26 inmate.s.
LLANRYTHAX. See Llaniuth.^k.
LLAXSADURXEN^. See Lla^s.ujwi'.nen'.
LLANSADWRX, a parish, with a village, in the dis-
trict of Bangor and county of Anglesey; 2.J miles W of
Beaumaris, and 3i NNE of Llanfair r. station. Post-
town, Beaumaris, '.Anglesey. Acres, 2,891. Real pro-
perty, £2,660. Pop., 410. Houses, 84. The property
is divided among a few. There are some Druidical and
other antiquities. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of Bangor. Value, £3 SI. Patron, the Bishop of Ban-
gor. The chuich is dedicated to St. Sadwn, and is
good.
LLANSADWRN, a village, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict, in Llandovery district, Carmarthen. The village
stands on a branch of the river Towy, 24 miles N by W
of Llangadock r. station, and 5| SW of Llandovery; is
a considerable place; and has fairs on 13 Aug. and 23
Oct. The parish compiises 7,064 acres; and its post-
town is Llangadock, under Carmarthen. Real property,
£5,074. Pop., 1,099. Houses, 239. The property is
subdivideiL Abermarlias is the scat of Lady L. Foley,
and occupies the site of the seat of Rhys ab Thomas.
The land is hUly. The living is a vicarage, united with
the p. curacv of Llauwrda, in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £165> Patron, Lady L. Foley. The chuich is
good. Tliere are an alms-house for four maiden gentle-
women, and a free school, both of them founded and en-
dowed, in 1731, by Lady L. Cornwallis ; and these and
other charities have £319 a-year. — The sub-di.strict con-
tains also the parish of Llanwrda. Acres, 11,505. Pop.,
1,710. Houses, 358.
LLA^'SAD^VR^'E^', a parish iu the di.^trict and
county of Carnuivta'.n; on Carmarthen bay, IJ mile SW
of Laugharne, and 5 S by E of St. Clears r. station.
Post-town, Laugharne, under St. Clears. Acres, 1,044;
of which 150 are water. Real property, £1.265. Pop.,
194. Houses, 35. The property is divided among a
few. Limestone is worked. The living is a rectory,
annexed to the vicarage of Laugharne, in the diocese of
St. David's. The church was rebuilt in 1861 ; is in the
decorated English style ; and consists of nave and chan-
cel, with vestry and tower. JudM Powell, who trie'l
the seven bishojis, residdl at Broadway, now a ruin.
LLANSAINT, a township in St. Isiimael parish, Car-
marthen; on the river Gwendraeth-fawr, 1 milo WNWof
Kidwelly. Pop., 210.
LLAXSAIXTFFRAED, a parish in the district and
county of Brecon; on the river Usk, the Brecon canal,
and the Via Julia montana, 7 miles SE of Brecon r. sta-
tion. It contains the village of Skethiog, and its post-
town is Brecon. Acres, 2,247. Real property, £2,248;
of which £40 are in fisheries. Pop., 255. Houses, 44.
The manor belonged to the Princes of Powi.s. Bucklaml
was fomierly the seat of the Jones family; is now the
seat of J. P. Holford, E.sq. ; and staiuls in a remarkably
beautiful situation. Skethiog House and Noyadd also
are chief residences. Newton, now a fcuni-house, was the
seat of the Vaughans, one of whom was the author of
" Olor Iscanus," while another was rector of the parish
and a chemLst. An inscribed stone, called the Victorinus
Stone, stands by the side of a public road. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £295.*
Patron, T. Watkins, Esq. The chmch is dedicated to
St. Fread or St. Brji'e ; is a lowly building, humili-
ated by a grand tomb to Col. G. Holford; and contains
monuments of the Vaughans. Charities, £6. Tiie nanu;
LlansaintllVaed is equivalent to the English and Scotch
Bridekirk, and to the Scotch Kilbride.
LLANSAINTFFKAID, a village, a pari.sh, and a sub-
district, in AberajTon district, Cardigan. Tlic village
stands on the coast, 4^ miles NK by N of Abciayroii,
and Hi SSW of Aberystwith r. station; and is a sub-
port to Aberystwith. The parish contains also the hamlet
LLAXSAINTFFRAID.
121
LLANSAAVEL.
sf Llannon ; and its post-towu is Aberystwith. Acie3,
5, -{43; of wliioh 135 are water. Real property, £3,644.
Pop., 1,3'!'0. Houses, 306. The property is much sub-
ili%-ide-i. Some traces exist of what is thought to have
l)A?a a monastic e;.tablishmeut. The living is avicar.ige
in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £91. Patron, the
Pishop of St. DavM's. The clmrch is good. — The sub-
liistri'.c contains also seven other parishes. Acres,
Sl,&74. Pop.. T.OSl. Houses, 1,64.5.
LL.VJN'SAlXTFFR.UD, a village, a parish, andasub-
diitrict, in Llaufyllin district, Slontgomery. The \-illage
stands on the river Cain, near its influx to the Vyrnw}',
and oa the Ll.infyUin railway, near the supposed site of
the Roman station ilediolanum, on Watling-street and
the Caer-Sivs way, about IJ mile from the boundary with
Salop, and S SW by S of Oswestry; and has a station on
the railway, and a post-office under Oswestiy. The par-
ish is cut into the two divisions of Pool and Dejthur;
and contains the to\vnships of Llan, Dolwen, Llauerch-
jmris, Lledrod, Meliniog-fach, Jlcliniog-fawr, Coll-
fryn, Llanerchila, Tredderwen - fawr, and Trcwylan.
Acres, 6,065. Peal property of the Pool division,
£5,536. Pop., 725. Houses, 161. Real property of
the Deythur division, £4,850. Pop., 530. Houses, 106.
The property is subdivided. An ancient British camp
is at Toel, and a Roman one is at Clawdd-ooch. The
living is a vicirage in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value,
£350.* Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph. The church
is T-artlv of the 14th century, but mainly of the 17th;
and was restored in 1866. Charities, £9. — The sub-
district contains also sis other parishes, and part of
another. Acres, 54,095. Pop., 10,223. Houses, 2,045.
LLAXSAINTFFRAID-GLAN-CONWAY, or Dis-
EETn, a village and a parish in the district of Conway,
and county of Denbigh. The vUlage stands on the river
Conwavand on the Llanrwst railwaj', at the bomidary with
Carnarvon, 1 mile S of Llandudno- Junction r. station, and
2 SE by E of Conway; is a considerable place; and has a
post-otfice, of the name of Llansaintffraid, under Conway,
and fairs on 14 Feb., 1 May, 1 Aug. and 1 Nov. The
jiarisb. consists of the townships of Llan, Dennant, Tra-
ilwm, and Tre-BwU. Acres, 5,726; of which 705 are
wat't-r. Peal property, £4,391. Pop., 1,304. Houses,
S07. The property is divided among a few. A mineral
spring is at Bryn-y-Pobty ; and a cromlech is near
Hetdrewaelo-l. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
St. Asaph. Value, £240.* Patron, the Bishop of St.
Asatih. The church is good; and there is a Calvinistio
Met'ho.lijt chapel.
LLA>"SA1NTFFRAID-GLYN-CEIKI0G, a parish in
the district of Corwen and county of Denbigh; on the
river Ceiriog, under the Herwj-n mountains, 2 miles S by
VT of Llangollen r. station. It consists of the townships
of GIjTi-Fechan, Nantyr-Isaf, and Nantyr-Uchaf ; and
it has a post-office under Llangollen, and fairs on 4 Jlay,
and 6 Oct. Acres, 2,612. Real property, £2,543; of
which £113 are in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 614; in 1861,
733. Houses, 149. The property is diWded amon^ a
few. The land is hilly; and slate is quarried. The liv-
ing is a vicarage in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value,
£200.* Patron, Viscount Dungannon. The church is
tolerable. Charities, £6.
LLANSAINTFFRAID-GLYN-DYFRDWY, a parish,
with a vUlago, in Corwen district, Jlerioneth; on the
river Dee, 2 miles E of Corwen r. station. It has a post-
oftice under Corwen. Acres, 693. Real property, £667.
Pop. in 1551, 137; in 1861, 161. Houses, 33. The in-
crease of pop. arose from the extension of slate-quarry-
ing. The property is divided among four. Rhagalt is
the seat of E. Lloyd, Esq. Tlie jiarish is hilly, and has
fine riews. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St.
Asaph. Value, £9S.* Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph.
The church is good.
LL.VNSAINTFR.VED, a jiari.sh in Abergavenny dis-
trict, ilonmouth; on tin; river Usk, 24 miles E of Pcn-
pergwm r. station, and 4,^ SE of Abergavenny. Post-
town, Ab-rgavenny. Acres, 2Sy. Real property, £617.
Pop. in 1S31, 36; in ISOl, 16. Houses, 4. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. Llansaiutfraed House is
the seat of JMrs. Jones. The living is a rectory in ths
diocese of Llandalf. Value, £73. Patron, Jlrs. Jones.
The church resembles a bam, but is good.
LLANSAIXTFKAED-IN-ELVEL, a parish in the
district of Builth, and county of Radnor; on the river
Edw, 4.\ miles NE of Builth r. station. Post-town,
Builth, 'Breconshire. Acres, 4,000. Real property,
£1,833. Pop., 340. Houses, 57. The property is
much subdivided. A castle of the Mortimers stood hen-,
and has left some traces. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of St. David's. Value, £171. Patron, the
Bishop of St. David's. The church was reported iu
1859 as bad. The parish shares in Powell's charity at
Brecon.
LLANSAMLET, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Neath district, Glamorgan. The \-illage stands on
the river Tawe and the Swansea canal, near the Swansea
Vale railway, 3.J miles NNE of Swansea; and has a sta-
tion on the railway, and a post-office under Neatk Tho
parish is cut into two divisions, higher and lower; and
comprises 6,735 acres of land, and 2,100 of water. Real
property of the higher div., £8,730; of which £5,900 are
in mines. Pop. in 1851, 1,477; in 1861, 1,860. Houses,
368. Real property of the lower div., £9,059; of which
£260 are in mines, and £20 in quarries. Pop. in 185],
2,799; in 1861, 3,243. Houses, 645. The property is
subdivided. Glanbraue and Gwernllwjniwith are chief
residences. There are coal mines and copper works; and
they give a dismal aspect to the landsaipe. The rail-
way, on both sides of L. station, traverses steep inclines.
The living is a vicarage, united with the chapelry of
Kilvey, in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £300.
Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church was re-
cently iu disrepaii-. There are a Calvinistic Methodist
chapel, and cUarities £7.— The sub-district is con ter-
minate with the parish.
LLANSANNAN, a village and a parish in St. Asapli
district, Denbighshire. The village stands on the river
Aled, amid picturesque scenery, 8 miles AV by S of Den-
bigh r. station; is a resort of tourists and anglers; and
has a post-olhce, under Abergele, Denbighshire, a good
inn, and fairs on 13 May, 17 Aug., 20 Oct., and 30 Nov.
The parish comprises 14,973 acres. Real propertv,
£5,989. Pop., 1,256. Houses, 277. Dyftryn-Aled "is
the seat of P. W. Yorke, Esq. Much of the suiface is
waste upland. The Aled, in the upjier part of its cours>-,
through the S portion of the parish, traverses a narrow
dell; makes two highly picturesque fiJls, called Llyn-yr-
Ogo and Rhaiatir-rhyd-y-bedd; and is overlooked by very
romantic scenery. A circle of about twenty-four artiti-
cial holes, is in a hill, and beare the name of Bwrdd-
Arthur, or Arthur's Round Table. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £412.* Pa-
tron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Sannan. There are chapels for Independents,
Calvinistic Methodises, and Baptists. "W. Salesbury,
one of the translators of the Welsh New Testsment, was
LLANSANNOR, a parbh in Bridgend district, Gla-
morgan ; on the river Sannor, 2 miles N of Cowbridge r.
station. Post-towii, Cowbridge. Acres, 1,798. Real
property, £1,513. Pop., 197. Houses, 42. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. Llansaunor House is now
a farm-house. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Lhmdaff. Value, £105.* Patron, Sir J. Bailey, Bart.
The church is dedicated to St. Senewyr, and is not very
good.
LLANSAWEL, a village and a parish in Llandilo-
fawr district, Carmarthen. The village stands on the
river Cothi, amid mountain scenery with a romantii;
view, 8 miles NW of Llangadock r. station, and 9 N of
Llandilo-fawr; is a polling place; was once a market-
town; and has a post-office under Carmarthen, and fails
on the Friday after 12 ilay, 15 July, 23 Oct., and the
Friday after 12 Nov. The parish includes the townships
of Edwins, Ganol, Glyii, and Wen. Acres, 10,017.
Real property, £4,323. Pop., 1,003. Houses, 207.
The property is divided among a few. Edwins House is
the seat of the Williamses. The living is a vicarage, au-
Q
LL.VNSILIN.
122
LLANTHE-^-Y-RYTHERCH.
aexed to the vicarage of CayoConwyl, in the diocese of
St. I)a\-id's. Tlic church, is gootl.
LLAXSAWYL. See Brtrrox-FERRV.
LLANSILIN, a township, a parish, and a sub-district
in Oswestry district; the townsliip and most of the par-
ish electorally in Denbigh, tlic rest of the parish and the
sub-district electorally in Salop. The township lies on the
river C,>'nlleth, adjacent to the boundary with Salop, 3 4
miles W of Olfa's dyke, and 6 WSW of Oswestry r.
station; and has a post-officej under Oswestry, and
fairs on 10 July, and 21 Sept. The parish contains
also the townships of Bodlith, Estynallan, Lledrode,
Lloran, Moelfre, Priddbvvll, Isfoel-Rhinlas, Uchfoel-
Rhiulas, and Sychart, in Denbigh; and the township of
Soufhton or Sychtvii, in Salop. Acres of the Denbigh
portion, 11,285. Real property, £11,583. Pop., 1,795.
Houses, 341. Acres of the Salop portion, 1,446. Real
property, £1,607. Pop., 207. Houses, 46. The pro-
perty is much subdivided. The manor belonged to
Einion Evell, from whom several families in this neigh-
bourhood have descended. Glascoed is the seat of the
Wynns. Sychart belonged to Owen Glendower; Plas-
Ifewydd, to the Myddletons ; and Penybont, to the
Maiu'ices. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of St
Asaph. Value, £307.* Patron, the Bishop of St.
Asaph. The church is dedicated to St. Silin; is in good
condition; acquired a fine stained window in 1866; and
contains monuments of the Maurices, the Wynns, and
others. The rectory of Rhydycroesau is a separate
benefice. There are an Independent chapel, a slightly
endowed school, and charities £16. — The sub-district
contains also t\vo other parishes. Acres, 22,978. Pop.,
4,128. Houses, 831.
LLANSOY, a parish in Chepstow district, Monmouth;
2 miles NE of Llandenny r. station, and 4^ ENE of Usk.
Post-town, Usk, under Ne^vy>ort, Monmouth. Acres,
1,410. Real property, £1,687. Pop., 168. Houses,
30. The property is "divided among a few. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £170.*
Patron, the Duke of Beaufort. The church is good.
Charities, £14.
LLANSPYDDID, a hamlet and a parish in the dis-
trict and county of Brecon. The hamlet lies on the
river Usk and the Via Julia montana, 24 miles W by S
of Brecon r. station. Acres, 1,691. Real property,
£1,730. Pop., 172. Houses, 35. The parish contains
also the hamlets of Modrydd and Penpont ; and its post-
town is Brecon. Acres, 8,435. Real property, £4,418.
Pop., 40S. Houses, 75. The property is divided among
a few. Pcnnoyie is the seat of Col. Lloyd \Vatkins.
There is an ancient British camp. The living is a vicar-
atre in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £100.* Pa-
tron, Marquis Camden. The church is early decorated
English, in good condition ; and is surrounded by old
yew trees. The churchyard contains an ancient tomb,
traditionally said to be that of Brychan-Breicliiniog.
The vicarage of Bettws-Penpout is a separate benefice.
Charities, £7, and a right to send pensioners to Games'
hospital at Brecon.
LLAKSTADWELL, a parish in the district and county
of Pembroke; on Milford Haven, at a railway terminus,
2 miles NW of Pembroke. It contains the vilhgos of
Great Honevborough, Little Honeyborough, Neyland,
Newton, and Wateison; and its p'ost-town is Milford
Haven. Acres, 3,971; of wdiich 725 are water. Real
property, £4,961. Pop. in 1851; 905; in 1861, 1,745.
Houses, 327. The increase of pop. arose from the estab-
lishment of the railway terminus, and of a steam-packet
service station. The property is divided among a few.
Newton House, llayston, and Jordanstown are chief
residences. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, £94. Patron, Lewis Child, Esq. The
church is dedicated to St. Dudwall, and was reported in
1S.59 as bad. See Milfoiid Haven.
LLANSTEPHAN, a village and a parish in the dis-
trict and county of Carmarthen. The village stands at
the mouth of the river Towv, opposite Firryside village
and r. station, and 8 miles SSW of Carm.arthen; is em-
bo.somcd in trees, at the water's edge ; and Las a post-
officef under Carmarthen. The parish contains also the
villages of Llauybree and Laques. Acres, 6,710; ot which
1,690 are water. Heal property, £5,875 ; of which £100
are in quarries. Pop., 1,229. Houses, 277. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. Llanstephau Plas is the
seat of Sir James Hamilton, Bart. Llanstephan Castlo
stands conspicuously on a bold headlan'!, at the mouth
of the Towy ; is supposed to occupy the site of cither an
ancient British or Roman fortalice; was built, in 1138,
by the sons of a Sferioneth prince; went scon into the
possession of the Flemings and the Normans; was taken,
in 1145, by Rhys ap Gruffyd ; resisted a siege while in
his possession; 'was taken and dismantled, in 1254, by
Llewelj-n ap Gruffyd; consists now of considerably ex-
tensive ruined walls ; and forms a picturesque object, aa
seen from the opposite side of the river. The living is a
vicarage, united with the p. curacy of Llangunnock, iu
the diocese of St David's. Value, £101. Patrons,
Messrs. Morris and W. Lloyd, Esq. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Stephen, and is good. The vicarage of
Llanybree is a separate benefice. There ai'e chapels for
Independents and Calvinistic Methodists.
LLANSTEPHAN, a parish in the district of Hay and
county of Radnor; on the rivers Bachwy and Wye, at the
boundary with Brecon, near Erwood and Bonghrood r.
stations, 7 miles SE of Builth. Post-town, Hay, under
Hereford. Acres, 2,407. Real property, £1,746. Pop.,
231. Houses, 43. The property is divided among a
few. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, £67. Patron, the Bishop of St. David's.
The church was reported in 1859 as not good. Chari-
LLANSTINAN, a parish in Haverfordwest district,
Pembroke; on the West Cleddau river, 2 miles S of Fish-
guard, and Hi NW of Clarbeston Road r. station. Post-
town,' Fishguard, under Haverfordwest Acres, 1,579.
Real property, £1,332. Pop., 174. Houses, 36. The
property is divided among a few. Llanstinau House be-
longed to the Symmonses, passed to the Owens, and was
recently restored. The living is a rectory in the dio-
cese of St David's. Value, £100.* Patron, Col. Owen.
The church is dedicated to St. Justinian, and was re-
stored in 1869.
LLANTARNAM. SeeLLAN-viHANGEL-LLAVT.VRy.VM.
LLANTEAGUE. See Cru.wn-ear.
LLANTHETTY, or Ll-^-NDDETTI, a parish in the dis-
trict and coimty of Brecon; on the river Usk, the Brecon
canal, and the Via Julia montana, 7 miles SE of Brecon
r. station. It contains the hamlets of DyflTrin and Vro ;
and its post-town is Brecon. Acres, 5,980. Real pro-
perty, £3,732. Pop. in 1851, 549; in 1861, 631.
Houses, 116. Theproperty is much subdivided. Llan-
thetty Hall is the seat of the Overtons. Maesraawr be-
longed to Col. Jones, a prominent member of the Long
parTiament ; and belongs now ta the Lewises. The liv-
ing is a rectory in the diocese of t?t David's. Value,
£344.* Patron, P. G. Holford, Esq. The church is
dedicated to St. Detta, and is good. The p. curacy of
Taf-Vechan is a separate benefice.
LL ANTIIEW, or Li.anddew, a parish in the district
and county of Brecon; on the river Honddii, 1.^ mile
NE of Brecon r. station. Post-to\vn, Brecon. Acres,
2,695. Real property, £1,352. Pop., 292. Houses,
68. The manor belongs to the Bishop of St. David's.
^Vn ancient palace of the bishops stood here; was \-isited,
in 1188, by Archbishop Baldwin and Giraldus ; was
ordered, by a statute .f 1342, to be retained as an episco-
pal residence; and is now represented by some nrins,
including a door-way built by Bishop Gower. Tlis liv-
ing is a vicarage in the diocese of St David's. Value,
£89. Patron, the Archdeacon of Brecon. The church
is dedicated to St. David; is early English and cruciform;
and has been greatly mutilated, yet retains traces of pris-
tine beauty.
LLANTHE^VY-RYT^ERC^, a parish in Aber-
gavenny district, Monmouth; on a branch of the river
Trothy, 3 miles E3E of Abergavenny r. station. Post-
town, Abergavenny. Acres, 2,187. Real property,
£2,626. Pon., 339. Houses, 81. The property is sub-
LLAXTIIEWY-SKIRRID.
123
LLAXTRISAINT.
diviiled. The living is .1 vicarage in the diocose of
Lhuiiff. Value, £215.* Patron, the Bishop of Llau-
da!F. The churoli is dedicated to St. David, and was re-
ported in 1S59 as bad.
LLANTilEWY-SKlRRID, a parish in Ahergavenny
district, Monmouth; under Skirrid-fawr hill, '2k miles
SK of Llanfihangel r. station, andS^ NE of Abergavenny,
post-town, Abergavenny. Acres, 1,060. Real property,
£1.136. Pop., SS. . Houses, 24. The property is di-
vided among a few. Tlie living is a rectory in the dio-
cese of Llandatr. Value, £187. Patron, the liev. M.
H. Jones. The church is good.
LLANTHEWY-VACH, a parish in Pont>-pool district,
Monmouth; on an affluent of the river Usk, 2^ miles E
by N of Cwrabraa r. station, and 4^ SVV of Usk. Po.st-
town, Caerleon, under Ke^vport, Jlonmontli. Acres,
1,350. Real property, £1,192. Pop., 172. Houses,
S3. The property is subtlivided. The living is a p. cu-
racy in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £77. Patron,
Jes'iis College, Oxford. The church is good.
LLANTHEYSAINT. See Lla^tddausaint.
LLA^TTHOXY, or Lanthoxt. See Gloucester.
LLANTHONY-ABBEY, a chapelry in Cwmyoy par-
ish, Monmouth; on the river Ilonddu, in the deep moun-
tain vale of Evrias, under the Black mountains, on a
tongue of Monmouth projecting between Hereford and
Brecon, 4| miles N\V of Pandy r. station, and 9i N of
Abergavenny. Post-town, Abergavenny. The statistics
are returned with the parish. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £55. Patron, John
^lorg-.in, Esq. This part of the vale of Ewias was
selected by St. David as the place of his hermitage; and
it was thence called Llanddewi-Nant-Honddu, a name
which signifies "David's church on the Honddu," and
came to be corrupted into Llanthony. Drayton, in his
" Polyolbion," says, —
'"Mongst Hatterill's lofty hills that with the clouds ^re
cro^vned.
The valley Ewias lies imtaersed so deep and round, ^
As they below that see the mountains rise so high
Miaht think the strangling herds were grazing in the sky.
Where in an aged cell with moss and ivy grown,
In which, not to this day, the sun hath ever shone,
The reverend British saint, in zealous ages past.
To contemplation lived and did so truly fast.
As he did only drink what crystal Hodney yields.
And fed upon the leeks he gathered in the fields."
AVilliam, a Norman knight, and a retainer and kinsman
of Hugh de Lacy, became a recluse at St. David's cell in
1100; Emifius, chaplain to the Empress ilaud, joined
him in 1103; and they two founded a Cistertian abbey
here in llOS. Henry and Maud soon visited the rising
abbey; Walter de Gloucester, Earl of Hereford, and cap-
tain of Henrj-'s guards, became an inmate of it; Robert
de Betun, afterwards Bishop of Hereford, entered it as a
monk in 1130; a party of Welsh, immediately after he
became Bishop of Hereford, assailed and desolated it;
and, in 1136, with aid from ililo. Earl of Hereford, De
Betun founded another monastery of the same name, and
in lieu of it, at Gloucester. The original Llanthony ab-
bey, however, continued to be maintained till the Re-
formation; and it numbered among its priors Geoflrey
Henelaw, afterwards Bishop of St. David's, and Henry
Dean, after^vards Archbishop of Canterbury. The pro-
perty passed through a number of hands after the Re-
lonnation; and came eventually to Sii' M. Wood, and
latterly to NValter Savage Landor, author of " Imaginary
Conversations " and otlier works. Tiie church was cruci-
form, and had a central tower and two W towers. The
nave was 172 feet long ami 43 wide; the transept was 96
feet long and 36 wide; the choir was 72 feet long and 28
wid';; the Lady chapel was 37 feet long and 25 wide;
and the central tower was 24 feet each way, and 100
high. There were also an oratory 24 feet long, 11 wide,
and 15J high; and a chapter-house 64 fiet long and 2Gi
wide. The architecture was all of one date, 1103—1136;
of pure, silicious, greyish grit-stone, and in transition
!Norraan. The tlircc lower stages of the W tnwcis, the
low.^r stafc of the \V front between tliem, the N side of
the nave, portions of the transept and of the central
tower, part of tlie choir, all the oratory, the ruined chap-
ter-ho'use, the prior's house, and a fragment of the Earl
of Hereford's tomb still remain; and they form, in tha
aggregate, an imposing and picturesque mass. A por-
tfon of the ruins was fitted up, by Sir M. Wood, as a
shootiug-bo.x; and the prior's house, together with an
adjoining tower of the church, was converted into au
inn. The person known as Father Ignatius is said to
have arranged, toward the close of 1S65, for a purchase
of the ruiu°s, and of some land around them, with tho
view of restoring the abbey.
LLANTHOWELL. See Llanhoweli..
LLANl'ILLIO-CROSSEXXY, a village and a parish
in the district and county of Jlonmouth. The village
stands on the river Trothy", 5 miles NW by N of Ra.'dan-
Footpatli r. station, and 7 WXW of Monmouth; and hag
a post-ofRce under Abergavenny. The parish comprises
5,951 acres. Real property, £5,SS6. Pop., 74S. Houses,
160. The property is divided among a few. Llantillio-
Crossenny House belonged to the Powells, passed to the
Lewises, and belongs now to Cob Clifford. Vestiges of
an ancient fortified house, said to have been the residence
of Sir David Gam, are to the N of the park. Castell
Gwyn, or White Castle, stands on an eminence 1 i mile
to the N; is said to have been occupied by Sir Gw^ti ap
Cwarthvold at the time of the Norman invasion ; con-
tinued to be a place of note so late as the time of Eliza-
beth; and is a largo oval structure, with six bastions,
and well-preserved outer-works. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £270. * Patrons,
the Dean and Chapter of Llandaff. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Teilaw; is principally decorated English,
with a lofty tcwer, and in good condition; and includes
a large chapel, chiefly later English, on the N side of its
presbytery. The churchyard contains an altar-tomb to
the son of Col. Clifford. There are a grammar school,
with £150 a-j-ear from endowment, aud other chari-
ties £40.
LLANTILLIO-PERTHOLEY, a parish of two divi-
sions, Citra and Ultra, in Abergavenny district, Mon-
mouth; on the Abergavenny and Hereford railway, 2
miles NNE of Abergavenny. Post-town, Abergavenny.
Acres, 6,859. Real property of the C. div., £4,212, Pop.,
in 1851, 375; in 1861, 392. Houses, 83. Real property
of the U. div., £3,123. Pop. in 1851, 473; in 1861,
592. Houses, 125. The increase of pop. arose from the
operations of a building society. The property is much
subdivided. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Llandaff. Value, £242.' Patrons,\he Dean and Chap-
ter of Llandaff. The church was reported in 1859 as not
good. Charities, £34.
LLANTONY ABBEY. See Llaxthost Abbey.
LLANTOOD, or Llaxttd, a parish ia the district of
Cardigan and county of Pembroke; 3 miles SSW of
Cardigan r. station. Post-town, Cardigan. Acres,
1,792. Real property, £1,306. Pop., 264. Houses,
61. Tho living is a vicarage, annexed to the vicar-
age of St. Dogmael, in the diocese of St. David's. The
church is dedicated to St. Hlts^d.
LLANTRISAINT, a parish in the district and
county of Anglesey; near tire river Alaw, 5 miles W
of Llaiierchymedd r. station. Post - town, Holy-
h(5ad. Acres, 4,447. Real property, £4,710. Pop.,
488, Houses, 93. The property is much sub-
divided. The living is a rectory, united with the p.
curacies of Llanllibio and Llechcynfarwydd, in the dio-
cese of Bangor. Value, £813.* Patron, the Bisliop of
Bangor. The church is dedicated to Sts. Avran, Icuau,
and Sanan ; and is of fair character. Tho name Llau-
trisaiut signifies " a church of three siiints." A sjiot is
here called the Tomb of Pironwen, .said to have derived
its name from a tradition that a queen of Ireland died or
was buried at it in consequence of a blow by the hand of
her husband. Tlicrc are an endowed s.'luiol with £18 a-
year, and charities £40. Dr. Williams, ancestor of the
Wynnes of Wynnestay, was rector.
LLANTRISAINT, a small town, a parish, nnd a sub-
district, in Carditfdistrict, Glamorgan. The town stauda
LLANTRISSEXT.
124
LLANVAIR-DISCOED.
on a hill-range, above the river Ely, near the South
Wales and the Ely Valley railways, 10 miles XW by ^Y
of CardLtf; commatuls an extensive prospect of the vale
of Glamorgan ; presents a picturesque and somewhat con-
tinental appearance; underwent much improvement, with
addition of many new houses, in 1S60-7; was chartered by
Edward III.; is nominally governed by a constable, a
portreeve, 12 aldermen, and other officers; unites with
Cardiff and Cowbridge in sending a member to parlia-
ment; is a seat of petty sessions; and has a post-ofBceJ
under Pontypridd, a station on the South 'Wales rail-
way, two chief inns, a vestige of an ancient castle, a
town-hall and market-house, a church, four dissenting
chapels, tsvo public schools, and several charities. The
castle dates from the time of Edward I., does not make
any figure in history, and now possesses interest only for
the charming views which it commands. The chuich
is dedicated to Sts. Dyfodwg, Illtid, and Wonno; and
is Norman, spacious, and good. The dissenting chapels
are Indopenilent, Baptist, Calvinistic Methodist, and
Wesleyan. New school buildings were erected in 1S67,
with capacity for 400 children. A weekly market was
formerlvheld on Friday, but has been discontinued; fairs
are held on 13 Feb., 12 May, 12 Aug., and 29 Oct.; and
trade is carried on in connexion with neighbouring mines
and mineral works. Pop. in 1S51, 1,007; in 1861, 1,493.
Houses, 311.
The parish contains also the villages of Cyminer,
Craigddu, Dinas, ami Storehouse. Acres, 16,669.
Eated property, £19,629. Pop. in 1851, 4,181; in 1S61,
5,492. Houses, 1,094. The increase of pop. arose from
the opening of new coal mines, and the extension of the
iron manufacture. The property is nmch subiUviJed.
The manor belongs to the Marquis of Bute. Castellau
House belonged formeily to the Traherues, and belongs
now to the Smiths. Llantrisaint House, Miskin, Garth
Hall, Treferig, and Tirmabelis are chief residences. Iron
and lead ores a!)Ouud; and the h«matite iron mines of Cor-
nel and Mwyn ly, about a mile from the town, are worked
in the manner of a quarry. The Ely Valley railway
runs from the Llantrisaint station of the South Wales
northward to Diuas. The Llantrisaint and Taff A''ale
railway, authorized in 1861, runs from the South Wales,
past Llantrisaint, to the Tatf Vale line at Lautwit-
Vardre ; and sends off one branch to the Ely Valley, and
another to Llantrisaint Common. The Taff Vale railway
runs along the N, past Cymmer, and up the valley of the
Rhondda. Traces exist of ancient British camps. A
second church, called St. John's, a modem edifice, is in
the parish. The head living is a vicarage, and that of St.
John is a p. curacy, in the diocese of Llandaff. Value
of the vicarage, £546 ; * of the p. curacy, X92. Patrons
of the former, the Dean and Chapter of Gloucester; of
the latter, the Rev. R. Prichard. The chapelry of Taly-
{<arn and part of that of Glyntaff also are in the parish. Sir
L. Jenkins, the judge and secretary of state, was a native.
The sub-district contains also six other parishes.
Acres, 33,225. Pop. in 1851, 10,713; in 1S61, 12,904.
Houses, 2,000.
LLANTRISSENT, a parish in Pontypool district,
Monmouth; on the ri^■er Usk, 3 miles S by E of Usk r.
station. Post-town, Usk, under Newport, Monmouth.
Acres, 2,762. Real property, £2,832. Pop., 308.
Houses, 59. The property is divided among a few. The
living is a vicarage, united with the vicarage of Pertholey,
in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £180.* Patron, the
Rev. C. J. E. Wakley. The church is dedicated to Sts,
Peter, Paul, and John; and is good.
LLANTRITilYD, a parish iu Cardiff district, Gla-
morgan; 3 miles SE by E of Cowbridge r. station. Post-
town, Cowbridge. Acres, 1,391. Ileal property, £1,574.
Pop., 204. Houses, 40. All the property, except one
farm, belongs to the Aubreys. The uiauor was given
by Fitz-Hamon to Uywel ab Jostyn; and it had a castle
of the latter, which wxs destroyed in 115!. Llantrithyd
Place belonged to successively the Maiis-ls, the Ba-ssets,
and the Aubieys; was a Tudor edifice; and is now a
ruin. Limestone abounds, and lead is found. The liv-
ing is a rectory in the diocese of Llandalf. Value, £240. *
Patron, Sir T. D. Aubrey, Bart. The church is dedi-
cated to St. lUtyd, contains elfigies of a Basset and a
ilansel, and is gooil.
LLANTWIT. See L.vNTwrr.
LLANTWIT-VAIRDKE. See L.\xtwit-V.\iedue.
LLANTYD. See Llantood.
LLANTYSILIO. See Llandtsilio.
LLANUFYDD. See Llaxxefydd.
LLANULID, a chapeliy in Devynock parish, Brecon;
on the rivulet Cray, 3 miles ESE of Trecastle, and 74 W
of Brecon r. station. It is conterminate with Cray
hamlet; and its post-town is Trecastle, under Brecon.
Real property-, £2, 3o9. Pop., 515. Houses, 105. The
living is a p. curacy iu the tliocese of St. David's. Value,
£120. Patron, the Vicar of Devynock.
LLANUNDA. See Llaxavnua.
LLANUWCHYLLYN, a village and a parish in Bala
district, Merioneth. The \Tllage stands ou the rivulet
Dwfrdwy, near the head of Bala lake, and near a railway
which was in couree of formation in 1866 from Coriven to
Barmouth, amid a wild country under the Arrenig and
Berv\7n mountains, 5 miles SSW of Bala; and has a
post-office uuder Con\-en, and fairs on 25 April, 20 Jime,
22 September, 16 October, and 22 November. — Tha
parish comprises the townships of Castell, C}TiIl\vyd,
Peuanlliw, and Penarran. Acres, 12,000. Real pro-
perty, £4,692. Pop. in 185], 1,264; in 1861, 1,145.
Houses, 263. The property is divided among a few.
Slate is quarried; and a gold-miue was worked iu
1866-7. A waterfiiU is on the river TwTch, at Bwlch-
y-Grols pass. A Roman fortalice is supposed to have
been at Caer-Gai; .\rid Roman coins have been found
there. The livini:,' is a vicarage in the diocese of St.
Asaph. Value, £2.iO. Patron, Sir W. W. Wynu,
Bart. The church is dedicated to St. Deiniol, contain i
the effigies of a knight, and was reported in 1859 m
^\Tetchedly uncomfortable. The name Llauuwychyllyii
alludes to the church's situation in reference to Bala lake,
and signifies "the church above the lake." There aro
'a Calvinistic Methi>i>.t chapel, an endowed school with
£25 a-j'ear, alms-houses with £42, and other charities
£29. R. Vaughan, the translator of the " I'ractice of
Piety," resided at Caer-Gai.
LLANVACHES, a parish in Newport dbtrict, Mon-
mouth ; near Went wood, 3J miles N by E of Magor r.
station, and 6i WSW of Chepstow. Post-town, New-
port, Monmouth. Acres, 2,108. Real property, £2,035.
Pop. in 1851, 291; in 1361, 235. Houses, 60. The de-
crease of pop. was caused partly by the demolition of
huts, owing to the sale of newly enclosed lands. The
property is much subdivided. A castle was anciently
iiere, but has entirely disappeared. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £194. Patron,
Lord Tredegar. The church is dedicated to St. Dubri-
cius, and is not ver%" good. Charities, £10.
LLAN VAKLRHYs. See Aberdauox.
LLANVAE3. See Ll.vxfaf.s.
LLANVAIR, a himlet in I^landyssil parish, Cardigan;
6J nules E of Newcastle-Emlyn. Pop., 227.
LL.\XVAIR, a township in Llanvair-Waterdine par-
ish, Salop; on the river Teme, near Offa's dyke, 4 miles
NW of Knighton.
LLANVAIR, ^Merioneth. See Ll.vxf.vir.
LLANVAIR-CAEREINION. See Llaxfair-Caf.u-
EIXIOX.
LLANVAIR-CLYDOGAN. See Li.axfair-Clypo-
G.VN'.
LLANVAIR-DISCOED, a township and a jiarish iu
Chepstow district, Monmouth. The township lies near
Went wooil, 4 miles NXE of Magor r. station, and 5^ W
by S of Chepstow. Aores, 1,316. Real proijcrty, £907.
Pop., 150. Hous"^, 32. — The parish contaius "also thw
hamlet of Dinhara; and its post-town is Cliei)stow.
Acres, 1,986. Real property, £1,533. Pop., 187.
Houses, 39. The property is divided among a few.
Llanvaii- Castle belonged, in 1270, to the Pagan family ;
and is now a ruin, comprising a square tower and t\v.»
round ones, in juxtaposition with a farm-house. Din-
ham Castle is now reduced to a few wood-covered ve.>i^iges.
LLAXVAIR-KILGIDIX.
1-2.-
LLANVIHANGEL-NIGH-USK.
I'.omaa coins, urns, auJ other reli -s have been found.
The livirij,' is a p. cunicj-, aunexotl to the vicara^'e of
Cacr.veat, in the diocese of Llandatf. Tlie cliuroh is
g.>Dd.
LLAXVAIR-DYFFRYX-CLWYD. See Llanfaiu-
LLAX VAIR-IS-GAER. See Llaxfaiu-Is-Gaeu.
LLANVAIR-KILGIDIX, a parish in Abergavenny
distri:t, Monmouth; on the river Usk, 2i miles XE by
N of yaatyderry r. station, and 54 SE of Abergavenny.
Fost-town, Abergavenny. Acres, 1,801. Real pro{)erty,
£2,S-24. Pop., 256. Houses, 59. The property is
ilivided among a few. A suspension bridge for foot-
passengers here spans the Usk. The living is a rectory
in the "diocese of Llandaff. Value, £395.* Patron, Lord
Trede *ar. The church is good. Charities, £9.
LLAXA'AIR-MATHAFARX-EITHAF, &c. See
LLA>rFAIE-iL\THArAP.N"-ElTHAF, &C.
LLAXVAIR-WATERDIXE, a parish in the district
of Krjghtoa and county of Salop; on the river Teme at
the l-oundary with Radnor, near Offa's dyke, 4 miles
NW of Knighton r. station. It contains the townships
of Llanvair.'Clewilsey, Funnauvair, Maneythesney, Selly,
Sky>x)rry, and Trebert; and its post-town is Knighton,
Ka'inors'hire. Acres, 7,720. Real property, £5,730.
Pop., 611. Hou?e5,116. The property is divided among
a few. The manor belongs to the Earl cf Powis. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Hereford. Value,
£7S. Patron, the Earl of Powis. The church was re-
loilt in 1S54, and is in the pointed style. There are a
national school, and charities £5.
LLANVAIRYXEUBWLL, &c. SeeLLANFAiuYNEU-
EWLX, &C.
LLAXVALLTEG. See Ll.axfallteg.
IvLANVAXOS, or Llantaen'or, a chapelry in Llan-
gatt'X'k-Vibon-Avel parish, Monmouthshire; 6^ miles
ZS'W of Monmouth r. station. Post-touTi, Jlonmouth.
The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage of
Llaagattock-Vibon-Avel, in the diocese of Llandaff.
LLAXVAPLEY, a parish in Abergavenny district,
Monmouth; on the river Trothy, 4 miles E of Aber-
gaveanv r. station. Post-town, Abergavenny. Acres,
Sly. Real propertj-. £1,345. Pop., 155. Houses, 31.
Tae pr'3i.>ertT is much subdivided. The living is a
rectory ia the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £231.*
Patron, the Earl of Abergavenny. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Maplev, and is good.
LLANVARETli, a parbh in the district of Builth and
county of Radnor; on the rivers Vareth and Wye, 2
miles E of Builth r. station. Post-town, Builth, Bre-
conshire. Acres. 2,215. Real property, £1,104. Pop.,
155. Honses, 25. The property is subdivided. Much
of the snrface is hill pasture. The living is a rectory,
annexed to the rectory of Aberedw, in the diocese of St.
iJavid'i. The church was reported in 1859 as bad.
LLANVEAU, or Llaxvedw, a hamlet in Michael-
stone-y-Vedw parish, Glamorgan; on the river Rumney,
at the boundary with Glamorgan, 54 miles ESE of
Crvirjihilly. Acres, 2,299. Real property, £1,962. Pop.,
305. Houses, 62. Ruperrah and Cefu-Mably are chief
residences.
LLAXVETHERIXE, a parish in Abergavenny dis-
tri.-r, Monmouth ; on the river Trothy, Sf miles SE by
E ot" Llantihan-el r. station, and 4J- NE by E of Aber-
gavennv. Po^t-town, Abergavenny. Acres, 2,153.
Real i-roperty. £2,575. Pop., 222. Houses, 43. The
property is divided among a few. The living is a rectory
in the dioc'se ot Ll.mdaff. Value, £260.* Patron, the
Earl of Ab.-rgivennj-. The church is good.
LLAX\'EYNOE, a township - chapelry in Clodock
parish, Her'^ford; on an affluent of the river Jlonnow,
iLudcr the Bla-.-k mountain^, at the boundary with Jlon-
mouth and Brc'on, C miles NXW of Paudy r. station,
and 9 SSE of Hay. Post-town, Abergavenny. Real
property, £2,237. Pop., 2S3. Houses, 5C. The living
is a'p. curacy in the dior-.se of Hereford. Value, £01.
Patron, the Yicar of Clodnck. Tlie church is old and
plain.
LL.\XVJGAX. or Llan-fei->,ax, n p.^ii.^h in the dis-
trict and county of Brecon ; on the Brecon canal, near
the river U.sk, 2 miles X\V of Talybout r. station, and 4
SK of Brecon. It contains the hamlets of Glynn-CoUwu
and Penkelly ; and its post-town is lirecon. Acres,
12,642. Real property, £4,664. Pop., 674. Houses,
146. A castle of the Jlortimcrs was here. Gileston
was held by the Pierreponts. Some mining is carried
on. The living is a rectory, united with the chapelry of
Gljim, in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £5S0.*
Patron, the Rev. John Price. The church is deilicated
to St. Veugan. The churchyard contains a yew-tree
about 29 feet in girth. Charities, £42.
LLANVIHAXGEL, Anglesey, &c. l?ee Llasfihax-
GEL.
LLAXVIHAXGEL-CRUCORXEY, a ^-illage, a par-
ish, and a snb-di.'itrict, in Abergavenny district, Jlon-
mouth. The village stands on the river Monnow, adja-
cent to the Abergavenny and Hereford railway, near
the boundary with Hereford, and under Skirrid-fawr
mountain, 1 mOe NNE of Llaufihangel r. station, and 4.^
NNE of Abergavenny; and has a post-office under
Abergavenny. — The parish contains also the hamlet o
Penbiddle, and comprises 3,264 acres. Real property,
£3,579 ; of which £215 are on the raUway. Pop., 479.
Houses, 103. The propertj- is much subdivided. Llan-
vihangel Court belonged to the Arnolds ; passed, in the
time of Queen Anne, to the Harleys; belongs now to the
Hon. W. Rodney; is an ancient edifice; and has a re-
markably grand avenue of firs. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £281.* Patron,
the Prince of Wales. The church is good. Charities,
£4.— The sub-district contains also six other parishes.
Acres, 20,510. Pop., 1,860. Houses, 402.
LLANVIHAXGEL - LLAXTARNAM, a parish in
Xewport district, Jlonmouth ; on the river Afou-Llwyd,
an afHuent of the Usk, adjacent to the Eastern Valleys
railway, 3^ miles N of Newport. It has a station, of the
name of Llantarnam, on the railway; and its post-towa
is Cacrlcon, under Newport, Jlonmouth. Acres, 4,092.
Real property, £6,100; of which £1,000 are in ii'onworks,
and £13 on the railway. I'op. in 1851, 1,228 ; in 1S61,
1,301. Houses, 263. The property is much subdivided.
A Cistertian abbey stood here ; and was given, at the
dissolution, to the Jlorgans. Llantarnam House was
built from the materials of the abbey; is a Tudor edifice;
belonged, for a time, to the Jlorgans ; and is now the
seat of E. Blewitt, Esq. The living is a vicarage in
the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £108. Patron, E.
Blewitt, Esq. The church is good.
LLANVIHAXGEL-NANTMELLAX", a township and
a parish in Presteigne district, Radnor. The township
lies 3J miles SW of New Radnor, and 9 W of Kington r.
station ; and is partly within Llandegley parish. Real
property, £2,138. Pop., 258. Houses, 43. Pop. of the
part within Llandegley, 43. Houses, 6. The parish
includes the township of Trewem and Gwythla, and pai't
of the township of Upper Harpton. Post-town, New
Radnor, Radnorshire. Acres, inclusive of all L. town-
ship, but exclusive of the part of Upper Harpton, 8,150.
Real rropertv of that acreage, £3,122. Pop. of the par-
ish in 1851, 396 ; in 1861, 348. Houses, 62. A water-
fall here, called Water-break-its-Neck, makes a leap of
70 feet. There is an ancient British camp. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £142.
Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church was rcbuilr
in the Norman style ; stands on ahiU-slope ; and is sur-
rounded by old yew trees. Charities, £7.
LLANVIHANGEL-NEAR-ROGGIETT, a parish in
Chepstow district, Jlonmouth ; on the South Wales rail-
way, IJ mile EXE of JIagor r. station, and 6J S^\'' by
W of Chepstow. Post-town, Chcjjstow. Acres, 557.
Rated property, £755. Pop., 36. Houses, 7. The ]iro-
perty is divided among a few. The li\iiig is a rectory,
annexed to the rectory of Roggiett, in the diocese of
Llandaff. The church is good.
LLANVIHAXGEL-XIGH-USK, a j.arish in Aberga-
venny district, Jlonmouth ; on the river U.^k, 2i miles
NXE of Nantydorry r. station, and 4.5 miles .SE of Aber-
gavenny. Post-town, Usk, under Newport, Jlonmouth
LLANVIHANGEL-PONT-Y-MOILE.
LLANWENOG.
Acres, 3S5. Real property, £721. Pop., IIC. Houses,
Si. The property is divided among a few. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of Llandatf. Valae, £123.
Patrons, Sir S. Fludver, Bart. Tlie church is good.
LLANVIIIANGEL-PONT-Y-MOILE, a parish in
Pontypool district, Monmouth; ou the Brecon canal,
adjacent to the Abergavenny and Pontypool railway, 1
mile E of Pontypool. Post-town, Poatj"]»ol. Acres,
1,651. Real property, £1,598. Pop. in 1S51, 205; in
1S61, 300. Houses, 53. The property is divided among
a few. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Llan-
daff. Value, £87. Patron, 0. H. Leigh, Esq. The
church is good.
LLANVIHANGEL-TOR-Y-MYNYDD, a parish in
Chepstow district, Sloumouth; 3^ miles ESE of Llan-
denny r. station and 5| E by N of Usk. Post-town,
Chepstow. Acres, 1,031. Real property, £1,055. Pop.,
197. Houses, 45. The property is subdivided. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Llandi^'. Value,
£S9. Patron, the Archdeacon of LlandafF. The church
is good.
LLANVIHANGEL-YSTERX-LLEWERX, a parish
in the district and county of Moumouth; oa the river
Trothy, 3 J miles N by "W of Raglan Footpath r. station,
audSWNWofilonmouth. Post-town, Monmouth, Acres,
1,864. Real property, £1,810. Pop., 183. Houses,
29. The property is divided among a few. Much of the
land is meadow and orchard. A bara of Grace Dieu Cis-
tertian abbey was here. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of Llandati". Value, £211.* Patron, the Earl
of Abergavenny. The church is good.
LLANVILLO, a parish in the district and county of
Brecon ; on an atiluent of the river Wye, 3 miles W of
Talgarth r. station, and 5'f KE of Brecon. Post-town,
Brecon. Acres, 3,305. Real propert}-, £1,S10. Pop.,
263. Houses, 61. An ancient British camp is at
AUtfillo. The living is a rectory, united with the p.
curacy of Llandefailog-Tre-Graig, in the dio-iese of St.
David's. Value, £324.* Patron, T. Waikias, Esq.
The church is dedicated to St. MiUburg.
LLANVITHEN, or Llanoetiiix, an extra-parochial
tract in Carditf district, Glamorgan; 4} mUm ESE of
Cowbridge r. station. Acres, 466. Pop., 23. Houses, 4.
LLAN VRECHVA, a parish of two divisi.jns, lower
and upper, in Pontypool district, Monmouth ; on an
afHuent of the river Usk, 1| mile NE of Llantamam r.
station, and 24 NN W of Caerleon. Post-town, Caerleon,
under Newport, ilonmouth. Acres, 4,320. Real pro-
perty of the lower di v., £3,700. Pop. in 1531, 935; in
1861, 933. Houses, 207. Real property of the upper
div., £4,678; of which £1,000 are in mines, £62 in quar-
ries, and £250 in railways. Pop. in 1S51, 1,517; in
1861, 1,621. Houses, 296. The property is much sub-
divided. Woollen manufacture is carried on. The liv-
ing is a vicarage united with the chapelry of Cumbrane,
in the diocese of Llaudatl'. Value, £85.* Patrons, the
Dean and Chapter of Llandatf. The church was re-
ported in 1859 as not good. A national school was built
in 1862. Charities, £5.
LLANVRYXACH, a parish in the district and county
of Brecon; on the river Usk and the Brecon canal, nt-.ir
the Via Julia montaua, and the Hereford and Brecon
railway, Sj miles SE of Brecon. Post-town, Brecon.
Acres, 7,127- Real property, £2,840. Pop., 352.
Houses, 79. The seat of Brycan, prince of Brecknock,
•was here. Tregaer was a seat of the Phillips. Maes-
derwen is the property of the Do AV'intons. Ty-Mawr
belongs to "William De Wintou, Esq. Ronian hjqio-
causts, a conduit, coins, and other relics, were found, in
1775, at Maesderwen. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of St. David's. Value, £305.* Patrons, the
Trustees of the late J. P. De Winton, Esq. The church
is dedicated to St. Brynacli, and is ancient. Charities,
£6. Aubrej', the antiquary. Principal Aubrey, and Jones
the friend of Archbishop Laud, were natives.
LLANVYNOE. See Ll.\nvey-nof..
LLANW.VRNE, a jarish in Ross district, Hereford;
on an atiluent of the river Wye, 4.\ miles .SE of Tram-
Iiin r. station, and 6.^ IS'W by W of Roji. It has a
post-office under Ross. Acres, 2,469. Real property,
£1,043. Pop., 383. Houses, 76. The property is di-
vided among a few. The manor belongs to Sir H. Hos-
kyns, Bart. ; and most of the land, to the Rev. D. Cap-
per. The lining is a rectorv in the diocese of Hereford.
Value, £300.* Patron, the' Rev. W. B. ilynors. The
old church was a fine specimen of Saxon ; consisted of
nave, aisles, and chancel, with finely embattled tower;
and contained many monuments and tablets; and the
tower of it stiU stands. The new church was built in
1864, at a cost of £2,560; is in the decorated English
style and cruciform, of local stone with Bath stone dress-
ings; and has window tracery of Painswick stone. There
are a Weslcyan chapel, a national school, and charities
£4.
LLANWDDYN, a village and a parish in Llanfyllin
district, Montgomery. The village stantis on tlie river
Bechan or Owdd}Ti, 10 miles W by N of Llanfyllin r.
station; and h.as a post-office under Oswestry, and fairs
on 8 May and 2 Oct. — The parish contains the town-
ships of Llan, Abermarchant, Garthbwlch, Rhiewargor,
and Sputy. Acres, 20,190. Real property, £1,932.
Pop., 529. Houses, 111. Most of the surface is moor
and mountain. Slate is quarried. The living is a vic-
arage in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, not reported.*
Patron, the Earl of Powis.
LLAXWENARTH, a village and a parish in Aberga-
venny district, Monmouth. The ■village stands on the
river Usk, under the Sugarloaf mountain, 1 mile E of
the boundary with Brecon, and 21 W by N of Aberga-
venny r. station; is a considerable place; and contains
some curious hou.ses. The parish is cut into two divi-
sions, Citra and Ultra, and e.xtends bej'ond the Brecon
canal. Post-town, Abergavenny. Acres of the 0. div.,
2,860. Real property, £2,463. Pop. in 1851, 254; in
1861, 230. Houses, 53. Acres of the U. div., 2,4S0.
Real property, £4,307; of which £285 are in ironworks,
and £165 in" the canal. Pop. in 1851,2,243; in 1861,
2,096. Houses, 421. The property is much subdi-
vided. Graig Hill, a shoulder of the Sugarloaf moun-
tain, is covered with wood ; and ironstone rocks of it
are extensively worked into what is called bastard lime.
Other tracts jield ironstone and coal. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Llandatf. Value, £267.* Pa-
tron, the Earl of Abergavenny. The church has a later
English tower, and is good. A large portion of the
Ultra div. was constituted a separate charge in 1SG5;
and the living of it is a vicarage of the value of £274,
in the patronaije of the Rector. Another portion, which
had a pop. of 660 in 1861, is included iu the chapelry
of Blaenavon, which was constituted iu 1860. Chari-
ties, £4.
LLANWEN'LLWYFO, a parish in the district ami
county of Anglesey; on the coast at the mouth of the
river Dulas, 3^' miles SE of Amlwch r. station, and 6.^
NE of Llanerchpncdd. Post-town, Amlwch, Angle-
sey. Acres, 1,756; of which 135 are water. Real pro-
perty, £1,042. Pop., 546. Houses, 118. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. Llys-Dulas is a seat of
Lord Uinorbeu ; and stands amid grounds which sloiie
to the water's edge, and command .sjilcndid sea-views.
The living is a p. curac}' in the diocese of Bangor.
Value, not reported. Patron, the Incumbent of Am-
lwch. The church is dedicated to St. GwouUwyvo, w.is
recently restored, and contains an elaborate brass of the
17th century.
LLANWEXOG, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
iu Lampeter district, Cardigan. The village stands ou
an attlueut of the river Tein, near the boundary witii
Carmarthen, 6 miles WSW of Lampeter r. station; is a
considerable place; and has a fair on 14 Jan. The par-
ish contains also the village of CwTt or Court; and its
post-town is Lampeter, under Cavmarth'-n. Acres,
10,720. Real property, £1,374. Pop., 1,521. Houses,
333. High Jlead and Llauvaughan are chief residences.
An ancient camp is at Ty-Cam ; anil there are som.i
barrows. A battle was fought here, iu 981, between
llyvvel ab Jeiiaf and Einon ab Owain. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £1;;^*.
LLANWERX.
127
LL.VNWRTVD.
Patron, the Biihop of St. Davul's. The churcli is decH-
tateJ to St. Gmioj;, aud haj a tower. — Tlio sub-distriot
contaics aho Llaiiwneii parish, aud comprises 13,200
acres. Pop., 1,S05. Houses, 304.
LL.V>>A\ ERX, a parLsh in Nen-port district, lilon-
nouth; on the South Wales railway, 4 miles E of New-
port. It ha.5 a station on the railway; and its post-
town i> Newport, Monmouth. Acres, 701. Eeal jiroperty,
^'1,503. P'jp., 15. Houses, 3. The property, with
Llanwem Hoase, belonged formerly to the Vannes, ami
teloDL.'S now to the Kev. Sir C. Salusbury, Bart. The
living is a rectoiT in the diocese of Llandatf. Vahie,
£100. Patron, the Kev. Sir C. Salusbury, Bart. The
church is p>?d.
LLANWIXIO, a village and a parish in the district
and county of Carmarthen. The village stands near the
source of the Afon Cj-nin, an affluent of the Tatl", 8 miles
W of Conwil r. station, and 11 XW by W of Carmarthen;
and has a fair on 12 Nov. The parish comprises 7,619
acres; and its p:)st-tow]i is Carmarthen. Keal property,
£3,932. Pop. in 1S51, 1,014; in 1861, 944. Houses,
207. The property is divided among a few. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £83.
Patron, "H". Ho'.s'ell, Esq^. The church is dedicated to
St. Gwyno, and is good. There is a CalviuLstic Metho-
dist ch;iprL
LLAN \VXDA, a parish in the district and county of
Carnarvon; on the Roman road from Carnarvon, and on
the Carnarvon and Barmouth railway, 3 miles S of Car-
narvon. It contains the village of Bont-NeA\7dd, which
has a post-office nnder Carnarvon. Acres, 11,459; of
vrhioh 2,o94 are \rater. Eeal property, £4,989. Pop.,
1,660. Houses, 359. The property is divided among a
few. Slate is quarried. Aicient British camps are at
Hen-Gaitell and Diuas-Gorvai. The living is a vicarage,
■united with the p. curacv of Llanfaglan, in the diocese
cf Bangor. Yalce, £270". Patron, the Bisliop of Ban-
gor. The church is dedicated to St. GwjTidav; aud is
exrlv Engliih, cruciform, and good. There are two Cal-
viuistii ilitho-iist chapels, and charities £6.
LLANAVNDA, a parish in Haverfurdwest district,
Pembroke; on the S side of Fishguard bay, 2.;, miles
XW of FL^hguard, and 15 XW by N of Clarbeston-
Road r. station. It has fairs on 29 j^Iay and 22 Nov.;
and it contains the ■villages of Diffrin and Goodwick, —
the latter of which has a post-office under llavurf old west.
Acres, 5,701: cf which 90 are water. Real property,
£3,542. Pop. in 1S51, 1,2':'2; in 1861, 1,138. Hou.se's,
262. The property is much subdivided. A V)ody of
l.Ui'J French troops, nud-rr Gen. Tato, landed liere in
1797; and were spieedily overpowered by a body of yeo-
B'.anry under Lord Ca^wdor. Tliere are numerous Druidi-
cal re.-nains, and remains of ancient camps. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
£220. Patrocs, the Dean and Chapter of St. David's.
Thi church was reported in 1S59 as very bad.
LLANWNEN, a parish in Lampeter district, Cardi-
gan; near the influx of the river Granell to the Teifi, 3
miles V\' by S of Lampeter r. station. It has a post-
ofii.e under Cancarthen, and fairs on 24 ilarcli and 13
De.:. AcKS, 2,450. Real property, £1,316. Pop., 344.
HoiuK-s, 61. The property is divided among a few.
Ll'.vyn-y-Groes is a chief residence. Remains of an old
fort are at Castell-Du. The living is a vicarage, united
\rith the p. curi:'y of Silian, in the diocese of St. David's.
Value. £102. Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The
church is dedicated to St. Gwyuin, and is good.
LLA N \V N N \VS. See C ^v^■.^• \vs.
LL.\NW.NOG, a pari.^h and a sub-district in Newtown
district, Montgomery. The parisli lies on an allluent of
the rivi-r Severn, and on the Roman road to Cliestcr, 6
Eiiles \V by N of Newtown r. station; contains the liam-
let of Caersws, which lias a post-office under Newtown,
Montgomerj'; and contains also tlic townships of Esgob
and Caitle Sumant, Uclillawicoed, and Wccg. Acres,
10.701. Real property, £7,403. Po)!., 1,631. Houses,
2i.3. The surface is hilly, hms to nltitiidcj of 1,500
f*<?t and upwaril, and in^ hide's three lakes. Ancient
British camps and other aHti^uitics are on the lulls. A
Roman station was at Caersw.s. The living is a vicarago
in the dioceso of liangor. Value, £220. * Patron, tlio
Bishop of Bangor. The church is dedicated to St.
Owynog, and has an old screen. There are two Cal-
vinistic Methodist chapels, and charities £10. The
Newtown district workhouse also is hero; and, at the
census of 1861, had 134 inmates. — The sub-district con-
taius also four other parishes. Acres, 45,535. Pop.,
4,802. Houses, 855.
LLANWNWAS, a place in the W of Pembroke; 3i
miles E of St. David's. Dniidical stones .are near it.
LLANWONNO, a parish in Merthyr-Tydvil district,
Glamorgan; near the river Tatl", -and on the Taff Vale rail-
way, 34 miles W by N of Pontypridd r. station, and 8 N
by W of Llantrisaint. It contains tlie hamlets of Glyn-
Connon and Ilavoddryinog; and includes the villages of
Home, and Havoddryinog, and part of Newbridge ; ami
its post-town is Pontypridd. Acres, 13,013. Real pro-
perty, £27,257; of wliich £11,000 .are in mines, £236 in
quarries, £80 in iron-works, and £300 in gas-works.
Pop. in 1851, 3,253; in 1801, 8,702. Houses, 1,589.
The increase of pop. arose from the extension of collieries
and the construction of the railway. The property is
much subdivided. The land is hUly. The li\ing is a
p. curacy, united with the chapelry of Ehondda Valley,
in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £356.'* Patrou, the
Vicar of Llantrisaint. The church is dedicated to St.
Wonno; and its chancel was recently in di.srepair. The
pariah includes a portion of Glyntatl' ch.apelry; aud that
portion had a pop. of 1,932 in 1S61. Charities, £5.
LLANWRDA, a ■villas and a parish in Llandovery
district, Carmarthen. The vUIage stands near the Cen-
tral Wales railway, 4J miles S\V of Llandoverj-; and
has a post-ofKce under Carmarthen, aud a r. station.
The parish comprises 4,441 acres. Real property, £3,120.
Pop., 611. Houses, 118. The property is subdivided.
The living is a p. curacj', annexed to the vicarage of
Llansadwrn, in the diocese of St. D.avid's. The church
was recently in disrepair. The parish shares in the chari-
ties of Llansadwrn.
LLAN WRIN, a township and a parish in Mach3-nlleth
district, Montgomery. The township lies on the river
Dovey, amid moimtainous scenery, 3i miles NE of
Machynlleth r. station. The parish contains also the
townships of Blaengles)Tch, Rhiwgwreiddyn, and Glyn-
ceiriog; and its post-town is Jlachynlk-th, Montgomery-
shire. Acres, 10,351. Real property, .£3,784. Pop.,
720. Houses, 152. The property is subdivided.
Math.avarn, now a farm-house, was the residence of
Davydd Llwyd, the bard of the 15th century; aud gave
entertainment, for a night, to the Earl of Richmond,
afterwards Henry VII., when on his way from !Milf'ord
to Bosworth. The rocks include slate. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Bangor. Value, £365. "^ Patron,
the Bishop of Bangor. The church is dedicated to St.
Gwrin; measures 163 feet in length; aud w.as restored iu
1864. There are a Calvinistic Metiiodist chapel, and
charities £8.
LLANWRTHWL, a parish of two divisions, lower
and upper, in the district of Rhayader and county of
Brecon; on the river Wye, and on the Llanidloes, Rhay-
ader, and Tfdyllin lailway, around Doldo\\ lod r. station,
3 miles S of Rh.ayader. Post-town, Rhayader. Acres,
18,851. Realpropertyof the lower div., £1,161. Pop.,
261. Houses, 47. Real property of the upper div.,
£883. Pop., 295. Houses, 61. The property is di-
vided among a few. Roscoo says, " the small village
and tiny church of Llanwrthwl look out from the moun-
tain-nest of wood anil heather upon the broad river be-
low, whose course nins through woods, only allowing
occasional jieeps of the opposite towering hills, also belted
with avenues aud groups of fine trees. " Druidical stones
are on Scvenstone Common, and in other places. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of St. Da\-id's. Valu'',
£85. Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church
is dedicated to St. Wrthwl, and is tolerable. Th'^
churchward contains a pill.ir-cross. There are ;m In.lc-
pendent chapel, and charities £16.
LL.VNWRTVD, a parish and a sub-district in the dLj-
LI^NWYDDELAN.
123
LLA^JTYCRWYS.
trict of Llandovery and county of Brecon. The parish
lies on the river Irvon, and on the Craven-Arms, Knigh-
ton, Llandovery, and Swansea railway, 11 J miles NE by
N of Llandovei-y; comprises the hamlets of Clawddma-
dog and Llechweddor; contains mineral wells resorted to
by invalids; and has a railway station, desiurnated Llan-
VTtyd- Wells, and a post-office under Builth, Breconshire.
Acres, 11,335. Eeal propert)-, £2,056. Pop., 607.
Houses, 117. The property is divided among a few.
Dolycoed was a seat of the Joneses, and is now the chief
hoarding-housc for -j-isitors to the wells. Dinas also was
formerly a mansion, hut is now a farm-house. The par-
ochial surface is wildly mountainous, but includes ro-
Tnantic scenerj' and many charming walks, A narrow
bridge spans the Irvon at Pont-rhyd-y-feir, r.ear Doly-
coed. The mineral wells lie in a glen, flanked by lofty
heights ; were discovered, or brought into notice, in 1732;
are'chalybeate and sulphureous, of similar quality to those
of Harrogate; and are in repute for scorbutic and cutane-
ous diseases. The sulphureous one emits fetid odours,
and is thence called by the Welsh Ffynnon Drewllyd,
or "the stinking well." The living is a p. curacy, an-
nexed to the vicarage of Llangammarch, in the diocese
of St. David's. The church is good; and there are a
Presbyterian chapel and an endowed schooL The sub-
district contains also Llandulas parish. Acres, 14,555.
Pop., 731. Houses, 136.
LLAJS^^7YI)DELAN, a parish in Kewtown district,
Montgomery ; on the river Rhiw, near the Caersws
Boman way, 4 miles S by W of Llanfair, and 64 N by
AV of Newtown r. station. It contains the townships of
Pencoed, Penymes, and Treganol; and its post-town is
Llanfair-Caereinion, under "Welshpool. Acres, 3,7S4.
Real property, £2,095. Pop., 476. Houses, &6. The
property is subdivided. Much of the surface is hill pas-
ture. An ancient British camp is at Pen-y-Caer. The
livin" is a rectory in the diocese of St. As-Tph. Value,
£250?"* Patron, the Bishop of Llandaff. The church is
dedicated to St. Gwyddelan, and is good. Tliere is a
Calvinistic IMethodist chapel.
LLANWYDDYN. See Llanwddts".
LLANYBLODWELL, a parish in Oswestry district,
Salop ; on the river Tanat, near Offa's dyke, and adja-
cent to the boundary with Wales, 3 miles W of Llan-
ymynech r. station, and 5^ SW by W of Oswestry. It
contains the townships of Blodwell, Abertanatt, Brj-n,
and Llynclys; and has a post-office under Oswestry.
Acres, 4,691. Rated property, £5,542. Pop., 1,008.
Houses, 201. The property is divided among a few.
The manor belongs to the Earl of Powis. Limestone is
worked, and copper and lead ores are found. A lake is
at Llynclys. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
St. Asaph. Value, £271.* Patron, the Bishop of St.
Asaph. The church is mainly of the 14th centurj'; in-
clucfes Norman doorway and arches; was restored in
1855; had then added to it an octagonal tower ^ith
spire; and contains a Norman font, and monuments of
the Brid"Tnans, the Godolphins, and others. There are
an endowed school with £10 a-year, and a national
school. The Kev. John Parker, a very disMnguished
Welsh arch.a'ologist, was vicar, and bore the expense of
renovating' the church.
LL.\NYBI;EE, a chapelr}-, with a ^^llag^ in Llan-
stephan parish, Carmarthen; on the river Towy, oppo-
site Ferryside r. station, and 3i miles E of Lacghame.
Po^t-town, Laughame, under St. Clears. The lining is
a vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £150.*
Patron, Miss Lloj-d.
LLANYBYTH El;, avlllage, aparish, andasub-distnct,
/in the district of Lampeter and county of Carmarthen.
The village stands on the river Teifi, at the boundaiy
with Cardigan, near the Sam Helen way, and near the
Lampeter and Carmarthen railway, 4i miles SW of Lam-
peter; is a resort of anglers; and has a post-ofnce under
Carmarthen, and fairs on 17 July and 1 and 21 Nov.
The parish contains also the villages of .Uvergorlech,
Glanduar, Porthyr>-a, and Tynyflurd. Arrcs, 10,031.
Real propertj', £3,140. Pop., 1,131. Houses, 263.
The surface is hilly. A bridge here cross-s the Teifi.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £117.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The
church is dedicated to St. Peter. The p. curacy of
Abergorlech is a separate benefice. There is an Inde-
pendent chapel. — The sub-district contains also two
other parishes. Acres, 25,667. Pop., 2,511. Houses,
590.
LLANYCEFN, a parish in Narberth district, Pem-
broke; on the East Cleddau river, 3J: miles N\V by N of
Narberth-Koad r. station, and 6i NNW of Narberth.
Post-tovm, Narberth. Acres, 2,684. Real property,
£1,918. Pop., 416. Houses, 88. The poperty is much
subdivided. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
St. David's. Value, £51. Patron, Lord Jlilford. The
church was reported in 1859 as bad.
LLANYCIIAEK, or LLA^■EECHArR, a parish in Ha-
verfordwest district, Pembroke; 24 miles SE of Fish-
guard, and lOi N by W of Clarbeston-Road r. station.
Post-town, Fishguard, under Haverfordwest. Acres,
2,053. Real property, £853. Pop., 194. Houses, 37.
The surface is hilly. The living is a rectory, united in
1S6S with Puncheston, in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £170. Patron' the Rev. W. Davies.
LLANYCHAIARN, a village and a parish in Aber-
ystwith district, Cardigan. The village stands on the
river Yst-nith, near the coast, 2 mUes b of Aberyst^vith
r. station; is a pict\iresque little place; and has a bridge
across the river. The parish comprises 4,021 acres of
land, and 160 of water. Post-town, Aberystwith. Real
property, £3,330. Pop., 580. Houses, 111. Tlie pro-
perty is divided among a few. A steep hill, called Chan-
cery, commands a tine -i-iew of the Ystwith's valley.
There are remains of an ancient castle. The living is a
vicara<;e in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £97.
Patron"; Sir A. P. Chichester, Bart. The church is dedi-
cated to St. Llwchaiam, and is good. There is a Cal-
vinisric I^Iethodist chapel.
LLANYCHAN, a pari.=h in Ruthin district, Denbi^Oi;
OH the rivcr Clwyd, adjacent to the Denbigh, Ruthin,
and Coi-wen railway, 3 miles N of Ruthin. Post-towni,
Ruthin, Denbighshire. Acres, 666. P.eal property,
£1,371. Pup., "107. Houses, 20. The property is di-
vided among five. The linng is a rectory in the diocese
of St. Asaph. Value, £170.* Patron, the Bishop of
St. Asaph. The church is dedicated to St. Hychan, and
is good. A fair is held on 12 Oct.
LLANYCHLWYDOG, or LLANERCiir.L\\-YnoG, a par-
ish in the district of Cardigan and county of Pembroke ;
on the river Gwajme, 4 miles SE of Fishguard, and 10
N by W of Clarbes'ton-Road r. station. Post-town, Fish-
guard, under Haverfordwest. Acres, 2,283. Real pro-
perty, £1,118. Pop., 206. Houses, 42. Most of the
land is under cultivation. Prince Clydawc was mur-
dered here ; and two stones are over his gi-ave. The 1; v-
inf is a rectorj-, united with the p. curacy of Llanllawcr,
in°the diocese of St. David's. Value, £155. Patron,
T. Llovd, Esq. The church is dedicated to St. Da\-id.
LLANYCIL, or Ll.\nykil, a parish in Bala district,
Merioneth; on Bala lake, around Bala tnwu and r. sta-
tion, 12 miles SW by W of Corweu. It contains the
townships of Cyffty, Ismj-nydd, Maestron, Strellyn, Uch-
mynydd, and Bala, — the last of which has a post-oflice
under Corwcn. Acres, 12,868. Rated property, £8,769.
Pop., 2,3S3. Houses, 531. The property is subdi\'ided.
The surface is hilly and mountainous; culminates on
Arrenig-fawr, at an altitude of 2,809 feet; and includes
much picturesque scenery. The living is a rectoiy in
the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £350.* Patron, the
Bishop of St. Asaph. The church stands about a mile
from Bala, and is good. There is also a new church at
Bala. A poi-tion of Fron-Goch chaptliy, with a pop. of
128, is -within the parish. Two dissenting chapels, two
dissenting theological colleges, and a free granimar-sehool
are at Bala; and the last has £160 a-year from endow-
ment. Charities, £29. The Bala ilistrict workhouse
also is here; and, at the cnsus of 1861, had 3 ininates.
LL.\NYCRWYS, a parish in tlif district of Lampeter
and county of Carmartlien; on the river Cothi and the
Sam Helen way, nudtr Craig-Twrch, at the boundary
LLANYFYKY.
129
LLAWHADEX.
with Car.ligan, 4 miles E by S of I.anijieter r. station.
It contaius the hauiltts of Fforcst and MynacUty; and
its posttowu is Lampeter, under Carmarthen. Acres,
3,37i). Keal property, £785. Pop., 524. Houses, 113.
The surface is hilly. The living is a vicarnj;e iu the
diocese of St David's. Value, i60. Patron, J. Jones,
Esi^. The church is good; and there is au Independent
cha[)pl.
JXANYDDAUSAINT. See Ll.\xdd.vusai.n-t.
LLANYDKINDOD. See Llyndhixdod.
LT.ANYEAK. See Llanyre.
LLAN'YFYNY, a townishiuLlangerrig parish, Jlont-
gomcry ; 3^ miles S of Llanidloes. Real propcrtj-, £1,92G ;
of which £194 are in mines. Pop., 419.
LLAN-Y-GWYI;YF0X. See Llaxgrwyudon.
LLANYKEVAN. See Llaxycefx.
LLAXYKIL. See Llaxycil.
LL-\NYLTID. See Ll.vxtwit.
LLANYMOWDDAVY, a ^-illage and a parish iu Dol-
gelly district, Merioneth. The village stands near the
head of the river Dyfi, under Arran-Mowddwj mountain,
2 miles "W of the boundary with llontgomery, 4 J NE by
N of Dinas-ftlowddwy r. station, and IS,^ NE of ilach-
vnlleth ; and has a post-office under Dinas-Mowddwy,
Montgomeryshire. The parish contains the townships
of Cowarch, Cwmceiwj-dd, Llanerchfydda, and Pennant.
Acres, 15,290. Real property, £1,736; of which
£200 are in mines. Pop. in 1851, 685; in 1861,
595. Houses, 128. The propertj- is divided among a
few. The surface is mountainous, and culminates on
Arran-Mowddwy, at an altitude of 2,955 feet. Bwlch-
y-Groes p:iss, on the E boundary, taking a wild moim-
tiun road into Montgomeryshire, was formerly provided
with a crucifix, to remind wayflirers of the dangers of the
region. A spot, called Gwely-Tydecho, close to the road-
side at Pennant, is said to have been the retreat of St.
Tydecho; and five holes cross-wise, on a rock in the same
neighbourhood, are fa>iled to be the impress of his foot.
A -(vaterfall is on the Pumrhyd ri\-ulet, which flows from
a cooin, on the W side of the Dyfi's valley. Peat and
slate abound. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Bangor. Value, £235.* Patron, the Bishop of Ban-
gor. The church is dedicated to St. Tydecho, and is
good. A very large yew-tree is in the churchyard.
Charities, £6. Dr. John Daines, the AVelsh grammarian
and lexicogiapher, was rector.
LLANYMYNECH, a village iu Oswestry district,
Salop, and a parish partly also in IJanfyllin district,
ilontgomery. The village stands on the river Vyrnwy,
at the boundaiy with Alontgomery, adjacent to the
Jlontgoniery canal and to the Cambrian railway, at the
junction of the branch to Llanfyllin, near Oll'a's dyke,
4.i miles AVSW of the boundary with Denbigh, and 5^
S by 'W of Oswestry ; is a pretty place, seated on an
eminence ; and has a station at the railway junction, a
post-office+ under O.^iwestiy, a handsome stone bridge
over the Vyrnwy, .and fairs on 1 April, 29 May, and
23 Sept. The parish contains the townships of Llwyu-
tiduian and Trcprenal in Salop, and the township of
Carreghofa in Montgomerv. Acres of the Salop portion,
1,281. Real property, £6,545; of which £132 are iu
mines. Pop., 551. Houses, 109. Acres of the Mont-
gomery ])ortion, 1,223. Real property, £3,444; of
which £30 are in mines, and £1,432 in quarries. Pop.,
400. Houses, 92. The property is divided among a
few. The manor belongs to the Earl of Powis and F.
West, Esq. LianjTujTioch HiU has an altitude of about
900 feet; commands beautiful views, particularly toward
the Ik-rwyu mountains; is travei-sed, along tlie W brow,
ly OUi's ilyke; has been largely scarped aiul pierced with
quarries, wiience fi'.oriuous quantities of niountaiu limo-
.stone was sent to .Stallordshirc to b-; used there in the
tnielting of iron ore; and seems to have been mined for
cojiper ore, by tin.' Itomans. A large cave in it, called the
Ogo cavern, was fouuil, in 1761, to contain .several human
sktietons, accompanied with tools and coins of Antoninus.
Other hills aUu are iu the ]iaiish; and some of them
have ancient British earth-works. Lead and zinc ores,
us well as cojiper, have been woik-.d. The living is a
rectory iu the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £394.*
Patron, the Bishop of St. Asaph. The church was re-
built in 1845; is in the Norman style; ami has stained-
•dass E and W w indows. There is a national school.
LLAKYNGIIENEDL, a parish in the district and
county of Anglesey ; ne.ir Holyhead bay, 2i miles N of
Valley r. station, and 4] E by S of Holyhead. Post-
towu, Holyhead. Acres, 2,905; of which 605 are water.
Real property, £1,965. Pop., 427. Houses, 77. ilost
of the land is cultivated. The living is a p. curacy, an-
nexed to tlio rectorj- of Llanfaehreth, in tlie diocese of
Bangor. The church is dclicated to St. Enghenel ; and
is an old edifice, on thi; site of one of the 7th century.
LLANYNYS, a parish in Builth district, Brecon; on
the river Irvon, 3 miles W by S of Builth r. station.
Post-town, Builth, Breconshire. Acres, 2,250. Real
property, £952. Pop., 152. Houses, 27. Much of the
land is barren mountain. The living is a rector)" iu the
diocese of St. David's. Value, £101. Patron, the
Bishop of St. David's. Charities, £10.
LLANYNYS, a parish in Ruthin district, Denbigh ;
on the river Clwyd, and on the Denbigh, Ruthin, and
Corwen railway, around Rhewl r. station, 4 ndles X by
W of Ruthin. It contains the townships of Trefecl'an,
Rhydonen, Maesmancymro, Bi-jTicaredig, Bachymbyd,
and Esceibon; and its post-town is Ruthin, Denbighshire.
Acres, 4,921. Rated property, £6,588. Pop., 723.
Houses, 146. The property is divided among a few.
Bachymbjd and RhydyeOg^-jni are seats of Lord Bagot,
and Plasyward belongs to Sir W. W. "Wynne, Bart. The
living L3 a vicarage, united with the j). curacy of Cj-fyll-
iog, in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £415.* Pa-
tron, the Bishop of St. Asaph. The church was reno-
vated in 1862, and has two fine E windows.
LLANYRE, or Llaxhik, a village aiul a parish in
Rhayader district, Radnor. The vDlage stands on the
Roman road from Caerfagu to Builth, between the rivers
Ithon and Wye, 6J miles SE of Rhayader r. station. The-
parish is divided into the townships of Kilgoe and Traws-
coed; and its post-town is Rhayader. Acres, 5,901.
Real property, £2,785. Pop., 744. Houses, 141. The
living is a vicarage, annexed to the vicarage of Llaii-
fihangel-Helygen, in the diocese of St. David's.
LLANYSTYJIDWY, a village and a pari.sh in Pwllheli
district, Carnarvon. The village stauds on the river
Dwy, near the coast, 2 miles WNW of Criccieth r. sta-
tion, and 8 ENE of Pwllheli; and has a post-office under
Pwllheli. The parish comprises 6,522 acres of land, and
258 of water. Real ]iroperty, £4,956. Pop., 1,126.
Houses, 236. The property is divided among a few.
Plas Hen belonged, in the time of King John, to Howell-
y- Vwyall ; and belongs now to the Mostyns. Gwynvryn
is the scat of JIajor Nanney; Trefan is the seat of S. O.
Priestley, Esq.; and Plashen belongs to J. E. Nanney,
Esq. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Bangor.
Value, £485.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The
church was rebuilt in 1863. There are chai>els for In-
dependents and Calvinistic ilethodists, ami an endowed
school with £31 a-j-ear.
LLANYVYDD. See Llaxxefyud.
LLANYWARED, a township in Llangirrig parish,
j\Iontgomery; 3| miles S of Llanidloes r. station. Real
property, £2,455. Pop., 355.
LLANYWERN, a parish in the district and county of
Brecon; near the Hereford and Brecon railway, 3 J mUes
E of Brecon. Post-town, Brecon. Acres, 1,430. Real
property, £1,942. Poii., 139. Houses, 29. The i.ro-
perty is divided among a few. The manor beh-inged to
Beinard Newmareh, and was given by him to Brecon
]iriory. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St.
David's. Valu'\ iSl. Patron, the Bishop of St.
David's. The cliur;b is dilapidated.
LLAUGIIAUNE. See Lauohai:xe.
LLAWIIADKN, or Lawhadex, a village and a pari.-^h
in Narbei-th di.-.triet, Pembroke. The village stands on
an eminence adjaecr.t to the river Cleddau, 3 miles NW
of Narberth, and 3i SW of Xarberth-road r. station; and
has a post-otlice under Narberth, and fairs on 29 Oct.
and 22 Nov. Tlu; ]Mrish comprises 4,490 a.re.s. Ilea's
LLAW-LECH.
130
LLONG.
property, £3,803. Pop., 647. Houses, 131. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. Talybont ami Ridgeway
are chief residences. A castellated palace of the Bishops
of St. David's stood adjacent to the village; was de-
solated by Bishop Barlow; and is now represented by
some octagonal towers and some trefoil lancet-headed
■windows, and by a fine gateway, with a bold round arch,
flanked by two very strong towers. The living is a
vicarage, united with the p. curacy of Bletherston, in the
diocese of St. David's. Value, £170.* Patron, the
Bishop of St. David's. The church is dedicated to St.
Aidan; is in good condition; and contains a monument
of Bisho]) Houghton, of the 14th century.
LLAW-LECH, a hill-ridge in the W of ^lerioneth; 4
miles NNE of Barmouth.
LLAWPi, a Welsh topographical word, signifying "a
ground plot," or " the floor of a buildtng."
LLAAVR-Y-BETTWS, a chapelry in Llanfawr parish,
ilerioneth; 2 miles NE of Bala r. station. It was con-
stituted in 1S65; and its post-town is Bala, under Corwen.
Pop., 410. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
St. Asaph. Value, £118. Patron, the Bishop of St.
Asaph. The church was built in 1864, at a cost of
£1,S00; and is in the early English style.
LLAWR-Y-DREF, a tj^thing in Aberffraw parish,
Anglesey; near Aberffraw.
LLAY, a township in Gresford pari.sh, Denbigh ; on
Offa's dyke and the river Aljn, 4| miles N of Wresham.
Acres, 2,161. Real property, £4,084. Pop., 4S9. Houses,
103.
LLECFAEN. See Llechfaen".
LLECH, a Welsh topographical word, signifying "a
slate," " a broad flat stone," or "a smooth clitf. "
LLECn (The), a rivulet of Brecon ; falling into the
Tawe, 3 miles above Ystradgj-nlais. It is a romantic
stream; presents much attraction to the tourist, from its
mouth up to Capel-Colbren; arKl makes there a fall of
about 100 feet, called Scwd-Hen-Rhyd, with such a leap
aa to allow a person to pass underneath dry-shod.
LLECH, a township in Llanrhaiadi--in-kiunierch par-
ish, Denbigh; 4}maes NWof Ruthin. Pop., 149. The
manor belongs to the Bishop of Bangor.
LLECIIAN, a township in Gyftin parish, Carnarvon;
near Conway. Pop., 146.
LLECHCYNFARWYDD, a parish in the district and
county of Anglesey; 3^ miles SW of Llanerchymedd r.
station. Post-town, Llanerchymedd, under Bangor.
Acres, 1,964. Real property, £1,524. Pop., 366.
Houses, 78. The property is divided among a few. The
living is a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Llantri-
saint, in the diocese of Bangor. The church is dedicated
to St. CjTivaru'y; occupies the site of one founded in 650;
and is cruciform and in fair condition. A stone pillar,
9 feet high, is ne.ar it. Charities, £26.
LLECHFAEN, or Llecrvan, a hamlet in Llanham-
lach parish, Brecon; on the river Usk, near the Via
Julia montana, 3J miles SE of Brecon. Pop., 113.
LLECHFRAITH and LLECHGRON, two hamlets in
Llanegn'ad parish, Carmarthenshire; 7i miles E of Car-
marthen. Real property of Llechfraith with Miros,
£1,553; of Llechgron, £1,423. Pop. of the two hamlets,
204 and 254.
LLECH JIAWR, a hamlet in Lantwit-^Lijor parish,
Glamorgan; 4', miles .^.SW of Cowbridge.
LLECIIRYD, a vilhige and a parish in the district and
county of Cardigan. The village stands on the river
Teifi, at the boundary with Pembroke, near the Car-
marthen and Cardigan railway, 3 miles SE of Cardigan;
is a pleasant place, and a resort of anglers; and has a post-
office under Carmarthen, and a bridge over the river,
communicating with tho charming grounds of Castle
!Malg^v)•n. A large weir formerly was lierc, preventing
salmon from ascending the river; and was destroyed, iti
1S44, by a large body of the Rebecca rioters. The vil-
lage had once a tin-plate factor)-. — The parish comprises
943 acres. Real property, with Llangoedraoro, £5,050.
Pop., 454. Houses, 112. The pro))erty is divided among
a few. A battle was fought here, in 10S7, betwc -n Rhys ab
Twdwr and the sons of BJeddiii ab Cynfyii. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £109,
Patron, alternately T. Lloyd, Esq., and C. R. Longcroft.
Esq. The church was reported in 1S59 as bad. A Pres-
byterian chapel was built here by Wade, one of the
officers of Cromwell.
LLECHRYD-TY-CELYN, a township in Llannefydd
parish, Denbighshire; 5.J miles NW of Denbigh.
LLECIIWEDD-ISAF, a sub-distriet in Conway dis-
trict, Carnarvon ; containing the parishes of Caerhiin,
Llangelynin, and Llanbedr-\--Cennin. Acres, 20,328.
Pop., 2,037. Houses, 457.
LLEGHWEDDOR, a hamlet in Llanwrtyd parish,
Brecon; on the river Irvon, 12 miles WXWof Builth.
It includes the village of Bontrhydyfere. Real property,
£1,238. Pop., 320. Houses, 60.
LLECHWYDD. See Leckwith.
LLECHYLCHED, a parish with a village in the dis-
trict and county of Anglesey; near the Chester and Holy-
heail railway, 3 miles ESE of Valley r. station, and 4}
NNWof Abei-fi'raw. Post-town, Gwindy, under Llangefni,
Anglesey. Acres, 1,783. Real propetty, £1,719. Pop.,
635. Houses, 144. The property is subilivided. The
living is a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Llanbeu-
lan, in the diocese of Bangor. The church is dedicated
to St.Ilched, and was reported in 1859 as needing repair,
and not used.
LLEDER, or Lledk (The), a small river of Carnar-
von; rising in recesses of iloel-Lledr and Yr-Arddu,
shoulders of Moel-Siabod; and running about 8 miles
eastivard, past DolwA'ddelan, to the Conway. It is
crossed, at Dolwyddelan, by the Siirn Helen waj'.
LLEDROD, a township in Llausaintffraid parish,
Montgomery; 4| miles E of Llanfyllin. Pop., 60.
LLEDRODE, a townsliiji in Llansilin parish, Den-
bigh; 74 miles SW of Clark. Real propertv, with
Khiwlas, £3,662. Pop., 299.
LLEDROD (Lower and Upper), two townships in
Llanfdiangel - Lledrod parish, Cardigan; on tlie river
Wyrai, CJ miles NNW of Tregaron. Upper L. contains
the village of Swydd. Real property of Lower L., £1,S22.
Pop., 588. Houses, 134. Real propert}- of Upper L.,
£1,664. Pop., 537. Houses, 105.
LLETHEEGELE, a township in Llaneg\vad parish,
Carmarthen; 7i miles E of Cardigan. Pop., 210.
LLETTYGYNFARCH, a township in Forden parish,
Montgomerj'.shire; 2 miles N of ]\[ontgoraery. Pop., 11.
LLEWELL. See Llywell.
LLEWENNY, an ancient seat in Denbighshire; on
the river Clwyd, li mile NE of Denbigh. It belonged,
in 720, to JIarehweithian, the chieftain of one of tlio
Welsh tribes; passed, before the time of Henry III., to
the Salusburys; went, in the time of Ch.arles 11., to the
Cottons ; was purchased by the Hon. T. Fitzmauricc,
uncle to the late JIarquis of Lansdowne; and went, after
the Marquis's time, to M. Hughes, Esq. The famous
Catherine Tudor was wife of one of the Salusburys of
Llewenny, and was afterwards married to three other
husbands.
LLEVN. See CAnxARvoxsiiiRE.
LLIA ^The\ a mountain rivulet in the S of Brecon.
It rises among the mountains of Forcst-Fawr ; runs about
7 miles southward to tho Neath; takes d'^Ti a road from
Brecon to Neath; and is accompanied, along its middle
and lower portions, by the Sarn Helen waj-. A stone,
called Maen-Llia, is near its head, on the summit of the
road-pa.ss through the mountains; measures 12 feet by 9;
and is visible from long distances on both sides of the
pass.
LLIDI.VRDE, a hamh-t in Llanycil parish, Merioneth;
4 miles NWof f.ala.
LLIDIART-Y-GWEXYN, a hamlet in Llanlleehid
parish, Carnarvon ; 3j miles SE of Bangor.
LLlNEGAIv, a jilace on tlvj coast of Flint; adja'-ent
to the Che.ster and Holyhead railway, near !Most\ u Quay.
It has a post-office under Holvwell.
LLINFI. See Li.vNvr. "
Ll.IVlOR. a townsliip in Berriew parish, ^lontgomery-
shire; 3) miles NW of Jlontgomory. Pop., 233.
LLONG, ahamletin Leeswoodto\vnship, ilold parish.
LLORAN.
131
LLYN-HILAN.
Flint; on the Mold railwaj-, 2i miles SE by E of Mold.
It has a station on the railway.
LLOItAK, a township in Llanarmon-Dj-frj-n-Cciriog
parish, Denhigh; 11 miles SW of Chiik. Pop., 60.
LLOIIAN, a township in Llansilin parish, Denbigh;
5 miles WSW of Oswestry. Real property, £3,472.
Pop., 2-16.
LLOUGHOn. See Loughor.
LLOW'ARCJI, a township in Llanarmon-Dyfryn-
Cciriog parish, Denbigh; 9 miles W of Oswestry. Pop.,
lOd.
LLOWES, a parish in the district of Hay and county
of Radnor ; on the river Wye, at the boundary with
Brecon, and on the Hereford and lirecou railway, 3 miles
SW by W of Hay. Post-town, Hay, under Hereford.
Acres, 3,319. Real property, £3,127. Pop, 324.
Houses, 69. The propertj' is divided among a few. The
living is a vicarage, united with the vicarage of Llan-
ddewi-Vach, in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £132.
Patron, the Archdeacon of Brecon. The church is very
good.
LLOYNDU, a hamlet in Abergavenny parish, Mon-
mouth ; near Abergavenny. Real property, £1,071.
Pop., 155. Houses, 32.
LLUGWY (The), a small river of Carnarvonshire. It
rises on Glider Fawr, in Snowdonia; and runs about
10 miles east-south-eastward, past Capel-Curig, to the
Conway at Bettws-y-Coed. It has much grand scenery ;
and it makes a very romantic fall, called Ehaiadr-y-
Wenol, or Swallow Fall.
LLUGWY, or Llig-svt, a small bay in the NE of
Anglesey ; between Dulas bay and Moelfre bay, 5^ miles
SE of Amlwch. See Peneho.s-Llicwy.
LLWCHWK. See Loughor.
LLWYDCOED, a township in Llandrillo-yn-Hhos
parish, Denbigh; 4^ miles KE of Conway. Pop.,
122.
LLWYDCOED, a hamlet in Aberdare parish, Gla-
morgan; on the Swansea and ]Merth\T-Tydvil railway,
5\ miles SW of Merthyr-Tydvil. Real property, £29,874;
of which £3,657 are in mines, and £22,S60 in iron-
works. Pop., 1,761. The hamlet has a station on the
railway, and is witliin Merthyr-Tydvil borough.
LLWYDIARTH, a township in Llanfihangel parish,
and a chapnlry partly also in Llan^dJan parish, Mont-
gomery. The townsliip lies on the river Bechan, 6.J
miles SW by W of Llanfyllin r. station ; and has a post-
office under Oswcstiy. Pop., 151. Houses, 25. Llwyd-
iarth Park is the seat of tlie Lloyd family; and has,
in its grounds, a famous rocking-stonc, locally c.alled
Arthur's Quoit. — The chapelry was constituted in 1S50.
Pop., 322. Houses, 61. The liWng is a vicarage in
the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, not reported. Patron,
Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart.
LLWYGWY (The). See Li.rG\\-Y (The).
LLWYN^, a Welsh topographical name, signifying a
"wood" or a "gi'ove."
LLWYN. a township in Llanrhaiadr-in-Kinmerch
parish, Denbighshire; near Denbigh. Pop., 343.
LLWYN, a -village in Llanegryn parish, Merioneth;
3] miles N of Towyn.
LLWYXCADWGAN. See LL.VNGAMXrABcn.
LLWYX-DAVYDD. See Li,.A.NnissiLio-GoGO.
LLWYX-DYUIS, a seat in the SW of Cardiganshire;
4.1- mills E.SK of Cardigan. It stands near the site of
a:i ancient castle, and near an ancient camp; and it be-
longs t.) the family of Griffiths.
LL'W'YXEGIUN, a township in Mold parish, Flint; 2
miles NE of MoM. Real property, £1,022; of which
.tl47 are in mines. Pop., 100. Ilouses, 28.
LLWYXEt!i;(J(!, a village in Talachddu parish, Bic-
coHshire; 4] miles N' E of Brecon. I'oj)., 24.
(J-WYXGWRIEB, a township iu Llnngelyniu par-
ish, Jferionctli; on the coast, and on the Aberystwitli
and Welsh coast railway, OJ, miles N of Towyn. It h:ia
a station on the railway; inclinU's a poor-looking village
of its own name; and contains the new parish church,
an ancient camp, and S'vim.iI Druidical stones. Ileal
projpcrty, £l,.'ilO. Pop., "/-U.
LLAVYNLLiyON, a hamlet in Beddgclert parish,
Carnarvon; 4^ miles NXE of Tremadoc. Pop., 215.
LLWYNilADOC, or Llwy.vderw, a seat of Sir F.
C. Knowles, Bart., in the E of Jlontgoinerv; 3J mile.'j
SSW of Welshpool.
LLWYNSWCH, a hamlet, conjoint with Gellydy, in
the Llanddarog parish, Carmarthenshire; 6i miles ESE
of Carmarthen. Pop., 202.
LLWYNTIDil.^X, a township in Llanymynech par-
ish, Salop; on the river Vyrnwy, 5k miles S of Oswes-
try. Real property, £6,545; of which £132 are in mines.
Pop., 545.
LLWYN-Y-CYFIX, a township in Bodfaiy parish,
Denbighshire; on the river Clwyd, 2 miles NE of Den-
bigh. Pop., 146.
LLWYN-Y-WORMWOOD, a scat of the baronet fa-
mily of Williams in Carmarthen; near the river Teifi,
2 miles SSE of Llandovery.
LLYDER-VAWR, a ridge of Snowdonia, in Carnar-
vonshire ; near Llanberis. It has an altitude of about
3,000 feet.
LLYFFANNOG, a township in Llauarth parish, Car-
digan; 4J miles SW of AberajTon. Pop., 272.
LLYFNANT (The), a ri-vulet on the mutual border of
Montgomery and Cardigan. It issues from Llyn-Pen-
rhaidr, 6 miles S of ilachjTilleth; soon makes a tine fall
at Pistyll-y-Llyn; and runs about 6 miles curvingly to
the Dyfi, a little alK)ve its eipausion into estuary.
LLYFNI (The*, a small river in the E of Brecon. It
runs through Llyn-Savaddan, past Brynllys Castle,
northward to the Wye, at Glasbury ; and has a coniso of
about 10 miles.
LLYFON, a hundred in Anglesey; containing Bode-
dem parish, thirteen other parishes, and part of Holy-
head. Acres, 33,479. Pop. in 1851, 14,455; in 1S61,
6,378. Houses, 1,373.
LLYGADUG, a township in Corwen parish, Slerio-
neth; near Corsven. Pop., 38.
LLYN, a Welsh topographical name, signifying a
"lake," a pond,'" or a "pool."
LLYN-BERWYX, a lake in Cardigan; SJ miles ESE
of Tregaron. It measures about li mile iu circuit, and
abounds with trout and eel.
LLYN-BODLYN, a lake in Merioneth ; near Drws-
Ardudwy pass, 4^ miles NW of Dolgell}'. Some Druid-
ical relics are near it.
LLYiNCHEl,, a hamlet in Bettws-E van parish, Cardi-
gan; 4} miles N of Xewcastle-Endj'u. Pop., 154
LLYNCLYS, a township iu Llanyblodwell parish,
Salop; on the Cambrian railway, 3.t miles SSW of Os-
westry. It has a station on the railway, and a post-
office under Oswestry. Pop., 275. A lake is here; anil
is falded to have a palace at its bottom.
LLYN-COKIX. See Auerffraw.
LLYX-CWM-HOWEL, a lake in Jlerioneth; near
Llyn-Bodlyn.
"LLYN-CWitLLWCH, a lake in Brecon.shire; under
the Brecknock beacons, neat the head of the river Tall',
4 miles SW bv S of Brecon.
LLYN-EBYI;, a lake in Montgomery ; 2.1 miles NXE
of Llanidloes. It abounds with trout, perch, and pike.
LLYN-EGN'ANT, a lake in Cardigan; near the head
of the river Teiti.
LLYN-EIGIAU, a lake in CaiT.arvon; under Carncdd-
Llewelyn, 5.^ miles XW of Llanrwst. The strea-n from
it makes a giand fall, called Rhaidr-Mawr.
LLYX-GWYDDIOR, a lake in Jlontgomerv; 4 '. miles
NW of Llangadfan.
LLYN-GWYX, a lake in Radnor; near the hc.id of
the river P^lan, 4 miles SW of Rha3ader. It has a jiecu-
liar kind of trout.
ELYN-GWYXAXT, a lake in Carnarvon; under tha
SEofSnowdon, 4.', miles SE of Llanberis. It is about
a mile long; is fed by a stream descending to it through
a .series of cascad.-s, of about 300 feet; is overhung liy tlio
precipices of Llync''!d, witli wooded skirts down to tlio
water's edge; and is shallow and weedy, but abounds
with ti^h.
LI-YX-IIILAX, a lake in Ra^lnorsliire; 4 miles SW
LLYN-IDWAL.
132
LLYSWORIS'EY.
of New Radnor. It is about a mile in circuit, and aLounds
^•ith fisli.
LTjYN-IDWAL, a lake in Carnarvon; in a deep cra-
ter, under Glyder-Fawr, 5^ miles W of Capel-Curig. It
has an aspect of savage graudour; is overhung by bare,
dark, mural rocks; was reputed! j' the scene of the mur-
der of Idwal, one of the princes of North Vales; and ia
the subject of many foolish popular legends. A mural
chasm, called TwlJddu, about 300 feet deep, is on its
W side; many marks of ancient glaciers are around it;
and numerous rare plants are found in its neighbour-
hood.
LLYN-IRDDYN, a lake in Merioneth; on the W
slopes of Llawlech, 2 mUes NAY of Dolgelly. Vestiges of
an ancient British town are on its W shore.
LLYN-LLANLYCHLLYN, a lake in the S of Rad-
nor; near Painscastle. It is about IJ mile in circuit.
LLYK-LLYDA^Y, a lake in Carnarvon; under the E
side of Snowdon, 3^ miles SE of Llanberis. It is about
a mile long; has a dark green colour ; is overhung by
the alpine cliffc of Lliwedd, Cribgoch, and Penwyddfa;
and was recently damaged, as to its picturesq[uene?s, by
an embankment formed for obtaining access to a copper
mine.
LLYN-LLYGAD-RHEIDOL, a lake in Cardigan ; at
the head of the river Rheidol, near the top of Plinlim-
mon.
LLYN-LLY5IBRAN, a lake in Denbigh; 2 miles
S^V of Nanty-glyn.
LLYN-3IAEN'0D, or Llyx-y-1Ianod, a lake in iler-
ioneth; between the two Manod mountains, 2i miles
NNE of Festiniog. It is of considerable size, and has
good trout.
LLYN-3IAESLYN, a lake in Cardigan; near Llyu-
Benvj-n.
LLYN-MAWR, a lake in Glamorgan ; under Craig-
y-Llyn mountain.
LLYN-ilORWYNION, a lake on the N border of
Jlerioneth; 6 miles E of Festiniog. Its name signifies
the " Maiden's Lake," and arose from a story, that a
number of maidens drowned themselves in it, in con-
nexion wth a raid by the men of Ardudwy.
LLYN-OGWEN, a lake in Carnarvon; near the head
of the river Ogwen, between Carnedd-Davydd and Gly-
der-Fawr, 5 miles S by E of Betliesda. It is nearly a
mile long; and it abounds with fine trout. The Og\ven
river, immediately ou leaving it, traverses a wild gorge,
called Benglog pass, and makes a series of falls of ag-
gregately more than 100 feet.
LLYX-SAVADDAN, a lake in Breconshire; on the
Llyfui river, 4.J miles ESE of Brecon. It is about 5
miles ill circuit; it has beautiful though gloomy scenery;
it abounds with trout, perch, and pike ; it is much fre-
quented both for pike-fishing and for wild-fowl shooting;
it was fished by the monks of Brecon daUy in Lent, and
three days a-week during the rest of the year, under re-
striction of their using only one boat ; and, though it
has a depth of froni 12 to 45 feet, it is fabled to cover
the site of an ancient town.
LLYN-TEGIU. See Bxlx L.vke.
LLYN-TEGWYN, a lake in Carmartlien; at the head
of the Gwendraeth river, on !Mynydd-JMawr. It contaius
fine perch and other fiah.
LLYN-TEIFI, a lake in Cardigan; amid wild moun-
t-iin scenery, at the licad of the river Teifi, 8.^ miles NAV
of Tregaron. It is of considcmble size ; is fabled to be
unfathomable ; and lias red trout, wUd fowl, and other
attractions for the sportsman. Seven or eight other but
smaller lakes are in its neighbourhood; and tliree of
them give rise to three early affluents of the Teifi..
LLYNYI (The), a river of Glamorgan; rising near the
N\V extremity of Mynydd-Llangeinor, and running about
10 miles south-south-eastward to the Ogiuore, 3J miles
above Bridgend.
LLYNVl VALLEY RAILWAY, a railway in Gla-
morgan ; along tlie course of the LljTivi and the Ogmore
rivers, from Tywith-Bridge to tlie South AVales railway,
■XI Bridgend. It was originally a tram-way, under an act of
George IV. i was improved, as a tram-way, under several
subsequent acts; was authorized to be made a locomotive
line, on the broad gauge, in 1355; aiid was opened, as
such, in 1S61. The main line is 9^ miles long; and a
branch of it, from Foce ToU-house to Ynisawdre, is 2}
mQes long.
LLYN-Y-CAE, a small lake, or mountain taru, in
Merioneth; near the top of Cader-Idris. It lies in a
deep cavitj-, overhung by cliffs ; and forms a highly ro-
mantic scene. Ll\-n-y-Gader, Llyn-y-Gafr, and Llyu-
Aren are other tarns ou or about the mountain.
LLYN-Y-DINAS, a lake in Carnarvon ; under the
Yr-Aran shoulder of Snowdon, 24 miles NE of Beddge-
lert. It is traversed by the Glasliyn stream, coming to
it from Ll3Ti-Gwynnant; is of an oval shape; and is com-
pletely engii-t and overhung by mountains.
LEYS, a Welsh word, signifying a "hall," a "court-
house," or a "palace;" and used as a prefix in the names
of places.
LLYSAN, a township in Llanfihangel-Glyn-y-Myfyr
parish, Denbigh; 6i miles NW of Corwen. Real pro-
perty, £953. Pop.," 113.
LLYS-BRADWEN, a place in the SW of Merioneth;
4J miles E of Barmouth. Vestiges are here of the resi-
dence of Ednj-wain ab Bradwen, chieftain of one of the
Welsh tribes in the 7th centmy. The building appears
to have been an oblong of about 120 feet.
LLYSDANHUNEDD, or LLTSTrxiiYXF.DD, a town-
ship in Cilcen parish, Flint; 4.} miles AV of Mold. Real
property, £2,490; of which £430 are in mines. Pop.,
83. Houses, 17.
LLYSDDIEL, a township in Llaugwym parish, Den-
bigh; 74 miles W of Corwen. Pop., 73.
LLYSDINAM, a hamlet in Lknafem-fa«T parish,
Brecon; on the river Wye, 5J miles NXW of Builth.
Acres, 2,470. Real property, £1,116. Pop., 242.
Ilouses, 39. A seat of the princes of Brecon was here.
LLYSFAEX, a parish in Conway district, Carnarvon;
on the coast, and on the Chester ami Holyhead railway,
contiguous to Dcubighshirc, near Llanduhis r. station,
and 3 miles W of Abergele. It contains the townships
of Isallt, Is}-flbrdd, Pant, Penmain, and Rhwngyddny-
fordd; and it has a post-otEce under Abergele, Denbigh-
shire. Acres, 1,900; of which 106 are water. Real
property, £3,727; of which £1,509 are in quarries. Pop.
in ISoi, 771; in 1861, 908. Houses, 206. Llysfaeii
Hill is about 700 feet high; commauils a magnificeui,
view; and was crowned by a semaphore telegraph sta-
tion, on the line from Holyhead tu Liveipool. Lime-
stone is very largely worked. The living is a rectory in
the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £250.* Patron, the
Bishop of St. Asaph. There are a Cal\inistic jMethodist
chapel, and charities £4.
LLYSSIX, a township in Llanerfyl parish, Sloutgom-
ery; 4^ miles NW of Llanfair. Pop., with Coedtalog
and Cenewj-U, 249.
LLY^STYN HYNEDD. See Llysdanhunedp.
LLYSVAEN. See Lisvane.
LLYSWEN, a parish in Hay district, Brecon; ou th.3
river Wye, at the boundary with Railnor, near Bough-
rood r. station, and 7 miles SW by W of Hay. It
has a post-nffice under Hereford. Acres, 2,067. Real
property, £1,152. Pop., 226. Houses, 50. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. A palace of the princes
of South Wales was here. Dderw was a scat of the
Morgans. Llangoed Castle belongs to Sir J. R. Bailey,
Bart. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St.
Da^^d's. Value, £170.* Patron, Sir J. R. Bailey, Bart.
The church was rebuilt in IS 63; is in the early English
style; and h:xs a W tower, designed to be surniouutod by
a spire. The rectory-house was built in 1S65. There is
national school.
LLYSWORXEY, a parish in Bridgend district, Gla-
morgan; 2.^ miles E by S of Cowbridge r. station. Post-
town, Cowbri'lge. Acres, 897. Real property, £1,439.
Pop., 189. Houses, 38. The property is divided among
a few. Little Nash is a chief residence. Tlie living is
a rectory annexed to the vicarage of Lantwit-^Iujor, in
the diocese of Llandaff. The church recently requintd
some repair.
LLYSYCOED.
133
LOCKTON.
LLYSYC'dEI), a township iu Cilcen parish, Flint; 4J
nii:es N"\V of Mold. Top., 71. Houses, 15.
LLY5YFR.\X, a parish in Narborth district, Tcm-
broke: "\ miles XNE of Clarbestou-Koad r. station, and
7i NAY by X of Xarbcrth. Post-town, Haverfordwest.
Acres, 1,46G. Keal property, £1,026. Pop., 16S.
House;, C6. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St.
Pand's. Value, £104. Patron, alt. Lord Jlilford and
AV. H. Scourfield, Esq. The church was restored in 1S09.
LLY.^YN", a township in Carno parish, Jlontgomery;
on an nrluent of the river Severn, 8i miles N of Llanid-
loes. R^al property, £1,490. Pop., 378.
LLYAVELL, a parish in the district and county of
Brecon; on the river Usk and the Via Julia montana,
and on a railway -which was in course of formation in
ISoS from Llandovery to Brecon, under JIjaiydd-Bwlch-
y-groes moimtains, 12 miles W of Brecon. It contains
the village of Trecastle, which has a post-office under
Jlrecon ; and comj.rises the hamlets of Traian-Glas, Ys-
clvdach, and Traian-ilawr-with-Trecastle-Ward. Acres,
22,295. Bated property, £6,021. Pop. in 1851, 1,627;
in 1S61, 1,503. Houses, 338. The property is much
subdivided. JIuch of the surface is hill and mountain;
and it culminates on Trecastle-Beacon, at an altitude of
2,596 feet. A castle was built hy Bernard Newmarch, on
a spot near Trecastle village; and is now represented by
a mound and extensive earth-works. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £160.
Patron, the Bishop of St. David's. The church was
about to be restored in the early part of 1867. The p.
curacy of Ehyd-y-bryw is a separate benefice. There
are two Independent chapels, two Calvinistic Methodist
chapels, a Bajitist chapel, a national school, a British
school, and charities £6.
LOAD, a hamlet in Long Sutton parish, Somerset; 3
ir.iles S of Somerton. Pop., 14.
LO.AD (Loxc), a tything and a chapelry in Jlartock
parish, Somerset. The t}'thing lies between the rivers
Parret and Yco, 4 mUes"SS"\Vof Somerton r. station;
and has a post-office, under Langport, Somerset. Pop.,
426. T>;e property is much subdivided. — The chapelry
does not seem to have defined limits. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Bath and Wells. Value, £55.*
Patron, the yicar of >Lartock. The church is good.
LOAN-EXD, a to^vnship in Xorham parish, Xorthum-
In'rland : 4 miles SAY of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Acres,
533. Fop., 139. Houses, 32.
LOBB, a han^lct in Great Ilaselcy p.arish, Oxford; 3|
juile^ SAY of Thame. Pop., with Latehford, 43.
LOBTHOBPE, a hamlet in Knrth AYitham parish,
Lincoln: 4] miles SAY of Corby. lieal property, £2,198.
Pop., 62. Houses, 8.
LOB-AYOOD, a liamlet in AYorsbrongh township, Dar-
tiol J parish, AA'. R. York.shire; 2 miles S of Barnesley.
LOCEERIDGE, a tj-thing in Overton parish, AVilts;
2 miles SAA' of ilarlborough. Pop., 274. Houses, 59.
I.ookeridge House, a very old mansion, is a chief resi-
lience.
LOC'KERLEY, a village and a parish in Romsey dis-
trict, Hants. The village stands adjacent to the Bi.shop-
stoke and Salisbury ra'ilway, and near the Jlottisfont
.station of the An lover, Ronisey, and Southampton rail-
way, 5i miles N\A' of Konisey; and has a post-oflice
under Romsey. The parish comprises 1,729 acres.
Peal property, £2,001. Pop., 581. Houses, 125. The
property is much subdivided. The living is o ji. curacy,
annexed to the rectory of Jfottisfont, in the diocese of
AVincht^ter. Tiie church is jdain but good; and has a
tiled roof, and a wooden belfry'. There is a B.iptist
chapel.
LOCKIIAY. Sec Lofico.
LOCKING, a parish in Axbridge district, Somerset;
on the Bristol and Exeter railway, near AWston-siipcr-
-Arare-Junction r. station, and 6 jii'iles NAY of Axbridge.
It has a p-ist-office under AVcston-super-lIare. Acres,
1,016. R. il propeify, with Hntton, £0,543. Pop. of
L. .".lone, 152. Houses, 30. The projierty is divided
among a f.w: The ni.inor and much of the land liclong
'o the Alercliant Adventurers ■ f Bristol. The living is
a vicarage in the diocese of Bath and AA'ells. A'alue,
£230. Patrons, the Mercliant Adventurers. The church
was rebuilt in 1810; retains the tower of the ]>reviou3
edifice; comprises nave, aisle, transept, chancel, and
porch ; and contains a fine stone pulpit, and a curious
old carved font.
LOCKINGE (E.\st\ a parish in AA'antago district,
Berks; near the Great AYestern railway, and near the Ridge
way, li miles ESE of AYantage, and 2 SSE of AYantage-
Road r. station. It contains the tythings of Bettcrton
and AVest Ginge; and has a post-office under AVantage.
Acres, 2,822. Re.d property, £5,255. Pop., 318. Houses,
71. The manor and most of the land belong to Lonl
Overstone. Lockinge House is the seat of Col. R. Lloyd-
Lindsay; is a very fine mansion; and stands amid beauti-
ful grounds. A charming dell is here, in the chalk-marl;
and is Avatered, at the head, by a copious spring. The
Ii\-ing is a rectory in the diocese of Oxford; and is an-
nexed to the wardenship of ^Ul Souls' College, Oxford.
A'alue, £480.* The church consists of nave, S aisle, and
chancel, with embattled tower; and is good. There are
a national school, and charities £8.
LOCKINGE (West), a hamlet in YTantage parish,
Berks; near AYantage. Pop., 66. Houses, 15.
LOCKINGTON, a township and a parish in the dis-
trict of Shardlow and county of Leicester. The town-
ship lies on the N verge of the county, at the confluence of
the Soar and the Trent, near the 'ilidland railway, 2h
miles NW of Keg^vorth r. station, and 7i NNW of
Loughborough; and has a post-oflice under Derb}'. Eeal
property, £3,593. Pop., 1S6. Houses, 39. The par-
ish contains also the township of Hemington, and
comprises 2,135 acres. Real property, £6,309. Pop.,
571. Houses, 130. The property is much subdivided.
The manor, with Lockington Hall and much of the land,
belongs to J. B. Stoiy, Esq. The living is a vicarage in
the diocese of Peterborough. \''alue, £238.* Patron,
J. B. Story, Esq. The church is ancient but good ; has
aisles and chancel, with a tower; and contains soma
very fine monuments of the Story homily. There are a
slightly endowed school, and charities £5.
LOCKINGTON, a village, a township, a parish, and
a sub-district in Beverley district, E. R. Yorkshire. Tho
village stands near the Hull and Scarborough railway, R
miles NNAV' of Beverley; and has a station on the railwav,
and a post-oflice under Beverlej-. The township includL's
the village, and extends into the countr}-. Pop., 451.
Houses, 89. Tho parish contains also part of Aiko town-
sliip. Acres, inclusive of Lockingtou-in-Kilnwick to\A-n-
ship, 3,200. Rated propeiiry, exc. of L.-in-K., £3,335.
Pop., 486. Hou.ses, 97. Acres of the part of Aike, 420.
Pop., 35. The property is divided among a few. The
manor belongs to Lord Hotham. A canal, formed by
the Hotham family, goes 2 miles from Lockington to the
river Hull. The living is a rectorv in the diocese of
A^ork. Value, £532.'* Patron, J. AYalker, Esq. The
church is ancient but good; and includes a mortuary
chapel, containing monuments and armorial bearings of
the Constable family. There are a AYesleyan chapel and
a national school. The sub-district contaiTis also seven
otlier parishes. Acres, 22,457. Pop., 3,163. Houses,
575.
LOCKINGTON-IN-KILNAYICK, a township in Kiln-
wick parish, E. R. Yorkshire; atljacent to Lockington.
Pop., 135. Houses, 28.
LOCKO PARK, or Lockhat, a seat in Spondon par-
ish, Derbyshire; 4 miles NE by E of Derby. It belongs
to AY. E. Lowe, Esc]. ; and it occupies the site of an
ancient hosjiit.al to St. Lazai-us, which was given by
Edward III. to what is now Trinity College, Canibrid"e.
LOClvSBOTTO.M, a hamlet in FarubSrough pari.sh,
Kent; J of a mile N by AV of Farnborough village. It
has a po.^t-office under Bromley, London^SI']; and is a
seat of petty session.?.
LOCKSf OX. See Loxrox.
LOCKTON, a village, a chajielr}-, and a sub-district
in Pickering district, N. K. Yorkshire. Tho village
stands 2 miles SE of Levisham r. station, and 5 NE by
N of Pickering. The chapelry is in .Aliddleton carish;
LOCKAVOOD.
134
LODDON.
and its post-town is Pickering, under York. Acres,
6,610. Keal propert}-, £1,422. Pop., 396. Houses,
83. Much of tlie laud is moor. The living is annexed
to the vicarage of JMiddleton in the diocese of York.
There are a church, a AVesleyan chapel, and a Primitive
Methodist cha])el. The sub-district includes also
Levisham parish. Acres, 9,572. Pop., 514. Houses,
113.
LOCKAVOOD, a village, a townshii), a chapelry, and
a sub-disti'ict, in Almondbury parish, Huddersfield dis-
trict, W. E. Yorkshire. The village stands adjacent to
the river Holme, and to the Huddersfield and Holmfirth
raihva}', 1 mile SSW of Huddersfield; is large and well-
built ; and has a station on the railway, and a post-office X
under Huddersfield. — The township comprises 804 acres.
Pop. in 1S51, 5,556; in 1861, 6,755. Houses, 1,448.
The increase of pop. arose from the erection of several
new factories. — The chapelry includes also part of
Almondbury township ; contains the villages of Lock-
wood, Salford, Newsome, Primrose-Hill, Taylor-Hill, and
Crossland-Moor; and was constituted in 1S42. Rated
property, £15,327. Pop., 8,783. Houses, 1,820. The
property is much subdivided. The manufacture of
woollen cloths, both plain and fancy, is carried on;
machines of all kinds, for manufacturing uses, are made
in an extensive ii'on and brass foundry; and there is a
very large brewery. Chalybeate sprmgs and baths also
are here; have a handsome buUding, erected in 1827;
and are highly esteemed for their medicinal qualities.
The Huddersfield and Sheflield railway traverees the
chapclrj', and has here a viaduct 350 feet long, with 36
arches, and with a maximum height of 136 feet. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Ripon. Value,
£300.* Ration, tlie Yicar of Almondbury. The church
is in the decorated English style; and Iilis a fine E win-
dow, and a bell-turret. A portion of the chapelry
around Eashclitfe, with a pop. of 4,140, was recently
made a separate charge. A national school there was
built in ISOu, as a memorml to J. C. Fentou, Esq., and
was used also as a church. There are two Baptist chapels
and a Free ilethodist cliajiel in Lockwood, a Free
Methodist chapel in Crossland-Moor, a large national
school at Lockwood, a national school at Newsome, and a
mechanics' institute, with library and reading-room, at
Lockwood. A family who figure in the ballad, the
" Historj' of Sir J. Ealand," took name from Lockwood.
The sub-district comprises Lockwood township and
part of Linthwaite township. Acres, 1,329. Pop.,
9,488. Houses, 1,988.
LODDINGTON, a hamlet in Maidstone parish, Kent;
forming a detached part of the parish. Pop., 42.
Houses, 8.
LODDINGTON, a parish, with a vQlage, in Billesdou
district, Leicester; on the river Eye, adjacent to Rut-
land, 54 miles WNW of Uppingham, and 6i SAV of
Oakham r. station. Post-town, Uppingham. Acres,
1,840. Real property, £3,309. Pop., 142. Houses,
• 24. The property is diWded among a few. The manor
belongs to C. H. Morris, Esq. A petrifying spring is
near the church. An ancient camp, supposed to be
Roman, is at Filton. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of Peterborough. Value, £175. Patron, C. H.
Morris, Esq. The church is decorated English; and
Kettering
, J , . ,. „. ..^^^„.„.=, r. station.
Post-town, Kettering. Acres, 1,224. Real propeitv,
£2,892. Pop., 2S9. Houses, 60. The property "is
divided among a few. The manor belonged to the Do
Bauds; passed to the Kinnesmans, the Syerses, and the
Allicockos; and belongs now to Lord Overstone. The
Hall, or old manor-house, is a beautiful Tudor edifice.
The liting is a rectory in the diocese of Petcrborou;:;)!.
Value, £500.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor, the
church is lute early English, very mucli altered; com-
prises nave, S aisle, chancel, and S chapel; has an early
English tower, surmounted Ly a beautiful later English
Bpire; and was restored in 1859. A curious coarsely
sculptured ancient stone lies outside of the churchyard
wall. A handsome school-house was built in 1863.
Charities, £22.
LODDISWELL, a village and a parish in Kingsbridga
district, Devon. The village stands on the river Avon,
3 miles iS'2sW of Kingsbridge, and 7 S by E of Kings-
bridge Road r. station; and has a post-office under Kings-
bridge, and a reading and news room. — The parish, to-
gether with Buckland-Tout-Saints, comprises 3,508 acres.
Real property, with Woodleigh, £7,049. Rated property
of L. alone, £3,721. Pop., 899. Houses, 184. The
property is much subdivided. The manor belonged
formerly to the Arundels. Traces of an ancient camp are
on Blackdown Hill. Yellow ochre, of fine quality, was
manufactured; and there was formerly a copper mine.
A spot about a i of a mile below the village, commands
a charming view down the Avon. The Living is a vicar-
age, united ^\-ith the p. curacy of Buekland-Tout-Saints,
in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £443.* Pati-ons,
Trustees. The church is ancient but pretty good; con-
sists of nave and chancel, with a tower; and contains
several fine monuments. There are an Independent
chapel in the village, another dissenting chapel at
Hazlewood, a recently erected British school, and char-
ities £76.
LODDOIf (The), a river of Hants and Berks. It rises
near Old Basingstoke, in Hants; runs north-north-ea.st-
ward, past StratCeklia}"e, to an entrance into Berks 1
mile yV of Riseley ; and goes north-north-eastward, across
Berks, to the Thames at Wargrave. Its length of course
is nearly 30 miles. Pope speaks of the Loddnn as " with
silver alders crowned," and celebrates it as the Nymph
Lodona in his " Windsor Forest;" and Dra\"ton speaks
of it, in reference to its influx into the Thames, as
" Contributing her .store.
As still we see the much runs ever to the more."
LODDOX, a small town, a parish, a sub-district, a
district, and a hundred, in xsorfdk. The town stands
on a small affluent of the river Yare, 34 miles SSW of
Cantley r. station, and lO.J SE of Norwich; consists
chiefly of one street; is a .seat of p^tty sessions and a
polling-place; and has a post-oflicej under Norwich, a
banking office, two chief inns, a police station, a market-
place, a public reading-room, a chwch, Wesleyan and
Primitive Methodist chapels, a public school, and a town
estate yielding £260 a-year. A building for public pur-
poses was projected in 1809. The church was erected,
in the time of Henry VII., by Chief Justice Hobart; is
a large and handsome structure, with a fine tower;
and contains several ancient monuruents. The public
school is in the early English style, and has capacity for
180 boys and girls. A weekly market is held on Tues-
day; fairs are held on Easter Jlondixy, and the Monday
after 22 Nov.; and some malting is carried on. — Tlie
parish comprises 3,020 acres. Real property, £7,212.
Pop., 1,153. Houses, 26G. The manor belonged to the
Bigods, and pa.ssed to John de Segrave, the Munnys, ai'.d
the Hobarts. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Norwich. Value, £300. Patron, the Bishop of Norwich.
The sub-district contains also the parishes of Hecking-
ham, Sisland, Chedgrave, IJardley, Langley, Carletou-
St. Peter, Claxton, Ash by, Thurton, Burgh-Apton, HU-
liugton, Alpington, Yelverton, Howe, and Brooke.
Acres, 19,330. Pop., 5,072. Houses, 1,090.— The dis-
trict comprehends also the sub-district of Woodton, con-
taining the parishes of "Woodton, Bediugham, Tojicroft,
Kirstead, Seething, JIundham, Thwaite - St. Mary,
Broome, Ditohingnam, and Hedenham ; and the sub-
district of Aldeb}-, containing the parishes of Aldeby,
Gilliughain-AU Saints, Gillingham-St. Jlaiy, Geldcston,
EUingham, Kirby-Cane, Stockton, Raveninghani, Hales,
Norton - Subcourso, Thurlton, Thorpe-next-Haddiscoc,
Toft-Monks, AVheataore-AU Saints, Burgh-St. Peter, and
Iladdiscoe. Acres, 59,401. Poor-r.ites, in 1863, .iS.SS?.
Pop. in 1S31, 15,095; in 1S61, 14,242. Houses, 3,134.
Marriages in 1S63, 67; biitlu, 437,— of which 51 were
illegitinuite ; deaths, 272, — of which 90 were at ages
under 5 years, and 13 at ages above 85. Jlarriages in
the ten years 1851-60, 90G; births, 4,728 ; deaths, 2.S50.
LODE.
135
LOFTSOME.
The p';Joe5 oi u-orsliip, iu 1S51, were 40 of the Church of
Zn<^liu>i, with 7,70; sittings; 1 of luJepenJcnts, with
130 s.; 3 of Bapliits, with ItoG s. ; 1 of Unitarians, with
rjO s. : t5 of Wesltrvan Methodists, witli 9S0 s. ; aud 6 of
Primitive Methodists, with 741 3. The schools were 22
public: dav schools, with 1,17"2 scholiirs; 30 private day
schook. with 4C'3 s.; 23 Sunday schools, with 1,277 s.;
and 3 evenin:? schools for adults, witli 85 s. The work-
house is in HeckinghiUn parish ; and, at the census of
1;61, had 102 inmates. — The humlred comprises less
than half of the district, and contains onlv twenty-one
pariihei Acres, 29,214. Pop. in 1851, 7,7'74 ; in ISOl,
7,50?. Houses, 1,663.
LODE, a chapelry in Bottisham parish, Cambridge-
shire, 6i miles EXE of Cambridge. Pop., 776. An ab-
bey, called the priory of Anglesey, was founded here by
Henrv L; and some remains of it still exist. The cha-
pelry was constituted in 1863. The living is a vicarage.
Value, not reportei* There is a national school.
LODEK \TnE). See Lowther ^The).
LODERS, a ^'i]lage and a parish in Bridport district,
Dorset. The village stands adjacent to the Bridport rail-
way, on a small affluent of the river Brit, 2 miles NE of
Bridport; and has a post-ofSce under Bridport. The
parisa comprises 2,241 acres. Pieal property, with Up-
loders, Mattravers, and Askerswell, £7,127. Rated pro-
perty of L. alone, £4,493. Pop. in 1851, 986 ; in 1861,
1,053. Houses, 218. The property is divided among
a fe-!v. Loders Court is the seat of Sir M. H. Jsepean,
Bart. A priory, subordinate to Jlontsburgh abbej' iu
Sormxndj, wao founded here in the time of Henry IL;
and was given, b^' Henry V., to Sion abbey. BuOdiug
stone is quarrie.L A large flax and hemp mill is at
"West End. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of Salisbury. Value, £315.* Patron, alternately the
Lord Chancellor and Sir M. H. Nepean, Bart. The
church has a low massive "\V tower, and is good. There
are a Weslevau chapel, a national school, and charities
£12.
. LODGE, a place near'the boundary between Salop and
Denbigh; l.J mUe from Chirk, and 6i from Ruabon. It
has a post-o;£ce under Ruabon.
LODGE, a hamlet in Settle to^vnship, Giggleswick
parish, W. Y<~ Yorkshire; near Settle.
LODGE-GREEN, a hamlet in Melbecks township,
Gri!i:on parish, Vr'. E. Yorkshire ; 4^ miles N of Ask-
rigg.
LODGE-ON-THE-'WOLDS, an extra-parochial tract
in Bingham district, Notts; 6^ miles S of Bingham.
Pop., 4. Hou--e, 1.
LODSW'OPvTH, a parish in Midhurst district, Sussex;
near the river Rother, 3i miles NE of Midhurst r. sta-
tion. It contains the hamlet of Lickfold; includes a
det.'i:hed tract, called Blackdown House; and has a
post-office unlvr Pet worth. Acres, 1,805. Real pro-
]*rt", £2,214. Pop., 629. Houses, 133. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. The manor belonged an-
ciently to the Bishop of Loudon ; was then a liberty,
enjo\"ing certain exemptions; was given, by Henry VIII.,
to Sir .Vnthony Browne ; and belongs now to the Earl
of Egrnont. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Chi'.l.ester. Value, £58.* Patron, the Earl of Eginont.
Thv ■jliurch is ancient; comprises nave, aisles, transepts,
and chancel, with a tower; has a kind of open cloister
of timber-Work on the S side; and was recently restored.
There is a national school.
LOEGlil.X, an ancient extensive territory, E of the
Severn and S of the Humber, and not far from identical
with the Ronmn Flavia C.iesariensis.
LOE-PUOL, the estuary of the Cober river in Corn-
wall; extending from the vicinity of Helston to the sea,
and possessing peculiar and interesting features. See
Helstcj.s.
LOES, a hundred in Sufl'olk ; bounded by Iloxnc,
Plorne»gato, Wilf.jrd, Cohuis and Carlford, Thrcdling,
and Bosmere an 1 Chiydon; and containing Brandcstuu
parish, and seventeen other ])arishes. Acres, 30,859.
Pop. in 1351, 14,023; in ISUl, 13,03.3. Houses,
2.793.
LOFTHOUSE,. a village, a parish, and a sub-district
in Gnisbrough district, N. R. Yorkshire. The villago
stands li mile from the coast, 43 IvSE of Saltbum r.
station, and 7 NE by E of Guisbrough; and has a post-
ollicof under Rcdcar, and a customary weekly market on
Tliursday. — The parish contains also the hamlets of
South Lofthouse, Waplcy, aud Street-Houses. Acres,
3,935; of which 160 are water. Real property, £5,849;
of which £215 are in mines, and £741 in ironworks.
Pop. in 1851, 1,192; in 1861, 1,103. Houses, 253. The
property is divided among a few. The manor belongs
to the Earl of Zftlund. Lofthouse Hall is a chief resi-
dence. Aluminous rocks abound; aud there are alum
works, stone quarries, and brick and tile works. A
line plesiosaurus was found here, and is now iu the
Yorkshire museum. A circular mound, with an ancient
entrenchment, is AV of the village. A small Benedic-
tine priory stood at HandaU, 1 mile S ; was founded in
1133 by William Percy; occupied a charming site,
among glens and dales, with a fine view of the ocean ;
and has left scarcely any vestiges. A sword of Sir R.
Bruce, of the time of EJizabeth, was discovered on the
site of the chapter-house, under a stone coffin, inscribed
"the snake-killer;" and that cothu is supposed to havo
contained the remains of a valiant j'oung knight who re-
scued an earl's daughter from a serpent in Scaw-wood.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of York. Value,
£575. * Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church was
rebuilt in 1811, after designs by Bonomi. There are
chapels for Independents and Wesleyan Methodists.
John Hopkinson, the antiquary, who was so highly re-
spected during the civil war of Ciarles I., as to receive
letters of protection from the rival commanders in York-
shire, was a resident; and Gen. the Hon. Sir R. Dundos
died here in 1844.— The sub-district contains also Ea^-
ington parish and parts of two other parishes. Acres,
16,302. Pop., 2,339. Houses, 503.
LOFTHOUSE, a hamlet in Harewood township and
parish, AV. R. Yorkshire; in the valley of the AVharfe,
near the Leeds and Thirsk railway, 74 miles NNE of
Leeds.
LOFTHOUSE, a village, a township, and a chapelry
in Rothwell parish, W. R. Yorkshire. The village
stands 1 mile E of the Leeds and Wakefield railway,
and 3 N of Wakefield; and has a station, jointly with
Ontwood, on the railway, and a iwst-olhcej under Wake-
field.— The township contains also the ham'lets of Ou-
zlewell-Green and Robin-Hood. Acres, 1,088. Rated
property, £2,443. Pop., 2,028 The property is divided
among a few. The manor, with Lofthouse House, be-
longs to J. Charlesworth, Esq. Lofthouse Hall is the
seat of P. Ramskill, Esq. Stone is quarried at Robm-
Hood aud Lee-Moor. Large quantities of vegetables are
sent to the markets of the neighbouring towns. Cord-
age and twine are spun. — The chapelry contains also the
township of Carlton, and is sometimes called Lofthouse-
with-Carlton. Acres, 1,916. Rated property, £4,351.
Pop., 2,099. Carlton was the seat of a family called
Hunts, who took their name from their addictraent to
the chase; and it has soap-works aud cordage-makers.
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Ripon. Va-
lue, £120. * Patron, the Vicar of Rothwell. The church
was built in 1840; is a plaiu structure, in the early Eng-
lish style; and consists of nave and chancel, with bell-
turrct. There arc a. Wesleyan chapel and a national
school in Lofthouse, and a Wesleyan chapel and a Pri-
mitive Methodist chapel in Carlton.
LOFTHO US E-G.VTE, a hamlet in Stanley township,
Wakefield parisli, W. R. Yorkshire; near Lofthouse.
LOFTHOUSE (High and l,ow), two hamlets in
Fountains- Earth township, Kirkby - Jlalzeard parish,
W. R. York.shire; near the river Nidd, 8 miles X of
Pateloy-Bridgi'. There are a Wesleyan chapel and a
charity school.
LOFTHOUSE (South). See Lofthouse, N. R. York-
shire.
LOFTSOME, a hamlet in Wressell parish, E. 11.
Yorkshire; on the river Derwent, 3} miles >iWofHow-
dcn. Pop., 20. A bridge here wa.s built about the be-
LOFTUS.
136
LONDON.
ginning of the present century, and is of such construe-
lion as to allow vessels to pass.
LOFTUS. See Loftiiouse, N. R. Yorkshire.
LOGARSTON, a to\vnship in Almeley parish, Here-
ford; 44 miles W of Weobloy.
LOLWORTir, a parish in the district of St. Ives and
county of Cambridge; on the Via Devana, 3 miles SSW
of Long Stanton r. station, and 6 NW of Cambridge.
Post-town, St. Ives. Acres, 1,076. Real property,
£1,524. Pop., 133. Houses, 33. The property is di-
vided among a few. Tiie living is a rectory in the dio-
cese of Ely. Value, £182. Patron, Sir J. Hawley,
Bart. The church stands on a height, and is old and
mean.
T,ONAN. See Kirk-Loxan.
LONDESBO ROUGH, a parish, with a railway station,
in Pocklington district, E. R. Yorkshire; on Ermine-
street, adjacent to the York and Market - 'Weighton
railway, 2^ miles NNW of Market-Weighton. It con-
tains the hamlet of East Thorpe; is believed to include
the RoDjan station Delgovitia; and gives the title of Baron
to the family of Denison. Post-town, Slarket- Weighton,
under Brough, Yorkshire. Acres, 4,200. Real pro-
perty, £5,030. Pop., 306. Houses, 57. The property
is di\-ided among a few. The manor belonged to the
Cliffords and others, and passed to the Duke of Devon-
shire. Londesborough Park is the seat of Lord Londes-
borough; and has finely wooded grounds, in which Ro-
man coins and other antiquities have been found. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of York. Value, £79S. »
Patron, Lord Londesborough. The church is ancient
but good; has a tower; and contains several biusses and
inarble ornaments, and a stone font. There are a na-
tional school, alms-houses for 12 persons with £100 a-
year from endowment, and other charities £3.
LONDON, the metropolis of England. The centre of
it is London city or London proper; the centre of that
is St. Paul's cathedral; and this is situated in 51° 30'
47 "Sg" north latitude, 5' 4S-2" longitude west of Green-
wich observatory, J of a mile N of the Thames, and 47
miles in direct line, or about 60 by route, W of the Nore.
Articles on all parts of the metropolis, great and small,
chief and subordinate, excepting the City, are dispersed
throughout our work. The present article does not re-
quire to repeat any of the matter contained in these ar-
ticles; but it will take only a comprehensive view of the
entire metropolis, will give particular attention to the
•City, will notice matters which are common to the City
and to the rest of the metropolis, will supply some omis-
sions in some of the other articles, and will finish ^vith
an account of the diocese.
Historxj. — The name London is commonly thought to
have been derived from the Celtic words Llyn and Din
or Dinas; the former signifying "a lake," the latter sig-
nifying originally "a fort" or a "fortified place," and
supposed to be the etymon of the Roman "dunum," the
Saxon "don '"or "ton," and the English "to\vn." The
■"lake " to which the name refers may have been a great
expansion of the Thames, which existed till compara-
tively recent times, covering the site of Southwark and
Lambeth, and spreailing on both sides of the river, as far
as the marshes of Plaistow, Greenwich, and Woolwich.
Tacitus states that the name was taken from the site;
and Owen, the learned editor of the Welsh Archteology,
says that it means " the town on the lake. " Camden,
however, derives it from the words Llwyn and Din.os, the
former of which signifies "a wood," "a grove," or "a
copse;" and the editors of the Mag. Brit, of 173S, re-
mark that this "exactly agrees to the manner of the
Britons making of cities or towns, by fencing in woods
or groves with trees cut down, plashed within and trench-
ed about, a-s Cresar and Strabo assure us ;" and they add,
■"that if this derivation please not, the same learned
writer gives us another, from the words Lhong and Di-
nas, the former signifying a sliip, ami then the name
will import a city or harbour of ships." The Romans
originally called it Londinium,— evidently a corruption of
its pristine Briti^h name; they afterwards, but probably
uot till alter it became the capital of their British pro-
vince, called it Colonia Augusta, seemingly from its mag-
nificence; and they likewise called it Augusta Trinoban-
tiun, with allusion to its having been the capital of tho
British tribe Trinobantes. The Britons of the 5th cen-
tury called it Limdaine; Bede calls it Londiiiia; King
Alfied calls it Lundenceaster ; and other or later au-
thorities, call it variously Lundenbjaig, Lundenburgh,
Lundewic, Lundene, Lundune, Lundone, and Londone.
The present name, under one modification or other, has
thus existed from the eariiest period of its authentic his-
tory. And " it is evident," says old Larabarde, ^v^iting
in 1567, "that verie few places of this realme have en-
joyed their name so longe : which thinge also is in myne
opinion no lighte argument that it bathe bene of gi-eat
price these many yeares; for what greater cause is theare
of the chaunge of names than the chauno-e of their
estate ? — neither meane I by this that it hatlie sence the
begynninge possessed either that largenesse, beautie, or
nomber of people, that it now enjoyetbe, but that in
regard of the state of the realme then beiuge, it was in-
ferior to uone ■(vithin the same."
The to\vn, in the ancient British times, consisted of
huts, fomied of stakes, wattles, and mud ; occupied the
slopes and summits of the rising-ground along the river,
from between Billingsgate and the Tower to Dowgate,
and backward to the line of the present Lombard-street
and Fenchurch-street; and was engirt, on all sides ex-
cept the river one, by either marsh or forest. Tho in-
habitants probably lived chiefly by hunting and by fish-
ing; they were accustomed to stall as many cattle as suf-
ficed for a few months' consumption ; and "they may have
carried on some small inland commerce. Their chiefs or
kings, in the century before the Christian era, reigned
over a considerable territor}-, and seem to have been equal
to the greatest in Britain. " Cassibelan or Ca-sivellauuus,
king of the Catteuchani, resident at Vorulam. invaded
their territory, .slew the king Imraauuence or Lud, and
sought to slay also his son and heir Mandubrace. The
latter was not able to make resistance; fled to Cajsar,
who then lay in Gaul with the Roman army ; besought
and obtained his protection; and conducted him aud his
army into Britain, in order to be restored to his king-
dom. Cajsar encamped near Staines, and is thought to
have there done sometliing for restoring Mandubrace;
and he must have passed either through London or near it;
but he does not make any mention of it in his Commen-
taries. The Romans took possession of it in the time of
Claudius; and they soon made it a comparatively great
seat of trade and commerce ; yet they did not at first
constitute it a "colonia," but allowed it to remain an
"oppidum." It was, therefore, unwalled; and when
Boadicea, at the head of her Icenine and 'Trinobautine
troops, rose in wath against the Romans, it could not
resist her, but was sacked and destroved, even to the
slaughter of all its inhabitants. The' Romans speedily
re-acquired power; rebuilt the town, in an altered form,
and with enlarged limits; and erected it into a prefec-
ture ; yet even then did not raise it to the rank of a
colony, much less of a municipium. York was the Ro-
man capital ; and Colchester was the seat of the court
•n-hich held jurisdiction over London. But, in the time
of Constantino, about the year 306, the Romans built a
wall round London; and at other dates, before and after,
they erected substantial houses throughout the town, a
temple to Diana on the ground now occupied by St.
Paul's, and a citadel or fortified post either on the site
of the Tower or in St. Paul's church-yard. They also
formed great military roads through 'it and from it;
raised its commerce to .such a pitch that, in 359, it had
no fewer than 800 vessels in the export trade of com
alone; and eventually made it a capital citv, a place of
comparative luxiuj, and the seat of the Vicarius Britan-
niai-um and tlie Commissioners of the imperial treasury.
Tlieir wall was 3 miles in circuit, 22 feethif'h, and 8 feet
thick; had 15 towers on it; and went from tLe Tower, by
the Miuories, Aldgate, Houndsditch, Bishopsgate church-
3-ard, St. Alphage, London Wall, Cripplegate church-
yard. Falcon -square, St. Botolph, Aldersgate, and Lud-
gate to the Fleet river at New Bridge-street. Some ro-
LONDON.
1:^7
I.ONDO^r.
aiains of the wall sUll pxist on Tower-hill, Cripplegato
chu:i:h-vard, and St. Martin's-court off Ludgate ; "and
tTac« of it o.vist also in Bishopsgate church -yard, and at
London AVall opposite Siou college. Watling-street
csroe in by Dowg^te, from Southwark, Shooter's Hill,
and Dovrr; wenf through the to\m, along the present
■V^a:li.-g-street, and pa.^t St. Paul's ; and went off, by
• 'xf-rd-street and Edgware-road, toward St. Albans and
:':;» yorrh. Ermine-street went out, by Cripplegate, to
<:ani:.W Hill, E-bnonton, and Eoyston toward Liucoln-
s'. jre: the Portway went westward toward Staines and
Silchwter; another road went eastward, by Old-street
and Shoreditoh church-yard, toward Colchester; Stane-
£rr':*t went from a ford or ferry opposite York-Gate
stairs, by St. George's Fields, toward Streathani and
Chichester: and another road went from the same place
toward Holw»i Hill and Pevensey. A famous Pioman
relic, known as the London Stone, supposed to have
b-rf-n part of the milliarium or central stone from which
the miles were reckoned along the road, stood long on
The X side of Cannon-street, and is now preserved in a
ifcess of the wall of St. Swithin's church. Roman coins,
nms vases, pottery, bronze weapons, fibulae, beads,
amulets, lamps, lachrymatories, inscriptions, and tesse-
lated javement.% have been found in many places; and
some Lse preserved in the Guildhall, — others in the
Brirlih museum.
London was left in peaceable possession of the Britons
at the rc-tiring of the Komans; was taken, about 477, by
the Sison invaders under Hengist and Horsa; was re-
takec. in 497, byAmbrosiu>, after the death of Hengist;
reic-iineii wit'a the Britons for nearly a century ; passed
then ii-to possession of the Saxons; was made the capital
cf the kingdom of Essex, which included Middlesex; be-
•?ame, about 604, the seat of a diocese, with a cathedral,
afterrrar'is known as the East Minster, on the site of
Diana's temple ; was then, according to Bede's account,
a prlniely mart-to^Ti, or emporium of a vast number of
naric ns resorting to it by sea and by laud ; suffered devas-
-titicn by plague in 664, and by fire in 764, 79S, and 801 ;
Wis the meeting-place of a parliament, in S33, convoked
ly Ezbert, king of AVessex, and inheritor of all the
quoniim heptarchy; suffered much injury at different
timjs, particularly in 8-39, from inroads by the Danes;
■weiit into possession of tl;at people in 851, and continued
EecTire'.y under them till 872; was taken by Alfred in
SS4 ; suffered desolation by fire in 893; and was im-
riie-Iiitely rebuilt by Alfred, re-fortified in its encom-
j:a.?sir;g walls, di^"ided into wards, under separate sheriffs,
and constittited, in some respects, the capital of the
kingiom. The Danes menaced it again in 896-7, laying
cp th^ir fleet in the river Lea, wintering there, and
ftrengt'nenicg themselves by an entrenchment; but they
were beaten otT, with capture of some of their ships and
burring of the rest, by the citizens. Athelstaue made
Lonivn a mint-town in 925; and endeavoured to stinui-
l?.te commerce by promising a patent of gentility to
*vrry merchant who should make three voyages, on his
own adventure, to the Mediterranean. The city was
bunt again in 95"2; and was taken by Sweyne the Dane
ir. lv!3. Only a very few relics of the Saxon period now
exist ; and these consist chiefly of crypts and small por-
tions cf conventi:ul buildings. Winchester, even in the
latter part of that period, and not London, was the para-
mount capital of England.
Canute got t'ne sovereignty from his father Sweyne;
aU'i, after encountering considerable resistance from the
Sasons under E'luiuml Ironside, he establislied himself
secarely on the tl.rone. A tax of £ll,n00 wps, in 1018,
imy'/se-d by him on the cit}-; and tliat amount both
evinces the wcaltliv condition to which the inhabitants
h.^d risen, and shows the productiveness of London to
have then been, wiiat it h.us nearly continued till the
present day, a'c>or.t one-seventh of the productiveness of
the whole kiugd'.>m; for wliile the tuK on Lomlon was
£!I,000, that on all England was £72,000. Harold
■v.-£3 ele-rted, by an assemtdy orwitt'^nug.-mote at Oxford,
to mcreed his f.ithf r Canute. 'I'hat assembly consistecl
trsirdv of all the nobles to the X of tin' Thames; but it
included certain traders from London, probably those
merchants who had acquired patents of gentility for
making three voyages on their own adventure to the
Jlediterranean; and it has, therefore, been regarded, by
some -writers, as affording the first instance of commons-
members from London to parliament; yet it appears to
have really been altogether aristocratic, and to have ad-
mitted the London merchants solely on the ground of
their patents of gentility. The Danes, while in power,
did gi-eat things for London. They originally, and for a
number of times, came against it as semi-savages only to
steal and sack and slay: but, even before the fall of the
Saxon power, the\' began to settle down as promoters of
industrj- and comm.eree. Some suburban extension of
the city, or extension beyond the walls, had taken place
so early as before the close of the 6th century; and that
extension was gieatly enlarged, toward the close of the
Saxon period, by Danish colonists. These settlers built
houses outside the walls, on both banks of the river, in
the Strand and in Southwark; and even had sites in the
city been at their option, they probably would have pre-
ferred the suburban sites for conveniences of trade. Their
descendants, after the sceptre passed to Canute, followed
their example. These built largely to the \V of the city
walls, and on the S side of the river; they mainly origin-
ated Westminster ; they gave name to Southwark by
constructing a fortified post at it, originally called tlia
South-Werk; they addicted themselves zealously to com-
merce; they used their Scandina^-ian prestige, as descend-
ants of the old Norsemen rovers, for navigating all seas;
they made London an entrepot of foreign wares for all
parts of the kingdom; and they soon constituted London,
with its suburbs, the true capital of England, both com-
mercial and political. The local memorials of them are
both numerous and gieat. The present church of St.
Clement-Danes occupies the site of a church of theirs,
which had a burial-pilace for their merchants and their
mariners; and it retains, for its parochial badge, the em-
blem which they gave it, the emblem of an anchor. St.
Olave's church, in Southwark, took its name from the
famous Scandinavian St. Olaf ; and Tooley-street there
acquired its designation through corruption of the same
name. Even three churches within the city were built by
them in honour of their great saint; and, thougli rebuilt,
still retain tlie name of St. Olave. The church of St.
JIagnus-the-Martyr, London-bridge, also was originally
a Danish church. The Danish kings, too, resided prin-
cipally in London, and made it the seat of the na-
tional councils. Ilardicanutediedin it; and was buried,
among his couutrj-nien, in the church of St. Clement-
Danes. Even Edward the Confessor, though restoring
the Saxon line in his ovni person to the throne, adopted
the usages of the Danes; acted more as the half-brother
of Hardicanute than as the representative of his Saxou
ancestors ; was indeed crowned at Winchester; but niade
London the scat of his government, and built a palace
at Westminster, founded Westminster abbey, gave a
charter to London, followed out the Danish commercial
])olicy, and was the first of the English kings buried at
Westminster.
William the Conqueror acquired London without a
struggle, and was crowned at Westminster. Ho got
possession rather by reason of internal factions than by
reason of the city's want of strength; and he pirudently
chose to conciliate tlie inhabitants, by giving them a
kimlly and pithy charter. The document was written,
in the Saxon character, on a slip of parchment, 6 inches
long and 1 inch broad; and, translated into modern
English, it ran as follows . — " William the king greetetli
William the bishop, and Godfrey the portreeve, and all
the burgesses within London, friendly. And I acquaint
you, that 1 will that yo be all three law-worthy, as ye
were in King Edward's days. And I will that every
child be his father's heir, after his f ither's days. And I
will not suffer that any man do you any wrong. Cod pro-
serve you." London, with exce]ition of tluee small
])lots, is not nientioned in Domesday book; but it ])ro-
iiably Wiis the subjeet of a .sejinrate surve\-. The White
Tower, foiiiiing the nueleus of all fhe subsequent Tower,
l(5:n'don.
138
LONDON.
and serving as both a palace and a fortress, was built in
1078. Greiit part of the city had been consumed by-
fire in the previous year; and great part of it. including
both new buildings and old, was consumed apiiu iu lOSO
and in 1092. Its prosperity was checked also by exac-
tions of William Rufus, and by violent hurricanes and
extensive inundations. William Rufus strengthened the
Tower, built Westminster Hall, and restoied a wooden
bridge which had been erected on the site of old London
bridge. Numerous churches and monastic establish-
ments were budt during the reigns of the two Williams;
and some portions of several of them still exist. Henry
I. was crowned here in 1100; and he gave a charter to
the citizens, exempting them from Dane-geld and the
billeting of soldiers, and conferring upon them many
new privileges; j'et he so oppressed the natives and
favoured the Normans, as to provoke much antipathy to
the Norman rule. The citizens, therefore, opened their
gates to Stephen; submitted reluctantly to the Empress
Maud; and took part with the Bishop of Winchester in
restoring Stephen to the throne. A great fire broke out
in 1136, burned down the city from London Stone to
Aldgate, and destroyed William Rufus s wooden brid-^e.
The Knights of St. John settled at Clerkenwell in 1118;
and the Knights Templars, at Holboro, in 1184. The
Tower was used as a palace by Stephen; and St. Katha-
rine's hospital, on ground now occupied by the docks,
was founded by the Empress Maud.
An interesting picture of the metropolis and its cus-
toms, in the time of Henry II., is given in a curious
tract, written by Fitz-Stephen, a monk of Canterbury,
and printed by Stowe. The city, according to this au-
thor, was then bounded on the laud side by a high and
spacious wall, famished with turrets and with seven
double gates, supposed to have been Aldgate, Bishops-
gate, Cripplegate, Aldergate, Newgate, Ludgate, and a
postern near the Tower ; and had in the east part " a
tower palatine," and in the west two castles well fortified,
the castles of BajTiard and Montfichet. Ah-Dut 2 miles
further west, on the banks of the river, was the royad pal-
ace at Westminster, "an incomparable structure, guard-
ed by a wall and bulwarks. " Between this aad the city
was a continuous suburb, mingled with larg^ and beau-
tiful gardens and orchards belonging to the citizens;
■who themselves were everywhere known, and superemi-
nently respected, for "their civil demeanour, iheir goodly
apparel, their table, and their discourse." The number
of conventual churches, in the city and the suburbs, was
13; and that of " lesser parochial churches" was 126.
On the north side were opeo meadows and pasture lands;
and beyond these was a great forest, in wh.>3e coverts
larked " the sta^, the hind, the wUd boar, and the bulL"
Outside one of the gates in a certain plain field — Smith-
field — on every Friday, " unless it were a solemn festi-
val," was a great market for horses; to which earls,
barons, knights, and citizens repaired for seting and for
purchasing; and to which the city merchants took their
wares from eveiy nation under heaven. "The Arabian
sent thither his gold; the Sabeans, spice ai:d frankin-
cense; the Scythiaus, armour; Babylon, its oil ; Egypt,
precious stones ; India, purple vestments; Norway and
Russia, furs, sables, and ambergrease ; and Gaul, its
wine. The only plagues were the intemperate drinking
of foolish persons, and tlie frequent fires."
Richard I. was crowned at Westminster in 11S9;
changed the designation of the chief magistrate of the
city from portreeve to mayor in 1190; obliterated all
distinctions between natives and foreigners; acquired
great popularity by his exploits in the Holy Land, inso-
much as to induce a large sum from tlie citi^rns toward
his ransom; and gave to the corporation, after his return,
a new charter investing them with the con.^n-ancy of
the Tliames and with other privileges. Yet he subjected
the Jews to severe exactions, and even to torture and
massacre; and he so heavily taxed the citizens themselves
as to provoke them, on one occasion, to cp-n revolt.
John, at his accession in 1199, confirmed all tLe citizens'
rights and privileges, on their paying him .''.,000 marks.
A stone bridge which had been begun by the Empress
Maud, in Ueu of the wooden one of William Rufus, w;ia
completed in John's reign ; and a fire took place there,
which occasioned the death of about 3,000 jiersons by
burning or by dro\vning. The barons took possession of
the city against John; committed the Tower to the keep-
ing of Langton; and procured, in Magna Charta, a de-
claration that the franchise of the city was inviolable.
Henry III. repeatedly roused the citizens to wrath by the
severity of his actions ; got angry with them in turn, in
consequence of their purchasing his plate and jewels,
which he offered for sale under emergency; and, in pun-
ishment of that act of theirs, and of their destroying the
house of the Abbot of Westminster, granted to the Abbot
the right of an annual fair of fifteen days' continuance in
Tothill Fields, with the eflfect of suppressing busines.s
during that time iu the City. In 1263, a raid was made
upon the Lombard bankers, many of whom took shelter
for their lives in the churches ; and in the following year,
on some trivial pretext, a massacre of upwards of 500
Jews took place. The Earl of Leicester, doling the civU
war, took up his head-quarters in London; and, after he
was slain at the battle of Evesham, and an end put to
the power of the barons, the City suffered vengeance from
the royalists, was mulcted in 20,000 mark-s, and under-
went temporary deprivation of its privileges.
An order was issued, in 1191, by the first mayor, in
his own name and that of the aldermen, for the preven-
tion of fires, that "all houses erected thereafter in Lon-
don should be built of stone or brick, with party-walls of
the same, and should be covered over with slates or tiles. "
The City, till then, had been supplied with water from
three brooks which ran through it; but in consequence of
the extension of its buildings along and over these brooks,
it began to require supply from some other quarter. A
measure, therefore, was adopted in 1236, and completed in
1255, to bring a supply, in leaden pipe.s, from Tyburn-
brook, — a stream which crossed the present line of Ox-
ford-street nearMarylebone-lane, and fell into the Thames
a little above V'auxhall-bridge. In 1253, according to
the chronicles of Evesham, 20,000 persons in the metro-
polis died of huuger from a dearth of corn; and in 1270,
according to Fleetwood, " provisions were so scarce that
parents did eat their own children," and wheat was sold
at a price equivalent to 363. a busheL The Black friars
settled in Holburn, in 1221; the Grey friars, in 1225;
the White friars, on the river, in 1241; the Augustinian
friars, in 1253; the Ci-utched friars, in 1298.
Edward I, was crowned at Westminster; massacred
280 Jews in the City, and seized their property ; restored
to the citizens the priWleges of which they had been
deprived; disafforested Middlesex forest; and finished
Westminster abbey. The citizens, in the time of Edward
II., took part with his queen and son against him, slew
the Bishop of Exeter, and seized the Tower. A fish
market was established, in 1320, at Fish wharf; and tolls
were established. La 1340, for defraying the expenses of
streets and roads. The citizens, in the time of Edward
III., obtained many important privileges; particularly
the right of hoMing courts of jail delivery for Newgate,
the right of refusing to go to war out of the City, tlie
right of appointing the mayor as .sole e.scheator within
the City, and the pei-petual right of magisterial suprem-
acy over tlie borough of Southwark. E.hvard II. also
gave to the chief magistrate the title of lord mayor;
afforded great encouragement to the trading companies
of the City; ordered the smiths and the goldsmiths to
put tlieir murks on all their chief articles of manufacture;
establislied the mint at the Tower, and erected St.
Stephen's chapeL The City sent 4 members to parlia-
ment in 1355; received the Black Prince, and his prisoner
John of France, iu 1-359; and gave entertainment, throui^li
its lord mayor, to these personages, to Edward IH.,%
David of Scotland, and to the King of C\7)rus, in 1363.
John of Fiance, as a prisoner, occupied the Savoy psiace
in the Strand; an 1 David of Scotland, also a prisoner,
was lodged in the Tower. The poet Chaucer, about the
same time, left the "Tabard Inn," in the bomugh, on
that famous pilgrimage to Canterbury, which he has im-
mortalized by liis pen. A terrible pestilence, sup^wsed
LOXDOX.
139
LONDOX.
to have come from India or China, broke out in 1349,
and is recorded to have been fatal to upwards of 50,000
persons. The general use of woollen, at the time, was
unfavourable to cleanliness; audthe practice of maintain-
ing household fires agaiust a reredos or screen, nnd of
venting the smoke through mere apertures of the roof,
Tva-s prejudicial to health. The windows also were chiefly
latticed, glass being usod in few buildings except palaces,
churches, and monastic houses ; aud the very shops, even
those in the main thoroughfares, were rather stalls and
stands than sheltered places. Another pestilence de-
vastated the City in 1369.
Eichard II., in 1377, when scarcely eleven years old,
made a triumphal progress through London, amid great
demonstrations of rejoicing; and was crowned at West-
minster. A rustic mob of about 200,000, indignant at
a poll-tax, and headed by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw,
assembled, in 1380, at Blacklieath; proceeded to London;
were joined there by another body of insurgents; worked
much damage in the City, plundering warehouses, pillag-
ing mansions, burning the Savoy palace, and liberating
the prisoners in the jails; e.xtorted from the king a pro-
mise of certain rights and liberties; and struck such
alarm into him, that he took refuge in the Tower. Their
leader, Wat Tyler, was slain by the lord mayor at Smith-
field; their forces were overpowered; and the king, when
the crisis was over, retracted the promise ho had given,
and, in commemoration of the lord mayor's zeal, added
the symbol of the dagger to the City arms. The king's
subsequent reign, however, by its extravagance and
luxuriousness, excited such strong disaffection that, on
occasion of his absence in Ireland in 1399, the people
and the nobles, headed by Henry of Lancaster, broke into
open revolt. Henry IV. was crowned, before the close
ot the same year, at Westminster ; aud an illumination
of the City, the first which had ever been done, took
place at his coronation. The Grecian emperor Palreologus
was received in 1400. Another pestUence, which carried
off about 30,000 persons, occurred in 1406. Henry IV.
was noted for persecution of the Lollards or WicklitHtes;
and Henry V., who succeeded to the throne in 1413,
followed in the same course. Sir John Oldcastle, better
known as Lord Cobham, and distinguished as a leader of
the Lollards, was condemned for alleged heresy and
treachery; got a respite of fifteen days, during which he
escaped from the Tower; but was retaken, aud eventually
burnt in St. GOcs' FieMs. In 1416, the streets were
first lighted with lanterns, one being placed at tlie door
of each house ; and, about the same time Holborn was
first paved, the new guild hall was built, and a second
illumination of the City, in celebration of the victories
of the English arms in France, took place. Sir Richard
Whittington, thrice lord mayor of London, flourished in
the reign of Henry V.; was a great benefactor to St.
Bartholomew's and Christ's hospitals; endowed certain
alms-houses near Sion college, now removed to the vi-
cinity of Ilighgate; and, at an entertainment to the king
in the Guildhall, is said to have cancelled a debt of the
Crown to him, by burning a packet of bonds for £00,000.
An iusurrectiou, headed by Jack Cade, took jilace in
1450, in the reign of Henry VI. The insurgents, to the
number of about 20,000, encamped on Blacklieath;.
marched thence, by Loudon bridge, into the City; com-
mitted many outrages, — among the rest, beheading lord-
treasurer Say and other eminent persons; but, with as-
sistance of the governor of the Tower, were confronted
and overpowered by the citizens. The wars between the
houses of Lancaster and York soon followed; and, after
the first engagement, a .solemn but abortive meeting
was held by the heads of the contending factious in St.
Paul's, to attem[it a reconciliation. The citizens chiefly
favoured the Yorkists; and, in guerdon of their jiartizan-
ship, the honour of knighthood was afterwards conferred
on tlie lord njayor, the recorder, and twelve of the alder-
men. Tho Yorkists were finally successful at the battle
of Mortimer's Cross; and II'Miry was .sent to tho Tower.
The frost was so severe in 1432 tluit heavy waggons could
travel on the ice of the Thames from London to Graves-
end. The first lord mayor's show took place in 1450.
Money began to be lent on security to government, about
that time, forming then the first small nucleus of the
national d.'bt. The tirst corn law was introduced about
the san)e period, prohibiting importation from foreign
countiies when the home price rose to Os. 8d. per quarter.
A law was in force also for regulating the apparel of each
grade of society; and the earliest historical or explicit
notice of the use of bricks in the construction of houses
in London, dates at 1460. The bricks were burnt in
Moorfields; and so rapidly did they promote building
that, as has been rather poetically said, " the houses
sprang up almost like plantations, out of the very ground
where they stood." Yet the masonry of the City was
most probably of brick in the Konian tin\es; and the
discontinuance, tor centuries, in the use of that material,
was probably due first to the deterioration and next to
the loss of the Roman art of brick-making.
A grand tournament was held at Smithfield in 1467,
in the reign of Edward IV., in honour of ambassadors
from Charles the Bold of Burgundy, to demand the king's
sister in marriage for their master. 'I'he Lancastrians
were finally overthro-wn at the battle of Tewkesbury in
1471; and Queen Margaret was then sent to the Tower. The
bastard of Falconberg, during Edward IV^'s. reign, came
up the river, with a force of 5,000 men, to London bridge;
burnt some houses there; marched on to Aldgate; was
confronted by the citizens, and driven back to St.
Botolph's church ; and was there assailed, aud utterly
routed, by the garrison of the Tower. The current coin
was changed, and considerably depreciated, in 1464; tho
first printing-press was established by William Caxton,
under the patronage of the abbot of Westminster, in
1471; the right of choosing the lord mayor aud sheritl's
was vested in the mastere, wardens, and liveries of the
several corporations in 1473; a construction of cisterns
and conduits, for supplying water in various parts of the
City and the suburbs, took place about the same time;
and another pestilence, fatal to a vast number of the
citizens, occurred in 1479. The young Edward V., whose
reign lasted only two months aud twelve day.s, in 14S3,
was committed to the Tower; and Richard III. tixik his
scat, as king at Westminster, in the same year; but he
reigned only tUI 14S5, and is notable for little else locally
than the incorporating of the Herald's college. Henry
VII., immediately after the overthrow of Richard at
Bosworth field, made a victorious entry into London, and
went straight to St. Paul's to make devout acknowledg-
ments for his accession. But he passed through tho
streets in a closed chariot, either in fear of the Yorkists,
or in dread of a pestilence wliich then prevailed in the
City. The pestilence is known as the sweating sickness;
appears to have been of a severe nondescript character;
aud carried off, in one week, two lord mayors aud six
aldermen. Henry borrowed £2,000 from the citizens,
professedly for public purposes, but appropriated it to
his own use; he extorted other sums from them by fines
and other oppressive methods; he envied them the great
wealth which they were then beginning to acquire from
regular commerce with the Ea.st and the West Indies; he
confiscated much property of the Jews, and instituted the
Star Chamber; and he, in general, practised such rapacity
as to leave, at his death, an amount of nearly £2,000,000.
His oppressions extended also to the country, and pro-
voked an insurrection so far away as Cornwall. Tlic in-
surgents proceeded toward London; were met, by a royal
force, at Deptford-bridge, and driven to Blacklieath; and,
taking post there, struck battle, and were beaten and
dispersed. Another pestilence, said to have been fatal
to 30,000 persons, devastated the city in 1499—1500 ;
and it so alarmed the king and the court that they re-
moved to Calais. TliC first lord mavor's feast was held
at tlie Guiiaiiall in 1.^02; and the king, who was himself
a member of the M.;rchaut 'J'ailors' Company, gave it
the name of the Merehaut Tailors' feast. In this reign,
Henry VII. s chapvl was errctrd, the Fleet river was
made navigable to Holborn-bridge, ITouiul.ditch was
arched over, and an archery -ground, the origin of the
artillery -ground, was formed on the urea of several gar-
dens ill Finsbury.
LONDON.
140
LONDON.
Heury V'lll. w.os crowned, in 1509, at Westminster.
The citizens, at that time, were jealous of the residence
of trading foreigners; and a portion of them soon became
so riotous against the foreigners as to necessitate the
march into the city of a body of the king's troops.
Many of the rioters were seized, and capitally aiTaigned;
the lord-mayor and the corporation themselves were im-
plicated, but sued the crown for mercy and obtained it;
and, so late as 1527, several of the citizens were disfran-
chised for malpractice with the foreigners. The Lon-
doners again, as in former reigns, ■wore required to fur-
nish money for the state's emergencies; and they were
forced, under threats of severities, to raise large sums to
Wolsey, who appropriated considerable portions to his
own use. Charles V. was received, in 1522, and lodged
at Blackfriars; and a parliament was held there in 1524.
Pestilences again ravaged the city in 1513 and 1525.
St. Paul's school was founded in 1512; the lord-mayor
began to be chosen annually in 1529; and many street
and sanitary improvements were made during Henry
VIII. 's reign. "The streets were paved andw^dened; the
new houses were of better coustraction and greater
height; nuisances were removed; and the police regula-
tions were revised and ameliorated. The first art for im-
proving the streets described them as " very foul and
full of pits and sloughs, very perilous and noxious, as
well for all the king's subjects on horseback as on foot or
with carriages;" and it made provision for the paving of
Aldgate, High-street, Shoe-lane, Fetter -lane, Grays Inn-
lane, Chancery -lane, and the way leading from Holbom-
bar toward St. Giles-in-the-Fields. The next act referred
particularly to Chiswell-street, Whitecross-street, Gold-
en-lane, Grub-street, Long-lane, St. John's-street from
Smithfield-bars to the Pound, Cowcross from Smithfield-
bars, the street from Temple-bar westwanl to Clements-
Inn-gates, the bridge called Strand -bridge, the road
thither from Temple-bar, and Foscue-lane from the Bishop
of Lichfield's garden to Strand-bridge.
The commencement of the Reformation was accom-
panied with striking local scenes, and followed by great
local changes. Sermons against popery were preached
at St. Paul's-cross ; Tindal's translation of the Bible was
publicly burned in Cheapside; persons diff'ering very
much from one another in religious belief were prosecuted
or executed for their religious opinions; and the entire
fabric of monasticisrn, with its immense temporal appur-
tenances, was overthrown. Nearly two-thirds of the
area within the city walls are computed to have been oc-
cupied at Henry Vlll.'s accession, by churches, monas-
teries, and other ecclesiastical buildings; while a vast
aggregate of dwelling-houses and gardens of bishops,
abbots, and other ecclesiastical personages, lay dispersed
throughout the suburVis. Neither the parish churches
nor the splendid establishments of St. Paul's cathedral
were much in rjuestion by the Reformation; nor were the
episcopal residences, amounting to sixteen, for Canter-
bury, York, AVinchester, Durham, Bath, Worcester,
Exeter, Lichfield, Hereford, Eh', Rochester, Salisburj',
Chester, Carlisle, St. David's, and Llandaff, much af-
fected; but all the friaries, priories, and nunneries, and
all other kinds of establishments under monastic brother-
hoods or sisterhoods, were entirely and swcepLngly af-
fected. Thi" number of these was enormous. Of friar-
ies there were Black friars, between Ludgate and the
Thames; Grey friars, near Old Newgate, aftemards
Christ's hospital ; Augustine friars, aftenvards Austin
friars, near Broad-street ; White friars, near Salisbury
square; Crouched or Crossed friars, at St. Olave's Hart-
street, near Tower-hill; Carthu.sian friars, aiterwards the
Charter-house, in Charter-house-square ; Cistertian friars,
or Now abbey, iu East Smitlifield ; and Brethren de
Sacca, or Bon Hommes, in Old .TewTy. Of priories there
were St. John of Jerusalem, in Clerkenwell ; Holy Trin-
ity, orChristcliurch, within Aldgate, on the site of Duke's
palace; St. Bartliolomew-the-Great, near Smitlifield; St.
^lary-Overies, in Southwark, near London-bridge; and
St. Saviour's, in Bermondsey. Of nunncrif-s there were
tlie ISenedictine or Black nunnery, in Clerkenwell ; St.
Helen's, in Bishopsgate-street; St. Clears, in the Minor-
ies; and Holywell, between Holpvell-lane, and Norton'
Falgate. Of monastic colleges there were St, Martins,
at St.. Martin's-lo-Grand; St. Thomas of Acres, at West-
cheap; Whittington's, in Vintry-ward; St. Michael's, in
Crooked-lane ; and Jesus Commons, in Dowgate. Of
monastic chapels, and simOar establishments, there were
St. Stephen's in Westminster; Our Lady's of the Pew,
in the Strand; St. Anne's, in Westminster; St. Esprit's,
or the Chapel of the Holy Ghost, in the Strand; Roll's
chapel, or Domus Conversonim, in Chanccr_v-lane; St.
James-in-the-Wall, chapel and hermitage, in Monkwell-
street; Mount Calvary chapel, near Goswell-street road ;
St. JMary's chapel. Pardon chapel, and two other chapels,
in St. Paxil's churchyard ; Guildhall chapel, at the
Guildhall; Coi-jms Christi, in the Poultry: St. Anthony's
chapel, with hospital and school, in Threadneedle-street;
a chapel and alms-houses in Petty France; Lady Mar-
garet's alms-houses, at the Almonry, Westminster;
Henry VIII. 's alms-houses, ne.ir the Gatehouse, in West-
minster; St. Catherine's chapel and hermitage near Char-
ing-cross; Pardon chapel, in Wilderness-row, St. John-
street; and the chapel of Oiu- Lady, in Barking. Of
hospitals, with resident brotherhoods or sisterhoods,
there were St. Giles'-in-the-Fields, near St. GUes church;
St. James', afterwards St. James palace, in Westminster;
Our Lady's of Rounceval, at the Savoy in the Strand;
Elsing Spital, afterwards Sion College, at London Wall;
Corpus Christi, in St. Lawrence Pountney; St. Papey's,
near Bevis ilarks; St. Mary Axe; Trinity, without Aid-
gate; St. Thomas', Mercer's chapel; St. Bartholomew-the-
Less, nearSniithfield: St. Giles' and Corpus Christi, with-
out Cripplegate ; St. Mar}-'s of Bethlehem, near London
wall; St. Mary Spital, without Bishopsgate; St. Kather-
ine's, below the Tower; St. Thomas', in Southwark ; and
the Lock Spital or I.azar House, in Kent -street, South-
wark. And of monastic fraternities, and similar insti-
tutions, there were St. Nicholas', in Bishopsgate-street;
St. Fabian, and St. Sebastian's, or the Holy Trinity, ill
Aldersgate-street ; St. Giles', in AMiitecrossstrect; the
Holy Trinity, in LeaJ'-nhall-street; St. Ursula-le-Strand;
the Hermitage, in Nightingale-lane, East Smitlifield;
Corpus Christi, at St. Mar}- Spital; Corpus Christi, at
St. Jlary Bethlehem; and Corpus Christi and St. JIary's,
at the Poultry,
The ordeal of suppression or of alteration which these
institutions underwent at the hands of Henry VIII.,
operated variously for the City's advantage. The indo-
lence which they had cherished gave place to activity;
many persons whom they had maintained as idlers were
turned adrift to earn a subsistence by their own exertions;
the benumbing effects which they had produced on the
popular mind were followed by the uprisings of enter-
prise; the wealth which they had long absorbed to the
uses of laziness and self-indulgence was tlirown loose for
employment in trade and commerce; and the great aggre-
gate area of ground which they had occui'ied both in the
City and in the suburbs, became available for the occu-
pancy and the business-premises of industrious men.
The entire metropolis, therefore, notwithstanding the
exactions of the state and the confusions attending the
reformational change, assumed a much more prosperous
aspect. Some check was experienced, in 1543, by a cattle
plague. 'I'his seems to have alfected more than one
species of the animals for the shambles; but it raged
particularly among homed cattle, and caused a gi'eat
dearth of meat. A snmptuar}' law, in consequence, was
passed by the lord laayor and the common council,
enacting that the lord mayor should not have more than
seven dishes either at ilinner or at supper, that the alder-
men and the sheriiis should not have more than six, tlie
sword-bearer not more than four, the tnayor's officers and
the sheriS's officers not more than three, and that none
of them after the ensuing Easter, should buy cranes,
swans, or bustards. A human epidemic prevailed in the
same year, and cut off so manj* of the citizens that the
term was adjoumfd to St. Albans.
Edward VI. v.-a3 crowned at Westminster in 1547.
The chief local events of his reign were the relaxing of
religious persecution, the comparative eni|itines.s of tho
LONDON.
141
LONDON.
Fleet ii'.'isoii ami tlie Tower, the convertiu;; of the pnlace
of Briaowell into an hosiiital, the re-founding of Christ's
hospital, the re-erection of the hospitals of St. Thomas
and St. Bartholomew, the proceedings and fate of Pro-
tector Somerset, and the outbreak of two more pesti-
lences. Protector Somerset pulled down two churches
and three episcopal residences in the Strand, and a
chapel in St. Paul's churchyard; u.sed their materials
for erecting a palace on the site of the present Somerset
House in the Sti-ind; appropriated to himself a large
amount of the proceeds of the suppressed monastic houses;
abstracted from the Guildhall library three cart-loads of
valuable books and manuscripts ; and was eventually
driven to the Tower and to the scaffold. One of the two
pestilences raged in 1543, and caiTied off large numbers
of persons; and the other raged in 1551, and, like that
of 14S5, was called the sweating sickness. An act_ of
parliament was passed in 1553, prohibiting the taking
of interest for lent money, protecting native traders by
impost of certain disabilities on the Hanse merchants,
and limiting the number of taverns in Westminster to
three, and in the City and its liberties to forty.
Lady Jane Grey, the good and loveable, made her brief
and tragic appearance in the City in 1553. JIary, the
bloody, immediately followed; was received with great
demonstrations of rejoicing; and soon proceeded to rack
the City with distraction, and to stain it with gore. Kid-
ley, Cranmer, and other great and good men were sent
to the Tower; and great numbers of Protestants were
burnt in Smithfield. Sir Thomas "Wyatt, in 1554, made
nn insurrectionary effort against ilary; marched with an
insurgent force through Knightsbridge, along what is
now PiccadiU}-, and down the Strand, to Ludgate; was
there encountered and captured; and was sent to the
Tower and executed. IMarj' oppressed the citizens by
forced loans ; compelled them to become security for
i:30,000 which she had borrowed at Antwerp; exacted
from them £60,000, in aid of her alliance with Spain
against France; took from them a bribe of £50,000, to
prohibit foreign merchants from exporting English cloth,
and altogether, during her short reign of five years,
worked vast damage to the City's happiness and pros-
perity.
Elizabeth's accession was hailed with surpa-ssing joy.
A magnificent progi-ess from the Tower to Westminster
preceded her coronation; an immense display of exultant
devices was exhibited along all the line of route; a purse
of 1,000 marks of gold was presented to her, at the
Standard in Cheapside, as a token of the City's respect
and love; Ixmtires, in the evening, blazed in all direc-
tions; and a thrill of confidence ran through the whole
community, that the period of depression, sufl'ering, and
terror was at an end. Her long reign did much to jus-
tify the people's rejoicing and confidence. It was marred
indeed, in the City, by what Pennant, with allusion
particularly to tilts and tournaments, calls its "romantic
fooleries;" it also had its shocks for the citizens, in some
adverse public occurrences, especially during the dread
of the Armada; but, on the whole, it redeemed the pro-
mise practically given at its commencement, that the
City should enjoy a current of prosperity. The refugees
horn the Netherlands, under protection by the govern-
ment, introduced numerous manufactures which were
new to England; and the native merchants were enabled
very greatly to extend and ramify the City's trade and
commerce. The Itoyal Exchange was opened by the
queen in 1556; Westminster school was founded in 1560;
the Merchant Tailors' school was founded in 1501; and
a charter to the East India Company was granted in
ICOO. Other events, of more doubtful character, were
the instituting of tiie first lotterj- in 1509, the erection
of the first tre.-idiuill in 1570, and the opening of the
first theatre in 1576. .V great ]ie-tilencc also broke out
in 1563, and carrii'd oil aliout "0,000 persons; another
occurred iu 1509, and was so violent as to occasion the
adjournment of the Michaelmas term to that of liilaiy;
a les-er one occnred in 1571; and two others, with fatal
results to respectively 7,000 and 11,000 per.-,ou3, occurred
iu 15S2 and 1592.
A proclamation was issued in 15S0, prohibiting the
erection of new buildinn;s within three miles of the City
gates. The invigorated spirit of the people had been
giviu" rise to comparatively rapid street-extension; and
a fear was entertained that there might not be space
enough left in the suburbs for public recreation and
sport's. A view of the extent of London at that time is
interesting, not only for showing what reason there was
or was not for the prohibition, but also for sake of com-
parison with the present extent of the metropolis; and
that view is proximately attainable from a very curious
plan, entitled " Ci vitas Londinuni," made soon after the
accession of Elizabeth, and stUl extant. The most com-
pact or crowded parts, then as since, extended from
Newgate-street, Cheapside, and Coruhill to the Thames.
The space immediately N and NE of these parts, except-
ing Coleman-street, and a few scattered buildings from
Lothbury to Bishopsgate, and from Bishopsgate to the
Tower, was all open or garden ground. Goodman's-
fields were only enclosed pasture lauds, and very few
buildings were E of the Tower. Whitechapcl consisted
of only a few houses ; and Houndsditch contained but
one row of houses opposite the City walls, and along the
edge of open fields. Spitalfields, from the back of tho
church, lay entirely open. A tolerable street went from
Bishops^ate-Without to Shoreditch church; but even
that had unoccupied gaps. The space westward from
Bishopsgate to Moorfields and Finsbury was nearly all
unedinced. A few houses stood between the upper end
of Chis well-street and Whitecross-street; but what is
now Goswell-street was called the road to St. Albans.
Clerkenwell, with the exception of Cowcross and part of
St. John-street, was occupied chiefly by its monastery
and church. 'The space from the back of Cowcross to
Gray's-inn lane, which extended a very little waj from
Gray's inn, was either unoccupied, or laid out in pasture
or gardens. The thorouglifare from Holborn-bri'lge to
Red Lion-street was eiiificed on both sides; but thence
to the village of St. Giles, was either an open road, or
bounded on one side b}- a garden wall. The village of St.
Giles consisted of a small cluster of houses on the right
of the road; and was therefore called, as the parish is
sriU called, St. Giles-in-the-Fields. All the tract to the
N and the W of this was open country. Oxford-street
was a rural road, with trees and hedges on both sides.
A road, called the Way, leading in from Heading, went
from O.xford-street, through Iledge-lane and llaymarket,
to St. James' hosjiital, aftenvards St. James' palace.
Hedge-lane and H.ivmarket were avenues entirely desti-
tute of houses. I'all 3IaU had nothing more than a few
small buiklings on the site of Carlton House. Leicester-
square was all open fields. St. JIartin's-lane had only
a few buildings above the church, toward Covent-garden.
Covcnt-garden was literally a garden, and extended to
Drury-lane. Long-Acre, Seven Dials, and Dniry-lane,
as far as to the top of Wych-street, were quite open.
The Strand was edificed principally with mansions of
the nobility and the bishops. The space between the
Strand and the Thames was occupied by gardens attached
to these mansions; and the names of the present streets
there, Anindel-street, Norf jlk-street, Surrey -street, Ce-
cil-street, Salisbury-street, Buckingham-street, Villiers-
street, and others, were taken fron; the several mansions
or gardens. Spring-gardens were literally gardens with
springs, and extended to the roj-al cockpit and tilt-yard,
afterwards occupied by the Treasury, and opposite which
stood the palace of 'Uliitehall. 'ihe space from King-
street to the Abbey, and that from AVhitehall to Palace-
yard, were couipaeth- edificed. A plot near the present
Abingdon-street, and another on the .shore opposite
Lambeth palace, had each .some houses. The shore-
space, on the SuiTey side, from Lambeth palace to a
point opposite White-friars, had only six or seven
houses. The tract thence to AVinchester-hou-e, in
Southwark, had a line of houses with attached gardens.
A theatre with gardens, known as Paris-gavden, occupied
the site of the present Christchurch. Circular build-
ings, appropriated to bull and bear baiting, oftrn wit-
nessed by Elizabeth, stood opposite Queenhithe. ScutK-
LONDON.
LONDON.
wark extended but a little way down the Higli-street.
London-bridge was crowded with buildings. The line
along Tooley-street to Horsley-down was much edificed ;
but the tract beyond had only a few houses with g-irdens.
Another pestilence appeared in 1603, the ye;ir of the
succession of James L, and cut otf 30,573 person?. Yet
the commerce of the City was then in so highly riourish-
ing a condition that the citizens were able to contribute
to the fleet sent against the Armada 16 ships fully equip-
ped, and carrying 10,000 men. The year 1604 was me-
morable for the gunpowder plot. The City tov'k part,
in 1609-19, in the colonizing of Londonderry; and it
■was supplied with water by Middleton's formation of the
New River, in 1613-20. The sides of the streets began
to be paved with flags, instead of pebbles, in 1616. An-
other proclamation against tlie further street-extension
was issued in 1618, occasioned by disregard of the pre-
vious proclamation; but it also was disregarded: for not
only did the metropolis continue rapidly to extend, but
toward the end of James L 's reign, it began to acquire
the graces of architecture which were so richly imparted
to it bj' Wren and his associates. The first newspaper,
at least the first which has been strictly authenticated,
appeared in 1622 ; and the first hackney coach appeared
in 1634. Charles 1. arrived on horseback in 1625; and
the lord mayor and aldermen repaired to Ludgate to re-
ceive and proclaim him. Another pestilence broke out
in that year, and carried off 35,470 persons; and again
another appeared in 1635, and carried otf 10, -400 per-
sons. Great confusion, with the effect of embarrassing
trade, suspending City-extension, and arresting the pro-
gress of the arts and sciences, prevailed during the civil
war. The citizens early took the side of the parliament;
accepted the solemn league and covenant in 1643; and
entertained the houses of parliament in 1644-5. Charles
L was beheaded at Whitehall in 1649. St. Paul's Ca-
thedral was used as a stable for some of the cavalry re-
giments of the Commonwealth; and the crosses in Cheap-
side and Charing, as also man}' fine statues and decora-
tions in the churches, were destroyed by the Puritans.
The Koyal Society was founded in 1650; and the City
goldsmiths, about the same time, received dcj'osits of
money from the citizens, allowed interest upon them,
and thus established banking-houses. Cromwell v.'as
feasted at the Guildhall in 1651. The Jews, in 1655,
offered Cromwell a large sum of money for permission to
trade in England; and many of them settled in London,
and opened next year a synagogue. A thorough revival
of general prosperity occurred under Cromwell's admin-
istration, and produced a large amount of City-extension.
Charles II., at his restoration, came to London from
Blackheath, was received with immense demonstrations
of rejoicing, made a progress from London-bridge to
Whitehall, and was gorgeously banquettedin St. George's
Fields. The old streets till then were mostly very nar-
row and close, their houses projecting in the upper sto-
ries so far as almost to overarcli the thoroughfares; but
many of them, about that time, were widened, paved,
and otherwise improved; and such new ones as Great
Queen-street, Bow-street, Lincohis-Inn-fields, Lrng-Acrc,
Coveut-garden, St. James'-street, Pall-.Mall, Pi.cadilly,
and many others, either had been built, or were .'.pproacli-
iug completion. Tlie City was first supplied with tea,
by the East India Company, about the time of Charles'
restoration. A pestilence, known as the gre.i: plague,
commenced in December 1664; did not entirely cease
till January 1666; carried off about 4,000 persons iu one
night, about 12,000 in one week, and 63,596 daring its
entire prevalence; raised the number of deaths, together
with those from other di-seases, in the year 1665 to
97,306; and caused such auful desolation that the streets
were deserted, most of the houses were shut up, some
thoroughfares wliich had been busy with tnric were
overgrown with gniss, pest-carts went ro\md a: certain
hour.s, with the cry "bring out 3-our dead;" and, for
lack of sufficient burying-ground, largj jiits were dug
for tlio rei-eption of the corpses. Anotlier calamity,
seeming to be a dispensation of Providence to cure one
evil by another, was a tenific- conflagration, known as
the great fire. This began on 2 Sept., 1666, at the house
of a baker in Pudding-lane, adjaceut to the site of the
Monument afterwards erected to commemorate it; spread
as far west as to Pye-corner near Holborn-bridge; raged
continuously during four days and four nights; consumed
about three-fourths of the City within the walls, and
about one fifth as much without the walls; laid waste a
densely edificed oblong space of upwards of a mile in
length and half a mile in breadth, or an area of upwards
of 436 acres; destroyed the Guildhall, the P>oyal Ex-
change, 52 corporation halls, 4 City gates, St" Paul's
Cathedral, 85 churches and chapels, and 13,200 out of
65,000 houses; and was computed to involve a loss of
not less than £10,000,000's worth of property.
The desolated portions of the City were rebuilt with
astonishing celerity, and in a style of mai^onr)- or of
architecture far superior to that of the buildings which
had perished; but, unhappily, the old lines of the streets
were, in maiu degree, preserved, and even the narrowness
of them was, iu a considerable degree, resumed; St.
Paid's cathedral, which had been in a transition state of
architecture, was immediately re-founded in a new style;
a multitude of new churches, with domes, towei-s, and
spires, and in styles beautified and diversified by the
fertile genius of Wren, took the place of those which had
been destroyed; the Royal Exchange was rebuilt; St.
James' Park was planted with trees; and an entirely new
face was given to both the City and tlie suburbs. Yet,
under the force of prejudice, a noble plan prepared by
Wren for the reconstruction of the City was ignored or
laid aside, and an act was passes!, in 1674, imposing
severe pen.alties on the erection of houses on new foim-
dations. The general coumiunity, in rebound from the
calamities which had passed, and in reaction from the
repressive social usages of the limes of the Common-
wealth, and under inHuence of the ixample of the royal
court, passed speedUy into frivolity and vice. Bull-
baiting and acrobatic sports were chief amusements; the
theatres, which had all been suppressed, were re-opened;
women were, for the first time, allowed to appear on the
boards as actresses; and gambling and debauchery became
prevalent and unblushing. A disbanded otticercalleil Blood,
carried off the crown jewels from the Tower in 1671; pro-
secutions, under the false testimony of Titus Gates and
his associates, commenced in 167S; much excitement and
many executions immediately followed; the famous Kya
House plot occurred in 1CS3 ; and Lord William Russell,
for alleged comjdicity iu that plot, was executed in
Lincoln s-Inn-Fields. The penny post, for the mctro-
poli.s, was established and a post-master-general appointed
in 1683. The Thames was so deeply frozen in Jan. and
Feb. 1684 that streets of booths were erected on it; and
all kinds of trades and amusements were carried on there
for nine weeks. Cranbourue-street was erected about
1680; Coventry -street, about 16S2; Southampton-square,
afterwards called Bloomsbury-s<[uare, about the same
period; and the last was shown to foreign princes visit-
ing London as one of the wonders of EnglauL Soho-
squarc also was built about that time, and, what seems
curious to the present generation, was likewise a subject
of pride to the citizens. During Charles IPs. reign
also, insurance offices were established, and Chelsea hos-
pital anil Greenwich observatory were founded. Charles
II. was buried at Westminster, and James 11. crowned
there, iu 1685.
The comparative importance and splendour of London,
about that time, had become very great. The p^quilation
is computed to have been about 530,000; and, though
that does not seem much as compared with the popula-
ation now, it was more than seventeen times ths popula-
tion of Bristol, which was then the largest town in
England except London. The families of nobles, pre-
lates, and wealthy commoners formed no iin'on^iderable
jiortion of the poiiulation; and they rrsided chiefly in
fine new suburbs, situated in the tracts between the City
and the present fasliionable We;t end. The lord mayor
never appeare<l in public without his riili robe, his hood
of black velvet, his gold chain, and a large attendance of
harbingers and guards; and on great ocoasi'Uis he rod«
LONDON.
143
LONDON.
on horscb;ick, accompanied by a magnificent cavalcade,
second in pomp and pageantry only to that which ac-
companied the sovereign, on his coronation diiy, from the
Tower to M'estniinster. The trainbandf^, or City militia,
comprised twelve regiments of foot and two of liorse,
officered by councillors and aldermen; were umh^r the
orders of a commission of eminent citizens; possessed
the prestige of liaving contributed much, or even mainly,
to both the overthrow of Charles L and the restoration of
Charles II. ; and were able to cope with all other military
force in the kingdom. The merchants, or upper cla-ss of
citizens, were much more intelligent than the same class
in Bristol or elsewhere ; they looked with pride on the
Citv ; and thej' felt solicitude for her liberties, ambition
to enjoy her honours, and determination to maintain and
enforce her claims to respect. The aggregate trade,
though stoall compared to what it is now, bore a much
greater proportion to the trade of the entire kingdom
th;m it does now; and the money at command of the
traders was so ample and ready that a government en-
joying their confidence could obtain from them as large
a supply in one day as it could have got from all the rest
of the kingdom in months. Yet the social and sanitary-
condition of London then, as compared with what it
ought to have been, or with what it afterwards became,
was astonishingly low.
" "We should' greatly err," remarks Lord Macauley, " if
we were to suppose that any of the streets and squares
then bore the same aspect as at present. The great
majority of the houses, indeed, have since that time been
wholly, or in great part, rebuilt. If the most fashion-
able parts of the capital could be placed before us, such
as they then were, we should be disgusted by their
squalid appearance, and poisoned by their noisome at-
mosphere. In Covent-garden a filthy and noisy market
was held close to the dwellings of the great. Fruit
women screamed, carters fought, cabbage stalks and
rotten apples accumulated in heaps, at the thresholds of
the Countess of Berkshire and of the Bishop of Durham.
The centre of Lincoln's-Inn-Fields was an open spate
where the rabble congregated every evening, within a few
yards of Cardigan House and Winchester House, to hear
mountebanks harangue, to see bears dance, and to set dogs
at oxen. Rubbish was shot in every part of the area.
Horses were exercised there. The beggars were as noisy
and importunate as in the worst governed cities of the
Continent. A Lincoln's Inn mumper was a proverb.
Tiie whole fraternity knew the arms and liveries of every
charitably disposed grandee in the nciglibourhooil, and,
as .soon as his lordship's coach and six api>earcd, came
hopping and crawling in crowds to persecute him. These
disorders lasted, in spite of many accidents and of some
legal proceedings, till, in the reign of George II., Sir
Joseph Jekyll, .Master of the Rolls, was knocked down
and nearly killed in the middle of the square. Tlien at
length palisades were set up, and a pleasant garden laid
out. — St. Jaraes'-square was a receptacle for all the otfal
and cinders, for all the dead cats and dead dogs, of West-
minster. At one time a cu'lgel player kept the ring
there. At another time an impudent squatter settled
himself there, and built a shed for rubbish under the
windows of the guilded saloons in which the first magnates
of the realm, Norfolks, Onnouds, Rents, and Pembrokes,
gave banquets and balls. It was not till these nuisances
had lasted through a whole generation, and till much had
been written about them, that the inhabitants applied to
parliament for permission to put up rails, and to jilant
trees. When such was the state of the quarter inhabited by
the most luxurious portion of societ}', we may easily be-
li've that the great body of the population sutfercd what
would now be considered as insui)portabl'i grievances.
The pavement was detestable; all foreigners cried shame
■upon it. The drainage was so bad that, in rainy weather,
the gutters soon became torrents. Several facetious
poets have coiunuinoratcd the fury with which these
bhick rivulets roand down Snow-hill and I.tidgatc hill,
bearing to Fleet ditch a vast tribute of animal and vege-
table tilth friiu the .stalU of butchers and of green grocers.
'I'iie tlood was profusely thrown to right and h'ft by
coaches and carts. To keep as far from the carriago-road
as possible was, therefore, the wish of every ]'edestrian.
The mild and timid gave the w.all; the bold and athletic
took it. If two roisterers met, they cocked tlieir hats in
each other's faces, and pushed each other al'.Mit till the
weaker was shoved towards the kennel. If he was •■»
mere bully, he sneaked off, muttering tliat he should
find a time; if he was pugnacious, the encounter pro'oa-
bly ended in a duel behind Jlontaguc House.— The
houses were not numbered. There would, indeed, have
been little adv.antage in numbering them; for of the
coachmen, chairmen, porters, and errand-boys of London,
a very small proportion could read. It was necessary to
use marks which the most ignorant could understand.
The shops were, therefore, distinguished by painted signs,
which gave a g;\y and grotesque aspect to the streets.
The walk from Charing-cross to Whitechapel lay through
an endless succession of Saracens Heads, Koyal Oaks,
Blue Bears, and Golden Lambs, which disappeared when
they were no longer required for the direction of com-
mon people. Wlien the evening closed in, the difficulty
and danger of walking about London became serious in-
deed, i'he garret windows were opened, and pails were
emptied, with little regard to those who were passing be-
low. Falls, bruises, and broken bones were of constant
occurrence; for, till the last year of the reign of Charles
II., most of the streets were left in profound darkness.
Thieves and robbers plied their trade with inipimity; yet
they were hardly so terrible to peaceable citizens as an-
other class of rulSans. It was a favourite amusement of
dissolute young gentlemen to swagger by night about the
town, breaking windows, upsetting sedans, beating quiet
men, and offering rude caresses to pretty women. Several
dynasties of these tjTants had, since the Pestoration,
domineered over the streets. The Jluns and Tityre had
given place to the Hectors, and the Hectors had been re-
cently succeeded by the Scourers. At a later period
arose the Nicker, the Hawcubite, and the yet more
dreaded name of ilohawk. The machinery for keeping
the y)eace was utterly contemptible. There was an act
of the Common council which provided that more than a
thousand watchmen should be constantly on the alert in
the City, from sunset to sunrise, and that every inhabit-
ant should take his turn of duty; hut the act was negli-
gently executed. Few of those who were summoned left
their homes; and those few generally found it more agree-
able to tipple in the .alehouses than to fu^e the streets."
In 16S5-7, numerous French Protestants, driven from
their homes by the revocation of the edict of Nantes, set-
tled in London; and some of them introduced the manu-
facture of silk, and peopled Spitalfields; while others,
who were ornamental jewellers and goldsmiths, estab.
li.shed themselves in Long Acre, Seven Dials, and Soho-
In 1635, the Duke of ;Monniouth was beheaded on Tower
hill, and Titus Oates was flogged through the streets, and
pilloried at Westminster-IIall gate, Charing-cross, the
Temple, the Pioyal Exchange, and Tyburn. In 1607
various places which had been political sanctuaries —
three in Fleet-street, two in Holborn, one in tlie Minories,
one in the Strand, and some others — and which had be-
come the haunts of vice and the refuge of the mo.st aban-
doned characters, were deprived of their j^rivilege of
sanctuary. The proceedings of James and his ministers,
the systematic elforts to inti'oduce Roman Citholicity,
the imprisonment of the seven Protestant bishops in the
Tower, the reports of the terrific cnu'lties of Jeli're3"s and
Kirke in the West, and the general a.spec:.s of James'
reign, caused great distraction in the City. James at
length resolved on fliglit; embarked, on the night of 10
Dec. 1638, at Whitehall Stairs; and threw t!.e great seui
into the 'I'liames. No-I'opery riots broke out afier his
departure, and jiroduced some destruction ' f property.
William and Mary were crowneil, in 16S9, at Wi-s:minstet ;
and they dined, in the same year, with tlie h.ril mayor, at
the Guildliall. A new coinage, in consequei; -e of the old
one having bccoii;'' very much depreriatrd, w.'is ordered in
16'.»"; and was issued by Sir Isaac Newton, wlio was then
muster of tb.e Mint. The qc-m died on 2i Dec. lUOl;
and William tli'iioc till his dealli ruled as" sale mouai'ob
LONDON.
144
LONDON .
A fire occunod, in 1693, at AVTiitehall, aud burnt it all
down except the L.mquetting house. Peter the Great,
Czar of Russia, came to England in the same year, lodged
at Deptford, worked there as a ship's carpenter, and, at
his departure, was presented, by tlie king, with a yacht,
and gave the king, in return, a ruby valued at £10,000,
which is now in the imperial crown. There were, in
William and JIary's reign, 900 hackney coaches and 200
sedan chairs in Loudon; and, during the reign, various
acts were passed for the regidation of these and of street
traffic, for completing and adorning St. Paxil's cathedral
and Westminster abbe}', and for conserving what has been
called the Cottonian library, then lodged at Cotton
House in "Westminster, and now lodged in the British
museum.
WQliam III. died on 7 llarch, 1702, at KeusLugton
palace, aud was buried at Westminster. Anne, who
had been bom at St. James' palace, was crowned in
April ; and her accession was haUed with joy by all
classes of the citizens. A terrible storm raged during
the night of 29 Nov. 1703; destroyed property to the
value of about £2,000,000 in the City; drove the ships
from their moorings in the river; 'and occasioned the
maiming or death of upwards of 2, 000 persons. A theatre
was opened in Hajinarket, in 1705, by Vanbrugh aud
Cibber. A commotion arose in 1709-10 from the preach-
ing of a violent sermon, by Dr. Sacheverel, in St. Paul's
cathedi-al, before the lord mayor and the corporation;
led to his impeachment and trial before the House of
Lords; was substantially a revival of the old contest be-
tween the Hi^h Church part}- and the Puritans ; was at-
tended Nvith the destruction of several dissenting chapels
and many private dwellings dui'ing the period of his
trial; and issued, in his suspension for three years from
the office of preaching, and in the burning of his sermons
by the hangman in front of the Koyal Exchange. An
act was passed in 1711 for building 50 new churches in
London; aud provided for the cost of them by a tax,
during. eight 3'ears, on all coals brought into the river.
The General Post -Office was e>tablished in the same
year; and St. Paul's catliedral was completed about the
same time. The first Italian opera ever performed in
England, was given, toward the end of 1711, at the
theatre in Haymarket. The ships belonging to London,
in 1712, were 500, of aggregately 85,000 tons; but the
quantity of coals brought into the port, in that year, was
only a little above 225,000 tons. The reign of Anne,
which terminated at her death in 1714, was marked b}-
much extension of the metropolis, bj' the general lighting
of the streets at night, by great improvements in police,
by extensive frequenting of clubs and coffee-houses, and
by material improvement in the general con'iition of
society.
George I. made his public entry iuto London in 1714.
The Earl of Oxford, for treason against him, was soon
sent to the Tower; an immense crowd of sjinpathizers
accompanied him on his way tliither; repeated tumults
arose, during one of which William III. was burat in
effigy at Smithfield; and the bill, known as the Riot
Act, was passed. JIuch e.xcitement prevailed in con-
nexion with the rebelliiin of 1715; and Lords Derwent-
water and Kenmuir were executed on Tower-hiU. A fire
m Thames-street destroyed 120 houses, aud occasioned
tlie death of 50 persons, in 1715. The South Sea enter-
prize took place iu 1720; occasioned much csoitement
and confusion in the City; threw such throngs of specu-
lators upon the olliccs, that clerks' tables required to be
placed in the streets for the transaction of their business;
and produced so great disaster that thousands of families
were brought to beggaiy, and the entire kingdom tlireat-
ened with bankruptcy. Guy's hospital was founded in
1721, by John Guy, a bookseller in Cornhill. The Chel-
sea water-company, for allbrding better supplies of water
to Westminster and the Western suburbs, was fonned
iu 1722. George II. came to tlie throne in 1727. Only
one bridge tlien spanned the Tlianios at the metropolis;
aud that was a structure of irregidar arches, surmounted
by piles of mean and ricketty houses, and often made
hoi riblc with .scores of mouldering heads. But in George
II. 's reign, that bridge was cleared of its encumbranoes,
aud two others, Westminster bridge and Blackfriara
bridge, were founded, — tlie former in 1730, the latter in
1760. Meet-ditch also was arched over; Fleet-market
was formed upon part of the arching; Grosveiior-square
and Great George-street were built ; the new road from
Paddington to Islington, and several other new roads
Were laid out; and several new parishes, as St. George-
Bloomsbury, St. Anne-Limehoube, and St. Paul, Dept-
ford, were formed. The Wesleyan Jlethodists began
their career in the same reign; and occupied the Foundry
in Moorfields, as their first chapel, iu 1739. Tiie mini-
ber of houses in the metropolis, or within the bills of
mortality, in 1739, was 95,965; and the number of
streets was 5,099. The first circulating library in Lon-
don was formed, in the Strand, in 1740. The rebellion
of 1745 produced some excitement in the City; seventeen
persons were executed, on Kensington Common, for par-
ticipating in it; and Lords Kilmarnock, Balmerino, and
Lovat were executed on Tower-hill. The government's
purchase of Sir Hans Sloane's collections, which led to
the founding of the British museum, was made in 1753.
George III. was crowned at Westminster in 1761. The
peace of Paris, >vhich followed his accession, gave mudi
stimulus to tlie improvement of the metropolis; the agi-
tation created by Wilkes, the complaints of the Spital-
field weavei'S, ami the war with America, gave a tem jjorary
check to extension ; and the public events and influences
of the rest of the reign were attended by a vast aggregate
of aggrandizing change and enlargement. Three of the
City gates — LuJgate, Aldgate, and Cripplegate — were re-
moved and sold at the commencement of the reign; the
building of Blackfriars bridge, and of the streets leading
from it, went steadily forward; the large signs susi)endi'd
over the streets from most of the houses, darkening the
thoroughfares aud obstructing a free circulation of air,
begem to be removed in 1762; commissioners for super-
intending and regulating the stands of hackney coache.-;,
and for paving, lighting, cleaning, and watching the
streets, were a]jpointed in 1765; the houses were num-
bered; the names of the streets were marked at the cor-
ners; flagged pavements, for footpaths, wt-re laid down;
the kennels were removed from tne middle of the streets
to the sides; further measures were adopted, or new com-
panies formed, for the supply of water; and, in ISO", gas-
light was introduced by commencing the use of it in Pall-
JlaU and Bishojisgate. According to an estimate made
in December 17S5, there were then, in and near the City,
100 alms-houses, 20 hospitals and infirmaries, 3 colleges,
10 public prisons, 15 flesh -markets, 1 cattle-market, 2
vegetable-markets, 23 other markets, for variously corn,
coals, hay, and other commodities, 1 5 inns of court, 49
halls for companies, 8 public or free schools, 131 charity
schools, 207 inns, 447 taverns, 551 coffee-houses, 5,975
ale-houses, 1,000 hackney coaches, 400 hackney chairs,
27 public squares, and 7,000 streets, lanes, courts, and
alleys. The first balloon ascent was made by LunarJi,
from the Artillery ground, in 1784; the fiisc canal af-
fecting the metropolis, the Paddington canal, was opened
in 1801; the first docks, the West India cues, were
opened in 1802; the fii-st printiug of newsjiapers by
steam, that of the Times, took pilace in 1S14; the first
steamer on the Thames, the Comet from Glasgow, ap
peared in 1816; and the first ca". s came into use in 1820.
Large extensions of the metrojioiis, including Finsbnry-
square, Betlford - square, Piuss-ill- square, Brunswick -
square, numerous streets in the vicinity of these squares
and in other places, and numerous erections on the
Surrey side of the river, were mjile during George III.'.s
reign ; and th-; Royal Acadc-mv of llusic, the Royal
Academy of Arts, the Royal Institution, the Societ}- of
Antiquaries, the Royal College of Surgeons, and many
other literary and scientific institutions, were founded.
George III. returned thanks at St. Paul's, in 1761, for
his accession; in 17S9, for his recover}" from illness; and
in 1797, for Howe's, St. Vincent's, and Diin.-an's vic-
tories. The Prince Regent returned thanks there also,
in 1814, for the pacification of Europe. Lord George
Gordon's No-Popery riots broke out in Juuf 1731- bunit
LONDON.
1-4.';
LONDON.
dosTi many hoi:s#s; broke up the prisons of King's
Besch, FIret, New Bri'l'^wfU, aud Iscwgate; made an
arjck on the B.ink of England; and necessitated tlie
f'.rniing of a camp in St. James' p.irk for the mainten-
an;e of public tran']uilIitT. The famous trial of \Vam-n
Hi.^tiDi;3 took place at Westminster hall in 17S8; the
Thinjes was frozen over in 1807, and again in 1S14;
f-r^aoer Perceval, the prime minister, wm assassinated
in rh-' Ilonse of Commons' lobby in 1812; and Louis
XVTII., the Kniperor Alexander, and the King of Prussia
vi_--::eJ th^- Citj- in 1S14.
G-r-.Tge IV. tame to the throne in 1S20. lie had al-
Tiziy, frr.n the time of his becoming regent in lSr3,
jc: his mark on the extension of the metropolis, par-
ticularly in the Regent's Park, Kegent's-street, and
PoTiLaad-place, ani numerous arrays of aristocratic
mansons; and his reign was characterized by a con-
tisr^nce and rapid increase of similar extension. The
kinz himself took a strong interest in improving and
T-eaiiTifying the "West End ; Carlton House was demo-
lL:be>i ; St. James Palace was relinquished as a royal
rerfdrnce; Enckinynara House was taken down, to give
place to Buckingham Palace; and a broad comnicnce-
niest was made of that migration of the higher classes
to the West, which has continued till the present time.
N^ew London briilge was founded in 1825; the New
General Post-Offic'^ was completed in 1829; and the
merropolitan p<ilice act was passed, and omnibuses first
begas. to nn, in the same year. The appearance of
Queen Caroline, at the commencement of George IV. 's
reign, to cbim her queenly rights, and her trial upon
char^ brnnght against her, threw London society, for
£012; montLs, into a ferment. The Cato-street conspir-
acy slso, v/Iiich was a plot to assassinate the king's
ministers at a cabinet dinner, produced a great sensation;
acd i: brought five of the principal actors in it to the
sca5"::d. A commercial crisis occurred in 1825, and pro-
dcc'^i^mnch disaster in the City.
AVi_jiam IV. succeeded to the throne in 1830, and was
cr'jime-l at Westminster in lS-31. New London-bridge
was cr-ened, in the latter year, by the King and Quoen,
amii great nrjoicings. The discussions connected with
the jassing of the Kcform Bill in 1832 produced vast ex-
citer; int in the City: during which a ran was made upon
the Bank of England, and a mob assembled round Apolcy
Houi*. the r.-sideace of the Duke of Wellington, and
broke his windows. The cholera appeared in London in
the s.inie year, and created great havoc aud distress
amcng all classes. The old houses of parliament were
destroyed by fire in 1S34; but the new ones were not
fortcdrd tUl 1540. The first of the new cemeteries, that
cf Kensal-Green, wa-s opened in 1832; and the first of
the L-:ndon railway's, that to Greenwich, was opened in
Isi'j. The extensions and improvements of the metro-
j>c.lis, which had already become so gi-eat and distinguished,
were •.-arried -j-igorously forward during the reign of
A\ iiiizm IV.; and man}- scientific, literarj', and educa-
ticTji". instimtions, such as the London University, the
AitT-.Lomicil Society, the Royal Geo<jraphical Society,
the Koyal Societj' of Literature, the National Gallery,
the Eyyal Institurion of British Architects, the British
Assoi-iation for the Advancement of Science, the Statis-
tical .Society, and various Mechanics' Institutes, were
established.
Qpe*n Victoria came to the throne in 1837. The ex-
tension of the metropolis from that time till the present
has l-?en more rajiid than ever, more characterized by
<livcr?:tT of character, more attended by demolitions aud
reconi-rructions, more marked by adajitations to the
•wants and tastes t.f the age, and more pervaded, within
certain limits, byam>iitious aim at ornamentation or dis-
play. So many as 01,053 houses, extending along an
p.ggr-gate of 200 miles of .streets, were built between
li3& and 1S50; and so many as about C,400, extending
along an aggregate of 20 milc-i of streets, are computed
to hsve been built on the average of every year sini:e
lS-v>. What the characters of the new extensions arc,
and wh'it the circum stances of demolition and re-construc-
tior;, will be shown in our subsequent section on the
structure of l.iondon. Considerable local agitation, aris-
ing from the proceedings of the chartists, occuiTod in
1830. Some commercial distress, rosidting from the
edects of a series of badly-productive harvests, occurred
in 1842. The railway mania and the repeal of the corn
laws made strong impression on London in 1S46. Some
disturbances, arising from the sympathy of chartists with
the expulsion of Louis Philippe from the throne of France,
took place in 1848; and announcement that a vast body
of chartists should meet on Kenuington Common, and
march in procession tlirough the City, caused gr&it
alarm. So many as 200,000 citizens were sworn in as
special constables to preserve the peace; the entire police
force was told off in the best manner of its excellent
organization; and great militaiy preparations, both of a
defensive kind, and in the way of posting bdiies of
troops in reserve, were made by the government; and
these preparations so completely cowed the chartists, that
the entire assemblage of them on Kennington Common
did not amount to a tenth part of the number of the
special constables, aud of course had neither strength nor
spirit to attempt any breach of the peace. Sir "Robert
Peel died in 1850, in consequence of a fall from his horse
in Hyde Park. JIuch excitement was created toward
the end of that year by an act of the Pope, dividing
England into Episcopal sees, and making Canlinal Wise-
man " Archbishop of Westminster; " but it was quieted,
early in tlie next year, by the passing of a bill in parlia-
ment "to prevent the assumption of certain ecclesiastical
titles from places in the United Kingdom. " The great
exhibition in Hyde Park was a striking event of 1S.">1,
and brought an immense concourse of strangers to the
metropolis. The Duke of Wellington died in 1S52; and
his obsequies were performed with great magnificence, by
a lying-in-slate at Chelsea, and by a public funeral pro-
cession through Westminster and the City to St. Paul's.
The elevation of Louis Napoleon to thetlirone of France,
the successive searching expeditions in quest of the
missing ships of Sir John Franklin, the war of England
and France against Russia, the mutiny and war in India,
and the intestine war in North America, with its strong
effects on the polity and trade of Britain, kejit the public
mind of London, even more than the ptiblic miml through-
out the country, in a state of alnuist constant tension
aud anxiety from 1851 till 1865. Tlie launching of the
Great Eastern iron steam-ship, and the first lapug of an
Atlantic telegraph, were marked events of 185S. Com-
merce had been remarkably increa,sing for several years
prior to the Russian war; was slightly checked by the
accompaniments of that war; took a fresh start on the
conclusion of the peace ; was soon checked again by a
monetary crisis, which temporarily raised the rate of dis-
count at the Bank of England to 10 per cent. ; experienced
relief through an interference of government, authorizing
the bank to increase its issues of notes as necessity might
require; resumed then its regular and prosperous course;
went through the trying shocks from the American war
with such elastic power as to gain more by increase in
other markets of the world than it lost by vast decrease
in those of America; and sustained again a check, but
under steady and recuperative progress, from a monetary
crisis in 1866, which forced up the rate of bank discount
to 10 percent., and kept it there upwards of three months.
The volunteer movement began to make much stir in
185P; and a body of about 20,000 volunteers was reviewed
by the Queen in Hyde-park in June 1860. A fire broke
out, in the same month, in some warehouses near the S
end of London bridge; raged with fury for seven days;
left smouldeiing action in vaults and underground stores
for several weeks; destroyed btuldings over an area of
many acres; and involved a loss of pro]ierty estimated at
nearly £20,000,000. The death of the Prince Consort
occurred near the end of the same j-ear, and threw a tem-
porar)- gloom over London society. The Great Exhibi-
tion at Kensington was the notable event of 1862. Rail-
way operations had already wo7-k»nl nuich change on the
metropolis; and they went forward with acceler.ited and ex-
tended force, ploughing through it and around it, throw-
ing down and building up, during the live yars ending
LONDON.
LONDON.
in 1866. Cholera reWsited Lomlon in the last of these
years, but much more mildly than iu I'?'32; and vas
traced, iu considerable degree, to the etfe<;:s of unwhole-
some water.
Historical Localities.— llany sites, buildings, and ob-
jects, associated with historical events, cr with curious
and bygone phases of the City, Lave been incidentally
noticed in the course of the preceding historical sketch;
and many more will be found noticed, m a variety of
connexions, in the sequel of the present article, and m
other articles. But many others, not noticed elsewhere,
may be noticed here; and likewise some of those noticed
elsewhere, may, for sake of further particulars, be again
noticed here.
The rising-ground in the Tower, near the chapel of St.
Peter-ad-Vincula, was the place of execution of Anne
Bolej-n, Lady Jane Grey, and others. Tower-Hill, at the
open area outside of the fortifications, was the usual place
of execution for state criminals, and long had a perma-
nent scaflfold. Great Tower-street, running westward
thence, is noted for Peter the Great having there, at the
" Czar's Head," been accustomed to smoke tobacco, and
to drink beer and peppered brandy. Litt'.e Tower-street
was the place where the poet Thomson wrjte his " Sum-
mer." The Minories, running northward fr^m the Tower,
took its name from a convent of the Nuns of St. Clare,
or Minoresses, foimded iu 1293, near ths spot now oc-
cupied by Trinitj- church. Eastcheap, westward from
Great Tower-street, contained the Boar's Head tavern,
which was made famous by Shakespeare, rebuilt after the
great fire, and removed at the making of King ^Villiam-
street to London bridge. Cannon street, en a line thence
westward, was the place, at the London Stone, where
Jack Cade proclaimed himself in 1447. Leadenhall-
street, going eastward on a line with Cornhill, took its
name from Leaden Hall, on the site of tie present meat-
market ; contained the seat of the NeviDc?. which passed
to Lord ilayor ^V^littington, and to the City; contained
also the Old King's ifead tavern, where the Jacobite
plotters met in the time of William HI.; contained like-
wise the residence of " Dirty Dick," and the death-place
of Stowe; and retains underground stnictttres which were
crypts of St. Michael's and St. Peter's. Gracechm-cli-
street, connecting the E ends of Eastchrip and Leaden-
hall-street, took its name from St. Benet's church, which
was called the Grass church on account of a vegetable-
market being adjaceut; and it contains an inn wluch was
once a theatre, and includes the place wLere George Fo.x
died. Lombard-street, going westward en a line with
Fenchurch-street, from the middle of Gra:-^church-street,
took its name from the Lombardy goldsmiths, who settled
in it; retains till the present day its pre?tige for money
transactions, by being the site of barks and insur-
ance offices; and was the residence of Gresham, of Jane
Shore's husband, of Guy the founder ot Guy's hospital,
and of the poet Pope's father. Bi.shopj;ite-street, on a
line with Gracechurch-street northward, wis the residence
of Sir 11. Pallavicini, who collected Ptrt-r-pence in the
time of ilarv, and gave entertainment to Elizabeth in
1559.
Cornhill, connecting Leadenhall-street with the Poultry,
took its name from a corn-market of vrry early origin;
was long the quarter for dealers in old clothes; had a
prison for night-walkers, called the Tun prison, built in
1283, somewhat in the form of a tun stanimg on end; had
also a conduit of sweet water, constructed in 1401, and
"castellated iu the midst of the street;" had likewise
the standard for water from the Thames, constructed in
1582, and spouting water in four difier:-* t directions at
every tide ; contained a house of King John, the Pope's
Head tavern, aud the birthplace of the u<;'et Gray; and
was the ])lace where Jack Cade beheiiid Lord Saye.
The Poultry, connecting Lombard-streit and Cornhill
westward with Chcapside, contained tL^ church of St.
Lawrence Pountney, said to have been 't'.;Ut on the site
of the Pi Oman pra'torium; contained al~j the Compter
prison, from which G. Sharpe liberated I'n-i negro slave
Somerset; Las a hou.se of 1CS8-9, buut by Wren, and
occupied for years by Tegg the publisL:-:r; aud was the
birth-place of Thomas Hood. Cheapsido, connecting tho
Poultry with Newgate-street and St. Paul's-churchyard,
and one of the most crowded thoroughfares in the me-
tropolis, was famous in early times, for its cross, its con-
duit, aud its standard; and, iu later times, for its silk-
mercers, its linen-drapers, and its hosiers. The cross
stood at the corner of Wood-street; was built, in 1290,
by Michel de Cantuaria, as one of Edward I.'s celebrated
crosses iu memory of Queen Eleanor; was rebuilt iu 1441;
was repaired and gilt in 1552, at t'ue visit of Charles V.;
was adorned again, at successive times, iu honour of Anne
Boleyu, of Edward VI. 's coronation, and of ilary's mar-
riage to Philip; and was token down in 1643. The con-
duit stood near Foster-lane, and was supplied by Tyburn.
The .standard occupied the spot where Bishop Stajdeton
was burnt in 1236. A tournament took place in Cheap-
side, in front of Bow church, in 1331, and was witnessed
by Edward II. and PhUippa. The Solemn League and
Covenant was burnt here in 1661. The lord mayor's
pageant, as planned by the last City poet, Elkanah Set-
tle, passed along Cheapside in 1702; was witnessed here,
from a balcony, by Queen Anne; and is pictured as en-
teripg Cheapside, in the concluding plate of Hogarth's
"Industry aud Idleness." Llewelyn was beheaded in
Cheapside iu 1232; and P. Warbeck and Defoe were
pilloried iu it, the former in 1497, the latter in 1703.
Old 'Change was the residence of Lord Herbert of Cher-
bury. Queen's Arms Inn-passage was the place where
Keats wrote some of his pieces.
Old JewTT, going northward from the W end of the
Poultry, took its nauie from being settled by Jews under
William the Conqueror; contained the old London In-
stitution, where Porson died as librarian; and eoutaiued
also the jjrincely mansion of Sir Robert Clayton. Buck-
lersbur}', going from the S side of the Poultry, was noted
for the sale of spices, simples, or herb.s, and herb-drinks;
figures in connexion with those in Shakespeare's "ilerry
Wives of Windsor ; " and was the residence of Sir Thomas
More. Bread-street, going off the S side of Cheap^ide,
contained the house where ililtou was born, and which was
destroyed by the great fire; coutained also the Mermaid
tavern, which was frequeuted by .Shakespeare, llaleigh,
aud Ben Jonson; and retains, beneath one of its ])re-
seut houses, the vaults of a mansion of Sir J. Gisor,
built about 1240. Coleman-street, going northward,
nearly on a line with Old Jewry, was the residence of
Ben Jonson, and of Cowley, who wrote " the Cutler of
Coleraan-strcet;" and contained the Star tavern, which
was visited by Cromwell. Swan alley was the residence
of Venner, the fifth-monarchy-man; aud the Great Bell-
yard was the residence of Bloomfield, when a shoe-
maker. The Artillery Ground, 5 furlongs N of Coleman-
street, aud adjacent on the W to Fiusbury-square, was
formed by the London trainbands, afterwards called
the Hon. Artillery Company, who had their first
grounds near Spitalfields, and who numbered John Gil-
pin as one of their captains ; and it was the place from
which Lunardi made his balloon-ascent, in 1784. Grub-
street, now called Milton-street, commencing not far
from the SW corner of the Artillery Ground, and going
from Chiswell-street to Fore-street, took its present name
from the circumstance that Milton lived ucar it; was the
place where ABC books were written after the inven-
tion of the art of printing; and was long noted as the
retreat of poor authors. Hanover-square, in the vicinity
of Grub-street, was the reisidence of Monk. Beach-street,
coimccting Chiswell-street westward with Barbican, had
a residence of the abbots of Ramsey, which was occupied
by the Drurj's and Prince Rupert. Barbican, on a line
with Bearh-street westwanl, took its name from a watch-
tower on the ancient City wall, and had residences of the
Snfiolks, the Willoughbys d'Eresby, and Spelman the
antiquary.
Aldersgate-street, going southward from (ho AV eiul of
Barbican, and forming part of a main thoroughhirc to
St. Paul's-churchyard, was long a fashionable quarter,
and contained mansions of the Dorchcstcrs, the West-
morelands, the Lauderdales, aud other noliles. Tlie wits
met at the HaU'-iloou tavern there in the tiuie of Charles
LONDOX.
147
LONDON".
II.; the Tuftons, the Ashley-Coopers, and others lived
inSh.iftesbury House there, a mansion with a frouthy Inigo
Joties, which afterwards was occupied by a grocer; the
Pierrepouts lived there in Peter House, which ji.isscd to
the bibhoiis of London; and Milton's " pretty garden-
house," where he kept school, was there on the ground
afterwards occupied by the Literary Institution. Little
Britain was long the chief place for the sale of books and
pamphlets; and there the Earl of Dorset, when "beating
about for books," drew to light Milton's "Paradise
Lost," which the vender told him "lay upon his hands
like waste paper." Artillerj--walk, near Bunhill-fields,
was the place where ililton finished his Paradise Lost.
Sniitliiield, 2i fmiongs W of Aldersgate, was the scene
of the awful victim-burnings in the time of Henry VIII.
and Marv ; was previously the scene of tournaments
in 1357, 1362, 1369, 1374, 1393, 1409, and 1467; and
was the place of the roisterings of Bavtlemy fair, degen-
erated from Bartholomew fair. The Elms "at Smithtield
was the spot where Sir William Wallace was beheaded
in 1305. Cloth Fair, adjacent to Smithfield, was long
the appointed and customaiy place for the sale of cloth.
Cock-lane, ninning westward from Giltspur-strcet, near
Smithfield, was noted for a ghost-cheat in 1762. Chick-
Lxne, or West-street, going from Smithfield across the
present Victoria-street, went down to Fleet-ditch, and
was the place of the Pied Lion tavern, Hogarth's " Blood-
bowl-house," the haunt of thieves and other bad charac-
ters, taken down in 1846. Giltspur-street was the site
of a compter, taken down in 1S55. Aldermanbury was
the site of the Guildhall till 1411. Bartholomew-
close was the residence of Dr. Caius, the founder of
Caius college, Can'bridge; of Milton, after the Restora-
tion; of Le Sotur, the sculptor; and of Benjamin Frank-
lin, when a journeyman printer.
Friday-street, otf Cheapside, contains the Nag's Head
tavern, where the Roman Catholics alleged Archbishop
Parker to have been consecrated ; and figures in the cu-
rious evidence of the poet Chaucer on "the Scrope and
Groivenor conh-oversy. Arthur-street, off Fish-street-
liill, contained a house in which Edward the Black
Prince was lodged. Turnwheel-lane, oil" Cannon-street,
contained Herbert Inn, which belonged to Edward III.
Petticoat-lane, off Whitechapel, contained the house
where Strype the antiquary was born ; and near it was
the residence of Gondomar, the Spanish amb;issador to
James I. Sweedon's-passage, off Cripjilegate, contained
a house in which Whittington and Gre.^ham lived, and
vhich was taken dovra in 1805. Playhouse-yard, in
Whiteoro.ss-street, near Cripplegate, contained the For-
tune theatre, which was pulled down by the Puritans in
1C49. Thrograorton-street contained the residence of
T. Cromwell, the vicar-general of Henry VIII. Seeth-
ing-lane, adjacent to Tower-hill, contained the old navy
office, and the residences of Pepys and Sir F. Walsing-
ham. Dowgate, going northward from Upper Thames-
street toward the Poultry, contained the residence of the
Duke of Buckingham, in tho time of Charles II., after
nearly all the rest of the nobility had migi-ated to tho
suburbs. Upper Thames-street contained the residence
of the Norfolks and the Talbots, on ground afterwards
occupied by Calvert's brewery; and had, on a spot near
its junction witli Earl-street, the ca.stlc of Baiuardus, the
companion of William the Conqueror. That edifice came
to be called Baynard Castle; and the locality now called
Bayswater, adjacent to Kensington, also took its name
from Bainardus, and was originally called Baynard's-
water.
St. Paul's churchyard, around St. Paul's cathedral,
had, at its NE corner, St. Paul's cross, where the ser-
mons against Popery were preached in the time of Henry
VIII. A pint around the centre of the site of St.
Paul's cathedral contained the tomb of John of Gaiiiit,
and the first Duke llum[>hrey's walk. Ludgatc hill,
going westward from the S side of St. Paul's cliurchyard,
was the place of Wyatt's arre:^t in the |)ro;,'ix;ss of his in-
suiTection; and is noted for tiic liolle Sauvage or Belle
Savage inn, belonginj; to the Cutlers' company, in a court
where G. Gibbons resided, and where he carved a pot of
flowers which shook with the vibration of passing car-
riages. Paternoster-row, somewhat on a line with
Cheapside westward, and somewliat parallel to St. Paul's
churchyard and the ujifier part of Ludgate-hiU, took its
name from the sale in it of paternosters, aves, credos,
and similar things, in the Romish times; retains its an-
cient prestige as a place of publication; and is noted as
the site of great publishing establishmeuts. Amen-
corner, continuous with Paternoster-row, was a place for
silk mercers and simil-ir dealers, before the great fire;
and coutained the house of Harvey which he lent to the
Physicians' college. Ave Maria-lane, going northward
from Ludgate-hill to Paternoster-row, took its name from
resident "text-wiitere," who sold aves and credos. Old
Baile}', going northward from Ludgate-hill toward
Smithfield, was the residence or haunt of Jonathan Wild;
and includes Green iU-bour-court, where Goldsmith \vrot6
his "Traveller" and some othei-s of his works. Black-
friars, between the line of Ludgate and the river, took
its name from the Blackfriars' monastery, removed hither
from Holbom in 1276, patronized and enriched by Ed-
ward I. and his queen, an edifice so stately that parlia-
ments were held in it, Charles V. resided in it during
his visit to Henry VIII., and Cardinal Canipeggio heard
in it Henry's suite for a divorce; an edifice which passed
after the Reformation to the royal printers, gave rise
then to the name of Printing House-square to the place
around it; and was superseded by the printing-offices of
the Times newspaper, which still cover some traces of its
foundations; but the hall and abbot's house of which
were converted by Henry VIII. into a palace, and its
church taken down. Blackfriars contained also a theatre
erected in spite of opposition by the City authorities,
highly associated with Shakespeare, and with the acting
of James Burbage and others, and which has bequeathed
its name to Play house -yard. Blackfriars likewise con-
tained the residence of the Hunsdons, and the residences
of Ben Jonson, C. Jansen, and VanJyck; and it contains
Chatham-place, named after Earl Chatham, and where
Lady Hamilton lived in Dr. Bird's house as a nursery-
maid; and contains also Bride-line, with Coger's Hall
tavern, which was frequented by a peculiar set of
" thinkers " in 1756.
Fleet-street, on a line with Ludgate-hill westward to
Temple Bar, took its name from the Fleet river or Fleet-
ditch, which runs from Hampstead-hill, and under the
line of Farringdon-street, to the Thames at Blackfriars
bridge. That stream, for a time, was first a useful water-
supply to the ancient City, and next a useful branch of
the harbour, made navigable for small craft to Holborn
bridge; but it afterwards became a gieat aud increasing
nuisance, as a filthy common sewer; and, as already re-
lated, was arched over, and made to serve partially as a
building-site. A bridge crossed it at the foot of Fleet-
street; and the first knife factory in England stood there.
A conduit stood a little above the foot of the street, near
Shoe-lane. Tho notorious Fleet prison for debtors also
stood near the foot of Fleet-street, on the E side of Far-
ringdon-street; was rebuilt after the gi-eat fire, and again
in 1781-2; had among its many prisoners, Surrey, Donne,
Bishop Hooper, Lord Falkland, Prynne, Wj-cherley,
Savage, W. Penn, R. Lloyd, and J. Howell; was tha
place whore Howell wrote some of Ids "Letters;" was
noted also for secret maniagcs, registers of which, from
1074, are preserved at Doctors' Commons; and was taken
down in 1844. Fleet-street contains few historical locali-
ties in its immediate front lines; but it flanks many
along both sides. Salisburj'-scpiare, off the lower part of
the S side, was the residence of the poet Dryden, the
novelist Richardson, and the actor Betterton. Dorset-
street, to tho S of Salisbury-square, was the residence of
Locke; contained the house of Bishop Jewel, which he
gave up to tho Sackvilles; and had a theatre, wbicli v.as
liuilt by AVreu for Davenport, and was taken down in
1709. Whitefriars precinct, approached by Wliitefriars-
strcet and Bnuvcrie-street, contained the residence of
Snldtm, the old George inn, and a theatre taken down in
1013; was one of tho political sanctuaries whidi came to
be vastly abused by the iuQu.v and riotousutaj of bod
LONDON.
148
LONDON.
cliaracters; bore then the cant name of Alsatia; and
figures graphically in Sir Walter Scott's "Fortunes ol"
IS'igeL" The Mitre tavern, in Mitre-court, near the ap-
proaches to Whitefriars, was the place where the Eoyal
Society used to dine, and a resort of Dr. Johnson and
Boswell. Peterborough - court was a residence of the
Bishops of Peterborough. Inner Temple-lane, Johnson's-
court, and Gough-square were residences of Johnson; and
in the last he vrcofe much of his Dictionary. The W
■comer-house of Inner Temple-lane was the place where
Pope and Warburton first met. The Temple, occupying
large space between Fleet-street and the Thames, was
settled by the Knights Teraplai's, ia 118-t, removing to it
then from Holborn; was given by Edward II., at the
downfall of the Templars in 1313, to Aymer de Valence,
Earl of Pembroke; passed, at the Earl's death, to the
Knights of St. John; was leased by them to the students
of the common law; remained with the students, after
lapsing to the Crown at the dissolution of religlou.5 houses ;
and was given permanently by James I. to the law
benchers. The Temple gardens, betv.-een the Temple
buildings and the river, are set down by Shakespeare as
the place where the Yorkists and the Lancastrians first
assumed their distinctive badges of the white rose and
the red rose. The Eainbow tavern, between Inner Tem-
ple-lane and Jliddle Temple-lane, dates from about 1659,
and contained the Phoenix fire office in 16S2. The Devil
tavern stood at the head of the S side of Fleet-street, on
the site of Child's banking-office, the oldest banking
house in London; was the place where Ben Jonson often
met the Apollo club, and where the laureates recited
their odes; and was taken down in 17SS. Shoe-lane,
going from the lower part of Fleet-street northward
to Holborn -hill, contained the seat of the Bishops
of Bangor, afterwards Bentley's printing office; .nnd was
the birth-place of Cowley, the death-place of W. Lilly
and Lovelace, and the residence of Michael Drajiion,
Praise-God- Barebones, AVynkin de Warble, E. Curll, B.
l..intot, and the publisher Murray. Bolt-court, to the
W of Shoe-lane, was the residence and death-place of Dr.
Johnson, and the residence of the printer Bensley, the
astronomer Ferguson, and William Cobbett; and John-
son's house in it was taken down in 1784. Crane-court,
EtiU further to the W, was the meeting-place of the
Koyal Society from 1701 till 17S2, in a house built by
AVren. Fetter-lane, still further to the W, and going
northward to Holborn, includes Salisbury -court and
I^ovell's-court, where Ptichardson resided, and in the
latter of which he WTote his " Pamela " and his " Grandi-
Kon." Chancery -lane, also going from Fleet -street to
Holborn, was the birth-place of Strafford, and the resi-
dence of J. Tonson and Isaak Walton.
Newgate-street, going west-north-westward from the
N end of St. Paul's churchyard, somewhat on a line with
Cheapside, has, in Bath-street, the Bagiuo or Old Royal
Baths, buUt in 1679 by the Turkey merchants; in Bull
Head-court, a bas-relief of the giant William Evans, 7^
feet high, and the dwarf Sir Jeffrey Hudson, 3| feet high;
in Ivy-lane, the site of the King's"Head tavern, in which
the Iyy-l:ine club met, with Dr. Johnson for a member;
and in Warwick-lane, a wall-effigies of IGSS of Earl
Guy, — the old college of physicians, bnilt by AVren,
after the great fire, — and the Bell Inn, where Archbishop
Leighton died. Clirist's Hospital, on the N side of
Newgate-street, occupies the site of the Greyfriars mon-
astery; was founded by Edward VI., ten days before his
death; and has many historical associations. The Char-
ter-House, 5 furlongs N of Christ's Hospital, and ad-
jacent to Goswell-.street, occupies the site of a Carthusian
monasteiy, founded in 1371, by the Flemish Knight, Sir
Walter Manny; was erected as an hospital, chapel, and
school-house,. in 1611, by Thomas Sutton; retains some
relics of the original monastery ; and was originally sur-
rounded by a wild waste tract, which was purchased by
Bishop Stratford as a burial-place for victims of the
plague. Jloorfields, in that quarter, was then a fen; was
made passable bj' causeways so late as 1415; was laid out
Avith public walks, for the use of the citizens, in 1606;
Lcgau to be edificed after the great lire; became the site
of Old Bethlem hospital, and of Killigrew's nursery for
players; aud was long a place for sports and for old book
stalls. Picthatoh, nearly opposite the Charter-IIouse-end
of Old-street-road, figures in Shakespeare as Pistol's
" JIanor of Picthatch." Clerkenwell, to the NW of the
Charter House, took its name from a well frequented by
the incor7>orate clerks of the City; was long famous for
other wells, some of them medicinal; and had, at St.
Johns-square, a commandeiy of the Knights of St. John,
a gateway of which continued to stand after the demoli-
tion of the rest of the edifice in the time of Edward VI.,
and which became Cave's printing office, whence he
issued the Gentleman's Magazine.
Holbom-hill, Holborn, and High Holborn, westward
on a line with Newgate -street, after the intervening link
of Skinner-street, took their name by corruption from the
Oldboumeor Hilboume rivulet, which ran down them to
Fleet-ditch; and were the route of criminals from the
Tower and from Newgate to the gallows at Tyburn, the
route of Lord William Russell on his way to the scaffold
in Lincolns Inn-fieLis, and the route of the wliippings of
Titus Oatcs, Dangerfield, and Johnson, from Aldgate to
T)-burn. A house in Holborn was inhabited by Gerdar
the herbalist in 1597, and had attached to it a good
garden, with many rare plants; and the Blue Boar inn,
at 270 in High Holborn has been gravely, but erroneously,
made the scene of Cromwell and Ireton's intercejition of
a letter, which the story fancifully alleges to have been
the proximate cause of the execution of Charles I. Gray's
Inn-lane, off the N side of Holborn, was the residence of
Hampton and Pym, where they held theii- consultations
for resisting the ship money impost; and Fox-comt, off
Gray's Inn-lane, was the binh-place of the poet Savage.
Drary-lane, going south-south-ea.stward from the junction
of High Holborn and Broad-street, contains or adjoins
the birth-place of Nell Gwynn, in Coal-yard; the site of
Nell Gwynn's lodging, when Pepys saw her, watching
the milkmaids on "Mayday; the place of Lord Jlohun's
seizure of Mrs. Braceijirdle; the site of Cockpit theatre;
the original of Drury-^ane theatre, in Pit-jdace; the site
of Craven House, in which the Queen of Bohemia died in
1C62; and Lewkner's-lane, or Charles-street, long a haunt
of very bad characters. Great Queen-street, going north-
eastward from Drary-laQe to the NW corner of Lincolns
Inn-fields, is joined there at right angles by Little Queen-
street, down which Lord William Russell went to tho
scaffold; was built, along all the SE side, by Inigo Jones;
was one of the most fashionable parts of the metropolis
from 1630 to 1730; and contains the house in which Lord
Herbert of Cherbury died, a house occupied for the last
20 years of his life by Sir Godfrey Kneller, and a house
which was inhabiteti by Lord Chancellor Somers and the
Duke of Newcastle in the time of George II.
The Strand, going west-south-westward, in a line with
Fleet-street, from the vicinity of Temple Bar to Charing-
cross, was long little else than an open road between
London and '\\'estmia3ter; was not paved till after the
passing of an act for the purpose, in 1532; became, from
end to end, a place of noble, prelatic, and wealthy man-
sions; and is now a brilliant portion of one of the great
business-arteries of the metropolis. Peter of S.avoy, uncle
of Henry III., obtained a large tract on its S side to the
Thames in 1245, and was one of the earliest settlers in it;
the bishofis and other e&^lesiastical dignitaries numer-
ously followed him, insomuch that nine bishops h.ad
mansions on its S side at the time of the Reformation ;
and nobles, contemfKiraneously or afterwards, settled in
such numbers as eventually to give their names to most
of the numerous streets which now run from the Straml
to the river. Essex House stood at the E extremity of tlic
S side. Essex-street, named from that mansion, and
running to the S, contained the residence of Lady Prim-
rose, where the young Pretender lay concealed in 1750.
Devereux-court, further W, contained the Grecian coffee-
house. Amndel House stood further E. Somerset
House, erected in 1776-S6, and occupied chiefly as gov-
ernment offices, is on the site of Protector Somerset's
palace. The building No. 141 occupies the site of Ton-
sou's shop. The Savoy was the site cf the Earl of Savoy's
LOXUOX.
149
LOXDO-N'.
palace, and the place of the famous conference for the
reri^ion of the Liturgy at the restoration of Charles II. ;
and it still has the Savoy chapel, which was attached to
the hospital of St. John the Baptist, and which w.is burnt
in 1S'j4, but so interested the Queen that she undertook
to have it restored at her own expense. The Beaufort
buildings occui)T the site of AVorcester House. Cecil-
Btreet was the site of the New E.Kchange, and adjoins the
site of Salisburj- House. The Adelphi-tcrracc, facing the
Thames, and reached through Adam-street, was the death-
place of Garrick. A spot between Adam-street and Buck-
ingbun-street was the site of Durham House, and the
residence of Sir Walter Ealeigh. Buckingham-street and
Viliiers-street are on the site of the Duke of Buckingham's
mansion and gardens; and a house in one of them was
the birthplace of Lord Bacon. Northumberland House,
at the "W extremity of the S side, was originally built by
Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton; passed, in 1614,
to Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk, and then took the
Dame of Suffolk House ; went, in 1642, to Algernon
Pei-cy, tenth Earl of Northumberland, and then took the
name of Northumberland House; passed afterwanls to
Algernon, Earl of Hertford, and seventh Duke of Somer-
set,— and again to Sir Hugh Smithson, who was, in 1766,
created Duke of Northumberland; and it now retains
only a small portion of the original building. South-
ampton-street, off the N side of the Strand, adjoins the
site of Bedford House. Maiden-lane, running westward
from Southampton - street to Bedford-street, was the
residence of Andrew Marvell, and the lodging-place of
Voltaire.
Charing-crnss was the last place at which the cofSn of
Eleanor, queen of Edward I., rested on its way to AVestmin-
ster abbey; was the site of the last of the splendid crosses
erected by Edward to her memory; and was the place of
the execution of the regicides of Charles I. Whitehall, go-
ing southward from Charing-cross, was the site of Cardinal
WoLsey's York House, — afterwards the Whitehall royal
palace, from the time of Henry VIII. till that of WiUiam
III. ; was the site also of Cockpit, in which Oliver Crom-
well resided ; and was the scene, in front of Whitehall
banqueting-house, of the execution of Charles I. lUch-
mond-terrace, off the E side of the foot of Whitehall,
was the site of the Duchess of Portsmouth's lodgings.
King-street, deflecting south-south-eastward from the
foot of Whitehall, was the death-place, in deep poverty,
of the ])oet Spencer. Parliament-street, St. Margaret-
street, and Old Palace-yard, southward on a lino with
AVhitehall, abound in historical association.s, connected
with govenunental occurrences, Westminster - abbey,
Wes:niin.ster-hall, and the old houses of parliament.
A rc-3m in the Colonial office, in Downing-street, was the
place where Nelson and Wellington had their casual and
only meeting. Palace-yard was the place of Sir Walter
Ealeigh 's execution. Westminster-hall was the place of
the trials of Earl Strafford, Charles 1., and Warren Hast-
ings. The new houses of parliament cover the site of
tlie Star chamber, the Painted chamber, and Guy FaiLx's
Cellar. The Almonry, in Westminster, was the place
wh-rre Caxton erected his printing-press.
Pali -Mall, communicating through Cockspur- street
with Ch.iring-crosS, and going west-south-we.stward to
the f>jt of St. James'-street, took its name from a game
intro<iuced to England either in the time of James I. or
in that of Charles I. ; and contains a house on the site of
that in which Nell Gwj-nn died, — Schomberg Hou.so, in
the W wing of which the painter Gainsborough lived, —
and Marlborough House, the death-place of the great
Duke of ilarll-orough, the residence for a time of Prince
Leopold, the residence of the Duwagor-Queen Adelaide,
and now the residence of the Prince of Wales. St.
James'square, olf the N side of Pall-Mall, is notable for
Johnson and Savage liaving often walked throughout the
night in it for want of a bed; and contains the house in
whi;-h Lord Castlercagh resided, and Norfolk House in
whivh George III. was born. St. James'-street, going
north-north-westward to Piccadilly, was the .scone of
I'lood's attempt on the Duke of Oimond; and contains
the house in which Lord Byrou lodgid in ISll, the site
of the house in which Sir Richard Steele lived, and tha
site of that in which the historian Gibbon dieiL St.
James'-place, off the W side of St. James'-street, contain.'?
the house in wliicli the poet Itogei-s lived. St. James'
palace, near Marlborough House, a little to the SW of
Pall-Mali, occupies the site of an hospital, founded a'oout
1190 for lepers, and purchased in 1532 by Henry VIII.;
and now retains little of the structure erected by Henrj-.
Stafford House, in James' Palace-court, stands partly on
the site of Queen Caroline's library; was built, under th&
name of York House, for the Duke of York, son of
George III., but was unfinished at his death; and went
by sale, in 1841, to the JIarquis of Stafford. Briilge-
water House, a little to the N of Stafford House, and
facing the Green Park, occupies tlie site of Berkshire
House, which was bought by Charles II. for the Duchess
of Cleveland, and then called Cleveland House, and
which went by sale, in the early part of last century, to
the Duke of Bridgewater. Eegent-street, commenchig in
Waterloo-place in the E part of Pali-Mall, and going
north-north-westward, through the Quadrant and acros.*
Oxford-street, into junction with Portland-place toward
the Regents' Park, was designed and constructed by tho
architect Nash, during the regency of George IV. ; formed
much the grandest improvement in the metropolis after
the time of Wren ; and served as a strong stimulus to
quicken the migration of the higher classes to the West.
The comer of Suffolk-street, a little further E, was the
scene of the salvage assault on Sir John Coventry, which
gave occasion for the famous statute against catting and
maiming.
Piccaddly, going from Regent-circus at the intersection
of Regent-street, west-south-westward, to Hyde-park-
corner, was long a short and indifferent street, extending
no further than to the foot of Sackville-street; appeal's
fijst on record, under its present name, in 1673; is sup-
posed to have got that name from the sale in it of stiff
collars, called jiickadilles, much worn from 16iJ5tol620;
and became eveutuallj' a place of costly mansions, and a
centre for the radiation of numerous streets. The f>art
of it from Sackville-street to Albemarle -street was
originally called Portugal-street ; and took that name
from Catherine of Braganza, queen of Charles II. Bur-
lington House, and Burlington arcade, at its N side, be-
tween Sackville-street and Bond-street, were named after
Boyle, Earl of Burlington. Clarendon Hou?e, between
Albcmarle-strcet and Dover-street, belonged to the great
Lord Clarendon; was sold by his son, the Earl of Roches-
ter, in 1675, to the second Duke of Albemarle; was sold
by the Duke, a little before his death, to Sir Thomas
Bond of Peckliam; and is now represented by only some
remains at Three Kings' stables. Devonshire House,
between Berkeley -street and Stratton-street, occupies the-
site of Berkeley House, which belonged to Lord Berkeley
of the time of Charles II., and in which the first Duke
of Devonshire died. Bath House, at the comer of Bol-
ton-street, occupies tho site of a mansion of the statesman
William Pulteney, Earl of Bath; and is noted for fie-
quent meetings of Moore, Rogers, Chantrey, Wilkie,
Hallam, and Sydney Smith. Coventiy House, at tht>
corner of Engine-street, occupies the site of an old inn,
called the Greyhound; and was the death-place, in 1S0&,
of the sixth Earl of Coventry. Apsley House, at Hyde-
park-corncr, took its name from Baron Apslc)-, Earl Bath-
urst; was built in 17S5, near the site of a once famou'i
inn, called the Hercules Pillars; and was purchased and
reconstructed by the great Duke of Wellington, and
statedly occupied by him during the l.ist 32 yeara of his
life. A hou.se ojqiosite St. James' church was the death-
place, in 1687, of Sir William Petty. Another hou>e
there was tho residence, in 1675, of the painter Verrio.
Tho W corner liouse in Stratton-street was the death-
place of the Duchess of St. Allians, jireviously Mrs.
Coutts. The house at the E corner of Half Jloon-street:
was the residence of JIadame d'Ardlay. The house at
the W corner of White-horse-street was the re.-.idence of
M. C. Duniergue, the friend of Sir Walter Scott; and
was long Sir \Valter'.s own retreat at his visits to London.
Hertford House, at the Corner of En;;ine-strctt. w<s built
LONDON.
150
LONDON.
in 1850-3 by the JIarquis of Hertford; but occupies the
site, and retains much of the fagade, of tiie Pulteney
Hotel, where the Emperor of Kussia resided during his
visit to London in 1814, and where his sister, the Duchess
of Oldenburgh, introduced to each other Pnnce Leopold
and the Princess Charlotte. The house irimediately E
of Hertford House was the death-place of Sir William
Hamilton, whose wife figures in the biography of Lord
Nelson. The house at the corner of Hamilton Place was
the death-place of Lord Chancellor Eldon. The house
No. 139, between Park-lane and Hamilton-place, was the
residence of Lord Byron; and formed par: of the resi-
dence of the Duke of Queensberry, familiarly kno\vn as
"Old Q." A house two doors from Aps'.ey house was
the residence of Beckford, author of " Vathek." A house
adjacent to St. James' church occupies the site of one in
which the Eev. Dr. S. Clarke lived from 1709 till his
death in 1729, in which he wrote his work " On the
Being and Attributes of God," and other works, and
which was taken dowii in ISiS. The houje No. SO was
the residence of Sir Francis Burdett, and tta place where
he was arrested to be taken to the Tower. The house
No. 94 was successively Egremont House, Cholmondeley
House, and Cambridge House; and was th? death-place
of the Duke of Cambridge, youngest son of George III.,
and the residence of Viscount Palmerston. A house op-
posite Old Bond-street covers the site of :he bookseller
Wright's shop, where Gifford assaulted Pe:er Pindar.
Bond-street was named after Sir Thoraas Bond of
Peckham ; Albemarle-street, after the se.-ond Duke of
Albemarle; Dover-street, after Lord Dover, who died in
1708; Berkeley-sti-eet and Stratton-strer-:, after Lord
Beikelej' of Stratton, the lord deputy of Ireland in the
time of Charles II. ; Clarges-street, aft^r Sir Walter
Clarges, the nephew-in-law of General Monk; Half Moon-
street, after the Half Moon tavern; "Utitehorse-street,
after the White Horse tavern, which wa= on its site in
1720; Hamilton-place, after James Hamilton, the ranger
of Hyde-park in the time of Charles II.; Jermj-n-street,
after Henry Jermyn, Earl of St. Alban's, who died in
1683; Arliugton-street and Bennet-stree:, after Henry
Bennet, Earl of Arlington, one of the Cabil. Coventry-
street, on a line with Piccadilly eastward, took its name
from Coventry House, the residence of Secretary Coventry
in the time of Charles II. ; and was the six.; of a building
kno\vn as the Piccadilly gaming-house. Havmarket, going
south wardfrom Coventry-street to Pall-Mali, took its name
from a market for hay formerly held in i:; and was the
scene of the murder of Mr. Thynne by hirelings of Count
Koningsmarck. Panton-street, off Haynnrket, contains
a house in which Addison wrote his "Campaign." Consti-
tution Hill, leading from Hyde Park corcsr to St. James'
park, was the place where Sir Eobert Perl got his fatal
fall from his horse. Grosvenor Place, cocirouting Buck-
ingham Palace gardens, takes its name ho-.n the Grosvenor
familj', the owners of the ground ; an i was edificed
during the Granville administration, whea Granville, in
opposition to George III., refu.sed to pur;hase the site.
Grosvenor-square, nearly | of a mile to :he X, takes its
name also from the Grosvenor family; ar:i was the resi-
dence of Lords Kockingham and North -.-hen they were
prime ministers. H^-de Park, entered a: the W end of
Piccadilly, was part of the ancient manor of Hyde, be-
longing to Westminster abbey; was enclc-sed by Henry
Vlfl. ; was noted, in the time of Eliz/ceth, for royal
deer hunt.=, — and in the time of Charles I., for foot,
horse, and coach races; figures as the ?'?enc of Oliver
Cromwell's driving si.x horses presented to him by the
Earl of Oldenburgh, and of his being thrown from his
seat, with the effect of a pistol going off :'.-r>m his pocket;
and was the scene of a doubly fatal u"el, in 1712, be-
tween the Duke of Hamilton and Lord .Mohun. Park-
lane, running along the E side of Hyde Park from Pic-
c'ldiily to O.fford- street, contains Car.T^lford House
where Prince Leopohl and Princess Charlotte resided.
Covent-garden was built, in 1030, by Ir:igo Jones; and
has at one corner the site of Will's corfH-house, in an-
other place the site of Button's coffee-Lonse, and in an-
other the house where Dr. Johnson a::d Boswell first
met. Covent-garden theatre is the third theatre on the
same spot; and occupies the site of places inhabited by
Dr. Eadcliffe, Wyoherley, and many other wits, from
16-16 till 1735. l>ow-stre"et takes its name from curving
in the form of a bent bow; and has the police office
where Fielding wrote his "Tom Jones." The house at
the corner of King's Arms-court w.ns the residence of
Grlnling Gibbous. The space between P«ow-street and
the Piazza was occupied by the two gardens noted for
Dr. Eadclifle's retort to Sir Godfrey Knoller. Rose-
alley, off King-street, Covent-garden, was the scene of
the beating of Dryden by hirelings of the Earl of Roches-
ter. Berkeley-square was t>£ death-place of Horace
Walpole, the great Lord Clive,iand Lady Ann Lindsay.
A detached house at Berkeley-street was the residence of
Mrs. Montagu, and the place of her blue-stocking parties.
Hanover-square was the death-place of Lady Mary
Wortley Slontagn. Holies-street was the birthplace of
Lord BjTon, and the residence of the painter Eomney,
and of Sir M. Archer Shee. Leicester-square was the
residence of Hogarth, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Dr. John
Hunter; and has the site of Leicester House, the " pout-
ing-place" of two princes of Wales. St. Martin's-court
contained the house and the observatory of Sir Isaac
Newton. Soho-squarc was originally occupied, along
all its S side, by the palace of the Duke of Monmouth.
Bloorasbury-sqiiare contained Lord JIansfield's house,
demolished in the riots of 1780,— ami Bedford House,
taken domi in ISOO; and was the residence of Isaac Dis-
raeli. Russell-square was the death-place of Sir Thomas
Lawrence, and the residence of Justice Talfourd and
Lord Chancellor Loughborough. Duke-street, off Lin-
colns-Inn fields, contained a Roman Catholic chapel
which w.as the first building demolished in the riots of
1780. A house off Tavistock-place, adjacent to Tavis-
tock-square, was tlic jdace where Francis Bailey weighed
the earth. A house in South Audley -street was the resi-
dence of Alderman Wood, where Queen Caroline lodged
in 1820. A house in Portsmouth-street, Clare Market,
was the resort of Joe ililler, and the scene of a famous
escape of Jai;k Sheppard from the emissaries of Jonathan
Wild. Mark-lane was frequented by Cyriac Skinner,
the friend of Milton, and was a preachintt-place of Isaac
Watts. A house in Ireland-yard, Blackfriars, was pur-
chased in 1612 by Shakespeare; and the deed of it is
preserved at Guihlhall.
Many other historical localities are noticed in the ar-
ticles on Limehouse, Bow, Stepney, Eethnal-Grcen,
Shoreditch, Poplar, Jlile-End, Spitalfields, Whitechapel,
Hackney, Bromley, Finsburj', ClorkeDwell, Bloomsbury,
Islington, St. Giles -in -the -Fields, Stoke -Newington,
Highgate, Hampstead, Marjdebonc, Paddington, St.
Paucras, the parishes of AVestminster, Westminster it-
self, Knightsbridge, Kensington, Chelsea, Hammersmith,
Battersea, Lambeth, Kennington, Camberwell, Clap-
ham, Southwark, Bermondsey, Eotherhithe, Deptford,
Greenwich, Blackheath, and other sections, portions, and
suburbs of the metropolis. Some also, of a personal
kind, will be mentioned in the next section of the pre-
sent article; and a number, of various kinds, in connex-
ion with notices of public buildings.
Kmincnt Persons. — The distinguished natives of Lon-
don count by the thous;ind. A tolerably full list of
them would both tire our readers and exceed our avail-
able limits. We shall give only a select list; and give
it briefly, and in alphabetical order : — H. Aldrich,
Westminster; E. Allcyn, the actor, Bishopsgate; Bishop
Andrew.s, near Tower-street; Arne, Westminster; Lord
Bacon, Buckingh.'>.m-street; J. B,icon, the sculptor,
Lambeth; Banks, tlie sculptor, Lambeth; Joseph Barnes ;
Barrow; James Basire; Earl Bathurst, Westminster;
Thomas Becket, or Thomas-a-Bofket, the Poultry; Ad-
miral Benbow, Eotherhithe; Betterton, the actor, West-
minster; Dr. Birch; Bird, the sculptor; Blackstone,
Cheapside ; liord BoUingbroke, B;ittcr.sea ; Archbishop
Boulter; Sir F. Bourgeois, the founder of Dulwich gal-
lery; Bowyer, the printer, Whitofriars; Dr. Boycc,
Joiners' Hall; SirT. ikown, Cheapside; W. Burton, tho
antiquary; the Duke of Buckingliani, who died in 1683;
LONDON.
151
LONDON.
Lord Byron, IloUos-strcot; K. Calamy; R. Canibriilgc;
W. Camileii, author of " Biituiiuia," Little Old Bailey;
E. Curapion, the Jesuit; Georf;e Canning, Jlarylebone;
Carter, the antiquary; Caryl, the commentator; R.
Cecil, Chiswell-street; Sir T. Chaloner; Chumock, the
theolocrian; the Earl of Chatham, St. .James-AVestmin-
ster; Chancer, the father of English poetry ; the Earl of
Chesterfield, who died in 1773; Churchill, Westminster;
CoUey Gibber, Westminster; Cocker, the schoolmaster;
Dean Colet, near Budge-row; J. J. Conybearc, the Saxon
scholar; Cooke, the actor, Westminster; Lord Coruwallis,
Grosvenor-square; Cowley, Fleet-street, near Chancery-
lane; Archdeacon Coxe, Westminster; Crashaw; Culpeper,
the herbalist; Bishop Cumberland, Aldersgate; Day,
the author of "Sandford and Merton," Whitechapel;
Dee, the astrologer; Defoe, the author of "Robinson
Crusoe;" John Dennis; Dr. Doddridge; Dollond, Spit-
alCelds; Donne, the poet; Archbishop Drummond;
Dyer, the author of "the History of Cambridge Univer-
sity;" Edward V. ; Bishop Egerton; G. Ellis; the Earl
of Essex, who died in 16-16; Etherege, the wit ; Famaby,
the scholar; Nicholas Ferrar, JIark-lane ; Bishop Fleet-
wood; Fletcher, the dramatist; Folkes, the antiquarj',
St. Giles; Forbes, the traveller; Fosbrooke, the anti-
quary; C. J. Fox, Conduit-street, off Bond-street ; Gale,
the theologian; Gale, the antiquary; Gataker, the
theologian, Lombard - street ; George IIL, Norfolk
House; G. Gibbons, Westminster; A. Gill, Jlilton's
teacher; Glover, AVestminster; Slary Godwin or Wol-
stonecroft; R. Goiigh, AVinchester-street; Gray, Corn-
hill; Matthew Green, author of "the Spleen;" Maurice
Greene, the musician; Sir Thomas Gresham; Bishop
Hacket, AVestminster; E. Hall, the chronicler; Halley,
Haggerstone; Hamilton, knowii as " Singlespeech Ha-
milton," Lincoln's Inn; Hampden; Bishop Hare; R.
Harley, Earl of Oxford; Sir J. Hawkins; S. Heai-ne, the
traveller; Archbishop Heath; W. Heberden; J. Hen-
derson, the actor: Philip Henry, AA''estmiuster ; R. Her-
rick; J. Hej-wood, the poet; Highmove, the painter;
A. Hill; Bishop Hinchcliffe; B. Hoadley, the physician;
Hogarth, Baitholomew-close, Smithfield; Holcroft; T.
HolJis, the antiquary; T. HoUoway, the engraver; T.
Hood, Poultry; T. Hook, Bloomsbury; J. Hoole. Moov-
fields; J. Hoppner; Bishop Horsley; .1. Howard, Enfield;
Abbot Jngulphus; Jane of the Tower, daughter of Ed-
ward II.; S. Jcnjiis, Bloomsbury; I ni go Jones, in or
near Cloth-fair, Smithfield; Sir AV. Jones; Ben Jonsou,
Hartshorne-lane, near Charing-cross; Dr. Jortin, AVest-
minster; J. Keats, Moorfields ; Edmund Kean ; AV.
Kitcliiner; the Duke of Kent, father of Queen A'ictoria ;
Anne Killigrew, AVestminster; S. Knight, the theolo-
gian; N. Langhorne; Archbishop Leighton ; J. Leland,
the antiquary; D. Levi, the hebraist; Lewis, the author
of the "Monk;" G. Lillo; R. Lloyd; 'M. LoAvman, the
theologian ; Bishop Maddox; Sir J. Marsham, the au-
thor of "Canon Chronicus;" Martyn, the botanist.
Queen-street; Qvieen Mary, St. James*; Jfaskelyne; R.
Masters; C. Mathews, AVestminster; AV. Meliiioth, the
translator of "Pliny's Letters;" Joe Miller; Mdiio, the
engineer; Milton, Bread-street, Cheapside; AV. Mitford;
Dr. Mead, Sti^pney; Lady ilary AVortlcy Montagu, the
Piazza, Covcnt-gardeu; Sir Thomas More, Milk-street,
Cheapside; G. Morland; Mundeu, the actor, Holborn;
D. Neal, the author of the "History of the Puritans;"
H. Neale, AVestminster; Needham, secretary to the
Royal Society; R. Kelson; John Xewton ; Nicholls, the
physician of George II.; Nicholls, the antiquary, Isling-
ton; Nicholson, the mathematician; NoUekens, AVest-
minster; Dr. J. North; General Oglethorpe; Anne Old-
field; John Palmer, the Jictor; Parkhurst, the lexico-
grajiher; Parkinson, the botanist; Parsons, the biblio-
(jrapher; Bishop Pearoe, }I(dborn; Dr. Pemberton; AV.
Penn, Great Tower-hill; Catherine Philips; E. Phillips,
the nephew of .Alilton; Sir I!. Pliillips; Pope, the poet,
Lombard-street; I'. I'ott, Lombard-street; J. I'ridilen;
Prior the jioet; H. Pye, the iioetlaiireate; Quin, AVest-
minster; Rainbach, the engraver; Anno liadcliffe; J.
RastcU, the lawyer; Rawlinson, the lord-mayor; Red-
{jrave the painter; J. Reed, the critic, Stewart-street;
.T. Reeve, the antor, Ludgate-hill; D. Ricardo ; J. Riley,
the painter; AV. Rylau<l, the engraver; AV. Seward; W.
Sharp, the engraver, Minories; the Earl of Shaftesbury,
who died in 1713; Bishop Sherlock; J. Shirley, the
dramatist; AV. Sotheby; Smith, the actor, known as
"Gentleman Smith;" J. and 11. Smith, authors of the
" Rejected Addresses," Basinghall-street; Sir S. Smith,
AVestminster; Spencer, author of the " Fairie Queene,"
East Smithfield, near the Tower; J. Spiller, the sculptor;
G. A. Stevens; S. Storace; Stewart, the Pretender, St.
James' ; J. Stowe, the antiquary, Cornhill ; Stuart,
known as "Athenian Stuart;" AV. Suett, the actor;
Taylor, known as " Platonist Taylor;" Jane Taylor;
Sir AV. Temple; A Tooke, the scholar; J. H. Tooke;
Newport-street; J. Toulmin, the theologian ; J. Tovvnley,
the dramatist; A. Tucker; R. Uvedale; Admiral Ver-
non; G. Vertue, Westminster; Queen Victoria, Ken-
sington palace; Dean A'^incent; Horace AValpole, Arling-
ton-street; J. AVard, the author of " Lives of Gresham
Professors , " Bishop AVarner, AVestminster ; Thomas
AVentworth; Earl of Strafford, Chancerj'-Lane; C. AVheat-
ley, the theologim, Paternoster-row ; AVhitbread ; P.
AVhitehead, Holborn; Judge AVhitelocke; John AVUkes;
Helen M. AVdliams; AA'indham; Bishop AVren.
Distinguished residents in London also count by the
thousands. AVe can give only a select list of those of
them who have been buried in it, and in the suburbs;
and we shall give the list in a classified form. Among
royal persons there have been Hardicanute, Edward the
Confessor, Edward I., Edward III., Henry V., James
IV. of Scotland, Anne Boleyn, Lady Jane Grey, Eliza-
beth, Mary of Scotland, and Charles I. Among martial
men have been A)'mer de Valence, Sir Francis Vere,
Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Prince Rupert, Oliver Crom-
well, Ireton, the Earl of Essex, Monk, Wolfe, Sir Thomas
Picton, and the Duke of AVellington. Amomg naval
heroes have been Sir AValter Raleigh, Nelson, and CoUing-
wood. Among statesmen have been Sir Thomas More,
Sir AVilliam Temple, Lord Halifax, Lord Clarendon,
Lord Bolingbroke, the Earl of Chatham., Pitt, Fox, Can-
ning, and Lord Palmerston. Among state figurants have
been Thomas Ciomwell, Protector Somerset, the first
Duke of Buckingham, the second Duke of Buckingham,
Seidell, Cleveland, Pym, Brorae, Bradshaw, Rubh\vorth,
Blake, May, LilVium, Fleetwood, Sir John Eliot, and the
Duke of Monmouth, Among lawyers have been Attor-
ney General Nov, Sir AVilliam Follott, and Plowden.
Among theologians have been Jliles Coverdale, Bishop
Andrews, Fuller, Barrow, South, Bishop Burnet, Johu
Bunyan, Richard Baxter, Edmund Calamy, Nelson,
George Fox, John AA'esle)-, Isaac AVatts, John Newton,
Baron Swcdenborg, and Cardinal AViseman. Among
medical men have been Sir Hans Sloane, Dr. Mead,
Cheselden, John Hunter, and Sir Astlcy Cooper. Among
scientific men have been not a few, but mainly Sir Isaac
Newton. Among historians have been Fox, Camden,
Stow, Spelman, Archbishop Usher, Oldys, Ritson,
Strutt, and Lord Macaulay. Among poets and littera-
teurs have been Chaucer, Gower, Spenser, Sir Philip
Sydney, Chapman, Ben Jonson, Beaumont, Fletcher,
!Massinger, Kit ilarlowe, Cowley, Milton, Butler, Otway,
Dryden, Pope, Congreve, Gay, Prior, Addison, Thomson,
Dr. Johnson, Chatterton, R. B. Sheridan, Lamb, Camp-
bell, Rogers, Sydney Smith, and Tom Dibdin. Among
novelists have been Defoe, Rich.ardson, Sterne, Gold-
smith, and Thackeray. Among painters have been Hol-
bein, Vandyck, Sir Peter Lely, the Vaudei-veldes, Sir
Joshua Reynolds, Hogarth, Gainsborough, Stothard, Sir
Thomas Lawrence, and Turner. Among engravers have
been Hollar, Woollett, Strange, and Sliaifi. Among
architects have bi-en several of note; Init cliielly Inigo
Jones and Sir C. AV'ren. Among sculptors have bi'en C
Gibbons, Roubiliic, and Flaxnian. Among philanthro-
pists have been AVilliam Caxton, Sir Thomas Grcsliam,
John liowaid, and many more. Among distinguished
foreigners have been Ciusaubon, St. Eviemont, and
General Paoli. Among persons distinguished chiefly by
notoriety have bieii AVill Soniei-s, Old Pan-, Ilakluyt,
Pepys, Aiulrow Marvell, Roger Ascham, Dr. Basby,
LONDON.
152
LONDON.
^'elI Gwvna, the Duclics-s of Cle\'c!aiicl. .Tudge Jeffreys,
Colonel Blood, l>'. Sachavev.'l, Ludowiok ilug'Tleton,
Job ililler, Jack SLcT)pard, Cocker, Hoyle^ John NVilkis,
Lady Jlary Wortloy l!iIouta.c;a, Lord C^eorge uordou,
Joanua Soiithoott, and Joha llorne Tooke.
ilanv pla-^es of residence and death of eminent ];or-
Bons have been indicated in our section ou liiMoneM
localities; and a i'e-,Y more may hero be addto ^_.ii
Thomas Sfore resided near the site of Eattersea bridge,
in Chelsea; Horace Walpole, in ArUuj^rton-sti-eet and ni
Berkeley- so uar'i; Archbi,4wiis Laud, Sauoiofi, and
Tillotson, in Lambeth-palace ; Oliver CU-oia/ell, m Ion--
Acre, in Kingstreet- Westminster, in the Cockpil, and at
Whitehall; the Duke of Schomberg, in Schombt-rg House,
Pall Slall; Lord Chancellor Thurlow, iii Great Oimond-
street; Lord Chaueellor Cowper, m Great G'^.-rge-slrecl,
H;mover-square: Lord Chancellor Shaftesbm-y, m Shaftes-
bury House, Mdersgate-sti-eet; AVilliam Penn, in XorfoLk-
street. Strand; Sir Isaac Newiron, in St. Martb/s-street,
Leicester-square; Looke, in Dorset-comfc, Fleet- svreet;
Harvev, the disfo\erer of the circulation, cf the blood,
in Coekaine House, in the City; Shakesperae, on the
Bankside in Southwark, near the Globe theatre ; Miltou,
at the place.^ pre^ iuusly noted, and in York-street, A\ ost-
minster; Prior, in Diike-street, Westminster, .\ddi5011,
prior to his marriage, in St. James'-place, St. James'-
street; Dr. Arbuthnot, in Dover-street, Piccadilly; Dr.
Jenner, in Hertford-street, ilay Fair; Dr. ilea-i. in Great
Oi-mond-sn-eet; Linacrc, in Knightrider-street, Doctors
Commons; Fielding, in Bow-street, Covent- gaideu;
Benjamin Fi-ankUn, in Bartholomew-close, Smiihfield,
end in Craven-street, Stiund; the younger Yanderveldc,
opposite St. James' churoh, in Piccadilly, Hogarlh, in
Leicester-square; G. Gibbons, in Bow-street, Covent-
garden; Sir Joshua Reynolds, also in Ltic.:i:e!-S(]uare;
AVilkie, in Upper Portland-street, and in Lower I'liilli-
more-place, Kensinijton; Turner, in Queen Anne-street,
Cavendish-square; Gain-^borough, in part of Schonjberg
House, Pall iLill ; Dr. Priebtiey, in Lansdowne House,
Berkeley -square; Sir Joseph Banks, in Soho-square;
Handel, in Builington Hou=e, Tvith the Earl of Burling-
ton, Piccadilly, and afterwards in Brook-stretc, H.uiover-
square; the historian Gibbon, in Bentinck-:;'.reet, Ma^n-
chester-square; the poet Jloore, in Bury-st/evt, otf St.
James'-stieet; the poet Keats, in Cbeapsi.'.e; the poet
Campbell, in Victoria-square, Pimlico ; Lord Byron, i)i
the Alba-ay, Piccadilly; :Slr. ilurray, afterwards Lord
Jlansfield, in King's-Bench-walks, Temple; Loitl Chan-
cellor Eldon, in Bedford-square, and at the corner of
Hamilton-place, Piccadilly; Edmund Bm'ke, in Gcrard-
.strcet, Soho; Jeremy Bentham, in Queen-square House,
AVestniinster; Lord Nelson, in New Bond-street; Sh
Thou'as Picton, in Edward-street, Portman-square; the
martial Lord Hill, in Bel.ijraTO-square; Lord Lynedoch,
in Stratton-street, Piccadilly; ilrs. Siddons, in Great
Marlborough-street, and in Upper Baker-street, llegenl's
Park; Edmund Kean, in Clarges-street; the jwet Lamb,
in Inner-Temple-hme; Jenny Liud, in Biou-.pton-lane,
Old Brom[itou; Louis Kossuth, in Alplui-road, Regent's
Park; Sir Robert Peel, in Privy-gardens, Wliitehall.
Peter the Gieat lodged in Buckingham-strtet, Strand;
Southerne, in Tothill-street, Westminster; Voltaire, in
ilaiden-laue; Charles X. of France, in South Audley-
street; Joseph Buonaparte and Lucieu Buoiiaparte, in
Park-crescent, Portland-place; Orleans EgiUite, iii South-
street, Grosveaor-square; Louis Philippe, at Cox's hotel,
Jermyu-street; Louis Blanc, in Piccadilly: Guizot, in
Pelham-cresceut, Brom])tou; Talleyrand, in Manchester-
square; Ledrii RoUin, lu South-street, Thmdoe-square;
Louis Napoleon, in King-street, St. James' -square; Don
Carlos, in \Velbeck-stroet; Bhicher, in a house betv.-een
St. James' Palace and Statford House; WattL-au, in Great
Ormond-street; JIadame de Stacl, in Argyll-street, otf
Regent-street; Daniel O'Connell, iu I'.ury-street ; Shelley,
in Ilaus-plaee, Sloane-street; Cra'ube, in Bury-street;
,Sir Walter Scott, in Whitehorse-street, PiccadUly, and
in Sussex-place, Regent's - Park. Butler, author of
Hudibras, died in Rose-street, Covent-gardeu ; Bisliop
Burnet in St. Jolin's-square, Clerkenv/eU; ihe Earl ot
ChesterHeld, in Chesterfield House, May Fair; R. liim.^Jey
Sheridan, in _SafiUe-rcw, Burlinglon-cjardens; Addison,
in Holland llou.-.e, K;nsijigton; Dryden, in Gerard-
streel, Soho; Golds'mitt, in Brick-court, Tem)-I'^; Bos-
well, in Great Portland-.-itreet; .Sterne, in 0)d Bond-
street; Flaxn-Lfln, in Buckingliamstreet, I'itzroy-squiire ;
Chantrey, i.n Eccleston-strt-.t, rin>lic-o; Sir TDonia,?
Lawrence, Ja Eusseil-snuare; Stolhari, in Nj\\'n\aii-
street, off Oxford-street;" Vatjdyck, iu Bhickfriars; Sir
Astlcy Cooptv, in New-sireet, Spri:ig-g;U'deuK ; Dr.
Badlie, in C^vendisb-S'^uare; Ahernethy, iu Bedford-
row; Sir Samuel Roiu'lly, in Itu.ssfc!! square; Sydiiey
Smith, ill Green - street, Grosvenor-square; General
Paoli, near Edgware-road; CarJ. iTaii.t von ^V'eber, iu
Upiier Portlar.d-strett.
fojwjroph ■ — The .site of the metropolis U chiefly low
ground, along both sides of the Tl;.<iiies, between the
high grounds of Middlesex: on the X, and the hills of
Surrey and Kent on the S, It includes swells and gentle
rising.ground.s, but is mostly flat or very little dive7-s.ified ;
and,"except in the outermost suburbs, was all, at a oom-
paratircly recent geological period, covered by sea, or by
wide-si)read estuary. Tht principal part of it, on the S
side, lies fron. 2 feet below high-water mark to 22 feet
above; on the N side, n.se.-s from 2 to CiO feet above. A
portion on the S side is protected front inundation by
artificial enjbankmeats; and a cons'.dera'ole area thero
consists of an allu\-ial forjnation, wliich extends tlience
in a )iarrow belt down to Sheppey isle, and overlaps ihc
N b.viik down to Tilburi'-fort. The rest of thj are.i, on
both sides, consists of the lower eocene foimation called
Loniion clav, v;hich is a-ssociateJ with plastic clay, iho
Woolwich beLl-,, and the Thanet sand. I'liis formaiiou
extends southward to Croydon; northward to the riciuity
of W,;i-c; wc.st^vard to tlie neighbomliootl of Hunger/ord;
caslwtrd, on fue 3 sids of the river, beyond Heme bay;
and cast-north-eastvraid, across all Kusex, and into iha
holders of BntTolk. It ha^; been found to contain about
four hundred species of shells, aud fifty species of ijsli; )l.
includes, injnediately ui-.derthe metropolis, great dibivial
deposits, which chronicle va.5t ac;ion of deluge-waters,
aud contain lones of the hippopotamus, tho rhinoceros,
and the chqphaut; and n there ove.'-jie.-' beds of sand, re-
servoirs of pure crater, trickling or liowitig into it from
the circumjacent higher strata, atd T,-ielding, throu;.;li
artesian wells, a daily supply of »boui twelve )nilliun
gallons of wj.ter, llie siu-face, before being worked ov
altered by man, must have been nearly all marsh o)
jun^de-forest. Ta& appearance of it, in the early ))eriod3
of ttie City, cottld not have been pheasant; and the char-
acter of it" WiW such as evidently required much and pro-
longed labour to bring it into fair condition. Tlie ap-
pearance of it now, either in the edili^ed areas or in tiie
open environs, presents little or no lemains of its ancient,
state. The vciy olevatioji of the City- proper, or at lea^;t
of the older portions of it, has been raised to the aggre-
gate of from 15 to 20 feet. Rubbish accumulated on tbo
pristine thoroughfares: debris accunnilati-d from crumb-
ling edifices: successive foundations, on the space of pre-
vious ones, were laid at the higher ievcl of tlie raised
surface; and theoiiginal .floor of the City, or the floor of
it in the Roman times, came gradually to be buried from
15 to 20 feet below the p.ivemcut of th-: present streets.
The swamps in tho NE, over Tiloorflelds and elsewliere,
were drained and consolidated during tlie periotls of pro-
gress which followed the Restoration; aiid swamps in the
W, such as that now covered by the g:-and .suburb of Bel-
gravia, were ch-ained and consolidated after the commeuce-
iient of the present century. The metropolis, not only
as to its buildings, but likewise as to its site, has an en-
tirely new face, and exhibits one of the most v.'onderful
transformations by art ever seen on the Earth's sutfaec
The tracts on the X side of the Thames, from the
eastern extremity to the vicinity of the I'ower, iiv.d thence
to the X, are in general Hat, and ):e CAi/'oetl to easterly
winds. TJie tracts from the vicinity of tho Tower to Ihe
vicinity of Tothill-fielis, and thence ico the N, rise in a sort
of slightly amphitheatrieal form, and are protected from
uortheviy" winds by lising-gioimds ibout Highbury and
LOXDOX.
153
LOXDOX.
Isliiyt '2, a.n'l l..y the hills of Highgate and Hampitcad.
The chi^C sv. •-•11 w-ithin the City rises toivanla St. Paul's
chiirchyan.1; auJ eveu that, at the base of St. Paul's ca-
the-lnii^ h.is a hc>ijht of ouly 52 feet above hi.c;h-water-
mark. The groucl rises to the NW toward Islingtou;
aud attains, at du X side of the aqueduct over the Ke-
genl's o-anal, a h'-:ght of 102 ^ feet. Fine hills, with
charmir: J \"ie\vs, diversify the X and NW suburbs, about
Hornj^y, Highirate, and Uampstead; and those, at the
last of these jilaces, have an altitude of about 400 feet,
ilost of WesttniiLSter, except the site of the abbey and
J art o: Horsefcrry-roaJ, lies very slightly above high-
watcr-niark. Great George-street, opposite the S end of
King-street, lies 54 feet auove; the X end of Northum-
Iv^rland-srreet, Strand, 19^ feet; Esse.x-street, 27 feet;
Wcllington-strfrt;t, Strcnil, 35^ feet; St. James'-street,
4oi j'ee:; the S part of Scratford-place, 59| feet; the N
part of Dnirj-laae, 65 f^et; Gloucester-place, 70 feet;
pi'.rt of Kegent-street, 76 feet; the centre of Kegent-
circus, 771: feet; Clevelaud-sti-cet, SOJ feet. The tracts
on the S side of the Thames, with few exceptions, are
low and liat ; bet they merge into the pleasant suburbs
and environs around Blaokhcath and Denmark -hill, and
towdn.1 Wimbledon and Eickmond. The mean teniper-
atuie raci^irs between a-i average of 36° in January and
an avera^i of 63" in July. The mean fall of rain is from
23 to 2 4 Inches.
The metropoU.-, as defined by the Kcgistrar-General,
comprlies 32,455 acres in Middlesex, 22,951 in Surrey,
and 22,501 in Kent; extends from Highgate toStrcatham
and Syd^:nham, and from Plumstead to Hammersmith;
and tn."e;i.?ares al-3ut 11 ruUes from N to S, and 14 from
Z to W. But the strictly compact portions probably do
not occupy ab.>ve half of this area; wliOe considerable
suburco, or places which might be justly reckoned sub-
urbs, extend far beyond it. The metropolis, as defined
by the Local ^[anagenleat Act of 1855, or as within the
scoj>e 01 the Metropolitan Ruai'd of AVorks, difl'ei-s from
that r.3 deliaed by the Kegistrar-General, only in ex-
cluliiig the hamlet of Penge. The police bounds are
luuch more e.xtcusive; they comprise, inclusive of the
City-proper, which ha.s a separate police establishment of
its q-.^'h, 439,770 acres; and they include all Middlesex,
and as many parishes of Surrey, Kent, Essex, aud Herts,
as lie within from 12 to 15 miles in a straight liue of Char-
ing-crois. The included parishes of Surrey, beyond
the rec;i5tration boundaries, are Addington, Ban.stead,
Barnes, Bed'liiigtou, Carshalton, Cheain, Chessington,
Couls-loa, Croydon, Cuddington, East Jloulsey, Epsom,
Ewell, Farley, Ham-with-Hatch, Hook, Kcw, Kingstuu-
nf)0!i-Tha:ne"s, Long Ditton, Maiden, ilerton, Mitcham,
Morden, ilortlake, Petei-sham, Richmond, Sauderetead,
Sutton, Thames-Ditton, WaUington, Warlingham, West
MouU.?y, Wimbledon, and Woodmansterne ; those in
Kent a,'8 Beckeaham, Hexley, Bromley, Chislehurst,
CrasTbr-l, Do.va, East Wickbam, Eritli, Farnborough,
Foots-C.^ay, Hayes, Keston, Xorth Cray, Orpington, St.
Mary Cray, St. Paul Cray, and West Wickham; those in
Essr-x are Barking, ChigweU, Chingford, Dagenham,
East Ham, Little" Hford, Loughton, Low Leightou,
Walti;.i:n-Abb;-y, Walthamstow, Wanste.id, West Ham,
and Wofrlford; and those in Herts are Aideiiliam, Bus-
hey, CLr^hunt, Cliipping-Barnet, East Barnct, Elstree,
Konkam, PvidgH, Shenley, and Totteridge.
Th^ divisions of the metropolis for the registration of
marriages, biniiS, and deailis, aud for the administration
of the [wor-law, cut it into twenty-five districts in JMid-
dlej-'x, nine iL SuiTey, and two in Kent. The Middle-
s«?x iLiitricts are classiiied into East, Central, X'orth, aud
West. The East districts are Shoreditch, Bothnal-Urocn,
Vrhit-.chapel, St George-in-thc-East, Stepney, Mile-End-
OM-T'jivn, and Pojilar; the Central districts are East
Loudon, Loudon City, West Loudon, St. Luke, Clerken-
well, U jlboro, St. Giles, and Strand; the Xorth districts
are Hacknr.-, Islington, Pauci-as, Hampstcad, aud Mary-
lo!x)ne; and" the West districts are St. Martin-in-thc-
Field-s, Westminster, St. James-We.stminster, St. Georgo-
H.;nover Square, Kensington, and Cliidsea. The Surrey
diMriots are Kotherhithc, Bermondsey, St. Saviour-
Southwark, St. 01ave-South\\ark, St. GeorgeSoutliwarl:,
Xewingtou, A^andswortli, Caniberwell, and Lambeth.
And the Kent districts arc Greenwich and Lewishani. —
The divisions under the Local Management Act, or for
the Administration of the Board of A\'orks, cut tha
metropolis into thirty-eight .sections. One of these is
the City-proper, which sends three deputies to the
Board; and the others consist severally of either one
large parish or a group of mutually contiguous parishes,
and send each either one or two deputies to tlie Board.—
The divisions for parliamentary repiesentation e.xclude
considerable portions of the metropolis as defined by the
Registrar-General, and cut the rest into the sections of
the City-proper, Westminster, Tower Hamlets, Finsbuiy,
aud Marylebone in iliddlesex; aud those of Southwark
and I^ambeth in Surrey. The City-proper, Westmiiister,
aud Southwark, ha\'e sent representatives to parliament
from early times; but the other four sections acquired
their franchise by the reform bill in 1S32. The City
sends four rajnibers to parliament; and each of the other
sections sends two.
The social divisions, or those which arise fiorn the oc-
cupations and rank of the people, are not marked by
definite boundaries, and sometimes blend into one an-
other or have capricious overlappings; yet they exhibit
as distinctive characters as if they stood hundreds of
miles asunder. The section on ihe N bank of the Thames,
from the eastern extremity to the vicinity of the Towel,
is crowded with wharfs, docks, ship-building yards,
manufactories, and warehouses; and inhabited by dock-
mechanics, lightermen, sailors, labourers, slop-sellers,
and dealers in marine stores. 'The section X of this, in-
cluding Spitalfields, fJethnal-Green, aud pait of Shore-
ditch, is crowded with the dwellings of silk-weavers.
The City-proper is the main seat of commercial transac-
tions; ranges, in character, from the business of the
wharves and the custom-house at the river, through that
of the Banks and the Exchange at the centre, to that of
all sorts of merchants in the radiating streets; and, over
much of its extent, presents the strange alternating spec-
tacle of a loud strong whirl of men aud vehicles during
business hours, and of almost complete silence and soli-
tude at other times. Clerkenwell, immediately XW of
the City, is densely peopled \rith the class of well-skilled
aud well-paid artisans. I.^lington, to the X of Clerken-
well, is inhabited mainly by the various grades of the
middle cla.sses. The Bloouisbury and Bedford square
region, to the SW of ClerkenwcU, is occupied chielly by
lawyers and merchants; and, prior to the great migration
toward the West about 1S2S, was a fashionable quarter.
The Covent-gardeu and Strand region, to the S of tliis,
is, in large degree, occupied by shops and lodging-
houses. 'The Leicester-square region, to the W of tho
jjreceding, is noted for the residence of foreigners. The
Regent's Park region, extending northward from Oxford-
street to Cainden-Town and Somers-Town, was once all
fashionable ; retains a considerable dash of its quondam
character; and is largely and rapidly merging into tin
occupancy of the middle classes. The Hyde Park region,
with Tyburnia on the X and Bolgravia on the S, is now
the fasluonable quarter, and mainly a blaze of magnifi-
cence. Westminster-proper, adjoining the SE side of
Belgravia, was anciently the scat of the royal court, but
has sunk most deeply in the social scale, and is largely
overrun by penury aud disease. Brompton, adjoining
the opposite side of Belgravia, is, in great degree, the re-
treat of wealtliy invalids. The portions of the Surrey
side nearest to the river are, to a great extent, seats of
manufacture, with namerous pottery, glass, engineering,
and chemical works; hut the portions further olf and
toward the outskirts rise in amenity, and are largely oc-
cupied by the middle classes and by opulent merchants.
Temple Bar is the recognised or conventional point of
separation between the E and the W, — between the
scenes of trailo and the si-eues of luxury; and, at tho
same time, marks tho boundaiy between the City aud
Wcotniinstcr. Chariug-cross is the focus of cabs, and
one of the great foci of railway communication; and al.-'j
is the topographical centre of the great iiK'troi>')litau
u
LONDON.
154
LONDON.
police territory. Shoreditch, Spitalfields, Bethnal-
Green, Hackney, Stoke-Newington, Islington, Charing,
Paddington, Kensington, Chelsea, Lambeth, and Clap-
ham all were originally villages or manors, situated in
the counlry, at marked distances from London. Dense
portions to the E and the N of the City, and within the
City itself, are almost a labyrinth to strangers. The
streets there, to a vast amount, are short, bent, and nar-
row, diverging at all angles, and running in all direc-
tions; and, to say nothing of their disagreeableness or
repulsiveness, can be kno\vn to few persons except natives
or settlers. Even the comparatively modem sections,
such as Clerkenwell and Islington, though they have
streets much better arranged, often in straight Hues or at
ri<Tht angles, have few of considerable length or airiness.
The very streets around the boundary-line between the
City and Westminster, bounded on the N by Holborn,
and on the S by Fleet-street and Strand, form somewhat
of a puzzle. A stranger, far from being unfamiliar with
large towns, and after carefnlly consulting a map, has en-
tered one of these streets from Strand with the view of tak-
ing the shortest course to Holborn; has begun, after a time,
to think the distance unexpectedly long; and has ended
by emerging on a broad thoroughfare which he felt con-
fident to be Holborn but which proved to be the Strand.
Some of Westminster itself is little else than a maze of
short sti-eets and alleys. But most of the W of the me-
tropolis, with these exceptions, is well aligned, -with
straight streets, mostly connected at right angles; and
all the newest portions of it, as well as mauy of the less
new, have some long wide thoroughfares, many spacious
streets, and a considerable aggregate of squares, parks,
or other open places, to act as lungs in the capital's vital-
ity. One of the longest single streets in the West bear-
ing one name is O.xford-street, which is fully ) j mile
long. No one thoroughfare, on a straight line, goes from
end to end or from side to side of the metropolis; nor
does any such go from end to end or from side to side
even of the City. The main thoroughfares, as compared
with the main mass of either the entire metropolis or
London-proper, are few; and the crowdedly-frequented
•ones bear successions of names, and run in somewhat
sinuous lines. The chief one from end to end commences
in the E at the Grove; goes west-south-westward, but
not in strictly straight line, under the names of MQe-
End-road, Mile-End, Whitechapel-road, and White-
chapel-High-street, and Aldgate-High-street, to an acute
angle at the junction of Leadenhall-street and Fenchurch-
street; proceeds thence, a little south of westward, under
the names of LeadenhaU-street and Comhill, to the front
of the Bank of England; goes thence, a little to the north
of westward, under the names of Poultry and Cheapside,
to the N end of St. Paul's churchyard; proceeds west-
south-westward, through the churchyard, to the head of
Ludgate-hill; goes in a curve from the direction of W
by N to that of WSW, under the names of Ludgate-hiU
and Fleet-street, to Temple Bar; proceeds in the direc-
tion of SW by W, under the names of Strand and West
Strand, to Charing-cross; curves there, and goes west-
north-westward, under the name of Cock spur- street, to
Pail-Mall; proceeds north-north-westward, along either
Haymarket or Regent-street, to Piccadilly; goes west-
south-westward, along Piccadilly, to Hyde-Park comer;
and proceeds thence, nearly westward, along Knights-
bridge and Kensington-Gore, to a curving outlet through
Kensington. A main line through much of the E,
commences about \ of a mile N of the Thames, and nearly
a mile S of the Grove; goes upwards of li mile, in the
direction of W by N, under the name of Commercial-
road; and makes a junction of about 200 yards in length,
north-north-westward, with the great main line at White-
chapel-High-street. A main line within the City com-
mences at the Tower; goes west-north-westward, under
the names of Great Tower-street, Eastcheap, Cannon-
street, and West Cannon-street, to the SE comer of St.
Paul's churchyard; has a curve at Eastcheap, but other-
wise is not far from parallel with the Comhill, PoultT7,
and Cheap5i(le line; and nins, through the S side of St.
Paul's clmrchyird, into line with Ludgate-hill and Fleet-
street. A main lino through the W portion of the City,
and thence to the W .suburl'-, commences by slight de-
flection from the W end of Cheapside; goes in the direc-
tion of NW by W, imder the names of Newgate-street
and Skinner-street, to an intersection ■nith the thorough-
fare northward i'roin Blackfriars bridge; proceeds thence
in a gentle curve, from the direction of WN W to that of
W by S, under the names of Holbom-hiU, Holborn, and
High Holborn, to a bend of the last toward Broad-street;
takes there the name of 0.\;ford -street; and pioceeds,
under that name, and afterwards under the name of
Uxbridge-road, west-south-westward, to an outlet at
Kensington-terrace. . One main line from the northern
suburbs goes somewhat sinuously, first southward, next
south-south-westward, under the names of Kingsland-
road, Shoreditch, Norton-Falgate, Bishopsgate-strect,
Gracechurch-street, and King William-street, to Lon-
don bridge; another goes from Pentonville, first south-
eastward under the name of the City-road, —next south-
south-eastward, under the same name, — next nearly
southward under the names of Artillery-place, Finsbury-
square, Finsbury - place, and Moorgate - street, — next
south-eastward, under the names of Princo's-street and
King WOliam-street, — and thence southward, under the
n.ame of King William-street, to London bridge; an-
other, starting from the same point, goes chiefly south-
south-eastward, but with curves and deviations, under the
names of Owen's-place, Alfred-place, Goswell-street, Al-
dersgate-street, and St. 3Iartins-le-Grand, to the N end
of St. Paul's churchyard; another, leaving Pentonville, at
a point nearly 4 a mile further W, goes bendingly south-
ward, south-eastward, south-south-eastward, and south-
ward, under the names of Bagnigge- Wells-road, Guilford-
]ilace. Coppice row, Victoria-street, Faringdon-street, and
Bridge-street, to Blackfriars bridge; another, commenc-
ing at King's-cross, goes south-south-eastward, under
the names of Constitution-row, Gray's-Inn-road, Gray's-
Inn-terrace, and Groy's-lnn-lane, to Holborn; another,
commencing at Camden-Town, goes first southward
under the name of Hampstead - road, then south-
south-eastward, under the name of Totteuham-Court-
road, to the E part of Oxford-street ; another, commenc-
ing at Park-crescent near Regent's park, goes chiefly
south-south-eastward, under the names of Portland-
place, Langham-place, and Regent-street, to Pall-MaU,
but makes curves in Langham-place and at the Quadrant ;
and another, proceeding from the extreme NW suburbs,
and bearing the name of Edgeware-road, goes south-east-
ward to the W end of Oxford-street, at the Cumberland-
gate of Hyde-park. Six main thoroughfares, on the S
side of the river, go from six of the bridges to a conver-
gence at the tavern known as the Elephant and Castle,
situated about a mile more or less from each of the
bridges; and three diverge thence, in ditferent directions,
toward Kent, Camberwell, and Kennington.
The total of streets, supposing them all arranged in
one line, would extend upwards of 3,C00 miles ; but, in
consequence of the naiTO^vness and packedness of most of
them, they occupy remarkably small space. The parks,
the squares, and the other open places, especially those in
the West and in the suburbs, occupy comparatively a
larger area. The parks are the Victoria, at Bethnal-
Green, about 300 acres; the Regent's, at the New-road,
450 acres; St. James' and the Green park, behind White-
hall, about 90 and 60 acres; Hyde park, 3SS acres; Ken-
sington-gardens, .356 acres; Battersea park, about 2 miles
long; Alexandra park, at the northern outlets, formed
in 1864, with an Exhibition building of later ye.ars;
Southwark park, at Rotherhithe, formed in 1865-70;
Finsbury park, formed in 18C4-70; and Peckham
Rve giounils, purchased by Camberwell parish in
1S08. Other great open spaces of park-like character,
in the suburbs and outskirts, are Primrose-hill, Hamp-
stead-healh, Blackheath, Woolwich-common, Cireenwioh
park, and Plunistead-heath. The chief squares and
other open places, within and near the- Cit>', are Tri-
nity-square, Finsbury -circu.s, Finsbury - square. Artil-
lery-ground, Smithfield, Bartholomew-close, Charter-
house - square, Falkland - square, Bridgewater - square.
LONDON.
155
LONDON.
Temple-cr^rJcn'. Grays-Inn-ganlens, aiul Lincolns-Inn-
liel'ib; in \Ve>tr.im>ler, ^xilio, Golden, Leicester, Tratiil-
gar, St. Jam?s', Hanover, Berkeley, and Grosvenor-
s-iuares ; in Stepm-y, Arbour-siinare, Albert - siiunrf,
■iork-Muare, ana >Stepney-green ; at Mile-End, heau-
tQont, "frafals^r, and Tredegar squares; at Whitechapel,
GoximaiLi-fields, Haydon-s<|uare, AVellclose-squarc, and
Prinre's-square; in the NE and N, Bethnal -green,
C"Ia; ton-s-juare, De Beaavoir-5<iuare, Hoxton- square,
and t:oke-Newington-green ; in Islington, Highbury-
crescent, Islington -green, and Bamsbury, Thornhill,
Lon5<J.ile, Cloudesley, Jlilner, Gibson, ami Canonbury
s<n;ares; in CkrkenweU, Holford, Myddelton, Clare-
niont, Wilmington, Granville, Lloyd, Northampton,
King's, and Bartholomew-squares; in Bloomsbury, Ked
Lion, Bloomsbury, Russell, Torrington, Woburn, and
Bedfcni- squares; in Marylebone, Blandford, Harewood,
Ilorset, Montag;ie, Bryanston, Portnian, Manchester,
and Caveadish-squares ; in St. Pancras, Euston, Tavis-
tock, Harrington, Clarendon, Clarence, York, Fitzroy,
Argjle, Gordon, Oakley, Eegent, Brunswick, and Meck-
lenbiirgh -squares ; in Paddington, Sussex, Gloucester,
Connaaght, Oxford, and Cambridge-squares; in Kensing-
ton, Kensington-square; in Brompton, Montpellier,
Trevor, Lowndes, and Cadogan-squares ; in Belgravia,
Eatop, Chester, Ebury, Eccleston, Warwick, and St.
Georg^'s-squares; in Chelsea, Sloan, Trafalgar, and Oak-
Iey-s-jtxar«s; in Lambeth, St. ilary and West squares;
iu Kennington, Prince's-square, Kennington-park, and
Kennington-oval; in Sou thwark. Nelson -square; in New-
ington. Trinity, Surrey, and Grosvenor-squares, the
Newington orchard and gardens, and the Surrey zoologi-
cal Eardens; in Cambenvell, Addington-square.
ilany of the present name? of streets and other local-
ities are corruptions of ancient names. Dowgate was
anciently or properly Dwrgate or Dourgate, signifying
■water-gate, ilincing-lane was Mincheon-lane, named
froti property of the Mincheons, or nuns of St. HelSn,
whose convent stood in Bishopsgate. Gutter-lane was
Gnthurim's-lane, named from its first owner, a wealthy
citizen. Finch-lane was Finke's-lane, named from a
family who o'.med it or resided in it. Billiter-lane was
Belz^tter's-lar.e, named from its first builder or owner.
Blackball -hall was Bakewell's-hall, named from one
Thomas BakeweLL Crutched-friars was Cross-friars or
Crosseii-niars, named from a monastery founded in 1298.
Bridewell was St. Bridget's-well, from a spring dedicated
to Sl. Bride or Bridget. Greek-street was Grig-street,
named either from the little vivacious eel, or from the
merry character of the original inhabitants. Lad-lane
was LaJy's-laae, named from some image or oratory of
th'i Virgin Mary. Holbom was Old Bourne, named
from a "bonme," bum, or rivulet which ran through it.
Smiihneld was Sraoothtield, named from the flatness of
the place as an open public ground. Cree-church was
Christ-church. Bloomsbury was Lomsbury. Duck-
street was Duke-lane. Tripe-court was Stripe's-court.
Nighrlngale-lane was Rnightenguild-laue. Mark-lane
was 3Iart-lane. Snow-hill was Snore-hill. Channel-
row was Canon-row. Deadman's-place was Desmond's-
plaoe. Cannon-street w;is Candlewick-street. Tooley-
streel was Sr. Olave-street. Fetter-lane was Fewtor-
la;ie, nam?d from "fewtors," faitowrs, or defaulters who
haunted it. Marylebone was Slary - on - the - Bourne,
cjmed from a church on a boame or rivulet.
Slruciure. — The walls around the ancient City, though
they did not prevent the erection of suburbs, or curb
their extension, or control their form, had a strong,
stringent, permanent cirtrt on the City itself. They
es2/-tly deLnfd its limit?; they restricted its proper
growth entirely to its own area; they compelled its increase
of house accommodation to pre.ss inward and upward;
they occasioned it, wh'-n it became very pojiulous, to have
narrow streets and lolty houses; they luade it, like all
o:h:r ohi, great, growing w.-..llf-d town's, a densely packed
mass of human aVio les. Ih.py were restored, rebuilt,
a:;d somewhat extended at dillerrnt yieriods, particularly
in the times of Alfred and Henry IIL; but tliey never
euclo^cl a larger space tlmn 373 acres. The present
reckoning of the City within the walls, indeed, assigns
to it 42S"acres; but this includes 55 acres of walcr in tlie
Thames. Gates pierced the wnlls on the lines of the
piincipal thoroughfares; and, in some instances, were
surmounted or overhung by public buLl<lings. Postern-
gate stood on Tower-hill, and communicated with the
Tower. Aldgate was originally Roman, was rebuilt so
late as 1601, and was taken down in 1701. Bi^hopsgate
was restored or rebuilt before 6S5; was rebuilt so late
as 1731; was taken down in 1760; and occupied a site
which is still indicated on masonry near Wormwood,
street. Cripplegate also was taken down in 1760.
Moorgate led into Moorfields; was built in 1115, and
rebuilt iu 1472; and was taken down in 1672. Alders-
gate was originally Pioman; was rebuilt in 1617 and in
1670; and was taken down in .1761. Newgate stood
near the present Newgate prison; was itself surmounted
by a prison for felons; was restored in 1422, in 1631, and
in 1672; and was taken down in 1760-61. Ludgate was
originally Roman; was rebuilt in 1215 and in 15S6; was
surmounted by a prison for debtors, built by Richard II.,
and enlarged in 1454 hy Dame Forster ; was eventually
adorned with a statue of Elizabeth; and was taken down
in 1761-2, when the statue of Elizabeth was removed to
a niche in St. Dunstan's. Dowgate stood originally' at
the mouth of the Walbrook rivulet; was rebuilt on an
adjoining site ; and communicated with a ferry over the
Thames. A band of the suburbs immediately outside of
the walls came under the City's jurisdiction, and was sub-
ject to its tolls; and the bounds of this, on the lines of
the great thoroughfares, were marked by bars, such as
Whitechapel, Smithfield, and Temple bars. The last of
these is the only bar now standing ; was originally a
timber gate ; wrs reconstructed of stone, by Wren, in
1670-2; has statues of Elizabeth, James L, Charles I.,
and Charles II. ; was the place of the hidootis exposure
of the heads of the chief persons executed on account of
the rebellion in 1745; and is ceremonially shut and
opened on occasion of a state progress of the sovereign to
the City.
The greater part of the City-proper, of the sections to
the E of it, of the sections to the N, of the sections on
the S side of the river, and even of some sections to the
W, has a mean, dingy, brick-built appearance. The
houses are usually three or four stories high; they pre-
sent fronts of the plainest kind, often mere weather-worn
brick, sometimes inelegant daubings of plaster and stucco;
they are numerously cut into mere .slips of building, dis-
posed in dwellings of only two small rooms on the floor;
and they swami with a crowded and seething mass of
human beings. The sanitary conditions are far from
favourable: and the vital features are too prevailingly
squalor, disease, and vice. Nor is the metropolis, as a
whole, quite redeemed in aspect by consideration of the
airiness, wealth, and splendour of the West end and of
the best suburhs. The veiy public buildings, though
aggregately magnificent and most imposing in themselves,
rather shame the general mass of masonry than set it off,
or figure more as contrasts to it than as aggrandizing ele-
ments. Strangers used to admire London as compared
with the great cities of the Continent; but they did sochietly
under the dazzling ctfect of its magnitude, its business
activity, and its stores of wealth. Von Raumer, fur
example, says "The City is really immense; aud, though
there may be no jioint of view so rich aud varied as the
Pont des Arts in Paris, or the Linden in Berlin, we are
continually presented with new rows and masses of
houses, palaces, shops, &c. " " Extent and quantity
alone, indeed, are certainly no standard of value and ex-
cellence, either in state, arts, or science; yet lifre quiiu-
tity, which surpasses all the capitals of Europe, nay, of
the world itself, is extremely remarkable and iniposin:;.
To this nuist be added that, in London, quantity is ob-
viously associated with quality; for wealth is evidently
flowing from tlie most varied activity, which claims the
utmoit exertions both of body and mind to survey and to
comprehend." "In Paris things ap]>c:ir, at first sight,
more spleniliil, elegant, ingenious, and attractive than iu
London; but that impiession is, to the one made hero.
LONDON.
156
LONDON.
as a sliadow to the suljstince, as the shiaing platej-ware
tothe genuine metal, which, in consciou.-^ness of its in-
trinsic value, neecb no washing and polishing. Here,
behind the dark walls, there is far more wealth, — perhaps,
too, indifierence to all the petty arts by which the less
wealthy endeavours to diffuse arotrnd him the appear-
ance of elegance, opulence, and taste. The noise and
bustle in the streets, too, is altogether of a different
chai-acter. In London, it is ever the cry of activity; in
Paris, of obtruding and assuming vanity; in Naples,
generally, that of idleness; in Berlin, that of little chil-
dren." But foreign visitors have latterly changed their
tone. Intelligent Englishmen also, who have seen the
great cities of the Continent, even intelligent Londoners
themselves, who have seen these cities, are not so proud
of the English capital as they used to be. AVMle some
of the great Continental cities, particularly Paris, have
been making vast advances in architectural improvement,
London has, to a great extent, either remained stationary,
or been undergoing changes mixedly good and bad.
"WliOe Palis has been mainly putting on a beautiful new
garment, London has been here patcliing brilliant strips
on the old garment and there rending it into rags. And
since Paris has assumed her new aspect, with her well-
clad working-classes, her finely reconstructed streets, her
splendid houses, her rows of palaces, and her magnificent
new boulevards, a genei-al cry has arisen that she is a
standing reproach to London. Some partial apologists,
indeed, have said that Pari^, after all, is only a gilded
sty; but other less partial persons have retorted that, by
the same rule, London is a sty without the gUdlng.
Yet the architecture of very much of London is either
convenient, curious, pleasing, or omamentaL The cause-
ways and the pavements are excellent. The lines of
booses, in all the business-streets, stand close upon the
pavements ; so that the thoroughfares there are not im-
peded by sunk areas or railings. The quondam mansions
of the great old merchants within the City, though now
converted into counting-houses and waiehouses, and
though sometimes situated In retired and gloomy courts,
still display features of almost palatial grandeur.' ilulti-
tudes of houses, both in the City and in the old suburbs,
exhibit the styles which prevailed between 1666 and 1750.
"Well-buOt houses, in well-arranged streets and stjuares,
erected between 1790 and ISIO, characteiize the Blooms-
bury region and some other parts. Palatial-looking
houses, in spacious streets and noble squares, erected
from 1826 till the present tune, fill Belgravia, Tybmnia,
and some other parts of the West. But picture.squeness
or beauty, except for public buildings and for some re-
cent reconstructions, is utterly wanting in the old parts;
and variety or striking feature is nearly as much wanting
in the new. Kcgularity and largeness, rather than any
artistic excellence, characterize even the best portions of
the West end; and so extreme is the regularity that the
eye becomes tired and bewildered with the endless re-
petitions of " compo " decorations. The great breaks
made by the squares and parks, however, atford a very
grand relief. A remark made by Von IJaumer, true in
his time, is much truer now. ''A great and pecidiar
beauty of London," he said, " are its many squares. They
are not, as in Berlin, abandoned to pedlars and soldiers,
horse-breakers and post-boys; but the large open space is
left free for passengers, and the inner part is enclosed
with light iron-railings, and the bright green sward laid
out with walks, and planted with shrubs. The squares
are exceeded only by the parks. Regent's-park alone,
with its terraces and palaces, is of the utmost extent and
magnificence; and the 'nil admirari ' can be practised
here only by the most senseless stockfish. "
The course of the Thames through the capital, also,
discloses very interesting views. It, indeed, has draw-
backs, is of mixed character, presents spots and reaches
far from agi'ceable; but it, nevertheless, abounds mth
the picturesque. A sail on the stream, from Chelsea down
to the Tower, was striking in the times of William and
Mary; and is much more striking now. The series of
Dridges, so different from one another, yet all so interest-
ing,— the gate of York House, — the Adelphi-terrace, —
the fa9ade of Somerset House, — the Tern file -gardens, —
the grove of spires and the dome of St. Paul s, soarijig
above the houses,— the stir of all sorts of small craft on
the river's bosom all above London bridge, — the crowd
of ships, with the square and massive structures of the.
Tower below, — and the countless diversity of objects and
groupings over the entire distance, have long been in-
teresting features; and the new houses of parliament,
standing; in strong contrast to the opposite palace of
Lambeth, form a verj- grand recent addition. One com-
prehensive and momentous feature, however, was a-want-
Ing. The terrace-form of street-line, which f'ives such
superb elTect to the banks of the Liffey through Dubliu
and to those of the Clyde through Glasgow, was not on
the Thames through London. But something like this,
m the shape of great artificial embankmentsf over con-
siderable parts of the distance, was originated in 1S63,
and was approaching completion in the early part of 1S69!
The ijrincipal embankment is on the N side; commences
in a junction with a previously formed embaukment for
the houses of parliament: e.'itends, in a slightly curved
line, to the northern brick pier of the quondam Hunger-
ford bridge; goes thence to the first pier of Waterloo
bridge; ceases to have a solid form at the eastern side of
Temple-gardens; proceeds upon columns, to the level of
Chatham-place, at Blackfriar's Bridge; consists, through-
out its solid portions, of a front wall of masoniy strength-
ened by counterforts, a backing of brick work, aiKl a
bedding or packing of ballast; has, at regulated intervals,
substantial and ornate landing piers for steamboats; is
traversed, from end to end, by a road 100 feet wide, dis-
posed in a carriage way 70 feet wide, and two path-ways
each 15 feel wide; includes, inward from the road, over
most of the distance, a further width of from 100 to 3-30
feet, which may probably be all occupied with ornamental
edifices; communicates with the old thoroughfares throuch
new streets and new approaches; and was estimated to
cost, inclusive of the approaches, £1,973,510. One of
the approaches is acrescent to the foot of Norfolk, Surrey,
and Arundel streets, in the Strand; another is a new
street from the vicinity of Northumberland wharf to
WelUngton-street, with prolongation to Whitehall-place;
others are radiations from that'street to Cecil, .Salisbuiy,
Buckingham, and VUliers streets ; and another is a street
from the embankment road, through Whitehall -stairs
and Whitehall -yard, to AMiitehall, opposite the Horse
Guards. Another feattire of the embankment is a " sub-
way" alon" its entire length, for the gas and water
pipes; anotner is the plantmg of it with trees, begun in
Jan. 1S69; and another is an underground i"allway,
distant about 250 feet from its frontage wall at Eichmond-
terrace. If 0 feet at Charlng-cross railway bridge, about
50 feet at Waterloo -bridge, about 270 at tiie Temple, anil
leaving the embaukment at Bridewell-wharf. A second
embankment, of sinular character, is on the S side, along
Lambeth; extends from Westminster-bridge to Vaushall;
was advanced to fully one half extent in 1S69; was then
in course of being flanked, by the long fine suite of
buildings for St. Thomas' hospital, noticed in our article
LAilBETH; and was estimated to cost £909,000. A third
embankment was about to be commenced in 1869 at
Chelsea, and was estimated to cost £206,000.
The forming of some new streets in the old parts of the
metropolis, and the altering of some levels, lanes, and
streets there, with the view of improving the communi-
cations, ^vere in progress during a series of years tUl the
end of 1869, and are still going forward. One great series
of these works makes sweeping alterations In the Hol-
bom valley and places adjacent; and is noticed in our
article Holbokx. Another work is a short street fron*
King-street, Covent -garden, to the end of St. Martin's
lane, fonned by the demolition of houses which wero
pmchased for £92,819. Another is a new street from
Blackfriars to Southwark, called the Westminster and
Southwai'k communication, fonned by demolition of very
many houses, and estimated to cost £596,706. Another
b a new approach to Victoria park, more a work of amen-
ity in the outskirts than one of improvement in the in-
terior, estimated to cost £4-3,430. Another is a new
LONDON.
157
LONDON.
stiwt, in connexioa vrith the Thames embankment, from
B'.ackfriars to the Mansion house; commenced, by de-
molitions and clearances, in 1867; formally opened, as a
thoroughfare, in Oct. lSt39; estimated to have cost
£1, "299,260; and likely to require many years for being
nil edificed. Another is Commercial-street, from the Lon-
don docks to the Great Eastern railway, completed in
1562. Another is a tubular bridge across the Limehouse
cut of the river Lea, and was completed in 1860. Two
others are Garrick-street and ^Vhitechapel-street, estimat-
ed to cost £125,446 and £175,000. Another is the widen-
ing of Luilgate-hill, completed in 1S69. Two others are
the widening of High-street, Kensington, and the widen-
inj of Park-lane, estimated to cost £88,000 and £105,000.
Others are the widening and improving of numerous nar-
row streets and lanes in many parts of the City, and at
Iloohester-row, Westminster. One feature of the new
streets is the construction of "subways" under them, for
gas and water pipes, similar to the subway under the
Thames embankment. Others much wanted and talked
abont are a new street from Holborn to Lincoln's-Inn-
fields, commencing with demolition of the houses on the W
side of Great Turnstile; a new broad street from Charing-
cros3 to the comer of Oxford-street, opposite Tottenham-
conrt-road; a new route, by the widening of St. Martin 's-
Line and the intersecting of the miserable streets and
aUers of Seven-dials, into the line of Cro^vn-street; a
dirt'^t and easy communication from West Strand to
Piccadillv; and improved communications in connexion
with the "extension of the Metropolitan railway to Fins-
bury -circus, and with the canying of the North London
railway from Kingsland to Liverpool-street. An exten-
sion, not for mere amenity or for sake of intrinsic
gro-rth of population, but for supplj-ing in part the de-
stniction among the smaller houses in London, was com-
rcenced at Battersea in 1865 ; and comprises a series of
striets, on both sides of a main road, containing between
2,C00 and 3,000 houses, chiefly from £35 to £65 in rental.
A subwav under the Thames, from Deptford-Green to
the Isle o'f Dogs, 582 yards long, was authorized in 1866.
A subway between Scotland- Yard and the Waterloo rail-
way stati'on was in course of fo.Tnatiou in 1867. A suh-
wav from Tower-Hill to Bemiondsey was foi-med iu 1869,
at a cost of less than £20,000.
The railway works within the metropolis have made
amazing changes, and produced many an eye-sore. Their
\'ijduots are far from elegant, and form long intersec-
tions through the lines of houses; their tubular bridges
or iron-ginler bridges arc ungainlj' or positively ugly, and
spoil or block the vista.s of broad streets; and their works,
ia general, plunge through the capital in all directions,
form lines of gap any how or at any angle through com-
pact blocks of streets, run now beneath thoroughfares
and now over them, give many a region a torn and
parched appearance, and have efl'ected such a structural
revolution as neither London nor any other great city
ever before underwent. The earlier lines — the London
s.ni Greenwich on the SE, the Croydon running thence
to the Brighton and the Southeastern, the Thames-Junc-
tion curving from the docks to the Croydon, the Brick-
layers' Arms- Extension going west-north-westward from
the Greenwich and the Croydon, the Southwestern run-
ning thrnugli all Lambeth, the Blackwall running west-
ward on the N side of the Thames to the Jliuories, the
E-i-stem Counties running westward to Bishopsgate, the
North London sweeping through the entire range of the
y suburbs the Great Northern running southward to
King's-cros-s, and the Northwestern running south-east-
ward to Euston-square — made a wonderful aggregate of
change; but all th^y did was small comjiarcd with what
fallowed tiie maturing of the Charing-cross scheme, from
Chiring-frnsj over the Thames to tlie Southeastern at
L'>ii'h)n-bri Ige, authorized in 1859, and opened on the
.Surrey sidfe iu 1S6L The railway-works and the rail-
way scheme.s, at the commencement of 1864, may be said
t'» have constituted a crisis, 'i'he Clnring-cross station
'v.xs nearly completed; that station was contemplated as
likely to become the centre of nimierous lines, radiating
10 all iKiints cT the compass, and crossed, at intervals of
about a mile, by other lines; the Metropolitan railwaj",
all the way from Paddingtou to Finsbury-circns, was
near completion, — and from Paddington, along the New
road, to Faringdon-strect, had been opened in 1863: new
railway bridges at Blackfriars and at Southwark, were in
course of ercctiou; power had been obtained for a line to
come down, from the N, upon the Strand; the Totten-
ham and Hampstead-Junction company proposed to con-
.struct a line, and had already got power to make p.n.rt of
it, from St. John's church in IloUoway, by way of Eus-
ton-road, Gower-street, Bloomsbury-street, and Bow-
street, across the Strand to the Thames' end of Villiei-s-
street; another line was contemplated from the Seven
Sisters'-road in Ilolloway, through Islington, Shoreditch,
Stepney, Spitalfields, and Whitechapel, to Canuon-street-
road; the Great Eastern company wished to extend their
line from Bishopsgate, through a crowded part of the
City, to Finsbury-circus ; the new tenninus of the Metro-
politan railway in Finsbury was nearly completed; a
"high level line" was contemplated thence, by way of
Moorgate -street, New Broad-street, Bishopsgate-street,
and the Tower, across the Thames, into junction with
the Southeastern railway at Bricklayers' Arms station;
a "low level line" also was contemplated from the Fins-
bury terminus to the Thames tunnel, through that tun-
nel, and through Rotherhithe marsh and fiehls, to the
South Coast station at Deptford; a line was contemplated,
by the North and South London company, to connect
Hammersmith, by Chuswick, with Wimbledon and Croy-
don; another line was proposed to be formed direct from
Kensington to Kichmond; a line, additional to that from
Villiers-street to Holloway, and for the most part sub-
terranean, was proposed to be formed from the Charing-
cross station to King's-cross and Euston-square, with
stations at Long Acre, Holborn, and Burton-crescent;
another line, also partly subterranean, was proposed,
to be run from the same point, under Whitehall, and
imder or through Si. James'-park, the Green-park, and
Hyde-park, to Paddington; a line was projected, by the
Metropolitan company, to connect Paddington with the
Victoria station, Pimlico, by running from the Great
Western hotel, under Kensington gardens, to Kensing-
ton palace, and thence by the site of the International
Exhibition, and by Brompton-road; a scheme was pro-
jected by the same company, to link together the entire
railway system of London, by adding to tlie previous line,
and to the lines from Paddington through Finsbury and
through the City, a line from the Victoria station through
Westminster, by the Abbey and the Parliament Houses,
into Blackfriars, by the new Mansion House, to Cannon-
street, the Tower, and Blackwall ; projects were a-ibot
for railway-stations in Leicester-square, at Eegent-circus,
in the Quadrant, and in Haymarket; a company had
been formed to construct an aerial line from Westmin-
ster-bridge to London -bridge; and another company pro-
posed, even though some five miles of embankment
and viaduct should be required for their project, to con-
struct a railway bridge across the Thames, below the
docks, with a height of 150 feet above high-water level,
so as to allow the loftiest masted ship to pass. Other
railway schemes than those we have mentioned, but af-
fecting chiefly the suburbs, had previously been authorized
or executed; some entirelj* new schemes, or some modifi-
cations of previous ones, have subsequently been started;
and portions of some of those we have mentioned were
in progress of execution in 1866. All the schemes we
have mentioned, indeed, are not likely to be carried out;
several of them also were too visionary to receive coun-
tenance beyond the circle of enthusia.=tic sjieculators ;
yet, though partly abortive, especially when viewed iu
connexion with the numerous and stupendous schemes
which have been successful, all the more that some of
the boldest portions of themselves have been authorized,
they strongly indicate, and have been noticed here
mainly for their indicating, how ruthlessly and deform-
ingly the metropolis is becoming .'^hattcivd and inter-
sected by railway works. We have here been speaking
only of the stnicture of the metrojiolis, and have made
mention of the raihva)- works mainly as afTccting th.at.
LONDON.
153
LONDON.
The railways themselves will be noticed in their own
proper place.s.
The erection of dwellings for the working-classes, con-
sequent on the demolition of houses by the street im-
provements and by the railway operations, has bee^ going
vigorously forward, and is generally done in a manner
of most pleasing conti-ast to that of tlie old abodes. Two
advertisements in one day's newspaper in 1863 aniioanced
for sale the materials of 133 doomed houses in Agir-To^^^l,
and about 180 near King.sland-road, which had leen in-
habited chiefly by the poor; a statement by Lord Shaftes-
bury in the House of Lords said that, during the year
1805, 20,000 persons had been unhoused by railway
operations; and other authorities show that, for a series
of years, in all parts of the metropolis affected by the
street improvements and by the railway operations, the
process of unhousing the population, particularly opera-
tives and the poor, has been as sweeping as in the two
localities we have named, or as in the year lt;65. The
difficulty of providing suitable dwellings for the unhoused
working classes, and still more for the very pDor, was
alike urgent and excessive; and, at the same time, was
increased by the necessity of providing homes for the
constant influx of new labourers attracted b)' the extensive
works in progress. Ordinary or private enterprise would
not meet it, or at best would meet it very inadequately,
for the reason that houses of the kind required are less
profitable to builders than houses of other kinds. Philan-
thropy, or public spirit, required to deal with it; and
this happily came forward, not in the niggard fashion
of attempting to provide merely what might give bare
shelter, but in the noble manner of adding to the shelter
both appliance;; of comfort and features of modes: decora-
tion. The new erections, up to the end of 1S69, were
veiy far from being numerous enough to receive all the
unhoused and inflowing families, — still less to relieve
general over-crowding throughout the poorer parts of the
metropolis; but they were in such hearty deniaL'i, at re-
munerating rents, as to be likely to incite assjiciations
and even private sjieculators to nmltiply rapidly similar
erections; and they are in styles of fitting and of arclii-
tecture which give them a decided claim to rmk as a
fine new feature in the structure of the capital. Experi-
mental lofty blocks were built, in 1863, b\- Alderman
Waterlow, in Paul-street, Finsbury; all with neat and
even cheerful looking exterior; each block wi:h a re-
cessed centre, with balconies to each floor, and with a
staircase common to aU the floors; the interiors ctirefuUy
fitted with every appliance for health and comfort; the
floors divided into groups of rooms, each complete in it-
self, strictly separated from the adjoining ones, and
adapted to larger or smaller families ; and the whole
computed to yield a clear profit of from 6 to S t-er cent.
Buddings similar to these, with capacity for 200 ramilies,
were estimated to cost £25,000; and blocks of them,
under the names of Tower Buildings, Cobden Buildings,
and Stanley Buildings, were erected, before the end of
1865, by a company under Alderman AVaterlow's auspices,
in V/apping, King's Cross-road, and Old St. Pancras-
road. A vast pile was erected in 1863, at the comer of
Commercial-street and White-Lion-street, Sp;:alfields,
by the trustees of Mr. Peabody's gift of £150, wO, "for
the benefit of the honest and industrious poor of the me-
tropolis;" has frontages of 215 and 140 feet; is in a
variety of the domestic pointed style; is mainly iisposed,
throughout the ground and first floors, in shops, with
their stores and dwellings; and contains, throu^-'iout the
second and the third floors, 54 well-contrived d's^eUings,
at rentals suited to the labouring classes. Fvir other
piles, of similar character, by the same trustees, were
erected in 1865-7, in Essex-road, Islington, and in Lovc-
lane, Shadwell, and Commercial-street, Shoreditch. Still
other jiiles, from a further gift of £100,000 by Mr. Pea-
body, were to be erected by his trustees, iu any suitable
localities, after 1869; ami still more piles, fr-.m a be-
quest of £150,000 by Jlr. Pcabody, were to l^ erected
after 1873. A great block was erected in l;o5-6, in
Faringdon-road, by the City corporation, on a plot of
their own ground, with £120,000 voted from the funds;
and presents a general resemblance to Alderman Water-
low's block in Paul-street, Finsbury, but in a richer style.
Two blocks were formed out of large quondam hotels, at
the new Cattle-market, in 1867, by the City corporation.
A large block, called Coleridge Buildings, was built
near the Highgate railway station, in 1867, by a local
improvement society. Blocks also were erected, in 1867-
70, by the company under Alderman Waterlow's pre-
sidency, at Hoxton, Greenwich, Bethnal-Green, and
Lambeth. Other blocks or groups, smaller but more
ornate, have been built by Miss Coutts; others, by the
Metropolitan company; and mauy more, by other parties.
Reconstruction of buildings in the principal business
streets has, for several years, been very extensive. More
than half of Lombard-street, and large reaches or pieces
of many other streets, in 1S64-7, were fdled with scaffold
poles and hoarding. New shops, warehouses, commer-
cial oSices, banks, insurance ottices, club houses, hotels,
halls, and public buildings, are amazinglj' numerous ;
and, at the same time, exhibit great ambition, remark-
able diversities, and startling features of style. Tha
business-street architecture, in fact, has been undergoing
a revolution ; and, as in every other revolution, it has
been throwing all sorts of odd things to the surface.
"Certainly since the years following the great fire," re-
marks a skilful writer in 1866, " London never saw any-
thing like the amount of costly and sumptuous build-
ing now going on. To one returning to it after an
absence like that of the mythical sleeper, the heart of
the City might seem to have become the head-quarters
of some huge building corporation, with its agents and
operations radiating in all directions, pulling down and
building up at will, uncontrolled by public or private
convenience, and unrestraineil by fear of expense. But
a glance at the new and unfini.shod edifices would speed-
ily dissipate any such fant;uy. Every man, it would be
evident, is doing that which is good in his own eyes.
There can be no central controlling power where all tha
parts are incongruous, where each appears not only in
rivalry but antagonism with the other. Later thoughts
might suggest that a building mania had taken posses-
sion of the wealthy inhabitants, affecting alike indivi-
duals, and firms, and companies; and, on the whole,
this would not be the most irrational way of accoiuiting
for the phenomena." Many critics, with j\Ir. Ruskiu
at their head, see in the new architecture little else
than a progress to utter confusion; while others, moro
tolerant and hopeful, regard it both as exhibiting many
excellencies, and as likely to lead to something better.
The aspect of it aggregately exhibits "a heterogeneous,
obtnisive, and pretensions admixture of many styles, all
exotic, and belonging to widely separated times as well
as places;" and yet, in the case of numerous individual
buildings, is at once consistent, beautiful, and highly
artistic. Both the pillared and the pointed types aro
extensively followed ; but they arc rather assimilated
than imitated. A building not only shows the charac-
ters of a Grecian order, an Italian mudel, or a Gothic
specific form, but has internal coiLstruction suited to
convenience, and makes exti-rnal expression of its parti-
cular use. The adajitations from the model-funus and
features aro so free and numerous, and even the inter-
minglings of cognate styles are so unsparing and plenti-
ful, as almost to indicate a hopeful struggle toward the
formation of entirely new styles. The passion for orna-
ment, however, is excessive. Carving and sculpture, in
some instances, are not only exuberant but extiuvagant;
and polychromv, iu an endless variety of manner, is
painfully abundant. "Shafts of polished red granite
or dull red Mansfield stone, of marbles of varied tints,
of serpentine, or terra-cotta, — bands, squares, and. specks
of coloured stones or bricks, — tiles, incised work, and
different kinds of coloured ceramic wares, are introduced
in all sorts of places, sometimes with good cUect, moro
commonly with the reverse, — sometimes appearing
tawdry, often eccentric, occasionally gi-otesque, and now
and then ludicrous." The polychromj-, too, does all the
worse for the effect upon it of atmospheric erosion,
"which is already mailing havoc with the polished .siir-
LONDON.
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LONDON.
face of inaibks .iiid granite, and smudging over the
brightest coloui-s with unanticipated bands and stripes of
black and dirty green."— We shall now notice a few of
the best or most stiiking of the new buildings.
The London and County bank, in Lombard-street and
Niohol;v3-lanc, was built in 1S61; is in the Italian style,
of Portland stone, with wcll-esecuted details; and pre-
sents to Lombard-street a front of four stories, with rus-
ticated Doric columns, a sculptured frieze, and a steep
donuer- windowed roof. Roberts, Lubbock, and Co. '3
bank, in Lombard-street, was built in 1863 ; and is less
showy than solid and stately. Barclay, Bevan, and
Co.'s bank, on the other side of Lombard-street, was
built in 1305 ; has a frontage of nearly 100 feet, and a
height of 60 feet; and is massive and ornamental. The
Union bank, in Carey -street and Chancery-lane, was built
tlso in 1865; has a frontage of 143 feet to Carey-street,
and of 50 feet to Chancery-lane; is constructed through-
out of Portland stone, e.tcepting columns of polished rod
granite at the entrance; displays the Doric or Tuscan
order in the first story, the Ionic in the second, the Co-
rinthian in the third; and admirably combines solidity,
statelincss, chasteness, and omature. Another building
of the same bank, on the site of the old one of Sir Wil-
liam Lubbock, in Mansion-IIouse-street, was erected in
1866; and is in similar style to the Carey-street and
Chancery-lane oue, but scarcely so noble. The National
Provincial Bank of England, at the corner of Thread-
needle-street, adjoining the old South Sea House, was
built in 1365-6; is in the Roman Corinthian stj'Ie, with
lofty fluted columns; and makes a rich display of aUego-
rical sculpture, boldly and tastefully executed. The
London, Bombay, and ileiiiterranean bank, in Clements'-
lane, was built in 1S65; has a front of three bays and
four stories; and is in the Venetian style of the 16th
century. The building for the Agra and Masterman's
bank, in Nicholas-lane, wa^ for sale in Sept. 1866, and
had but recently been completed ; is of four bays and
three stories, besides dormers; and shows a composite
character of Greco-ItaUau and French-Italian. Alex-
ander, Cunliffe, and Co.'s bank, in Cleraent's-lane and
Lombard-street, was built in 1865-6; is iu a mixed Go-
thic style, but without the Gothic characteristic pointed
arch; has arches of other kinds, overeailing the shafts of
coui)led columns ; and abounds in features of elaborate
detail. The London Discount Co.'s office, iu Abehurch-
lane, was built in 1866; has a frontage of three bays and
four stories; and shows iron columns supporting arches in
the ground-story, and polished red granite jambs and
lintol in the doorway. The General Credit and Finance
Co.'s office, at the entrance of 'I'okenhouse-yard, with a
front in Lothbury, also was built in 1866; and is a highly
decorated structure, in close reproduction of the Venetian
pointed style. The Union bank, opposite the Mansion
House, was buOt in 1868; and is a stately edifice in the
Italian .style, chiefly of the Corinthian order.
The Promoter Life office, in Fleet-street, was built
in 1360 ; has a front only 20 feet wide, but entii'ely cov-
ered with ornamentation ; is a quaint but very striking
c-vamplo of Italo-French renaissance; and sparkles all
over with shafts, pilasters, or panels of polished granite
and coloured marbles, and with fanciful, elaborate, and
grotei(iue carving. The National Provident Life Assur-
ance office, at the corner of Gracechurch-street and East-
cheap, was built in 1862; is in a modification of the 17th
century, Italian, of fine Portland stone; and abounds, to
exce-ss, in very elaborate omamenttition. The Ocean
Jlarine Insurance office, in Old Broad-street, was built
also in 180-2; is in similar renaissance to the Provident,
but French rathor than Italian; and is more showily
ornate than that edifice, but less artistic and refined.
The Royal Insurance office, at the corner of Clement's-
lane ami Lombard-street, w;us built in 1805; is in the
popular Italian .style, with free treatment and much de-
coration; has polisheil red granite, with an incised pat-
tern, at the principal entrance; substitutes a slightly
raised leaf-pattern for the ordinary rustication; anTl, as
E^wiiole, is very lofty, massive, and imjiosing. Tlio
Uorth British and Murcautilo Insurance office, iu Thread-
ueetUe-street, on the site of the well-known Cook-tavern,
was built also in 1865; is iu a free variety of the Italian
style ; and consists of Portland stone, v.-ith polished
granite shafts. The Crown Life Assurance office, iu
Fleet-street, by St. Duustan's church, was built also in
1805; is strictly in the Venetian Gothic style, with close
rendering of that style's details; makes a strong display
of polychrnmy; and consists of Portland stone iu the main
masonry and the capitals, and of red Mansfield stone,
Forest of Dean stone, blue Warwick stoue, and Sicilian
marble in the polychromatic parts. The London and
Lancashire Insurance office, at the corner of Bishopsgate-
street and Leadenhall-street, was built in 1866; and is
an exceedingly elaborate structure, iu a semi-Italian
style. Westminster chambers, opposite the Westmin-
ster Palace hotel, were built in 1865-6, at a cost of about
£150,000; and consist of two parallel ranges, each 430
feet long, and five stories high. A vast pile of colonial
offices, on the W side of ilincing-lane, was buUt in
1860 ; and is of Palladian character, with ornate coupled
windows, and with a large, boldly-caiTcd, central shield
of anns. Hyam's warehouses, in Cannon-street West,
were built also in 1360; are 110 feet long, 76 feet wide,
and 66 feet high ; and have a classic facade. Jones'
warehouse, iu Wood-street, was built in 1864; is 110 feet
lor.g, and six stories high ; and displays some originality
and force of character; but is marred, in its efl'ect, by
profusion of stripe-!ike buttresses. Hunt and Crombie's
warehouses, in Eas:i?heap, were built also in 1S64; and
are remarkable for clTective use of terra cotta ; but have
a detrimental excels of colour. A pile of warehouses,
on the S side of the new Southwark-street, was erected
in the same year ; is in a sort of Gothic style ; and con-
sists of bricks, polychromatically yellow, red, and black.
Two stacks of offices, by one architect, iu JIark-lane and
Miucing-lane, were built also in 1864; and are remark-
able for having their frame-work almost entirely of iron,
and for having fronts of Portland stone diversified with
incised ornament and coloured inlays. The London
Printing and Publishing Co. 's offices, in St. Jolm-street,
were buUt in 1S60; are in a domestic Gothic style, of
German character, and of somewhat peculiar aspect;
are very large and very lofty; and consist of red brick,
with black bands and stone dressings. Longman's ymb-
lisliing offices, in Pateruoster-row, were built in 1863;
are in the renaissance style, somewhat grandiose, yet
chastely ornamented; and are of Portland stone, three
stories high, with dormers.
The New City club, in George-yard, Lombard-street,
was built in 1866; is in a style of somewhat florid re-
naissance, large and very striking; presents a peculiar
appearance, occasioned by the irregularity of its site ; and
has a showy entraace-portico, with polished red granite
colunms. The AVhitehall club, in Parliament-street, « as
built also in 1800; is likewise in a style of florid re-
naissance, three s;ories high; and has Ionic columns iu
the ground floor, Corinthian columns in the first or prin-
cipal floor, and a variety of decorations above. The New
University club, in St. James'-street, was built iu 180S;
and is in the Gothic style, with projecting centre.
A new building, intended for a club-iiouse, but at first
disposed as chambers, in St. James'-street, on the site of
the Old Thatched House, was built in 7805; is a hand-
some and costly e'lifice ; and displays a large amount of
well-executed carving of foliage and birds. The West-
minster hotel was built in 1860-1; was so far completed
in ISOU that about half of its W portion was then lot to
the government, to be used as the Indian otfioe; and is
iu the French renaissance style, of very striking appear-
ance; but h;w a facade of cement, and is so vast as to
look monotonous. The Gloucester hotel, on the N .>i(le
of Piccadilly, was built in 1801, partly to anticipate tin;
expected great coii.oui'so at the K.\liibition of the follow-
ing year; but arrests attention only by its groat magni-
tude. The Bath hotel, on the S side of Piccadilly, nearly
opposite the Gloucester hotel, was built in the .same year;
is of brick with stoue dressings, very lofty, and crou nod
with ])icturcs(juely grouped chimney-sliafts; and has,
over the ground floor, (which is stniiigely fitted up as a
LONDOIf
160
LOXDOX.
stable) a very ornamental balcony. The London-bridge
hotel, adjoining the London-bridge railway terminus, was
built also in 1S61; is 130 feet long, 97 feet vride, and
seveu stories hi^h; presents a substantial but not elegant
appearance, with heavy cornice and mansard roof; and
coasbts of white brick, with Portland stone dressings.
The Grosvenor hotel, adjoining the Victoria railway ter-
minus in Pimlico, was built in 1862, at a cost of con-
siderably more than £100, 000; measures 262 feet in length,
75 feet in width, and 150 feet in height to the top of the
roof ; is in a very elaborate variety of the renaissance style,
of five unequal stories, with massive towers at the ends, and
a lofty roof attic; consists of Bath stone rusticated in the
ground floor, and white Suffolk brick in the upper stories;
and displays great profusion of skilful carving, including
colossal festoons of flowers, representations of the four
quarters of the globe, and medallions of the Qaeen, the
Prince Consort, many contemporary statesmen, and other
celebrities, and many distinguished personages of past
times. The Charing-cross hotel, at the Charing-cross
nulway terminus, was built in 1864-6, at a cost of not
much short of £200,000; presents a principal front to
the Strand, and a front nearly as long to Villiers-street ;
is in a style which may be roughly termed Italian, with
Corinthian details; has five unequal stories to the en-
tablature, with both an attic and a dormer roof above,
and with massive tower-structures at the ends; shows
polished granite columns and carved tympanums at the
principal entrances, a good deal of carving and some
moulded stucco in the front, and red terra-cotta in the
chimney stalks; is appropriated, in the basement, to the
railway-booking oBices; and derives some picturesque-
ness, in the outward view, from a free reproduction there
of the Eleanor cross which formerly stood at Charing-
cross. The City Terminus hotel, in Cannon-street, was
built in 1867, at a cost of more than £100,000; and
.strongly resembles the Charing-cross hotel. A gi"eat hotel
of palatial character was projected at the Midland rail-
w-ay terminus, but was in doubtful progress in 1869.
The Langham hotel, in Portland-place, was buUt in 1865;
rivals the Charing-cross hotel in at once size, cost, and
magnificence; and contains about 40 drawing-rooms and
private sitting-rooms, and 300 bed-rooms. The Inns of
Court hotel, extending from Holbom to Lincolns-Inn-
fields, was built in 1867; is in the Italian style, of Port-
land stone, with columns of polished granite and serjien-
tine; and includes a large central covered court. The
Agricultural hotel, in Salisbury-square, Fleet-street, was
built in 1865; and presents a frontage of 98 feet to Salis-
bury-square, one of 100 feet to Dorset-street, and one of
100 feet to Primrose-hiU. The Palmerston Buildings,
extending from Bishopsgate-street to Old Broad-street,
were erected in 1867, at a cost of more than £80,000;
and have rich Italian facades. Three ornate Yestr}- haUs,
in PiccadUlv, in Bancroft-road, and at MUe-End, were
built in 1862.
The price of land, in connexion with street improve-
ment, railway operation, and house-reconstruction, hxs
risen very high. Two instances of sale, which occurred
in July and Sept. 1865, maybe mentioned as illustra-
tions. The one was a piece of freehold ground, com-
prising an area of 2,500 feet, in Cannon-street, at the
comer of Swithin's-lane ; and was sold at auction fur
£30,600. The other was the freehold site of the Weigh-
house chapel, which was required by the Metropolitan
District Piailway companv; and was sold by arbitration
for £28,000, besides £10,000 for the buildings which
werf: on it, and a life annuity of £500 as compensation
to tlie minister of the chapel.
Public Buildings.— \\'e do not here notice ecclesiasti-
cal, institutional, educational, or benevolential buildincp
'irithin the City; for these will be noticed in subsequent
sections. Nor, except in one or two instances, do we
here notice public buililings of any kind in the parts of
the metropolis beyond the'City; for these are notice-1 in
otlier articles. "We here notice chiefly governmental, muni-
cipil, commercial, and miscellaneous public buildin"s
jvithin the City. °
The Tower stands on a gentle eminence, conti^aious to
the Th.ames, outside the line of the Citr walls, nearly IJ
mile ESE of St Paul's. It is not one building, but a
group of buildings, with some open spaces, suri'oun>led
by a fortification wall ; and occupies an area of about 12
acres. It was described by Stowe as "a citadel to de-
fend or command the City, a royal palace for assemblies
or treaties, a prison of state "for the most dangerous
offenders, the only place of coinage for all Eugla'nd at
this time, the armoury for warlike provisions, tlie trea-
sury of the ornaments and jewels of the Crowu, and the
general conserver of most of the records of the King's
courts of jijstice at Westminster." The oldest extant
portions of it are of the time of William the Conqueror;
other portions are of various dates ; and the latest por-
tions are quite recent. Tradition, followed by the poets
Gray and Shakespeare, assigns its origin to Julius Ccesar;
but fair criticism can allow no original of it to hav ; been
probable before at least the later period of the Roman
possession; and authentic record makes no mention of
anything of it for many centuries after the time of Cassar,
A deep, broad ditch, long encompassed the completed
citadel; became eventually noisome and pestiferous, re-
sembling more a sewer than a moat; and, in 1843, was
drained, and converted into pleasure-ground, adorned
with trees, and traversed by walks. The encincturing
walls form a regular pentagon, with the longest sida
parallel to the Thames, and the two shortest sides meet-
ing in a point toward the N; and they have been so
often repaired with brick that a question might be raised
whether any poitions of them, except the turrets, ever
were of stone. Four gates formerly afforded the only
access; the Lions'-gate, on the Wside, stiU the principal
entrance, and named from its vicinity to the site of a
royal menagerie; the Iron-gate, a great and strong one,
opened^ only on signal occasions; the Water-gate, used
for business communication for boats and small vessels;
and the Traitnrs'-gate, a small postern w-itli a draw-bridge,
fronting the Thames, and used for receiving state crimi-
nals brought to the fortre.53 by water. The detached
towers, in the interior, are the Lion tower, named from
the same circumstance as the Lions'-gate; the Jliddle
tower, nanjed from its position on the side toward the
Thames; the Bell tower, said to have been the prison of
Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, and of the Princess Eliza-
beth, afterwards Queen Elizabeth; the Bloody tower,
named from a tradition that here the young sons of
Edward IV. were murdered by order of Richard III., and
pronounced by the Duke of" Wellington the strongest
fortress within the citadel; the Beauchamp tower, on^the
AV side, named from having been the prison of Beau-
ch.amp. Earl of Warwick, in 1397,— more remarkable for
having been the prison of Anne Bolej-n, — and so
thoroughly restored in 1853 as to present a modern ap-
pearance; the Develin tower; the Bowyer tower, on the .""f
side, containing a dungeon where tradition asserts the
Duke of Clarence to have been drowned in a butt of Jlalm-
sey; the Brick tower, on the XE side, said to have been the
prison of Lady Jane Grey ; the :XIartin tower, near the
Jewel-house; the Salt tower, on the E side, noted for a
curious astronomical drawing maile, in 1561, by Hugh
Draper, who was then a pris.iner here under ch.ar-'e^f
sorcery; and the Keep, or A^^lite tower, in the centre,
116 feet long and 96 feet wide, the oldest stnicture within
the fortress, and containing St. Jolm's chapel, a curious
specimen of Norman architecture, long used as a deposit
for records. The residence of the governor stands be-
tween the Bell tower and the Bloody tower, is a struc-
ture of the time of Henry VIII., and contains the room
in which Guy Fawkes and his accomplices were examined.
The Horse armoury stands along the S side of the White
tower; was built in 1826; is a gaUery 150 feet lou" and
33 feet wide; and contains a rich and well-arrangeS cn\-
lection of armour, in the various stjdes from the 13th
century till the 17th. Queen Elizabeth's armoury is within
the White tower, but is approached by a narrow stair-
case from the Horse armour}-; has waUs 14 feet thick;
was cased with wood, a few years ago, in the Norman
style; includes a small d.irk cell, said to have been tha
prison of Sir Walter Ralei^jh; was once a deposit of curi-
LONDON.
161
LONDON.
ositie3, ca!le>l th« Siuuish culloctioii ; auJ is still a
museum of militarj- aiiJ othoi- antiquities. Tlio Jowel-
hoose staiulo ia the NE; auil contains, within a glazed
iron cage in the centre of a well-IightcJ room, St.
EJwapj's crowu. Queen Victoria's crown, the Quecu
Consort's crown, the Queen's iliaJem, the Prince of Walca'
coronet, St. Edward's stall', tluee sceptres, two orbs,
three swords of state, the coronation bracelets, the roj'al
spurs, the ampuILi, the coronation spoon, the state salt-
cellar, the royal baptismal font, and the silver wine
fountain. The church of the Tower liberties, or church of
St. Peter ail Vincula, stands in the N W, on the site of two
prerioos ones, the lat:er of which was erected by Edward
I. ; ai:d it contains the remains of Anne Boleyn, Catherine
Howard, Lady Jane Grey, and a number of other dis-
tinguished j'erson.i who were executed in the Tower. The
"WaterliX) bamcks stand across the Nside; were founded,
in lSi5, by the Dake of Wellington; and are an extensive
stmonire, in a questionable style of architecture, serving
as barracks and armoury, loop-holed, and capable of de-
fence. Ac armoury, or grand storehouse, 345 feet long,
and brdlt by William III., occupied the site of the
WaterLx> barracks; and, with 230,000 stand of arms,
■was ^vholly destroyed by lire in 1841. A statue of the
Duke of Wellington, and some remarkable cannons and
mortars, are on the parade. The royal menagerie, adja-
cent to the Lion tower, was one of the great curiosities
of Loudon from the time of Heniy IIL till that of
William IV. ; contained lions, which were named after
the reigning kings; and was disused in 1834, when the
few animals wliich remained in it were removed to the
Zoological gardens in the Eegent's park. A refreshment
room now occupies its site. The value of the ordnance
stores in the Tower Wi\s estimated, in 1849, at £640,023.
A battalion of the Guards usually forms the garrison of
the Tower, and furnishes the guard at the Bank of
England.
The old ILint stoo-i within the Tower, near the Lions'
gate. Tlie present Mint stands on Tower hUl; occupies
the site of an ancient Cistertian monastery, called the
Ab'oey of S:. ^lary of the Graces ; was preceded, on that
site, by the Victualling office for the navy; was erected
in 1511, after designs by Mr. Johusou, with superin-
tendence by Sir Robert Smirke for the ornamental parts
and for the entrances; is a three-story edifice of centre
and wings, adonied with columns and pila.stei-s; and pos-
Eesses machinerj' for all sorts of coins, capable of strik-
ing olf a quarter of a million of silver coins in one day.
— "The Record office stand.< on the Kolls estate, between
Chancery-lane and Fetter-lane; w;us built in 1856, of
e.Ucr.t to contain SO compartments, with design to add,
'.vhen requirt-d, two wings cuntaining 148 compartments;
is all fire-proof; superseded the record-rooms in the
Tower, the Chapter-house, ^\'estnlinster-abbeJ■, the Rolls
chapel in Chaucerj^-laue, and Charlton-ride in St. James'-
park; and contains Domesday book, the deed of resign-
ing the Scottish crown to Edward II., the treaty of peace
between Henry VIII. and Francis 1. of France, the docu-
ments of surrender of all the English and Welsh monas-
teries to Henry VIII., aud a multitude of interesting
state- papers. — llie Prerogative wiU otiice is in Doctors'
Commons. B!ackfriai-s; and contains the wills of Shake-
speare, Vandyck, Inigo .Tones, Sir Isaac Newton, Dr.
Joim=on, Izaac Walton, and many other distinguished
men. — The Herahls' college is at Bennet's-liill, Doctors'
Common?; was founded in 1484, but now imdudcs no
ma:!onry ulder tlian the time of Charles II.; contains
Some curious relics and a vast number of ancient records;
and numbers among eminent men who have belonged to
it Camden, Du^dale, Ashniide, Austin, Vauluugh, Grose,
and Lodge. — "The East India House, in Leadenhall-
street, was erected on the site of a previous India House,
in 1799, after de.iigns by R. Jujip; w;us subsequently en-
larged after designs by Cockerel and Wilkins; had a
iront-igc of 200 feet in length: was adorned with a pedi-
ment, contiiiuiug symbols of Brit.mnia, Jjurope, and
-\s:.i, by the younger Bacon ; contained an oriiMital
librar}", an orie:;tal museum, statues of Clive, Hastings,
Coriiwallis .Maiquis Welleslcy, and tlie Duke of Well-
ington; ami was taken down in 1862, with transference
of its contents and its business to a new oUice in the
neighbourliood of Whitehall, aud to give place to a vast
pile of olRces on its ovra site. — The Artillery barracks
and drill-ground, at the Artillery-ground, W side of
Fiusbury-square, are well suited to their military uses,
and have latterly attracted attention in connexion with
the Volunteer rifle corps. The Hon. Artillery company
was established by patent in the time of Henry VIII.,
and iucor^)orated by James I. ; superseded the City train-
bands, which were established in loSo; is notable for
having, by prompt action, preserved the Bank of Eng-
land, m 1780; had, for its colonel, the late Prince Con-
sort; and usually consists of about 600 men, many of
them sons of gentlemen.
The Mansion House staii'is at the E end of the Poul-
try, on the site of the ancient Stocks market, near the
ancient course of the Wallbrook rivulet; rests on an arti-
ficial foundation of piles, rendered necessary by the satu-
ration of the ground with springs; w;is erected in 1739 —
1753, after designs by George Dance, at a cost of £71,000;
consists of Portland stone ; has a tetrastyle Corinthian
portico, with symbolic sculptures on the pediment; is
the official residence of the lord mayor, the locality of
the city police court, and tlie place of many City banquet.s
and balls; aud contains a state room, called the Egyptian
hall, from the style of its architecture, designed by the
Earl of Burlington, and capable of accommodating 400
persons at dinner. The foundation was discovered in
1865 to be settling down; a vote of £500 was then passed
to restore it; and an apprehension was entertained that
a further vote miglit be required. — The Guildhall stands
at the foot of King-street, Cheapside; superseded a pre-
vious hall in ALlermanbury; was built in 1411 ; sull'ered
much injury from the great fire; retains little of the
original structure except the packing of the walls, two
mutilated windows, and a crypt; has a front of 17S9, de-
signed by George Dauce; contains the jnincipal public
otiices of the City corporation; and includes a great hall,
153 feet long, 50 feet wide, aud 55 feet high, u.sed by the
citizens at elections aud for public meeting.s, and used
also for the lord mayor's banijuet at his accession to
office. The corporation-offices contain numerous por-
traits, memorials, and busts; the library, entered through
a passage in the porch, contains many rare books relating
to the City's lustory; and the great hall contains the
giant figures called Gog and Magog, statues of Edward
\i., Elizabeth, and Charles I., and monuments to tho
Earl of Chatham, William Pitt, Lord Nelson, and the
Duke of Wellington. The Guildhall was the scene of
the advocacy of Richard III.'s claims to the throne, of
the trial of Anne Askew on a charge of heresy, and of
the impeachment of the Earl of Surrey, Lady Jane Grey,
and the Jesuit Garnet for treason; and it was the place
of the great dinner, in 1314, to the Prince Regent, the
Emperor of Russia, and the King of Prussia, when plato
w;is used to the estimated value of £200,000.
The halls of the "Twelve Great Companies," or the
twelve most notable of the Citj' guilds, possess consider-
able interest. Mercei-s' hall, in Cheapside, between
Ironmonger-lane aud Old Jewry, stands close to the site
of the house in which Thomas a Becket's father lived ;
has a decorated front exemplifj'ing well the ornate archi-
tecture of the time immediately following the great tire;
includes a beautiful chapel on the site of the ancient
hospital of St. Thomas of Aeon; and coniiiins portraits
of Dean Colet aud Sir Thomas Gresliam. Grocers' hall
stands in the Poultry; was built in 1427, rebuilt after
the ''reat fire, and built again in 1S02; and was the place
of the City dinners to Cromwell and the Long Parha-
ment, and the place of the Bank of England's courts
from 1691 till 1731. Drapers' hall stands in Tlirogmor-
ton-street; was originally the mansion of Thom.is Crom-
well, Earl of Essex, purchased by the drapers fiom Henry
VIII.; was relniilt immediately after the great tire; had
gardens which extended to London Wall, and were used,
as a fishionable promenade; and contains a ctu-ious pic-
ture of .Mary, Qui-en of Scots, and a portrait of Li)rd
Nelson. Fi.sliniongi'rs' li.all stau'ls on the W side oi
LONDON.
162
LONDOir,
Adelaide-place, at the N foot of London-bridge; was
built after the great fire, and rebuilt in 1531; and con-
tains a statue of Sir William Walworth, who slew Wat
Tyler, and portraits of William III. and Hxty, George
II. and Caroline, the Duke of Kent, Earl St. Vincent,
aud Queen Victoria. Goldsnuths' hall stands in Foster-
lane, Cheapside; was rebuilt in 1S35, after designs by
Hardwicke; has a rich, bold, well-proporrioned front,
with sculptures of armour, banners, cornaoopiae, and
musical instruments; has an interior of equally ornate
character; and contains a Roman altar fou::d at the dig-
ging of its foundations, a gold cup said to have been
used by Queen Elizabeth at her coronation, busts of
George III., George IV., and William IV., and portraits
of George III. and Charlotte, George IV., William IV.
and Adelaide, Queen Victoria and the Pri"ce Consort.
Skinners* hall stands in Dowgate-hill; was destro3'ed by
the great fire and rebuUt immediately afters-ards; has a
front, added in ISOS; and contains a portrait of Lord
Jlayor Sir Andrew Judd of 1551. Merchant Tailore'
hall stands in Threadneedle-street, behind an om.amental
row of merchants' houses; was purchased tj the Tailore
in 1331 ; superseded an earlier hall in Basiug-lane; suf-
fered severe injury in the great fire, insomuch that only
a small portion of the old structure now exists; was re-
built immediately after the great fire; is the largest of
the Companies' halls; was the scene of two great dinners
to all the conservative members of the H^nse of Com-
mons in 1835 and 1851; and contains portriits of Heniy
VIII., Charles I., Charles II., James II., William III.,
George III. and his qneen, the Duke of Ycr's, the Duke
of Wellington, and Sir Thomas White, th-; founder of
St. Jolm's college, Oxford, llaberdoshers' hill stands in
Staining-lane, Cheapside; was rebuilt after the great
fire, and again in 1855; and was destrovrii by fire in
1804. Salters' hall stands in Oxford-court, Sr. Swithiu's-
lane; occupies the site of first the town-house of the
priors of Tortiiigton, afterwards of a mansion of the Earls
oi O.xford; and was rebuilt in 1827. Iro:^niongei-s' hall
stands on the N siile of Fenchurch-street; was rebuilt iu
1748 ; has a highly decorated interior, in the Tudor
stj'le; and contains a portrait of Admiral Lord Hood.
Vintners' hall stands in Upper Thames-street; is a plain
modern edifice; and contains portraits of Charles II.,
James II., and Prince George of Denn:irk. Cloth-
workers' hall stands in Mincing-lane, Fenchurch-street;
is a small edifice, chiefly of red brick; and contains a
sdver " loving-cup, " given by Pepjs, who was master of
the company in 1677.
The halls of some of the other City companies or
guilds also possess interest. Apothecaries' hall stands
in Water-lane, Blackfriars ; is a plain bnc'i and stone
building of 1670; figures in Garth's satirical poem of
"the Dispensary;" has connexion with a bo:<i.nic garden at
Chelsea; and contains a portrait of James I., and a statue
of Delaune. Stationers' hall stands in Stationers-hall-
court, Ludgate-hill; was destroyed in the great fire, when
the Stationers lost property to the value of ab-jtit £200,000;
was afterwards rebuilt; possessed long the right of hav-
ing every sort of publication " entered at it:" is still the
place of regibtiation of new books for prC'>ction under
the copyright act; and contains portraits of Prior, Steele,
Kichanlsou, Alderman Uoydell, and Vincent Wing.
Painters-Stainers' hall stands iu Little Trinity -lane; is a
gloomj'-looking edifice; makes an annual free exhibition
of specimens of the decorative art; and contains por-
traits of Charles II., AVilliam III., Anno, and tlie anti-
cpiary Camden, and a "loving-cup" given by Camden,
and used at the annual feast on St. Luke's <.Liy. Barber-
Surgeons' hall stand-i in Monkv.-ell-street, vn the site of
a bastion of the ancient City wall; has an diborntely ex-
ecuted door-way; and contains a gilt cup rresented by
lienry Vlll., another cup presented by "..larles II., a
portrait of Inigo Jones, and a famous picttri by Holbein
of Henry VIII. bestowing the charter on "hi barber-sur-
geons. Carpenters' hall stands at Carpci'Ters' Builiiings,
London Wall; has been converted irito a Trinting-ofiice;
and was fouiul, during repairs in IS I-"', to have four
li-e.sccics of tixe lotli century, all on Scrirrnre subjects,
and three of them referring to carpenters' work. Weavers*
hall stands in Basinghall-street ; aud contains an old
picture of William Lee, a scholar of Cambridge, the in-
ventor of the stocking-loom, representing him pointing
out that loom to a female knitter. Armourers' hall
stands iu Coleman-street; and contains a very fine collec-
tion of mazers, hanaps, and silver-gilt cups. Saddlers'
hall stands iu Cheapside; and contains a fine funeral pall
of the 15th century.
The Bank of England occupies an irregularh' quad-
rangular area of nearly 4 acres, immediately N' of the
junctions of Poultry, Cornhill, Lombard -street, and
King William-street; presents its four fronts to Thread-
ueedle-street, Prince's-streer, Lothbury, and Bartholo-
mew-lane; measures, along these fronts, respectively 365,
440, 410, and 250 feet; and includes eight open courts.
The oldest part of it was buUt in 1733, on the site of the
house of Sir John Moulton, the first governor ; parts ad-
joining Threadneedle-street were afterwards built by
George Sampson ; enlargements of these parts were made,
and E and AV wings of them were erected, in 1766-1786,
by Sir I'obert Taylor ; the other parts, with slight excep-
tion, were built by Sir John Soane, who also took down
or altered some of tlie older parts; and copings above the
cornice were added by Cockerell, after a temporary fortifi-
cation of the structure against an apprehended attack of
the chartists in 1848. The structure, as a whole, does
not possess much architectural elegance; yet portions of
it, particularly iu the interior, are admirable. The prin-
cipal front, seen from the corner of Cornhill, shows a
long line of wall, in the Giecian st3-Ie, with fluted pillars,
cornices, and other ornaments; but has blank window.s,
and looks flat and heavy. The front toward Lothbury
was copied from the temple of Tivoli; and is very beauti-
ful. Tlie cashier's olKce was modelled after the temple
of the sun and moon at Piome; the ante-room of the dis-
count odice, after the villa of Adrian ; and the entrance
to the bidlion court, after tl-.e arch of Cunstantine. The
central court, planted v.ith shrubs and trees, and orna-
mented with a fountain, was formerly tlie churchyard of
St. Christopher. The parlour is the room in which the
directors meet; and the lobby of it has a portrait of
Abraham Kewland, who rose from a low condition to be
chief clerk of the bank. The ruling-room is the place
where the jiaper for the books is cut and ruled by ma-
chines; the binding-room, v.diere the pages of the ledgers
are numbered by machineiy; the printing-room, where
the common bank papers are printed; the bank-note
printing-roorn, where cheques are numbered by a ma-
chine, and 15,000 notes are printed daily; the old note
office, where the paid notes are accumulated for ten years;
tlio weighing office, where the light sovereigns are separ-
ated from the full-weight ones by verj' ingenious pieces
of mechanism; the bullion office, where the coin is kept
in iron safes; and all these may be seen by an order from
a director. Only 54 clerks were employed at first; but
about 900 are employed now; and they receive salaries
rising from £50 to .tl,200, and amounting aggregately
in the year to about £210,000.
Tho Royal Exchange occupies an area of 51,000 square
feet; presents a S front to Cornhill, a W front toward
the Poultry, a N front to the Bank of England and
Threadneedle-.strect; measures 293 feet by 175; includes
a central quadrangle of 114 feet by 57; and is the third
Exchange-building on the site. The first was erected by
Sir Thomas Grosham, and destroyed in the great fire;
the second was erected in 1068, after designs hy Wren,
at a cost of £80,000, aud was destroyed by fire in Jan-
uary 1839; and the present was erected under tho direc-
tion of William Tite, at a cost of .£180,000, and opened
in October IS 44, by Queen Victoria, The exterior, con-
trary to the stivngh' expressed \\"ishes of the architect, has
been much disposed in shops; yet, in spite of that disfigure-
ment, makes a most imposing appc.innce. The W front
has an cctostylo Corinthian portico, 'Jo feet wide and 76
feet high ; v.-ith a pedini'-nt designed by tlu younger
Westmacott, and richly adorned in the tyinjianuin with
seventeen emblematic statues. The W gates are of cast
iron bronzed, 22 feet hii^-h and 16 feet wide; aud bear
LONDON.
163
LONDON.
the arms of the twelve tnc.it City companies. The E
tower hn.s a statiio of Sir Thomas Grcsham, 144 feet high,
by Behues; and is surmounted by the old grasshopper
vane, 11 feet long. The S side has a row of pila.sters,
and three sets of armorial sculptures; and the N side has
statues of Gresliam and iliddleton. The central quad-
rangle is surrounded by a colonnade, and has a marble
stafiie of Queen Victoria.- — The City offices, witli the
Lombard Exchange and News-Room, stand at the corner
of Lombard-street and Gracechurch -street; were built in
1S63, at a cost of about £70,000; measure 120 feet by SO;
and are in a very ornate Italian stj'lc. — Lloyd's Rooms,
the seat of marine insurance business, and the centre of
commercial and shipping n^'ws, are approached by stairs
at the E end of the Royal Exchange; and have a hand-
some vestibule, with marble statues of Iluskisson and
tho Prince Consort. — The Stock E.xchange stands in
Chapel-court, fronting the Bank of England; and was
rebuilt in 1S53.
The General Post-Office stands in St. J[artin's-le-
Grand, near Cheapside, Newgate-street, and St. Paul's
church3'ard; occupies the site of an ancient college and
church'dedicated to St. JIartin; and was built in 1S25-9,
after designs by Sir R. Smirko. It measures 3S9 feet in
length and SO feet in width; is in the Ionic style, simple,
bnt massive; has a hexastjde portico, copied from remains
of two ancient temples; consists of granite in the base-
ment, and of brick, faced ■\\'ith Portland stone, in the
superstructure; and includes a central vestibule, or great
hall, 80 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 5-3 feet high. A
supplement to it, on ground in Newgate-street purchased
for £3,000, was authorized by an act of 1SC5. The post-
office was kept, in 1635, at Sherbourne-lane ; next at
Dowgate; next at the Black Swan, Bishopsgate-street;
next at the Black Pillars, Biydges-street, Covent-garden;
next at what had been Sir Robert Viner's hou.se, in Lom-
bard-street ; and was removed thence to the present
building. Ten head-ofEcos are now in the metropolis,
as defined by a circle drawn on a radius of 12 miles from
the General Post-OfBce; and they serve for ten sections
in nearly the same manner as if these were ten towns, all
at considerable distances from one another. The sections
were marked off, and constituted, in 1S5G; they are all
designated Loudon, with the adjuncts of respectively
E C, W C, N, N E, E, S E, S, S W, W, and N AV";
and they are shown in a map constructed for the purpose,
but cannot be clearly delineated in words. The head-
ofilce of the E C section is the general post-oflice itself,
with a branch in Lombard-street; of the W U section, is
in High Holborn, with a branch at Charing-cross; of
the N section, is in Essex-road, Islington; of the N E
section, is in Church-street, Bethnal-Grccn ; of the E
section, is in Nassau-place, Commercinl-road East ; of
the S E section, is in High-street, Southwark; of the S
section, is in York-place, Lambeth; of the S W section,
is in Buckingham-gate, Pimlico; of the AV section, is in
A'en-street; of the N \V section, is in Eversholt-street,
Caiiiden-Town. Nearly700 receiving-offices, the majority
of them with money-order, savings-bank, and insurance
and annuity apartments, are dispersed throughout the sec-
tions; postal-iiillars and wallletter-boxes are proportion-
ally niimerous; and, since 1859, no house in London
has becTi more than J of a mile distant from a money-
order ollice, or more than -J of a mile from a rcceiving-
ofKce or a postal letter-box.
The Custom-House .stands in Lower Thames-street,
along a terr.aco fronting the river; and is the fifth
custom-house stracturo on the site. The first was built,
in I3.S5, by John Churchman; the second was built in
thn time of Elizabeth, and destroyed by the great fire ;
the third ^^a3 designed by AVron, and w.-is destroyed Ijy
lire in 1711; the fourth was built by Ripby, and was
burnt in ISM. Tho prosont stnicture was erected in
1S14 -7, after designs by Laing; lests on piles driven to
thr depth of 30 feet, rcnilercd nccossiiry by tho substrata
liaving once been covered l>y the river; jmivcd insecure
tlirouglumt the central jwrtion; w.-is rebuilt, throughout
that portion, in lSi!5, under tlic direction of Sir R.
Smirhi;; tneasurcs -ISO f^it in length, and 100 feel in
width; is in the Ionic style, of centre and two wings,
with hold and massive aspect ; and contains what ia
called the long-room, 190 feet long, 66 feet wide, and
55 feet high, together with a multitude of offices. Up-
wards of 2,230 persons are employed in connexion with
it, at an annual cost of about £275,000. — Trinity Houso
stands on the N side of Tower-hill; was built in 1793,
under the direction of Samuel Wyatt; superseded im-
mediately a previoxis house in Water-lane, Than>es-street,
and remotely an ancient one at Deptford-strand; is in
simple Ionic stjde, of Portland-stone; has, on the front,
several ornamental sculptures; contains busts of Ad-
mirals St. Vincent, Howe, Duncan, and Nelson, and
portraits of James I. and his queen, James II., Sir
Francis Drake, and Sir John Leake ; and includes a
model-room, with interesting plans for lighthouses and
life-boats. — The Excise Office stood in Broad-street; but
the business of it was transferred to the Inland Revenue
Office, Somerset House, Strand.
The Corn Exchange stands in JIark-lane; was first
opened in 1747; was enlarged, and partly rebuilt, in
1827; was enlarged again in 1853; is surmounted, in
the centre, by a dome, resting on Doric columns; and
has counters, along the sides, for the corn-dealers. The
market-days are Monday, Wednesdaj-, and Friday; and
the hours of business are from 10 till 3. The Kentish
"hoymen" have stands free of expense, and pay less
amount of dues than others. — The Coal Exchange stands
in Lower-Thames-street, nearly opposite Billingsgate;
was erected in 1S47-9, to aflbrd convenience for con-
ducting the coal trade; and was opened by the Prince
Consort. Its interior is highly interesting. Tlu-ee galler-
ies encircle it, and a lantern surmounts it. The floor
consists of upwards of 40,000 pieces of wood, and is laid
in the form of the mariner's compass. The walls are
painted with representations of the coal fossils, pictures
of colliers' implements ami tackle, and portraits of men
who have rendered service to the coal trade. A Roman
h3rpocaust was laid open at the digging of the founda-
tions; and it was arched over, and can still be seen.—
Newgate market is situated between Newgate-street and
Paternoster-row; was origin.ally a meal-market; became
a carcase market after the suppression of the stalls and
sheds in Butcher-Hall-lane and the places adjacent to
the quondam cluiroh of St. Nicholas-Shambles; and long
afforded the main supply to the carcase butchers even
at the W end; but will be superseded by the metropolitan
meat and poultry market. — Leaden-Hall market is .'situ-
ated between Gracechurch-strcet and tho quondam East
India House; was originall}' a granary, formed, in
1445, in what had been the large leaden-roofed mansion
of Sir Hugh Neville; was afteru ards, in the 16th century,
a market for meal and wool ; escaped injury fr.jm the
great fire ; and is now a large market for butchers' meat,
poultry, bacon, fish, leather, hides, and vegetables. — •
Billingsgate market is situated in Thames-street, a little
below London bridge ; was constituted by Elizabeth a
general nuirket, and by AVilliam III. a market for all
sorts of fish; was enlarged and improved in 1852, at a
cost of about £20,000; is a structure of red brick, with
stone-dressings ; contairis a store warehouse for dried
fish, a special quarter for shell-fish, and machinery for
ventilating and cleansing its area ; and is supplied, not
only from the fishing-grounds of England, but also from
those of Scotland, Ireland, and Holland. — The Cattle
market was long an open area in Smithfield, comprising
5;] acres in the fonn of an irregtdar ]iolygon, suri'ounded
by bo::e-housps, catgut manufactories, public-houses,
and knackers' yards; but is now a very spacious struc-
ture, noticed in our aicount of IsMNmox. — The -Metro-
politan meat and f oultry market occupies the site of tho
<il(l cattle market; was authorised in 1862, and com-
pleted .-ibout the end of 1S68; forms a parallelogram 631
feet long and 2 IG f.et wide; is in a modified Italian style,
with octagonal cu!iola-cro\nied tower.s at the angles;
contains marly 200 shops; stand.s over stations and
depots fif thc! great railway companies, giving it dirci-t
comniunicatii.u with its country supplies; and cost
about £200,000 for construction, and a still larger sum
LONDON.
161
LONDON.
for correlative outlay. — A general market, on a site of
about 7 acres, near Sloane-square in Chelsea, -nith under-
ground railway communication, was jirojecteil in 1S69.
— Faringdon market is situated in Faringdon-street ;
was opened in 1S26 ; and is the great water-cress market
of London, and a market also for other vegetables and
for fruit. Covent-garden market, the cliief vegetable
and fmit one in the metropolis, will be noticed in the
article ■\Vzst.min.stee. — The new Hop and Malt Ex-
change stands at the London-bridge end of Southwark-
street ; was opened in 1S67 ; is ten stories high and 3i0
feet long; looks as if nearly aU windows and iron-
columns; includes a hall 80 feet long, 50 feet wide,
and 115 foet high, and cost about £50,000.
The Central Criminal court, or Old Bailey sessions-
house, adjoins Newgate prison ; presents no architec-
tural feature of any interest; has a dining-room, where
tlie judges dine when the court business is over; was
established, in its present character, in 1331; is the
place of trying prisoners for grave offences committed
within 10 miles of St. Paul's; and has courts for trying
them twelve times a-year. The Bankruptcy court b in
Basinghall-street. The Insolvent Debtors' court Ls in
Portugal-street, Lincolns-Inn-fields; and has jurisdic-
tion over all places within 20 mUes of London. The
Sheriffs' court is held in the court-house, Basinghall-
street; and tlie Lord ^layor's court is held in the Guild-
hall Clerkenwell sessions-house, on Clerkenwell-green,
ranks nest in imfiortanco to the Central Crimiiial court;
and has been noted in the article Clkrke.swell. — The
police courts for the Cit}- are held at the Mansion-house
and the Guildhall ; and those for the metropolitan police
territory are held at Bow-street, Vinccnt-S'j^uare, M.irl-
borough - street, Higli - street - ilarylebone, Boguigge-
wells-road, Worship-street, Shoreditch, .i^bour-street-
Stepuey, Lower Kennington-lano- Lambeth, Blackman-
street-Southwark, Blackheath-hill, Brick-lane-IIammer-
smith, and Love-liine-Wandsworth. The present me-
tropolitan police system was established in 1829, and
superseded a previous system of constables and watch-
men. The arrangements and number of its force will be
noticed in the subsequent section on Statistics. — New-
gate prison stands in the Old Bailey, near the site of the
ancient City gate whence it has its name; \Tas founded,
in its present furm, in 1770, as an addition to a previous
old prison; was but partially constructed in 1780, when
the old prison underwent demolition in the Gordon riots
of that year ; advanced thence rapidly to completion in
1782 ; was used for debtors, as well as for felons, till
1815; has been used thence for felons onl}"; pos.>essed,
till recently, proper capacity for no more than 133 male
and GO female prisoners ; has been enlarged by a new
■wing, containing 156 cells, and affording scope for an
improved system of discipline ; is often packed, before
the meeting of the sessions, ^vith upwards of double the
number of prisoners for which it is fairly adapted; and
was fonuerly notorious for its fearful jail distemper, and
for the nuniber of executions before its walls. Lord
George Gordon, the leader of the riots which destroyed
the old prison, died in the new one in 1793 of the jail
<listemper. — Bridewell stood in Bridgc-street-Blackfri.irs,
immediately bchuid the church of St. Bride, Fleet-street;
was originally a manor-hou-jc, given by Edward VI. to
the City, to be used as a house of correction and a work-
house "for the strumpet and idle person, for the rioter
that consumeth all, and for the vagabond that will abide
in no place; " was afterwards used as the City prison and
reformatory for i)ersons sentenced to short terms of im-
prisonment ; gave its name, for many j'ears, as a com-
mon name, to every house of correction in the kingdom;
and ceased to be used in IS.oo, at the completion of the
City house of correction in Ilolloway. The scene of the
fourth plate of Hogarth's " Hartot's Progress" is laid iu
Bridewell. — The Debtors' })rison for the City and for
iliddlesex stands iu AMiitecross-stioet ; was built in
1S15; and has capacity for 33S male and 27 female pri-
soners.— The other metropolitan prisons are ilillbauk
prison iu St. John -the- Evangelist -AVestTiiiuster; the
house of correction in Tothill-ficlds, St. Margaret-^Vest-
minster; the Pentonville or model prison, in Islington
parish ; the City house of correction, in HoUoway ; tho
Middlesex house of detention, in Clerkenwell; the Cold-
Bath-Fields prison, or house of coiTection, in Clerken-
well; the Surrey county jail, in Horsemonger-laue,
Newington; the Surrey countj- house of correction, iu
Wandsworth; the Brixton-Hill prison, for female con-
victs, in BrLxton; and the Queen's prison for debtors,
formerly known as the King's Bench, iu Borough-road,
Southwai-k. All these are noticed in other article.^.
Eeformatory and industrial schools wiU be noticed in a
subsequent section.
The Holborn theatre-royal was built in 18GG; has a
narrow and poor exterior; and measures internally, ex-
clusive of the stage, 70 feet in length, 54 in width, and
35 in height. The new aiuphitheatre, in Ilolbom, was
opened in 1867; and contains about 1,600 seats. The
new East London theatre was opened in 1S67; has a
tavemed front in "Whitechapel-road; and contains seats
or standing-places for about 4,000 persons. The Standard
theatre, in Shoreditch, was burnt in 1866; was rebuilt
in 1867-S ; and contains accommodation for nearly 5,000
persons. Tbe principal other theatres, in the metropolis,
are the new Globe theatre, Newcastle-street, Strand, built
in 1869; the Gaiety theatre, on the site of the Strand
JIusic-hall, and built in 1369; the new Queen's theatre,
Lougacre, opened iu 1367, and containing 1,984 seats;
Her JNIajesty's theatre, Haymarket, burnt in 1867, and
rebuilt in 1863-9, at a cost of about £50,000; Haymarket
theatre, PlajTnarket ; Covent-garden theatre, or Eoyal
Italian oper.\, Covent-garden; Drury - lane theatre,
Di-ury-Iane; the Lyceum, or Engliili opera-house. Strand;
Princess's theatre, Oxford-street; St. Ja.'nes' theatre,
St. James'-street ; the New Adelphi theatre, Sti-aud ;
the Olympic theatre, A\'ych-street, Drury-lane ; Strand
theatre, near St. Clement's church, Strand ; Marylebone
theatre. Church-street; Sadler's Wells theatre, St. John-
strcet-road, Islington; the Britaimia .saloon, Hoxtou;
the Queen's theatre, Tottenham-court-road ; the Surrey
theatre, Blackfriars-road; the Victoria theatre, formerly
the Cobourg, Waterloo -road; Astley's amphitheatre,
AVestminster-bridge-road: and the Grecian saloon, at tlie
Eagle tavern, City-roacL — The principal other places of
amusement are the Alliambra palace, formerly the Pan-
opticon, Leicester-square, for equestrian ])erformauces;
Exeter Hall, Strand, for occasional oratorios; Hanover-
square-rooms, for concerts of the Philharmonic society ;
St. James' hall, Piccadilly, for popular concerts ; St.
George's hall, built in 1867, for concerts; W^illis' rooms,
formerly Almack's, King's- street, St. James's, for balls
and concerts ; Evans's music-room, Covent-garden, for
concerts ; Surrey music-haU, at the Surrey gardens, for
concerts; Burford's panorama, Leicester-square; the Co-
losseum, with diorama, Eegeut's-park ; Cremorue-gor-
dens, Chelsea, for concerts, dancing, short plays, tire-
works, and other entertduments; the Gallery of Illustra-
tion, Regent-street, for si)ecial entertainments; the
Egyptian h;dl, Piccadilly, for special entertainments ;
AV3-ld's great globe, Leicester-square, exhibiting a con-
cave model of the world, 60 feet iu diameter; the Poly-
technic institution. Regent-street and Caveudish-square,
exhibiting many curiosities of scientific character ;
iladame Tu^saud's wax-works. Baker-street, Portman-
square, a grand saloon full of model figures; and the
German gyumasium, St. Old Pancras-road, for athletic
feats. These, and some less prominent places of amuse-
ment, are noticed in other articles; and some places
Tuixcdlj' recreational and scientific, v,t11 bo mentioned iu
the section on Institutions. — Freeniasou's' hall stands
in Great Queen-street, Holborn: occupies tho sit*; ot a
row of small houses called Queen's-place, and part of the
site of the quondam Freeniason.s' tavern ; comprises a
masonic portion, completed iu 1366, at a cost of ±24, 170,
■ — and a tavern portion then in progDJss of erection, to
cost £19,919; auil presents a hau'lsome frontage, witli
Corinthian decorations, four emblematic statues, and
some masonic emblems. — The Hall of Commerce .stauds
iu Threadneedle-street ; occupies the site of a Frencli
church and of St. Anthony's hospital on gi\juud which
LONDON'.
166
LONnDO.N.
coiitaiiK-l n K'nnau pavenipnt; was built ia 1840-3, for
H club; Las decorations in bas-r«lief; end is used for
iiublic meetings. — The New City club-house stands in
George-yard, between Lombard-street and Cornhill ; was
«rected in 1S66, at a cost of about £50,000; and is an
elegant structure of basement and three stories. — The
Cornhill chambers have frontages to Cornhill, Hishops-
fpitc-street, and White Lion-court; were erected in 1S6C,
at a cost of £14,417 ; and have an elegant figade in the
renaissance style, of Tisbury stone, with polished granite
.shafts and pilasters.
The Thames tunnel maybe noticed here introductorily
to a notice of the bridges. It was designed to serve as a
substitute for a bridge to the extreme E parts of London;
it connects AVappiug, on the left bank, with Rotherhithe,
or Redriff, on the right, at a line about 2 miles below
London-bridge; and, thou^'h all underground, it is one
of the most remarkable works in the metropolis. A pro-
ject for something similar between Gravesend and Essex,
was undertaken in 179S, but failed; and a project for the
Thames tunnel itself was entertained so early as 1802,
and vainly attempted in several siibsequent years. The
work was eventually begun in 1S2,5, under the direction
of P>ninel; was repeatedly intermpted by formidable ob-
stacles; was entirely suspended from Aug. 1S28 till Jan.
1835 by irmption of the river; was resumed after thou-
sands of sacks of clay had been thrown into the river-bed
above it, to stop the great orilice through which the
water had burst; was thenceforth carried forward by
means of a powerful shield of 36 cells, piercing its way
through clay and sand, somewhat as the teredo eats
through the hardest wood, the miners working in the
ciUs, with protection of the shield in front and above;
and was completed, ana opened to the public, in 1843.
It consumed about 72,000,000 of bricks, and cost about
.£014,000. It consists of t\vo roadways or two cylinder.s,
separated from each other by a wall pierced at intei-vals
with arches; jiasses at a depth of about 76 feet below
high-water level; and is 38 feet wide, 22i feet high, and
453 feet long. A cylindrical stairway, of 100 steps, leads
to it at each end ; and an inclined spiral roadway for car-
riages, with a gradient of about 1 in 25, was intended
also to lead to it at each end, but never was formed. Tlie
work, for all useful purposes, proved substantially a
failure; it could not be made accessible to carriages, with-
out incurring iiiuch gi'eater cc)>t for the approaches than
could be ventiired; it was available for foot passenger.?,
more as a curiosity than for the puqioses of business or
of ordinary transit; and the yearly revenue of it, derived
from a toll of one penny for each passenger, amounted to
less than £5,000, and was found barely sullicient to keep
the work in repair. The tunnel, therefore, was sold to
the East London Railway company in 1SG5; was closed
as a public footway in July 1SG9; and began to be tra-
versed by railway trains from Wapping to New Cross in
Dec. 1869. — The old London-bridge stood imniediately
below tlie new one. It was preceded, on or near its own
site, by at least three wooden bridges; it was itself built
mainly in 1176; it had twentj- narrow arches, and rose
fonsiilovably in the middle; it was surmounted early by
a cliapel, and afterwards by a dense mass of timber-
liouses; it was the scene, in Elizabeth's time, of a roman-
tic event which founded the fortunes of the ducal family
of Leeds; it was taken down in 1832, after complerion of
the new bridge; and it was found to cover or to embody
a number of objects very int.-resting to antiquaries. — The
new London-bridge w;i3 built in 182.5-1831, after de-
.signs by Ronnie; was publicly opened by William IV^
and Quci/u Adelaide; comprises five elliptic granite
an he.'!, — the central one 152 feet in sjian, and rising 29.\
feet above liigh- water mark; and is 923 feet long from
thi; extremities of the abutment.^, and 54 feet' wide.
Largo spaces were cleared away, on both sides of the
river, for making the apjiroaohes; and contiguous rectili-
Jiear spaces were opened for the construction of new
street-lines of buihlings. The cost of the bridge, to-
gether with that of making tlie approaches, was
£2,5'5(),2()S. The number of carriages and eipiestriaiis
pa.ssing along, in the course of twenty-four hours, ex-
ceeds 20,000; and tliat of pedestrians is not less than
107,000. — South w.(rk-briJ-:e connects Quecu-strjetin the
City with Bridge -street, Sv.uthwark; stands .al>out J of a
mile above London bridge; was erected in 1815-9, after
designs by Rennie; comprises three cast-iron arches,
resting on stone piers ; has a span of 210 feet iu each of
the side arches, and of 240 feet in the central arches; is
70S feet long; consumed about 5,780 tons of iron; and
cost, inclusive of approaches, about £800,000. It was
erected by a company; and a penny toil was imposed.
P)Ut the company found it unremunerating, and were
willing, a number of years ago, to sell it for £300,000. —
Elackfriars-bridge connects Bridge-street in the City with
Blackfriars-road, Southwark, at" a line about J a mile
above Southwark- bridge; was origin^iUy buUt in 17C0-9,
at a costof £152,840; cocsistedof nine arches; measured
995 feet in length, and 42 feet in ^\•^dth ; underwent
alterations in 1837, lowering it, and removing its open
balustrade ; and has given place to an entirely new bridge,
founded in Dec. 1865. This is in a modified Venetian-
Gothic style; measures 922 feet in length and 85 feet in
width; has piers of granite, surmounting columns of po-
lished granite, and ornate arches of wrought iron, from
155 feet to 185 feet in span; cost about £650,000; and
was opened by the Queen on 6 Nov. 1869. — The bridges
further up — the Waterloo, the Westminster, the Lam-
beth, the Vauxhall, the Battersea, and the Chelsea — are
noticed in other articles; and the railway ones will be
noticed iu the section on Railway Works.
The monument commemorative of the great fire, stands
on Fish-street hUl, 202 feet distant from the house in
which the fire originatevl, and not far from London-
bridge; was constructed in 1671-7, after a design by
Wren, at a cost of £13,700; comprises a pedestal 28 feet
square and 40 feet high, a Doric column 15 feet iu dia-
meter, and a surmounting gilded blazing urn 42 feet
high; has a total height of 202 feet; is hollow, and con-
tains a staircase of 345 steps; has sculptured figures on
the pedestal, carved by C. G. Cibber, and emblematic of
the ruin and restoration of the City, — and four dragons
at the four angles, carved by Pierce; and h.ad formerly an
inscription attributing the tire to the treachery and malice
of the Popish faction, — an inscription not originally on
it, bat added in 1631, oVliteratcd in the time of James
II., re-cut in the time C'f William 111., and finally erased
in 1831. Six persons, from 1750 till 1842, threw them-
selves from the top of the monument; and, to prevent
any more such suicide?, a disfiguring cage-like balcony
■was formed on the summit. A monument of Queen
Anne stands in St. Paul's churchyard, before the W door
of the catliedral; was erected in 1703, by F. Bird; and
is a standing statue, on a pedestal, bearing emblems of
England, Scotland, Irel;ind, and France. A statue of
William IV. is in King William-street, near London-
bridge. A bronze equestrian statue of the Duke of Wel-
lington, by Chantrey, is in front of the Royal Exchange.
A monument of Queen Elizabeth is at St. Dunstan's,
Fleet-street. A memorial fountain, in honour of the
benefactors of St. La-.vrence-JewTy and St. Slary 3Iag-
dalene-Jlilk-street parishes, w;is erected in 1366, in
Guildhall-yard; is in the pointed stylo of the 14th cen-
tury, 9 feet square at the base, and 32 feet high; consists
of Portland stone and Batli stone, witli polished granite
.shafts; and includes two statues of the patron saints, and
a bronze bas-relief of ^Moses striking the rock. — The chief
monuments in other pirts of the metropolis, and mostly
noticed in other artiele.s, are of Charles I., at Chariug-
cross; Charles II., in .*- iho-squnre ; James II., in Wliite-
hall-yard; William III., in St. Jamos'-square; Queen
Anne, in Queen-square, Bloomsbury; George I., in
Loicester-.square; Gcor^'e II., in Golden -square; George
III., in Cockspur-street; George IV., in Trafalgar-square;
Queen Victoria, iu PiirUeo; the Prince Consort, in llyde-
park; William Duke ofCumborland, in Cavendish-square;
the l)uke of Vork, in Carlton House-giirdens; Lonl
Nelson, in Trafalgar-square; tlie Duke of Wellington, at
ITyde-park-corner; Generals Napier and Ilavelock, iu
Trafalgar -S(pia re; Pi:r, in Hanover - square ; Fox, in
Blo.nnsbury-square; Cuining, in Pal, ice-yard; Richard
LONDON.
165
LONDON.
Coeur de Lion, in New Palace-yard; the Dake of Bedford,
in Russell-square; the Duke of Kent, in Portland-place;
Major Cartwright, in Burtou-crescent; Lord George Ben-
tinck, in Cavendish -square; Dr. Jenner, in Trafalgar-
Eciuare; George Stephenson, at Euston-square station;
Capt. Coram, at the Foundling hospital; the Guards who
fell in the Crimea, in Waterloo-place, at the foot of Re-
gent-street; Sir James Outram, on the Thames embank-
ment; Sir John J'ranklin, erected in 1866, in Waterloo-
place; Lord Herbert, in 1867, in Pall Mall; and Lord
Clyde, in 1867. in the United Service Club gardens.
Railway Works. — The railways inxmediarely affecting
the metropolis, as they stood either compleie or progress-
ing in 1869, and including amalgamations, are the Crystal
Palace and South London Junction, the East London,
the Edgware, Ilighgate, and London, the Great Eastern,
the Great Northern, the Great Western, the Hammer-
smith and City, the Loudon and BlackwaU, the London,
Brighton, and South Coast, the London, Chatham, and
Dover, the London and Greenwich, the London and
Northwestern, the London and Southwestern, the Lon-
don, Tilbury, and Southend, the Metropolitan, the Me-
tropolitan District, the Metropolitan and St. John's
Wood, the Midland, the North London, Highgate,
and Alexandra Park, the Northwestern and Chaiing-
cross, the Southwestern, the Victoria Station and
Pinilico, the Waterloo and WTiitehall, the West Lon-
don, and the West London Extension. Most of these,
as railways, are separately noticed in articles of their
own; so that they do not require to be furtlier mentioned
here. Portions of railway lines and works within the
metropolis are also mentioned in separate articles, — as
Baiteusea, GnEENWicu, Kixo's- Cross, Lambeth,
Paddingtox, Pimlico, SoirxnwAUK, and others; so
that these also do not require further u:eution. The
portions of railway lines and works in the outskirts of
the metropolis, and in the outer suburbs, uwrly resemble
railway lines and works throughout the couutrj' generally;
so that they, too, do not require to be noticed here.
"What we have to do, in the present section, is to notice
such railway works as make distinct featm-es within the
metropolis, and as are not noticed in other arricles. JIany
of these are of the intersecting and unsightly character
which we indicated, in the section on Stracture, to be
damaging or destructive to picturesqueness; and few are
of a kind to be admired for either their grouping or their
architecture; yet all figure so prominently, both in feature
and for utility, that they challenge attention as strongly
as the public buildings.
The terminal stations, for the most part, are all similar
to one another, varying chiefly in magnitude and in archi-
tectural pretensions; are remarkable for capaciousness,
ample equipments, and line adaptation to their special
uses ; and give to strangers a striking view of the pro-
digiousness of London traffic. Tlie Fen;hurch -street
station was originally the small terminus of the London
and BlackwaU railway; was built in 1841, aad afterwards
much enlarged; and became tlie terra iuus also of the
North London railway, and of the Eastern Counties and
London, Tilbury, and Southend lines, communicating
through the BlackwaU extension. — The Shoreditch or
Bishopsgate station was bnUt in 1844 as the terminus of
the Eastern Counties railway; became also the terminus
of a short line to North Woolwich, and of the numerous
amalgamated lines and connexions of the Great Eastern;
and wiU become a subordinate station oa completion of
works of the Great Eastern within the metropolis, au-
thorized iu 1864 and 1865. These works include a new
terminal station, and several short lines, on a capital of
£l,55l),000, with, borrowing powers to the amount of
£519,660. The new terminus is on the N side of Liver-
pool-street, Finsbury, imraediately E of a new terminus
of the North London line; and tlie space cleared for the
two termini, before the close of 1861, was of great ex-
tent. A new line goes from the new terniiLus, for nearly
i a mile, through back streets, across Bishor>3gate-strcet-
Witliout, by White Lion-street and Commercial-street;
proceeds thence, along the S side of the old main line to
i. point near the Bethn;il-Greeu-road; quits there the
main line; proceeds parallel with, and on the W side of,
the Cambridge-road, to Hackney; is united there, by two
short branches, with the North London line; proceed*
northward, through Dalston; sends off there a branch
north-eastward, across Hackney-downs and Upper Clap-
ton, to the Leyton marshes; goes onward, across New-
ington-common and Stamford-hiU; is united there, by
three short loops, with the old Eastern Counties line, and
with the Tottenham and Hampstead Junction; proceeds,
through Tottenham, to Edmonton ; and there joins the
Enfield branch of the Great Eastern. — The new terminus
of the North London line was opeui.-d, though not com-
pleted, in Nov. 1865; and serves also as a terminus for
part of the traffic of the London and Northwestern. It
is a spacious brick structure, in the Italian style, with
a central clock tower; presents a somewhat novel, yet
pleasing and appropriate exterior; is interiorly light and
commodious; and has the offices and platforms of the
North Loudon on one side, and those of the London and
Northwestern on the other. New works, in connexion
with it, were authorized in 1861, 1864, and 1S67; and
the chief of these, designed to save the long journey by
Hackney, Bow, and Stepney, is a direct line from Kings-
land to Liverpool-street. This line crosses Kingsland-
road, to the S of the old station ; proceeds £ of that road,
nearly to Shoreditch; crosses again the main road; and
proceeds, W of Shoreditch, Norton-Holgate, and Bishops-
gate-street, to Liverpool-street. It interferes, in a re-
markable degree, with the levels of the streets E of
Kingsland-roud; occasioned the demolition of about 900
houses ; and has some bridges, particularly a skew bridge
near Shoreditch church, of notable engineering character.
— The North London, Highgate, and ^Uexandra Park
raUway, authorized in 1865, and 4.^ miles long, leaves
the North London line by the new cattle market ; goes
north-westward, through a comer of Camden-Town, and
E of the church in Cumden-square; proceeds at tlie back
of Kentish-Town, across tlie Junction-road, and under
Highgate-hiU; and joins the Edgwaro and Highgate line
at the foot of Jlount Pleasant; but in consequence of tht)
doubtful prospects of .Uexandra Park, was not begun to
be constructed at the beginning of 1S6S.
The Kings-Cross station was erected in 1850, as the
teiTninus of the Great Northern railway, with accom-
modation also for the Midland raUway traffic; is noted
for a platform of 800 feet, for height of stmcture, and for
roofs 105 feet in span without ties. A veiy spacious
goods depot connected with it, is situated to the NW,
adjacent to Agar-Town; a tunnel occurs to the N of the
passenger station, immeiliately E of the goods depot; and
new works, for facilitation of the traffic, were contem-
plated in 1865, adjacent to the new cattle market. — A
terminal station for the extension of the Midland rail-
way from Bedford to London occasioned vast preparatory
demolitions in 1S63-5. A largo part of Agar-Town, in-
cluding a newly erected clunch, was taken down by these
demolitions; and most of the remainder of that place
was destined to be removed by the new northward works
of the Great Northern terminus. The Midland exten-
sion was autlionzed in 1863, on a capital of £1,750,000,
with borrowing powers for £583,330; it was completed
in 1363; and it approaches London through Hampstead,
crosses Kenti.^h-Town by the Junction-road, and traverses-
Camden-Tu\TO, Agar-Town, and Soiners-Town. The
terminus extf^nds 340 feet along the Euston-road, from
a lino inim;diately W of the Great Northern terminus;
is covered with an iron-girder roof 240 feet in span
and 150 feet high; has vast underground arrangements,
inclusive of connexions with the Metropolitan railwaj-;
and was not completed in 1860; but promi.sed then to
be the most magnificent railway terminus in the metro-
polis. The goods station is at Ag;!,r-Town; and has
one warehouse upwards of two acres in area, ami other
warehouses and sheds of colossal size. — Tlie Euston-
square station was erected in 1833, as the ti-rminns of
the London and Birmuigham railway; became the tri
minus of the very numeroas amalgamations and connex-
ions of tlie London and Northwestern; and has a splen-
did Doric entrance, and a great hall, 125 feet Ion;;, with
LONDON.
167
LONDON.
a statue of Gcoige Sti'pluiisoii at tho upper eud.— The
Kortluvestera auil Chariii;,'-crod3 scheme, to construct a
railway from tlie H.inipstcaJ-roaii to the Charing-cross
bridge, with a braiii:h to the Loudou and Northwestern,
and to form several new streets between Tottenham-court-
road and the Strand, was authorised iu 1S64 and aban-
doned in ISO/; but was likely, in some respects, to be
taken up by other parties. The line is underground;
deflects from the Northwestern at Oakley-square ; goes
southward along the E side of ilampstead-road and Tot-
tenbam-court-road ; proceeds through the Seven Dials,
and along the line of Upper St. Martin's-lane; crosses
King William-street; and descends, on a steep incline,
under the Straud opposite the Lowther arcade, to the N
abutment of the Chariug-cross bridge. The principal
surface change arising from this work is a very fine new-
street from the Strand, E of St. Martin's church, along
St. ilartin's-lane, through Seven Dials and W of St.
Giles' church, to O.-cfurd-street, opposite Tottenham-
court-road. — The Great Western railway's terminus in
PraeJ-street, Paddington, was erected in 1S41; is a fine
and very extensive structure;" has four platforms, 700
feet long and 2i0 feet wide, with ten lines of rail coming
to them; is covered \vith three admirably constructed
iron roofs, the central one DO feet iu span, the side ones
each 70 feet; and has attached to it a maguificeut hotel.
The Victoria-road station, Pimlico, was erected in
1S60, in terms of an act of 185S, for a lino 1\ mile long,
■with bridge over the Thames, to connect with the AVest
End and Crystal palace at Battersea; became the station
for the London, Chatham, and Dover railway, and for
the Brighton and other lines and brandies to the S of the
Thames ; became also a station of the Metropolitan rail-
way, and a nexus of general railway communication
round the metropolis; was found in ISfcio to be so insuffi-
ciently commodious for the vast increase of traffic, that
means were then devised, and new works constructed, to
relieve the pressure on it; and has, in connexion with it,
the remarkably large and splendid hotel noticed in our
section on Structure. — The Loudon, Chatham, and Dover
company were authorized in 1S(J0 to make three exten-
sions in connexion with the Uietropolis; the first a rail-
way i miles and 21 chains in length, from a junction at
Beckenham with the Famborough Hue to Herne-hill ;
the second a railway i miles and 32 chains in' length,
from Herne-hill, across the river Thames, at Blackfriare,
to the E side of Faringdon-street, together with two short
junctions into the Metro]iolitan near Victoria-street, and
at Sruithfield; the third a railway 2 miles and 65 chains
in length, in prolongation of the first from Herne-hill to
a junction with the Victoria station short line to Batter-
sea, together with a. short junction into the Southwestern
at Battersea, and a short junction into the preceding line
iu Lambeth. The Comi^auy were authorized also, by
several acts in lSGl-6, to make alterations on these
works, and important additions to them; including a
junction of IJ mile at Battersea, an extension from I'eck-
naiT; to Greenwich, and a new branch, from near Wands-
worth station across the Thames, to the Victoria station.
The works went vigorously forward till 1866; but they
then leceived a shock from a rujiture iu the financial con-
dition of the company. The portions of them through
Si-uthwark, past the Elephant and Castle, to the bridge
across the Thames, are on a massive scale. A station,
erected at the S end of the bridge, is a somewhat hand-
some structure of moulded bricks, capacious, lofty, and
well-arranged. The bridge acro.ss the Thames stands
close to the new Blackfriars bridge; is 1,010 feet long
between the abutments, and 55 feet wide; comprises a
central span of 2fr2!, feet, two end spans of each 17o:,'
feet, and two intenuediale spans of each 192^ feet; lias a
level of 324 feet above high-wator mark; consists, as to
its frame-work, of three series of main lattice girders, at
the sides and alon.'' the centre, each 15 feet high; and is
borne on quadruj.'le groups of huge cast-iron columns,
resting 011 solid stone |)iers, which descend to a depth of
30 feet below the river's bed. This briilge and the new
Blackfriars ono clos.dy resemble each other; have the
eanio number of arohe?; are by the same engineer; and.
however well suited to their uses in strength and stability,
are certainly far from being ornamental. The lino goes
boldly from the bridge into the City, and is carried over
Ludgatc-hill by a viailuct. That viaduct has utterly
spoiled one of the finest street-views in the metropolis;
and is one of the most unsightly objects ever constructed,
in any such situaliou, anpvherc in the world. A great
deal of surface ornamentation has been put on it, by way
of mitigating the eye-sore; but even had the ornamenta-
tion been gi-eater and better than it is, it would, on such
an object, in such a place, have been little else than
mockery. Better mitigations are that a light trellised
foot-briilge is constructed on each side, to atford a safe
means of crossing Ludgate-hill at the spot; aud that
operations have been done increasing the width of Lud-
gate-hill to 60 feet from the Old Bailey to Bridge-street
A station stands immediately beyond the viaduct; pre-
sents a principal front, of great length, toward Bridge-
street, but situated about 30 feet from it ; and, in general
character, resembles the Blackfriars' station, but is more
ornamental. The goods station is on the site of the old
Fleet prison. The junction-line with the Metropolitan,
together with the formation of the connecting-points,
was completed in the early part of 1866. A junction
with the Great Northera also was then in progress; and
this is so deeply subterranean that the roof of its tunnel
passes 15 feet belox the Hoor of the underground Metro-
politan. The aggregate disfigurement of the metropolis
by the Loudon, Chatham, and Dover railway, particularly
by its viaducts and irs bridges, is very gi-eat.
Waterloo station, on the S side- of the river, near
Waterloo bridge, Wiis erected in ISH, as the terminus of
the London and Southampton railway; became the sta-
tion for the numerous amalgamations and connexions of
the London and Southwestern ; and is a plain structure,
but spacious and convenient. Two short lines bringing
traffic to it, and aft'ectiug the outskirts of the metropolis,
were completed in 166S; the one a short additional line
between Battersea and Ciapham junction; the other a
line frum Wimbledon, splirting into two curves round
Jlertou, and going into junction with the South London,
Tooting, and Sutton, and with the London, Brighton,
and South Coast. — The Kensington, Hammersmith., and
Kichmond branch of the London and Southwestern also
was completed in 1S6S; starts from the Kensington sta-
tion of the West London; goes westward across Shcp-
herds'-bush-lane; curves then to the south; crosses the
Hammersmith and Cityline near Broadway, in Hammer-
smith, and proceeds first westward anil then southward
to Kichmond. — The Hammersmith and City line goes
from the Great Western, at Green Lane-bridge to Ham-
mersmith, with a branch to Kensington; is 3 miles and
25 chains in length: and was opened over most of that
length, in July 1861. — The London-bridge station at the
S end of London-bridge, was erected in 1841 ; serves for the
Southeastern, the Brighton and South Coast, the Green-
wich, the North Kent, the Mid Kent, the Crystal Palace,
the Charing-cross, and the London, Chatham, and Dover
lines; forms a plain and irregular mass of building, on a
great extent of space; and is remarkable ehiefiy for the
enormous bustle attendant on its traffic. A line from it,
with a bridge over the Thames, into the City and on to
Cannon-street, was authorised in 1801; and was com-
pleted iu Sept. 1860, with t!ie efi'ect of much demolition.
The bridge crosses the Thaiues, midway between Loiulon
and Southwark bridges, has two end spans each 135
feet, and three intermediate spans each 167 feet; rests
its pbitform, at a height of 25 feet above high-water
mark, on sixteen huge iron piers, or cylinders, and brick
abutments; has the piers in rows of four, beliindoiic an-
other, so as to ollVr the least possible obstruction to tho
current; and was op'-ned in 1866. Both it and tho
terminus, though greatly convenient, have injured
the scenery of the Thames; and a huge and Jiideous
roof on t'lie latter has destroyed the fine city-ward view
froni London bri'ige. Thi terminus presents a grand
front to Cannon-street, consisting chielly of the spacious
hotel already noticed; and, together witli its connected
works, occupies a very cxteu.sive space. All tho Old
LOXDON.
16S
LOXDON.
Steel-yaril, v.-bicli figures much in tbe earlj- history of
London, is taken u]) by it; and a broad line of brick
arches goes thence to Cannon-street. — The Charing-cross
line, from the London-bridge station to Charing-cross, is
worked by the Southeastern company; and the jxirtion
of it from London-bridge station to the vicinity of the
bridge across the Thames, is identical with the line into
the City at Cannon-street. A huge iron bridge goes
over the road way from the station; an enormous iron
tube, long, high, and most ungainly, goes across ■Welling-
ton-street, with severe injury to its formerly fine views;
a struggling course follows, past the church of St. Mary-
Overy, across the Borough market, and through dense
back-streets; another ungainly tube crosses the fine new
street from Blackfriars into Southwark, utterly spoiling
its handsome aspect; two more unsightly tubes cross
Blackfriars' road, at awkward angles to each other and
to the lines of houses; and another intersecting struggle
through dense back streets goes onward to the site of
the quondam beautiful Hungerford suspension bridge.
A bridge, on that removed bridge's site, takes the railway
across the Thames; presents a general resemblance to
the two other railway bridges, already noticed; has, on
each side, a pathway 7 feet wide for foot-jiassengere,
with ornamental balustrade; and opens, at the X end,
immediately into the station. The station occupies all
the quondam Hungerford market ; e.vtemis from Craven-
street to ViUiers-street; has, in its locomotive part, a
lofty, glazed, semi-circular, iron roof, of about 170 feet
in span ; and presents its superb hotel front to Villiers-
street and the Strand.
The Jletropolitan railway, popularly called the Under-
•ground railway, was authorized in 1S53, for a line of
about 4 miles from the Great Western hotel at Padding-
ton, along the New Koad, to Faiingilon-street; acquired
powers of various kinds, particularly for extensions, in
subsequent years; was authorized especially, in IScil, for
extension to Finsbury-circus, and in 1864, for one ex-
tension to Nottiug-hill, Kensington, and Brompton, and
for another exteusion from Finsburj'-circus to Tower-
hill; and had expended on its works, at 31 Dec. 1866,
±■4,668,760. The portion of it from Paddington to
Faringdon-street was formed under many difficulries,
and amid some disasters; occasioned, even in its sub-
terranean progress, especially about Clerkenwell, much
damage to houses; produced, in its open cuttings, un-
gainly gaps through streets and terraces; aggravated the
disfigurements by having stations of tasteless character;
and was opened for traffic on 10 Jan. 1863. That por-
tion of the line gave communication with the Great
AVestern at Paddington, and \vith the Great Northern at
King's-cross, Jind was constructed to give communication
■also ^vith the SlitUand; and the subsequent portions con-
templated comnnmication at vaiious points, or through
intermediate links, with all the other lines entering or
traversing the metropolis. The extension to Finsbury-cir-
cus passes through Smithfield, and communicates with
the Metropolitan meat and poultry market; and, though
executed under heavy diflSculties, has not produced any
such disfigurement to the streets as has resulted from the
surface lines. The Finsbury-circus region, from the in-
\-asion of both the Metropolitan and the Great Eastern,
undergoes a great revolution, passing from a state of
quietude and religiousness, with the London Institution,
the Missionary offices and museum, the famoos Dissent-
ing Tabernacle, the Congregational Ministerial library,
and the Roman Catholic church and schools around it,
into a state of the utmost secular noisiness and bustle.
Tlie Metropolitan station there is double ; one section
being reserved exclusively for the Jletropolitan's own
traffic; the other section devoted to the. traffic of the
Great Western, the Great Northci-u, the ^Midland, the
London, Chatham, and Dover, and the other connected
lines. The e.xtension to Notting-hill, Kensington, and
Brompton, was completed in 1S6S; goes across Lein-
-ster-gardens to Vcnibridge-sgiiare; tum.s there to the
soutli; crosses the foot of Notting-hill ; piii^ses along
Churcli-lane; crosses the Kensington-road to the Ken-
■siugtoT) workhouse; passes there into the Jletropolitan
District railway ; and is connected thence, by short
branches, ■with the West London Junction, and, through
that, with the Southern, Western, and Northern lines
generally. The extension from Fins-ury-circus to Tower-
hill, authorized in 1S64, is about a mile in length, and
was to be constructed on a capital of £700,000 in shares
and £'233,000 on loan. A considerable portion of the
original lino, between King's-cross and Faringdon-road,
imdcrwent widening in 1865-6, by the construction of a
new tunnel alongside the old one; and, at the same time,
a very ample arrangement of tunnels, old and new, was
being made at King's-cross. The number of paosengers
during the second half year of 1S63, on the portion of
the Metropolitan then opened, w:is 4,631,738; and the
number during the first half year of 1567 was 11,488,358.
— The Metropolitan and St. John's-Wood railway was
authorized partly in 1S64, partly in 1S65; starts from the
Metropolitan station at Baker-stre*;t; goes along Park-
road, '\Vellington-road, and the E side of the Finchley-
road, to the Finchlej'-road station of the Hampstead
Jimcrion railway; and was completed in 1S6S.
The Metropolitan District railway was authorized in
1864, for a series of Hues, aggi-egatelv 8 miles long, on a
capital of £3,600,000 in shares and £1,200,000 on loan,
to complete an inner circle of railway N of the Thames,
extentling from Brompton, by Westminster bridge and
the N bank of the Thames, to Feiichurch-street, with
branches to Kensington. The line starts from the Me-
tropolitan at Kensington workhouse ; passes through
South Kensington and Old Brompton, not far S of the
site of the lutematiunal Exhibition and the Kensington
museum: goes thence south-eastn-ard, through Chelsea,
to the Victoria station in Pimlico; proceeds along the
centre of Victoria-street, and by Tothill-street, to the
foot of Westminster bridge; goes thence along the Thames
embankment to Blackfriare bridge; has an exchange
station, at Charing-cro.^s bridge, with tl^e Charing-cross
and the Northwestern and Charing-cross lines ; proceeds
from Blackfriars bridge under the Loudon, Chatham,
and Dover line; goes thence eastward, for a short dis-
tance, along the new street from Blackfriars to the Jlan-
sion House ; proceeds along Knightrider-street to tho
City terminus of the Sontheastem line in Cannon-street;
proceeds thence across King-William-strcet, by King
William's monument; runs parallel to Eastcheap and
Tower-street; goes by a curve to Trinity-squaro, Tower-
hiU ; bends round thence by the Minories ; receives,
soon afterwards, a short junction brancli from the Black-
wall line; crosses Aldgate High-street; turns then to
the west ; traverses the back streets E of Houndsditch;
crosses Bishopsgate-street; passes along Liverpool-street,
contiguous to the new termini of the Great Eastern and
the North London lines ; runs through the centre of
Finsbury-circus; terminates in a junction ^ith the Me-
tropolitan at Little Jloorfields; and thence to its start-
ing-point has running powers on the iletropolitan. It
does not run into any of the termini or main stations
which it passes, but luis only excha.ige stations contigu-
ous to them ; and it is designed to be worked by trains
running continuously round its circle, and stopping only
to take up and set do\vn passengers at the exchange sta-
Hons. It is nearly all an underground work ; and it
therefore occasions a comparatively small demolition of
houses ; 3'et it shakes the surface over long and crowded
reaches, occasioning great hindrance to street traffic dur-
ing the process of its formation; and it also causes de-
struction of many of the sewers in its route, and an alter-
ation, more or less, in the whole. The portion of it west-
waid of Westminster bridge was nearly completed at the
end of 186S; but the portion eastward of W. bridge
was then very little advanced. — The East London
railwaj- was authorized in 1S65, for a line 8^ miles long,
on a capital of £1,400,000 in shares an-d £400,600 on
mortgage; and, 1)y means of the Tliamcs tunnel, to con-
nect the railways, on the N and the S of the Thames,
and to afford ready comnnmication for traffic between
tho opposite sides of the river "below bridge." The
line commences at a terminus in Liverpool-street, Fins-
bury, underneath the Great Eastern terminus, — the level
LONDON'.
ica
LOXDOIf.
of its rails there being 16 feet below the sti'cet, while
that of the Great Eastern is IS feet above it ; and, both
in the vioir.iry of the tenninus, and in the neighbourhoods
of the Thames runnel, the line is subterranean. It goes
vnirr the line of the Great Ea.stem to the station at
fehoreditch ; carves thence round to a central station on
the X of \\Tiitechapel-road; is joined there by a branch
Iraring the New Tottenham and Enfield line of the
G.'ta: Eastern Et the Cambridj,'e-road; goes from the
"VTLiteohapel-road station to the E of the London hospital,
r.ril under the Commercial-road, southward to the Thames
tancel ; parses cnder the London Dock company's east
dxk. in approaching the tunnel; gives accommodation
u> the d'jcks ou the ^ side, on emerging from the tunnel;
rasses, by the Grand Jimction dock, through Rother-
rdthe; and goes onward to junctions with tlie Brighton,
the Soath London, the Southeastern and tlie North
Kent i-ailwajs, near New Cross. — The Blackwall and
Isle of Dogs extension, 5} miles long, was authorized in
15'j5: rjoes from the Poplar goods station of the Black-
wall rajway; crosses the eastern entTance and the south
and timber basins of the West India docks; and has
curved branches, E and \V*, in the Isle of Dogs. — The
"VTitrrloo and AVliitehall railway w.is authorized in 1865,
on a capital of £100,000 in shares and £33,000 on loan,
for a line J of a mile in length, on the pneumatic prin-
ciple, from Sootland-yard, Charing-cross, to a station in
Tine-street, N of the Southwestern 's Waterloo terminus.
The line consists chiefly of a tube, capacious enough to
admit the transit of a full-sized oninibas carriage ; tra-
v?rj>3 the bed of the Thames a little above the Charing-
cross railway bridge; and is to be worked by atmospheric
prepare.
An esniaate was made by the Eailway News, about
midstimmer 1S65, that the railway works then in pro-
gress, or soon to ce commenced, in and around London,
on a mo-ierate computation, comprised an aggregate
Itjxr.h. of lllO miles, and involved a cost of £30,000,000.
Namerous new schemes, too, were started or matur-
el before the close of the same year; and the extent
to which five of these affected only Marylebone may be
mentioned to exemplify once more, and very strikingly,
the interference of the railv^.iy works with the street
jronerty. The Sletropolitan raOw.-iy desired additional
j-cwers, which would sweep away property by the mass
along the ilarvlebone road; the Metropolitan and St.
Joiui'i-wood railway, to extend its previous limits of de-
viation, with the effect of entirely removing Park-place,
lilandrord-place, and Taonton -place, and of t.iking .ill
j'rcf«:rt}- in or fronting the Park-road; the Kilbum rail-
way, to ran a line from Biker-street by the side of the
St. .John's-wood line to St. John'.s-wood-road. with the
eifect of taking all the property on the W side of Upper
Baker-street to Allsop-place, together with other pro-
perty; the Metropolitan railway, to make two collecting
lines for its station, \rith the effect of taking a vast
am.oont of property ou the East side of Baker street, on
t-he E side of Orchard-street, and between Portland-road
aad Balsover-st.'eet; the Zdid London, to form a line,
with sweeping c-£c-ct upon property, interfering with the
carriage-way of O.xford-srreet, from Eilgware-road to
Jlereford-street, and then going southeastward into the
fariih of St- George-Hanover-square.
c^i. PaiWs Cafh^draL— The original St. Paul's cathe-
dral, on the same site as the present, wm built in 604,
by Ethelb^ert, uncle of King Sebert; and was burnt to
the ground ininSr. A second cathedral, on tlie same
site, wa3 founded in 10S7, by Bisliop Maurice; was re-
paired in 1135, by P.ishop Niger, after having been
grtatlr iLi-maged by fire: was not completed till 1315 ;
was 7«rti.illy restored, in the time of Charles I., by
laigo .Jonfr3 ; and wa.s completely destroyed by the gre.oit
K.-v. It consisted of navn, transr-pt, choir, presb\-tery,
Li ly chapel, two wisteni towers, and a central tower;
aai h.i.J, connected with it, a doulde cloister and a ehap-
ter-liouse. The choir was completed iu 1 252, and was ISS
f-.;t lung. Th'.' transept wa^ comphtod in 1256, and was
130 feet long. Th': nave w,i.i coinplntcd in 1253, and was
1"2 feet high. The central tower was built in 1221, and
was 260 feet high ; and a spire was raised upon it in 1 31 5,
was 274 feet high, perished by fire in 1561, and was not
rebuilt. The entire pile was 629 feet long; and, prior
to the partial restoration of it by Inigo Jones, was all in
the English pointed style. Jones' restoration consisted
chiefly of a portico or W front, 200 feet in front.age, 50
feet in depth, and 40 fecf in height, set between two
western towers; and Wiis in the Palladian style, utterly
incongruous with tlie rest of the edifice. The choir had
a splendid E marigold window. The nave, the transept,
the choir, the presb_\-tery, and the Lady chaj.el were all
aisled, and had a uniform height of vaulting. St. Greg-
ory's church was on the S W side of the nave ; chantries
occupied the E aisle of the transept; an<l St. Faith's
church was the undercroft. The central tower had lofty
triplets of lancets and eight unicjue flying buttresses,
two at each angle. The cloister comprised two open
aUeys, the one below, the other above ; and the chapter-
house stood in the centi-e, and was a very fine structure.
A library was in the crypt of St. Faith's; contained
books to the value of £150,000; and was utterly de-
stroyed in the great fire. Some monuments in the crj-pt
were preserved; particularly a bust of Dean Colet,
founder of St. Paul's school, au efiigics of Sir Nicholas
Bacon, father of Lord Bacon, and monuments of Dr.
Donuo and Sir Christopher Hatton. Other monuments
in the cathedral were destroyed; particularly those of
Ivings Seba and Ethelrcd, Lacy Earl of Lincoln, John of
Gaunt, the Duchess of Bedford, Dean Nowell, Sir Philip
Sidney, Sir Francis Walsingham, and the physician
Linacre.
King John of France made an offering in the cathe-
dral, at the shrine of St. Erkenwald. Henry III. gave
to it 1,500 tapei-s, and dispensed food to 15,000 poor
persons in its garth. Pdchard III. instructed Dr.
Barnes, while ministering in it, to hail him as king at
his entering it. Baldock, in 1 209, cursed in it all per-
sons who h.id searched for hidden treasure in St. Mar-
tins-le-Grand. A mob, in 1326, dragged Walter de
Staplcdou, bishop of Exeter, from its altar, to undergo
death at Cheapsidc-cross. Jane Shore did penance in it.
Wjxliffe was tried in it for his doctrines. Dean Colefs
boy-bishop ministered in it. A choir of singers, on great
festivals, in the time of Mary, sang anthems after ves-
pers far aloft in its spire. Bankes and his famous horse
mounted to the top of it in 1600. Some secular use of
its aisles, especially .as a thoroughfare, '.vas made so early
as 1400; and tins became so great in the time of Miry
that an order was then issued prohibiting hucksteis,
porters, and cattle from passing through. Further se-
cular uses, of even an offensive or a scandalous kind,
were afterwards made of its doors, its approaches, and its
precincts. The first lottery known in England was drawn,
in 1569, at its W door; advertisements of all sorts were
posted on what was called its Si Quis door ; loungers,
money-changers, serving-men waiting to be hired, law-
yers meeting with clients, ballad-mongers, quacks, rnf-
iiers, stale knights, captains out of service, and masked
wonien thronged its precincts ; usurers, simoners, and
horse-dealers frequented its alleys; strikers of bargains
made their ])a}Tneuts of money to one another at its
font. Protector Somerset took down its cloisters and its
chapter-house, as a qu.arrj- for his palace in the Strand;
the parliament.arians, in the civil war, made it a maga-
zine of arms; .and the authorities, in the great plague-
}-ear, converted it into a pest-house, with about 300 pal-
lets ou its floors. Poets had sung its beauties; monarchs
had gone to it in solemn procession; a long array of min-
isters of religions had held it sacred; and, alter so much
conversion of it to secul.ar uses, some persons were not
slow to think that the fiery desolation which eventually
came down upon it was both a judgment and a purga-
tion. Hence the liiu's, —
" Nor could thy fabric, Paul's ! defend thee lon^',
Tliou;;h thoa wert sacred to thy JIaker's praise,
Though made immortal by a poet's soii^.
And poets' song's the Thehan walls could raise.
The (l.aring flames peeped in and s,aw from afar
Tie awful beauties of the sacred choir;
LONDO^^
170.
LOXDO.N.
But since it was profaned by civil war,
Heaven thought it tit to have it purged by fire,"
The present cathedi-al was built in 1675-1710, at a
cost of £730,75-2, equal to £1,222,437 of the present
time; and was completed under one architect, Sir Chris-
topher "Wren, by one master-mason, Thomas Strong, and
during the episcopate of one bishop, Dr. Henrj- Comp-
ton. It consists of Portland stoue, of a quality much
inferior to that now in common use; is all in the renais-
sance style, Coriuthiau and Composite ; and comprises
a magnificent W front, of portico and two towers, a W
transept, a nave of five bays, a main transept of one bay
in each wing, witli semi-circular portico at each end, a
central dome, and a choir of four bays with aisles, and
with a terminal apse. The W" front is ISO feet wide;
the "W towers are 220 feet high; thenayeLs 212 feet long,
102 feet wide, and 100 feet high; the main transept is 223
feet long, 126 wide, and 100 feet high; the dome, with its
supporting piers, covers upwards of 4 an acre, and is 365
feet high; the choii- is 147 feet long and 100 feet high;
and the entire pile is 84,025 square feet in area, and 462
feet long. The W front is approached by a double flight
of steps of black JIans marble; and has a range of twelve
coupled columns below, a range of eight above, and a
pediment 64 feet by 17. Sculptiu-es of St. Paul's acts
are over the doors; sculptures of his conversion fill the
tympanum; statues of St. Peter and St. James sur-
mount the sides of the pediment; a statue of St. Paul
surmounts the summit; and statues of the four evange-
lists are at the angles of the towers. The SW tower has
a geometrical staircase of 110 steps; and contains the
great bell, 10 feet in diameter, 44 tons in weight, and
tolled onlj' at the death of a member of the royal family,
the bishop of London, the dean of the cathedral, or the
lord mayor. The interior has no triforiura; and, as
compared with that of most cathedrals, looks vacant and
bald. Great efforts were made about 1S65, to raise funds
for profusely decorating it ; but they have not as yet pro-
duced any very marked result. Mosaics have been exe-
cuted by Dr. Salviati; and one of them, representing
Isaiah writing his prophecies, was set up in 1864, — has
a ground of bright gold, — and is thought to exMbit the
prophet in too strained an attitude. An old work is a
great circle of light and dark marble, an-anged like the
mariner's compass, in the centre of the space under the
dome. Other old works, done by Sir James ThomhiU,
and restored in 1854, are eight pictures of the acts of St.
Paul, in the interior of the dome. Strangely inappro-
?riate objects — flags captured in war by the Duke of
'ork, Howe, Kelson, Duncan, and Keith,— were for-
merly hung round the dome, but were removed to
Chelsea hospital. Von Kaumer describes the cathedral
as "destitute of all internal variety, decoration, splen-
dour of colour, a vast white solitude;" and Addison
made liis Indian princes imagine that it was hewn out of
a hiU of stone. "The NW transept contains the morning
chapel, ^vitll screens and wood work; and the SW tran-
sept contains the consistory court, and above it the
library. The choir contains fifteen stalls, the lord mayor's
seat and the bishop's throne, with beantiful carvings of
fruit and foliage by G. Gibbons. The organ stands on
a Corinthian screen; was built in 1694, by B. Schmidt,
at a cost of £2,000; was repaired in 1802; and was re-
cently rebuilt, at a cost of £2,000, by Mr. Hill. The
pulpit was designed by Mylne, cari'ed by "Wyatt, and
set up in 1302. Tiie dome rests on eight vast arches,
wth key stones carv-ed by Gibbons; rises, in a cyclo-
style of thirty-two pilasters, to what is called the whis-
pering gallsry; forms there an attic ; ascends thence in
an immense vault; and is crowned by successively a
lantern, a ball, and a cross. Tlie vault of the dome is
double — inner and outer. The inm-r vault consists of
brick work, two bricks thick, with stone-bandings at
every rise of five feet. The outer vault is of oak, cov-
ered with lead, and has a superficies of 16,087 square
feet. The lantern rests on a concealed brick cone, con-
structed between the two vaults, and secured at the base
by a wrought-irou chain of 95 cwt., cemented with lead
into a course of Portland stone; and it weighs 700 tons.
The present ball and cross were put up in 1824; and the
former is 6 feet 2 inches in diameter, and weighs up-
wards of 5,000 lbs.; while the latter is 15 feet high, and
weighs 3,360 lbs. There are three exterior galleries;
first the stone gallery, next the outer golden galleiy, next
the inner golden gallery; and the last, on a clear morn-
ing, commands a map-like view of all the niutro[)oli3,
with a panoramic view to Epping forest, Highgate,
Ilampstead, and Richmond, and the hills of Reigate and
Wrotham. The ascent to the whispering gallery is by
260 steps; to the outer golden gallery, by 560 steps; to
the ball, by 616 steps.
A crypt extends under all the cathedral ; is the same
crypt which existed under the former cathedral; retains
the few ancient monuments which escaped destruction
by the great iii-e; and contains the ashes of many distin-
guished persons both ancient and modem, together with
some modem tombs and monuments. Here were buried
Bishop B. Waltou of Chester, Bishop T. Newton of
Bristol, Bishop F. White of Ely, Sir Christopher Wren,
Sir Joshua RejTiolds, Dr. Boyce, Lord Kelson, Lord
CoUingwood, James Barry, John Opie, Sir Thomas Pic-
ton, the Earl of Rosslyn, Lord Korthesk, H. Fuseli, E.
Mylne, Benjamin West, J. Rennie, Sir Thomas Law-
rence, J. 51. W. Turner, and the Duke of Wellington.
Lord Kelson's remains are in a coffin made out of the
main mast of the "I'Orient, " and enclosed in a marble
sarcophagus made for Cardinal Wolsey; and those of
Lord Wellington are in a mausoleum hewn out of a solid
mass of chocolate-coloured Luxulyan porphyry, which
weighed 70 tons. Here also, on the right side of the
entrance to the Kelson and Wellingtou tombs, are bust
and tablet memorial of Col. Sir D. SE'Dougall, put up
in 1S65. The monuments in the cathedral itself are
very numerous; and not a few of them arc utterly un-
worthy of their position. Tho chief, together with the
cost and the artist where these are known, are to the fol-
lowing persons, — John Howard, the first monument
erected here, £1,365, by Bacon; Dr. Johnson, £1,575,
by Bacon ; Sir ^^''illiam Jones, by Bacon ; Sir Joshua
Reynolds, by Flaxman; Bishop Heber, by Chantrey;
Capt. Westcott, £4.200, by Banks; Gen. Maokinnon,
£1,200, by Bacon; Lord St. Vincent, £2,100, by Baily;
Admiral Sir P. JIalcolm, by Baily ; Gen. Bowes, £1,575,
by Chantrey; Gen. Le Marchant, £1,575, by C. Rossi;
Gen. Ross, £1,575, bv Kendrick; CoL Hon. H. Cadogau,
£1,575, by Chantrey;" Lord Rodney, £6,300, by C. Rossi ;
Gen. Mackenzie and Langworth, £2,100 by Manning;
Lord Duncan, £2,100, by Westmacott; Capt. Mossu,
£4,200, by C Rossi; Col. Sir W. Myers, £1,575, by
Kendrick; Gen. Hoghton, £1,575, by Chantrey; Gen.
Dundas, £3,150, by Bacon; Gen. Hay, £1,575; by Hop-
per; Gen. Gore ami Skerrett, £2,800, by Chantrey; Sir
W. Ponsonby, £3,150, by Baily; Sir T. Picton, £3,150,
by Gahagan; Lord Heathfield", £2,100, by Rossi; Lord
Howe, £6,300, by Flaxman; Capt. Faulkner, by Rossi;
Capt. Miller, by Flaxman; Lord CoUingwood, £4,200,
by Westmacott; Gen. Sir E. Pakenham ; Capt. G. N.
Hardinge, by Jlanning; Gen. Sir J. Brock, by Westma-
cott; Gen. Gillespie, £1,575, by Chantrey; Sir John
Moore, £4,200, bv Bacon; Sir Ralph Abercrombie,
£6,300, by Westmacott; Gen. S. Gibbs, £2,100, by
Westmacott; Capt. Sir W. Hoste, by Campbell; Sir
Astley Cooper, by Baily: Capt. Burgess, £5,210, by
Banks; Dr. Babiugton, bv Behnes; Marquis Cornwallis,
£6,300, by Rossi; Capt. J. Cooke, £1,575, by Westma-
cott; Capt. Duff, £1,575, by Bacon; Lord Kelson,
£6,300, by Flaxman; Gen. Sir T. Jones, by Behnes;
Bishop Jliddleton, by Lough; Capt. JI. Lyons, by
Koble; the Coldstream Guards, by Marochc'tti; Gen.
Sir W. Kapler, by Adams; Lord Lyons, by Koble; Sir
Henry La\vrence, by Lough ; the historian Hallam, by
Theed ; the painter Turner, by Slacdowell.
Wren's first jilan for St. Paul's—- a plan which he very
reluctantly modified under pressure of authority — is pre-
served in the model room in the K gJlery. The chap-
ter-house is in the K side of the yard. The yard was
formerly open, but is now enclosed by au iron balo."!-
LU.NDON.
171
LONDON.
tra"!-;. 5i fcrt hi;;h, cast at Lamburhurst in Sussex, do-
si^aoil by il. Tij'..ue, and set u[i at the co.it of £11,202-
Both the \Mnl itself aud aa irroi^uLii circle of houses
around it have chan,:jed their character since the Kcfor-
isiatiou, and especially since the great fire. The entire
area, inclusive of the encircling houses, bears the name
of St. Paul's churchyard; and the side of it towards tho
Thanh's i= coiumonly called "the bow," — the side to-
ward Patcrnoster-iow, " the string. " No comprehensive
cr good view of the Cathedral, in consequence of the close
juxtapoiitiori of thi houses and streets, can be obtained
in thi neiJibourhood; but a good view 0/ the dome is
got from tiie corner of Cheapside, the steps of the post-
ollice, or the upper end of Victoria-street; and a view of
it, like a hemispherical hill, soarin^' above the vast out-
spread luiis of the City, is got through several street
vistas, and from many a suburljan vantage-ground. An
anniversary service is held in the cathedral on the first
Thursday in June, when all the charity children of the
metropolis are collected in it, and unite their voices in
the psalmody; and this has been pronounced, by many
pers-jns, one of the most imposing spectacles in the
vorlJ. Trumpets and drums, as well as the organ, are
then in requisition ; and Haydn is recorded to have said
that he never felt the influence of music so powerful in
any other combination.
FariJi^. — The parishes in the metropolis, as that is
defined bv the registrar-general, exclusive of the City, are
Paddingto2, Kensington, Hammersmith, Fulham, Chel-
sea, Sr. George-Hanover-square, St. John-the-Evan^elist-
■\Vestminster, St. ilargaret- Westminster, St. Peter-VVest-
rainster, St Maitin-iu-the-Fields, St. James Westminster,
St. 3rar}-lebone, Hampstead, St. Pancras, Islington, Stoke-
Newington, Hackney, St. George-Bloomsbury, St. Giles-
in-the-Fields, St. Anne-Soho, St. Paul-Covent-garden,
Sr. ilary-le-Strand, St. Clement-Danes, St. Andrew-Hol-
bom-above-the-Bars, Clerkenwell, St. Luke, Shoreditch,
Eethnal-gieen, Spitalfields, 'WTiitechapel, Minories, St.
Geo:-_;e-i:i-ihe-EasT, Stepney, Limehouse, Bow, Bromley-
St. Leonard, Poplar, Christchurch-Southwark, St.Saviour-
Southwa;k, St. Olave-Southwark, St. Thomas-South-
war.k, Sl Jolin-Hoisleydowa, Bemiondsey, St. George-
tlic-MartvT, Newington, Lambeth, Clapham, Wandsworth,
Putnev, Lower Tooting, Streatham, Camberwell, Kother-
hithe.'St. Paul-Deptfuid, St. Nicholas-Deptford, Green-
wich, W'c^olwich, Charlton-De.\;t- Woolwich. Plumstead,
E!il'j:ra, Lee, Lewisham, i>art of St. Sepulchre, and all
Banersea except Penge hamlet. There are likewise
numerous liberties, e.xtra-parochial places, and pre-
cliictii, which do not rank fully as civil parishes, but lie
within ecclesiastical jurisdictions. The larger parishes
aL=o are cut, some of them multitudinously, into ecclesi-
astical sections. All these parishes, with their civil and
their ecclesiastical statistics, and with notes of their
ecclesiastical sul'divisious, are separately noticed in
articles of their owti. And as many of both the ecclesi-
a.'itical subdivisions aud the e.xtJi-parochial places as
admit of description a])art from tho localities associated
■»vith them, also are separately noticed.
The parishes in the City \vithin the walls, together with
their respective pop. in 1S61, are St. Alban, Wood-
Etre-t, 276; AULallows, Barldng, 1,679; Allhallows,
Bread-«reet, 95; Allhallows-the-Great, 603; Allhallows,
Honey-lane, 65; Allhallows-tlie-Less, 79; Allhallows,
Lombard-atreet, 415; Allhallows, Loudon-wall, 1,999;
AUhallov.-s, Staining, 3oS ; St. Alphage, Sion-coUego,
699; St. Andrtw, Hubbard, 205; St. Andrew, Under-
shaft, 1,071; St. Audrew-by-the-Wardrobe, 682; Sts.
Ann and Agnes, Alder.sgate, 362 ; St. Anne, BlackiViars,
£,615; St. Antl:olin, 263; St. Augustine, Watling-
street, 110; St. Jiartholouiew-by-the-Koyal Exchango,
236; St. Bcuet, Fink, 213; St. Benet, Gracechurch-
strest, 273; St. Bcnct, Pauls- wharf, 537; St. Benet,
Sherehog, 114; St. Botolph, liilliugsgate, 222; Christ-
church, Xewgate-stri'ct, 1,975; .St. Christopher-le-Stock,
23; St. Chment, E.istcl-.eap, lUS; St. Dionis, Back-
church, 531; St. Dunstaii-in-the-East, 971; St. Edmund-
the-Ki'Jg, 3.33; St. Ethclbuiga, C06; St. Faith-the-
Yi.-^, 761; St. Gabrivl, Fcnchurch-strcet, 173; St.
George, Botolph-lane, 217; St. Grcgory-by-St. Paul,
1,15$; St. Helen, Bishopsgate, 55S; St. James, Diike's-
place, 851; St. James, Garlick-Hythe, 461; St. Jolin-
the-BaptiBt, Walbrook, 132; St. John-the-Evangelist,
27; St. John-Zaoharj', 132; St. Katherino-Coleman, 444;
St.' KatherinoCree, 1,794; St. Lawrence, Jewv, 410;
St. Lawrence, I'ountney, 233; St. Leonard, Eastcheap,
111; St. Leonard, Foiter-lane, 297; St. Magnus-the-
Martyr, 197; St. ilargaret, Lothburv, 164; St. Margaret,
iloses, 137; St. Margaret, New Fi.sh-strcet, 317; St.
Margaret, Pattens, 103; St. Sfartin, Lndgate, 1,030; St.
lilartin, Orgars, 296; St. Martin, Outwich, 165; St.
Martm, Pomroy, 1S5; St. Martin, Viutry, 244; St.
Mary, Abchurrh, 264; St. Mary, Alderma]LV)ury, 443;
St. Maiy, Aldermary, 232; St. Mary-le-Bow, 317; St.
Mary, Bothaw, 161; St. Mary, Colechurch, 164; St.
Mary-at-Hill, 73S ; St. ^Mary-Magdalen, Old Fisli-street,
732; St. Mary-ilagdalen, ililk-street, 125; St. Mary,
Mounthaw, 474; St. Mary, Somer.set, 271; St. Mary,
Staining, 161; St. Mary, Woolchurch-Uaw, 102; S"t.
Mary, Woolnoth, 291; St. Matthew, Friday-street, 167;
St. Michael, Bassishaw, 501; St. Michael, C'omhiU, 371;
St. Michael, Crooked-lane, 323; St. Michael-Patemoster-
Royal, 169; St. Michael, Queenhithe, 51.3; St. ilichaol-
le-Quem, 74; St. Michael, Wood -street, 214; St.
Mildred, Bread-street, S6; St. Mildred, Poultry, 257; St.
Nicholas, Aeons, 168; St. Nicholas, Cole-Abbey, 230;
St. Nicholas, Olave, 355; St. Olave-Hart-street-with-St.
Nicholas-in-the-Shambles, 757; St. Olave, Old Jewrv,
143; St. Olave, Sdver-street, 527; St. Pancras, Soper-
lane, 76; St. Peter, Conihill, 533; St. Peter-near-Pauls-
wharf, 410; St. Peter-le-Poer, Broad-street, 540; St.
Peter, Westcheap, 14S; St. Stephen, Coleman-street,
3,324; St. Stephen, Walbrook; 300; St. Swithin, Lon-
don Stone, 297; St. Thomas-the-Apostle, 112; Holy
Trinity-the-Less, 553 ; and St. Vedast, Foster-lane, 27b".
Tho parishes, e.xtra-parochial places, and precincts in the
City \vithout the walls, together with their respectivo
pop. in 1S61, are St. Andrew-Holborn-below-the-Bars,
6,337; Barnards-Inn, 69; St. Bartholomew-the-Great,
3,426; St. BarthoIomew-thc-Less, 849; St. Botolph-
without-Aldersgate, 4,744; St. Botolph-without-Aldgate,
9,421; St. Botolph-without-Dishopsgate, 11,569; St.
Bride, 5,660; Bridewell precinct, 410; St. Dunstan-in-
the-West, 2,511; St. Giles-without-Criiqdcgatc, 13,495;
Inner Temple, 148; Jliddle Temple, 81; Seijeants'-Inn,
Fleet -street, 75; Thavies-Inn, 185; Whitcfriars' precinct,
1,155; part of Furnival's-Inn, 50; and part of St.
Sepulchre- without-Nevy-gato, 7,475.
The livings within the City, together with the status,
tho value, and the patron of each, so far as reported, ar<i
St. Alban-Wood-strcet-with-St. Olave-SQver-street, a
rectory, ±333,* alternately the Dean aud Chapter of St.
Paid's and Eton College; Allhallows, Barking, a vicar-
age, £956, the Archbishop of Canterbury; Allhallows-
Brcad-street-with-St. John-the-Evangelist, a rector}',
£264, alternately the Archbishop aud the Dean and
Chapter of Canterbury; Allhallows-the-Great-with-All-
hallows-the-Less, a rectoiy, £458, the Archbishop of
Canterbury; Allhallows, Lombard-street, a rector}-,
united in"lS67 v/ith the rectoiies of St. Benet-Grace-
church-strect aud St. Leonard-Eastcheap, £657, the Dean
and Chapter of Canterbury; Allhallows, London-wall, a
rectory, £477,* the Lord Chancellor; Allhallows, Stain-
in", a vicarage, £621,* the Grocer's Company; St. jUph-
age, a rectory, £313, tho Bishop of London; St. Andrew
Holborn, a rectory, together with three vicar.ages and t^vo
other charge.5, all noticed in the article Hollorx; St.
Androw-Undershaft-with-St. Mary-at-Axe, a rectory,
£2,000,* tha Bishop of London; St. Andrew-by-the-
Wardrobc-with-St. Annc-Blackfriars, a rector,', £2i-?,*
alteniately tlu- Lord Chancellor and tho I'^irishioners; Sts.
Anne and Agnes-with-St..John-Zacha!-}', a rectory, £270,
alternately the Bishop of London and the Dean and
C'hapter of St. Paul's; St. Antholin-with-St. Johu-thc-
I'.iplist, a rectory, £222, alternately the Crown and
the Dean and Chapter of St. Paid's; St. Augu>titie-
with-St. Faith, a rectory, £296, tiio I>ean and Chapter
of St. Paul's; St. liarthuloniew-the-Grcat, a. roctoiy,
LONDON.
172
LONDON.
£680, the Trustees of the late W. PhiUips; St. Bartho-
lomew-the -Less, a vicarage, £13,* the Governors of St.
Bartholomew's Hospital; St. Benet-Pauls-wharf-with-
St. Peter-near-Pauls-wharf, a rectory, £254, the Dean
and Chapter of St. Pauls; St. Benet-Sherehog-Mrtth-St.
Stephen- Walbrook, a rectory, £332,* alternately the
Lord Chancellor and the Grocers' Company; St. Botolph-
Billingsgate-with-St. George-Botolph-lane, a rectory,
£335,* alternately the Crown and the Dean and Chapter
of St. Paul's; St. Botolph -without- Aldersgate, a vicarage,
£450 * the Dean and Chapter of Westminster; St.
Botorph-without-Aldgate, a vicarage, £300, the Bishop
of London; St. Botolph- without-Bishopsgate, a rectory,
£1,650,* the Bishop of Loudon; All Saints, an ecclesi-
astical section of St. Botolph-without-Bishopsgate, a ^-ic-
arage, £550, the Bishop of London; St. Bride, a vicar-
age, £460, the Dean ancf Chapter of Westminster; Trinity-
Gough-square, an ecclesiastical section of St. Bride, a p.
curacy, £120, the Bishop ofLondon; Christchnrch-New-
gate-street-with-St. Leonard-Foster-lane, a -^-icarage and
a rectory, £476, alternately the Dean aud Chapter of
Westminster and the Governors of St. Bartholomew's
Hospital; St. Christopher-le-stock-wth-St. Margaret-
Lothbury-and-St. Bartholomew-by-the-Eoval Exchan<Te,
a double rectory, £1,242,* alternately the Lord ChSi-
cellor and the Bishop of London; St. Clement-East-
cheap-with-St. Jlartin-Orgars, a rectory, £290, alter-
nately the Bishop of London and the Dean and Chapter
of St. Pauls; St. Dionis, Backchmch, a rectory, £439, ■•
the Dean and Chapter of Canterbur}'; St Dunstan-in-
the-East, a rectory, £350, the Archbishop of Canterburj-;
St. Dunstan-in-thc-We.st, a rectory, £490,* Simeon's
Trustees; St. Edmund-the-King-with-St. Nicholas- Aeons,
a rectory, £306,* alternately the Crown and the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury; St. Ethelburga, a rector>', £1,065,
the Bishop of London; St. Gabriel-Fenchurch-street-with-
St. Margaret- Pattens, a rectory, £214,* alternately the
Lord Chancellor and the Corjioration of London; St.
Giles-without-Cripplegate, awarage, £1,5S0,* the Dean
and Chapter of St. Pauls; St. Bartholomew-Little-Moor-
fields, an ecclesiastical section of St. Giles-without-
Cripplegate, a p. curacy, £330, the Cro\ni; St. Helen,
P.ishopsgate, a vicarage, £40, the Dean and Chapter of
St. Pauls; St. James, Duke's-place, a donative rectory,
£300, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen; St. James, Gar-
liek-Hj-the, a rectory, £310, the Bishop of London; St.
Katharine-Coleraan, a rectory, £550,* the Bishop of
London; St. Katharine-Cree, £283, Magdalene College,
Cambridge; St. Lawrence-Jewry-with-St. Mary Mag-
dalene-Jlilk-street, a vicarage and a rectory, £300, alter-
nately Balliol-College, Oxford, and the Dean and Chapter
of St. Pauls; St. Masjnus-the-MartjT-with-St. Margaret-
New- Fish -street, and St. Michael-Crookcd-lane, a triple
rectory, £689,* alternately the Archbishop of Canterbury
and the Bishop of London; St. Martin, Ludgate, a rectory,
£266, the Bishop of London; St. Martin, Outwich, a
rectory, £585,* the Merchant Tailoi-s' Company; St.
Mary-Abchurch-with-St. Lawrence-Pountnev, a rectory
and a p. curacy, £206, Corpus Christi Collepce," Cambridge;
St. Mary, Alderraanbniy, a vicarage, £255, the Parish-
ioners;' St Mary-Aldermary-with-St Thomas-the-
Apostle, a rector}-, £435,' alternately the Archbishop of
Canterbim- and the Dean and Chapter of St Pauls; St
Mary -at -Hill -with -St Andrew -Hubbard, a rectory,
£387,* alternately the Parishioners and the Duke of
Northumberland; St Mary-le-Bow-iWth-St. Pancras-
Soper-lane-and-Alllial!ows-Honey-lane, a rectorj', £459,
the Archbishop of Canterbury two turns and the Grocers'
Company one turn; St. Mary Magd;Jen-01d-Fish-street-
■with St. Gregorv-by-St Paul, a rectory, £300, the Dean
and Chapter of St. Paul's; St -Marv-Woolnoth-with-St
Marj--WoolL-hurch, a rectory, £2S0, alternately the Cro\vn
and the Representatives of Sir G. J[. Broke; St. Jilat-
thfcw-Friday-street-with-St. Peter- Westcheap, a rectorj-,
£254,* the Duke of Luccleuch; St. Michael, Bassishaw,
a rector}-, £239, the D.-an and Chapter of St. Paul's; St.
Michael, Conihill, a rectory, £387, the Draoers' Com-
pany; St jMichael-Patemoster-Royal-with-St. Martin-
VintT}-, a rector}-, £242, alternately the Dean and Chap-
ter of Canterbury and the Bishop of London; St. Mi-
chael-Queenhithe-with-Holv Trinit}--the-Less, a rectory,
£270, the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's; St. Michacl-
Wood-street-with-St. Mary-Staining, a rectory, £260,
alternately the Lord Chancellor and the Parishioners;
St. Mildred-Bread-street-with-St. Margaret-'Moses, a rec-
tory, £287, alternately the Lord Chancellor and Mrs.
Benson and Mr. R. Andrew; St. Mildred-1'oultry-with-
St Mary-ColechuTch, a rector}', £269, alternately the Lord
Chancellor and the Jlercers' Company; St Nicholas-Cole-
Abbey-with-St Nicholas-Olave, a rector}-, united in 1867
with St. Mary-Somerset and St Mary Mounthaw, £525,*
the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's; St. Olave-Har't-street-
with-St. Nicholas -in-the-Shambles, a rector}-, £1,891,*
Five Tmstees; St. Olave-Old-Jewry-with-St. Martin-
Pomroy, a vicarage and a rectory, £410,» the Lord Clian-
cellor; St. Peter, Cornhill, a rectory, £388, the Corpora-
tion of London; St Peter-le-Poer-with-St. Benet-Fink,
a rectory and a p. curacy, £1,160, the Dean and Chapter
of St. Paul's two turns and Eton College one turn; St.
Peter-ad -Vincula, a rectory, the Constable of the Tower;
St. Sepulchre, a vicarage, £550,* St, John's College, Ox-
ford; St Stephen, Coleman-street, a vicarage, £560, the
Parishioners; St. Swithin-with-St. Mary-Bothaw, a rec-
tory, £259, alternately H. G. Watkins, Esq., and the
Dean and Chapter of Canterbury; St. Thomas, Liberty
of Rolls, a vicarage, £145, Hyndman's Ti-ustees; Holy
Trinity, Minories, a vicarage, £69, the Lord Chan-
cellor; and St Vedast- Foster -lane -with -St Michael-
le-Quem, a rector}-, £300, alternately the Dean and
Chapter of Canterbury and the Dean and Chapter of St.
Paul's.
Churches. — The places of worship in the metropolis,
within the registrar-general's-limits, at the census of
1851, were 453 of the Church of England, M-ith 409,834
sittings; 5 of the Church of Scotland, witli 3,860 s. ;
14 of the Presbyterian Church in England, w-itU 10,065
s. ; 4 of the United Presb}-terian Church, with 4,2Su s. ;
101 of independents, with 100,436 s. ; 3 of General Bap-
tists, \v-ith 1,500 s.; 3 of New Connexion General Bap-
tists, with 1,810 s. ; 1 of Seventh Day Baptists, with 300
s. ; 89 of Particular Baptists, with 37,4SS s. ; 34 of Bap-
tists not defined, with 13,176 s. ; 9 of Qu.akcrs, with
3,157 s. ; 9 of Unitarians, wiih 3,300 s. ; 2 of Moravians,
uith 1,100 s.; 98 of Wesleyan Jlethodists, with 44,162
s.; 5 of New Connexion Methodists, with 984 s. ; 21 of
Primitive Methodists, with 3,380 s. ; 4 of Bible Chris-
tians, with 1,014 s. ; 15 of the Wesleyan Association,
with 3,243 s.; 11 of Wesleyan Reformers, with 1,615 s.;
3 of Welsh Calvinistic Jlethodists, with SOO s. ; 8 of
Lady Huntingdon's Connexion, with 5,498 s. ; 1 of San-
demanians, with 200 s. ; 3 of the New Chnrcli, with 880
s. ; 3 of Brethren, with 230 s.; 48 of isolated congrega-
tions, with 8,526 s. ; 6 of Lutherans, with 2,172 s." l°of
French Protestants, with 2S0 s. ; 1 of the Netherlands'
Reformed Church, \vith 350 s. ; 1 of German Protestant
Reformers, with 200 s. ; 1 of Italian Reformers, with 150
s. ; 6 of the Catholic and Apostolic Church, with 2,700
s. ; 20 of Latter Day S.aints, with 2,640 s, ; 35 of Ro-
man Catholics, with 18, 230s. ; 1 of German Catholics, with
300 s. ; 2 of the Greek Church, mth 205 s. ; and 11 of
Jews, with 3,692 s. The increase since 1851 has been
very great A project had been issiicd in 183G, by
Bishop Blomfield, for building forty additioual churches
of the Establishment; had realized -within twelve months,
£90,000 in money and £30,000 in promise from sub-
scription ; and had issued in the erection of not merely
fifty but seventy -five new churches. That example g.;ve
a powerful stimulus to church-exten;ion both ai:iong
churchmen and among dissenters. An act of j.arliamont
was passed in 1S5&, empowering a transference of churches
and of church-endowents from old, small, wealthy,
thinly-peopled parishes of the City, to ue\\-, large, poor',
thickly-peopled sections of the other parts of th'e nietro-
puhs; and that gave increased force to the stimulus of
Bishop Blomfield's successful scheme. Private munifi-
cence, parochial effort, and general enterpri.se, soon, in
their several ways, gave origin to numerous new cliurches
aud chapels of tlie Establishment A scheme for n-w
LONDON.
173
LONDON.
church''s, togctlior with some collateral objects, .ill by
subsoripClon, was lauucheil in 1862, by Bishop Tait;
realize^ before the be,L;imiing of 18(35, £100,000 iii mo-
ney ; aiul aimed to re3li2e the s;ime amount annually for
ten years. Dissenters, proportionately to their numbers
and their resources, have been to the full as aetive and
successful. Tlie Independents, the Jlothodists, the Bap-
tists, and the United Presbyterians, in particular, ha\-e
made a wonderful increase in both the number and the
beraity of their places of worship. Nor have they erected
churc"hi-s merely, but othei buildings of affiliated kinds.
The Independents, for instance, resolved in 1S(55 to erect
a memorial hall, at a cost of about i70,000. The amount
of church-accommodation, both Estiiblished and dissent-
ing, proporiionally to the population, must have been
fully more at the end of 18G6 than it was at the census
of 1S51; and, on the whole, it was in considerably better
distribution throughout the metropolis. The new
churches, generally, have been set dovm in localities
where they were most wanted; they were continuing to
multiply, with increasing rapidity, in 1S66-70; and, in
general, they are capacious, convenient, and, as com-
pare-l with the old city ones, well attended. The
style of most of them is some variety or other, or some
combination or other, of the pointed; but, viewed com-
prehensively, it approaches or even exhibits a mongrel
character, avoiding simplicity and symmetry, abounding
in irregidarity of outline, and indulging in freaks of what
are called Continental Gothic, French Gothic, French
Flamboyant, Lornbardic, and Byzantine. ILany of the
new churches, nevertheless, are either very beautiful or
finely picturesij^ue. But they all stand in parts of the
metropolis beyond the City ; and as many of them as
specially challenge attention, or as form good specimens
of groups, are individually noticed in our articles on the
parishes and the chapelries.
The number of churches within the City, immediately
before the great fire, was 98 ; and 85 of them ^i•ere burnt
down. Only 53 were rebuilt; and 35 were united, in
charge, to other churches. The circumstances of the
City, as to resident population, had become altered.
"Wealthy families had removed to the subiu'bs; many
houses, or sites of houses, originally occupied as resi-
dences, had been converted into places of business; and
the aggregate area of the City, though as densely ediiiced
as ever, liad become considerably less populous. The
same kind of cliange afterwards went on for many yeare,
and issueil in the convei-sion of a large proportion of the
City into a mere seat of traile, thronged mth men during
the houi>i of business, but almost deserted by them at
otiier times. Tile churches, in conseijuence, were less
wanted than they had been before ; were less frequented; and
had aver.igcJy much smaller congregations. They, there-
fore, did not multiply; or, at least, they gained but slight
increase, and only in exceptional cornei-s where popida-
tion continueil to be more dense. The places of worship
within the City.'at the census of 1851, were 73 of the
Church of England, with 41,199 sittings; 2 of the Pres-
byterian Churcli in England, with 1,180 s. ; 2 of the
United Presbyterian Church, with 3,000 s. ; 10 of Inde-
pendents, with 7,706 s. ; 4 of Particular Baptists, witli
1,932 s.; 2 of Unitarians, with 920 s. ; 2 of Moravians,
with 1,100 s. ; 4 of Wcsleyau Methodists, \\-ith 1,632 s. ;
1 of Lady Huntingdon's Connexion, with 320 s. ; 1 of
Sandeniauians, with 200 s. ; 3 of isolated congregations,
with 1,345 s. ; 1 of Lutherans, with 520 s. ; 1 of French
Protestants, with 280 s. ; 1 of tlie Netherlands' Kc-
t'ormed Cliurcli, with 350 s. ; 1 of Roman Catholics, with
2,500 s. ; 1 of German C.-^t holies, with 300 s. ; 1 of the
Greek Church, witli 105 s. ; and 5 of Jew.s, with 2,487 s.
-Several of tlie parish churches, in residt of tlie act of
1859, either have been or are about to be demolislied.
An Oifort was nu le by the Institute of Architects, to
prevcntthat act from interfering with any uf the churches,
or, at tlie worst, to obtain the inseitiou iu it of a clause
protecting ten or twelve of the finest of them, tog>;ther
with all the .steeples; but the eftbrt succecled onlv so
far iis to procure the exemption of St. .Stephen's- W.il-
brook. St. Martin's-Ludgate, 6t. Peter's-Conihill, and
St. Swithin's-Canuon-street. The demolition of all the
rest, or of more than a few of such as are le;ist wanted,
does not follow, for the pov.-er of <leniolition given by the
act is only permissive.
The majority of the City parish churches sprang from
the same architect as St. Paul's cathedral; and they
form such a collection of modern ecclesiastical edifices,
from a single mind, as no other country can show. They
have been much depreciated by some critics, and much
extolled by others. They have, on the one hand, been
described as exhibiting a heavy uncouth mannerism,
with hardly a redeeming beauty, — even derided as
"Wren's paganisms;" but they are, on the other hand,
regarded as aggregately a characteristic and grand archi-
tectural feature of the City ; and they, at least, display
remarkable variations of fomi and feature, and possess
adaptations to their respective sites. Both the more an-
cient and the more recent churches also intermingle with
them to produce diversity. — St, Alban's, Wood-street,
succeeded an ancient one buUt by liing Athelstane, and
a subsequent one buUt by luigo Jones; was itself built
by Wren, after the gi-eat fire, at a cost of £3,165; and
has a tower 85 feet high, and a carved pulpit. Alllial-
lows, Barking, stands in Great Tower-street ; took the
second jjart of its designation from the nunnery of
Barking, to which it belonged ; is partly decorated
English, partly later English, with a steeple buUt in
1659; included chapeb erected by Richard I. and
Edward 1., and a chantry founded by Richard III. ;
contains some very fine brasses, from 1400 till 1651,
one of which is of W. Thynne, the first editor of all
Chaucer's works ; contained the bodies of the Earl of
SuiTey, Bishop Fisher, and Archbishop Laud, — ■ re-
moved from it after the Restoration; and had, for a
vicar, Hickes, the author of the "Thesaurus."— All-
hallows, Bread-street, was rebuilt by Wren, at a cost
of £3,343; has a tower 86 feet high, and a carved
pul[iit; and contains the baptismal registry of Milton,
and the grave of John Howe. Alihallows- the -Great
stamls in Thames-street; was rebudt by "Wren, at a cost
of £5,641 ; has an oak screen, given by the Hamburgh
merchants; and contains the grave of Jacobson, who
budt the Foimdling ho.spital. AlUiallows-the-Le.ss had
a steeple over the vaulted gate to C'ohlharbour House,
and was therefore sometimes called jUlhallows-on-the-
Ccllars. ^Vllhallows, Lombai'd-strcet, succeeded an an-
cient church of 1053, and a subsequent one of 1516; w;is
rebuilt by Wren, at a cost of £8,058; and has a good
carved door. Alihallows, London-wall, was rebuilt by
Dance, in 1705-7, at a cost of £2,941 ; and had, for rec-
tors, Beloe and Xares. Allhallow-;, Staining, stood iu
Mark-lane; was rebuilt after 1609, but had an ancient
tower; and was to be taken down in 1S70. St. Al-
phage's stands near Aldermanbury; was built in 1777;
and has part of the jiorch of Elsynge or St. Mary's, Spi-
tal. St. Andrew's, Holborn, is noticed in the article
HoLBor.N. St. Andrew's-Hubbard stood on the site of
"Weighhouse-yai'd. St. Audrew's-Undershaft stands iu
Leadenliall-street ; took the latter part of its name from
a shaft or maypole fixed annually upon it after the " evil
Jlayd-ay" of 1517; was rebuilt in 1520-32, by W. Fitz-
william; is good later English; has a painted window
with portraits of English kings ; and contains a carved
pulpit, three brasses from 1500 till 1593, an ethgies of
Sir H. Hammerble}-, a monument to Stowe the .antiquary,
and the grave of Mutteux, the translator of " Dnn
Quixote." St. Audrews-by-the-AVardnibe stands near
Doctors' Commons; was rebuilt by Wrcu, at a cost of
£7,060; consists of brick, faced with stone; and contains
a bust of Roniaine, wlio w.as rector, and the grave of
Oliver the artist. Sts. Ann and Agnes stamls in St.
Ann's-lane; is sometimes called St. Ann-in-the-Willows;
wa.? rebuilt by Wren; and has a square towei-. St. ^n-
tholin's stancls in Budge-row, Watling-street; succeeded
a church famous, in the time of the Common\vi;aUh, for
an early morning lecture; w;is rebuilt Ijy Cartwright,
after designs by Wren, at a cost of £5,700; and has a
dome resting on eight columns, and an oitugonal spire.
St. Augustine's stands in Watling-street; was rebuilt by
LONDON.
174
LONDON.
Wren, and repaired in 1829; and sei-vcs also for St.
Faith's parish, whose church was a crypt under Old St.
Paul's.
St. Bartholomew's-by-the-Eoyal Exchange stood in
Bartholomew-lane; w^as rebuOt by "Wren; w.^.s taken
down in 1841, to make room for the new Exchange; and
was copied, in a naw church, by Cockerell, in Moor-lane.
St. Bartholomew's-the-Great stands in Smithfield; was
the choir and transept of the church of St. Bartholomew's
priory, founded in 1102 by Rahere the royal minstrel;
■was partly rebuilt in 1410, and partly after 1532; com-
prises Norman, early English, and later English portions;
■was restored in 1865-6, at a co^t of about £4,000; con-
tains a richly canopied tomb of Lahere, and a large mon-
■nment to Sir Walter ilildmaj', the founder of Emmanuel
college, Cambridge; and was the place of the painter
Hogarth's baptism. St. Bartholomew's-the-Less stands
at St. Bartholomew's hospital, in Smithfield; was origin-
ally a part of St. Bartholomew's priory; retains an old
tower; was rebuilt in 17S9 by Dance, and in 1823 by
Hardwicke ; and contains two brasses of the 15th cen-
tury, monuments of Balthorpe and Lady Bodley, and the
grave of Heath the chronicler. St. Benet's-Fink stood
in Threadneedle-street; was founded by Robert Finke,
who gave name to Finch-lane; was rebudt by Wren; and
was taken down to make room for the Royal Exchange.
St. Benet's-Gracechnrch-street was rebuilt by Wren, at
a cost of £3,583; and was united, in charge, to St.
Leonard's - Eastcheap, which contained the grave of
Quarles. St Benet's - Pauls - wharf, called also St.
Benet's-Hythe, succeeded a previous church of llSl ;
was built by Wren, at a cost of £3,328; and contains
the graves of Inigo .Jones, Le Neve, and W. Oldys. St.
Benet's-Sherehog, called also St. Benet's-Sj-th, a comip-
■tion of St. 0.syth, was destroyed by tha great fire, and
not rebuilt ; but was then united, in charge, to St.
Stephen's- Walbrook. St. Botolph's, Billingsgate, was
destroyed by the great fire; and was afterwards united,
in charge, with St. George's, Botolph-lane, wldch was
biiilt by Wren, at a cost of £5,207. St. Botolph's-with-
out-Aldersgate stands in Little Britain; was restored in
1790; and contains monuments of Dame Packington,
Elizabeth Smith, and Wray the scholar. St. Botolph's-
■without- Aldgate was rebuilt in 1741-4, by Dance, at a
cost of £5,536; is a brick structure; contains monuments
of Lord Dacre, Sir R. Carew, and others; and had Bishop
Kennet as incumbent. St. Botolph's-without-Bishops-
gate stands in Hoandsditch; was rebuilt in 1725-8, by
James Gould; is a brick structure, with a good steeple;
contains a monument to Sir Paul Pindar, an emblematic
picture of Charles I., and the grave of Alle}Ta the actor;
and had Bishops JIant and Blomfield as rectors. All
Saints, in St. Botolph-mthout-Bishop.-igate parish, stands
in Skinner-street; and was built, in 1S38, by Meredith.
St. Bride's, Fleet-street, succeeded a previous church
older than 1362, enlarged in 1480, containing the graves
of Wynkin de Worde, Sir Richard Baker, Moll Cut-
Purse, and Col. Lovelace, and destroyed in the great fire;
was built in 1680-170.3, by Wren, at a cost of £11, 430;
retains a doonvay of the previous church; has a very
beautiful steeple, originally 234 feet high, injured by
lightning in 1704, and then reduced 8 feet in height; has
also a stained glass window, by Jleiss, copied from Ru-
bens' "Descent from the Cross," and put up in 1S24;
and contains the graves of Ogiivy the ro3'al cosmographer,
Sandford the genealogist, Dr. Davenaut the political
writer, and Richardson the novelist.
Christchurch, Newgato-sti-eu't, was built in 1325; be-
longed to the Gre}-friar3' monaster}-; was originally 300
feet long; stiffered injury from the great fire; was re-
stored in 1687-1704, by Wren; has capacity for 3,000
persons; is the place where the Spital .sermons are
preached before the lord mayor and alderiiien ; had
Trapp, the translator of Virgil, as a vicar; and contains
monuments of 'frapp and Lady Dighy, and the graves of
Bnrdett and Richard Baxter. St. Christophtr's-le-Stock
stood oa pai"t of the site of tlie Bank of England; and
was taken down, in 17^1, to make room for the bank.
Kt Clement's, Eastcheap, stands in St. Clement's-lane;
was rebuilt by AVren, at a cost of £4,365; and had Bishop
Pearson as rector. St. Dionis-Backchurch stands in
Fenchurch-street , was rebuOt by Wren, at a cost of
£5,737; consists of brick and stone; and has four old
squirts, each 2^ feet long, such as were used for e.-ctin-
guishing fires. St. Dunstau's-in-the-East stands in
Tower-street ; was restored by Wren, after the great fire;
had then added to it a spire resting on fljdng buttresses,
similar to the spire of St. Nicholas in Newcastle-upon-
Tyne; was rebuilt in 1817 by Laing, with preservation of
Wren's spire; and had Jortia as a rector. St. Dunstan's-
in-the-West stands in Fleet-street; succeeded a previous
church situated a little nearer the street, and famous for
two savage figures which beat the quarters on two bells,
and famous also for the preaching in it of Richard B.ixter
and William Romaine to crowded audiences ; was built in
1831-3 by Shaw; is in the pointed style, and internally
octagonal ; has, over the side doorway, a statue of Queen
Elizabeth, brought from old Ludgate, — and, on the cor-
bels at the sides of the principal entiunce, carved heads
of TjTidale and Dr. Donne; has also a stained window by
WiUiment; and is surmounted by a Louvre tower, 130
feet high, imitated from that of St. Helen's in York,
St. Edmund-the-King's stands in Lombard -street; was
rebuilt by AVren, at a cost of £5,207; and contains a
monument to Dean Milles the antiquary. St. Ethel-
burga's stantls near Crosby Hall in Bishopsgate ; is partly
eai-ly English, but plain and small; and had Mdbounie,
who figures in the "Dunciad," as a rector. St. Margaret-
Pattens' serves as the church of St. Gabriel-Fenchurch-
street ; stands in Rood-lane ; was rebuilt by Wren, at a
cost of £4,986; has candngs by G. Gibbons; and had
Birch, the biograjiher, as a rector. St. GUes'-without-
Cripplegate succeeded a Norman church of 1090; was
built in 1545-6, in the pointed style of that period; un-
derwent partial restoration in 1864; wo-s the place of
Cromwell's marriage to Elizabeth Bourchier; contains
the graves of Speed the chronicler. Fox the wartyrologist,
Frobisher the navigator, Jliltnn the poet, and Milton's
father; contains also a bust of Mdton, by Bacon, placed
here in 1773; was designed, in 1865, to be furtlier re-
stored in the way of tribute to Milton's genius; and had
Bishop Andrews and the grandfather of John Wesley as
■idcars. St. Helen's stands on the E side of Bishopsgate-
street-within, near its junction ■with Gracechurch-street;
was the church of the Benedictine nunnery of St. Helen,
founded in 1216 by William Basing, dean of St. Paul's,
and named St. Helen's in honour of the mother of Con-
stantine ; consists now of two aisles and a small transept,
with a tower erected about 1669; and contains sLx brasses
from 1470 rill 1514, and monuments of Sir John Crosby,
Sir Thomas Gresham, Sir Wdliam Picketing, Sir Julius
Ctesar, Sir Andrew Judd, Sir John Spencer, Martin
Bond, and Francis Bancroft.
St. James', Duke's-place, occupies the site of Holy
Trinity priory; and is a small brick edifice of 1022-3.
St. Jarnes", Garlick-Hythe, was rebuilt by Wren, at a
cost of £5,337; meiisures 75 feet by 45; and has a ste.ple
93 feet high. St. Katharine-Coleman's stands in Fen-
church-street; escaped injury by the great fire; and was
rebudt in 1734. St. Katharine-Cree's is sometimes called
Christchurch; stands in Leadenhall-street, on ground
which was part of the graveyard of Holy Trinity priory;
was rebuilt in 1630, and very ritualisfically opened by
Laud; and contains an effigies of Sir M. Throgmorton,
and the grave of Holbein. St. Lawrence', Jewry, st.ands
in King-street, Cheapside; succeeded a church "in which
Tillotson lectured, and which had Bishop Wilkins as a
vicar; was rebuilt by Wren, at a cost of £11,870; has a
spire, with the gridiron of St. Lawrence; and cont^dns
the graves of Tdlotsou and Wilkins. St. Jlagnus-tlw-
^Martyr's .stands near the end of London-bridge ; was re-
built by A\'run, at a cost of £9,579; has rn elegant cupoia
and lantern; and contains a monunicntal tablet to Bishop
ililes Coverdale, who was rector, and whcse remains were
brought hither from St. Bartholomew's-bj--lhc-Excha;:ge,
at the taking down of that church. St. ]N[argar.>r's^
Lothbur}-, was rebuilt by Wr?n, at a cost of £5,:mo-
me:isures 64 feet by 60 ; contiins a carved font by U.
LONDON.
17i
LONDON.
GiV:-ius; and has att.icheil to it the "golileu lectureship"
of £400, luxAcT the Halerdasliers' Campaiiy. St. Jlar-
tin':?. LuJ^ate. succeeded a previous church of 1137; v,-as
reb"il: by Wren, at a cost of £5,378; has a beautiful
3m;ill spire which strikingly contrasts to the massive
form if th3 i;tit;hbourinjc catlicdral; had, as a rector,
Purchis, the author of the " rilgrimage;" and contains
his ^~ive. St. Martin's-Outwich stands in Threadneedlc-
stree:: was rebuilt in 1706-S, by Cockerell ; and contains
three brasses of 1 4.^3-1590. St. Mary's- Abchurch stands
in Al-cLurchdaue ; was rebuilt by AVrcn, at a cost of
.£4,02-; aul has a spherical roof, painted by Thornhill,
and car.-ings by G. Gibbons. St. Mary's, Aldermanbury,
succeeded a church in which Dr. Calaniy preached for
twenty years, anl in which Milton married his second
wife; was built by Wren, at a cost of £5,237; contains
tee graves of Dr. Calaray and Judge Jeffreys; and had
Bishops Kcnaet, Stratford, and Hopkins as curates. St.
Marr's-AlJermary stands ia Bow-lane; succeeded a pre-
vious clitti-ch, founded by Lord Mayor Keble ; was built
after the model of that church, in the pointed style, by
"Wrea; measures 100 feet in length, 63 in width, and 45
in LeiTht; azd has a tower and spire 135 feet high. St.
iliiy's-at-Hill stands in Eastcheap; was restored or re-
built by Wrto, and repaired in 1819; has a brick tower;
contains a monument to Brand, the author of " Popular
Anrlrjuities;" and was the place in which the poet Young
■was married.
St. iIarj"-le-Bow, or Bow church, stands in Cheapside,
on the arches of the crypt of a Norman church, which is
thought to 'nave been the earliest arched one in London,
and may thence have taken the name of Le-Bow. The
ancient church was built in 1087; was the original meet-
ing-place of the Court of -A.rches; had, in the time of Ed-
war'i IIL, a tribune in which the royal faini'y sat to see
the City prt)cessions ; aud was noted for the sound of its
beUs, mentioned in a famous line of I'ope, and the sub-
ject of a proverb which makes birth within the sound of
Bow-bells equivalent to London citizenship. Tho pre-
sent church was buUt by Wren, at a cost of £8,071; is
regarded, nest to St. Paul's cathedral, as his nKister-
p:?ce ; has a remarkably beautiful steeple, 239A feet high,
exliibiting all the orders of pillared architecture, con-
tsiiing a balcony in place of the tribune on tho old
church, terminating in a dragon-vane 9 feet long, and
restored in 1S20 by Gwilt; is the church in whicli the
bishops-elect of the province of Canterbury are confirmed,
an'i in which the Boyle lectures are preached ; and liad
BIsi'.op Newton, the author of the work on tho " Pro-
j'hecies, " as a rector for twenty-five years. The bells of
the present steeple retain the fame of tho ancient ones,
were' set up in 1762, and fomi a peal of ten. St. JLiry
ilajdalen's. Old Fish-street, was rebuilt by Wren, at a
cost of £4,291; and has a brass of loSG. St. Mary's-Sonier-
set stands Ln. upper Thames-street; succeeded a previous
church of 1S35; and was built by Wren, at a cost of
£6,579. St. ilaiy's-Woolnoth stands in Lombard-
street; succeeded a previous church, founded in 1355,
re>-;ilt in 1496, and partly burnt in the great fire; was
bailt in 1716-9, by Hawksnioor; presents a hold, original,
and beautiful c\t.-rior, in the Tuscan style; had John
2se'rt(m, t'je author of " Cardiplionia" and other religious
writings, a.s a rector for twenty-eight years; and contains
a monumental tablet to him, with an afl'ecting inscrip-
tion. St. MatMiew's, Friday-street, was rebuilt by
"Wren, at a cost of £2, -301; is a brick structure; and had
Bishop Bavley and the Grrecist Lort as rectors. St.
ilichaels-llassishaw stands in Basinghall-street; and was
bailt by Wrea, at a cost of £2,822. St, Michael's,
Comhill, is iu the pointed style; was mainly built by
Wren, at a cost of £4,GS6 ; has a fine turreted tower, in
various styles, copied from the tower of a previous church;
was restored in 1721 by Gibbs, and again shortl}' before
ISGi; £i..I contains the gi-aves of the chronicler Fabian
a:;d the puritan Nye. St. Michael's, Crooked lane, was
Inbuilt by Wren, and taken dou-ii in 1831. St. Miclu'i'-l's-
Patemc*ter-Koyal stands at College-hill; was rebuilt by
V.'reu, fit a cost of £7, -455; has a line t('\ver, with corvings
hv G. Gibbons; and contain.s the gi-avc of '' thrice-lord-
mayor " Whittington. St. Micliael's, Queenhithe, was
built by Wren; measures 71 feet by 40; anii hiis a steeple
130 fce't high. St. Jlichael's, Wood-street, succeeded a
previous church in which James IV. of Scotland was
buried, and from which Holmes was ejected; is in tho
Ionic style, by Wren, at a cost of £2,554, and has a poor
spire, iu room of a previous one. St. Michael's !e-
Querne took the latter part of its name from the " corn"
market, and contained the grave of Leland. St. MU-
dred's, Bread-street, was rebuilt by Wreu, at a c.jst of
£3,705. St. Jlildred's, Poultry, was rebuilt in 1676, at
a cost of £4,65 4; had a steeple, surmounted b)' a siiip-
shaped vane; had Needham as a rector and Ijishoj) Hoad-
ley as a lecturer; and, being almost deserted, was to be
taken down in 1870. St. Nicholas', Cole Abbey, stands
in Old Fish-street; was rebuilt by Wren, at a cost of
£5,580; and has a square tower. St. Olave's, Havt-
street, is an old edifice; contains tombs of ileuuis and
Pep3-s, and two brasses of the 16th century; and had H.
Owen as rector. St. Olave's, Old Jewry, was rebuilt by
Wren, and contains a monument to Alderman Boydell.
St. Peter's, ConihiLl, succeeded one of the earliest
churches in London; was bidlt by Wren, at a cost of
£5,467; has a brick steeple, with a key-shaped vane;
contains a screen by G. Gibbons; and had Beveridge as
rector. St. Petcr's-le-Poer stands iu Broad-sti-eet ; was
built in 1788-92, by J. Gibson, at a cost of upwards of
£4,000; is a circular edifice, with good front and no side-
windows: and had Bishop Hoadley as rector. St. Peter's-
ad- Vincula has been noticed in our account of tlie Tower.
St. Peter's, near Pauls-wharf, was rebuilt by Wren, at a
cost of £4,020; has a figure of the Eesurrection over
its gate; and had Goodwin the republican as rector. St.
Sepulchre's-without-Newgate stands on Snow-hill, op-
posite Newgate; was partly destroyed by the gi-eat fire,
and partlj' rebuilt by Wren; contains the grave of Roger
Ascham ; and has, in the street-wall of its churchj-ard,
the first of the London drinking-fountains. St. Stephen's,
AValbrook, stands close behind the ^Mansion House; was
built by Wren, at a cost of £7,652, and restored in
1850-1 ; has a jilain or even mean exterior, but a verj'
fine interior; is a parallelogram, S7 feet long and 64 feet '
wide, divideil by two I'ows of Corinthian columns, with
a dome rising from the centre, and surmounted by a
lantern; contains West's " Stoning of Stephen," and tha
grave and monument of Sir Jolm Vanbrugh; and had
I'endleton, the turncoat vicar of Bray, as rector. St.
Swithin's-London-Stone .stands in Cannon-street, op-
p>osite the new City terminus of the Southeastern r;iil-
way; was built by Wren, at a cost of £4,637; and
was restored in 1869, with conversion of its style
from renai.ssance to nou-descript Gothic. St. Yedast's,
Foster-lane, was rebuilt by Wren, has a fine spire, and
contains a screen by G. Gibbons. The Temple church
stands a little S of Temple-bar ; was the church of the
Knights Templars; consists of two parts, the Round and
the Choir ; has a tiiforium, reached by a cork-screw
stair: and was the place where Archbibhon Usher preached
the funeral sermon of Selden. The Round was built in
1185; is transition Norman; has a very fine Normau
porch; and contains two groups of monumental effigies,
either Knights-Templare 'or Associates of the Temple.
The Choir was erected subsecpiently to the Round, and
finished in 1240; is pure early English; luulerv.-ert
thorough restoration in 1839-42, at a' cost of £70,000;
and coiitains the tomb of Selden and a bust of Hooker.
The Martyrs Memorial church, commemorative of the
martvrdoms in Smithfield, was founded in the shammer of
1S69| and is iu the style of the 13th century.
Tho dissenting places of worship within the Cit)' chal-
lenge little remark, except that they are mo-^tiy spa( ious
and convenient ; but tho^o without the City, besides b. iug
v>'ry numerous and liaving greatly nudtiplied in tip'' ten
or tv>-elve years ending in 1870, show miny examples of
taste and elegance. Tho first Independent one within
the City was built in 1592; the first Baptist one, in '.608:
the first IMetliodist one. in 1777. The Congregational
Jlemorial Hall stands in Canimn-street, with a froi'tage
to the new street toward tho JIaiision House; and wiw
LONDON.
LONDON.
built subsequent to 1867, at a cost of about £75,000.
The ^Yesleya^ Jlissioa house, or Centenary Hall, stands
in Bishopsgate-street; was erected in 1839, to celebrate
the hundredth anniversary of Methodism; and contains
a very interesting museum. The French Protestant
church in St. llartin's-le-Grand was preceded by one on
the site of the Hall of Commerce, founded there by Ed-
ward VI. The Danish church in Wellclose-square, White-
chapel, was founded in 1696, by Christian V. of Denmark;
and was taken down in 18G9. The German Lutheran
church, in Trinitj'-lane, occupies the site of the extinct
parochial church of Holy-Tiinity-the-Less. The Greek
church, in London "Wall, is an edilice in the Byzantine
style, in the form of a Greek cross; and contains some
beautiful pictures. The Jews' great synagogue Ls in St.
James-place, Aldgate; and the Spanish and Portuguese
Jews' synagogue is in Bevis-marks, Leadenhall-strcet.
A Jews' sjTiagogue in Great Portland-street was built iu
1869-70, at a cost of about £24,000.
The burying-places throughout the City and in all
other parts of the metropolis, tiU the comparatively re-
cent enactment for ultramural interment, were the
churches and the churchyards. The accumulated masses
of human remains, in densely populated places, are closely
contiguous to the great thoroughfares, and are great and
numerous, almost beyond beUef. St. Jlary-le-Bow's
Norman vault, in Cheapside, is crammed with leaden
coffins pUed 30 feet high, and covered with cobwebs and
fungi; St. Benet's vaults, in Gracechurch-street, con-
tinued to be used for burial till 1850, and were then so
crowded that access could be obtained to them only by
lifting the stones in the aisle ; St. Andrew's-by-the-
Wardrope and St. ilary's-at-Hill were, at the same
period, iu a similar or even woKe condition; and even
churches in the West, such as St. Martin's-in-the-Fields
and St. Gcorges-Chupel-Bayswater, were, nt the same
period, in a not much better state. Bunhill-Fidls ceme-
tery, near Finsbury-square, was originally tlie j.v>st-place
of interment at the tune of the great plague; lay then in
a state of open common; was afterwards enclosd to the
extent of 23^ acres, at the public expense of the City;
became, from usage, the cemetery of the disseatere ; is
notable for the great numbers of eminent dissenting
ministers and authors interred in it ; and bets, for some
time, been full and disused. The principal ultramural
cemeteries, all formed since the passing of the act for
ultramural interment, and mostly spacious and orna-
mental, are the City of London cemetery, at Linle Ilford;
the Tower Hamlets, at Mile-End-road; the North of
London, at Colney-Hatch; the Kensal-Green, on the
road to Harrow; the London Company's, at Highgate and
Nunhead; the Islington and the St. Pancras, at Colney-
Hatch; the South Metropolitan, at Norwoo^l ; the Vic-
toria Park or East London, at Bethnal-Greeu; the Abney-
Park, at Stoke-Newington; the West London, at Bromp-
ton; and the Necropolis, at Woking. All are noticed,
in their appropriate places, in other articles.
Schools and Institutions. — The schools in the registra-
tion-metropolis, inclusive of the City, at the census of
1851, were S63 public day-schools, with 167,295 scholars;
3,693 private day-schools, with 86,911 s. ; 701 Sunday-
schools, with 133,600 s. ; and 100 evening schools for
adult.% with 2,873 s. Twenty-six of the public schools,
with 3,910 scholars, were workhouse schools: 8, with
1,137 s., were militarj' schools ; 5, with 1,29.' s., were
naval schools; 2, with 635 s. , were prison schools; 19,
with 3,748 s., were endowed collegiate and gr-ammar
schools ; 80, with 12,280 s., were other eudowe<l schools;
161, with 46,161 s., were Church of England national
schools; 216, with 34,041 s., were Church of England
non-national .schools; 5, with 946 s. — one of them British
— were Church of Scotland .schools; 2, with 141 s., were
Presbyterian Church-in-England schools: 2, vciih 399 s.,
were Presbyterian, not specially defined; 24, with
5,482 s., were Independent British; 40, with 5,947 s.,
were Independent non-British; 3, with 3S5 s., were
B.ipti^t British; 5, with 505 s., were Baptist iivnBritish;
4, with 430 s., wtro Unitarian; 4, with 1,1 2C' s., were
Wesley.iu British; 20, with 3,612 s., were Wesloyan
non-British; 1, with 86 s., was of Lady Huntingdon's
Connexion; 3, with 442 s., were dissenting, not specially
defined; 1, with 157 s., was Lutheran; 1, with 100 s.,
was of the German mission; 1, with 15 s., was French
Protestant; 42, with 7,780 s., were Pioman Catholic; 7,
witli 1,033 s., were Jewish: 38, with 10,563 s., were un-
denominational British; 1, with 509 s., was luideuomina-
tional non-British; 74, with 15,418 s., were ragged
schools; 18, with 2,123 s., were orphan schools; 2, with
215 s., were for the blind; 1, with 5 s., was for the deaf
and dumb ; 1, with 398 s., was attached to a mechanics'
institute; and 46, with 6,261 s., were subscription
schools of no specific character. Two hundred and fifty-
nine of the Sunday-schools, with 49,173 scholars, be-
longed to the Church of England ; 4, with 698 s., to the
Church of Scotland; 6, with 1,122 s. ; to the Presbyter-
ian Church in England; 2, with 362 s., to the United
Presbyterian Chui-ch; 156, with 39,391 s., to Independ-
ents; 74, with 12,952 s., to Baptists; 3, \\-ith 348 s., to
Unitarians; 1, with 67 s., to Moravians; 34, with 17,452
s., to Wesleyan Methodists; 3, with 444 s., to New
Connexion Methodists; 8, with 570 s., to Primitive
Methoilists; 3, with 332 s., to Bible Christiaus; 13,
with 2,666 s., to the Wesleyan Association; 8, with
944 s., to Wesleyan Reformers; 2, with 305 s., to Cal-
vinistic Methodists; 2, with 92 s., to Welsh C'alvin-
istic Methodists; 4, with 1,147 s., to Lady Huntingdon's
Conne.xion; 1, with 60 s., to the New ('hurch; 1, with
55 s., to Brethren; 61, with 9,579 s., to undefiued
congregations; 5, T\"ith 819 s., to Pioman Catholics; and
1, with 22 s., to Latter Day Saints. The increase of
schools, from 1S51 till the end of 1S66, has not been
ascertained by any reliable statbtics; but may be pre-
sumed to have been about proportionate to the iiicreasi!
of churches.
Two of tlie most prominent endowed schools iire uoticeii
in our articles Charter-Hol'sf. and Cnr.isTCHi'i:i,n-
Newg.vte-Strekt. The Citj- of London school staud.s
in Milk-street, Cheapside, on the site of Honey-la!ie
market; w;is founded, in the time of Henry V., by John
Carfienter; was rebuilt, in 1835-6, at the expense of
the City corporation; affords a very liberal middle-das'*
education, at a charge of only .£6 15s. for each pupil;
and has an endowed income of £900 a-year, 8 free
scholarships for university exhibitions of £35 a-year each,
and a number of special scholarships ranging in value
from £20 to £50. St. Paul's school, on the E side of
St. Paul's churchyard, was founded in 1512, for 153 poor
men's chUdren, by Dean Colet ; was rebuilt after the
great fire, and again in 1822-4 ; is an edifice in the
Grecian style, with an arcade; has an endowed income
of upwards of £5,000, and upwards of twenty scholar-
ships or exhibitions; is tinder the direction of the Pier-
cers' company ; gives an education entirely classical ;
had, as its first master, Lilly the friend of Enisraus, an.i
as another master A. Gill; and numbers among its pupils
Leland the antiquary, Jliltou the poet, Scarborougli the
physician, the great Duke of Marlborough, Earl (iiTery,
Pepys the diarist, Hallcy the astronomer, .Str}-j)e the ec-
clesiastical analyst, Burton and Gale tin- antiquaries,
Taylor the "Platoni.st," Nelson the author of " Fusts and
Festivals," Sir P. Francis, II. Cotes, and Knight the
biographer of Dean Colet. Tiie Jlercers' school was
founded, for 70 boys, by the ilercers' company ; stood
originally in Clieapside, near the Jlercers' chapel ; was
rebuilt in 1803, on the site of Whittington's alms-houif-s,
at Colk'ge-hill, Thames-street; atfords alil)eral education,
beyond the old circle of Latin and Greek; and had, a.s
master, W. Baxter the antiquary, — andaspuinli, Diaii
Colet, Sii- W. Gresham, and Bishoi) Wre:i. The Mt-r-
cli.int Tailors' school stands in Sulfolk-laiif, on the site
of tlie mansion of the Dnke of Suffolk; w.is founded iu
1561, on the suggestion of Sir T. White, by the !ller-
chant Tailors' company; was rebuilt by Wren, after the
great fire; is a brick edifice, with pUastei-s, with library
and chapel, and with an adjoining residence for tlie hnad
master; gives a very liberal education to 200 boys, a: a
charge of £10 a-year for each; clraws all deficiencies of
revenue from the Company's funds; h:is 37 of the fellow-
LONBOX.
177
LONDON.
ships at St. John's college, Oxfonl, and 64 scholarsKirs
or exLibit'.ons; haJ, ns masters, JIulcaiter and Diiganl;
an i numbers among its pupils Archbishops Juxon, Dowps,
ani Boulter, Bishops Anilrews, Dove, Tomson, Buck-
erUz?, ^Vilco.c, Boyle, Henshaw, and Van Mildert, Lord-
Kcer^r ^\'hitclocke, Sandys the traveller, Shirley the
TKK-:^ V.'h-; Jtley the ritualist, Neale the puritan historian,
ii. Calamy the nonconformist, Titus Gates of infamous
notrriety, Byrom the %vriter iu the "Spectator," E.
Gat- la " the annotator of "Don QuLxote," How the
hoir.ist, IV-nham the traveller. Lord Clive, Charles
Matihews, Dr. BLiss, V. Knox, Sir H. Ellis, and Luke
31ilb-:iirne. Other endowed schools, in the City, with
their r^pective endowed incomes, are the Ilarberdashers',
or Trvrtman"?, Bunhill-row, £110; Lady Lockington's,
Lit-j-? Kni'jhtrider-street, £60 ; Lambe:-t's and Meale's,
near S:. Bride's, £40 and £114; Bed Cross-street, boys'
and 4rls', £464 and £856; Smith's, in Old Jewrv, £109;
Stariiii2'i5, in East Smithfield, £44; St. Alphage's, £65;
St Botok'h's-AJdc.'ate, £97; St. Botolph's-BLshopsgate,
£25S: St.'Dcnst.in's-in-the-\Vest, £58; St. Ethelbnrga's,
^o3: Ttimsr's, in Primro.?e-street, £223 ; Sir J. Cass's,
ia Ald?.a:e-srreet, founded in ISIO, £1,555; Whiting's,
in Saithaeld, £119; the Dissenters', near Smithfield,
£9o; Reeve's, in St. Sepulchre's, £243; the Ladies'
girls', in St. Sepulchre's, 159; the Aldersgate ward,
£14S; the Aldgate ward, £98; the Billingsgate ward,
£41; the Bread-street ward, £574; the Broad-stroet
war-i £119; the Coleman-street ward, £4.3; the Faring-
don ward, in Newgate-street, £1-32; the Lime-street
■warl £42 ; the Queenhithe ward, £83 ; the Tcwer ward,
£100: the VintTr- ward, £92; Bristow's, in Foster-lane,
Ijiir Holies girls', iu Cripplegatc ; the Tailors' orphan
girls', in Car.non-street-rcad ; and St. Anne's, in St.
Aa::r's-lane. The Ahlersgate ward and national schools
were built in 1S60, at a cost of £6,000, and afford ac-
comisodation for 600 children ; and a number of the
otbfr endowe<l schools strike attention for costliness and
cat2.:ity.
The priflclpal public schools in other parts of the me-
trorolis are Vrestrainster school, or St. Peter's college, in
Deass-yard, 'Wo.-tminster; King's college schools, in
Somirset House ; the Universitj- college schools, in
Oowrr-stre-it; St. ilark's training college, for church
s.;h->:l5, in Fulham-road; the National central model
schcv'j for boys and girls, in Broad Sanctuuiy, West-
minster; the National training college, for masters, in
Batifrsea; the National training institution, for school-
mistresses, ia Chelsea; the British and Foreign moilel
schoC'Ls, in Borough-road; the British and Foreign train-
ing college, for masters, in Stockwell; the British and
Fcriigu training college, for school-mistresses, near Clap-
ham-road; the Church of England Jletropolitan training
coUtge, at Highbury-Park ; the Home and Colonial
traizLing college, for mistresses, in Gray's-Inn-road; the
"Wc-iieyan Nonnan schools, in Horseferry-road; St. John's
scli>-..l, for sons of poor clerg\% in Clapton; the Clergy
orpliia schools, in il.arylebone; the Islington proprietary
scccii, in Bamsburj'-street; the Kensington proprietary
school, in Kensington-square; the JIarylebone gi-ammar-
schc-jl, in Regent 's-park; the Stockwell grammar-school,
in Park-rrail ; the Stepney grammar-school, in Tredcgar-
squjr'i; the St. Oiave's and St. John's grammar-scliuol,
or Oueen Eiizabeth's, in Southwark ; the Dissenters'
graiitijar-school, in Mill-hill ; the Itoyal naval school,
in New-crr.>s; the Emmanuel Hospital school, in "We.st-
jnic-^t<:-r; the St. Margaret's Hospital schools, in Wcst-
mii^rer: the Greenwich Hospital schools, in Greenwich ;
the P.oj-al Military Asylum schools, in Chelsea; the
I^a-Iies" college, iu Bedford-square; the City of London
Fr-ri::ien's orphan school, iu Brixton ; tlie St. Giles'
parcchial ,s/?hool.s, a verj' spacious and handsome building
of Irol, at a cost of about £8,000, at the corner of
Brcsid-atreet and Endidl-street; Archbishop Teuison's
fch'jol, in Solin; the Licensed \'ictualk'rs' schools, at
Vaxvhall; tha Female orphan school, in Bayswatcr; the
Feraale orphan school of industry, in I'addington ; the
Yorkshire Society's .school, in Laml>cth ; the (.'aledouian
Asylum school, at Copenhageu-liclds; I'aine's schools.
in Wr.pping; St. Anne's schools, at Brixton hill; Lady
Owen's schools, in Goswell-strect ; the Warfhousemfii
and Clerks' schools, at Now-crn.ss ; St. Patrick's schools,
in Stamford-street; the AVelsh charity school, formerly
in Gray's-Inn-lane, now at Ashford, Middlesex ; the
schools for the blind, in St. George 's-fields and in St.
John's- Wood; the si^hool for the deaf au'l dumb in Glou-
cester-place, Old Kent-road; the Missionary children's
home, at Highbury New Park; the Soldiers' daughters'
home, at Boslyn-hill, Hampstead; the Marine floating
school, ofl" Charlton-pier; the Sailor.s' orplum ghW
school and home, at Hampstead; the French charity
school, in Westminster ; the Bermondsey free school, in
Bermondsey ; Awdely's school, under the Skinners'
company, in Hackney ; Coffe's grammar-school, imdcr
the Leathersellers' company, in Lewisliam; the United
Societies' school, in PLOtherhithe ; the Orphan v.-orking-
school, in Haverstock-hill; the Jews' orphan asylum, in
Goodmau's-fields ; the school for the indigent blind, in
Southwark; the training refuge for destitute girls, in
Marylebone ; and great numbers of the national, the
British, the denominational, the subscription, and the
ragged or industrial schools, in almost all the parishes.
As many of these schools as require further mention, are
noticed in other articles.
The Inner-Temple, the MidiUe-Temple, Lincoln 's-Inn,
and Gray's-Inn, are law colleges. — The Inuer-Temple
took the first half of its name from being situated within
the City liberties ; and the second half from its having
succeeded to the premises and grounds which, as noticed
in a former section, had previously belonged to the
Knights Templars. It occupies an extra-parochial tract
of 11 acres, v/ith 43 inhabited houses between Fleet-.street
and the Thames; is approached principally through lu-
ner-Temple-lane, entered by an arched gateway of the
time of James I.; and has, within its area, toward the
Thames, about 3 acres of garden, disposed in a fa.shion-
able promenade. Its hall was repaired and refaced by
Smirke, and contains portraits of Littleton and Coke;
its library contains about 16,000 volumes, and the Petyt
manuscripts, chiefly transcripts of records in the Tower ;
and its parliament chamber, adjoining the library, contains
busts of Lord Thurlow, Lord Abinger, Lord Ellenborough,
Sir W. W. F'ollett, and Sir Frederick Pollock, and por-
traits or engravings of James II., George I., and about
fifty eminent judges and lawyere. Thirty-nine of its
earlier members became judges; and among its most dis-
tinguished members have been Littleton, Coke, Croke,
Sir Julius Ca?sar, Sir C. Hatton, Selden, Lord Chancellor
Nottingham, the poet Beaumont, Sackville Earl of Dor-
set, Prince Kupert, Charles II., and James II. — Tlie
Aliddle Temple lies immediately E of the Inner Temple;
w;xs originally conjoint with it; and took its prenouiin.cl
designation from being situated between the Inner Tem-
ple and the Outer Temple, the latter of which stood on
the site of Exeter House, and was displaced by Exeter
buildings. It occupies an extra-parochial tract of 3
acres, containing 33 inhabited houses ; and is entered
principally from Fleet-street through a gateway, erected
in 1S64 by Wren, on the site of an old portal built by
Sir Amias Paulett. Its hall was erected in 1752; forms
the best specimen of Tudor architecture in London; is
100 feet long, 42 feet wide, and 47 feet high; has a
richly carved roof, with curves and jjendants; and con-
tains a finely-carved oak screen of 1575, busts of Eldon,
Stowell, and the twelve Cssar-s, and portraits of C'harlos
I., Charles II., James II., William III., Anne, and
George II. Its library was founded, in 1641, by II
Ashley; and contains a portrait of him, and about 30,000
volumes. Among its distinguished members have been
Chief Justices Montague, Broke, Popham, and .':'aunders.
Judge Blackstone, Lord Keeper Guildford, Lord Chan-
cellor Hardwick, Lords Clarendon, Stowell, Eldon, Ash-
burton, and Kcuyon, Edmund Plowden, B. Wliitelocke, Sir
\V' alter Kaleigh, Ciigreve, Pvowe, Sluidwell, I!. B. Sheri-
dan, and Thouias Jloorc. The Temiile church, noticed
in a previous section, belongs in conimou to th.e two
temples; and the right side of its choir is appropriated to
the Inner Temple,— the left side to the Jliddle Temple.
LONDON.
178
LONDON.
— Liucoln's Inn stands in an extra-parochiiJ tract of its
o\vn name, comprising 9 acres and containing 23 houses,
between Lincoln's-Inn-fields and Chancery-Iaue. It occu-
pies the site of an ancient Episcopal palace of Chichester,
a Blackfriars monastery of 1226, and an "inn" or man-
sion of Henry Lacy, Earl of Lincoln; and it took from
the last its name of Lincoln's Inn. It probably became
a residence of lawyers in the 14th century; but it was
not conveyed to the benchers till 1580. The old hall,
now used at times for the courts of chancery, was built
in 1506; the gate-house in Chancery-lane, bearing the
arms of the Earl of Lincoln, Henry VIII., and Sir
Thomas Lovell, was buUt in 151S; and the brick wall,
separating the grounds from the street, and ti'aditionally
said to have had Ben Jonson employed on it as a brick-
layer, was built in 1562. The edifices now used as the
inn include the new hall, the library, and the chapel;
and form the Old square partly built in 16S3, the New
square, finished about 1697, and stone buildings, begun
in 1780 and finished in 1845. The new hall stands on
the E side of Lincoln's-Inn-fields; was built in 1S13-5,
after designs by Hardwick, ata cost of £55,000; is in the
Tudor style, of red brick, with stone diessings; has a
boldly-carved oak roof, in seven rich compartments;
measures, in the hall proper, 120 feet in length, 45 feat
in width, and 62 feet in height; and contains Hogarth's
picture of " Paul before Felix," a statue of Lord Erskine
by Westmacott, and, in a connected dra\ving-room, por-
traits of Sir Mathew Hale, Lord Chancellor Bathurst,
and Sir William Grant. The library is in the new
building; measures 80 feet in length, 40 in width, and
44 in height; has a very rich painted window; and con-
tains about 25,000 volumes. 'The chapel wa.s built or re-
stored by Inigo Jones; shows a grotesque admi.xture of
bastard Gothic and Roman Doric; has very fine p.iinted
windows; and stands over a cloister-ambulatory of si.ic
groined arches. Among eminent members have been
Judges Fortescue and Rastall, Chief Justice Hobart, Lord
Chancellor Egerton, Sir Thomas ilore, Oliver Cromwell,
John Thurloe, Sir Henry Spelinan, Sir Slathew Hale,
William Pitt, Sir James Mackintosh, Curran, Bentham,
Daniel O'Connel, and Lords Mansfield, Erskine, Lynd-
hurst, Cottenham, Brougham, Campbell, and St.
Leonards. — Grays Inn has been separately noticed in its
own alphabetical place. — Nine Inns of Chancery were
formerly attached, as preparatory schools, to the four
law colleges; Clillbrd's Inn, Clement's Inn, and Lyon's
Inn, to the Inner Temple; New Inn and Strand Inn, to
the Middle Temple ; Furnival's Inn and Thavies Inn, to
Lincoln's Inn; Staple Inn and Barnard's Inn to Gray's
Inn; but they now have almost or altogether lost their
former conne.xion and character. — The Law Institution,
in Chancery-lane, was established in 1825, for improved
regulation of the business of solicitors and attorneys; and
it has a large and handsome building, erected in 1S29
after designs by Vulli.imi, adorned with a hexastyle Ionic
portico, and containing a hall, a lilirar)-, a club-room,
and committee and lecture-rooms. — Doctors' Commons,
in Blackfriars, occupies the site of ilountjoy House,
given to the advocates by Dr. Harvey; was rebuilt after
the great fire; comprises two brick quandrangles, with
hall, library, and other apartments; and includes the
Court of Arches, the Prerogative Court, the Court of
Faculties, and the Bishop of London's Consistory Court.
— The Courts of common law and equit}' will be noticed
in the article WE.sT.Mi.\sTEr>.
The Universityof London was instituted in 1S37; con-
fers academic degrees in arts, law, and medicine; has
several scholarships, each with £50 a-year; and was
enfranchised in 18G7, to send one member to parlia-
ment. A building for it was erected in 1S67-9, at a
cost of about £SO,000, exclusive of fittings; stands in
Burlington-street, fronting Burlington-gardens; is in the
Italian style, of Palladian type, adorned with statues;
and comprises a centre 115 fent long and 55 feet high,
two flanking towers 100 feet high, and two wings each 52
feet lont;.— King's College is a proprietary institution,
established by members of the Church of Eu'dand in
1828 ; occupies the E wing of Somerset House; aU'ords
instruction in the four departments of theology, general
literature, applied science, and medicine; has a museum,
containing liabbage's calculating macliiue and some in-
teresting models; and has U\o literary schohirships of
£50 a-year each, and two medical ones of £25 a-year
each. — University college was insriiuted in 1S2S, on
principles entirely unden6minatioual; stands in Upper
Gower-street; presents a frontage of 400 feet, in two
stories, the lower one adorned ■\vith a bold Corinthian
portico of ten columns, the upper one enriched with
Corinthian pilasters, the centre surmounted by a hand-
some dome ; includes large class-rooms, a laboratory 52
feet in length, a museum with collection of mo lels by
Flaxman, and a marble statue of the architect Watson j
and aifords instruction in pure science, mixed science'
classical literature, belles-lettres, hiitorv, and medical
science. — The Theological college of the Independents,
a junction of Highbury, Homerton, and Coward colle"es,
is in St. Johu's-wood; that of the London Missioiiary
Society is in Highgate; that of the Society for the Pro-
pagation of the Gospel is in Hacknev; that of the
Baptists is in Eegent's-park ; that of the Presbvterian
Church in England is in Queen-square House, Guildford-
street; and tliat of the Wesleyans is in HorsefeiTy-road.
— The Pioyal College of Physicians, abuUding of 1825, by
Smirke, at a cost of £30,000, is in Pall-ilalf East, at'the
comer of Trafalgar-square. — The Eoyal College of
Surgeons, a building of 1835, by Barry, at a cost of
£40,000, with a valuable museum, is in Lincoln's-Inn-
fields. — Tlie Veterinary college, established in 1751, is in
Great College-street, Camden Town.— The Royal Society,
in Burlington House, Piccaililly, originated in 1645, and
was incorporated in 1663; has a library of about 50,000
printed volumes and 5,000 mauuscripu, a highly valu-
able museum, and portraits of famous members, from Sir
Isaac Newton to Sir Humphrey l)^\-\- : and numbers so
very many distinguished men among iis members, past
and present, that a list of them would fill several of our
columns. — The lioyal institutiou, in Albeularle-^t^eet,
was established in 1799 at the houseof Sir Joseph Banks';
maintains lectures Ln various departments of science and
philosophy; and has a library of about 26,000 volumes.
— The Loudon Institutiou, in Finsburv-circus, Mas estab-
lished in 1806, at Sir AVilliam Clayton's house in Old
JewTy; was built in 1815-9, by Brooks; and hiis a
library of upwards of 60,000 volumes, abounding specially
in topograi)hical works. — Sion college, in London wall,
was founded in 1631, by Dr. ^Miite, and incoqwrated by
Charles I.; was previoasly first a nunnery, then an
hospital, then in 1332 a priory of canons -regular; iu-
cludes among its fellows all t!ie City clergy; comprises a
hall, a pi-esident's lodging, and a libitiry, surroundiur' a
court; has, in its libran,-, about 40,000 volumes, — and,
in its hall ami library, several portraits and other paint-
ings ; and maintains an alms-house for 20 persons. — G re-
sham college, in Basinghall-street, was originally a miuia-
tm-e univei-sity, founded by Sir Thomas Grcsham, at his
own liouse in Bishopsgate-street; is now a place of lec-
tures, erected in IS 43; and maintains lectures on scien-
tific subjects in the middle houi-s of the day, and lectures
on music in the evening.
The Astronomical society in Somerset House, was
founded in 1820; and gives annually a medal for the
most imjwrtant discovery since the previous year. The
Geological society, in Somerset House, was insti;i,:ed in
1S07; has a verj- rich museum and a library; aiul pub-
lishes a quarterly journal of its tnmsactious. The Chcmi-
CiU society', in Burlington House, was instituted in 1841.
The Royal Geographical society, in Whitehall-place, was
established in 1830; has a good geiigrai)hi<-al iiiirary, and
a huge collection of maps and cliart.s; and jiublishes a
"Journal" and "Proceedings." The Royal Society of
Literature, in St. iManin's-plaoe, Charing-cross, was
founded in 1823, and incoqjorated in 1S26; cujovcd for
a time a royal grant of £1,155 a-year; suil'ercd'loss of
that gi-ant, and opi>osition by some di.stinguished literary
men ; and sank into comj'aratively low condition. The
Royal Society of Antiquaries, in Somerset House, was
instituted iu 1572, dLisoived iu 1604, re-institutcd hi
LONDON.
179
LONDON.
]717, aii'l inooii>orated in 1751; issues its transactions
ia the well-knowu Aroli:vologia; and has a library of
about 7,000 volumos, with mauy curious old documents,
and An interesting niusc\uii. The Royal Asiatic society,
in Xoiv Builingtuii-strect, was founded in 1823; and has
a library with 'ISO volumes of Cliiaese books, and a
museum with an interestiug collection of Eastern curio-
sities. The Society of Arts, in John-street, Adeli)hi, was
established in 17olat Rawthmell's coflee-housj iu Covent-
garden; removed to its present premises ia 1774; has six
pictures by Barry of 1777-83; makes temporary exhibi-
tions of manufactures; and has connexion with most of
the mechanical and literary institutions in the provincial
towns. The Koyal Institute of British Arcliitects, ia
Conduit-street, was instituted in 1834, and incorporated
in 1837; and has a good collection of books on architec-
ture. The Institution of Civil Engineers, in Great
George-street, 'Westminster, was establLshed ia 1818, and
incorporated in 1828, and has a lecture-room, containing
a portrait of Telford, its fir.st president. The Royal
Agricultural Society, in Hanover-square, holds an annual
cattle show and exhibition of implements, which attracts
crowds from all parts of the kingdom. The Horticultural
society, in Regent-street, was established in 1804, and
incorporated in 1809; has new experimental gardens at
Kensington, in lieu of previous ones at Chiswick; and
holds flower exhibitions at stated periods. The Royal
Botanical society, in Regent's-park, was established ia
1839; has grounds extending over 18 acres, and contain-
ing a noble conservatory; and holds exhibitions three
times a - year. The Liunaean society, in Burlington
House, was founded in 1788, and incorporated in 1802;
and has the library and herbarium of LinniEus. The
Zoological society, in Hanover-si|uare, w;is established in
1826; and has zoological gardens in Rcgent's-park. The
Palaeontogi-aphical society was established for publishing
accounts of animal fossils; the Statistical society, for
collecting and publishing statistics; the Camden, the
Hakluyt, and the Arundel societies, for printing or en-
graviug literary or artistic works of particular kind.s.
A number of scientific and literary institutions of a local
kind, together with mechanics' institutes, are ia the City
and in other parts of the metropolis.
The British museum stands in Great Russell-square,
Bloonisbur)- ; was originally Montague House, once the
residence of the Duke of llontague, .afterwards the man-
sion of tlio Earl of Halifax; has undergone complete re-
construction and immense extension; and now possesses
such vast wealth of materials, with such rapid increase
of them, that it wants sutticient space to store them. It
originated in a testamentary deed of Sir Hans Sloane,
who died in 1753, and whose will instructed his executors
to sell to the nation his extensive library, museum, and
works of art for £20,000, a good deal less than one half
the sum which they had cost liim. A resolution was
taken to accept the offer, to add the Cottonian library
and the Harloian manuscripts to the Sloane collection,
and to place the whole in Jloutague House, which then
had ample capacity to receive them. The sum of
jtSOO.OOO was raised by a lottery; and £20,000 were
paid for the Sloane collection, £10,000 for the Harleiau
manuscripts, and £10,2.!;0 for Montague House. New
collections were made from year to year, the Egyptian
antiquities were obtained in 1801, tlie To^vnley marbles
in 1805; and these additions led to the building of a new
galleiy in 1807. George IV. 's library was brought hither
iu 1823 ; and it occasioned the erection of a new wing on
the E side in 1828. Fresh treasures were acquired, and
great new purchases were made from time to time, all
requiring increased accommodation; and they, at length,
cicc;wiiined the re-construction of all the original edifice,
and the erection of tlic N, tlie S, and the W sides. The
edifice, as it now stan^ls, was begun in 1823, after de-
higns by Sir Robert Smirke; contin\ied to be erected after
the .'.ame designs, but partly by Sydney Sniirke; and cost
till 185 f, when very far from cumpleto, nokss than about
£300,000. The main front wa.< formerly (hill and lieavy,
but b now graceful and grand. A j)erisr,yli! of forty-
four massive columns extends along a line of 370 feet;
a portico of sixteen columns, in two rows, adorns the
centre; and the psdiment is filled with sculpture by
^\'cstmacott, presenting the progress of man from barba-
rism to relinemeiit. The ground-floor comprises princi-
pally the hall in front, the new reading-room iu the
centre, the library suite on the right, and the sculpture
galleries on the "left. The hall is in the Doric style,
with richly-worked ceiling; measures 62 feet iu length
and 51 feet in width; and coutaius a bust of Mr. Town-
ley, statues of Shakespeare and Sir Joseph Banks, and a
statue of the Hon. Mrs. Damer holding in her hand the
genius of the Thames. The new reading-room occupies
the quondam vacant space of the inner quadrangle ; was
built in 1855-7, after designs by Sydney Smirke, at a
cost of £150,000; has a circular form 140 feet in diame-
ter; is surmounted by an elegant glazed dome 106 feet
high; aflbrds accommodation for 336 readers; and is
heated and ventilated by machinery. The contents of
the museum are far too vast to be indicated within our
available limits ; but they may be sufficiently leai'iied
from a synopsis of them, obtainable for a shilling at the
entrance. The principal purchased collections, additional
to those already mentioned, are the Townley marbles,
£28,200; the Elgin marbles, £35,000; the i'higaliau
marbles, £19,000; Sir William Hamilton's collection,
£8,400; Dr. Burney's manuscripts, £13,500; the Lans-
downe manuscripts, £4,925; the Arundel manuscripts,
£3,559. The principal gifts and bequests are the Cot-
tonian manuscripts; the Royal library of the kings of
England ; the library formed by George III. ; Sir Joseph
Banks's books and botanical specimens^ the Rev. C. Cia-
cherode's books and prints, valued at £40,000; Sir Wil-
liam Musgrave's books, manuscripts, and prints; Payne
Knight's books, drawings, and bronzes ; Dr. Birch's
books and manuscripts; Mr. Grenville's library; and
Tyrwhitt's and Edwardes's book-s, the latter bequeathed
along with £7,000. The printed books amount to fully
one million volumes, and are increased at the rate of
about 75,000 volumes a-year; the manu-scripts are pro-
portionally numerous, and are catalogued under several
heads; the sculptures, bronzes, antiquities, natural his-
tory objects, and miscellaneous curiosities fill many gal-
leries, in classified collections; and all are so arranged
that any group or single one can easily be found.
The new museum in the Exhibition buildings of
18C2 — an extension of the British museum — and the
South Kensington museum and school of art, are noticed
in the .article Kexsingtox. The Soane museum, in
Lincola's-Inn-fields, v.as formed by Sir John Soane, in
his own house; was vested by him in trustees for the
public in 1833; occupies now a house built in 1812; fills
all available spaee in 24 rooms; comprises a vast variety
of both instructive and curious objects; and contains,
among others, the alabaster sarcophagus discovered in
Egypt by Belzoni, and purchased for £2,000. The
School of Mines' museum, or museum of practical geo-
logy, was established in 1835, in connexion \rithtlie Ord-
nance survey; occupies a well-contrived buUdiug, with
front to I'iccadiUy, but with entrance from Jennyu-street,
erected in 1851 at a cost of £30,000; comprises object-
illustrations of the mineral products of every part of
Britain and its colonies, together with nmltitiides of
beautiful specimens of manufactured minerals, and of
implements used in mining and in metallurgy; and main-
tains evening lectures to working-men, iii a hall capable
of accommodating 500. The United Service museum, in
Whitehall-yard, was founded in 1 830, as a repository for
books, documents, and objects of science and of profes-
sional art connected with the army and the navy; was
remodelled in 1S5S, wlien also the building for it was re-
paired; and includes a lecture theatre, with capacity for
500 persons. Tlie Jlissionarics' museum, in lUiiomlield-
street, Moorfield.s was established in conne.^don with the
London Missionary society; contains curiosities and na-
tural history objects from the regions occupied or ex-
plored by the society's missionaries; and includes tho
iilols which were renounced by the South .'^•■a islandei-s
at their embracing Christianity. A naval n'.u.seuin is in
Somerset House, Strand ; another museum is at tha
LONDON.
180
LONDON.
War-office, in Pall-Mali; a numismatic museum, con-
nected with the Bank of England, is in Tavistock-street;
a museum of arms and armour is at Woolwich arsenal:
and a number of other museums are connected with col-
leges and learned societies, and have aln-ndy been inci-
ilentally named. The London librarj-, in St. James'-
siiuare, is a well-managed public subscription library,
with about 60,000 volumes of standard works. Dr. Wil-
liams' library, in Red Cross-street, contains about
20,000 volumes. Archbishop Tenison's library was
founded chiefly for the parishes of St. Martin, St.
James-Westminster, and St. Anne-Westminster; con-
tained about 4,000 volumes; and was recently dissolved.
Many large libraries are either stored in certain public
buildings, or connected with colleges and learned socie-
ties; and have been already mentioned, most of them in
the present article, some in other articles. Circulating
libraries of great extent, in large numbers, and of vari-
ous character, also are in operation.
The Crystal Palace is noticed in an article of its own.
The National gallery occupies all the N side of Trafal-
gar-square; stands on the site of the Kings' mews from
Henry VIII. till George IV. ; was erected in 1S32-S, after
designs by Wilkins, at a cost of £96,000; is in the
Corinthian style, modelled after the temple of Jupiter
Stator, with columns which belonged to the portico of
Carlton House; has a length of 461 feet; is disposed in
the five schools, — Italian, Flemish, Spanish, French,
and English; became quite insufficiently commodious,
in consequence partly of great increase of its contents,
but mainly of its being held, over the E h.alf, byjhe
Koyal Academy; and now, by changes made in 1S67-9,
occupies both the entire original edifice and new spacious
galleries in the rear. Premises for the Koyal Academy,
formed partly out of Burlington House, partly by new
erections, are adjacent, and present a rich front to
Piccadilly. The Royal Academy was founded in 176S;
was originally located iu Somerset House, Strand; re-
moved to the E win^ of the National gallery, in 1838;
gives a well-regulated and gratuitous course of instruc-
tion to approved students in art; and is known to the
iiublic principally b}' its annual exhibition of paintings.
The National Portrait gallery was founded in ISoS, and
placed temporarily in a house in Great George-street,
Westminster. The Dulwich gallery is noticed in the
article Dulwich. The Art Union of London, in West
Strand, was established in 1836, " to extend the love of
the art of design," and to encourage native artists. The
British Institution, in PaU-Mall-West, was established
in 1805 ; purchased then the lease of Alderman Boydell's
gallery; and holds a spring exhibition for modem Brit-
ish artists, and a summer one for the works of old
masters. The Society of British artists, in Suffolk-
street, Pall-Mall-East, the Old Society of painters in
water colours in Pall-SIall-East, and the New Society of
painters in water coloui-s in Pall-ilall-West, hold each
an annual exhibition. The Royal Academy of JIusic, in
Tenterden-street, Hanover-square, was establi-shed in
1822; instructs two classes of students, in-door and cut-
door; and has a large musical library. The Philharmo-
nic society consists of 40 members, 30 associates, and 20
lady associates; has a band of pre-eminent excellence;
and gives its concerts in the Hanover-square room.s.
The Society of British musicians gives concerts in the
same rooms. The Sacred Harmonic society was estab-
lished in 1832, for performing the oratorios of the
great masters; and gives the oratorios in Exeter-hall,
Strand.
Other associ.ations, in connexion with science, litera-
ture, or art, are numerous. Some of the principal are
the Eclectic Society of London, Great Pre5cot-.';tTeet; the
British Association for the advancement of science.
Queen-street-place; the Entomological society, Bedford-
row; the Epidemiological society, Soho-square; the Geo-
logists' association. Cavendish-square ; the Huuterian
society, Blnomfield-street, Finsbury ; the London Medi-
cal Registration association. Trinity - place, Charing-
cross; the Lomlon and Middlesex Arch.'cological society.
Fleet-street; the Meteorological society, Great George-
.■street; the National as.50ciation for the promotion of
social science, Waterloo-place, Pail-Mall; the Natural
History collecting association, Dean street, Soho; the
Numismatic societ}-. Gate-street, I.incoln's-Inn; the Ob-
stetrical society, Bomers-street; theOdonlologica) societj',
Soho-square ; the Ornithological society, St. James"
park; the Pathological society, Bemers-street; the Phar-
maceutical society, Bloomsbuiy-square; the Royal Me-
dical and Chirurgical society, Bemers-street; the Sur-
rey Archaiological society, Southampton-street, Strand;
the Western Medical and Surgical society, Sloane-street;
Bray's institute for founding libraries, " Pali-Mall ; the
British Horological institution, Northampton-square ;
the British Pomological societ}'. Regent-street ; the
Chelsea Athenreum, Carersham-street; the Genealogical
and Historical society, Piccadilly; the Pure Literature
society, Buckingham-street, Strand ; the Koyal Society
of Literature, St. Martiii's place; the College of Precep-
tors, Queen 's-square, Bloomsbury; the Architectural
Union company, Conduit-sti-eet; the Art-Union of Glas-
gow, Alfred-place, Bedford-square; the Cecilian society,
Albion Hall, London-wall; the Guild of Literature and
Art, Wellington-street, Strand; the Photographic society.
New Coventry-street; the Royal Society of female musi-
cians, Macclesfield-street, Soho; and the Universal society
for the encouragement of arts and industry, Duke-street,
Adelphi.
Nearly 650 philanthropic institutions, not including
branch ones or aiLxiliaries, are in the metropolis; they
may be classified into general medical hospitals, lunatic
asylums, special medical hospitals, residential hospitals,
general dispensaries, alms-houses, refuges for the desti-
tute, asylums for orphans, homes for the aged or the
outcast; societies for relieving general distress and desti-
tution, societies for relieving specific distress, societies
for aiding cases of emergency or for preserving life,
institutions for reforming offenders or reclaiming the
fallen, societies for the ameliorating of public morals,
societies for aiding the resources of the industrious, pro-
vident societies, charitable pension societies, religious
book societies, Bible societies, missionnry societies, and
many institiitions or associations of mixed ormiscellaneous
character; and, together with endowed and subscription
schools, they have an annual income of about £806,000
from endowments, and upwanls of £1,000,000 from
voluntary contributions. "The endowed charities for the
City-within-the-Walls, in 1835, amounted to £233,000;
of which £129,000 were for the City hospitals, £43,000
for the grammar-schools, £39,000 for the City parishes,
and £82,000 for the City companies. The charities for
the metropolis, in 1849, comprised 12 general medical
hospitals, with 3,630 beds for in-patients, means of re-
lieving 330,000 out-patients, and an income of £143,000;
25 special medical charities, with means of relieving
106,000 patients, and an income of £97,000; 40 dispen-
saries, with means of relieving 141,000 patients, and an
income of £14,500 ; 93 residential institutions for the in-
firm and the aged, with accommodation for 1,420 per-
sons, and an income of £77,200; 31 residential institu-
tions for orphans and other chihiren, with means of
maintaining 4,400 bovs and girls, and an income of
£80,000; 12 institiitious for the blind and for the deaf
and dumb, with an income of £35,000; 16 pension so-
cieties, with support to 1,050 persons, and an income of
£19,000; 70 societies for aiding the industrious, with an
income of £120,00(1; 12 book and tract societies, ^vith an
income of £167,000; 17 church -bniltling, p.xstoral-aid, and
home-evangelistic socieries, with an income of £114,150;
and 3 Bible societies, 8 foreign mis-iionary societies, 8
colonial missionary societies, 11 missionaiy societies for
Ireland and Scotland, and 2 missionar\' societies for the
Jews, with nggret^'ately an income of £501,560.
The Chelsea hospital, the Greenwich hospital, and
many of the chief philanthropic institutions, are noticed
in other articles. St. Bartholomew's hospital, in Smit'a-
field, one of the largest general medical hospitals, dating
from 1102, and refbunded in its jireseut form in 1547,
contains 5S0 beds; St. Thomas' hospital, founded by
Edward VI., and undergoing removal in 1566 from
LONDC)X.
LONDOX.
Southwark t" ihi Laml'etb embankment, haJ, in its old
pre2iis«s, 430 "wi-Js ; the Middlesex hosfiitul, Charles-
str-^t, ^rarTkbc.ne, founded in 1747, has 200 beds;
Gut's hospital, in S.'iuthwark, built in 176S, has 630
h^is; the \Vc»;iniBiter hospital, in IJroad sanctuary, has
174 I'eds; S:. .Mary's hospital, in Paddington, has l.'iO
hidi; St. George's hospital, at Hj-de-jiark corner, has 350
Wili: UiiiversitTColl-^'ii hospital, in Upper Gower-street,
L^ ICO bcdi: King's College hospital, in Portugal-street,
fouE.de-i Ln 1S39, and built in the Italian style in 1860,
a: a o->SL of ilCO.OOO, has 200 bed.? ; the London hospital,
in ■SVhitei'liipel, had 405 inmates at the census of 1861;
and the Chiriag-crcss hospital, the Pioyal Free, the Pop-
lar, the Merrof-olitan Free, and the Homceopathic had
resfr^ctiTelj I'ji, 101, 24, 16, and 33. iS'ew fever ami
Bniall-pos h:.spital3 at Hampstead, Stockwell, and Homer-
toi, and a large sick asylum at Newington, were projected
aV..nr the "c^gianing of 1869. The lunatic asylums,
■vrita the nvLiab^r ot inmates in each at the census of
liol, are Hoiton House, in Shoreditch, 207; Lethnal
Hoisc-, in Bcthaal-Green, 277; Grove HiUl, in Bow, 348;
St. Luke's ha-pit?.i, iu City -road, 199; Mare -street
House, Loaion House, and Pembroke House, in South
Hackney, 15, 22, and 157; Brooke House, in Hackney,
96; 2'orthuniLerland House, in Stoke-Newington, 79;
Bl^klan.is House, in Chelsea N. E., 40; Elm House, in
CLi^l^ea X. Vi'., 12; Otto House, Noimaud House, Mun-
Et;r Hou-^e, and Sussex and Brandenburgh House, in
Fulhim, 50, 20, 41, and 8S; Mall House, in Hammer-
sraith, 19 ; Eari's Court House, in Brompton, 41 ; Ken-
sic^on Hoose, in Kensington, 73; the Betlilehem hospi-
tal,' in St. George's-fields, 442; Effra Hall, iu Brixton,
SO; the Betxeat, in Clapham, 30; the Surrey Coujity
asvlcm, in "V\'andsworth, 1,053; and Camberwell House
and Peckham House, in CamberweU, 311 and 280._ The
cthtT phi^inthropit; house institutions, e.xclusive of
KicoLs witl: the number of inmates in each at the cen-
sus of 1861, are the Field-lane refuge and the homo for
d&stitnte females, in St. Sepulchre parish, 94 and 87;
the ophthalmic hospital, in St. Stephen-Coleman-street,
&5; the hospital for diseases of the chest aud the Guardian
soi:ielv's asjluia, in Bethnal-Green, 79 and 32 ; King
Edward's refuge for destitute girls in Mile-End-New-
ToT^n. 46; the boys' refuge, in Comiuercial-street, AVhite-
chapel, 104; the Jews' orjihau asylum, in Goodman's-
liciis, 47; the Sailors' home and the destitute sailors'
asvluio, in the Tower precinct, 202 aud 17; llaine's
as^iuia for girls, in St. Gcorge-in-the-East, 43; the
stringers' home for Asiatics, in Limehouse, 29; the Ger-
ir.in Jf:vr% hospital aud the Portuguese hospital, in Mile-
E:: A-Old-Town, 92 and 32; the merchant seamen's orphan
&~T'.\iia, in Broml-iV-St. Leonard, 130; the sailors' home,
in Poplar, S4; the asylum for the houseless poor, in
"Whitecrcss-itreet, 703; the French Protestant hospital,
the City of London lying-in hosjiital, and St. ilark's
hospital f'jr fistula, in or near the City-road, 59, 73, and
32 : the fexale peuitentiary, and the London female
peaitectiaiy, in Pentonville, 66 and 102 ; the hospital
for sick children and St. Elizabeth's hospital, in St.
Gecrge-Hcibcrn, 63 and 44; the house of charity and
the hospital for women, in St. Anne-Soho, 58 aud 31 ;
the boys' icfjge, m Great Queen-street, 107; the British
lyit;g-in-h.>3pital, in Endell-street, 13; the refuge fur
honiele&j sr.d di.-^titute girls, in St. George-Bloomsbury,
42; the Trewint industrial home, Elizabeth Fry's refuge,
and the British ptniteut female refuge, in South Hack-
nev, 22, 26, aid 45; the refuge for the destitute, the
Gcnuan ho-jpit.ii, and the Loudon orphan asylum, in
Hackney, ;1, 6S, aud 430; the invalid asylum for females,
in Stoke-2\e-.ving:on, 25; the Church missiouaries' chil-
dren's hoxe, the Caledonian asylum for children, the
Gleat Xorthem hospital, the sniall-pjx hospital, and the
Lmdon f-iver hospital, in Islington, 93, 121, 18, 35, and
4i-, \he boys' home, in F.ustoii-road, 62; the foundling
hcspiuil, in. Guildfyrd-street, founded in 1739 for found-
licg-s hu; altered in 1760 for puov illogitiinate children
whose mothers anj knovni, 321; the adult orphan insti-
tution, in St. .\n Iruw's-place, St. Pancras, 36 ; the girls,
i-wadry, ths houje for rescue of young women and chil-
dren, the sailors' orphan girls' home, and the soldie.-^
(laughters' home, in Hampstead, 32, 48, 71, and 172;
the cripples' home, the orj.hanage asylum, the house of
juercy, the female protection house. Queen Cliarlotte's
lyiu"-iu-hospital, the Ladies' invalid establishnieiit, and
AU Saints home, in Marylebone, 74, 23, 61, 14, G3, 35,
and 93; the ophthalmic hospital, near Charing-cross, IS;
the lloyal orthopaedic hospital, in St. George-Hanover-
square, 58; the Chelsea home, or hospital for consump-
tion, in Chelsea, IS; the Fulham refuge, in Fulham, 190;
the Eagle House orphanage, St. Joseph's home for
children, and the home of the aged poor, in Hammer-
smith, 75, 51, and 134; St. Philip's orphanage, the can-
cer hospital, and the hospital for consuuiption, in Bromp-
ton, 76, 12, and 213; the London home for females, in
Notting-hill, 21 ; the Lock liospital, in Paddingtuu, 124;
the Magdalen hospital, in Blackfriars-road, 139; the
female orphan home aud the South London institution
for reception of females, in Walworth, 26 and 20 ; the
general lying-in hospital, the industrial home for outcast
boys, the female orphan asylum, and the female philan-
thropic society's house, in Lambeth, 33, 22, 158, and 53;
the girls' industrial home, in Kennington, 32; the British,
orphan asylum, in Clapham, 94; the family home of the
Rescue society, in "Wandsworth, 22; the hospital for in-
curables, in Putney, 101 ; and the female penitentiar\",
in Greenwich, 32. Some large residentiary philanthropic
institutions, connected with the metropolis, are situated
beyond the registration boundaries ; and many non-resi-
dentiary ones, of marked character, which our limits do
not permit us to particularize, are within the boundaries.
The religious societies, Bible, book, missionary, and
miscellaneous, are far too numerous to be all mentioned
within our limits. The principal are the British and
Foreign Bible society, New Earl-street, Blackfriars,
founded in 1804; the Religious Tract society. Paternos-
ter-row, instituted in 1799; the Society for tlie Propaga-
tion of the Gospel in foreign parts, Pall-^Iall, incorporated
in 1601 ; the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge,
at the corner of Queen-street and Lincoln's-Inn-fields,
established iu 1698; the Corpoiation of the Sous of thu
Clergy, Bloomsbury-place, founded by royal charter, iu
1678; the Church J\lissionary Society, Salisbury -square.
Fleet-street, founded in 1800; the Society for employing
additional curates, Whitehall, establi.shed in 1837; the
Pastoral Aid society, Temple Chambei-s, Fleet-street,
instituted in 1836; the Church-Building society, White-
hall, instituted in 1818; the Society for the Conversion
of jews, Lincoln's-Inn-fields, founded in 1S09 ; the
London Missionary society, Blomlield-street, Finsbury,
founded iu 1795; the Baj)tist Missionary society, Moor-
gate-street, founded in 1792; the Wesleyau Missionary
society, Bishopsgate-street, founded iu 1817; the Home
Missionary society, Blomfield-street, instituted in 1819;
the Colonial Missionary society, Blomfield-street, insti-
tuted in 1S36; the London City Jlission, Red Lion-
square ; the London Diocesan Home Mission, Pall-Mali;
the London Diocesan Church-Building society, Pali-
Mall; the Moravian Missions, Hatton-garden ; the Irish
Evangelical society, Blomfield-street ; the Evangelical
Continental society, Blomfield-street ; the Evangelical
Alliance, Adam-street, Adelphi; the Xaval aud Jlilitarv
Bible society, Sackville-street ; the Prayer- Book and
Homily society, Salisbury-square; aud the Protestant
Reformation society, Berners-strcet. A new building
for the British and Foreign Bible society, iu New Karl-
street, Blackfriars, was founded in June 1866, by tho
Prince of Wales, estimated to cost i'29,91S, exchisive <f
warming and ventilation; to be iu the Italian style, four
stories high, 115 feet long, and about 63 feet wide; to
have a staircase and a hall of Caen stone, with coloured
marble panels, veined marble floors, alabaster balusters,
aud cidoured marble Columns with elaborately carved
capitals; aud to be divided into two nearly ecjual por-
tions, for respectively the warehouse and tla^ olhces.
The Religious Tract society's i)remisos in Paternostcr-
row, ure spacious aud ormmieutal; a;ul the businc.-vS
carried on iu tlicni figures largely iu the inibh^hing
trade.
LONDOF.
182
LoyDo^^
Trade and Manufacture. — The best exact index of tlie
trade and manufactures of the registration E;etropolis, is
afforded by the tables of the occupations of :he people, in
the report of the census of 1S61. Twer.rv--one males
were arboriculturists; 8,035 males and 45? females were
employed in gardens; 6,289 males and -^177 females
were employed in fields and pastures; 48,65S m. and 215
f. were general labourers; 10,922 m. and 37 f. were en-
gaged about animals; 31,352 m. and 324 t %vere messen-
~gers and porters; 7,087 m. and 209 f. wer« engaged in
storage; 7,983 m. and 16 f. were carriers on railways;
29,153 m. and 114 f. were carriers on roais; 5,794 m.
and 22 f. were carriers on canals and rivers; 29,642 m.
and 58 f. were carriers on seas and rivers ; 41,310 m. and
794 f. were mercantile persons ; 11,587 m. and 5,402 f.
were general dealers, other than mercantile; 21,770 m.
and 4,636 f. were emjiloyed on books ; 4,720 m. and 104
f., on musical instruments; 3,525 m. and 317 f., on
prints and pictures; 2,097 m. and 4,122 i, on carving
and figures; 1,159 m. and 562 f., on tacMe for sport
and games; 909 m. and 32 f., on designs, medals, and
dies ; 7,726 m. and 176 f., on watches and philosophical
instruments; 473 m. and 179 f., on surgical in.=:truments;
2,063 m. and 236 f., on arms; 13,000 m. and 141 f., on
machines and tools; 5,588 m. and 117 f., on carriages;
3,335 m. and 102 f., nn harness; 8,284 m. and 37 f., on
ships; 86,418 m. and 4,673 f., on houses and buildings;
20,950 m. and 2,699 f., on furniture; 3,020 m. and 10
f., on implements; 3,510 m. and 546 f., ca chemicals;
2,338 m. and 856 f., on wool and woi-sted; 6,412 m. and
6,757 f., on silk; 1,274 m. and 1,685 f., on cotton and
flax; 12,231 m. and 5,330 f., on mixtures of wool, silk,
and cotton; 70,260 m. and 176,070 f., on dress; 3,041
m. and 1,186 f, on hemp and other fibrous materials;
22,854 m. and 5,375 f., on animal food; 22,757 m. and
3,716 f., on vegetable food; 23,698 m. and 2,084 f., on
drinks and stimulants; 3,597 m. and 435 :., on grease,
gut, bones, horn, ivory, and whalebone; 7,784 m. and
860 f., on skins, feathers, and quills; 3,147 m. and 1,743
f., on hair; 5,715 m. and 501 f., on gums and resins;
16,105 m. and 1,745 f , on wood; 888 m. and 43 f., on
bark; 1,624 m. and 366 f., on cane, rusl:, and straw;
5,882 m. and 2,527 f., on paper; 323 m. and 7 f., in
mining; 8,857 m. and 152 f., on coal; 6,9?I m. and 128
f., on stone and clay; 2,542 m. and 418 t, on earthen-
ware; 1,907 m. and 196 f., on glass; 34m., on salt; 507
m. and 3 f., on water; 7,094 m. and 476 f., on gold,
silver, and precious stones; 791 m. and 21 1, on copper;
2,802 m. and 69 f., on tin and quicksilver: 487 m. and
4 f., on zinc; 1,139 m. and 47 f., on lead asd antimony;
8,239 m. and 253 f., on brass and other cLsed metals;
and 18,840 m. and 140 f., on iron and steel
The carrying trade, both within the metropolis and out-
ward from it, is manifold and enormous; and accounts
for the very great numbers, and for the classes, of the
carriers. The general retail trade for the iaward .supply
of the metropolis, and the general wholes.xle trade for the
outward supply of provincial towns, also are enormous;
and account for the great numbers of the general dealers
and the merchants. The publishing trade is so great as
to print and publish far more books than are printed and
published in other parts of the kuigdom. The publish-
ei-s and bookscllei-s, in 1861, comprised 2,>73 males, and
240 females; the bookbinders, 3,691 m., and 4,063 f.;
the printers, 13,803 m., and 134 f ; the new.—aper-agents,
1,143 m.; the other persons employed on jmblications,
255 m, and 199 f . ; the lithographers iind lithographic
printers, 1,546 m.; and the persons of kindred occupa-
tions, 1,079 m., and 317 f. Tlie author; and literary
persons, too, amounted to 1,471 m., an; 110 f.; ami
these evidently were only the authors ai; ; literary per-
sons by profession, or did not include grt-Lt numbers who
had other professions or independent n^.eans, and wrote
for the press only at times or as amateur?. A vast de-
partment of trade accrues from the con.-'int and rapid
increase of the metropolis, and from the demolition and
re-erection of buildings; and this ai!i"our.:> for the great
numbers of persons employed on buil'iing-material.s,
houses, and furniture. The trade in tlie ripply of food
requires, for annual consumption within the metropolis,
about 270,000 o.xen, 30,000 calves, 1,700,000 sheep,
35,000 pigs, 3,750,000 poultry, 4,02.5,000 head of game,
3,000,000 salmon, 310,000 baVrels of oysters, 1,600,000
quarters of wlieat, 2,000,000 sacks of potatoes, and pro-
portionate quantities of other provisions; and account-!
partly for the great amoimt of the carrj-iug trade, and
fully for the groat numbers of persons employed on
animal food and vegetable food. Tlie trade in drinks
and stimulants corresponds in magnitude with that in
the supply of food; and employed, in ISGl, 176 maltsters,
2,994 males and 12 females connected with breweries,
2,466 male and 34 female wine and spirit merchants,
516 distillers or rectifiers, 876 cellannen, aud 401 ginger-
beer and soda-water makers. The consumption of alco-
holic drinks was computed to amount, in 1860, to
43,100,000 gallons of porter, 65,000 pipes of wine, and
2, 000, 000 gallons of spirits. The breweries are so numer-
ous, and on so great a scale, as to be one of the sights of
London ; and two of them, respectively in Brick-lane,
Spitalfields, and in Park-street, Southwark, are believed
to consume on the average yearly 140,000 and 127,000
quarters of malt.
Gardeners are located most numerousl}' in Kensington
and Wandsworth; publishers and booksellers, in Pater-
noster-row and Fleet-street; musical instnmient makers,
in St. Pancras; watch-makers and jewellere, in Clerkeu
well and St. Luke's; coach-makers, in St. Pancras and
Marylebone; cabinet and furniture makers, in St. Pan-
cras aud Shoreditch; silk manufacturers, in Bethnal-
Greeu; dyers and calenderers, in Bethnal-Green aud Shore-
ditch; tailors, in St. .James, Marjdebone, and St. Pan-
cras; women-tailors and seamstresses, in Stepney, White-
chapel, and St. George-iu-the-East ; millinor-s, in Jfary-
lebone and St. Pancras; stay-makers, in Marylebone;
umbrella-makers, in "Whitcchapel and St. George-iu-
the-East; blond- workers, in Islington; upholstery and
lace-workers, in Marylebone; artificial fiower-m.ikcrs, in
St. Pancras; hat-makers, in Southwiirk and Bcrni:)udsey;
leather-workers, in Bermondscy; shoe-makci's, in St.
Pancras, Marylebone, "Whitechapel, Lambeth, and other
parts; shoe-binders, in Shireditch and Bethnal-Green;
sugar-refiners, in Stepney, Whitechapel, and St. Gcorge-
in-the-East; chemical workers and glass-blowers, in
Lambeth ; rope and sail makers, in Stepney and Betlinal-
Green ; ship - builders, in Stepney aud Poplar ; and
engineers, in Stepney, Poplar, and Lambeth. The num-
ber of banks and banking-offices in the metropolis, ex-
clusive of numerous sub-offices, is ninety-five. Most of
them are situated in the City, chiefly in Tlirc.adneedle-
street, Lombard -street, Conihill, Cannon-street, Old
Broad-street, and other places near the Koyal Exchange.
The premises of the Bank of England have been noticed
in the section on Public Buildings; and those of some
other banks, in the section on Structure. — ^The number
of insurance offices is upwards of 170. Very many of
them are in the City, chiefly in Lombard-street, Corn-
hill, King William-street, ^loorgate-street, Chcapside,
Bridge-street-Blackfriars, and Fleet-street; but many also
are in other p.arts, chiefly in Westminster. The premises
of not a few are ornamental. — The associations and public
institutions connected with trade are numerous aud very
diversified; aud they have their ofiices diapersedly through
the metropolis, in localities suited to their several specilic
objects, some in the City, some in Westminster, and
some in other parts. — The princip.d newspapers and
periodicals are so well-known throughout the kingdom
that they do not require to be named; ami some of the
minor ones are so obscure as not to be wortli naming.
Tlie numb.:r (d' very wide'y-circidated n-wspnpcrs \~ about
2U; of limitedly circulated newspapers, abv)ut 1.''0; of
broad-sheets issued less frequently than once a-week,
about 10; of weekly magazines, review.-:, or similar pub-
lications, about 15; of monthly mag.izines or other perio-
dicals, about 95; of quarterly revievcs, and other quar-
terly jicriodicah, about 33. — .\bout 4,300 cabs st.iud for
hire, at about 200 places on or near the princ:(>al thorough-
fares; about 3, ."(00 omnibuses circulate through the me-
tropolis, mostly making the City their central point;
LONDON".
IS}
LONDON.
about "ii coaches or omnibuses, ami about 600 carriers,
go from the City to the oiitwarl suburbs; and about 150
steam-vpssols or other packets sail from about 50 wharves
oa the river to places on the river itself, or to British or
to Continental jjorts.
The Port ard Commrrcc— The port of London -was
formerly liounded seaward by an artificial line from the
Naze in Essex, across the mouth of the Thames estuary
to the North Foreland in Kent; and, as to exercise of
jiirisdietion, or the boarding of vessels, was bounded by a
line from a standing-stone a little above Southend, across
the river, to Gravesend. It then had Gravesend as a
sub-port; but that place having been made an independ-
ent port in ISfiO, the port of London is now limited to
the reaches which may be called suburban. The actual
harbour extends only from London briilge to Woolwich,
or, as densely occupied by shipping, only to the termina-
tion of the Isle of Dogs; and is divided into the Upper
and Lower pools, and the Limchouse, Greenwich, Black-
wall, Bugsby's, and Woolwich reaches. The Upper pool
extends from the bridge to Wapping-old-stalrs, near the
Thames tnruiel ; is ]| mile long, and from 250 to 300
yards broad; and has a depth of from 12 to 16 feet at
low water, and from 29 to 33 at high water. The Lower
pool extends thence to the Eegent's canal, EatcliR'e ; is
about 1 mile long, and from 2S0 to 320 yards broad ; and
has a depth of from 13 to 18 feet at low water. Lime-
Jiousa reach extends thence, round Cuckold's Point, to
Dept ford-yard; is about H mile long, and from 300 to
450 yards broad ; and has a similar depth to the Lower
pool. Greenwich reach extends thence, past Greenmch
hospital, to a total length of about 1 } mile ; Blackwall
reach goes thence along all the E side of the Isle of Dogs;
the two other reaches go eastward thence to Woolwich ;
and these four reaches have an average breadth of from
400 to 500 yards. Ships of 800 tons burden come up to
the pools; and large barges can go nearly 130 miles above
London bridge. Colliers, steamers, and .small craft lie
along-side quays or wharfs on both sides of the pools, or
are moored in the stream ; but large vessels are berthed
in docks excavated from the borders of the river.
St. Katharine's docks, situated immediately below the
Tower, were formed in 1823, at a cost of £1,700,000;
displaced an ancient hospital and about 1,250 houses ;
have a water area of llj acres, and a quay and ware-
house area of 12i acres; are entered through a lock so deep
as to admit ships of 700 tons it any time of the tide ; and
have excellent storage for abont 110,000 tons of goods.
The London docks, situated between St. Katharine's
do'-ks and K.-itcliffe-highway, were partly formed in 1805,
and completed in 1858; comprise 3i.^ acres of water,
4P^ acres of floor in sheds and warehouses, and 20 acres
of vault; include a W dock of 20 acres of water, an E
dock of 7 acre.':, an old or Wapping basin of 3 acres,
and a new basin of 780 feet by 450; are entered partly
by a lock at SliadweU made in 1831, and partly by two
locks, GO feet wide, made in 1853; liavc a magnificent
suite of tea warelwuses, erected in 1844-45, and capable
of receiving 120,000 chests of tea; have also storage for
2i'>,u00 hogsheads of tobacco and 60,000 pipes of wine;
and cost altogetlier about ^4,000, 000. The West India
Uo.ks extend across the istlimus of the Isle of Dogs, be-
tween Limchouse and Blackwall; were formed in 1800-2,
on a capital of £500,000, afterwards raised to £1,200,000;
cover, with tlicir accompaniments, an area of 295 acres;
comprise a northern or import dock, 170 yards long and
166 wide, — a soutiiern or exjiortdock, 170 yards long and
135 wide, — and a more southern or narrow dock, origin-
ally a canal to give iliiect conimunicatinn between Black-
wall reach and Liniehnii^ic reach, and nearly i,' of a mile
long; have such oxtensivo storage as to have held at one
time 148,.''<fi'{ ca.sks of sugar, 35,158 pipes of rum and
wine, 4.3;i,GlS hags and 70,S75 barrels of coflee, 21,350
tons of logwood, antl 1 1,021 logs of mahogany; have
also, arounil the import and the ex|iort docks, a lofty en-
closure-wall 5 feet thick: and, though retaining their
original jiamo of West India docks, are now open to
ships from all conntrifs. The I' ;ist ludia do. ks, situ.itcd
at Jilnckwall, a little below the West India docks, were
formed in 1803-6 ; include an import dock of 19 acres,
an cxj)ort dock of 10 acres, and a liasin of 3 acres; and,
since the opening of the trade to India, have been avail-
able for all kinds of ships. The Commercial docks,
situated on tlie Surrey side of the river, are entered at a
point between I'andall's-rents and Dog-and-Duck-stairs,
nearly opposite King's-Arms-stairs in the Isle of Dogs ;
originated in a great wet dock called the llowland,
formed so early as 1660, frequented by whaling ships,
and thence called afterwards the Greenland docks ; under-
went great improvement in 1809, and numerous enlarge-
ments in subsequent years ; comprise seven docks, to-
gether with timber-ponds and yards, occupying a total
area of upwards of 150 acres; and are open to vessels of
all kinds, and much used by those in the Baltic and East
country commerce. The Surrey docks, aiijoining the
Commercial new docks, were formed at a cost of £100,000;
and are the usual place of vessels laid up for sale. The
Victoria docks, on the S side of the river, in a quondam
desolate tract of the Plaistow marshes, were formed in
1855; comprise a water-area of 90 acres, upwards of a
mile of quayage, and a total area of 200 acres: and have
three pairs of lock-gates, the largest of which is 80 feet
in span and entirely of iron. The West London docks,
chiefly for barges, on the E side of Battersea park, were
authorized in 1864. Two new graving docks at Black-
wall were completed in 1866. The Millwall docks were
formed in 1866-9; have a water-area of more than 3-3
acres, capable of enlargement to 52 acres, with a depth
of about 28 feet, and with a wharf-frontage of about 6,000
feet; are in the form of the letter T, with the supporting-
line stretching toward the West India docks; have a great
lock 450 feet long and 80 feet wide, and a graving dock
413 feet long and from 65 to 80 feet wide; and are engirt
by a land-area of 152 acres for wharves and warehouses.
Another new dock of about 24 acres, specially for vessels
in the East India trade, was formed contemporaneously
with the Millwall docks, not far from them, and con-
nected with tlie East India docks. An enlargement of
the Limehouse canal dock, together with construction of
a ship entrance-lock 350 feet long by 60 feet wide, was
projected in 1868.
The vessels belonging to the port in 1701 were 560, of
aggregately 84,882 tons; in 1798 were 2,G6G, of aggre-
gately 568,208 tons; and at the beginning of 1864 were
731 small sailing ves.sels, of aggregately 25,364 tons,
1,873 large sailing vessels, of aggregately 801,200 tons,
175 small stcara-vessels of aggregately 5,060 tons, and
437 large steam-vessels, of aggregately 227,702 tons.
The vessels v/hich cleared in 1753 were 1,36'.', of aggre-
gately 180,250 tons ; and 150 of them were foreign built.
The vessels which entered in 1796 were 4,17G, of aggre-
gately 723,985 tons, from colonial and foreign ports, and
11,176, of aggregately 1,059,915 tons, coastwise; and
2,169 of those from colonial and foreign ports were for-
eigners. The vessels which cleared in 1863 were 1,427
British .sailing vessels, of aggregately 802,000 tons, to
British colonies; 116 foreign sailing vessels, of aggre-
gately 57,831 tons, to British colonies; 1,142 British
saOiug vessels, of aggregately 188,746 tons, to foreign
countries; 3,045 foreign sailing vessels, of aggregately
683,299 tons, to foreign countries; 91 liritisli steam-
vessels, of aggregately 46,680 tons, to British colonies;
1,804 15ritisii .ste.im-vessel j, of aggregately 619,523 tons,
to foreign countries; 542 foreign steam-vessels, of aggrc-
g.atcly 192,742 tons, to foreign countries; C,457 sailing
vessels, of aggregately 459,994 tons, coastwise; and
1,833 steam-vessels, of aggregately 063,590 tons, coast-
wise. The vessels wliich entered in 1863 were 2,064
British sailing vessels, of aggregately 857,820 tons, from
British- colonies; 281 foreign sailing vessels, nf aggre-
gately 152,013 tons, from British cclonies; 2,820 British
•sailing vessels, of aggregately 607,411 ton', from foreign
countries; 3,G37 foreign sailing vessels, of aggreg.itdy
809,497 tons, from foreign countries ; 100 I'liitisli s-team-
vcssels, of aggregately 59,811 tons, from British colimies;
2,120 liritisli steam-vessels, of aggregately 7i"'2,)S9 tons,
from foreign countries; 53G foreign steam-vessels, of ag-
gregately 192,432 tons, from foreign cimntries; 1.3,821
LONDON.
184
LONDON.
sailing vessels, of aggregately 1,819,352 tons, coastwise;
and 3,219 steam-vessels, of aggregately 1,324,785 tons,
coastwise.
The exports of home produce in 1863, comprised in
declared real value, alkali soda, jt:85,820; apparel and
slops, £1,846,989; small fire-arms, £267,899; guni^ow-
der, £242,337; beer and ale, £1,157,005; butter,
£80,802; candles, £167,827; cheese, £91,927; coals, cin-
ders, and culm, £109,418; cotton yarn, £1,177,299;
cotton piece goods, £5,698,584; cotton hosiery and
small wares, £317,229 ; earthenware and porcelain,
£244,541; fish, £47,056; glass, £375,663; haberdashery
and millinery, £1,526,147 ; hardwares and cutlery,
£1,001,647; unwrought leather, £312,530; wrought
leather, £1,055,095; saddlery and harness, £224,207 ;
linen yarn, £433,311; linen piece goods, £477,883;
linen thread, tapes, and small ware, £26,676; steam-
engines, £446,732; other sorts of machinery, £625,201;
pig, bar, and cast iron, and bolts and wire, £638,804;
railroad iron, £502,643; all other kinds of iron,
£1,135,214; unwrought steel, £40,455; unwrought
copper, £484,601; wrought or partly -wrought cop-
per, £1,471,987; lead and shot, £549,300; unwrought
tin, £252,602; tin plates, £241,303; seed oil, £354,2SS;
painters' colours, £253,639; paper, £368,625; salt,
£19,229; silk -yarn and thrown-silk, £540,535; siUc
manufactures, £258,694; British and Irish spirits,
£125,536; refined sugar, £324,307; sheep and Iambs'
wool, £259,689; wooUen and worsted yarn, £23,635;
woollen cloths, £798,538; worsted and mbced stuffs,
£1,340,578; flannels, carpets, and kindred fabrics,
£716,543; woollen hosiery and other goods, £294,710;
all other articles, £7,166,230;— altogether, £36,211,510.
The exports of foreign and colonial produce in the same
year, comprised 50,135 c^vts. of bacon and hams, 9,252
cwts. of Peruvian bark, 6,560 cwts. of caoutchouc,
4,145,647 lbs. of cocoa, 65,926,037 lbs. of coffee, 18,409
qrs. of wheat, 21,939 cwts. of wheatmeal or flour, 424,704
cwts. of raw cotton, 215,954 pieces of cotton fabrics,
£49,714 worth of other cotton articles, 16,305 cwts. of
cochineal, 45,074 cwts. of indigo, 13,000 cwts. of dj'cssed
and undressed flax, 77,521 cwts. of currants, 34,591
cwts. of raisins, 4,983 tons of guano, 91,335 cwts. of
shell lac, £57, 665 worth of hair and goats' wool manu-
factures, 203,557 cwts. of dressed and undressed hemp,
252,544 cwts. of untanned hides, 44,926 tons of partly
wrought and partly unwrought copper, 12,504 tons of
bar-iron, 3,587 tons of spelter or zinc, 18,860 tons of
block, ingot, bar, or slab-tin, 190,119 cwts. of cocoa nut
oil, 85,707 cwts. of palm oil, 11,343 lbs. of opium,
1,212,513 lbs. of quicksilver, 876,371 cwts. of unhusked
rice, 20,673 cwts. of saltpetre, 81,465 qrs. of flax-seed
and linseed, 41,286 qrs. of rape-seed, 392,714 lbs. of raw
silk, 17,984 lbs. of thrown silk, 24,977 pieces of baudan-
nas, corahs, choppas, romals, andtaffaties, 725,355 lbs. of
cinnamon, 9,240,160 lbs. of pepper, 2,035,065 gallons of
rum, 727,399 gallons of brandy, 30,107 gallons of geneva,
94,886 gallons of unenumerated spirits, 247,019 gallons
of mLxed spirits in bond, 333,369 cwts. of unrefined su-
gar, 21,413 cwts. of foreign refined and candy sugar,
35,521 cwts. of molasst's, 30,225 cwts. of tallow,
25,057,393 lbs. of tea, 252,917 lbs. of stemmed tobacco,
5,276,075 lbs. of uustommed tobacco, 1,679,496 lbs. of
foreign manufactured tobacco and snuff, 2,01 4, 794 gallons
of wine, and 38,484,856 lbs. of sheep, lamb, and alpaca
wool.
The imports of foreign and colonial produce, in 1S63,
comprised 83,849 head of oxen, bulls, and cows, 341,565
head of sheep and lambs, 8,539 tons of bones, 6,599,821
lbs. of cocoa, 107,093,177 lbs. of coffee, 881,299 qrs. of
wheat, 547,160 qrs. of barley, 1,597,567 qrs. of oats,
48,776 qrs. ofpea.se, 111,281 iirs. of beans, 112,545 qrs.
of maize, 1,150,507 cwts. of wheatmeal and flour, 715,461
cwts. of raw cotton, £598,118 worth of cottou manu-
factures, 10, 033 cwts. of cochineal, 72,349 cwts. of in-
digo, 4,088 cwts. of madder, madder-root, and munjeet,
22,159 cwts. of dressed or undressed flax, 934 cwts. of
tow, 616,292 cwts. of curranU, 721,202 bushels of le-
uioits aud oranges, 290,082 cwta. of raisins, 83,513 tons
of guano, 278,571 cwts. of hemp, 740,751 cwts. of jute
and other vegetable substances of the nature of undressed
hemp, 279,311 cwts. of diy untanned hides, 274,850
cwts. of wet untanned hides, 3,495,394 lbs. of tanned,
tawed, or dressed liides, 20,924 tons of mahogany, 7,996
tons of copper ore and regulus, 2,707 tons of partlv
wrought and partly unwrought copper, 12,225 tons o'f
unwTought iron in bars, 14,721 tons of unwrought and
rolled spelter, 49,715 cwts. of unwrought tin, 5,G20 tun.s
of train, blubber, and spermaceti oils, 152,688 cwts. of
palm oil, 312,934 cwts. of cocoa nut oil, 5,118 tuns ot
olive oil, 7,797 tuns of seed oils, 29,419 tons of oilseed
cakes, 298,333 cwts. of bacon and haras, 102,159 cwts.
of salted beef, 99,115 cwts. of salted pork, 426,842 cwts.
of butter, 185,239 cwts. of cheese, 609,167 great hun-
dreds of eggs, 56,682 cwts. of lard, 10,454 tons of rags
and other materials for making paper, 1,325,525 cwtl.
of unhusked rice, 364, 3U5 cwts. of saltpetre and
cubic nitre, 128,036 cwts. of clover-seed, 476,363 qrs. of
flax-seed and linseed, 158,262 qrs. of rape-seed, 2,910,092
lbs. of raw silk, 44,918 lbs. of thrown silk, C67,5S7'lbs.
of sOk broad-.stuffs, 475,263 lbs. of ribbons, 154,413
pieces of bandannas, corahs, choppas, tussore-cloths,
romals, and taflaties, 13,778,751 lbs. of pepper, 28,077
cwts. of pimento, 5,133,148 gallons of rum, 2,070,146
gallons of brandy, 66,434 gallons of geneva, 5,047,932
cwts. of unrefined sugai-, 77,039 cwts. of refined sugar
and sugar candy, 96,831 cwts. of molasses, 720,439
cwts. of tallow, 132,187,293 lbs. of tea, 6,229,642
lbs. of stemmed tobacco, 24,413,518 lbs. of unstem-
med tobacco, 2,183,439 lbs. of manufactured tobacco,
cigars, and snuff, 4,128,444 gallons of red wine,
6,231,241 gallons of wliite wine, 248,646 loads of unsawu
or unsplit timber, 540,461 loads of sawn or si.lit timber,
20,086 loads of staves, 110,424,521 lbs, ot' sheep and
lambs' wool, and £850,236 worth of woollen niauufac-
tures. The amount of customs, in 1263, was £150; in
1641, £500,000; in 1845, £10,835,156; in 1862,
£12,156,114; in 1807, £10,819,711.
Kiver - steamers ply to Chelsea and Battersoa, from
London bridge, every ten minutes, calling at fifteen in-
termediate places; to Wandsworth, Putney, Hammer-
smith, Chiswick, Barnes, Slortlake, Brentford, and Kew,
every half hour ; to Lambeth, every five minutes, calling
at five intermediate places; to Greenwich and Wool-
wich, every twenty minutes, calling at Litermediate
piers ; to Gravesend, from one or other of several starting
points, many times a-day, calling at intermediate places;
to Sheerness, several times a-day, calling at Gravesend
and other places; and to Southend, from Hungerford
and the Temple daily, calling at interme.liate places.
Sea-steamers sail to Aberdeen, usually twice a-week; to
Algoa Bay and Natal, every alternate mouth; to Am-
sterdam, weekly; to Antwerp, several times a-week, sorao
of them calling at Harwich ; to Belfast, every Wednes-
day, calling at Plymouth and Waterford; to Bilboa and
Santander, twice a-month; to Bordeaux, about every ten
days ; to Boulogne, daily ; to Bremen, every Thursday ;
to Bristol, once a-fortuight, calling at Fowey ; to Caen,
eveiy Wednesday and Saturday; to Calais, twice a-week;
to Christiania, every alternate Thursday, calling at Chris-
tiansand; to Constantinople, twice a-mouth; to Co-
penliagen and Stockholm, every three weeks during the
open season ; to Cork, every Thursdiiy, calling at Ply-
mouth; to Dieppe, every Tuesday and Friday ;°to Dub-
lin, every Wednesday and Saturday; to Dujidee, twico
a-week; to Dunkirk, every second or third day; to tho
Edinburgh ports of Leith and Granton, every Wednes-
day and Saturday ; to Falmouth, every Wednesday and
Saturday; to Genoa, Leghoni, Naples, ^lessina, and
Palermo, on the 1st and 15th of every month; to Goth-
enburg, about every 14 days ; to Hamburg, oi.e every Fri-
day morning, another twice a-weck; to^Harburg, every
Sunday; to Harlingen, every Wednesday and Sunday;
to Havre, twice a-weck; to Hull, every Wednesday and
Saturday; to Ipswich, daily, calling at Walton and Har-
wich; to Lisbon, every fortnight; to Liverpool, every
Saturday night, calling at Plymouth, Falmouth, and
Penzance; to Malta, twice a-mouth; to Middlcsbor-
LONDON".
LONDON.
3ugh-oa-Tee3, every SatmJay; to Ke\vcastle-on-Tyne,
thrw times a-week; to Nieu Diep, every week; to
Opcrto, twi.-e a-month ; to OstenJ, every "Wednesday
an'l Sarordiv; to Plymouth, on the way to Cork and to
Liverpool; to Portsmouth, on the way to Dublin and to
Livcrp-Dvl; to P.otterdara, five days a- week; to Soar-
boror.icb, once a-week ; to Smyrna, twice a-month ; to
Soutiiimpton, every Wednesday; to St. Petersburg,
6Vcry week during the open season ; to Sunderland, once
a-w-ek ; to Waterford, every Wednesday ; to West
Hdrtlrpool, everj- Saturday; to Yarmouth, every Wed-
Hii-iiy and Saturday. Some commerce also, by means
of intermediate railway communication, is maintained
through the ports of Dover, Folkestone, Littlebampton,
and Fleetwood.
PuiUs Worf:s. — Causewaying with cube-stones, in the
forming of great roads, was well-known to the Romans;
ai:d piving with lava, to form elevated side-walks, is
found to have beea practised at Herculaneum and
Ponjj.>eii; but the paving of streets with stones, in so far
as iiisrory or monuments inform us, was first practised,
so late as the mid«.Lle of the 9th century, in the city of Cor-
dova ia Spain. Paving does not appear to have been com-
menced in London till the l"2th century; was then done
on'y Ten," partially; and was not by any means general
till the 17th centiiry. A brief but graphic account of the
state of the pavements, toward the end of that century,
has i-een giv-n, in an extract from Macanlay, in our his-
toric<il section. The principal streets eventually came to
!:•« Well causewayed, in the central portions, for horses
ani vehicle:^, and smoothly flagged, at the sides, for foot-
passeLgers; but the suburban streets were dressed only
in the maacrr of good country roads, and even yet, to a
considerable aggregate, are merely macadamized iu the
central parrs, and lirted with gravel-paths at the sides.
Vigorous attcTupts were made, about 18i0 and subser^uent
year;, tosubsritute wood in the carriage-ways and asphalt
in the foot-piihs ; but these had very doubtful success,
and were ia great degree abandoned. An aggregate
Etreetway of not less than 2,000 miles now is well jiaved;
ar.d the annaal expense of keeping it in repair is not
lauoh under £2,000,000. The management of paving,
cleaning, and draining, prior to 1855, was vested iu
abjT.t 3ij0 diuerent bodies, with 10,500 paid functionaries,
under 250 local acts; was so wastefully conducted that,
for every £100 spent iu improvements, £150 were spent
in salaries, dinners, and incidental matters; underwent
mater.al amelioration at the passing of the metropolitan
ia:pr-;vf.menl act of 1855; is still exceedingly divided
and {.a from satisfactorily effective; and was the subject
of a n.jtice ia the House of Commons, in 1S66, that it
should be centralized, made more economical, and
carried out with more unity of purpose. One clause of
the a;t of li55 puts the sweeping of the streets under
the direction of the piarochial boards; another puts the
care of keeping the crossings clean on the same boards;
sri.jther requires that all refuse bo taken away at certain
j'eri>ls of the daj-; and the act imposes heavy fines for
the neglect of these duties, but omits to say by whom the
fines arc to be imposed. The parochial boards, therefore,
are Ivit very much to their own discretion, or to act main-
ly on theii- own sense of duty. A metropolitan board was
constituted by the act, to control the parochial boards, to
CT.rrr out those great street improvements which we
notice-l in the section on Structure, and to devise and
exev-ute the gTi-at works of drainage which we have still
to notice; and that board Las worked out highly bene-
ficial rr-s'ilts, auil still carries on its operations, but has
very little \-yxvT over the jiarochial boards. The oiilces
of tiic nielryjKjlitan board stand at Spring-Gardens, and
wvr= built iu ]5'51; they oci;upy a very peculiaily-shaned
piece of ground, and present tHi. fronts, each about' 85
feet long, set at a wide angb:, witli the junction rounded
c.tff-->r tiie .-.t.ite entrance; tliey arc three stories high, in
the Pall.idi.-in Style, tiie tirat story rusticated,- the .s'econd
IolIc, the third Corinthian; tiny have a facing of
"coinpo," with stone f-r the carvings; and they contain
a public board-room, A'J feet long, IIO Icet wide, and ."53 feut
Ligfi, with pilasters and panels iu the style of the exterior.
The lighting of Londoa at night, till a coinpai-atively
recent period, like the lighting of every other city iu
Europe, was of a most pitiful kind, A great progress
was made iu 1714 by ordering the citizens to hang out
lamps at their doors on dark nights, from six in the
evening till eleven; but the lighting in 1734 comprised
no more than about 1,000 small lamps; and even so late
as 1797, it had mere glimmerings from lamps, at about
every tenth door. The lamps, too, were lighted only
from llichaelmas till Lady-day, only from six in the
evening till miilnight, and onlj' from the third day after
each fuU moon till the sixth day after the new one. The
lighting is now done from IS public gasworks, producing
aonualiy about 5,000,000,000 cubic feet of gas, sent
through upwards of 2,000 miles of pipes, and costing up-
wards of £1,500,000. The gas-works and companies are
the British gas-works. Old Ford; the Chartered Gas and
Coke company, Horseferry-road, Westminster, Brick-lane,
and Curtain-road ; the Commercial Gas Company, Beu
Jonson's fields; the Deptford gas-works. Creek-street; the
Equitable gas-works, Thames-bank, Westminster; the
Great Central Gas Consumers' company. Bow-common;
the Imperial gas-works. Maiden-lane, Hackney, Shore-
ditch, and Fulham; the Independent gas-works, ilag-
gerston; the London Gas-company, Westminster and
Vauxhall; the Phrenix gas-works, Bankside, Blackfriai-s-
road, and Bridge-street, Greenwich; the Poplar gas-
works. King-street; the Eatclilfe gas-works, Wapping;
the South Metropolitan Gas company, Surrey Can.il-
bridge, Camberwell; and the Surrey Consumers' Gas
company, Rotherhithe Western, Kensal-green. An en-
actment is in force, that no gas-pipe shall be laid within
4 feet of a wator-])ipe, except where the one must cross
the other; and that, when a crossing is ine\ itable, no
joint in a gas-pipe must come within 4 feet of a water-
pipe. A new arrangement, in some localities, for the
laying of gas-pipes and water-pipes, is made by means of
the " subways " which we noticed iu the article on Struc-
ture. A great meeting, on the requisition of nearly
1,000 gas-consumers iu the City, aud convened by the
lord mayor, was held in the Guildhall in lSb'5, to take
steps for a reduction in the price of ga.s from 43. 6d. to
2s. 9d. per 1,000 cubic feut; and unanimously resolved
that measures should be adopted for obtaining an act to
empower the Corporation either to purchase the existing
gas-plant and contract for the supply of gas into it, or tc
erect works and enter into the manufacture and distribu-
tion of gas to the consumers.
The supply of water to the metropolis, in its early
periods and down to the formation of the New river, has
been incidentally noticed in our historical section. Tiio
supply eventually came to be furnished from the works
of nine public comjumies; amounted on the average, ia
1856, to 88,000,000 gallons daily, or 239 gallons per
house; and ran through an aggregate of 2,08d miles of
main pipes and branches. Nearly one-half is drawn from
the river Thames; and the rest is drawn from the river
Lea, the small river Eaveusbourn, and various brooks
and springs. The Thames portion was originally raised
at .spots within the bounds of the metropolis, at no great
distance from the mouths of the common sewers; but
after 31 Aug. 1855, no company, except the Chelsea
compp.ny, w-as allowed to take water from any part of the
Thames below Teddington Lock. The prevention of
impurity, in the case of all the supplies, was further
secured by an enactment, that all reservoirs within five
miles of St. Paul's shall be covered, or that tlie water
shall be filtered. The nine companies differ wivloly as to
at once the sources whence thej' d'aw, the ijuantities
which they supply, and the portions of the metropolis
which they serve. The Grand Junction ccmpany draws
from the Tiianics above Hampton ; supplies about
7,000,000 gallons daily; and serves Paddington and
part of Piccadilly. The West Sliddli-scx company dra-.vs
from the Thames at Hampton; suppliesabout 11,500,000
gallons daily; and serves Ifegent's-park and Portland
Town. The Chelsea company draws IVuui the Thames at
Seething- wdls, near Thames-Ditton; supjilies about
7, 500,OUO gallons daily ; and serves Chelsea aud Belgiavia.
LONDON.
186
LONDON.
The Soutliwark and Vauxhall company dra-n-s from the
Thames at Hampton; supplies a similar quantity to the
West lliildlcsex company; and serves fjrcat part of South-
•wark and Kennington, together with Wandsworth, Clap-
liam, Peckham, and some other parts. The Lambeth
company draws from the Thames between Kingston and
Thames-Ditton ; supplies about 8,000,000 gallons daily;
and serves Lambeth, Newington, Caniberwell, Brixton,
Tooting, Streatham, and Diilwich. The New River
company draws from Chadwell-spring near Ware, from
other small springs, from the river Lea, and from four
artesian wells ; supplies about 27,000,000 gallons daily ;
and serves the City, Islington, Highbury, Hornsey,
Highgate, and Hampstead. The East Londou company
draws from the river Lea, by a canal to Old Ford ; sup-
plies nearly 16,000,000 gallons daOy; and serves from
Upper Clapton south-ward to Bcthnal-Green and Lime-
house, and eastward to Stratford and Plaistow. The
Kent company draws from the Eavensbouru rivulet;
supplies nearly 4,000,000 gallons daily; and serves Dept-
ford, Greenwich, Blackheath, Charlton, and Woolwich.
The Woolwich and Plumstead company was established
so late as 1852 ; draws from a well and deep bcring in the
chalk ; supplied 550,000 gallons daily in 1856 ; and serves
part of the same places as the Kent company. An
official report in 1S66 showed the Grand Junction's water
to contain 17'49grainsofsolidmatter per gallon; the West
Middlesex's, 16-77; the Chelsea's, 16-6; the Sonthwark
and Vauxhall's, 17-1; the Lambeth's, 18-39; the New
Eiver's, 17-16; the East London's, 18-16; the Kent's,
27-86. An official report for 1863 showed that, in
100,000 parts of water, the total solid imp::rity varied
from 26-9 in the New Kiver's to 45-3 in the Kent's; while
it was only 6-2 in the water of Manchester, 4 6 in that of
Lancaster, 30 in that of Glasgow, and 22 in that of
Whitehaven. The same document showed also that con-
tamination from sewage or manure affected from 1,590
to 3,842 parts in every 100,000 of the London waters, but
•was absent from those of the towns named. Improvement
of the London waters was reached before the end of 1868,
and was expected to go on.
Additional supplies of water, even for the present
population, have become highly desirable or ijuite essen-
tial; and for prospective increase of population, are a
very grave desideratum. Supplies of purer quality, too,
at least for all drinking and cooking purposes, are loudly
called for, and would be required to the extent of divert-
ing the present supplies all to other purposes. Tentative
measures were in progre.ss in 1866, on the part of the
-water companies, to obtain additional supplies from the
river Severn immediatelj' above Tewkesbury ; to render
these supplies pure by diverting or utilizing all the sewage
of the towns higher up the river ; and to convey the sup-
plies to large reseri'oirs at a distance of 9 miles from
Tewkesbury, and at a sufficient elevation to send the
■water imder high pressure to every portion of the metro-
polis. The works were estimated to cost about £3,000,000.
An alternative project was, at the same time, a-foot on
the part of the water companies, in the event of the
tentative measures for the .Severn scheme V-eing unsatis-
factory, to draw supplies from the sources of the river
Wye among the Welsh mountains, with constniction of
works to cost £2,500,000 more than those for the Severn
scheme, or altogether £5,500,000. Various projects, in-
dependent of these of the water companies, were under
discussion in 18^)6; and the most rcmarka'jle of them
were one proposed by Jlr. Bateman, and another pro-
posed by Jlessrs. Henmns and Hassard. !Mr. Bateman's
project was to form collecting reservoirs among cooms
and upland vah-s of certain groups of the Welsh moun-
tains, and to coMstnict an aqueiitict thence to London
183 miles long; and, though contemplating vast cost,
was computed to afford very f;\ir prospect of yielding
good pecuniai-j' compensation. .Messrs. Hemans and
Jl.assanl's project was to bring .supplies fro:n the lakes of
AVestmorchind and Cumberland; to coiist.-ict an aque-
duct 240 miles long, -with a tunnel of 7i ir.iles in length
under Kirk.stnne-pass ; to send off 50,00'!'.000 g.illoiis
daily to towns on the way to London; aui to bring to
London itself 200,000,000. Tlie cost of this stupendous
work was estimated at £12,200,000; and the rate to be
levied for the supply by it on house-rental in London,
was estimated at possibly not more than 7 id. or 8d. per
pound, and, on the highest and most unfavourable view
of the -n'holc case, at not more than ll^d.
A plentiful and regular supply of water is essential,
not only for the health of the population and for tho
carrying on of manufactures, but also for the extinguish-
ing of conflagi-ations. London, under its improved mo-
dern consti-uction, may no longer fear to suffer desola-
tion by fire on any such awful scale as in former times;
but, from the density of its streets, the prodigious nu-
mcrousness of its places of business, and the combusti-
bility of the materials stored in its warehouses or used
in its manufactures, as well as from other causes, it is
still subject to frequent accidental fires. Some of the
fires, even in recent j'ears, in spite of all precautions to
prevent them, and of all appliances to extinguish them,
have been very great ; and so many, on the average, as
900 in the year, or a fraction more than 17 in the week,
take place. Two fire-engines, in terms of an act of 1688,
were required to be kept by every parish ; and so m.any
as 300 of them were at one time in use; but they -were
mere "hand squirts," of little effective ser-i-ice. The
formation of insurance companies began in 1682, went
on slowly till 1717, accelerated rapidly during the rest
of last ceutur)', and led the way to more efficient me-
thods for suppressing fire. The companies, for a long
time, were too rivalrous with one another to originate
common action ag.ainst fires; but at length in 1833 ten
of them agreed to place their engines under one commit-
tee of management, with an organized body of men to
work as one force. The new organization took the n-ame
of the fire brigade; had soon about 100 trained men, with
two floating engdnes on the Thames, and twenty-seven
other large engines and nine small ones; and disposed
them at a central station in Watling-.stroet, and at nine-
teen other stations. An institution for rescuing per-
sons from burning houses rose simultaneouslj' with tho
fire brigade; divided the metropolis into si.xty-two sec-
tions, each with an area of half a mile square; has trained
men every night in readiness to act on the alarm of five;
keeps, at fortj'-two stations, fire-escapes in constant
readiness for action; and is computed to have rescued,
on the average, about eight persons ever}' year. A new
fire brigade in room of the previous one, and under the
management of the Metropolitan Board of Works, began
to act at the commencement of 1866; consists of chiefs
and 350 officers and men, distributed among 33 large and
56 small stations, and provided with 4 steam floating en-
gines, 4 large land -steamers, 27 small land-steamers, and
370 large manual engines, -with horses, drivers, and all
needful appliances; and is to be maintained at a cost of
not more than £50,000 a-year. The increase, as com-
pared with the previous fire brigate, comprises 219 fire-
men, 72 stations, 2 large floating engines, 2 large land-
steamers, 4 STuall land-steamer.s, and 61 manual engines.
A system of drainage was instituted in the time of
Henry VI. ; umlerwcnt improvement and vast extension
at various subsequent periods; was investigated by a
committee of the House of Commons, in 1834; and ac-
quired a condition w-hich, though well seen to be far from
perfect, was thought for a time to be. sullioiently effective.
That system included, on the N side of the Tliames, no
fewer than 50 main sowers, aggregately 106 miles long,
— on the S side, 21 main sewers, aggregatolj- 60 ndlcs
long; comprised, with subsidiaiy sewers, not less than
an aggregate of 1,000 miles of imderground channels;
discharged daily into the Thames, on the N side, about
7,045,120 cubic feet of sewage, — on the S side, about
2,457,600 cubic feet; and was enlarge 1, dr.ring flic fifteen
months ending in JIarch 1S57, to tiie aggregate of 44
miles of sewers, at a cost of nearly £100,000. But some
of its sowers were, in f.ict, mere subterr.ancin canals,
constructed along the beds of ancient streams; so many
as drained about 3 square miles of streets and otlu r
densely edificed places, discharged into the Tliamrs ,- 1
points from G to 7 feet below high-water mark, with tl.o
LONDON.
187
LONDON.
sfTect of renilcring tlicin, throni^hout these 3 square
miles, lUiring a large proportion of cvei-y twelve hours, a
vast series of sheer cesspools; and all poured their con-
tents into the river in direct contact with the metropo-
lis, converting all its waters into foul diluted sewage,
ollVnsive enough if the current had always been running
seawani, and made intensely oftensive by the stemming
of the tides. An entirely new system, under the direc-
■ tio:i of the Metropolitan Board of Works, was begun to
be formed in 1S59; went steadily on information, during
subbCiiucnt ye.ire; was nearly completed at the end of
1869; and is estimated to Lave cost about £4,100,000.
This comprises three main sewers, called the high level,
the middle level, and the low level, on the N side of the
river, and two main sewers, called the high level and the
low level, on tho S side; it was based on the principle of
intercepting the old draimge b}' new lines of sewers, at
right angles to the previous sewers, and a little below
their levels; it conveys the entire sewage of the metro-
polis, and as much as practicable of the rain-fall, to out-
lets at Barking creek on the N and at Crossness Point on
the S, about 1-1 mUcs below London bridge; it carries off
as large a proportion as possible by gravitation, and pro-
vides u discharge for the remainder by constant pumping;
it delivers the whole into terminal reservoirs, placed at
such a level on the banks of the river as enables them to
empty themselves at or about the time of high water;
and, by that arrangement, it both secures the dilution of
the entire volume of sewage there by the large mass of
the tidal waters, and occasions it to be carried off by the
ebb to a point 26 miles below London bridge, so as effec-
tually to prevent the return of it by tlie following flood
tide to the metropolitan area. The high level sewer, on
the N side, comn.ences immediately below Hampstead-
heath; and runs, by HoUoway, Stoke-Newington, Hack-
ney, and Bow, to the outfall at Barking-creek. The
midcUe level sewer commence.' near Kensal-green; fol-
lows the U.-cbridge road and Oxford -street; crosses Clerk-
enwell-green, Bethnal-green, and Old Ford; passes onto
the Hackney marshes; and there falls into the high level
sewer. The low level sewer commences above Slillbank
penitentiary; nms nearly parallel with the Tliames, by
Abingdou-street, Palace-yard, and Pailiament-street, to
AVhitehall; is joined there by a sewer draining tho AV,
and passing between Belgravia and Chelsea; proceeds
from Whitehall so closely to the Thames as to have connex-
ion with the Thames embankment; goes on in contiguity
to the Thames to the vicinity of tlie Tower ; proceeds
tlience nearly in the line of the Blackwall railway; and
joins the high level sewer at Bow. The high level sewer,
en the S side, commences at the foot of the high ground
at Claphan;; nms N of Stockwell, Camberwell, and
Peckham, to New Cross; passes under part of Greenwich
and part of Greenwich park ; proceeds through the
marshes to Woolwich ; goes in a tunnel under' Wool-
wich; becomes an open canal through ths Plnmstead
marshes; and proceeds to the outfall at Crossness Point.
The low level sewer commences at Putney; drains
"Wandsworth, Battersea, Lambeth, and Southwark ;
crosses the Kent ro.id; drains Bermondsey and Deptford;
and joins the high level sewer at a point" in the liavens-
bournc valley between Deptford and Greenwich. Pro-
vision is made in the new main drainage system for
anticipated increase of sewage, up to 11,500,000 cubic
feet per .lay on the N side, and 6,750,000 cubic feet Jier
day on the S side, and also for a rain-fall of respectively
2cs,500,000, and 17,250,000 cubic feet per day.
Th", MuniciiiaUtii.—Jhii City has a .series of charters,
from tlie time of Kdward the Confessor till 23 George II.;
is divid'.d into 2o wards, with sulnlivision into pre-
cincts; and is governed by a lord mayor, 26 aldermen
inclii.sive of tlie lord mayor, 206 common coumuliurs,
two sherills, a recrder, and other oincers. The lord
m.iyor^ is elected annually on 29 Sept., and installed
o;i 0 Nov. ; is chosen from the aldermen who have been
.•-hirifrs; is, in virtue of his olli(<', conservator of tho
Tiianies, adiiiir.il of tlu port, chief liutler at a corona-
tion, lord lieutenant of the county, and a member of tho
piivy council; and has an income of iC.OOO, with resi-
dence at the Mansion House. The aldermen, since 1354,
have been electetl for lite; are chosen, one in each ward,
by freemen-householders paying an annual rent of £10;
and are justices of peace for the county. The .senior al-
derman represents the ward of Bridge-AV'ithout, and ia
popularly chilled the " Father of the City." A deputy is
appointed by each aldennan to represent him in his ward;
and the lord-mayor's deputy is baililf of Southwark.
Fourteen of the common councillors are deputies of tho
aldermen ; and the others are chosen annually on St.
Thomas'-d.ay, one by each precinct of each ward, excepting
the ward of Bridge-Without. Aldergate- Within ward has
4 precincts, and ret urns 4 councillors; Aldersgatc- Without,
4; Aldgate, 8; Bassishaw, 4; Billingsgate, 8; Bi.shops-
gate-Withiu-and-Without, 14; Bread-street, 8; Bridge-
Within, 8; Broad-street, 8; Castle-Baynard, 8; Cheap,
8; Codeman-street, 8; Cordwaincr, 6; Cripidcgate-
Within, 8; Cripplegate-Without, 8; Dowgate, 6; Far-
ingdon-Withiu, 14; Faringdon-Without, 16; Langhourn,
8; Lime-street, 4; Portsoken, 8; Qucenhithe, 6; Tower,
8; Viutry, 6; and AValbrook, 6. The two sheritis ara
chosen at midsummer, and installed at Michaelmas; act
conjointly for London and Middlesex ; have under them
two sub-sheriffs, a secondary, 16 sergeants, yeomen, and
other officers; and have each an income of il,000. The
recorder is chosen for life, and has an income of £3,000.
The common sergeant has £1,500; the town-clerk has
£2,800; and there are two chamberlains, a comptroller,
a city remembrancer, and a sword-bearer. The civic
offices are filled chielly by second-class citizens as to sta-
tion; and are usu.ally declined by the principal merchants
and bankers, who occasionally jny heavy fines to be ex-
empted from serving. The freemen comprise all the con-
stituents, and furnish all the candidates ; they include all
persons of full age, and not subject to any legal incapa-
city, who choose lo pay each £6 5s. 4d. ; and they
amount to upwards of 20,000. The liverymen are suck
freemen and members of the city guilds as enjoy certain
privileges additional to those of other freemen ; they for-
merly were onlj' such as possessed superior wealth., but
now m.ay be any of the members of the great majority of
the guilds; and they amount to about lu, 000. The City
guilds or comi)anie3 were originally 87 in number, but
are now 81 ; many are ver)* rich, but most have ceased
to exercise their old ]>rivileges; the twelve leading ones
are stj-led " Honourable," and called "the Twelve Great
Companies; " forty-one of the whole have halls, while
forty have none; and each is under the direction of a
master, a senior warden, a junior warden, and a court of
assistants, chosen by the members. The jirincipal halls
were noticed in our section on Public Buildings. The
('ity arms are the sword of St. Paul and the cross of St.
George. The City sends four members to parliament.
The number of electors in 1833, was 18,581, and included
9,527 with ancient-right qualifications; and the number,
in 18C8, was 17,534. The electoral statistics fur the
other six metropolitan boroughs are given in the articles
on these boroughs.
Statistics. — S'arious statistics have already been given
in the sections on subjects with which they are connected;
and some more will be given in the two sections winch
are to follow. Tlie statistics to be given here are on
matters of niainl}" independent kinds, more or less isolated
from other subjects; and they relate to police, to oll'ences,
to property, to population, to mortality, and to climate.
The metropolitan police force was established in ISii;',
by Sir Bobert Peel; it superseded ajirevioiis force of con-
stables and watchmen, consisting largely of feeble old
men, and quite incompetent for required duties; and it
docs not include tl;e City police. The bounds of its juris-
diction are indicated in our section on Topography; and
the courts lor it arc mentioned in our section on Public
Buildings. Three magistrates sit in the Bow-street
court, — two in each of the other courts; and all are ap-
pointed by the Home Secretary, anil must be barristers of
seven years' st.inding. Tlic fmce is distribut'-d into
divi:dons, designated severally l>y letters of the alph;ibet;
and each jiu! iceman is dressed in blue, and luis on his
coat-ccdiar the letter of his division with Jiis number.
LONDON.
188
LONDON.
The divisions, with their respective regions, are A-White-
hall; B-Westimnster; C-St. James; D-Marylebone; E-
Holborn; F • Covent - garden ; G-Finsbury; H-White-
chapel; K-Stepney; L-Laniheth; M-Southwark ; N-
Islingtoii; P-Cambenvell; R-Greenwich; S-Hainpstead ;
T-Kensington; V-Wandsworth; T.D-the river Thames.
The head station is in Scotland-yard, opposite the Horse
Guards; and subordinate stations are distributed through
all the divisions, in numbers proportionate to population
and area. The force, on 29 Sept., 1864, consisted of a
chief commissioner, 2 assistant-commissioner^, IS super-
intendents, ISO inspectors, 697 Serjeants, 5,772 con-
stables, and 12 detective officers; but it was raised, in the
following year, to 23 superintendents, 211 uispectors,
785 Serjeants, and 6,172 constables. The expenditure,
during the year ending 29 Sept., 1864, anounted to
£527,248; and included £369,351 for salaritrs and pay,
£33,442 for clothing and accoutrements, £59,096 for
superannuations and gratuities, £720 for allowances and
contingent expenses, and £45,362 for ti.ition-house
charges, printing, stationery, and some othrr matters.
The expenditure, in the following year, aiaounted to
£560,864; the receipts, in that year, amounted to
£662,244; and they included £73,030 oi balance,
£354,627 from the parishes, and £llS,20i' from the
public treasuiy. A portion of the force, for the suburbs,
is mounted; and the annual cost, in connexioa with this,
for horses, harness, forage, and other matters, amounts
to upwards of £S, S2S. Each policeman of the metro-
politan force has tlae marking of his coat-coHir in white;
and each policeman of the City force has the marking
iu yellow. The City force, on 29 Sept., ISO 4, consisted
of a commissioner, 2 superintendents, 14 inspectors, 66
Serjeants, 514 constables, 40 assistant constalles, and 12
detective officers ; and the expenditure on it, during the
year ending 29 Sept., 1S64, amounted to i.o0,801, and
included £40,013 iu salaries and pay, £1,532 for cloth-
ing and accoutrements, £2,69S for superannuations and
giatuitics, £77 for allowances and contingent expenses,
and £3,791 for station-house charges, printing, stationery,
and other matters. A third police is connected with the
royal dock -yards and arsenals; and this, en 29 Sept.,
1864, consisted of a head constable, 5 superintendents,
32 inspectors, 92 Serjeants, 587 constables, and 8 detec-
tive officers; and the expenditure on it, during the year
ending 29 Sept., 1864, amounted to £4S,240, and in-
cluded £42,448 iu salaries and pay, £3,800 for clothing
and accoutrements, £334 for superannuations and gra-
tuities, £638 for allowances and contingent expenses, and
£361 for station-house charges, printing, stationery, and
other matters.
Crime, in the metropolis, is far from being as rampant
as in former times; but, though very greatly diminished
in recklessness and gross violence, ixnd though materially
diminished also in numerical magnitude, is still enor-
mous. So large a proportion of the entire pop->iIation as 1
in 178 is believed to live by crime; and a very large frac-
tion of that proportion, in spite of constant a?tivitj' and
keen vigilance on the part of the police, esca; rs detection
or even suspicion. The number of crimes knjwn to have
been committed within the bounds of the metropolitan
police, during the year ending 29 Sept., 1S64, was 12,291;
the nuniber of persons apprehended was 5,0; S; the num-
ber of depredator^, ollenders, and suspected persons at
large, was 13,260; and the number of ho-JLjcs of bad
character was 2,362. The crimes known to have been
committed within the bounds of the Cit}- police, during
the same year, were 1,23S; the persons KT.prehended,
717; the depredators, ollenders; and suspe.tcd persons
at large, liiU; the houses of bad character, 57. The
crimes committed and the persons apprehended, within
the bounds of the royal dock-yards' police, during the
same year, were 5.
The real property of the City, as assessed for property
tax, and reported in 1S60, was £2,121,73S — of which
£143,915 were in railways and £23,507 in gis-works; of
AV'cst minster, £2,762,242, — of wliich £44,213 were in
railways, £37,525 iu canals, and £36,273 ::; gas-works;
of the Jims of Court, £102,269; of liloomsbur.-, i:299,5J0;
of Finsbury, £1,465,876,— of which £20,274 were iu
canals, and £10,722 in gas - works ; of. Holborn,
£5,402,029, — of which £3,330,619 were in railways, and
£96,44S in gas-works; of Kensington, £988,107,— of
which £4,650 were in gas-works; of Marvlebonc,
£1,197,996; of the Tower E division, £1,675,936,— of
which £479,849 were in railways, and £9,500 in gas-
works; of the Tower W division, £995,252, — of which
£2,3S4 were in railways, and £102,727 in gas-works; of
Brixton E first, £667,042,— of which £16,337 were in
canals, and £18,512 in gas-works; of Brixton E second,
£1,146,684, — of which £463,431 were iu railways, and
£25,000 in gas-works; of Brixton E third, £642,053,—
of which £1,900 were iu railways, and £32,619 in g.is-
works; of Brixton W, £375,390,— of which £1,707 were
iu gas-works ; of Southwavk, £1,317,041, — of which
£986,666 were in railways; of Blackheath, £697,841, —
of which £7,259 were in gas-works. — ^The property of the
entire registration-metropolis, as assessed in the several
parishes per county rate or like basis, in Jan., 1862,
was £12,514,053. The items of this, in the divisions of
the Metropolitan Board of "Works, were, — the City,
£1,300,156; Marylebone, £976,820; St. Pancras,
£800,640; Lambeth, £637,000; St. George-Hanover-
square, £943,696; Islington, £548,572; Shoreditch,
£265,772; Paddington, £526,420; Bethnal - Green,
£130,320; Newingtou, £240,000; Camberwell, £250,000;
St. James - Westminster, £431,500; Clerkeuwell,
£221,372; Chelsea, £234,243; ICensington, £319,924;
St. Luke, £171,564; St. George-the-Martyr, Southwark,
£146,000; Bermondsey, £150,000; St. George-in-the-
East, £170,274; St. Martin-in the-Fields, £258,708;
Mile-End-Old Town, £162,333; Woolwich, £S3,000 ;
Rothorhithe, £S3,500 ; Hampstead, £104,156; White-
chapel, Christchurch-Siiitalfields, St. Botolpli-without-
Aldgate, Holy Trinity-Minories, St. Katharine precinct,
Mile-End-New-Town, Norton -Folgate, Old Artillery
Ground, the Tower libertv, respectively £111,866,
£37,876, £50,920, £6,039, £17,32S, £13,132, £8,108,
£4,059, and £2,799; St. Margaret-Westminster and St.
John-the-Evangelist-Westminster, £274,500: St. Paul-
Deptford, St. Nicliolas-Deptford, and Groenwicli, re-
spectively £115,000, £20,000, and £125,300; Clapham,
Tooting-Graveuey, Streathara, Battersea, Wandsworth,
and Putney, respectively £107,000, £9,800, £56,800,
£83,800, £5S,000, and £46,000; Hackney and Stoke-
Newington, respectively £253,084 and £41,356; St.
Giles-in-the-Fields and St. George-Bloomsbury, jointly
£261,696; St. Andrew-Holborn-above-Bars, and St.
George-the-Martyr -Holborn, joiutlv £126,212; St.
Sepulchre, Glasshouse-yard liberty, and Sall'ron Hill, &c.,
respectively £16,324, £3,978, and £25,129; St. Aune-
Soho, St. Paul-Covent-garden, the Savoy precinct, St.
i\lary-le- Strand, St. Clement -Danes, and the Rolls
liberty, respectively £90,643, £42,472, £8,630, £19,-332,
£90,784, and £16,432; Hammersmith and Fulh.im,
£77,804 and £55,916; St. Anne-Liniehouse, St. Jolm-
Wapping, St. Paul-Shadwell, and Ratclitre hamlet, re-
.spcctively £67,027, £35.349, £30,936, and £44,740;
All Saints-Poplar, St. .Mary-Stratford- le- Bow, and St.
Leonard-Bromley, res])ectivcly £184,548, £30,744, and
£57,212; Christchurch and St. Saviour, £63,000 and
£101,000; Charlton-next-Woolwich, Plumstead, Elthaui,
Lee, and Kidhrooke, respectively £35,000, £28,430,
£14,900, £23,500, and £8,600; Lewisham and Penge,
£140,300 and £43,800; St. Olave, St. Thonuis-South-
wark, and St. John-Horeleydown, £47,000, £4,700, and
£48,000; tin." Charterhouse, Graj's-lnn, St. Peter's Close,
the Inner Temple, the Jliddle Temple, Lincolns-Inn,
Staplc-lnn, and Furnival's-Inn, re>iieetively £1,94S,
£12,676, £1,420, £20,230, £10,000, £16,420, £2,l.".2,and
£3,164. — The income of the City corporation, in 1S60,
was £366,229, andincludcd £5is34i; of balance, £100,877
of rents and quit-rents, £14,120 of market-rents, and
£90,533 of duties on coals, corn, &c. The expenditure,
in the same year, included £5,020 of charges on markets,
£8,970 on the metropolitan cattle market, £31,500 iu
aid of metropolitan improvements, £11,889 for the City
police, £18,836 on prisons, i27.441 on civil government.
LONDON-.
1^9
LONDON.
aiiJ £105,000 on rcmyineut of loans, and in other
chargps; and left a balance of £7S,807. The produce of
8d. coal duty, for iiiiproveinents in the metropolis, in
the same year, yielded in trust to the corfioration,
£146,521; that of id. duty, in lieu of metage and other
charges, £54,760; that of an additional Id. duty, £18,470;
that of the Bridge House estates, £38,718; and that of
the Finsbury prebeudal manor, Tvhich was held from the
dean and chapter of St. Paul's, and would revert to them
in about six years, £48,896. The gross estimated rental
of the City asse-sscd to poor-rates, in 1859, was
£1,193,412; and the net rateable value was £986,472.
The population of the metropolis, according to the best
estimates, was, in the middle of the 12th century, 40,000 ;
in 1562, 102,852; in 1604, 140,000 ; in 1625, 285,000; in
1664, 453,000; in 1632, 670,000; in 1701, 674,000.
The pop., according to Census, was, in 1801, 958,863;
in 1811, 1,133,815; in 1821, 1,378,947; in 1831,
1,654,994; in 1841, 1,948,417; in 1851, 2,362,236; in
1801, 2,803,989. The limits, for the pop. by Census,
are those fixed by the registrar-general for registration of
births, deaths, and marriages. The males, in 1861, were
1,307,731; the females, 1,496,208. The persons in
prisons, refonuatories, lunatic asylums, workhouses,
workhouse-schools, barracks, and residential charitable
insMtutions, were 64,999; of whom 36,924 were males,
and 23,075 were females. The persons on board vessels
were 8,034; of whom 5,324 were on board of British
vessels, and 2,760 were on board of foreign and colonial
vessels. The males under 5 years of age were 180,893;
thence under 10, 149,335; thence under 15, 130,799;
thence under 20, 119,9i9 ; thence under 25, 122,543;
thence under 30, 111,668 ; thence under 35, 102,755 ;
thence under 40, 88,366 ; thence under 45, 82,063 ;
thence under 50, 62,782; thence under 55, 51,497;
thence under 60, 34,935; thence under 65, 30,438;
thence under 70, 17,614; thence under 75, 12,241;
thence under 80, 6,133; thence under 85, 2,706;
thence under 90, 779; thence under 95, 183; thence
upward, 42. The females under 5 years of age
•were 181,403; thence under 10, 150,924; thence
under 15, 133,550; thence under 20, 139,200; thence
under 25, 154,841; thence under 30, 140,367; thence
under 35, 122,012; thence under 40, 102,151; thence
under 45, 93,832 ; thence under 50, 71,408 ; thence under
55, 61,231; thence under 60, 43,202; thence under 65,
40,873; thence under 70, 25,322; thence under 75,
lh,S62; thence under SO, 10,061; thence under 85,
4,821; thence under 90, 1,615; thence under 95, 412;
thence upward, 110. The inhabited houses in 1S61 were
359,421; the uninhabited, 15,774; and those in process
of erection at the taking of the census, 4,027. — The pop.
of the City was, in 1851, 127,309; in 1801, 112,063.
The males, in the latter year, were 63,991 ; the females,
53,072. The inhabited houses were 13,298; the unin-
habited, 2,058 ; and those in process of erection at the
taking of the census, 97. — The pop. within the bounds
of the metropolitan police, exclusive of the City, in 1S61,
was 3,110,654 ; and the inhabited houses were 431,231.
The pop. within these bounds, and inclusive of the City,
in ISGl, was 3,222,717; and the inhabited houses were
431,529.
The rate of mortality in the metropolis, in 1700, was
1 in 26; and it went on increasing till 1741, when it was
so high as 1 in 20. The births in 1741 were only 14,357,
while the deaths were 32,169; so that great decrease of
population could be ]irevented, or any increase nnde,
only by itdlux from the country. The births, from 1744
till 1800, were still sliort of the deaths, to the aggregate
of 267,000, or to the annua! average of 4,800; but from
ISOl till 1830, theyoxecedcd the de.alhs to the aggregate
of 102,975, or to the annual average of 3,600; and since
tliat time tliey have, upon the whole, had a steady pro-
portionate increase. Tiie excess of births over deaths, in
1851, was 22,812; in 1352, 26,612; in 1853, 22,135;
in 1851, 11,188; in 1855, 23,590; in 1856, 30,156; in
1S57, 30,474; in 1853, 24,019; in 1859, 31,049; in 1860,
31,105; in ISOl, 31,813; in 1S62, 30,470; in ISC",
31,059. The average annual mortality iu 1315, was 1
in 33; it fell thence till 1840, when it was only 1 in 44,
or considerably loss than the average in all England
and Wales, and very much less than the average in
most of the large cities on the Continent; and it has con-
tinued to be, not quite so low indeed, but on the whole
favourable. The rate per cent., in 1851, was 2 '338; in
1852, 2-261; in 1353, 2-441; in 1S54, 2943; in 1855,
2-431; in 1856, 2209; in 1857, 2241; in 1858, 2-39;
in 1859, 2-269; in 1860, 2249; in 1861, 2-318; in 1362,
2-356; iu 1863, 2-447. The material increase from 1856
till 1863, as it was somewhat steady, was jjrobably due,
in great degree, to some chronic cause, such as badness
of drainage or impurity of water. Previous decrease,
especially in the years of the present century till 1840,
manifestly arose from general sanit.arv improvement; and
a decrease from the average of 1863 was likely to result
from the great new works of street-cleaning, water-supply,
and drainage. The death-rate, in 1863, of the west dis-
tricts, was 2-324; of the south districts, 2-333; of the
north districts, 2-377; of the east districts, 2-648; oftho
central districts, 2-651. The death-rate, in 1863, of the
west districts, was 2-27; of the south and north dis-
tricts, 2 '29; of the east districts, 2-56; of the central
districts, 2-47. The standard rate of mortality in
a healthy population, under conditions free from noxious
iiLfluences, is assumed to be 1'7 per cent.; so that the
average rate of what may be termed unnatural death.s in
London, or deaths arising from noxious influences, may
be set down at somewhere about 0-6 per cent.; and this
rate, computing on the population census of 1861, gives
the aggregate result of 334 unnatural deaths a-woek, or
17,426 a-year. The deaths from zymotic diseases, in
1860, were 13,276; in 1S63, 20,672. The deaths from
small-pox, notwithstanding all the facilities for vaccina-
tion, in 1862, were 366; in 1863, 1,996. The deaths
from measles, in 1862, were 2,334; in 1363, 1,634. The
deaths from fever, iu 1S6-2, were 3,593; in 1863, 2,803.
The deaths from scarlatma, in 1853, were 4,184; in 1859,
3,481; in 1863, 4,955.
The climate of London is comparatively good. The
mean temperature is about 51° 9' ; the mean height of
the barometer, about 290 inches; the mean fall of rain,
about 23-5 inclies. A fall of the thermometer has been
known to 6° below zero, and a rise to 9 4° in the .shade;
but such occurrences are extremely rare. Dense fogs
sometimes occur, especially in November and December;
and occasionally make such obscurity, even at mid-day,
as to render necessary then the burning of gas in shops
and warehouses. South-west winds commonly blow
about 112 days in the year, chiefly between mid-summer
and mid-autumn; north-west winds occur mostly from
Noveiuber till March; and north-east winds in January,
lilarch, April, May, and June. North winds seldom
blow more than in 16 davs in the year. The mean tem-
perature, in 1349, was 50°; in 1350, 49-3; in 1851, 49-2;
in 1852, 50-6; iu 1353, 47-7; in 1854, 439; in 1855,
47-1; in 1356, 49; in 1357,51; in 1853, 49-2; in 1859,
50-7; in 1860, 47; in 1861, 49-4; in 1862, 49-5; in
1863, 50-3. The dr3-ne3^ of the atmosphere, in 1849,
wa.s6-6''; in 1850, 6-1; in 1851, 6-5; in 1852, 7-4; in
1853, 6-2; in 1854, 47; in 1355, 4-5; in 1350, 5-6; in
1357, 5-2; in 1853, 6-5: in 1859, 0; in 1360, 46; in
1861, 5; in 1862, 47; in 1363, 6. The fall of rain, in
1849, was 23-9 inches; in 1350, 19-7; in 1851, 21-6; in
1852, 34-2; in 1853, 29; in 1854, 13-7; in 1355, 21-1:
in 1356, 22-2; iu 1357, 21-4; in 1358, 17-8; iu 1359,
25-9; in 1860, 32; in 1361, 20-S; in 1S6-3, 26-2; in
1363, 19-8. The mi'an weekly amount of horizontal
mnvemeut of the air, in 1349, was 1,803 miles; in 1350,
1,841 ; in 1351, 1,730: in 1852, 1,731 ; in 1353, 1,597;
in 1854, 1,731 ; in 135.V, 1,659; in 1850, 1,775; in 1357,
1,502; in 1858, I.Ol'o: in 1359, 1,593; in 1860, l,67ii;
in 1861, 1,666; in 1 S6-2, 1,680; in 1363, 1,775. The
relation of mortality to meteorology in the weekly average
of 1S-J3, was aslbilows: — during the first (piarter, tlia
weekly average n>imb-.-r of deaths was 1,455, the mean
temperature of the air was 42-6', tlie uv.Tigo tlaily range
of temperature w.as 14-1% the dryness i>f the atuiosphere
wa.j 4 9°, the aveiagv f.dl of rain was -3 iuohes, and tlio
LONDON.
190
LONDON.
(reekly amount of horizontal movement of the air was
1,973 miles; during the second quarter, the weekly-
average number of deaths was 1,328, the mean temper-
ature of the air was 63'1°, the average daily range of
temperatm-e was 21 "S", the diyness of the atmosphere
was 7-l°, the average fall of rain was -13 inches, and the
weekly amount of horizontal movement of the air was
1,651 miles; during the third quarter, the weekly aver-
age number of deaths was 1,321, the mean temperature
of the air was 5S'S°, the average daily range of temper-
ature was 20 'D", the dryness of the atmosphere was 8'1°,
the average fall of rain was '45 inches, and the weekly
amount of horizontal movement of the air was 1,564
miles ; and during the fourth quarter, the weekly average
number of deaths was 1,349, the mean temperature of
the air was 46 '8°, the average daily range of temperature
was 11 '8% the dryness of the atmosphere was ZS", the
average fall of rain was -35 inches, and the weekly
amount of horizontal movement of the air was 1,922 miles.
Registration Districts. — The registration-metropolis is
divided into the six west districts of Kensington, Chel-
sea, St. George-Hanover-square, Westminster, St. ilar-
tin-in-the-Fields, and St. James- Westminster; the five
north districts of ilarjdebone, Hampstead, Pancras, Is-
lington, and Hackney ; the eight central districts of St.
Giles, Strand, Holborn, Clerkenwell, St. Luke, East
London, West London, and London City; the seven east
districts of Shoreditch, Bethnal-Green, Whitechapel, St.
George-in-the-East, Stepney, Mile-End-Old-To\vn, and
Poplar; and the eleven south districts of St. Saviour-
Southwark, St. Olave-Southwark, St. George-Sou thwark,
Bermondsey, Newingtou, Lambeth, Wandsworth, Cam-
berwell, Eotherhithe, Greenwich, and Lewisham. All
these districts, with their respective statistics, except
East London, West London, and London City, are
noticed severally in the articles bearing their own titles.
The amount from poor-rates in the entire registration-
metropolis, in 1863, was £1,431,516; and from receipts
in aid of poor-rates, £65,908. The expenditure, in the
same year, on the in-mainteuance of poor was £297,753;
on the out-relief of poor, £219,320; on the maintenance
of pauper lunatics, £103,318; on repayment of work-
house loan, with interest, £44,242; on salaries and ra-
tions of officers, £98,643; on other matters immediately
connected with relief of the poor, £104,921. ilarriages
in 1863, 29,963, —of which 3,424 were not according to
the rites of the Established church; births, 102,119, —
of which 4,434 were illegitimate; deaths, 71,060, — of
which 31,216 were at ages under 5 years, and 953 at
ages above 85. Marriages in the ten years 1851-00,
264,153; births, 864,563; deaths, 010,473.
East London district is divided into the sub-districts
of St. Botolph and Cripplegate. The St. Botolph sub-
district comprises 85 acres ; and contains the parishes of
St. Botolph-without-Aldgato and St. Butolph-without-
Bishopsgate. Pop. in 1851, 23,824; in 1861, 20,990.
Inhabited houses, 2,322. The Cripplegate sub-district
comprises 68 acres; and contains the parishes of St.
Giles-v.-ithoul- Cripplegate and St. Botolph-without-Ai-
dersgate, and the liberty of Glasshouso-yard. Pop. in
1851, 20,582 ; in 1861, 19,697. Houses, 2,167. Acres of
thedistrict, 153. Pop. in 1851, 44,406; in 1861, 40,687.
Houses, 4,489. Poor-rates in 1863, £24,146; receipts in
aid'of poor-rates, £1,972. Marriages in 1863, 565 ; birth?,
1,241,— of which 34 were illegitimate; deaths 914, — of
which 443 were at ages under 5 years, and 8 at ages
above 85. Marriages in the ten years 1851-60, 5,741 ;
birtlis, 14,588; deaths, 10,003.
West London district consists of tlie West London
poor-law union and the Inner Temple, — the latter ex-
empted from connexion with any poor-law union ; and it
is divided into the sub-districts of North and South.
The North sub-district comprises 47 acres ; and contains
the panshes of St. Bartholomew- the-Groat and St. Bar-
tholomew-the-Less, and part of the parish of St. Sepulchre-
without- Newgate. Pop. in 1851, 12,946; in 1861,
11,750. House-s 1,022. The South .sub district com-
prises 79 acres of land, and 12 of water; and contains
the parishes of St. Dunstau-iu-thc-West and St. Bride,
the part of St. Andrew-Holborn parish below the bars,
the precinct of Bridewell, and the extra-jiarocbial placea
of Barnards-Inn, Thavies-Inn, Inner-Temple, and Ser-
jeant's-lnn-I'Teet-street Pop. in 1551. 15,837; in 1861,
15,395. Houses, 1,558. Acres of the district, 133!
Pop. in 1851, 28,833; in 1861, 27,145. House.-, 2,580.
Poor-rates in 1863, £21,104; receipts in aid of poor-
rates, £580. Marriages in 1863, 490; births, 747,— of
which 47 were illegitimate; deaths, 1,308, — of which
344 were at ages under 5 years, and 17 at ages above 85.
ilarriages in the ten years 1851-60, 5,963; births, 7,948;
deaths, 12,588. The workhouse is in St. Sepulchre par-
ish; and, at the census of 1861, had 382 inmates. A
workhouse formerly stood in St. Bartholomew-the-Great
parish, but has been removed.
London City district is conterminate with the City of
London poor-law union ; comprises the whole of the City
within the walls, and Whitefriars precinct in the City
without the walls; and is divided into live sub-districts,
SW, NW, S, SE, and NE. The SW sub-district com-
prises 49 acres of land, and 18 of water ; and contains
the parishes of St. Anne-Blackfriars, St. Andrew-by-the-
Wardrobe, St. Benet-Pauls- Wharf, St. Peter-near-Pauls-
AV'harf, St. Nicholas-Cole- Abbey, St. Margaret-Moses, St.
Mary-Magdalcn-Old-Fish-street, St. Gregory -by-St. -Paul,
and St. Augustine- Watling-street, and the precinct of
Whitefriars. Pop. in 1851, 9,204; in 1861, 7,762.
Houses, 838. The NW sub-district comprises 72 acres;
and contains the parishes of St. Faith-the-Virgin, St.
Martiu-Ludgate, Christchurch-Newgate-street, St. Leon-
ard-Foster-lane, St. 51icliael-le-Quern, St. Vedast-Foster-
lane, St. Michael- Wood-street, St. ilary-Staining, St.
John-Zachary, St. Ann-and-St. AgTies-Aldeisgate, St.
Ola ve- Silver-street, St. Alban- Wood-street, St. Maiy-
Aldennanbury, St. Alphage-Sion-College, St. Michael-
Bassishaw, St. Lawrence-Jewry, St. .Mary-Magdalen-
MiBc-street, St. MartLn-Pomroy, St. Olave-Old-Jewry,
St. Mary-Colechurch, Allhallows-Honey-lane, and St.
Peter- Westcheap. Pop. in 1851, 11,847; in 1861,
9,020. Houses, 1,266. The S sub-di.trict comprises
85 acres of land, and 15 of water; and contains the par-
ishes of St. Matthew-Friday-street, St. Mary-le-Bow, St.
Pancras- Soper-lanc, St. Mary-Aldermary, St. Thomas-
the-Apostle, AlUiallows-Bread-street, St. John-the-Evan-
gelist, St. Mildrcd-Bread-street, St. Nicholas- Olave, St.
Mary - Somerset, St. Jlary - Mounthaw, St. !Michael-
Queenhithe, Holy Trinity-the-Less, St. Jamos-Garlick-
Hythe, St. JIichael-Paternoster-RovaI,St. Martm-Vintry,
St. Antholin, St. John-the-Baptiit-Walbrook, St. Ste-
phen-Walbrook, St. Benet-Sherehog, St. :Mildred-PouI-
tr)-, St. Mary-Woolnoth, St. Mary-Woolohurch-Haw,
St. Michael-Comhill, Allhallows-Lombard-street, St. Ed-
mund-the-King, St. Nicholas-Aeons, St. Swithiu-Lon-
don-Stone, St. Mary-Bothaw, Allhallows-tho-Great, All-
hallows-the-Less, St. Lawrence-Pountnev, and St. Mary-
Abchurch. Pop. in 1851, 11,401; in 1861, 8,570.
Houses, 1,263. The SE sub-distTiot comprises 84 acres
of land, and 19 of water; and contains tiic parishes of
St. Clemcut-Eastuheap, St. JIartin-Orgars, St. Jlicliael-
Crooked-lanc, St. ilargaret-New-Fish-street, St. Mag-
nus-the-Martyr, St. Botolph-Billingsgate, St. George-
Botolph-lane, St. Andrew-IIubbard, St. il.-iry-at-Hill,
St. Dunstan-in-the-East, Allhallows-Barking, St. Olavc-
Hart-street-with-St. Nicholas-in-the-Shambles, St. Ka-
tharine-Coleman, AUhallows-Staining, St. Gabriel-Fen-
church-street, St. Margaret-Pattens, St. Leonard- East-
cheap, St. Benet-Gracechurch-street, St. Dionis-Back-
church, and St. Peter-Cornliill. Pop. in 1S51, 10,591;
in 1361, 8,659. Houses, 1,344. The NE sub-distritt
comi. rises 92 acres; and contains tho parishes of St.
Martiu-Out\v-ich, St. Peter-le-Poer, St. Benct-Fink, St.
Bartholomew -by- the -Koyal-E.xchange, St. Jlargaret-
Lothbury, St. Christopher-le-Stock, St. Stephen-Cole-
man-street, Allhallows-London-wall, St. Ethelburga, St.
Helen- Bishopsgate, St. Andrew- Undershaft, St. Katlia-
rine-Cree, and St. James-Duke's-place. Pop. in 1S5],
12,826; in 1861, 11,514. Houses, 1,651. Acres of the
district, 434. Pop. in 1851, 55.932; in 1361, 4.">,5."5.
Houses, 6,362. Poor-rates iu 1863, £56,724; receipts
LONDON.
LONDON.
ia .lid of i).x)r-rato#. £4,704. JI;irriago3 in lSG-3, 654;
birtlu, &3-'. — of which 15 were ille^itiiiiate; dcith.s, 81U,
— of ivhi.H CIG were at agvs under 5 years, and 13 at
acis aboTe o5. MaiTi:u;fs in the ten years 1851-60,
a~7:9: llrzhs, 11,S21; de.itlui, 8.967.
T.'i I/. >.■:■(■;. — Thesi;euf London dates from thcfound-
ir.i; of die East .MLnster on the site of St. Paul's, by
Eri-?l:'irt, king of ivent, iu 604. It is supposed to have
h-rca, for a i'aort period, an archbishopric, witli jurisdic-
tija over all England except the northern parts. But it
srcc-.lily lecame a single diocese, conterniiuate with the
tvs- Sax:.a kingdom ; and it then, and long afterwards,
c;':r.i<riscd iliddlesex, Essex, and part of Herts. Its first
tiih'jp Wis Meli:u5, who had been abbot of a monastery
a; Eoaii- Its most notable subsequent bishops were
AViiii, w'.io Vjught the mitre, aud ranks as the earliest
English ilmcuiit; Erkenwald, who was canonised anil
mi-i-i the jjdtron saint of the see; William, who won the
gridtuJe jl the mayor and the citizens by obtaining for
llirui 'jhaners and public privileges ; lloger, who died
fro2i eating p>T!soned grapes; Foliot, who hurled defl-
£i:,ce at b-:>:h primato and pope ; Fitzwalter, who wrote
en tiie Esche'^uer ; Fitzneale, who was Lord-treasurer ;
il.z-tT BLi:k, '.vho opposed the tyrannical acts of the
kirlg; F\ilke Basset, who thought his helmet to be more
iec'jre than his mitre; De Weugham, Chichele, Baldock,
asd Waldon, who were lord-chancellors; De Bynteworth,
Erjvbrojke, and Clifford, who were lord-keepers; Sud-
\,zjy, who v.'as put to death by a mob ; Courtenay, who
v.'ii iord-c"r..incellor ; Bubv.-ith, who was lord-treasurer;
TczitaL whu won a repute for gentleness in trying
tiL-cj ; Stokejley and Bonner, who incurred the infamy
of bl ood-tairstiness ; Ridley, the noble martyr ; Aylmer,
\.'i.j inc jjTfd a famous threat by Queen Elizabeth ; Flet-
ciiir, wh:; w-as suspended by Elizabeth for marrying;
Tau^ha::, who celieved in e.^orcism; Laud, who after-
v.-iri5 figi-,;d so prouiiueutly as Archbishop; Juxon aud
slcllon, ■» ho also became archbishops; Henchman, who
aiifl :he rs.cape of Charles after the battle of Worcester;
Cozipton, who was more martial tlian ecclesiastical ;
Robinson, who wjs lord-privy-seal, and the last bishop
to Lold a oiTil olSce of state; Gibson, who was styled by
Lis opptii;nt3 '• the English pope ; " Sherlock, who was
styled by Pope "the pluiigiug prelate;" Lowth, wlio
TtfoS'-d ih? primacy; Porteus, who suppressed Sunday
eiiiiitaiLEcnts; and Howdey, who became archbishop.
&j2ie of ths most notable of the dignitaries were three
whv becac-.e cardinals; Fi-ancLs, wlio became andibishop
of Constinrinopie ; Ilodgkin and Young, who became
lijbi'ps of resj^-ctively Bedford and Callipolis; Colet,
wi.0 toundri St. Paul's school; Nowid, Uoune, Barwick,
W. Shericck, .Milman, Peter de Bloi.=, Ealph de Direto,
Polydore Vergil, Adam JIurimuth, John Harpstield,
Jjrria, V."aterland, Calf hill, Jos. AVarton, W. Beloe, L'.
Nir.-s, E. Tyrwhitt, W. Crowe, Paley, J. Davison, Syd-
i.-.y Smith, and I. Barham.
The cathedral eitablishment comprises the bishop, the
d-rin. four canons, a jirecentor, a chancellor, a treasurer,
f-»-j archiraoous, thirty prebendaries, a sub-dean, a divi-
nity iecrj.rir, and twelve minor canons. The income of
ihi bL?h;-r, is £10,000 ; of the dean, £2,000; of one of the
cai^oDS, i.o05; of each of the other three canons, £1,000.
'iLi bishvp ranks next lo ilie archbishop of York ; and is
pr.>v;iic;^l ..ieaa <■( Canterbury, and dean of the chapels-
lovil. Hn residences are London House, in St. James'
s-ioare, and Fulham Palace. — The diocese, in 1S61, com-
pr-ii-Ldr^i all til.- county of Middlesex ; the parishes of
Eir^ig, Great Ilf^rd, "Little Ilford, East Ham, \\Vst
II.ini, Lj-.t Lejnoa, Walthamstow, 'NVanstead, AVoodford,
iJL-i Ch:r;g.'"oril, in Essex; the parishes of Charlton, Lee,
Le-n-ishasj, Greenwich, Woolwich, Kltliam, Plumstcad,
D:ptford-.Su Nicholas, and part of Dejitford-St. Paul,
ii. Kent: and the parishes of Newington-St. Mary,
Bimes, Putney, ilortlake, Wimbledon, and part of
DcptforJ-St. Paul, in Surrey; and, upon the ne.vt avnid-
an;e of ths see of Wiu'diestcr, it would comprehend also
the parishes of Battersea, BermondMy, t^imberwcll,
Ciiriatciirrcu-Southwark, ClaphaMi, Lambeth, (orcccpt
l-e .j,;tt lo-ai Lambeth ^lalace), ilerlon, Itutherliithe,
Southwark, Iloisleydown, Ktroalliain, Tooting, and
Wandswurth. Acres in 1861, 246,125. Pop. in 1S61,
2,570,079. Houses, 334,571. The dior-exc is divide.!
into the archdi:aconiies of London and Middlesex. The
livings are noted here as they stood in 1864; but many
of that date have been raised iu status, and many more
have been formed; and all these, in our separate articles
on them, are noted as they now .stand.
The archdeaconry of London comprises the division of
London City, and the rural deaneries of Barking, Hack-
ney, Islington, St. Sepulchre, Spitalfields, aud Stepney.
The division of London City contains all the livings in
the City. The deanery of Barking contains the rectories
of Little Ilford and Wanstead ; the vicarages of Bark-
ing, East Ham, West Ham, Great Ilford, and Leyion;
the p. curacies of Stratford-St. John, Plaistow-St. M.uy,
Victoria Docks, West Ham-Emmauuel-chuich, West
Ham - Christchurch, Barking-Side, Aldborough • Hatch,
aud Leytonstoue; and the chapelry of St. Mary's Hos-
pital. The deanery of Hackney contains the rectories of
Chingford, Hackney-St. John, South Hackney, West
Hackney, Stoke-Newingtou, and Woodford; the vicar-
age of Walthamstow-St. Mary; the p. curacies of Beau-
voir-Town, Clapton, Stamford-Hill, Dalston, Homerton,
Stoke-Newington-St. Jlatthias, Walthamstow-St. James,
Walthamstow-St. John, Walthamstow-St. Peter, and
Woodford- Bridge; and the chapelry of Kam's Chapel.
The deanery of Islington contains the vicarage, the nu-
merous p. curacies, and the chapelries of Islington par-
ish. The deanery of St. Sepulchre contains the numer-
ous livings of Hoxton, Haggerstone, Clerkenwell, and
Peutonville; the livings of St. Sepulchro-Middlese.f, St.
Leonard- Shoreditch, St. Andrew-Holborn, Sc. AU^an-
Holborn, St. Peter-Sailron-hill, Trlnity-Gray's-lnndune,
St. Luke-Old-Street, St. Mark-Old-street, St. James-
Curtain-road, St. Barnabas-King-square, St. Paul-Bun-
hill-row, St. Matthew-City-road, St. Jlary-Charterhouse,
and St. Thomas-Charterhouse; the chapelries of Bcdfjrd-
row aud Ely-chapel; aud the chajjehies of Ask's, Jef-
forey's, aud St. Mark's hospitals. The deanery of Spital-
fields contains the numerous livings in Spitalfields,
Wliitechapel, and Bethnal-Green, and the ch.apelry of
London hospital. The deanery of Stepney contains the
livings in Stepne}', Bow, KatcliU'e, Liinehouse, Bromley-
St. Leonard, Pojdar, and St. George -in- the - Ea=t ;
those of St. Stepheu-Old-Furd, Chri^tchurch-lsle-jf-
Dogs, and St. ilatthew-Pell-street-Waiiping; aud the
chapeliics of Bancnd't's hospital, the Patciitfe Union,
and the City of Loudon Union. The following are also
under the jurisdi.ition of the Conimiss;iry of Londoii,
— the parishes of Acton, All Sahits-Bishopsgate, Bow-
St. ilary-Stratford, Bromley, Christchurch-Spitallields,
Ealing, Finchlc)', Hackney, Hammersmith, Limehouse,
l\Iile-End-New-Town, Northolt, Old Ford, Paddiugtou,
Llile-End-Old-Town, Poplar, liatclilfe, Shadwell, South
Hackney, Stepney, St. Barnabas-Ilomerton, St. Botolijh-
Bishopsgate, St. Gcorge-in-the-East, Wliitechapel, B'.th-
nal-Green, Wapping, and West Hackney; the chapelries
in these parishes, and the chapelries of St. James-Clapton,
St. Peter -De-Beauvoir- square, St. Philip -Dalston, and
St. Thomas-Stamford-hill.
The archdeaconry of ^liddlesex comprises the parishes
of Fulham and Kensington, and the deaneries of Barnes
and Hauimeismith, St. George-Bloonisbury, Chelsea,
Ealing, Eulield, Greenwich, St. George-Hanover-square,
HaTupton, Harrow, St. Martin-in-the-Fields, St. ilary-
lebone, Paddiugton, St. Pancraa, Staines, U.xbri.lge,
St. James- Westminster, St. John-Westminster, and St.
Marg.aret- Westminster. The parish of Fulham contains
a vicarage aud two p. curacies. The parish of Kensing-
ton contains the numerous livings in Kensington and
Bronnitoii. The. deanery of Barnes and llamniersinitli
contains tlie icctory of Barnes ; the vicarage of Hamiiier-
sinith; the p. curacies of Mortlake, Putney, i;oeluun[)-
tun, aud Wimbli'don; four p. curacies in Hammersmith
p.irish ; and the chapeliies "f East Sheen, St. Joim-
Putuey, Chrijtcluuch-Wimbh'dun, and Holy Trinity-
Wimbledon. The deanery nf St. George- Biooniabury
contains tho rectories of St. Geoige-Bloomsbury, JL.--
LONDON.
192 LONDON AND NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY.
George-the-Martyr, and St. Giles-in-the-Fieltls ; three
chapelries in Bloomsbury jiarish, and three ia that of
St. Giles-in-the-Fields. The deauerj' of Chelsea contains
the two rectories and the five p. curacies of Chelsea, the
p. curacy of Kensal-Green, and the chapelry of Park-
chapel. The deanery of Ealing contains the rectories of
Acton, Great Greenford, Little Greenford, and Han well;
the \'icarages of New Brentford, Chiswick, Ealing, Hes-
ton, Isleworth, and Northolt; the p. curacies of Turn-
ham-green, St. Slary Magdalene-Chiswick, Christchurch-
Ealing, Spring-grove, Hounslow, St. John-Isleworth,
Norwood, and Southall-green. The deanery of Enfield
contains the rectories of Finchley, Friern-Barnet, and
Honisey ; the vicarages of Edmonton, Enfield, South
Jlimnis, and Tottenham; the three p. curacies in Edmon-
ton parish, the four in Enfield parish, the eight in
Hampstead, the two in Highgate, the two in Homsey
parish, the two in South Mimms parish, the tliree in
Tottenham parish; thechapelryof Tottenham-St.SIichael;
and the donative of Hadley.' The deanery of Greenwich
contains the rectories of Charlton, Deptford-St. Paul,
Lee, and Woolwich; the vicarages of Deptford-St.
Nicholas, Eltham, Greenwich, Lewisham, and Plum-
stead; and the p. curacies and chapelries in the same
parishes as these livings. The deanery of St. George-
Hanover-square contains all the livings in St. G. -H.-sq.
parish. The deanery of Hampton contains the rec-
tories of Hanworth, Littleton, and Shepperton ; the vi-
carages of Feltham, Hampton, Sunbur}', and Twicken-
ham ; the p. curacies of Hampton-Wick, New Hampton,
Teddington, Whitton, and Trinity-Twickenham ; and
the chapelry of Montpelier chapel. The deanery of
Harrow contains the vicarages of Edg\s-are, Hendon,
Harrow, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, and Willesden ;
the p. curacies of Jlill - Hill, Childs - Hill, Harrow-
Weald, Roxeth, Wembly, Pinner, and Little Stanmore;
and the two chapelries of Kilburn. The deanery of St.
Martin-in-the- Fields contains the rectories of St. Mary-
le-Strand, St. Clement-Danes, St. Anne-Soho, and St.
Paul-Covent-garden; the vicarage of St. Jlartin-in-the-
Fields; the p. curacies of St. Michael-Burleigh-street, St.
John-Drary-lane, and St. Mary-Soho ; and the chapel-
ries of St. Matthew-Spring-gardens, St. Mark-Long-Acre,
and Savoy-Strand. The deanery of St. Marylebone, that
of Paddington, and that of St. Pancras, contain all the liv-
ings in respectively St. JIarylebone, Paddington, and St.
Pancras parishes. The deanery of Staines contains the
rectory of Cranford; the vicarages of Bedfont, Harmonds-
vorth. West Drayton, and Staines ; and the p. curacies
of Ashford, Laleham, and Stanwell. The deanery of
Uxbridge contains the rectories of Cowley, Hayes, Icken-
ham, and Harlington; the vicarages of Hillingdon and
Kuislip; the p. curacies of Norwood, Southall, Hilling-
don-St. Andrew, Uxbridge, U-vbridge-Moor, and North-
wood ; and the donative of Harcfield. The deanery of
Westminster-St. James, that of Westminster-St. John,
and that of Westminster-St. Margaret, contain the liv-
ings in respectively W. St. James, W.-St. John, and
W.-St. M. parishes.
LONDON, a hamlet in Old Cleeve parish, Somerset,
near Watchct.
LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY. See
London and Nor.TiiwE.sTERN Railway.
LONDON AND BLACKWALL RAILWAY, a rail-
way in Middlesex ; within the metropolis, from the Min-
orics to Blackwall. It was authorised in 1836; was
originally 2 miles, 3 chains, and 70 links long ; and cost
£2(36,000 per mile. The company were authorized, in
185.5, to widen it; in IStJO, to improve it variously, and
to construct a branch from it to the London docks; in
1SG2, to construct new works ; in 186i, to widen part of
the line, to enlarge several stations, and to improve other
works; and in 18tJ5, to construct linos, to the aggregate
length of 5| miles, in the parishes of Stepney, Poplar,
and Limehousc. The railway was leased, in IS^y, to
the Great Eastern, under a guarantee of 4.^ per cent, on
its ordinary stock; and running powers over certain por-
tions of it were given to the London and Northwestern,
the Great Northern, and the Midland.
LONDON AND GREENWICH RAILWAY. See
Gp.ek.vwicii Railway.
LONDON AND MIDLAND JUNCTION RAIL-
WAY.^ See Midland Railway, and the section "Rail-
way Works" in the article London.
LONDON AND NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY,
a railway .system from London to the northwestern coun-
ties. It is an amalgamation, effected in 18-4fi, of tlie
London and Birmingham, the Manchester and Birming-
ham, and the Grand Junction railways; it is also inter-
ested, by lease or subscription, in a number of other r.ail-
ways; and, in 1SG6, it had aproductive mOeage of 1,273.
The London and Birmingham railway was authorized in
1833, and opened in 1833; underwent extension, through
authority obtained in 1843, by purchase of the Warwick
and Leamington line, and by construction of the Peter-
borough branch; and, at the amalgamation in 1846,
had a capital of £3,250,000. The J^Ianchester and Bir-
mingham railway, from Manchester to Crewe, was au-
thorized in 1837, and opened in 1842; became interested
jointly with the London and Birmingham, in the Trent
Valley railwa)' ; had, at the amalgamation, a capital of
£2,800,000 ; and was subsequently united with the
Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester, authorized in 1845,
— the Huddersfield and Manchester, authorized in 1846,
with a branch to Oldham, opened in 1855, — the North-
ampton and Market-Harborough, authorized in 1853,
with a short branch from Hardingston, — the St. Albans,
7i miles long, authorized in 1853, and opened in 1858, —
and the Shrewsbury and Crewe, 33 miles long, authorized
in 1853, and opened in 1858. The Grand Junction
raUway has already been noticed in its o\vn alphabetical
place.
The snbsidiar}- works of the London and Northwestern
ralway, connected ■n-ith it by lease or sub.«criiition, are,
— the Binningham, Wolverhampton, and Stour Valley,
authorized in 1846 on a capital of £1,110,000, and leased
in 1847 in jierpetuity, at a rental of two-thirds of the
Northwestern's di^adends on a fixed capital of £700,350;
the Buckinghamshire railway, 41A miles long, authorized
in 1846 on a capital of £950,000, and le.ised to the North-
western at 4 per cent, and half-surplus profits on the
capital; the Bedford railway, ]5| miles long, authorized
in 1845 on a capital of £125,000, opened in Nov. 1846,
and leased to the Northwestern at 4 per cent, and half-
surplus profits on half the capital ; the Hampstead Junc-
tion railway, 6| miles long, authorized in 1853 on a capi-
tal of £250,000, and associated with the Northwestern
through subscription of £150,000 ; the Birmingham
canal, leased in 1846 to the Birmingham and Stour Val-
ley railway, and associated thence ^vith the Northwestern,
under a guamntee of £4 di'indend per share ; the Stock-
port, Disley, and Whaley-Bridge railway, authorized in
1855, and associated with the Northwestern through
subscription of £85,000; the Brixton Extension railway,
authorized in 1857, and associated with tlic Northwestern
through subscription of £105,000; the North Union rail-
way, an amalgamation of the Wigan and Preston and
the Bolton and Preston, 39 miles long, and conveyed in
1846 in perpetuity to jointly the Northwestern and the
Lancashire and Yorkshire, for a fixed annuity of £66,064;
the West London railway, 9^ miles long, authorized in
1836, and leased in 1845, for 909 years, to conjointly
the Northwestern and the Great Western, at an annual
rent of £1,800; the West London E.vtension railway,
authorized in 1859 and ISCl, opened in 1863, and asso-
ciated with the Northwestern through subscription of
£85,000; the Preston and Wyre railway, leased for one-
third of its interests to the Northwestern, for the other
two-thirds to the Lancashire and Yorkshire ; the Man-
chester, Brixton, JIatlock, and Jlidlands lailway, llj
miles long, authorized in 1846, united by purchase with
the Cromford canal, and leased in 1842 to jointly the
Northwestern and the Jlidl.ind, at 2.^ percent, per annum
on a capital of £421,300; the North and South Western
Junction railway, about 4 miles long, conuecting the
Northwestern and the Southwestern, authorized in 1851,
andheld jointly by the Northwestern and tlie Southwestern
on a tenme yielding a minimum of 3 jier cent, on paid-UD
\
LONDON AND NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY. 193 LONDON, BRIGHTON, kc. RAILWAY.
shire-capital; tlie Shropshire Untoiu-aihv!iy,auaiiialgam.i-
ti-."ia of the Newton aud Crewe, the Chester anil Wolver-
harapron, and the Shrewsbury and StalFord rdlways, ag-
CTv?;ri»te!y 154 miles long, together with the Ellesinere and
Ci.eiteranJtheShrew.shuryand Montgomery canals, leased
to zh'i Northwestern in 1347, on guarantee terms equal
to one-half of th-^ Northwestern's ordinary consolidated
ST'>:k, but subseijueutly associated with it on altered
ttniis ; the Chester and Holyhead railway, 85 miles long,
authorized in 1844, — iucluding afterwards the Mold rail-
way and the Bangor and Carnarvon railway, so as to be
a^.-regntely 105 miles long, — and, in 1S5S, leased araal-
gazi.;tingly with the Northwestern, at a price not exceed-
in:: £50 per £100 stock; the Lancaster and Carlisle rail-
way, already noticed in its own alphabetical place ; the
"VTirringtoa and Stockport railway, authorized in 1859,
aci leased to the Northwestern at 5 per cent, on pre-
ference capital, and i per cent, on ordinary stock ; aud
the London and Blackwall railway, associated with the
^Torthwestem through pa\-ment of interest on the cost
of a short branch froni the Northwestern's warehouses
in Haydon-square to the Blackwall line, together with
payiaeat of a fi-ted annual sum as toll.
Other works, numerous and various, have been ex-
ecuted, midertaken, or contemplated by the North-
■westem Co.-npan}'. Such are — the construction of
nearly 8 miles of railway on portions of the site of the
Shropshire canal, authorized in 1857 ; the formation of
a branch line and other works in connexion with the
Cre's-j and Shrewsbury railway, authorized in 185S ; the
cc'-astraction of a line, 4^ miles long, from the Edge-hill
station at Liverpool to the St. Helen's railway at Gar-
Eton, opened in liio; the construction of a line from
Asxcij. station to Sutton-Coldfield, opened in 1862; the
subs-iribing of £50,000 to the Oldham, Ashton, and
Gi::de-Bridge line, authorized in 1S59; the construction
of Lrw lines, 13 mOes long, from near Stockport to
Cheo-ile, and from Chelford to Knutsford, authorized in
15oi; the conatraction of lines, upwards of 15 miles
long, from Edge-hill to Bootle, from Winwick to Gol-
borne, and from Aston to Ditton, with enlargement of
stations in Liverpool, and with a branch to Runcorn and
a, b.^idge across the Mersey, opened in 18(53; the con-
struction of aline, 13 miles long, from Eccles througli
Tyldesley a;;d Yi'igan, with branches to Bedford and
Leigh, opened in 1^64; the construction of new liut-s,
upwar'ls of a mile long, at Burton-on-Trcnt, authorized
in 1?'j1; the purchasing or leasing of St. George's Har-
bour, authorized in ISfil ; the construction of several
STn?.I! branches to the West Cheshire line, aggregately
1"^ miles long, authorized in 1863; the construction of
r.ew lines in Yorkslurc, 4^ miles long, authorized in
lii-j-. the forming of contracts for improved postal aud
rass-i-nger service between Holyhead and Ireland, au-
tho.nzed in 1S55 and 1864; the constructing of short
lin-»3 and junctions aggregately 1'2| miles long, and the
incorporating of the Bedford and Cambridge, authorized
in i5o5: the construction of several short lines in Wales,
agiTcgately 23^ miles long, authorized in 1865; an as-
sumption of a current lease of the South Staffordshire
line, elTected in 1865; the erection, jointly with the
Northeastern, of a new central stition at Leeds, author-
ued in 1S05 ; the construction of new lines in Cheshire,
Salop, SUtford, Flint, aud W. R. Yorkshire, contem-
plated in bills lodged for the session of 1866; and mea-
sur>S5, some entirely on its own account, others jointly
with the ilidlaud, others jointly with the Lancashire
and Yorkshire, for the construction of u line from the
St'yjkport and Whahy-Briilg.; to Shctlield, for the mak-
ing of n^w streets in Shiiliield, for the construction of a
line from Huddcrsfifld to Halifa.K, with a branch to
EUar.d, for the pur.dia.^e of the Ashby and Nuneaton
linrs, for acquiriiig powers over the lines at Burtou-on-
Trent, and for purclnLung the Fleetwood, I'rcston, and
W«t Ri'ling Juu'tion line, contemplated in notices for
the S'ission of li-ij. Tlie Northwestern has al.so aiiial-
g-imated the Conway and Ll.'uirwst; li;;Lsi'd the Mcrthyr,
'rrtdegar, and .Vbergivcuuv, tin; Llandudno, tlie Knighton,
thfc ShreWibu:y and Hereford, and tlie Si. Ileluuj; made
II.
agreements with the Birkenhead, the Great Northern,
the Great Western, the North Stalfordshire, the Wolver-
hampton and Wab^all, and the Northwestern and Char-
ing-cross; aud contemplated, for the session of 1S66,
agreements with the Whitehaven Junction and the
Cockermouth and Workington. Tlie capital accounts
of the company, at 30 .June 1S65, showed, — on stock and
shares, £28,605,436; on debentures, £10,134,678; de-
benture stock at 3i per cent., £310,830 ; debenture stock
at 4 percent., £^952,279; total receipts, £41,003,224;
e.xipenditure, £39,679,980.
LONDON AND SOUTHAMPTON RAILWAY. See
nest article.
LONDON AND SOUTHWESTERN RAILAYAY, a
railway system from London to the southwestern coim-
ties. It was authorized, in 1834, as a line from London
to Southampton, under the name of the London aud
Southampton railway; it renounced that name, and took
its present one, in 1839 ; it commences near Waterloo
bridge, proceeds southwestward to Basingstoke, then
goes in a southerly direction to Southampton; it was ex-
tended, by the incorporation of the Southampton and
Dorchester, along the coast to Dorchester; it also has
branches to Hampton-Court, Chertsey, Guildford, Farn-
ham, and Alton,— and, by Andover, to Salisbury, Exeter,
and Exmouth, — also from Bishopstoke to Romsey anil
Salisbury, and to Gosport; it is connected by a short
branch from Fareham, with the London, Brighton, and
South Coast; it has an interest, jointly with the London,
Brighton, and South Coast, in the portion from the junc-
tion of the two lines at Cosham into Portsmouth; and, by
the incorporation of the Windsor, Staiues, and Southwest-
ern, it possesses a branch through Richmond to Windsor,
with a loop at Barnes, crossing the Thames to Kew,
Brentford, and the main line beyond Hounslow. Its
aggregate productive extent, in 1866, was 493^ miles.
The company was authorized, in 1858, to lease the Salis-
bury and Yeovil; in 1356, to construct a line of 50 miles
from Yeovil to Exeter; in 1859, to arrange with the
Brighton and South Coast res])eoting the through traffic
between London and Portsmouth, and to form a branch
in the neighbourhood of Kingston; in 1860, to extend
the Exeter line, to connect that line with the Bristol aud
Exeter, to lease the Exeter and Crediton, the North
Devon, and the Bideford, and to wield permanent
powers for working steam-vessels between English and
French ports and the Channel islands; in 1862, to lease
or purchase the Vrimbledon and Dorking; in 1S64, to
construct a line, CJ miles long, from Chertsey to the
Staines and Wokingham, — and a line, 6] miles long,
from tlie Hammersmith and City, and the North and
Southwestern Junction at Kensington to Richmond; aud,
in 1865, to amalgamate the Salisbury and Yeovil and the
Exeter and E.xmouth, — -the Salisbury and Yeovil and the
Thames Valley, — and to construct new lines of 6\ miles
in Surrey, a line of 5i miles from Bideford to Great
Torrington, and a line of 9 miles from Pirbright, by
Aldershot, to Farnham. The Southwestern system also,
by amalgamation, purchase, lease, or agreement, com-
prehends, in its working, the Wimbledon and Croydon,
the Wimbledon and Epsom, the Sali.sbury market-branch
line, the Stokes Bay, the Staines and Wokingham, the
Exeter and Crediton, the Lymington, the Epsom and
Leatherhead, the Wimbledon and Dorking, the Ports-
mouth, the Atidover and Redbridgc;, the Peterslield, the
Chard, the Southampton and Netley, the Ilfracombe,
and the Mid-Hants, and, jointly with the London,
Brighton, and South Coast, the Tooting, Merton, atuL
Wimbledon. The total receipts, on the capital account,
at 30 June 1S6.5, were £14,583,765.
LONDON AND YORK RAILWAY. See Gukat
NuUTHfniN R.\.IL\V.\Y.
LONDON, BRIGHTON, AND SOUTH CO.\ST
RAILWAY, a railway system from London southward
to liriglitun, and to places east and west of the main
line, aud along the coast. It was oriniually aji amalga-
mation, in 1846, of tlie Croydon and the Biiglilon; it
now includes also, by amalgamation or otherwise, tii'.v
Baustcad and F.[)som -Downs, the Bogiior, tlie Ucklieh't
LONDOjS", CIIATUAM, and DOVER RAILWAY. 194
LONDONTHORrE.
and Tunbridge-Wells, the Ilorslxam and Gundwn.l Direct,
the Mid-Sussex and Midhurst Junction, the West End
of London and Crystal Palace, the iliJSussex, the
Lewes and Uckfield, the East Grinistead, the Sr. Leonards,
and the Surrey and Sussex Junction; and i: has a joint
interest in the West London Extension, the Tooting,
Merton, Wimbledon, and the Victoria Sation. _ The
company was authorized, in 1858, to construct a line of
17| miles between Shoreham and Henfield, opened iu
ISGl; in 1S60, to make some alterations in its coast lines,
and in the West End and Crystal Palace line, and to
construct a line of fully 5 miles from Croydon to Balham-
Hill; in 1862, to construct lines of 5.^ miles in Surrey
and Sussex, including a junction at Brixton with the
Chatham and Dover, to enlarge the stations at London
bridge and Bricklayers' Arms, and to own and work
steam- vessels; in 1863, to construct a line of 5 miles
from Dorking to Leatherhead, lines of 4^ miles in Cam-
berwell and Lambeth, a new line of 2^ miles at Croydon,
and lines of 145 miles in connexion with tlie South Lou-
don and other Unes; and in 1864, to run ste-im-vessels to
France and the Channel islands, and to construct lines
of 20 miles from the Ouse viaduct to Uckfield and Hails-
ham, lines of 15| mUes between Tunbridge-WeUs and
Eastbourne, lines of 4| miles in and near Battersea,
several short lines of aggregately 7i miles in Surrey and
Sussex, and a short line and a station at Keraptown. The
receipts on capital account, at 30 June 3 S65, amounted
to £13,874,164.
LONDON, CHATHAM, AND DOVER RAILWAY,
a railway system from London cast-south-eastward through
Kent. It was originally called the East Kent; and it
changed that name for its present one in l;o9. It was
authorized iu 1853, as a line from Strood to Canterbur}-,
continuous with the North Kent fork of the Southeastern,
with short branches to Favershara Quays and ChiLham,
and with a total length of 314 miles; it was opened from
Strood to Faversliam in 1858, — to Canterbur}' in 15G0;
and, with subsequent extensions, it had a total mileage of
83 in 1866. The company was authorized, iu 1S55, to
construct an extension of 16^ miles to Dover, with
branches to Admiralty pier and Dover harbour; in 1S58,
to construct a line from Strood to St. ilar^'-Cray; in
1860, to constnict a line of fully 4 miles from a junction
at Beckenham with the Farnborough ext-rusiou of the
West End and Crystal Palace to Herne-HLll, with two
junctions into the Brighton and South Coast at Penge, —
a line of 4 miles and 32 chains from the preceding at
Herne-Hill, across the Thames at Blackfriars, to the
eastward side of Faringdon-street, with two junctions
into the Metropolitan respectively near Victoria-street
and at Smithfield, — and a line of 2 mile; and 65 chains
from Herne-Hill into connexion witli the Victoria Sta-
tion and Pimlico at Battersea, with a short junction into
the Southwestern at Battersea, and another short junc-
tion into the two preceding lines at Lambeth; in 1801,
to lease the Kent Coast railway, and to c instruct an ex-
tension of 9.^ miles to Walmer and DciI; in 1S62, to
lease the Mid-Kent line from Bromley to St. Mary-Cray,
and to con.struct a junction of 1^ mile in the neighbour-
hood of Battersea; in 1S63, to complite arrangements
with the l!righton and Great Western r-vsnecting occu-
pancy of the Victoria station; and in lSo3-6, to make
e.xtensions or enlargements of various works, or to con-
stnict new ones, in various places. The financial affairs
of the company sutTercd a collapse in l;'j5; and extra-
ordinary powers were obtained in Aug. 1867, to make
arrangements with creditors and debentiire -holder?, and
to raise additional capital.
LONDON-COLNEY. See Colxey-St. Peter.
LOXDON (Ea.st)_ RAILWAY, a railway 8V miles in
length, authorized in 1865, to connect, throttgh the
Thames tunnel, the railways on the N ai;d S sides of the
Thames. Sec the section "Railway Works" in the
article Londom.
LONDON, inOHG.VTr;, .4.ND EDGWARE RAIL-
WAY, a railway in Jliddlesex, from ihe northern
suburbs of London north-westward to EdgAvare. The
company w:is incorporated iu 1SC2, to constrjct a line
from the Great Northern, through Highgate, Finchley,
and Hendon, to Edgware; was authorized, in 1804, to
form a branch of 1| mile to Alexandra park; ami was
authorized, in 1865, to construct a connecting line of 1 J
mile with the Tottenham and Harapstead Junction.
The Great Northern subscribed in each of the years; and
was authorized, in the last of them, to lease or purchase
the undertaking.
LONDON (Little), a hamlet in Brill parish, Bucks;
5} miles NW cf Thame. It has an Independent chajjcl.
"LONDON (Little), a hamlet in Finchingtield parish,
Essex; 2 miles N of Finchingfield village.
LONDON (Little), a hamlet in Berden parish, Essex;
6.^ miles NW of Bishop-Stortford.
LONDON (Little), a hamlet iu Andover parish,
Hants; 3^ miles N of Andover. Pop., 105.
LONDON (Little), a hamlet on the N border of
Hants; 4^ miles N of Basingstoke.
LONDON (Little), a hamlet iu North Meols town-
ship and parish, Lancashire; 6J miles NW of Ormskirk.
LONDON (Little), a hamlet in Stallingborough
parish, Lincoln; near the Humber, 5,^ mUes WNW of
Grimsby.
LONDON (Little), a hamlet in Spalding parish,
Lincoln; 1 mile S of Spalding.
LONDON (Little), a hamlet in Long Sutton parish,
Lincoln; adjacent to Long Sutton town.
LONDON (Little), a hamlet in Hayes parish,
Middlesex; 1 mile W of Hayes village.
LONDON (Little), a hamlet 5^ miles ESE of Guild-
ford, in Surrey.
LONDON (Little), a hamlet in Hcytcsbury parish,
Wilts; near Heytesbury.
LONDON (Little),' Yorkshire. See Leeds.
LONDON (Nouth) RAILWAY, a railway system in
the northern, eastern, and central parts of the metro-
polis. The company was incorporated in 1846, for
making a railway from tlie Northwestern goods-station,
at Camden-Town, to the West India docks, at Black-
wall; and was authorized, in 1S50, to make a branch to
the Blackwall Extension, near Bow, — in 1S54, to con-
struct a station or depot, and sidings, near the new me-
tropolitan cattle-market, — in 1S60 and 1S61, to widen
and improve portions of their railway, — in 1861, to con-
struct a line of 2 miles from Kingsland station to Liver-
pool-street in the City, and to erect there a station,- — and,
in 1864 and 1805, to construct additional works and
effect other improvements. The total mUeagc is lOi.
The amount authorized on capital account, at 30 June
1865, was £3,165,866; and the amount received was
£2,583,201.
LONDON (North), HIGHGATE AND ALEX-
ANDRA P.ARK RAILWAY, a small railway system,
aggregately 4.^ miles long, in the northern suburbs of
the metropolis; from the North London line at Islington
to Alexandra Park, and to the London, Highgate, and
Edgware line at Hornsey. It was authorized in 1S65,
on a capital of £260,00n"iu shares, and £30,400 on loan;
but was in abej-ance at the beginiiiiii: of 1868.
LONDON (South) AND ClfVSTAL PALACE
JUNCTION RAILWAY, a railway in the southern out-
skirts of the metropolis; from the metropolitan extension
of the London, Chatham, and Dover, to the Crystal
Palace at Sydenham, with a connecting line into the
Greenwich branch of the Chatham and Dover. The
main line is 6.J miles long; was authorized iu 1862, on a
capital of £075,000 in shares and £225,000 on loan; ami
was opened in -\ug., 1805. The connecting line is 1.^
mile long, and was ar.thorizcd in 1S64.
LONDONTHORPE, a village and a parish in Gran-
tham district, Lincoln. The village stands near Krminc-
street, 3 miles NE of Grantham r. .-itatinn; and contains
a number of neat small houses in tha Gothic style. The
jiarish comprises 1,520 acres; and its post-town is Gran-
th.-im. Real property, £2,614. Pop., 228. Houses,
46. The property is divided among a few. The manor
and much of the land belong to Mirl Brownlow. The
living is a p. cvira'^y, annexed to the vicarage of Ma'i-
thorpe, in the diocese of Lincoln. The church fjonsL-iU
LONDON, TILBURY, etc. RAILWAY.
195
LOXGDON.
of nave, S aisle, and chaiiool, with porch and tower; and
L) a neat stouti edilioc. Tiicre is a We.sleyan chapel.
LONDON, TILBURY, AND SOUTIIHND RAIL-
WAY, a railway from the cistern part of the metropolis
eastward, aUiiii; tlie S border of Essex, to SoutheniL It
dodects from the Blackwall line at btepney; passes on
to the Great K;xsteru at Bow station; is identical with
that lino nearly as f.ir as to Ilford ; goes on to the east of
J'lirtleet; piUses thiouj;h Grays; and proceeds to West
Tilbury and Tilbury Fort, and thence to Southend. The
company wms originally, in 18.52, an incorporation of
acquiescing shareholders on the Blackwall and the
Eastoru Counties; wa.s authorized, in 185C, to form a
junction between the Blackwall and the North London,
and two branches to the North Woolwich line of the
Eastern Counties; and was incorporated, in 1862, into a
distinct company, under the condition that the Black-
wall and the Great Eiu-rteru should each nominate one-
third of the board.
LONDON (West), RAILWAY, a railway, in con-
junction with the Kensington canal, in the western
suburbs of the metropolis. It was authorized in 1836,
under the title of the Birmingham, Bristol, and Thames
Junction, to unite the Northwestern and the Great
Western railways with the western parts of the metro-
polis, and to communicate with the river Thames through
the medium of the Kensington canal purchased for
£36,000; it changed its original title for the subsequent
one in 1841 ; it w-as to have a total length of 9^- miles, —
upwards of throe of which, from the Northwestern near
Kensal-Green cemetery to the Kensington canal, were
opened in 1844; it was leased in 1345, for 999 years, at
an annual rent of £1,800, to joiiitl}' the Northwestern
and tho Great Western; and it was transferred, together
with the canal, in 1859, to the West London Railway
Extension Works.
LONDON (West) RAILWAY EXTENSION WORKS,
a. series of works in the western suburbs of the metro-
polis; based on the purchase and absorption of t!ie West
London railway. It was authorized in 1859, and com-
pleted in 186-3; and it belongs, in common to the North-
western, the Great Western, the Southwestern, and the
Brighton and South Coast companies. It comprises, a
main-line railway, fully 4 miles long, from a junction
wth tho West London at Kensington, across the Thames
on a sbc-arched bridge, to a junction with the Vii-toria
Station and Pimlico line at Battersea ; two branche-;,
respectively 63 and 35 chains long, connecting the main
line with the West End of London and Crystal Palace
near the Clapham station, and with the Southwestern
near the junction of its Richmond branch with its main
line; a branch from Battersea to the Southwestern; a
branch, 27 chains long, from tho main lino near the
b-isin of the Imperial Givs company to the Thames near
the mouth of the Kensington canal; a dock in the parish
of Fulham; and a division of part of the Kensington
canal, with discontinuance of the part N of King's-ruad,
Clic'lsca. A station for it at West Bromptonwas opened
in 0.;t. 18G6.
LONDON, WORCESTER, AND SOUTH WALES
RAILWAY, a railway in Worcestershire and Warwick-
shir.-; from tlie Groat Western at Worcester, eastward,
to the East and West .lunction at Old Stratford. It was
authorizetl in 1865, on a capital of £320,000 in shares,
and £106,000 on loan; and it is 23^- miles long.
LONG-ACRE, a sub-district in St. Jlartin-in-the-
fields district, Westminster. It forms part of the me-
tropolis; and comprises Nnw-stroet ward, Bedfordbury
ward, Long-Acre ward, Drury lane ward, and a detached
part of St. Martin's parish, including the burial-grouml
and ahns-houses in Rratt-street, Camden-Town. Acres,
42. I'op., 11,618. IIou-L-s, 992. See London.
T,0NG-A(;RE, a hamlet in the Not Durliam; 4,i miles
.Sof fi.iteshead.
LONGAFORD TOR. .S-e CitnciCEnv Tdi:.
LONG ASIITOX, Otc. See (Asiiro.v Lose, c^ic.)
LONGBOROUGII, a parish, with a vill,>g.., iu Stow-
on-tlie-Wold distri't, Glo!ici:ster; on the lossi^ way, .3
nul's S\V of Moretori r. station, i'ost-town, JIorcLon-
in-the-Mai-ih. Acres, 2,770. Real property, .£4,243.
I'op., Goii. IIousjs, 152. The manor belongs to Lord
Leigh; and most of tho land, to Lord Leigh, E. T. God-
man, Esq., and Sir C. R. Rushout, Bart. Banks Fee ia
the scat of E. T. Go.lman, Esq. A Roman settlement
was at or near tlie village. The living is a vicarage,
united with the rectory of Seasoncote, iu the diocese ot
Gloucester ajid Bristol. Value, £221.* Patrons, Lord
Leigh and Sir C. R. Rushout, Bart. The church is Nor-
man; and comprises transept, aisle, and chancel, with a.
pinnacled tower. There are an Independent chapel, and
charities £5.
LONG BREDY. See Bredy (Loxo).
LONGBRIDGE, a hunilred in the rape of Pevensey,
Sussex; containing Arlington parish, and four other
parishes. Acres, 10,440. Pop. in 1851, 1,353. Houses,
256.
LONGBRIDGE-DEVERILL. See Deverill-Loxq-
BRIDGE.
LONG BUCKBY. See Buckby (Long).
LONGBURGH, a township in Burgh-by-Sands parish,
Cumberland; on the Carlisle and Silloth railway, 6 miles
WN W of Carlisle. It contains the hamlets of Dykesfield
and Shield. Real property, £1,403. Pop., 146. Houses,
28.
LONGBURTON, a parish, with a village, in Sher-
borne district, Dorset; 2.^ miles S by E of Sherborne r.
station. Post-town, Sherborne. Acres, 1,025. Real
property, £2,110. Pop., 336. Houses, 82. The manor
belongs to J. S. Drax, Esq. Limestone for building Ls
quarried; and the making of gloves is earned on. The
living is a vicarage, united \vith the vicarage of Holnest,
in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £275.* Patron, C.
Cosens, Esq. The church contains monuments of the
Fitzjames family. Tliere are chapels for Wesleyans and
Primitive Methodists, and a national school.
LONG CLAWSON, &c. See Cl,uvson (Long), &c.
LONGCOTT, a township and a chapelry in Shri venham
parish, Berks. The township lies in the White Hoise
vale, and on the AVilts and Berks canal, 1.^ mile WNW
of Challow r. station, and 3 NE by E of Shrivcn-
ham; and has a post-office designated Longcott, Berk-
shire. Real property, £3,428. Pop., 446. Houses,
108. The manor and most of the land belong to Vis-
count Barrington. The chapelry includes also the town-
ship of Fcrnham. Real property, £5,544. Pop., 692.
Houses, 159. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Oxford. Value, £300.* Patron, tlie Lord Chancellor.
The church is chiefly ancient; includes a modern aisle;
and has an embattled tower of 1722. There is also ;i
church at Fernham; and there are a Wesleyan chapel, a
charitv school, and an infant school.
LONG CRENDON, &c. See Crendon (Long), &c.
LONGCROSS, a chapelry, with a small village, in
Chertsey parish, Surrey; in the middle of the heaths, 3_V
miles W of Chertsey town and r. station. It was con-
stituted in 1847; and its post-to^vn is Chertsey. Pop.,
133. Houses, 27. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of Winchester. Value, not reported. Patron,
W. Tringhara, Esq.
lyONGDALE-EN'D, a township in Wykeham parish,
N. R. Yorkshire; 11 miles E of Pickering.
LONGDEN, a chapelry in Pontesbury parish, Salop; 3
miles WSW of Condijvcr r. station, and" 5 SW of Shrews-
bury. Post-town, Shrewsbury-. Pop., 88. There are
m.dt kilns and lead mines. The living is a donative in
the diocese of HcrefonL Value, £75. Patron, tho I!ov.
J. Breesc. The chiuvh is of brick.
LONG DITTON. See Ditton (Long).
LONGDON, a parish in Lichfield district, St.ilVord;
1] mile S of Aiinit.!.,-c r. station, IJ W of tlie Crand
Trunk can.il, and 4 NNW of Lichfield. It contains the
village of Bruokciid, wliich is central, the village of Up-
per Longdon, and the straggling hanilnt of Ocnth'shaw, —
.nggrogatcly so lung that an old rhyme says that a beggar
c.-.nnot bf-g through tliom on a .summer day; and it h.asa
jio.st-ofiice unih^r l;u:."-!ev. Acres, 4,511. Keal propcrtv,
£9,085. Poj^. in iNol, '1,148; in 1861, 1,220. Ilou^.'S.
2S9. The propi-rty is not much divided. The manor
LONGDON.
19G
LONGHAM.
belongs to the Jlarquis of Anglesey. Beaudesert PaiK;
is the Marquis's seat; Lysways is the vesulenceof Mrs.
Fovster; and Ilanch Hall is the property of C. iorster,
Esq. The living is a vicarage in tht; diocese of Liclihold.
Value, £230.* Patron, the Bishop of Lichheld. Ihe
church has a Norman arch; is in good condition; and
contains an altar-tomb of J. Forster, Esq., who died in
1800, and other interesting monuments. A tract, wtiicli
contained 311 inhabitants in 1361, is included in the
chapelry of Gentleshaw, constituted in 1S40. There are
an Independent chapel at Longdon-Green, a \^ esleyan
chapel at Upper Lougdon, a national school, alms-houses
for ten poor women, and other charities £100.
LONGDON, a village and a parish in Upton-nn-Se-
vern district, Worcester. The village stands 2 miles W
of the Severn, 2i SSW of Upton r. station, and 4 N^^
of Tewke.sbury; and has a post-office under Tewkesbury.
The parish contains also the hamlets of Hillworth, Hill-
end, Eastington, Long Green, and Ham Common.
Acres, 3,903. Koal property, £6,413. Pop., 626.
Houses, 131. The projjerty is subdivided. The manor
belongs to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. Cham-
ber's Court is the seat of E. G. Stone, Esq. The living
is a vicarage, united vvith the vicarage of Castle -Mor-
ton, in the diocese of Worcester. Value, £550.* Pa-
trons, the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. The
church is a brick structure, in mixed style, and in good
condition; and has a stone tower and spire. There are
a national school with £30 from endo^\^nent, and other
charities £50.
LONGDON, a hamlet in Trediugton paiish, Worces-
ter; 2 miles N of Shipston-on-Stour.
LONGDOX-UPON-TERN, a parish in Wellington
district, Salop; on the river Tern and the Shrewsbury
canal, 3.^ miles N by W of Wellington r. station. Post-
town, Wellington, Salop. Acres, 796. Real property,
£1,659; of which £13 are in the camd, and £3 in quar-
ries. Pop., 83. Houses, 17. The property is divided
among a few. The manor belongs to the Duke of Suther-
land. The living is a donative in the diocese of Lich-
field. Value, £182. Patron, the Duke of Sutherland.
The church is of brick.
LONG DRAX, &c. See Dii.vx (Loxo), &c.
LONGFIELD, a parish in Dartford district, Kent ;
on the I.,ondou, Chatham, and Dover railway, 3 miles
WNW of Meophara r. station, and 5 SW of Gravesend.
Post-town, Gravesend. Acres, 531. Real property,
£757. Pop., 188. Houses, 37. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Rochester. Value, £300. Patron, the
Bishop of Rochester. The church comprises nave and
chancel, with a porch ; but is very small. Archdeacon
Plume, the founder of the Plumeau professorship at
Cambritlge, was buried here ; and his charities, for aug-
menting livings and for other purposes, amount to
£343 a-year. There is a national school.
LONGFLEET, a tythiiig and a chapelry in Canford-
llagna jjarish, Dorset. The tj-thing Lies averagely 1
niileNNEof Poole town and r. station; and includes
part of the town and of the harbour. Post-town, Poole,
Acres, 1,453; of which 285 are water. Real property,
£4,635. Pop. in 1851, 1,237; in 1861, 1,417. Houses,
283. The Poole workhouse is here; and, at the census
of 1861, had 102 inmates. The manor belongs to Sir J.
B. Guest, B;irt. The chapelry is more extensive than
the tything, and was constituted in 1836. Pop., 1,593.
Houses, 3i7. Tlie living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Salisbury. Value, £35. Patron, Sir J. B. Guest, Bart.
The church is recent, and was built chiefly at the ex-
pense of Lord de ilauley. There is a national school.
LONGFORD, a township and a parish in Ashborno
district, Derby. The township lies on an aftluent of
the river Dove, 5} miles SSE of Ashborne r. station;-
and has a post-othce under Derby. Real property,
£5,312. Pop., 500. Houses, 95. The parish contains
al.sotlietownshipsofiIollingtoii,Rodsley, andAlkmonton,
and the liberty of Huugry-Bentley. A'cres, 3,920. Real
property, £10,418. Pop., 1,157. Houses, 223. The
property is not much diWdcd. The manors of Long-
lord, Hollington, and Rodsley belong to the Hon. E.
K. W. Coke; and that of Hungry-Bcutley belongs to
Lord Vernon. Longford Hall is tlie seat of the Hon. E.
K. W. Coke. The living is a rectoiy in the diocese of
Lichfield. Value, £700.* Patron, W. Evan.s, Esq.
The church is partly Norman; was restored in 1843;
comprises iia^-e, aisles, and chancel, with a tower; and
contains monuments to the Coke family. The vicarage
of Alkmontou is a separate benefice. There was once a
chapel in Hungry-Beutley. There are a national school
in Longford township; a Primitive Methodist chapel in
HoUington ; Wesleyau chapels in Rodsley and in Thurvas-
ton; a national school for boys and girls, an endowed
school, with £40 a-year, and abus-houses with £55,
founded by the Coke family.
LONGFORD, a hamlet in Stretton-on-the-Foss par-
ish, Warwick; 3 miles W of Shipston-on-Stour.
LONGFORD, a village in Exhall parish, Warwick;
on the river Anker; adjacent to the Coventry and Nun-
eaton railway, 4 miles NXE of Coventiy. It has a sta-
tion on the railway, and a post-office under Coventry.
LONGFORD, a hamlet in Khigsland parish, Here-
ford; 4^ miles WNW of Leominster. Pop., 375.
LONGFORD, a hamlet in Ilarinomlsworth parish,
Middlesex ; on a branch of the river Coliie, 1 mile E of
Colnbrook. It takes its name from a long ford on the
stream; it has a fine bridge, called the Queen's bridge;
and it is frequented by anglers. The tract around it
lies low, and is subject to floods.
LONGFORD, a parish in Newport district, Salop; on
a branch of the Birmingham and Liverpool canal, IJ
mile W of Newport r. station. It includes the town-
ships of Brockton and Stockton. Post-town, Newport,
Salop. Acres, 1,306. Real property, £2,473. Pop.,
214. Houses, 35. The manor, with Longford Hall,
belongs to R. N. Leeke, Esii. A Roman settlement was
here. The parish is a meet for the Hoar Cross hounds.
The li\'ing is a rectory in the iliocese of Lichfield. Va-
lue, £415.* Patron, "R. N. Leeke, Esq. The church is
modern, and has a tower; and part of the previous
church adjoins it, and contains monuments of the
Talbots.
LONGFORD, a township ia Morton-Sey parish, Sa-
lop ; 2 miles W of Market-Drayton. Pop., 262.
LONGFORD, a hamlet in Britford parish, Wilts ; on
the river Avon, 24 mUes SE of Salisbury. Longford
Castle is the seat of the Earl of Radnor; was built about
1591, by Sir Thomas Georges, at a cost of about £18,000;
had originally a triangular form, flanked at the angles
by circular towers, and surrounded by a moat; was be-
sieged and captured in 1645, by Cromwell; came into
the possession of the Radnor family in 1717 ; w-as altered
by tlie late Lord Radnor, who intended to rebuild it in
a hexagonal form, but left it mifinished; continues still
incomplete, flanked by five towers; and contains a re-
markably rich picture-gallery, noted particularly for
paintings by Holbein.
LONGFORD, a hamlet in Mincbinhampton parish,
Gloucester; near Minchinhampton.
LONGFORD-ST. -CATHERINE, a hamlet in St. Ca-
therine parish, Gloacestersliire; contiguous to Gloucester
citj-, 1 mile N of Gloucester r. station. Acres, 200.
Real property, with Longford-St. ^Mary, .£4,705. Pop..
213. Houses, 37. The manor belongs to the Bishop of
Gloucester; and most of the land, to the Dean and
Chapter. A Roman settlement is supposed to have been
here.
LONGFORD-ST.-MARY, a hamlet in St. Maiy-dc-
Lode-parish, Gloucestershire; adjacent to Longford-St.
Catherine, and identical with it for its manor. Pop. in
1851, 315; in 1^61, 41S. Houses, 75.
LONG FRAMLINGTON. See Fr-oiMNGTON (Lo.ng).
LONG GROVE, a chapelry in Lugwardiue parish,
Herefordshire; 3 miles NE of Hereford town and r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Hereford. Pop., 742. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of Hereford. Value, £100.
Patron, Airs. JIarriott.
LONGHAM, a hamlet in Hampreston parish, Dorset;
adjacent to Hants, 4 miles SK by E of Wimborne-Min-
ster. Pop., 519. It has a post-uUice under Wimborne.
LONGHAM.
LON^GPOHT.
I.ONGHAil, a parish, \-ith a \-illagc, in Jlitford dis-
trict, Norfolk; 2 n.iles N cf Wciulliuj; r. station, and 4
^dV of y^z r)rreiiam. rost-town, Uereliain. Acros,
3,30i. Ktil i^rjp^rty, £1.S54. Pop., 320. Houses,
77. The vzxaoT aal most of tlie laud belong to the
Eirl of Lri-iiter. The living is a vicarage, united
Trith the vi-dr.ige of 'Weiidling, in the diocese of Nor-
■srich. VaiMe. £1)0.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor.
TLe '.hurch ii later English; and consists of nave, chan-
ctl, auJ S jorch, with a lower. There are a Weslcyau
clar-el and a carional school.
LONG HAN'DBOROUGH. See Handborougii.
LONOniEST, a township in Bothal paiish, North-
ti:i.:-rrla2l: on the Xortheaitcrn railway, 2i miles NE
cf Morj*th. It has a station on the railway. Acres,
1,703. Pop., 253. Hou.ies, 55. Longhirst Hall and
Lon^hirrt Gri.r.ge are chief residences. There are a na-
tiiiiil scho-:! and a reading-room.
LOXGHOPL, a parish in "Westbury-on-Severn dis-
trict, Gloui«ter; on the Gloucester and Hereford rail-
ivar. near the boundary wiih Hereford, 6 miles N by W
cf Ne-wTiL^sL It has c starion on the railway, and a
pcst-oSce under Gloucester: and is cut into two divi-
sions, lower and upper. Acres, 3,070. Koal property
of the L d:-.. £2,*713; of ihe u. div., £2,6i7. Fop.,
3,10-L HoTisi-s, 229. The property is divided among a
fi-K. The manor and much of the land belong to E.
ProbvB, Esq. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of Glonoeit'iV. Value, £'4'>:>.* Patron, Gen. Sir John
V.'. Gcise, Bart. The chuich is ancient; was recently
restored: and had a spire ■whi<:h became unsound, and
■R-ss about t.^ be taken do^ra in 1S67. There are a Bap-
tist ^LaT-el, cJL'l charities £135.
LOXG HOP.SLEY, &c. See Hoeslet (Long), &c.
. LONGHOr.SE. See Aef.ecastle.
LONG LANE, a hamlet in Wrockwardine parish,
SaloT<; near ^^■ei!ington.
LONG LANE, a cliapelr.- in Trusley parish, Derby-
shire; 5 milis N cf Tutbsry r. station, and 7 VV of
lierby. Post-to'.vn, Derby. Statistics of property and
I'.n. 'have cot been returned. The living is a. vicarage
in* the diocese of Lichfield. Value, not reported.*
Patron, the Vicar of Suttcn-on-the-llill.
LONG L-VWFORD. See L,wFor.D (Long.)
LONGLEAT, the seat of the JIavquis of B;uh, in Dev-
eriil-Longiriige parish, Wilts ; on an affluent of the
river Frome, 2i miles "\V of Warniiuster. It occupies
tb; site of an Aucrustinian priory, a cell, founded in the
tirse of Edward "1., and anne.xed to Ilinton abbey, in
£.-'a^r«et. I: was built, in 155'7-79, by Sir John Thvnne.
af-.er designs by John of Padua, at a cost of £80,000.
It wM imj-rored by the second Lord Weymouth, created
ilarcai-s of Bath; and was afterwards remodelled, in a
tii-:*"fnl manner, by Jeffrey Wyatt. It measures 220
ftt: bv ISO; is in "a mixed Komau style, ornamented
■with filast-irs, cornices, and colossal statues; presents
an ixf-oiin:: appearance, with a great array of windows;
contains a "nne 'baronial hall, and a rich collection of
prrrr-.irs and other pictures; and stands in a beautiful
p^aik, 15 TT-iliS in circiut, altered and laid out by "Capa-
biiitv " Brown. BL=hop Ken spent much time at Long-
leat, and died here.
LONG MAPSTON. Sre Ma]:stox (Long).
LONG>L».R.STONE, an e.Ktra-parochial tract in the
cLstriet of B-i-rkhanipstcad, and county of Buckingham;
Si T.-iles AV of Iv-n-hoe.
LONG >LAl;Ti>N. See ^L'i.m•ON (Long).
LONGMF.ADOV.', a hamlet in Bottisham parish,
Ca.-n'irid'»eshi:e; C.i miles NK of Cambridge. Pop., 57.
LONO'mEG AND HEi: DAUGHTERS. See Ad-
I'lSijiiAH, Cnmborlnnd.
LONG .NlKLFuRD. S-e Mklfoi-.d (Long).
LONfJMONT, or Long .Mvni«, a range of hill in the
SV." of Salop; co:.:ri!«-ncing at Jlindtown, 5 miles SW of
Ch-arch-Stre'tzon, .md extending 5.^ miles to the NNE. It
cu! :ainate3 at an altitude of 1 , ^7 1 fuet ; presents a .somewhat
taiie ar-pearance; consists chiefly of lower Ludlow shales;
istrivt-rsed bvsevoral ancient roads; and !i;is, on its higher
pirts, 3 line ancient earthwork and several tumuli.
LOXGNER, a township in St. Chad i.arish, Salop; on
the river Severn, 2 miles SE of Shrewsbury. Pop., 1?.
Longner Hall is a chief residence.
LONGNESS. Sec Langness.
LONG NEWNTON, &c. See Newnto.-c (Long)," &c.
LONGNEY, a village and a pari.sh in Whcatenhurst
district, Gloucester. ' The village stands on the river
Severn, 1 mile W of the Gloucester and Berkeley .ship
canal, 3,i WNW of Haresfield r. station, and 6 SW by S
of Gloucester; and has a postal pillar-box under Glouces-
ter. The parish comprises 1,070 acres. Real property,
£3,814; of which £16 are in fisheries. Pop., 4S6.
Houses, 113. The property is much subdivided. The
manor and much of the land belong to the Trustees of
Smith's charity. Orchards here are famous for the
Longney russet apple. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of Gloucester and Bristol. Value, £110.* Pa-
tron, the Lord ChanceUor. The church is early English,
in good condition; comprises nave and two chancels, with
a tower; and has an ancient font. There are an Indepen-
dent chapel, and charities £30.
LONGNOR, a village and a parish in Church-Stretton
district, Salop. Tlie village stands on the river Onny,
near Watling-street, 1| mUe NNE of Lcebotwood r. sta-
tion, and 5 NNE of Church-Stretton; and is supposed
to occupy the site of a Roman station. The ]iarish com-
prises 1,200 acres; and its post-town is Leebotwood,
under Shrewsbury. Real property, £3,65G; of which
£88 are in mines. Pop., 244. Houses, 48. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. Longnor Hall is a chief
residence. Coal is found, but is worked less now than
formerly. Tlie living is a vicarage annexed to the vic-
ai'age of Leebotwood, in the diocese of Lichfield. The
church is ancient but good; and belonged formerly lo
Haughmond abbey. There are a national school, and
charities £44. The Eev. Samuel Lee, late professor of
Arabic at Cambridge, was a native.
LONGNOE, a village, a township, a chapelry, and a
sub-district in Leek district, Stafford. The vUlage
stands on the river Manifold, near the river Dove at the
boundary with Derby, C miles SSE of Buxton r. station;
and has' a post-oflieo uudtr Buxton, and fairs on th^
second Tuesday of Feb., Easter Tuesday, 4 and 17 May,
5 Aws-, the first Tuesday of Oct., and Vl Nov. The
township includes the village, and is in Allstonefield par-
ish. Real property, £1,919. Pop., 514. Hou.-cs, 118.
The nianor belongs to Sir Jolm H. Crewe, Bart. The
chapelry is nnich more extensive than the township.
Rated property, £9,230. Pop., 2,228. The li\-ing is_ a
p. curacy in the diocese of Lichfield. A'alue, £150.
Patron, the Vicar of Allstonefield. The church was built
about the end of last century; was enlarged with galleries
in 1812; and is a plain edifice. There are a Wesleyan
chapel, and charities £11. — The sub-ilistrict contains
six townships of Allstonefield parish, one of Mayfield
parish, and three entire parishes. Acres, 20, 719. Pop.,
5,041. Houses, 1,115.
LONGOBOBY. See Lincoln.
LONGPARISH, a village, a parish, and a sub-district
in Andover distiict, Hants. Tlie village stands on the
river Test or Anton, 4 miles SW of Whitchurch r. sta-
tion, and 4 E of Andover. The pari.sh contains the tyth-
ings of East Aston, West Aston, Forton, and !Mid-
dloton. Post-town, Whitchurch, under Jlicheldever
Station. Acres, 5,250. Real property, £5,070; of wdiich
£51 are in fisheries. Pop., 803. Houses, 163. The
property is divided among a few. The manor belongs to
the Widmore family. Longparish House is a chief resi-
dence. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Win-
chester. Value, £226. Patron, the Rev. II. Woodcock.
The church is ancient and good. There arc a B.iptist
chapel and a small education charity. — The sub-district
contains eight parishes. Acres, 27,353. Pop., 4,231.
Houses, 890.
LOXGPORT, a village in Burslem town=:liip and par-
ish, Staflbrd; on a branch of the Trent canal, and subur-
ban to Burslem. It has a post-oflicc, under Stoke-upon-
Tii'Ut, anil several wharves on the canal ; it carries on
the manufacture of earthenware, porcelain, and lliut^
LONG EEACH.
198
LONGTOIf.
glass ; and it contaius Bursleiu-St. Paul's cliurcli, and
several dissenting chapels. See BuRSLEJt.
LONGPOKT, Kent. See Canterbitky.
LONG PRESTON. See Preston (Lo.vg).
LONG BEACH, a reach of tlie Thames, 3 miles long,
in the direction of SE by E from Crayfordness to Green-
hithe, between the Dartford and the West Thurrock
marshes. It has a depth of from 5 to 6 fathoms. The
measured nautical mile, for testing the speed of steamers,
is here.
LONGPJDGE, a township in Norham parish, North-
umberland; 3^ miles SW of Berwick-on-Tweed. Acres,
55S. Pop., 57. Houses, 16. Longridge House is a
chief residence.
LONGRIDGE, a village and a chapelry in EibeLester
parish, Lancashire. The village stands in the townships
of Alston, Hothereall, and Dilworth, on the SW slope of
Longridge fell, 1 J mUe SW of the terminus of the Preston
and Longridge railway, 2 N of the river Eibble, 31- W
by N of Kibchester, and 7 NE of Preston; is a populous
and thriving place; carries on nail-making, cotton-spLu-
iiing, and the manufacture of various cotton fabrics ;
conducts a large trade in the transport, by railway, of
bmlding-stone from neighbouring quarries ; and has a
post-otfice,t under Preston, a railway station, and fairs
on 16 Feb., 16 March, 16 April, Holy Monday, and 5
Nov. The railway to it from Preston was opened in
1840., The chapelry was constituted in 1S61. Pop.,
2,057. Houses, 402. Several reservoirs of the Preston
water-works are here. Longridge fell is a hUl about
54 miles in length, extending north-eastward from Long-
ridge village to the vicinity of the river Hodder at the
boundary with Yorkshire. The living is a vicarage in
the diocese of Manchester. Value, i'170.* Patrons,
Hulme's Trustees. The church was rebuilt in 1S23; and
consists of a nave, with a tower. There are an Indepen-
dent chapel, buUt in 1865; a Wesleyan chapel, built in
1836; a Roman Catholic chapel, built in lSt34, in lieu of
a previous small one; and a national school, built in
1832.
LONGRIDGE, a liberty in Penkridge parish,^ Staf-
ford; near the Northwestern railway, 1 mile NW of
Penkridge.
LONGRIGG. See Laxgrigc.
LONG RISTON, &c. See Riston (Loxg), &c.
LONG SAND, a shoal in the North Sea, across the
mouth of tlie estuary of the Thames, between Kentish
Knock and Sunk Channel. It extends from SSW to
NNE; is 18 miles long, and in one part 5 miles broad;
becomes partly bare at low water; and was the scene of
the wreck of the emigrant ship " Burgundy" in 1848,
and of the ship " Floridian" in 1849.
LONGSDON, a township in Leek parish, Stafford; 2
miles WSW of Leek. Iteal property, £3,517; of which
£15 are in quarries. Pop., 405.
LONGSHAWS, a township in Long Horsley parish,
Northimrberland; 5 miles N of Morpeth. Acres, 707.
Pop., 30. Houses, 6.
LONGS HI PS. See L.\xdsJEnd.
LONGSIGIIT, a chapeliy in ilanchester parish, Lan-
cashire ; on the Manchester and Stockport railway, 2
miles SW of ilancliester. It lias a station on the rail-
way ; and its post-town is Manchester. It was consti-
tuted in 1854. Pop. in 1861, 2,927. Houses, 564.
The living is a rectory. Value, £509. Patrons, Trus-
tees. The church was repaired in 1869, and is excellent.
A Wesleyan chapel at a cost of £9,000, w.is baUt in 1369.
LONG .SLEDDALE. See Sleddale (Loxg).
LONGSLOW, a township in Market-Drayton parish,
Salop; 1 mile NW of Market-Drayton. Pop., 70.
LONG STANTON. See Stantox (Long).
LONGSTOCK, a parish in Stockbridgo district, Hants;
on the river Test or Anton, and on the Andover railway,
1 mile N of Stockbridge. It has a post-officc under
Winchester. Acres, 2,962. Real property, £3,393.
Pop., 445. Houses, 104. The property "is divided
umong a few. The manor belongs to Lady Barker
Mill. An eminence here is called Longstock hill. Tlie
living is a vicarage in the dioccsu of Winchester. Value,
£315.* Patron, Lady B. Mill. The church is ancient,
and was repaired in 1846. There are a Primitive Metho-
dist chapel, and charities £15.
LONGSTONE, one of the Fern islands in Northum-
berland. It is the remotest of the group; measures ^ of
a mile in length; and has a lighthouse, erected in 1827,
showing a half-miuute light, \-isible at the distance of
IS miles.
LONGSTONE (Great), a village, a township, and a
chapelry in Bakewell pari.sh, Derby. The village stands
on high ground, under a lofty range of hills, called Long-
stone Edge, near the Derby and Bu.xtou railway, 3 miles
NAV by N of Bakewell; consists of one long street; and
has a station on the i-aUway, and ?. post-office imder
Bakewell. The township bears the name of Great Long-
stone-with-Holnie. Real propertj', £5,292 ; of which
£990 are in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 564; in 1861, 683.
Houses, 130. The increase of pop. arose from the'tem-
porarj' presence of labourers at the f';rming of the rail-
way. The manor and much of the laud belong to the
Duke of Devonshire. Longstone Hall, an ancient man-
sion at the W end of the %'illage, is the seat of T. Gregory,
Esq. Hobiie Hall is the residence of T. J. Gisborne,
Esq. — The chapelry includes also Little Longstone town-
ship, and part of Wardlow. Pop., 925. Houses, 173.
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Lichfield.
Value, £190.* Patron, the Vicar of Bakewell. The
church is old; comprises nave and chancel, with a small
tower; and contains monuments of the noble family of
E)Te. There are two dissenting chapels, respectively in
Great Longstone and Little Longstone; and there is a
commodious school, built in 1862, and endowed with
£25 a-year.
LONGSTONE (Littles a township in Bakewell
parish, Derby ; 3) miles NW of B.;kewell. Real pro-
perty, £3,333. Pop., 185. Houses, 31.
LONGSTOW, a parish and a hundred in Cambridge
The parish lies adjacent to Beds, h a mile N by \V of
Old North Road r. station, and two S by E of Caxton;
and is in Caxton district. Post-toun, Caxton, under
Royston. Acres, 1,412. Real property, £1,5S9. Pop.,
264. Houses, 47. The property is divided among a few.
The manor, with Longstow Hall, belongs to Sidney
Stanley, Esq. The living is a recton- in the diocese of
Ely. Value, £350.* Patron, the Rev. J. Rushton.
The church was rebuilt in 1864. Chaiities, £34, and
eight cottages. — The hundred contains also thirteen
other parishes. Acres, 25,500. Pon., 6,456. Houses,
1,283.
LONGSTOW, Huntingdon. See Stow (Long).
LONG-STREET, a tything in Enford parish, Wilts;
on the river Avon, 6^ mile^ N of Amesbjjry. Pop., 81.
LONG-STREET, a hamlet in the N of Bucks; near
the Northwestern railway, 51 miles N of Fenny-Strat-
ford.
LONG-SUTTON. See Suttox (Loxg).
LONGTHORPE, a chapelry in Peterborough-St. John-
the-Baptist parish, Northamptonshire; on the river Nen
and the Northampton railway, 2 miles W of Peterborough.
Post-town, Peterborough. Acres, 1,390. Real pro-
perty, £2,623. Pop., 294. Houses, 64. Thorpe Hall,
a handsome mansion in the Italian style, is the seat of
the Rev. W. Strong. Peppermint is largely grown; and
the distillation of oil from it is carried on at Hol}'well.
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Peterborough.
Value, £100. Patron, the Hon. George W. Fitzwilliam.
The church is a plain edifice of the 13th century; and
consists of nave, aisks, and chancel.
LONGTHOIU'E, a hamlet in Ellerby township,
Swine parish, E. R. Yorkshire; 7.^ miles NE of Hull.
LONGTON, a village, a townsliip-chapelry, and a sub-
district, in Preston district, Lano.Lshire. The village
stands adjacent to the lic.^.d of the Riblle's estuary, .3i-
miles W of Preston-Junction r. station, and 5 SW of
Preston ; is about 2 miles loug; and has a post-ofiice
under Preston. — The chapelry comp:i:>es 3,132 acre.< of
land, and 5G0 of water; and is in Penwortham parish.
Real property, £6,781. Pop., 1,637. Houses, 310. Tlie
property is much subdivided. M.iltiug is largely carried
LONGTON.
LONGWOOD.
on; and there aru two breweiies. The living is a p.
csrac-T ill the diocose of Manchcstor. Value, £190.
Patron, L. Eav.atorue, Esi- The. church was built in
irro, and is a good brick structure. There are chapels
for ^Ve3leya:ls and Primitive ^lethotlists, a free grammar
e-jLooI, aiid ch.iiitie3 £29. The sub-district comprises
il-: r-arlbhes of Peuwcrtham and tloole. Acres, 14,240.
Po-,.*, 6.6-20. Houses, 1,204.
LONGTOX, a town, a cbapelry, and a sub-district in
S:cke-upon-Trt;ut district, Stafford. The town stands
en the Nori. Staffordshire railway, 5 miles SE of New-
caitle-imder-Lyne ; is regarded as conterminate with the
ccnjoint toA-nship of Lane -End and Longton; was
formerly, as a to'ivn, called Lane-End ; is situated in the
s-iuihemmost part of the pottery region; was, in the last
ce'_tujy, an obscure village ; and has risen to be one of
xhr most pojjulous and flourishing of the seats of the
j-ottery mau-jl'acture. It has a post-office J under
•Stoke-upon-Tri-nt, and stations with telegraph on both
the Crewe and Utto-xeter and the Stoke and Silver-
dale branches of the Xorth Staffordshire railway ; it con-
tains a large number of excellent houses and shops;
it is well supplied with water; and it has a hand-
some new towu-Lill, a court-house, a spacious covered
market, three churches, six dissenting chapels, a Roman
Catholic chapel, an athenKum, a mechanics' institute,
sad a number of public schools. The court-house is a
■weii-buUt e.lifice; includes a police office; and is used
for f-etty sessions, and for the meetings of the local police
commisoioaers. The covered market was recently erected
at great expense; is very conveniently arranged; and
COST nearly £2,000 for merely its internal fitting's. St.
Janes' church is the church of Longton rectory; was
tuilt in 153-3; is a stone edifice in the pointeci style; and
Las a tower. The other two churches are those of the
cii'.'elries of Line-End and Edensor. The Roman
Catf.olic chapel was rebuilt in 1809, at a cost of £7,000.
A uursery school and mission church was erected in
li6'3, at ilount PLvasant, the highest and most airy part
cf tnetowii; and is an ornamental structure in the pointed
£t;.-!e. A s-;heme was commenced in 1365 for that school
and mission church, for other national schools, for the
tiJLiiugof batlis, for the obtaining of a public recreation
gronnl, and fjr the reseating of St. Jumes' church; and
■vraa estimated to require £0,000. A railway to Buck-
Bill was authorized in IStJo. A weekly market is held
on Saturday; anotlier market, for vegetables and fruit,
is held, iu snunner, on Wedne.srlay ; and fairs are lield
ca Shrove -Tue.v!ay, Easter -Tuesday, AVhit-l'uesday,
2nd Martiumas-Tuisday. The manufacture of eartlien-
ware and porcelain, in all departments, is largely
carried en; malting and brewiug also are prominent;
aid considerable trade is done in connexion with neigh-
I-juring coUieries and ironstone mines. The manor,
■»"ith Lon:::ton Hall, belongs to J. £. Heathcotc, Esq.
Lccgton Hall is a chief residence. Foley House, in
v.'hich John AVesley often preached, is still standing.
P.-?al property of the town in 18(50, £33,371; of which
£400 wer-i iu mines, and £220 in ironworks. Pop.
in 1851, 15,149; in 1861, 16,690. Houses, 3,277.— The
chapelry wa.s constituted in 1839. Pop. in 1861, 12,700.
Hoiues, 2, -51 4. The living is a rectoiy in the diocese of
Lichfield. Value, not reix.rtcd.* Patron. Sirs. Clarke.
The sr.b-district comprises Longton town and Bottes-
low to\vnship._ _Pop., 1C,S.57. Houses, 3,308.
LONGTOVrX, a town, a town,ship, two sub-districts,
£2d a district in Cumberland. The town stands on the
river Esk, adjac.-nt to the North British railway, at tlie
f-irkiug of the branches toward Carlisle and Gretna. 3
riiles S cf the boundary with Scotland, and 8.^ N by W
r,: Carlisl-j; w.^5 founded, .at a renioto period, by" the
Grahams of Nitherby; continued, till a recent ])eriod, to
be only a poor village; is now a wcdl-built place, witli
gcod laod.ern h'^u^es, and regular spncious streets: is a
Scat of petty se.ssions and a polling-jilace; and has a j>ost-
orfcet under Crlislo, a railwi'.y st.ition, a stone bridge
oTcT the Esk, a cliurch cf tin.-' CJhurrh of Scotland, a
Ui-ittd Pr'sbytcrian ihur. h, a United Free Methodist
chapel of IS'JO, and a fret; School fuunded in 1751.
Markets are held on Mondays and Thursdays; a fair for
horses, on the Thursday before Whitsunday ; and hiring
fairs, on ^Yllit -Thursday and at Martinmas. JSIany oi
the inhabitants are weavers in the employment of manu-
facturers at Carlisle. — Tlic township includes the town,
comprises 2,538 acres, and is in the jiarish of Arthurot.
Real property, £5.810. Pop. in 1851, 2,234; in 1861,
2,863. Houses, 497. The increase of pop. arose from
the establishment of a bobbin mill, and from the em-
ployment of labourers at the forming of the r.iilway.
The two sub-districts are High Longtown and Low Long-
town. H. L. sub-d. contains the parishes of Stapleton
and Bewcastle, and the chapelry of Xichol - P'orest.
Acres, 43,637. Pop., .0,291. Houses, 529. L. L. sub-d.
contains the parishes of Arthuret, Kirkliuton, and
Scaleby, and the Moat, Middle, and Nether cpiarters cf
Kirk-Andrews-upon-Esk parish. Acres, 3s, 234. Pop.,
7,178. Houses, 1,262.— The district consists .of these
two sub-districts. Acres, 86,871. Poor-rates in 1863,
£3,910. Pop. iu 1351, 9,096; in 1801, 10,469. Houses,
1,791. Marriages iu 1863, 38; bii-ths, 259, — of which
63 were illegitimate; deaths, 177, — of which 66 were at
ages under 5 years, and 10 at ages above 85. Marriages
in the ten years 1851-60, 396; births, 2,979; deaths,
1,756. The places of worship, in 1851, were 7 of the
Church of England, with 1,770 sittings; 1 of the Church
of Scotland, with 250 s.; 1 of the Presbyterian Church
in England, with 300 s. ; 2 of the United Presbyterian
Church, with 500 s.; 2 of Quakers, with 370 s.; 3 of
Wesleyans, with 490 s. ; and 1 of the Wesleyan Associa-
tion, with 35 attendants. The schools were 17 public
day-schools, with 694 scholars; 17 private day-schools,
■with 614 s. ; and 11 Sunday schools, with 772 s. The
workhouse is iu Ketherby township; and, at the census
of 1861, had 72 inmates.
LONGTOWN, a village and a township-chapelry in
Clodock parish, Hereford. The village stands on an
afHuent of the river Monnow, under the Black mountains,
1.^ mile E of the boundary with Wales, 4 J N liy W of
Pandy r. station, and 5 W by S of Abbey dore; contains
a fragment of an ancient castle; and has fairs on 29 April,
22 June, and 21 Sept. The cha]ielry is extensive; but
the acreage of it is returned with the parish. Post-town,
Abbeydore, under Hereford. Real property, £4,912.
Pop., 892. Houses, 184. The living is a p. curacy in
tlie diocese of Hereford. Value, £6S. Patron, the
Vicar of Clodock. There are a Baptist chapel and a free
school.
LONGTREE, a hundred in Gloucester; bounded, on
tlie E and the S, by Wiltshire; and containing Avcn-
ing parish, and nine other parishes. Acres, 30,592.
Pop. in 1851, 17,420; iu 1861, 16,260. Houses, 3,746.
LONGUE PIERRE, a beacon rock among the Channel
Lslands; between Sark and Hcrra.
LONGUEVILLE, a village in St. Saviour parish,
Jersey; near St. Helier.
LONGVILLE, a township, with a r. station, in Eaton
parish, Salop; on the Wellington and Craven-Arms
railway, 64 miles •'^W of Mueh-Wenlock.
LONGWATHDY. See Lanowatiiby.
LONG WHATTON. See Wn.A.TToN (Loxo).
LONGWICK, a hamlet in Priuct's-Risborougli parish,
Bucks; 1 mile NW of Princes-Risborough.
LONG WITTENHAil. See Wittknham (Long).
LONGWITTON, a township in Hartbuin jiarish,
Northumberland; near tlie river Wansbeck, 8 miles W
by N of Moqieth. Acres, 2,247. Pop., 152. Houses,
23. Longwittori Hall belonged to the Swinb\irnes, the
Trevelyans, and others; and jiassed to the Fcnwicks.
Mineral sin'ings are at Thurston.
LONGWO(.»D, a village and a to^vn5hip-clKlpelr)• in
Huddcr^ficld ]xirish, W. R. Yorkshire. The village
st.'uiils adjacent to the Leeds and ilanchcster branch of
the Northwestern railway, 2J miles W of Iludderstlcld;
anil has a station on the railway, gas-works erected in
1860, and a local board of health cstiiblishcd in ISOl.
— The chapelry contains also the hamlets of D.irklane,
Dodlec, Hirst, Outlane, Snowy-Lee, ar.d Sunnybank,
and parts of Milnes-bridgeaud Royds-HaiL Post-towj',
LONGWORTH.
200
LOOE (West).
Hulldersfield. Acres, 910. Eeal property, £8,010; of
Tihich £110 are in quarries. Pop. in 1S51, 3,023; in
1S61, 3,402. Houses, 684. The property is much sub-
divided. Cotton - spinning, cotton - doubling, cotton-
Avarp-making, and fancy woollen manufactures are carried
ou. Two large reservoirs of the Huddersfield waters
works are here. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of Kipon. Value, £150.* Patron, the Vicar of Hud-
dersfield. The church is a plain building, neither good
nor large, with a bell-turret. There are two Weslevan
chapels, a New Connexion Methodist chapel, a me-
chanics' institute, free schools, national schools, aud
cliarities £98.
LONGWORTH, a Tillage in Faringdon district, and
a parish partly also in Abingdon district, Berks. The
TiUage stands 1 mUe S of the river Isis, at the bound-
aiy with Oxford, 6 N by W of "Wantage-Road r. station,
aud 7 ENE of Faringdon; and has a post-office, under
Faringdon. The parish contains also the chapelry of
Charney, and the hamlet of Draycot-lloor. Acres,
4,415. Real propei-ty, £3,978. Pop., 1,131. Houses,
255. The manor belonged once to Sir H. Marten, the
father of the regicide; and belongs now to Sidney Pusey,
Esq. A Roman camp, and the reputed site of a palace
of Canute, are at Cherbury. The living is a rectory,
united ;vith the chapelry of Charney, in the diocese of
Oxford. Value, £1,000.* Patron, Jesus College, Ox-
ford. The church is Saxon, in tolerable condition,.
Toughcast and whitened; contains several old brasses;
and stands on an eminence, commanding a fine ■view over
the rich out-spread basin of the Isis. ' There are a "VTes-
le3-an chapel, a national school, and charities £45.
Bishop Fell was a native, and his father was rector.
LOXGWORTII, a township in P,olton-le-Moors par-
ish, Lancashire; 5 miles N by W of Bolton. Acres,
■3,590. Real property, £1,145. Pop., 154. Ifouses,
.23. A cotton-mill is here.
LONGWORTH, Lincoln. See Langworth.
LONINGBOROUGH, a hundred in the lathe of Shep-
■way, Kent; containing Acrise pari.sh, and three other
]«arishes. Acres, 12,547. Pop. in 1851, 2,338. Houses,
407.
LONINGHEAD, a hamlet on the E border of Cum-
berland ; on the South Tyne river, 4^ miles SE of Alston.
LONSDALE, the valley of the river Lune, in "West-
moreland and Lancashire. This is Lonsdale originally
and geographically; but it has been extended politically,
to include some adjacent country ; and as politically ex-
tended, it forms a ward in Westmoreland, and a hun-
dred in Lancashire. It is noted for fine scenery in its
low tracts, and for picturesque features in its hill and
mountain flanks. It gives the title of Earl to the family
«f Lowther.
LONSDALE, a ward in Westmoreland; containing
Kirkby-Lonsdale parish, and parts of Kendal and Bur-
ton-in-Kendal parishes. Acres, 42,202. Pop. in 1851,
€.643; in 1861, 6,071. Houses, 1,059.
LONSD.VLE, a hundred in Lanca.shire; cut into two
divisions, — L.-N of the Sands aud L. -Sof the Sands.
L.-N of the Sands contains Aldingham parish and ei,:;ht
other parishes. Acres, 135,043. Pop. in 1851, 30,556.
Houses, 5,676. L.-S of the S.inds contains Bolton-le-
Sands parish, ciglit other parishes, and part of four
others. Acres 139,641. Pop. in 1851, 20,156. Houses,
/J,390. Pop. of both in 1861, 56,704. Houses, 10,870.
LONTON, a hamlet in Holwick township, Romald-
Kirk parish, N. R. Yorkshire; on the river Tees, at the
boundary witli Durham, 8.J miles NW of Barnard-Castle.
A hand.sorae bridge here spans the Teos.
LOOE (The), a river of Cornwall; rising on high
grounds, near St. Clear; and running about 10 miles
southward, j^ast Liskeard and St. Kcyne, to the head of
Loofi bay between East Looe aud ^Vest Looe. It is
joined, near its mouth, by the Trclawney river, which
has a run of about 7.^ miles south-soutli-c.i.stward, and is
sometimes called West Ijooe river. Looe bay is a mere
incurvature, continuous with Wliitesand bay on the E.
LOOE, a sub-district in Liskeard district, Cornwall;
ooutaiuin^' St. Martin's parish, Talland parish, three
other parishes, and Looe Island. Acres, 19,953. Pop.,
5,665. Houses, 1,121.
LOOE (East), a small !;ea-port town and a chapelry
in St. Martin's parish, Cornwall. The town stands on
the E side of the mouth of the river Looe, 9 miles SW
by W of St. Germans r. station, and 8 S by E of Lis-
keard; was made a market-town so early as the time of
Henry II.; sent 20 ships, with 315 seamen, to the siege
of Calais, in the time of Edsvard III. ; was then the only
sea-port of any consequence in Cornwall, except Fowey ;
claims to be a borough by proscription ; received a char-
ter from Elizabeth; returned two members to parliament
from Elizabeth's time till disfranchised by the act of
1832; is still nominally governed by a mayor, a recorder,
and 12 burgesses or aldermen; earned on, for some time,
a considerable trade with France, Spain, and the Medi-
terranean; was long noted also for a prosperous pilchard
fishery; shows high indications of a reviving trade, after
long and great decay; conducts a coasting business, in
the import of coal, culm, and limestone, and in the ex-
port of fish, bark, granite, and tin, copper, and lead
ores; has an excellent harbour and quay, defended by a
small battery and breast-work; enjoys railway communi-
cation up to Liskeard, and to the great Cheesewring
granite quarries; has a post-office| under Liskeard, two
good inns, a weekly market on Wednesday, and fairs on
13 Feb., 10 July, 4 Sept., and 10 Oct.; is a seat of bor-
ough courts on every third Jlonday from ilichaelmas day,
and of two courts-leet annually; was long noted for a pic-
turesque fifteen-nrched bridge built in 1400, and 423 feet
long, now replaced by a less interesting but mere commo-
dious structure; contains a church of the 14th century,
greatly altered in the 16th century, and mainly rebuilt in
1806, yet possessing a few ancient features and an old low
castellated tower; contains also two dissenting chapels;
partakes in the benefits of an endowed school in West Looe;
occupies a romantic site, in a deep recess, overhung bj-
garden-clad acclivities; was, before the formation of a
new road to it along the water- side, approached from the
E by a path so steep that strangers, in descending, felt
as if they would be precipitated on the roofs of tlie
houses; and presents a strange jumble of curious houses
massed irrcgidarly in short narrow streets or alleys.
"Such houses!" exclaims an intelligent visitor to it in
1859. "Never, certainly, except in some mediosval
town abroad, have we encountered such startling illustra-
tions of the ideas of the old house-builders. Gables, quaint
and ragged as Mr. Ruskin could msh, or Turner could have
painted; staircases of wood and of masonry outside of
the houses, instead of inside; quaint and picturesque
porches ; hanging gardens on the sides of the hills; and a
general arrangement of the several tenements, or rather
want of arrangement, singularly fitted for the pencil, but
as directly opposed to all our modem notions of order,
and as inconvenient for all purposes of drainage, as pos-
sibly could b€." The view of the town and its environs
from the sea-side is very striking ; and several views in
the vicinity, paiiicularly one lu the inlet of Trelawuey
mill, opening into the Looe river immediately above tha
bridge, is exquisitely beautiful. — The chapelry politi-
cally is conterrniuatc" with the town or borough. Real
property, £1,820. Pop. iu 1S51, 970; in 1861, 1,154.
Houses, 205. But the chapelry ecclesiastically includes
also most of West Looe, boars the name of Ea.st and
West Looe, and was constituted in 1S42. Pop., 1,860.
Houses, 366. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
E.xeter. Value, .£75. Patron, the I!i.-hop of Exeter.
LOOE ISLAND, an extra-parochi.il island iu Lis-
keard district, Cornwall; h a mile from the nearest shore,
and U S of East Looo. It is rocky, about A a mile iu
circuit, and 170 feet higli; and was once crowned by a
chapel to St. George, now used as a coa^^t-guard statiou,.
Pop., 8. House, 1.
LOOE STREAM, a p,issage between Selsea-bill and
Ower shoal, off the coast of Sussc-c; lying S of tha
Mixon, aud N of the Boulder and Middle grounds. It
has from 2 to 6 fathoms water.
LOOE (Wk.st), a small town in T.alland parish, Corn-
wall; on the W baTik of tlio river Looe, opposite I'jnt
LOOSE.
201
LORTON.
Lnoe. It is jinictically one town with East Looe ; coin-
muaicates iniiiicdiatelv with it by the bridge across the
river ; has the same liind of character, as to both site
iiiid stnictiire; and sliar?3 in its business. It once had
u weekly market, and still has a fair on 6 JIay. It also
w.is made a borough by charter of Elizabeth; sent two
members to jiarliament, till disfranchised by the reform
bill ; and is still nominally governed by a mayor and
burgesses. It has a lately restored old church, an Inde-
pt-ntlent chapel, and an endowed school with £45 a-year.
Keal property, £1,013. Pop., 770. Houses, 161.
LOOSE, a village, a parish, and a sub-district in
Maidstone district, Kent. The village stands on a rivu-
let of its own name, 2^ miles S of Maidstone r. station ;
is a picturesque place, surrounded by hop and fruit gar-
dens; includes a sort of suburb called Well-street; and
has a post-office under Staplehurst. The parish com-
]irises 960 acres. Keal property, £6,759. Pop., 1,573.
Houses, 337. The Loose rivulet is sluggish, drives sev-
eral paper and corn mills, flows about i a mile under-
ground, and goes to the Medway. There are a brewery
and several rag-stone quarries. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Canterbury. Value, £488. Patron,
the Archbishop of Canterbury. The church consists of
nave, chancel, and a recent aisle; has a tower and spire ;
and was recently repaired. A tract which had a pop. of
43 in 1861 is included in the chapelry of Tovil. There
are a national school, and charities £3. — The sub-district
contains seven parishes. Acres, 7,916. Pop., 5,867.
Houses, 1,207-
LOOSEBARROW, a hundred in Wareham and Wim-
borne divisions, Dorset; containing Aimer, Morden, and
Spetisbury parishes. Acres of the Wareham part, 6,674.
Pop. in 1851, 1,018. Houses, 199. Acres of the AVim-
borne part, 1,101. Pop. in 1351, 185. Houses, 36.
LOOSEBEARE, a hamlet in Zeal-Monachorum par-
ish, Devon; 7 miles KW by W of Crediton. Real pro-
perty, £1,244.
LOOSELEY-ROW, a vOlage in Princes-Eisborough
parish, Bucks; 24 miles W of Princes-Risborough. It
has a post-office imder Tring.
LOl'EN, a parish, with a village, in Chard district,
Somerset; 2 miles S by E of South Petherton, and 4
NJ> W of Crewkerne r. station. Post-town, South Pe-
therton, under Ilminster. Acres, 489. Real property,
£2,145. Pop., 419. Houses, 99. The property is .su"b-
(livided. The manor belongs to Earl Poulett. The liv-
ing is a vicarage in the diocese of I'ath and Wells.
Value, £96. Patron, Earl Poulett. The church is an-
cient but good; was enlarged in 1834; and coTuprises
transept and chancel, with bell-turret.
LOPHAM (NouTu), a village and a parish in Guilt-
cross district, Norfolk. The village stands 3 miles N of
the boundary with Suffolk, 4.1 SE of East Harling r.
.^tation, and 11 E of Thctford; cairies on a manufacture of
linen, diaper, dowlas, and huckaback; and has a post-
oflice under Thetford. The parish comprises 2,000
acres. Keal property, £.3,575. Pop. in 1851, 832; in
18!)1, 771. Houses, 173. The property is much subdi-
vided. The manor and much of the land belong to the
Duke of Norfolk. The living is a rectory, united with
the rectory of South Lopham, in the diocese of Norwich.
Value, £019.* Patron, the Kev. J. Bateman, mIio must
jiroscnt a Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge.
The church was built by W. Bigod; has a Norman porch;
cxhibit.s, on the exterior and round the buttresses, many
Latin inscriiitions ; and the chancel was restored in 1SG2.
There are ch.-ipels for Weslcj'ans and Primitive Jletho-
dists, a free sclioul, and charities £100, besides 103 acres
• if fuel allotment.
LOPH \ M (South), a village .and a parish in Guiltcro.ss
district, Norfolk. Tlie village stands 1 mile S of North
Lopham, 1 milo E of the ^jources of the rivers Wavcney
and Little Ousc, and Cih SK of East Harling r. station;
tiiares in the manufacture of North I/jph.am; an'l hns a
post-olHce umlir Thetford. The pari.sh comprises 1,937
u-rcs. Real iiroperty, £C,129. Pop. in 1851, 731; in
IS'jl, 630. Houses, 154. The property is much sub-
divided. Two springs at Lopham Gate, in feus, 1 mile
E of the village, are the sources of the Wavcney and tho
Little Ouse. The living is a rectory, annexed to thi
rectory of North Lopham, in the diocese of Nor^vich.
The church is very old ; has a beautiful Norman tower,
rising between the nave and the chancel, restored in
1866; and contains a tablet commemorative of Elliott's
charity. A school w.is built in 1863, at a cost of £800;
and there are charities £127, besides 126 acres of allot-
ment.
LOPPERWOOD, a tythiug in Eling parish, Hants;
i\ miles NW of Southampton. Real property, £545.
Pop., 176. Loppcrwood House is a chief residence.
LOPPINGTON, a village and a parish in AVem dis-
trict, Salop. The village stands 3 miles W by N of Wem
r. station, and has a post-ottice under Wem. The parish
contains the townsliips of Nonely and Burlton; the lat-
ter of which has a poit-ofSce under Shrew.sbury. Acres,
3,414. Real propert_v, £6,192. Pop., 575. Houses,
118. The property is much subdivided. The manor
belongs to the Duke of Cleveland. Loppington House
is a chief residence. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese of Lichfield. Value, £215.* Patron, the Lord
Chancellor. The church is ancient, in tolerable con-
dition ; and contains some brasses ; and was the scene of
a conflict between the royalists and parliamentarians,
when part of its N wall was demolished. There are a
mixed national school and some charities.
LORBOTTLE, a township in Whittingham parish,
Northumberland; 4i miles NNW of Rothbury. Acres,
2,409. Pop., 110. ' Houses, 19. Lorbottle House is a
chief residence. Lime is calcined.
LORDINGTON, a hamlet-chapelry in Eacton parish,
Sussex; 5^ miles NW of Chichester r. station. Post-
town, Chichester. The living is annexed to the rectory
of Racton in the diocese of Chich^stt-r. Cardinal Pole
was a native; and Sir Richard Pole and JIargaret Coun-
tess of S.alisbury were residents.
LORDLAND (North and South), two hamlets in
Dent chapelry, W. R. Yorkshire; near Dent \-illage.
LORD'S-BRIDGE, a railway station in Cambridge-
shire; on the Cambridge and Bletchley railwaj', 5 J miles
SW by W of Cambridge.
LORDSHIP-LANE, a railway station on the NE bor-
der of Surrey ; on the Crj'stal Palace and South London
Junction railwa}-, between the Honour-Oak and tha
Ciystal Palace Hi^h-Level stations.
LORD'S-ISLAND, an island in Derwent-water, Cum-
berland; about 100 yards from the E shore adjacent to
Wallow-crag. It comprises about 6.^ acres; is covered
with statelj" trees; and contains vestiges of a pleasure-
house of the Ratclitfes, Earls of Derwcntwater. It v.-as
originally a peninsula; but, after the erection of the plea-
sure-house on it, it was insulated by the forming of a
deep wide cut, which served as a fosse, and was spanned
by a drawbridge.
LORD'S-MERE, a quarter in Saddleworth chapelry,
Rochdale parish, W. K. Yorkshire; near the boundary
with Lancashire, 6 miles NW of Ashton-under-Lyne.
LORD'S-MILL, a hamlet in Houley townsliip, Al-
mondburj- parish, W. E. Yorkshire; 1 mile W of Hon-
Icy vUla^ie.
LORTON, a village, a township, and a parish in Cock-
ermouth district, Cumberland. The village stands on
the Cocker river, in Lorton vale, 4 miles SSE of Cocker-
mouth r. station; and has a post-oflice under Cocker-
mouth. The town -hip comprises 5,264 acres. Real
jiroperty, £3,288. Pop., 456. Houses, 90. The par-
ish contains also the townships of Brackenthwaite and
Wythop; and comprises 10,755 acres. Real propcrtv,
£5,728. Po].., 655. Houses, 131. The property 'is
)unch subdivided. Lorton Hall, Lorton IIou.se, Fair-
field, Oakhill, and Kirkfell House are chief residences.
Lorton vale cxtinos from Crummock-water to the N
boundary of tho pa.rish; is flanked on the W bv Low fell
and Wliiu fell,— ^,:. the E, by Whiteside, Whinlatter,
and Wythop fells; is wtll-wooded aiul bcautiluUy pic-
turesque; and contained, till recently, a f';aiiuu,s old yew-"
tree, sung as f<illo.. s by Woidsworth : —
2 o
LOSCOE.
202
LOT HERS DALE.
" There is a yew-tree, pride of Lorton vale.
Which to this day stands single, in the mitlrt
Of its own darkness, as it stood of yore.
Of vast circumference and gloom profound
This solitary tree! a living thing,
Produced too slowly ever to decay ;
Of form and aspect too magnificent
To be destroyed."
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Carliile. Value,
£100. Patron, the Earl of Lonsdale. The church was, in
1867, about to be restored and beautified. There is a
parochial school.
LOSCOE, a hamlet in Heanor parish, Derby; IJ mUe
"W of the Erewash river at the boundary with Notts,
midway between the Erewash-Valley and the Ripley
railwaj's, and 5} E of Helper. Pop. in 1S51, 451 ; in
1861, 670. Houses, 126. It forms part of Codnor
chapelry, and has a Baptist chapel.
LOSCOMBE, a hamlet in Netherbur}', Iforth Poorton
and Poorstock parishes, Dorset; S| miles SE of Bea-
minster.
LOSEBY. See Lo-irasBT.
LOSELEY, a demesne in Guildford-St. Nicholas parish,
Surrey; 2 miles S\V of Guildford. It belonged anciently
to Edward the Confessor, Roger llontgomerv, and others;
was purchased, early in the reign of Heuiy VIII., by Sir
Christopher More; went by marriage, about 1692, to the
ilolyneuxes; and belongs now to James More Molpieux,
Esq. The mansion on it was buUt, about 1562, by Sir
AVilliam More; acquired, in the time of the next owner,
a gallery 121 feet long and a chapel, both of which were
taken down since the commencement of the present cen-
tury ; contains a muniment room, which was closed for
upwards of 200 years, and was aftenrarda found to con-
tain a valuable collection of manuscripts, subsequently
printed and published; includes a hall 42 feet long and
25 feet wide, containing many interesting portraits and
curiosities; and was visited by Queen Elizabeth, James
I., and .A.nne of Denmark. The grounds comprise about
ISO acres, and present charming features of wood and
contour.
LOSENHAM, a place in Newenden parish, Kent; 5i
miles SW of Tenterden. Camden supposed it to be the
Bite of the ancient Anderida; but he is provci, by recent
research, to have been mistaken. A Carmelite friary was
founded here, in 1211, by the Auchers; and conteats
with one at Aylesford the claim of having b-ien the first
Carmelite friary in England. No remains of it now
exist. Losenham passed from the Auchere to the Cole-
pepers.
LOSFORD, a township in Hodriet parish, Salop; on
the liver Tern, 3^ miles SW of Market - Drayton.
Pop., 64.
LOSTOCK, a hamlet in Walton-le-Dale township,
Blackburn parish, Lancashire;" 3 miles S by E of Preston.
Lostock Hall is the chief residence.
LOSTOCK, a hamlet in Barton-upou-Iruell township,
Eccles parish, Laucaihiro; 5 miles \V of Manchester.
LOSTOCK, a township in Bolton-lc-Moors parish,
Lancashire; on the Bolton and Preston railway, 4 miles
"W of Bolton. It is connected ecclesiastically with "West
Houghton chapelrv. Acres, 1,426. Real yiroperty,
£2,146. Pop., 5S0. Houses, 121. Losto-.-k Hall here
is a timbered house of 1563, with oriels; belonged to the
Andertons; and p;vssel to the Blundells. There are a
^Vesleyan chapel :ind a national school.
LOSTOCK-GRALAM, a village and a townshij) in
Great Budworth parisli, and a chapelry partly also in
Davenham parish, Cheshire. The village stands on an
afduont of the river "Weaver, adjacent to tLe Altrincham
and Northwich railway, 2 miles ENE of Northwich; and
lias a station on the railway, and a poit-office under
Kiiutsford. The township contains also tl.f- hamlet of
Lostock-Green, and comprises 1,706 acri-. Real pro-
perty, £3,65 {. Pop., 467. Houses, 07. The manor be-
longed anciently to tlio family of Hame; pa-ised to Hugh
Lupus, Earl of Chester; was given by liiui to Hugh de
Runcliamp, whose son Cralain assumed fioTn it the name
of Lostock; passed from the Lostocks to the liolfords; went
afterwards to the Brookes; and belon;;3 now to AV. L.
Brooke, Esq. The chapelry includes also the townsliiim
of Wincliam, Hulse, and Lach-Dermis, and part of the
lordship of Rudheath ; and was constituted in ISll.
Pop., 1,294. Houses, 273. The living is n p. curacy
in the diocese of Chester. Value, £120. Patron, the
Incumbent of "Witton. The church is a brick edifice of
1844; and consists of nave, aisles, and chancel. A
"Wesleyan chapel is at Lostock-Green; ami a national
school is near the church.
LOSTOCK-GREEN. See the prece'ling article.
LOSTOCK-HALL, a railway station in Lancashire;
on the Ormskirk and Preston railway; at Lostock hamlet,
3 miles S by E of Preston.
LOSTOCK-JUNCTICX akd LOSTOCK-LANE, two
railway-stations in Lancashire; on the Bolton and Pres-
ton railway, 3 and 4 miles W of Bolton. The former
station is at the junction of the raUwav to "Wigan.
LOSTOCK RiVER, a stream in Lancashire; rising
about 3 miles below Preston, and running to the river
Yarrow a little above its influx to the Douglas.
LOSTWITHIEL, a town and a parish in Bodmin dis-
trict, Cornwall. The town stands in a deep valley, on
the river Fowey, and on the Cornwall railway, 5 miles
SSE of Bodmin ; was originally called Lestwithiel, sig-
nifying the "lofty palace;" was founded, together with
" a palace" or stannary court at it, by Richard, Earl of
Cornwall; sent two members to parliament from the ■
time of Edward II., till disfranchised by the act of 1S3-';
was visited by Charles I. in 1644, prior to the flight of
Essex to Fowey, and by the Prince of AVales in 1864; is
governed, under a charter of George II., by a mayor, six
aldermen, and seventeen councillors ; was long the seat
of the coimty courts of Cornwall; retains a monu-
ment of its former importance in the stannary court or
county buildings; and has a head-post-office, 4; a raihvay
station with telegraph, a banking-ottlre, a good inn, a
picturesque old bridge, a town-hall, a market-house, a
church, three dissenting chapels, a mechanics' institute,
a free grammar school, a girls' national school, and chari-
ties £19. The stannary court is in good preservation:
was an oblong massive structure, flanked by graduated
buttresses, and ornamented with the duchy arms; is
buUt chiefly of local slate, without ashlar; has semi-
circular arches, constructed of thin slate laniinre; and
includes portions which were used as the shire-hall and
the prison. The town-hall is a neat edifice of 1740. The
church is chiefly of the 14th century; has an early Eng-
lish tower, with a decorated octagonal lantern and spire;
has also a fine E window; and contains a curious oc-
tagonal sculptured font, and several old monuments. A
weekly market is held on Friday; fairs are held on 31
March, 10 July, 4 Sept., and 13 Nov.; a cattle show is
held on 12 Dec; some business is done in tanning and
wool stapling; and trade is carried on in connexion with
neighbouring mines. — The parish comprises 110 acres.
Real property, £2,038; of wliich £23 ;ire on the riilway.
Pop., 1,017. Houses, 229. The manor belonged to the
Duchy of Cornwall ; was purchased, about the end of
last century, by the Earl of Mount Edgocnnibe; and was
conveyeil to the corporation. The liniig is a vicarage in
the diocese of Exeter, Value, £96. Patron, the Karl of
!Mount Edgecumbe. A House of Jlercy, about 4 a mile
from the town, was founded in 1862. The fine niin of
Restormel Castle crowns an eminence about 1 mile to
the N.
LOSTWITHIEL AND FOWEY RAILWAY, a rail-
way in Cornwall; from the Cornwall line near Lost-
witiiiel southward to Fowey. It was autli.-.rized in 1S62,
on a capital of £30,000 in shares and £10,000 in loans;
and is ^\ miles long.
LOTHEIIS. See LoDF.ns.
BOTHERS AND BOTHENHAMPTON, a liberty in
Bridport division, Dorset; containing the parLshes of
Loders and Bothenliam]itou.
LOTHERSDALE, a hamh-t in Cailton parish, and a.
chapelry l^:irtly also in Kildwick ii.v.i^li, \'. R. York-
shire. The hamlet lies 5 miles SW of .Ski])ton r. stiition,
and has a post-ofllce under Leeds. Tlie ch.ipeliy wa^ can-
LOTIIERTO.V CL'ilABERFORD.
203
LOUGHBOROLTGrf.
Btitiited in 1S40. Pop. in 1S61, 819. Houses, 170.
Pop. of ihi Carltoa portion, C-2t). Houses, 130. Tlio
lirinji is a Ti:ar3.:;e iu the diocese of Itipon. Value,
SVyy. Patron, the Vicar of Carlton. The church waj
l/uilt in 1^3i. There is a uatiuual school.
LOTHtRTON-CUM-ABERFORD, a township, with
a villi^-e, ii* Sherbunt parish, W. R. Yorkslure; 5 miles
.S o: Tadcaiter. Acres, 1,052. Real property, .£1,873.
P :»,, 547. Uoiises, 113. The manor, with Lotherton
Ki-1, belongs to Lord Ashtown. There is a chapel of
e^^e, an an:i?at structure, consisting of nave and chancel,
•vn:h a belfrv.
LOTHIN'OLAND, a hundred in Suffolk; united to
iivrroRD, ^'.-hich see. It lies betiveen the river Waveney
a:.i the co-ist; is bounded on the S by Lothiugland lake;
an 1 13 nearly all insulated- Lothingland lake is an inlet
■Rhi.-h has brren deepened, and forms the upper part of
Lo-restoft harb<j'jr.
LOTHWAITE. a liamlet in the lower part of the vale
of St. John, in Coinberland; 4 miles E of Keswick.
LOTON PAI;K, the seat of the baronet famUy of
Leighton, in Salop; 10 miles "WNW of Shrewsbury.
LOTTED FORD, a place in the S of Northumberland;
4} mi]es SSE of Bellingham.
LOTTISHAil, a t}-thing inDitcheat parish, Somerset;
2 niiles >' of Ca^tls-Cary. iieal propert}-, £1,661. Pop.,
LOLT>^"ATER, a village and a chapehy in High
■\Vjcombe parish, Bucks. The village stands on an
ariuent of the river Thames, adjacent to the Maiden-
i;;-a-l and Thaine railway, 3 miles SE of High Wycombe;
and Las a srarion on the railway, and a post-ofEce under
Hij;h Wycombe. The area and pop. of the chapelry are
rtr.imed ^riJi the parish. The manor- belongs to the
JDowager Lai}' Da.shwood. FlackwcU Heath commands
a eharming view of the valley of the Thames. There are
yi-:^r miili. The liWng is a Ticarago in the diocese of
Oxr'^rd. Value, £137. * Patrons, Trustees. The church
i= 2 good brick bnUding of 1791.
LOUGHBOROUGH, a town, a township, a parish, a
rub-distrl; t, and a district, in Leicester. Tlie town stands
on the Loughborough canal and on a branch of the river
S-iar, adjacent to the Jlidland railway, H mile S of the
l-ozndary with Notts, 11 NNW of Leicester, and ICJ SE
of D'rrby. It was visited by Henry Vlll. ; was desolated
hy the " sweating sicknes3"in 1557, and by the plague in
15o-t; numbers among its natives the naturalist Pulteny,
h^ru ia 17^0; and gave the title of Baron to Sir Edward
Ha^tiagi iix 1557,— to Henry, the second son of the f>arl
•:l Kuntirgdon, in 1643, ^and to Alexander Wedder-
bum, in 17S0. The title, in the first and second in-
stances, be-:-ame extinct ; and in the tiiird instance, has
descended to the Erirl of Rosslyn. Tlie town, in point
>A size and importance, ranks as the second in the county;
h received much stimulus to its trade and general con-
:-cqucnce from the enclosing and cultivating of Cham-
v.'XkI foris:, Mng to the S\V; and it has long been a
s<rat of ccnsiderable manufacture; but it latterly has some-
v.'aat declined- It is situated in the midst of a beautiful
triut of ctantry; it comprises one principal street, on the
'lint of communication between Leicester and Derby, and
a num";>er of smaller streets at riglit angles with the
priaripal one; it includes a large oblong market-place,
surrounded by good houses and elegant shops; and it has,
f-.c a f"t.sid'Table series of years, been undergoing
i;;.iterial improvement. The town-hall and corn c.'l-
ch.mge, in the market-place, is a handsome stone edifice,
erected in iSoti, at a cost of about £8,000. The town-
hail contains an apartment, called tlio Victoria-room,
used for i)tiblic a.ssemblies, and cajiable of seating COO
twrwns ; and contains also a lecture-room, a public
iibrar}', and a news-room. The corn exchange is at tlie
iv-ar ; i:nd is a well-lighted ai)artmont, SO feet long. The
p<^lice slaHou is a neat biick ediiice of 1800; and con-
tains a court room. The dispensaiy, in Baxter-gate, was
built iu 1362, at a cost of about £5,000; and is orua-
raeiit.il and convenient. The peniuinent library con-
t-.ius uriwanLi of 3,500 volumes. Tlie theatre was built
in 132-; and was sold to the Odd Fellows, to be used
as a meeting-hall. All Saints church i.s later English;
coni'iriscs nave, aisle, transept, and chancel, with a very
fine \V tower; and was restored in 1SC2, umlor the direc-
tion of G. G. Scott, at a cost of about £9,000. Em-
manuel church was built in 1S37; is in the decorated
English style; and comprises nave, aisles, and chancel,
witii a handsome tower. An Independent chapel is iu
Brook-side; a Particular Baptist chapel, iu Sparrow-
hill; two General" Baptist chapels, in B;ucter-gate and
Wood-gate; a V/esleyan chapel, in Leicester-road; a
Unitarian chapel, in Victoria-street; and the last was
built in 1865, is in the pointed style, and has a slated
spire 72 feet high. Tlic new cemetery lies on the road
to Leicester; and was foi-med in 1857, at a cost of about
£7,500. A convent is in Park -lane. The grammar
.school stands on the Leicester road; dates from 149S;
was rebuilt iu 1853, at a cost of £7,800; is a handsome
edifice, in the Tudor style, with an embattled tower; is
surrounded by beautiful grounds, which are open to the
inhabitants of the town; has £411 a-year from endow-
ment, and two exhibitions at Jesus college, Cambridge;
and had, for a pupd. Bishop Davys of Peterborough.
Four free schools, in different situations, are connected
with the grammar school, ordiaw from its endowments;
and there are two national schools. The workhouse has
capacity for 350 persons. The endowed charities amount
to £1,879; and they include £1,413, left in 1495 by
Burton to endow a chantiy, and now entirely appropri-
ated to education. The to^vn has a board of health;
is a seat of petty sessions and county courts, and
a polling-place; has a head post-office, + a railway sta-
tion with telegraph, four banking-offices, and several
good inns; and publishes two weekly newspapers. A
weekly market is held on Thursday; fairs for cheese, on
24 March and 30 Sept. ; and fairs for horses, cows, and
sheep, on 28 March, 25 April, Holy Thursday-, 12 Aug.,
and 13 Nov. Manufactures of hosiery, woollen thread
and bobbin-net lace are largely carried on ; and a con-
siderable trade exists in the transport of coal bj' the canal.
Real property of the town in 1S60, £40,000; of which
£5,853 were in the canal, £17 in iron-works, and .£800 in
gas-works. Pop. in 1351, 11,210; iu ISCl, 10,830.
Houses, 2,438.
The towmship is conterminato with the town. The
parish contains also the hauJets of Woodthorpe and
Knight-Thorpe. Acres, 5,460. Real property, £43, 6'j9.
Pop., 10,955. Houses, 2,460. The manor belonged to
Hugh lo Despenser; was given to Heniy Lord Beau-
mont; passed to the Hastingses; and was recently
sold by them. The ecclesiastical arrangement cuts tho
parish into two sections. All Saints and Emmanuel.
The Emmanuel section was constituted an ecclesiastical
parish in 1838, and had a pop. of 4,554 in 1861. Both
livings are rectories in the diocese of Peterborough. Value
of All Saints, £1,000;* of Emmanuel, £760.* Patron of
both, Emmanuel College, Cambridge. — The sub-district
contains also the parishes of Charley, DLshley-cum-
Thorpacre, Sheepshed, Bolton, Long Whattou, and
Hathern, and the extra-parochial tracts of Bardou and
Garendou. Acres, 20,400. Pop., 17,583. Houses, 3,965.
— The district comprehends also the sub-district of Leake,
containing the parishes of East Leake, West Leake,
Costock, Rempstone, Wysall, Thorpe-Bochart, Stanford-
iipon-Soar, Norraanton-upou-Soar, Sutton-Bonningtou-
St. Michael, Sutton-Bonnington-St. Ann, Willoughby-
on-the-Wolds, Wimeswold, and Prcstwold, — all, esce])t
the last two, electorally in Notts. Acres of the district,
45,550. Poor rates in 1803, £11,910. Pop. iu 1S5],
25,308 ; iu 1861, 24,210. Houses, 5,494. Marriages in
1863, 133; birtlis, 814,— of which 75 were illegitimate;
deaths, 539, — of which 225 were at ag.-s under 5 years,
and 13 at ages above 85. Marriages in the ten vears
1851-60, 2,032; birtlis, 8,357; deaths, 5,643. "Tho
]i!acesof worship, in 1351, were 20 of the Cluirch of Eng-
land, with 0,453 sittings; 3 of Independents, with 632
.s. ; 14 of Baptists, with 4,847 s.; 1 of Quakers, with 55
s.; 1 of Unitarians, with 100 s. ; 20 of Wesbyan M-tliod-
ists, with 3,834 .s.; 5 of Primitive Methodis'ts, with 9-:4
s, ; 1 of the New Church, «ith 35 s. ; 2 loidcliucJ, witlx
LOUGHBOROUGH.
204
LOUTH.
S'
SOO s. ; 3 of Latter Hay Saints, with 290 s. ; and 3 of
Eoman Catholics, with 99S s. The schools were 35
public day schools, with 2,597 scholars; 39 private day
schools, with 831 s.; 35 Sunday schools, with 4,312 s.;
and 2 e%'ening schools for adults, with 74 s.
LOUGHBOROUGH CANAL, a canal in the N of
Leicestershire; going from one part of the river Soar
near Barrow-upon-Soar, direct past Loughborough, to
another jiart of the river Soar; and communieatiug to
N and S with the river Trent and the Union canal.
LOUGHBOROUGH-PARK, a station on the South
London railway; between Clapham and Denmark-Hill.
LOUGHBOROUGH-ROAD, a station on the Metro-
olitan Extension railway; between Camberwcll-New-
'.oad and Brixton stations.
LOUGHOR (The), a river of South Wales. It rises
in the Jlynydd-Du mountains in Carmarthenshire; and
runs about 15 miles south-south-westward to the head of
the estuary called Burry river. It makes a fall, in one
place, of 19 feet; and it forms the boundary between
Carmarthenshire and Glamorganshire over about 8 miles
of the lower part of its course. Its name is properly
Llwchwr; and was corrupted first into Lloughor, next
into Loughor.
LOUGHOR, a small town, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict, in the district of Llanelly and county of Glamor-
gan. The town stands on the river Loughor and on the
Julian way, adjacent to the South Wales railway, 7 miles
WNW of Swansea; occupies the site of the Roman sta-
tion Leucarum; was once a place of considerable note,
but now is practically a mere village; had a castle of
Henry Beauchamp, built about 1100, taken by the
Welsh in 1150, and given by Edward II. to the Despen-
cers; retains a ruined square tower of the castle; is a
borough, nominally governed hy a portreeve and 12 al-
dermen, and uniting with Swansea, Neath, and Kenfigg
in sending a member to parliament; ranks as a sub-port
to Swansea; and has a station on the railway, and fairs
on 2 June and 10 Oct. A modern bridge takes the high-
way here across the river; and a bridge upwards of a ^ of
a mile long takes across the railway. The Spitty copper-
works are on the opposite bank, and give employment to
some of the inhabitants. Roman coins and other relics
have been found; and two small Roman camps are near.
Keal property of the town, £1,776 ; of wliich £100 are in
mines. Pop. in 1851. S21 ; in 1861, 876. Houses, 198.
• — The parish includes a considerable rural tract; and
comprises 3,539 acres of land, and 410 of water. Post-
town, Llanelly. Real property, £3,753 ; of which £600
are in mines. Pop. in 1851, 1,099; in 1861, 1,238.
Houses, 260. The property is not much divided. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
£180. Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church is
good. — The sub-district contains also Llangennech par-
ish and Benvick hamlet. Pop., 3,970. Houses, 783.
LOUGHRIGG, a hamlet in Rydal and Loughrigg.
township, Grasmere parish, Westmoreland; 2 miles W
of Ambleside. Loughrigg fell here is a mountain be-
tween the Rothay and the Brathay rivers; extends
about 2 miles north-north-westvvard, from Clappersgate
to Red Bank; rises to an elevation of 1,050 feet above
the level of Windermere; has a swollen, ridgy form, and
a tumulated, broken surface; is skirted by an intricate
series of rooks, knolls, woods, and dwellings, in pictur-
esque combinations; and commands, from its summit,
ono of the richest circles of view in tlio Lake region. A
spot halfway up its N side is that where Pastor and his
companions, in the ninth book of Wordsworth's "Ex-
cursion," are supposed to look upward to the sk)' and
mountain tops, and round the vale of Grasmere. Lough-
rigg tarn, a charming lakelet, whose batiks are partly
flaked with cottages and partly overhung by rockj- steeps,
lies under the W side of the fell, about f of a mile S of
Ked Bank ; and is the subject of some fine lines by Pro-
fes.-,or Wilson.
LOUGHTON, a village and a parish in Newport-Pag-
nell district, Bucks. The %-illage stands on VVatling-
sticct and the river Ouse, adjacent to the Northwestern rail-
Kay, 2} miles SSE of Wolverton r. station, and 3} SE of
Stony -Stratford; and has a post-office under Stony-Strat-
ford. The parish comprisr-s 1,620 acres. Ileal property,
£2,294. Pop., 386. Houses, 79. The property is
subdivided. The manor belongs to H. B. Whit worth,
Esq. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Oxford.
Value, £400.* Patron, Trinity College, Cambridge.
The church is chiefly later English and good ; consists of
nave, S aisle, and chancel, with W tower; and contains
tablets to the Crane and the Athawes families. There
are a Baptist chapel, ahandsome national school of 1866,
and charities £40.
LOUGHTON, a village and a parish in Epping dis-
trict, Essex. The -village stands on the E side of Ep-
ping forest, and on the Stratford and Ongar railway, 1
mile W of the river Roding, and 4 SSW of Epping ;
consists chiefly of one long street; and has a station
with telegraph" on the railway, a post-ofhce under Lon-
don NE, and a station of the metropolit.m police. The
parish comprises 3,170 acres. Real property, £7,971.
Pop. in 1851, 1,237; in 1861, 1,527. Houses, 303.
The property is much subdivided. The manor belonged
to Waltham abbey. Loughton Hall was a residence of
Queen Anne in her father's lifetime, and was destroyed
by fire in 1836. The living is a rectorj- in the diocese
of Rochester. Value, £518.* Patron, the Rev. J. W.
Slaitland. The old church stood nearly a mile from the
village; and only the chancel of it now remains. The
new church stands near the centre of the village ; was
buUt in 1846; and is in the Norman style, with a tower.
There are a Baptist chapel, national schools, a British
school, and charities £S3. The national schools were
rebuilt in 1864, and enlarged in 1865; and are in the
early English style.
LOUGHTON, a chapelry in Chetton parish, Salop;
under Brown-Clee hill, 7 m'iks N V of Cleobury-Morti-
mer r. station, and 9 NE of Ludlow. Post-town, Bridg-
north. Acres, 1,015. Rated property, £000. Pop.,
100. Houses, 18. The property is divided among a
few. The manor belongs to Viscount Boyne. The liv-
ing is annexed to the rectorj' of Chetton, in the dioeeso
of Hereford. The church is about 300 years old. There
is a national school.
LOUND, a hamlet in Witham-on-the-Hill parish,
Lincoln ; 2 miles SW of Bourn. Pop., with Toft ham-
let, 205. Houses, 49.
1..0UND, a township, with a village, in Sutton-cum-
Lound parish, Notts; adjacent to the river Idle, 3^ miles
N by W of East Retford. It has a post-office under
Retford. Eeal propertj-, £3,437. Pop., 458. Houses,
109. The property is divided chiefly among three. A
chapel of ease was buUt in 1859 ; and is a plain edifice.
LOUND, a parish, uith a village, in Mutford district,
Suffolk; near the coast, 2i miles NNE of Somerleyton r.
station, and 4.\ NNW of Lowestoft. Post-towu, Lowes-
toft. Acres, 1,264. Real property, £3,067. Pop., 466.
Houses, 95. The manor belongs to R. H. Reeve, Esq.
The Hall is the residence of J. K. Morse, Esq. The liv-
ing is a rectory in the diocese of Norwich. Value, £495.*
Patron; B. de JI. Dowson, E.sq. The church is chiefly
early English ; comprises nave, chancel, and porch, with
a round tower ; and contains sedilia, a piscin.a, a very
richly carved oak altar, a later English screen, ami a
sculptured octagonal font. Charities, £30.
LOUNDTHWAITE, a hamlet, 1 mile SW of Wig-
ton, in Cumberland.
LOUNT, a hamlet in Breedon-on-the-IIili parish,
I.icicester; 5J miles NE of Ashby-de-la-Zouch. There
are a collier}- and a pottery work.
LOUP-HOU3E, a hamlet in Cotherston township,
Romaldkirk parish, N. K. Yorkshire; 3} miles N\V of
Barnard-Ca.stle.
LOUTH, a town, a parisli, a sub-district, and a dis-
trict, in Lincrilnsliire. The town stands on the river
Ludd, the Louth canal, and the East Lincoln railway, at
the E foot of the Wolds, 25 miles ENE by E of Lincoln,
It was anciently called Luda, probably from the river
Ludd. It had, so early as 1139, a Cistortiau monastery,
called De Parco-lude, founded by Bishop Alexander, and
subordinate to Eouutaius abbey; and it was afterwards
LOUTfl.
205
LOUTH.
diiting^iishr-l fjr other monastic houses. It took an
arrive parr, i:i 1536, in the rebellion called " the Pil-
grimig-; o:' G.-ioe ; " and some of its lending men, in-
cl" Uxij i"s v>car, then fell victims to public justice. So
riony as 75 1 of its inhabitants were carried oil" by pla^^uo
in loai. PLilip, bishop of Ely, -vvas a native; and Ed-
ciuru the historian was I'.ing a resident. The .site and
th; ea-.-ir-^ns are favourable to health. A stratum of
c"iy <-r thdk luarl, fully 70 feet in depth, slopes from
tr.r Tvol'is beneath the town to the sea ; e.Ktendi several
Eiles to the 2S and to the S ; and is incumbent on a
stTjtuni of grav-rl, -syheuce supplies of water are obtained
by arteiiiii wells. Hills of hard chalk, capped by an
ar^LLlace-jUS soil, afford shelter on the W and the S; and
a woo>ie.i j.lain lies on the E. The town is upwards of a
laile in length, neat and well built; and has a number
c: st^er^s, rather irregidarly disposed, but well paved
aiil airy. The towrii-liall and police station, iu Eastgate,
is a Tileasing lirje edifice, of brick and stucco, erected in
I J54; ar i conraius a spacious and lofty assembl3--room;
let sr^nii in a crowded locality, closely impacted with
other buildings, and approached through narrow streets.
A n:ark€r-hou?-e, with a brick tower, was founded in Aug.
1566. The sessions-house and house of correction, for a
division of the county, wiv. erected in 1S26-7; and is a
cccim-'iiotis biulding, with a fine Roman-Doric portico.
F^rT of it is a county police station; and the house of
c-o— ecrionhasvapacityforesprboners. The corn-exchange
Wis built in 1 ?53, at a cost of about £6,000; has a stone
front ; and is neat and convenient. The savings' bank,
in 'Easi;p.zi, was built in 1360 ; and is in the decorated
Tiinte-l style, of brick with stone dressings. The rail-
vz-T Station is a very handsome structure. Public sub-
scription, news, and billiard rooms are in the corn mar-
ket,' and are well supplied \rith newspapere. A mechan-
ics' instirurion is in Upgate; includes a well-supplied
reilLng-r.>ji!i ; and has a library of about 5,000 volumes.
TLi ancient monasteries and two ancient churches have
disitipeare-l. 6t. James' church is fine later English;
Co:nr.:i5<:3 nave, aisles, and chancel, with lofty tower
and "spire; has a seven-li^ht E window, with reraark-
a;-!y bcautiliJ tracerj-; end was restored partly in 1S46,
Liore extensively in 1869. The aute-churth, at tiie
"W end, contains a beautiful recent canopied iiionu-
laent, in Caen .stone, to W. Alison, Esq. The tower
is of four stories, and crowned by four octa^ional
turrets. The spire was blown down"iu 1G34, and re-
stored by Tnmer; it rose originally to the height of
260 lee: from the ground, and rises now to the lieight of
2Si fee;; and it is octagonal and crocketted, and is sup-
ported by liying buttresses. Trinity church was origi-
r;illy a brick structtire of 1S34, with an octagonal tower;
i.-: was rebuilt iu 1S6G; and is now a structure of Au-
Ci^ter stone, in the early English style, comprising nave,
ai-sles, c^nl chancel, with iS'W tower. St. Jlichael's church
vaj bsilt in 1S63; is in an Italianized variety of the
trst j-ointid style, exteriorly of stone, interiorly of
pc.vjhromaric brick; and has a Galilee porch, an ela-
t-'.nite reredos, and a bell -turret. There are chapels
for InieT)endent3, Baptists, ^\'esleyans, Primitive Mo-
ti'-iists. United Free Methodists, and Roman Catholics.
T;;<: free grammar .school «-as founded by Edward VI. ;
a.:.jnirei L'.ndvime rvnd spacious new buiidings in 1869;
is aiso<:Lited \sTth altns-houses for twelve poor women ;
Las an endowed income of about £1,150; and gives a
gratuitous clj----ical education to all the children of the
jirish. The Commercial school was founded in 1676,
by Dean .ilaplctoft ; and has an endowed income of
a'oout £145. A national school for boys is in West-
gi:e: a l<>ys', girls', and infants' school, in one group,
L- i.ear Trmity church; a nivKed school, under a mis-
tr-u-s, is in S. Michael-street; a national school for
^•irls and infants Ls in Engiucgate; a British school fur
toys avA gir'.s is in Kidgate ; a Church of England
tr<>e evening school, established in 1550, aud atteiulcd
by about '2i<) a iulu and young persons, is in North-
L-at^; aud a 'Wesleyan school, a neat brick edifice of
l-5i, ii iu New-market. Tlie workliouse stands on
the >' side of the town; was elected iu 1337, at
a cost of £0,000; and has capacity for about 300 in-
niate.'i. Tlio amount of endowed charities, including
that for the schools, is about £1,678. The new cemetery
lies on the London road; was formed iu 1S54 ; comprises
about 10 acres ; and contains two chapels, for respectively
Churchmen and Dissenters. The town has a head po.st-
oflice,* a telegraph station, two banking-olhces, aud fi.ur
chief inns; and is a seat of pietty sessions, quarter session.-!,
aud county' courts, and a polling-])lace. A weeklj- niarket,
chictly for com, is held on Wednesday; another weekly
market is held on Saturday; markets for sheep are held
on everj' Friday in spring and autumn; a fat stock market,
at Quarry-hiU, is held on every alternate Friday through-
out the year; and fairs for sheep, cattle, and horses are
held on 30 April, the Friday before IS Sept., the Friday
before 28 Oct., and 23 Nov. There are a carj>ct manu-
factory; several tanneries, iron foundries, anl agricul-
tural implement mauulactories; and establishments for
malting, brewing, rope-making, bone-crushiug, linie-
buming, and brick-making. Tiie towTi was chartered
by Edward VI. ; and is governed, under the new act, by
a mayor, 6 aldermen, and IS councillors. Real property
in 1860, £40,113; of which £103 were in quarries, and
£625 in gas-works. Pop, in 1861, 10,560. Houses,
2,400. A railway to Lincoln was authorized in 1866.
The parish contains also the township of Louth Park.
Acres, 3,620. Real property, £41,091. Pop., 10,667.
Houses, 2,423. The head liWng, or that of St. James,
is a rectory, and the livings of Trinity and St. Michael
are vicarages, in the diocese of Lincoln. Value of St.
James, £600;* of Trinity and St. Michael, each £200.*
Patron of St. James and of Trinit)-, the Bishop of
Lincoln; of St. Slichael, the Rector of Loutli. — —
The sub-district contains abo the parishes of Legbourue,
Little Cawthorpe, JIuckton, Burwell, Ruckland, AVor-
laby, Oxcombe, Farforth, Haugham, Tathwell, Raithby-
cum-Maltby, Withcall, Hallington, Stewton, Kedding-
ton, Braokeuborough, Little Grimsby, Fothcrby, Utterby,
North Elkington, South Elkington, and "\Velton-le-'\yold.
Acres, 33,555. Pop., 14,442, Houses, 3,190. — Thedis-
trict comprehends also the sub-district of Witheni, con-
taining the parishes of Walmsgate, Swaby, South Thores-
by, Belleau, Aby, Saleby, Beesby-in-the-Marsh, Hannah,
Trusthorpc, JIablethorpe-St. Mary, Mablethorpe-St.
Peter, Maltby-le-iLir^h, Strubby, Withern, Gaj-ton-le-
Marsh, Tothiil, Auth'^rpc, Reston, aud North Reston,
and the extra-])arochial tract of Haugh; the sub-distrijt
of Binbrooke, containing the parishes of Stenigot, Don-
iugton-upoii-Bain, Biscuhorpe, Gayton-le-Wold, Burgii-
upon-Bain, South Willingham, Haiuton, Ludiord- Magna,
Ludford - Parva, Calcethorpe, Kelstern, Binbrooke,
Wyham-with-Cadeby, and North Ormsby, and the extiu-
parochial tracts of Griniblethorpe and East "Wykehain;
the sub-district of SaltQeet, containing the j^arishes of
Alvinghani, North Cockerington, South Cookerington,
Grimoldhv, Manby, Little Cariton, Great Cariton, Castle-
Cariton, Thcddlethorpe-St. Helen, Theddlelhorpe-.Ul
Saints, Saltfleetby-All Saints, Saltlleetby-St. Clement,
Saltfleetby-St. Peter, Skidbrook-with-Saltfleet-Haveu,
South Somercotes, North Somercotes, and Conisholme ;
and the sub-district of Tetney, containing the parishes of
Yarborough, Covenham-St. Mary, Covenham-St. Bar-
tholomew, Grainthorpe, ilarsh-Chapel, North Coatos,
Tetney, Fulstow, Ludborongh, North Thoresby, Grains-
by, Waith, and Holton-le-Clay. Acres, 170,708. Poor-
rates in 1863, £1S,319. Pop. in 1851, 33,402; in 1S61,
34,711. Houses, 7,409. ]\Iarriages in 1S63, 235; birth.s,
1,195,— of which lOS were illegitimate; deaths, 660,— of
wliich 211 were at ages under 5 years, and 18 at ages
above 85. Marriages in the ten years 1S51-60, 2,659;
birth.s, 11,544; deaths^ 6,810. The places of worship,
in 1851, were 81 of the Church of England, with 13,339
sittings; 1 of Independents, witli 610 s.; 5 of Baptists,
with 1,450 s. ; 52 of Wesleyan Methodists with S,660 s.;
23 of Primitive Methodist's, with 3,296 s, ; and 2 of
Roman Catliolics, with 380's. • The schools were 37 ['U'l-
lic day-schools, with 2,833 scholars; 75 private dav-
schooLs, with 1,419 s. ; 63 Sunday .schools, with 3,377 s". ;
aud 3 evening schools for adults, witli 49 s.
LOUTH CANAL.
205
LOWESTOFT.
LOUTH CANAL, a canal in Lincolnshire; com-
mencing at the town of Louth, and going 14 miles north-
north-eastward to the mouth of tiie Hunibcr at Tetney
lock. It was formed in 1761-3, at a cost of £23,000; it
has a fall of 56i feet; and it gives water-communication
from Louth to "Hull, and to all the ramifications from
the Humher.
LOUTH ESKE, a wapentake in the parts of Lindsey
in Lincoln ; cut into two divisions, marsh and wold.
The m. div. contains the parish of Alvingham. and fifteen
other parishes. Acres, 30,889. Pop. in 1851, 5,183.
Houses, 1,082. The w. div. contaiua the parish of Au-
thorpe, and twenty-one other parishes. Acres, 37,219.
Pop. in 1851, 3,504. Houses, 645. Pop. of both iu
1861, 8,791. Houses, 1,827.
LOUTH PARK, a township in Louth parish, Lincoln;
1.^ mile NE of Louth. Real property, £1,578. Pop.,
107. Houses, 23.
LOVEDALE, a township in Penkridge parish, Stafford-
shire; near the river Penk, 6 miles S of Stafford.
LOVEDEN, a wapentake in the parts of Kesteven,
Lincoln; containing Ancaster parish, and twentj--t\vo
other parishes. Acres, 74,237. Pop. in 1851,18,096;
in 1S61, 14,600. Houses, 3,141.
LOVEL.\ND. See Le.a.vel.'^nd.
LOVENTIUM. See Llanio.
LOVERS ALL, a parish, with a village, in Doncaster
district, W. R. Yorkshire; 34 miles SSW of Doncaster
r. station. Post-to\vn, Doncaster. Acres, 2,122. Real
property, £2,660. Pop., 175. Houses, 32. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. The manor belongs to
5lrs. C. E. Cooke. St. Catherine's, a fine mansion in
the later English style, is the seat of the Rev. R. .1.
Banks; and Loversall Hall is the residence of H. Hunts-
man, Esq. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
York. Value, i;60. Patron, the Vicar of Donca.ster.
The church is earlj- and decorated English, with a plain
tower; was partly rebuilt in 1855; and contains an
efTigies of a knight, and several modem monuments.
LOVER'S LEAP, a precipice in a dale on the river
"Wye, in Derby; 2 miles E of Buxton. It adjoins an inn of
its own name; rises boldly to a great height; and v.-as the
scene of a wild attempt at suicide in 1760, on the j'art of
a young woman.
LOVESOME-HILL, a village in Hutton - Bonville
chapelry, Birkby parish, N. R. Yorkshire; SJ- mUes N of
Northallerton.
LOVESTON, a parish in Narberth district, Pem-
broke; 5 miles SSW of Narberth, and 6.^ NW of Tenby
r. station. Post-town, Narberth. Acres, 1,233. Real
property, £736. Pop., 122. Houses, 26. The property
is divided among a few. Anthracite is found. The liv-
ing is a rectory in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
£113. Patron, Baron de Rutzen. The church Ls good.
LOVETON, a village in Meavy parish, Devon; 6J
miles SE of Tavistock.
LOVETTS-END, a hamlet in the W of Herts; 2 miles
NNE of Hemcl-Hempstead.
LOVINGTON, a parish, with a vUIage, in Winfanton
district, Somerset; near the river Brue, 3 miles WSWof
Castle-Cary r. station, and 10 SWof Wincanton. Post-
town, Ciistle-Cavy, under Bath. Acres, 822. Real pro-
pertv, with Wiieathill and Alford, £3,793. Rated pro-
perty of L. alone, £1,140. Pop., 239. Houses, 53.
The property is divided among a few. The manor be-
longs to J. "Tidcombe, Esq. The living is a vicarage in
the diocese of Bath and Wells. Value, £76.* Patrons,
the Dean and Chapter of Wells. Tlie church was farly
English, — of nave and chancel, with a tower; and the
tower was rebuilt in 1801,— the rest in 1864. There are
a national school, and ciiarities £15.
LOW, a hamlet in Wolverlcy parish, Worcester; 2
miles N of Kidderminster.
LOW ABBOTSIDE, &c. See ArnoTsinE (Low), &c.
LOWDHAjI, a village, a township, and a parish in
Soutliwell district, Notts. The village stands on an
affluent of the river Trent, adjacent to the Nottingham
and Lincoln railway, 5.^ miles S.SW of Southwell; and
has a station on the railway, and a post-office under
Nottingham. — The township includes the village and ex-
tends into the countr}-. Real property, £4,042. Pop.,
868. Houses, 184. — The parish contains also the town-
ships of Caythorpe and Gunthorpe. Acres, 3,010. Real
property, £7,840. Pop. in 1851, 1,596; in 1861, l,5u3.
Houses, 327. The property is subdivided. The manor
belongs to P. S. Broughton, Esq. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £270.* Patron,
Earl JIanvers. The church is old, was recently re-
stored, and has a tower and small spire. There are
chapels for Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists, a
national sclrool, and charities £4.
LOWDHAM, Norfolk. See Ludhjvm.
LOW DINSDALE. See Dix.sdale (Low).
LOWDORE, a locality, with a famous waterfall, on
the E side of iJerwent-water, in Cumberland; 3 miles S
of Keswick. A good inn is here ; forms a fine centre for
excursions by lake or land; and furnishes pleasure parties
with boats and vehicles. The waterfall is approached
behind the inn; occurs in a profound wide chasm, be-
tween the picturesque heights of Gowder-Crag and Shep-
herds-Crag; is an intricate series of little cascades and
cataracts, split and disjoined by numerous boulders;
makes an aggregate descent of about 360 feet; and, in a
high flood, becomes tumultuous, furions, and grand,
emitting a muffled thunderous sound, audible at the dis-
tance of 3 miles. A whimsical rhyming description of
it was written by Southey for the nursery. The best
view-point of the chasm is the top of a cliff, reached by
a climb round Shepherds-Crag; and commands, at tha
same time, an extensive brilliant prospect over part of
Derwent-water, and northward to Bassonthwaite and
Skiddaw. =
LOWE, a township in Stottesden parish, S.ilop; 54
miles N of Cleobury-ifortimer. Pop., 10.
LOWE, a township, conjoint with Ditehes, in AVcni
parish, Salop ; 1 mile NW of Wem.
LOWE, a townsliip in Leek parish, St.id'ord; 1 mile
ESE of Leek.
LOWE (The), a to\vnship in Worfield parish, Salop; on
ail affluent of the river Severn, 3 miles NE of Bridgnorth.
LOWER, a hamlet in Conwil-Cayo parish, Carmar-
then; 74 miles NW of Llandovery. Pop., 733.
LOWER ALLITHWAITE, &c. See Allitiiw.^ite
(Lower), &c.
LOWERLANE. See Castleton, Lancashire.
LOWER PARK, a township in Diddlebury pari.sh,
Salop; 64 miles N of Ludlow. Pop., 26.
LOWERPLACE. See Castleton, Lancashire.
LOWER RADBOURN, &c. See RADBorr..v (Loweu),
'^ LOWER STREET, a hamlet in the SE of Suffolk; on
the river Orwell, 7.i miles SE of Ipswich.
LOWER SWELL, &c. See Swell (Lower), &c.
LOWESBY, a township and a parish in Billesdon dis-
trict, Leicester. The township lies 3| miles N l)y E of
Billesdon, and 7i ESE of Sj'ston r. station. Real pro-
perty, £2,502. Pop., 121. Houses, 20. The parish
contains also the township of Cold Newton; and its post-
town is Billesdon, under Leicester. Acres, 2,350. Real
property, £4,945. Pop., 259. Houses, 46. The pro-
perty is divitled among a few. The manor, with Lowesby
Hall, belongs to Sir 1'. T. Towke, I'art. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Peterborough. Value, iJlOo.
Patron, Sir F. T. Fowke, Bart. The chnrcli is ancient
but good, and has a tower. Charities, £16.
LUWESTOET — popularly Laystoff— a town, a par-
ish, and a sub-district, in !Mutford district, Suffolk.
The town stands on the most easterly ground in Eug-
hind, on the summit and slopes of ln-,v cliffs, at the
inlet of Lake Lothing from the .sea, and at the ter-
minus of two branehes of the Great Eastern railway
system, 94 miles S by E of Yarmouth. It was known
at Domesday as Lothu-Wistoft, signifinng the toft or
cluster of houses by the Loth or slow river. But the
name is understood by some as a corruption of "Loth-n'a
Gistoft," signifying " the guest-house of Lothen;" .aid
is presumed, by tlinse who so uii'lei'stand it, to indi-
cate that the site of the town wa5 made a colonv for
LOWESTOFT.
207
LOWESTOFT.
Dan.-s by I.ot!i';n nnil lilinj,', fvftnr tlic cuiKi'.icst of Esst-.x
i:. lU-17. A coiiiulcraMo scat of popiilatioii was hero be-
fore tho oloiu of till' ItJtli century; was visited by plague
i.\ Vi'j" ; and sulfercd a loss by fire, estimated at
i.'lv.'2i7, in 1645. Cromwell entered it, in 1613, at the
l:-.-.".! of l.O'.'O cavalry; and, seizing a few of the principal
inhabitants, sent t'.iem prisoners to Cambridge. A great
sri-fi>;!it uccurred adjacent to it in IGiiS, between an
EMi.'Iiili Ccet of 111 ship* under the Duke of York and a
Dutch hect of 100 ships under Admiral Optam; was seen
hy die inliabitants from the cliffs; and terminated in the
de.'or.t of the Dutcli, with a loss of eighteen shins taken
a^'.l f jjiteeu burnt or sunk. George II. landed here in
1735, and was much imperilled through the unskilful
dri\"ing of an inhabitant who volunteered to act as coach-
iii.in; and J. Adams landed here in 1784, as the first
arubassador from the United States. Captain Arnold,
who took tropliies from a Spanish man-of-war. Admiral
Sir Thomas Allen, who captured the Smyrna licet in the
time of the Coinmouwealth, Sir Andrew Leake, who fig-
ured in the CMpturc of Gibraltar, Sir John Ashby, Ad-
Jriiral Uther, Admiral J[ighell, and Lord-Chief-Justice
Holt wer»; natives ; Baron Alderson and Dr. AVhewell
wf.re frequent residents; and William AVhiston, Professor
of .Math.iuiatics at C'ombridge, John Tanner, the editor
of his brother's "Xotitia ilonastica," Eobert Potter,
the transl.-itor of jEschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides,
T. Scnpe, who became bishop of Dromore, and Hudson,
v."ho is epirajihed as "your painful minister," were
incTmbents.
The town, till about 1S30, continued to be a mere fish-
ins village; bat it acquired great impetus, first from the
formatio'.i of an inner harbour, next from the opening of
the railway; and it now is a head-port, a favourite wator-
iiig-plao.. iad. a seat of thriving general trade. Its site
is a gently curved promontory, at the S extremity of a
range, of cliQ's extending along the E side of Lothing-
land; and contests with Easton-Nessthe claim of having
been tb'; Roman E.^teasio Promontorium. The brow of
the ridge is covered with houses, and commands an ex-
tensive Wew of the ocean; the seaward slope is disposed
ia hanging gardens cr terraces, diversified with trees;
a low tract, with a maximum width of C60 yards, and
designated the Denes, intervenes between the slope and
tha sea, and is partly occupied by an extensive line of
buildings for the curing of fish; and another lino of clilfs
risrs on the S side f>f the inner harbour, within Ivirkley
parish, stretches away to the S, and is subtended sea-
ward by a shoal about a J of a mile broad, called the
P.ikefieid flats, and believed to be the vestige of a siib-
merged tract of land. The High-street is about a mile
long, extends from N to S, and is lined with brick houses
and well-paved. Smaller streets open into it on the W
side; and se.veral winding roads and flights of steps lead
iluwn from it on the E. South Lowestoft, situated partly
in Kirkley parish, is a new town and the fashionable quar-
ter. The Marine-terrace, with a row of handsome semi-
detached houses, the Muiine-paradc, with neat villas, the
AWllington Terrace, Denmark-road, and London-road are
th-; favourite residences. An esplanade 800 yards long,
aui the South pier which joins the esplanaib', form a pro-
menade of great beauty. The Koyal hotel, an establish-
ment of first-class character, is in South Lov/cstoft.
The Marii;e-terrace adjoins the Batterj^-greon and the.
Bath-house; and neat villas front the South bat-
tery. That b ittcry is now a coast-guard station ; and
the Lower battery and the North battery, onco having
respectively t> and -1 guns, are now dismounted. Keniains
of a Xonnan tiypt are under a brewery in High-street;
and a fi-agment of a Tudor building, of the time of Henry
VII., is near Swan-lane. A house on the K side of Iligh-
btroet, now a juintiiig-oflice, but formerly an inn, w.as
thi; head-qu.irters of Cromwell in 1(M3. A new addition
to the town wa.s undertaken in the hitter part of lS6.i;
to be constructed on a tract of about 9 acres on the
N'orth Comni'-'U ; to comprise first-class mansions and
villas along an espbuiade .')7 feet wide, on the summit of
:he cliff; to include a C.othic clock-tower, vitli reading
and lounging rooms; and to avoid all inti.iference with
the bold and j'icturesque nature of the slojies, but to pro-
vide npon them .suitaljle walks and scats.
The old town-hall, in High-street, was a very unsight-
ly building. Tlie new town-hali was erected in 1860; is
in the Italian style, of very pleasing appearance; is sur-
mounted, in the centre of an attic, by a carved stone
panel of the town arras; and has, at the SE corner, a
campanile, v.dth illuminated clock. A public hall, with
accommodation for about 1,750 persons, was projected in
1S()9. The assembly-rooms, in Crown-street, are hand-
some; and there are a theatre, a public library, and a
mechanics' institute. .St. llargaret's church stands about
i a mile W of the. town; is later ilnglish, built by the
prior of St. Bartholomew, in London; comprises nave,
aisles, and chancel, with a tower and spire 120 feet high;
stands over a crypt; was about to bo restored in 1SG9;
and contains a figured stone font, three br.isses, and
monuments of distinguished n.ativcs and incumbents.
St Peter's church, a chapel of ease, stands near the old
m.arket; and was built, in 1823, at a cost of i::3,400. St
John's church stands in South Lowestoft, opposite thj
Eoyal hotel; was built in 1S54, at a cost of £5,600; is a
cruciform structure, in the decorated English style; and
has a tower and spire 140 feet high. Christ church
is on the Beach ; was erected in 1SG9 ; and is in the
early English style. An Independent chapel is in
London-road; two Baptist chapels are in London-road
and Tonning-street; a Wesleyan chapel is in High-street;
a Primitive Methodist chapel is on the North -beach ; a
United Free Methodist chapel is in High-street; and a
Sailors' place of worship is in Commercial-road. The Wes-
leyan chapel was built in 1S63, at a cost of £2,o00; is in
the Italian style, of white brick with Caen stone dressings;
and contains 1,250 sittings. Annott's and Wilde's
schools have endowments of respectively £34 and £72
a-year ; and the former dates from 1571. National
schools are in Jlariner's-score ; a British school is in
London-road ; two infant schools are in Higii-street ; ami
a mixed school and an infant school are in a part called
the Brickfields. The Mutford and Lothinglan.i infirmary
is in Lowestoft; and, at the census of 1661, li.ad 12 in-
mates. Six alms-houses were recently erected for six of
the poorest master fishermen. The tadowed charitie-i
amount to £463 a-ytar. The town h.as high attractions
and fine capabilities as a bathing-place. The beach con-
sists of hard firm sand, slightly intermixed v.ith shingle;
and there are bathing machines and baths. The death-
rate is only 17 per 1,000, or S loss than the aveiaga
death-rate of London. The local walks, in spite of the
presence of a fishery trade and commerce, arc very fine.
" From Marine-terrace, passing the railway station and
the Battcry-greon, with its rc.ai ling-room, and in view of
the low lighthouse and Stanford tloating-beacon, and pro-
ceeding by the shore to the part beyond the high light-
house, the visitor will observe the harbour and piers, the
fish-houses, denes, and the picturesiiue quarter of the fish-
ermen and pilots, and will reach the Itavine, a chasm in the
clilfs which admits a fine view of the sea, with the ships in
the ofiing, at this point ordinarily standing in close to the
land to avoid the shoals and sands that beset this coast."
A pretty water-tower in the Italian style is observable in
the walk. The clilfs and the beach further from the
town offer excellent scope for the rambles of invalids,
combine the attractions of good close views and exten-
sive sea-prospects, and form an interesting study to
geologists. The clfects of slow sea erosion may be largcdy
observed; and fossils of elephants, rliinocerosc.s, hippopo-
tami, .stags, molluscs, saurians, and other animals, have
been found. The very views from the town's own ter-
races and streets, perched as it is on and around ti-.e
most easterly promontory of England, arc not a little in-
spiriting.
" Entb.roned upon an ancient hill it rests ;
Caliuly it litis its time-worn head, and first
Oi all'old England's busy towns uplifts
Its orisons and greets the rising ^lor^;.'■
TiiC ancient harbour was at the nutlet of Like Lolhing,
was never of much value, and eventually became ob-
LOWESTTOF.
203
LOWICK.
structed. A mound of sand gradually formed between
the lake and the sea, and occasioned deep lloodiugs of
the low lands by spring tides. The lake extends fully
2 miles westward, with narrow width, to within a mile
of the river "Waveney; ami covers about 161 acres. A
■work was undertaken in 18'27 to form tlie lake into an
inner harbour, and to cut a ship canal thence to the
AV'aveney and toward Norvich; and was completed in
1831, at a cost of £87,000. The inner harbour is 2
miles long, has 3,000 feet of wharfage, aud can accom-
modate vessels of 400 tons at any time of the tide. An
outer harbour, or harbour of refuge, was authori2ed, to-
gether with the railwa)-, in 1845; is divided from the
inner harbour by a ship-lock 50 feet wide ; faces the
SE; is formed of two piers of timber and stone-work,
rising 14 feet above high-water mark; encloses 21 acres,
with a depth of 20 feet, and a width of 800 feet; and has
an entrance 160 feet ^ride, between circular pier-heads,
each surmounted by a lighthouse showing a red light.
The S pier is 1,300 feet long, and 28 feet wide; aud is
defended by a parapet, aud used as a promenade. The
N pier first runs eastward to a length of 700 feet, then
goes south-eastwai-d to a length of 300 feet, then goes
southward to another length of 300 feet; has a width of
30 feet; and is furnished with cattle-sheds and a double
tramway. The dry dock was formed at a cost of £10,000;
measures 260 feet in length, 70 feet in width, and 17
feet in detith; and is furnished with a steam factory.
The high lighthouse stands on a point a little N of the
town; is a circidar brick structure, 40 feet high and 20
feet in diameter; and was built in 1676, partly rebuUt
in 1778, and improved in 1825 and 1840. The low
lighthouse stands on the beach of the Denes; is built of
timber; and can be removed from spot to spot, to suit
changes which are continually taking place in the fair-
way by shifting of the .sands. Vessels entering the fair-
way bring the lights into line. A new lighthouse wa.3
erected in 1866, on the Ness point, at a cost of more
than £7,000; consists almost wholly of boiler-iron work,
resting on hidden tubes deeply embedded in the sand, aud
defended by a granite pitching; and has a bell which is
sounded every nuuute in foggy weather. A floating light
is on the Stanford sand, outward from the harbour ; and
a gong is sounded during foggy weather. Roadsteads,
called the N and the S roads, are sheltered by sand-
banks, called the Corton and the Newcorae sands; and
they sometimes, in stormy weather, have at anchor so
many as 700 vessels. The vessels belonging to the port,
at the beginning of 1864, were 162 small sailing-vessels,
of aggregately 3,784 tons; 45 large sailing-vessels, of ag-
gregately 4,379 tons; 4 small steam-vessels, of aggre-
gately 70 tons; and 2 large steam-vessels, of jointly 569
tons. The vessels which entered in 1863, were 67 Brit-
ish sailing-vessels, of aggregately 7,228 tons, from for-
eign countries ; 92 foreign sailing-vessels, of aggregately
14,803 tons, from foreign countries; 7 British steam-
vessels, of aggregately 3,117 tons, from foreign countries;
706 sailing-vessels, of aggregately 62,714 tons, coast-
wise; and 52 steam-vessels, of aggregately 13,296 tons,
coastwise. The vessels v/hich cleared in 180-3, were 24
British sailing-vessels, of aggregately 1,577 tons, to for-
eign countries ; 37 foreign sailing-vessels, of aggregately
8, 165 tons, to foreign countries; 1 British steam-vessel,
of 147 tons, to foreign countries; 146 sailing-vessels, of
aggregately 8,426 tons, coastwise; and 8 steam -vessels,
of aggregately 1,720 tons, coastwise. The amount of
customs in 1862 was £3,605; in 1867, £-3,080.
The herring aud n.ackerel fisheries are a chief source
of the commerce. The herring fishery begins about a
fortnight before Michaelmas, and continues till Jlartin-
mas; aud the mackwel tjshery is carried ou from ilay
till the middle of July. The catch of mackerel, in 1S02,
was only 30,000; but, in 1853, was 30,750,000, valued
at £10,000. The vessels employed in the fisheries are
ebout 25 luggers, each of from 40 to 50 tons, and about
50 boats, each of from 20 to 25 tons ; and the nets, to-
gether with those of Yarmouth, are computed to have an
ag;^-cgate length of about 200 mile.s. The fish-market
adjuius the harbour- is an extensive range of buildings;
and serves for receiving the fish at landing, for the .sale
of them by auction, and for the despatch of tliem to
neighbouring curing-houses, and to London nnd other
places by railway. The corn-market is held at th.; as-
sembly rooms. Ship-buLl.ling, boat-building, sail-mak-
ing, rope-making, oilcake-making, and the working of
oil and flour mills are carried on. The towu has a head
pobt-oflice; in High-street, a receiving post-olticoj in
South Lowestoft, a telegraph station at the liarbour, a ■
police station in London-road, a cuitoni-liouse near the
harbour, four banking-offices, and six hotels or chief
inns; enjoys exemption from jury -service, in conseciuence
of being part of an ancient royal demesne; is a seat of
petty sessions and county courts; and publishes tvvo
weekly newspapers. Its limits, as defined by a local im-
provement act of 1854, comprise the parishes of Lowes-
toft and Kirkley. Pop. in 1851, 6,580; in 1361, 10 663.
Houses, 2,290.
The parish of Lowestoft comprises 1,435 acres of land,
and 200 of water. Real property, £33,258; of which
£300 are in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 6,781; in 1861.
9,534. Houses, 2,051. The chapelry or ecclesiastical
parish of St. John was formed out of a section of the par-
ish in 1854, and had a pop. of 2,829 in ISol; and an-
other chapelry, called Christchurch, was constituted in
1860. The head living is a rectory, that of St. J. is a
vicarage, and that of C. is a p. curacy, in the diocese of
Norwich. Value of the rectory, £350;* of each of the
p. curacies, £300.* Patron of the rectory, the Bishop
of Norwich; of the two chapelries. Trustees. — The sub-
district excludes Kirkley parish, hut includes nine other
parishes. Acres, 13,927. Pop., 12,952. Houses, 2,778.
LOWES-WATER, a parochial chapelry and a lake in
Cockermouth district, Cumberland. Tiie chapelry lies
7 mUes S of Cockermouth r. station; has a jiost-olhco
under Cockermouth ; contains the hamlets of Mocker-
kin and Sosgill; impinges on Crummock-water; and
owns St. Bees for its mother parisli. Acres, 6,473.
Real property, £2,220. Pop., 392. Houses, S3. The
property is much subdivided. Jiluch of the surface is
upland; and a large proportion is pictures(|ue. Lead
ore occurs in the hills, and Lydiau stune is found. Thu
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Carlisle. Value,
£49.* Patron, the Earl of Lonsdale. The church was
rebuilt in 1827 ; and occupies the site of an ancient
chapel, founded by a prior of St. Bees. There are a
parochial school, and charities £12. — ^I'he lake lies on
the SW side of the chapelry, in a vale projecting laterally
westward from the head of the vale of Lorton, and flanked
on the N side by Low fell, on the S side by Blake fell; is
about a mile long, less than 4 a mile wide, and about 60
feet deep; sends its superflnence 14- mile to Ciiimmock-
water; and shares in that lake's mountain scenery.
LOW FELL, a station on the Team Valley railway,
Durham; 24 miles SW of Gateshead.
LOWFIELD, a hamlet in Bowes township and par-
ish, N. R. Yorkshire; 5^ miles SW of Barnard-Castle.
LOWFOLD, a hamlet in Bolton township, Calverley
parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 2 miles N of Bratlt'ord.
LOW FOREST. See Fop.pzst (Low).
LOW GILL, a railway station in Westmoreland; on
the Lanca.'>ter and Carlisle railway, at the junction of the
Ingleton railway, 16| miles NNE of Milnthorpe. It has
a telegraph office.
LOWHAND. See Lowside.
LOW HATCH, a hamlet in the SW of Essex ; 3^
miles W bv N of J3rentwood.
LOW liOLME. See Holme (Low).
LOW HOUSES, a hamlet on the SW border of Dur-
ham ; on the river Tees, 11 miles NW of Baniard-
Castle.
LOWICK, a township-chapelry in Llverstone parish,
Lancashire; on the river Crake, 5 miles N of Ulverstone
r. station. Post-town, Newton-in-Cartmel. Acres, 1,900.
Real property, £2,382. Pop., 463. Houses, 86. Tli«
projierty is much subdivided. The manor belongs to
the Gaskarth family. Lowick Bridge, ^ of a mile N of
the church, comiuands a fine viev,- of Conistou-water and
C'oniaton-folls. The living is a vicarage iu the diocese
LOVriCE.
209
LOWTHER.
tf Cirli-l-?. Value, £101. P.-itrons JIi-s. Gaskartli and
tL::c^^. The churi-h is a small eJifice, cortroJ, over both
w.'dl? ::ni rX'f ^vith bluo ilato. C'liarities, £6.
LOVi'iCS, 3 Tillai:« and a parish in Gleudalo district,
Ncrtnr.rabr^rlind. The village stands 4 miles WSW of
Jliil r. srarioc, and 7 NW of Belford; is a long and
stri."!inr jl<i>.e, of late years greatly improved; and
l;a.j i poir-o:Sce im ler Beal, iS'orthumberland. The
ptriih cont.-uii3 nlso the villages of Barmoor, Bowsdon,
an i Holl:"m, ind the himlet of Laverick-Law. Acres,
12,?:x P.* J property, £13,192; of which i;i,0'JO are
!i z-ines and £l,oOO in quarries. Pop., 1,946. Houses,
'6:'i. The property is divided among a few. Barmoor
Cinle :3 a ch:ef rwidence. C'oal-minir.g, stoue-quarry-
ir.7. line-Vuining, and the making of bricks and draiu-
T.-:"'t3 ere c-arrieJ on. Numerous interesting fossils have
xeii :'..n2i in tho limeitone; and a collection of them
hv. ':^rn der>^sited in the Wood^vardiau museum in
Car^biid^e. "The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
D-irbar:./ Value, £300.* Patrons, the Dean and Chap-
tir cf Durharu. The church w.as rebuilt towards the
end of last Centnrj-; and has a good E window, and a
laes:!;— '?! viadow" to iho Gregson family. There arc
chapeli f'T Presbj-tcrians, Primitive ilethodists, and
llcusn C'i'r'ioMcs. a national school, and charities £4.
LOWICK, or LCFFWICK, a village and a parish in
Thri'>it.:'a -M^trict, Korthaninton. The village stands
on ^3 cMu^at ci the river Neu, 2 miles nVv by N of
llir^iotoa r. stTition; au.t has a post-office, of the name
r-f Lo.nck, under Tarnpstou. The parish comprises
2,£'>j ?crW. E-hI property, £2,744. Pop., 427. Houses,
bo. Tie TuinoT, with Drayton House, belongs to W.
B. Sz-.yio- 1, Esq. Part of a P>oman pavement was
fjori in 17S5. The livin;; is a rectory in the diocese of
Fe-.iz'ooio'^zh. Value, £.308.* Patron, Jlrs. Stopford.
Thi chcrchTis later English; has a square tower and an
oc-jigoiizl lejilini ; and contains fine stained glass win-
dow;. b;-rL^ii« of Henry Green and an Earl of Wiltshire,
hux iii'-jxiu'^.i-^t:, to Sir "Walter de Vere and Sir John Ger-
main. TLire are au endowed school with £90 a-ycar,
Bud cb=riric3 £35.
I.';W IKEBY, &c. See Ikf.by (Low), &c.
LOWLIN, a hamlet in Beal township, Kyloe parish,
Norranmcerlaad ; 74 miles JfW of Belford. Lowlin
H'-uicr is a cluef residence. A meet is here for Lord
EkLo-s hotir.ds.
LOW LOXGTOWX. Sec Loxctowk, Cambridge.
LOW MAX, a summit of the Skiddaw mountains, in
CTH-'ih-erland; li mile SSE of the summit of Skiddaw
proT^r.
LOWiULT., a hamlet in Lowside-Quartcr township,
St. B-rrS T^irish. Cumberlaml; near Whitehaven.
LOWlilLL. a hamlet in Thurscross to\vnsliip, Few-
Eto-: t-irl=b, W. 11. Yorkshire; 5^ miles X of Otley.
LOWilOOR, a village and two chapelries in Xorth
BicrUy to-siiship, Bradford parish, W. R. Yorkshire.
TJ:e village stAnCis adjacent to the Lancashire and York-
shire- and ta-i Leeds, Bradford, and Halifax Junction
rail— ITS, 3 mijes SE of Bradford; is a large place ; and
h^s a station on the railways, and a post-ofUcet under
Er.il:'. rd, Yorkshire. Very extensive ironv.-orks are
here, and v-re commenced about the beginning of the
p-'-iiat c*atury. The proprietors of the ironworks,
joi;::l7 wita .M. Wilson, Esq., are lords of the luanor
ani chief Ir-.a Irwners of North Eiiorley township. Low-
in xr iluis^, Odsal Ilou.'e, and Ko^ds Hall are chief re-
Fii-n-:<rs. — The two chapelries are St. ilark and Holy
Trlnitv. St. Mark's was constituted in 1858. Kated
pr.^T-rr'tv. £'-,'"4. Pop. in 1S61, l,5f,3. Houses, 310.
The pr'iqcrty is dividi'd among a few. Holy Trinity
chir-rlrr w.-is coastituted in 1.SG5, and h;i3 a pop. of
abvit tj,(t'r.'. Th'J livings are p. curacies in the diocese
of Rif-L. Value of St. M.irk, £170; of Holy Triuitv,
£3:i->."* Pitr'.n of St. M^iik, V'. Ilardv, Esq.; of Holy
Titttity, the Vicar of P.ra.libr 1. Th.'. church of St. ilark
Wis built ia 1;.';7, chielly at theexpeu.-e of the Iron Com-
p..t.y. Th^ church of Ifoly Trinity wns built in ICOC,
enli'r^jed :a It-'jC, .md cxtcn.'^ively ri,]Mircd in ISTiO; is in
tiic r-jiatel styl--; .md con.'-ists of nave, transepts, and
chancel, with tower and spire. Tlicre are a Wesleyan
chapel and national schools.
LOW OULTON. Sa Uultox (Low).
LOW-QUAUTEU, a division of Kirkby-Ireleth par-
ish, Lancashire; 5i miles W of Ulverston. Acres, 2,100.
Pop., 644.
LOW-QUARTER, a townsliip in Hexham parish,
Northumberland; 2 miles S of Hexham. Acies, 3,608.
Pop., 454. Houses, 92.
LOW ROW, a hamlet in Melbecks township, Grinton
parish, N. R. Yorkshire; near Reeth.
LOW ROW, a railway station in Cumberland; on the
Newcastle and Carlisle railway, near the boundary with
Northumberland, 2 miles WSW of Rosehill.
LOW SEBEllGHAM. See Sebeugh.v.m (Low).
LOWSIDE, or Lowiiaxd, a township in Whickham
parish, Durham ; on the Northeastern railway, 3 miles
WSW of Gateshead. It contains the Wllage of Dunston,
and the hamlets of High Team and Low Team. Real
property, £5,101. Pop., 1,563. Houses, 262. JIany
of the inhabitants are employed iu collieries, chemical
works, saw-mills, and roperies, and in brick-making,
wire-drawing, and the preparation of hemp. There are
chapels for Primitive Methodists and New Connexion
Jlethodists, a national school, and a lunatic asylum.
The national school is used as a cliapel of ease. The
lunatic asylum is called Dunston Lodge ; and, at the
census of 1861, had 200 inmates.
LOWSIDE QUARTER, a township in St. Bees par-
ish, Cumberland; on the coast, and on the "WTiitehaven
ami Furness railway, 4 miles S of "Whitehaven. It con-
tains the hamlets of Upper Town, ^Middle Town, Nether
To\vn, Braystones, and Lowmill. Acres, 2,666; of
which 726 are v/ater. Pop. in 1851, 362 ; in 1S61, 264.
Houses, 49. Tlie decrease of pop. arose mainly from the
destniction by fire of a paper mUl. Egtrmont Castle,
now a niin, is within the township.
LOW-STREET, a railway station iu Essex; on the
London, Tilbury, and Southend railway, 2^ nules NE
of Tilbury Fort.
LOWTHER (The), a river of Westmoreland. It
issues from Hawes-watcr; is fed, through that lake, by
the streams of Mardale ; runs northward, past Bampton,
Knipe, Lowther Castle, Askham, and Clifton, to the
Eamont at Brougham Castle ; and has a total course,
from Hawes-watcr, of about 17 miles. All its valley,
reckoned from the liead of JIardale to Brougham Castle,
is a continuous galleiy of landscape, everywhere rich in
feature; and subsides from the romantically grand to the
softly beautiful.
LOWTHER, a township, a parish, and a sub-district,
in NV'est "Ward district, ^\'estmoreland. The towiiship
lies on tlie river Lowther, 1^ mile SW of Clifton r. sta-
tion, and 4 S of Penrith; contains the villages of Lowther
and Newtown-Lowther; and gives the title of Viscount
to the Earl of Lonsdale. Both villages are small; and
the new one was founded iu 1682, by Sir John Lowther,
at the demolition of a portion of the old one.— The parish
contains also the townships of Ilackthorpe, ilelkin-
thorpe, and Whale; and its j)03t-towu is Clifton, under
Penrith. Acres, 3,520. Real property, £1,22S. Pop.,
427. Houses, 93. The manor belonged to the !Machcls,
the Cliifords, and the Stricklands ; and passed to the
Lowthers, who became Earls of Lonsdale. Lov>ther
Castle, the seat of the Earl of Lonsdale, occupies the site
of an ancient manorial mansion, nearly destroyed by fire
in 1726; was built in 1802-10, after designs by Smirke;
is a magnificent pile, in tlie castellated and decorated
English style; me;isures 420 feet along the N front, 280
feet along the S front; presents a jij'raiuidal outline, the
wings adorned with turrets, tlie centre rising aloft in a
massive, tnrrct>'d, quadrangular tower; contains a .stair-
case 00 feet earli way and 90 feet high, a hall 00 feet by
30, a saloun also 6U feet by 30, a library 45 feet by 3i.',
and other apartiip^nts of corresponding ^W.n; is maguili-
cently adorned and furnished with all sorts of products
of art; cominam^l-; very splendid and txteuiive view,",
over the I,ake region, away to Scat San lal, Ilclvellyii,
Saddleb.ick, .lud Skiddaw; and stands amid o;;- of Lhn
•i IJ
LOWTHER.
210
LOXTON.
most beautiful and riclily embellished parks in England.
Southey, after deploring tbe comparatively meagre style
of most modern mansions, says —
" With other feelings now
Lowther ! have I beheld thy statelj walls.
Thy pinnacles, and broad embattled brow,
And hospitable halls.
Fair structure ! worthy the triumph^iut age
Of glorious England's opulence and power.
Peace be thy lusting heritage.
And happiness thy dower !"
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Carlisle. Value,
£283.* Patron, the Earl of Lonsdale. The churcliwas
rebuilt in 1G36; was recently restored, tvith addition of
a porch; is a crucifonn structure, with a central tower,
surmounted by a lantern; and contains numerous brasses,
tablets, and other monuments of the Lowihers. A new
mausoleum of the Lowther family is in the churchyard.
An edifice in the neighbourhood was built to be a coUege
for gentlemen's sons, and was used for a time a.s a carpet
factory. Endowments exist to the amoiint of about
£400 a-yeM, chiefly for educational purposes, but in-
cluding £90 for the poor. The sub-district contains
also five other parishes. Acres, 61,109. Pop., 3,860.
Houses, 767. , ,
LOWTHER, a hamlet in the W of Westmoreland ; on
Windermere, 1 mile S of Ambleside.
LOWTHORPE, a parish in Driffield district, E. R.
Yorkshire; on the Hull and Sc;\rborouga railway, -Ji
miles NE by E of Great Driffield. It has a station on
the railway, and a post-office under Hidl. Acres, 1,960.
Eeal property, £2,0S9. Pop., 171. HoTises, 28. The
property is divided among a few. The minor belongs to
W. St. Quintin, Esij. Lowthorpe Lodge is a chief re-
- sidcnce. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
York. Value, £64. Patron, W. St. Qaintin, Esq.
The church is ancient; was made collegia:?, in the time
of Edward 111., for a rector, 6 chaplains, and 3 clerks;
consists now of nave and W tower, with ruined chancel;
suffered damage, by the fall of its roof, in 1859; and has
since been partially restored. The ruind chancel con-
tains a piscina, an old brass, and two altar-tombs. The
churchyard contains an old cross, said to have been
brought from Kilhara, and a curious momimental stone,
■with car\Tngs to represent a family offspring.
LOWTHW^UTE, a hamlet in Crossihwaite parish,
Cumberland; on the river Greta, 3 miles E of Keswick.
LOWTON, a village and a parish in Leigh district,
Lancashire. The village stands 1 mQe £ by N of Gol-
borne r. station, and Z^ SW by W of L^righ; and has a
post-office under Newton-le-Willows. Tiie pai'ish in-
cludes the chapelry of Lowton-St. Mary, and comprises
1,824 acre-s. Real property, £6,148. Pop. m 1851, 2,140;
in 1861, 2,334. Houses, 492. The pr...perty is much
subdivided. Lowton Hall and B}Tom Hdl are ancient
mansions, now used as farm-houses. There is a cutton
mill. The head-living is a rectory, and that of St.
Mary is a vicar.ige, in the diocese of Chester. Value of
the rectory, £250;* of the vicarage, £l--7.* Patron of
the former, the Earl of Derby; of the Liter, ili.^s JI.
Lei^-h. The parish chiu'ch is an old buil>liug of brick
and stone. St. .Mary's church was crectei in 1361; is a.
stone structme, in the early English style; and consists
of nave, aisle, and cluincel, with porch and lt;lfrj'. There
are chapels for Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists, an
endowed school, and charities £50.
LOW-TOWN, a chapeliy in Tjniemouth parish,
ICurthumberland ; connected with North .Shiehls. It was
constituted in 1860, and is sometimes called St. Peters.
Post-town, North Shields. Pop. in 1861, 0,314. Houses,
743. The living is a p. cur;icy in the dio-jrse of Km-hani.
Value, £200.* Patron, the Duke of No.thumberland.
LOW TOYNTON, &c. See ToY-ston i Low), &c.
LOW WATER, a tarn on the NW b-vnler of Lanca-
shire; beneath the SE brow of the Old M^a of Coniston.
It lies upwards of 2,000 feet above sra-;;Vel, and must
have been called Low Water either iron; -illy or in con-
tiust to lofty heights which overhang i-_ Cuckbarrow
crags rise almost vertically up from it to a great altitude,
Eomarkably large trouts are got in its waters.
LOW WINDER. See Winder (Low).
LOW WOOD, a large inn on the W border of Wcst-
morelaud ; on the shore of Wiudemierc, 2 miles SSE of
Ambleside. It forms a fme centre to tourists; and it
was extensively enlarged and improved in 1S5S-9.
LOW WORSALL. See Wors.4.ll (Low).
I..OW WRAY, a chapelry in llawkshead parish,
Lancashire ; on Windermere lake, 3 miles NE of Hawks-
head, and 5| by road from AViudermere v. station. Post-
town, Ambleside, under Windermere. Pop., 170. Wray
Castle, a splendid mansion in the later English stjde, is
the seat of James Dawson, Esq. ; stands on an eminence,
commanding a noble view, amid gromids extending along
the shore of the lake; and is itself a fine feature in the
prospects from the E shore. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Carlisle. Value, £31 10s. Patron, J.
Dawson, Esq. The church is a handsome modern edifice,
in the later English style. A national school, used also
as a chapel of ease, is at High Sawi'ey; and a Quakers'
chapel is at Colthouse.
LOXBEAK, a parish in Tiverton district, Devon; i
miles NW of Tiverton r. station. Post-town, Tiverton.
Acres, 761. Real property, £1,037. Pop., 126. Houses,
24. The manor was known at the Conquest as Lochebere;
was then held by Algar, from the Bishop of Constnnce,
in Normandy; and belongs now to Sir T. D. Acland, Bart.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value,
£140.* Patron, Sir T. D. Acland, Bart. The church is
old, jilain, and good; and consists of nave, aisle, and
chancel.
LOXFIELD-CAMDEN, a hundre.l in Pevensey rape,
Sussex; containing the parishes of Mayfield and Wad-
hurst, and part of Lamberhurst. Acres, 25,451. Pop.
in 1851, 7,031. Houses, 1,278.
LOXFIELD-DORSET, a himdred in Pevensey rape,
Sussex; containing Buxted parish, and three other iiar-
ishes. Acres, 19,222. Pop. in 1851, 5,177. Houses,
^ 908.
LOXHORE, a village aud a parish in Barnstaple dis-
trict, Devon, The village stands on a hill, amid very
fine scenery, 5J miles NE by N of Barnstaple r. station;
was originally called Lockeshore ; and is a very scattered
place. The parish comprises 1,530 acres ; and its post-
to\vn is Barnstaple. Real property, £1,400. Pop. in
1851, 317; in 1861, 250. Houses, 61. The decrease of
pop. was caused by the introduction of agricultural
machinery. Tlie manor and most of the land bt-'long to
S. P. B. Chichester, Esq. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of Exeter. Value, £177. Patron, S. P. C. Chi-
chester, Esq. The church is ancient but good, and has
a tower.
LOXLEY, a liberty in Uttoxeter parish, Stafford ; 2^
miles SW of Uttoxeter. Real property, £2,706. The
manor, with Loxlcy Hall, belongs to the Kynnersley
family. Robin Hood is said to have been a native, aud
to have had here one of his forest haunts.
LOXLEV, a village and a parish in Stratford-ou-Avon
district, Warwick. The village stands on the S border
of the county, 4 miles ESE of Scratford-on-.\vou r. .sta-
tion; is an ancient idacc, mentioned in Domestlay book;
and lias a post-ollice under Warwick. The. parish con-
tains also the hamlets of Chadlcy, Fauitngtou, Oakham,
Oldborough, and Hnnscote. Acres, 1,620. Real pro-
perty, £2,359. Pop., 363. Houses, S6. The manor
belonged to the monks of Worcester and Kcnihvorth.
Charles I. .'^lept at the old manor-house on the night be-
fore the battle of Edgehill. Ancient British and Roman
coins luive been found. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of AVorcestcr. Value, £100.* Patron, the Lord
Chancellor. The church is ancient, but lias been so
altered as to have a molern appearance. There arc a
Baptist chapel, a parochial school, aud charities £5.
LOXTUN, a village and a parish in .\xbridge district,
Somereet. The village stands on the river Axe, 3.i miles
AVNW of Axliridge, and 3i SE of Wcston-super-JIare-
Junotion r. station; and has a postal pillar-b.,y under
AVestou-super-Jlarc. The parish coniprisCb 1,203 acres.
LOXWOOD.
211
LUDCHURCH.
Real property, £2,696. Pop. ia 1S51, 200; in 1S61,
154. Houses, 33. The proiwrty is divided anioiit; a
few. Tlio manor liclnngs to Major Galton. The living
b a rectory in the diocese of liath and Wells. Value,
£2Si.* Falron, the Eev. T. Barne. The church is a
good stone eilitice, in a mLxed style ; and consists of nave
and chancel, with a tower. There are a Wcsleyau chapel,
a sli<;htly endowed school, and charities ,€5.
LOXWOOD, or Loxwood-End, a hamlet in 'VTis-
borou<;h-Green parish, Sussex; on an ntlluent of the
river Ariin, and ou the Arun and Wye canal, 8 miles W
by N of Horsham r. station. It has a post-office, of the
name of Loxwood, under Horsham, and a fair on 6 Jlay;
it is a resort of sportsmen; and it has a chapel of ease,
and ranks as a chapohy, annexed to the vicaraj;e of
Wisborough-Green, in the diocese of Chichester. Pop.,
21 S.
LOYNTOX, a hamlet in Norbury parish, Stafford; i
miles SW of Eccleshall. Pop., 63. Lo}Titon Hall is a
chief residence.
LOZELLS, a chapelry in Aston parish, Wanvick-
shLre; forming a northern subui'b of Birmingham, and
adjoining Aston Park. It was constituted in 1S53.
Post-town, Birmingham. Rated property, £23,614.
Pop., 10,923. Houses, 2,225. The property is much
subdivided. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
Worcester. Value, £330. Patron, the Kev. D. N. Wat-
ton. The church was built in 1854, at a cost of about
£2,650; is a plain brick structure, cniciform, in the
early English style; and has a lofty bell-turret. An In-
dependent chapel was erected in 1862, at a cost of about
£3,000; is in the Italian style; and presents an ellipti-
cal projection, of lofty archway, supported by coupled
piers, with liehly-earved capitals, and su/mounted by
pediment and cornice. A Wesleyau chapel, in lieu of a
previous one, was built in 1S65, ata cost of about £4,000;
is in the French first pointed style; and has a tower and
spire 130 feet high. A Unitarian chapel is in A'illa-
street.
LUBBENHaM, a village and a parish in Market-
Harborough district, Leicester. The village stands on
the river Wellaiid, adjacent to the Kugby and Stamford
railway, at the boundary with Northampton, 2J miles W
of Markot-Harborough r. station; and has a post-otfice
under Kugb}'. The parish is traversed by the Grand
Union canal, and comprises 2,400 acres. Real propertv,
£4,815. Pop., 640. Houses, 144. The property "is
divided among a few. The manor belongs to T. T.
Paget, Esq.; Lubbenham Hall and Papillon Hall, to the
Earl of Hopetoun. There are traces of a Roman camp
of 8 acres. The weaving of carriage and livery lace is
carried on. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Peterborough. Value, £125. Patron, T. T. Paget,
Esq. The church is early English; comprises nave,
aisles, chancel, and S porch, with a tower; includes
a chantry, formerly separate from the main bod\-, but
lately thro«"n open to it; and contains a kind of shrine,
in memory of its founder. There are an Indejiendent
chapel, a national school, and charities £29. The na-
tional school was erected in 1S58, at a cost of £1,225;
and is a hamlsome edifice, in the pointed style.
LUBBERS, a hamlet 2 miles SW of Thame, in Ox-
fordshire.
LUCBE.STHORPE, a chapelry in Aylestone parish,
Leicestershire; on the river Soar, 4 miles SW of Leices-
ter r. .station. Post-town, Leicester. Acres, 1,200.
Real i>roperty, £1,869. Pop., 64. Houses, 12. The
property belongs to the Duke of Itutlaud. A monastery
was anciently here; and the. site of it is now occupied by
a larm-house. The church of the chaijclry went 1 jng
ago into decay.
LUCCOilLJ CHINK, a <leip, croggy, winding chasm,
on the ro.i.st of the Isle of Wiglit; under Slianklin down,
1 mile KE of Underclilf, and 7}; SH of Newport. Its
.sides are bosky with shrubs and brushwood; .^nd its bot-
tom i.s traversed by a rapid strcandet, forming a little
cascatlc. It was once a grc.it haunt of .smugglers.
LUC;COMBE. See Luficir.vM.
LUCKEU, a township-chaiieiiy in B.inibrough parish,
Northumbeilaad; on the Northeastern railway, 3J miles
SE by S of r.ehord. It has a station on the railway;
and its post-town is Belford. Acres, 1,S08. Rated
property, £2,460. Pop., 281. Hou.ses, 4S. The man-
or belongs to the Duke of Northumberlani Lucker
Hall is a chief residence. The living is a j). curacy in
the diocese of Durham. Value, £62.* P.itron, the
Duke of Northumberland. The church is good; and
there is a national school.
LUCKHAM, or Luccomee, a village and a jiarish ia .
AVilliton district, Somerset. The village stan^ls 4 miles
SW of Minehead, and 11 W of Watchet r. station. The
pari.sh contains also the hamlets of West Luckbam,
Doverliaj-s, and Horner. Post-town, ilinehcad, under
Taunton. Acres, 4,126; of which 20 are water. Real
property, £1,360. Pop., 474. Houses, 107. The pro-
perty is divided chiefly among three. The manor be-
longs to Sir T. D. Acland, Bart. Iron ore was formerly
worked. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Bath
and Wells. Value, £417.* Patron, Sir T. D. Acland,
Bart. The church is early English ; and consists of
nave, aisle, and chancel, with porch and tower. Char-
ities, £4.
LUCKINGTON, a hamlet in Kilraersdon parish,
Somerset; 5^ miles NW of Frome. Pop., 76.
LUCKINGTON, a ^-illage and a parish in ilalmsbury
district, WOts. The village stands near the boundary
with Gloucestershij'e, 7 miles WSW of Malmsbury, and
10 NW of Chippenham r. station; and has a post-office,
under Chipperdiam. The parish comprises 1,625 acres.
Real property, £3,101 ; of which £10 are in quanies.
Pop., 316. Hou.;es, 78. The property is nrach subdi-
vided. The manor belonged to King Harold, and passed
to the SejTnours. There are ban'ows and a crondech.
The living is a reotorv in the diocese of Gloucester and
Bristol. Value, £382.* Patron, the Rev. J. F. Gog-
gin. The church is ancient, with a tower; and was,
still recently, in bnd condition. Charities, £16.
LUCTON, a parish in LeoTnin.ster district, Hereford;
ne^r the river Lu?, 2J miles NNW of Kingsland r. sta-
tion, and 5 NW of Leominster. Post-town, Kingsland,
under Leominster. Acres, 1,017. Real proiicrty, £1,531.
Pop., 174. House.;, 29. The property, except what
belongs to the gi-uuiinar school, is all in one estate.
The li\-ing is a p. curacy in the diocese of Hereford.
Value, £93.* Patrons, the Governors of lAicton School.
The church was rebuilt in 1852. Pierrepont's free gi'am-
mar school here was founded in 1703 ; clothes and edu-
cates 50 boys; gives education, on moderate terms, to
other pupils ; and has an endowed income of about
£1,250, and several valuable exhibitions.
LUDBOROL'GH, a vLUage, a parish, and a wapentake,
in Lincoln. The -v-iUage stands near the East Lincoln
railway, 5i miles NNW of Louth; occupies the site of
a Roman settlement; and has a station on the railway,
and a post-office under Louth. The parish is in Louth
district, and comprises 2,250 acres. Real jiropcrty,
£3,190. Pop., 401. Houses, 85. The manor bcloujis
to the trustees of J. Livesey, Esq. The manor-house is
very ancient, bur has been modernized, and is now oc-
cupied by a farmer. The living is a rectoiy in the dio-
cese of Lincoln. Value, £o^M. Patron, R. Thorold,
Esq. The church is a very fine early English structure;
was well restored in 1860; comprises nave, aisles, and
chancel, with a three-storied tower; contains a double
piscina, foliated water-drains, and a circular-arched
old anmbrie; and was found, while being restored, to
contain a sepulchral slab of the lltli century, bearing an
incised cross. There are chapels for Wesleyans, Primi-
tive Jlclhodists, and United Free Methodists, and a new
Church of England school. — The wapentake contains
uNo nine other p Irishes. Acres, 12,931. Pop, 1,302.
Houses, 407.
LUDBKOOX, a hamlet in Ugbovough parish, li.'v.n;
near h'V-Bridg'.
LUDCI1L'!;';H, a ]>arish in Narberth di?tri^'t, Pem-
broke; 3.',- mile.- .>K of Narberth, and G SW of Wlntl.ind
r. station. IV'-t-town, Narberth. Acres, 1,607. Real
property, £87J. i'oii., 261. Houses, 5i. The pro-
LUDDENDEN.
212
LUDGERSHALL.
XivTty is much subdiWded. Marble and limestone are
quarried. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, £94. Patron, the Lord Chancellor.
The church was reported in 1859 as not good.
LUDDENDEN, a village and a chapelry in Halifax
parish, \V. R. Yorkshire. The village stands on an
affluent of the river Calder, near the Manchester canal,
li mile N of Luddendenfoot r. station, and 3^ W by N
of Halifax; is partly in Midgley township, but chiefly
in that of Warley; and has a post-office under Man-
•chester. — The chapelry contains also the villages of
jlidgley and Luddendenfoot. The acreage and pop. are
returned with the parish. Bated property, £11,762.
The property is much subdivided. The Hollins, Glen
Uoyd, Oats Eoyd, Brearley, Brearley House, and Ewood
-Hall are chief residences. There are large cotton and
worsted mills, a paper-mill, and stone quarries. The
'living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Ripon. Value,
^■300.* Patron, the Vicar of Halifax. The church is
a stone edifice, in the pointed style; was recently im-
proved in the interior; and comprises aisles and chancel,
with a tower. There are two chapels for Independents,
one each for Calvinists, Wesleyans, Primitive Jlethod-
ists, and New Connexion Methodists, a national school,
LUDDENDENFOOT, a village in Luddenden cha-
pelry, Halifax parish, W. R. Yorkshire ; on the river
ialder, adjacent to the Lancashire and Yorkshire rail-
way, 3i miles W by S of Halifax. It has a station on
the railway, and a post-office under Manchester. A
i-ailway 2 miles long, to be called the Luddenden Valley
railway, was authorized in 1S65 to be constructed from
the Lancashire and Yorkshire at Luddendenfoot to Little
Holme House.
LUDDENHAM, a parish in Faversham district,
Kent; adjacent to the North Kent railway and to the
jiver Swale, 3 miles NW of Faversham r. station. Post-
town, Faversham. Acres, 1,438; of which 115 are wa-
ter. Real property, £3,158. Pop., 264. Houses, 51.
Much of the land is reclaimed marsh. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Canterbury. Value, .£394.
Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The chuich is early Eng-
lish ; and consists of nave and chancel, with a brick
tower.
LUDDESDOWN, a parish in North Aylesford dis-
trict, Kent; 1^ mile SE of Sole-Street r. station, and 5.V
WSW of Rochester. It contains the hamlets of Pound-
gate and Henley-Street ; and its post-to\vn is Graves-
end. Acres, 1,983. Real property, i:2, 187. Pop., 279.
Houses, 54. The property is divided among a few.
The manor belonged formerly to the ilontacutes. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Rochester. Va-
lue, £400.* Patron, J. A. Wigan, Esq. The church
"was mainly rebuilt, partly repaired, in 1866; is partly in
the early "English style, partly later English; and coa-
Bists of nave, S aisle, aud chancel, with a tower. There
are a free school and 4 acres of church land.
LUDDINGTON, a village, a township, and a parish,
in the district of Goole and county of Lincoln. Tlie vil-
lage stands on the Old Don river at the boundary with
Yorkshire, Ih mile AV of the river Trent, and 5 NE of
Crowle r. station; and has a post-office under How Jen.
The township comprises 2,300 acres. Real propertv,
£3,738. Pop. in ISol, 588; in 1861, 684. Houses,
142. The parish contains also the town.ship of Garthorpe,
and comprises 3,680 acres. Real property, £7,2:29.
Pop. in 1851, 1,090; in 1861, 1,264. Houses, 273.
Tlie property is .subdivided. The manor belongs to Earl
ilanvers. Flax is gi'own and dressed. The living is a
rectory and a vicarage in the diocese of Lincoln. A'alue,
£500.* Patron, J. jM. Carter, Esq. The church was re-
built in 1855, at a cost of £2,760; is iu the early English
style; and consists of nave, aisle, and chancel, with tower
and spire. There are chapels for Wesleyans and Primitive
Jletlxodists, a parochial school, and some small cliarities.
LUDDINGTON AND DODWELL, a hamkt, for-
merly a chapelry, in Old Stratford pariih, Warwick; on
the river Avon, 3 miles .S\V by AV of .'^tratford-upou-
Avcn. Real property, £1,641. I'oj)., 121. Houses,
26. The quondam chapel is now a ruin, and is said to
have been the place were Shakespeare was married.
LUDDINGTOX-IN-THE-BROOK, a parish in tho
district of Oundle and counties of N.-^rthampton and
Huntingdon; 4 miles E by S of Barnwell r. station, and
5i SE of Oundle. Post-town, Oundle. Acres, 580.
Real property of the Northampton portion, £732: of
the Huntingdon portion, £260. Pop. of the N. portion,
103; of the H. portion, 25. Houses, 20 and 6. The
property belongs to the Duke of Buccleuch. The living
is a rectory, united in 1867 with Hemington, in the
diocese of Peterborough. Value, £320. "Patron, the
Duke of Buccleuch. The church is old, and consists of
nave, S aisle, and chancel, with porch and tower.
LUDDINGTON-IN-THE-WOLD. See Lttttox.
LUDFORD, a parish in the district of Ludlow, and
counties of Salop and Hereford; containing a \-illage of
its own name in the H. portion, and tho township of Street
iu the S. portion. The village stands on the river Teme,
near the Hereford and Shrewsbury railway, i a mile S of
Ludlow; occupies the site of a Roman station; is an old-
fashioned place; and has an old but substantial bridge,
communicating vrith. Ludlow. The H. portion of the
parish is wholly, and the S. portion partly, within Lud-
low borough. Post-town, Ludlow. Acres of the S. por-
tion, 1,204; of the H. portion, 663. Rated property of
the whole, £3,639. Pop. of the S. portion, 200; of the
H. portion, 119. Houses, 49 aud 26. Pop. of the part
of the S. portion within Ludlow borough, 98. Houses, 24.
The property is divided among a few. Ludford House
was formerh" the seat of the Charlton family, and be-
longs now to the tnistees of J. Leechman, Esq. Stone is
quarried; and a saline spring, of some medicinal repute,
is at Saltmore. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of Hereford. Value, £200. Patrons, the Representa-
tives of tho late .1. Leechman, Esq. Tho church is an-
cient, and has a tower. Alms-houses for six jioor per-
sons were founded in 1672, and have an income of £63;
and there are other charities with about £78.
LUDFORD-JIAGNA, a village and a j.arish iu Louth
district, Lincoln. The village stands near the end of
the Fosse way, 6 miles E of Market-Rasen r. station;
and has a post-office, of the name of Ludford, under !Mar-
ket-Rasen. The parish, with Ludford Parva, comprises
3,310 acres. Real property of L.-M. alone, £4,177.
Pop., 356. Houses, 7S. The landed property is divided
among a few. Roman coins have been found. The liv-
ing is a \-icarage, united with the rectory of Ludford
Parva, in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £293.* Pa-
tron, alternately E. Heneage, Esq., andH. R. Boucherett,
Esq. The church was rebuilt in 1865, at a cost of £2,125;
and is in the decorated English style, and cruciform.
There are chapels for Wesleyans and United Free Metho-
dists, and a national school.
LUDFORD-PARVA, a parish, with a village, in
Louth district, Lincoln; contiguous on the W to Lud-
ford-^Iagna, and 5\ miles E of Market-Rasen r. station.
Post-town, Ludford, under JIarket-Rasen. Real pro-
perty, £1,734. Pop., 462. Houses, 85. The living is
a rectory, annexed to the vicarage of Ludford-Magna, in
the diocese of Lincoln. The church has disappearetl, but
the burial-ground is still in use. There is a Wesleyan
chapel
LUDGERSHALL, a village and a parish in Aylesbury
district, Bucks. The \-illage stands near the boundary
with Oxford, li mile S of Akeman-street, and 6 SE by
E of Bicester r. station; and got its name by corruption
from King Ludd's Hall. The parish contains also the
hamlets ofKingswood and Tetchwick. Post-town, Brill,
under Thame. Acres, 2,430. Real property, £3,600.
Pop., 636. Houses, 118. The ]>rO|'erty is subdivided.
Tho manor belon_;5 to the Rev. T. Maityn. Henry II.
is said to have selected King Ludd's Hall as a retreat for
Fair Rosamund; and a lane in the woods is still called
Rosamund's wav. Tho liring is a rcctorv in the diocese
of Oxford. Vahie. £550.* Patron, thi Rev. T. Mar-
ty n. Tlie church is early and decorated I'liglish, in gooil
condition; consi-ts of nave, aisles, and chancel, with
embattled tower; and contains a Norman font aud a brti.-s
LUDCERSnALL.
213
LUDLOW.
of 1523. Tliere are .in Independent chapel, a national
E'.'h'.o!, and caarities £13. An alien liospital wxs here,
a Cell to th.i: of Saiiiti'jgfielJ, givea to King's college,
Cambrilg*.
LrDGEKSHALL, a village, a parish, and a sub-dis-
tricT. in the diitriot of Anduver and county of V/ilts.
Thi Tillage stands uear an affluent of the river Avon,
&-1 near the b.3undary with Hants, 6i miles N"\V of Aii-
(!ov,.-r r. station, and 15 NE bj^ N of Salisbury; was for-
TQirlv called Largesh.all and Ludgabhall; is supposed to
have been a r;.=idea:e of some of the Saxon kings; made a
considerable f gure in the Norman times; appears to have
been, for centuries, a place of considerable size; was a
borough by pi'cscription, sending t".vo members to par-
liament, till JLsfranchioed by the act of 1S32; was long
alw a market-M-.vn ; retains vestiges of a great ancient
CAitle, and the sruuip of a rudely sculptured ancient
cross: is now a S':3ttered village chiefly of thatched cot-
tagtrs, built of red brick and flint; and has a post-office);
cnlcr Andover, two small inns, a church. Baptist and
Prisiirive Methodist chapels, a good national school,
charirlcs £23, and a fair on 2-5 July. The castle was the
seat of noble families from the time of the Conquest tUl
thit of Edward I. ; gave shelter to the Empress JIaud, in
her tight from AVinchester to Devizes; belonged, in the
time cf KiLg .lohn, to Geoflrey Fitzpiers, Earl of Essex
and Chief Justice cf England; is supposed to have been
desrroved by Edward I. ; is now represented by little
more than a fragment of the keep, showing traces of
Nom-ia ar:ld:c;r.ire, and encompassed by an earthen
rampcrt and V.to de-?p ditches; and commands a pleasant
view to the X, over Collingboume-wood. The church is
early English; has a pinnacled tower; was recently well
repaL-^d; and contains the Jacobean tomb of Sir Eichard
IjrT."dges, and several other old monuments. An ancient
cross is in the churchyard; and the gi-eat seal of Eng-
land, tiseJ in the time of Stephen, was found, about
17&0, in the neighbourhood. The parish comprises
1,773 acres. Eeal property, with North Tedworth,
£4,133. Eared y.rot'erty of L. alone, £1,777. Pop.,
£&5. Houscs, 127. The property is not much divided.
The manor passed from Eitzpiers to the Cliffords, the
MolL'j, and ethers; went afterwards to the Crown; and
belc:.gs now to W. H. ^Manu, Esq. Biddusden House,
erettol by General Webb, and afterwards occupied by
the Dake of Chandjs, is the chief residence. The par-
ish contains some tumuli, and is a resort of sportsmen.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Salisbury.
Value, £27 i. Parr.in, Sir S. Graham. — The sub-district
contains a!?o another parish in Wilts, and nine parishes
and an e.Ttra-paroohial tract in Hants. Acres, 24,658.
Pop.. 3,53?. Houses, 772.
LUDGVAX, or Lvdj.vx, a vill.age and a parish in
Penzance di^rtrlct, Cornwall. The village stands on a
rising grooni, 1 mile Y.'XW of Marazion r. station, and
3 NE cf Penzance; was anciently called Ludahiim;
commands a charming view southward over St. ^Michael's
Eioui: and l^ay; ind has a post-olllce imder Penzance,
and a cattle f.iir on 2 Oct. The parish contains also
Cro-.Tla-s hamlst, and several other hamlets. Acres,
4,5:i; of w;ii?h 40 are water. Eeal property, £0,934;
of which £413 are in rail-.vays. Pop., 3,4S0. Houses,
673. The jr.^pnirty is di\-ided among a few. The manor
b-.lopg-rd, at Dome:d.iy, to the Earl of ilortaigne; passed
to the Ferrers, the Charapemowne.i, the Willoughbys
de Broke, and tiie Pauleti; and belongs now to J. J.
Kogrrs, Evj. A'arf.-ll was the residence of Sir Humph-
rey Davy, in his early years; and belonged, for several
generations, to hu ancestors. Jlining ojiorations are
larg'rly carried on. Granitic and schistose rocks abound;
and tip and cojip.-r ores a:e obtained. A granitic rock
Very rich in mi- a, an 1 known a.s Ludgvan stone, was
once in much repi---:, but apjiears to be now e.xhausted.
A double-ditvhft I camp, called Castle-an-Dina.s, and
UKaijring 430 fctt in diameter, occupies tlie summit of
the liighest hill, aii'l commands extensive views. Earth-
work-s, thro'\-n up by the parliamentarian force, at the
siege of St. Miohael's mount, are on tlie road to Marazion.
A mineral spring is at Coliuriaii. The living is a rectory
in the dioce.se of Exeter. Value, £S00. Patron, alter-
nately the Duke of Cleveland and the Earl of Sand-
wich. The church has a flue Norman arch ; was re-
paired an<l enlarged in 1S40; and contains tablets of
the Daw family, and the remains of Dr. Borlase, au-
thor of the "Antiquities and Natural History of Corn-
wall," and for 52 years rector of the parish. There are
six chapels for Wesleyans, two for Prhnitive Methodists,
one for Bible Christians, a national .school, and charities-
£4. Eemains of an ancient chapel are at Collurian.
LUDHAM, a village, a parish, and a sub-district, iu
Tuustead district, Norfolk. The village stands IJ mile
NE of the river Bure, 8 NE of Brundall r. station, and
12J NE by E of Norwich; was once a market-town; ami
hiis a post-ofTice under Norwich, and a fair on tlie Thurs-
day and Friday after Trinity Sunday. The parish com-
prises 2,977 acres. Eeal property, £7,175. Pop. iu
1851, 932; in 1861, 884. Houses, 199. The property
is much subdivided. The manor belonged to the abbey
of St. Beuetat-the-Holme; and was given, by Henry
VIII., to the Bishops of Norwich. A grange cf the ab-
bey on it was converted by the bishops into a palace.
The palace was, in great degree, burnt down in 1611;
was restored and enlarged by Bishop Harsnet; and, after
the bishops ceased to occupy it, was partly convertei
into a granar}-, and partly made a farm-house, nowcaUed
Ludham Hall. The living is a vicarage in the iLiocese of
Norwich. Value, £300.* Patron, the Bishop of Nor-
wich. The church is later English; has an embattled
tower; and contains a richly carved screen, and a beauti-
fully carved font. There are chapels for Baptists and
Wesleyans, a national school, a fuel aUotinent worth £PS-
a-year, and other charities £14. — The sub-district con-
tains also sis other parishes. Acres, 18,219. Pop.,
3,682. Houses, 815.
LUDHILL. See DARTMorxH.
LUDLAM'S CAVE (Mother), a cavern in Waverle.n
Ville oxtra-parochial tract, Surrey; at the end of Jloor
Park, lA mile E of Farnham. It extends 90 feet by 140
into sandstone rock; is entered by a natural aiohway;
opens on a heath; is famous, "in popular legends, as the
alleged residence of a " white witch," is said to have-
been often the scene of Swift's meditations; and emits a.
spring, called Ludwell, named from Lud, king of the
South Saxons, who went to it to cool and ilress his
wounds after the heat of battle. A deep fox-hole in the
sand, above the cave, was, not very many years ago, the
retreat of a misanthrope of the name of Foot.
LUDLOW, a town, a parish, a sub-district, and a dis-
trict in Salop. Tlie town stands on an eminence at the
confluence of the rivers Corve and Teme, at the junctional
of the Shrewsl)ury and Hereford railway with the Lud-
low and Cleehill railway, at the bomidary with Hereford-
shire, 25 miles S of Shrewsbury. It is believed to have-
originated in a Eoman settlement ; it appears to have-
been anciently includrd within the borders of Wales; itr
w.as called by the ancient Britons, Dinan-Llys-Tywysog,
signifying "the princes' palace;" and it Wiis known to
the Saxons as Leadlowe. Eobert de ^Montgomery be-
came possessor of it after the Conquest, built strong
walls around it, and erected a great castle at it. The
castle was seized by Henry I.; took part v/ith the Em-
press ilaud; was besiegeii, iu 113"^, by Stephen; wa.s
given, by Ilcnry II., to the Fitzwarines; went, iu the
time of John, to Philip D'Aubigny; ])assed to the Lacys,
tlie Mortimer.s, anil the Crown; was held, in 1451, by the
Yorkists against Hmry VI.; was taken, and the town
pilundered, in 1 159, by Homy Vl's. forces; became the resi-
dence, in 14S3, of Edward V.; was the residence also of
Henry VII., and the marriage-place and death-place ot
his son Arthur; was made, by Henry VIII. , the seat o'.'
the Lords Prc^iduut of Wales; was the scene of the per-
formance of Milton's " Conms," for tlie entertainment of
the E.irl of Bridgewatcr; was visited by Charhs I., and
afterwards garrisoned in his cause; was surrendered, iu
1C45, to the parliamentarians; was held, at the Eestoru-
tiou, by Earl Carbery, the patron of Jeremy Taylor and
Samuel Butler; was plundered and dismantled "in 1GS9;
and then the olh^c of Lords I'rcsident of Wales was abol-
LUDLOAV.
214
LUDLOW-CASTLE.
ished. Seven gates pierced the town-walls: and one of
them, called Broailgate, is stiU standing. A few traces
of the walls also may still be seen. Part of the site of
the castle is now disposed in a delightful promenade,
planted with trees, and commanding a fine viexr. The
remains of the castle include a massive Nonnan keep,
110 feet high, \vith walls from 9 to 12 feet taiok; arumed
hall, in the early and decorated English stj-les, vrith.
armorial bearings; a portion of a Nomian chapel, com-
prising the arch between the nave and the choir ; and
portions of the outer walls and of towers; and they pre-
sent so picturesque and imposing an appearance, as to be
highly attractive to artists and tourists. An Angustiniau
friary was founded, without Goalfordgate, uil2S2; a Car-
melite friary was founded, without Corngate. in 1346, and
is called by Leland "a fair and costly thing;" and an
hospital or college, for a prior, warden, and poor
brethren, was founded near the bridge, anl on the left
bank of the Teme, in the time either of King John or of
Henry III. Extensive foundations of an ancient ecclesi-
astical buUding, in the decorated English style, surround-
ing a quadrangle, and including numerous colunms,
muUions, traceries, and Norman inscribed paving-tiles,
together with many coins, elegant keys, ornamental
hinges, and other objects, were discovered, in 1861, dar-
ing excavations for the new cattle -market: and are be-
lieved to be remains of the hospital or college. Chief
Baron Walter and JI. Clarke the oriental scholar, were
natives of Ludlow ; Samuel Butler resided in it when he
WTote the first three cantos of his "Huiibras;" and
Lucien Buonaparte lived for some years in the neigh-
bourhood at Dinham House.
The town is upwards of a mUe in length, and about -i
a mile in breadth; consists of well-built anj well-paved
streets, almost all spacious, and runniiigdivergently down-
ward from the highest and most central part ; has under-
gone much recent improvement; and makv-s a better dis-
play of neat, substantial, well-arranged hou^-ts than most
inland towns of its age. An abundant supply of water
is furnished by pipes, from neighbouring springs, to
public pumps; and, by machinery and pir-;s, from the
river Corve, to the interior of the houses. Two di'inking-
fountains were erected, in 1861, in Corve-srreet and the
Bullring, at the private cost of one of the aldermen and
the mayor. A three-arched bridge, erect^ed in 1738,
crosses the Corve; and two bridges, communicating with
Ludford and WhiteclifF, cross the Teme. The town-haU
and market-house are at the end of the main-street. The
guild-hall stands in Mill -street, and is a handsome
modern edifice. A prison stood on the site of Goalford's
tower, but has been disused. Assembly nsoms are in
Castle-street; and there are news-rooms, a jublio library,
a literary institution, a mechanics' insritnte, and a
museum of natural history.^the last containing many
antiquities and curiosities, and a choice collection of
fossils from the Ludlow rocks. The parish church is of
the time of Henry VII., of cruciform structure, 210 feet
by 73; includes a very fine hexagonal porch, and 2
chantiT chapels; has a tower 130 feet high, crowned with
pinnacles; contains a beautiful E windr.vr, three new-
stained glass yV windows, stalls, and sevcril interesting
monuments; and was restored, at great exf-rnse, in 1S63.
There are chapels for Independents, AV'esleyans, and
Primitive Jlethodists. The free giaramar school was
founded by Edward VI.; is open to children within 10
miles of the town; and has £186 a-year from endowment,
two exliibitions at Baliol College, Oxford, and an exhibi-
tion, at either Oxford, Cambridge, or Durham. The blue
coat school, over the market-cross, has an endowed in-
come of £63. The national schools, for bvvs, girls, and
infants, are a handsome new edifice. Hosvcr's alms-
houses for 33 persons, were founded in 14;-^, and rebuilt
in 1758; and have an eudoweil income of £224. Fox's
alnis-liouse has about £20. There arc a 'iispensary, a
lying-in institution, and charities, additional to those
already named, about £348.
The town has a head post-office,+ a railway station with
telegraph, two banking-olDces, and three chief inns ; and
is a scat of petty sessions, quartcr-sessioiLS, and county
courts, and a polling-place. A weekly corn and provi-
sion market is held on Monday; a weekly provision mar-
ket, on Saturday; a cheese fair, on the Jlonday before 13
Feb. ; a hop fair, on 28 Sept. ; general fairs, on the Tues-
day before Easter, Whit-AVednesday, 21 Aug., 23 Sept.,
the first Monday of Nov., and 6 Dec; and a hiring fair,
on 1 May. A manufacture of gloves was formerly carried
on, but is now extinct; considerable business is done in
malt; and there are com, paper, and other mills. The
town is governed by a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 12 coun-
cillors; and it sent two members to parliament from the
time of Edward IV. till 1867, but was then reduced to send-
ing only one. The municipal limits include only Ludlow
parish and Ludlow Castle; but the parliamentary limits
include likewise parts of Ludford, Stanton-Lacy, and
Bromfield parishes. Corporation income in 1855, £1,384.
Amount of property and income tax charged in 1S63,
£1,743. Electors in 1863, 359; in 1808, 426. Pop. of
the m. borough, in 1851, 4,691 ; in 1861, 5,178. Houses,
1,076. Pop. of the p. borough, in 1851, 5,376 ; in 1861,
6,0.33. Houses, 1,253.
The parish comprises 240 acres. Real property, in
1860, £16,008; of which £152 were in gas-works. Pop.
in 1861, 5,171. Houses, 1,075. The rocks are remarkable
for gi'^ang name to two formations in tlie Upper Silurian
series. I'hese are the fir^t and the third of nine forma-
tions which constitute that series ; they are called the
Upper and the Lower Ludlow rocks ; and they strongly
draw attention by their characteristic fossils. They con-
stitute only a very small tract around Ludlow itself; but
they extend into a large portion of North "Wales, even to
the coast of Flintshire; and extend also, in a narrow belt,
through South Wales, nearly to the seaboard of Carmar-
thenshire. A mineral spring is near the town. The
Ludlow hounds hunt in the neighbourhood, and are
kenneled at Wentmoor. The living is a rectorv in the
diocese of Hereford. Value, £160." Patron, Lady Mary
AVindsor Clive.
The sub-district contains the ni. borough of Lu'llow,
the parishes of Ludford, Stanton-Lat:y, li'ichards-Castle,
and Onibury; and the township of Bromfield. Acres,
22,697. Pop., 8,801. Houses, 1,809.— The district com-
prehends also the sub-district of C'ainham, containing the
parishes of Caiuham, Hope-Baggot, Bittcrley, Hopton-
Cangeford, Ashford-Bowdler, and Ashfurd-Carbonell; tho
sub-district of Jlunslow, containing the parishes of Mun-
slow, Holdgate, Tugford, Abdon, Clee-St. Jtargaret, and
Stoke-St. 2*Iilborough; the sub-district of Diddlebury,
containing tho parishes of Diddleburj-, Cold-Weston,
Culmington, and Stokesay, the chapelry of Halford, and
the extra - parochial place of Skirmage; and the sub-
district of Leintwardine, all electorallyiu Hereford, and
containing the parishes of Wigmore, Leinthall-Starkes,
Elton, Aston, Burrington, and Downton, and six town-
ships of Leintwardine. Acres, 87,573. Poor-rates in
1863, £8,423. Pop. in 1851, 17,051; in 1861, 17,721.
Houses, 3,554. Marriaj^es in 1863, 131; births, 562, —
of which 58 were illegitimate; deaths, 370, — of which
109 were at ages under 5 3-ears, and 10 at ages above 85.
}\Iarriages in the ten years 1851-60, 1/292; births,
4,837; deaths, 3,359. The places of worship, in 1851,
were 34 of the Church of England, with 7,712 sittings;
6 of Independents, with 610 s. ; 12 of Weslej-an Me-
thodists, with 1,832 s. ; 12 of Primitive Methodists,
with 1,210 s. ; 1 of Southcottian.-!, with 05 s. ; and 1 un-
defined, with 120 s. Tho schools were 20 public day-
schools, with 1,450 scholars; 29 private day-schools,
with 522 s. ; 23 Sunday schools, with 1,255 s, ; and
2 evening schools fur adults, with 8 s. Tho work-
house is in Stanton-Lacj-, and has capacity for 250 in-
mates.
LUDLOW AND CLEEIIILL KAILWAY, a railway
in Salop; from the Shrewsbury and Hereford at Ludlow,
6 miles east-north-eastward, to Cleehill. It was author-
ized in 1861, on a ca[iital of £30,000 in shares, and
£10,000 in loans; and was opened in Au". 1864.
LUDLOW-CASTLE, an extra-parochial pluco, com-
prising the site and ruins of the old castle, in the town
of Ludlow. Pop., 7- House, 1.
LUDXEY.
21 £
LUKE (St.).
LUDN'EV, a Ii.imlct in Graiiithoqic pnrish, Lincoln;
74 milps XE of Louth. Pop., 70.
LUDSTONK, .1 t-iwnsliip in CL-xvirley p.nrisli, Salop;
5\ miles E of niM-uoith. Pop., 95.
"LUDWELL, a hamlet on the SW bonier of Wilts; Sj
railes E by S of Shaftesbury. It has a post-office under
Salisburv.
LUDWORTH, a township in Glossop parish, Derby;
at the confluence of the rivers Kthorow and Coyt, 5 miles
SW of Glossop. It contains Marple, which has a post-
offic^ under Stockport. Real property, £7,394; of which
£1,006 are in mines. Pop. in 1851, 1,57S; in 1861,
l.GiO. Houses, 346. There are chapels for Independ-
ents, Primitive Jlethodists, and Roman Catholics ; and
the Roman Catholic one stands at JIarple-Bridge, and
was recently erected at the expense of Lord E. G. F.
Howard.
LUDWORTH, a hamlet in the E of Durhamshire; 5J
miles ESE of Durham citv. Ludworth tower here was
buUt in 1422, by Sir T. HoMen.
LUFFEXHALL, a hamlet in Clothall parish, Herts;
il miles NE of Stevenage.
LUFFENHAM, a railway station in Kutland; on the
Stamford, Market-Harborough, and Ellsworth railway,
6 miles SW of Stamford.
LUFFEXHAM (North), a village and a parish in
Uppingham district, Rutland. The village stands near
the river Chater, | of a mile NW of LufFenham r. sta-
tion, and 64 SW of Stamford ; and has a post-office
under Stamford. The jiarish comprises 1,999 acres.
Eeal properly, .£3,096. Pop., 491. Houses, 103. The
property is divided among a few. The manor and much
of the land belong to Lord Aveland. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Peterborough. Value, £624.*
Patron, Emmanuel College, Cambridge. The church is
• good; has a tower and spire; and contains a brass of
Archdeacon Johnson, founder of the Oakham and Up-
pingham grammar schools. Charities, £131 ; a portion
of which goes to a parochial school.
LUFFENHAM (South), a village and a pari.sh in
Uppingham district, Rutland. Tlie village stands ,^ a
mile S by W of Luffenham r. station, and Gk SW of
Stamford; and has a post-ofhoe under Leicester. The
parish comprises 1,417 acres. Real property, £1,896.
Pop., 400. Houses, S2. The property is subdivided.
The manor belongs to Lord Aveland. The Hall is oc-
cupied by the Misses Wiugfiekl. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Peterborough. Value, £423.* Patron,
Balliol College, Oxford. The church is variously Nor-
man, eaily English, decorated, and perpendicular; com-
prises nave, aisles, and chancel, with S porch and W
tower; and was repaired in 1861. There is a national
school.
LUFFIELD-ABBEY, an e.xtra-parochial tract in the
district of Buckingham, and coimties of Buckingham
and Northampton; near Whittlebury-forest, 5h miles
NKW of Buckingham. Acres, 510. Pop., IS. Houses,
C. A Benedictine priory was founded here, in 1124, by
Robert Ic Bossu, Earl of Leicester; was given, by Henry
VII., to the abbot of AVestminster; and passed to the
Thn-'ck:iiortons and the Duke of Buckingham. No re-
mains of the edifice now exist.
LUFFINCOTT, a parish in Holsworthy district, De-
von; on the linde canal and the river Tamar, at the
boundiry with Cornwall, f. miles S by W of Holswor-
thy, and (;i NNAV of Lifton r. station. Post-to^^^l,
LauKccston. Acres, 971. Real property, .t'667. Pop.,
71. Houses, 13. Tlie property is divided among a few.
The manor was anciently called Loghincot ; was held by
a family of the same name, fruin the time of Ilcniy III.
till t!i:it of Henry V. ; and belongs now to H. Jilagrovc,
Esi|. The living is a rectory in iIk^ diocese of Exeter.
Vahio, £07.* Patrons, ,1. 'Venner and J. Spettigue,
Esqs. The chundi is modem.
LUFFWICK. See Lowick, Northampton.
LL'FTON, a parish in Yeovil dishict, Somerset; 3
miles NW by W of Yeovil town and r. station. Post-
town, Yeovil. Acres, 2;'2. Pop., 31. Houses, 5.
The manor belongs to .1. F:'.riiMharson, Kscj. The liv-
ing is a rectorj- in the diocese of Bath and Wells.
Value, £107.* Patron, E. Newman, Esq. The church
was rebuilt in 1S(!6.
LUG (The), a river of Radnor and Hereford. It rises
about 8 miles Wof Knighton; runs south-eastward, past
Llangunllo, Presteigne^ Leominster, Stoke-Piior, and
Hampton-Bishop, to the AVye near ]\Iordif<.rd; is joined
by the Pinsley at Leominster, and by tlie Arrow at
Stoke-Prior; has a total course of about 50 miles; and
is subject to sudden floods after rain. It is hindered,
by the rapidity of its current in Hoods, from being ren-
dered very use"ful for navigation ; yet it is navigable up
to Lugvvardino-bridge.
LUGBRIDGE, a'hamlet on the river Lug, in Here-
fordshire; 2 miles NE of Hereford.
LUG VALLEY RAILWAY, a railway in Radnor-
shire; from the Central Wales line at Llangunllo, lOJ
miles southeastward to Presteigne. It was authorized
in 1865, on a capital of £90,000 in shares and £30,000
in loans.
LUGWAEDINE, a parish, with a village, in the dis-
trict and county of Hereford; on the river Lug, 1.) milo
SE of Wettington r. station, and 3 E by N of Hereford.
Post-town, Hereford. Acres, 2,097. Real pro-jierty,
£6,064. Pop. in 1851, 670; in 1S61, 748. House's,
151. The property is s'lbdivided. Longworth, Lug-
wardine Court, New Court, Hagley Park, Hephill, and
Wilcroft are chief residences. A three-arched bridge
spans the Lug. Hops are grown, and encaustic tiles are
made. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Here-
ford. Value, £440.* Patrons, the Dean and Chapter
of Hereford. The church is ancient but good; and has
a massive tower, with some curious sculptures. There
are a Roman Catholic chapel, a national schc'ol, and
charities, £26.
LUGYN-Y-LLAN iind LUGYN-Y-WERN, two
townships in Halkin parish, Flintshire; 2 miles SW of
Flint. Real propert}- of L.-y-L., £2,763; of which
£1,831 are in mines. "Real propeity of L.-y-W., £1,461;
of which £26 arc in mines, and £10 in quarries. Pop.,
6S9 and 576.
LUKE (St.), a parish and a district in Middlesex.
The parish forms all a compact portion of the metropo-
lis; lies averagely about 1 J mile NNE of St. Paul's; is
intersected by the line of the Roman road to Old Ford;
contains Finsbury-square, Bartholomew-square, Kiug-
squaro. New Artillery Grounds, Bunhill-fields cemeterj-,
and the City basin of Regent's canal; stands, to a con-
siderable extent, on the site of the quondam Jloorlields;
is divided, for local purposes, into the si.x liberties of
City-road, East Finsbuiy, West Finsburj', Golden-lane,
Old-street, and Wliitcrross-street ; has postal receiung-
offices| and postal pillar bo.xes under London E.C; and
enjoys facilities of railway commxmication, by ready
access to stations of the Metropolitan railway, and to the
railway tennini at Finsburv-circus and Liverpool-street.
Acres, 220. Real property!^ £214,425; of which £10,722
are in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 54,055; in 1861,
57,073. Houses, 6,356. The parish was originally a
part of St. Giles-Cripplegate ; and is now ecclesiastically
divided into St. Luke-Old-street, St. Barnabas-King-
square, St. Matthew-Citj--road, St. Paul-Bunhill-row,
St. Thomas-Charterhouse, St. JIary-Ch.arterhouse, and
part of St. Jlark-Old-street-road. St. Barnabas and St.
E'aul were made separate charges in 1841; St. Thomas,
in 1812; St. Matthew and St. 'jMark, in 1S4S; St. JIarv,
in 1862. Pop. in 1861, of St. Barnabas, 9,125; of St.
Matthew, 3,561; of .St. Paid, 5,896; of St. Thomas,
10,840; of the part of St. JIark, 2,392. TIic rc^t of St.
Jlaik is in Shoreditch jiarish; and had, in 1861, a poji.
of 3,037. The section for St. Mary was fornied out of
portions of the previous sections. The living of St.
Li:ke is a rectory, St. Thomas' a p. curacy, theotliers vic-
arages, in the dio. of London, Value of St. Luke, £578;''
of St. IJarnabas, St. Paul, and St. Mark, each £400;*
of St. Thomas, £400; of St. Matthew, ,t'300;* of St.
Mary, £200. Patrons of St. Luke, the Dean and CSiap-
tcr of St. Paul's; of St. B.irnabas and St. Paul, the Rec-
tor of St. Luke; of St. Matthew, St. Thonuas. and SU
LUKE (St.).
216
LULWORTH (East).
Mark, the Bishop of Londoa; of St. 3[ary, alternately
the Crown and the Bishop. St. Luke's church was one
of Queen Anne's fifty churches ; and has a front in the
Doric style, with a curious pyramidal tower. St. Bar-
nabas' church was built in 1823, at a cost of £12,853;
and has an Ionic porch, and a slender spire. St. Mat-
thew's church was of later erection, and has a very good
spire. The Tabernacle is an Independent chapel; and
was built, in 1735, by the celebrated preacher Wliittield.
The Wesleyan chapel, in City-road, was founded in 1777,
by John Wesley, who often preached in it; and it con-
tains a tablet to Charles Wesley, " the first who received
the name of Iilethodist. " The gi-ave of John Wesley is
behind the chapel; and a tomb covers the grave, was
originally erected in 1791, and was reconstructed and
enlarged in 1S40. The Koman Catholic chapel in Bloom-
field-street was regarded as the Koman Catholic cathe-
dral of Loudon, prior to the erection of St. George's
Southwark; and the remains of Weber were buried in it
till their removal, in 1844, to Dresden. St Luke's hos-
pital for lunatics dates from 1732; was built in 1751-
86, at a cost of £55,000; consists of brick, trimmed
with stone; comprises centre and wings, aggi-egately 493
feet long; contains accommodation for about 200 pa-
tients; and has an income of about £8,000. The City
of London lying-in hospital was founded in 1750 in Al-
dersgate; and was built on its present site in 1770-3.
The French Protestant hospital was founded in 170S, by
M. de Gastigny, and has capacity for 54 inmates. The
parochial school has an endowed income of £195; Wor-
ral's free school has £301 ; Fuller's school has £60 ;
Amyas's alms-houses have £224; and AIlejTi's alms-
houses have £59. The asylum for the houseless poor had
703 inmates at the census of 1861; St. Mark's hospital
for fistula had 32; and the militia ban-acks, in City-road,
had 89. The total of endowed charities is about £1,680.
A vestry hall was built in 1867; is 50 feet long, 25 wide,
and 25 liigh; and has a neat Italian front.
The district is couterminate with the parish ; and is
diWded into the sub-districts of Old-street, City-road,
Whitecross-street, and Finsbury. The Old-street sub-
district is bounded by a line commencing at the " Bull
and Earn" public-hou.se on the N side of Old-street,
running along the W side of Brick-lane and York-street,
crossing the City-road, taking the W side of North Mac-
clesfield-street to the boundaries of Islington and Clerk-
enwell parishes, including Goswell-street and King-
square, and the N side of Old-street from GosweU-
Etreet to the corner of Brick-lane. Acres, 52. Poj>. in
1851, 10,617; in 1861, 11,504. Houses, 1,321. The
City-road sub-district is bounded by a line commencing
at the SE comer of Brick -lane and York-street, crossing
the City-road, running along the E side of North Mac-
clesfield-street to the boundaries of Islington and Shore-
ditch parishes, down to tlie City of London Ij-ing-in-
hospital, and proceeding down the N side of Old-street
to the SE corner of Brick-lane. Acres, 77. Pop. in
1851, 16,840; in 1S61, 17,860. Houses, 1,925. The
^\^^itecross-st^eet sub-district consists of all the other
parts of the parish, excepting East Fin^bur}- and West
Finsbury liberties. Acres, 33. Pop. iuliil, 13,657;
in 1861, 14,778. Houses, 1,566. The Finsbury siil)-
district consists of East Finsbury and West Finsbury
liberties. Acres, 58. Pop. in 1851, 12,941; in 1861,
12,931. Houses, 1,544. Poor-rates of the district in
1863, £25,182. Marriages, in 1863, 304; births, 2,649,
— of which 53 were illegitimate; deaths, l,ol3,^of
which 853 were at ages under 5 years, and 11 at ages
above 85. Marriages in the ten years 1S51-60, 3,774;
births, 24,436; deaths, 12,822. The places of worship
in 1851 were 4 uf the Church of England, with 6,500 sit-
tings; 3 of Independents, with 4,427 s. ; 8 of Baptists,
with 1,296 s. ; 4 of Wesleyan Methodists, with 1,943 s. ;
1 of Primitive SlethodLsts, with 240 s. ; 1 of the Wes-
leyan Association, with 200 s. ; 1 of We5l»ryan Keforra-
ars with 2'jO s. ; and 2 of Latter Day Saints, with 350 s.
The schools were 16 public day schools, with 3,2.S1
scholars ; 71 jirivate day schools, with 2,020 s.; IG Sun-
day schooLs, witli 5,154 s. ; and 2 evening schools for
adults, with 14 s. The workliouse is in Slioreditch par-
ish; and, at the census of 1361, had 694 inmates. The
poor-law affiiirs are administered under a local act.
LUKE (St. ), Surrey. See Norwood.
LULLING.STANE, a hamlet in Lulliiigstonc parish,
Kent ; 6 miles S of Dartford. It was a separate parish
till 1412; it had a church of flint and Koman bricks;
and it was found to contain Eoman coins, part of a Ro-
man pavement, and other Roman remains.
LULLINGSTONE, a parish in Dartford district, Kent;
on the river Darent, and on the Seveuoaks railway, at
Eynesford r. station, 6 miles S of Dartford. Post-town,
EjTiesford, under Dartford. Acres, 1,530. Real pro-
perty, £1,609. Pop., 63. Houses, 5. The manor be-
longed to the Peches; passed to the Harts and the Dykes;
and, with Lullingstone Castle, belongs now to Sir Per-
cival Hart Dyke, I3art. The old castle, sometimes called
Shoreham Castle, was held by the Aldliams, under the
Archbishops of Canterbury; stood on a spot now occupied
by a farm-house; and has left some fragments. The
present castle is partly ancient, but chiefly of the latter
part of last century ; stands near the church, in a valley
between chalk hills; and is surrounded by a beautiful
park of about SOO acres. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of Canterbury. Value, £350. Patron, Sir P.
H. Dyke, Bart. The church is ancient; and contains a
good oak chancel screen, some fragments of stjined glass
of the decorated period, and remarkably fine 16th cen-
tury monuments uf the Peohe and Hart families.
LULLIXGTOX, a village, a township, and a parish,
in the district of Burton-upon-Trent and county of Derby.
The vill.ige stands on the S verge of the county, near the
river !Mease, 4 miles E of Oakley r. station, and 6^ S by
W of Burton-upon-Trent; was known at Donicsila)' as
Lidlitone ; and has a post-oHice under Burton-upon-
Trent. The township includes the village and extends
into the country. Real property, £3,603. Pop., 272.
Houses, 57. The parish contains also the township of
Coton-in-the-Elms, and comprises 2,933 acres. Real
property, £6,239. Pop., 625. Houses, 143. The pro-
perty of L. township is divided among a few; and that
of Coton is much subdivided. The manor of L. belongs
to C. E. Colvile, Esq. ; and that of C. to Lady Wilmot
Horton. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Lich-
field. Value, £165.* Patron, 0. R. Colvile, Esq. Tho
church was restored and extended in 1862, at a cost of
about £2,525; has a tower and spire; and contains a
font of Devonshire granite, resting on five shafts of Tor-
quay marble. Tiie vicarage of Coton is a separate bene-
fice. Charities, £7.
LULLINGTON, a parish in Frome district, Somerset;
2| miles N by E of Frome r. station. Post-town, Beck-
ington, under Bath. Acres, 637. Real propertj-, £1,231.
Pop., 137. Houses, 29. The manor and much of the
land belong to W. Duckworth, Esq. The liying is a vic-
arage in the diocese of Bath and Wells; and was an-
nexed in 1867 to Orchardleigh. Tiie church is of the time
of King Stephen; comprises nave, chancel, and side-
chapel, with a tower; and contains a fine early Norman
font. There is a British school.
LULLINGTOX, a parish in Eastboi:rne district, Sus-
sex; on tlie river Cuckuiere, 2A miles S of Berwick r. sta-
tion, and 6 SW of Hailsham. Po.st-town, Alfriston,
under Lewes. Acres, 1,162. Real property, £580.
Pop., 16. Houses, 3. The manor and much of the
land belong to Lady Amherst. The living is a ncarage
in the diocese of Ciiichester. Value, £40. Patron, the
Bishop of Chichester. The church is only about 16 f^et
square, and was the chancel of a much larger church.
LULLWOirni. See Lllwouth.
LULSLEY, a township-chapelry in Suckley parish,
Worcester; on the river Teine, at the boundarv with
Hereford, 2^^ miles NNE of Suckley village, and 7 AV of
AVorcester r. station. Po.>t-town, Martley, under Wor-
cester. Real property, £1,516. Po]i., 149. Houses,
34. Tlie living is a p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of
Sucklev, in tin; diocese of Worcester.
LULWURTH COVE. ?<jo Lulwohtk (West).
LULWORTH (E.vsr), a village and a parish in Warn-
LULWORTII (West).
217
LUXDY ISLAND.
ham district, Dorset. The village stands 1 mile from
the coast, 3J SSE of "Wool r. station, and 54 SW of
Wareham; and luv-s a nost-ofEoe under Warehaiu. The
parish, with West ]..uIworth, comprises 4,364 acres; of
which 2.T are water. Ke:il property of E. L. alone,
£2,2S.'>. Pop., 453. Houses, SS. The property be-
loDj,'ed to tlie Lnl worths; passed to the Ncwburglis, the
llowanls, and the Welds; and belongs now to Joseph
Weld, Esq. LiJworth Castle, the seat of Jlr. Weld, was
originally built in 1146; was rebuilt in 15S8-1641, chiefly
out of the ruins of Dindon abbey; is a cube of SO feet,
with two round corner towers, each 110 feet high; com-
mands a beautiful sea-view, tlirough a g-.ip in a range of
chalk hills; was visited by James I., Charles II., and
Ccorge 111.; gave an asylum, in 1S30, to Charles X. of
France, when diiven from his throne; contains a state-
bedroom, some famUy portraits by Lely, and others in
pencil by Hussey; and stands in a park of about five
miles in circuit, amid a verj- secluded tract of countrj-,
adjacent to a sequestered and veiy romantic reach of
coast. A modern chapel is connected with the castle,
but stands apart from it; and contains an illuminated
psalter of the time of Edward I., a copy of Eaphael's
picture of the Transfiguration, and an altar decorated
witli porphyry, alabaster, and Italian mai'ble. A trappist
mona-stery stood in the grounils prior to the peace of
1815. A tradition ascribed variously to Lulworth and to
PainshQl gave rise to O'Keefe's comedy of "The London
Hei-mit, or Eambles in Doi-setshire." There are a
treble-ditched camp of 5 acres, and several barrows. The
li'V'ing is a vicarage in the diocese of Salisbury. Value,
j£109. Patron, J. "V^'eld, Esq. The chuich was recently
rebuUt ; but retains an ancient embattled tower, and
some memorials of the Weld family. There art a school
■with £5 a-year from endowment, and charities £56.
LULWURTII (Wi:.ST), a village and a parish in Ware-
hain district, Dorset. The vUlage stands under Bindon
Mil, 5 mUes SSWof Wool r. station, and 8i SW by W of
"Wareham; curves over a length of nearly a mile to the
coast; has a post-oflioe under Wareham, and a good inn;
contains some lodging-houses; is a coast-guard station;
and communicates twice a-week in summer by steamer
with Weymouth. The acreage of the parish is returned
■with East Lulworth. Ileal property, £1,549. Pop., 446.
Houses, 05. A cove at the end of the village is one of the
most romantic inlets on the Dorset coast; has a circular
outline, overhung all vounil by lofty clilTs of chalk and
sand; opens to the sea by a narrow passage, between two
bluffs of Portland stone; and exhibits, in its engirdling
clitTs, a section of all the gcognostic formations between
the oolite and the chalk. A rock about a mile from the
cove is jiierced with a natural arch about 40 feet high;
and a face of cliff, about a furlong E of the cove, e.xhibits
a number of petrified trees. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £130. * Patron, the
Bishop of Salisbury. Tlie church is an old dilapidated
structure, with a small tower.
LUMD, a chapelry in Whalley parish, Lancashire;
adjaciiit to Yorksliire, at the top of Whitewell vale, un-
der the Cliviger hills, 2 miles N of Newchurch r. sta-
tion, and 5 S of Burnley. It contains the village of
Water ; and it was constituted in 1546. Post-town,
IS'ftwcliiirch, under JIanchestpr. Pop., 2,647. Houses,
518. The jiroperty is subdivided. Thf-re arc cotton and
■\voollen fictories, and stone quarries. The living is a
viear.ige in the dioce.^c of Manchester. Value, £150.
Putrou, alternately tlie Crown and the Bishop. Tlio
churcli is in the early Norman style; consists of nave,
transepts, and chancel, with a small turretted tower;
and w:is repaired in 1857. There are a Wesleyan chapel
of 1861, and Church of England, Baptist, and Britisli
schools.
LUMBV, a haiiil.-t in Slurbuvu pari.sh, W. E. York-
shire; on the North .Midl.iud r.ulway, 5j miles NNE of
I'oiitifr ict. Poj)., 174.
LL'.MLF.Y, u chapilry in Ch.-,terde-Stre.;t parLsh,
Durham; on Luinhy l;iek, ;in allhient of the river Wear,
2 miles N W of Eenre-lloii,es r. stati.m, and 2 SE of
Clicsti'.r-le-.Strei.t. It consists of the townships of Great
Lumlcy and Little Lumley; the former of which has a
post-oUice undt-r Eeuce-IIouses. Acres, 2,410. Eeal
pro[)erty, £19,7l>9; of which £15,300 are in mines. Pop.,
l,9-i8. Hous»>s, 412. The living is a vicara^^e in the
diocese of Durham. Value, £300. ■* Patron, the Bishop
of Durham. The church was built in 1859, and is in
the decorated English style. There are two Wesleyan
chapels, a national school, alms-houses for twelve widows,
and other charities £50.
LUMLICY (Gp.eati, a village and a township in Chcs-
tcr-le-Street parish, Durham. The village stands 2 miles
NW of Fence-IIous-s r. station, and 2 SE of Chestcr-le-
Street; and has a post-office under Fence Houses. The
township includes the village, and extends into the coun-
try. Pop. in 1S51, 1,730; in 1801, 1,555. Houses, 337.
The manor belongs to the Earl of Scarborough.
LUMLEY (Little^, a township in Chester-le-Street
parish, Durham; contiguous on the N to Great Lumlcy,
and IJ mile E of Ch -ster-le-Street. Pop. in 1851, 337;
in 1861, 373. Houses, 75. Lumley Castle here is the
seat of the Earl of Scarborough; was founded, in the time
of Edward I., by the Lumleys, descendants of Lj-ulph
the Saxon, and ancestors of the Earl of Scarborough;
v/as extended, in the time of Richard II., by Sir Kalph
Lumley; has since been partly rebuilt and modernized;
stands on a gentle elevation, with a lawn sloping to the
river Wear; forms a quadrangular pile of yellow free-
stone, flanked by octagonal towers; measures 196 feet
along the S front, and 84 feet by 75 in the inner court ;
contains a good collection of family portraits; is ap-
proached through a bold and stately gateway, and com-
mands a varied and very extensive view.
LUND, a chapelrj- in Kirkham parish, Lancashire; at
the head of the Eibble estuary, near the Preston and
WjTe railway, 3 miles ESE of Kirkham. It was con-
stituted in 1840. Post-town, Kirkham, under Preston.
Rated property, £7,429. Pop., 733. Houses, 138.
j\luch of the property belongs to Col. J. T. Clifton. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Manchester. Vahte,
£364.* Patron, Christ Church, Oxford. The church
was rebuilt in 1S24.
LUND, a village and a parish in Beverley district,
E. K. Yorkshire. The village stands on tlie wolds, 4
miles W by N of Lockingtou r. station, and 7 NW by N
of Beverley; and his a post-otfiee under Beverley. The
parish comprises 2,950 acres. Eeal property, £4,611.
Pop., 505. Houses, 102. The property is much sub-
divided. The living is a vicarage, recently united witli
Kilnwick, in the dio<,-ese of York. Value, £289. * Pa-
tron, C Grimston, Esq. The church is good, has an
embattled tower, and contains a number of monuments.
There are two Wesleyan chapels, and a parochial school.
LUND, in Hcuiu;gbrough, E. R. Yorksliire. Seo
Cliff-ci;.m-Lund.
LUNDS. See H:;lbeck-Lu.\ds.
LUNDY ISLAND, an extra-parochial island in Bide-
ford district, De\"on; in the mouth of Bristol channel,
12 mUes NNAV of Hartland poiut, and 19 W of Morte
point. It forms a breakwater to Bristol channel; rises
in high clitfs from the water; and is inaccessible except
at one point on the S. A vessel goes to it from Clovell}",
once a-ibrtnight in winter, and once a-week or oftener in
summer. Its length, from N to S, is about 2i miles;
its area is 920 acres; and its highest ground, a p>Tamidal
rock called the CoL^table, has an altitude of about 800
feet above sea-lovel. Its rocks are interesting to geolo-
gists, as showing junctions of granite and slate. lis
ditl' scenery is sombr-; and wild; its vicinity, all round,
is studded ■with islets, skerries, and rtefs, called the Eat
and Laniatry isles, ti..; Knoll, Pins, Gannets, Seal>. and
Gull rocks, and the Hen and Cliickcns reef; its SW ex-
tremity is cut by a r-markablc chasm, called the Devil's
Limekiln, with an outlet to the sea, confro;it;d l)y a
rock exactly comn./nsurate with it, and called the
Shutter; and its Ian iing-pluee is near Eat isle, and has
anchorage in from 5 to 12 f.ithoins watur. William do
Jloriseo, a nobleman by birth, who conspu'cd against tho
life of Henry III., took refuge in Lundy Island, built a
castle on it, made j'initical incursions on the neighbour-
2e
LUNE (The).
218
LUTOI^r.
ing coasts, and was at length surprised and pat to death.
Edward III., at a troublesome period of his disturbed
reign, endeavoured to retire hither for safety, but was
driven by contrary winds into Glamorganshire. Lord Say
and Sele garrisoned the island for Charles I. A party of
Frenchmen, in the time of William and >r:irj-, got pos-
session of it by stratagem, and destroyed all the property
of the inhabitants. The island afterwards belonged .suc-
cessively to different families: was sold, in 1840, for
£9,870; and belongs now to \V. Heaven, Escp It is
famous for uattle-foeding and for butter, and exports
large quantities. It still has remains of Morisco's castle,
and vestiges of an ancient chapel. A lighihouse also is
on it; erected in 1820; showing a lower fixed light 506
feet high, visible at tlie distance of 29 miles, and an
upper intermittent light, 567 feet high, brightening everj'
22 seconds, and visible at the distance of 31 miles. Pop. ,
48. Houses, 5.
LUNE (The), a river of Westmoreland and Lancashire.
It rises near Eavenstonedale in Westmoreland; runs
southward, past Tebay, Howgill, Kirkby-Lonsdale, and
Tunstall, to Hornby; proceeds southwestward, past
Caton and Lancaster, to the Irish sea, 6 miles SW of
Lancaster; has a total course of about 45 miles; is navi-
gable from the sea to Lancaster ; and has excellent
salmon-fishing. Its valley, from end to end, is pictur-
esque; and presents a rich variety of scenery, at first
mountainously grand, afterwards openly beautiful. Fiied
lights, for guiding the entrance of its navigation, stand
on Cockerham promontory and Plover Scar rock; were
put up in 1847; and are at heights of respectively 54 and
20 feet.
LUNE (The), a river of Westmoreland and Yorkshire.
It rises 2i miles SW of Micklefell; and runs about 12
miles, in the direction of E by N, through a mountainous
region, to the river Tees at the boundarj- with Durham,
li mile ESE of Middleton-in-Teesdale.
'LUNEDALE, a township in Komaldkirk parish, N. R.
Yorkshire; on the river Lune, 11 miles XW by W of
Barnard-Castle. It contains the hamlets of Birtle, Bow-
bank, Carbeck, Gra.^holme, Laith, Thwingarth, and
Wemergill. Acres, 21,680. Real property, £3,174.
Pop., 389. Houses, 63. Theie are a chapel of ease,
chapels for Wesleyans and Primitive JlethoJjsts, and an
endowed school with £10 a-year.
LUNT, a to\vnship in Sefton parish, Lancashire; on
the liver Alt, 8 miles N of Liverpool. Acres, 476. Real
property, £1,200. Pop., 78. Houses, 12. Nearly all
the property belongs to the Earl of Sefton.
LUNTLEY, a township in Deluyn parish, Hereford;
2 miles NNW of Weobly. Pop., 130.
LUNTS-HEATH, a hamlet in Widnes township, Pres-
cot parish, Lancashire; near the Mersey, 5.t miles SE of
Prescot.
LUPPITT, a village and a parish in Honiton district,
Devon. The village stands 2 miles W of the river Otter,
and 4 NNE of Honiton r. station; and luis a post-office,
under Honiton. The p.arish includes the tything of
Shapcombe, and comprisos 4,293 acres. Real propertj-,
£5,052. Pop., 714. Houses, 153. Tho ])roperty is
much subdivided. Tlie manor belonged anciently to the
Mohuns and the Carews, and bears the name of !Mohun's-
Ottery. The ancient manor-house became a farm-house,
was destroyed by fire in 1847, and is now represented by
three entrance-arches, with some beautiful carving. A
monastery stood anciently on a low site within the parish,
and was dissolved by AVilliam do Jlf'hun, at his founding
of the abbey of Newnham. The name Luppitt was an-
ciently written Love-pit, and is supposed to allude to the
site of the monastery. Tlie living is a '.-icai-age in the
diocese of Exeter. Value, £121.* Patron, ilrs. Ber-
nard. The cburch is ancient, in fair condition; consists
of nave, transepts, and chancel, with iiorch and tower ;
and contains monuments of the Carew.s. Charities,
£5.
LUPTON, a township in Kirkby-Lonsdale parish,
We.-itraoreland; near the river Lune, 4 miles NW by N
of Kirkby-Lonsdale. It includes the hamlet of Cowbrow.
Acres, 3,439. Real property, £2,987. Pop., 229.
Houses, 40. Lupton fell is a prominent feature; and
Lupton Hall is a chief residence.
LURGASHALL, a village and a parish in Midhurst
district, Sussex. The village stands 5 miles NW of
Petworth, and 5 SE of Haslemere r. station; and has a
post-office under Petworth. The parish includes a de-
tached portion, called Bittlcsham Cottage; and contain.^
places called Rundhurst, Dial-Green, II ill-Grove, Old
Jlill, Bosla.nd, Diddesfield, and Eamsfold. Acre.s, 4,850.
Real property, £3,493. Pop., 727. Houses, 119. The
property is divided among a few. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Chichester. Value, £463.* Patron,
Lord Leconfield. There is a national school.
LUSBY, a parish in Horncastle district, Lincoln; 4
miles WNW of Spilsby, and 54 ESE of Homcastlo r.
station. Post-town, Spilsbr. Acres, 760. Real pro-
perty, £1,766. Pop., 132." Houses, 27. The limits
include an allotment in the West Fen, with a pop. of 46.
The property is divided between two. The manor and
most of the land belong to the Bishop of Lincoln. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Lincoln. A''alue,
£200. Patron, the Bishop of Lincoln. The church is
good, and has a bell-turret. There is a Wesleyan chapel.
LUSCOMBE, a hamlet in Harberton parish, Devon;
near Totnes. Pop., 55. Luscombe House was built by
Nash, and is the seat of C. Hoare, Esq.
LUSHCOTT, a township, conjoint with LongviUe, in
Eaton parish, Salop ; on Wenlock Edge, 5^ miles SW of
Much-Wenlock.
LUSHILL, a tything in Castle-Eaton parish, Wilts;
3i miles NW of Highworth.
LUSTLEIGH, a \'illage and a parish in Newton-
Abbot district, Devon. "The village stands near the
JIoreton-Hampstead railway, 4 miles SSE of Moretoii-
Hampstead; and has a post-office under Newton-Abbot, •
andarailway station. The parish comprises 2, 939 acres; of
which 654 are common. Real property, £2,024. Pop.,
322. Houses, 61. The property is divided among a
few. The surface exhibits much picturesque and roman-
tic scenery, and has many fine rocks and crags. Lust-
leigh Cleave is a widely secluded vale, fla;nked by hills
which almost hide it from the search of travellers, and
overhung by crags of fantastic form. One of the crags
looks like a ruined edifice, is covered with ivy, and bears
the name of Raven's Tower; and another has a shattered
character, is a reti'eat of foxes, and bears the name of
Foxes' Yard, There are some Drnidical remains, and a
logan stone. The li^-ing is a rectory in the diocese of
Exeter. Value, £200.* Patron, the Rev. F. Ensor.
The church is old but good; contains a carved oak
screen, a Norman font, and monuments of the Dinhams
of the time Edward II. or Edward III.; and has, at tlie
threshold of its S porch, an inscribed stone of the Romano-
British period. There are a Baptist chapel and a parochial
school.
LUSTON, a township in Eye parish, Hereford; 2i
miles N by W of Leominster. Real property, £4,900.
Pop., 431. Houses, 105. The manor belongs* to W. T.
K. Davies, Esq.
LUTLF.V, a hamlet in Halesowen parish, Worcester;
2 miles AV of Halesowen. Acres, 430. Real property,
£893. Pop., 130. Houses, 28.
LUTON, a toivn, a township, a parish, a sub-disti'iot,
and a district, in Beds. The town staiub on the river
Lea, and on the Hatfield and Leighton-Buzzard branch
of the Great Northern railway, 2^- miles SE of loknicld-
street, and 19 S by E of Bedford. Its site is a valley,
surrounded by hills. Its name is a corruption either of
Leatown or of Lowtown. The gi-ound on which it stands
was given by Offa, king of Jlercia, in the 8th century,
to the abbey of St. Albans; belonged, at Domesday, to
the Crown; went, in 1216, to Fulke de Brent, who built
a castle on it; and passed to the Wenlocks. The town
acquired importance in the time of James I., by being
made the seat of a straw-hat maaufacturo, which Mary,
Queen of Scots, had introduced from Fraurc ; it .sulfered
A check to its prosperity, by the transference of that
manufacture, in a considerable degree and for some time,
to Dunstable; it eventually recovered its status as tlu
LUTON.
21P
LUTTERWORTH.
largest seat of that manufacture in Great Hritain; and it
so throve upon it in the decado from 1S51 till 1S61 a.-?
then to iacre.ise its p(j]>iilation, on account of it, marly
50 tcr ct-nt. It consists chiefly of streets divci';,'iiii,'
from a eentril market-place; but has, of late years, bucu
pTeaf.y cxtendetL The plait-hall stands in Cheapsidc
and \\'.i!!er-3trcet; and ^vas built in ISOO, at a cost of
about £?,000. The corn-exchange is on the site of the
■ oM t-.-'xn-hall; was built in 1569, at a cost of abnut
£?,(:■''; and is in the Venetian-Gothic style. The
toim-h.iU stJiids at the junction of the Bedford and the
DuL^talle roads; and is a handsome edifice. The court-
house xras built by the county; stands in Stuart-street;
and includes some prison cells. St. Marj''s church is
panly decorated English, partlj' later English; com-
f irises nave, aisles, transepts, and clioir; has a W em-
■at:le>i tower in chequerwork 90 feet high, surmounted
at the comers by hexagonal turrets; includes, in the S
lrria=epr, a lofty stone baptistry, with groined roof and
piiicacles, standing over a famous baptismal font sup-
jiortevl by five pillars, and said to have been presented
by Queen Anne Boleyn ; includes also, on the N side of
the ch.\ncel, an elegant chapel, built prior to 1461 by
Sir John 'Wenlock; and contains four richly ornamented
sediii^, several royal armorial bearings, several arched
altar-tombs, some very ancient brasses, and a number of
han..isome modem monuments and cenotaphs. Christ
ChcrcQ was bailt in 1856; and was improved at a cost of
£3,50) in 1S65. The Independent chapel in lung-street
was built in 1866, at a cost of about £6,000; is in the
pointe*! style, with a spire; contains about 1,200 sittings;
and Lnclndes a basement-school, capable of accommodat-
ing 1.200 children. The Union Congregational chapel is
in London-road. The Baptist chapel in Park-street was
retuHt in 1S67: and that in "Wellington-street is recent.
The Ebenezer Baptist chapel is in Dumfries-street; the
Ebezezer Calvinist chapel is in Hastings-street; and the
Quakers' chapel is in Castle-street. Two "Wesleyan cha-
j'els are in Waller-street and Chapel-street; the one built
in li63, the other also recent; and one of them is a hand-
some edifice, cost upwards of £3,000, and cont;iin3 about
1,7'"0 sittings. A Primitive Methodist chapel is in High-
towiu There are a literary institution and news-rooms,
a voting women's literary institute, a national school, a
British school, a school endowment of £30 a-year, alms-
h.>n.=es with. £13, other charities £74, and a workhouse.
The town has a head post-oflice,J a railway station with
ttletrraph. two banking-ofFices, a count}' police station, a
fire-brigade establishment, and four chief inns; is a seat
fif t'*trv--sessions and county courts, and a polling-place;
and publishes two weekly newspapers. A weekly mar-
ket for corn and straw-plait is held on Monday; a weekly
market for provisions, on Saturday ; fairs for cattle, on
the third ilonday of April and the third Monday of Oc-
tol-er; and a hiring-fair, on the Friday after the third
Monday of September. The straw-hat and bonnet raa-
nafaoture is carried on in large and handsome buildings,
and exports its produce to all parts of the world. There
is an iron-foundrv. Pomfret, the poet, was a native.
Real property, of the town, in 1S60, £44,433; of which
£554 were in the railway, and £526 in gas-works. Pop.
in 1S51. 10,645; in 1861, \5,S19. Houses, 2,724.
The to^vnship is conterminate with the town. The
T-aris'n contains also the handets of East Hyde, West
llvde, Stnp-ilov, Leegrave, and Liinbury-cum-l!iscott.
Acres, 15,750.' Real property, £62,350. Pop. in 1851,
12,757; in 1S61, 17,821. Houses, 3,196. Summeries
Tower, 1] mile K3K of the town, formed jiart of an
.-uicient mansion of the Wcnlncks, now all destroyed ex-
cept the portico. Luton iloo, IJ mile SSE of the town,
was b'.;ilt l>y the Earl of Bute, prime Tniuistcr of George
III.; was the seat of the late Marquis of Bute; hada
splendid chapil of richlj* carved wood ; sulfereil vast
ilamage by fire, with total destniction of the chapel, in
1543; p.as-w^^d to John Shaw Leigh, Esq.; has been com-
plet-rly restored; and stands in a verj- fine park of 1,670
a-^res. Stockwoo<l, 1 mile SSW of the town, is tlio seat
of J. S. Cr.nvlcy, E-H]. The pari.-;h is ecclesiastically cut
Lr.to the sections of St. Mary, Christchurch, East Hyde,
Stopsley, and Biscott. East Hyde was made a separate
charge iu 1859; Christchurch and Stopsley, in 1861; and
Biscott, in 1S6G. Pop. of the Christchurch section, in
1861, 6,653. Housis, 1,150. The livings of St. Mary
and Christchurch are vicarages in the diocese of Ely.
A'alue of St. Mary, £1,350.* Patron, the Rev. A. King.
Value and patron of Christchurch, not reported. East
Hyde and Stopsley are scparatelj- noticed.
The sub-district contains also the parishes of Suudon-
Streatley, Barton-in-the-Clay, and Caddington,— part of
tlie last electnrally in Herts. Acres, 26,967. Po)).,
21,419. Houses, 3,967. — The district comprehends
also the sub-district of Dunstable, containing the par-
ishes of Dunstable, Houghton-Regis, Totternhoe, Whip,
snade, Studham, and Kensworth, — all the lost and part
of the preceding elcctorally in Herts. Acres of the
district, 40,836. Poor-rates in 1863, £13,206. Pop.
in 1851, 25,087; in 1861, 30,712. Houses, 5,865. Mar-
riages in 1863, 297; births, 1,144,— of which 92 were ille-
gitimate; deaths, 331, — of which 2S2 were at ages under
5 years, and 6 at ages above 85. Jlarriages in the ten
years 1851-60, 2,213; births, 9,876; deaths, 5,662. The
places of worship, in 1851, were 12 of the Church of Eng-
land, with 4,841 sittings; 13 of Baptists, with 3,956 s.;
1 of Quakers, with 220 s. ; 18 of Wesleyan Methodists,
with 4, 705 s. ; 2 of Primitive IMethodists, with 530 s. ;
3 undefined, with 1,142 s. ; and 2 of Latter Day Saints,
with 130 s. The schools were 13 public day schools,
with 1,386 scholars; 50 private day schools, with 1,018
s. ; 41 Sunday schools, with 5,688 s. ; and 1 evening
school for adults, with 31 s. The workhouse, at the
census of 1861, had 150 inmates.
LUTO!N, a chapehy in Chatham parish, Kent; li
mile SE of Chatham r. station. It was constittited in
1852; and it has a post-office under Chatham. Pop. in
1861, 2,730. Houses, 580. The property is divided
among a few. Brick-making is largely carried on. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Rochester. Value,
£80.* Patron, the Rector of Cliatham. The church is
good.
LUTON, a hamlet-chapelry in Bishops-Teignton par-
ish, Devon ; 3 miles NW of Bishops-Teignton village,
and 4A N of Newton-Abbot r. station. Post-town,
Bishops-Teignton, under Teignmouth. The acreage and
pop. are returned with the parish. The manor belongs
to Lord Clifford. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese of Exeter; and till ls6ti was united with Bishops-
Teignton. Value, £65. The church is in the pointed
style, and consists of nave and chancel.
LUTON, a handet iu Broadhembury parish, Devon ;
4\ miles NW of Honiton. Pop., 49.
LUTTERWORTH, a small town, a parish, a sub-dis-
trict, and a district, in Leicester. Tlie town stands on
a dccli^'ity adjoining the river Swift, 2i miles E of
Watling-street at the boundary mth AVarwick, 3| SE of
Ullesthorpe r. station, and 74 NNE of Rugby; is noted
as the place where WyclifFe lived and ministered ; con-
sists of regular streets, paved and clean; has, in receut
years, undergone great improvement; is a seat of pietty
sessions, and a polling-place ; and has a head post-olfice,+
a bankiug-olBce, a police-station, two chief inns, a town-
liall and market - house, a church, four dissenting
chapels, a mechanics' institute, a parochial librarj-, an
endowed school for boys, an endowed school for girls,
alms-houses, and a workhouse. The endowed charities,
including the sums for the scliools and the alms-hotises,
amount to £637 a-year. The town-hall and market-
house stands in High-street; was erected in 1836 ; is a
neat stuccoed brick structure, with a tctrastyle Ionic
portico; and is occasionally used for public meetings,
concerts, and exhibitions. "The church is ancient; was
restoreil iu 1740; comprises nave, aisles, and ehanctd,
with a lofty tower; contains the pulpit in whii h Wyclilfe
preached, his poi-trait, his dining-table, and his ve-.t-
ment; and, excepting the porch and the t'uver, was re-
stored in 1S67-9, under the care of G. G. Scott, at a cost
of £7,700. A weekly market is held on Thurday; a large
sheep market, on the Thursday after Old Mii'haelmas;
cattle fairs, on 2 April, Holy Thursday, and 16 Sept.;
LUTTON.
LTDU.
end a huing-fair, on the Friday after 16 Sept. — The
parish comprises 1,S90 acres. Real propertv, £10,749.
Pop. in 1S51, 2,446; in 1861, 2,289. Houses, 513.
The manor belonged to the Yerduns; passed to the Sack-
nlles and the Astleys; and belongs now to Earl Den-
bigh. An hospital was founded, about 1,2'10, by Eoesia
de Verdun; and became a seat of the Suckburghs. The
living is a rectory iu the diocese of Petersborough.
Value, £535.* Patron, the Crown.
The sub-district and the district are conterminate ;
and they contain the parishes of Lutterworth, Cottes-
bach, Shawell, Catthorpe, Swinford, ilisterton, South
Kihvorth, North Kilworth, Kimcote - \rith - Walton,
Bnmtingthorpe, Arnesby, Peatling-ilagna, Peatling-
Parva, Gilmorton, Bitteswell, "Willoughby-TVaterless,
Ashby-Magna, A.shby- Parva, Dunton-Iias=ett, Brough-
ton-Astley, Frowlesworth, Leire, and most of Claybrooke
and Knaptoft, electorally in Leicester, the parish of
"Wniey, and parts of Monks-Kirby and Claybrooke,
electorally in Warwick, and the parish of \VelforJ,
electorally in Northampton. Acres, 59.031. Poor-
rates in 1863, £9,431. Pop. in 1851, 16,194; in 1861,
51,515. Houses, 3,636. Marriages in 1863, 86; births,
484, — of which 43 were illegirimate ; deaths, 307, — of
which 92 were at ages under 5 years, and 10 at ages
above 85. Marriages in the ten years 1S51-60, 1,033;
births, 4,427; deaths, 3,029. The places o! worship, in
1851, were 29 of the Church of England, with 7,300 sit-
tings; 8 of Independents, with 2,123 s.; 8 of Baptists,
with 1,523 s.; 2 of Wesleyan Methodists, with 210 s. ;
2 of Primitive Methodists, with 185 s.; 2 of Latter Day
Saints, with SO s. ; and 1 of Jews, with 30 s. The schools
were 24 public day schools, with 975 scholars; 31 pri-
vate day schools, with 603 s. ; 32 Sunday sohocls, with
1,790 s.; and 4 evening schools for adults, with 75 s.
The workhouse stands at the end of the old wood market
in Lutterworth; was erected in 1840; and has capacity
for 200 inmates.
LUTTON, a hamlet in South Brent parish, Devon; 6
miles W of Totnes.
LUTTON, a hamlet in Comwood parbh, Devon ; 9^
miles NE by E of Plymouth.
LUTTON, Kent. See Luton.
LUTTON, or Luddington-in-the-Wold, a parish in
the district of Oundle and counties of Northampton and
Huntingdon ; 5 miles E of Oundle town and r. station.
Post-town, Oundle. Acres, 1,509. Keal property of
the N portion, £727. Pop., 163. Houic-s, 37. ileal
property of the H. portion, £341. Pop., 33. Houses,
6. The property is divided among a few. The manor
belongs to the Hon. G. W. Fitzwilliam. The living is
a rectory, united with the rectory of 'Washinglej", in the
diocese of Peterborough. Value, £220.* Patron, the
Hon. G. "W. Fitzwilliam. The church consists of nave,
aisles, and chancel, with a tower; and was recently in
disrepair. There are a '\\'esleyan chapel, and charities
ill.
LUTTON -BOURNE, or Suttox-St. NiciroLA.s, a
chapelry, with a village in Long Sutton parish, Lin-
coln ; 2 miles N of Long Sutton r. station, and 5 E of
Holbeach. Post-town, Long Sutton, under AVisbeach,
Acres, 3,845. Real property, £8,702. Pop., 817.
Houses, 173. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
Lincoln. Value, £166. Patron, the Viear of Long Sut-
ton. The church is old ; was repaired in 1 S59 ; and con-
sists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a tower and spire
159 feet high. There are chapuls for Primitive ilethod-
ists and Unitarians, and a national school. Dr. Busby,
the famous schoolmaster of the 17th century, was a
native.
LUTTO.N (Ea.st and Wp;st), or Luttoxs AiiBO, a
township-chapelry iu WeavcrthoriK; parisli, E. R. York-
shire; 6.'j miles SSE of Heslertou r. statioi., and 9if NW
by N oi Great Dritiield. Post-town, Weav.-rthorpe, under
York. Acres, 2,130. Real property, i,2,Sll. Pop.,
432. lIouse.s, 90. The living is a p. curacy, annexed
to the vicarage of Helpcrthorpe, in the diocese of York.
LUXI30R0UGH, a village and a pari-h in Williton
district, Somerset. The village stands 4^ latlcs SSW of
Dunster, and 7i W of 'SViUiton r. station; and has a post-
office under Taunton. The parish coni]irises 3,740 acres.
Real property, £3,317. Pop., 521. Houses, 103. Ths
property is subdivided. The manor lielongs to the
tnistees of the late Sir Thomas Lethbridge. Cliai-gott
Lodge is the residence of C. Lethbridge, Esr[. Much of
the surface is uncultivated land and lofty hills. Iron mines
are worked on Breudon hill ; and a railway goes from
them to AVatcliet. An ancient British canij) and many
ancient barrows also are ou that hill. The parish is a
meet for the Devon and Somei-set bounds. The living
is a p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Cutcoinbe, in
the diocese of Bath and WeUs. The chiu-ch comprises
aisles and chancel, \\-ith a tower. There are a dissenting
chapel and a parochial school.
LUXBOROUGH, or Loxborouoh, a hamlet in the
S\V of Esse.K; on the river Roding, 6i mUes SSE of Wal-
tham -Abbey.
LUXULiON, or LrxcxYAX, a village and a parish in
Bodmin district, Cornwall. The \-illage stands 4 miles
WSW of Lostwithiel r. station, and 6 S by W of Bod-
min; and has a post-office under Boilmin, and faii-s on
2 July and 7 Oct. The parish comprises 5,354 acres.
Real propertv, £3,945; of which £47 are in mines. Pop.
in 1851, 1,439; in 1861, 1,329. Houses, 275. The de-
crease of pop. arose partly from decline iu the working
of granite and stream-tin. The propertj' is divided
among a few. Prideaux is the seat of Sir 0. Rashleigh,
Bart. ; occupies the site of a castle, said to have been
built before the Norman conquest; and is itself an an-
cient quadrangular edifice, with stairs of granite. Pri-
dcaux Warrcu, on a height adjoining the mansion, is the
vestige of an ancient earthwork. Granite quarries have
long been worked; and a branch railway goes from them
to a line of mineral railway, running to the coast. Th^
gi-anite is of a very beautiful kind; furnished the material
for the lighthouse and beacon on Plj-ni'iuth breakwater;
and furnished also the block of 70 tons out of which the
sarcophagus of the Duke of "Wellingtnn was fonr.ed.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of E.vcter. Value,
£230.* Patron, Sir C. Rashleigh, Bart. The church
is ancient but good; has a tower; and was the dej'osi-
tor)' of the stanuarj- records during the civil war. There
are chapels for 'Wesleyans and Bible Christians, and a
national school.
LYD (The). See Lid (The).
LYDBROOK. See Lidbrook.
LYDBURY (North), a village, a parish, and a sub-
district, in Clun district, Salop. The village stands near
the Bishops-Castle railway, 2f miles SE of Bishops-
Castle ; and has a post-ofiice under Shrewsbury. The
parish contains also the townships of Acton, Brockton,
Lower Down, Eaton, Choulton, Eyton, Plowden, and
Totterton. Acres, 7,520. Real property, £9,706. Pop.
in 1851, 964; in 1861, 1,025. Houaes,' 191. The pro-
perty is chiefij- divided among four. The manor belongs
to the Eari of Powis and W. Plowden, Esq. "Walcot
Park is the seat of the Earl of Powis; ami contains many
Inrlian products brought lather by Lord Clive, and .some
good paintings. Plowden Hall is the seat of W. Plow-
den, Esq. ; and was the residence of Plowden, the author
of the " L'ommeutaries." Totterton Hall is a han'lsomo
mansion. A castellated seat of the bishops of Hereford
was here in the time of Henry III. Traces of an ancient!
Britisli camp are iu Lower Down. Building stone is
quarried. The living is a vicarage, united with the p.
curacy of Norburj', in the diocese of Hereford. Value,
£660.* Patrons, the Representative:- of the late Rev. J.
B. Bright. The church is ancient; has undergone mo-
dern improvements ; and includes an ancient chapel,
with stone altar, and ancient oak candlesticks. There-
are a Ro;iian Catholic chapel, a free library, a jiar-
ochial free school, an endowed school with £11 a-)-ear,
and charities £38. — The sub-district contains also t\v>
other pari-hes and three extra-parochial tracts. Acres,
13,412. Pop., 1,903. Houses, 378.
LYDD, a small town, a parish, and a sub-district, in
Romney-ilarsh district, Kent. The town stands near
the coast, 0^ miles S\V by S of New Romuey, 4 NW of
LYDDEN.
221
LYDLEY-HAYES.
Prm^eness, nml 7i SW of Applcilore r. station ; is a
member of Komnoy cinque-port, auil a borough bj- pro-
scription; is governed by a bailiff, ji'.rats, and freemen,
— the bailitr and jurats elected annually ; is a seat of
petty sessions; hail, till recently, a ■weekly market; and
has a post-ofEce} under Folkestone, a neat market-house,
a church, a Wesleyan chapel, a national school, breweries,
and a fair on the last Monday of July. The church is
later English, and large; has a lofty handsome tower,
supposed to have been erected by Cardinal Wolsey, who
held the benefice in right of the abbey of Tintern; con-
tains an altar-torab to Sir "W. Meynell of the time of
Edward III., and a number of brasses; and was given,
by one of the De Clares, to Tintern abbey. The par-
ish comprises 11,7S8 acres of land, and 1,715 of water.
Keal property, £16,SS9. Pop. in 1S51, 1,605; in 1S61,
1,667. Houses, StjO. The land is of various character;
a great portion appears to be of more recent forma-
tion than the adjacent marshes; and parts, called the
Kype and Midrips, run out in narrow tongues; yet
reaches of the beach are suffering inroads by the sea,
and are f ut by it into pits or water-holes. A long tract,
called the Holmstone, was once covered with sea-holly,
locally termed holm, and of an unusual size. A heap
of stones, at Stone-end on the shore to the E of the
town, was long traditionally regarded as the tomb of Sts.
Crispin and Crispianus, who were alleged to have been
shipwrecked and buried here. The living is a vicarage
in the dioce.se of Canterburj-. Value, £1,450.* Patron,
the Archbishop of Canterbury. Charities, about £130.
See Dtngexess. — The sub-district contains also seven
other p.mshes. Acres, 26,114. Pop., 2,826. Houses,
593.
LYDDEX, a viUaga and a parish in Dover district,
Kent. The village stands on W'atliug-street, adjacent
to the London, Chatham, and Dover railway, in a valley
between high chalk hiUs, 2 miles XW of EweU r. sta-
tion, and 5 NW of Dover. The parish comprises 1,422
acres; and its post-town is Dover. Keal propertv,
£1,453. Pop., lOS. Houses, 40. The property is di-
vided among a few. Considerable springs rise here; and
str'jamlets, flowing from them, have a subtcrKineau
course and fall into the sea, under the name of Lydden
spouts, from the cliffs at Hougham, about 4 miles dis-
tant. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Canter-
bury. Value, £100.* Patron, the Archbishop of Can-
terbur\\ The church was rebuilt in 1 833 ; and consists
of nave and chancel, with a tower.
LYDDINOTON. See Liddikgtox.
LYDDYMORE, a hamlet in St. Decmnans parish,
Somerset; near 'Watchet.
LYDE. See Pipr and Lyde.
LYDEARD-BISHOPS. See Bisnors-LvDE.^nD.
LYDEAED-MILLICENT. See Liddiard - Mil-
LYd'eAEDPUXCIIARDOX, a tything in Bishops-
Lvdeard parish, Somerset; 4 miles XE of ililverton.
Real propertv, £1,009.
LYDEARD-St. LAWRENCE, a village and a parish
in Taunton district, Somerset. The village stands 2
mUes NNE of Bishops-Lydeard r. station, and S XW of
Taunton; and has a post-office under Taunton. The
parish comprises 2,697 acres. Real property, £3,947.
Pop., 6Ct. Houses, 134. The property is divided
chiefly among four. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of IJa'th and Wells. Value, £322.* Patron, R. Harvey,
Esq. The churcli is partly of the 14th century, mainly
of the 15th; and consists of nave, aisle, tiansept, and
chanrel, with porch and tower.
LVDEARn-TRi:G(X>ZE. See Lii.diard-Treegooze.
LYDEWAY, a tything iu Urchfont parish, AYilts;
3i miles SE of Dcvi.as. Pop., 45.
LYDFDRD. See Liufokd.
LVDFORD (East), u parish in Shcpton-Malkt dis-
trict, Somerii t ; on tlic river Iiiue and tlie Fosse way, 4
miles W of Ca.itlc-Cary r. station. Po.>ttown, Somer-
ton, under Taunton. Acres, 706. Real I'Voperty, £1,455.
Pop., 17i>. House.-i, 40. The proiierty is siiblivided.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Bath and Veils.
Value, £1S6.* Patron, the Rev. J. J. Moss. The
old church stood in a low meadow, and became very
dilapidated. The present church was built on another
site, in 1S66, at a cost of nearly £3,000, all defrayed by
the Rev. J. J. iloss; is in the early Englisli style;
comprises nave and chancel, with a bold S porch; and
has a tower at the X side of the chancel-arch, sqiiare in
the basement, octagonal above, and suruiounted by a
spire about 100 feet high.
LYDFORD (West), a \-iUage and a parish in Shep-
ton-Mallet district, Somerset. The village stands on the
river Brue, 4j miles W of Castle-Cary r. station; and
has a five-arched bridge across the river, a post-office
under Taunton, and fairs on Holy Thursday and 12 Aug.
The parish comprises 1,900 acres. Real property, £2, 633.
Pop., 320. Houses, 69. The property is diwlcd among
a few. The manor belongs to 3Irs. Colston. The living
is a rectorj- in the diocese of Bath and "Wells. Value,
£350. * Patron, Mrs. Colston. The church was rebuilt
in 1846, at the e.xpeuse of the Colstons; is in the pointed
style; consists of nave, transept, and chancel, with porch
and tower ; and h.as a fine memorial window. Thero
are a Wesleyau chapel, a national school, and chari
ties £14.
LYDGATE, a village and a chapelrj- in Saddlewortli
to\\Tiship, Rochdale parish, W. R. Yorkshire. The vil-
lage stands on a hill, near the boundary with Lancashu'e,
IJ mile W of Greenfield r. station, and 3 E of Oldham.
The chapelry was constituted in 1844; and its post-towni
is Lees, under ^Manchester. Pop. in 1861, 6,124. Houses,
1,221. The surface is mountainous. The inhabitants
are employed chiefly in cotton-mills. The living is a,
vicarage in the diocese of Manchester. Value, £300.*
Patron, the Vicar of Rochdale. The church was buUt
in 17SS, comprises aisles and chancel, and has a cupola.
Tliere are chapeh for Independents and Wesleyaus.
LYDGATE, a village in Xetlier Hallam township,
Sheffield parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 1 mile W of Sheffield.
LYDGATE, a hamlet in Holnifirth chapelry, W. R.
Yorkshire; 14 mile EXE of Holmfirth. It has a Uni-
tarian chapel.
LYDGATE, Suffolk. See Lidg.ite.
LYDHAM, a village in Clun district, Salop, and a
parish partly also in the district and county of !Mont-
goiuery. The village stands near the river Can^let, at
the boundary with Wale?, and near Lydham-Hcath r.
station, 2 miles XXE of Bishops-Castle. The parish
comprises 1,943 acres in S.dop, and 1,125 acres, form-
ing the township of Aston, in Montgomery. Post-
town, Bishops-Castle, Shropshire. Real property of the
Salop portion, £2, 437. Pop. of the whole, 2i^5. Houses,
29. Pop. of the Salop portion, 143. Houses, 19. The
property is much suUli-v-ided. Tlie manor belongs to
the Rev. A. Oakeley. Oakley House is the chief resi-
dence. The living is a rectorv in the diocese of Here-
ford. Value, £463. Patron, the Rev. A. Oakeley. The
church is ancient but gcod, and has an ancient font.
LYDIARD. See Lytieapo) and Liiidiaep.
LYDIATE, a\illage and a chnpelry in llals.all parish,
Lancashire. The village stands near the Leeds and
Liverpool canal, 2| miles W of Town-Green r. station,
and 4j SW of Ormskirk; and has a post-ofilce under
Ormskirk. The chanelrj- comprises 1,995 acres. Real
pvojierty, £6,01S. P'op., S43. Houses, 152. The pro-
pertv is divided among a few. The manor belongs to
T. W. Blundell, Esq. Lydiate Hall is now a farm-
house. Lydiatc abbey was in the course of erection at
the Reformation; was left uncomjileted at the dissolution;
and is now a fine ivy-clad ruin, inclurliug S wall and
castellated tower. Th: living is a p. curacy in the dio-
cese of Chester. Vnhie, £150.* Patron, the Rector of
Il.xlsall. The church was built in 1S41 ; is iu the pointed
styk' ; and con. prises two aisles and a chancel, with a
pinnacled tower. A Roman Catholic church was built
in 1653; and consists of nave, three aisles, and chancel,
with tower, and spire. There are a parochial sdiool and
a Roman Catholic school.
lA'ULEV-II.Wl"..'^, a township in Cariington parish,
Salop; 44 miles XXE of Cliurch-Stretion. Pod., ,^2.
LYDLINCH.
LYME-REGIS.
LYDLIXCH, a parish in Sturminster district, Dorset;
on EQ afHueat of the river Stour, 3 miles WSW of Stur-
minster r. station. Post-town, Sturminster-NeTrton,
under Blandford. Acres, 2,446. Real property, \Tith
Caundle, Stourton, Wake, and Stock-Gaylaad, £S,445.
Eated property of L. alone, £3,477. Pop., 404. Houses,
87. The property is divided among a few. The manor
belongs to the Marchioness of Thomond. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £45S.*
Patron, F. W. Fane, Esq. The church is good; aud
there are a national school, and charities £i'2.
LYDNEY. See Lidxey.
LYDSIXG. See Lidsixg.
LYE, a village, a township, and a chapelrj-, in Old
Swinford paiish, Worcester. The vLUage stau'ls adjacent
to the Stourbridge and Cradley raOway, near the bound-
ary with Stafford, li nule E by N of Stourbridge; is
irregularly built; and has a station on the railway, and a
post-office i under Stourbridge. — The township includes
the village, and a considerable surrounding tract. Pop.
in 1851, 4,446; in 1S61, 5,255. Houses, 1,057. The
increase of pop. arose from the extension of chain, cruci-
ble, and Stourbridge fire-brick manufactures. These
manufactures, and those of anvils, vices, and nails are
largely carried on. Carless-Green village, immediately
E of Lye village, is noted for insurance clubs called
Stewpony societies, and for an institution designed to
improve the condition of the labouring clashes, called
the Stewpony Allotment Society. Lye Wa.5te, around
Lye village, took its name from being an uncultivated
appendage to Lye, but became settled by a numerous
body of men, who acquired a right of separate freehold
on the passing of an enclosure act, and is now thickly
built over. The chapelry was constituted in IS 43. Pop.
in 1S61, 6,772. Houses, 1,354. The living is a vicara;,'e
in the diocese of Worcester. Value, £300.* Patron, the
Bishop of Worcester. The church is a neat edifice; and
was repaired and improved in 1S53, at a cost of £2,000.
There are chapels for Independents, Wesleyans, Primi-
tive llethodists, and Unitarians, four national and infant
schools, aud a working men's institute.
LYE, Kent. See Leigh, Kent.
LYE-END, a hamlet in Sandon parish, Herts; 5 miles
SW of Royston.
LYE-GREEN, a liamlet in the N of Sussex ; 5J miles
SWofTunbridge-WeUs.
LYE (Nether and Upper), two townships in Aymes-
try parish, Hereford; on the river Lug, 7^ miles NW of
Leominster. Real property, £622 and £526. Pop., 149
and ^S.
LYE WASTE. See Lye, Worcester.
LYFORD, a chapeliyin West Hanney parish, Berks; on
the river Ock, inWhitehorse vale, 2i mUes NX Wof Want-
age-Road r. station, and 4 N of Wantage. Post-town,
Wantage. Acres, 1,070. Real propert}', £1,433. Pop.,
149. Houses, 43. The property is divided among a
few. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of O.xford.
Value, £90.* Patron, Worcester College, O.xfonl. The
church is good, and there are alms-houses for 16 persons.
LYFTON. See Lifio.n-.
LYHAil, a hamlet in Chatton jiarish, X'rthumber-
land; 4 miles WS\V of lielford.
LYMBERGII. See Luibf.p..
LY.ME (Tup,), a ri\-ulet of Devon and Dorset; rising in
the parish of Uplynie; aud ninning about 3 miles south-
eastward to the sea at Lyrae-Rcgis.
LYilE, a sab-district in the district of Axminster ;
containing Lj'me-Regis and Charniouth parishes in Dor-
set, and Upl3"me p.irish in Devon. Acres, .5,216. Pop.,
4,204. Houses. 904.
LYJIE-HANDLEY, a town.ship, with a village, in
Piestbuiy parish, Cheshire; ne.ir the Peak Forest canal
and the Bu.xton railway, 7 miles iSNE of MacclesHeld.
Acres, 3,920. Real property, £3,145; of which £445 are
in mines. Pop., 237. Houses, 52. The p.-operty be-
longs to Thomas Leigh, Esq. ; and has descended to lum
from Sir Perkin Leigh, who received it from the Black
Prince, and was at C'ressy. Lyme Ilali, Mr. Leigh's
6oat, is a noble quadrangular mansion, jcrtly Tudor,
partly by Leoni; contains portraits of the Black Prince
aud Sir Perkin, and a picture gallery; commands a very
fine view, and stands in a park well-stocked with red
deer.
LYME-REGIS, a town and a parbh in the district of
Axminster and county of Dorset. The town stands on
the coast, at the mouth of the rivulet L\-nie, near the
boundary with Devon, 54 miles SE by S of Axminster r.
station, and 23 W of Dorchester. It was given in 774,
by the king of the West Saxons, to Sherborne -abbey. It
was known, in the Saxon times, for its salt works. It
figures in Domesday book as divided into three portions,
belonging to respectively Glastonbury abbey, William
Belet, and the bishop of Salisbury. It was made a
borough by Edward I. ; and given to his sister, the queen
of Scotland, as part of her dower. It sent 4 .ships, with
42 mariners, to the siege of Calais in the time of Edward
III. It was inundated by the sea in the time of Richard
II.; and was twice plundere-i and burnt by the French
in the times of Henry IV. and Henry V. It took part
with the parliamentarians in the civil war; withstood a
siege of nearly seven weeks by Prince Maurice; and was
relieved by the approach of the Earl of Essex. It w as
the scene of the landing of ihe Duke of ilonmouth, and
of the setting up of his standard, in 1635; gave him
lodging during four da3-3 at the George inn; and was the
point whence he started, with about 2,000 hoi'se and foot,
on his disastrous expedition. The George inn, with
"MoUmouth's room," was but recently taken down ; and
a piece of the bedstead on which he there slept is .stiU in
the possession of a resident. Twelve persons, after the
overtlirow of ilonmouth, were executed in the town by
sentence of Judge Jofl'rcys. Tlie firit engagement with
the Spanish ai-mada took place in the offing in 1553; and
a sea-fight between the English and the Dutch took place
there in 1072. A Carmelite friary w.is founded in the
town before 1322; and a Lpers' hospital, before 133o.
Cosmo de Jledici died here in 1069, on his visit to Eng-
land. De Case, the quack and astrologer in the time of
.Tames II.; Thomas Coram, -.vho founded tlie Foundling
hospital in Loudon about 1663; Sir George Somers, wlio
discovered the Bermudas; Arthur Gregory, who wa.s
employed by Walsinghaui to open the letters addressed
to Mary, queen of Scots; Judge Gundiy; Larkham, the
theologian; and Miss Mary Anning, who discovered the
ichthyosaurus, the plesiosaurus, and thepterodaetyle, were
natives.
The coast at the town, and in its neighbourhood, is
highly romantic; rises on the E in very black precipices, on
the W in broken crags, thickly mantled with brushwood ;
and exhibits one of the richest sections of blue lias in the
world, capped in some places with green sani The cliffs
abound in fossils of the ichthyosauras, tlie plesiosaurus,
and the pterodact3'le ; thej" contain those also of several
extinct specios of fish aud crustaceans, together witli
belemnites and ammonites ; the}' overhang, at the mouth
of tlie Char, an alluvial deposit, which has furnished
fossil-trees aud teeth of the elepiiant and the rhinoceros;
they likewise contain much pyrites aud bituminous
shale, subject to occ.isional ignition after rain; thev
sulfer continual erosion under the b".itiag of the billows,
insomuch tliai the portion of them caUcl rheChurch-cliiis
at the town, recedes somewhat regularly at the rate of
about 3 feet a-year; they are notable, aU the way to the
river Akc, for disturbances similar to those wliich have
shaken much of the picturesque coast of tho Isle uf
Wight; they d.-ew concourses of visitoi-s in 1S39, on ac-
count of a great landslip, kni^-n as the Pinney hmdsliis
about 3 miles to the W; and they command very lin-j
views away to tiie Isle of Portland. The town itself is
romantically situated on the slopes of two rocky hills,
and in the hollow of a deep combe between theni, and.
thence along tiie Lyme rivTilet to the sea. Its house.'?
are built cliie;Iy of blue lias limestone, and covered with
slate; its streets are well paved; and the parts nearest
the sea lie very low, and liave been subject to inundation by
spring tides. A pier, called the Cobb, appears to have
been constructed so early as the time ofEdw.ird I.: i<
thought to Lave got its c.me fiom a word of Riicieut
LYinXGE.
223
LYMINGTOiSr.
Erirish orcLii ; na'lerweiit vcpeatcj demolition by tho
sea, aul ri^p-.';ited restoration at great cost; was finally
recoastmcted, of regular masonry, in 1825-6, at a cost of
£17,'3-i7; composes 232 leot of pier proper, and 447 feet
of jv3r.;r>-it; is a sraiiclrcular structure of great strength,
'.vita vcr>- rixick onter \r:dl rising high above tlie roadway,
aad giving protection from both wind and billows; and
effects, by :ho regular curve of its parapet, such a con-
centration of sounds at a certaiu point as forms a
"waispering gaCery " similar to that in t!ie dome of St.
Paul's in London. The chief public buildings are a
iaark:t-liouso, assembly-rooms, a custom-house, a church,
three 'lisscating chapels, a Roman Catholic chapel, na-
tional and Bi-itiib soho<jls, and alms-houses. Tho church
-.ras reb'.iilt about tbe end of the 15th century ; retains
a Xonnan W arch; coinfijiriscs nave, aisles, and chancel;
"as recently re-decoi-ated ; and contains monuments to
the Hewlings, who were condemned by .Judge Jeffreys,
and whose i.\te was much doi)loreiL The town has a
heal TViit-ofTice Z of the name cf Lyme, a banking-office,
two cnief inns, and endowei.1 charities .-£35; enjoys some
rti>utc- 2.5 a watering-plaL'e, and as a resort of consumptive
iavj.lidi: and Is a seat of courts ami a coast-guard station.
Markets are heM on Tuesda\-s and Fridays; and fairs, on
12 iliv and 2 Oct. Coaches run to A.xminster and Brid-
port. 'Fi,h::ig and sail-cloth making are carried on.
Woollen cl.th mauuficture was formerly prominent; is
still commemorated by old buO'liugs in which it was
carrle-l on; but his become quite extinct. The vessels
belonging to the port at the beginning of 1864 were 5
siaali sailing ve=5el3, of aggregately 169 tons, and 13
largi sailing-ressels of aggregately 1,517 tons. The
Vcirfls v.hicdi entered in 1863 were 12 Bi-itish sailing-
vcss-'-, cf aggregMtely 490 tons, from British colonies; 1
Britliii sailing- vrisel, of 53 tons, from foreign countries;
1 foreign sailing-vessel, of 101 tons, from foreign comi-
tries: and 110 sailing-vessels, of aggregately 6,998 tons,
ccaotwise. The vessels which cleared in 1 S6G were 1 7 Brit-
risii sailing-vessels, of aggi-egately 999 tons, to British
colcr.ies, and 21 sailing vessels, of aggivgately 843 tons,
coaitwL=e. Theatnountof customs in 1807 was £565. The
town very lot;g sent two members to jxirliaraent; but
it Wis half diifranchised iii 1832, and entirely disfran-
chised in li63; and it is now governed by a mayor, 4
aldermen, ai:d 12 councillors. The limits of the old bor-
ongh comprised only 100 acres of Lyme-Regis parish,
and these are still the limits of the municipal bor-
ough; bat the jarliameutary borough, after 1S32, in-
cluied the c'-.ri:-e parishes of L^mic-ricgis and Char-
inouth. Coq>;ratiou income in 1855, £247. Amount
of p.-oTurtv and income tax charged in 1863, £798.
E!e;t>fs in 1533, 212; in 1S6S, 252. Pop. of the m.
borough in 1S51, 2,661; in 1S61, 2,318. Houses, 482.
Pop. ofti-.ep. borough in 1851, 3,516; in 1861, 3,215.
lljtises, 6S3. — The parish comprises 1,389 acres of land,
and 110 c: water. P,eal property, with Colway, £13,900;
of which £40 are in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 2,852;
in 1:61, 2,537. Houses, 532. The living is a vicarage
in the di^-oe^e of Salisbury. Value, X2?'5.* Patron,
the Bishop of Salisburj-.
LYjIIX'GE, a village and a pari.sh in Elham district,
Kent. The village stan.ls 1| mile E of Stane-street, 3h
yZ of "\Vc-jie_i_ihanger r. station, and 3^^ N of Hytho";
Lxs a p-.^;t-o:Sce under Hythe ; and will have a station
on the Elham Valley railway, which was begun to be
f-j-virded in 1S07. The parish comprises 4,459 acres.
Peal proporty, £4,073. Pop., 938. Houses, 156. Tlio
p-o:»erty is m-uli subdivided. The manor belonged to
a Einn^r;.- founded iiere in 633, by Ethelburga, daugh-
ter of King Ethelbert; passed to the Archbishojis^of
Canterbury; was surrendered by Archbishop Cranmer
to t:ie Crov^,^l; went through various possessors to
Lcrl Lo-.ighborougli; and belongs now to .Stephen
K>:lce\-, E-.'i. The nunnery was destroyed by tho
Danes, and early disa[)peared. A .spring, called St.
Ealburg's well, is near the church, and emits a hcaii-
str^.am of the Little .Slonr river. Upwards of 1,000
ac.-:-s are liudcr wood; and p.ut of the land is hilly,
•with a light p-'Or soil; but tho rest is very fertile. Tho
living is a rectorj', united with the )>. curacy of Paddles-
worth, in tho diocese of C;iutcrbury. Vabie, .f920.*
Patron, the Rev. R. C. Jenkins. The church belonged
to the nunnery; was built out of the materials of a Ro-
man structure, some remains of which still exist; is
mentioned in charters of Wihtred and Cuthred, of the
years 697 and 804; was tho burial-nlacn of Ethelburga;
comprises nave, iN' aisle, and chancel, with a remarkable
flying-buttress; and was recently repaired. There are a
Wesleyan chapel, a national school, and charities £33.
The Elham workhouse also is here; and, at the census of
1861, had 215 inmates.
LYMIiS^GTOX (The), a river of Hants. It rises in
the New Forest, near the boundary with "Wilts; and
nms about 12 miles south-south-eastward, jia^t Boldre,
to tho Solent at Lymington. Beautiful views are on it
in the neighbourhood of Hayward-I^Iill and D'jldre.
LYillNGTON, a to^vn, a parish, a sub-district, a
district, and a division, iu Hants. The town stands on
the W bank of the Lj-mington river, contiguous to the
Soleut, at tho terminus of a railway 4 miles long from
the Southwestern at Brockcnhurst, and 10 miles S\\" by
S of Southampton. It was known at Domesday as I^n-
tiine. The manor belonged then to Roger de Ivry; pasj.ed
to tho De Redvci-s, and to Isabella do Fortibus; and
went afterwards to the Courtenays, whoso three golden
bezants still figure in the town's arms. A large ancient
earth-work, called tho Buckland Rings, in the form of
an irregular circle, surrounded by a deep trench and a
double vallum, and defended on two sides by outworks,
is about a mile to the X; and so many as about 200 lbs.
of Roman coius were found iu 1744. Salt works, at tlie
mouth of the creek, probably date .as far back as the an-
cient British times; adjoin large heaps of wood ashes,
which are supposed to have been the refuse of workings
by tho ancient Britons; were of so much importance in
the time of Henry I. as to give the town th.en a good
export trade iu salt; continued till the latter part of
last century to be carried on in so many as forty salterns,
and to yield a very large amount of duty; fell gradually
off tUl they emjdoyed no more than two or three salterns;
and are noted for the piod\iction also of Epsom salts, or
sulphate of magnesia. An import trade in French wines
was considerable iu the time of Henry I.; and so imjior-
t.ant was the port in the time of Edward III., that it then
fitted out and manned nine ships fur the defence of tlie
coast, while Portsmouth fitted out and nianned onlj-
four. Guidott, the physician, was a native of the town;
and the Earl of Portsmouth takes from it the title of
Viscount.
The town consists chiefly of one long street, inter-
sected at right angles by several smaller ones ; has, of
late years, undergone very considerable improvement;
and contains many neat and commodious houses. The
part near the shore commands very fine views; the beach
affords good facilities for salt-water bathing; the envi-
rons are studded with handsome villas and mansions;
the neighbourhood is highly beautiful, and gives ample
scope for pleasant excursions; a neck of land 4 miles to
the S, terminates in the attractions of Hurst Castle; and
steamers, during summer, go twice a-wcek to Ryde and
Portsmouth, and several times a-day to Yamiouth and
Cowes. The chief public buildings are a towidiall, as-
sembly rooms, a theatre, a literary institute, a bridge,
a church, two dissenting chapels, an endowed school,
and a workhouse. Tlie church is a brick and stone
structure of dilferent periods, much p.atched and altered
from its original character; has a fine E window, re-
stored in 1865, and enriched with an ancient and costly
glass painting of the Crucifixion; has also an embattled
tower; and contains a monumental bust of C. Colborne
by Rysbrack, and a monument to Capt. Rogers by Bacon.
The town has a head post-oflice,J a railw.iy station with
telegraph, two banking-offices, and two chief inns; is a
seat of petty sessions, a polling-placo, a sub-port to
South.ampton, and a co.ast-guard station ; and publishes
a weekly newspaper. A weekly market is held on Sa-
turday; fairs are held on 12 an<l 13 May, and 2 and 3
October; and ship-building and a coasting-trade arc Cir-
LYMINGTON RAILWAY.
224
LY^IPNE.
tied on. The harbour has a commodious quay and store-
rooms; admits vessels of 300 tons; and prior to 1731, -when
damar'e was done to it Ly the construction of a dam to the
N' of the town, admitted vessels of 500 tons. The entrance
of the creek has good and facile anchorage in from 4 to
(3 fathoms, and is a favourite shelter for vessels heloug-
in;; to the Royal Yacht squadron. The town is a borough
by" prescription; sent two members to parliament, till
1867, but now sends only one; and, under the new act, is
^'ovemed by a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 12 councillors.
Corporation income in 1S45, £292. Amount of property
and income tax charged iu 1863, £1,420. Electors in
1833, 249; in 1868, 349. The municipal or old borough
comprises only the portion of Lymington parish called
Hundred Acres ; but the parliamentary borough includes
the entire parish of Lymington and part of the parish of
Boldre. Real property of the m. borough in 1860,
£7,553; of the rest of the borough, £8,722, — of which
£115 were in gas-works. Pop. of the m. borough in
1S51, 2,651; in 1S61, 2,621. Houses, 483. Pop. of
the p. borough in 1851, 5,282; in 1S61, 5,179. Houses,
1,025.
The parish includes the tythings of Bucldand and
Croydon; and comprises 1,497 acres of land, and 880 of
water. Pop. in 1841, 4,182; in 1861, 4,098. Houses,
S02. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage
of Boldre, in the diocese of Winchester.— The sub-dis-
trict contains also the paiishes of Boldre and Brocken-
hurst, and parts of the New Forest e.xtra-parochial tracts
of Lady-Cross-walk, AVhitley-Ridi:;e-walk, Rhinefield-
walk, and Wilverley-walk. Acres, 24,267. Pop., 8,070.
Houses, 1,622. — The district comprehends also the sub-
district of Milford, containing the parishes of MUford,
Hordle, and Milton, and part of the extra-parochial tract
of Wilveriey-walk. Acres of the district, 42, 169. Poor-
rates in 1863, £6,692. Pop. in 1851, 12,153; in 1861,
12,094. Houses, 2,479. Marriages in 1863, 68; births, 332,
— of which 32 were illegitimate; deaths, 181, — of which
51 were at ages under 5 years, and 10 at ages above 85.
Marriages in the ten years 1851-60, 836; births, 3,355;
deaths, 2,149. The places of worship, in 1851, were 11
of the Church of England, with 5,603 sittings; 3 of In-
dependents, with 934 s. ; 7 of Baptists, with 1,818 s.; 2
of Lady Huntingdon's Connexion, with 242 s. ; 2 of Pri-
mitive Methodists, with 246 s. ; 1 of the Catholic and
Apostolic church, with 192 s.; and 1 of Roman Catho-
lics, with 30 attendants. The schools were 20 public
day-schooLs, with 1,582 scholars; 22 private day-schools,
with 550 s.; 16 Sunday schools, with 1,521 s.; and 2
evening schools for adults, with 37 s. The inmates of
the workhouse, at the census of 1861, were 151.— The
division contains the hundreds of Christchurch-upper
lialf and New Forest-upper half. Acres, 40,599. Pop.
in 1851, 9,502. Houses, 1,919.
LYMI>fGTO\, Somerset. See Limisgtox.
LYJIINGTON RAILWAY, a railway in Hants;
from a junction with the Southwestern at Brocken-
hurst, 4 miles southward, to Lymington. It wa-s autho-
rized in 1856, and ojiened in 1858. The capital for it
was £21,000 in shares, and £7,000 in loan.s. The scheme
for it included a landing-place at Lymington. Autho-
rity was obtained in 1859 to acquire the ferry across the
Lymington river, and to raise au additional capital of
of £11,860.
LYMINSTER. See Leominster, Sussex.
LYJIil, a village, a parish, and a sub-district in Al-
trinchara district, Cheshire. The village stands on the
Bridgewatcr canal, near the Manchester, Warrington, and
Garston railway, U '"'l'- SSE of the river Mersey, \\
SW of the river BoUin, and 4|j ESE of Warrington ; and
];as a station on the railway, a ]ioit-officei under War-
rington, a police station, an old cross, ga.s-works, and
fail's oil 5 ,^lay and 5 Nov. The police station is a neat
small building, containing four cells. The cross is partly
cut out of solid rock, and is in fine preservation. The
g.is-works were erected in 1S62. The parish contains
also the hamlets of Heatloy-Hcath and Clitfe-Lane, and
the places called Crouchlcy-Lane, Burford-Lane, Lpum-
Booths, Ouglitrington, Broomedge, Reddish, and Stat-
ham; and it extends to the Mersey and the Bollln.
Acres, 4,284. Real propertv, £18,377; of which £200
are in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 3,156; in 1861, 3,769.
Houses, 735. The manor is divided. LjTnm Hall, an
ancient edifice, formerly moated, is the seat of J. Bar-
ratt, Esq. Oughtrington Hall is the seat of A. F.
Payne, Esq. ; Statham Lodge, of P. Stiib,s, Esq. ; Beech-
wood, of G. C. Dewhui-st, Esq. There are many recent
villas and well-built houses. Tanning and fu.stian-cut-
ting are carried on. The living is a rectory of two nie-
dieties in the diocese of Chester. Value of the first mcd.,
£349;* of the second med., £249.* Patron of the first,
E. Leigh, Esq.; of the second, R. E. E. Warburton, Esq.
The old church dated from about 1322; and, except the
W window and the lower part of the tower, was taken
down iu 1850. The new church was built in 1851 ; is
in the early decorated stj-le; comprises nave, aisles,
transepts, and chancel, with a tower; has a fine E win-
dow, put up in 1S65 in memory of the late rector, the
Eev. W. M'lver; and includes, in the X aisle, a private
chapel in lieu of one in the old church. Two chapels of
ea.se are in Oughtrington and Broomedge. An Independent
chapel was built, inlSGS, atacost of about£3,200. There
are also chapels for Baptists, Wesleyans, and Primitive
l^Iethotlists, an endowed grammar school, parochial
schools, a mixed school, an infant school, and charities
£95. — The sub-district contains also Warburton parish,
and parts of three other parishes. Acres, 18,170. Pop.,
7,395. Houses, 1,398.
LYMPNE, a %-illage and a parish in Elham district,
Kent. The \-illage stands on a scarp of hills, overlook-
ing Romney-marsh, at the end of Stane-street, near the
Royal Militarv canal, IJ mile S5W of Westenhan^er r.
station, 1| XW of the coast at Fort Jloncricf, and 3 AV
ofHythe; took its name from the river Liinenc, Lema-
uis, or Lymne, whicli anciently ran close to it ; was the
Portus Lemauis or Poitus Lemainanus of the P.omans ;
was known at Domesday as Limes ; and is now a very
small place. The river Limene greatly changed its
course; and is believed to be the Rother, which now
enters the sea at Rye. A harbour was on it, close to the
site of the village, in the time of the Romans; and hence
the name Portus Lemanis. A Roman station stood ad-
jacent to the harbour; covered or enclosed about 10
acres; continued long to be a place of great strength;
suff'ered much injury from landslips and other physical
agencies, which changed the course of the river; sufiered
injury also by the removal of stones from it as building
material for the church; took eventually the name of
Studfall, signifying " a fallen place;" and is uov<- repre-
sented by fragments, large enough to show the gi-cat
thickness of its walls, and including the stump of a
tower 10 feet high and 45 feet in circumference. The
station is thought to have been a reconstruction by the
Romans, as the remains of it include many stones which
appear to have belonged to earlier buildings. Excava-
tions were made in 1850; and coins of several emperors,
tiles, potter)-, glass, and keys were then found. A spot
called Shepwav-cross, about i a mile from the village, at
the top of the hill toward West Hythe, was lung the
place where the lord warden of the Cinque ports was
sworn in, and where his courts were held. The neigh-
bourhood of the village commands a very fine seaward
view. Tlie parish contains also the hamlet of Court-at-
Street, and comprises 2,658 acres. Post-to\ra, Hythe,
Kent. Real property, £5,223. Pop., 640. Houses,
115. The property is much subdivided. The living is
a vicarage, united with the vicarage of West Hythe, in
the diocese of Canterbury. Yahie, £283.* Patron, the
Archdeacon of Canterl liiry. The church has Norman
portions; includes stones taken from the Rowan station;
lias a tower; and was recently in inditierent condition.
A castellated house adjoins the church ; is said to have
been erected by Aiehbishop Lanfrauc; really shows
characters of the Edwardian period; was prulxibly a
watch-tower built in lieu of tlie fallen towers of the Ro-
man fortress; belongs to the Archdeacon of Canterbury;
and is now used as a farm-hou.-e. Au ancient chapel
stood near Court-at-Strcet; was visited bv tlie pilgrims
LYIIPSH.VII.
LVXEUA.M.
frc:a Caat-^rbury in tlio time of Thomas a Dceket ; ami
is ::jw a rain. There are a national school, and chari-
tii-s£liO.
LY3IPSFIELD. See LiMPSFiELD.
LYMi'??HAM, a villnt^e and a parish in Axbri<lge dis-
tn::, S'.inerset The villa;;e stands on the river Axe, 3
Bxlri S of '\Vestoa-super->Iare-Junction r. station, and
6 V.' cf Axbridw; and has a post-oflice under Weston-
EUj-er-Mare. Tue parish contains also the hamlets of
'E.T.r.iT.oa and Batch. Acres, 1,9G6. Ecal propeitj-,
£5,il5. Pop., i06. Houses, 114. The property is
Ec-in sabiivided. The manor belonged formerly to
GliitoEbnry abbey, and belongs now to ifrs. Fopham.
The liTin:: is a rectory in the diocese of Bath and Wells.
Valie, £o03.* Patron, the Key. J. H. Stephenson.
Th? chorch is later English, in good condition; and con-
sis-_} of nare, N aisle, and chancel, with porch and tower.
There are a We.slevan chapel, and charities £i.
LY3IP.ST0N', a %-illagc and a parish in St. Thomas
ci5rri;t, Devon. The ■(oUage stands on the estuary of
the Ese, and on the Exeter and Esraouth railway, 7i
Ella SE by S of Exeter; was described by Leland as ''a
prttlT townlet vrith a great trade in shippes;" is now
not*! for oysters, which are brought hither from the
cizsz to fatten; carries on a considerable trade in fish;
is a sta-bathing resort; and has a head post-office, J de-
si^Tii:.?d Lympston, Devon, a railway station, good inns,
and respecuble lodging-houses. The parish contains
also the hamlet of Sowdon. Acres, 1,-100; of which 280
are waier. P.eal property, £4,279; of which £23 are in
q-xirries. Pop., 1,122. Houses, 240. The property is
much subdivided. The manor belongs to Sir T. Drake,
Bart. There are several handsome residences. The
liTinj is 3 rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value,
£-2-,7.* Patron, T. G. Curtler, Esq. The church
was r?bni!t in 1S64, but retains the fine and very ancient
ti'^er of the previous eiiifice. There are a Wesleyan
cha'-il, national schools, and charities £30.
LVXAS POIXT, a small headland in Llanelian par-
ish, Anglesey ; 2^ miles E of Amlwch. A lighthouse is
here: wa.s erected in 1835; shows a flashing light, darken-
ing for 2 seconds at ever}- 10 seconds, 12S feet high,
■visible at the ilistance of 10 miles. A semaphore-tele-
grata tower also was here, 571 feet high; forming a link
in ih? chain of communication between Holyhead and
Livirpo-sl. Inward-bound ships for Liverpool call at a
conti^a)"s cove to take in jjilots.
LYNBY. See Likbt.
LYNCH, a hamlet in the N of Hereford; on the river
Tetn^ 3] mileo W of Tenburv.
Li'NCH, a hamlet in the fs W of Hereford; 1 mile AV
of Prabrilge.
LYNCH, a hamlet in Selworthy parish, Somerset ; 3|
niilrs ^\' of Minehead. Pop. , 39.
L'i'NCH. Sussex. See Lt.vcn.
LYNCOMBE AND WIDCO.MBE, a parish, which is
als5 a sub-district, in Bath district, Somerset; on the
river Avon and the Great Western railway, within Bath
city. Acres, 1,S45. Real property, £32,205; of which
£204 are ia quarries. Pop. in 1851, 9,974; in ISfil,
9,&». Hjus'?3, 1,715. The parish is ecclesiastically
C2t into two sections, the one Lyncombe, the other Wid-
comw. Pep. of the \V. section, in 1S61, 4,592, Houses,
S-35. The two li^•ings are vicarages in the diocese of
E.i:h aid Wells; and that of W. is united with the
char-elry of St. Matthew. Value of L., £235; of W.,
£3C0. Patrons of both, Simeon's Trustees. The church
of L. was built in 1832; is in the later English style;
and Las a tower. The church of W. is the oldest in the
city; his been partially restored ; and h;io an ivy-clad
towrT. St. Luke's church, to serve for the outlying parts
of the pari.sh, wxs built in 1808, at a cost of £2,850,
withont tower and spire, to be afterwards erected; and
:= in the early decorated style. The Bath workhouse is
her°: and. at the census of 1861, hud CIG inmates.
LYNDFOKD. See Lynfop.d.
LYNDHUPJ^T, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in ^'"■jw Foreot di:>trict, llaut-s. The village stands near
the centre of the New P'orest, 14 mile SW by W of
Lynilhurst-Koad r. station, and 9 SW of Southampton ; Lj
the capital of the New Forest, and a seat of petty ses-
sions ; contains the Queen's House, in which the Forest
courts are held; has a post-ofiice under Lyniington, and
a good inn ; takes its name from the linden or lime
tree ; and gives the title of Baron to the family of Cop-
ley. The (lueen's House is a plain edifice, dating from
the time of Charles II. ; is the official residence of the
Lord Warden, when he visits the F"orest; was the abode
of George III. during a v.eok in 1789, when on his road
to Weymouth; and includes the Verderer's Hall, fitted
with green-covered magisterial scats, and containing an
ancient iron stirrup, probably not older than the time of
Henry VIII., but traditionally said to have been the
stirrup used by William iiufus on the day of his fatal
hunting. Hence says Bose, —
"And still in merry LjTidhurst hall
Red William's stirrup decks the wall —
Who lists the si^jht may see ;
And a fair stone in green M.alwood
Informs the traveller where stood
The memorable tree."
The parish contains also the hamlets of Pike Hill, Boi-
ton-Bench, and part of Emery-Down. Acres, 3,618.
Real property, £5,942. Pop., 1,522. Houses, 311.
The property is much subdivided. The manor belongs
to the Crown. All the area, except 3 acres, is in the
New Forest; 3,265 acres being in Irons-HUl-Walk,
and 350 in Rhinefield-Walk. Northerwood, the seat
of Misses Cooper, is about i a mile NW of the vil-
lage; was frequently visited by George III.; and com-
mands a very wide view towards the Isle of Wight.
Cuflfnells, the seat of Mrs. Hargreaves, also is in the
vicinity; and stands in a very picturesque park, contain-
ing some remarkably Cue rhoilodendrons. Foxlease,
Park Hill, New Park, Vernalls, Gascoigues, Rosier, and
Shrubs Hill, also are neighbouring scats. 'The living is
p. curacy, annexed to the rector}' of Minstead, in the
diocese of Winchester. The church is modern ; cccipies
the site of an ancient one, rebuilt b}- George II. Tliere
are a Baptist chapel, a national school, a school endow-
ment of £26-a-year, and charities £53. — The sub-district
contains also another ])arish, an extra-parochial tract,
and large portions of New Fore=t in Hants, a parish in
Wilts, and a parish partly in Hants and partly in Wilts.
Acres, 25,723. Pop., 3,355. Houses, 708.
LYNDHURST-ROAD, a railway-station in Hants; on
the Southampton and Dorchester line of the Southwestern
system, 64 miles SW of Southampton.
LYNDON, a parish in Oakham district, Rut'.and; on
the river Chater, If mile E of Manton r. station, and 4i
NE of Uppingham. Post-town, Uppingham. Acres,
902. Real property, £1,527. Pop., 126. Houses, 27.
The manor, with Lyndon Hall, belongs to E. N. Conanr,
Esq. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Peter-
borough. Value, £190.* Patron, E. N. Conant, Es ;.
The church is old; has a tower; and was restored and
enlarged in ISoO, at a cost of about £1,500. Th.o
churchyard contains a monumental tablet to 'Whistou
the translator of Josephus. Charities, £8.
LYNDON, a cpiarter in Bickenhill parish, Warwick^
4 miles S of Colcshill.
LYNDRIDGE. See Lindkidge.
LYNE (Tiik), a river of Somerset and Devon; rising
on Blackbarrow-Down in Exmoor; and running north-
westward to the Bristol channel at Lindon.
LYNE, or Line (The), a river of the E of Northumber-
land; fiilling into the sea above Newbiggin Point.
LYNE, or Ly.me (The), a river of the NW of StalTord;
rising 2J miles SW of Newcastle-under-Lyne ; and run-
ning to the Trent at Trentharn.
LYNEAL, a townsliip in Ellesmere parish, Salop; on
the Ellesmere canal, 3] miles ESE of Ellesmere. Pop.,
247. ^ _
LYNEH.VM, a hamlet in Shipton-under-AVychwood
parish, Oxford; on the river Evenlode, 4i miles SW of
Chipping-Norton. Acres, 1,650. Real property, £2,204.
Pop., 237. Houses, 50. A schoolroom is here, and is
used as a chapel of ease.
9. V
LVNEHAiL
226
LYNN.
LY2s EHAil, or Lineham, a village and a parish in
CricklaJa district, Wilts, The village stands 14 mile S
of the Wilts and Berks canal and the Greiit Western rail-
way, and i SW of Woottou-Bassett r. station; and has a
post-oflnce rmder Chippenham. The parish contains also
the village of Clack, and comprises 3,242 acres. Real
property, £7,596. Pop., 1,034. Houses, 230. The
property is divided among a few. The manor belongs to
G. H. W. Heneage, Esq. Lyneham Court is a farm
house. An Augustiuiau priory, called Bradenstoke abbey,
was founded, about the middle of the 12th century,
near Clack village ; and has left considerable traces at the
farmstead of Clack. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of Salisburj-. Value, £270. Patron, G. H. W.
Heneage, Esq. The church is ancient, has been beauti-
fully restored, and contains some monuments. The p.
curacy of Clack is a separate benefice. There are chapels
for Baptists and Primitive Methodists, a national school,
an endowed school with £36 a-year, and charities £53.
LYNEHILL, a liberty in Penkridge township and
parish, Stafford; near Penkridge.
LYNEMOUTH. See Linmottth.
LYNESACK AND SOFTLY, a township-chapelry in
Auckland-St. Andrew parish, Durham; on head^treams
of the river Gaunless, 3 miles W by N of Cockfield r.
station, and 7 NNE of Barnard-Castle. Post-to^vn,
Bishop -Auckland, imder DarLing^ton, Acres, 5,9-i6.
Ileal property, £3,215; of which £1,095 are in mines.
Pop. m 135L, 787; in 1S61, 1,120. Houses, 223. The
property is much subdivided. Part of the laud is a
barren hQly tract, called South Side, llany of the in-
habitants are employed in coal mines. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Dnrham. Value, £300.*
Patron, the Bishop of Durham. The church is modem.
LY^ESJDE, a to\Fnship in Arthuret parish. Cumber-
laud; near Longtown. Acres, 1,444. ileal property,
£1,874. Pop., 116. Houses, 17.
LYNFORD, a parish in Thetford district, Norfolk; on
the river Wissey, 4f miles NNE of Brandon r. station,
and 7J NW by N of Thetford. Post-to\rn, Brandon.
.\cres, 1,500. Real pro])erty, £670. Pop., 95. Houses,
23. The property, with Lynford Hall, belongs to Mrs.
Stephens. The Hall is a splendid mansion, in the Tudor
style. The living is a discharged vicarage in the dio-
cese of Norwich. The church was destroyed some cen-
turies ago. Roman urns were foimd in 1720.
LY'NG. See Lixg.
LYNGEN. See Langen.
LYNHER (The), a river of Cornwall. It rises in the
Alternon hUls, near Brown WUly mountain; runs about
17 miles south-eastward, past Callington, to Landrake;
begins there to be estuarial, with the appearance of a lake;
proceeils about 4 miles southward, sending off branches
toward St. Geimans; and then goes about 5 mQes eastward,
with increasing expansion, to the Hamoaze below Saltash.
LYNMOUTH. Sec Li.nmoutu.
LYNN, a hamlet in Shenstone parial., StaiTord; 4}
miles SSW of Lichfield.
LYXN, Kisos-Lynn, or Ltxx-Regis, a town, a
parish, thr;e sub-districts, and a district, in Norfollc
fhe town stands on the right bank of the river Ouse, at
the junction of the Nar navigatioi;, tnd at a junction of
railways from Norwich, Ely, Hunstanton, Wiibeach, and
SuttoD, a few miles S of the SE estreuiity of the Wash,
and 40 W by N of Norwich. Caniden derives its came
from the Celtic word Llyn, signifying " a pcol" or "au
erpanse of water;" I'ut Spelman derives it from the
Saxon Lean, signifj-ing "a tenure in fee." The name
occurs in Domesday book as Lcen and Lena, The to\vn,
at the time of the Norman conquest, was already a poi t,
with considerable ciatoras and many salt-works; it b",-
longed then, and had beloT'ged previously, to certain
bishop?; it continued, till the time of Ucnrj' Vlll., to
be under the peculiiir JHrisiliction, both tcuipOial and
spiritual, of the bishops of Norwich; and it w:is known,
during that period, as Lynn-EpLscopi or Bishops-Lynn.
It was early and long a grsat resort of Hollanders, Flem-
ii!;^, and others from the Continental .shores of the
North sea; and, in tlie time of Richard L, it was much
frequented by Jews, and had a good trade. I^ouii tlio
Dauphin took it in 1216. King John re-took it, char-
tered it, returned to it for the purpose of removing his
trc;i3urc3 when they were endangered by France; and,
leaving it to cross the Wash, was overtaken there by the
tide, and nearly drowned. Henry III. deprived it of it*
liberties on the ground of alleged setUtion; but afterwards
restored them on becoming convinced of its loyaltj'. It
was A-isited by Edward III. in 1430; and it had a mint
in his time, and sent 19 ships to the fleet again.st France.
Edward IV. visited it in 1470-1, o.t. his way to and from
Flanders, and lodged at Red ilount. Henry VII. visited
it iu 1 '98 ; and lodged in the .\ugustinian friary. Henry
VIII. renewed its charter, and changed its name to Ljmu-
Regis or King's Lj-nn. ilary, the sister of Henry VIII.,
visited it ill 1528; and Queen Elizabeth in 1576. The
plague devastated it in 15S5, 1593, 1624, 1G05, 1636,
and 1666. A Dutch protestant called George Vannarre,
was burnt in it in 1551 ; and many persons charged ■ivith
witchcraft were burnt in it in the 16th and the 17th cen-
turies. A rascally witch-finder, called Hoiikius, was
patronised by the magistrates; and, being paid a certain
sum for every woman whom he declared to be a witch,
he was at small loss to find victims. The town declared for
Charles I. iu the civU wars; was garrisoned with 5,000
men in his cause; stood a siege of 29 days in the autumn
of 1643, by a force of about 18,000 under the Earl of
Manchester; surrendered at the end of that period; and
was garrisoned for the parliament thance to the conclu-
sion of the war. Capgreve, a Fanciscaa friar, author of
"Chronicles of England," and other works; Nicholas of
iynn, or Friar Nicholas, a musician and astioncner who
died in 1360; William Sautrc, or Sauter, a Wioklifiite
who was burnt at SmiUitield in 1401 ; William Gale, an
eminent Augustitdan who diod in 1507; Sir n>:-ujamin
Keeue, an ambassador who died in 1757; Dr. C. P.urney,
son of the historian of music; Bairett and E. I'yle, the
theologians; ;Miss Breese. who k-;pt a pack of hounds
and was a famous shot; and W. Whittinghani. editor of
an edition of the County History, who died in ISIS,
were natives. Marquia Townsheiul takes from hynn the
title of Baron.
The Ouse at the town is nearly J of a mile T\-ide; and
it naturally expanded immediately below into a sort of
estuaiy, forming the SE horn of the Wash. The natural
width at 3 miles N of the town was about S milts; and
it there merged into the Wash with a width from E to
W of about 8 miles. But worts were commenced in
1850 for reclaiming all the estuary and much of the con-
tiguous portions of the Wash, to an aggregate of 32,000
acres, at a cost of £250,000; and these works were de-
signed to be extended so far as to include a total reclaimed
area of about 600,000 acres, to be defended by an em-
bankment across the Wash about SJ miles N of the town,
and to be called Victoria County. The tract of country
to the W of the town, and across the head of the Trash,
is au alluvial flat; but the tract to the E rises in gentle
eminences, and is interspersed with villas and plantations.
Four rivulets or canals, here called fleets, intersect the
town in various directions; are crf'ssed bv numerous
small bridges; are na-vigable for ccal-bcats into naiTOW
thoroughfares; and are subject, in some places, to be
stemmed to inundating overflow by high spring tide-t.
The town is about 1 j mile long, and more than 4 a mile
broad; and is encompassed, on the land side, by a deep
wet fosse, formerly defended by a .strong embattled wall,
with nine bastions. Extensive ruins of the wall still
exist; and the S gate of it, a f iie tower, ^v-ith a lofty
pointed arch-way for carriages and tv.o smaller ones for
foot-passengers, still stan.ls. An octi;gonal tower, caUed
the Red ilount, used foni'.eily for both military and
ecclesiastical puri'oses, is n'.r:r the fosse on the E side of
the town; and a platform-b:.ttcr}% called St. Ann's Fort,
formerly mounted with ten gun.s, as a defeacu to the
harbour, is at the N end. Tlie streets, for the most part,
though clean and v.'cll-pave'l, are narrow. Great modem
improvements, hov/cver, have been made. New streets,
comparatively spacious, have been fonned; old streets
have been widened; and many large and hiuuLomc houses
LYNN.
227
LYNN.
It.ivo been built. Vost L)-nM, en the I.-ft b„uk cf tlie
OiHc. is a suburb, and coiumuaicatei \wth tlie town by
a (crry. G;iywoo;l also is subiii-b m, aiid mcluJeo ni;,'li-
g.ite anil Albion-pl.ice, Public wnlks, margined with
tiws and shrubs, aro near the Loiulon-road; and one of
them, in form of an avenue, shaded with lofty lime and
rhestuut vroes, extends from Ci'auock-tcrraoe to the Eed
Jlouut, ai:d goes thence, along the inner bank of the
dilapidated town walls, to Kettle-miCs. AVator-works
iin; i.t Kettle-mills; were reconstructed in IS'.U, on plans
liy 0. E. Steplienson, at a rost of £7,941; have two
bteam-enginei of 20 and 40 horse-power, raising the water
to a height of 100 feel above the level; and sends to the
toAvn a constant and plentiful supply, drawn from the
Gavwood and Grimstone river.
The Tuesda}- market-place comprises an area of 3 acres;
is surrounded by large handsome houses, inns, and shops;
serves for meat, poultr)-, and lish market; had formerly,
in tiie centre, an elegant market-cross; and has now there
a handsoraa pillar, combining gas-lamp and public foun-
tain. The new market h.tuse and the corn exchange are
here; and the former w.,s erected in 1830, at a cost of
£3,S00; the latter iu 18.54, at a cost of £2,450. The
Saturday markct-])lace is at the end of High-street
farthest from the Tue.sciay market-place; and serves for
butchers and others. The guUd-haU, formerly the hall
of the Trinity-guild, is here; has a chequered front of
flint and stone; and includes, under its roof, assembly
rooms, with an elegant apartment 87 feet long, 22 feet
wide, and 22 feet high, The council and magistrates'
rooms adjoin the gnild-haU; are adorned with many fine
paintings; and contain the Red Register of Lynn, one
of the oldest paper books in existence. The borough
jail a!so adjoins the guildhall; was enlarged m 1S31, at
u. cost of £2,300; and has capacity for 11 n;a2e aiid 4
female prisone'.'s. The custom-house, on Purflect-quay,
was erected in 1683; is in a mix'^d Greek style, with
■curious pyramidal roof, surmounted by a small open tur-
ret, terminating in a pinnacle at a heiglit of &0 feet; and
lias, over the entrance, a statue of Charles IL The
sthenKuu), in Baxters-plain, in the centre of the town,
was erected in 1854; is an extensive ornamental brick
structure; contaijis a fine hall, 84 feet long, and 42 feet
wide, for concerts, lectures, exhibitions, and public
meetings; and includes separate sections for six literary,
scientLtic, and artistic institutions. One of these insti-
tutions is the Old Subscription library, with 'jpwards of
8,000 volumes; another is the Stanley library and read-
ing-room, founded by Lord Stanley, chic-tly for the work-
ing-classes, and possessing about 5,000 volumes; another
is the museum, especially rich in ornithological speci-
mens, and open free to the public; another is the Con-
versazione society, for lectures, papers, and diicussions ;
another is the Philharmonic musical society; and aii-
other is the Chm'ch of England young men's society.
The theatre, in St. James-street, is a large brick edifi'.e.
The savings' bank, in the same street, was built in IS'jO,
lit a cost of about £2,000; and is a brick structure iu
the Tudor stylo. The public baths, on Conimnn-Staitli.-
iliiay, were constructed in 185G; are formed of brick;
and have very convenient fittings, with hot and cold,
sale and fresh, and shower and swimming baths. The
jiilot ofhce, on the same qui'.y, was erected in ISoS; and
IS A red-brick building, with an octagonal tower 50 feet
liigh. A house of early decorated English date stands
ill St. Nicholas-street; a hous-?, of later English date, in
Nelson-street; and a Tudor liouse of 1005, in Bridge-
street.
A fine hexagonal tower, 90 feet high, supported by
groined arches, stands near St. Jatnes-strcct; b'^longed
to tlie chur''h of a gicy friary, founded in 1204, liy
Thomas do Ecltsham; and serves now as a Undmarlc.
A curious cnioiform l,acly's chnpel .stands at Rul JMount;
w.os built about MS2; and cnniprises a cryjit with Lar-
lel-vault,— a pilgrims' and pri'.-sts' house, a ii;a.ssive oc-
t.igon of brick, 20 f'C t in uianu'ter, — and a clnpel pro-
jier, 17.i feet long, 14 feet wide, and 13 feit h-;_;!!, with
Ian-tracer}' roof. The gate of the Auirustiuiiii iiijry,
♦ liich V.M.J founded in the time of Kdwaid I., and wiieVe
Henry Vll. bdgi. I in IC'S, is stL'l .standing. Some
walls of a blaok priory, f-r.uded about 12.'2 by T. Oed-
ney, also are stau'ling. The gatj of a Carmelite friary
fouuded by Lord Ijirdolph, and a gate of a college
founded about 15oO by Tiuiresby, likcwi.su aro standing,
and sliow latjr English features. Another ancient, mo-
nastery, an ancieut ho:;pital of St. John, and four ancient
lazar ho»pitab h.ive entirely di:>.i;>poarciL — Sr. Marga-
ret's church was founded in 1100, ty Bishop Herbert do
Lozinga, as the church of a priory .subordinate to Nor-
wich; comprises nave, aisles, transept, choir, and two
side chaptls; measures 240 feet by 132; bas two W
towers, S6 feet high; had aho a central tower, with a
spire 25S feet high, blown down in 1741; ws partly
rebuilt and entirely repaired in 1 ; i7 ; shows the N'orman
chaiacter in the columns of the uave, tlic u.rlv' English
in the choir, and the early English with later English
additions in the A\' towei-s; got a beautiful E ^vindo^i•; in
room of a previous faulty one, in 1 8ti5; was proposed to be
altered iu 18*50; and conVa'jis au elaborate seiten, carved
stalls, and soiae ancient monuments. fr^i. Nicholas'
church, now a ch.ipel of ease to St. Jlargaret's, stands
in St. Ann's -street; Js chieily later English; measures
200 feet by 7S; was restored iu 1853; has a tower
with some 13th ceniuiy work, surmounted by a new and
handsome spire; and contains a linely wo'ked font of
1627, placed on a pyramidal f.ight of stejis. St. John's
church, in Blackfriare-road, was built in li'S, at a cost
of about £5,000; is in the early Euglish stylo; and con-
tains 1,008 sittings. All Saints church, iu r'hureh-laue,
the parish church of South Lynn, is ancient and cruci-
form; was thoroughly rt: paired in 1800; and had formerly
a W tower, which fell iu]763. The Independent cha-
pel in New Conduit-stiset was built in lS3t;, at a cost
of about £3,000; and L> a handsome edif'cc. The Union
Baptist chapel iu Paradise-lane was built in 1S59, at a
cost cf £.3,000; is a cruciform edifice, in the early Eng-
lish style; and has a small turret. Two Baptist chapels
are in Blackfriars-road; and one of theia is a neat edifico
of 1841, erected at a cost of £2,000. The "Weslcyau
chapel in Tower-street was built in 1312, at a cost of
£4,500; and is large and oinameutal. The Primitive
Methodist chapiJ in London-road was built in 1857, at
a cost of about .£2,000 ; and is a brick slructuro, in the
Italian style. The New Connexion Jleihodi.it chapel in
Ibulway-road was built iu 1S53, at a co>t of about
£2,000; and is a neat and comniodious brick structure.
The Roman Cathijlic chapel iu Lendon-rond was built
in 1844, at a cost of £2,500; was enlarged in 1S52, by
addition of au ai.^le; and is in the decorated English
style. There aro chapels also for Quakers, United free
Methodists, and Unitarians, The public cemetery is ou
the Hardwick-roavl, oecupie." about 8 acres, and is ne.atl^~
laid out.
The grammar school, in St. James-street, wa.s founded
about 1500, as a college, by Thomas Thoresby , was rebuilt
in 1 325; is umler the control of the borough charity trus-
tees; has si.'i scLolarships or small e.^hibilions; and had
Eugene Aram as a.i usher at the time of his apprehension
in 1761). National schools are in Greyiriari,-ro,ul, South
Everardstreet, Stonegat:;-street, and^VlbioD-street; a Brit-
ish school is in Bb.cktriars-road; a ragged school is in St
Ann's street; and infant schools are in Norfolk-street,
Bioad-street, and St. Ann's-street. St. James hospital,
in St. James-ro.id, was fouuded in tho 1 4th century, and re-
built in 1722; comprises twelve houses and a chap^;i; and
has an endowed income of about XI 75. Valiuger's .alma-
houses, in Soi\tli Lynn plain, were founded in ItU; ere
for four poor women; and have an income of al'out £84.
Eramingham's hospit;J, in London road, was founded iu
1070; is a neat structure of brick, with stone dns-iiiigs;
comprisesapartnients forl2inmates, and achaprl; 3n>iiias
an income of .t'200. Smith's alms-houses, iu St. Jauie-j-
road, were founded in ls22; are for eight ;^ged poor wo-
men ; and Lave an income of about £3u. Evtrard'c
uli.is-house^, in Eriarsstrott, were founded in IcOO. Gay-
wood .dms-h"uses, within Gaywood parish, occujiy the sito
of St. Miry Mngdaleut's hospital, founded iu 1 155 by Pe-
trr.s Cai>elIj;:U3; \\\c<. re'ouilt in 1019; comjirLie twt.lv.j
LYNN.
223
LYNN (XORTH).
tenements and a chapel, in tlio form of a square; and
have an income of about £357. The total amount of
endowed charities is about £1,173. The workhouse
stands in Exton's-road; was built in 1856, at a cost of
more than £12,000; has capacity for 410 inmates; aud
includes a chapel, with 250 sittings. A fever ward is
connected with the workhouse, but stands at a short
distance from the main building. The "West Norfolk
and Lynn hospital stands near the London-road; was
erected in 1S34, at a cost of more than £3,000; was en-
larged in 1847, by the addition of t^vo wings; is a neat
structure of white brick; and has capacity for 52 in-
mates.
The town has a head post-ofEce,i a railway station
with telegraph, three bankmg-offices, and four chief
inns; is a seat of sessions aud county-courts, a polling-
place, and a coast-guard station ; and publishes four
weekly newspapers. JIarkets are held on Tuesdays and
Saturdays; a good show of sheep and cattle occurs on
every alternate Tuesday; cattle fairs are held on the
second Monday of April and the second Jlonday of Nov. ;
a cheese fair is held on 17 Oct.; and a mart for cloth,
toys, and general merchandise, commences on St. Va-
lentine's day, and continues for a fortnight. There are
corn mills, malt houses, breweries, seed-crushing estab-
lishm.ents, agricultural implement manufactories, ma-
chine-making and mill-wright establishmeuts, roperies,
sail-making and cork-cutting establishments, coach-mak-
ing establishments, iron aud brass foundries, two to-
bacco manufactories, a tannery, a flax factory, and a
ship-building yard. Fisheries are carried on for shrimps,
cockles, smelts, cod, and haddock; and they annually
send upwards of 60 tons of shrunp.s alone to London.
Exports of com, wool, quartzose sand, and coprolite are
made coastwise, and of manufactured goods to foreign
ports ; and imports of coal are made largely coastwise,
and of wine, tiniber, hemp, tallow, oil-cake, sulphur,
and cork from foreign ports. The harbour is in the
Ouse river; was much deepened and improved bj- the
cutting of a new channel on the part of the Norfolk
Estuary conipany; has capacity for ujiwards of 300 ves-
sels; is swept by a tide which enters with a sudden swell,
and rises 18 feet; suffers inconvenience from large and
shifting sandbanlcs at its entrance, occasioned by the
rapid action of the tide over an oozy bed; and is ap-
proached from Lynn Deeps by a narrow and intricate
passage about 15 miles long, well buoyed, and provided
in one part with a life-beacon, 34 feet high. New docks
were begun to be formed in 1366, and were well advanced
in 1869. The vessels belonging to the port, at the begin-
ning of 1864, were 61 small sailing-vessels, of aggregately
2,101 tons, and 92 large sailing-vessels, of aggregatel}'
12,948 tons. The vessels which entered in 1863 were 72
IJritish sailing-vessels, of aggregately 8,967 tons, from
foreign countries; 75 foreign sailing-vessels, of aggie-
gately 6,593 tons, from foreign countries; 1 British steam-
vessel, of 228 tons, from foreign countries; 1,052 sail-
ing-vessels, of aggregately 86,633 tons, coastwise; and
52 steam-vessels, of aggregately 5,772 tons, coastwise.
The vessels which cleared in 1863 were 3 British sailing-
vessels, of aggregately 186 tons, to foreign countries; 16
foreign saiiiug-vesseLi, of aggregately 1,530 tons, to for-
eign countries; 403 sailing-vessels, of aggregately 25,293
tons, coastwise; and 52 steam-vessels, of aggregately
6,772 tons, coastwise. The amount of cnstonis in 1867
was £16,155. Steamers ply to Hull twice a-week, and
to Newcastle once a-wcek. The borough has sent two
members to p.irlianient since the time of Edward I. ; and
is governed, under the new act, by a mayor, 6 aldermen,
and 18 councillors. Its limits, both parliamentarily
and municipally, comprise the parishes of Lynn or St.
Margaret and South Lynn or All Saints. Acres, 2,675;
of which 55 are water. Electors in 1S33, 836; in lS6b,
yOl. Corporation income in 1861, £8,373. Kjal pro-
perty in 1860, £S9,919; of which £26,143 were in rail-
ways, and £1,060 in gas-works. Amount of property
and income tax charged in 1863, £5,180. Pop. in 1851,
19,355; iji 1851, 16,170. Houses, 3,637. The decrease
of pop. arose jiartlv from the dismissal of hundreds of
labourcis temporarily em[>loyed on the Norfolk Estuary
works, aud partly from the depresiiou of the -shiiiping
trade caused by the transit of coals and goods by railway.
The parish of Lynn or St Margaret is divided into
the wardsof North End, Kettlewell, Jews-lane, Chequer,
Paradise, New Conduit, Trinity-Hall, Sedge-ford -lane,
and Stonegate. Real property in 1860, £75,348; of
which £26, US were in raUways. Pou. in 1S51, 14,533;
in 1861, 11,636. Houses, 2,606. .S 'portion of the par-
ish which had a pop. of 3,867 in 1S61 was constituted a
separate charge, under the name of St. John, in 1846.
The head living is a ricarage, united with the chapelry
of St. Nicholas, and with the rectory of North l^ynn, antl
the lining of St. John is a vicarage, in the diocese of
Norwich. Vanie of the head living, £549 ; of St. John,
£153. Patrons of the former, the Dean and Chapter of
Nonvich; of tiie latter, the Bishop of Norwich. — The
three sub districts are L. -North, L.-!Middle, and L.-
South. The N. sub-d. comprise? the wards of North
End, Kettlewell, Jews-lane, and Chequer. Pop., 3,962.
Houses, 854. The JI. sub-d. comprises tlio wards of
Paradise, New Conduit, Trinity Hall, and Sedgeford-
lane. Pop., 5,95.5. Houses, 1,367. The S. sub-d.
comprises the ward of Stonegate, and the parishes of
South Lynn, West Lynn, and North Lynn. Pop., 6,784.
Houses, 1,542. — The district consists of the three sub-
districts. Acres, 5,499. Poor-rates in 18C3, £11,000,
Pop. in 1S51, 20,530; in 1861, 16,101. Houses, 3,763.
Slarriagia in 1863, 140; births, 501, — of which 48 were
illegitimate; deaths, 362, — of whioh 123 were at ages
under 5 j'eare, and 14 at ages above 85. MaiTiagos in
th.3 ten years 1851-60, 1,492; births, 5,548; deaths,
4,043. The places of worship, in 1351, were 6 of the
Church of L.ngland, with 4,014 sittings; 1 of Indepen-
dents, with 958 s.; 3 of Baptists, with 1,230 s.; 1 of
Quakers, with 120 s.; 1 of Unitarims, with 250 s.; 3 of
AVesleyan Methodists, «-ith 1,460 s. ; 1 of Primitive
^Methodists, with 530 s.; 2 of the Wesleyan Association,
with 325 s. ; 1 of Wesleyan Reformen;, wilh 900 s. ; 1 of
Latter Day Saints, with 100 s. ; and 1 of Roman Catho-
lics, with 850 s. The schools were 7 public day schools,
with 957 scholars; 55 private day schools, with 1,239
s. ; and 11 Sunday schools, with 1,696 s. The work-
house is in South Lynn; and, at the census of 1861, had
249 inmates.
LYNN AND HUNSTANTON BAILWAY, a railway
in Norfolk; from Lyim, in the direction of N by E, to
Hunstanton. It was authorized in Aug. 1S61, and
opened in Oct. 1862; and it is 15 miles long. The capital
for it was £60,000 in shares, and £20,000 in loans; aud
the dividend, in the first half of 1865, was oj per cent.
LYNN AND SUTTON-BRIDOB RAILWAY, a raQ-
way in Norfolk and Lincoln; from the East Anglian at
LjTin, westward and north-westward, to the Norwich aud
S[>alding, at Sutton- Bridge. It was authorized in Aug.
1861, aud opened in Nov. 1864; and it is 9 niUes 43
chains long. The capital for it was £100,000 in shares,
and £37,000 in loans; but a further capital of £15,000
in shares and £5,000 on mortgage was authorized in 1365
for additional works at Sutton. Arrangements were
made also in 1865 for selling the line to the Great
Northern, on terms equivalent to 4j per cent, net on
£117,000.
LYNN DEEPS, the NE portion of the Wash, in Nor-
folk. It is divided from the Lincoln portion, or Boston
Deeps, by the Dogs Head, Long, and Roger Sands ; is
flanked, on the E side, by liurnkin!, Sunk, Stubborn,
and other s.inds; is bounded, on the .S, by the shoals on
the way to the Ouse's mouth, aud by the embunkruents
of the Norfolk Estuar}' works; has a di-j)th of f;om 5 to
13 fathoms; and is provided wilh a Uoating light, put
up in 1823, aiul situated 6 miles NW by N of Hunstan-
ton light.
LViNN (North), a parish in Lynn district, Norfolk ;
on the river Ouse, opposite the lower part of Lynn.
Post-town, Lynn. Acres, 1,205; of which 435 are water.
Pop., 62. Houses, 14. The living is a rectory, anuexej
to the vicarage of Lynn, in the dioco^e o! Ncrivich.
Thsre is no church.
/
LYXN (South).
229
LYTllASL
LYNX (Sonn), a I'iirish ia Lynn district, Norfolk;
forming part of Lynn borough. Leal property. £14,(301 ;
of v\kich £'1,060 are in g;i3-\vorks. I'op. m 1351, 4,772;
in 13G1, 4,534. Houses, 1,031. The living is a vioamge
iu the diocese of Nonvich. Value, £S03.* Lutron, the
l>i:ih.->p of Xoiavich. See Ltxn.
LY.NX (Wf^rK a vilUigi^ <lIkI a parish in Lynn district,
Iforfolk. The village stands ou the Ouse, opposite Lynn;
and has a station en the L. and Sutton-Briilge railway,
and a post-offioe under Lynn. The parish comprises
l.eiPacrcs. Eeal property, £6,479. Fop. in 1851,1,098;
in ISSI, 4ti9. Huujses, 112. The decrease of pop. was
cau.--ed partly ly removal of labourers employed on the
Korfolk Estuary works. The property is divided among
a few. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Nor-
wich, yp.lue, £400.* Patron, the Kcv. C:. H, Towns-
en.L The church is chiefly later Kuglish; succeeded an
ancient one whi' h woo swept away by in inundation
in 1271; consiils of nave and transepts, frith a tower;
has a memorial E window of 1849 to Ajnelia Walker;
and contains an ancient octagonal font, and a fine brass
of 1503. There are chapols for Baptists and \Vesle3-ans,
a national school, and charities £12.
LYNT. See Coleshill, Berks.
LYNTON. See Liston.
LYONSHALL, a A-illage and a parish in the district
of rresti.-:gne and county cf Hereford. The village stands
1\ mile Si; of the river Arrow, and 2| E of Kington r.
station; was once a market-town; and has a post-office
under Kington. The parish ccmpriseb 4,658 acres.
Real property, £7,046. Pop., 960. Houses, 22-3. The
property is much subdivided. The manor belonged to
the 3Iarburys; pi^ssed to the Devereuxs, Sir Stephen de
Ebroieis, and the Touchets; and belongs now to Lady
I^TigJale. JEoor House is a chief residence. A castle,
said to have been built by William Eufus, stood at the
village, and is now represented by some ivy-clad remains.
Limestone for bnilding is quarried, and bricks and tdes
are mile. The living is a vicarage iu the diocese of
Hereford. Value, £350.* Patron, the Bishop of Wor-
cester. The church is ancient, was probably connected
with the castle, has a tower, contains several monumental
tablets, and was recently in disrepair.
LYI'L\TE, a hamlet in KOmersdon parish, Somerset;
5i miles NW of Bath.
LYPPIATT (LowEit and Uppek), two tythings in
Stroud parish, Gi mcester; near the canal antl the Great
Western railway, 2 miles E of Stroud. Pop., 1,276 and
4,C61. Lyppi.itc Park belonged formerly to the Throg-
mortons ; belongs now to J. K. Dorington, Esq.; and is
said to have been the place where the Gunpowder plot
was h:itched.
LYJiJitOOK, a hamlet in the SE of O.xford ; on the
river Tiiames, 2 miles SSE of Henley-on-Thames.
LY.^FAEN. See Lly.sfaex.
LYSS. See Liss.
LYTCHETT, a sub-district in Poole district, Dorset ;
containing the two Lytchett parishes and Hamworthy
parish. Acre.?, S,5S4. Pop., 2,050. Houses, 440.
LYT("HETT-.M.A.TRAVl,ItS, a vOIage and a parish in
Poole district, Dorset. The village stands on a hill, 3
miles NNW of Bailey-Gate v. station, and 6_i NVV of
Poole; commiuds a lino view; and has a post-oliice under
Poole. The pa.ish comprises 3,320 acres. Heal pro-
perty, £4,259. _ P.,p., 855. Houses, 186. The property
is much subiliviled. The manor belonged once to the
I>L.itra\ .)r3 family, and belongs now to H. D. Tr'.-nchard,
Esij. The liviu ' is a rectory in the diocese of Salisbiuy.
Vabe, £551.* Palrcn, AVadham College, Oxford. The
chur'.-ii is ancient but good; and contains a iriOU\ui'.cut
to Lord Matravers, and several other monuments.
There arc ohapcL for Wesleyans and Primitive Metho-
dists, a'ld national SfhooN.
LYTCHETT-M 1 XSTi:i;, a vill-.ge and a parish in Poole
district, Dorset. The village stands at the head of Lj't-
chett-bay, 2| miles WNW of Puole-Junction r. station,
and 4 WX'W of Poolc; and has a po.st-ollice und'-^r I'oole.
Tiie pariih coniprijcs 3,209 ncre-s of land, and 135 of
water. Leal j.roporty, £t,101. Pop., 802. Hou.sts
176. Tlie manor, wirli Lytehett House, bchnged for-
nierly to the Eyres; passed to Sir .S. S.;ott, P.al■^; and
belongs now to W. i;. Fryer, Esq. An alien jiricry waa
hero, and gave rise to the suffix luuno Mi'ister. Much
of tlie land is heath and waste. A lorge lumubn,
called Lytchett-Bcacon, is 1^ mile NE of the vil'age,
and serves as a land-m iik for vessels entering Poolc h.ir-
bour. Potter's clay is dug fro'u pits, and sent to Foole
harbour. Lj-tchett bay is a northern oi!shootofWcrel;ani
harbour, about 3 miles in ciicuit, s<>p.iTated ly the upper
part of a small p^aiu-jola from the Holes bay oflfshoot of
Foole harbour. A liv.ilet, called the Rock Lre river,
falls into the W side oi Lytchelt bay; and is crossed,
near the village, by a bridge. The linng is a p. curacy
in the diocese of Salisbur}-. Value, £295.* Patron,
Eton College. The church is raoJern, was built from tha
materials of the old priory, and Las an ancient tower.
There are chapels for Independents, Baptists, and Wes-
leyans, national and British iohools, and charities £24.
The Wesleyau chapel was built in 1865; and is in the
pointed style, of red brick, v/ith white stone dressings.
LYTES. See Cart-Lytes.
LYTESCARY. See Charlton-Mackrell.
LYTH. See Crosiewaite and Lyth.
LYTHAII, a small to^vn, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Fylde district, Lancashii-e. The town stands on the
N shore of the Kibble estuary, at the meeting- point of
two branch railways from respectively the Pre.^t.on and
Wyre railway and the town of Blackpool, S miles '^SE
of Blackpool, and 12 Vv'^ of Preston; is a sub riorh to
Preston, a watering-place, and a seat of petty sessions;
presents a new, neat, and clean appearance; enjoTS fino
amenities of beach, cn\-irons, and climate; ?ias undergone
many improvements by a board of commissioners un.det a
local act; and has a post-omcef under Preslon, a railwaysta-
tion with telegraph, a neat market-house of 1S48, a county
constabulary station, assembly-rooms, public baths, bil-
liard-rooms, several tirst-class hotehs, a number of respecta-
ble lodging-houses, two churches, three dissenting chapels,
a UomauCatholicchapel, two endowed schools, twonatioua!
schools, several good private and boarding schools, a ! mg
marine parade, and a long steamboat pier. St. Cuthbert's
or the parochial church waj rebuilt in 1834 ; is a neat stnic-
tare ol' red brick; consists of nave, aisles, and chancel,
with porch and tower; and contains Kionuiaeuts of the
Clifton family. St. Joiiu's church stands on th-3 E
beai-h: was built iu 1S50; and is a stone ediOc. iu th'i
early English style. The Independent chapel stands iu
Westby -street, and is a handsome recent structarc. The
marine parade was formed by levelling the beach; is 5
miles long; and commands a Ki'.e view across the estuary.
The pier was constructed in 1365; is 914 fjet Jong; and,
besides serving for steamboats from Blackpool, South-
port, and other places, forms a s|)lendid promenade. The
branch railway from th.e Preston and Wjre line was
opened in 1846 ; and that from Blackpool wa?! opened
in 1863. Lj'tham Pool, about a mile E of tiie to.vn,
serves as an entr.-])6t to Preston ; accommodates large
vessels for the discharging of their cargoes iu!o rmaller
crafts; and has a gi-aving dock for buihlii.g and repairing
Vessels. A custom-hous.' is on the E beach; a.id a life-
boat station is net.'-. — The parish comprises 5,177 acres
of l.md, and 10,365 of water or foreshore. Leal property,
£15,425; of which i:i35 are in gas-works. Pop. ia
1851, 2,693; in 1S61, 3,194. Houses, 552. The in-
crease of pup. arcse ciainly from the attractions of the
town as a watering-place. The manor, with Lvtham
Hall, belongs to Col. John Talbot Clifton. Th"', hall
stands on the NW side of the town ; was erected between
1757 and 1764; ami is a spacious mansion. A Bene-
dictine priory, a c.ll to Dnrham abbey, was founded on
or u'/ar the site of t};e Hull, in the time of Ri-''; ird I.,
by Roger Fit2-lo>gor; and some remains of it are in-
cluded in the llali. A portion of the parish wiiich had
a pop. of 1,57'J iu 1561 was constituted a sejiaratc
charge, under tb.e nani5 cf L.-St. John, in 1851. The
head living is a vi.-aragit, that of St. John a p. curacy, in
the dio. of Chcs:er. Value of the head living, £131;*
of St. John, £60.* Patron of both, Col. J. T. Clifton.
LYTHAIT (St.)
230
MACCLESFIELD.
The subilistrict contains also the PouUon-k-FylJd
hamlet of Littlo Marton. Pop., 3,627. Houses, G20.
LYTHAN (St.), a parish in Canliff autrict. Glamor-
gan; Smiles SSW of St. Fagans r. station, and 5i SW
by W of Caiclilf. Post-town, Cardiff. Acres, 1,243.
Real propeity, £1,094. Pop., 136. Houses, 24.
Dj-ffiya was formerly the seat of the Hon. Mrs. Gray,
and is now the seat of J. B. Pryce, Esq. A large crom-
lech is in the neighbourhood. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Llandali'. Value, i;iSO.* Patron, the
Archdeacon of Llandatf.
LYTHE, a to«Tiship, conjoint with Birch, in EUes-
mere parish, Salop; on the Etlesmere canal, 1 mile SE of
Ellesmere. Lythe Hall is a chief residence.
LYTHE, a village, a township, a parish, and a snb-
district, in Whitby district, N'. E. Yorkshire. The
Tillage stands near the coast, 3| miles NW of ^Miitby r.
station; was once a market-town; and has a post-office
under Whitby. — The township comprises 3,620 acres of
land, and 234 of water. Pveal property, £5,845; of which
£240 are in mines. Pop., 1,053. Houses, 242. — The
parish contains also the townships of Hutton-i[ulL,Tave,
Barnby, Ugthorpe, Mickleby, EUerby, Newton-Mulgrave,
Borrowby, and Egton. Acres, 29,130. Real property,
£22,426. Pop., 3,233. Houses, 656. The property is
not much divided. The manor belonged once to the
Mauleys, and belongs now to the Marqnis of Nonnanby.
Mulgruve Castle, the ILirquis' seat, is a handsome edifice,
in the castellated style; stands on an elevated site, coiu-
mauding fine views; and is surrounded by a vf-ry beauti--
ful park. An ancient stronghold, whence the castk
took its name, stood on a ridge of hill witliin the park;
js said to have been built by the Saxon Wade or VVada,
about 200 years before the Norman conquest; was dis-
mantled, by order of the parliament, in the time of
Charles 1.; and is now represented by ruins, comprisir.g
a central keep with comer towers, a square tower at tlie
SE angle of tho outer waU, two circular towers at the
entrance, and some fragments of other walls. Wade, tho
builder of the old castle, is traditionally said to havo
been a giant, and to have made the road from Dunsley to
Malton called Wade's causeway. A lofty cliff at Kcttle-
ness, surmounted by a hamlet, became undermined; and,
on a night of Dec. in 1829, glided down to the sea. Alum
works are at Kettlencss and Sandsend, and have been
worked for upwards of two centuries. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of York. Value, £300. * I'atron,
the Archbishop of York. The chiirch is ancient, with a
tower; and has been greatly altered by modem restora-
tions and rei'airs. The vicarages of Ugthorpe and Gros-
niout are separate benefices. There are chapels for In-
dependents and Wesleyans, a slightly endowed school,.
and charities £7. The sub-district e.tcludes Egtoii
toNNTiship, but includes Hinderwell parish. Acres^
18,384. Pop., 4,923. Houses, 1,042.
LYULPH'S tower. See Aira (TjteV
LYVYNCtSBOL'RNE. See BEAKsisouiiyE.
M
MABE, tk parish in Falmouth district, Cornwall; 2\
miles SSW of Penrh)-n r. station, and 3i W by S of
Falmouth. Post-town, Falmouth. Acres, 2,569. Real
property, £2,530; of which £23 are in quarries. Pop.,
613. Houses, 117. The property is much subdivided.
Granite is quarried. An ancient cross is at Hellind.
The living is a vicarage, annexed to the vicarage of
Mylor, in the diocese of Exeter. The church is ancient,
has a lofty granite tower, and was reported in 1S59 as
not gooil. There is a AVesleyan chapel.
MABLETHORPE-ST. MARY, a village and a parish
in Louth district, Lincoln. The village stands on tho
coast, 7 miles NE of Alford r. station; is frequented for
sea-bathing; and ha.s a post-office, of the name of ilable-
thorpe, under Alford, a good inn, and a number of lodg-
ing or boirding houses. The parish comprises 1,891
ai'res of land, and 330 of water. Real property, with
Mablethorpe St. Ptter, £7,309. Pop. iu liol, 266; in
1361, 336. Houses, 77. The prnp-^rty is much sub-
divided. Tlie manor belongs to T. Alco.-k, Esq. The
coast suffers encroachment by the sea, and has a number
of mud islets, compcsed of decayed trees, and visible only
at the lowest ebbs. The beach consists of firm smooth
saud.s, sloping gradually to tho water. The living is a
rectory, united with the rectory of Stain, in the diocese
of Lincoln. The church consists of nave, aisles and
chancel, with a low tower: is in good condition; and
contains brasses of 1403, 1522, and 153'', and a broken
iron helra-t, said to have belonged to onf, of two Earls,
who sle.v .?ach other in a duel on Earl's iJriuge.
MABL?:THOPa'E-ST. PETEl!, a parish iu Louth dis-
trict, Liucbi; contiguous to Mableth'.rpe-St. Mary.
Po.st-town, JNIabltthorpe, under AlfV-.ril. Acres, l,.oS2; of
vvhich 675 are water. Pop., 82. Housos, 13. The liv-
ing is a rectory, annexed to the rectory of 'iheddlethorpe,
in tho dio'e--e"of Lincoln. Tlie church waj long ago de-
stroyed by (mcroaciiment of ttiu sea.
MABYX (St.), a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Bodmin district, Cornwall. Tlie villagB stands 2 nules
WNW of the river Camel, 4 E byN of Wadebridge, and
8 NNW of Bodmin-Road r. station; and has a po,<t-o(Kce
nnder Bodmin, and a fair on 14 Feb. The parish com-
prises 4,067 acres. Real property, £5,200. Pop., 714.
Houses, 153. Colquite was the seat of the llarnuys.
Tredeathy is a chief residence. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £712.* Patron, Vi'-
count Falmouth. The church is ancient but good; has
a very lofty pinnacled tower; and contains some old
monuments. There are a Wesleyan chapel, a national
school, and charities £6. Peters, the author of a "Dis-
sertation on Homer and Job," was rector. The sub-
district contains also six other parishes. Acres, 23,5o9.
Pop., 3,085. Houses, 636.
MACARONY CHANNEL, a passage through the W
side of the Wash, in Lincoln; between the Hookhiii and
the Roger sand.s.
MACCLESFIELD, a town, a township, four chapel rics,
two sub-districts, a district, and a hundred, in Cheaiiire.
The town stands on the declivity ami skirts of a hill, on^
the river Boiiin, on tlie Manchester and Macclesfield rail-
way, at the junction of the Macclesfield and Alaqile rail-
way, adjacent to the ilacclesfield canal, near Maccles-
field forest, 4^ miles N by E of the fork of railway from
Manchester into the Chumet Valley end North Stalibrd-
shiro lines, and 11 1 S by E of StocVj'Ort. It data's fronj
ancient limes. Tho Kind, Pepper, and StuUy Roman
roads met near it. The manor v. as j>ai-t of tho roy;d
demesne of the Earls nf ^loroia; vas the seat of their
courts for the ancient hundred of llamcstan; belonged,
at Domesday, to Earl Edwin; was then includdl iu the
earldom of Chester; and passed, at the abolition of that
earldom's jurisdiction, to tn.e Crown. The town had a
castle of tlie Earls of CLcDter; was surroMudcil, in their
time, by a wall with three principal gates; was the. scene.
MACCLE.^FIELD.
231
MACCLESFIF.ru.
of Hoclesi-vstical rmmoiU in 12'V2 ami 1:^.(32; was taken,
ia the civil wais of Cli.nlcs I., by a parliiinieiitiiri.m force
umkr Sir W. Drereton; sust;iineJ. some iiijuiy, immedi-
ately afterwards, from a siege by a royalist force udJct
Sir T. Acton; was tho scene of a council, after the exe-
cution of Charles I., for raising four regiments to serrc
the cause of Charles II.; and was occupied, in 17-1.^, by
the I'retendcr, both in his advance to Derlsy and in his
retreat.
The river Bollin divides the to\^-n into main body and
suburbs; gives the name of the Wafers to the adjacent
streets; and is crossed by several briilges. Four principal
streets form the oldest and most central part of the to^vn;
but many others deflect from them, or run into the
suburbs; and the greater number are well built, paved,
and drained. Considerable improvements have been
made since 1S52; manj' thoroughfares have been \\idened
and purLled; and all new or reconstructed houses have
been built according to a code of fixed regulations. The
town-hall stands at the SE angle of the market-place;
waa built in 1S25; is in the Grecian style, of white free-
stone, with a tctrastyle portico; contains a spacious as-
sembly room: and is fitted, in the basement, as a com-
mx)diaus corn and butter market. The borough jail and
police offices adjoin the town-halL The county police
office stands in King Edward-street; was rebuilt in 1866;
contains a court-room, a retiring-room, waiting-rooms,
and other apartments; and includes 6 cells, with capacity
for 12 prisoners. The theatre stands in Mill-.<5treet, and
is a plain brick building. The public library, on Park-
green, was established iu 1770, and contains about 14,000
volumes. The news-rooms, on Park -green, were origin-
ally the parsonage-house; were enlarged in 1S.';2, by the
addition of a story; comprise two news-rooms, four clasi,-
rooms, and a government school of design; and contain
a library of about 7,000 volumes. The Metropolitan and
Provincial bank, on the S side of Chester-gate, was built
in. 1365; and is a handsome edifice of red brick, with
stone facings. The savings' bank, ou Park-green, was
built hi 18-12, at a cost of £2,583; and is a stone edifice,
in the Tudor style. The public baths and wash -bouses,
in HaUefields, were erected in 1S50, at a cost of £3,000;
and include warm, cold, shower, and vapour baths, and
two large swimming baths. The public park, on the
Prestbury-road, was formed in 1854, at a cost of about
£6,000; comprises 16 acre.% of charming contour, and
with pleasp.nt views; has handsome entrance-gates, and
an elegant Gothic entrance-lodge; is tastefully laid out;
and contains a gjTnntisinm, cricket-grounds, and a bowl-
ing-green. The shambles, or meat-market, are situated
on an eminence E of the market-place, and have a spaci-
ous covered area, with 64 stalls in several ranges. Tiio
gas-works are in Hibcl-road, were established in 1818,
and have four gasometers. The workhouse stands on the
Prestbury-road; was built iu 1844, at a cost of about
£10,000; is a stone edifice, of centre and two wings, in the
Tudor style; has capacity for about 700 inmates; and is
surrounded by a plot of about 6 acres, partly for indus-
trial employment, and partly ornamental. The fever
liospital stands in the same plot, a little apart from the
workhouse; was built in l.S54j at a cost of £1,200; and
has capacity for about 100 paticuts. The disiiensary, in
Mill-street, was established in 1815, and gives aid to
about 1,300 patients in tlie year. A project for erecting
an infirmary was a-foot in the autumn of 1865.
St. Michael's church stands on high ground, E of the
market-place; was founded in 1278, bj' El^auor, rj-aeen
of Edi\'ard I.; unJervcnt much ixoon.struction and en-
l.irgemciit in 1740; comprises nave, eisles, and chancel,
with a tov.-er, formerly surmounteii by a spire ; and con-
tains an efligicn of ^\■. Legh of 1030, an altar-tomb of
Sii- Jolui bavage, and many other moimnients. Two
chaj>el3 adjoin the chur.h; and on.; of them belonged to
tlie Leghs of Lyme, and contains a mural monument and
a briiss of that lauiily; while the othf-r, called tho Ki-
Vurs' chapel, belonged to a collegi; of secular ]>ricsts,
founded iu 1503, is a liter Engli.--h ttincture, v.ith ii I
turret of three stnge.s, and contains an altar-t-imb of a I
kui'dit. a mural monume.'it of the E.irl of Rivers who |
died in 1604, and several oth'.-r n'.onumeiits. L'hii.^t
Church stands near Great King-street; was built in
1775 at the expense of C. Kuc, Escj.; k a very .<;j'ac;ou3
brick edifice, with stone -facings and with a tower;
contains a fine mail'le m.wument of C I!op, Esq., by
liacon; and was one of the last Establishment churchoj
in which Jolin AVe.^lev preached. t>t. Paul's chinch
stands iu HaUefields; 'was built in 1841, at a cost of
£.5,400; is in the eirly English style; and consists of
nave, aisles, and chancel, with pinnacled tower and loity
spire. St. Peter's church stands in Windmill street; wa.s
built in 1848, at a cost of aliout £3,000; is in the early
English style; and ci-.nsists of nave, aisks, and chancel
witli a low tower. St. George's ch'jrcli, or Sutton-Sc.
George's,, stands in High-street; was built in 1822, by a
dissenting congregation, at a cost of £6,400; passed to
the Establishment in 1S2S; and is a very spacious brick
Ktructure. Trinity church, or Hurdsfield church, stands
in Hurdsfield township; was built in 1839, at a cost of
£2,500; and is a .stone edifice, with a tower. The In-
depeuden: chapel iu Pioe-street was built in 1829, at a
cost of £3,000; and is a neat brick structure, with a free-
stone front. The Independent cliaj'el in Townley -street
is a plain brick building. The Wesleyan chapel i.a
Bridge-street-Mill-lane was built in 1824, and aftera-ards
enlarged, at a cost of about £5,000; and is a large and
handsome brick structure. 'The Vesleyan chapel in
Sunderland street was rebuilt iu 1802, at a cost of about
£3,000; and is plain but commodions. The Kew Con-
nexion Methodist chapel in Park-street vas built in
1837, at a cost of £4,i''i0; and is a spacious brick edifica.
The United Free Methodist chapel on Park-green vas
buOt in 1866. Another "Wesleyan chapn;!, another
U. F. Methodist one, a Baptist one, a Quakers' one, a
Primitive Methodist one, an Independent Methodist
one, and a Unitarian one, are all small buildings. The
Eoman Catholic chirrch stands in Che.ster-road ; was
built at a cost of more than £9,000; is a freestone eili-
lice, in the early English stjde; comprises a sjincions and
lofty nave, with groined oak loof, a south-end chancel,
and a W Lady-chapel; contains a carved oak rood-
loft, and various rich decorations; and has a tower,
which was left in an unfinished state. Tlie public ceme-
tery was opened in 1866; was interiorly laid out liy
the" curator of the public park; and contains three
chapels, for respectively Churchmen, Tisseuters, and
Rom.ari Catholics, standing in diileient sections, and all
in tho decorated EnglLsh style. The free grammar
school stands witliin enclosed grounds near King Ed-
ward-street; was founded in 1502 by Sir John Fercival,
and re-founded bj- Edward YJ. ; was rebuilt in 1866, at
a cost of £3,000 ; is a stone edifice in the early English
style; and has an extensive library, an endowed income
of £1,145, and three exhibitions of £50 each to Oxford
or Cambridge. The free school, in Great King-street,
was built in 1840, at a cost of £2,5j0; is a stone edifice,
in the Tudor style; and shares iu the free grammar
school's endown>.ent. The Sumlay school, in Koe-street,
was built in 1813, at a cost of £5,640; is an edifice four
stories high; contains 26 class-rooms; and includes au
upper hall, capable of accon;modatin^ 2,000 persons,
and used for lectures and for Sabbatli-evcning p'nblio
worship. I'here ar-.; eight national schools, in variou.s
localities; some of them spacious, and two in tlie Tudor
style. Ragged and industrial schools stand at the junc-
tion of Brooke-street and Turnock-strret; were built in
1866; are in a plain Veneti.an pointed style; and have
three floors and large capacity. An almshouse fcr three
widows is in King Elwnrd-street, and was recently re-
built; and there are other charities about £150.
Tho town has a Ir-ad ]>ost-officet in Derby-str-.-et, a
receiving t'Cst-ofhce* iu Park-gi-ccn, several po.st.al jiil-
lar-b<-'Xes, a railway stition \uth telegraph, two bank-
ing-odices, and two cb.ief hotels; is a seat of potty .ses-
sions and county courts, and a polling-place; and pub-
lishes two weekly tewspapci's. Markets arc held on
Tuesd.iys and Satiidays; fairs are held on 6 May, 22
June, il July, ai:d II Nov.; railway ronimiinications
are enjoyed in all directions; and cheap water cuii.ijiiaii-
MACCLESFIELD.
232
llACHEN.
cation, through the Sracclesfield canal and through that
canal's connexion with the Grand Trunk canal, is en-
joyed with Lancashire, Yorkshire, and the southern
counties on to London. Tlie manufacture of silk, mo-
hair, and twist buttons was formerly the chief employ-
ment; but the manufacture of all kinds of silk, includ-
ing ribbons, sarcenets, gros-de-naples, satin, silk velvets,
vestiugs, and all sorts of silk handkerchiefs, has super-
seded the furmer manufacture' and is carried on more
extensively here than anywhere else in England. The
first silk mUl was erected in 1756, in Park-green; and
gave the name of 3Iill-street to the thoroughfare going
thence to the market-place. The manufacture of broad
silks was first introduced in 1790. Silk-throwing also
is prominent; was carried on, for many years, to supply
the weavers of Spitalfields in London; aud is now con-
ducted both in extensive establishments by itself, and
in establishments conjoint with silk manufacture. Hand-
looms are employed chiefly in the silk manufacture, but
powerdooms have been introduced in several mills. The
manufacture of upholsterers' trimmings and similar ar-
ticles is carried on in one extensive establishment; the
manufacture of gimps, fringes, and other silk trimmings
is carried on in niimerous establishments; and the manu-
facture of cotton and alpaca goods was about to he intro-
duced in 1S65. The town was made a free borough in
1261 by Prince Edward, Earl of Chester; got confirma-
tion of its privileges from Edward 111. and four subse-
quent mouarchs ; was invested with the parliameutary
franchise by the act of 1832; and now sends two mem-
bers to parliament, is divided into six wards, and gov-
erned by a mayor, 12 aldermen, and 36 councillors. The
old borough was conterminate with Macclesfield town-
sliip ; but the new borough, both municipally and par-
liameutarily, includes also parts of Sutton and Hurds-
field townships. Area, 5 "4 square miles. Electors in
1833, 718; in 18CS, 964. Corporation income in 1S55,
£7,529. Amount of property and income tax charged
in 1863, £5,159. Pop. in 1851, 39,048; in 1S61,
86,101. Houses, 8,342. The decrease of poj). w^as caused
hy depression in the silk trade.
The township of il. is divided into East JI. and West
JI. by the line of road from Stockport to Leek. Acres
of the whole, 2,410. Real property of E. M., £33,344;
of which £976 are in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 12,289;
in 1S61, 10,901. Houses, 2,501. Real property of "W.
M., £42,457. Pop. in 1851, 17,359; in 1861, 16,574.
Houses, 3,735. Tne four chapelries of M. are St. Mi-
chael, St. Paul, St. Peter, and Christchurch; and the last
has no definite limits. Pop. in 1861, of St. M., 19,744;
of St. Paul, 5,451; of St. Peter, 1,710. Three of the liv-
ings are vicarages, and C. a p. curacy, in the diocese of
Chester. Value of St. M., £300;* of St. Paul, £300; of
St. Peter, £182;* of C. £259. Patrons of St. 1*1.,
Simeon's Trustees; of St. Paul, the Bishop; of St. Peter,
alt. the Crown aud the Bishop; of C, Mrs. Roe. The
parts of the town beyond M. township are in the chapel-
ries of Sutton-St. George and Hunlsfield; and all the six
chapelries are in Prestburv parbh. — The two sub-districts
of M. are East M. and West M. ; and they are conter-
minate with the two divisions of JI. township. — The dis-
trict contains also the sub-district of Sutton, containing
the townships of Sutton, AVildboarcloi'.gli, and Winclc,
in Prestbury parish; the sub-district of Bollington, con-
taining the tuwnsiiips of Hurdsfield, Bollington, Pott-
Shrigley, Ljmie-Haiidley, and Tytherington, in Prest-
bury parish ; the sub-district of Prestbury, containing
the townships of Prestbury-, Worth, Poynton, AVoodford,
Kewton, Adiington, Butlcy, Jlottrani - St. Andrew,
FallybrooTn, and Upton, in Prestbury parish; the sub-
district of Rainow, containing the townships of Rainow,
Macclesfield-Forest, and Kettleshulme, in Prestburj-
parish, and the entire parish cf Taxal; tlie sub-district
ofCawsworth, containing the townshipsofBosley, Xortli-
Rode, Mirton, Siddingtou, aud Henbury-with-Pexhall,
in Prestbury parish, the toAvuship of Eaton in Astbury
parish, and the entire parish of Gawsworth; and the
sub-distritt of Alderley, containing the townships of
P.irtles, Capesthorne, Lower Wilhington Old Withing-
ton, and Chelford in Prestbury parish, the township
of Suelson in Rostherne parish, the township of
Chorley in Wilmslow parish, and the entire parish of
Alderley. Acres, 81,561. Poor-rates in 1863, £22,446.
Pop. in 1851, 63,327; in 1861, 61,543. House.s, 13,384.
Marriages in 1863, 454; births, 2,027,— of which 197
were illegitimate; deaths, 1,345, — of which 449 were at
ages under 5 ycai-s, and 32 at ages above 85. Marriages
iu the ten years 1851-60, 5,521; births, 21,040; deatlis,
15,500. The places of worship, in 1851, were 36 of the
Church of England, with 17,026 sittings; 4 of Indepen-
dents, with 1,557 s. ; 5 of Baptists, with 870 s. ; 1 of
Quakers, with 230 s. ; 1 of Unitarians, with 350 s. ; IS
of Wesleyan Methodists, with 4,776 s. ; 8 of New. Con-
nexion Methodists, with 2,392 s. ; 9 of Primitive Metho-
dists, with 1,372 s. ; 5 of t'ue Weslejan Association,
with 1,160 s. ; 1 undefined, vrith. 250 s. ; 1 of Latter
Day Saints, with 200 attendants; and 2 of Roman Catho-
lics, with 1,100 s. The schools wei'e 48 public day
schools, with 5,071 scholars; 71 private day schools,
with 2,054 s. ; 40 Sunday schools, with 6,051 s, ; and 9
evening schools for adults, with 191 s. — The hundred
excludes M. borough; contains nine parishes, and parts
of two others ; and is cut into the two divisions of
Prestbury aud Stockport. Acres of the P. div., 82,058.
Pop. in 1851, 27,804. Houses, 5,221. Acres of the
S. div., 60,960. Pop. in 1851, 86,719. Houses, 16,160.
Pop. of the whole iu 1861, 104,352. Houses, 20,868.
M.\CCLESFIELD, BOLLINGTON, and MARPLE
RAILWAY, a railway in Cheshire; from Macclesfield,
iiorth-north-Mstward, through Bollington, to Marple.
It was aulboiized in July 1864, on a capital of £200,000
in shares, and £66,600 in loans; and it is allied to tha
North StalTordshire and to the Manchester and Sheffield,
eaeh subscribing to it £80,000. Its length is 10^ miles.
MACCLESFIELD CANAL, a canal along the E of
Chesliire; from the Peak Forest canal at Marple, south-
south - westward, past Bollington, JLacclesfleld, and
Congleton, to the Grand Tnink canal at Lawton. It was
formed in 1826; it is 29^ miles long; it rises 114 feet,
with 13 locks; and it is now held, in perpetual lease, by
the Manchester, Sheftield, and Lincolnshire Railway
company.
MACCLESFIELD FOREST, a township-chapelry in
Prestbury parish, Cheshire; on the backbone of Eng-
land, contiguous to Derbysihtre, 4 miles ESE of Mac-
clesfield r. station. Post-toivn, Macclesfield. Acres,
4,000. Real property, £2,128. Pop., 242. Houses,
47. The property was formerly part, of a royal forest,
which included also the townships of Lyme-Handley,
Hurdsfield, Kettleshulme, Rainow, Bollington, Pott-
Shrigley, Upton, T3'therington, Wiacle, Sutton, Wild-
boarclough, and Bosley; but the property all belongs
now to the Earl of Derby. The surface generally is
mountainous, bleak, and sterile. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of Chester. Value, £120.* Pa-
tron, the Earl of Derby. The church was built in 1673,
and rebuilt in 1834. There is a licensed preaching-
room at the Clough.
MACEFEN, a township in Jlalpas parish, Cheshire ;
1\ mile E by .S of Mai pas. Real propertj', £537. Pop.,
47. A seat of the Hon. E. Ken3-on is here.
MACIIEN, a parish in the district of Newport and
counties of Jlonraouth and Glamorgan ; on the river
l;h}Tnney, and on the Rhymney and :^<■e^vport railway, 6
miles W of Newport. It has a station ou the railway,
and a post-otfice.J under Newport, Monmouth; and it
comprises the hamlets of Lower Michen and Upper
Machen in Monmouth, and the hamlet of Ehydgwcrn in
Glamorgan. Acres of the Jlonmouth portion, 4,460.
Real property of Lower 31., £9,491; of which £C,000 are
in mines. Pop. in 1851, 1,004; in 1801, 963. Houses,
152. The decrease of pop. arose from a coal-mine ex-
plosion, which caused the death of many ('f the work-
men. I'.eal property of Upper M., £8,706; of which
£5,867 are in railwa3-s, and £19 in quarries. Pop. iu
1S51, 1,021; in 1861, 1,414. Houses, 291. The in-
crease of pop. arose from the opening of a colliery. Acred
of Rhydgweru, 707. Real property, with Ruilry Van,
MACnXO (The).
233
MADELEY.
£3,236; of which XS46 ore iu mines. Pop. in 1S51,
1S5; in ISOl, 323. Houses, 63. The property is not
much iliniieJ. Macht'U Pl,*is is a chief resulence. Tliere
are remains of a castle. The I md is hLIhi The rocks
include iron and lead oros and cilaniiuo. Extensive iron
and tin works and a foundry are in Upper Maohen. The
living' is a rectory in the diocese of Llatidaff. Value,
£3.^1.* Patron, Lord Trcdegir. Tlie yiarisJi church is
good; and another church is in Upjier Machen. There
are chapels for Independents, B.iptists, Calvinistic Metho-
dists, and AVesIt-yaijs, good public schools, and chari-
ties £16.
MACHXO (TjtF.), a rivulet of Cani.irvon ; running
about 8 miles north-eastward, past Penmachno, to the
Conway, near ^Vaterloo Bridge. It makes picturesque
falls.
MACHON-BANK, a hamlet in Ecclesall-Bierlowtown-
shiii, ShelStld parish, 'W. R. Yorkshire; 2^ miles SW of
Sheffield.
JIACHWy. Sec BAcnwr.
JIACHYNIS. See Bacu-Y>-ys.
MACHY^'LLETH, a town, a toTroship, a parish, a
snb-district, a district, and a hundred, in JMontgomery.
The town stands on the river Dyfi, at the influ.N; of the
Dulas, and on the Is'ewtown and Machynlleth and Aber-
ystwith and Welsh Coast railway, under Arran-y-Gessel,
amid picturesque scenery, 20J miles NNE of Aberysl^
with ; is supposed to occupy the site of the Koman sta-
tion Maglona; contains, iu Maengivyn-street, a spacious
arclied porch, the remains of an ancient edifice called Par-
liament Plouse, in which Owen Glendower, iu 1402, held
a national assembly, and was crowned as Prince of
Wales; was the scene, iu connexion with that as-.embly,
of the seizure and imprisonment of Sir David Gam, the
Captain Flueliu of Shakespeare; contains also, near the
Wynnstay Arms inn, :.n old building in which Charles
I. is said to have spent a night on his way to Chester;
is a well-built aud cleanly tovin, consisting chiefly of two
spacious streets ; has loug been a favourite resort of
anglei-s for sport in the neighbouring waters, .ind of
tourists for excursions through the surrounding scenery;
has been a borough since the tim.e of Henry VIII. ; unites
■with Llanidloes, Llanfyllin, Montgomery, Newto^v^, and
Welshpool in sending a member to parliament; is a seat
of petty sessions, and a poUing-plaee; and has a head-
post-ofKcc,J a railway station, &. banking-office, two chief
inns, a town-hall of 1783, a church, four dissenting
chapels, national schools, alms-houses, aud charities £65.
The church is comparatively modem; retains the spire
of a previous edifice; and wa.s renovated in 18G6. A
v'eekly market is held on Wednesday; fairs are held on
the first Wednesday of Murch, 16 ilay, 26 June, 9 July,
7 Aug., 18 Sept., 21 Oct., 26 Nov., and the Wednesday
before Christmas ; flannel-manufacture, tanning, and
corn-grinding are can'ied on ; and some business is done
in connexion with the working of neighbouring slate-
quanies and lead-mines, and with the shipping of their
produce at Derwenlas on the Dyfi 2 miles below the town.
Several fine seats are in the vicinity. The borough
buundaries include all Machynlleth township, and a
£maLlpart of IsygaiTeg. Pop. in 1851, 1,673; in 1S61,
l,'Ji5. Houses, 338. Keal property of M. township.
£t,469. Pop. in 1861, 1,640. Houses, 387.— The par-
ish contains also the townships of Isygarreg and Uchy-
garreg. Acres, 14,861. lival property, £7,043; of
which £20 are in fisheries. Pop., 2,8'J6. Houses, 554.
The liviu'' is a rectory iu the diocese of Bangor. Value,
£2C0.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor.
The sub-district contains also the parish of Penegoes
and the to\vn.->hip of Seyborycoed, — th<:; latter electorally
in Cardigan. ' Acres, 34,210. Pop., 4,068. Houses,
852. — The district eomprehen Is also the sub-district of
Darowen, containing the parishes of Darowcn, Ccmmes,
and Llanbrynmair; aud the sub-district of Pennal, con-
taining the parishes of Llauwrin, Peni;al, and Towyn, —
the two last electorally in Merioneth. Acres, 116,647.
Poor-rates in 1863, £6,573. Pop. in 1851, 12,116; in
ISCl, 12,3115. Houses, 2,613. Marriages in 1863, 82;
births, 3U7 —of which 48 were illegitimate; deaths, 346,
IL
— of which 135 were at age 5 under 5 j'ear.s, and 9 at ng«3
above 85. Marriages iu the ten years 1851 -Glv 302;
births, 3,528; deaths, 2,52&. The places of worship, ip
1851, were 10 of the Church of England, with 4,47f< sit-
tings; 16 of Independents, with 2,854 s. ; 2 of baptists,
with 140 s.; 20 of Calnnistic Methodists, with 3.625 s.;
13 of AVesleyan Methcdists with 2,154 s.; 1 of the Wes-
leyan Association, with 57 attendants ; 3 undeiiiied, with
429 s.; and 1 of Latter Day Saints, with 35 at. The
schools were 13 public day schools, with 971 scholars,
2 private day schools, with 51 s.; and 77 Sunday schools,
with 6,026 s.— The hundred contains six parishes.
Acres, 71,550. Pop. iu 1851, 8,148; iu 1861, 8,402.
Houses, 1,721.
MACKNEY, a hamlet in the ^' of Cerk.s; 1 mile W of
WaUingford.
MACK WORTH, a township and a parish in Belpier
district, Derbyshire. The township lies on an affluent
of the river Derwent, 3 miles >r2J W of Derby r. station;
contains remains of a fine old gateway, formerly au en-
trance tc Mackworth Castle, belonging to Lord Scarrdale;
and has a post-office under Derby. Eoal property,
£2,984. Pop., 278. Houses, 53. The parish contains
also the township of Markheaton, and comprises 3, 400
acres. Real propert)-, £7,819. Pop., 525. Houses, 95.
The property is divided among a few. The manors, with
Markheaton Hall, belong to W. Mundy, Esq. Tliomhill
is the seat of Miss E. Trowell The Uving is a vicar.ige
La the diocese of Lichfield. Value, £155.* Patron, W.
Mundy, Esq. The church is decorated English ; con-
sists of nave, aisles, and deep chancel, with fine to.vcr aud
octagonal spire; was restored in 1851; has a memorial
E window to F. N. C. Mundy, Esq. ; and contain.'-, a
modern font of Caen stone. There are a pai-ochial sclioul,
and charities £35.
MADDAFORD, a hamlet in Okehampton parish, De-
von; near Okehampton.
JIA.DDINGTON, a parish in Amesbury district, 'Wilts;
in Salisbury plain, 54 tiiilcs 2^ of Stapleford r, station, and
6 A*^ by N of Amesbury. Post-town, Shrewton, under
Devizes. Acres, 3,973. Real propert}-, with .Shrewton
and Rollstone, £7,2i'5. Rated property cf Jl. alone,
£3,456. Pop., 396. Hou>es, 93. The property is di-
vided among a few. The manor belonged formerly to
Sir Stephen Fox, ar;eestor of the Earls of Ilchestcr and
Lords Holland; aud belongs now to L. P. ilaton, Esq.
Traci's exist of ancient buihiings. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, i:54.* Pa-
tron, L. P. Maton, Esq. The church is ancient but
good. Charities, £8.
.AIADEHURST, a parish iu Westhampuett district,
Sussex; 3 miles X\V bvW of .Arundel r. statii.,D. Post-
town, Aruudel. Acres", 1,903. Real property, £1,421.
Pop., 208. Houses, 33. The properly belongs to J. C.
Fletcher, Esq. ; and Dale Park House, on it, a spa:iou3
mansion in a fine park, is Jlr. Fletcher's seat. The living
is a vicarage iu the diocese of Chichester. Value, £105.*
Patron, J. C. Fletcher, Esq. The church was recently
repaired.
iMADELEY, a sniall town, a parish, a sub-district,
and a district, in Saloj . The town rlands on the Wel-
lington and Severn Junction railway, adjacent to th'i
deflection of branches to Shiilnal and to Coalbrookd.de, 1
mile N of a bend of th-^ river Severn, 2 E by N of Iron-
bridge, and 6 SE by S of Wellington; belong.'^ at:ci.utly
to Wenlock abbey ; got the giant of a market, under
that abbey, in the time of Henry II. ; is a seat of county
courts; and has a p' st-ottice,t under Wellington, Salop,
a railway station, a ': anking-oftice, and a good inn. The
market went into disuse, but was revived abi.'nt th.;
middle of last century; and a new market-hone was
then erected iu Ironbridge. Fairs are held on tui; list
Tuesday of Jan., 29 .'lay, and the .second Tuesday of
Oct. The parish contains aLso the to»vn and ehapelry of
Ironbridge, and part of the village and chnpelry of C'oal-
brookdale. Acre.*, 2,SO0. Real property, .t'59,C36; of
which £3,159 are in luiiies, £150 iu (quarries, £35,827
in iron-works, and £2^1 in gas-works. Pop. in 1S51,
8,525; in 1861, "J.-iCCt. Ilou.-e?, 1,008. The manor be-
2 G
MADELEY.
234
MADItOX.
longs to J. Roynoias, Esq. The seencr}-, notwithstand-
ing the presence of verj- extensive iron-works, is strik-
ingly beautiful; nnd it derives features of interest from
some works of art, particularly the famous iron brulge
over the Severn. The substrata contain vaUiable dejiosits
of coal, ironstone, and potters' clay. The jron- works
of Madeley-wood and Madeley-court employ abont 1,500
persons; and porcelain works employ about 500 Ihe
fivin>^ is a Ticara^e in the diocese of Hereford. V alue,
£300"* Patron, JMrs. Bartlett. The church was rebuilt
in 1796 ; superseded a church of Norman date; is a stone
edifice, in the Grecian style, with a tower; and contains
a monument to Fletcher, author of " Checks to Antino-
mianism " and other works, who was vicar. The vicar-
ages of Tronbridge and Coalbrookdale are separate bene-
fices. "Wesleyan and Primitii-e Methodist chapels are at
Madelev town; and other dissenting chapels are in other
parts. " A Roman Catholic chapel was built in 1 853, and
is in the earlv English style. There are large national
schools, an infant school, and charities £18.
The sub-district contains also the parishes of Buildwas
and Little AVenlock. Acre^, 7,682. Pop., 10,73.3.
Houses, 2,151. — The district comprehends also the sub-
district of Broseley, containing the parishes of Broseley,
Linley, Willey, Barrow, Benthall, and Posenholl; the
sub-d'istrict of Dawley, containing the parishes of Dawley-
Magna and Stirchley; and the sub-district of iluoh-
Wenlock, conterminate with Much-Wenlock parish.
Acres, 27,951. Poor-rates in 1363, £7,967. Pop. in
1851, 27,627; in 1361, 30,403. Houses, 5,980. Mar-
riages in 1863, 206; births, 1,090,— of which 119 were
illegitimate; deaths, 693,— of whicl SOS were at ages
under 5 years, and 17 at ages above 85. Jlarria^es
in the ten years 1851-60, 1,693; births, 10,105; deaths,
6,210. The places of worship, in 1S51, were 17 of the
Church of England, with 7,351 sittings: 1 of Independ-
ents, with 310 s. ; 4 of Baptists, with 840 s. ; 1 of Quakers,
•with 260 s.; 10 of Wesleyan Methodists, with 3,916 s. ;
2 of New Connexion Methodists, with 810 s.; 9 of Pri-
mitive ilethodists, with 1,112 s.; and 2 of Roman
Catholics, with 445 s. TTie schools were 19 public day-
schools, with 2,411 scholars; 23 private day-schools, with
612 s. ; 31 Sunday schools, with 4,095 s. ; and 1 evening
school for adults, with 17 s. The workhouss is in
Madeley parish; and, at the census of 1S61, had 42 in-
mates.
MADELEY, a Tillage, a to-smship, and a parish in
Newcastle-uuder-Lyne district, Stafford. The village
stands adjacent to the Northwestern railway, If mile E
of the meeting-point with Salop and Cheshire, and 4\ W
by S of Newcastle-under-Lyne ; and has a station on the
railway, and a po.st-office+ under Newcastle, Sta.fonl-
shire. — The township contains also the hamlet of Little
Madeley. Real property, £7,782; of which £400 are in
mines. Pop. in 1851, 1,423 ; in 1861, 1,725. Houses,
350. — The parish contains also the township of Onnely,
and comprises 5, 734 acres. Real property, £8,730. Pop.
in 1851, 1,655; in 1861, 1,940. Hou.ses, 392. Tl'.e
propertv is divided among a fe\v. !Madeley Hu'-isfi is a
chief residmce. The land is hilly and well wooded.
Coal is worked, brick-making is carried on, and nails are
made. The living is a -vicarage in the (.liocese of Lichf.eM.
' Value, £-266.* Patron, the Hon. Jfrs. C. Offley. The
church is ancient but good; and contains monuments of
the Egertons and others. There arc a chapel of ease, a
Wesleyan chapel, a fi'ce school and alms-houses with
jointly £95 a-ycar from endowment, and other charities
£60.
IdADELEY-HOLME, a hamlet in Cliccklcy parish,
Stadbrd; on the river Team, 4 miles NNAV of Uttoxeter.
l!eal property, £3,£S7; of which £25 are in (luarries.
Pop., 5'Jl.
jiL\DELEY (TATVtz). See jSLvotiiey, Stanord.
MADF.LKV-M.VIIKET. See JLvdei.ey, Salop.
MADCUMIILL, a hamlet near Ealing, in Jliddlesox;
T\-ith a post-olfice under Ealing, London W.
MAUINGLEY, a parish in Chesterton district, Cam-
bridgeshire; adjacent to the Via Devana, 5 miles "\VN\V
of Cambridge r. station. Post-town, Cambridge. Acres,
1,763. Re.il property, £2,252. Fop., 270. Honses,
53. The Manor House, an old brick .-.tmeture, was the
seat of the Cotton faniilv, and is now the residence of
Lady Kim:. The lirin^ is a vicarage in the diocese
of Ely. V'alue, £120. Patron, the Bishop of Ely. The
church is a neat edu'ice, with later English spire. 'J'hcre
is a recently erected national school.
M ADLEV, a village, a parish, and a sub-district, in the
district and county of Hereford. The village stands 14
mile S of the river Wye, 4| NW of Tram-Inn r. station,
and 5^ W by S of Hereford; dates from ancient times;
was once a market-town; is now a seat of petty sessions;
and has a post-office under Hereford. — The pari.sh com-
prises 5,360 acres. Real property, £3,108. Pop. in
1851, 927; in 1861, 970. Houses, 193. A castle formerly
stood at the village. A ferry for hoises .and carriages i.*
on the Wye to Bridge-Sollers and Byiord. The living is
a vicarage, united with the p. curacy of Tiberton, in the
diocese of Hereford. Value, £608. * Patrons, the Lean
and Chapter of Hereford. The church is partly Norman,
but chiefly decorated English ; has a polygonal apse, ovei
a fine octagonal cr^-pt, \vith central shaft and good groin-
ing; has, in the E end of a small chapel, a large five-
light window; has elsewhere windows mostly of two-
lights, in mixtures of early English and decorated Eng-
lish; has, at the W end, a beautiful embattled tower,
surmounted by a high tun-et, locally called "Jacob's
Chair;" and contains decorated sedilia, remains of stalls
■with desks and miserere seats, areraaikable ancient foni,
and several handsome monuments. A broken cross ia
near the church, and another is near the village. There
are a Baptist chapel, a national school, and charities £27.
The sub-district contains also seven other parishes.
Acres, 19,790. Pop., 3,0S3. Houses, 657.
5IADMARST0N, an ancient British camp in Swal-
clitfe parish, Oxford; 5^ miles SW of Banbury. It has
a double entrenchment.
MADRE5F1ELD, a parish, with a village, iu Tpton-
on-Severn district, Worcester; under the !^ialvern hills,
2 miles NE of Great Malvern r. station, and 6 NW by N
of Upton-on-Severn. Post-town, Great Malvern. Acres,
1,192. Real property, £2,013. Pop. iu 1851, 175; in
1861, 271. Houses, 52. The property belongs to Earl
Beauchamp. Madresfield Court, the Earl's seat, is a
moated Tudor mansion, and stands in a well-wooded
park. Bricks, tUes, aud drain pipes are largely made at
DripsUl. The living is a rectorj' in the diocese of Wor-
cester. Value, £230.* Patron, Earl Beauchamp. The
church was rebuilt in 1S67, and b in the decorated Eng-
lish style, and has a tower and spire. There ai-e an eu
dowed school, and charities £8.
MAJDROX, a vDlage and a parisi in Penzance dis-
triet, Cornwall. The village stands on an eminencs
about 350 feet above sea level, 2 miles NW of Penzance
r. station ; and commands a fine view of Jlounts bay.
The parish contains also the town of Penzance. Post-
town, Penzance. Acres, exclusive of Penzance, 5,505;
of which SO are water. Real property, £10,953; of wliieh
£50 are in tiuarries, and £15 in railways. Pop., 2,512.
House.*, 481. Acres, inclusive of Penzance, 5,991 ; of
which 115 are water. Real propertj-, £42,952; of which
£4,315 are in railway's, and £175 iu gas-works. Pop.,
11,926. Houses, 2,422. The property is much sub-
divided. There are numerous good seats; and some of
them are very old. The road from Penzance to the
■(•illage passes, ou tlie riglit, an avenue to Trenear, — on
the left, York House ; then passes, on the right, the new
cemetery and its chapels, — on the W't, a lane leading to
Nancealveme, Ro^ocaJgehUl, Rosehill, Castlt-Horueck,
and a wa3-siJe cross; then, abont \ of a mile be\-ond the
cemeter}-, arrives at a tuiTiing to tlu: fertile tract of IKi
or Hay, fonncrly an uncultivated m:'or, notable for John
Wesley's long preaching on it from a granite boulder,
now covered by a Wesleyan cliapel; aud then ascends a
steep hill to the ^•ilIa;,'e, passing I'oltair on the left. The
road beyond the village ascends through the plantations
of Trciigwainton, formerly the seat of Sir Rose Pi-ice,
Bart., and now the property of Jle.ssrs. Boletho. Tieng-
wainton Carn, on the Trengwaiutou estate, is famous for
MADUiL
235
MAESCAI!.
conica:;'lin~ ."» nucraifirfnt view and is popularly cali^.l
the P.iiU'a Lo k-out. B-'sworra Cam Ls a rocky crest iisi-i.;
over the sloje of a wiM moor. Laiiyon cromleeh, on.
Lany.T.i rmor, consists of a tabV^tonc IS feet lonj nnJ
S fi.v; troad, resting; on thiee rude pillars; and is i^m-
r,o:;Iy ealb.-I the Giant's Quoit. Kemains of ani ihor
cro;;jle'.h, r-j.irly as larj?, are in a field of Lanyou f.irm.
3!airoa wc!!, about a niile K of the nll.ige, vas bng
L-fli in u'jt-p superstitiinii repute, for supposed thau-
c^.itrirg:: '.irrae?; and was covered by a cllapel or bap-
tis:ery, somt,- mins of whieii still osrist. Tl.e rock? of tho
f arLsb are both iliversinwl and rich. Tin, copper, lead,
aliL'aiEa, £re-clay, porp'bjiv, and granite, are ^vorked.
The fin was 1 -.n,:: obtained ohielly in the Wherry mine,
■ivhic:'- penttTite I beneath tho sea, and yielded so nmcli
ris xS.OCO's 'vorrh of rlu in one snmmer. The fire-clay
L- '.ised f.ir TDakiri^ bricks of eminent .suitableness for
smeltiUj^-hociS'^s and frjuaces. The livinij is .a vicarage,
nnix-i w ith the vicarage of ilorvah, ir. the niocese of
Exeter. Value, £7iO. Patron, the R*v. M. ^^ Peters.
The oiitirch is ancient, has an embattled tower, .icd cou-
taiss some good glass. A rcftusolcum of the Price
fa.-:iily, formerly of Treng^iajnton, is in the churjhyard.
A ruilely scclpfare.i ancient cro^ also is in the church-
yard, and stood for ages in the cenire of the vil-
lage. Tbr Ciiapelries of Penz-mce are separate benefices.
There are chapels for Indep*ndei;ts, Baptists, and Primi-
tive ilcjhxlists, live chapels for Wesleyans, and an en-
dowed scho<Ji with £10d a-year. The Penzance wovk-
ho^ise is in the pai-t of the 'parish beyond the borough;
ani, at the ceusui of 1561, had 147 inmates.
31ADOI, a quondam Eoman station in Kent; on
Vatiins-stK-et, and on the river iledway, in the vicinity
of Rochester. The Medway river vas known to the
Komans as Matins Huvius.
MAZLER. See M.4TLEr.
jrAF.LG->V7C. See CASTLt-5[AELC-n-K.
MAELHAIN". See Milfleld.
MAEN, a Welsh word signifying " a stocc," and used
in ■:ipo;.i-aiihical nomenclatnre.
2iAEN',"<T ilAT£X, a village in Scnnen parish, Com-
•craP; 1? mQe E of Lands-End, and 9 M'S W of Pcniance.
A block of gr.inite, called Table-Maen, preserved here, is
said to L.ve been used at a pic-nic dinner by three Saxon
kings, wher vi^itin? I>ands-End,
ilAEy-ACHWYXFAy, an ancient pill.ir-cro'ss in tlie
N of Flint; in a SeM under Garrtg mountain, 44 miles
N'lV of Hwlywell. Its natne signifies "the Etone of
l^:nellt^t;on.: " and its surface is covered with carv-
ir.si, of a period bet-.veen the 9th century and the
l-2th.
SIAE'^AN', a to^rnibip in Eglwysfach parish, Carnar-
von: on the river Conway, 3 miles N of Llanrirst. Acres,
2,C-'J2. Keo.l property, ^1,345. Pop., 378. Houses,
£0. A Cistertian monastery, a cell to Conway abbey,
was focnJed here in 12S3, by Ed^vard I.; and was givin,
at the diisolation, to the "Wynnes. The roof of its church
was removed to IJanrwst; and only a small fragment
to'.r rem.-.ins.
MAEN-ARTHFTl, the pop'j'.ar "Welsh name of several
crf.m;-.(.bs in "WaUs and Hereford; two of tha chief of
which are noticed in the articles ARTriVR's Stone.
ZuAEXBrRV. See Dorchester, Dorset.
MAEl\CI.OCITi>G, a village and a parish in Narberth
district, Pembroke. The tillage stands on an afSiient of
the river Cledil.';a, under Precelly mountain, 6 miles
KNE of C;arbesTon-road r. station, and Si KNW of
Narberth; t'xk its name from a cromlech, which wa^
dsstroyei by the peaiantry in hope of finding treasures
under it; an 1 has a post-ofiioe under Havcifordwcst, and
fairs on 10 ifaTcb, 22 ^Uy, 5 Aug., IG Sept., and \\\i
Moi-iay before ti* Oct. The inin^h contains also the
hamlet of Voi'an, and comprises 2,754 acres. I!"al pn--
perry, £'J')\. Pep., SC-ii. Houses, &6. Slate is foun<l.
The'living is a Niiarago in tho diocese of St. Davi<r.s.
Valt?, i.~'K Patron, T. Dcwen. llsq.
Jl.^EXKr .\. a tiniishlp in Dnnei:chion parish, Flint;
2} r.il'-i SK of .<t. A?:ijih. Poll", 100.
.MAEXit^K, t!;.- ea,tcm part of Angl-sfiv, along tho
Menai .strait. The name was given to thai tract bj llu
Saxons but is not imw in use.
MAEN-LI.IA. See Li.i.'. (The).
MAEN-MORDDWVDD. Seo Llanilax.
MAEN'EDA INSULA. Sec Man (Isle of).
MAENORBYKR. See M.vxovmEK.
MAENORuEILO. See JLvxokdeii.o.
MAEXORDKWI. Sec Ma.nerdivv.
MAEXORFABOX. See MANORFAnoy.
MAENOROWAIN. See JMaxoeovev.
MAEX-ROCK, a cromlech in St. Just parish, Corn-
wall; at St. Constantines, near St. Mawe.?. It ha-; :;
top stone 33 feet long, 13.^ feet bro.iil, and 14^ thick:
and is computed to weigh 750 tons.
MAENTWROG, a rillagc and a p.-rish in Fcstiniog
district, Merioneth. The village stands on the rivi-r
Dwvryd and on the Sam Helen >\av, in a V2rj' loveiv
situation, and 2 J miles SW by "W of Festiuiog, 5^ NXE
of the Barmouth and Carnarvon railway, which was
completed about the end of 1866, and 0 NE of Har-
lech; took its name from a stone ii> tho churchyard,
dedicated to St. Twrog, who flourished about 610;
contains an inn and some good lodgings, fitting it to be
a centre for tourists visiting picturesque scenery in the
neighbourhood; and furnishes guides for the routes t-.>
choice spots, and specially to the Velin Rhyd waterfalls.
Tho palish comprises 5,465 acres. Post-to^vn, Tany-
bwk'h, under Carnarvon. Real property, £2, 92(^. Pop.,
883. House.s, 179. The property is much subdivided.
Roman coins, inscriptions, and other relics have b^en
found. The living is a rectory, annexed to the rectory
of Festiniog, in the diocese of Bangor. The church was
rebuilt in 1814. Archdeacon Prys, who translated the
Psalms into V-'elsh, aud assisted in the t:'anslation of
the Welsh Eible, was rector. There r.re chapels foi In-
dependents, Wesleyans, and Calvinistic Methodists.
MAEN-Y-BARDD, a township in Caerhun parish,
Carnarvon; 4| miles S of Conwriv. Fop., 318.
MAEN-Y-MOPaV'YNIOX'', an ancienr .sculptnred
stone in Aberysc>T parish, Breconshii-o: 2.V miles Vt' by
N of Brecon. Its name signifies the "maids' stone;"
and its snrfiice has well-preserved figures, and an in-
scription.
MAEN-Y-PREXFOL, a fragment.iry cromlech, 1.6
feet long, in Cellan parish, Cardigan; 3 miles ICE oS
Lampeter. Some curious titaudiug-stones, and other
anHquitins, are near it.
IIAER, a hamlet in the K of Cornwall; 1^ mile KW
of Stratton.
1[.-\ER, a village and a parish in Xcwcastlc-undcr-
Lyne district, Stafford. Tho village stands near a lake
of about 25 acres, the source of the river Tern, If mi!e
S by AY of Whitmore r. station, and 6i SW of Newcas-
tle-under-Lyne; and has a post-ollice under Newcastle,
Stafi'ordshire. The parish contains also the harriiet of
Maenvay-Lane. Acres, 2,730. Real property, AlS.SO'.i.
Pop., 473. Houses, 89. 'i'he property is divided auiong
a few. The manor, with Maer Hall, belongs to AV.
Darenport, Esq. Much of the land was recently wil 1
moor, but has been enclose;! and partly planted. Saiid-
stous, for lOUgh building, is quarried. The living is ix
vicarage in the diocese of Lichfield. YaluB; il6:i."
Patron, W. Davenport, Esq. The chuich was mainly
rebuilt in IGIO, and has an embattled tower. Cbaritii -,
£11.
MAERLEBOROE. See Marleoeocgh.
MAERSIGE. See JIehse.v Island.
MAERWAY-LANE, a hamlet in Maev parish, Stal-
ford. Real property-, t:], 35:5. Pop., 272.
MAES, a Welsh .vurd .signifying "a ]il-un" or "an
open field," and used as a prefi.\ in the n.anes of pla.e-.
5IAESUR00K iLowki: and Uri'EU}, t;.vo t.nvn,n,:s.
with a railway station, in Iviunerhy parish, Salnp; ',i
miles S.SE of Oswcstiv. Pnp., 101 and 235.
JIAESBURY, a to"wn,<hip in O^wotiy j.ari^h, Sa'.-f:
on the Ellosmere canal, 2 miles SE of Osuc-itry. It hi-
a post-oHice under Oswe.^rj'. Piqi., 454.
.MAESBURY CASTLE. .See Cros' omhe.
MAESCAR, a hamb't in Devyrnook pari^^h. Lvoioii-
MAESGAMEDD.
236
MAGOR.
stire ; on the river Usk, at the influx of the Camlet, 8
miles W by S of Brecon. Eeal property, £3,326. Pop.
in 1851, 782; in 1861, 637. Houses, 141.
MAESGAMEDD, a township in Gwydclelwem parish,
Jlerioneth ; 3 miles N of Corwen.
SLAESGWARTHA, a parcel in Llanelly parochial
chapelry, Brecon; on the Brecon canal, 2 miles S of
Crickhowell. Eeal property, £11,171; of which £105
are in quarries, £5,023 in ironworks, and £1,399 in the
canal. Pop., 1,659.
MAESGWAYLOD, a township in Overton parish,
FHnt; 64 miles NE of Chirk.
MAESGWIG, a township in Bettws-yn-Ehos parish,
Denbigh; 3i raUes S\V of Abergele. Pop., 164.
MAESGWYN, a township in Nantmel parish, Rad-
nor; near Llyngwyn, 4 miles ESE of Rhayader. Real
property. £3,107. Pop., 384. Houses, 62.
MAESGWTN, a township in Gwyddelwern parish,
Merioneth; 2 mUes N of Corwen. Eeal property,
£2,039.
MAES KNOLL, an ancient British camp in the N of
Somerset; on Wans dyke, at the E end of Dundry hill,
in the southern vicinity of Bristol. Its N side is tra-
versed by "Wans dyke ; and its interior is traversed by a
bank 390 feet long, 84 feet broad, and 45 feet high.
MAESLEMYSTAN, a township in Llangadfan par-
ish, Montgomery; 6^ miles ITVV of Llanfair.
MAESLOUGH CASTLE, the seat of the "Wilkins
family in the S of Radnor; on the river Wye, 4^ mUes
WSVV of Hay.
MAESMAJNCYMRO, a townshin in Llanynys parish,
Denbigh; 3i miles NNW of Ruttin. Real property,
£1,500.
MAESMAWR, a township in Llandinam parish,
Montgomery; 5.i miles WSW of Newtown.
MAES-MVNAN, a beautiful vale in the KW of Flint;
near Caerwys.
]MAES-MYNIS, a parish in Builth district, Brecon;
between the rivers Irvon and Donhiw, 1 mile SW of
Builth town and r. station. It contains the village of
Nantyrapian ; and its Bost-town is Builth, Breconshiie.
Acres, 4,012. Real property, £1,328. Pop., 239.
Houses, 42. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
St. David's. Value, £128.* Patron, the Bishop of St.
David's. The church is ancient, and has an old font.
Charities, £8.
MAESRYCHEN, a township in Llandysilio parish,
Denbigh; 2 miles NW of Llangollen. Pop., 542.
JIAESTEG, a town and a sub-district in Bridgend
district, Glamorgan. The town is in Llangonoyd par-
ish; stands on the river Llynvi, and on the Llynvi Val-
ley railway, 9 mUes NW by N of Bridgend; occupies a
sequestered spot, entirely surrounded by ranges of hills;
is a place of recent origin and of rapid growth; owes its
rise and progress to the establishment and extension of
ironworks; and has a station on the railway, a post-officei
under Bridgend, a chapel of case to Llangonoyd, several
dissenting chapels, and t^vo British schools. Its pop.
in 1867 was not much short of 14,000. — The sub-district
contains all Llangonoyd parish and seven other parishes.
Pop. in 1861, 8,562. Houses, 1,639.
MAESTREFGOMER, a township in Tref-Eglwys
parish, Montgomery ; 4^ mUes N of Llanidloes.
MAESTREFNANT, a township in Llanfihangel-y-
Pennant parish, Merioneth; 74 miles NE of Towyn.
Real property, £597. Pop., 64.
MAESTRON, a township in Llanycil parish, Merio-
neth; near Bala. Real property, £662. Pop., 185.
MAESTRO YDDIN, a township in Conwil-Cayo par-
ish, Carmarthen; on the river Twrch, 8 J miles WNW
of Llandovery. Real property, £1,659. Pop., 431.
MAESTYKRHOSELOWRY, a township in Llan-
dewy-Ystraienny parish, Radnor; 9 miles NW of New
l^adnor. Real property, £2,056. Pop., 336.
ilAESYCRYGlAU, a railway station on the NW bor-
der of Carmarthen; on the Manchester and Milford rail-
way, 8| miles SW of Lampeter.
MAESYCWMMER, a railway station on the W bor-
der of Monmouth; on the Rhymney and Newport rail-
way, at the junction of the line to Pontypool, 16 miles
by railway NW by W of Newport.
MAESYCYNFORTH, a hamlet in the N of Brecon;
on the river Irvon, 7 miles WSW of Builth. It has a
fair 0)1 28 Sept., and a good small inn; and is a resort
of anglers.
MAESYDDERN, a hamlet in Breconshire; 2 miles
SE of lirecoii.
-M AE.5YFYNN0N, a liamlet in Llanddausaint parish,
Carmarthen ; under the Black mountains, 6.^ miles S of
Llandovery. Pop. with Quatre-mawr, 541.
MAESYGARMON, an ancient battle-field in the Sot
Flint; 1 mile W of Mold. The British Christians, under
St. Germauus, encountered the Saxons and Picts here in
448 ; advanced against them with a loud shout of Alle-
luia ; and gained over them what is called the " Victoria
AUeluiatica." A stone column, in commemoration of
the victoi-y, was erected on the field in 1736.
MAESYGLASEY, a township in MaUivyd pariah,
Merioneth; 2 miles S of Dinas-Mowddwy.
MAESYGROES, a township in CiJcen parish, Flint:
4i miles WNW of Mold. Pop., 237,
MAESYRODYN, a tovmship in Llanfihangel-Glyn-y-
Myfyr parish, Denbigh ; 11 miles SW of Ruthin. Real
property, £970. Pop., 198.
MAESYTREFNANT, a township in Towyn parish,
Merioneth; near To^\-yn. Pop., 49.
]\IAGAVELDA. See Mayfield, Sussex.
MAGDALEN COLLEGE. See Cambridge.
MAGDALEX-FIFEHEAD. See Fifehead-Magda-
LEy.
JIAGDALEN-GATE, a railway station in Norfolk;
on the Lynn and Wisbeach railway, at Wiggenhall-St.
Mary Magdalen parish, near the river Ouse, 71 miles
SSW of Lynn.
MAGDALEN-GREEN, a hamlet in Great Clactou
j)arish, Essex; on the coast, 15 miles SE of Colchester.
M.'^GD.^LEN HILL, an eminence in Hants; Similes
E of Winchester. It commands a very extensive view;
and a fair is held on it on 2 Aug.
MAGDALEN-LAVEE. See Lavep.-Magdalex.
MAGDALEN-ST. MARY. See Canterbury, Brido-
KOUTH, COLCnE.STER, LaTJNCESTOX, LINCOLN, LoNDON,
Oxford, and Wiggesiiall.
MAGESTON, a hamlet in Frampton parish, Dorset;
5.^ miles NW of Dorchester,
MAGHER-Y-CHIARN, ahOl-side field in Kirk-Ma-
rown parish. Isle of Man ; 4 mUes NVV by W of Doug-
las. t'i\e upright stones, from 3 to 5J feet high, stand
here on a stone platform Si feet long and 31 feet broad ;
and the two tallest are deeply incised with crosses, simi-
lar to the ancient British crosses in Wales and ComwalL
The original erections may have been heathen ; and the
incisions may have been made after the introduction of
Christianity. St. Patrick is traditionally said to have
ministered on the platform; and the popular name of it
is St. Patrick's Chair.
MAGHULL, a township-chapelry in Halsall parish,
Lancashire; on the Leeds aiid Liverpool canal, and on
the Liverpool and Orraskirk railway, 5 miles SSW of
Orraskirk. It has a station on the railway, and a post-
officet under LiverpooL Acres, 2,073. Eeal property,
£8,439. Pop., 1,144. Houses, 196. The property is
much subdivided. ilaghuU HaU is the seat of B. French,
Esq. ; Manor House, of H. M'Elroy, Esq. ; and 3Ioss-Side
House, of T. Harrison, Esq. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of Chester. Value, £155.* Patron, the
Eector of HalsalL The church is a good plain edifice,
of various dates. There are a national school, and chari-
ties £4.
JIAGLON.'V. See Machynlleth.
JlAG-LORDSHIP,ahamlet in South Crossland chapel-
ry, Almondbury parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 3J miles SW
of Huddersfield.
JIAGNA. See Kenchestek.
ilAGNA-ON-THE-WALL. See Caervoroan.
MAGNUS- PORTUS. See Portsmouth.
M.\GNUS (St.). See Lo.vdon.
MAGOR, a village, a township, and a parish, in New-
1L\IDA-HILL.
287
MAIDENIIPJAU.
port district, lloninouth. The villaga stands on Old
brook or Pratt pill, adjacent to the South Wales rail-
way, on the N border of Caldicot level, IJ mile N
of the Severn's estuary, and 7i E by S of Ke«-port;
and has a station on the railwaj-, and a post-offioe,t
under Chepstow. Tiie township extends to the coast,
and comprises 1,S9U acres of land and 830 of water.
Keal property, £3,636. Pop., 451. Houses, 91, The
pariih contains also the chapclry of Redwick, and com-
prises 4,124 acres of land, and 6,390 of water. Eeal
jiroperty, £7,955. Pop., 740. Houses, 141. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. The living is a vicarage,
united with the chapelry of Redwick, in the diocese of
Llandiiff. Value, £285.* Patron, the Duke of Beau-
fort. The church is a handsome edifice; has an early
Ea^'lish tower, with later English alterations; and was
ab-:)!!! to be restored in April, 1S67. The churchyard is
pretty. There are a Baptist chapel, a national school,
and charities £3.
iLAG<r>S. See Caerfaoan.
ilAIDA-HILL, a quondam-hamlet in Paddington and
St Jlarylebone parishes, ^lid'Llesex ; near the Grand
Junction canal, 3 miles WNW of St. Paul's, London.
It is now a part of the metroiwlis; and it contains many
haailsome houses.
MAIDEN BO^V^:R, an ancient British camp in Dun-
stable jiarish, Beds; 1 mile WNW of Dunstable. It
occupies an area of 9 acres, and has a bank from S to 14
feet high.
JIAIDEX BOWER, an eminence U mile W of Dur-
■ ham citv. The prior and monks of Durham held aloft
the corporax cloth of St. Cuthbert here, in sight of both
armies, during the battle of Red Hills in 1346.
iLilDEN-BRADLEY, a village and a parish in the
district of Jlere; the village and most of the parish in
"Wilts, the rest of the parish in Somerset. The village
stands 4\ miles N of 3Iere, and 5 ESE of Witham r. sta-
tion; occupies high ground, overlooked by higher but
isolated hUls; and has a post-otEce under Bath, and a
pictiue5<iue inn. The parish includes, as its Somerset
portion, the hamlet of Yamfield ; and comprises alto-
gether 4,546 acres. Real property of the AVilts portion,
£5,113. Pop., 592. Houses, 119. Eeal property of
Yarnfield, returned with Kilmington and Norton-ferns.
Pop., 61. Houses, 13. The property belongs to the
DsLke of Somerset ; and Maiden-Bradley House is the
Dnke's seat. An hospital for leprous women was founded
here, in the time of Stephen, or in that of Henry II.,
by ilacasser Bisset; was changed, in 1190, into an Au-
gu-tinidn priory; was given, at the dissolution, to the
Sft-ymours; and is now represented bj' some remains, in-
corporated with a farm-house. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £121.* Pa-
tron, Christ Church, Oxford. . The church contains
monumentsof the Seymours, and is good. Charities, £13.
MAIDE^T CASTLE, an ancient fortification in Dur-
hanLihire; on a clitf 100 feet high above the river Wear,
2 miles E of Durham. It has an oblong form, about
500 feet in length; i.^ single-ditched; has works which
have been pronounced partly Roman and partly Saxon ;
is now partly covered with wood; and commands a fine
view.
MAIDEX CASTLE, a Roman camp near Reeth, in
N. ]{. Yorkshire. It forms a square, 300 feet each way.
MAIDEX CASTLE, Dorset. See DonCHESXEa.
ilAlDEXCO.MBE, a hamlet in Stokeinteignhead par-
ish, Devon; on the coast, in a beautiful dell, 3 miles S
of Teignmouth. It contains several gentlemen's houses,
and a lew farm-houses; and has a fine waterfall of about
80 feet, and a romantic cove.
MAIDEN COURT, a place in the W of Berks; 3^
miles .SE of Lamboum.
MAIDEX-DALE. a place in the SE of Durham; 1
mile SE of Darlington.
M.\IDEX-GKEEN, a hamlet in the E of Berks; 5i
miles SW of Wimlsor.
ilAlDENHAYNE, a hamlet in Musbury parish, De-
von; 3 miles SW of Axminsrer.
MAIDENHE.VD, a town and two chapelrios in Bray
and Cookham parish, Berks. The town stands adjacent
to the river Thames and the Great Western railway, at
the boundary with Bucks, 6i miles NW of Wintlsor.
Its history was written to the length of a volume by
Mr. Gorham, once incumbent of its chapelry, and after-
wards vicar of Brampford-Speke; but it really contains
little matter of any note. 1 ts name, at some early period,
was South Allington or Sudlington; and was altersvards
changed popidarly into Maidenhead, in conscqueni'e of
some monkish exhibition at it of an alleged holj virgin's
head, commemorated by a window in the modem church.
But the historical name, as occurring in several ancient
records, was Maidenhithe or Maydenehythe; and is sup-
posed to have been derived from a great wharf for timber,
which existed on the a'ljacent part of the Thames, prior
to the erection of a timber bridge in the 13th century.
The bridge became a thoroughfare of much consequence,
and made some figure in several public events. A chantrj-
was established in the town by ilargaret, second queen
of Edward I. ; and had, for one of its object.s, the main-
taining and repairing of the bridge. The corporation of
the town also were authorized to exact a pontage upon
all merchandise, and to take a tree annually out of
Windsor forest, for the same object. A skiiTuish took
place in the town in the tinie of Richard II. ; the bridge
was held by the Duke of Sorrey; and Henry IV. hud
great difficulty in crossing. James I., after a day's
hunting, rode unattended into the town, and had a
ludicrous encounter at the inn wth the vicar of Bray
and the curate of JIaidenhead. Charles I., in 1647, afte'
several yeare' separation from his three childixu, was
allowed to meet them at the Greyhound inn. A party
of James II. 's Irish soldiers were posted at the bridge, in
16S8, to impede or stop the advance of the Prince of
Orange to the metropolis; but, at the mere sound of a
Dutch march played by some of the townsmen, they ran
off in a panic, and abandoned their cannon. "The town,
from its situation on the principal western road, was
unavoidably subjected to annoyance from the troubles
betweenthetime of theEeformationandthatofthf: Revolu-
tion; and a thicket to the W of it was so specially peril-
ous that an extra salary was, for some time, given to the
local clergymen, to compensate for the dangeT- or cost
of passing it. T. Pickman, the architect, was a native.
The country around ilaidenhead is highly cultivated,
ricldy adorned with villas, mansions, and woodlands,
and very picturesque. The views of the wooded slopes
on the Bucks bank of the river are surpassingly beautiful.
The town consists chiefly of one long street, nuining
from E to W; it extends from the bridge to Folly-hill; it
is in the parish of Bray along the S side, and in that of
Cookham along the N side; it underwent improvement,
with the addition of new houses of a superior order, in
j'ears prior to 1840; and it so rapidly increased in yeai's
previous to 1865, that house accommodation became de-
ficient, building operations were active, resolutions were
taken to enlarge the town-haU and to build a lecture-
hall and a corn-exchange, and a proposal arose to erect a
large hotel. The town-hall and the market-house were
thoroughly repaired shortly before 1864. The bridge
was rebuilt in 1772, by btr R. Taylor, at a cost of
£20,000; is a handsome stmcture; and comprises seven
large semi-circular arches of stone, and three smaller
arches of brick. The Great Western railway passes im-
mediately S of the town; and sends ofl" a branch along
its Wsidc, to a transit over the Thames, 3i miles to the
N, toward High Wycombe and Thame. "The viaduct
carrying the main Hue over the river, immediately E of
the town, has two flat elliptical arches, each 123 feet in
span, besides ci''ht land-arches; and is constnicted al-
most entirely of brick. Two stations serve for the town;
the one on the main line, the Taplow and ilaidenhead,
22.J miles from Paddington; the other on the Wycombe
branch, the Boyne-Hili and Maidenhead, 24^ miles from
Paddington. The church of St. Andrew and St. Marj--
Maalalon is a handsome modern stnicture, on the site
of the chantry founded by Queen Margaret. The church
of St. Luke stands in North Town; was built, in 1866,
at a cost of £3,500; is in the early English style, of
ilAIDEN-IIOUSE.
233
MAIDSTONE.
•Charlbury freestoue, with r.atli-stoue dreisings; was left
oil' incomplete, the tower and part of the nave remaining
to be built; aad comprises part uave, aisles, and chan-
cel, with veshy and organ-chauiber. The Independent
1 hapel was enlarged and much improved Ln ISol. There
are chapels fur Baptists and P. Methodists. There are
likewise a literaiy and scientific institution ; a national
school, supported by subscription ; an infant school,
under trustees ; three school endowments, of £82, £31,
and £18 a-year; alms houses, with £J3; a charity for
clergymen's widows, good servants, and the pi>or, with
£218; and other charities, £39i. The town has a head
post-office,t a telegraph station, a county police station,
a banking-office, and four chief inns; and is a seat of
petty sessions, and a poUing-jdace. Fairs are held on
Whit- Wednesday, 29 Sept., and 30 Nov. There are
two large breweries, and a large com-miU; and the latter
is driven by the weir-water Irom a solid stone lock on
the river, about ^ a mile above the bridge. The town
was chartered by Edward III.; and is governed, nnder
the new act, by a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 12 comicillors.
Corporation income, about £1,110. Pop. in 1851,
3,607; in 1S61, 3,895. Houses, 734. Pop. of the Brav
portion, 1,865.— The chapelries are St. 5lary and St.
Luke; the latter constituted in 1865. The living of St. 5L
is a p. curacy, that of St. L. a vicarage, in the dio. of Ox-
ford. Value of St. M., £172;* of St. L., £50. Patron of
St. M., E. F, Maitland, Esq.; of St. L., the Bishop of 0.
MAIDEN-HOUSE, an extra-parochial tract in Lin-
colnshire; 7J miles NW of Sleaford. Pop., 4.
MAIDEN-NEWTON, a viUage, a parish, and a sub-
iistrict, in Dorchester district, Dorset. The villa'^
stands on the river Frome, and on the Dorchester and
Yeovil railway, at the junction of the branch to Brid-
I'ort, 7| miles NWof Dorchester; was once a moi-ket-
tou-n; and has a station with telegraph on the railway,
a post-ollicej under Dorchester, and fairs on S March and
4 May. The parish contains also the hamlets of Cruiton
andNotton. Acres, 2,853. Real property, £-3,912. Pop.,
S-H. Houses, 167. The property is mostly in one estate.
L'on-founding and bi-ewing are carried on. ' Some Roman
tesselated pavement was found on the S border, near the
end of last century. The living is a rectorv in the dio-
cese of Salisbury. Value, £600.* Patron?,' the Earl of
Ilchester and the Countess of Egremont. The church is
Norman; consists of nave, S aisle, and transept, with a
central embattled tower; and is in good condition. There
are an Independent chapel, a national school, and char-
ities £5. The sub-district contains also seventeen
other parishes. Acres, 35,234. Pop., 5,603. Houses,
1,075.
JIAIDEN-P.VPS, two round- topped limestone rocks
i;i Tunstall toivnship, Bishop-Wearmouth parish, Dur-
liam; 2^ miles SS W of Sunderland. They Sine as land-
marks to mariners entering Sunderland harbour.
M.\IDEN-WAY, a Roman road in Westmoreland and
Cumberland. It was a branch of Watling-street; it com-
menced at Kirkby-Thore, in Westmoreland; and it went
northward, over Cross-Fell, past Whitlev Castle and
Caervorran, or Magna-on-the-Wall, to B^wcastle. Some
portions of it are still distinctly traceable.
MaIDENWELL, ahamlctiu Farforth parish, Lincoln;
51 miles S of Louth. Pop., 59. Maidenwell Hou-;e, a
neat and picturescpie mansion, is the seat of G. H.
Browne, Esq. The hamlet vi'as formerly a parish; and
it still ranks as a vicarage, annexed to the rectory of
Backland, in the diocese of Lincoln.
MAIDFORD, a paiish, with a village, in Towcester
ilistrict, Northampton; 5 miles SSW of Weedon r. sta-
tion, and 6 NW by W of Towcester. Post-town, Tow-
coster. Acres, 1,930. Real property, £2,1:! 5; of which
£15 are in qnaiTies. Pop., 344. Houses, 81. The pro-
I'crty is divide'l among a few. The manor belongs to W.
tiiant, Esq. TJie living is a. rectory in the diocesi of
Peterborough. Value, £300.* Patron, AV. Grant, Esq.
'i'ha church is oarly Luglish, in good condit'.::; and con-
sists of nave, S aiale, and chancel, with porch znd tower.
Charities, £21.
M.VIDS-MORETON, a parish in the ilistrlct an 1 county
of Buckingham; on the Buckingham canal, 1 mile NE of
Buckingham town and r. station. Post-town, Bucking-
ham. Acres, 1,260. Real property, £2,930; of which
£12 are in the canal. Pop., 543. Houses, 124. The
property is divided among a few. One manor belongs to
the Duke of Buckingham; and another is leased bv the
Rev. W. A. Uthwatt, from All Soids college, O.xford.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of O.vfurd. Valup,
£294. Patron, Mrs. A. Uthwatt. Tie church was built
in 1450, by two maiden sisters, daughtcre of Lord I'eover;
took thence the name of ilaids-Moreton, and "ave that
name to the parish; is a beautiful specimen of later Eng-
lL<!h; comprises nave and chancel, with two porches and
W embattled tower; has a very curious W door, " a pro-
jectLng panelled battlement, supporte.i by rich fan-
tracery, springing from the jamb mouldings;" and con-
tains a Gothic screen, three se<Ulia, a fine font, and several
ancient brasses and monuments. There are a national
school, a poor's allotment yielding £90 a-year, and other
charities £5.
MAIDSTONE, a town, a parish, two sub-districts, a dis-
trict, and a hundred, in Kent. Tiie town st;tnds on tli e river
Medway, at the influx of the Len, adjacent toth.e Roches-
ter and Paddock-Wood branch of the Southeastern rail-
way, at the junction ivith it of the line from Strood, Th
miles S by E of Rochester. It dates from very early
times. It is said to have been the thii-d largest city of
the ancient Britons, and to have been called by them
Medwag or Megwad, from the name of the river. It was
known to the Romans as Ad Madam, also from the name
of the river, which the Romans called .Mad-as. Some
antiquaries suppose it to have been the station Vagniac»
of Antoninus; and they fortify their opinion by the fact
that numerous Roman remains have been found here;
but others hold the opinion as open to doubt. The town
was called Medwegestiin or Medwngston, by the S.ixons.
and appears in Domesday book as Meddestane ; aud it
then had several mills, eel fisheries, aud salt jians. The
manor belonged, from an early period, to the Archbishops
of Canterbury; was transferred to llenrv VII 1. by Craa-
mer; remained with the Crown till the"time of Edward
VI.; was given then to Sir Thomas Wyatt of Allington;
reverted, at Wyatt's rebellion, to the Crown; was given,
by Charles I., to the Hattons ; and passed, in 1720, to
the Romneys. The archbishops of Caaterbur'.-, for a
time, had no residence in it; but Archbishop Laugton
acquired the house of W. de CornhLU in it in the time of
King John; Archbishop Utford commenced the recon-
struction of that house into a palace in 1345; and sub-
sequent archbishops completed, enlarged, and adorned it,
and used it as a favourite residence. The palace was
^ven by Queen Elizabeth to Sir John .\stley; passed to
bir Jacob .\stley, Charles I.'s Baron of Reading; and was
alienated from tlie Astleys to the first Lord Roinney.
The town acquired importance from the presence of tho
archbishops ; received some enrioliments at their hands;
was long the halting-place of pilgrims to Car.terburv;
and had, for their use, an edifice called the Travellers'
hospital or college, founded by Archbishop Boniface.
Some Protestant martyrs were burnt in the town iu tho
time of .llaiy; the plague devastated it in 1503-5, 1604,
1607, and 166'.;-8; and Fairfax, at the head of 10,000 mou,
stormed it in 1648. About 2,000 royalist troops, under
Sir John _Ma}Tiey, held it against Fairfax; they made such
stout resistance as to >ield the ground only inch by iu'.h;
and, after a struggle of five hours, they retreated into the
church, and there made terras for surrender. CLu-endon
says, "It was a very sharp encounter, very biavt^ly
fought, with Fairfax's whole strength; and I'iie veteran
soldiers confesscvl that they hid never met with the like
desperate service during "the war." Archbishop Lee,
Bishop Ralph de Maidstouo, Bi.-hop Walt-rde Maiditone,
Jenkyus the composer, Woolk-tt the ongr-avcr, Jeffrvs
the ii.iintcr, Brou'diton the secret^iry at Chiilos I.'s tri.il,
and Newton tlie local historian were na<:ivcs; ami R.irl
AVincholsea takes from the town the titl- of Visoou;i:.
The town occupies a fine situation. It is s?n^enfd by
surrounding hills, rising from the beautiful vale of the
Medway; it stands principally on the slopes of a hill.
iJAlDSrONE.
239
MAIDSTONE.
B.=c<fnding from tao right bank of the river, niiil dcclin-
iflg towird tav "A' jnd the S; it i erives veiitil.ition niul
cleaalinesi froai the nature of its site; it is noted for
hoth the es.ellenoe of its w;itt;r iiud tlie dryness of its
s-ril; and it eaJoyitLe an-.euiti-s of a sunounding country
renJ-ereJ peculiirir charming- by innumerable orchards
tiad hop-g-irdca.--. It cotijisti clnclly of four streets, in-
tersecting rzi another near the public drinking fuuntain,
2nd of sicalirr ones leading frjni them; and it extends
upwards of a mile from X to S, and is about J of a
rr.ile in IrtaJlL The High-street toninuuces at an an-
cient seTcE-arched bridge ovtr the Medway, ascends to
the W, and is verj- spaciooa. Tlie Loudon-ruad, partly
<: iiiiced ■n'idt elcgvint modem houses, goes oli' from the
bridge, oa a line vrith High-street; and the Park-mea-
dows, naEid frora a jjark or pleasaunce wliich anciently
belonged to th.= Episcopal palace and the Ti-avellers'
hospital, extend oa the same side of the river. A general
vievr of the toTrn, coring to the configuration of the
gr:.mid on ";oth sides of the vale, is not easily obtained;
L'-l sach rarvlal v-iev.'s as -.an be got are very fine. One
of the best is from a point on the river-bank below the
"W end of the churchyard; and this shows the old palace,
the old hosrital, and All Saints church in a very pic-
turesque ST>.ap. Other views take much character from
gable-l hollies and decorated fronts, and from the large
loyal hor^e artillery barracks. A large proportion of the
houses are ancient, and more or less quaint or pictur-
esque; b^ir. E.my, on the other hand, are modern and
Lani50'nie. A t..-ndcncy to extension became pretty
manifest in the thL^d deead of the present century; aud
it ■tvorke-l oa all sides, particularly to the E of Gabriel's-
hill, and Week -street, on the Ashi'ord-road; but it has
rot seriously aliereJ the general aspect of antiquity. The
•old palace as enl.irged by Archbishop Coiirteuay, and as
both enlargtd and adorned by Archbishop Morton, is now
divided into two private residences, but still shows an E
iront in Tudor ar'iitecture, and other fronis in Inter
English- A long range of building, on the opposite side
•cf the road, originally part of tlie palace-offices, and now
nsei for stabl^ss and tan-stores, shows the original e.xterior
little altered, eiiibiting windows and an external stair of
late deoorited English character. A small budding at
xba end of 3Iill-sirect, immediately at the gate turning
down to rhe palace, is probably of the 14th century, and
shows interesting architectural features. Another an-
cieiit house, with very rich carved and pargeted front,
probably of the time of James I. , is on the right in enter-
ing nigh-street from, the r. station. Cliilliugton House,
in St. Faith-street, originally the court-house of the
manor, and n jw occupied as tne public museum, belongs
to the early part of the 16th century, exhibits interesting
features of that p-eriod, and contains a fine collection of
3>iil Ko3ia:i antiquities, and a collection of fossils and
bLris froni the neighbourhood. The Travellei-s' hospital
or college, situated on the slope between ^Vll Saints chiu-ch
and the river, underwent considerable alterations in 1S45,
L'at still presents to antiquarian observers a very fii\e
npr-er gare-iray tower, a luig dowm ward range of quondam
1 'nests' aj-artments, a I'jwer tower at the end of that
rjJige, j.art cl the muster's house occupying the side of a
court toward the river, a ruined tower adjoining that
hou~e, and a second or back gateway. The hospital was
originallj founded in 1260, by Archbishop Boniface;
was incorporated in 1S95, by Archbishop Courteuay, with
a Lew collegia of secular priests foundeil by liira contign-
<,ii to All Saints church; and continued to flourish till
sappn-ised in the m-st year of Edward VI. The ruins,
l<sides the inur.st of their architectural features, possess
the i.iterest of rich variety of tinting from weather-worn
stvuc and clustering ivy; aud the upper gateway tower
com man is on .• of the b.f3t views over the town and vale.
The toi.-n-hall sfaut'is in High-street, near the centre of
lie to-.vn; and L^ a large plain building. The assize court
and thj county jail stand on the J!ocliestcr-ro id, oa a
vlot of 14 acres; form together one fiuc ftructurc, of
jlentiih ng; .and were built in ISIS, at ;; cost of i;i!00,000.
The court-nouse is in the front: comprises a conunodious
ran^e oi" rooats; and is usi>l both for assizes aud for quar-
ter sessions. The jail has oap.acity for 4C6 male and 1"22
ft in. do I'risoners. The royal horse artillery biiracl s stand
below, on the river-side; and have accommod.ation for
about 400 men. The NVest Kent militia barracks stand
at the top of Lfnion-street; were erected in 1S57; and are
a hirgti brick building. The com-cxchai:gc was erected
o\er Uu- market for meat, fish, and veget.ibfes, at a cost of
£4,000; IS entered by an archway from High-street, at the
Mitre hotel; and was thought, for a time, to be very com-
modious ; but the business done in it, originally extensivo
and multifarious, grew rapidly; and imi)roveincnts oil
it, long felt to hi much needed, were completed in
the spring of 1867. There are assembly' rooms, a thea-
tre, a conduit of 1d-24, public baths and wash-houses,
and a public drinkiiig-fountain. The baths and wash-
houses stand in Fair-meadow; and were erected in 18.52,
at a cost of £6,24-5. The drinkiug-fouutain stands in the
market-place; was erected in 1862, at the erpense of Jlr.
Kandall; is an open Gothic qiuidnmgular structure, en-
closing a life-size marble statue of the Queen, aud sur-
mounted by richly-crocketted canopy; consists of red
ilansfiold stone in the base, and of Portland stone in the
upper part; and has, at the angles, columns of red granite,
with carved capitals, each surmounted by a statue-figure
of a winged angeL The county lunatic a.sylum stands at
Barming-Heath; and is an extensive r.ange of building,
with accommodation for nearly 700 inmates. The West
Kent general hospital was recently enlarged bya ncwwing;
and, at the census of 1851, had 23 inmates. The ophthalmic
hospital, at that census, had 37 inmates. The mechanics*
institution, as well as the public museum, is held in
ClLilliugtou House; and it has a library of upwards of
4,000 volumes, and maintains lectures during the v\ in-
ter months.
All Saints church stands commandingly on a clifi";
v.as mainly built iu 1381-96, by Archbishop/ Courteuay;
is all later English; measures 227 feet by 91; comprises
nave, aisles, and chancel, with a chantry of 1 3G6 ; had
formerly another chantry of 1406; has a SW tower, 7S
feet high, formerly surmounted by a spire 50 feet high,
which W.1S destroyed by lightning in 1730; contaius a
richly painted chancel-screen, elaborately ornamented
sedilia, the grave of Archbishop Courtenay, remains of an
ancient fresco, several ancient monuments, and a Jacob-
ean font; was recently restored, and fitted with open
seats; has a new N memorial window to C. Jlercer,
erected in 1864; and was collegiate from the 14th cen-
tury till the EefoiTnation. Trinity church stands in
Church-street, was erected in 182S, and is a Ini-ge plain
stone edifice. St. Peter's church was originally the cha-
pel of the Travellers' hospital; stood long in a state of
neglect and dilat.idation; and was restored and enlarged
in 1839. St. Jolin's church stands at Mote Park, the
seat of the Earl of Itoraney; w.os built in 1561; and is in
the early English style, of Bath-stone, with bell-turret.
St. Paul's church stands at Peiryfields; was built in
1S60, at a cost of more than £5,000; is in the style of
the 14th centuiy ; aud consists of nave, aisles, aud chan-
cel, with a tower. St. Philip's church stands ,"t Kings-
ley, and was buUt iu 1858, and greatly altered m 1869.
St. Stephen's church stands in Tovil townsh'p, about a
mile from the town; and is a stone building, with
about COO sittings. St. Faith's church is a tempo-
rary iron - building. The Independent chajiel iu
Week-street was built in 1S65, at a cost of £2,649; is
ill the Italian style, of white brick, with Bath-stone
dressings; and contains 800 sittings. There are three
chayiels for Baptists, aud one each for Presbyterians,
Quakers, Unitarians, Wesleyans, Primitive Methodists,
and Koinan Catholics. The public cemetery is on the
Sutton-road, about a mile S of the town; and ha; two
handsr.ino chai».Is. There are remains of a grey friuy,
tuunded in 1331, and removed to Walsiiighani ; imd of
.St. Faith's eliapvl, which was used, iu the time of Kli/a-
beth, by the ^\'allooni. The grammar s;hool, in Earl-
street, aro.-ic frOiQ property of the Corpus Chri.>ti brother-
hood, founded iu 1324, andsupprcsseil in 1547; and has
an endoved income of £43 a-year, ami two exliibitions
at University College, Oiford. 'I'hc blue coat school.
MAIDSTONE.
240
MAIN-BENCH.
in Kni-litridcr-strott, w.is fuumlcd in 1711; gives edu-
cation to 53 boys and -13 girls; and has an endowed in-
come of £135. Sir Cliades Booth's school gives educa-
tion to 35 boys and 35 girls, and has an endowed income
of £99. The gi-een coat school gives education to 12 boys
and ri girls.° There are seven national schooLj, two
Bi-itiMi .schools, two infant schools, an industrial school ,
for, "-iris and a Tresbyterian school. Sir John banks
alinS-houscs are for si.x; poor persons, and have £60 a- ^
vear from endowment; Brenchley's are for old persons,
and have £50; Duke's are for females, and have £191;
Hunter's are for twelve poor persons, and have £184;
Corrall's are for six persons, in six houses; and Cut-
bush's are for decayed tradesmen or journej-men me-
chanics, were built and endowed in 1865 at a cost of ^
nearly £12,000, and give £5-2 a-year to the holder of ;
each of si.x houses. The total amount of endowed char- ^
ities is about £1,500 a-year. . ,
The to^vn has a head post-office,t a railway station ;
with telegraph, two banking-offices, and four chief inns; ■
is a seat of a.ssizes, quarter-sessions, petty -se.ssions,^ and j
county courts, and the place of election for "West Kent; j
and publishes four weekly newspapers, and one twice a- ;
•week. A market for com, seeds, and hops, is held on ;
every Tuesday; a market for general business, on every I
Saturday; a cattle-market, on the second Tuesday of every i
month; and fairs, on 13 Feb., 12 May, 20 June, and 17
Oct An extensive navigation trafhc was formerly car- j
ried on, seaward down the Medway; amounted, for a i
number of years, to an annual aggregate of 120,000 tons, |
passing through Allington lock, and pajing £3,000 of
tolls; but has been exceedingly reduced since the open- ,
in" of the railways. The wharves at the town are well
suited for unload'ing coals, but afford no proper berth to
a sea-going vessel, and have no suitable appliances for
discharging heavj- goods or for shipping timber. There
are several large paper-mills, a large oil-mill, paper-
mould works, breweries, malting establishments, a dis-
tillery, a tanner}', iron-foundries, agricultural implement
manufactories, coach-building establishments, Roman
cement and lime-works, ornamental plaster works, to-
bacco-pipe works, and hop-bag, matting, sacking, and
rope and twine manufactories. There are also.iu the
Eeighbourhood, brick-tields, extensive stone quarries, and
extensive market-orchards. The stone from the quarries
is a Kentish rag, much used for docks, wharves, and
church building; and the fruit from the orchards is sent
largely to the London market. One of the neighbouring
quanies furnished the famous fossil iguanodon, now in the
]',i-itish museum. A large quantity of timber, from the
^Veald, is barged hence down the river for the use of the
Chatham dockyard. The town is a borough by prescrifn
tion ; was first chartered by Edward VI. ; sends two
members to parliament ; and, under the new act, is di-
vided into four wards, and governed by a mayor, 6 al-
dermen, and IS councillors. Corporation income, in
1855, £7,302. Amount of property and income tax
charged in 1S63, £0,280. The municipal borough ex-
cludes a small part of the parish, and the parliamentary
borouj'h is coutorniinate with the whole. Acres of the
p. borough, 4,632. Real property in 1860, £104,780; of
which £84 were in quarries, £992 in canals, £462 in
milwavs, and £2,297 in gas-works. Electors in 1833,
1,103 ■ in 1863, 1,073. Pop. of the m. borough, in 1851,
"0 740; in 1861, 23,016. Houses, 4,111. Pop. of the
p. 'borough in 1851, 20,801; in 1861, 23,053._ Houses,
4 119. A railway to Ashford was authorised in 1866.
' Loddington hamlet, lying detached about 5 miles to
the S, is the part of the parish not included in the m.
borough ; and it comprises 690 acres. Tovil township
or hamlet, lying ou the Medway about 1 mile to the S,
Vi mainlv biit mjt wholly in the parish; and, in 1861, it
had a pop. of S97, of whom 660 were in the parish. The
Mote, the seat of the Eari of Romney, about 1 mile to
t!ic E, was rebuilt by the third Lord Itomney about 1795;
took its name, not from any ancient moat around the pre-
vious edifice, but from the Anglo-Saxon \ionl mot, sig-
nifying " a gathering-place;" and stands in a fine park,
couniniuf; some grand old oaks and beeches, and com-
prising about 600 acres. The river Len, crossed by a
bridge, runs in front of the mansion; and a pavilion, noii.r
the site of the previous house, marks a spot on which the
third Lor<l Komnoy, in the presence of George HI., gave
a dinner to upwards of 3,000 of the Kentish yoomuuiy.
Pcnenden Heath, about 1^ mile NNE of tlie town, is a
large open space where county meetings have been held for
centuries. The parish is ecclesiasticalij- cut into the
sections of AU Saints, around All Saints church; Trinity
and St. Peter, constituted in 1840; St. John, St. Paul,
and St. Philip, constituted in 1861; and part of St. Ste-
phen or Tovil, constituted iu 1842. Pop. of AU Saints,
3 739- of Trinity, 8,729; of St. Peter, 3,610; of St.
John, 320; of St. Paul, 4,000; of St. Philip, 2,000; of
the M. part of St. Stephen, 660; of the whole of St. Ste-
phen, the rest of which is in Loose and East Farleig'i,
897. ' The head-living, or AU Saints, is a vicarage, and
the other liviuM also are vicarages, in the diocese ol
Canterbury. \a.\vLe of aU Saints, £650;* of Trinity,
£435;* of St. P.^ter, X200;* of St. Joim, £107; of St.
Paul, £180 ;* of St. Philip and St. Stephen, each £100.*
Patron, of All Saints, Trinity, and St. Paul, the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury; of St. Peter, the Kev. W. A. Hill;
of St. John, the Eari of Roraney; of St. Philip, the Vi-
car of Maidstone ; of St. Stephen, alternately the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury and ilrs. Charlton.
1 The two sub-districts are East Jl. and West ]M. ; and
they are jointly conterminate with the m. borough.
! Acres of East M., 1,986. Pop. in 1851, 10,364; in
1 1861, 12,109. Houses, 2,257. Acres of W. M., 2,056.
Pop. in 1851, 10,376; in 1801, 10,907. Houses, 1,854.
1 The district comprehends also the sub-district of Yald-
! ing, containing the parishes of Yalding, Nettlcstead,
Teuton, "West Farleigh, and Hunton ; the sub-district of
ilarden, containing the jiarishes of Marden, Staplehurst,
and Linton, and the hamlet of Loddington ; and the
sub-district of Loose, containing the parishes of Loose,
East Farleigh, Bamiing, West Banning, Bearsteai!,
Otham, and Bough ton-JMonchelsea. Acres, 35,032. Poor-
rates in 1863, £26,863. Pop. iu 1851, 36,007, iw 1S»!1,
38,670. Houses, 7,152. Marriages in 1863, 375 ; birth.s,
1^289,— of which 108 were illegitimate; deaths, 1,040,—
of which 374 were at ages uuder 5 years, and 21 at ages
above 85. Marriages iu the ten years 1851-60, 3,293;
births, 11,753; deaths, 8,468. The places of worship, iu
1851, were 21 of the Church of England, with 10,845
sittings; 4 of Independents, with 1,700 s. ; 5 of Bap-
tists, with 1,827 s.; 1 of Quakers, with 250 s.; 1 of Uni-
tariaus, with 400 s. ; 2 of Wesleyan Methodists, with
1,373 s. ; 3 of Primitive Methodists, with 258 s. ; 1 of
Lady Huntingdon's Conne.xion, with 600 s. ; 1 of Bre-
thren, with 25 s. ; and 3 undefined, with 210 s. The
schools were 30 public day schools, with 3,603 scholars;
80 private day schools, with 1,764 s. ; 24 Sunday schools,
with 2,890 s. ; and 5 evening schools for adults, with 41
s. The workhouse is at Coxheath, in Linton parish;
and, at the census of 1861, had 260 inmates. — The hun-
dred is iu the lathe of Ajdesford, excludes >Iaidstone
borough, and contains six parishes. Acres, 13,357. Pop.
in 1S51, 6,562. Houses, 1,211.
MAIDWELL, a vOlage, and a j'arish in Brixworth
district, Northampton. The village stands near the
Northampton and Leicester raUway, li mUe NNW of
Lamport r. station, and 7 S of Market-Harborough; aud
has a post-oUice under Northampton. The parish com-
prises 1,650 acres. Real property, .£2,773. Pop., 290.
ilouses, 56. The property belongs chieJly to H. H. H.
Hungerford, Esq. The Ha"U is occupied by W. Belgrave,
Esq.° Limestone abounds, and there are mineral springs.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Peterborough.
Value, £218.* Patron, H. H. H. lIung(.-rford, Esq.
The church is good, and has a tower. There is a free
school.
MAILSCOT. See Bickxoe (Exglish).
MAIN, a township in Meifod parish, Montgomery;
3\ mUes SE of LlaufyUin. Real property, j;i,546.
Pop., 227.
MAIN-BENCn, the finest part of the Freshwater
oliffs in the Isle of "Wight; commencing immediiitoly
MAINDEE.
241
MALCOMli PLACE.
E of ScntclirlLs bay, and rising to a height of 600 feet.
MA1!»DEE, a chapelry in Chiistchurch parish, Mon-
niouth; sulLirVaa to Newjiort. It was constitutod in
1 ^6^; JiuJ h h IS ;\ Tiost-ofiioe under Newport, Monmouth.
Poo, 2,Z>iO Tr.elivia^ i^ a p. curacy iu the diocese of
Lliu li5. V.ilae, not re} orted. Patron, Eton College.
The chur;a wi-; built ia 1-561, at a cost of £3,930. A
Y'cjilcTin ch3>--I was built in 1S63.
MaIN DCmVX, a lofty heiglit to the W of Wivelis-
C'j'at.e, LI So.-ueriet.
MAiy^COKOUGH, a hundred in 'Winchester divi-
fioa. Hirsts; containing the j)ari3lies of Brown-Cando-
vcr and CLLI:o;.-Caado7er. Acres, 3,560. Pop., 464.
H>asc.s :?.
iLAlXSBRIDOE, a hundred in Southampton divi-
sioa, Hana; r.it iiito tw-j sections, Lower and Upper.
The Lower s. ccatiins Cailworth parish, two other par-
isLf-S and i-rt of ano.aer. Acres, 18,933. Pop. in
l:ol, 10,7-54. Houses, 2,126. The Upper s. contains
E.;-!ey parli'c, and. four other parishes. Acres, 11,782.
Yor>. in 1;5I. 4,013. Houses, 811.
ilAIirsrORTH, a township in Bisliop-JIiddleham
T'irish, Darlaji, on the river Little Skerne ; near the
l)arli!,;j:/>a railTray, 7i mile.s E of Bishop -Auckland.
Acres, 627. E^eil 'properri.-. £086. Pop., 58. Houses,
10. MaLisforth Hall belonged to the Huttons; pass'id
to the .S:Lr:ee>cS ; and is notable for the residence in it of
the i.ite Lo'cirt Surttes, the county historian and anti-
qiiary. .Sir 'iValter Scott often \-i5ited it; and he planted
an cik tree, •wliich flourishes at the end of the house-
t'TTioe. An ^.isociation, called the Surtees society, in
UiiJT.jTy of 3Ir. Eofcert Siinees, was formed immediately
after his levea^, for publishing unedited manu.scripts re-
lating to the y-.'rji of Engliuo. An antler of a moose
Jeer ^is 10 Tied in the township; and an ancient camp is
hart, o-:cup,.ini: 15 acres.
iLAlN5T02\£, a tjthirg in Piomsey parish, Hants;
near Kor^^-ey. Krai property, £573. Pop., 144.
jLVIN.STOXE, a parish Ln Clun district, and mainly
in Salojv bat frartly iu Jlontgonieiy ; and a division in
Clu:: hundre»J, aid wholly in Salop. The jiarish lies on
Oiij 5 dy?=:e, 4 miles "\'>' by S of Bishops-Castle r. station,
atid 7i SS£ cf Mjutgomery; and comprises the town-
s;tip5 of Jlaijibt-iiic, EJenhope, Knuck, and Reilth in
f?ai ip, and the townsliip of Caitle-Wriglit in Montgomery.
Poit-towii, Bi^h'-'f-s-Caitle, Shropshire. Acres of the
Salop portion, i,:-Zl. Eeul jiroperty, £9,925. Pop.,
220." IJousrs, 41. Acres of the Montgomcrj' portion,
l,->32. Eeal property, with Aston, £2,223. Pop., 145.
Htti~c-3, 32. Til- property is divid.-d anrjng a few. The
liinti^ ia a iK-tory in the dicoese of Hereford. Value,
£293.' ParriyD, tie Lord Cliancellor. The church is a
good htiCdisg, with a bslfrj-. Charities, £5. — The divi-
sion contain.? the Salop portion of the parish, and all
cf i-j-ee other parishes. Aijjes, 21,315. Popj. in 1851,
l,1ii. Hc.t:-:^3, 233.
3LA!N\V00D, i himlet 6; ruUes XNE of Southwell,
in ."»/::3.
3IA[SE?J0?.E, 2 village and a pi;rish in the district
and ccmty cf Glouwstcr. The village stands near the
river S-;ver::, 2 loiics NN'Wof Glouce.ster r. station; and
}ii.~ a j^ist -of! ••.•>; un J:r GIoucot.-T. The parish compri.ses
7,r-C0 acre.*. Peal prjperr.-, £.7,033. Pep., 516. Houses,
107- Maiseuicte Loige is t;;e scat of .J. F. Sevier, Esq.,
p.nl .ita:.ds oa hi_-h ground, commau'ling a fii.e view over
t.;e S<srfcm. .Sprir._-i.ill ii the residence of the Misses
<7raw!cy. A ' ri'igr ..rcsses art f.ifluent of the Severn; and
was leb'illt .-.ft-.r the siege cf Gloucester. A Pomau
s<?ttlsci-ect was at l)T-;rton. The living is a vicarage in
the diocese of G!-:.u;cster aa.l Briscol. Value, £1:;0. *
Patron, the EL^hvp uf Gloucester. The church has Nor-
ma:; fiitares; and la chanc-l was rebuilt iu 1S14, and
the rtit Te.rtoretl and enlarged in 1S69.
>r.Al.SEY, 2 tj-:h:!jg ill U,.;v^iime-St. Amlrcw parish,
V.'ilts; 1 mile N of M.^rlborongh.
^IAISEV-KAMI-T-jN. See H.\MPTox-MAisr;y.
MAKEXEY-.MiLt'jliD. S*e Milkop-d, Derby.
21A.-LER, a CeCiiV-.'u ancient viil.-ige and a jmri.sh in St.
C ni!a.-:s district, CcrEv.all. The village stands on the
W jidc of Plymouth sound, near Cremil! ferry, at the
NE e.xtremity of Cornwall. 2.J miles S by W of De.ouport
town and i. station; took it.s name, by corruption, from
St. Jlacra; niid was once a borough ctiid a niaikct-town.
The parish ton tains also the villages cf Inceworth, ilil-
brook, and Cav.sind, each of the two latti-r of whidi Ii.ls
apost-office under I^evoiiport ; and it includes the tything
of Vaullersholine, which, prior to Oct. 1S44, was in
Devon. Acres, 3,204; of which 740 are water. ]!eol
property. £6,266. Pop. in 1851, 2,822; in 1361, 2,9S6.
Houses, 576. The property is divided among a few.
There are two manors; and the one belongs to Lord
Clinton, the other to Earl Mount Edgc^unibe. Tiie land
is peuin.suhited between Plymouth sound and Whitesand
bay, and also projects a minor peninsula between Ply-
mouth sound and the Hamoaze; and it has u hilly con-
tour, and is bounded along the E by pii;turc3que cliffs.
The chief hUls bear the name of Maker Heights., and rise
to an altitude of 402 feet above .sealeveL A headland at
the N extremity is crowned with the ruin of an ancient
chapel, and commands a view of the Cornish coast all the
way to the Lizard. Mount Edgecumbe House, the seat
of the Earl of !Mouut Edgecumbe, stands in the peninsula
between Plymouth sound and the Hamoaze ; occupies a
strikingly piictaresque site; commands a fine sea-view,
through a vista of trees; is a castellated edifice, of the
time of Queen Mary; contains some fine family and his-
torical portraits; and has remarkably beautiful and
romantic pleasure-giounAj, with English, French, and
Italian gardens, a Doric conservatory, and numerous
features of interest, both natural and artificial. The
Blockhouse, a fort of the time of lilizabeth, is in the
neighbourhood of the gardens, and adjoinj the point of
ferry communication with Cremill. Eope- making is
carried on at AVoodpark ; and boat-building, at ^Middle
Anderton. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
E.veter. Value, £223.* Patron, the Crown. The church
is ancient and good ; has a tower and spire, which serve
as a land-mark to mariners; contains several tine monu-
ments to the Edgecumbes and others; and was used,
during the French war, as a signal-station communicat-
ing with Mount Wise at Devonport. The p. curacy of
J'iibrook is a separate benefice. There are ch-.ipels for
Baptists and Wesleyaus, a national school, and charities
£54.
JfALBOEOUGH, a village and a pari.sh in King.s-
bridge district, Devon. The village stands near tho
coast, 2 miles W by N of Salcombe, and 4 SW by S of
Kingsbridge r. station; and is partly iu West Alviugton
parish. M. parish extends along the coast, between
Bolt Head and Bolt Tail; and contains the cliapeliy of
Salcombe, which h;\s a post-office under Kingslnidge, and
the hamlets of Coombe, CoUaton, Eew, Boltbuiy, Hope,
Batsou, and Shadycombe. Acres, 5,310; of which 420 are
water. Keal propertv, with SouLh Huish, £10,705. Bated
property of M. alone, £6,433. Pop. in 1851, 2,3.54; in
1361, 2,388. Houses, 497. The iuoreaso of pop. aro,e
fr'-m the extension of ship-building. The properly is
divided among a few. The manors belong to the Earl of
Dc\un. Ilton Castle was built in 1335, by Sir ,Toha
Chiverstuue; and is now reduced to some fragmentary
remains. A submerged forest, yielding hazel nuts and
leaves in good preservation, was discovered within a few
feet of the surl'aoe of the sands, at two coves, lietwetn
Bolt Head and Salcombe. The catching of fish, and
of lobsters and crabs, is largely carried on. The living
is a p. curacy, annexed to the ^icarage of West .Alviug-
ton, in the diiicese of E.xeter. The cliuicli is lati-r Eng-
lisli, and large; has a loity tower and sidre, vi.^iMe at si
great distance; and contains an elegant moiuuiie.'it to
Lord Kinsale. The p. curacy of Salcombe is a S'.'[iarate
benclico. There are ch.ipcls for Baptists au<l \\'e.-!eyaiis,
national schools, an indu.'trial school, and palish lands
yielding £2!.' a-vear.
MA1:I!I:AY-"HAV1;I0G and OLD JLALIiUAY, two
hamlets in the NW of Cumberland; on the coast, 31-
miles N of Allonby.
iMALCO.AIB BLACK, a Immlet 1 mile fnmi i^^itling-
botir.i", in Kent; with a p'ljt-oflice under Sittiugbuuruo,
C u
MALDEN.
MALDOy.
MALDEN, avillage and aparish in Kingston district,
Sfrrrey. The villatje stands on Hogs-JIil! river, near the
Leatherheiid branch of the Southwestern railwar, 3 miles
SE of Kingston-on-Thames ; and lias a post-oHice under
Kiiifjston, and a station, called Worcester Park Station,
jointly with Coombe, on the railway. The parish com-
prises 1,272 acres. Real property, £1,9S0. Pop., 320.
Hotiscs, 59. The property is divided among a few. A
college, afterwards removed to Oxford as Merton college,
was fonndod here in 126i, by Walter de llerton, Bishop
of Rochester The living is a vicarage, united vrith. the
chapelry of Chessington, in the diocese of Winchester.
Value, £417.* Patron, Merton CoUege, Oxford. The
chnrch was partly rebuilt in 1610; retains portions of
earliitr dates; comprises nare and chancel, with W tower;
and a N aisle, added in 1866.
iH.\LDEN (New). See Coombe.
WALDON, a town, three parishes, two snb-districts,
and a district in Essex. The town stands at the influx
of the river Chelmcr to the Blackwater estuary, and at
the terminus of a branch of the Great Eastern railway, 10
n>iles E by S of Chelmsford. It was anciently called
Idumania; and it was thought by Camden and Horslej-,
but on very insufficient evidence, to have been the
Camalodunum of the Piomans. Two Roman coins, the
one of Vespasian, the other of Nero and Agrippina, were
found at it; but no other Roman relics of any consequence
have been discovered. An ancient oblong entrenchment,
enclosing about 24 acres, and still partly traceable, was
on its W side; and is alleged to have been occupied by
successively the Romans, the Saxons, and the Danes; but
cannot be fairly regarded as of earlier date than the early
part of the 10th century. Ed«-ard the EHer took post
Lore in 913, to impede the progress of the Danes, while
a fortification was in course of ccmstnietion at Witham;
and he, most probably, was the oiiginatorof the ancient
entrenchment. He again took post here in 920; he is
s.iid bj- Marianus, to have then fortified the to\vn; and
ho sustained and resiste<l a siege here, in the following
year by the Danes. The Danes, under Unlafl, again
attacked the town in 993, and captured it. A small
Carmelite priory was founded here about 1291 by Richard
de Gravesande, bishop of London; and continued till the
dissolution. A lepei-s' hospital was foinided, at some
unrecorded period, by one of the kings of England ; and
^•ns annexed in 1410, to Beeleigh abbey, 1 mile to the W,
noticed in our article Beeleigu. Archdeacon Plume,
the founder of the Plumean professorship of astronomy at
Cambridge, was a native. A man ealled Bright, notable
for great weight and rotundity, weighing 44 stones, and
measuring nearly 9 feet round the stomach, died here at
29 years of age. The Earl of Esse.x; takes from 5Ialdon
the title of Viscount.
The town is charmingly situated on a bill, rising
abruptly from the river; commands an extcusive prospect
over the marehy grounds towards the sea; comprises
several good streets, with excellent shops and dwellings;
and includes portions called the Hythe, Fullbridge, and
the Wants. The to\\^l-hall is a lofty brick structnrc, of
the time of Henry VI.; and is sometimes called Darcj-
tower, from Robert Darcy, Henrv V.'s escheator for
Essex, who married a rich widow o^ Maldon. The pub-
lic hall, in High-street, near the towTi-hall, was bnilt in
ISOO; is in the Italian style, of yellow brick, with stone
dressings; contains an apartment used as a corn-exchange,
and let for concerts, lectures, and public meetings; and
cimta'.ns also a literary and mechanics' institute, with
public library. The county court, in the London-road,
IS a recent and handsome edifice. The rnihvay station is
a stnicturo of stone and of red and white brick, in the
Tudor style; and presents a ])icturesque appearance, as
Fion from the higher parts of the tovra. The borough
jail has capacity for 6 male and 4 ffjmale prisoners. The
workhouse, in Fullbridge, within St. Peter's parish, is a
large substantial i-f.iicture of brick and cement; and, at
live census of 1S61, had 22,S inmates. There are assem-
bly and billiard rooms, a museum, and salt, fresh, warm,
dud cold l>atlis. All Saints church U mainly eaily Eng-
lUli. partly decorated English; comprises nave, aisles,
and chancel; has a W triangular tower, with hexagona
spire, of singulfirappearance; was partly restored in 1800,
and repaired in 1866; and contains sedilia, a double-
piscina, a fine old Purbeck marble font, monuments of
the Darcys, and several incised stones which formerly had
brasses._ St. Peter's church, excepting the tower, fell
into ruin about 1665; and is now represented bv the
massive embattled tower, with XW octagonal turret, and
}>y a brick building of 1 704, containing a library of about
6,000 volumes. St. Mary's church was originally builr,
about 1056, by Ingclric, a Saxon nobleman ;°i\-a3 restored
in 1628; and contains a font of the 12th century. Tho
Independent, Quaker, and Wesleyan chapels are orna-
nioiitah The grammar school was founded in 160S, bv
Ralph Breeder; clothes and educates ten boys gratis; and
has an endowed income of £60. There aie a national
school and a British school. Ths endowed charities
amount to £384 a-year.
The town has a head post-ofSce,? a railway station with
telegraph, tvvo banking oSices, and three chief inns; and
is a seat of petty sessions and county courts, and a poll-
ing-place. A weekly rairket is held on Tuesday; fairs
are held on the first Tliui-sday of May, and 13 Sept. ; and
industrj' is carried on in flour mills, malting establi-h-
inents, rope-walks, boat-building yaids, steam saw-mills,
timber yards, a cooperage, an agricultural implement and
machine manufactory, aa iron foundry, soap-works, sait
lofts, a silk mill, a brewery, salt-works, a brick and tile
j-ard, lime-kilns, a new nirt-making factory, and an ex-
tensive fisher^-. The nut-making factoiyis at Hpybridi;v;
^vas erected in 1865; and ha.s a chiran'ey 116 feet high,
visible for miles all round. Jluch commerce is carried
on in com, hay, straw, coals, lime, chalk, oilcake,
manures, and timber. Small vessels come up to thir
bridge; and larger ones ascend by a canal, 2.1; miles long,
past Heybridge, to Colliers' Reach qnay. The town is a
head-port; and has Rumham, r.radwoll, Leigh, and
Rochford, for sub-ports. The vessels bolouging'to it, at
the commencement of 1S6 4, were 99 small sadin^g-vesscK
of aggregately 3,225 tons, and 55 large sailingVMsels, of
aggregately 6,135 tons. The vessels which entered in
ls63 were 1 British sailing-vessel, of 35 tons, from British
colonies; 41 British sailing-vessels, of aggi-egately 1,563
tons, from foreign countries; 9 foreign sailing-vessels, of
aggi-egately 1,237 tons, from foreign countries: and 1,099
sailing-vessels, of aggi-egately 70,272 tons, coastwise. The
vessels which cleared in 1863 were 35 British sailing-
vessels, of nggi-egately 1,095 tons, to foreign countries; 5-
foreign saUing-vessels, of aggregately 813 tons, to forcig!i
countries; and 950 sailing-vessel::, of aggregately 41, 410-
tons, coastwise. The amount of customs "in 1S67 was
-i.'6S0. The town sent two members to parliamect from
the tin;c of Edward III. till 1367, but now sends only one;
and, under the new act, is governed by a mayor, 4 ahler-
men, and 12 councillors. Coi-poration income in 1S55,
£1,094. Amount of property and income tax charged
in 1863, £1,281. Electors in 1833, 716; in 1353, 904.
The municipal boroutjh consists of the throe SlalJon
parishes, and the parliamentarj- borough iticlndes also-
lleybridge parish. Pop. of the m. borough in 1851,
4,553; in 1S61, 4,785. Houses, 1,014. Pop. of the p.
borough in 1S51, 5,885; in 1S6], 6,261. Houses, 1,329,
The three parishes are All Saints, St. Peter, anrl St.
ilary. Acres of All Sai';ts, 55. Real property, £4,239.
Pop., 957. Houses, 212. A.tps of St. Peter, 1,626.
Rer.l propcrtj-, £10,345; of which £16 are in gas-works.
Fop., 2,550. Houses, 501. Acres of St. Jlary, 1,827;
of which 480 are water. Real property, .£4,560; of which
£200 are in gas-works. Pop., 1,27S. "Houses, 301. Tho
livings of All Saints and bt. Pctfr are vicarages, and that
of St. Jlary is a rectorj-, in the diocese of Rochester;
and those of All Saints a:id St. Peter are united. Value.
of A. S. and St. P., £Zli':* of St. .M., £165. P.itron of
the former, the Rev. E. R. Horwood; rf the latttr, tli^;
Dean and Chapter of Wt-stminster. The two sub-ilis-
tricts are All Saints and St. Piter. The sub-.l. of AP.
Saints contains the jiarishes of .\U Saints, Woodham-
Walter, Woodham-Mortimer, Ilazeleigh, Purleigh, Stow-
M.iries, CoLl Norton, North Fambridge, Lat'.ldngduu,
MALDOy-ASlIES.
2(3
^LVLLI^■G (SoLTii).
S'jcrtLam, ar;l ilinjd;>n. Acres, 24,773. Pop., 4,7U.
UnusBS, 1,001. The siih-J. of St. l\tnT coutaiius tin-
fjrLshcs oi St. Peter, St. ifarj-, Heylridge, J.aiigford,
Greit Toraaiii, rjui l.itileTotham. Acres, 13,311. Pop.,
6,7tl. Iloiisti, 1,425. — The distrkt comprehends al.so
tae sub-diitrK-r of ToUesburv, coutainiiig tlie ]iarishos of
Tor.esl)ur.r, ToUe.s'.;uiit-Darcy, ToUeohuut-Kiiiglit<,Tolles-
ha^'.-Mircr, and Gol Jhanger; the sub-district of L'>' 'dwell,
ccniiiniac tlie jari^lies of Bradwell, St. La^\Teu . -isew-
laoiL, Tiil-sghain, Dengie, and Asheldliam; am', .he sub-
dlitrjctof iouthmiiister, contiining the parishes u: Soutli-
tninstar, Stee-^le, ilaybnd, Crneksea, and Curnliaiii.
.\:.-e?, 107.0j6. Poor'-rates in 1S03, £13,631. Pop. ia
1?51, -22,137; ia ISol, i2,ii3-j. Houries, 4,771. ilar-
rLicres in I3d3, lol; births, 759, — of which 50 veie
illi^zitimale ; death.s, 431, — of which 139 were at a^-es
u.i.:'er 5 Teats, a:i I li) at ages above 65. Marriaces in the
t'n years 135 1-eO, 1,613; b-'rths, 6,720; dii-alhs, 4,723.
Til? places cf worship, in 1S51, were 32 of the Church of
Kncimd, wich 7,S42 sinings; 8 ot Independents, with
2.6c-) s. ; 4 of BaptLsts, with 713 ».; 1 of Quakers, with
4':'0 s.; 4 cf Wesleyan ilethodists, ^nth 751 s.; 1 of Pri-
niiriTB iIe:iodiji3, with 50 s. ; 1 ciideftued, with 144 s. ;
r.ad 1 of the Catholic and Apostolic church, with 3S s.
The ich.<yj]3 were 22 public day schools, with 1,686
sch-iiars; 3'J prirate day-schools, with S96 s. ; 23 Sunday
sehoo'ji, wiili 2^216 s ; and 2 evening schools for adults,
vriti 4-3 s.
It.VLDON-ASHES, a hxnlet ia the "\V of 'Essex; 5\
lal'es K of Kpping.
JIALEW. "S^e RiEK-M\LEw.
MALFOi:D-CfIRISUAN'. SeeCHinsTi.vx-llAWOED.
ZiAUlAJiL, a Tillage ani a township iu Kirkby-iu-
iLiIbun parish, W. IL Yorksliire. The village stands
02 tie river Aire, 5i niUs^ E of Settle; is a picturesque
i.lace; acd iias a j-ost-oSce nuder I.,€eds, two inns, a
\Ve?leran ca2r>el, a free school, and fairs on .30 June and
15 Oct. Ta**lowni:hip comprl.ies 3,S70acres. Hp;d pn>
jertT, £2,S10. Pop., 1S4. Honses, 36. The m;mov
[•ebiigs to Lord Pibblesdale. Jeaniiot's Cave, a short
■ distatiee from the vUhige, is an interfsting- cavern; and a
liEiia:J'ul iittie cascade is near it. Goredale Scar, in the
Eima direcrioi!, rjid abont a. mile from the village, is a
g"rzi through c'i:fs .about 300 feet high; and has been
rrgir>ied, by man}- visitors, a.s a pre-eminently grand
r<v.-4 of ro<.k scenery, ilaliiam Cove, a little further on,
u a moantiln auiphitheatre, with liniestL-nc cliffs rising
ruEist vertically to a height of 2S5 feet; and conunjiid.s
friLi the stinunit of the cliifs, a very gorgeous vieiv.
Limestone al>.in:iJs, liid ore has been worked, and
oalaniine is f.>Tnd.
3LA.LHA3i-MOOR, a to~asLip in Kirkby-in-Malham
parish, W. R. Yorkshire; at t!ie licail of the river Aire, 5
miles 2sK of Srtrle. A.cres, S,83i'>. Real propcrt}-,
£3,5')3. PoT>., 115. nouses, IS. Tlie manor belonged
ffrmerfr to Ponntains abbey. The surface is mouutiin-
ccs, and includes some grand scenery. Jl.iliiain tarn,
situn'ed on high ground, is a lonely but beautiful lake,
about a mile ia diameter, well stDcked with trout and
pr-rch; and "as long, but erroaeou-sly, regarded as the
scrarc'i of tL-? river .Vire.
MAI-lN-LiiaiKIE, a hamlet iu Xeiher Hallam town-
ship, ShelleM parish, \V. II. Yorkshire; I4 mile \V of
She:5-Id.
iIALIX.?f.^lE, a chapelry in D.lv.■ley-^^agna pari=;h,
Sa:'?r>; en the 'Jmlyiy'Tt Firancli of the iNortlr.vestern rail-
way, 41 inil-rs N of Coalp')it. It has a station on the rail-
way; and its p>tt-town is Duwley, u.uler Wellington,
Saivp. It w.-vs con-ititutel in 1843. Patcd pro{>erty,
i;4,'>,>2. Pop., 4,51-.i. Houses, 86!. The property is
div:-l>] .iTTJiii^ a few. M>3t of the iiiliabitants arc em-
pi' y^l in C'-r.ieries. The li\"ing is a vicarage in the dio-
i-^t' of I.i' i;!!.-! 1. Valne, £3'").* Patron, the Vicar of
l)i-ir!.-V-M.<;j- li. Tile church is iniile'.n.
MAi.L.\..l.>. a :.,.niKt iu Poithmd p.uish, Dorset; 4\
Ejiiv.; S oi 'AVvnriutli.
.Nf ALi-D!:.=."ET;-l. See :ir.vi,rTi:.\r.T:i.
MALLEilSTANC, ;» t..u:ishii.-e!i.i;., ':y in Kirkby-
PU'ph'jU jarLjli, V.'c.-,t:;i'--ivl;aid; »n rli.- ::', ei IM. -i, nri.ler
Wild Pioarfell, 3 miles SSE of Kiikliy-Stephenr. stiition.
^o^t-towu, Kivkby- Stephen, uuiler Penrith. Acre>,
4,944. Real projierty, jE1,899; of wliieh i'15 are in
mines. Pop., 232. Houses, 43. JMuch of the surface
is upland. Wild Eoar fell rises on the sonthern-cxtren--
ity, and commands a very fine view. A bridge, built in
1061 by the Countess of Perabr ike, crosses the Edex
Pcndi-agon Ca.?tle, situated on the Eden, sprang f:om a
foit.ilice of UterPendragon iji the time of Voi-tigeru; wa^
burnt by the Scots iu 1541: underwent complete repiir
in 1661 ; was taken and dismantled by tlie Earl of TuaLet
ia 1631; and is now represented by a rained squarj
tower, with walls 12 feet thick. Castleth\raite, opp.'site
Pe)ulragnn Castle, has a small ancierit entreuchment,
with ditch and vallum. TixQ living is a p. curacy in thj
diocese of Carlisle. Vidua, not reported. Patron, Sir K.
Tufton, Bait. The cLuich was lebuilt in 1663, by the
Countess of Pemlrroke.
MALLING, a distiict in Kent; taking mime from t';c
pari.shes of East JIalling and West ilalluig. It cunipre-
hends the sub-dLitriet of Aylesfonl, containing tho
parishes of Aylesford, Burham, Wouldliani, Allington,
Ditton, East Mailing, Snodland-with-Paddlesworth, Bir-
ling, Ryarsh, and I.<eyboum ; the sub-tlistrict of Es.->t
I'eckham, containing the pai'ishes of East Pe.;kbam, We<t
Peckham, Mereworth, Shipbome, West JIalling, and
Wateringbury ; and the suo-district of Wrothaui, con-
taining the pai-ishcs of WrothaTii, Ighthani, Staustead,
Trottersclitfe, Adilington, and Olfliam. Acres, 47,3i*5.
Poor-rates iu 136:3, £11,801. Pop. in 1851, 19,579; iu
1861, 21,447. Honses, 4,018. Marriages in 1S63, 123;
births, 834, — of which 66 were illegitimate; deaths, 4S6,
—of which 197 were at ages under 5 years, and 16 at
ages above 85. ^Marriages in the ten years 1851-60,
1,129; births, 6,939; deaths, 3,949. The places of wor-
ship, in 1851, were 26 of the Church of England, wirh
6,432 sittings; 1 of Independents, with 150 s. ; 3 of B;ip-
tists, wth 795 s. ; 5 of Wesleyan Methodists, with 7S5 s. ;
and 2 of Primitive Methodists, witJi 105 s. 'ilie schools
were 19 public day-.sehools, with 1,947 .scJiolare; 41 pri-
vate day-schotls, with S89 s. ; 26 Sunday schools, ■pith
2,137 s.; and 1 evening school fur adnlt.s, with 13 s. Tl'. ■
workhouse is in West JIalling; and, at the census of
186], had 267 inttates.
ilALLlNG ABBEY. See Mai.t,es-c (West^
MALLIIn'G (E.iST), a village aud a parish in Mailing
district, Kent. The village stands adjuceut to the 0;-
fonl and Maidstone 'branc'i of the Sontheastern rail-
way, 4 miles W>i"W of Maidst.ine; and has a p.3-t-oii;f8
nniler Miii^lstone, and a fair ou 15th July. The parish
contains also the harulets of Laiktield and New Hythe.
Acre.% 1,765. lUal property, £10,135; of which £40
are in quarries, and £159 in railways. Pop. in 1851,
1,741; in 1861, 1,974. Uou.se.s, 374. The increase of
pop. arose froiu the establishment of brick-fields and
cement-works, and from the erection of cottages for the
occupancy of labourers in Aylesford and Burham par-
ishes. Tho projierty is much subdivided. Clare Houso
is the scat of J. A. Wigan, Esq. ; and Bradboume Hou.se
is the seat of the Misses T\vls<len. x\bout 300 acres are
under hops ; aud there arc two paper-mills. The living
is a vicarage, unitevl with the chai>elry of Kew H\-the,
in the diocese of Canterbmy. A'^aluc, £757.* Patron,
J. A. Wigan, Esq. The church has portions from eaily
English to late perpendicular; comprises nave, aisles,
and chancel, with a tower; includes a decorated English
chapel at the E end of the N aisle ; contains bra=>r3
of 1479 and 1522; and was given by Archbishoj* Anseim
to the nunnery of West ilalling. The cha,)ei of Ne.v
Hythe stands between New Hythe and Larkfield; and
is a small building, with attached .schoolhouje. There
are two national schools, built at a cost of £2,200; a freo
school, with £103 a-year fioni endowment; alms hoi'<'S,
with £73; aud other charities £10.
il.VLLING (South), a parish in Lewes J;.-tr;,.-t, Sus-
sex; on the river Ouse and on the F-cwes bmuch of the
l^jTiilua aud P>rig!iton i-aihvay, partly within Leaves b?r-
()U'.:h, on the N side of Eewes. Pi'st-touii, Lew-s.
Avres 2,63i». Ra'.ed j'loporty, £1,370. Pop., 716.
MALLING (West).
244
MALMSBURY,
Houses, 1 25. Pop. of the part within L. borou;:,'h, 499.
Houses, 92. A collegiate estalilishuieut, for a dean, a
chancellor, a precentor, a penitentiary, a sacristan, and a
clerk, all prebendaries, anciently stood here; was given,
at the dissolution, to Sir Thonius Palmer; and came to
be represented by a mansion called the Deanery. The
living is a vicaraj,'e in the dii^cese of Cliiobester. Va-
lue, £150. Patron, G. C. Courthope, Esq. The church
was rebuilt in 1623; succeeded one of the 7th century,
founded by Ceadwalla, king of the West Sasons; was re-
paired in 1837; and contains an altar-tomb to Sir W.
Kemp. Eight persons were killed by a snow avalanche,
from a hOl within the parish, in Dec. 1836.
MALLING (West), a village and a parish in Mailing
district, Kent. The village stands adjacent to the Ot-
ford and Slaidstone branch of the Southeastern railway,
2i miles W by S of Aylesford r. station, and 54 ^W by
^\' of Maidstone; occupies the site of the Saxon mark of
the Mallingas; was itself anciently called Mealtnges; is
now sometimes called Town-Mailing; is a seat of petty
sessions ; and has a post-office:^ under Jfaidstone, a po-
lice station, three inns, a weekly corn-market on ilonday,
and fairs on 12 Aug., 2 Oct., and 17 Nov. The parish
comprises 1,366 acres. Keal property, £3,599; of which
£152 are in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 2,021; in 1861,
2,036. Houses, 357. The property is subdivided. The
manor was given by Edward the Confessor to the bishops
of Rochester; and, by Bishop Gundulph, to Mailing
abbey. Mailing House is the residence of the Hon.
R. P. Nevill ; St. Leonard's House, of John Savage,
Esq. Broughton House and Brook House likewise
ore chief residences. A Benedictine nunnerj-, known
as Mailing abbey, was founded here in 1090 by Bishop
Gundulph ; went, at the dissolution, to Archbishop
<"!ranmer ; passed to the Honej'woods and the Akerses ;
and is now represented by interesting remains, of dates
from Norman to late perpendicular. The great gateway
has a facing of later English, evidently over older work;
a chapel, attached to the gateway, has decorated English
windows and later English S door, and was recently re-
stored; the W front of the church is Norman, with orna-
mented pilasters and slender turrets similar to those of
the W front of Rochester cathedral ; and the cloisters,
now included in a modern mansion, are late early English,
with very fine broad trefoUed arches. A cell of the ab-
bey, with a chapel, stood at St. Leonard's, but has dis-
ajipeared. A large, square, ancient tower also stood
^tliere ; and has left some remains, which have been doubt-
fully pronounced to be Norman. A belt of woods and
heaths, called Mailing woods, conjoined with others called
Mereworth and Great Comp woods, lies along the S of
hAh West Mailing and East Mailing parishes. The liv-
ing is a vicarage in the diocese of Canterbury. Value,
£y20.* Patrun, W. Lawson, Esq. The church has a
modem nave, an early English chancel, and a Norman
tower; was extensively restored in 1366; and contains
brasses of 1497 and 1532. There are a national school,
;i private lunatic a.sylum, the Mailing district work-
house, and charities £63.
.MALLOWDALE PIKE, an eminence in the N of
Luucashire; 8 miles E of Lancaster.
MALLOWS GREEN, a hamlet in the NW of Essex ;
4] miles N of Bishop-Stortford.
MALLSGATE, a hamlet in the NE of Cumberland;
8.', miles NE of Longtown.
"MALLTRAETII, a hundred in the middle of the S
ol' Anglesey; containing Aberfl'raw parish and seven
otlter parishes. Acres, 23,156. Pop. in 1351, 6,317;
in 1861, 4,711. Houses, 1,070. The river Cefui Hows
along the E boundary, and terminates in a wide and
l'i;ig expanse of m irsh and foreshore, called Malltraeth
squids. The marsh has a desolate appearance; but has,
t'l some extent, been drained and embanked; and is
crossed by a via'iuct of the Chester and Holyhead rail-
T.-ay.
MALLWYD, a village and a parish in the district of
Dolgelly ; the village and most of tlie pariih in Merio-
lietli, the re.st of the pari=h in Montgomery. The vil-
lu;:c stands on the river Dyli, and near the iIo\vddwy rail-
way which was in course of formation in 1867, amid highly
picturesque environs, 2 miles SSE of Dinas-Mowddwy;
has a good inn; is a favourite resort of anglers; and has
been termed the paradise of artists. Evans describes it aa
" placed between the salient angles of three abrupt moun-
tains, which form a grand natural amphitheatre, Camlan
rising with rude majesty immediately opposite, and the
conical Aran lifting up its head, with its different cwms,
and reflected with varving tint and shade in the waters of
the Dyfi." The Jlerioneth section of the parish contains
also the townships of Camlan, Cerist, Diuas, Dugoed,
Gartheiniog, andMaesyglasey; and the Montgomery sec-
tion consists of the township of Caereinion-fechan. Post-
town, Dtnas-^Iowddwy, nnder Cemmaes, Montgomery.
Acres of the Merioneth section, 14,556. Real property,
£3,699. Pop. inlSJl, l,0S5;inlS61, 938. Houses, 207.
Acres of the Montgomerv section, 1,894. Real property,
£707. Pop. in 1851,116"; in 1361, 111. Houses, 22. The
property is much subdivided. A remarkably picturesque
waterfall is on the D}-fi at Pont-YaUwyd, a short distance
from the village. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of Bangor. Value, £340.* Patron, the Bishop of Bangor.
The church is substantial ; and the church-yard contain,
some venerable yews, one of which has a girth of 23 feets
There are a Calvinistic Methodist chapel, and charities
£12. Dr. Davies, the author of a dictionary, was rector.
MALM^^CURY, a town, a parish, two sub-districts, a
district, and a hundred, in Wilts. The town stands on a
fine eminence, peninsulated by two headstreams of the
river Avon, 2J miles ESE of Akeman-street and of
the boumlary with Gloucestershire, 6 SW by W of
Minety r. station, and ION by E of Chippenham. It
was anciently called Jleadelmesbyrig or Maildulfsbury,
and it is supposed to have got that name from a Scottish
hermit, called ilaildulf, who had a cell on its site before
675. Roman coin.s and triangular bricks have been
found in its vicinity; and a road near it has been known,
from time immemorial, as King Athelstan's way. The
charters of Athelstan and Eadwid make mention of it;
and the Danes are recorded to have burnt it in 878.
A castle was built at it, in the time of Henry L, by
Bishop Roger ; walls were built around it about the
same period, or bter; and the town, in virtue of these
fortifications, of the steep descent from them to the
streams, and of the relative coui'se of the streams' chan-
nels, possessed great military strength, and seems to
have been regarded a.5 almost inaccessible. The forces of
King Stephen and those of the Empress Maud took post
in battle array against each other, on the opposite banks
of the united stream about a mUe S, to dispute posses-
sion of the town ; but those of Stephen eventually with-
drew, without striking a blow. Prince Henry, after-
wards Henry II., stoi-med the castle in 1152. Henry
VIII. was entertained by Stumpe, a rich clothier, in a
building which had been a hospice of St. John of Jeru-
salem, and which is now the corporation alms-house;
and Charles I. was feasted by the coqioration iu the same
buil'iing. The royalists held the town at the commence-
ment of the civil wars of Charles I. ; they were driven
from it iu ilarch 1643, by Sir W. Waller; they recovered
possession of it, and held it till 1645; and they were
finally expelled by Co'. Massie. An ancient abbey long
gave much more imj.ortance to the town than accrued
to it from the castle. The abbey was founded in 675, by
EIeutheriu=, bishop of Winchester; had, for its first abbot,
Aldhelm, the learned Saxon and Latin author, afterwards
bishop of Slierborne; was enlarged by King Athehitaii, and
made his burial-jilaje; was rebuilt in 974, by King Edgar;
had, at Domesday, the privilege of coining; was mainly
restored or rebuilt in 1107-42, by Roger, bijhop of Salis-
bury, who had a piilace in the town; was raided to the
status of a mitre 1 al'bey by Edward III. ; occupied a site
of 45 acres; had an income, at the dissolution, estirnated
at XS04; was given then to Stumpe, the rich clothier,
who erected his looms within its walls; and iias.^ed, with
the manor, to the Whartons and the Rusharts. The
White Lion inn, destroyed only a few years ago, was a
hospitiiim of the abbey; and retained to the end some
pieces of ancient stone and wood-work. Two uiuinery
ilALilSBUIiy.
245
MALPAS.
3r friar)' cliap/ii were at Buniivale and Burton; aud
the former still stands, aud is Noraian. Romains of
33:-:Lcr anoirnt ecclesiastical edifice, dedicated to St.
Hrl-^a, are at a houae in ilitk-street. Aldhelra, the
firs: abbot of Maliusbury; 'Williain of llalmsbury, the
hist.iriau: Oliver of Malmsbury, who made the lirst at-
te^srt to be an aeronaut; Thomas Hobbos, theYhiloso-
pi-rr; 3Lrs C};aadler, the poetess; and Sanmel Chandler,
I'zi theolorim, were natives. The family of Harris
takes fro:ii the W.yn the titles of Baron and Earl.
The tovm consists chiefly of three streets; two of them,
Hi-li-strect and Silver-street, running parallel to each
oiLcr from X to S; the third, Oxford-street, crossing
these at their northern extremities. Jfany of the houses
are old. Several bridges cross the streams. Considerable
nijiains of the ancient walls exist on the E; and the
lit-rtt standing one of the gates, that on the N, was
tas-?a dovm in 1773. The corporation alms-house, the
bal!iiag ir. which Henry VIII. and Charles I. were
entertained, stands in the SE, and includes a walled-up
■ooliited arch. A fine laarket-cross stands in the mar-
ket-place; was built iu the time of Henry Til.; under-
went repair in ISOO, at the expense of the Earl of Suf-
folk ; and is an c>rtagoual .structure, with central column
ar»i eight open arches, sumoanted by a pinnacle bear-
ins sculptures. The town-hall occupies the site of an
hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, originally a preccptoiy
of {ne Knights Templars; and retains some portions of
the ancient buildLug. The parish church is part of the
chiirch of th-e ancient abbey. The original edifice com-
prii-jd a nave 140 feet long, 68 wide, and P6 high; a
transept, 70 feet long; a choir, 87 feet lon^;; a Lady chapel,
60 f-*t Iocs, and 23 feet wide; a central tower and a "W
tiTVt-r; and a cloister 105 feet each way. The W tower
tT.i ths cl'jiiter were destroyed in the civil vrars; the
cex^rral tower \v-as shaken, and a lofty spire which .sur-
f.cuEted it feU down, at the close of the 15th century;
22 i other portions went into decay and ruin at other
|>eriids; but the great S porch, part of the nave and its
sii-Ies, a wall of ihe S transept, aud two arches of the
c^entral tower still stand; and they show characters of
traasition from Norman to early English. The N tower
troh is now excluded from the building, and has been in-
juriously altered to suit the adjacent masonrj- ; aud the
two arches of the central tower now stand detached. The
S p<>rch is vcr)' fine Noimaa work, of eight concentric
arches, with knots, foliage, and medallion bas-reliefs in
the moaliiings; the \i front also is very fine JTorinan
work, but mutilated; and the space to the S of the altar
c-0L:tain3 a tomb with crowned elllgics, said to be that of
Aielstan, but manifestly of much later date than his
c~e. The abbey was Benedictine, and the church was
dr-licated to St. ilary. St. Paul's church stands on the
S side, is dilapidated, and has a tower aud lofty spire.
A Tudor house stands on the XE, aud rests on a lofty
decorated cn,-pt. An Independent chapel, in modified
Lzmbardic style, was built in ISOS. There are chuj)el3
for Baptists, Moravians, Calviuistic Methodists, and ^Ves-
ler.ins; national schools; three endowed schools, with
£113 a-year; and alms-houses ?nd other charities, £96.
The to'T.-n h;is a h-'ad post-office,}; two banking-offices,
ar.d ivro chief inns; and ir, a seat of jietty sessions and a
p-D".ling-p!ace. A weekly market is held on Siiturday ; a
citile market is held on the last Tuesday of ever}- month,
eijcpt March, AprU, and May; and fairs for hoises, cat-
tlr:,_ ar:d sheep, arc held on 28 March, 28 April, 5 June,
s-ni 15 Dec. A clothing trade was formerly extensive,
bet has dwindled almost to e.vtinction. Aribbcn manu-
l^'tory w.^s recently established; pill. nv lace is made by
£o:;ie women and children; aud I.Tew::ig aud taiining aic
carried en. The town was ch.irt<-ied by Attielstan; sent
r?ro members to parliarii.-nt oi^^asionnliy from thi; time of
E-iwani I., arid always from that of Mary till the att of
iiyZ; sends cow only one lueinlfcr; is nut regulated by
the municijiai a;t; and, under a charter of Wdlia^ri 111.,
is nonunally givern^'d by an aM.Tman, a deputy alder-
man, and eleven cajntal burgesses. The old boroi'gli
comprised only 130 acres; but the iiov,- boro'igh, for pur-
li-LL.-,eptary represcutatioa under ttx act of IS32, com-
prises the entire parishes of Malnishury, We>tpon-St.
Mary, Lea, Little Somerford, Great Somerford, Carsdon,
Foxley, Charlton, Brokenborough, and Bremilhani, and
the extra-parochial place of JIalmsbuiy-Abbcy. Acres,
22,606. Amount of property and iucome tax cliari;e i in
1S63, £C94. Electors in 1833, 291; in 1S68, 370. ^ Pop.
in 1851, 6,99S; in ISCl, 6,881. Ifousps, 1,406.
The parish contains the tythings of Milbotnn, Burton-
Hill, Cole-Park, Corstoii, Eodbourn, and "West Park.
Acres, inclusive of ilalmsbury- Abbey extra-parochial
place, 5,332. Peal property, inc. of M.-Ab., £5,303; of
which £80 are in gas-works. Pop., exc, of ?•[ -Ab., in
1851, 2,443; in 1361, 2,400. Houses, 497. The lining
is a vicarage, united with the chapelries of Rodboum and
Corston, in the diocese of Gloucester aud BrisLol. Value,
£265. Patron, S. B. Brooke, Esq. Chapels of ease
are iu Rodbourn and Corston. — Tho sub-district of
M.almsbuiy-Eastern coulains the parjshes of Minety,
Ouksey, Garsd^n, Brinkworth, D.nuntsey, Great Somer-
ford, Little Somerford, and Lea, and piu^ts of the p.irishes
of Malmsbur}', Charlton, Hankerion, and Crud\.-ell.
Pop., 7,475. Houses, 1,590. — The sub-district of
Malmsbury-Westeru contains the parishes of Tv'e.^tport-
St. Mary, Brokenborough, Easton-Grey, Foxley, Bremil-
ham, Hullavington, Norton-Coleparle, Sherston-Parva,
Sherston-Magna, Sopworth, Luckington, and Alderton,
the extra-parochial place of !lIalmsbury-Abbey, and parts
of the parishes of ^lalmsbuiy, Charlton, HnnkevLoa,
and Crudwell. Pop., 7,081. Houses, 1,400. Th-; line
of division through the parishes which are partly in the
E. sub-d. and partly in the W. sub-d., runs along the
tumpike-road fi-om Chippenham to JIalmsbury, goes
up High-street to the Cross, aud runs thence along Up-
per and Lower Oxford-streets, aud along the turnpike-
road toward Cirence;>ter. — The district consists of the
two sub-districts. Ac^^•s, 57,508. Poor-rat-,a iu 1S63,
£8,435. Pop. in 1351, 14,899; iu 1861, 14,550. Hoi'ses,
3,059. Marriages in 18ii3, 106; births, 494,— of which
45 were Ulcgitiruate; deaths, 265, — of which 105 WL-re
at ages under 5 years, and 9 at ages above 85. 3!aniages
in the ten years 1851-00, 973; births, 4,C75; deaths,
2,742. The places of worship, in 1851, were 23 of the
Church of Eut;land, with 5,769 sittings; 10 of Indepen-
dents, with 2',004 s. ; 7 of Baj.tists, with 1,068 s.; 1 of
Moravians, w ith 280 s. ; 1 of Wesleyan Methodists, w ith
50 s. ; 8 of Primitive Methodists, with 434 s. ; and 1 un-
defined, with 130 s. The schools v.ero 17 public day
schools, with 742 scholars; 36 private day schools, with
590 s. ; and S2 Sunday schools, w ith 2,042 s. The work-
house is in Brokenborough parish ; and, at the census of
1861, had 163 inmates. — The hundred contains twenty-
five parishes, jarts of two other parishes, and an extra-
parochial place. Acre.s, 60,027. Pop. in 1851, 14,471;
in ISOl, 14,145. Houses, 2,939.
MALMSBUKY-ABBEY, an extra-parochial place in
the town of ilalmsbury, in Wilts; around the site of the
ancient Benedictine abbey. Pop., 143. Houses, 27.
MALPAS, a small town, a township, and a sub-dis-
trict in Whitchurch district, and a parisn partly also in
Nantwich and Great Buughton districts, Cheshire. The
town stands on an eminence, 2 miles N of the bounlaiT
with Flint, 4' E of the liver Dee, 5i NW of Whitchurch
r. station, and 15 SSE of Chester; commands views over
an extensive surrounding country, backed by the boldly
picturesque mountains of Wales ; took its name froLi two
words whlcli signify "a bad pass;" was anciently called
Depembock, which also signifies "a bad pass;" had an-
ciently a castle of Hugh Lupus, Earl of ChL=ter, remaius
of the keep of which adjoin the churchyard; is irregularly
built; consists of four streets, diverging from a commoa
C'-ntre ; is supplied with water by works erected at the
e.vpense of the Marquis of Cholmoudoley aud T. T. Diake,
E-q. ; is a >cat of petty sessions and a pollii;g-p';".:e ;
has a post-otlice:t under A\'hitchurch, Salop, a police sta-
tion, a subscription library and reading-room, a ch'.'.roh,
Independent, Wealeyau, and Primitive Methodist chap-
els, an endowed grammar school, an eudpwed natioual
school, two alms-houses for twelve jier.sons, and charities
about £60 a-year; and gives the title of Vi"couut to the
JIALPA?.
il ALTON.
^[arquis of Cliolinou Jeley. The cbiucli is partly Jecorateil
J£iii,'Hsh, but chiefly perpeniliculiir : coinprisei uave,
aisles, and chanci,-!; includt-s two highly decorated chapels
of the Cholmondeley and the Ej,'ertoa families, enclosed
by carvi'd oak screens; has a beautiful E window, A\-ith
lichly stained glass medallions; has also a massive haml-
some tower; was restored in ISil, at a cost of £2,500;
and contains stalls, memoriiJ wiuduws, aud alabaster
tombs, with life-size recunibeut figures. The Lidepen-
deut chapd was built in 1862, at a cost of £1,400. The
f;rammar scliool has £25 a-year from endowmeiit ; the
n-itional school, £119; the alms-houses, £117. A weekly
n;ai-ket used to be held ou Wednesday, but has been dis-
ciintinued; and fairs are held on 5 Afiril, 23 July, and 8
Dec. The township comprises l,9y3 acres. Keal pro-
perty, £4,St>9. Poj>., 1,037. Houses, 223. The manor
was given by Hugh Lupus to Robert Fitzhugh; and
passed, thiough the Suttuns, the St. Fierres, aud others,
to the Cholmoudeleys. The Hall was the seat of the
Bieretons, and was destroyed by fire in 1760.-— The sub-
distiict contains also the townships of I'ickley, Hamp>tou,
Larkton, Duckington, Edge, Overton, Chorlton, Cudding-
Ion, Oldcastle, Newtou-juxta-JIalpas, Stockton, AVio-
Laugh, Wigland, Agden, Chidlow, liradley, 3Lacefen,
and Tushingbam-cmn-Grindley. Acres, 15,547. Pop.,
3,62L Houses, 729. — The parish contaius likewise the
towmships of Cholmondeley, EgertMU, Bickerton, and
tidkeley in Nantwich district, and the township of
liroxton in Great Boughtou district. The townships are
severally noticed in their own alphabetical places.
Acres of the parish, 27,004. Real propFrtv, £37,007.
Pop. in 1851, 5,7111; in 1S6I, 5,598. Houses, 1,128.
Tue living is a double rectory, or rectory of two medie-
ties, in the dipi.;se of Chester; and the higher mediety
is united with the p. curacy of Whitewell. Value of the
higher rnediety-with-"\V, £1,000;* of the lower mediet)',
£910.* Pati'ou of the forn\er, alternately the Marquis of
Cholmondeley and T. T. Drake, Esq. ; of the latter, T.
T. Drake, Esq. A section of the {'arish, called St. Chad,
was constituted a separate charge in 18C0, and had a pop.
cf 871 in 1801; and the living of it is a p. curacj', of the
value of £140,* in the patronage of the Eectors of ilalpas.
The church stands in Tushinghara-cum-Grindley town-
ship; was built in 1863; consists of nave, transept, and
chancel, with porch and bell-turret; and superseded a
small old brick building. The p. curacy of Bickerton
also is a separate benefice. A chapel of ease is at
Iscoyd. A AVesleyan chapel is in Hamjiton; Primitive
ilethodist chapels are in Agden, Broxton, Bulkeley,
Hampton, Wigland, and Tusluugham-cum-Grindley; na-
tional schools are in Bickley aud Macefen; and a school
for boys and girls, erected in 1SC4, by 3Ir3. Glutton, is
in Chorlton. Bishop Dudley, Sharpe, the chaplain of a
b>n of James I., Professor Townson, and P.iihop Heber's
fr.ther were rectors; Bishop Heber himself was a native;
and Matthew Heuiy was born in the viciiuty.
ilALPAS, a parish, with a village, in Xewport dis-
tiict, Jlonraouth; on the Brecon aud Newport canal and
on the Eastern Valleys railway, ailjacent to the river
Usk, 1^ mile NNW of Xewiiort. Post-town, Newport,
Monmouth. Acres, 938. Real propei-ty, £2,234. Pop.,
SOI. Houses, 59. The property is dinded among a
few. Malpa.s Court is the seat of T. Protberoe, E.m|. A
Cluniac priory, a cell to Montacute abbey in .Somerset,
was founded here, in the time of Henry L, by William
de Daluu; aud was given, at the dissolution, to the Her-
berts. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Llan-
dalT. Value, £loO. Patron, T. Prother.>e, Esq. Tlie
ciiurch belonged to the [iriory; is in rough Norman
architecture, of uidiewn stoue, and in good cou'litiou;
has neither aisle nor spire; and contains stalls and an
tijgies of tlie 14th century. There is a national school.
-VlALPAS — popularly MoPfs — a village in the S of
Cornwall ; 2 miles SE of Truro. It has a post-office
Under Truro.
MALSH ANGER, a seat in the N of Hants; 5\ miles
W of liasingstoko. It belonged anciently to the War-
hams; M-iis the birthplace of Archbishop AVarham; passed
to the Penuiugtoiis; and belongs now to t;:e Portals.
MAl-SWICIv,a tything in Ncweut parish, Gloucester;
near Newent. Real property, £2,521. Pop., 225.
.ilAI/i'BV, a handtt in Raithby-cum-Maltby p.irish,
Lincoln ; 2 miles iiSW of Louth. It comprises about
1,100 acres ; and it anciently had a preceptory of Knights
Templars.
M.iLTBY, a township in St;dnton p.irish, N. R. York-
shire; near the river Tees, 3i mUes ENE of Yanu. Acres,
1,093. Real ]>rope:ty, £1,385. Pop., 14L Houses, 36.
MALTBY, a village, a township, a parish, and a sub-
district iu Kotherham district, AV. It Yorkshire. The
village stands on the upper part of the river Rytou, 6
mdes E of Rotherhajn tov.n and r. station; and has a
post-office nnder Rotherham, aud an ancient stone cross.
The township includes also tlie greater portion of the
parish. Real property, £5,475; of which £90 are in
quarries. Pop. in 1S51, S15; in 1S61, 774. Houses,
169. The parish contains likewise the to^vnship of
EIoolon-Levett, aud comprises 4,51 7 acres. Real pnpertv,
£6,298. Poji. in 1S51, 924; in 1861, 85S. Houses, ISi).
The property is much subdivided. The manoi', with Sand-
beck Hall, belongs to the Earl of Scarborough. The
Hall is a large stone edifice; was budt about the middle
of last century; and stands in a finely wooded park of
350 acres. Roche abbey, at the AV extremity of tlie park,
was founded about 1147, by Richard de BotiLli and Rich-
ard Fit2-Turgis: was given, at the dissolution, to AVdLtam
Ranesdcn and Thonuts A'avasour; belonged to Cisteitians,
who here were called ilonachi de Rnpe, p^obal^ly from a
fragment of rock which the founders discovered here, and
imagined to rcaemble tl:e figure of Christ ou the cress;
aud has left beautiful, 1 ut not cxteusive remains, consist-
ing cliiefiyof the cntiauce-gnte, the church transejit, anil
the piers of the church-tower. The living is a vicaragj
in the diocese of York. A'idue, £150.* Patron, the Eiui
of Scarborough. The church, excepting the tuwer, was
rebuilt iu 1S59; is in phdn decorated English .-^tyle; wid
comprises nave, N and .'5 aisles, transept, and chance!,
with a vestry. There are a chapel for Wcsleyiris, au
endowed school witli .£15 a-ycar, and charities £10.
The sub-diitrict contains also two other parishes, and
parts of three others. Acres, 12,&33. Pop., 2,538.
Houses, 554.
MALTBY-LE-1L\RSH, a parish, with a Tillage, iu
Louth district, Lincolu; 5 miles NNE of Alford r. st.ition.
Post-town, Altbrd. Acres, 1,379. Reid propertr, £.3,290.
Pop. in 1S51, 293; in li-Jl, 332. Houses, 65." The in-
crease of pop. arose from the sale of land for building
purposes. The manor belongs to Capt. Moore. The
living is a rectorj' in the diocese of Lincolu. A'alne,
£300.* Patron, the Rev. J. AUott. The chnrch is
ancient ; consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a
tower; and contains an etfigies, supposed to be of one of
tlie Earls killed in a duel at ilabletliorpe. There are
chapels for Baptists and AVesh'yans, and an. eaiowed
school with £80 a-year.
il.VLTHYR.VFEL, a township in Llangyllie^v■ parish,
Moiitg >mer\-; 3) miles NE of Llanf.iir. See ilATilKAFEL.
MA ETON, a sub-distriet aud a ilistri;t in N. R. York-
shire; named from New Maltoii and Old Alalton. The
sub-district contaius the parishes of New 3laitou-L-t.
Leonard, New .Malton-Sr. :Michatl, Old Malton, Apple-
ton-le-StrtL-t, Huttons-.Amljo, and part of Kirkby-Mis-
]>ertoii clectorally in N. 1:. A'orkshire, and the parish of
Norton elixtorallv in E. K. Yorkshire. Acres, 18,159.
Pop., 9,972. _Huu5es,_2,Cy3.— The district con!rrehend.s
also the sub-district of lIo\-ingham, containing ^lingsLy
parish, si.\; townships of Hovingham, two of Barton-!e-
Street, and one of Saltou; the "sub-district of Bulmer,
containing the parishes of Buhner, Crambe, Fostou, and
Terrington, two hamlets and a township of Sheiitf-
Hutton, and a township of Barton-lc-Srrcet; t'le sub-
district of AVestow, cont.dning the parislus of AVestow,
Kirkhani, Purythorpe, Bir<l>all, Langton, .\ck!am, and
Wharram-lc-.Striet, two townships of .Sci.ayingham, and
two of AVhan-am- Percy, all electorally in E. R. York.shire;
and the sub-^listrict of RiUington, containing the jiarishes
of RiUington, Tlioipe-P.assett, Settrington, North Grini-
ston, Kiiby -Giiiid;:!yt'ii, AVintriiighani, Yeduiiigiiain,
MALTOy (New-).
m
ilALTO^T ^N;;w).
a-i'l Heslertoii, all tlcttorally iu E. U. Yoiksliire. Acii s,
ll-2.4:r. Puor-rates ia lSu;5, £S,466. Fop. in 1S51,
20,1C3: in IS6], 23,4.S3. Houses, 4,732. Jlarriages in
1i:i, lOJ: I'irth', ToJ, — of which 91 were iUogitiiiiatc;
<1-.i:1lS 5i-'2, — tf which ISo wcro at ages uudei- 5 years,
sn^l 17 at a:;cs aixjve S5. ilarriagt'.i iu tho teu ytars
1 >:;!-<;■■', 1,^2^; linhs, 7,75S; deaths, 4,498. The
j'!,K.-ri 01 w.M>hi]>, iu Ibol, were 40 of tho Church of
Kiivr'.i::.!, with >,'3n sittings; 3 of InJeiieiidents, with
■;•, is.; 1 ct" raptMs, witu 600s. ; 2 of Quakers, with
123 s.; 2 of Unitarians, with 360 s. ; 35 of AV'esle^-au
MiriliodLits, with 5. S4o s. ; 18 of Primitive Methodists,
v.;r'>. 1,770 3.; 2 undeiincil, with 220 s. ; aud 1 of Koniau
I'ari.jli'.'s, witii 6o s. The scliools were 43 public day-
s-Lo-jJs, with 2,715 scholars; 39 jjrivato day-scliools, with
SjS 5.; 55 Sunday schools, with 2,823 s. ; and 2 eveuiug
FohcoiS for adults, with 23 s. The ■workhouse is in New
M-iitra-^t. Le'jiiard parish; uud, at tlie ceusas of 1861,
Lud 101 inraates.
ilALTOX (.Xziv), a town and two parishes iu Malton
<l:irr;t, N. R. Yorksliire. The town stands oa a gentle
deolirit^,-, adj.-.cent to the river Derwent, at the intereec-
tiin of the York and Scarhorough and tlio DriiBeM and
Ti:ir.-k railways, 21^ luUes NE by N of York. It was
c^diiv. Xt>w ilaltoa on account of a reconstruction of it
iji the 12th c-intury; but, in common with Old Malton
to the NE, 2nd with Norton on the other side of the Der-
went, it pn/tAbly occupies the site of ancient British
viJla^'s, and cenAialy occupies the site of a Itoman camp
an:i town. No fewer than six ancient ways diverge from
it; mast or all of them jierhaps originally trackways of
the Briganrrs; and all of them undoubtedly roads used,
and at Irast improved, if not made, by the Komans. The
tra.t aroand it appears, from very numerous traces of
d\."ellingi, bnrial-monnds, and other artificial objects, to
have b«eu more thickly peopled by the aucient I'ritons
th.'a any other j^arc of Yorkshire; and it probably at-
tricr^d the liomansto make a great central settlement at
Ml!! TOD, by the sr>ecial facilities which it olfered tliem in
i's cleared lands and its fom;ed ways. A double Itoman
canip is stUl distinctly traceable on both sides of the
LVrs-ent; th^ larger and more distinct section of it is on
tL- Norton side; the site of a Koman village, suburban
to 'Ji JJorian camp or to\n), is on tlie same siilc; and
tra.-rs of iJoaian streets, several feet below the surface,
Irive been found, in the course of drainage and other
W'.rks, ali-'ng the lines of a number of the luudeni streets.
S-T'iiie early antiquaries, quite against evidence, sujiposod
the Poman t jwii here to have been Camalodunnm; some
lat-r ones, with considei'al)le show of evidence, conteml
t};.>t it was Dervt-ntio; and others are undecided as to its
identity. Very numerous Koman relics, in great variety,
h..ve, at dirferent times, been fouml in New ifalton, in
*f.\ Malton, and in Norton; a fine cinerary urn was
fvSid at Norton in 1862; and the contents of a Koman
crrr.'-tery, including human remains andverymanycurioiis
r' j-cts CI ait, were discovered there near the end of 1866.
M ulton ccntini;'--.! to be a place of some note in both the
^'a.to'.i and the N.mnan times. The manor of it belonged
to Colebr.nd tl;e Dane; and was given by William the
•Cc:;':iier'/r to the family of De Vesci. A villa of King
K-It-u is thought by some writers to have stood at it;
r.2.!, at leiLst, stood somewhere on the Denvent. A
c_-ti-.; was built here by the De A'escis; was taken in
llJi', by th'» .S:ots; and was besieged in the .same year,
Iu: proKiMy not retaken, by Arclibishop Thiirstau of
Y^;rk. Tl!'> town was then burnt by the Archbishop;
h:.z, so'-.u afterwards, w.as rebuilt by i'.ustace Fitz-John ;
31. 1 it th'-n to"k tl'.ii name of New Malton. The manor
w:3 i:'.h<rited, by iitz-John, through his mother, from
i;e IV Vestis; piussed, in subsecpient centuries, through
virims hands; and bel.-»;g.s now to luirl Fitzwilliam.
ritz-John, aboTit the time of rebuihling the town, also
f<. r:ided .1 priory- at O'l'l JIalton ; and agrandson of his,
in 1213, nveivtd a visit from King John, ^v new castel-
! '.Ti .1 n;.insio:i, en the ruins or site of the castle of the De
V-.-ci.'i, w;is '.'uilt, in tb.e time of J.anies I., by Lord
Fvers: and. in ronsefiuoi:ce of a dis]iute respecting it by
13 fonniler's two p-anddaughteis, it was taken duT.'ii in
1674; but the lodge and the gateways of it stul stand.
The names of E. Burke, If. Gratton, and other distin-
guished senators are associated with the town, as having
represented it in parliament.
The town is about 4 a mile long, well built, njid clean;
and contains many good modern house.s. Tlie market-
jdace is very large ; and is divided into two part.s, by
the town-hall and St. Michael's church. The surround-
ing country is rich in interesting scenes and objects; and
the elevated gr'jund to the N. and to the W. commands
views of the \\'ol>.ls, with their romantic vales and heathy
fells, backed by the bold ridge of the Ilambk-ton hills.
The cliief public buUiLings are the town-hall, a couit-
house, a corn-exchange, assembly rooms, a masonic hall,
a theatre, a three-arolied bridge, mechanics' and literary
institutions, with library and news-rooms, a cattle mar-
ket, two churches; seveu dissenting chapels, a Hoicaii
Catholic chapel, national and British schools, and a work-
house. The cattle rcarket occu}nes about 3 acres; and
includes shambles, erected by Earl FitzwiUiara. St.
JMiehael's church is Norman and large; ha.s undergone so
much restoration and alteration, both exteriorly aud in-
teriorly, as to present a modern apjiciiriince ; has a W
tower; contains a fine old font; and was originally a
chantry chapel to Old ilalfon priory, and afcenvards a
chapel of ease. St. Leonard's church is ancient and
weather-worn; underwent repair in 1856, ivhen three
Norman aa'hes, in the N wall of the chancel, were op'cned
out; has a battlemented tower, with slated wooden spire,
surmounted by an iron cross ; contains two piscinas and
a Norman font; and also was originally a chantry chapel
to Old JIalton priory, and afterwards a chapel of ease.
The dissenting chapels are Indepetident, Baptist, Qr.aker,
Wesleyan, Primitive ilethodist, United Free ilethodist,
and Unitarian. The lodge of the ancient castle stands
on the E side of the town; presents interesting architec-
tural features; is apjroached through tiirce ancient gato-
ways, two of them partially btult up ; and leads the wa)-
to tho site of the ancient castle, and to numerous traces
of the ancient lioman town. A hall connected with the
loilge contains a fine collection of lioinnn and ancient
British relics found in the neighbourhood; and has a
series of beautiful oak carvings, of subjects in the history
of Jonah. A iie\7 public cemetery was formed in 1S60;
and contains tv.o chapels for respectively Churchmen and
Dissenters. Waterworks were K-gun to be formed in the
autumn of 1866, at an estimated cost of £4,000; were to
be supplied by pumping from the Lady spring, near the
town ; and were to have a reservoir on tlie Ciistle-IIowjird-
road.
The town has a head post-office,t two railway stations
with telegraph, three banking-otfices, and three chief
iiiiis; is a seat of petty sessions, quarter sessions, and
county courts, and a polling- place; and publishes two
weekly newspapers. A weekly market is held on Satiw-
day; fairs are held throughout the week before Palm-
Sumlav, on the S.iturday before Whitsundav, the Situr-
d.iy before 12 July, 11 Oct., and tiie Satuid.iy bcf.-.re 23
Nov. ; and industry ia i:arried on in com mills, breweries,
malting establishments, tanneries, agricultui-'d niachint-
works, andiron and brass foundries. Tlie quairyir.g of
limestone and whinstone, aud the making of uricks, tiles,
£.ud drain-pipes are carried on in the neighbfurhooti. A
considerable commerce formerl}' e.visted in the export o(
j'loduce down the Derwent toward Hull; but was dimin-
ished, almost to extinction, by tho opening of the rail-
ways. T)ie town is a boi'ongh by prescription; .sent two
members to parliament in tho time of Edward I., and
from 1640 till 1867, but was then reducetl to seudii:g one;
Qiid is governed by a baililf, appointed at the court Icet
of Ivirl Filxwiiliani. Electors in 1S33, 6.i7; in 186?, 6U3.
The borouu'h limits comprise the two ] iaribb.es of New
MuUon, ami the parishes of Old ilallun and Norton,
pop ill 1851, 7,061; in 1801, 8,072. Houses, 1,6!.'4.
Th'> two New Malton parishes arc St. Mi'diael and St.
Leonard; they v.eie separated from Old ilaUori so late
as 1?.''5; aiid"thev jointly comprise 110 acres. Iteal pro-
peity of .St. M., il.iUl. Po)). ill isr>l, l,'^3l; in IsOl,
],5f"0. Houses, 230. Ileal properL} of St. L., iOiOLI;
MALTON (Old).
248
MALVERN (Gnr.AT).
of ■which £500 are in gas-wovks. Pop. in 1S51, 2,207;
in 1S61, 2,221. Houses, 4S1. The livin:::? are vicar-
ages in the diocese of York. Value of St. M., £195;* of
St. L., £195. Patron of both, Eail Fitzwuliam.
MALTON (Old), a village and a parish in Malton dis-
trict, N. R. Yorkshire. The village stands on the river
Derwent, 1 mile NE of New Maltou; is mentioned in
Domesday book; took the name of Old Maltou at the time
when the neighbouring town took that of New Malton;
has always, from the earliest period, shared in that town's
history and interests; participates with it in certain
rights of commonage ; consists chiefly of one long street,
occupied mostly by farmers and labourers; and has re-
mains of a Gilbertine priory, a church, two dissenting
chapels, a grammar school, and a national sohooL The
priory was founded in 1150, by Eustace Firz-John; be-
came the burial-place of St. Gilbert himself, and the
head one of all his monasteries; was very richly endow-
ed; suifered great decay in its buildings, immediately
after the Reformation; and is nowrepresentc'l mainly by
the nave of its church, which is used as the parish church.
The church, in its original form, comprised nave, aisles,
trans-jpts, and chapels ; and had a large central tower,
and two fine W towers. The chancel was taken doi\"n,
and the present E window iuserted, in 1734; and exten-
sive restorations were made in 1S44. The doorvvaj- of
the W front is a very rich Norman arch, springing from
the capitals of seven columns on each side; and the win-
dow above it is a pointed one of five lights, now par-
tially walled, up. The SW tower still stands, but is in
ik time-worn condition; and the NW tower has been re-
duced to the mere basement. The central tower was
taken down in 1636. The cloister was quadrangular,
and on the S side of the church. A pictmcsque residence,
called tlie Abbey, stands adjacent, and was built out of
the church's ruins; and it has a cellar, which was an-
ciently a crypt. The churchyard contains a number of
curious monumental inscriptions; and a building adjoins
it, which was originally the gi-ammar school, and is still
used as a school-house. Three hospitals were connected
with the priory; one at what is now the Cross Keys inn,
in AVheclgate; another at Broughton, about a mile to
the N; the third on an island in the Derwent, or on the
Norton side of the river. A crj-pt of thi first of these
hospitals still exists ; is nearly square; and has a strongly
groined Norman roof, resting on massive cylindrical col-
umns with sculptured capitals, and having grotesque
bosses at the intersections of the ribs. The grammar
school was founded in 1546, by Archbishop Holgate ;
and has £96 a-year from endowment. — The parish con-
tains also the hamlet of Wycombe, and comprises 3,9S3
acres. Post-town, New Malton. Real property, £5,943.
Pop. in 1851, 1,505; in 1861, 1,302. Houses, 294.
The decrease of pop. arose from the removal of labourers
employed on railway works. The manor belongs to Earl
FitzwiUiam. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of York. Value, £170. Patron, Earl Fitzwilham.
MALTRAETH. See Malltk.vevh.
MALVERN (Great), a town and a parish in Upton-
on-Sevorn district, Worcester. The town stands on an
eastern slope of the Malvern hills, at the junction of the
Worcester and Hereford railway with the Tewkesbury
and Malvern railway, Ih mile NNE of the boundary
with HerefM-dshire, and S"} SW by S of Worcester. It
was, till recently, a mere village; yet it dates from con-
siderably ancient times. A hermitage, or house of secu-
lars, was founded at it in the time of Edward the Con-
fessor; and was converted by Alwin, with the aid of
Bishop Wulstaa of Worce.ster, into a Denedietine priory.
The priory became subject, in the time of Henrj" I., to
the jurisdiction of Y/estmiuster; h.ul a cell at Avercole,
notable for a tragic occurrence in the time of the cru-
sades; figured, for a long period, as a plioe of much ec-
cleaia.'itical grandeur and inSueuce; and, at the dissolu-
tion of mon;isteries, was purcha.?ed by the inhabitants to
be used as a parisli church. A song composed in the
time of James I., says, — -
" Great Malvern, on a rock, thou dwellest sure'./,
Do not ti.yself fumot. living securely;
Thou hast a famous church, and rarely builded;
No country town hath tuoh, most men have yielded.
For pillars stout and strong, and windows lar^e ana long;
Remember, in thy song, to praise the Lord."
The ancient town, or vil!age, is irregular, and consists
chiefly of scattered houses. The nioVleru town is well
built; contains numerous terrace-lines of good houses;
makes an imposing di'-play of hotels, boarding-houses,
and public buildings; and has, in its centre, "spacious
promenade gardens. Its environs are highly lucciuesque;
its climate, though subject to piercing east v/inds in spring
and to great mid-day hejt in summer, is highly s.dubri-
ous ; and its bathing and medicinal waters, aided by hy-
dropathic establishments, have acquu'ed eminent repute.
The town owes its modern growth mainly to the resort of
invalids, who appreciate excellent appliances for health,
without caring much for accompaniments of gaiety and
amusement; and it promises to acquire further and rapid
growth, both from increasing force of the same cause,
and as a place of educatii'n. The railway station is a
handsome structure, and was opened in 1S59. A very-
large hotel staniis adjacent to the station ; ■u'as erected in
18t52by apublio company, at a cost or more than £25,000;
presents a highly ornate a;.p.:arance, similar to that of the
Great Western hotel at Paddington; and has verj- high
roofs. Other hotels and l>oarding -houses are as numerous
as in many a city. A club-house, in the Pallalian-Italiaa
style, with adjoining masonic hall, was projected in 1S69.
Tne proprietory college srai^ds on a beautiful spot com-
manding an extensive view of the valley of the Severn ;
was built in 1S05, after ilr?igus by C. F. Hansom; is in
the decorated English style, on aground ))Ian in the form
of an E; measures 210 feel along the W front; Lis there
a central turretted tower 100 feet high, a two-stoiif.d
centre extending from the tower, the eud.5 of two w ings
in the fonn of two church-like gables with scven-lig'.it
windows, and a detached ornate chapel with slen-ier
spire; comprises a clas^io school and a inod-.iu school, in
two large wing-,buildiug5, whose W eu'ls for:a the gables
of the \V front; includes aa open quadrangle in the rear,
between these two buildings; has two jiniicipal school-
rooms, each 97 feet long, -L;5 feet wide, and 57 fert liigh,
affords accommodation f^'r 600 boys; and conducts its
course of instruction on tlie system of the great public
schools. There are a national school, an endowed scliovil,
an industrial school, a public librar)-, and a vrorkuig-
mens literary institute. The public library is kept in
a building of the Doric .style. A suitable edifice for the
literary institute was pixq^osed, in 1866, to be erected at
a cost of about £750. Tiie parish church, or church of
the quondam priory, is partly eaily Norman, chiefly
later English ; comprises nave, aisles, transepts, and
chancel, with central embattled tower 124 feet high;
measures 177 feet in length, o3 feet in width, and 63 feet
in height; had formerly a Lad}" chape], 50 feet in Ivngth;
underwent restoration in lSOO-4, at a cost of about
£12,420; has a fine memorial win^iow to the late Prince
Consort, put up in lSo2; and contains stalls, sedilia,
four interesting ancient monuments, a beautiful recent
monument to ilrs. S. Thompson, and the graves of
Bishop Bathurst of Norwi.-h and Riihop Jenkiuson of St.
David's. The gateway of the ancient priory still stands,
and is a beautiful specimen of later English. St. ^Mary's
church, at Barnards-Gre^n, w;t3 erected in 1344, at a
cost of about £2,000. Trinity church is at North
Malvern. There are chapels for Indepeudeats, Lady
Huntingdon's Connexion, Quakers, Wesleyans, and ilo-
mau Catholics, in the toivu; and a chapel for Indepen-
dents, at MalvL-rn-Chase. The Wcsl-yan chapol was
built in 1S6G, at a cost of £3,000; is in the early deco-
rated English style; comprises nave, transept, and ap>e,
with a pinnacled tower 104 feet high; contains about
500 sittings; and stau-ls over cryptic schrjlvooms,
capable of accommodating 500 cliildron. The Roman
Catholic chapel was built in 1SS3; is in the pointed
style; consists of a nave of SO feet by 30, with t!:ree side
chaiiels; and was designed to be extended, at S'juie con-
venient period, by the addition of chancel. The pub-
lic, cemetery occupies a .-^pace of about 3 acre-s, and wa3
MALVERN TIILLS.
219
MAi.SVOOD.
Dpeneil in ISOl. A suite of alms-houses, in result of a
niuuificcnt boiiuost of £00,000 by the Earl of Beau-
champ, was founded in Oet. 18G2. Other endowed char-
ities conueeted with the town amount yearly to about
£20. The town has a head postofhce.t a telegraph-sta-
tion, ami two banking-oilices; is a seat of potty sessions;
Bud publishes two weekly newspapers. Pop. iu 1S61,
4,454. Houses, 709.
The waters of ^lalvem, which so greatly attract inva-
lids, are remarkably limpid, and owe their reputed vir-
tues probably quite as much to extreme purity as to any
positive niciLicinal qualities; and they are used for bath-
ing .IS well ius for driukin'', and prove eminently .suitable to
the hydropathic establi.sliments. Two springs are mainly
in request; the one calleil St. Anne's, in the E part of
the town, near the parish church; the other called Holy-
well, about 2 miles to the S. The water of St. Anne's con-
tains, per gallon, 3"45 grains of carbonate of soda, 1"4S
of sidphate of soda, -'JoS of muriate of soda, 'SSi of car-
bonate of lime, •32S of carbonate of iron, and '47 of rosi-
duiun; and that of the Holywell contains 5-3.3 of carbo-
nate of soda, 2 896 of sulphate of soda, 1.553 of muriate of
soda, 1 -6 of carbonate of lime, -625 of carbonate of iron,
and 1'6S7 of residuum. St. Anne's well is very pictur-
esquely situated ; and every desirable accommodation
exists "for drinking the waters, and for hot and cold
bathing. A weeldy lecture on water, health, and kin-
dred topics is delivered in an apartment, used as a read-
ing-room, in Townsend House; an annual temperance
fete is held in the beautiful grounds connected with that
edifice; and an annual ball, and a few in-door recrea-
tion.s are the only other local amuscmfiuts. But very
ample and very inspiriting means exist for pedestrian
rambles, mounted or Ciirriage excursions, piculc parties,
angling, botanizing, and geological exploration
The parish contains also the hamlet of Barnards-
Grecn and the chapelry of Newlaud. Acre.s, 5,021.
Eeal property, exclusive of Xewland, £35,142; of which
£20 are in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 3,771; in 1S61, 6,054.
Houses, 9'J2. Real propertj', inclusive of Xewland,
£36,854. Pop. in 1851, 3,911; in ISGl, 6,245. Hou.ses,
1,026. The property, in all parts, is much subdivided.
The manor belongs to Lady Emily Foley. Malvern
Chose, once a forest, but now enclosed, iiududed must of
the palish, and extended beyond it ; and it bflonged,
for some time, to the Clares. The parish is ecclesiasti-
cally cut into the sections of Great JIalvern or Priory
church, Guarlford, and North Malvera. The living of
the first is a vicarage, of the second a rectory, of the third
a p. curacv, iu the diocese of Worcester. Value of the
first, £350;* of the second, £337.* Patron of the first.
Lady Emily Foley; of the second, Earl Beauchamp; of
the third, the Vicar of Gre.at Sfalvern.
3IALVERN HILLS, a chain of hills along the mu-
tual border of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. It
extends from N to S; is nearly 0 miles long, and from 1
to 2 miles broad; and lias about 20 distinct summits. Its
name m.ay have been originally either Moel-Wren, sigrd-
/'ying "an alder-mountain" or "mountain with alders,"
cr Moel-y-yarn, signifying "the higli court" or "scat of
judgment;" and that name was easily corrupted into
JIaivern. The greater portion of the hills, together with
Hanley Castle, was given by Edward I. to Gilbert do
Clar", Earl of Gloucester, on his marringe with Joan
Dacr'"s, the king's daughter; and the uplmul portion of
his manor, over the gre.iter pa-^t of the hills, was thence
called Malvern Chase. X portion of the hills, beyond
the Earl of Gloucester's jiropcrty, belonged to the Bishop
of Hereford; and either to prevent a dispute respecting
the boundary, or to ti-nninate a dispute which had al-
ready arisen, a trench, still visible, and called the Duke
of Gloucester's ditch, was made on the ridge as the
Loun lary-liiie. Tlii> ini),t con,s])icuous of the summits
are Nortii Hill and Worcestershire Beacon, in the N;
Herefordshire Beacon, m:ir the ei'iitre; and Gloucesti;r-
phire P.eaci'n and .MiiUunimi r Hill, toward the S. The
Worcestershire Beacon li.is an altitude of 1,441 feet above
8ca-Ievel; and i? the suvnniit mo.st fii'quented by excnr-
tionists and tourist?. The Hereford -.hire Beacon iiiis an
I altitude of 1,370 f^et; overlooks an important pass
across the ridge; and is crowned by a very strong an-
cient fort, proljjbly of Briti.ih origin, 3,300 I'jet Ion?,
and 8,910 feet in circumference. The several summits
commnrid very extensive and very luagnificeut views,
over portions oi ti.-u or twelve counties; on the E, over
much of the great splendid '.-clley of the Sevt-rn; on the
S and SW, down tluit valley to the Bristol channel; on
the W, over the valkys of the r''rome, the Lug, the Led-^
don, and the Wye; and including a large aggregate of
orchards and hop grouu'ls, and the cathedrals of Wor-
cester, Gloucester, and Hereford.
MALVERN LINK, a chapelry in Leigh parish, AVor-
cester; on the Worcester and Malvern railway, 1 milo
NE of Great ilalvem. It wa.s conscituted in 1SJ6; it
forms an in'iportant suburb of Great JIaivern, and is
rapidly increasing; and it has a p;Osl,-o(lice,J designated
Malvern Link, Worcestershire, a ndlway station, a large
and elegant hotel of 1S62, and many handsome detached
residences. Pop. in 1361, 1,670. Houses, 319. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Worcester. Value,
£100.* Patron, the lUsho]) of Worcester. The church
was built in 1846; was gi'eatly enlarged in 1S60; is iu
the early English style; and has a tower of two stages,
designed to be carried up a third stage, and to bo sur-
mounted by a spire. An Independent chapel was built
in 1861, and contains about 400 sittings. There are na-
tional and British schools.
MALVERN (LiTTLF,), a parish in Upton-on-Sevcrn
district, Worcester; under the Malvern hills, 1 mile Sof
ilalvern Wells r. station, and il. ENE of Ledbury. Post-
town, Malvern Weils, Worcestershire. Ac;e?, 943.
Real property, £927. Pop., 104. Hou.ses, 20. The
manor, with Little Malvern Court, belongs to C. M.
Berington, Esq. A Benedictine prioiy, a cell to "'A'or-
cester abbey, was foundedhore in 1171, by two brotlir'rs,
Joceliue and Edred, who were the first and the S'jcjnd
priors; and, at the dissolution, it had a prior and seven
monks. An ancient camp is in the S. The ]ivii;g is a
vicarage in the diocese of Worcester. Value, £44. Pa-
tron, Earl Somer.s. The church consists of the chancel
and tower of the ancient priory church; is iu good con-
dition ; and recently underwent interior repair. Th j
other parts of the old priory buildings are in ruin. A
Roman Catholic chapel, in lieu of a prerious one, ivas
built iu 1862 ; is a hau'lsonie slonc edifice, iu the pointed
style; wants a nave, intended to be hereafter added; ai;d
has schools attached to it.
MALVERN (NouTil), a chapelry in Great Malvern
parish, Worcester; with a post-o!Jiee under Malvern.
See M.vLVEUN (GiiK.u-).
MALVERN WELLS, a chapelry in Ilanley-Casllc
parish, Worcester; on the Worcsster and Hereford rail-
way, uuder the Malveru hills, 2 miles S of Great Mal-
vern. It was ( onstituted iu 1S36; it shares with Great
Malveni the character of a watering-place ; and it has a
post-office, t designated Malvern V.'ells, Worcesterbhire,
and a railway station. Pop. in 1861, 553. Houses,
104. The living is a p. curacy in tlie diocese of Worees-
ter. Value, not reported. Patron, the Rev. F. llop-
kinsoH- The church is a modern stono editice, with a
tower; and was repaired in 1S62. There are a parochiiil
library and a national school.
MALVERN (We<t), a chajjelry in Mathon, Colwall,
Cradle}-, and 1 eigh ]>arishes, Hereford and Worcester; 2
miles W of Credit Jlah-ern r. station. It was con.stituted
iu 1844; anil it iias a poit-oflicej under Malvern. Pop.
in 1861, 1,417. Hou^e.s, 266. Pop. of the ilathon j^jr-
tion, 539; of cho Colwail jiortion, 91; of tlie Cradiey por-
tioti, 378. Tiie suiface has a western aspect, an 1 com-
maud-s an extensive view over a hilly country. Tiie wa-
ter is of similar purity to that of Great Malvirn. There
are uunierous lodjfing-houses; and visitors and popid.a-
tion are rapidly iu'T-asing. "I'he living is a vi,'.i!a';e
in the di'-'cese" of Worcester. Value, £230.*- Patro:is,
the D"au iind Chapter of 'Westmiuster. There is Cy. na-
tional sehool.
MA I, WOOD, an ancient royal hunting c'lsU..- in New
Foivit, Hants; near Stoney-Cro.ss, 11 Uiiles W of Sout'i
2i
.MAIIATOX.
£50
MAN.
a:iiptoii. It lias all disapi>earc(l,, esoeptinj; some Lndis-
ttiict traces; but it still givcji name to tlio Ibrest waJk in
xvhicli it stood.
MAMATON, a Iiamkt in tlie S of Dorbysliiie; S|
miles W of Derby.
MAMDI-E, a parisli, witli a village, in tlie distiict of
Cljobufv-Mortiiiier, ami county of Worcester ; adjacent
to the feubuiy and Bewdley iail\vay, and to the bound-
ary with Salop, 4 miles SE of Cleobury- Mortimer. Post-
town, Clcobury-Mortimer, under Bewdley. Acres, 2,658.
l!eal property, £3,097; of which £350 are in mines,
roj.. in ISoi, 381; iu 1S61, 307. Houses, 61. Tlie
pKipertv is divided between two. Sodiugton, the au-
■cicn"t seat of the Blouuts, Wiis burnt iu the civil wars of
Charles I. ; wa-s taken down in 1S07; ami was then found
to st-ind over several curious lioman relics. There had
previously been discovered, in the neighbourhood, an
entire Itoman brick kiln, and parts of a considerable
:-.nne<luct, and a pavement. Coals are found; and the
Tenbiiry canal comes near. The living is a vicarage,
r,uited with the p. curacy of Bayton, in the diocese of
Hereford. Value, £323.* Fatroii, the Lord Chancellor.
Tlie church is 'old but good; has a wooden spire; and
contains monuments of the Blounts.
MA-MHEAD, a parish in St. Thomas district, Devon;
under Great llaldou hill, 3.^ miles W by S of Starcross
1-. station, and 4 E by N of Chudleigh. Post-town,
E.Koter. Acres, 1,165. Eeal propert)', £1,747. Pop.,
218. Houses, 40. The property is divided among a
few. Mamhead House belonged once to tire Balles;
was the seat of Sir Kobert Newman, who fell at the bat-
tle of Inktrman; is now the seat of liis brother. Sir Lyd-
iton Newman, Bart.; is an edifice in the Tudor style;
and stands on a charming sjiot, commanding a fine sea-
view. An obelisk of Portland stone, 100 feet high,
erected about 174l', by T. Balle, Esq., crowns the sum-
mit of a wooded height on the Mamhead grounds,
^lany spots iu the parish are richly picturesque. ^ The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value,
£iO'>.* Patron, S"ir L. Newman, Bart. Thus chui-ch is
good, and lias a tower. Charities, £3.
JIAMHILAD, a parish in Pontypool district, Mon-
mouth ; on the Brecon canal, adjacent to the Aberga-
venny and Pontypool railway, 3 miles NE of PontypooL
It has a post-oMce under Pontypool. Acres, 1,987.
L'eal property, £1,904. Pop. in 1851, 297; in 1S61,
.339. Houses, Go. The property is much divided. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Llaadaff. Value,
£1'';0.* Patrons, the Dean and Ciapter of Llandaflf.
The church is good.
3IAMII0LE, or JIanmoel, a hamlet in Bed welty par-
ish, Monmouth; between the Ebbw and the Sirhowy
rivers aiid railways, 2.^ miles NE by N of Eedwelty, and
7 WNW of Pontypool. It contains Georgetown and
BrieiyliiU, where there are extensive ircn-works; and
iriclu'les much of the chapelry of Tredegar-St. George.
Peal property, £53,C36; of wliich £8,500 are in mines,
iiiid £30,000 iu iron-works. Pop. in 1S51, 9,120; in
l.SGl, 11,510. Houses, 2,025. The increase of pop.
arose from the c.vtension of the iron-works. The Bed-
wclty workhouse is here; and, at the census of ISGl, had
£)3 inmates.
MAM TOP, or the Suiveuixg JIountain^, an emi-
nence in the \ of Derbyshire; 2 miles AVXW of Castle-
ton. It rises to an altitude of about 1,300 feet; has a
veiy singular appearance; consists of alternate layers of
shale and grit, constantly undergoing disintegration and
shivering away; is crowned by a double-ditched ancient
camp of 16 acres ; and comiuiiuds a tine view of the beau-
tiful vale of Edale.
MAN, or Isle of Max, an island, with adjacent islet
of Calf of Man and several skerries, iu the Iri.=!h sea; be-
tiveeii England, Scotland, and Inland, nearly equidLs-
fant tioni Liverpool, Greenock, and Belfa-t. Its centre is
ill lat. 54" 15' N, and long'. 4° 30' W; its N extremity,
at Point of Ayre, Ls 16 miles SS\V of Burrow Head, in
Scotland; its'NE extremity at Maughold Head, is 30
mih-s W of St. Bees Head, in Cumberland; its SW
ixtreniity, -it Calf of Man, is 31 miles SE o: Ardglass, in
Ireland, and 45 NNE of Holyhead, in Anglesey; andtha
central point of its E coast, at Peel, is 27 miles SE by
E of Lou"h Straugford, in Ireland. Its outline is proxi-
mately oblong, with angular projection at each extre-
mity, and extending from NE by N to SW by S. Its
length, from the Point of Ayve to the SW of the Calf, is
35 miles; its greatest breadth from BalUuKLVre, N of
Peel, to Banks-llowe, is 12^ miles; its circuiiiferonce is
about SO miles; and its area, inclusive of the Calf, is
about 130,800 acres. Its aggregate form may be de-
scribed, in the words of an old writer, as "a park in the
sea, inpaled with rocks." The co.ist, except in the N,
and at the ba\'s of Douglas, Castletowni, and Poolvash,
consists of rugged and lofty precipices. The interior is
divided into two regions by a cliain of mountains ex-
tending through it from NE to SW. The chain begins
at Maughold Head, with a height of 373 feet; and runs
by the watershed of Nortli liarrule, Sncafell, Beiu-y-
Phot, Garrnghan, Greebah, Slieauivhallin, South Bar-
rule, and Cronkna-Irey-Llaa to the W coast N of Flesh-
wick Bay, with a maximum altitude of 2,024 feet. Side
mountains, or spurs, flank considerable piortious of the
watershed line; a cliain of hills, in continuation of t!.o
watershed line, runs to the SW extremity of the W
coast ; heights of considerable altitude beetle over many
points of the E and the SE coast, all the way from Maug-
hold Head to the vicinity of Castletown bay ; and a sum-
mit, 472 feet high, rises on the Calf The altitudes of
the pnncipal summits, named in arithmetical order, are
Sueafell, 2,024 feet; North Barnile, 1,342 ; Bein-v-Phot,
1,772; Greovah, 1,591; South Bairule, 1,584 ;"Sartel,
1,560; Slieau-cliiarn, 1,533: Garragheu, 1,520; Cronk-
na-lrey-Llaa, 1,445; Siieaa-Dhoo, 1,139; Slieauwhalliu,
1,035; Carrans-nUl, 984; S!ieau-y-Carnane, 900; Bra-
da-Hill, 753 ; Dun-Howe, 757;iIount ilunay, 714;
Conius-Tower, 675; MuU-Hills, 537; Bushels-IIouse,
472; DougLns-Howo, 394; Santon-Head, 302; Spanish-
Head, 350;. Douglas-Head, 315; Tynwall Hilt, 130;
the watershed between Douglas and Peel, 126; and the
watershed between Port Erin and Port-St. .JLuy, SI.
The Calf is separated by a sound only about 500 yaids
wide, and comprises about 800 acres.
About thrce-fomths of tlie island S of a line drawn
westward from Ramsey to Sulby and thence south-west-
ward to near the middle of the AV coast, consist of
Lower Silurian rocks, comprising all the Cambrian scries
below the Upper SUuriajL Considerable tracts within
that region, particularly at Foxdale on the E side cf
South liarriile, and at tlie Dhoon N of Laxey, consist of
gi-auites and trappa;an rocks, wliich have burst through
the schists, and greatly contorted their strata. Two
tracts at Peel and in the vicinity of Castletown consist
of old red sandstone and conglomerate, resting uncon-
forniably on the upturned edges of the clay schist. A
considerable tract, in the S around Castletown, consists of
carboniferous rocks, chiefly lower carboniferous limestone
and shale, but including a remarkable black schistoze
formation, locally called Poolvash black marble. Tlio
northeni fourtli of the island consists mainly of alluvium,
overlying a stratified bed of drift gravel; and might all
l>e regarded a.s, in some sense, an extensive raised beach.
The aggregate rocks, though belonging to so few forma-
tions, possess much interest in their coast-sections, iu
their lithological character, and in rich stores of carbon-
iferous and pleistocene fossils. Gnuiite is worked at Dim
Howe, clay schist at Spanish Heail, limestone flags at
Scarlet, and black marble at Poolvash; and ironoreis
worketl at JIaiighold Head and South Alaughold, copper
ore at South ].,axey and Soutli Manx, zinc ore at South
Laxey, and lead ore at Foxdale, Soutli Laxey, Nortli
Laxcy, and South Manx. Sdveralso l< obtained at Fox-
dale, South Laxey, and North Laxey; sulphate of barytcs,
at Foxdale; and plumbago, iu Gkn Helen. The pro luce
of worked granite, iu 1S59, was 7 luiis; of worlced cl.iy
schist, CO tons; of v.'orkcd limestone Hags, 1,800 toii.-t,
of worked black marble, 75 tons; and there w\t.s nl.so a
produce of calcined limestone, at Ballahot and Port-St.
Mary, of many hundred tons. The produce of Iron, in
1S60, was 1,050 tons; of copper, 350 tons; of zinc, 3,131
JIan:.
251
MA>r.
kOCo; ot" Ica.l, i,''-77 tii;*; ai^I of iilvcr, iu tiia pievioos
ytr:»r, 5?. 974 o;.l>C;;3.
The ioili cdr!vsp<!iJ in ckirtu ter \rith. the rocks, and
do n -T rrese'^t mu-.u TanL'ty. The total of eucloseil and
ca2:;vi;c.I l^.-ls, exclusive of the Calf, is S9,45S aoivs;
of urji^rrnpri-iiei! commons, SO, 7SS acres; of waste lauds,
ij.?'Li,'.iad ikerric.i, about ll'.OOO anes. The general
fi:rfd c 'c-o'c5» on a tirst approach, to be bare and bleak;
Vet, fr.^EJ the Very edge of the C'last-clilfs to a cousider-
ahl-: 'Jl-Mnce up the luonntsin sUh ■*, it is all disposed in
coni-drlds and p.iatares. Agnc-alture w as lon^ in a ve:y
l)-.r ciulition, bat L^ graJ-iolly improved since 176o.
Ti.i pr.--lace fo— lierly was so scanty as barely to siifhce
!.'r !;.r j-jpularion, but ao^r is so plentifid as to admit of
1 ;rire ir»rtarijB. AVheat and beans grow well ou the
liirivifei lands; I<irley rnd oats grow well on the sandy
J" rtiozi of the N ijUiitcr, and on some portions of the
iiills: and potatoes are einiuently suited to most pai-ts of
the 1\ uaarrer, to the central valley from Do'.iglas to
r-cl, ard to the limeatoji'i tritt aroutd Castleto\vn. Up-
\s'irds cf £0/ '» qnartsrs of wheat, considerable quanti-
t;ei cf r<u-ley ari oats, and from 12,000 to 15,000 tons
cf TioUTces, aw ai^ually eipoi-ted. Poultry, butter,
Ci^T-S cajJe, h -ries, and p.'gs also are increasingly tx-
■ i>uircd; and all tjie kinds of produce find ready markets
j«t Liverrioo! a:>l \Vhitchaven. Sea-weed is largely used
for :r!a-.ure; and calcine! lime, from the limestone tract
nm"i:nJ. Castleroivn, 5^ larjcly employeiL Fisheries of
JitrriaiT, to-l. lir^r, and insh.ire fish employ about 3,800
B:ea a^d boys, upvvarls of 6W boats, and about 3,600,000
6--pare yariisofnetring; and yield, oa the average, a pro-
duce Ttorth raore than icCsOOO a-year. Tlie herring
lisht^riis employ also about 500 English and Irish boats,
vrfiii cpwanis 01 3,000 naeu. The average take of herrings
yearly trodaces about S, 000, COO fish for home consump-
ti'.n, aid 32,000,000 fi.5h, or 40,000 barrels for curing.
The coi acl Hn<j fisheries also are considerable. Lobsters
likcTvii-i are ohzaineii iu sach quanrity, chiefly ou the
roc'ky' iZiores aronnd. the Cau, as to be an article of ex-
]■>:::. Maaufa-ni.es, mainly in consequence of the want
of coal, axe cot extensive. Vet woollen goods are pro-
tliccti in the Union mills cf Braddiu; sailcloths, ropes,
Jiud Le^i, Iarg!^!y at Tromade, ne;ir Douglas; paper, soap,
ii.nd s:.irch, st Laso;.' and Snlby Glen; and iron ware, at
l)ou_';a.?. The vessels ijelonging to 3[an at the bfginning
of lioi wtre 273 small sailiug-vessels, of aggregately
6,517 :i">!is; i'J large sailing- vt'ssels, of aggregately 4,161
tons; ii.d 3 stcaia-veisels, of ag^ugately S3& tons. The
veise'-s '.Th!.;h '^n^ered iu lS'i3 were 5 Briti-h sailing-
ve.sScL?, of ai'vregiilely 1,093 tons, from Eritish colonies;
5 Dritiih sailing-vessels, of aggregately SOO ton<!, from
forrijTJ corjjrries; 25 foreign sailing-vessels, of aggrc-
£;at*iy 3,4'."<5 toc3, from foreign countries; 1,007 sailing-
vesieli, of aggregately 90,Gi2 tons, coastwise; and 00
St -.u'lE: -vessels, of siggregately 20,503 tons, coastwise. Tlie
Vr-ic;s which Ci-ared iu ls'"3 were 2 British sailing-
Tt-M-rls, of jointly 500 ton>, to British colonics; 8 British
saihr.g-vesicls, of aggregat^tly 1,010 tons, to foreign couri-
t:-irs: 25 foreign sailing-vessels, of aggregately 2,7S9 tons,
to foreign countries; 733 sailing-vessels, of aggi-egately
55,.".:5 loni, ccistwise ; and SO steam-ves.<;els, of aggre-
iT-t'v 17,037 tons, coastwise. The amount of customs
iu ]_v;2 was £23.G47 at Do-glas, and £4,039 at Bamaey.
The Lrland is divide I politically into two sections, If and
•S; ej-zh. Section is divided into 3 sheadings; the sheadings
are subdiviue-l into 17 parishes; the parislies arc sub-
divided into 150 treens; and each treen is subdivided
iur<> i'luart^rlands. Each sectiou lias its own deemster,
or Ji:-ige ; e:u.-h sheading, its coroner or sherilf, and its
lcK;.;n;ea or deputi-s; ta..h pruish, its captain, sumner,
Sli I iuoar; aad eacli freia li.id formerly a chapel or an
©ratojy. The isLicd ii indcpend'jiit of the imperial pp.r-
liaa:^;!!; haj its ov.u law.s, courts of law, and law ofliccs;
and is 20t alfc-ctcd by any w; it of chancery or otlier F.iig-
r.s;\ C'.-nrt, 'cnlesS the writ obiain the sanction of its own
ccvirts. The supreme court coi!.-.Lits of the Lieutcnaut-
Gov*-iJr, the C'oua.il, and the Keys; bears the name of
tbo T/nwaid coan; may be convoked by the Licuteuant-
Giirenior a:ai:y l:::ae o! uc.'l forlej^islativc business; and
for'ns acts wliicli, when si'.nctioncd by the Queen in
conned, and i>roclaimod iu ^hlnx and English oil Tvn-
Widd-liill iu the centre of the island, have the force of
law. Tlio Lieutenant -Governor is appointed by the
Croini, represents the sovereign, sits as cliariC" lloi; in his
court, and is capt.iiu-geueral cf the military forces of the
island. The Council also is apiwinted by the Crown;
Consists of the bishop, the archdeacon, the clerk of tbe
rolls, the attorney -general, the receivcr-gi:u;.'ra!, the
water-bailiff, and the vicar-general; and, in cou.-Ciihnce
of their always taking part iu the business of the l.-gis-
latiire, yaactically includes likewise the deemsters. 'The
clerk of the rolls luis the custody of the records, and
outers all pleas; the attorney -general sits in all courts
for the Crown, and is public prosecutor; the receiver-
general has charge of tlie revenue, and makes j a;. n)ent
of salaries; the water-bailiti'is pnictically the admiral of
the island, and holds admiraltj- courts; the vicar-general
is the bishop's official; nnd the deemsters are the judges,
and are regarded by the natives as I'jiving derived their
office from the ancient Druids. Tlie Kevs are the lower
house of the legis^lature ; con.^ist of twenty-four natives,
gentlemen of property; hold their oRice for life; are
each appointed, on a vacancy, by the lieutenaut-govemor,
from a leet of two presented by the remaining twenty-
three; have appellate jmisiliction in ciWl causes; and
are sup|«osed to derive their name of Keys fro!" three
JIanx words sigiiifpng '•four-and-twenty." The re-
venue is derived from import duties, royalties of mines
an<l quarries, lord's i-ent, and £500 of the coriniuted
tythes; and amounts to somewhat more than £32,000
a-year. The exp)enditure comprises about £3,000 on tlie
civil establishment, about £3,900 in the customs de-
partment, and £2,300 for pubhc works; and the balance
goes to the consolidated fund of the L''nited Kinu'di'in as
interest on £416,114 paid in 1S25, to the fourth Duke of
Athole, for all his rights and interest iu the island.
The postal department is independent of the local re-
venue aiTangements; anTl is well ramihed, and veiy
efficient. Begular con-jur.uication, Ty .steam-vessels, is
enjoyed with Liverpool, El-erwood, Whitehaven, SiUotli,
Glasgow, and Dublin. A tehgr.iphic cable corjiects
Point Cranstal, 4 miles X of Kamscy, with St. Bees in
Ctiniberhmd; and wires go from it to Kamsey and
Doughis. Jfany English families, attracted by the
amenities of the island, and by motives of econom}-, have
settled in it as pern;anent residents ; and great numbers
resort to it in summer for excursions through it, for i-us-
tication, and for sea-bathing. Tlie cost of provisions in
it is very much lower than in Great Britain and Ireland;
house-rent, especiall}- iu the mial parts, is moderate;
house-tax, income-ta.x, jioor's-ratcs, carriagediceuces, and
tolls are unknown ; and the hire of carriages, cars, cr
horses, is comparatively cheap. The currency is now
assimilated to that of England ; yet the copper coinage
continues to be stamped with the .Manx ai'iiis. Xotes of
one-pound and five-pounds, secured b}' guarantees on
laud, are issued by local banks. Curious ancient man-
ners and customs continued to prevail till the era of
steam comninnication ; but have now, in main degree,
disapnearcd ; yet m^iny superstitious observances and
notions, some of them supposed to date from the times
of Dniidism, still survive. The Manx langiiage, a
dialect of the Celtic, very closely allied to tlie Gaelic and
the Erse, is stiU spoken by the natives ; but, as a .--pokea
language, is not unlikely to become extinct in anothtr
generation. It was used m most of the parish churches,
so late as about 1335, ou tliree Sundays out of c. t-ry fcur;
but is now entirely out of use. A curious ihmx litera-
ture, chii-fly of b;"'llads ou sacred subjects, exists in
mannscrii't, and may be found iu niral cottages an.l
farm-liouses; a scanty Manx literature, cliietlv cf a lew
]'oems oxi.-^ts in piint; a Manx pna'cr-book w.is printed
in 1762, and a Manx 15ible iu 1772; a !M.;ux grammar,
wiii'h had beconii- very scarce, was ie]iu'vlished about
1S55; and both a dictionary of ilanx and English and a
triglot dictionary of Manx, Gaelic, and Erse, \.ere wri:teu
by the author of the gramniMr, and were under consider-
ation f<ir being printed in Irol. A s-hocl is maintained
MAN.
253
JIAN.
in every parish by asjcssmcnt on the iahahiwnts ; and is
aided by £8 Gs. from various endowments. Upwards of
50 elementavj- schools are in the ishmd; and a propor-
tion of fully more than one-eighteenth of the population
is at school. About 23 places of worship, either chapels
or school -houses iised as chajifls, besides the 17 parish
churches, belong to the E.stablishment ; upwards of 60
other places of wor.ship are Wesleyan or Primitive Metho-
dist; several, in the towns, are Independent or Scotch
Presbyterian ; and three, at Douglas, Eamsey, and Cas-
tletown, are Roman Catholic. The ecclesiastical matters
of the Established Church are all comprised in the dio-
cese of Sodor and ilau ; and will be noticed in an article
under that title. The only towns are Douglas, Eamsey,
Castletown, and Peel ; and two of the chief tillages are
Port-St. Mary and Port-Erin. Pop. of Man, in 1726,
14,066; in 1757, 19,144; in 1784, 24,924; in 1S21,
40,081; in 1841, 47,986; in 1861, 52,469. Inhabited
houses, 8,946; uninhabited, 477; building, 93.
Man, in common with Anglesey, is the ilona of many
ancient writers. It alone was called ilona by Casar; it
was called Monaoida, Mouabia, Jlenavia, and Eubonia
by other Roman authors; and it was called Mann, Manau,
Mannin, and Menow by the ancient Norsemen and the
ancient Britons. It was early inhabited by a Scoto-
Irish people, and was a grand theatre of Draidism. It
comes into view, at the beginning of the Cth century, as
sharing in the troubles of neighbouring Celtic popula-
tions. It was the scene of a war in 503; and, after the
termination of that war, it la)- under the dominion of
Maelgivyn, King of North Wales. It continued to be
subject to Mailgwyn's son; but, after a battle in 531, it
passed under the dominion of Aodan M'Gaburan, King
of the Scots; and it was ruled till the beginning of tlie
next century by two sons of Aodan in succession as
viceroys. Edwin, King of Northumbria, wrested it from
the Scots about 625, but held it with such uncertain
grasp that it reverted to them at his death in 633. It
continued with the Scots through three more reigns; be-
came the subject of disputed succession in 755; seems
thence, for years, to have been a scene of troubles; and
reverted in 825 to the dominion of North Wales. A
partition of the Welsh kingdom among three sons of the
king took place in 877; and Man was then made a sepa-
rate kingdom, and assigned to Anaraud. But that prince
became feudatory to Alfred the Great, and was the last
of the Welsh princes who reigned in Man. The Norse-
men, or Danes and Norwegians, were then making de-
scents on the islands and coasts of Briton; and tuey seem
to have driven Anaraud to seek protection from Alfred
the Great. Harold Haarfager, King of Norway, and
subjugator of the Hebrides and the Orkneys, invaded
Man in 888, and drove Anaraud from the throne. Jarl
Ketit Bjomson was appointed viceroy under the new re-
gime, claimed the sovereigntj' for himself and became in-
dejiendent in 890, and was succeeded on the throne by
first his son and then his grandson. The natives re-
belleil against his grandson, and expelled him; and they
appear to have been thence, for a time, without any
settled OTVcmment. Orrey, or Orry, a Danish marauder,
who had overrun the Hebrides and the Orkneys, arrived
with a strong fleet, in some early ye.ir of the lOlh cen-
tury, on the shores of ilan; and was readily accepted by
the people as their king. His son and successor, God-
red I., came to the throne in 947; is said to have been
the founder of Rushcn Castle; and died iu 954. I'egiuald,
Olave I., Olain, Allan, Fingal I., and Godred II., fol-
lowed in succession. Macon, son of the King of Dublin
and high-admiral of King Edgar of Englaml, in 973,
swept the British seas with a powerful fleet, took pos-
session of the sovereignty of Man, and assumed a.s the
Royal Manx coat of arms a ship in fuU sail, — a coat of
arms which was afterwards adopted by tlie lords of the
isles, and may be seen on many monuments in lona.
Godred III., the brother of Macon, succeeded him on
the throne; and appears to have defended it, in 986, in
a battle against invaders. Reginald II., of the line of
Orrey, succeeded in 996; Suibne, succeeded in 1004, and
was fihiin in defending his throne agaiust Jarl Torfin of
Orkney in 1034; Harold I., the son of Suibne, v.as the
next successor, and reigned till 1040; Godred IV'., son
of the Danish king of Dublin, was the next successor;
and Fingal II., the sou of Godred IV., succeedi'd in
1076. Godred V., or Godred Crovan, the son of Harold
the Black of Iceland, invaded iLan in 1077, slew Fingal
II. in battle at Sky-Hill, and took possession of the
throne; and he afterwards seized Dublin and great part
of Leinster, and made overawing deawnstratious ag.iiust
the Scots, ilagnus Nudipes, the piratical king of Nor-
way, in 1093, after baring overrun the Hebrides and
part of Scotland, invaded ilan.. and djove Godied V.
from the throne. A viceroy was cppointed by him to
govern Man; but an opposition viceroy was soon set up
by a portion of the inhabitants; and a'great battle, fatal
to both, was fought, in 109S, at Stantway in Jurby.
Magnus Nudipes returned a few days after the battle;
found the island in a state of devastation from the eflects
of the civil war; restored it to a condition of order; sailed
from it to tho subjugation of Anglesey and Galloway;
turned his arms then against Ireland; and was surprised
and slain near DowBpatrick in 1103. Harold GiUie, the
youngest son of JIagnus, made claim to the throne of
Man, but was rejected by the people. Lagman, the
eldest sou of Godred V., was accepted by them Ln 1101;
but he soon provoked their disobedience by acts of
tyranny; and, under cover of a pilgrimage to the Holy
Land, he abdicated in 1111. Olave II., the j-oungost
son of Godred V., was then called to the throne; and he
had the advantage of having been trained in the courts of
William Rufus and Henry I. of England; but, although
he ruled well for a time, he did things which produced
subsequent complications and disasters. Godred VI.,
the son of Olave II., succeeded at the Litter's death in
1154; he had l>eeu educated at the court of Nor.vay ; he
became competitor for the crown of Dublin in 1155, au.i
obtained it; he encountered battle by hostile fleets at
Ramsey bay in 1156, 115S, and 1164 ;'hc lost the crown
of Dublin by the first battle, lost the crown of Man by
the second, and regain'rd that crown by the third; and
he died at Peel Castle in 1187, and was carried for burial
to lona.
Reginald III., a natural son of Godred VI., usuqied
the throne to the prejudice of a legitimate son; w;^ re-
fused recognition by the court of Norv.-ay ; rendered
fealty to John of England; created a precedent for all
his successors bein^ treated as feudatories of the English
crown ; constituted himself also a vassal of the see of
Rome; provoked his subjects eventually to depose him,
in 1226, in favour of his legitimate brother, Olave HI. ;
fled to the protection of the thane of Galloway: mado
two descents on Man, in 122S and 1229, with design to
recover possession ; and was defeated and slain, in the
latter year, at T}-nwald-hilL Olave III. did homage first
to Henry III. of England, next to Haco Hagenson of
Nonvay; and died in 1237. Harold II. succeeded him;
married a daughter of Haco of Norway in 1248; :ir.d
perished at sea on his way back to Man. Reginald IV.,
the second son of Olave III., succeeded to the throne,
but was soon murdered by the brother of Reginald III.
Iilagnus, a surviving son of Olave III., was then heir to
the throne, but did not obtain possession tUl 1252; he
rose to it over a course of usurpation and confusion; he
took recognition of his rights from the roigjung kings of
Norway and England; he assisted Haco of Norway, in
1263, in his expedition against Alexander III. of Soot-
land; he aftenvards, on the failure of ttiat expedition, did
homage to Alexar.der, and made himself a feudatory of
the Scottish crown; and he dieil, without issue or direi t
heir, in 1265. Alexander of Scotland, then, in vinuu
of a cession by ifagnus of Norway, who had the neaic-it
claim to the throne, took possession of !Man as an ap-
panage of the Sco:ti>h crown. The Manx resisted him,
and set up a remote relative of their late king ; but w ero
beaten in a battle at Roualdswayin 1270, and compelled
to submit. Alexander suppresseil Man's old armorial do-
vice of a .ship i:i full sail, which had continued to be used
by all its kings from the time of ilacon ; and ho gave, in-
stead of it, tlie device which it still retains, of three le^rJ
MAX.
253
ilANATON.
ci'a t-r^.T It. amv-^r, witli thu mofto "Qiiocunque jeccris
staLi-_" TLe island w^s ral^ J by lieutenants of Alcx-
aii.ier zs21 his deatli in 12S5; it suffered severely from the
opjC'esiive conduct of one of tho^e lieiiteriauts in lii74; it
■jiaivri isto Loafosicti ruid luisjry auiid the rival claims
to the 5-;oTtiih throne, consequent on Alexander's death;
it wii mr.iferrr-i to Edwird I. of England, hy the Scottish
conTii-«:ouc-rs, in 1259; aud it formally acknowledged
E'Vjr-iri's rale, and rtnouaced all fealty to any rejiresen-
t-iiivr? of its old quoadam kinp;, in 1290. Edward I.,
in 12C-2, L'ive it back t'j John Baliol of Scotland, to be
Jj'Ii ly rdm, lik-i his other dominions, of the crown of
ZL^-"i::d; Ed-vird II. revoked it from Scotland; and,
12 one ysar, be=to'.veJ it successively ou three of his
fav.nr.tcs. Robert Emce made a descent on it at Eam-
sey ia 1313; r-^'eeded to Douglas and Castletown; laid
s:-,-? to Rusht-a Cistle, and got possession at the end of
s-::iir5rbat mor^ thin three months; and, on acquiring
msterj of the entire island, gave it to Randolph, Earl of
Mcray" as a rrf of the Scottish crown. A body of Irish
Eii.-autlt-rs, ia 1316, invaded the island at Ronaldsway;
l-=at tir iuhaoirants in an engagement at Wardfell;
ri;ajie>J over tir islauil, for a month, in a course of plun-
der; ari then, liden -vrith booty, returned to their ships.
Kol«rt B.n^-e and Edward III., in 1327, made a treaty,
thit, i- the event of ilaa rJ5ir!g against Scotland or
Irvlaid igaitLft England, neithur king should give as-
siitan V: .v'-!:::~r the Other. But a female descendant of
the iaft 'lani kirg ha^'ing revived her claim to the sov-
€7cist;Tj of the island, and made an appeal for protection
to EJv.-rd III., that monarch, in 1333, sustained the
Validity of her title, gave her in marriage to Sir William
<!•.- ilcn:a:u:e, Liranted to Sir William a limited right to
the CTos-n of Man, and afterward-S, in 1337, created him
Zarl of S'lliicary. The Scots for a time, especially in
resalt of EdTT.iT'i F.aliDl swearing fealty to Edwaid III.
in lS3i, r-i5:=tc-i ilontacute, and retained possession of
^ii-^. Moiit-ioute, nevertheles-s, was regarded very
Uk7».'T3~5My by the natives, as a sort of legitimate repre-
sentative of their own proper kings; and he eventually
siiCiee-ie^l in eipeliip.g the Scots; yet, in his efforts
CT^ihaZ tiiecj, he so far outran his means as to be obliged
to jscni-ije tie island for seven years to Anthony Bee,
tishop of lJ;,rham; an 1 the bishop obtained from Richard
II. a 'grant 'f it for life. It reverted, at the bisho{)'s
d-e^tii,""r-'> WiilLam, second Earl of Salisbury; was sold by
LtTi. ia \Zj'i, to Sir William Scroop, afterwards Earl of
WiitsLire; w.is given, at that nobleman's attainder, to
He-.rr ?ercy, £.;rl nf Nonhumberland; passed from him
al=y It dttair.ic-r in only four years; and then, in 1400,
■wi.; givea to Sir Jo'ioi Stanley, whose descendant, in
lii-j, tras creitel Eirlof Derby. The island remained
■w::;. the Stanleys, though 5\~th some contests as to suc-
c>-.-:"j3, and with some partial alienations, till the for-
lci-;:re and oieciition of the seventh Earl of Derby in
loJi. It WIS seized by the parliamentary forces soon
eft-r tLit nob!:-man's death; was given by parliament to
Jv.tI Fiirfis; revert •'•1, at the Restoration, to the Derby
fanijj: rsaia-r.^l with them till th'j death of the tenth
Hii'l. Tithout L>iu?, in 1735; and then went to James
3Iurr-v, sec-j::! Dike of Athole, as descendant of a
VLiuglier of the seventh Earl of Derby. The British
govcH-ntent laade overtures to that nobleman for the
pTzrchii* of the iil.tnd, but were not successful. Ue died
in i7')i. .ind wjs s-.ijceeded by his nephew. The British
i;overr:.tr:ei;t r.. 1 le overtures again to the new possessor;
ar.'i, in 170.>, obt.iined from him a surrender of the
i-^l.-.!:i's rev-nues, ex-Ju-iive of the niauoriul rights, for
£:v,-y.-0 and an annuity of £2,000. The third Uuke of
Atiic.Ir: succ-cied in 177-1; ]K:titioned parliamout, in 17S1,
17l''.', and \b';ii, for restoration of jiart of the revenues;
obtai-lfi, 12 t;:c hiit of these years, restored right to a
fi'Crtii Tiart cf them, afterwirds commuted to i:3,000 a-
veir; a:.d £n.'.Lly. in 1S2.J, surrendered all his remaining
Int-.rat in th* island to thj British crown for X-110,1H.
The aatiquities o.'' jl.iii are very numerous and various.
S^Ol^ circles aViun i in every parish; and some of them
jjijvar to ha"j b-efi Druid: .a! temples, others to have been
(i,i;fc3 of Dr-iiicjl ^opuitVLre. Cist;>, or low stone graves
are often turned up by the ])l.>ugh. Tall uninscrihej
stones, such as the heathen Norsemen erected to tha
memory of heroes, occur in various jdaces; and two of
them, near Mount Gawne and aV>ove Bort-.St. Mary, are
called Gi.ints' Quoiting-stones. Br. tows are very numer-
ous; and five of them, at Fairy-liTTl, Croiik-ny-Marroo,
Cronk-ny-VowIan, Cronk-Aust, and Cronk-ny-Dooincy,
are specially remarkable. Caiins also occur; and two,
called Cloven-stones and Orrey's-Grave, continue in their
pristine state. Ancient crosses, either runic or otherwise
inscribed, are very plentiful; and so many as forty ap-
pear to be Scandinavian, while nine are probably later
than the Scandinavian times. Two stone weapons, and
a considerable number of iron one.s, including a battle-
axe, a large gauntlet, and dilTereut kinds of swords, have
been found. Numerous coins, chiefly Anglo-Saxon, Kor-
man, and English, have been found; but no Xoree or
Danish ones have been discovered. Ancient earthen forts
are at Ballaehurry, Castleward, Ferk, Balla-Nicholas,
Corvally, and Hango-Brough ; old stone fortifications are
on South Barrule, on Hango-hiU, at Derby Fort, and at
Rushen Castle; remains or vestiges of Treen chapels or
oratories, are numerous; remains of monastic buildings
are at Rushen Abbey, at Bechmaken- Friary, and near
Douglas; and ruins of a cathedral, an ancient church, a
fine ancient round tower, and other ecclesiastical build-
ings, together with a large tumulus and remains of an-
cient civil buildings, are at Peel.
MANACCAN, a village and a parish in Ilelston dis-
trict, Cornwall. The village stands near the coast, 6J
miles SSW of Falmouth r. station; and has a post-office
under Helston, Cornwall, and fairs on 21 March and 17
Oct. The parish comprises 1,718 acres of land, and 125
of water. Real property, £2,311. Pop., 505. Houses,
96. The property is divided among a few. Kestell, an
old seat, belonged to the Kestells, and passed to the
Lemons. The metal titanium was first found here, in the
stream of Tregonwell-mill, by the late Rev. W. Gregor;
and the mineral containing it is a titaniferous iron, aud
has been called manaccanite or grcgorite. An ancient
double-entrenched camp is at Resninrdcn, and Roman
coins have been found near it. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £193.* Patron, this
Bishop of Exeter. The church is ancient, and was re-
stored anil enlarged in 1S24. There are chapels for Inde-
pendents aud Wesleyans, aud a national school. Vestiges
of an ancient chapel are at Tregonwell. The Rev. R.
Polewhele, author of a history of Cornwall, was vicar.
JtANACLE.S, a group of rocks off the SE coast of
Cornwall; near the shore of St. Keverne parish, and 10
I'viles SSE of Falmouth. They rise but slightiy above
w-nt' ', have sunk rocks near them, and are da:iger-^-us
duriug an E mud and ebb tide. The emigrant ship
"John" was wrecked on them in 1S55, aud 191 of the
persons on board were drowned.
MANACHLOGDDU. See Mox.vchlocdi.u.
MANAFON, a parish in Newtown district, Mont-
gomery; on the river Rhiew, 2^ miles S by E of Idau-
fair, and 8.^ SW of Welshpool r. station. It contain^
t'ue township of Manafon-Llan, ^lanafon-Gaynog, .Mai'a-
fon-Llys, and Dwj-ricw; and the l.ist of these includes
the hamlet of Dolgv.-ynfelyu. Post-town, Llanfaiv
Caercinion, luider Welshpool. Acres, 6,C35. Ri-a! pro-
perty, £4,091. Pop., 701. Hou.'es, 141. Thejivperty
is much subdivided. The surface is variously undiihtt-
ing, hilly, and moorish. The liviug is a rcct'.ry in the
diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £400.* Patron, the
Bishop of St. Asaph. Tiie church is ancient, be(Mi;ie
very dilapidated, and was recently restored. Clnritl..-,
£5.
MANANNAN'S CHAIR, nn artificial hcaj) in th-^ I.^l.;
of Man; near Tj-nwald hill, 4^ miles ESE ol i'ee!. It ii
supposed to have been tl-.o seat of a Druidical (.lii:f: and
it takes its name from a fabled iie'rcmau.ier, wlio is
alleged tT have hcM tlie island under liis sway by a pell,
and to have been converted to Claistianity by St. J'^aiick.
MAXATCiN, a village and a parish in Xewton- Abbot
district, Devon. The village stands on an eminence ou
tht E side of Dartmoor, ami'! wild and beautiful sceiierv.
MAXBY.
251
MAXCHESTER.
J^i miles S by AV of Moreton-IIampsteaJ t. station. The
parish corupiisas 6,393 acres; ajiJ its post-town is !More-
ton-Hanipstead, umlcr Exeter. Keal property, £2,332.
Pop., 415. Houses, 63. The property is divided among
a few. Tlio surface is studded with Tocks and tors; in-
cludes some singularly shaped hills; and abounds in
romantic scenery. Many sjjots are attractive to tourists;
some present features of rich beauty; and a little rivulet,
culled the Becky Fall, exhibits much variety, diving for
a time undergroumi, running afterwards through a
wooded dell, and then foiming a fine cataract over a
precipice of about 100 feet. Several small tin mines are
near the boimdaiy. An enclosure of loo.>>e stones is at
Griraspound; includes several minor enclosure^; and is
thought by some TVTiters to have been u work of the
Dmids ; but is more likely to have been a stannary court
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. 'Valr.e,
£230.* Patron, the Rev. W. Carwithen. The church
is later Engli.sh, in good condition; and has a good screen.
There are a Wesleyan chapel, and charities £22.
MAN BY, a paiish, with a village, in Louth district,
Lincoln; 3 miles NE of Legbourne r. station, and 4 J E
by S of Louth. Post-town, Louth. Acres, 1,460. lieal
property, £2,0SS. Pop., 210. Houses, 47. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. The manor belongs to S.
T. Scrope, Esq^. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Lincoln. Value, £4S2. Futron, the Rev. J. Waite.
ITie church is late perpendicular, in good condition; and
consists of nave and chancel, with a tower. There is a
Wesleyan chapel.
MAN BY, a hamlet iu Broughton parish. Lincoln; i\
miles WNW of Ghuil'ord-Brigg. Manby.llall is the seat
of the Earl of Yaiborough.
JIAN (Calf of). See Man and Calf of Man.
MAKCETTER, or Manokstek, a village and a parish
in Athcrstuue district, Warwick. The vill.-vje stands
adjacent to Watling-strcet, the rii.'er Anker, the bound-
ary with Leicestershire, the Trent Valley railway, and
the Coventry canal, 1 mile SE of Athcrstone; occupies
part of tlia site of the Roman station Manduessedum;
and, together with the neighbourhood, has furnished a
considerable number and variety of Roman relics. Pop.,
355. Houses, 97. The parish contiuns also the town-
ship of Atherstone, and the hamlets of Oldhnry and
ilartshill; and its post-town is Atherstone. Acres,
4,120. Real property, £21,637; of which £398 are iu
quarries. Pop., 5,403. Houses, 1,239. The proj-erty
is much subdivided The Jlanor House is the residence
of Viscount Curzou; Mancetter House, of J. 11. Harper,
Esq.; iUucetter Lodge, of C. AUistou, Esq.; and Old-
Lury Hall, of C. H. Okeover, Esq. i;ot)ort Glover, who
lived in the manor house, and Jlrs. Lewis, v.ho was al.so
a resident iu the parish, were martyred for religion in
respectively 1555 and 1577. The living is a vicai-age in
the diocese of Worcester. Value, £23U.' Patrons, the
chnrcli Patronage Sociity. The church .stands on an
t'lnincncc, within the limits of the anicient Roman st-xtion;
d.ites from the middle of the 14th century; consists of
nave and chancel, with a tower; and contains monuments
to Robert Clover and 3Irs. Lewis. The vicai-ages of
Atherstone and HartshUl are sejiarate benefieej. There
are three dissenting chapels, a Roman Catholic chajjel,
a Benedictine nunnery, a free school, and a girls'
national school, in Atherstone; two disscutiiig cha{<els,
two endowed schools, and a national school, in Harts-
liill; and eleven alms-houses, from a bequest of £2, UOO,
in .Mancetter villau'c.
MANCHESTICR, a city, a township, a district, a
parish, and a diocese iu Lancashire. The city .stands at
an intersection of Roman roads, on the riverj Irwell, Irk,
and Jledlacl-c, at the termini of variou-i c:ii:'ds, aud at a
C(mvevgence of railTvays, 31 nules W by N of Livei-pool,
85 N.WV of Birmingham, aud ISS^}- NW of London.
Railways go from it, in all directions, to all jarts of the
king.l'jni; canals gix'o it water comniunicati m witlx the
eastern and the western seas, and with most parts of
England; .and conveyance-!, of all suitable kinds, coimect
it with places not tmichcd by railway or canal.
llisti'iy. — The site of the cit}' was originally a dense
forest. A Celtic tribe, calletl .Setantii or Sistuntii, sre
Siipposed to have taken pussessiou of it about 500 yeai.i
before the Chiistian cm, to have remained uc molested
on it for about five centitrie.s, and to have been sud-
denly invaded aud subdued by tlie tribe of Brlgante.^!
from Yorkshire. Tho PwOctuUis, under Agricola, subju-
gatcil tho Brigantes in the year 79 ; aJi.l they are sup-
posed to have immediately constructed four foitaliccs on
the site of Manchester. The place is said to have been
called ilancenion by the Britons; it wa-s c.dled Man-
cunium or Mannicium by the Pu)man3; and it afterwards
took the names of Majugeeastro and Maiaecestre, re-
spectively among the Saxons and at tlie Nonnan con-
quest. A regular Roman town is supposed to have been
formed near theptrncipal Roman fortalice, in the years SO,
81, and 82; and was the meeting-point of four principal
Roman roads. The town is Ivlieved to have e.-ctended
from Castlefield northward aiid easbvartl, and to have
been bounded by the line of the present .-\ldport-lane and
Tickle-street Many Roman remains, including some
urns and other pottery, mimerous coins, aud an altar,
have been found T\-ithin tliese limits. X manufacture of
woollen is supposed to have been introduced, by the Bri-
tons, to MancLTiion from Ganl, and to have been im--
proved by the Romans. The Britons regained possession,
after a period of about four centuries, at the retiring of
tlie Romans; but ihey were soon obliged to give way to
the Saxons. !MaDchest-jr f.g-jres in o40 as a to^n of
Northunibria; and seems to have then been a frontier
place between the iforriinmbriaus ou tia' N and E and
the MtTc-ans cu the S. A thane w.os pUical over it early
iu the 7th centnr}-, and is said to have resided on the
site of Chelhams hospLtiL Chiii,tianity had then made
progiess among the i?axons; and a pari.sh church ap-
pears to have been built at Manclto-.ter, soon after
Os^-ahl, king of Northumbria, foundel York cathe-
dral. The l)anes ma.le severe attacks on the town,
pillaged it, slew many of its inhal)iLints, and reduced
much of it to nmn; yet met-\vith detenaiiied and long
resistance. Salford had then come into existence as a
separate town; sastainrd less injury tluin JIar.ehester
from the Danes; and, at the division of England into
counties and hundreds in SvO, w.is made the head of the
hundred in which Manchester is rituatC'i Idauchcster
was thus jiolitic-ally depressed below Salford; but, about
thiity years afterwards, it was rebuilt audjiartly fortiiiud,
re-assumed its original impoi-tance, aud extended its
bounds. A principal town-miU then stood near the quon-
dam Roman station at Castlefield; took afu.Twards the
name of Kuute-mill from King Canute, who is supposed
to have passed through Manchester in his march toward
Cumberland against the Scots; and li.i.< be<[iwathed its
name, iu the aJtered form of Knott-mill, to the spot on
which itistooiL Another town-mill, known as the School-
mill, stood on the Irk, and gave rise to the name there-
of Old Millgate. Manchester figures in Domesday book,
aud hail tlien two churches. The m.inor had Wen in-
cludctl, at'the Norman conquest, Ln the extensive terri-
tory given to Roger of Poii-tou; it had been settled as a
sej^rato manor, shortly aJ'tc-r the Don.esday survey, in
favour of .\lbert de Gresley; it continued with the Dc
Gresleys till the time of E Iv.-ard IL; it jiassed then to the *
Delawarrs, and continued with them till the 29:h year
of Henry XL ; it then parsed to the Wests, aud coutiuued
with them fill the time of Sir Wiliiarn West, who was
cre;ited Baron DelawaiT by Queen Elizabeth; it was sold by
that nobleman's son iu 157U, for £3,000, to John La^ve,
Esq., of London; it was re-sold by L.icyc in 159'!, "for
£3,500, to Sir Nicholas Mosley, also of'London; it re-
mained with the ^losleys till isti, though an abortive
attempt was made to sell it to the corporation in ISOv
and it was finally .sold in 1545, by Sir Oswald Moile}', to
the corjioratiou, for £200,000.
jilanche-ster dates its main pro.^pority from the intro-
duction of improved woollen nianu'.'aetures, and tlie set-
tlement of Ek-mings, in the time of Edward HI. The
miiuufacturcs eventually took the naine of Manehester
cottons, but really, for a long tin>e, were all woolliMis.
A law was ei.acted by Edward HI., proidbiting everv
MANCHESTER.
255
MANCHESTER.
(»r-5.io frar.i treariaraar cloth ercc^pt of English fabric;
ocd :L^t I'rv o:Jcr:u«d j.c^erfully to develop and snstaiu
Sir Mai.che^t'jrniuiiVifactdr&i. Cotton was firs'' brought
to iL?-;laU'i LToni Saiyma some timo prior to 1501; aud
b 3Tr«aMi to iave K.-coriie con>iaerably workoii in Man-
chei'ir totrirds tliecUisa of the 1 o tli century. Manchester
ro=«- il.->wly but s;?.idi]y iato repute and mac^itude 03 a
cict-iTi:; t.''3~J: end, at the tune ■rehea Leland wrote, it was
desi:r-bed by him as "the /direst, quickest, and most
poT>ci :)n3 to rn in Lanca-shire. " An act of S3 Henty YIII.
siaus tiai " the inliiibitaats of Manchester hare obtained
riches a:;d r.-fs.lthy living and have employed many ar-
tL'. "-iTS an i TvMDr f jlks, " inducing "strangers from Ireland
ani »ls<-.vhere" to bring iheir " linena, yaraa, wool, and
ctoer cecssiary warei," to efcU there. The privilege of
jcLncr^ary vris c^-eii to the town in 1510, bnt was re-
moToi hcXZ year to Chester. TJio manufactures appear
to Cive rai'idiy increased in the latter part of Henry
VKL's reijra, 'and in the three following reigns. An
Bit T-'Es Y^^Jxd in the 5th year ef Edward VI., ordering
thjl "all r-:ttons calhd Manchester, Lancas'hire, and
CkntXiT cczz.jixi," should be of certain dimensions and
weirht; ard another was passed in the Sth of Elizabeth,
rt>jiirr:;j: that ti:a cottons should bear the seal of the
<^>CTeo"s aiiii.jger. A brief account, written in 1650, de-
i;rir<3 ice 3>annfa-jtaTcS of ilanchester as *'wooll«n
.*rirc<s, f;iz-r;.ius, sackcloth.^ mingled stuffs, caps, inkles,
LT.«s, poii;3, ic-, in the prodnctiou of which, mjen,
tc-ccn* aiid children were employed." But the course
o: ]n.'5per.r.- was tenif>oi-arily interrupted at several
[^ri-;-i5, in 1365, 1557, 1590, 1605, and 1645, by visita-
tioiis of Tj"ir>ie, suppostd to have bern oecasioned by cot-
t'-iD iinTi^.rrcd in hirge quantities from Smyrna. The vlsi-
tirioa c.: 1605 destroyed about one-fifth of tte popnla-
riv-n; and that of l'ji5 was still more severe, causing
C'r:i^lete saiiy^ension cf trade, entire desertion of the mills,
acJ. rf.ikir.i; sncL liivrc among the people that collections
of -.coEey for th* rolief of tha survivors were taken in all
'hi sirrrcuiding towns and in the metropoli-, and £1000
wij Tote-: by pariiamenc A 'great dearth also occurred
In 15Sc, izi-l a rrtat flood in 1616.
llaijfi^riter declared against the King at the com-
iTc-ttcemrnt of the civil wais of Charles I.; it -was ap-
jircichei by Lord Strang?, ;it the he;id of a force, on be-
loll cf the King, in the spring of 1642, bat refused to
sd.'ait Lim; it imroediatelj- uaden\'ent fortification \\ith
lon-i walls and with chains and pos-ts to resist attacks by
aay great force; it Wits assaulted by Lord Strang'-^, on 5
Jciy. anl again ten days afterwanls, with the cll'ect of
I. 5 btiLg C'-'nipietoly repulsed; and it was besieged by
L:!E, with a foive of 5,000 men, during sit da3-s in Sep-
tfS'l^r, bnt compelled him to ri-tira. A depression in
its t^^de was caus-d by the rebellion of 1715, but was of
ih-in d'.ir2rion. The rebel army of IViirce Charles Ed-
\T»rd eDi..re<l it on -5 Nov. 1745, raised a regiment in it
<. f ar^jut 200 men, left it on 3 Dec. in progress to Derb\',
txf-^rr.in-l i: in retreat on 8 Dec, levied a contribution
<f i5,0'-0 on its inhabitaiits, and finally left it on the
if. A serious riot, occa-sioned by dearth of pro'visions,
4.«rc':rrvsi in 1 757. A great impetus to trade ^vas given
liT the maiin^ na'vigi'.ble the livers Mersey and Irwell,
from Liverpool to Manchester, uuder an act passed in 1720;
tad by the formation of the Bridgewater canal in 1758-61.
An eartncuake, -nhich so shook the ground as to make
tke belli of sevcr.d churches ring, was felt in 1777. A
vo'r.int«r corps of aVrat 6,000 men vczs embodied in
15^13. to stind prepared against the threatened invasion
«y the Fr-neh. Serious disputes between the employers
arid the worki.-.en occnrred in 1808, 1812, and 1813; and
they ulririately look a j.olitical form, and cidniinated in
z-xi, gr^t radic^tl meetings at St. I'eter's Field in 1819.
TLe second of tliese inectiugs took place on 16 Aug.;
was attended by aliout 60,000 pcr.-;ons; and was coniiml-
sorily dispersfi hy the yeomanry cavalry corps, with tlio
i-ne^t that eight [lersons wer; killed, about 600 wounded,
acd several of the speakers imprisoned. .Severe desti-
ta*:v>u prevailed a;."ong the operatives in 1825-6; tliou-
sarid-, f )r ll.o sake .-..f partial vi-ViL-f, were employed on
the roads: a'v;;! 1 1,000 received eleemosynary assist-
ance in sonp, meal, and other food; and not a few brobe
eventnallv into riot, with cticcts of bloodshed andcapi!.-.!
crime. Similar events oecurred also in ISiJ. Xi:j
rliolera mado fcai.fiil ravages in 18.32-3. The Bank of
Mjuichestcr stojiped paj'ment in 1842, and cccasioriod
losses to the amount of 'i'SOO.OOO. Lord ,Tol:n Russell,
then prime minister, visircil thocitj'in 1S50; and Queen
Victoria risited it in 1551 and 1857. The colton famine
of 1S51-5 threw large numbers of the operatives cut t f
emrployment, and gave a strong check to the progress ci"
mannfacture, y^.t wxs not attended by any disturbance of
the pahlic peace; and it eventually yielded to the im-
portation of cottons from India, Egj-pt, and Brazil, and
to the cessation of the American war.
Among distinguished natives or residents of jranchcs-
ter have been, — Lord Delawan, rector of the parish nul
founder of the collegiate chnrch, who died in 1427; liu^h
Oldham, founder of the Manchester grammar school and
bisbop of Exeter, who is supposed to have been a native,
and died in 1519; John Bradford, a native, -vvho was
martyred at Smitlifield in 1555; Dr. John Dee, a resi-
dent in 1595, warden of Manchester, and accused of nec.o-
mancy, who died tn 1603; John Booker, a native in
1601, an astrologer, the author of the *' Bloody Alma-
nac," wjio died in 1667; John Bvrom, poet and steno-
grapher, bom at Kersall in 1691 ; Francis, Dnke of
Bridgewater, who died in 1803; Kev. John 'U'hitaker,
a native, an antiquary, the author of the "History 0!
Manchester," who died in ISOS; Dr. AVorthingtou, a na-
tire and a theologian, who died in 1671; Faidkaer, a
native, a Jesuit, the author of the " History of Patr.go-
nia," who died in 1794; Thomas Henry, a celebrated
chemist, resident in 1764; Dr. Wm. Henry, son of. the
S receding, and also a celebrated chemist; Dr. D.iJton, the
iscoverer of the atomic theory, a resident upwards of
40 years; Barritt, the antiquary, a resident; Farringdon,
the painter, a resident; the first Sir Robert Peel, n:any
years a merchant in Manchester, where he accumulated
an enormous foi-tune. and who died in 1S50; !Miss M. J.
.Fewsburj', or Mrs. Fletcher, a resident, the author of
"Lays of Leisure Ho-jrs" and other poetical works, who
died in 183$; Miss G. E. Jewsbnry her sister, novelist;
Henry Liverseege, the painter, born herein 1SC3; Charles
Sv.-uin, the poet, bom here in 1S03; T. K. Hervey, au-
thor of vari-oits poetical works; W, H. Ainsworth, a na-
t-rvx, the author of "Jack Shcppaid" and other works:
Thomas da Quincey, aiithor of "Confessions of an Eng-
lish Opinui Eater," aud of many other works, said to have
btfon born in the house known a^ I'rincess-tavcin in
Cross-street, comer of Princess-street; Samuel Bamford,
a rt-sideut, poet and prose writer; J. C Prinne, a resi-
dent, poet; iliss Isabella Varley, (Mrs. G. L. Banks), a
native, poet aud novelist; Mrs. llaukshaw, a resident,
poet; and Jlrs. Jlmshall a resident, and the author of
several popular juvenile ■works. JLuichester gives the
title of Diike to the family of Montagu.
Site mid SlrKcttcre.—Tlie city stanils paitly on a plain,
and partly in the valley of the Irwell. The coiiutiy
around it, for miles, is slightly undulating, but chietiy
flat. Some beautiful walks are in the ininiediato neigk-
bonrhood; but objects of art, rather than any fea-
tu.-es of nature, adorn even the best portions cf the eu-
^i^ as. The extensive circumjacent tract, as seen f;"Ui
the nearest range of hill, looks not a little chaniiing, but
does so, not from its proper characters as a landscape,
but from its profusion of groves, villas, mansions, ta.;--
tories, and towns, with Manchester in the centre, and
Stock-port, Ashton, Oldham, Bolton, Bury, and Middle-
ton in the distances. A stranger approaching the city,
by road or by railway, bids farewell to tlie amenities of
open scenery, makes speedy acqnaintaiice with tlie
smoke and noise of factories, sees the very sk}' ch.ingiv.g
from a clear to a greyi.sh blue, becomes sun'o-^nded v it.i
crowdeil indicatiutis of traf'ic and manufactme, and p.i^.-es
at last into what sceins almost a eh.103 of mills ai:il ware-
honse.i. The city has numerous and extensive sui'urbs,
but is itself romp.u-t and dense. TliC river Irwell, in a
tortnoiis course, separates Matu'lie.-.ter proper on the E
bank from S.dfoid on the W, in llic sav.ie =o:t tf wav vj
MANCHESTER.
256
MAKCII ESTEK.
ivliioh the Thames separates London from South wark;
and the rivers Iik aud Medlock intersect Manchester
proper, in courses to the Irwell. Tlie city, inclusive of
Salford, but exclusive of some subuibs, measures about 2
miles from E to W, and somewhat less from N to S.
The streets amount to upwards of 800; few of them are
Epacious, or of any considerable length; very many are
mere lanes or alleys; and great numbers are intersected
by canals or streams, or communicate with one another by
small bridges. Yet all, or most, are well paved; mul-
titudes run in straight lines and intersect at right angles;
the modern ones, especially in the S, are generally well
built, and of pleasing aspect; some of the main ones, in
the central portions, are wide and magnificent; and a
large proportion borrow splendour either from public
buildings or from tiie best shops and warehouses. The
older portions of the city, and tlie portions most occu-
pied by factories, are far from pleasant to lovers of the
Iieautiful; yet some vistas or places, such as in Piccadilly,
in Oxford Road, in King-street, in St. Ann'ssquare, in
St. Ann's- street, in Exchange-street, in Victoria-street,
and in Market-street, are eminently fine or striking; while
the best suburbs, containing the residences of the wealth-
iest merchants, and forming a sort of fashionable West
End, exhibit beautiful grounds, handsome crescents, and
long rows of ornate villas, with accompaniments of lawns,
shrubberies, and spacious gardens.
Great improvements have, for many years, been in
progress in the city. Outskirts which were straggling,
unsightly, or rural, are now covered with omamentil
suburbs. The very field of the great disastrous public
meeting of 1819, is now graced with one of the cliief and
most ornato of the public buildings, llany of the old
streets have been mo<lernized; and multitudes of crumb-
ling, plain, or ungainly houses have been replaced by
hambome new one?. A fine architectural taste, some-
times soaring into the ambitious, has pervaded the plan-
ning of new streets, and the erection of new buildings,
both private and public. Warehouses are a great feature,
forming huge ranges, aud filling streets after streets in
all directions; and they present a large aggregate of
beauty and magnificence, both in individual piles, and in
extensive street facades. Market-street, running eastward
from Market-place to Piccadilly, was so late as about
1S27 a mere disugieeable lane, only wide enough to ad-
mit one ordinary -sized vehicle, but is now, both for
spaciousness and for splendour, the first street in the
<;ity. ilosley - street, running south - westward from
Piccadilly to St. Peter's church, was not many years
ago an uninteresting place of private dwellings, but is
now mainly edificed with sjilendid warehouses, banks,
and public buildings; and other streets have, in great
degree, undergone a similar change. A new building
projected in 1S65, at the corner of Portlaud-stieet and
David-street, may be regarded as a good specimen of the
warehouses; presents a frontage of 220 feet to Portland-
street, and one of 410 feet to David-street; is in a
free Italian style, 60 feet high, all of Yorksiiire stone;
has, over the principal entrances, massive cornicfs rest-
ing on consoles and caryatides; is rounded at the angle
I'i the street, and strikingly oruamented there with
I .irving and a projecting balcony; and was estimated to
<'03t about £10,000. Other semi-public buildings are
similarly oruatnental. The Branch Dank of England,
ill I'all Mall aud King-street, is in the Doric style, after
liL-signs b}' Cockerel], aud was erected in 1847. The Man-
( iiester and Salford Bank in Jlosley-street, at the comer
of York-street, is in the Italian palatial style, and one
'f the finest buildings in the city. The Hoyal Insurance
I ):Rce is in the Italian Gothic style, bold and picturesque,
:i:i<l was erected in 1SG4. The Lancashire Insurance
• il.'i'je, at the corner of St. Ann's-square, is in a free Ionic
style, with incised decoration in the stone, and was
iiected in 1S6C. The Queen's Hotel, in Piccadilly, is
a massive, quadrangular, four-storied structu'e, in the
Italian style; anil has, at the principal entrance, a por-
tico aud balcon3'. Many ether buil. lings of the same
.lasses, and siniilarly ornamental, might be mentioned.
Public IiuildM'i>i. —The Town Hall stands at the
junction of King-street and Cross-street; was erected in
1822-4, after designs by F. Goodwin, at a co.-t of nearly
£40,000; is in the Ionic style, copied from the temple o'f
Erectheus at Athens; has a portico of five open inter-
columns, with an intercolumn at each end; has statues
.of Solon and King Alfred in niches at the sides of the
portico, and medallions of Pytliagoras, Lvcurgus, Sir
Isaac Newton, and Sir Matthew HaJe on the'atlic piinels;
is surmounted, at the centre, by a dome copied from the
octagonal tower of Audroniousj or Tower of the Winds;
contains a public room, 51 \ feet high to the ceiling of
the dome; a council-chamber, and numerous rooms
for municipal and police uses; and ha.s, in the entrance-
haU, beautiful marble busts of Queen Aictoria and the
late Prince Consort, and, in the staircase and elsewhere,
full length portraits of Sir ElkanahArmitage, Sir Thomas
Potter, Sir John Potter, Alderman Yv'atkins, Alderman
Neild, Mark Philips, Esq., Joseph Brothcrton,E3q., and
other local celebrities. A new large Town Hall, of splen-
did character, after designs by Alfred Waterhouse, was
foundedon theE sideof the recently-formedAlbert-square,
toward the end of 1863. There are town-halls also in.
Salford, Chorlton, Cheethain, Hubne, and Pendleton. —
The Free Trade hall stands Six Peter-street, on the scene
of the monster-meeting of 1S19; was built in lSo6, at
a cost of about £40,000 ; is in the Lombardo-Yenetian
style, after designs by E. Walters; has a frontage 159
feet long and 75 feet high, adorned with allegorical
sculptures by Mr. Thomas of Loudon; contains a great
hall 134 feet long, 7S feet wide, aiid 52 feet high, in tlie
Italian style, with a very elegant gallery around it, aud
with accommodation for about 5,000 persons; and con-
tains also an assembly room, with sittings for about 650
persons, a supper room above, of similar capacity, and
other rooms suitable for recreation.
The Royal Exchange stands in ilarket-}.lace, at tho W
end of Market-street ; was built in ISOC, after designs by
Harrison of Chester; nnderv.ent enlargement and im-
provement at several times, particularly in 1S56; pre-
sented to Market-street a circular front, roundid like a
ship, anil of very imjiosing a}ipearanoe, surmounted by
the Royal arms and by figures of commerce and niauu-
factures ; presented, at the op[iosite end, to St. Ann's
square and Bauk-street, an octostyle Doric portico 72
feet long, with fluted columns fully 4 feet in diameter
and 28 feet high ; and contained, besides other apart-
ments, a principal room 185 feet long and 82 feet wide,
divided into compartments by two rows of Ionic columns.
An act for a new Exchange, to .supersede the old one aud
partly on the same site, was obtained in tho summer of
1S66; provides for the closing of Ducie-street and Crow-
alle}', and for the purchase of any property required for
the e.xtension of the site ; and was followed, before the
close of October, by receipt of many competing designs for
the new building. The design for which the iTighest
award was given is by MiUs and ilurgatroyd. The por-
tico of the old Exchange, and many adjacent buildings,
were taken doivn, for clearing the ground, prior to ,AIay
1867, and the new edifice was in progress of erection in
the latter part of 186S. The area which it covered is
5,400 square yards. The exterior of the structure is of
stone ; a spacious Corinthian portico forms the principal
entrance; handsome doorways of granite fornj the 'jX\wv
entrances; a series of Corinthian decoration is carri.nl
round the entire bulMing; and an elegant cainpauile,
provided with wind-dial, is at the angle facing tlie ap-
pro.ioh from the principal railway stations. Tiie Ex-
change-room is tho largest in the world, having nearly
en acre of Boor-sjuice for the use of subscribers ; and tlieie
are numerous suites of oHices. — Tlie Corn Exchange
stands in Hanging Ditch: was built in 1837, at a ciTst
of £3,2.'i0; has a good fivntage, witli six L'uii: iiutci*
columns; aud "includes a hall SO feet long and 7m fvjel
wide, separated into three avenues by rows of ci nauienta!
cast-iron pillars.
The Assize Courts stand on the site of Stniiigeways
Hall, a suburban mansion of .>. 'me note till far into tlie pre-
sent centurj-; were built in lo64and (rovious years, after
designs by .Ufred WaterIlou^e, at a cost uf nearly £lvu,ui-i^
MANCfIf:ST£R.
257
ilANCH ESTER.
are in tho pointed style, English in its spirit, Italian in
its colourinj,'; measure '-'70 foet iu leiiytli, 150 feet in
width, and nfi feet in height to the cornice, or 92 feet to
the apex of the central gable; are surmounted, at the
centre, by a tower, with roof-spire 210 feet high ; and
consist exteiiorly of Darley-dale stone and grey Dal-
beattie granite, and interiorly of Yorkshire stone and
Forest of Dean giey freestone, with Peterh°ad gmnite
for columns and other ornameutal portions. The eleva-
tion is of three stories; the windows of the three floors
differ from one another in outline and design; the win-
dows in the base are deeply recessed squares, and each is
divided into two lights by a shaft of gnirite with foiiated
capitals; the windows of the middle or principal floor are
largo-pointed, single-arched, each of tluee lights, filled
in the head with geometric tracery; the windows of the
npper floor are double-arched and pointed, and have
broad carved archivolts; and spaces on the walls along
the front are adorned with the heads of the kings of
England from the time of Alfred the Great, and with the
arms of Manchester, Salford, Bolton, Ashtou, Staley-
bridge. Bury, Oldham, and Rochdale. The principal
front faces the SW; .stands 100 feet from the ce!;tre of
the line of Great Ducie-street; has a noble central porch
or pavilion, 40 feet wiile and 26 feet deep, surmounted
by a pediment with wheel window ; and terminates at
the ends in two lesser pa%-ilions or tower-like projections.
Another front faces the SE; is in South Hall-street; has
features dilfering much from those of the principal front,
yet iu perfect keeping with them; and, though less ex-
tensive, being only along the breadth of the entire edi-
fice, is more picturesque. The main entrance is by the
central porch of the principal front; and leads, through
a corridor, into a central hall 100 feet long, 48^ feet
wide, and 75 feet high. The N window of this hall is 32
feet high and 18 wide, of 7 lighti, tilled with stained
glass, illustrative of the signing of Magna Charta; the
S window is 30 feet high and 16 wide, of 6 lights, with
stained glass, containing the national, the duchy, the
county, and other coats of arms. A vestibule, beyond
the central hall, is formed by the body of the tower, a
square of 20 feet; contains the entrances to the judges'
retiring rooms, and to the j\iry and witnesses' rooms;
and has, on its right and its left, the Is'isi Prins and
Criminal courts. Each of these courts measures 59 feet
ly -15, and is surrounded by a wide corridor. The
Chancery court, the grand jury rooms, and some other
apartments are in the upper story. The judges' lodgings
are a hmdsome mansion, separated from the N end of
the courts by a yard, but connected with them by a
covered pass.ige; measure 1)2 feet by 98; and are similar
in style to the Courts, but plainer. The assizes were
first held in the new courts on 26 July, 1864.
The City Jail stands on a plot of 18 acres, in tho Hyde-
road, not far from Bellevue gardens; was built in
1847-50, and considerably enlarged in 1857; is sunounded
by a boundary-wall 20 feet high, and entered by a lofty
arched gateway; comprises a centre and five i-adiating
wings; contains cells for males in three of the wings, ceils
for fc-inales in a fourth, and chapel, hospital, and other
apartments in the fifth; includes porter's-lodge, govcr-
nor'f-hous?, and chaplain's-house at the entrance; jirL-sents
altogether an imposing appearance; and has capacity for
550 male and 239 female prisoners. — The New Bailey
prison, or Salford hundred house of correction, stands on
the Salford side of the Irwell, near Albert bridge; was
founded in 1787 uu pl.ms of the pliilantliropist Howard,
and ext-nded uiiil altered from time to time; is sur-
rounded by a lofty buundary-wall, with iron chevaux de
frisc; lixs turrets at the angles, with loop-holes for mu.s-
ketry ; comprises govtriior's-house, sessions-house, police
courts, and a main oblong building; and has cajiarity
for 406 nulu and 129 feniuli! prisoners. — The New Salford
hundred Jail stands immediately biliiml the As.^ize
Courts; was built in 1867 and jirevious years, after
designs by AllVecl "W'aterhouse; is in the r.yzantinc
htyle, witii some details of c.wly louml-aivh work, copied
from ciiifiees on tiiu banks of the I'o and the Khine;
foi-ijis an iiTegular parallelogram, on an area ol' C'i
acres ; is entered through an archway, exteriorly of shafts,
capitals, and deeply - rece.ssed mouldings, — interiorly
with groined and w.igon-lua'led vaulting ; and includrs
governor's -house, chief- warder's and porters' houses,
a males' prison, of ."^ix wings, with work-rooir.s, a cliapel,
end 912 cells, ,•'. females' prison, of four wings, with,
various apartments, and 380 cells, and a massive venti-
lating shid't 220 feet high. — New Police Courts, in
Minshull-street and Bloom-street, wore founded in 18CS;
cover an ar^a of 2.384 square j'ards; arc in the Itilian
pointed style; have a clock-towcr at the angle of thu
two streets ; and contain two police courts, each 200
square yards in Rjea, a court of quarter sessions about
220 square jTrds, a court of record about ISO square
yards, a grand jury room, magistrates' rooms, nnnierous
offices, other apartments, and prisoners' cells. The num-
ber of cases before the police magistrates in 1S67 was
19,118 of prisoners and 6,9L'?onsumnions, — inall26,117.
The Assembly Rooms, in York-street, Cheetham, were
built in 1860, after designs by Mills and Murgatroyd,
at a cost of above £14,000 ; present a plain exterior; and
contain a principal room SO feet long, 40 feet wide, and
40 feet high, v.ith a richl}- ornamented ceiling, divided
into three domical compartments. — The Free JIasons'
Hall was built in 1864; shows all tho three orders of
Grecian architecture in its fagade; and presents a fine
appearance. — The Post-Office stands in Brown-street;
was at one time used as a market, its chief room as the
manor court, and afterwards as the city police couvt; and
is a large but jdaiu buOeling. — The Chamber of Com-
merce has its offices in York Chambei's, King-street,
near the Towu Hall; was established in 1820; is one of
the most distinguished commercial institutions in the
world; and exercises great influence on all questions of
trade policy. — The Union Club is in Mosley-street, near
the Royal Institution; was established iu 1825;. numbers
about 400 member?, admitted by ballot; and has an
elegant stone building, after designs by W. Lane. The
Albion Club is in King-street; and one or two smaller
clubs are in the suburbs. — The Cavalry Barracks are in
Chester-road, not far from Hulme-St. George's church;
have accommodation for upwards of 300 men and horses,
besides commissioned and non-commissioned officers;
and include extensive grounds for luilitary exerciso.
The Infantry Bameks are in Regent - road, S.ilford,
not far from St. Bartholomew's church ; and have ac-
commodation for upwar'.ls of 700 men, besides officers.
— Several suites of Falilic Baths and W.Obh-houaes are in
the city and the suburbs. The oldest suiti', situ; ted in
Miller-street, was erectedin 1845, by public subsci~iption,
and by the proceeds of a grand fancy ball ; was improved
in 1856, by the proceeds (A another ball, held at the re-
opeuiug of the )>oya! Exchange; and proved eminently
popular and beneficial. Another suite, at Miles-Platting,
was opened in l!i5y<: and stands on ground presented by
Sir Benjamin Heywcod, Bart., who gave also £2,000
towards the erection. A third suite, including also a
laundr)' department, is in Greengate, Salford; was erected
in 1856, by a private company, at a cost of £6,763; and
forms a handsome building. Two other suite.<, likewise
with laundry departments, wore soon afterwards under-
taken by the same company, .'it Mayficid, London-road,
and in Strctford-road, Hulme. The Slretford-road suite
stands partly on the site of the old Chorlton work-
house; was erected in lo<60, at a cost of about £12,000;
is in the Lombardic style, of two stories, with an attio
in the centre; ainl measures 114 feet along the front in
Leaf-street, and about l}7[ feet along the Hank.
Victoria bridge cro^-ei the Irwell near the foot of Vic-
toria-street, nut far from t!:e Cathedral; was built in 1S39,
at a cost of £20,800; ai; 1 h:.5 an elliptical arch of 100 feet
in sjian, with a ri.>eof i'2 feet, and a roadway id feet wide.
Old .Salford bridge ocourued tlu site of Victoria bridge;
was erected in 1365; ha 1 three Gothic arclies of rule con-
structiim; was very r.^r.row; had a chapel on it, built
by Thomas de la B'.iofh : ami, prior to 1760, w;ls tho
only bridge connecting M.iuchister- proper with Sal-
ford. Blackfriars briiL-'^, over the Irwcl!, on the line of
Blackfriars-stroct, djwf; frr,';i Market-street, was built lu
2 K
MAirCHESTER.
258
MAXCHESTEK.
1S20, at a cost of £9,000 ; luis tliree arches ; and super-
Sfik'd a wooden bridge on the same site, erected by a
theatiical company from I^ondon. Albeit bridge, over
the Irwell, in the line of Bridge-street and adjacent to the
New Bailey prison, was built in lS-14, at a cost of £8,874;
las one arch; is free to the public; and superseded a toll-
bridge, erected in 1785. llegeut bridge, over the Irwell,
connecting Hulmo with rvegent-stroet in Salford, and dis-
tant about a mile from the Koyal Exchange, was built in
1S08 at the expense of Mr. Hall of Sunnyside; was under
toll till the close of ISiS; and then, with great ceremony,
was made free. Broughton bridge, connecting Broughton
vith Salford, was built as private property in 1806; has
three arches; and, about 1S54, in consequence of being
under toll, was the occasion of considerable excitement
among the surrounding inhabitants. Strangeways bridge,
connecting Strangeways with Salford, was built by sub-
scription in 1817 ; is a handsome cast-iron stnicture; and
exacts a poutage from all passengers, except the tenants
of Earl Ducie. Springfield - Lane bridge, connecting
Strangeways and Broughton with Salford by Springfield-
lane, was erected in ISoO; and is free to all passengers.
Broughton Suspension bridge, connecting Broughton
with I'eudleton by Broughton-lane, was built as piivate
property in 1S26; is a very handsome structure; exacts
a pontage from all passengei-s ; fell with a crash in 1831,
while a rifle cordis was passing over it ; and now is
propped with temporary piles on all days when large
crowds are expected to pass. Hunts Bank bridge, over
the Irwell, between Victoria station and the Cathedral,
was buQt in 1864, and has one iron arch. Hunts Bank
bridge, over the Irk, was built in 1825. Tlie other
Lridges are not of auy note. — The Prince Consort's monu-
ment stands in the centre of the recently-formed Albert-
square, and in the immediate vicinity of the new Town
Hall; was in.iugurated on 2-3d Januarj- 1867; and com-
prises a marble statue of the Prince bv'Mr. Koble, with-
in a Florentine-Gothic shrine, after "designs by Mr. T.
"VVoi-thington. The statue was the gift of the mayor, and
represents the Prince in the robes of the Order of the
Garter. The shrine is of white stone, with columns of
coloured marble; has a quadrilateral form, open at the
four sides, and crowned T\-ith a tall roofed spire; is de-
corated with relievi, carvings, tracery, crocketing, and
EjTnbolic scidptures ; rises to the height of about 80 feet;
and cost, without the statue, £6,250. Another monu-
ment to the Prince Consort stands in Peel Park, Salford;
was erected in 1864; and consists of a statue, also by Mr.
jS'oble, representing the Prince in his costume as Chan-
cellor of the UniverbityofCambridge. A fine bron2e statue
of Richard Cobden, by ifarshall Wood, representing
Cobden vrith hand uplifted and finger pointed, in the act
of adiiressing the House of Commons, was erected in St.
Ann's-square, opposite the S front of the Eoyal Exchange,
in ilarch, 1867. Very fine bronze statues of Queen Vic-
toria, the Duko of Wellington, Sir Robert Peel, Dr. Dal-
ton, and James Watt, on ornamental stone pedestals, stand
in front of the Royal Infirmary; and statues of Queen Vic-
toria, Sir Robert Peel, and Joseph Brotherton. Esq., are
in Peel Park.— Other public stnictures will be noticed in
subsequent jiaragraphs.
The Cathedral.— at. ilichael's church, which long ago
disappeared, was the earliest church in Manchester. St.
Mary's church, at Hunts Bank, close to the Invell, on a
site now nearly midway between Victoria railway station
and the Roy;d Exchange, was probably the other of the
two churches which existed at Domesday; served Ion"
as the parish church; acquired a new Lady chapel an3
a W tower about 1-330; was converted in 1421 into a col-
legiate church, under the name of the College of the
Blessed Virgin JIary, by Lord Delawarr, whi) became
rector in 1-382; was, soon afterward.-;, rebuilt of stone;
was still further enlarged and enriched in the years 1485
-1509; and, under the name of Christ Church, was made
the cathednd of the newly constituted diocese of .Manchcs-
Ilt in 1847. The cathedral is 232 feet lon^', and 130 feet
broad; consists chielly of late perpendicular English
architecture; comprises a W tower, a nave of six bays, a
cLoir of six bays, a small Lady chaj>el, a number of
lateral chapeb, and a chapter-house; and uuderweut ex-
tensive restorations, at a cost of about £40,000, diuino- a
series of years ending in 1567. The lower j.art of tlie
tower was built about 1330, the upper stage about 1520-
rose to the height of 120 ftet ; Wi« richlv ornamented
toward tlie summit ; had the reputation ol' being one of
the finest towers in England; went eventually into such
decay that one or two of it5 pinnacles looked ever}- mo-
ment as about to topple over; was begun to be re.^on-
structed from the foundation in August 1864; was finish-
ed externally in May 1567; is now 15 feet higher than
the old tower; and has a clock cliambcr and a b4fiv for
a fine peal of 10 bells. The tower will be finished inte-
riorly in Sept. 1S67. It is constracted of millstone grit,
ot which It contains 70,000 feet, or 5,000 tons. Tho
nave was commenced in 1465, completed with basement
and aisles in 1490, and clerestori.id and re-roofed ui the
IJth centitiT; has a central and two side aisles on the
N and S, with lateral chapels or chantries opening into
the S aisle; has no triforium; and is roofed with timber,
panelled, and resting on corbels carved into figures of
angels playing on musical instruments. The chapels of
the nave are St. George's or Bi-owu's on the SW, built
about 1500; St. Nicholas's or Trafford's on the SE, built
about 1506 ; and St. James's or Strangeway's on the NE,
originally a transept, built in 1440. The choir was built,
to the extent of basement and aisles, in 1440; was con-
structed on a design that the churcli should be cnicifonn;
acquired stall-work on the S, a derestoiy, and sur-
mounting octag-^nal turrets about 1500; has no triforium;
and includes an E procession-path, and four lateral cha-
pels or chantries. These chapels are St. John Baptist's
or tho Derby chapel en the X, built in 1513, with a small
mortuary chapel adjoining it to the N; Jesus' or BjToiu
chapel on the S, built in 1505; and Hulines' mortu.iry
chapel, also on the S. The Ladv chapel, called also St.
Marv's or Chetham ch.ipel, wis built in 1330; was altered
by Warden West, and again in the 17th century; and
iindenvent restoration in 1S65-C. The chaptrr-house was
buUt about 1500. The cathedral, in the interior view,
IS very fine; the nave, with its Latent chapels, resem-
bling Chichester; the choir remarkably beautiful and
picturesque; the painted windows striking and curi-
ous; and the effigies and monuments highly interesting.
One monument is to ilrs. F. Hall, who left £40,000 fSr
local charities; and another is a marble statue by Theei
of Humphrey Chetham.
Churches.— The places of •worsliip within the muni-
cipal borough in 1S5I— exclusive of all within the other
parts of the parliamentary borough and of all within Sal-
ford borough— were 32 of the Church of England, with
38,120 sittings; 2 of the Church of Scotland, with 1,060
s.; 4 of the Presb}-terian church in England, with 3,620
s. ; 2 of United Presbj-teriaus, with 1,0U0 s. ; 19 of Inde-
pendents, with 12,698 s.; 8 of Baptists, with 4,490 s. ;
I of Quakers, with 1,330 s.; 4 of Unitarians, with 2,700
s. ; 17 of Wesleyan ilethodists, with 12,973 s- ; 2 of 2sew
Connexion Metho.lists, -vrith 1,150 s. ; 5 of Primitive
Methodists, with 1,856 s.; 1 of Bible Christians, with
450 s.; 10 of the Wesleyan Association, with 5,271 s.; 1
of Welsh Calvinistic IMethodists, with 300 s. ; 1 of Ladv
Huntingdon's Coim^xion, with 577 s.; 1 of the New
Church, with 750 s. ; 2 of isulat-?d congregations^ with
220 s.; 7 ot Roman Catholics, with 6,850 s.; 1 of the
G.-eek Church, with 86 s. ; and 2 of Jews, with 423 s.
The places of worship within the city and suburbs in
1867, inclusive of S.ilford and other places beyond the
jiariiamentaiy borou^'h, were at leist 70 of the Church of
England, 11 of Scotcft Presbnerians, 23 of ludcDendeuts,
II ot Baptists, 1 of Quakers, 5 of L'nitarians, 35 of Wes-
leyan Methodists, S of New Connexion Methodists, 13 of
Pninitive ilethodists, 1 of Bible Christians, 9 of United
I ice ilethodists, 3 of Independ-.-nt Methodists, 4 of
Welsh Calvinistic M,-thodisr3, 1 ^t Lady Huatin-Jon's
Connexion, 3 of the New Church, 1 of iloraviaus, 1 of
Irviugites, 1 of Dutch Protectants, 1 of German Evan-
gelicals, several of m:siiuuar%- character 1 of La'te-
Day Saints, 13 of Roman Cath.Iics, 1 of the Greek
Church, and 1 of Jews.
MANCHESTER.
259
MANCHESTER.
St. Aim'- church 5t:mis in St. Anu's-inuare ; was
biilt in 1709; Ls in the Grecian style; has ;i tower ori-
gin?.!!!.- sarniouctcil by a cu])ola, replaced by a spire iu
irrr, wLioU hi.? since been removed ; and coutains
1.175 sitting?. — Al! SaLnts churcli ."Stands in Grosvenor-
Eqxir.?, at the ittc-ffcotiou of Stretford road aud O.icfoi;d-
rcjd; v::s 'br.ilt ;n 1320: lias a fine tower, surmounted by
a cupola, with ball and cross; ar.d contains 1,700 sit-
tings.— St John's chur?h stands at the foot of St.
JoSn-stPrJt, l»;ading out of Deansgate ; was built in
17o>; is ill tht roii.ted style; has a remarkable stained
gloAj wind.-'w, brought from a convent at Koiien, reprc-
K-ztinj; Christ's ontrance into Jenisalcm; and contains
a iparlile r::oni:nient by Elaxman to the Rev. John
Clowes, aud a splendid Caen stone monument, cf Gothic
de=:jn, to Mr. William JIarsdeu.— St. Stale's church
star. Is in St. Ma.r\-street, near St. Ann's; and was built
JE 1756. — Sr. M.itthew's church stands in Campfield,
was built in 1325, after designs by Barry; and is a large
eolace, with a tower and spire 132 feet high. — St. Pe-
ter";5 thnr'.-h stan'is in St. Peter-square, at the SW end of
liL:=ley-3treet; was built in 1794; is in the Grecian style,
■with a handsome portico; and has, over the pulpit, a pic-
^ar? of the " Desoent from the Cross" by Antonio Car-
raoci. — Another St. Peter's church stands in Oldham-
road; was built in 1S60, at a cost of .€4,200; is in the
Loi.-.bardic style, of red and white bricks; comprises
nave, aisl«, and a semi-circidar apse; has ?. NV/ tower,
125 feet high; and contains 1,350 sittings. — St. George's
church sti.i:d3 in Rochdale road ; and was erected iu
179?, and consecrated in ISIS; St. James" church was
Ir.i2:inl7jr; St. ^lithael's church, iul7S9; and St. Paul's
ch'-irch, in 1 765. — Christ church, S.alford, stands in Acton-
sq-^iare, adjacent to the Bolton r.nd Bury canal, and to
the Preston and Bolton railway, opposite one entrance to
Ptel Park; was bruit in 1631 ; is in the Grecian style, of
lii'ht desiga, with tetrastrle Corinthian portico; and has
s tOTer and spire, adorned at aboat mid-height with a
Corinthiai: cyclostyle. — St Simon's ch;r;oh, Salford, is in
the early English st}de, with a spire 150 feet high; and
has thi-ei excellent stained glass windows, and a carved
oak ptJpit. — Trinity church, Salford, was built in 1631;
and presents a Doric appearance, but has a Gothic tower.
— St Philip's church, Salford, was built iu 1S25; and
St. Stepu^rn's church, Salford, iu 1794.— St. ilark's
church, Ch..ctham, wasbuilt in 1794— St. Luke's church,
Cheetham, was built in 1S39; is iu t'ae later Eu'dish style;
and has a tower witli crocketted spire 1 70 feet hi'.,'h. — St.
Laktr's church, Chorltoa, was rebuilt in 1S65; is in the
c-arlv decoritcd Enijlish .st^le ; and Las a NE tnwer with
br;a<;h sirire 14S fc-ct high.— St. Paul's church, Chorltoa,
was bnilt in 1862, at a cost of .£4,500; is in the later
English style ; and has a large E staiiied glass window,
representing events in the life of St. Paul. — .Albert Memo-
li.d church, CoUyhurst, was built in IS*)!, at a. cost of
£4,5\0; is in the d-r-corated English st_vl'>, of yellow brick,
with blue and whiti brick bands, and Hollington stone-
dres-sicgs; has aNW tower and spire, 100 feet high; and
is adorned with meiaorial \vindows of the Prince Consort.
— St .Vlban's church, Waterloo-road, was built in 1S65, at
a cost of 4.'r,5'"i0; is in the decorated F.nnlisiislvh; has a
hesigor.al apse; and was Ivftoff with an unfinished tower
and sjfire, intended to be carried to a height of 225 feet.
— ^St. Jolin's church, Cheetham, was founded in 1869; is
in the enrly pointed style of the 13th century; and cost
RlV'Ut ^lO.OC'O.— St. George's church, Ilulnie, wr>..s built
in 1S25 by Cc-lvvii;; and is in the later English style. —
St. Philip's a.id St. ifichacl's churches, Ilulme, are
r.ot;.:ed iu the article on Hulme township; and other
ch:irches are noticed in ar.icles on other townships.
(. dr^?ndL-h-.street Independent chapel, in Chorlton-
up...n-Me.llock, no: far from All Saints church, is a re-
markably fine edirice; w;i3 built after dcsi.ijns by Mr.
V.'alrers, at 2 cost of i:2:',000; is in the early English
6t}-!e, vrith asp!e:i.tid sj.ire 170 feet high; contains^ up-
wa:^i3 of 1,500 sittings; and ha.; attached to it spacious
Fch'wl-roo.'ns ia thj Tudor style. — Th.: Rusholme road
I:..'.ependeat chipe! is one of the oldest dissenting clia-
Itli in Manchester: presented long an unatt.-activo and
diugj' appearance; underwent improvement in 1S65, !it
a coJt of about i;2,200, rendering its aspect liglit and
elegziut; and has attached to it spacious schools, erected
shortly before 1^65 at a cost of i;:i,800. — Bury-New-road
Independent chapel, erected in 1857, — Park Independent
chapel, near the junction of New "Bridge-street and
Cheetham-Hillroad, erected in 1855, — aud Richmond
Independent chapel in Broughton-road, Salford, — are all
handsome stru';tures. — Ancoats Independent chapel was
built at the angle between Great Ancoats-street and Pal-
merston-strec*, and in the decorated English styh", in
IS05; was very soon closed, in consequence of a railway
operation bj' the Midland company; was rcb'cilt on the
site of the old gas-works, at a cost of X5,S00, in 1369;
and is conatnicted with arrangements for infant and
elementary school-rooms. — Cross-street chapel, nov/
Unitarian, was originall}' built in 1693, for tne congre-
gation of the Rev. Henry Ncwcome, one of the ejected
clei'g}- of 1662; was nearly destroyed by a Sacheverel
mob in 1714; was restored with aid of a parliamentary
grant of £1,500; was rebuilt and enlarged in 1737 and
17SS; and is a large squura brick edilice, surrounded
with a grave-yard. — The Fletcher-street Wesleyan chapel
was built in 1861, at a cost of £3,500; is in tiie Italian
style, of brick with Yorkshire stone dressings; and con-
tains 1,150 sittings — The Boston-street New Comiexioa
Methodist chapel, in Hulme, was built in 1866, at a cost
of £2,430; is a brick structure, with Yorks'nire stone
dressings; contains 780 sittings; and adjoins a suite of
schools erected in 1862.- — St. Augustine's Roman Catho-
lic chapel in Granby-row, was bmlt in 1820, at a cost of
£10,000; is in the early English style, with stone front
and brick body; has a finely decorated interior; and con-
tains 1,500 sittings. — St. Marie's Roman Catho'lic chapeL
in Midberry-street, behind John Dalton-street, was built
iu 1794, and rebuilt in 1848; is in a Norman style, simi-
lar to that of many Continental churclies; and has a
tower 120 feet high, copied from one in the Nether-
lands.— St. John's Koman Catholic chapel, in Chapel-
strtet, Salford, was built in 1848; is a cruciform strac-
ture, in the decor.ated English style; and has a tower
and spire 240 feet high.— The Greek church, in Water-
loo-road, was built in 1S61, at a cost of about £6,000; and
is in the Grecian style, exteriorly Corinthian, interiorly
Ionic. — Many of the other pdaces of worship are commo-
dious, neat, or handsome.
The Rusholme-road cemetery, in Chorlton-upon-Med-
lock, was opened in 1821; was then surrounded by green
fields, giving it a rural a.spect; became surrounded, lie-
fore 1S57, by brick buildings; took then the appear-
ance of a mere graveyard; aud was closed several years
prior to 1867. — Ardwick cemetery, in Hyde-road, Ard-
wick, is neatly laid out and well preserved; has, at the
entrance, two neat structiu'es, one of which serves as
a mortuary' chajiel ; and contains the remains of Dr.
Dalton and those of Sir Thomas Potter, the latter be-
neath a handsom.e marble monument. — The General
cemetery, on Rochdale-road, Hurpurhey, about 2 miles
from the city, occupies about 11 acres; has a mortuary
chape! near the entrance gateway; .and is divided into a
smaller section for Churchmen, and a larger one for all
other denominations. — The Salford cemetery, New-
Barnes, Eccles New-road, was formed at a cost of about
£16,000 for the gTound, and £2,460 for chapels; occupies
a very fine situation; comprises 11^ acres for Churchmen,
6 for Dissentei's, aud 4 for Roman Catholics; is beauti-
fully laid out with serpentine walks, trees, shrubs, and
flower-plots; and h:is three chapels, all iu the early decor-
ated English stylo, and a neat entrance lodge. The first
interment in this cemetery was that of Josepli Brotherton,
E.sq., the fii-st member of parliament for Salford borough.
— A Wcsleyan cemetery is at Cheetham-h.ill, CrumpsalL
School.-! and Instilutions. — The public, day schools,
private day schools, and Sunday schools within the muni-
cipal borough in 1851 were 80 public day schools, with
16,202 srholars, 2SS private day schools, with 10,034 s. ;
and 111 Sunday schools, with 42,389 s. One of t:io nub-
lio schools v.-as the collegiate and grammar school; 2
others were endowed schools; 1 wa' a wurklio'^ise scnooh
MANCHESTER.
260
MANCHESTER.
10 v/ere Church of England nntional schools; 23 were
Cliureh of England non - national schools ; 1 wa3 a
T;hurch of England free school; 3 were Scotch Presby-
terian; 6 Independent; 2 Quaker; 2 Unitarian; 6 AVes-
leyan; 1 Wesleyan Association; 1 of the New Church;
9 Koman Catholic; 1 Jewish; 5 undenominational Brit-
ish; 1 the Oddfellows' orphan school; 1 an industrial
school ; 1 a penitentiary school ; and 3 subscription
schools of no specific character. Thirty -one of the
Sunday schools, with 14,407 scholars, belonged to the
Church of England; 7, with 1,245 s., to Scotch Presby-
terians; 15, with 7,593 s., to Independents; 7, with
1,433 s., to Baptists; 1, with 294 s., to Quakers; 2, with
859 3., to Unitarians; 15, with 6,475 s., to Wesleyana;
2, with 579 s., to New Connexion Methodists; 4, with
656 s., to Primitive Methodists; 12, with 2,968 s. to the
Wesleyan Association; 2, with 306 s., to Independent
Methodists; 2, with 438 s., to Welsh Calvinistic Method-
ists; 1, with 212 s., to the New Church; 2, with 631 s.,
to undefined Protestant congregations; and 8, with 4,293
s., to Roman Catholics. The schools within the city and
suburbs in 1867 included at least 3 endowed schools;
31 national schools; 43 Church of England schools, ex-
clusive of some of the national ones, but inclusive of some
charity ones; 6 Scotch Presbyterian; 5 Independent;
8 Wesleyan; 3 Wesleyan Association; 1 Primitive Me-
thodist, 2 Unitarian; 2 of the New Church; 11 Roman
Catholic; 1 Jewish; 7 British, mostly undenominational;
7 ragged or industrial; about 16 variously subscription,
charity, or miscellaneous ; and proportionate numbers of
infant and Sunday schools.
The grammar school stands in Long Millgate, not far
from the Cathedral; was founded in 1515, by Hugh Old-
ham, Bishop of Exeter; was rebuilt in 1777; gives edu-
cation in the English branches, mathematics, modem
languages, and the classics; has endowments which
yielded upwards of £4,000 a-year about 1S30, but now
yield considerably less; and holds 4 scholarships at Brase-
nose college, Oxford, a third turn of 18 other scholarships
at that college, a third turn of 12 scholarsliips at St.
John's college, Cambridge, and 3 exhibitions, founded
in 1861, at Owen's college, Manchester. — The Commer-
cial schools stand in Stretford - road ; were erected in
1845, by theManchesterChurchEducationSociety; form a
very handsome building, in the Tudor style; afford edu-
cation to the middle classes; and have, in connexion with
them, a library and a natural history museum. — Chetham's
hospital, or the Blue-coat school, stands at Hunts Bank,
near the Cathedral; owed its origin, as a school, to Hum-
phrey Chethara in 1651; educates and clothes 100 poor
boys; and, together with the Chetham library, has an
endowed income of £3,550. The edifice for it was part
of the residential buildings of the collegiate clergy of
St. Mary, now the cathedral; occupies the site of the
residence of the Saxon thane of Manchester; passed to
the Derby family in 1547; was used as a barrack during
the siege of 1642; was purchased in terms of Humphrey
Chetham's will, to be used as a blue coat-school, &c. ; pre-
sents a very antique and picturesquely iiregular appear-
ance ; and contains refectory, dormitory, and other
•apartments for the lodging and uses of its pupils. — The
Ladies' Jubilee schools stand in New Brid^'e-street, nearly
opposite the old workhouse ; were estalilished in ISO?, for
the educating and training of destitute orphan girls;
were built in 1810, in commemoration of the fiftieth an-
niversary of George III.'s reign, ami therefore called
Jubilee schools; were endowed with £10,000 by Mrs. F.
Hall, and enlarged, about 1833 ; .ire under the direc-
tion of a committee of ladies ; and qualify the pupils
to be placed out as domestic servants, on completion of
their education. — The Blind asylum and the Deaf and
Dumb school stand at Old Tratford, Stretford; and though
separate institutions, are ia one pile. The blind a'ly-
him originated in a bequest of £20,000, in ISIO, by Thomas
Henshaw, Esq., who also bequcatlied £20,000 for a blue-
coatschoolat Oldham; buthis bequest for the blind asylum
required to be all appropriated for support only, not any of
it for building, and to lie out at interest and accumulate till
1S35; and a .sum of £9,000 was theu raised by subscrip-
tion for the erection of a building. Tiie duaf and dumb
school was established in 1823; stood in Staidey-street,
near the New Bailey; and, on account of the situation
being deemed unheulthv, was removed thence, in 18G9,
to the new joint-building at Old Trafford. That build-
ing was erected in 1836-9, by means of the £9,000 raised
for the blind asylum, and of another £9,000 raised for the
deaf and dumb school; is in the Tudor-collegiate style ;
stands a short distance backward from the road; measures
280 feet in length, and from 50 to 120 feet in width; con-
sists of two wings for the two institutions, with a central
chapel used by both; and presents a very ple.-ising fron-
tage, crowned with octagonal turrets. The income of each
institution is about £2,000 a-year. — The Swinton indus-
trial schools stand on the Boltou-road, at Swinton, about
5 miles from the city; occupy an aiea of about 4 acres,
within grounds of about 34 acres; are in the Tudor style-
include school-rooms, work-rooms, dininghalls, dormi-
tories, bath-room, and two chapels for respectively Pro-
testants and Roman Catholics; and contain accommoda-
tion for 1,500 inmates. — A chief one of the ragged schools
stands on Ardwick-green; and is under the patronage of
the Bishop of Manchester, and under the presidency of
the Mayor. — Another of the ragged schools stands in
Charter-street ; was buUt, in 1 866, at a cost of about £2, 000 ;
is three stories high, of red seconds bricks with blue
bricks in bands ; and includes school- rooms, dining-
room, lavatories, teacher's room, a lecture-room, and
other apartments.
Owens' college stands in Quay-street, Deansgate ; was
formerly the residence of Richard Cobden, Esq.; was
converted into a colhge in 1851, in result of a bequest of
£100,000 by John Owens ; affords instruction in the
higher branches of education to males upwards of 14
years of age; is conducted by a principal .ind six pro-
fessors; and issues certificates to candidates for degrees at
the London Univeisity. A new largo building for it
was proposed, in 1868, to be erected in Oxford-street.
— The Independent theological college originated in
private instruction to students by the Rev. W. Roby of
Manchester; became a public institution in 1316; was
located at Blackburn tOl 1842 ; was then erected mtliin
Withington township, adjacent to Hulme ; cost about
£20,000 for erection; is chieflj' in the collegiate Gothic
style, but partly in quasi-Moorish ; includes a lo.'ty
tower, a salient centre, massive wings, and an interior
cloistered square; contains accommodation for president,
professors, and about 50 students; has seven exhibitions
of from £25 to £32 143. ; and, in the year 1864-5, had 42
students and an income of £2,766. — The Wesleyan theo-
logical institution stands at Didsbury, on the Oxford-
road, about 5 miles from Manchester ; was opened in
1842; occupies a plot on grounds of about 6 acres; forma
three sides of a quadrangle, with ornamental stone front,
contains accommodation for governor, tutors, and 40
students ; and has, in connexion with it, a chapel in the
early English style, containing nearly 300 sittings. — The
Unitarian theological college was established at JIan-
Chester in 1786; wiis removed to York in 1S03; was
brought back to Manchester in 1840; and was removed to
London about 1850. Another institution for educating
missionar)- students of the Unitarian denomination was
established in 1854, under the n.ime of the Home Mis-
sionary Board; and is now located in the Memorial Hall.
This building stands at an angle of the new Albert-
square; was erected in 1S05, to commeiaorate the ejection
of the clergy in 1662; and comprises ground storey aud
basement, appropriated to offices or warehouses, — a first
floor, with lecture-hall, librarj-, professors' rooms, and
students' rooms, — aud un upj)er iloor disposed as a lofty
lecture-hiill, capable of accommodating about 750 per-
sons.— The Roman Catholic collegiate institute stands
in Grosvenor-square; was cousidtrablj- extcndfd in 1S66;
and includes, in the new parts alone, a dining-hall 50
feet long, new class-rooms, a libr.ir}', a chapel, a refectory,
seventeen dormitories, and a covered play-groand. — The
Medical school, now situated in George street, was
founded in 1324 ; maintains lectures on all kinds of
medical subjects, by about eighteen lecturers ; ha.s a
MANCHESTER.
261
MAXCHHSTEK.
laboratory, museums, a good library, and a medical
society ; and jircjiares students for examiu.xtion at all
the imiversities. — The School of Art is licld iu the Royril
Institution in JIos!ey-str*et; ^us established in 183S;
and has a f lir attendance of pupils.
The Koyal Institution stands in Mosley-strcet ; was
built in 1S23, after designs by Barrj-, at a cost of £30,000;
was projected to be a gallery of art, with the best obtain-
able models iu painting and sculpture; presents a beau-
tiful frontage, with central hexastyle Ionic portico, and
side screens of columns; includes an entrance-hall, with
staircase, rising to the entire height of the building, and
lighted at the top ; contains, at the first landing, a
theatre or public lecture-room, v.'itli accommodation for
about SOO persons; has a highly architectural interior,
with rich collections of easts troin the Elgin marbles, and
from the most celebrated sculptures of both ancient and
modern times; and is open annuall}-, iu autumn, for an
exhibition of the works of modem artists, on the princi-
ple .of the London Royal Academy. — A great building,
for an exhibition of the art treasures of England, was
erected in 1857, at a cost of £62,000, adjacent to the
Tjotanic gardens and to the Manchester and Altrincham
railway, with, a railway s cation of its own, at Old Traf-
ford; forming a parallelogram upwards of 700 feet long,
and about 200 feet iride; constructed wholly of iron and
flass, in a manner similar to the Cry.stal Palace of Hyde
'ark, London, in 1851, but in its roof and general form
more resembling that at Sydenham; presenting a princi-
pal fagade of imposing and very elegant appearance; in-
cluding a nave, or great central hall, 600 feet long, 140
feet wide, and 65 feet high, together with lateral galleries
divided into compartments; all richly stored ^vitha well-
arranged collection of works of art, of all descriptions; and
frequented, during six months after the opening, by a great
concourse of visitors, some of whom were from the Conti-
nent. — The Athen reimi stau'is in Bond-street, immediately
in the rear of the Koyal Institution; was erected, in 1837,
after designs by Barry; is in the Italian st3lc, much
plainer than the Roj-al Institution, but still of pleasing
character; contains a reading and news room, a library
of about 14,000 volumes, and a lecture-hall with capacity
for about 1,000 persons; maintains lectures on all de-
partments of science; and has, in connexion with it,
classes for modern language!, cla.'=:s;s for other depart-
ments of study, a gjinnastic club, a chess club, a dramatic
reading society, and an essay and discussion society. — •
The Mechanics' Institution dates from 1825; was held,
for a time, in two rooms of a house in Cross-street ; got
a new building of its own in 1827, with accommodation
for 1,000 persons, in Cooper-street; was removed in 1856
to a much larger new building in Uavid-street, Portland-
street; has there a library of about 16,000 volumes; and
maintains both day and evening classes for many depart-
ments of education. Its present building, in David-street,
is a largo and handsome three storey brick structure; and
was inaugurated with an cdiibltion of arts and manu-
factures, which attracted hundred., of thousands of visit-
ors, and yielded a profit of more than £4,000.
The Salfonl Free Museum and Library stands in Peel
Park, near the Crescent, Salford; originated in 1849;
ha") buildings of centre and wings, erected successively in
1850, 1S52, and 1S57, at costs of about £9,000, with a
liow Doric portico of 1365 at a cost of £623; and con-
tains a reference library of about 13,700 volumes, a
lending library of about 9,200 volumes, and a museum
estimated in 1803 to be worth £18,013.— The Natural
Hi-stoiy iluseum stands in Peter-street; is a handsome
edifice, extending considerably backward from the street-
line; comprises an cntrance-hall 3S feet square, three
eastern rooms 92 feet long, three western rooms 29 feet
by 21, and considerable backward wings; contains natural
historj', gcolo^dcal, and niineralogical collections; and
ha.s, in connexion with it, a natural history s.jciety and
a gcologicrd society. — The Literary and Philosophical
society is in George-street, origin.'iied in 1781; was long
famous for the lu.ttures of Dr. Dalton and Dr. Henry;
had also Dr. Por;ival and Dr. pLrii.ir for members; is
ouo of the moot noLed jir /, i;i.;ial a..'ad'ji;iies of science iu
England; issues regularly reports of its transictiuns; re-
tains the laboratory and .'•pi)aratus of Dr. Dalton, pre-
cisely as ho left them; and has a librarj- of about 14,000
volumes. — The Chetham Free Library is in part of tiie
same buildings as the Chetham hospital or blue-coat
school; shares in the origin and the endowments of that
institution; contains about 30,000 volumes, many of
them very rare ; and has, around the reading-room, an
attractive collection of antiquities, pictures, &c. — The
Portico Libiary stands in Blosley-street, n^.t far from
the Royal Institution ; is a handsome building in the
Ionic style, 20C feet long, 49 feet wide, and 45 feet high;
includes a reading-room 66 feet by 42, with a doi;ie ceil-
ing; and contains, in a gallery around the reading-room,
a library of about 25,000 volumes. — The Free Library
stands iu Camp Field, a little off Deansgafe, v,-ich front
toward Byrom-aEreet; wa.s originally the Hall of Science,
built for the Socialists in 1839, and purchased by the
Library committee in 1352 for £1,200; underwent then
a thorough renovation, rendering it a bold, handsome,
and commodious edifice, in the Italian sti'le; was opened,
as a library, with 16,013 volumes in the reference de-
partment, and 5,305 in the lending department ; acquired
such increase as to have a total of 77,774 volumes in
1866, — of which 3?, 426 were in the reference depart-
ment; cost originally, for building and for books, £12,32-3,
raised by public subscript-on; and is maintained by a
rata levied under the Public Libraries act of 1S50. —
Four branch leniiing libraries are in the outer part.-.
of the city and in the suburbs. The Hulme branch
was opened in Stretford-road in 1857; now occupies
a wing of the Hidme to«-n-hall; and, in 1S37, com-
prised 8,456 volumes. The Ancoats branch was estab-
li.shed in Dec. 1S57; had 5,214 volumes in 1S67; and
was then about to be removed to a new building tlieu in
course of erection for it in Everj'-street. The Rochdale-
road branch was est.iblished in 1860, and had 7,595 vol-
umes in 1867. The Chorlton and Ardwick branch, in
Rusholme road, was opened in 1866, and had 4,S6S vol-
umes in 1867. — The New Library in the Royal Ex-
change buildings is said to contain not fewer than 30,00t'
volumes. The Law Library, iu Norfolk-street, contains
upwards of 4,000. The Foreign Librarj-, in St. Ann's-
street, near the Exchange, contains upwards of 7,000,
chiefly in French, German, Italian, an<l Spanish. — There
are also smaUer public libraries and literary in.=titations;
such as the Pendlebury library and reading-room, the
Ancoats lyceum, th-i Young Men's Christian association,
the Pendleton mechanics' institution, the Huline me-
chanics' institute, the Longsight mechanics' institute,
the Cheetham Hill mechanics' institution, the Lower
Crumpsall mechanics' institution, the Dl'.ckley me-
chanics' institution, and the Jliles-I'latting mechanics'
institution. — There are like>-i£e learned societies aldition-
al to those already noticed, such as the Chetham society
for publishing hist'/rical and literary remains connected
v/itli Lancashire and Cheshire, and wluch has issued 70
volumes, the Statistical society, the Law association, the
Jledical society, the Phrenological society, and the
Architectural societj'. — Agnews' gallery and Grundy's
gallery, in Exchange-street, and AVhaite's gallery in
Bridge-street, thou^ih private estaldishmcnts, contain
very extensive and ri^.h collections of works of art.
The Royal Infirmary stands in an open area, with main
front toward PiccadiUy. It was originally founded in
Shudchill in 1753 ; and was removed to its present site
in 1755. The building at first was a plain brick .structure,
fitted entirely for i!;.'irmary purposes; but it eventually
was so reconstructed and improved as to be made into an
ornamental edifice thiedy of stone; and it was extended
in 1766 to include a lunatir; asylum, and in 1792 to in-
clude a dispensary. Its facings now are all of .ston?, an^l
in the Italian style; its main front is ornamented with a
large liexastyle Ionic portico; its other fronts aLo arc
adomcil with porticos; and its centrti, behind the main
portico, is surniouiited by a fine large dome, resting o;i a
massive, ornamental, circular tower. The open space
around it was formerly occupied in part by a large ^heet
of water, and enclosed by an U'on palisade; but ii now
MA^'CHESTER.
262
JLVNCKESTER.
laid out .13 a public promenade, and adorned with five
pnblic monuments. The Wellington moniiraeut was in-
augurated ia 1856. All the five monuments add etl'ec-
tiveh' to the grouping of the grounds and the edifice; and
the Wellington one represents the Duke in civil costume,
and was erected at a cost of £7,000. The infirmary re-
ceived aid, to the amount of £2,500, from two concerts by
Jenny Lind; it has an income, partly from funded pro-
perty and partly from public subscriptions, of about
£10,000 a-year; and it affords relief annually to about
30,000 patients. The lunatic asylum has been removed
to Cheadle, a few miles out of Manchester. — The Clinical
Hospital stands in Stevenson-square; was established in
1S56: and, during the first year of its operations, had
about 7O0 patients. Another Clinical Hospital, for the
N side of the city, stands in Park-place, York-street,
Cheetham; and was opened in 1867. — A Fever Hospital,
in connexion with the workhouse, was projected in I860.
— A Sick Children's Hospital, in the medireval style, on
530 square yards of ground in Deansgato, was pro-
jected in 1868.— St. Mary's Hospital stands in Quay-
streei; was built in 1856, at a cost of about £6,000; is
in the Italian style; has a library and museum ; and
treats annually about 200 patients, who are either women
or young children. — There are also a lock hospital, an
eye hospital, an institution for diseases of the ear, a
general hospital and dispensary for children, a Salford
and Pendleton hospital and dispensary, an Ardwick and
Ancoats dispensary, a Chorlton-upou-Medlock dispensary,
an hospital for consumption and skin disease, a Chorlton
and Ardwick lying-in hospital, and lour homoeopathic
dispensaries. — "The Female Pcniteuti-ir)- stands iu Emb-
den-place, Embden-street, Greenlieys; and is a haud-
some stone building. — The Kight Asylum is iu Henry-
street; gives temporary lodging and food to houseless
sufferers; and has, in one year, aUbrded shelter and re-
lief to as many as 400,000 persons. — The old Manchester
workhouse stands in Xew Bridge-street, on a site imme-
diately behind the Victoria station; was built in 1792,
at a cost of £30,000, and several times enlarged at
great additional cost; is a huge ungainly brick stnictm-e,
with accommodation for upwards of 1,500 persons; and
has attached to it several yards. The new Manchester
workhouse stands on the Bongs estate in Crumpsall,
about 2 miles from the Victoria station ; was erected in
1857, at a cost of more than £50,000; is ahandsome and
imposing edifice of red brick, with stone dressings; covers
a space of 600 feet by 410, amid grounds of 45 acres; and
has accommodation for about 2,000 persons. There are
workhouses also in Salford and Withington, for respec-
tively Salford and Chorlton poor-law districts. — The re-
ligious, philanthropic, and miscellaneous institutions are
rerj' numerous; but, being all of the kinds common to
cities or large towns, they need not be enumerated. — The
aggregate amount of endowed charities, inclusive of about
£4,000 of the boroughreeve's (now the Mayor's) cliari-
ities, is about £14,574.
Places of Amusemait. — The Theatre Roy.il stands in
Peter-street, near the Free Trade Hall; was built in 1845,
at a cost of nearly £23,000; is in the Greco-Italian stvle,
120 feet long, 55 feet wide, and from 40 to 70 feet high;
presents a frontage of centre and wings with portico,
flanking Corinthian pillars, and three entrances; has,
over the central enti-auce, a fine statue of Shakspeare, a
circular arch, and a surmounting pediment; is elegantly
decorated in the interior; and can accommodate 2,147
persons. — The Queen's Theatre stands at the junctiim of
York-street and Spring-gardens; was fitted up in 1315,
after the plan of the London Surrey theatre, for melo-
dramatic performances; was changed in 1839, byDucrow,
into a place for equestrian entertainments; undenvent
e.ttcnsive improvements about 1851, to make it suitable
for a theati-e; and is a plain building. — The Prince's
Theatre standi in O.^ord-road, near the corner of Peter-
street and Mosley-strcet; was erected in 1864, to check
or compete with the Theatre Royal ; and is considerably
smaller than that theatre — The Concert Hall stands iu
Lower Mo.^cy-street, nearly opposite St. Peter's church;
was built in 1830, jfter designs by Ilayk-y and BrowT. ;
is a brick structure, with handsome stone front iu the
Corinthian style; measures interiorly 110 feet in length
and 50 feet iu widUi; has a gallerj- 50 feet by 20, and
an orchestra SO feet by 23; contains accommodation for
1,200 persons ; and is accessible only to subscribers and
to friends under certain regulations.— Mr. Halle's con-
certs and other popular concerts are hold in the Freo
Ti-ade Hall; a sacred harmonic soLiety meets also iu
that hall; a glee club meets at ths Al'oioii hotel; the St
Cecilia society meets in the ileniorial Hall; and there
are three or four other musical associaiions.
Tlie Pomona-gardens are situated in Cornbrook, Hulme;
are much" frequented by the labouring classes of the city
and its subui-bs ; possess many attractionsand ample accom-
modations; and are occasionally a scene of fireworks, fetes,
and galas.— Bellevue-gardens are situat-jil on the Hyde-
road, near the new city jail; occupy about 40 acres;
are partly disposed in sluubberies, parterres, pleasant
walks, and a labyrinth modelled after that at Hampton
Court; contain greenJiouses and eo.rservatory, rows of
spacious dens and extensive paddocks occuj)ied by wild
beasts, an aviary, a natural history museum, a large
arabesque orchestra, where a band performs popidar mu-
sic, a ball-room or mu:ic hall capable of accommodating
15,000 persons, a platform about half an acre iu extent
for dancing, a vast raised galleiy for spectators to view
displays of fire-works, two lakes stocked with aquatic
birds and used for boating, a plentiful assortment of re-
freshment rooms, au'l stone stahies of Wellington, Nel-
son, and other notabilities; and are frequented, during
the summer months, by hundreds of thousands of per-
sons, not only from the city and its suburbs, but from
comparafivcly distant places. — The Botanic-gardens are
situated at Old Tratlord, on the Stretford-road ; occupy
about 16 acres; are skilfully and vaiiedly laid out; con-
tain hothouses, a lake, fountains, and a large e.xhibition-
house or crvstal-palace, in which pcrijdical tlower-sliows
are held; include a promenade, which comma;ids an ex-
tensive view of the Derbyshire hills; belong to a pro-
prietary of about 1,200 members; and are occ;wiouilly
open to the public.
Tliree parks are vested in the corporations — one in
that of Salford, two in that of Manchester — for the uses
of the pubb'c. They originated in 3 public subscription,
amounting to £32,715, iu 1845; they form fine orna-
mental appendages to the city; and they are constantly
frequented by tens of thousands of the working and other
classes. — Peel Park lies on the Salford side of the Irwell,
about a mile W by X of the Fioyal Exchange; took the
name of Peel Park in honour of Sir Robert Peel, who con-
tributed £1,000 to the subscription fund; was previously
known as Lark Hill, and belonged to W. Garnett, Esq.;
was purchased from Jlr. Ganiett on very moderate terms,
and formed at a cost of £13,000, including purchase-
money; comprises about 32 acres, all beautifully laid out;
has a highly ornamental entrance-arch, erecteil as a memo-
rial of Queen Victoria's second visit to ilanchoster uilS57;
was the scene, in 1S51, of an as.-iembligc of about 80,000
Sunday sc'uolars in presence of the" Queen ; contains
parterres, shrubberies, ornamental mounds, fountains,
beautind walks, an archery ground, a cricket ground, a
g}-mn.asiuiu for males, a gj'mn;istic groaiul for females, the
Salford Free Library and ^Museum, aud statues of Queea
Victoria, the Prince Consort, Sir Robert Peel, and Jo.-^eph
Erotherton; and is often the scene of performances
by the _ military bands. The entrance - arch is in the
Byzantine style; comprises main arch, flanking octa-
gonal tunets, sunnouuting stone mouldings iu eccentric
forms, crov,-ning caps upon the turrets in nunaretf.ishion,
and two semi-deta'.-hed side-arches; and has a froiitan-a
of 5f> feet, and a total height of ■■'■i\ feet. ,The Peel
statue is of bronze, and stands r<-ir the entrance to the
Library. The Brotherton statue is also of bronze, and
was inaugurated in 185S. The Victoria statue standa
directly in front of the new S wing of the Museum;
and, along with that wiug, was inaugurated in 1857.
The Albert statue was noticed in our account of tho
Public Buildings. —Queen's Park is situated ou tho
Rochdale-road, not fir from Harpurhey, and scarcelj- 2
JLVNCHESTER.
263
MANCHESTER.
milf 3 from tVie P.ov.il Esohange ; vas formerly called
He-j'iLaia H;\ll; comprises about 30 acros; is more hilly
and mop; tUicklj- wockd tlian Peel Park, bat resembles
i: Ln.artifioial arrangetuents; commands, from, its liiKl'ei
zrc.imds, a fine vIjw of the beautiful vale of Smedley ;
and contains two lakes, a labyrinth, cricket p-rounds, a
cv-riicasinni, skittle alleys, and a large house used chiefly
Is a museum of nat^dral" history, &c., and the basement
jf.r refre-hcent-rooms. — Philips' Park is situated on the
river Mcliock, nen.r Anc-ats, Holt-To\vu, and Bradford,
about 2 miles E of the Koyal Exchange; comprises about
31 acres; has ^ach ratural contour and such artificial em-
J..e":3lunent3 as to be eiuinently beautiful or almost
rv:;;antic; ;iud contains several lakes, numerous parterres,
bowers and shrubberies, a gymnasium, arch.ny-groiiTids,
aad skittle and quoit allevs.— A park at Moss-side, for
the Huhne suburb, and to be called Alexandra Park, was
T.rojeoted in IS'vS'. — The r.ice-course w:<3 formerly on
ktnsall-Moor, about 2i miles NNW of the city; but
fciiice a few years prior to 1S67 it has been on a low flat
airrjcst encircled by the river Irwell, near Castle-Irwell;
and it is used f'lr races in ^V^utsun-week, and in autumn.
Tradf and Manufactures. — The head post-office, as
alreadv noted, is in Brown-street; receiving post-oflBcesJ
£rsiu Ard^-ick, Bratiford-strett, Bi-oughton-road, Burling-
ton-street, Cheetham-hill, Chester-road, Chovlton-Bar,
Great Ancoats, Harpurhay, Hyde-road, Knott-mill, Long-
£i'--ht. Lower Openshawi Oiford-road, Pendleton, Eed
Eauk, Eegent-road, Pochdale-road, Rusholme, Salford,
StraDgewtiys, and Stretford-road; other receiving post-
cScest are in Chapel-strctt-Salford, Miles- Platting, New
Ct«s, St. Pete;-?, aud AVmlsor-bridge ; and postal letter-
toxes, cr jwstal pillars, areiiiabout fifty-three otherplaces.
The banks are the Branch Bank of England and the Con-
EoLidatcd Bank, in Pall IMall; the Adelphi, in Brown-
FTTttt; the Alliance and Cuidi.l'es, Brooks and Co. 's. In
King-stre-t; Kepvood's, in St. Ann's-street; Lomas and
Co.'s, in M:-rket-street; the Manchester and County, in
York-btreet; the Manchester and Liverpool, in Spring-
gardens and King-street; the Manchester and Siilford, in
Mosley-street and Chapel-street; Thomas Nash's, in
King-street; the Natiotal Provincial, in Mosley-street;
I^obertson and Co.'s., in High-street; Kobinson and
Co.'s, in Smithy Door; SewoU's, in Norfolk -street;
Siuart's, in Corporation -street; and the Union Bank
of ^lauchester, in York -street and Chapel-str'^et. The
iiisunnce olnces amount to about 112. The princi-
i.-il hotels number aloiit 30; and most of them are in
iccacilly. Market-street, IJean^gate, Spring-gardens,
ilosley-street, Brown-street, King-street, or neighbour-
ing places. "The railway stations are the Victoria .station,
at Hunts Bank, for the western and nortliern lines of the
Northwestern, and for the Lancashire and Yorksliire;
the London-road stations, at Bank Top, near the Royal
Irilimiary, for the southern lines of the Northwestern,
fiud for' the JIanchester. .Sheffield, and Lincoluihire ;
the Oxford - road statica, for the Manchester, Soutli
Junction, and Altiincham, and for the connected
lin'js in Cheshire to Biikeuhead and Chester; and the
Ncw Bailey-street station, in Salfird, for the East L.iu-
caj.'iire. 'i'he Victoria station is ajiproached by a fine
c:;e-arched bridge acro=3 the Irweil; and presents an
c;cameutal frontage in the Italian style. The London-
road station is a massive stnirture, in the Italian st3dc,
harmonuring wifh adjacent oiTjanicUtal lines of building.
The original station of the Manchester and Liveqjool
railway occupied a large area bounded by Liverpool-road,
L-J-ver Byroni-street, Charles-street, and Water-street;
cfti::e to i/C u.wd entirely as a goods station; and was ]iro-
riJed with an extensive pDe of warehou.ses ; and, in May
Is'Jo, a p<jrtion of these waiehouses was destroj'ed by fire,
with estiniateil loss of abcut i'300,000. A project was
■defeated in IScW to r.cquire powers for erecting a ceutval
railway station and great railway hotel. The jirincipal
I'.x-al newspapers are the Manchester Guardian, cstab-
Jisaed in l;-'l, and now published daily; tlis l\lanchester
Courier, c.-itabli.ihed in l>:2j, also daily; the Manchester
Daily Examiner arid Tiriit->, cst.i,l.Iished as the Examini^r
■in ISlo, and am.ilg.imnt.i v.itii the Times in ISIS; the
i^
Manchester Weekly Tinie,s, issued from the same oSco
as the preceding; the Alliance News, weekly, established
in 1S54; the CityXefts, weekly; the Mercantile Gazette;
and the Salford "Weekly News. A general 7iia-ket is held
daily in the Snnthfield market, Shudehill; a fruit and
vcetable market is held daily in Victoria or Smithy-
Door market. v.\ Victoria-street; a wholesale f.sh market
is held daily in the F i.shmarkct-placc, near Hunts Bank;
a retail fish-market is held in a new hall between Victo-
ria-street and the Market-place ; a cattle n]arket__is held
on Tuesdays in Smithfield market. Cross-lane, SalforJ;
a hay and straw market is held on Mondays, Wednesdays,
and Fridays, in Liverpool-road ; a hide and skin market
is held on Thursdays and Fridays in Deansgate and in.
Charles-street; a pork and carcass market is held in t'la
New Shambles, Lower King-str;et; a fiir of a weck'3
continuance, called Knott-mill fair, is held at Easter, in
Camp Field; another fair, called Acre's f-L-, is held dur-
ing the first three days of October; and two fau-s are held in
Whitsun-week and on 17 Nov., in Salford. The Smith-
field market is one of the most extensive structitres of its
kind in England, six times as largo as an ordinary rail-
way station, and covered wth a superb glass and iroa
roof; the Victoria market may be termed the Covent
Garden of Manchester; and the wholesale fi^h market is
a commodious stnicttire, erected by the Northwestem
railway compan}'. ilanchestcr is an inland bonding town,
and has a custom-house ; and the amount of customs
levied at it in 1S5S was £119,872,— in l.i62, £165,745.
In the year ended Dec. 31, 1SG6, 37,150 packages wer^j
received into its bonding warehouses, ir eluding 13^f,G0l,'
galls, wine, 69,925 galls, brandy, 37,025 whiskey,
25,739 rum, 63S Geneva, 3,343 gin, and 5,177 ucenu-
merated spirits. Tea 722,7'47 lbs., coffee o44,5o6 lbs.,
cocoa 10,105 lbs., tobacco 242,171 lbs., and 37,071 cigars.
Large quantities of these commodities were imporrcl
direct from abroad, without transliij)ment. Of 90 bond-
ing ports and places in England, oiily 4 places warehouse
more goods than Manchester.
Cotton manufacture is stiU, as of old, the staple
branch of industry. The increase of it since the lat-
ter part of last centuiy has been stupendous, and ha3
arisen, not oidy from causes operating also in other
places, but from circumstances peculiar to the south of
Lancashire. The quanity of cotton imported, about the
end of last centur}-, did not exceed 2,000,000 lbs. a-year;
while the quantity imported in ISGO, bel'->re a sudden
shock was given to it by the outbreak of the American
v.-av, amounted to 1,390,938,752 lbs. No less than
1,115,890,608 lbs. of this tot;)l were froin the United
States, while 204,141,168 were from British possessions
in India, 44,036,608 from the Mediterranean, 17,236,i'>-i
from Brazil, 1,050,784 from the British West Indies acl
British Guiana, and 8,532,720 from other countries; and
the proportions of the imports, in an average week cf
1860, were 41,000 American, 3,330 Indian, 2,150 Brazil-
ian, and 1,280 Eg\"iitian. An almost crushing effect ap-
peared to follow the shock from the American war's sud-
den interference with the supply from America ; but was
gradually lessened by great increase of supply from ether
quarters; insomuch that, in an average week of May
1803, the proportions were 1,100 Amoric-.n, 21,160 In-
dian, 2,930 Brazilian, and 3,520 Egyptian. A recovery
of the quondam amount of manufacture, tr-ereforc-, waa
rapidly resulting from increase of supply from other
quarters than the United States, and became complete
soon after the termination of the American v.ar in 1805.
Some other brandies of industry have, more or les--,
from liistant years, flourished along with the cotton manu-
fict-zre, and have eventually become very prouiineiit.
The manufactures of woollens and fustians, together with
some others of less note, were aggregately much the most
prod'ictive throughout the first lialf of last Century; and
the raaiiufactures of silks, mixed goods, lu.-tiaus, hats,
wuisteds, umbrell'is, machines, locomotive engines,
iro;i-ware.^, small-v.ares, pajier, and olht'r thing;, rx-yx
employ a very large proportion of the inh.ibitauts. Tha
factories of various kinds within the city, excluiivc oi
.some in the suburbs, in 1857, comprised Co cottou u.ills.
litANCHESTER.
26 1
MANCHESTER.
10 silk mills, 6 calico-printing works, 35 dye-works, 1
worsted mill, 11 hat manufactories, 16 small-ware manu-
factories, 61 machiue-making establLslmients, 55 found-
ries, 4 lead works, 4 paper mills, 52 saw mills, 12 corn
mills, and 1,214 miscellaneous establishments; and they
employed steam engines with an aggregate of more than
12,000 horse-power, and produced goods for storage in
1,713 warehouses. The precise number of factories in
1867, owing to the difficulty of drawing a boundarydine
around ilauchester as a place of manufacture separating
••t from other seats of manufacture in its near neighbour-
hood, cannot be readily stated; but the proportion, as
comjiared with the rest of Lancashire and with Cheshire,
. or even as compared with all England and Wales, is very
hif^h. The total of spinning-factories in the kingdom at
the end of 1862 was 6,378, with 36,450,028 spindles,
employing 775,534 persons; the total of cotton spinning-
factories alone was 2,715, with 30,337,467 spindles, em-
ploying 407,598 persons; the total of these in Lancashire
was 1,979, with 21,530,532 spindles, emplo}-ing 315,627
pei'sous ; and tlie proportion in Llanchester and its neigh-
bourhood, as compared with the rest of Lancashu'e, can
thence be proximately estimated. A passage in the
factory returns of 1863 saj's, " Lancashire employs 77 '4
per cent, of the total number of persons employed in the
cotton trade in England and Wales. In the counties of
Lancaster, Chester, and York, the total increase of
mills since 1539 is 59'6 per cent., and of persons employed
9r2 per cent. In addition to this the speed of the
spindles has increased upon throstles 500, and upon
nmles 1,000 revolutions a-minute, that is, the speed of
the throstle spindle, whicli in 1839 was 4,500 times a-
minute, is now 5,000, and of the mule spiudle, that which
was 5,000 is now 6,000 times a-minute, amounting in the
former case to a tenth, and in tlie latter to a sixth ad-
ditional increase to that of the mills themselves."
The persons, witlun Manchester City and Salford
■borough, employed in the cotton manufacture at. the
census of 1861, were 4,619 males under 20 year* of age,
10,133 males at 20 years of age and upwards, 10,893
females under 20 years of age, and 17,151 females at 20
years of age and upwards; in the fustian manufacture,
197 and 1,003 males, and 203 and 740 females; in calico-
printing, 435 and 1,325 m., and 142 and 133 f ; in
calico-dyeing, 422 and 1,284 m., and 3 and 1 f ; in em-
ploj-ments akin to these, 135 and 816 m., and 18 and 78
f ; in silk manufacture, 309 and 1,702 m., and 1,632 and
8,488 f.; in silk dyeing and printing, 21 and 189 m.; in
ribbon manufacture, 6 and 25 m., and 4 and 15 f ; in
employments akin to these, 46 and 292 m., and 22 and
27 f ; in woollen cloth manufacture, 41 and 211 m., and
39 and 66 i. ; in worsted manufacture, 17 and S3 m., and
111 and 156 f. ; in employments akin to these, 24 and
142 m., and 10 and 29 f. ; in hat-making, 44 and 422 m.,
and 51 and 155 f ; in straw hat and bonnet-making 3
and 11 m., and 74 and 214 f ; in cap-niaking 191 and
589 f ; in shawl manufacture, 2 and 8 m.; in shoe and
l)oot-making, 457 and 3,787 m., and 124 and 573 (.; in
rope and cord making, 330 and 336 m., and 4 and 9 f ;
in other kinds of working of hemp, 54 and 119 m., and
15 and 5 4 f. ; in tobacco, cigar, and =nu'l" manufacture,
28 and 103 m., and 10 and 10 f. ; in bre'.nng and kindred
employments, 25 and C42 m., and 5 f. ; in soap boiling,
7 and 63 m.; in tallow chandlery, 15 and 53 ni., and I
and 1 f ; in corab-m.iking, 12 ami 19 rn., and 1 and 2 f ;
in tanning and leather-working, 100 and 514 ro., and 2
and 12 f ; in brush antl broom-making, 105 and 237 m.,
and 23 and 50 f. ; in basket-making, 26 and 144 m., and
7 and 17 f. ; ia j.aper manufacture, 59 and 36 m., and
22 and 40 f ; in fiapcr-box making, 42 and 37 f. ; in
paper staining, 49 and GO m., and 21 and 13 f . ; in other
workings in pa])er, 151 and 282 m., and 41 and 23 f ; in
earthenware manufacture, 17 and 59 m., and 2 and 11
f. ; in toUicco pipe m.aking, 10 and 71 m., and 8 and 13 f. ;
in glass m-xnufacture, 322 and 401 m., and SI and 23 f. ;
in copi)er i:.anufacture, 11 and 47 m. ; in tin manufacture,
4 and 9 m., and 3 (■ ; in tin-plate working, 112 and 435
in.; in pin manufacture, 10 and 12 f ; in brass founding,
126 and 361 m.; in wire-making and wire-working, 149
and 332 m. ; in iron manufacture, 1,679 and 4,637 m.;
in nail manufacture, 16 and 80 m., and 2 and 2 {.; in
anchor and chain-making, 23 and 28 m. ; in boiler-
making, 126 and 450 m. ; in steel-manufacture, 29 and
63 m. ; in dye and colour manufacture, 17 and 00 m. ; iik
dyeing and calendering, 31S and 955 m., and 10 and 22
{. ; in cabinet-making, 252 and 1,223 m., and 53 and
282 f ; in chair-making, 40 and 219 ui., and 1 and 9 f. ;
in picture frame-making, 29 and 82 rn. ; in saddlery and
harness-making, 51 and 221 m., and 3 f. ; in whip-
making, 7 and 39 m., and 1 f ; and in coach-making,
112 and 554 m., and 1 and 2 f
Tlie Township and tlie District. — The township of
Manchester lies on the E side of the Irwell, in the *N\V
part of the parish; and is divided, for poor-law purposes,
into the sub-districts of Anooats, Deansgate, London-
road, Market-street, and St. George. Pop. of the An-
coats sub-d. in 1851, 53,737; in 1861, 55,983. Houses,
10,137. Pop. of the Deansgate sub-d. in 1351, 33,219;
in 1861, 29,U29. Houses, 4,570. Pop. of London-road
sub-d. in 1851, 31,890; in ISGl, 28,817. Houses, 5,116.
Pop. of Market-street subd. in 1851, 27,067; in 1861,
23,526. Houses, 3,529. Pop. of St. George sub-d. in
1851, 41,073; in 1801, 43,055. Houses, 8,311. The de-
crease of pop. in Deansgate, London-road, and Mai'ket-
street sub-districts, was caused by the demolition of
houses for the widening of streets, the erecting of ware-
houses, and similar purposes; and so many as 1,900 of
the pop. of Market-street sub-d. in 1361 were persons in
tiie old workhouse, the Royal Infirmary, the E3'e
Hospital, and Chetham Hospital. Acres of the entire
township, 1,430. Real property in I860, £2,060,181 ; of
which £300 were in quaiTies, £939,763 in railways, and
£60,000 in gas works. Pop. in 1851, 186,930 ; in 1361,
185,410. Inhabited houses, 31,663 ; uninhabited, l,96Sr
building, 83. Tlie poor-law district corapreliends also
the sub -district of Newton, containing the townships of
Newton and Bradford, and the extra-parocliial tract of
Beswick; the sub-district of Cheetham, containing the
townships of Cheetham and Crumpsall; the sub-district
of Failsworth, containing the townships of Failsworth
and Moston; the sub-district of Blackley, containing the
townships of Blackley and Harpurhey ; and the sub-dis-
trict of Freslwich, containing the Prestwich townships of
Prestwich, Great Heaton, and Little Heaton. The five
sub-districts comprising Manchester township constitute-
Manchester poor-law union ; and the other five sub-dis-
tricts constitute Prestwich poor-law union. Poor-rates,
in 1363, of the M. union, £174,992; of the P. union,
£21,778. Acres of the entire district, 12,628. Pop. in
1851, 223,433; iu 1861, 243,988. Houses, 42,916.
Marriages in 1863, 4,513; birth.s, 9,047,— of which 653
were illegitimate; deaths, 8,071, — of which 4,033 were
at ages under 5 years, and 50 at ages above 85. Mar-
riages in the ten years 1851-60, 45,369; births, 91,233;
deaths, 74,359. Two workhouses for the M. union, as
already noticed, are iu New Bridge-street and Crumpsall;
and a workhouse for the P. union is iu Prestwich town-
ship.
TIlc Borowjh. — Manchester is a seat of assizes, general
and quarter sessions, a county court, a bankruptcy coui-t,
a recorder's court, a bishop's court, and various local
courts, a polling-place for the S division of Lancashire,
and the head-quartere of the northern military district.
The police force in 1856, exclusive of that of Salford,
comprised 1 chief constable, 5 superintendents, 23 in-
spectors, 62 Serjeants, 570 constables, and 8 detective
olhcers,— total, 074; and cost £41,936,— of which £9,619
were defrayu-d by govtrnmont. The crimes committed
iu the year ending 29 Sej.t. 1806, exclusive of Salford,
were 6,430; ihe persons appreliended, 1,335; the Iciiown
depredator.? and suspected persons at largo, 2,757; the
houses of bad character, 1,133. The old water-works
belonged to a private company, and gave a supply ilo-
fective both iu quality and in quantity. Tli'j new wa-
ter-works belong to the corporation; have their source
in Longdend.do, in the neighl)ourliood of Mottrain,
20 miles from Manchester; were constructed at a cosi
of £1,200,000; have five vast head-reservoirs, besidoa
MANCHESTER.
SG.";
JIANCIIESTER.
•ome minor ones; briii;; their supply through pipes of
very hirge bore, and jiartly tlirougu a tunnel, called the
Miitti-.ini tunnel, 2,772 yards long; and are sufficient,
rot only for trade, douiestic, and sanitary purposes, but
for provision against all accidents by fire. The fire bri-
gade is very eilective ; comprises about 37 men, classi-
licd in four divisions; has its hcad.]uarters in the police-
yanl, Claronce-strcet; and is providtd with 5 powerful
engines, 32 hand pumps, promptly applicable to street
hydrunts, and a corresponding number of all other requi-
site appliances. The gas-works originated, as a private
iindertaking, in 1S20-1; were situated in Lower King-
street; passed to the commissioners of police in 1824,
and to the city council in lS-t3; comprise now two great
suites of buildings, at Kochdale-road and Gaj-thorn, the
one witli a chimuey 300 feet high, the other with a front-
age or length of 390 feet, and each with a storage for
about 2,250,000 cubic feet; consume about 3,000 tons of
coals per week; and produce about 4,200,000 cubic feet
of gas per day. The consumption of gas in the city, ex-
clusive of Salford, amounted to 240,000,000 cubic feet
in 1S43-4; and increased so steadilv and rapidly as to
amount to about 1,280,000,000 in 1SG6-7.
Manchester received a charter from Thomas Gresley,
lord of the manor, in 1301; and was governed, xinder that
charter, by a borough-reeve and two constables. It was
not made a parliamentary borough till the pacing of the
act of 1832, nor a municipal borough till October 1838.
The m. borough comprises the townships of Manchester,
Hulme, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, Cheetham, and Ard-
wick, and the extra-parochial tract of Beswick; is di-
vided into the 15 wards of New Cross, St. Jlichael, Col-
legiate-Church, St. Clement, Exchange, Oxford, St.
James, St. John, St. Ann, All Saints, St. Luke, St.
George, Medlock-street, jVi'dwick, and Cheetham; and
is governed by a mayor, 16 aldermen, and 48 councillors.
Corpoi-ation income, in 1865-6, £150,341. Real property
in 1860, £2,617,936; of which £300 were in quarries,
£77,916 in canals, £989,763 in nilway.s, and £60,000 in
gas-work.s. Pop. in 1851, 303,382; in 1861, 338,722.
Houses, 61,487. The p. borough includes also the
townships of Newton, Bradford, and Harpurhej'; and
under the act of 1867, sends three members to parlia-
inent. Electors in 1868, 22,792. Amount of property
and income tax charged in 1863, £279,909. Pop. in
1851, 316,213; in 1861, 357,979. Houses, 65,375.
T/ie Parish. — The parish of Manchester was consti-
tuted soon after Oswald, kin" of Nortliumbria, founded
York cathedral; included, till 1291, what is now the ex-
tensive parish of Ashton-under-Lyne; is still so extensive
as to comi>rise S2 townships; and is bounded, on tiie N, by
Oldham, Prestwich, and Middleton parishes,- — on the E,
by Ashton-under-Lyne parish, — on the S, by Cheshire,
— on the W, by Eccles and Flixton parishes. The town-
ships in it are Manchester, Bradford, Newton, Cheetham,
Crump&all, Failsworth, Moston, Blackley, and Harpur-
hey, together with Beswick extra-parochial tract, in
Manchester di.strict; Salford and Broughton, in Salford
district; Chorlton-upon- Jledlock, Hulme, Moss-side,
Ardwick, Ofienshaw, Gorton, Rusliolme, Levenshulme,
Bumrige, Did-sbury, Withington, and Chorlton - cura-
Hardy, in Chorlton district; Droylsden, Denton, and
Haugiiton, in Ashton-uuder-Lj-ne district; Reddisli and
Hwiton-Norris, in Stockport district; and Stratford, in
l!arton-n]ion-lrwell district. Acres of the parish, 34,193.
Pop. in 1851, 451,754; in 1861, 529,245. inhabited
houses, 97,882; uninhabited, 4,0S2; building, 454.
One church, or even two or three churches, I'ery early
became insulficient for so rxst a parish; oratories or pri-
vate chanels wire soon, with concurrence of the rectors,
afterwards \\ith tliat of the wardens and fellows, erected
by the owners of the land on their respective estates;
and many other chapels or churches, as demands for
them arose by modern increase of papulation, have been
added. SectioiLs of the parish were assigned to those
chai'Cls as secondary yet separate charges; they were
eventually cl.issilied into si\' divisions, one coniprising
Jlanchester towndiip, anotlier comprising Salford and
Broughton, tlie otliors comprising the other townships;
and they now amount to seventy-nine. Four of the
sections, M.-St. Clement, Cnimpsall-St. Thomas, Arl-
wick-St. Miittiiew, and Morton, are indefinite. The
others, with their respective pop., are Mancneitcr-St.
Ann, 1,416; 51. -St. Andrew, 16,070; M. -Albert Memo-
rial, 9,600; M. -All Souls, 11,263; M.-St. liamaba.s,
8,232; M.-St. Catherine, 7,618; M.-St. George, 24,?,12;
M.-St. John, 12,469; M.-St. James, 4,074; il.-St. Judc,
12,308; M.-St. Marv, 3,507; M.-St. Michael, 11,525;
M.-St. Matthew, 11,257; M.-St. Paul, 6,609; iM.-St.
Peter, 2,904; 5I.-St. Simon and St. Jude, 4,515; Ard-
wick-St. Thoma.s 10,147; Ardwick-St. Silas. 10,375;
Barlow-Moor, 1,013; Birch, 1,723; Blackley, 3.112; B.-
St. Andrew, 1,000; Bradfordcam-Beswick, 4,500; Brad-
ford-road, 10,540; Broughton, 7,138; Cheetham-St.
Mark, 2,377; Cheetham-St. Luke, 4,719; Choriton-cum-
Hardy, 739; Chorlton-on-Medlock-All Saints, 12,068;
Chorlton- on -5Ied!..ok- St. Luke, 7,380; Chorlton ou-
MeiUock-St. Paul, 4,500; Choriton-ou-iSIedlock-St. Sa-
viour, 3,408; Chorlton-on-Medlock-St. Stephen, 6,379;
Collyhurst, 2,247; Crumpsall-St. Mary, 3,300; Bentou-
St. Lawrence, 3,127; Denton-Christchurch, 3,579; Dids-
bury, 803; Droylsden, 8,793; Failsworth, 5,113; Gorton,
2,447; Gorton-St. Mark, 4,305; Harpurhey, 5,126; Hea-
ton-Mersey, 1,875; Heaton-Nonis-Christchurch, 7,490;
Heaton-Norris-St. Thomas, 6,179; Heaton- Reddi.sh,
6,000; Hulme-St. George, 18,831; Hulme-Iloly Trinitv,
5,667; Hulme-St. John Baptist, 8,370; Hulme-St. Marv,
6,730; Hulme-St. Mark, 5,637; Hulme-St. MichaJl,
8,964; Hulme-St. Paul, 6,375; Hulme-St. Philip, 3,711;
Kersall-Moor, 976; Levenshulme, 2,538; Longsight,
2,927; Moss-side, 6,114; MUes-Platting, 5,153; Newton-
Heath, 11,241; Oldham-Road, 11,123; Openshaw, 2,777;
Red Bank, 8,167; Kusholme, 2,508; Stretford, 3,882;
Saiford-St. Bartholomew, 10,893: Salford-Christchurch,
9,414; Salford-St. Matthias. 7,194; Salford-Sr Philip,
11,415; Salford-St. Simon, 6,957; Salford-St. Stephen,
12,031; Salford Trinity, 12,192; Whalley-Range, 3,9::U;
and Withington, 2,775. The livings of Wanchester-St.
Barnabas, Manchester-St. Clement, and Moston, are p.
curacies, and all the other livings are rectories, in the
diocese of Manchester. Value of M.-St. Ann, £550; of
M.-St. Andrew, £155; of M. -Albert-Memorial, £217; of
M.-All Souls, £300; of M.-St. Barnabas, £300; of M.-
St. Catherine, £300; of M.-St. Clement, £149; of JL-
St. George, £300; of M.-St. John, £344; of M.-St.
James, £343; of ^^-St. Jude, £300; of 51. -St. JIarv,
£170; of M.-St. Michael, £300; of M.-St. Matthew,
£300; of M.-St. Paul, £300; of M.-St. Peter, £2.37; of
M.-St. Simon and St. Jude, £215; of l!.ulow-Moor, about
£230; of Collyhurst, £320.* Patron of M.-St. Ann,
M.-St. Georgel M.-St. Simon and St. Jude, and Barlow-
Moor, the Bishop of Manchester; of M.-St. Andrew, of
M.-All Souls, of 5L-St. John, of M.-St. James, of M.-
St. Mary, of M.-Sl. Michael, of M.-St. JIatthew, of M.-
St. Paul, and of M.-St. Peter, the Dcau and Chapter of
Manchester; of M. -Albert-Memorial, of M.-St. Barna-
bas, of M.-St. Catharine, of M. St. Clement, of M.-St.
Jude, and of Collyhuret, Trustees. The values aud the
patrons of the oth-r livings are stated in the articles on
their own several localities.
Tlie Diocese. — The diocese of Manchester was consti-
tuted in 1847-8. The collegiate church of St. Mary (or of
Christ) then beca-.ne the cathedral, and the warden aud
fellows of it became the dean aud canor.s. Tlie cathedral
establishment consists of the bishop, the dean, four can-
o)is, two arehdeacoiis, twenty honorary canons, a chancel-
lor of the diocese, and two minor canons. The income of
the bishop is £4,200; of the dean, £2,000; of each of tliieo
of the canons, £600; of one of the archdeacons, £200.
The residence of tlie bishop is Manlduth Hall, near iMan-
chcster. The tir.-t bishop. Dr. J. P. Loo, continued m
occupancy till his death on 24th Dec. 1869. The b.st
warden and lirst dian w.as the Hon. and Very Rev. \V.
Herbert. The diocese comprehends all I-,inca.4dre ex-
cept the deanery of Funuss aud Cartmel in the N\V,
and most of the deanery of Warrington in tlie S\V; aud
);; divided into tlie .archdeaconries of Manchester and Lan-
caster. Acres, 84.v,90J. Pop. in VoOl, 1,070,320.—
JIANCHESTER AND BIR.MIXGKAM ILVILWAY. 268
MANCHESTER SHEFFIELD, &c.
The livings are noted hero as they stodl in 15(35; but
some of tiiat date 'nave been raised in status, and some
more have been formed; and all these, in our separate ar-
ticles, are noted as they now stand.
The archileaconry ot' Manchester comprises nine dean-
eries of JIancliester, tliree of Blackburn, and one of Ley-
land One deanery of Manchester contains only a tract
around the cathedral; another contains twenty-five rec-
tories and two p. curacies in Manchester township and
contiguous places; a third contains twenty-four rectories,
chiefly in Chorlton and Hulrae; a fourth contains seven
rectories, three vicarages, and 19 p. curacies, chiefly in
Salford and Eccles; a lifth contains three rectories and
fourteen p. curacies, chiefly in Prestwich and Bury ; a
sixth contains eight rectories and nine p. curacies, chiefly
in the N parts of .Manchester parish, and in Middleton
and Bury ; a seventh contains one vicarage and twentj'-
eight p. curacies, in Rochdale and Prestwich ; an eighth
contains twelve rectories and nineteen p. ciu-acies in the
SE part of Manchester parish, and in Ashton-under-
Lyne and Rochdale; and a ninth contains three vicar-
ages and twenty-six p. curacies, chiefly in Boltou-le-
Moors and Deaue. One deanery of Blackburn contains
one \'icarage and twenty-four p. curacies, all in Black-
bum parish; another contains fifteen p. curacies, all in
'Whalley parish; and a third contains one vicarage and
twenty -four p. curacies, chiefly in Whalley parish. The
deanery of Leyhantl contains the rectories of Brindle,
Chorlcy, Croston, Eccleston, Hoole, Rutford, Standish,
and Tarletou; the vicarage of Leyland; and the p. cu-
racies of Chorley-St. George, Chorley-St. Peter, Bre-
therton, Maudesley, Douglas, Wrightington, Becconsal,
Leylaud-St. James, Euxton, Heapey, Iloghton, ^\^little-
le-\Voods, Withnell, Penwortham, Farington, Longton,
Adlington, Charnock-Richard, and CcppuJ.
The archdeaconry of Lancaster comprises four dean-
eries of Amoundeniess, and one of Tunstall. One dean-
ery of Amoimderness contains a vicarage and seven p.
curacies in Kirkham, a vicarage and four p. curacies in
Poulton-le-Fylde, three p. curacies in Bispham, and two
p. curacies in Lj-tham; another contains a vicarage and
sixteen p. curacies in Preston, the vicarages of Eib-
chester, Longridge, and Chipping, and the p. curacy
of Stidd; a third contains a vicarage and fifteen p.
curacies in Lancaster, and a vicarage and three p. cura-
cies in Cockerham; and a fourth contains a vicarage and
three p. curacies in Garstang, a vicarage and four p. cu-
racies in St. Miohael-on-WjTe, and two p. curacies in
Kirkham. The deanery of Tunstall contains the recto-
ries of Clanghton, Halton, Heysham, Tatham, and Whit-
tington ; the vicarages of Bolton-le-Sands, Melling,
Tunstall, and Warton ; and the p. curacies of Over-
Kellet, Aughton, Arkholme, Hornby, Wr?.y, Tatham-
Fell, Leek, Silverdale, and Yealand-Convers.
jManchester and altrixcha'm railway.
See Maxchestek, Sorxn Juxctiox, ^vxd Alteixcham
Railway.
MANCHESTER AXD BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY,
a railway in Lancr;shire and Cheshire ; from Manchester
south-south-eastward to Stockport, and thence south-
south-westward, past Alderley and Chureh-Hulme, to
Crewe. It was authorized in 1837, and opened in 1812;
it is 31 miles long, and goes into junction at Crewe with
the Grand .function line to Binaingham; it was formed
on a capital of £2,800,000; and it w.is amalgamated, in
1846, with the Grand Junction, and with the London
and Birmingham, to constitute the London and North-
western.
.AIANCHESTER AND LEEDS RAILWAY, a raUway
in I.Ancashire and Yorkshire ; from JIanchester north-
west^vard to Nomiantou Junction. It was authorized in
1S36, and opened in 1811 ; was formed at a cost of
£4G,9o8 per mile; was subsequently extended into con-
nexion with the Northwestern and Sheftield lines at
Ardwick station; was united, in 1844, with the Ashton
and Stah'ybridge line; and was amalgamated, in 1S47,
with the 31auche=ter, Bolton, and Bury, the Liverpool
snd Bury, the Hudderstitld and Shcttield, the West
Ridinc; Union, the East Lancashire, and the Wakefield,
Pontefract, and Goole, to constitute the Lancashire and
Yorkshire.
MANCHESTER AND LINCOLN UNION RAIL-
WAY. See Manchesiee, Sheffield, and Li.s'colx-
SHiEE Railway.
MANCHESTER AND LIVERPOOL RAILAVAY.
See Liverpool axd Mancilfsteb Railway.
MANCHESTER AND MILFORD RAILWAY, a
railway in Wales; from a junction with the Cambrian
line at Llanidloes southwestward to a junction with tha-
Carmarthen and Cardigan at Fencadii;-. It was author-
ized in 1860, for a length of 5] J miles, to be formed on
a capital of £550,000 in shai'es, and i:i85,000 in loans.
The company was further authorized, in 1S61, to con-
stnict a branch, 114 miles long, from Df^vil's Bridge to
Aber3'st\\ith, on a capital of £111,000 iu shares, and
£37,000 in loans, and to make atraagements with the
Northwestern, the Great Western, and the Cambrian;
obtained power, in 1865, to construct certain lines in
substitution of others, with aggregate length of 21 J-
miles, on a further capital of £15)^300 in shares, and
£5,100 in loans; and wa.s to complete the harbour line of
the Aberj-stwith and Welsh Coast, to lay down the
mixed gauge on the Cannarthen and Cardigan, and. to
enter into working arrangements with the Cambrian.
MANCHESTER, BOLTON, AND BURY CANAL,
a canal in Lancashire ; from Jlanchester northwestward
to Bolton, with a branch from it at Little Lever north-
eastward to Bur}'. It was formed in 1791 ; it rises 1854-
feet, with IS locks; and it became united in interest with
the Jfanchester, Bolton, and Bury railwav.
MANCHESTER, BOLTON, AND BURY RAIL-
WAY, a railway in Lancashire; from Manchester, north-
westward to Bolton. It was authorized in 1S31, and
opened in 1833; was formed at a cost of £67,000 per
mile; is 10 miles long to Bolton, with a branch to Bury;
and was amalgamated with other lines iu 1847, to con-
stitute the Lancashire and Yorkshire.
JIANCHESTER, BURY, AND ROSSENDALE
RAILWAY, a railway in Lancashire; from tho neii,-h-
bourhood of JIanchester northward, past Bury to Raw-
'tenstall. It was authorized in 1844 to Bury, and sub-
sequently to Eawtenstall, originally for a length of 14
miles, eventually for a total of 24 miles on the direct
line, together with 6 miles for branches; began to be.
formed en a capital of £300,000 in shares, and £100,000
in loans, and subsequently got additional capital of
£830,000 in shares, and .€276,000 in loans; was uniicd
in 1846 with the Blackburn and Preston to constitute the
East Lancashire; and became amalgamated with other
lines in 1847, to constitute the Lancashire aud Yorkshire.
MANCHESTER, BUXTON, SIATLOCK, AND MID-
LANDS JUNCTION RAILWAY, a railway in Derby-
shire; from the Jlidland at Ambergate, north-north-
westward to Rowsley. It was authorized iu 1846, and
opened in 1849; it is 11.^ miles long; it became incor-
porated with the Cromford canal; and it was leased in
1852, for 19 years, to jointly the Midland and the North-
western. The scheme for it originally contemplated a
length of 45 miles, onward to the Cheadle station of the
Northwestern; and, though the execution of the schenio
was never carried further than to Rowsley, a continua-
tion of the line now exists north-w'cstward, past Bake-
well, Buxton, Whaley-Bridge, aud Disley, to the North-
western at Stockport, thus bringing the original line into
direct communication with ilanchcster.
MANCHESTER, SHEFFIELD, AND LINCOLN-
SHIRE ILVILWAY, a rtiQway in Lancashire, Derby-
shire, Yorkshire, and Linoobishire ; ft-om Manche.-ter
east-by-northward to Great Grimsby, with branches in
several directions. A chief portion of it, originally tiio
Sheffield, Ashton-undcr-Lyne, and Manchester, was au-
thorized in 1837, and opened in 18(t : goes by Mottr.im,
Glossop, and Peuistone, to ShefiielJ; is 41} miles long;
has 7 t\i'.;riels of aggregately 6,245 yards in length, and
104 bridges ; and traverses some of the finest mou;)tain
scenery in the N of England. The entire system waa
constit"ted in 1846-7, by 'the am.ilgamation of tho
Shclheld, .i\shton- under -Lyne, and Manchester, the
MAXCOTT.
2G7
JIAXGOTSFIELD.
G:e-: Crlriiby aLl Slicfl-el.i Juuotion, the Shcflk-ld ftiiJ
LiiKlcj^arf. the S'lc-ffi-ld and Liucolnsliire FA-fi-nsion,
the >Ljsc}-rjter and Lincoln Union; and the Great
GrlT.r-v I>-.-.k; hcd in ISGT, inclusive of the South
YcrkiJilr?, i total P^'gregate length of 242^ miles; in-
chiiri, := i:3 property, the Grimsby new dock of 47^
acre?, •3-It:i ','2'ii feet of quayage; includes also in its
rrcperty, Vy r;;j:ljt of purchase, the Chesterfield and
Gairul-rV u.-h coual; includes further, b}' ri^ht of per-
T<t'^2l IfiJ^"^ the Vidk Forest, tlie JilacclesCeld, and the
A-ttOQ ind OMuan.. canals ; comprises, under lease of
{^3 jMri, tbe .v.uth Yorkshire railvray; and has con-
E^xicziS with -ibe ''•Vest; Riding and Grimsby, the Great
^orriem, tb-? Manchester, South Junction, and Altrin-
cLaiE. zhi OMb::ra, Ashton, and Guide-]5ridge, the Mar-
-•]€, ^^eT MS]?, and Hayfield Junction, the Cheshire
Midljizi, tl? Or.rsTou and Lirerpool, the Stockport,
T;:cj-rlef, an-.l AJtrincham Junction, the Stockport and
^Vc'jdlrj" Jcn.tioc, and the AVest Chesliire, and the
Li-erKv-'l C-snrril Station, 'fh? company -nas author-
ized ii July 1S?5 to construct a line, 32i miles long,
from the South Junction in Jfanchester to the Garston
ii! Lirerpc-D', on a capital of £750,000 in shares, and
£25'.' CvO icIr^nsL
3Li2CCHESTER, SOUTH JUXCTIOX, AXD AL-
TEINCHAM RAILWAY, a raihray in Lancashire and
ChesHrr: f- zz Manchester south-westi\-ard to Altriu-
eh-iT.\ a='i B-:Td;a. It consists of two parts; Jrst, the
Sc^tb Jtincxijn line, li mUe long, connecting the linos
at Lcjir'n-rvii, Manchester, Tvith the Northwestern at
OrdiaJ-liEe, Silford: second, the Altiincham branch, 7|
isHes iizis; fr-.^m the South Junction line to Eowdon.
It wa= :a:h'.rh:ed in 1S45; was formed on a capital of
£29C-, ':-;<• in ih.ir«, and £216,066 in loans, contributed
in caiBi trorcTr;'''r:s bv the Northwestern and the Man-
chester, SherSell, and Lincolnshire; and, by an act of
1S5?, — 3i p]2ce-i Tmder the supervision of a standing
MANCCTT. a township in Hawardcn parish, Flint;
CE. the rlrer D*e and the Chester and Holyhead railway,
1 irile NE cf Ha-.^arden. It contains the hamlet of
Lirth Jfancort. Acres, 2S2. Real propert)-, £999.
Pop.. iC-i. He uses, 53. Some of the inhabitants are
tTaploTei in iron and lead mines.
JLLNCROFT, a parish and a sub-district in Norwich
district, Norfolk. The parish is in Nonvich city, and
liars thi name cf Mancroft-St. Peter. Real propertv,
£22,015. Pop. in 1:51, 2,992; in 1861, 2,575. Housti's
520. The decrease of i>op. arose partly from a progi-ess fif
r^jAir :2 the Eih-markct and adjoining houses, and partly
firoa ihi'ckc-rr-ir? taking residences elsewhero than at
tteir T'li'i-es i: business. The liWng is a p. curacy in the
^xi£^ :•: N^rrrieh. Value, £S7. Patrons, the Parish-
ioners. The stsb-district contains also the parislies of
St. G:li=, 5:. St<-r>ben, Eaton-St. Andrew, and Lakeu-
hani, 2r.-i th? liberty of Town Close. Pop., 14,397.
He-:?;*. .3.23'>. S;e Noiiwrcu.
3IA2>"CUNir^r. See ifANcnESTER.
MA.VDUE.S:=EDUM. See Maxcetter.
MANhiON HILL. See Beechdukn.
MANi-A, cr Maxey, a %-illage and a chapelrj' in Covc-
tev T.ar;--h, Cirr:>ridc,e. The village stands near the Old
Bt'Ifoyi rlror, and near the Pet'srborough, March, and
Zlj rail's-jy, i\ mile.s SE of March; and has ■?, station on
th* raii^.^T, ar. i a pC'St-offioe under March. The chapelry
ccv-ir.^;' i,7'i uc:>-s. Real projierty, £9,054. Pop.
in ii'-l, ],2'"5. Houses, 260. The pop. underwent
znzL:h izrrws'; V-rfore IS''". The property is subdivided.
The iiir;or l-elongs to Lord Rokely. An incipient
stro::g b-cSditg: s'oo-1 on a hillock, designated Cliarle-
monx, andTTis the nri'leusof an intended palace, founded
by Charif I., bat r'^linquished, in an incipient state, in
onse-itmce c-f his pT:blic troubles. Ancient urns, con-
taiELn':: b-.imt V/or:e«, have been found. The living is a
r. curacy, arinesed to the rectory of Coveney, in the
di<--ces« of EI". The chundi is a brick structure,
r*>?<!C"l7 in V'ir.' dilipidated condition ; and :i new
(rhcrch, en :» ivU-:t site, was cnnteniidaffd in ]3'j7.
The,-e -re chi[-rls for Baptists and Jlethodists, and an
endowed national schooL Conjxrs Middlcton was in'
cumbent.
MANERBIER. See Maxorcier.
MANERDEILO. See Manordeilo.
MANERDIVY, or MAENOKDEwr, a pari.sh in the dis-
trict of Cardigan and county of Pembroke; on the river
TeiC, at the bo\mdary with Cardigansliiro, adjacent to
the Camiarthen and Cardigan railway, 4.! miles SE by E
of Cardigan. Post-town, Cardigan. Acres, 3,506. Re.il
property, £2,629. Pop. in 1851, 956; in 1S61, 89o\
Houses," 207. Pcr.tre, Fynonau, and Clynviev are chief
residences ; and the first was the birthjdace of Dr.
Saunders, author of "Short Illustrations of the Bible."
The living is a rectory in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £222.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The
church is dedicated to St. David.
MANERNAAVEN. See Maxoro\\t-:.v.
MANESTY, a locality at the foot of Korrowdalo, i:i
Cumberland; 4} miles S of Keswick. It has a medicinal
spring, and conimands a fine view of Eorrowdale.
MANEWDEN, or Manudex, a village and a parish
in the district of Bishop-Stortford and county of Essex.
The village stands on the river Stort, 2 miles E of the
boundary with H'-rts, 3 A\' by N of Elsenham r. station,
and 4 N of Bishop-Stortford; and has a post-office under
Bishop-Stortford, and a fair on Easter Monday. The
parish comprises 2,4S6 acres. Real property, £4,092.
Pop., 740. Houses, 153. The manor belongs to R.
Gosling, Esq. INIauewdtn House stands in the centre
of the village, ?,nd is the seat of J. Thomixs, Esq. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Rochester. Value,
£215.* Patron, the Rev. St. Jolm W. Thorpe. The
church consists of nn:ve, S aisle, N transept, and chancel,
with tow^er and s]iire; and, excepting the transept, was
all recentlj- restored. There are an Independent chapel,
a village school, and charities £49.
MANEY, a village in Sutton-Coldfield parisli, AVar-
wiok; 1 mile S of Sutton-Coldfield.
JIANEY, Cambridge. See JManka.
MANEYTHE.SNEY, a towuiship in Llanvair-AVater-
dine parish, Salop ; 10 miles SW of Bishops-Castle.
Pop., 52.
MANFIELD, a township and a parish in Darlington
district and N. R. Y''orkshire. The township lies on the
river Tees at the boundary with Durham, 2i miles SSE
of Piercebridgc r. .staiion, and 4J WSAV of Darlington;
and has a post-office uuder Darlington. Acres, 2,7S2.
Real property, £3,430. Pop., 351. Houses, 74. The
parish contains also the toNvnship of Cliffb, ami comprises
3,455 acres. Real property, £4,473. Pop., 405. Houses,
S3. The property is divided chiefly between two. The
manor belongs to R. B. Wilson, Esq. The parish is a meet
for the Raby hounds. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese of Ripou. Value, £466.* Patron, the Lord Chan-
cellor. The church is ancient; was restored, at much
cost, in 1S55; and has a tower, a rich E window, and ii
white stone font. There are an endowed school with
£30 a-year, and charities about £15. A new school-house
was built iu 1857.
MANGERSBURY, a hamlet in Stow-on-the-V'old
parish, Gloucester; | a mile SE of Stow. Acres, 1,770.
Real property, £3,057. I'op., 486. Mangersbury House
is a chief residence.
MANGOTSFIELD, a village and a parish in the dis-
trict of Keynsham and county of Gloucester. The tillage
stands adjacent to the Bristol and Birmingham railway,
6 miles NE of l!ri.~tol; and has a station on the railway,
and a post-olhcc under Bristol. The parish contains also
Stajdchill nud Dowuend. Acres, 2,591. Real property,
£9,975; of whicli £30 are in quarries, £500 in mines, ?ud
£'•.5 ill iron-works. Pop. iu 1S51, 3,967; in 1S61, 4,222.
llouse.s, 922. Tlic ya-ujierty is much subdiviiled. Tlierc
are numerous good residences. Pennant stone is worked
in the N; and the coal tract of Kingswood adjoins the
S. There was ancientlj- a nunnery; and remains of ic
e.xisted in tlie time of Leland. The living is a vicarage,
united with tlic chapelry of Downend, in the iliocese o(
Glourestvr and Bri.-^tt.l. , Value, £251. Patron, ttii-;
Rev. A. Pcache. The church was mainly rcbiult iu lid'J:
MAITGKOVE-GREEN'.
263
JIANORBIER.
is in the pointed stjle; and consists of naye, N aisle,
chantry, and chancel, with tower and spire. A chapel
of ease, with 1,020 sittings, is at Downend There arc
chapels for Independents, Baptists, and AVesleyans, two
national schools, an infant school, and an Independent
day school. A police station is at Stnplehill.
MANGROYE-GKEEN, a hamlet in Lilley parish,
Herts ; IJ mile S of Lilley Tillage.
MANHOOD, a .sub-district and a hundred in Sussex.
The sub-district is in Westhampnett district; and con-
tains the jtarishes of Birdham, "West Itchenor, West
"Wittering, East Wittering, Earnley, Sidlesham, and
Selsey. Acres, 17,455. Pop., 3,418. Houses, 740. —
The hundred is in Chichester rape, and is conterminate
■with the sub-district.
MANIFOLD (The). See 5L\nyfold (Tue).
MANIGCEASTKE. See M.i>-cu ester.
MAN (Isle of). See Mak.
MANLES.S-GREEX, a hamlet in Skelton townsliip
and parish, N. R. Yorkshire; 2 miles NE of Guisbrough.
JIANLETH, a township in Llanidloes pari.sh, Mont-
gomery; near Llanidloes.
MANLEY, a townsliip in Frodsham parish, Cheshire;
near Delamere forest, 3^ miles S by W of Frodsham.
Acres, l,32i3. Real property, £2,042. Pop. in 1851,
395; in 1361, 294. Houses, 59. The decrease of pop.
was caused by discontinuance of employment in stone
quarries. Manley Hall is the seat of Capt. H. Heron.
A public school-house is in the parish, and is used as a
chapel of ease.
il ANLEY, a wapentake in the parts of Lindsey, Lin-
colnshire ; cut into three divisions, E, N, and W. Tlie
E div. contains Bottesford parish, eight other parishes,
and part of another. Acres, 42,247. Pop. in 1351,
8,607. Houses, 1,771. The N div. contains Appleby
parish and nine other parishes. Acres, 35,946. Pop.
in 1351, 5,503. Houses, 1,167. The W div. contains
Althorpe parish, seven other parishes, and part of an-
other. Acres, 50,226. • Pop. in 1851, 14,213. Houses,
3,069. Pop. of the whole in 1361, 29,534. Houses,
6,476.
M ANLLWD, a township in Kerr}-parish, Montgomery;
jiear Newtown. Pop., 56.
MANMOEL. See Mamhole.
ilANNAMEAD, a village in Charles-the-Martyr par-
ish, Devon ; 1 J mile NNE of Plymouth.
MANNIE. See Axgleset.
MANNINGFOKD-ABBOTS, a parish in Pewsey dis-
trict, Wilts; on the river Avon, 2 miles SW of Pewsej'
r. station. Post-to\\'n, Pewsey, under Marlborough.
Acres, 919. Real property, £1,434. Pop., 139. •Houses,
32. The manor belonged to Llanthony abbey; and was
given, at the dissolution, to Protector Somerset. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Salisbury. Yalue,
£300.'' Patron, Sir F. Astley, Bart. The church is
■ ancient.
MANNINGFORD-EOHUN, a tything in Wilsford
parish, Wilts; on the river Avon, 3 miles SW of Pewsey
r. station. Acres, 1,305. Real property, £1,843. Pop.,
254. Houses, 60.
MAXNINGFORD-BRUCE, a parish in Pewsey dis-
trict, Wilts; on the river Avon, and on the Berks and
Hants railway, 2,^ miles SW of Pewsey r. station. It
luis a post-office under JIarlborough. Acres, 1,083.
Real property, £1,831. Pop., 252. Houses, 65. The
property is chiefly in one estate. The li\-ing is a rectory
in the diocese of Salisbury. Yalue, £310.* Patrons,
Trustees. The church is Norman, in bad condition ;
has a circular E end; and contains a monument to JIary
Lane, who assisted in the escape of Charles II. at Wor-
cester. There is an infant school.
MANNINGHAM, a town-hip and two chapelries in
Bradford parish, W. R. Yorkshire. The township com-
prises the NW suburb of Bradford; extends 2 miles NW
of the town; has a station on the B. auil Leeds railway;
and contains three hamlets. Acres, 1,295. Real pro-
jierty, £41,752; of which £1,037 are in quarries, and
£1,820 in mines. Pop. in 1851, 9,604; in 1861, 12,889.
Houses, 2,079. Manningharn Hall, with much of the
land, belongs to S. C. Lister, Esq. The hall was built
near the end of list century-, on the site of a previous
mansion, long in possession of the Li.^ters; and is sur-
rounded by a park. CLx-k House, Whetley Hill, and
Bolton Royds also are chief residences; and many houses
of a superior class have been erected since 1851. Manv
of the inhabitants are employed in the worsted and stnlf
manufactures.— The two chapelries are St. Jude and St.
Paul, and were cocrtituted in 1344 and 1846. Pop in
1861, of St. Jude, 5,S91j of St. Paul, .';,253. Tl'e liv-
ing of St. J. is a p. curacy, of St. P. a vicarage, in the
diocese of Ripon. Yalues, £300* and £150.* J'atrou
of St. J., the Yicar of Bradford; of St. P., J. Hollings,
Esq. St. Jude's church stands in Lumb-lane; and was
erected in 184-3, at a cost of about £3,000. St. Paul's
church was erected in lSi7, and twice enlarged prior to
1367, at an aggregate cost of about £6,000, all defrayed by
J. Hollings, Esq. ; and is a handsome edifice in the early
English style. There are a very fine Independent chapel,
a Wesleyan chapel enlaigc-d in 1865, a national school,
and Wesleyan schools in the Tudor style erected in
1865.
MANNINGTON, a hamlet in Guasage-All Saints par-
ish, Dorset; 4j miles SW of Cranbome. Pop., 76.
MANNINGTON, a parish in Aylsham district, Nor-
folk; near the river Bure, 4i mdes NW by N of Aylsham,
and 12 NE by E of Elmham r. station. Post-town,
Aylsham, under Nonrich. Acres, 548. Real property,
£628. Pop., 6. Houses, 2. The property, witli Man-
nington Hall, belongs to the Earl of Orford, The living
is a rectory, annexed to the rectory of Itteringham, in
the diocese of Norwich. The church is in ruins.
MANNINGTREE, a small town, a parish, and a sub-
district in Tendring district, Esse.x. The town stands
on the navigable river Stour, at the boundar)' with Suf-
folk, adjacent to the junction of the two lines of the
Great Eastern railway toward Ipswich and Harwich, SJ
miles NE of Colchester; extends partly into the parishes
of Mistley and Lawford; was known at Domesday as
Sciddiuchon ; is irregularly built, yet contains some
good houses; carries on a considerable trade in brewing,
malting, and the sale of corn ; had forjnerly a con-
siderable shipping trade, which declined in consequence
of greater facility of transit afforded by railway; is stiO
a considerable centre for country traffic ; and has a head
post-office,t two railway stations with telegraph, two
banking-offices, two chief inns, a weekly market on
Thureday, a fair on ^Yhit-Thursday, a corn-exchange, a
church, Independent and Wesleyan chapels, a mechanics'
literary and scientu'ic institution, and a national school.
The corn-exchange was built in 1365; is of white brick,
with stone dressings; has a front with tetrastyle Corinth-
ian portico, and two circular-headed windows ; contains
thirty stands ; and is used also for public meetings,
lectures, and concerts. A new cattle-market, with sheds
and pens, is in a back lane, near the corn-exchange. The
church was built in 1616, and enlarged in 1339; and
contains a monument to Thomas Osmond, who suffeVeel
martyrdom in the town in 1515. The mechanics' insti-
tution w.as built in 1S49, is in the Tmlor style, and has
a library of about 1,000 volumes. Shakspeare speaks of
a "roasted Manningtree ox with a pudding in its pouch;"
and the author of Hudibras alludes to a witch-finder,
M. Hopkins, who lived in Manningtree. The parish
comprises 30 acres of land and 85 of water. Real pro-
perty, £.3,765. Pop. in 1851, 1,176"; in 1361, 831.
Houses, 221. The manor belonged to Adeliza, the half-
sister of William ihe Conqueror; was afterwards given
to Canon-Leigh nunnery; passed to the Itainsworths;
and belongs now to T. G. Kensit, Esq. The living i.s a
p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Mistley, in the dio-
cese of Rochester. — The sub-district contains also six
other parishes. Acres, 17,342. Pon., 5,223. Houses,
1,205.
MANOR. See Castlf.-Cart.
MANOR AND RAKE, a township in Hawardeu
parish, Flint; near the river Dee, 1 mile E of Hawarden.
Acres, 918. Real property, £1,650. Pop., 83. Hou.ics,13.
MANORBIER, or M.axorbeae, a village nud a par-
MANOKDEILO.
269
MANSFIELD.
Lib in the .liitrict aiij county of Pembroke. The vill.'ge
stasis oa the cr.a^t, a«ljacent to the Pembroke atiJ Tcn-
hj- ri-I-civ, 5 tniles ESE of Pembroke; and has a station
'•n t!:e riil^M", and a {•ost-otfice under Tenby. The par-
isli rontTins also tin hamlets of Jaineston and Newton.
A>r-^, 3,49.3. P.eal iTopeit)', i:5,169; of which £125
i:e ii qaarnei Po['., 715. Houses, 151. The jivo-
pi*rty is divide-i among a few. Mauorbier Ca.stle was
built La :he tini-; of Heury I., by \Villiam Je Barri, an-
"r-itor of Gira2dj5 Cambrensis; p.xssed, through the
Win'iiors acl others, to Phillipps of Picton; belongs
aow ; 5 Lord ililfoni ; appears to have been constructed
in tha mauH'er more of a convenient mansion than of a
"eiiu fortress; u -ow an extensive ruin, little altered
frjia it- ori.j;i23d condition, except by the erosions
•if ti:ne ; iscluiles moat, entrance - gateway, parts of
surrctnliag rac^turts, and a lofty loop-holed embat-
tlid wall; ai-d stands on a connmanding site, overlooking
a iea^;h.of coiist. Giraldu3 Cambrensis was born here;
and his lilt, in his Itinerary, a glowing description of
the fih-pjnds, the vineyards, the hazel-groves, and
other i.rrract!oiis of his native place, all now quite or
searly estinct. 'lue coast, however, is picturesque; and
shows, araoru; other features, a cromlech on cliffs at a
jare, and tw.j or three curious fissures, about 100 feet
de«p, in oM red san^istone rock. The living is a vicarage
in the dioc«e of St. DaWd's. Value, £125. Patron,
Christ's CoCtge, Cambridge. The church is a wildly
irregular ancient stnictore; has a N tower, in the angle
of trinsep: .ind chancel; comprises remarkably formed
o ais.r, transej
and nave-vaidts ; shows very curious
interl'.r archer, rising from square piers without capital
or imp-r^t; contains a monument of the De Banis; and
■.va? rerently reatortd.
3IAN0P.'DEIL0 (Lower and UprER), two hanil..'ts in
Llaniil>faw-r piuish, Cdncarthen; on the river Towy,
near Llmiilo-fawr. Keal property, £2,1S7 and £1,767.
Poo., 3io anl 3S1
SLANORFABOy, a hamlet in Llandilo-fawr parish,
Canoirthen; on the river Towy, 2 miles XE of LUuidilo-
fawr. Rtal property, £2,033. Pop., 424.
ilAZsOROWEN', a parish in Haverfordwest district,
Pem'^-iike; on the coast, 1 mile W by S of Fishguard,
and 13 N\V of Ciarbeston-Road r. station. Post-town,
F ishguird, undrr Haverfordwest. Acres, 1,263. Real
priperty, £971. Pop., 156. Houses, 36. The pro-
f.-rtV is much subdivided. Manorowen House is the
seat of the B-Dwens, and stau'ls near the old seat of Lewis,
the anri'icary. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of St. Davids. Value, £S6. Patrons, the Subchanter
and Vi.-ars Choral of .St. David's. The church is good.
MA2nORS, a riilway station in Northumberland; on
ths XeTcastle and TjTiemouth railway, between New-
':,-i5:le and Heaton.
ilANSELFIELD, z. hamlet in Nicholaston parish,
Glamor^-an; near Oxwich bay, 6^ mQes SW by S of
Lcu~h'.ir. Pop., 3^.
.'.fANiELL-GAMAGE, a parish in Weobly district,
Herifo.-l; 2 miles SSE of Moorhampton r. station, and
o S of VTeoblv. Post-town, Bishopstone, under Here-
ford. Acres,' 1,323. Real property, £1,S57. Pop.,
131. Houses, 27. The property is divided among ft few.
Gamjns, a nne castelUted mansion, is the seat of Sir J.
G. Cvrt .-rell, Bar:. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese cf Hc'-.ieforl Value, £100. Patron, Sir. J. G.
Cot'ereU, B^rt. The church is decorated English, in
g'»i c-jndition.
iIANSKLL-L-\CY, a parish in Weobly district, Hcre-
fcfi; .>n an ii'Jlueut of the river Wye, 2} miles KW of
CVe-leahiU r. station, and i\ SSE of Weobly. Post-
town, HeielorL Acres, 1,.^47. Real property, £2,356.
P*p., -331. Houses, 54. The manor belong.s to Sir R".
Price, Bart. Minsell Houje, adjacent to the churcli, is
a cai^f residencrt. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of Hereford. VaJae. £162. Patron, the Rev. G. H.
Davcnoort. The church is ancient, and has a tower.
ALvNSEiiOH, a 'ownship-chapelry in Jvirkby-Lons-
Ji!e rnrish, Wcjtinor-jl.ui 1 ; on tlic river lame, 1 wile
^^"SW of Barbca r. stati'-n, and 2^ X of KLikby-Lous- '
d.ale. Post-town, Kirkby - Lonsdale, under Burton,
Westmoreland. Acres, 2,563. Real property, £2,475.
Pop., 190. Hoiises, 35. The property is sublivilid.
Mansergh Hall is a chief residence. The living is a p.
curacy in the dioc-se of Carlisle. Value, £110. Patron,
the Vicar of Kirkby-Lousdale. The church is ancient
and good.
MANSFIELD, a town, a parish, a sub-district, and a
district in Notts. The town stands on the river Maun,
at the terminus of the Nottingham and Mansfield rail-
way, near Ryknield-street and Shei wood-forest, 2, miles
SE of the boundary with Derbyshire, and 17i N by W
of Nottingham. A Roman station probably was here ;
and many Roman coins and other Roman reli;s have
been found. Even an ancient British settlement is sup-
posed, by some antiquaries, to have preceded the Roman
station. The manor was a hunting-seat of the Mercip.n
and the Norman kings ; went to the Earls of Chester;
and passed, through the Hastingses and others, to the
Dukes of Newcastle, and from them to the Duke of
Portland. " Tlie miller of Mansfield" isfamUiar to most
readei-s acquainted with the exploits of Robin Hood in
Sherwood-forest; and he is said, in Percy's "Roliques, "
to have given entertainment to Henry II. A mill still
standing is believed to occupy the site of the ancient
miller's mill. W. Mansfield, a learned friar, Ridley,
the physician, Dodsley. the author of the " Economy cf
Human Life," Bishop Chappell, and Archbishop Sterne,
were natives; Roberts, the first worker of double-point
net lace in frames, and Murray, the inventor of the cir-
cular saw, were residents; and the family of Murray take
from JIansfield the title of Earl.
The town consists chiefly of five principal streets, ra-
diating from a central market-place; is built of a dark-
coloured stone, quarried in the neighbourhood: and h.io
undergone considerable improvement. A handsome
monument to Lord George BentLnck stands in the centre
of the market-place; was erected in 1850, at a cost of
£1,000; has the form of a market-cross, in the early
English .«t}de; and is 24 feet square, and 50 feet high.
The old moot-hall stands on the N side of the market-
place; was erected in 1752, by the Countess of Oxford;
contained apartments fn- public business, and a fine as-
sembly-room; and, though still the place of nomination
for the N Notts members of parliament, has been con-
verted into a shop. The new town-hall stands on the S
side of the market-place; was built in 1836, by a com-
pany of shareholders; has ahamlsome illuminated clock;
contains a subscription library and news-room, and a
spacious assembly-room; and is a place of petty-sessions
and county-courts. A police station is in JLarket-street,
and adjoins the town-hall. Public baths were erected in
1853, at a cost of about £1,500. The parish churcli, or
church of St. Peter, shows traces of Norman and early
English ; was partly burned in 1304 ; is chiefly later
Engli.sh, with tower and spire; and was proposed to be
restored in 1860. St. John's church was built in
1855, at a cost of about £7,000; and is a hau'lsome stone
edifice. There are chapels for Independent.s, Baptists,
Quakers, We.slcyans, Primitive Methodists, L''nited Free
>icthodi=ts, and Unitarians. The Weslcyaii chapel was
rebuilt in 1865, at a cost of £2,500; and is in the Ita-
lian Corinthian style. The jniblic cemetery occupies a
pleasant spot on the Nottingham-road, about a mile from
the town; comprises about 10 acres; is entered through
a tower gate w.ay, surmounted by a neat octagonal spire;
and has, at the sides of the gate-way, two very handsome
chapels, mutually similar in design. The free grammar
school was foundedbyQucen Elizabeth, and improved by
Archbishop Sterne; and has about £450 a-year from en-
dowment, anil four scholarships at Corpus Christi Col-
li'gc, Cambridge. Cierkson's boys' charity school w;is
founded in 1731, and rebuilt in 1849; and has £332 a-
ycar from endowment. Thompson's charity school w.ts
founded in 17SG, and has £45 a-year from endowment.
There are also s.;hools connected with St. Joha'."". church,
a British school in Stockwell-gate, and a mecli inics' in-
stitute. Brunt's charity consists of houses and land.-i iu
Nottingham anl other places: yields about £l,fc00 a-
MANSFIELD.
sro
MANTHORPh.
year; anil distributes that amount yearly among upwards
of 300 persous. Sirs. Heath's alms-houses were founded
in 1693 ; were originally twelve, but were recently in-
creased to eighteen ; and have an endowed income of
about £360. There are other charities witli about £1,290
a-year.
The to\vn has a head post-office,+ a railway station with
telegraph, three banting-offices, and several good inns;
and publishes a weekly newspaper. A weekly market,
for corn and prorisions, is held on Thursday. A market
for stock is held once a-mouth on Thursday. Fairs for
stock and horses are held on the second Thursday of
April and 10 July; a fair for cheese, and for stock and
-horses, is held on the second Thursday of October; and
a hiring-fair is held on the first Friday of November.
Eaces are held, on a course within Sherwood forest, in
July. Stocking-frameknittingwasformerlyesiensive; and
still employs a number of the inhabitants, but has beeu
gradually superseded by the use of power locims. Lace-
thread mills, both in the town and in the neighbour-
hood, and iron -fouil dries of large and increasing extent,
now afford the chief employment. Excellent limestone
and sandstone, and a very superior kind of moulding
sand, are largely worked in tlie vicinity; and the last
contributes much to the success and increase of the iron
foundries. A double tram railway, from Bull's Head-
lane to Pinxton on the Cromford canal, a distance of 71
miles to the SW, ^ith a branch to Codnor-park iron-
works, was long of great advantage to the local trade;
and this is now superseded by a locomotive line, partly
identical with the terminal portion of the Nottingham and
Mansfield railway, and partly a branch thence going into
junction with the Erewash Vallej- and Chesterfield rail-
way. Pop. of the town in 1S61, 8,316. Houses,
1,866.
The parish contains also the hamlets of Pleasley-Hill,
Eadmanthwaite, Moorhaigh, Penniment-Houses, Dales-
torth, Bleak-Hills, and Oakham. Acres, ?,OrO. Keal
property, i'32,798; of which £293 are in quarries, and
£600 in ^as-works. Pop. in 1851, 10,667; in 1361,
10,225. Houses, 2,248. A section of the parish, form-
ing the chapelry of St. John, was constituted a separate
charge in 1857, and had a pop. of 4,192 in 1861. The liv-
ing of St. Peter is a vicarage, and that of St. John is a
vicarage, united \vith the chapelrj- of Pleasley-Hill, in
the diocese of Lincoln. Value of St. Peter, £250;* of
St. John-with-Pleasley-Hill, £300.* Patron, of both, the
Lishop'of Lincoln. The sub-district is ccnterminate
with the parish. — The district contains also the snb-dis-
trict .of Blidworth, containing the parish of Blidworth
and the extra-parochial tracts of Haj'woo-i-Oaks and
Lyndhurst; the sub-district of Sutton-in-Ashfield, con-
taining the parishes of Sutton-in-Ashfield and Skegby,
and tlie extra-parochial tract of Fulwood ; the sub-dis-
trict of Warsop, containing the parishes of "Warsop and
JIansfield-Woodhouie; the sub-district of Pleasley, con-
taining the parishes of Teversall, Plcasley, Upper Lang-
with, and ScarclitT, and the township of Glapwell, — all,
except Teversall, electorally in Derby ; and the sub-dis-
trict of Blackwell, containing the parishes of Blackwell,
Tibshelf, Pinxton, and South Normanton,— all electorally
in Derby. Acres, 55,960. Poor-rates in 1863, £13,211.
Pop. in 1851, 30,146; in 1861, 30,503. Houses, 6,444.
Iklarriages in 1863, 267; bii-th.s, 1,066, — of which 121
were illegitimate; deaths, 684,-:-of which 2&3 were at
ages under 5 years, and 15 at ages above S5. Marriages
in the ten years 1851-60, 2,316; births, 10,551; deaths,
6,464. The places of worship, in 1851, were 17 of the
Church of Encrland, with 6,504 sittings; 3 of Independ-
ents, with 1,239 s. ; 6 of Baptists, with 1,240 s.; 1 of
Quakers, with 400 s. ; 1 of Unitarians, with 240 s.; 14
of Wcsleyan Methodists, with 2,630 s. ; 3 of New Con-
nexion Methodists, witli 527 s. ; 14 of Primitive 51e-
thodists with 1,348 s.; 3 of AVeslcyan l;..f..ntiers, with
C20 s.; 2 undefined, with 631 attend.iut.s: and 4 of
Latter Day Saints, witli 320 s. The schools were 23
public d.ay-schools, with 1,753 scholars; 40 private day-
f.chools, with 1,413 .s.; 48 Sunday schools, with 5,234 s.;
and 6 evening schools for adults with 120 s. The work-
house is iu Stockwell-gate, Mansfield; and, at the census
of 1861, had 144 inmates.
MANSFIELD-WOODHOUSE, a village and a parish
in Mansfield district, Notts. The village stands ^ of a
mile W of the river Maun, and 14 N ofilansfield r. sta-
tion; was burnt in 1034 ; is a large place, with some old
houses; and has a post-ofSce under Mansfield, and a fair
on the third Wednesday of Oct. The parish includes
part of Sherwood forest, and comprises 2,860 acres.
Real property, £8,314; of which £48 are iu quarries.
Pop. in 1851, 1,972; in 1S61, ,2,263. Houses, 492.
The property is divided among a few. The manor and
much of the land belong to the Duke of Portland.
The Priory is the seat of G. Robinson, Esq., and Dcb-
dale is the seat of E. T. Coke, Esq. A number of
the inhabitants are employed in fi-anie-work knitting.
A small double-ditched Roman camp is at "Winuy-Hui;
and many Roman coins, pavements, urns, and other
Roman relics have been found. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £300. Patron, the
Bishop of Lincoln. The church is early English, in good
condition; and has an octagonal spire, 104 feet high.
There are chapels for Independents, 'Wesleyans, and
Primitive Methodists, national and infant schools, two
endowed schools, a recently established village hospital,
and some small charities.
MANSHEAD, a hundred in the SW of Beils; con-
taining Dunstable parish, twenty-one other parishes,
and part of another. Acres, 50,767. Pop. iu 1851,
27,593; in 1861, 28,340. Houses, 5,863.
MANSOX \Gkf..a.t and Lutle), two hamlets in the
NE of ^Monmouthshire; 2 miles NNE of Monmouth.
MANSRIGGS, a township in (j'lverstone parish, Lan-
cashii-e; on an affluent of the river Leven, 1 mile N of
Ulverstone. Acres, 510. Real property, £709. Pop.,
69. Houses, 10.
JIANSTON, a parish in Sturminster district, Dorset;
on the river Stour, 2 miles ENE of Stunninster-Newtou
r. station. Post-to^vn, Sturminster -Newton, under
Illandfoi-d. Acres, 1,323. Real property, with Han-
nioon, £4,585. Rated property of M. alone, £2,509.
Pop., 152. Houses, 28. The property is subdivided.
The living is a rectoiy in the cliocese of Salisburv.
Value, £400. Patron, J. T. Leather, Esq. The church
is ancient, with a tower ; and the chancel was restored
and beautified in 1869. There is a parochial school.
Mi\NSTON, a hamlet iu St. La\vrence parish, Kent;
2 miles "\V of Ramsgate. Slanston Court was the seat of
the Mansions, who settled here in the time of King John;
and it is now a farm-house. A chapel was connected
with it, and considerable remains of the chapel still exist.
MANSTON, a chapelry in Bam-iok-in-Elmet parish,
W. R. Yorkshire; near the Leeds and Selby railway, 3i
miles E by N of Leeds. It was constituted in 1849; and
its post-town is Seacroft, under Leeds. Rated propertj',
£2,080. Pop., 606. Houses, 131. The property is
subdivided. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Ripon. Value, £180.* Patron, the Ptcctor of Barwick-
in-Elniet. The church was built in 1847.
MANSWOOD, a hamlet in Critchell parish, Dorset;
5.J miles NNW of Wimbome-Minster. Pop., 119.
MAN'THORPE, a township and a chapelry in Gran-
tham parish, Lincoln. The township bears tlie name of
Manthorpe- cum -Little Gouerby; lies 1^ mile NE of
Grantham r. station; is included in Grantham parlia-
mentary borough; and has a post-office under Grantham.
Real proj.erty, £8,102. Pop. iu 1S51, 2,344; iu 1861,
2,241. Houses, 4D6. — The chapelry comprises out a
small part of the township, a:id was constituted in'lSlO.
Jlated i>roperty, £1,598. Pop., 206. Houso.=i, 53. The
property is all in one estate. The living is a vicarMge,
united with the p. curacy of Londonthorpo, in the dio-
cese of Lincoln. A'alue, £200.* Patrou, Earl Ihown-
low. The church was built in 1843; is in the early d>'-
corated English style; and comprises nave, S porch,
chancel, ami vestry, with tower and spire.
MANTHORPE, a hamlet in Withamon-the-Hiil par-
ish, Lincoln; 3 miles SW bv .S of Bourn. Real jiroperty.
£1,326. Pup., 107. llo"a5e5, 22. Bowthorpe P.^rk
MANTON.
271
JIArLESTEAD (I.ittlk;.
here is now a farm; an J. Las a very old oak-tree, 45 fctt
in "irth, with a hollow in tho trunk capable of holding
15 persons. There are strong miiuril sprini^s.
MANTOX, a township and a parish in Glauford-Brigg
district, Lincoln. The township lies near Ermine-street,
2 miles N of Kirton-in-Lindsoy r. station, and t> S\V of
Glauford-Brigg. Keal property, £1,603. Pop., 106.
Houses, 22. The parish contains also the townsliips of
Cleatham and Twigmore; and its post-town is Kirton-ia-
Lindsey. Acres, 4,630. Heal propertj, £3,090. Top.,
2S1. Houses, 54. The property is divided among a
few. The manor of Manton belongs to M. D. D. Dalison,
Eii^. ; and that of Cleatham, with Cleatham Hall, be-
lou;::s to M. Maw, Esq. Traces of an ancient camp,
where spears, coins, aucl other relics have been found,
are between ilauton and Scawby. The living is a rec-
tory in the diocese of Lincoln. V'alue, £252.* Patron,
JI.'D. D. Dalison, Esq. The church was rebuilt in 1S61,
end has a small tower and spire.
ilANTON, a village and a parish in Oakham district,
Eutland. The village stands on an eminence, adjacent
to the Syston and Peterborough railway, near the river
Gwash, 3 J miles SSE of Oakham; and has a station on
the railway. The parish comprises 1,290 acres. Real
property, £2,410. Pop., 274. Houses, 62. The manor
belonged to Clugny abbey and the Beauchamps. A
tunnel, nearly a mile long, takes the railway through
ilanton hiU. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Teterborough. A'alue, £102. Patron, E. "W. Smyth,
Esq. The church stands on a height in the centre of the
village; is an old building, with bell turret; and was re-
stored in 1854. A chantry was founded, in the time of
Edwaid III., byW. Wade; but has disappeared.
MANTON, a tything in Preshute parish, Wilts; on
the river Kennct, 1 mile SVV of Marlborough. Pop.,
290.
JL^NTON, a hamlet in Worksop parish, Notts; IJ
mil-' E of Worksop.
MaNUDEN. See Makewden".
I^fANUTTON. See ME.vtrprox.
5IANYE0LD (The), a river of the NE of Stafford. It
rise.3 near Flash, not far from the meeting-point with
Cheshire and Derbyshire, and near the source of the river
Dove, under the S side of Axe-Edge; and runs about 16
mil'iS south-30uth-ea.stward, pas-t Longnor, Vrarslow,
Wetton, and Ilan, to the Dove at Thorpe. It traverses
richly picturesque scenery; runs some distance under-
cvound; and is joined subterraneously, at Wetton, by the
llaiiips.
MAPERTON, a parish in Wincanton district, Somer-
set; 3 miles WSW of Wincanton r. station, and 5 N
of 3Iilbornc-Port. It contains the hamlet of Clapton;
and its post-town is Wincanton, under Bath. Acres,
1,534. Ileal property, with Ilolton, £4,265; of which
£1S3 are in quan-ies. Hated property of JI. alone,
£2,500. Pop., 207. Houses, 46. The property is
<l;vidcd among a few. The manor, with ifaperton
House, belongs to the Fitzgeralds. Good freestone
is juarried, and bricks are made. The living is a rec-
tory in the diocese of Bath and Wells. Value, £43S.*
I'atn^n, Wadhain College, O.xJ'ord. The chuivh ii! early
lv.:-.,''iih ; and consists of nave and chancel, \dl'ti porch
and tower.
MAPES-HOUSES, a hamlet near Willesden, in Jlid-
dlese.x; with a post-office under Willesden, London NW.
MAPLECECK, a parish in Southwell district, Notts;
on an allliient of the river Trent, 4.^ miles N by E of
Sout'iwell r. station. Post-town, Newark. Acres,
1,13'J. Pvcal ii.-operty, £1,731. Pop., 136. Houses,
27. The propel ty is divided among three. The linng
is a vicarage in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £6'^.
Patron, the Bev. AV. P. Turton. The church is old; and
consists of nave and chancel, with tower and low spire.
Charities, t'3.
MAPLEBOROL'Gir. a village in Studley pari.sh,
"Warwick; 3| miles N of Alcester.
.M.\Pl>E-Ci;0S.^, n hamlet in I;ickmanswo7lh parish,
IIiMt.s: 1 niih' K of Kickmansworth.
MAPLEDEKWELL, a yinhh in Ba-,ir.gstol:t district,
Hants; on the Eisingstokc canal, 3 miles E by S of
Basingstoke r. station. Post-town, Basingstoke, .\cres,
818. °Keal property, £1,162. Pop., 223. Houses, 45.
The property is divided among a few. The manor be-
longs to Loril Dorchester. Tlie living is a p. curacy, an-
nexed to the rt'ctorj- of Newnbani, in the diocese of
Winchester. The church is ancient and good. Chari-
ties, £10.
IMAPLE-DCRnAM, a village and a parish in the
district of Bridheld ai<d county of O.xford. The vill.age
stands on the river Thames at the boundary with Berks,
under a sheltering ridge of hiUs, 2.J miles E of Paugbourne
r. station, and 3.j NW by W of Reading; and has a postal
letter-box under P.eadiji^. The parish includes the
tythings of Chawsey and Gumey, and comprises 2,87S
acres. Real property, £4,906; of which £20 are in fish-
eries. Pop., 4S6. Houses, 102. Maple-Durham House
is a Tudor mansion, the scat of M. H. Blount, Esq. ; was
built in 1523, by Sir ilichael Blount; was i'ortitied for
Charles I. , in tho time of the civil war, by Sir Charles
Blount; has a fine oak staircase, with carved vases of
flowers on the landings; contains manj" interesting pic-
tures, chiefly family portraits ; and is sung by Pope as
the place to which his "Parthenia" retired from Lou
don, when
"She went to plain-work, and to purling brooks,
Old-fashioned balls, dull aunts, and croaking rooks."
A beautiful elm-tree avenue, nearly a mile long, leads from
the front of the mansion; and a row of shady jiines stands
alon" nearly all the road from the village to Cavershanu
Maple-Durham lock, on the Thames navigation, has a
fall of 5 feet. The li.ing is a vicarage in the diocese of
O-xford. Value, £S7S.* Patron, Eton College. The
church stands embowered in trees near the river; is
an -ancient edifice, restored in 1363; comprises nave, S
aisle and chancel, with new stone porch, and v.ith a
tower recently raised 24 feet above its previous heiu'lit ;
has, in the tower, a clock presented by King William
IV., and bearing the royal initials ; and contains a
handsome monument to Sir Richard Blount, and so:ne
fine brasses. There is an alms-house for six aged men
and women.
MAPLEDLTIHAM, a seat in Buriton parisli, Hants ;
under Butser hill, 2 miles SW of l\ttTsfield. It belonged
to Gibbon, the hLstoriai:!; was sold by him to LoidStuw-
ell ; and belongs now to J. B. Carter, Esq.
MAPLESCOMBE, a hamlet in Kingsdown parish,
Kent; 14 mile SE of Famingham. It was formerly a
jiarish; and it stUl ranks as a chapeln,-, aunexel to the
rectory of Kingsdown, in the diocese of Rochester. The
church is in ruins.
^lAPLESTEAD (Greats, a village and a parish in
Halstcad district, Essex. The village stands on high
ground, 1 mile NE of the Colne river and the Colne
Valley railway, 2J miles NNW of Halstead; took its
name from maple-tree.s, which anciently tiourisl;ed on or
around its site; and has the repute of being a very
healthy place. The parish slopes from the villas to the
river, and comprises 1,929 acres. Post-town, H ilstead.
J:e.al property, £3,373. Pop., 462. Houses, 100. The
property is suUlivided. The manor belonged, at Domes
day, to the Gernous; pass^-d to the De:aies; anl, with
Dynes Hall, belongs now to H. J. Sperling, Esq. Tiie
living is a vicarege in the diocese of Rochester. Value,
£210.* Patron, the Rev. D. Frxser. The church was
enlarged and improved in 1S61. A house of mercy was
built in 1S63, and eii'lowcd vrith £250 a-yoar; is a quad-
rangle, in the first pointed style; ami includes an inlir-
marv and a chancl. There is a national school.
iiAPLESTE.VD (LnxLE), a p.m.-,U in Hal-', .il d;.-
tiict, Essex; 2| uilIos N of Halstead r. station. Poit-
town, Halstcad. Acres, 1,062. Red prc'<perty, £1,703.
Pop., 325. Houses, 73. The projiertjis dividcl iJiuong
a few. Tho manor, with 363 acres, belongs to Sabba-
tarian Trustees. A preceptory of the Knight's Uoi-
pitallcrs was founded liere, in 1186, by Juliana 'le Buvgo;
and went to successivel)" the Wisemans, the Guyons, and
MAPLIN SAND.
27S
2IARULE-HILL.
others. Tte living is a vicarcme in the diocese of
Rochester. Value, £72. Patrons, the Sab. Trustees.
The church belouged to the preceptory; had the privilege
of sanctuary; was restored or rebuilt in 1S57 ; retains
its ancient form and features; is in fine decorated English
_5tj-le; has a circular nave, 30 feet in diameter, surrounded
iiy a peristyle of si.t clustered columns, and an eastern
apse or semi-circular ehancel; measures 62 feet in length;
and contains a restored Primitive Norman font There
is an Independent chapel.
MAPLETON. See JlArPLETON.
MAPLIN SAND, a shoal or foreshore on the Essex
side of the estuaiy of the Thames; extending from South-
end 7 miles eastward to Shoeburyness. A lighthouse is
on its SE side; was erected in 1841; and shows a fixed
light, visible at the distance of 10 miles. The sand of
which the shoal or foreshore consists was alleged, by the
promoters of the new metropolitan sewage scheme, to be
well suited, with aid of sewage irrigation, to produce
luxuriant crops of grass; and an expeiiment was made
iu 1S66 to test its properties, by removing 3,000 tons of
it in barges to the i-icinity of the outfall reservoir at
Barking-creek, spreading it there over an acre of land
and fertilizing it exclusively with sewage; and the experi-
ment proved eminently successful.
MAPP£RCOMBE-^YITH-NETTLECOMBE, a tyth-
ing in Poorstock parish, Dorset; 3i miles NE of Brid-
port. Pop., 253.
MAPPERLEY, a township in Kirk-Hallam parish,
Derbyshire; on the Nutbrook canal, 2 mUes NW of
Ilkeston r. station, and 7 NE by N of Derby. It has a
post-office under Derby. Acres, 972. Pieal property,
£1,556. Pop. in 1S51, 359 ; in 1861, 435. Houses, 90.
The increase of pop. arose from the extension of coal
mines and iron-works in the adjacent parishes of Denby
and West Hallaui. There arc a chapel of ease, a Wes-
leyan chapel, a slightly endowed Sunday school, and an
infant school.
MAPPERLEY, a hamlet in Basford paris\ Notts; 1
mile N of Nottingham. It has a post-office under Not-
tingham-
MAPPERTON, a parish in Beaminster district, Dorset;
^ miles SE by E of Beaminster, and 3 NW by N of Poor-
2i - . .
.stock r. station. Post-town, Beaminster, under Brid-
port. Acres, 804. Real property, with North Poorton,
£2,332. Pop., 92. Houses, 20.- The property is di-
vided among a few. The manor, with ilapperton House,
belongs to H. C. Compton, Esq. The living is a rectory
iu the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £170.* Patron,
H. C. Compton, Esq. The church was rebuCt in 1704.
MAPPERTON, a hamlet in Aimer paiish, Dorset; 54
miles S of Blandford-Forum. Pop., 76.
MAPPERTON, Somerset. See iLvPERTOv.
MAPPERTON (NouTH). See Beaminster.
MAPPLETON, a vill.ige and a parish in Ashborne
district, Derbj-. The village stands on the river Dove,
at the boundary with Stafford, IJ mile NW of Ashborne
r. station; is a pleasaut place; has a post-orSoe under
Ashborne, a bridge over the Dove, and a good inn; and
is a resort of anglers. The parish comprises 778 acres.
Real property, £2,202. Pop., 185. Houses, 39. The
property is subdivided. The manor belongs to J. G.
Johnson, Esq. The living is a rectorv, annexed to the
vicarage of Ashborne, in the diocese of Lichfield. The
•church is good; and has a dome, surmounted by an urn.
There are alms-houses for three widows of clergymen, and
•some other charities.
MAPPLETON, a hamlet and a parish in Skirlaugh
district, E. R. Yorkshire. The hamlet lies on the coast,
■J miles S3E of Hornsea town and r. station. Acres,
1,226; of which 47 are water. Pop., 163. Houses, 32!
The parish contains also the hamlet of Rowlstone, and
part of the townsliips of Great Hatfield and Cowdens-
Ambo; and its post-town is Hornsea, under Hull. Acres,
4,279; of wliich 79 are water. Real property of Mapple-
ton anil Rowlstone hamlets, £2,773. Pop. of the parish,
4 75. Houses, 95. The property is much subdivided.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of York. Value,
£S7.* Patron, the Aruhdeacou of E. R. Yorkshire.
Tlie church is a neat edifice, with tower and spire; and
contains, in a N chantrv, a white marble altar-tomb to
Judge Brough, who presided at the trial of Admiral
Byng. There are a Wesleyan chapel and a Church
school.
MAPPLEWELL, a villasre in Darton township and
parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 3 miles NNW of Barnslev. It
stands on an acclivity; is scattered and populous; "has a
post-office under Barnsley, two chemical works, and some
nail-making establishments; and shares in the employ-
ment of extensive ncighbouriuij collieries
JIAPPLEWELL-LONGD.^LE, an extra -T)arochial
tract in Barrow-upon-Soar district, Leicester; 2 miles S cf
Loughborough. Pop., 12. Houses, 2.
]\1APP0WDEK, a parish in Dorchester district, Dor-
set; 6 miles NE by E of Ceme-Abbas, and 6 S\V of Stur-
minster - Newton r. station. Post-town,. Blandford.
Acres, 1,887. Real property, £2,538. Pop., 238!
Houses, 48. The property is chiefly in one estate. ' Stone
is quarried. The parish is a meet for the Blackmoor
Vale harriers. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Salisbury. Value, £390. Patron, G. D. W. Digby, Esq.
The church is a fine edifice, with a tower ; was about to
be restored in the summer of 1S67; and contains a Nor-
man font, an effigies of a ci-usader, and monuments of the
Cokers. John Coker, author of the "Survey of Dorset "
was a native.
MARAZION, or Market-Jew, a small town, a chapel-
ry, and a sub-district, in Penzance district, Cornwall.
The town stands on Mounts bay, under a hill, near the
West Cornwall railway, 3\ miles E by N of Penzance;
was formerly called JIarghasjewe and Marghasion; 'd
called, by Leland, Marhasdethon or Foi-uin-Jovis, — and
by the editors of the old Mag. Brit., Market-Jupiter,
Market- Jew, or Market- Ju; is supposed, by some wnters,'
to have been settled or inhabited by Jews, for collecting
and selling tin, and to have been named by them 5Iara°
Zion, signifying " Bitter- Zion;" appears to have been
once a place of considerable consequence, both as a seat
of trade, and as the head-quarters of piltTirns to St.
Michael's Mount; was pillaged by the French in the time
of Henry VIII., and by the Cornish rebels in that of
Edward V. ; obtained a charter from Queen Elizabeth,
vesting its government in a mayor, 8 aldermen, and 12
capital burgesses; lost much of its importance by the
suppression of the neighbouring prioiy, and the growiri'^
prosperity of Penzance; was not included in any of the
schedules of the new municip.al act; is irregularly
aligned, and indifferently built; is connected with St.
Michael's Mount by a causeway 1,200 feet long, but
above water during only 4 hours of every 12 of the tide;
carries on rope-making, a large pilchard fishery, an im- .
port trade in coal, iron, and timber, and some busine.5s
in connexion with neighbouring mines ; and has ahead
post-officej of the name of Marazion, Corawall, a railway
station, of the name of Marazion-Road, three inns, a
church, four dissenting chapels, a public school, and
charities £10. The church stands at some distance, and
was recently rebuilt. The chapels arc for Independents,
Quakers, Wesleyans, and United Free Methodists. A
weekly market is held on Saturday; and fairs, chiefly for
cattle, are held on 20 .March and 20 Sept.— The chapelry
includes the town, and is in the parish of St. Hilary.
Acres, 871 ; of which 190 are water. Real property'
£4,260. Pop. in 1S51, 1,379; in 1861, 1,545. Houses,
312. A large tract of mar^sh was reclaimed by l.^r.
Moyle. The land is notable for producing a superior
variety of turnip. Asbestos, actinolite, iron-ore, and
other rare and useful minerals are found. About i,Oi.iO
Roman coins were discovered at the reclaiming of the
marsh. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Exe-
ter. Value, £66.* Patron, the Vicar of St. Hilary.—
The sub-district contains also the rest of ."^t. Hilary par-
ish, all rerranuthnoe iiari.sh, and St. Michael's Mount
extra-parochial tract. Acres, 4,909. Pop 5 093
Houses, 1,037. i • '
M.A.RBLE-HILL, a hamlet in Twickenham parish,
JIiddlo.5cx; adjacent, on tlie E, to Twickenham. It h;ui
a post-offioc under Twickenham, London SW. Marbliv
MAF-BCRY
573
MARCHIXGTON-WOODLAXDS.
Hill House was built by Georj'e 11., for Lady Suffolk,
after designs by tlio E:irl of l\>i:ibnike; passed to tlio
Pcils; ami is uow tUe ivsidence of General Peel. The
fardens connected with it were laid out by Pope. Mar-
le-UiU Cottage was once the residence of Lady Di.
Beauclerc, and cf Mrs. C^live the actri.ss.
MAFiBURY, a \-ilIage, a township, and a parish, in
Kautwich district, Cheshire. The villa^'e stands adja-
cent to the EUesinere canal, 1 mile XW of the Crewe,
■\Miitohurch, and Shrewsbury railway, 1| N of the
boundary with Salop, 3 XAV of 'Wrenbury r. station, and
3i XNE of Whitchurch; occupies a charming site, en-
girt with lakelets, aggregately covering 32 acres ; pre-
sents a pleasing appearance of quaiut, clean, white build-
ings, picked out with black ; commuuds picturesque
views in all directions; aud is noted for salubrity.— -The
township bears the name of ilarbury-with-Quoisley, and
comprises 2,105 acres. Real property, i"3,3S9. Pop.,
3S7. Houses, S5. — The parish contains also the town-
ship of Norbury, and comprises 3,633 acres. Pist-town,
T\'hitchurch. Real property, £5,607. Pop., 779. Houses,
169. The property is divided among a few. Marbury
manor belonged to the Breretons; passed to the Tattons
and others; and, with Marbury Hall, belongs now to C.
H. Poole, Esq. Norbury manor belongs to the Jlar-
quis of Cholraondeley. The Kving is a rectory, annexed
to the rectoiy of 'Whitchuroh, in the diocese of Lichfield.
The church is later English, with a chancel of 1824;
oonsiits of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a fine tower;
and has a memorial E \nndow to Capt. W. Poole, who
fell in the attack on the Redan at Sebastopol. There are
a "Wesleyan chapel in Norbury, an endowed school with
£18 a-year in Morbury, aud charities £27.
MARBURY, a township in Great Budwortli, Cheshire;
on the Grand Trunk caual, near the river Weaver, li
mile N of Northwich. Acres, 362. Real property,
£743. Pop., 17. Houses, 4. The manor belonged, in
the time of Henry III., to the ilarburjs; passed, in
170S, to Earl Rivers; went, by luarriage, to the Earl of
Barrymore; passed to the Barrys; aucl, with Marbury
Hall, belongs now to A. H. S. Barry, Esq. The hall i-^
a lorge brick mansion, with stone facings; recently
underwent extensive alterations aud additions; contains
a fine selection of paintings and antique sculptures; and
stands in beautiful giounds, which iucludo a lake of SO
acres.
M.\P.CH, a town, a chapelry, anil a sub-district, in
North Vritehfovd district, Cambri Ige. The town stands
on the old Xeu river, at a junction of railways toward
Ely, St. Ives, Peterborougli, and AVisbeuch, 14^ miles
E of Peterborough; comprises a spacious market-place
nnd several well-built streets ; has recently imdergone
great improvements ; is a seat of county and manorial
conrti; and has a head post-office,+ a railway-station
with telegraph, three banki'ig offices, two chief inns, a
towu-hall, a guild-hall, a public h.all, a bridge over the
Ncn, a church, three dissenting chapels, a mechanics'
institute, a public cemetery, a gnim mar school, a national
school, and charities about £700. Tlie town-hall stands
in High-street, and is a handsome edifice. The guild-
hall aijo .stands in High-street; is modern and commo-
dious; and inrludes two spacious school-rooms for tl'.e
national school. The public hall .stands in thn market-
place; is surmounted by a clock-turret; and is used for
conceits and for public meetings. The bridge is at the
N end of the town; was rebuilt in 1S50; and is a hand-
some stnicture. The church stands on the London-road,
about a mile from the bndge; was erected in 1343; and
Cousi:its of nave and aisles, with ^V spire. The dissent-
ing chi'.pels arc for Independents, Bnptists, and Method-
ists. The mechanics' institute contains a lectin e-room
which in used as an evening place of wurship in connexion
with the Eitablibhed chutch. The public cemetery lies
on the Station-road, about 300 yards from the r. station;
comprises about Gh acres; aud has two chatiel.s, con-
nected by a tower and s[>in' SO fi:rt high. The cliapels
were built in 1S66; are in the pointed style of the 14th
century; and are aiqiroached by a roadway, 17o feet long
ftud 15 feet wide, flanked by ornaniuiital slirubbery. An
elegant school for girls was recently built in High-street;
and alms-houses were recently erected near the church.
The endowed charities were consolidated iu 1S51 ; anil
yield £45 or upwanls a-year to the grammar school,
£100 to the national school, £50 to each of two school-
mistresses, £S0 for apprenticing native boys, £55 to the
inmates of the alms-houses, £20 to two poor decayed
housekeepers, and the remainder to the miscellaneous
poor. A weekly n-.nrket is held on "Wednesday ; fairs are
held on the Jlonday before Whitsunday and the third
Tuesday of October; considerable tratfic was formerly
done through the navigation of the Nen ; aud improved
trade has arisen from the opening of the railways and
great ameliorating of the roads. Pop. of the town in
ISCl, 3,600. Houses, 874.— The chapelry includes the
town, and is in Doddington parish. Acres, 19,141.
Real property, £51,528; of which £100 are iu gas-works.
Pop. iu 1851, 6,241; in 1861, 5,455. Houses, 1,231.
The land is flat, and naturally mai-shy; has been iiighly
improved, and is kept in good comlition, by drainage
■with help of steam engines; is cut into six sections for
the purpose of etfectiug the drainage; and yields heavy
crops of good wheat. Three urns and some Roman coins
were found, in 1730, at Robin Goodfellow's lane near the
town; aud an altar, coins, and other relics, were found
at Elm. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Ely,
and, till 186S, was annexed to Doddington: which see. —
The sub-district includes Wimblington hamlet. Acres,
26,730. Pop., 6,569. Houses, 1,459.
SIARCHALAD and BRANAR, a township in Llan-
gerniew parish, Denbigh; 7i miles NE of Llanrwst.
Real property, £645. Pop., 128. Havodunos and Pen-
nant are old seats.
MARCHAM, or M.iF.SH.\ir, a village and a pnrish in
Abingdon district, Berks. The vUlage stands near the
river Ock, 1^ mile NW of the Berks and Wilts canal,
and 2| W of Abingdon r. station; and has a post-office
under Abingdon. The jiarish contains also the hamlet
of Cothill, the township of Frilford, and the chapelry of
Garford. Acres, 4,940. Real property, £S,604. Pop.
in 1851, 1,917; in 1S61, 1,111. Houses, 256. The
manor, with Marchara Park, belongs to C. P. Dufficld,
Esq. Sheepstead House, O.ikley House, and Frilford
House are chief residences. The parish is a meet for tlij
old Berkshire hounds. The living is a vicarage, united
with the p. curacy of Givrfonl, in the diocese of Oxford.
Value, £455.* Patron, Christ Church, Oxford. The
church was rebuilt in 1837; is in the later English style;
and comprises nave and chancel, with a tower. There
are chapels for Wedeyans aud Prinutive Methodists, a
free school, and charities £73.
MARCHAMLEY, a township in Hodnet parish, Sa-
lop; 5.^ miles E of AVem. Pop., 441.
iSIARCHANT (Le), a smaU one of the Channel Is-
lands; adjacent to Guemsev. It is uninhabited.
JIARCHINGTON, a village and a township-chapelry
in Haubury parish, Stafford. The village stands adja-
cent to the river Dove, the North Statl'ordshire railway,
aud the boundary with Derhv, 3^ miles ESE of Uttoxeter;
and has a station on the railway, and a post-office imder
Stoke-upou-Trent, — The township comprises 2,710 acres.
Real property, £5,079. Pop., 484. Houses, 105. Tlif'
property is subdivided. The manor belongs to J. Cud-
den, Esq. The living is a vicarage iu the diocese of
Lichfield. Value, £]20.» Patron, the Vicar of Ilan-
bury. The church is a good brick edifice, with a low
tower; and cont^dns a i;;oiiun)cnt to Sir Walter Vernon.
There are a Primitive Methodist chapel, an endowed na-
tional school with £10 .i-vear, and charities £45.
ilARCHIXGTOX-WdODLAN'DS, a township-eha-
j-,elry in Haubury parish, Staflbrd; 2 miles SSW of
JIarchington r. station, and 3i SE of Uttoxeter. Post-
town, Utto.xeter, under Stoke-upou-Trent. Acrc^, 2,550.
Real jiroperty, £3.855. Pop., 33;i. Houses, 04. There
are two manors, Houudhill and Smallwood. The living
is .1 vicarage in tho tliocese of Lichfield. Value, £95.
Patron, T. T. Webb, Esq. The church was built in
ISOO; stands ou an eminence, among richly wooded
scenerv; is in the geometric decorateil style; co:up:Lv;n
2 m
MAHCHWIEL.
274
ilAKDEX,
nave, chancel, side chapels, aud octangular vestry; aud
has a NW tower, with lofty Lroach spiie.
MAIICHWIEL, a township and a parish in Wrexham
district, Denbigh. The towTiship lies on the nver
Clpvedog, near the river Dee, Vafs dyke, and^ the
Chester and Shrewsbury railway, 2 miles SE of "\\ rex-
ham. The parish contains also the township of Sontley;
and its post-town is 'Wrexham. Acres, 3,316. Real
property, £5,033. Pop., 536. Houses, 105. The pro-
perty is' subdivided. Marchwiel Hall was a seat of the
Brou-'htons; belongs now to S. P. Hope, Esq.; and was
recently restored. The livuig Ls a rectory in the dio-
cese of St. Asa^ih. Value, £708.* Patron, the Bishop
of St. Asaph. The church was restored in 1788, and
contains a monument to Miss Yorke of Erddig. The
charities amounted formerly to £32 a-year; they now in-
clude also the proceeds of a bequest of £5,000 by Cap-
tain D. Ellis in 1853; and they were regulated by an
order of the charity commissioners in 1864.
MAECHWOOD, a village and a chapelry in Eling
parish, Hants. The village stands on Southami)ton-
■water, 2^ miles SW of Southampton r. stetion; is a
fishing-place and a coast-guard station; and has a post-
office under Southampton, aud extensive powder maga-
zines. The chapelry was constituted in IS 43. Pop.,
1,185. Houses, 228. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of Winchester. Value, £121.* Patron, H. Hol-
loway, Esq. The church is a modem edif.ce, of white
brick and stone.
MARCLE (Little), a parish in Ledbury district,
Hereford; on au afHuent of the river Leadon, adjacent to
Gloucestershire, 3J miles SW of Ledl'ury r. station. It
has a post-office under Ledbury. Acres, 1,218. Real
property, £1,753. Pop., IBS. Houses, 29. The pro-
pei-ty is divided among a few. The maujr belongs to
Earl Somcrs. The surface is boldly undulating. _ The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Hereford. Value,
£230°* Patron, the Bishop of Hereford. The church
was rebuilt in 1869; and is in the decorated English
style, with a bell-turret. Charities, £4.
JMAKCLE (Much), a township in Ledburj- district,
and a parish partly also in Ross district, Hereford. The
township lies adjacent to Gloucestershire, 5j miles SW
of Ledbmy r. station, aud 7 NE by X of Ross; and has
a post-office under Gloucester. Acres, 4,940. Real pro-
perty, £10,310. Pop., 984. Houses, 197. The pari.sh
contains also the township of Yatton, and comprises
6,349 acres. Real property, £11,462. Pop., 1,209.
Houses, 243. The manor belonged to the Lacies and the
Mortimers; had a castle of the Mortimers; aud belongs
now to W. M. K}Tle, Esq., of whose famOy was the cele-
brated "Mau of Koss." EUingham Castle stood at Quariy-
wood. A remarkable landslip occurred, on 17 Feb. 1575,
at a place now called the Wonder. Slarcle-hiU there, on
the evening of the 17th, began to move " with a homble
roaring noise;" it kept moving till the 19th, carrying
along with it trees, hedges, and cattle, and overthrowing
in its progress the chapel of Kinn.iston; and it eventually
settled in its present position, with an elevation greater
than it originally had. A chasm, 40 feet d^ep aud about
30 feet long, remained where the hill originally stood.
The living is a vicarage, united with the chapelry of
Yatton, in the diocese of Hereford. Value, £541.*
Patron, W. j\I. Kyrle, Esq. The church stands on a
rising-ground, has a castellated tower, and contains
monuments of the ilorthners. There are a national
school with £6 a-year fi-om endowment, anil charities
£26.
MARCLIFF, a hamlet in Bidford parish, Warwick;
on the river Avon, 4i miles S3E of Alce^ter. Pop.,
159.
lyiARCROSS, a parish in Briilgend district, Glamorgan;
on Bristol channel, near Xash Point, 6i miles SW of
Cowbridge r. station. Post-town, Bridgend. Acres,
1,041; of which 1.^5 arc water. Real property, £918.
Pop., 91. Houses, 17. The property is divided among
a few. There are remains of an anci'-nt castle, remains
of a mona.stic grange, a cromlech called "old church,"
md a muicral spring. A landslip occurred on 24 Jidy
1833, precipitating aVov.t 200,000 tons of limestone rock
from a lofty clitT to the beach. The living is a rectory
in tlie diocese of Llandr.tf. Valu---, £196.* Patrons, the
Dean and Chanter of Llandalf, The church is good.
I^LWRD-VLE; ahamle:, amountaiji-vale, and a chapelry
in Westmoreland. The hamlet bears the n.ime of Jlar-
dale-Green; lies in the vale, 1 mile S of the heod of
Hawes-water, and 6\ SW by W of Shap r. station; and
has a small inn. — The vale descends 2.^ miles rorth-
north-eastward to the headof Hawes-wattr; takes thither
a streamlet of its own name; is overhung, at the head,
by Harter-feU,— on the E, by Braustrce, — on the X, by
High-street and KiJity-pike; and is partitioned into two
sections by the narrow i-idge of Long Stile, projecting
from High-street. — The chapelr)- is p.irtly in Shap parish
and partly in Bampton parish; but has not well-dcfiaed
limits. Post-town, Penrith. The li-s-ing is a p. curacy
in the diocese of Carlisle. Value, £132. Patron, tho
Vicar of Shap. The church stands in the hamlet, among
yews and sycamores; and has a low sqtuire tower.
M.iRDEX, a village, a township, aud a parish in the
district aud county of Hereford. The village stands on
the river Lug, adjacei:t to the Hereford and Shrewsbuiy
railway, li mUe X of iloreton r. station, and 5 X by E
of Hereford ; and has a post-otSce under Hereford. — The
towmship contains also the village of Wistaston, and
comprises 3,671 acres. Pop., S99. Houses, 194. — The
parish includes likewise the township of Amberley, and
comprise;? 4,048 acres. Real property, £7,833. Pop.,
929. Houses, 201. The pr-iperty is much subdii-ided.
The manor belongs to T. Evans, Esq. ilarden Court
and Wistaston Court are chief residences. Sutton Walls
w;ts the .site of the ca.Tipof Caractacus, and afterwards of
the palace of King Otia; and command:- au extensive a:'.d
beautiful view. Grcve hill is noted for commanding a
still more extensive view, comprising portions of seven
counties. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Here-
font.. Value, .£247.* Patrons, the Dean and Chapter
of Hereford. The church is ancient; was restored in
1859; consists of nave, aisles, chancel, and porche.s, with
pinnai'led tower aud spire; and contains a tint brass to
Lady Chute. A chapel is at Wistaston, and h.as a recent
memorial window to W. C. Gwinnett, Esq. Another
chapel is in Amberley, was long in ruin, and was re-
cently restored. There are an endowed school with £20
a-year, and charities £10. A well, formerly held in
superstitious repute, is within the parish church, adjacent
to the spot where the body of King Ethelbert was buried;
and is fabled to have sprung up on the removal of the
body to Hereford cathedral.
MARDEX, a village, a parish, a sub-district, and a
hundred, in Kent. The village stands near an af.luent of
the river Medway, aad on the Reigate, Tunbridge, and
Ashford railway, 3 miles WXW of Staplehurst; is a
picturesque place; was formerly a market town; and h.''.3
a post-office t under Staplehurst, a railway station with
telegraph, and a fair on 11 Oct. — The parish contains
also the hamlet of Stile-B.ridge. Acres, 7,607. Real
property, £11,652. Pop., 2,2';"<5. Houses, 452. The
property is much subdivided. The manor belongs to R.
Springett, Esq. The living is d vicarage in the dioceso
of Canterbury. Value, £823.* Patron, the Archbishop
of Canterbur}-. The church is ancient but good; consists
of nave, aisles, aad chancel, with a tower; and contains
a very curious f'>ut of 1652. There are chapels for In-
dependents and Wesleyans, parochial schools, a Church
of England school, and charities £55. The parochial
schools were built La 1359, atacost of about £1,600; and
are a handsome str.icture, in tb.e Tudor style. Amhurst,
tlic author of the '• Craftsman," was a native. Tho
sub-district contaii^s also two other parishes, and part of
another; and ib in Maidstone district. Acres, 15,317.
Pop. in ISol, 4,905. Houses, 906.— The hundred ex-
cludes one of the parishes aud the part-j^arish of the sub-
district, but includes another and larger parish; and is
iu tho lathe of Scrav. Acres, 23,029. Pod. in 1851,
6,550. Ht,:53?, 1,227.
MARI')Ey, or !MEr.TO>.-, a Tillage and a parish iu
Devizes district, Wilts. The village standi c« the
MAHDEN (E\sr).
275
iMAliGAiL
r'.ver Avon, 2 i..u<.i S'.V of Wooilborougli r. statiun, iiiul
6 ZSE of i)cvi2<:»; auil !.i5 ^ post-ollice, of tlie naine of
iCiT-.eu. nuJcr DevLzvs. The jaiish eoiniiriie>^ 1,27S
Acr«. I'icai j'roT'€itT, Ji2,-291. Pop., 235. Houses,
4'j. The minor l^loags to S. R. Neate, Esq. Two re-
xnark.%:Ie tuinuU fomie!-!;." were iu the n^nglibouihoO'l,
240 feet in cLrcuit, and -10 feet high; and are supposed,
tv -ime wTite.-i, to mark the sceue of Ethcldred's defeat
OT tL-,' Dxi^ in 571; but whether they were sepulchral
■birr:"ri or the earthwork of au ancieut British temple,
is tn cf^en qucirioa. The living is a viearage in the
dio-:<.=e of Silisoury. V.Jue, £170.* Patrons, the Deau
aci Ciupt'^r of Bristol. The church is ancieut; has two
y-jr-^^n arohes and au embattled tower ; and is finely
omitr, bo'Ji wiihoiii and within. There is a national
MaEDEX (E'..?t>, a parish in Westbourne dishict,
Suijii: 6 rciles S''^" of ilidhurst r. station. Post-town,
Pcter.^neld. Acies, 963. Keal property, £664. Pop.,
63. Houses, 1 2. The property is divided among a few.
The nanor is ose of feu: ^leredens mentioned in Domes-
day l.Xik; was givc-u, after the ConquLst, to Roger, Eavl
31o2t!.-omerr; wis annexed, in the time of Heniy I., to
thj jrebend of Eist ildnien, then founded in Chichester
catic-iral; and belongs now to 'W. L. Woods, Esq. The
living is a vicurv;;e in the diocese of Chichester. Value,
£102. Patron, the Bishop of Chichester. The chnroli
is esrly English, and was recently repaired. There is a
j-ar>;zial schooL
JIaT.DEN HILL. SeeTEWi.v.
2iLvKDEN (!Noi:Tu\ a parish in "Westbourn", district,
Sas-itx: 5i miles SW by W of Midhurst r. station,
pcrft-town, Petersfield. Acres, 6S2. Real property,
£35i. Pop., 2 3. Houses, 6. The property is divided
amccc a fe.T. The manor is one of the four !Meredens mcn-
tioa-rlin Domesday book; wa.s given, after the Conquest,
to E:-grr, E^iil ilontgomery; belonged in 1475 to Sir
Ge-;-:,.5r Browne; went, at his attainder in 14S4, to the
Cz-jTz. ; Wis given, by Queen Elizabeth, to William
G:-r:.iie!d ; piisel to the Jcnmans, the Peckhams, and
TLc P'oippses; an 1 belongs now to Commodore Hornby.
Tai living L> a reetorj" in the diocese of Chichester.
Valai, £7'J. Perron, Commodore Hornby. Tlic church
is eirlv English, with circular E end ; and was recently
r-^Tcrei
iLlRDEN PARK, the seat of Sir W. R. Clayton,
Birt, in Godstone parish, Surrey; in a valley near C!od-
itoLi village. A pillar in the garden was erected by Sir
RjKrt Cliyton, the fiiat baronet, in memory of Thoma.s
Firr;.:a the philanthropist, who died in 1097; and a flag-
stair:ower, calle.i the Castle, on an eminence witlun the
gn^LT-'ls, commands a ver.' fine and extensive view. A
'■l--zm," or temporary rimlet, bursts out in times of
raiii it an edge of the groan'.ls; runs to the Wandle at
Croy-lon; anvl was formerly regarded, at an outburst, as
prViiisticating some great public disaster.
MARDEN-U?, or Upma.';den', a parish in Westbourne
dh-r.:z, Siusei: 7 miles SW of Jlidhurst r. station. It
i'_-.l::de5 the tjthing of West Marden; which has a post-
oS.'r tinder Emsworth. A:res, 2,92S. Real property,
£1,'}'jO. Pop., Goci. Houses, 66. The manor is one of
the i'o-r ilerr'len:= mentioned in Domesday book; has
!il-.rsT3 been auitvd with Compton manor; and belongs
HOT to Aimiral Sir Phipps Hornby. The living is a
vi-;ira_'e,^anneicl to the vieaia"e of Compton, in the dio-
C=Je o!^ Chichester. The (.hurcli is ancieut.
MaRDEN (West), a tything in Up-]Marden parish,
S'liiicX. It formerly was a chapelry; but its place of
worship h.w disappeaied. It has a post-office under
EiasTortJ.
3Li.RD0CK, a railway-station in Herts; on the Bunt-
ia^-fvrJ niil-.vav, betv.-een St. Margarets and Widford.
MAREyiELD, a township in Tilton parish, Leicester;
71 miles SSW of Jlelton-.Mowbray. Acres, 170. Real
pt/jertv, i934. I'oj)., 2-1. Houses, G. The manor be-
loz-, to T. C. Hin.ks, E-q.
3iARE GERMANIcril. .See Nonxn Ska.
JlAREFIAjILE-FEy, a village and a parish in Horn-
C-'-V.li district, Lincoln. The viUa^'c stands 5 miles !NE
by X of Tattershall r. strition, and 5\ S of Jlorncastle ;
and has a post-olhce under Boston. Tlio parislt com-
prises l.ofiO acre-,. Real property, .£:j,7S)6. Pop., 937.
llouses, 195. The property is subdivided. The manor
belongs to J. P.. Stanhope, Esq. A navigation exists to
Xew Bolingbroke and Ijoston. The living is a reetoir
in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £o55.* Patron, the
Bishop of Manchester. The church consists of nave,
aisles, and cliancel, with a tower; and was recently iu
disrepair. There are chapels for Baptists and Wesleyans,
and a national school.
JIAREHAM-OX-THE-HILL, a parish in Hornc-istie
district, Lincoln; 2 miles SE of Horucastle r. station.
It includes an allotment, in Wildmo>e fen; and itspost-
tosra is Horncastle. Acres, 1,380; cfwhinh about 150
are in the fen. Real property, £1,802. Pop. in IS'Jl,
215; of whom 34 were in the fen. Houses, 44. The
property is divided among a few. The niunor belongs to
C Tiirnor, Esq. The living is a vic,>rage, united with
the vicarage of High Tovnton, in the diocese of Lincoln.
Value, £300. Patron, the Bishop of JlaiMdiester. The
church consists of nave and chancel, with bell-tuiTet;
was repaired in 1804, when coins of Edward IV. and
Henry VII. were found iu its wall; and was reported In
1859 as very bad. There is a Wesleyan chapel.
MARE IXTERXUM. .See Ijusei Se.\.
MARESFIELD, a vilkge, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Uckfield district, Sussex. The village stands 2 miles
N of Uckfield r. station, is a seat of petty sessions, and
has a post-otRcn under Uckfield. The parish includes ■
the chapelry of Nntley, and comprises 7,750 acres. Real
property, £6,373. Pop, in 1851, 1,805; in 1861, 1,911.
Houses, 35-4. The property is much subdivided. The
manor belongs to ^ iscount Gage. Maresfield Park, a
modern brick mansion, within extensive grounds, is the
seat of the widow of the late Sir John V. Shelley, Bart.
Much of the land is under wood. There are large nur-
sery and flower gnrdens, bi'ick-works, and r.orn mills.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Chichester.
Value, 645.* Patron, E. Salisbury Buther, Esq. The
church is thiedy decorated English ; and comprise.'',
nave and chancel, with a handsome tower. The vi-
cara^-o of Nutley is a separate benefice, Tliere are a
Wesleyan chapel, a national school, and charities £7. —
The sub-district contains also the parishes of Fletching
and Busted. Acres, 25,156. Pop., 5,503. Houses,
1,091.
MARE VERGIVU-M, the ancieut Roman name for
St. George's channeL
MARFLEET, a pari.-^h in Scidcoates district, E. R.
Yorkshire; on the Huniber, and on the Hull and Hold-
erness railwa}', 2^ miles E of Hull. It has a station on
the railw.ay; and its post-town is Hull. Acres, 2,13S;
of which 1,028 .are water. Real property, £2,633. Pop.,
170. Houses, 3S. The property is ilivided among a few
Tlie living is a vicarage in the diocese of York. A'alue,
£81. Patron, Mrs. Robmson. The church is good; and
there are a Wesleyan chapel, and a coast-guard station,
MARFORP, a hamlet in Wheathaiupstead parish,
Herts; on the river Lea, 51 miles N\\' of Hatfield. Pop ,
4-1.
JIARGAM, a hamlet, a parish, and a sub-district in
Xcath district, Glamorgan. The lumdet lies on the Ju-
lian way, atljaceut to the South Wales railway, under
JIargam hill, near the coast, and near Port Talbot r.
station, 5,^ miles SSE of Neath; was formerly called
Pen-diir, signifying " oak-top," with allusion to ,Margam
hill; and l^as been de-cdificed since 1341. — Tiie parioii
includes also the. h.-uulet of Ilavod-y-porth, containing
the village ef Taibaeh, which has ahead post-ol.'ice; in-
cludes likcwi,se the hamlets of Dronibill, Higher Kenfigg,
ami Trissiont; and is p.irtly within the p.irlii.iiieutary
borough of Aberavon. Acres, 18,725; of wliich l.ii 15 ar-,
water. Real property. £15,183. Pop. in lS5i, 4,747; in
1861, 5,52S. Houses, 1,016. The iuc,ria.-,e of pop. aro>e
from the extension of coal-mining. Pop. of the p.^rt within
Aberavon borou'^h, 3,191. Houses, 601. Mar^'aiu .A.h-
bey is the seat of C. K. 31. Talbot, Es(i.; takes Us nauio
from a Cistertiun abbey, founded about 1150, by Robert
MARGARET-MARSH.
276
MARGARET (St.).
Earl of Gloucester; stands on a rising-grouml, backed
by Llarg-.ira hill; is a modern mansion, in the Tudor
style, .^fter desims by Hopper; shows tvvo fine fajades
and a tower, with details of much originality and beauty;
and contains some ancient furniture, several antique sta-
tues, and a fine collection of paintings by the old mas-
ters. The grounds around it are highly picturesque,
and abound in interesting features. Margam hill rises
to the height of about 800 feet; is all covered, from base
to summit, with noble oak-wood ; and looks, from a dis-
tance, as if dressed like a hedge. Orange-trees, lemons,
citrons, pomegranates, arbutuses, camellias, myrtles,
and other exotics, grow luxuriantly and flower in the
grounds and gardens. A bay tree stands SO feet high,
and spreads nearly 50 feet in diameter. An orangery,
327 feet by 81, contains fine trees, many of them 20 feet
high ; and is said to have originated in a cargo of plants
sent from Holland for Mary, the queen of William III.,
and landed on the adjacent coast by shipwreck of the
vessel. Architectural relics, chiefly of the old abbey,
also adorn the grounds. The abbey gave entertainment
to King John on his way to Ireland ; and was given, at
the dissolution, to Sir Rice Mansel, an ancestor of the
present proprietor. The chapter-house was one of the
most elegant buildings of its class; had externally the
form of a duodecagon, and internally that of a perfect
circle; was covered with a beautiful groined roof; stood
entire in 1774, and was then pictured by Mr. Wynd-
ham; lost its roof, so as to become a mere shell in 1799;
and is now represented chiefly by a clustered column
and some minor fragments. Crosses, eSigies, and grave-
stones, with sculptures and inscriptions almost puzzling
to antiquaries, stand against the remaining walls of the
chapter-house and those of tlie rdjoining cloister. A
veiy ancient wheel-cross, whicli formerly stood in the
village, and presents very curious feature^, also is there.
Bases of finely-clustered pillars, the steps of the altar,
and portions of tiled p.avement, remain as traces of the
church, and blend singularly with flowering shrubs of
the shaven lawn ; and the W end of the church still
stands, has an interesting Norman door, and forms part
of the present parish church. Several Roman stones,
and some vestiges of periods prior to the Roman, are on
the adjacent hills. A nunnery was at Eghvys-Nj-ndd.
The general surface of the parish is hilly; and, notwith-
standing the presence of much smoke froci Taibach and
Aberavon, is finely picturesque. Coal and limestone
abound; and much commerce, cliiefly in the outlet of
mineral produce from copper, tin, and iron-works Ln the
valley of the Avon, is at Port -Talbot. The living is a
vicanige, united with the vicarage of Taibach, in the
diocese of LlandafT. Value, £121. Patron, C. R. U.
Talbot, Esq. The church was restored in 1810 ; and
contains monuments of the Bussy, Mansel, and Talbot
families. — The sub-district contains also two other par-
ishes and part of auotlier. Acres, 32,902. Pop., 16,815.
Houses, 3,079.
MARGARET-MARSH, a parish in Shaftesbury dis-
trict, Dorset; 4 miles NE of Stui-niinstt-r-Newton r. sta-
tion, and 4 SW of Shaftesbury. Post-to-.rn, Shaftesbury,
under Salisbury. Acres, 525. Real proT:..;.rty, with Hart-
grove, £2,700. Pop., 71. Houses, 1.^. The living is
a vicarage, annexeil to the vicarage of Iwerne-ilinster,
in the diocese of Salisbury.
MARGARET-ROOTHIXG. See RooxHrs-c-MAKGA-
P.ET.
MARGARET (St.), a parish in the district and county
of Hereford; near the river Dore, 3^ miles NV by N of
Abbcydore, and 54 NNW of Pontrilas r. station. " Post-
town, Abbeydore, under Hereford. Acres, 2,582. Real
property, £2,032. Pop., 313. Houses, 66. The pro-
perty is mueli subdivided. The .surface is hUly and well
wooded ; and the higher grounds command ' extensive
views. Stone is quarried. Tlie livii^g is a vicarii"e,
united with the vicarage of ilicliac-lvhurch-Eskley, in
the dioccje of Hereford. Value, £162. Patron, Lady
Laugdnle. Tiie church is ancient, and was partially re-
htored in 1.S66. Charities, £17.
MARGARET (St.). a railway statio:i in StaasteaJ-St.
Margaret parish, Herts; at the junction of the London
and Hertford line of tlie Great Eastern railway, with the
branch to Buntingford, 2 miles N of Hoddesdon.
MARGARET (St.). a village within the borough of
Llarlborough, in Wilts; on the river Kennet, opposit-j
Marlborough. A Gilbertine priory was fouiided liero
before the time of King John; and was given, at the dis-
solution, to the Stringers.
MARGARET (St.,) in Kent, Middlesex, and other
counties. See Rochestfr, Caxterbury, London,
Lynn, Lincoln, Ipsivich, Leicester, Xor-vvicii, York,
Elmham, Ilketshall, &c.
MARGARET (St.), or Street, a hamlet in Ivinghoe
parish, Bucks; on Ickuield-street, 1 mile NAV of Great
Gaddesden, and 6 SE of Ivinghoe. A Benedictine nun-
nery was founded here in 1160, by Henry de Blois,
bishop of Winchester.
5IARGARET (St)-AT-CLIFFE, a village and a par-
ish in Dover district, Kent. The \-illage stands 5 a mile
from the coast, and 4i NE of Dover r. station; takes the
suffix of its name from chalk clitis, overlooking the Eng-
lish channel; and has a post-ofiice under Dover. Tha
parish contains also the hamlet of St. ilargaret's Bay;
and comprises 1,759 acres of laud, and 165 of water.
Real property, £2,966. Pop. in 1S51, 763; in 1861,
831. Houses, 137. The property is divided among a
few. The manor has always belonged to the Archbishops
of Canterbury. The cliffs curve round and shelve down
like an amphithoatre; command a fine view of the Eng-
lish channel and the French coast; are traversctl, down .
their broken sides, by a winding road fiom the village
to St. JIargaret's Bay; and are noted for a breed of guil-
lemots which Buffon and Pennant state to be in much
request by the fishermen of Picardy, as baits for lob-
ster and other fish. St. Margaret's Ba}- is noted for
lobsters, said to be the finest flavoured ones in England,
and for prawns, of a largp size; and is the commcnciug-
point of the sub-marine telegraph across the Channel.
The South Foreland, with its lights, is on tlie S .side of
the bay. The li^-in^ is a \'icarage in tire diocese of Can-
terbury. Value, £160. Patron, the Archbishop of Can-
terbury. The church is fine Xomian, of Caen stone; was
found, on removal of a thick coating of plaster and white-
wash, to have excellent specimens of stone carving;
comprises a nave of four bays, and a very long chancel;
possesses highly interesting features; and was restored
in 1866-7, at a cost of about £1,500. There are large
boarding schools.
MARGARET'S (St.) BAT. See preceding article.
MARGARET'S (St.) ISLAND, an extra-parochial
tract in the district and county of Pembroke; 2 miles S
of Tenby. Acres, with Caldy Island, 472. Pop., with
C. I., 73. Houses, 16.
MARGARET (St.) Westminster, a parish and a sub-
district, in Westminster district, Middlesex. The par-
ish forms a compact and prominent part of the metropo-
lis; lies on the Thames above and below Westminster
bridge, IJ mile WSW of St. Paul's; adjoins Victoria r.
station and the pneumatic railway tunnel beneath the
Thames ; is traversed by the new underground metropo-
litan District railway; has po=;t-officejJ and postal-pillars
under London SW; contains Pri\y Gardens, Whitehall,
Old Palace-yard, Downing-street, "pailiamcut-street, and
Victoria-street ; includes a detached portion comprising
Kensington Palace andGardens andpartof Knightsbridge;
includes another det.ached porrion at Wright 's-lane, Ken-
sington, forming the site of Westminster district work-
house ; and contains AVe.^tminster Abbey, the New Houses
of Parliament, AVestmin.ster Hall, Westminster Guildhall,
Tothill-Fields house of correction, Wellin.gton barraeks,
Hyde Park barracks, and many other conspicuous b-.-ill-
ings. Acres, \\ith the Close of the Collegiate church
of St. Peter, 657: of which 23 are water in the Thames.
Real property, with St. John-the-Evangelist, in 1860,
£41.3,193; of which £44,318 were in railwav-s, and
£22,354 in gas-works. Pop. of St. yi. alonf, in 1851,
30,942; in 1801, 3iJ,407. Hou.ses, 3,039. A decrease
of pop. has been progressive since about 1S50; first,
from the puUiug down of houses to form Victoria-street.
IIAIIGAKET (St.).
277
MARGATE.
which wab opened in 1851; next, from clearing .space
for now "ovornmeut oflices; next,- from the removal of
Ehnpkeeptrs ;iud others, in consequence of local changes
and of loss of trade; next from private families having
left their aboA'.'S for the advaut.ige of letting them to bo
used as solicitors', cngim-ers' and railway contractors'
offices. Sonic prominent features have been noticed in
the articles KrssisGTox, Kh'iGiiTSBr.iDC-F., and Loxdo.v;
and others, iticluding the most remarkable, will be noticed
iu the article WESTr.riNSTER.
The parish is cut ecclesiastically into the sections of
St. Margare*-, Christchurch - Broadway, All Soints-
Knightsbridge, St. Andrew-Westminster, and part of
St. Slephcn-Kochester-iow. Christchurch was consti-
tuted a separate charge in 1S44; All Saints, in 1S49; St.
Andrew, in 1S56; and St. Stephen, in 18-17. Pop., of
St. JIarwaret, ecclcsiostioallv, 8.697; of Christchurch,
6,S7-t; of All Saints, 7,04l[ of St Andrew, 4,028; of
the St. Jlargaret portion of St. Stephen, 3,767. Tlie
living of St. Margaret is a rectory, those of All Saints
and St. Stephen are vicarages, and the others are p.
curacies, in the diocese of London. Value of St. M.,
St. A., and St. S., each £500;* of Ch., £500; of All
Saints, not reported. Patron of St. J[., the Crown; of
St. S., the Bishop of London; of the others, the Kector
of St. JIargai-et. St. JIargaret's church stands in the
Abbey churchyard; is used by the House of Commons;
was built by Edward the Confessor, largely rebuilt in the
time of Edward L, and restored in 1735 and 1758; re-
tains, after all its alterations, some remains of early date;
measures 130 feet by 65; has a tower 85 feet high, re-
built in 1735; has also a stained E window, with a re-
I^rtsentation of the crucitLxion, and portraits of St.
Catherine, St. George, Prince Arthur, and Catherine of
Arragin; and contains sone old stalls, a brass of 1597,
tabh.-ts to Caxton and Sir ^\'■alte^ Ealeigh, and monu-
jnents to Lady Dudley, Mrs. Corbet, the Seymours, and
the Egertons. The E window was made by the city of
Dort for the chapel of Henry VII.; proved displeasing
to Henry VIII.; was placed iu Waltham Abbey, and re-
moved, after the dissolution, to the Abbot's chapel. New
■ Hall, Essex ; became the property of successively Queen
ElLzabttli, Villiers Duke of Buckingham, Oliver Crom-
weU, General Monk, Mr. Olmins, and Mr. Conyers; and
was sold to the vestry of St. Margaret for £420. The re-
mains of Caxton, Sir W. Ilalcigh, Sir James Harrington,
and the poet Skelton were buried in the church ; and
those of Oliver Cromwell's mother, Milton's second wife,
Adfiiiral Blake, Sir William Constable, John Pym, Col.
Mavkworth, Col. E. Popham, the engraver Hollar, and
the parliamentary secrctar}' Thomas May were buried iu
the churchyard. Several remarkable scenes occurred in
the church in the times of the civil wars of Charles I. The
parliament here swore the covenant in 1643; Cromwell,
PjTU, and other parliamentarian leaders here listened to
tiory pulpit harangues, while the cliurchyard was guarded
bj- troops; and Hugh Peters here, in Jan. 1649, preached
the sermon in which he urged the putting to death of the
king. Christchurch - Broadway was built, under the
name of New Chapel, in 1631-6, by M. Darell ; was re-
built in 1842-3, by A. Paynter; is in the pointed style,
with a tower 200 feet hijrh; and contains tlte remains of
(Jen. Waller and Cfd. Blood, and a monument to Mar-
tpret Pattens, v,-ho died at the age of 130 years. The
Independent chapel, at the corner of James-street, and
C'a.sth-laue, was rebuilt in 1865, at a direct cost of
£13,434, with additional indirect cost of about £4,500;
is in the Lomlardic style, of stock bricks, with red
l-ricks in bands, and Bath stone dressings ; has a recessed
eatrance-portico, flanked on one side by a campanile and
Iiea\y sjiirc 145 feet I'.igh ; forms interiorly an oblong,
with'roundcd ends, 130 feet by 67; contains' about 2,400
sittings, all ranged in curved lines to face a circular
pl-itform-pulpit, a proportion of them in two galleries,
the lower of whicli is carried entirely round ; and lie-
hind the chajHil arc a capacious Iccture-rooui, vi-striis,
and other apartments.
AVe-:tminstcr idnol, or St. Peter's college, stands in
Utaii's yaid ; dates, in connexion with Wcstmiurter
abbey, from the time of Edward the Confessor; was re-
founded by Queen Elizabeth, for 40 scholars; educates
also about' 110 other pupils, called oppidans or town-
boys; has four .scholarships at Christchurch, Oxford,
and four at Trinity College, Cambridge; had, fot masters,
tlic antiquary CauiJen, Dr. Busby, Vincent Bourne, and
Jordan; numbers among its quondam luipil :, Ben Jon-
son, George Herbert, Giles Elctcher, Jasjicr Jtaync,
William Cartwright, Cowlev, Dryden, Kowc, Prior,
Churchill, Nat Loe, Cowper, Dyer, South^y, Sir Harry
Vane, Sir Christopher Wren, llakluyt, Locke, South,
Atterbury, Warren Hastings, Gibbon, Cumberland, the
elder Colman, the Mirquis of Lansdowne, and Earl Pussel;
and has a schoolroom which was a domestic appurten-
ance of the Abbey, a college hall which was the Abbot's
refectory, and a dormitorj- which was built iu 1722 by tho
Earl of Burlington. The green-coat school, or hospital,
was founded in 1633 by Charles I., and rebuilt in 1700
by Dr. Busby ; is for 25 scholars; and has an endowed in-
come of £723. The grey-coat school, or hospital, was
foimded in 169S ; is for 100 scholars; gives instruction
in mathematics and navigation ; and has an endowed
income of £2,006. The blue-coat school has an en-
dowed income of £199. Enimanuel hospital, or Lady
Dacre's alms -houses for 40 persons, together with
a school for 60, were founded in 1594 ; and have an
endowed income of £3,700. Palmer's alms-houses
and school have £591 ; Hill's alms-houses, £321 ; and
three other suites of alms - houses,, aggregately £97.
Alms-houses for 12 watermen also were founded by
Henry VII. ; and the entire endowed charities, including
those already nani':d, amount to about £8,654. West-
minster hospital was founded in 1719, and rebuilt in
1832-4; stands in the Sanctuary ; contains accommoda-
tion for 230 patients; and has an income, from voluntary
contributions, of about .*J4,430. There arc likewise a
large dispensaiy, a ragged school, and other phihinthro-
pic institutions. Tlie workhouse in AVright's - lane,
Kensington, at the census of 1861, had 517 inmates; the
workhouse in York-street, 134 ; the Westminster hos-
pital, 171 ; the Tothill-Fields house of correction, 583;
the Wellington barracks, 1,176; the Hyde Park barracks,
461. The sub-dLstrict consists of the rectory district
of St. Margaret parish. Pop. in 1851, 31,314; in 1361,
30,730. Houses, 3.875.
MARGARETTING, a village and a parish in Chelms-
ford district, Ess'-x. Tho village stands on the river
Wid, adjacent to the Eastern Counties railway, 2 miles
NE of Ingatestone, and 5 S\V by S of Chelmsford ; and
has a post-office under Ingatestone. The parish com-
prises 2,259 acres. Real property, £3,708. Pop., 483.
Houses, 110. Tlie property is much subdivided. Pea-
cocks is the seat of G. Straight, Esq. Killigrews was a
moated seat, visited by Henry VIII. ; and became a farm-
house. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Roches-
ter. Value, £191. Patron, the Rev. M. Barnard. The
church stands near Ingatestone ; and consists of nave
and aisles, irith wooden belfry. There are a charity
school, and charities £9.
MARGATE, a town, a parish, and a sub-district in
Thanet district^ Kent. The town .stands on the N shore
of the Isle of "Thanet, on a branch of the Soi.theastorii
railway, and on a branch of the Loiidon, Chatham, and
Dover railway, 3 miles WNW of the North Foreland, 5
NNW of Ramsgate, and 72 E by S of London. It was
originally a small village called Moregute or Mcr-gate,
signifying " an opening or gate into the sea;" it includes
the site of another and later small vill.ige, called St.
John or Lucas-Dan;: and it long continued, evoii after
the junction of tii- two villages, to be only a small fish-
ing-town and small .-caport. It had a W()oden yiier long
before tho time of Iff nry VIII. ; and it was oftc u an em-
barking point from England to Holland. The Eb'ctor-
Palatine and hi,; uiS-, tho Princess Elizabeth, daughter
of James I., cmljarked at it; William III. more than
once sailed from it, aud landed at it; George I. and
George II. landed at it; the Duke of JIarlboiough
selecteil it as his pla;e of emliarking and of landing to
and IViim his seve-ral campaigns; and the I'riucea.-*
MARGATE.
278
MARHA3L
Alexaiiilra of Denmark, on her way to be married
to the Prince of Wales, landed at it in 1503. It is re-
corded to have been in repnte " for fishery and coast-
ingtnide;" but, in the time of Henry YIIL, when L<eland
wi'ote, it was "sore decayed." Its houses, even at a
later date, like those of Flemish and Scotch Ssliing-
towns, were generally mere cottages. But it began, to-
ward the middle of last centur}', to be frequented as a
bathing-place; it gradually attracted au increase of visi-
tors by its firm and smooth bathing-beach ; it acquired,
about 1790, by invention of one of its own inhabitants,
the first bathing-machines ever used in England; and it
has gone on to have increasing attraction till, for many
years past, it has been annually frequented by a tempor-
ary population of from 50,000 to 100,000. The influx to
it from the metropolis, both by steamers and by railway,
is very great, insomuch as to render it practically a
suburb of Ijondon. It is much less aristocratic than some
other great bathing resorts; and, on that very account,
has gi-eat multitudes both of temporary residents and of
flying visitors. A few Roman coins and an urn were
found in the cliffs adjacent to it in 1701 ; but neither
these relics nor any records give it a claim to high anti-
quity.
The town stands on the declirtties of two hUls, and
along low ground at their base. It is well laid out ; and
has good streets, paved and lighted. A sea-wall, about
a mile in length, extends along the coast, to defend tlie
town from the sea. The Slarine-terrace lies along the
shore, contiguous to the sea-wall; was originally 1,500
feet long; was recently extended, about 1,000 feet, in
front of the Royal-crescent ; and forms a favourite walk
for residents and visitors. The Esplanade runs parallel
to the Marine-terrace, and is about .| of a mile long. A
pier of Whitby stone, 901 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 20
feet high, was built in 1810-5, by Rennie, at a cost of
more than £100,000; forms a grand promenade; and has,
at the extremity, a lighthouse in the form of a Doric
-pillar, open to the public, aud commanding fine sea-
views. A new landing-place, a platform supported by
iron pillars, and extending several hundred feet from the
shore, was constructed in 1854, for enabling steamers to
land their passengers at any time of tide; and this also
is used as a public promenade. The streets came to be
offensive from deficiency of sanitary arrangements; but
measures for improving them by drainage and otherwise,
were in progress in the latter part of 1S66. The market
was erected in 1820; and is enclosed by Tuscan porticoes
and iron railings. The to^vn-hall, near the market, is a
plain building, and contains some portraits. The droit-
office, at the end of the pier, is a handsome structure
with a portico, and has an illuminated clock. A waiting-
room, for the convenience of passengers by the steam-
vessels, adjoins the droit-house, and was buUt at a cost
of £500. The assembly-rooms have an exterior colonnade,
are handsomely fitted up, and include billiard-rooms and
coffee-rooms. The theatre was built in 1787, and is a
convenient stnictiu-e. The literary and scientilic insti-
tution, in Hawloy -square, was established in 1S39; main-
tains lectures on scientific subjects during winter; and
contains a library with about 2,500 volumes, a well-
snpplied reading-room, and an Interesting museum. The
Clifton baths are excavated out of solid chalk rock; com-
prise a series of subterranean passages; and inclnde a
library, a news-room, a billiard-table, and an ort;an.
Bathing-rooms also are in High-street, and have reading-
rooms attached. A bathing-house likewise is on the
Lower Marine-terrace. St. John's church dates from
1050; retains some Norman portions; is constructed of
rough flint; consists of nave and aisles, with a tower; and
contains numerous brasses. Trinity church was built in
1825; is in the pointed stj'le, of brick v.ith Bath st-one
dressings; comprises nave, aisles, and chancel: and has
a tower 135 feet high, erected partly at the expense of
the Trinity House, and serving as a landmark. An
Independent chapel is in Union-cresccut; a Calvinistic
chapel, in Love-lane ; a chajud of Lady Huntingdon's
Connexion, in Addington-square; a Baptist chapel, near
Cross-street; a Weslcjan chapel, and a Brethren's chapel,
in Ilawley-square; and a Roman Catliolic chapel, in
Princes-crescent. A building cotitig'ious to the pier, to
serve as a place of worship on Sunday and as a reading-
room during the week, was projected, under the auspices
of the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 18G2. A. charity
school gives education to about 400 children. A na-
tional school is connected -with St. John's church; an in-
fent school, with new building erected in ISGt!, adjoins
the national school; a Church of Eugland school is in
Church-square; a British school is in Xew Cross-street;
and there is a Roman Catholic boys', girls', and infants'
school. The Royal National hospital stands at West-
brook; is a neat building; has accommodarion for 250
patients; and is supported by legacies and donations.
Yoakley's Drapers' alms-houses have an endowed income
of £591. The Alexandra alms-houses, in memorial of the
Princess Alexandra's landing in 1863, were built by pub-
lic subscription in 1866, and have an elevation somewhat
in the Italian style. 'The total of endowed charities is
about £800.
The town has a head post-office,t a railway station
with telegi-aph, a banking-office, and seven chief iunsj
and is a seat of petty sessions and county courts. Mar-
kets are held on Wednesdays aud Saturdays; and hava
a good supply of meat, poultry, fish, and vegetables.
Fishing for skate, haddock, soles, and flat fish is carried
on; some little commerce exists with the Netherlands;,
and a coasting trade is conducted in corn, timber, and
coal. All the amusements common to a watering-place,
and all appliances for them, row-boats, sailing-boats, don-
keys, donkey-chaises, telescopes, and bazaars, abound.
The Tivoli gardens, though at a little distance, may be
considered as belonging to the town ; and they resenible,
on a small scale, the quondam Vauxhall gardens of the
metropolis. Races and a regatta are held "in September.
JIanyinterestingplaces, with features either of bc-auty or of
antiquity, are in the near neighl>ourhood, or ^^■ith:n easy
distance, and contribute much to variety of recreation.
The water-works are at Tivoli, were opened in 1851', aud
liave a reseivoir in St. Peter's footpath. The town was
made a municipal borough in 1S57; and is governed by
a mayor, 4 aldennen, and 12 councillors. Pop. in ISol",
8,874. Houses, 1,827.
The p.-uish contains also the hamlets of Garlinge and
Woodchm-ch; and comprises 3,802 acres of land, aud
770 of water. Real property, £50,538; of which £470
are in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 10,099; in 1861, 10,019.
Houses, 2,055. Dentdelion, or Dandelyon, IJ mile W
of the town, was an ancient manor-house belonging to a
family of its own name ; retains a fine castellated gate-
way, of about the time of Henry IV. ; and was long used
as a tea-garden. Hartsdown House, now occupied by C.
T. Hatfield, Esq., is a farm-edifice, commanding a fine
sea-view. Upwards of tn'enty ancient tools, resembling
adzes or chisels, and formed of a sort of bronze, were
found in 1724 near Garlinge. A section of the parish,
containing a pop. of 4, SIS in 1S61, Wixs constituti'd a
separate charge, under the name of Trinity, in 1847.
The living of St. John is a vicarage, and that of Trinity
is a vicarage, in the ilioeese of Canterbury. Value of
the former, £681 ;* of the latter, £450. Patron of the!
former, the Archbishop of Cantcrbuiy; of the latter,
Trustees. A small church, serving also as a school-house,
is at Garlinge. A chapel was formerly at Dane, but has
gone to ruin. — The sub-district is conterminate with the
parish.
ilARGIDTJNU>L See BRiDGFor,t> (E.vst).
JIARHAM, a village a:id a parish in Downham dis-
trict, Norfolk. The village stands li mile S of the river
Nar, 3} SW of Narborough r. station, and 7 V>' by N
of Swatfham; is a long aud pleasant place; aud has a
postal Iftter-box under Downham. The parish com-
prises 3,966 acres. RciJ property, £5,377. Pop., 870.
House.s, 179. The prop'-rty is divided among a few.
The manor belongs to .Sir Thomas Hare, Bart. Marhaui
House is the seat of H. Villebois, Esq. A Cistertiaa
nunnery v/as founded here, in 1251, by Isabella de .-\1-
bini; was given, at the dissolution, to the Hare^; and has
left some remains at a farm-house, a little W of th»-
MArjlAM-CIILHICH.
279
31AUKFIELD.
church. The living is a vicrtiajjc in the diocese of Xor-
wch. Value, £4^31.* P:itron, St. John's College, Caui-
briilge. Tiie church consists of nave, S aisle, and chan-
cel, with a lofty tower; and is good. There are chapels
for Wesloyans and Primitive Methodists, a n.itiou:d
school, and a fuel nllotnieut of 200 acres.
jrAHHA^M-OHrKCII, a village and a parish in Strat-
ton district, Coniu all. The nllnge stands near the Cude
canal, 1^ mile from the coast, 2 SSW of Stratton, and
14i XW by X of Launceston r. station; Tvas known, at
Domesday, as llaromcerch ; and has a post-oftice under
Ptratton, Cornwall, aid f lirs on the Wednesday after 2.5
ilarch and on 12 Aug. The parish e.-ctends to the coast;
and compri-ses 2,015 acres of land, and 75 of water. Peal
property, £3,290. Pop., 5S1. Houses, 121. The
manor belonged, at Domesday, to the Earl of ilortaigne;
and passed to the Pynos, the PoUes, the Trefusis, and
others. An inclined plane of the Bude canal, worked by
a water-wheel, is in the parish; and there i.s an iron
foundry. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Exe-
ter. Value, £314.* Patrons, Jlessrs. Maxwell. The
church is ancient but good, has a tower, and contains
some old monuments. There are chapels for Wesleyans,
Bible Christians, and United Free Methodists, and a
parochial school.
MARHOLM, a parish in Peterborough district, North-
ampton: adjacent to the Great Northern railway, 4J
miles XW by X of Peterborough r. station. Post-town,
Peterborough. Acres, 1,700. Real propertj-, £1,534.
Pop., 172. Houses, 33. The property belongs chiefly
to the Hon. G. W. Fitzwilliara. The living is a rectorj-
in the diocese of Peterborough. Value, £311.* Patron,
the Hon. G. W. Fitzwilliam. The church is partly
Korrnau, partly early English, partly later English;
consists of nave and chancel, with porch and tower; and
contains monuments of the Fitzwilliams. There are
alnis-houses with £14 a-year.
MAEIDUXUJI. See Carm.vrthen-.
MARIEXSLEIGH, or Mary- Ansleigh, a ^-illage
and a parish in South Molton district, Devon. The vil-
la;^e stands on an eminence near the river Jlole, 3^ miles
SSE of South Molton, and 7 EXE of South .Molton Road
r. station; and is a small place. The parish contains
al.so tho haialots of Alsweir and Keuiptown; and its
post-town is South Molton, North Devon. Acres, 1,903.
Eeal property, £1,505. Pop. in 1S51, 334; in 1861,
2S1. Hou.ses, 61. The property i." divided among a
few. The manor belongs to Sir H. Davie, liart. A
sawing and turning mill is at Alsweir. The living is a
■»"icarage in the diocese of E.xeter. Value, £120. Pa-
trons, the Trustees of Davey's Charity. The church is
ancient; consists of nave, N ai.sle, and chancel, with a
tower; and was reported in 1559 as not good. There are
chapels for Independents and Bible Christians, a national
school, and charities £8.
ilARISHES, a township in Pickering parish, N. II.
Yorkshire ; on tho river Derwent, 4) miles S of Picker-
ing. Acres, 2,280. Real property, £2,406. Pop., 287.
Houses, 50.
l^URISHES-ROAD, a railway station in N. R. York-
shire; on the York and Whitby railway, 3\ miles SSE
of Pitkeiing.
MA ]\ I .STOW. See Mx ry.sto^v.
MAI;K, a village and a parish in A.vbridge district,
Somerset. Tlie village sttiuds near the source of the
rivi.T P.rue, 2.1 miles EXE of Bason- Criilge r. station,
nnil G.i SW by S of .Vxbridge; and has a pojt-otlic-e under
Driilgewater, and fair.; on tho Tuesday before Whitsun-
day, the Monday h'foi-e 20 Aug., and the Monday liefore
20 Sept. The pariili contains also the hamlets of Xorth-
wick. S'juthwii.-k, Pi irv, Yarrow, Vole, Pilbrow, Kings-
Po.id, Harp-Road, Dutch-Road, Yard-Wall, and River-
Bridge; and 13 cut into two sections, K and W. Acres,
4,351. Real ])r..porty, £14,402. Pop., 1,217. Houses,
269. The property is much subdiviiled. Tho manor
belongs to John F. Frazer, Esip The living is a vic-
nrage'in the diocese of IVith and Wells. Value, £300.*
Pairoii, the K.irl of Chichester. The church is of tiio
11th fentuiv; con-,i.^ts of tiavo, aish-s, and cliauuel, with
a tower) and was restored in 1SG4. A Wesleyau chapel,
in lieu of aa old oue, WiW built in 1870. There are a Bap-
tist ch ipel, a nation.al school, and charities £30.
^M.VRK-BEECH, a chapeiry in Cowdeu and Hever
parishes, Kent; 2J miles XE of the meeting-point with
Surrej- and Sussex, and 4 SSE of Edenbridge r. station.
It was constituted in 1S52 ; and it has a post-oflice ruuler
Eleubridge. Rated propert}-, £590. Poji., 289. Houses,
46. Pop. of the Cowden portion, 207. Houses, 34. The
property is dividedchieliy among four. The higher grounds
command extensive riews. The living is a ]). curae}' in
the diocese of Canterbury. Value, £05.* Patiou, the
Hon. Mrs. Talbot. The" church was built in 1852; con-
sists of nave and chancel, with small tower and shingle
spire; and has some paii.ted windows. There are schools
and a ixirochial library and reading-room.
j^IARKBY, a parish in SpO.sby district, Lincoln; near
the coast, 3i miles XE by E of Alford r. station. Post-
town, Alford. Acres, 652. Real property, £1,107.
Pop., 111. Houses, 25. The property is divided among
a few. The manor belongs to C. L. Massingberd, Esq.
A priory for black canons was founded here, before the
time of King .John, by Ralph Fitz-Gilbert ; but has left
no vestiges. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Lincoln. Value, £118. Patron, C. L. Massingberd,
Esq. The chui-ch is .m old thatched building, with bell
tnrret ; and was recently in disrepair. There is a Pri-
mitive Methodist chapel.
3IARK-CR0SS, a hamlet in Eotherfield parish, Sus-
sex; 2 miles XE of Rotherfield village. It is a seat of
pettj- sessions; and has a police station and a national
school.
MARKEATOX', a township in Mackworth parish,
Derbyshire; ou an affiuent of the rivei Derwent, 1^ mile
XW of Derby. Real property, £4,835. Pop., 247.
Houses, 42. The manor belonged to the Earls of Ches-
ter; passed to the Touchets; and, with Markeaton Hall,
belongs now to A^. ilundy, Esq. The Hall was built in
1755, and stands in a spacious park.
MARKEXGFIELD. See Maekixgfif.i.d.
MARKET-BOSWOKTH. See Boswortu-Market.
MARKET-BROL'GH. See Brouch, We-tmoreland.
MARKET-DEEFIXG, &c. See Deepi.nc-Makket,
&c.
ilARKET-JEW. See Mahaziox.
MARKET-LA VIXGTOX, &c. See Lavixctox-Mar-
ket, &.•:.
MAltKET-STREET, a division of Vr\TO0udham par-
ish, Xorfolk. Real propertv, £2,501. Pop., 1,435.
JIARKET-STREET, Lancashire. See ifAXCHESXER.
MARKET-STREET, or Markgate-Stree r, a cha-
peiry iu Caddington, Stadhani, and Flamstead parishes,
Herts; at the boundary with Beds, 2i miles SW of Lu-
ton r. station. It has a pnst-oflice,t of the name of
Markgate-Stroet, under I)unstable. Acres and pop. not
separately returned. Real property, £1,214. A Bene-
dictine nunneiy was founded here, in 1145, b}' GeolTrey,
abbot of St. Albaus; wis given, at the dissolution, to G.
Ferrers; and has bequeathed to its site the name of Mark-
V'ate Cell. The li^^^.g is a p. curacy in the diocese of
Ely. Value, £227.* Patron, D. G. Ady, Esq. There
is a grammar school with £138 a-year from endowment.
JNIARKFIELD, a village and a parish in Market-
Bosworth district, Leicestershire. The villano stands 3
miks SE of Bardon Hill r. station, and 7i NW of Leices-
ter; and has a post-ofScet under Leicester. The parish
comprises 2,534 acres. Real properlj% £5,050 ; of which
.£432 are in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 1,'2C1 ; in 1801,
1,391. Houses, 310. The property is much subdivided.
The manor belongs to the Earl of Stamford, (u'.-inite is
quaiTied, and stocking-making is cariied on. Tlie living
is a rectory in th^ diocese of Peterborough. Value,
£500.* Patron, the .Alarquis of Hasting.s. The church
is old, with tower an I spL-e; and war, rebuilt and en-
larged in 1S05. There are chajiels for Indcpendent.s,
Wed'.-yans, and Priioitivf Jlethodists, a national school
built in 1S02, and charities £10.
MA1;KHAM-( Iirili'il. See MAUU\M-Cm-i:cir.
.MAKKILVMCLINTOX. See Mauiciiam (U'Esr^
MARKHAM (East).
280
MARLBOROUGH.
MARKHAM (East), a village and a parish in East
Retford district, Notts. The village stands adjacent to
the Great Northern railway, IJ mile NNW of Tuxford
r. station; is a pretty place ; and has a post-office, of the
name of Markham, under Newark. The parish includes
also the hamlets of Markham-Moor and Sipthorpe-PIace,
and comprises 2,S20 acres. Real property, £5,547. Pop.
in 1S51, 956; in 18S1, 807. Houses, 189. The decrease
of poji. was chiefly caused by the removal of labourers em-
ployed on railway works. The property is much sub-
divided. The manor belongs to the Duke of Newcastle.
The li^■ing is a vicarage, united with the rectory of West
Drayton, iu the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £334. * Patron,
the Duke of Newcastle. The church is ancient; consists
of nave, aisles, and chancel, with lofty embattled tower;
and contains some old monuments and armorial paint-
ings, and a tomb of Judge Markham who died in 1409.
There are a chapel for Wesleyans, a slightly endowed
school, and charities £34.
JIARKHAM-MOOR, a hamlet in East Jlarkham
parish, Notts; 2 miles WNW of Tuxford.
MARKHAM (West), or Makkham-Clixtox, a vil-
lage and a parish in East Retford district, Notts. The
village stands 1.^ mile NNW of Tuxford, and 2^ NW of
Tuxford r. station. Tlie parish contains also the hamlet
of Milton, and comprises 940 acres. Post-town, Tux-
ford, under Newark. Real property, i'1,475. Pop.,
193. Houses, 41. The property is divided among a
few. The manor belongs to the Duke of Newcastle.
The li-ving is a vicarage, united with the vicarage of
IJevercoates, in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £254.*
Patron, the Duke of Newcastle. The old church is a
small building, not in use. The new church was built
iu 1833, after designs by Smirke; is in the Doric stj-le,
with portico and octagonal tower; and includes the
family burying-vault of the Duke of Newcastle. There
are a national school, and charities £17. Sir John Mark-
ham, Lord Cliief Justice in the time of Edward IV., and
whose tomb is in the church of East JIarkham, was a
native.
MARKHEATOX. See JLvekeaton.
MARKINGFIELD, an e.xtra-parochial tract in Ripon
district, W. R. Yorkshire; 3| miles SSW of Ripon.
Acres, 602. Pop., 15. House, 1. The house here is
!Markingfield-Hall, the seat of Lord Grantley; dates
from the time of Edward II.; was recently restored; in-
cludes a great hall, a private chapel, and a solar; and is
surrounded by a deep moat.
MARKINGTON, a village, a township, and a chapelry,
in Ripon parish, W. R. Yorkshire. The vOlage stands
1 mile W of AVormald-Green r. station, and 5 SSW of
Ripon; and has a post-office under Leeds. — The town-
.ship bears the name of Markington-with-Wallerthwaite,
and comprises 3,056 acres. Real property, £4,607.
Pop., 496. Houses, 110. The property is divided among
a few. The manor belongs to W. ^Vilberfo^ce, Esq.
-Agricultural implements are made, and lime is calcined.
— The chapelry is more extensive than the township, and
was constituted in 1845. Pop., 535. Houses, 120.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Ripon. Value,
£180.* Patron, the Bishop of Ripon. The church was
built in 1844; is in the pointed style; consists of nave
and chancel, with porch and belfry; and has three stained
windows and sedilia. There are a Wesleyan chapel, and
a slightly endowed Church of England schooL
MARK (St. I See Lincoln, &c.
!MARKSBURY, a village and a parish in Kepisham
district, Somerset. The village stands 3 J miles S of
Keyiisham r. station, and 5.^ WSW of Bath ; and has a
post-office under Bristol. The parish contains also tlie
hamlet of Houndstrcct. Acres, 1,277. Real property,
£2,590. Pop., 307. Houses, 65. The property is
divided among a fi'W. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of ]!ath and Wells. Value, £240.* Patron, F.
L. Po])hani, Esq. The church is ancient but good; and
con.sists of nave and chancel, with porch and tower.
There are a AVcsleyan chaiiel and a national school.
MARKS HALL, an ancient, ruined, mnated seat iu
the SW of Essex; near Romford. It belonged to the
Urswycks, the Herveys, and the Mildmays; and is a
meet for the East Essex hounds.
ilARKSHALL, a parish in Witham district, Essex;
2 miles N by W of Coggeshall, and 3 S by W of Colno
r. station. Post - town, Coggeshall, under Kelvedon.
Acres, 804. Real property, £1,161. Pop., 42. Houses,
7. The property is divided among a few. The manor
was held at the Conquest by Nigel, under the Montforts;
passed to the Iloneywoods; and, with M. Hall, belongs
now to Mrs. Iloneywood. The Hall is a large edifice
in the Tudor style; and has a portrait of Mrs. Maty
Honey wood, who died in 1620 at the age of 93, and who
saw of her own ofl'spring 16 children, 114 grandchildren,
228 great-grandchildren, and 9 great -great -grand-
children. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Rochester. Value, £176.* Patrons, the Trustees of
the late W. Honeywood, Esq. The church adjoins the
Hall, and contains a fine altar-piece.
MARKSHALL, or Mattishall-Heatii, a parish in
Henstead district, Noifolk; on the river Tas, adjacent to
the Great Eastern railway, 2 A miles S of Norwich. Post-
to\vn, Norwich. Acres, 2,280. Real propeitj', £713.
Pop., 34. Houses, 4. The property belongs to R. K.
-Long, Esq. and Mrs. Dashwood. The living is a sine-
cure rectory, annexed to the rectory of Caistor, in the
diocese of Norwich. The church was relinquished in
1695, and has left some remains.
MARKS-TEY, a parish in Lexden district, Essex; on
the Great Eastern railway, at the junction of the line
forking to Sudbury and to Halstead, 5 miles W' of Col-
chester. It has a itation at the railway junction, and a
post-office under Colchester. Acres, 1,214. Real pro-
perty, £2,120. Pop. iu 1851, 437; in 1861, 396. Houses,
82. The property is subdivided. JIarks-Tey Hall was
an ancient moated mansion, and is now a farm-house.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Rochester.
Value, £234.* Patron, Balliol College, Oxlbrd. The
church is good.
MARKYATE-STREET. See MAHKET-SrEKET, Herts.
MARL A IS. See Mauloes.
MARLAND-PETERS, a parish, with a village, in
Torrington district, Devon; 4i miles S by W of Great
Torrington, and 10 S by E of Bideford r. station. Post-
town, Torrington, North Devon. Acres, 2,237. Real
property, £1,739. Pop. in 1851, 292; in 1861, 332.
Houses, 63. Tlie increase of pop. arose from the tem-
porary presence of artizans for erecting a mansion. The
manor belongs to J. Oldham, Esq. Winscott Hou.se is
the scat of the Stevens family. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Exeter. Value, not reported. Patron,
Archdeacon Moore. The church is ancient; and consists
of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a tower. Charities, £5.
MARLBOROUGH, a hamlet in Aubourn parish, Lin-
colnshire ; on the river Witham, 8^ miles SSW of Lin-
coln. Pop., 14.
MARLBOROUGH, an extra-parochial tract in Droit-
wich district, Worcester; within Droitwich borough.
Pop., 38.
ilARLBOROUGH, a tovra, tvvo parishes, and a dis-
trict in Wilts. The town stands on the river Kennet,
at the terminus of a branch railway, in a valley of the
chalk range, between Marlborough downs and Saveniake
forest, near the site of the Roman station Cunetio, 17
miles E by S of Chippenham, and 26 N by E of Salis-
bury. The branch railway to it deflects from the Berks
and Hants Extension at Savernake station; is SJ miles
long; was authorized in 1861, and opened in 1864; and
was formed on a capital of £45,000 in shares, and £15,000
in loan. The name Marlborough w:ls anciently written
Marleberg, Marlbridge, and Malbridge; and is supposed,
by some writers, to have been derived from Meilin, and
to have been originally written Mcrlinesbourg; but
seems much more likely to have been taken from the
"marl" or chalk hills which abound iu the vicinity.
The site of the Roman Cunetio is at Folly Farm, and has
}-iclded considerable Roman relics; but cannot be soberly
imagined to have had any connexion with the origiu or
early history of the town. Neither any record nor any
vestige of antiquity exists to show that any town waa
MARLBOROUGH.
281
MARLBOROUGH.
here in crea the S.ixoii times. Tlie manor, nt Domesday,
^•eloag-^d to the Crowu, ami had a church. A strong
Ci.-U'Tw.is lui'l here, in the time of Henry L, by Roger,
ti.-Lop of .Salisbury; rraJe a stand for the Empress JIaud,
E^al^it Kin^ Stephen ; passed to Stcjihen only al'ter his
ariri'5'xere srerT^vhere else victorious; was seized by John
daring the time of Richard L's imprisonment in Cer-
laoEj; was re-taken for Richard by Archbishop Hubert;
^ras f^jsseiied all^rmtely by the king and by his oppo-
tea-s in t\e barons' wars; became a royal residence in
the riias ofHi-nry III.: was the meeting-place, in 1267,
of the larliaaieut which enacted the laws known as the
"star.'.tes of Marlbridge;" was visited in 1358, by Ed-
var-i IIL and his queen; and went to ruin at some un-
lect'r'ied pero-i prior to the time of Henry VIII. Only
a few .''ni^ents of its walls remained when Camden
■«To:e bis •'Britannia;" and a mound in the garden of
Marlboron^h College, long regarded as a sepulchral bar-
row, is now known to mark the site of its keep, and
forms its only existing vestige. The tovrsi was a place
of &s.-i2es f;or!i thepassingof "the statutes of Marlbridge"
till the time of Charles I. Tlie manor was given, by
Henry VIII., to the Duke of Somerset; and has de-
scended, by intencarriage, to the Marquis of Ailesbury.
A large maasion was built, on the site of the Castle, by
Sir Francis Seymoiir, gi-andson of the Duke of Somerset,
2nd afterwaris created Lord Seymour; was held in 1643,
for the Par!Lin;ent, by Sir Xevile Poole ; gave accom-
ii:v«iauon, in the following year, to Charles I. and his
rtiS"; was visited, after the Restoration, by Charles II.
and Lis qurtn; became, in the early part of the ISth
century, the residence of the Earl and Coiiiitess of Here-
ford; was then an hospitable resort of Thomson, Pope,
Dr. "\V-jtts, and other literary notabilities; was changed,
after tlie death of the Countess, into a great inn, called the
Carrie Inn, long famous as a stage on the road from
Loudon to iJath; and, with additions and appendages of
modem erc-ction, is now Marlborough College. The
figure of a white horse is cut on a chalky slope in the
tpprwicii to the College from the direction of Calne; and
has, csen thocght, by some superficial observers, to
possess a Ligh antiquity; but is really the work of some
modem school-boys, who had seen the wliite horses of
CLerhill and Bratton. Yet some curious antiquities,
tarrirclarly a cromlech called the Devil's Deu, a great
artliclal m.-.und called SUbury-HUl, a Celtic camp on
Martensell Hill, traces of the Wans dyke on the Downs
l^r.vc-en "Walker's HiU and Heddington, and remains of
the "eat serpent temple of Avebury, are in the neigh-
lotLr'nood. Henry of Marlborough, the historian, who
J'otirlihed during the early part of the 16th century;
J'.hn Hughes, author of the "Siege of Damascus," and
o^e cf the wnteis in the "Spectator;" Dr. Henry
Sicheverell, the notorious ecclesiastical demagogue;
"Waltif Harte, the poet, friend of Pope, and biogiapher
of Gn5tavus Adolphus; Sir ilichael Foster, the lawyer;
azid Fowler and two Sedgewicks, tlie theologians, were
CHtives of Marlborough. Thomson, the poet, wrote in it
l;is "Spring;" Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, Lord
Hirh Treastirer to James I., died in it; the great Earl of
' ■l:i:'::arii sf-ct some weeks in it in 1767; Chief-Justice
Lev took frora it the title of Earl; and the family of
CbV^hill t^ke from it the title of Duke.
ll:e tiwn c'jnsists chiefly of one long street, called
Kigh-rtreet, extending from E to W, terminated on the
E by the town-hall and St. .Mary's church, — on the \V,
bv Jlarl'Dorcugh College and St. Peter's church; and
several lateral streets, diverging from Highstrec-t, and
carried aorvss the Kennet by bridges. It is irregularly
l)tii!t; but has, of late years, undergone considerable im-
yrovsment, I: suIT-jr^d mu'.h injury, in old times, from
fire;: and aa act of parliament, passed in the reign of
V\'ii'J.ir.i tvA Mary, forbade the existence in it of any
that-h-^d luiMings. Some of its houses are of stone; but
mar.j are cf brick or of wocd; and the wooden ones are
ancient, and liave picturesque gables, car\-ed timbers, and
scalr coats of til'-work. Jligh-strect forms an airy
tboroui^'hfare, well suited for market or fair; and has
jrla.'_zas extending along much of its more elevated side.
The town-hall was erected in 1700, on the site of a pre-
vious edifice; is disposed as a market-house in the base-
ment; and includes a council-chamber, a couit-rcom,
and an assembly-room. The public reading-room, in
High-street, was opened in 1851; and has attached to it
a library belonging to a mutual improvement society,
established in isi4. St. Mary's church has aa ancient
tower and a Norman door-way; was considerably damagi d
during the ci^nl war of Charles I. ; and has, in the X
aisle, "a memorial window to the eldest son of Capt.
IManderSj put up in 1866. St. Peter's church has a lofty
pinnacled tower, and was restored in 1S63, There are
chapels for Independents, Baptists, Wesleyans, and Pri-
mitive Methodist.s. Marlborough College was established
in 1S45, for liberally educating sons of clergymen on
economical terms; undcrweut mollification in 1819, b)- a
second charter which allows one half of the pupils to be
sons of laj-men; has attached to il a more recent school
for pupUs not intended to go to the nnivei-sities; in-
cludes a chapel, built in 1847 by Blorc, decorated after-
wards by ButterfitM, and designed entirely for the use
of the pupils; and has, averagely, under tuition about
500 boys. The free grammar school was founded in
1550 by Edward VI.; lias £203 a-year from endovrment,
and exliibitions at Brasenose College, Oxford, and at St.
John's College, Cambridge ; and had, for pupils, Walter
Harte and Sir Jlichael Foster. There are also national
schools, and charities £S5. There were, in old times, a
Gilbertine prior)-, founded in the reign of King John,
and given at the dissolution to the Stringers; a house of
White friars, founded in 1316, by merchants of the town;
a Trinitarian friarj', founded in the time of Henry III. ;
an hospital of St. John, founded in the time of Henry
II. , and appropriated by Edward VI. to the endowing of
the grammar-school ; and an hospital of St. Thomas,
founded in the time of Henry IIL, and annexed in that
of Richard II. to the Gilbertine friary; but all have com-
pletely disappeared.
The town has a head post-office,t a railway station,
four banking-ofhces, and four chief inns; is a seat of petty
sessions and county courts, a polling qilace, and the head
quarters of the Wilts mUitia ; and piublishes two weekly
newspapers. A weekly market isheld on Saturd.ay; fairs
are held on 10 July, 22 Aug., and 23 Nov.; malting,
brewing, tanning, rope-making, sacking-making, and
wool-stapling are carried on; a large trade exists in the
exj'ort of country produce to London ; considerable
business has arisen in connection with Marlborough Col-
lege; much stir arises from the town's being a central
point for sporting over the surrounding downs, and for
angling in the Kennet; and a large Iransit-trafhc formerly
existed in connection with the stage-coaches on the road
from London to Bath, but was severely damaged by the
formation of railways. The town is a borough by pre-
scription; is governed by a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 12
coviiicillors; and -sent two members to parliament till
1867, but now sends only one. The m. borough comprises
the two parishes of Marlborough ; and the p. borough
inclr.des also the parish of Preshute. Acres of the m.
borough, 194. Real property in ISGO, £10,486; of which
£140 were in gas-works. Corporation income in 1S55,
£907. Pop. in 1851, 3,908; in 1S61, 3,684. Houses,
644. Acres of the p. borough, 5,545. Amount of pro-
■j)erty and income-tax charged in 1863, £2,177. Electors
in 1S33, 240; in 1SG8, 3U4. Pop. in 1851, 5,135; in
1861, 4,893. Houses, 821.
One of the Mariborough parishes is St. lUry, and the
other is St. Peter ami St. Paul. Acres of St. M., llf..
Real propertv, £5,072. Pop., 1,903, Houses, 36?.
Acres, of St. P. .ind St. P., 79. Real property, £5,414;
of which £140 are in gas-works. Pop., 1,781. Houses,
276. The surface is much diversified; includes heights,
with maximum elevation of about 500 feet ; and both
contains and cununands pleasant views. The living of
St. M. is a vicar.ige, and that of St. P. is a rc'tory, in
the ilioccse of Salisburv. Value of St. 51., £100;' of St.
P., £130. Patron of both, the Bishop of Salisbury.— The
district contains also the parishes of Preshute, Mildcn-
hall, Ogbournc-St. George, Ogbourne-St. Andrew, Broad-
2.\
MARLBOROUGH DOWNS.
2Si
MAELO^V (Gr.E.v.T).
Hinton, "Wintevlioiirne-Bnssett, Berxx-i.k-Rissctt^ Wm-
terbounie-ironkton, Avehurv, Fyfiekl, aud E.i=t kennet,
part of the parish of Overton, and the extra-parochial
tracts of Overtan-Hcath, Clat ford- Park, >orth-Sayer-
r.ake, and South Savemake-with-BrimsIade and Cadley.
.\cres 42,002. Poor-rates in 18G3, £4,760. Pop. in
1851,' 10,263; in 1861, 9,774. Houses, 1,S57. Mar-
ria^'es in 1363, 51 ; birth.s 283,— of ■(vLi:h 14 were
m^critimate; deaths, 183, -of which 61 vere at ag-es
under 5 years, and 5 at ages ahove 85 -M^^^ges m the
ten years 1351-60, 688 ; births, 3,123; deaths l,93o
The places of worship, in 1351, were 18 of the Church of
England with 4,031 sittings; 6 of Independents, with
Bio's • 2 of Baptists, with 270 s. ; 4 of Wesleyan Me-
thodists, with 620 s.; 6 of Primitive Methodists, with
340 3. ; 1 of Brethren, with 45 s. ; and 2 raiiefineii, with
150 s.' The schools were 17 public day-schools, with
1 644 scholars; 14 private day-schools, with 287 s.; and
22 Sunday schools, with 1,493 s. The workhouse is m
Preshute parish, about 4 a mile from MarFMrough town;
is a buildins of white Bath stone; and, at the census of
1361, had 67 inmates.
MARLBOROUGH, Devon. See MALEOSorcH.
MARLBOROUGH DOWNS, a large tract of hill
country ill Wilts; on both sides of the river Kennet, chiefly
northward from Marlborough to the vicLniri,- of Swindon,
but also southward to the vale of Pewsey, and divided
by that vale from Salisbury plain. Its length from N to
S is about 15 miles; and its breadth is acout 6 miles.
It comprises much tableau and many hills, \vith inter-
veninc vales and hollows ; includes a lar~e ag,:;regate of
unenclosed ground ; abounds in relics of the ancient
British, the Roman, and the Sason times ; and is notable
for coursing. Its greatest heights are :iLirtenaell Hill
and St. Ann's HiU, both in the S, aud ea.;h about 1,000
feet in altitude; and they command a v-;ry extensive
view, including Savemake forest and Salisbury plain.
See WiLTSuinE. .
MARL BROOK, a rivulet of Salop; falling into the
Severn near Bridgnorth.
MARLCLIFF. See Bidfof.d.
MARLDON, a parish in Totnes district, Devon; near
Torbay, 2i miles W of Torquay r. station, and 5 ENE
of Totnes." It . contains the hamlets of Compton ami
Westerland ; and its post-to-\vn is Totnes. Acres, 2,327.
r.eaj property, £4,326. Pop., 554. Houses, 117. The
property is divided among a few. The manor belonged,
in the time of Edward the Confessor, to Osolf; was held,
at Domesday, by .Stephen, and then bore the name of
Contime; passed, in the time of Henry II., to Maurice
de Pole, ancestor of Sir William Pole, the antiquary;
took from the Poles the name of Compton-Pole ; j^assed
from them to the Comptons; belonged, in the time of
Edward II., to the family of Sir Humphrey Gilbert, the
navigator; went from them to the family of Bishop;
passed, about 1S30, to the Garratts; and l-rlongs now to
the Rev. J. Bewcs. The manorial maurlon is called
Compton Castle; has a very ancient gate-ay, and a N
embattled tower; and includes a chapel, with beautifid
windows. The living is a vicariigc, annexed to the
■vicarage of Paignton, in the diocese of Exeter. The
church is old but good; the chancel was rec-ntly restored;
ami the church contains monuments of the De Poles, the
Bishops, and others. There is a recently erected national
school. . , . T,-! ».
MARLESFORD, a village and a parish in Plomesgate
district, Suffolk. The village stands on the river Aide,
adjacent to the Framlingham railwav, 2 miles NE ot
Wickliam-Market, and 4i SE by S of Frar.-.'.ingliam: and
has a station on the railway. The X'ar^^h comprises
1 "77 acres. Post-town, Wiekham-JIark-t. Real pro-
perty, £2,483. Pop., 412. Houses, 95. The property
is divided among a few. The manor b-:-!cngs to Lieut.
Col. F. W. Schreiber. Jlarlcsford Hail i.^ the seat of
ill^s siiuldham. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of Norwich. Value, £380.* Patron, A. Areedeckne,
Esq. The church is Norman; con^jsts of i--iTe aud aisle,
with strongly-buttressed flint to»er; s-iii contains a
munument of 1641 to the Alston familj-, and a monu-
ment to L. Shuldham who feU at Waterloo. Cliarities,
£13.
MARLOES, or MAnL.vis, a parish in Haverfordwest
district, Pembroke; in the peninsula between ^lilford
Haven aud St. Bride's bay, 6 miles AV by N of ililford
r. station, and 10 SW of Haverfordwest. Post-town,
Milford Haven. Acres, 2,478. Real property, £2,947.
Pop., 443. Houses, 95. Tlie property is divided among
a few. A lake here, called ISIaiioes-mere, contains
leeches. The living is a ^•ioa^age in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, £80. Patron, the Lord Chaneelior.
The church is tolerable. Charities, £5.
MARLOW, a township in Leiutwardine parish, Here-
ford; on the liver Clun, 7i miles E by N of Ludlow.
Pop., 107. Houses, 18.
MARLOW (Gueat), a town, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict, in Wycoml>e district, Bucks. The towu stands on
the river Thames, at the boundary with Berks, am.id
beautifid and picturesque scenery. 4^ miles W of Mar-
low-Eoad r. station, and 5^ SSW of High Wycombe;
was known, at Domesday, as ilerlawe; consists chiefly
of two streets, crossing" each other at a market-place;
contains several genteel residences; has, of late years,
underiTone considerable improvement; aud has a head
post-oTKce,t designated :MarIow, several inns, a su.spen-
sion bridge over the Thame?, a lock on t'ae Thames na-
vi"ation,°a town-hall, an ancient building called the Old
Deanery, two churches, four dissenting chapels, a Ro-
man Catholic chapel, a literar}- and scientific institution,
a lecture-room, a national school, au endowed school
with £119 a-year, alms-houses with £79, and other char-
ities, £153. The suspension bridge was cnnstvucted in
1S35, in room of an old wooden one; and has a span of
225 feet. The lock on the navigation lias a fall of 5^
feet. A " chaff" qucrj- is cuneut among the bargemen,
"WTio ate pupjiy-pie under Marlow bridge?" aud ori-
f'inated in a trick of a local innkeep.er, who palmed upon
plunderers a puppy-pie whicli t'liey iniaginei.l to be a rab-
bit one. The to\TO-hall is a neat stoue struc'aire after
desi'^ns by Wyatt. The Old Deaiieiy contains an an-
cient kitchen, and has two fine pointed windows with
flamboyant ti-acery. The parish church, or church of
All Saints, was built in 1835; superseded a beautiful an-
cient edifice; is a stucco structure, with a lofty .s'leeple;
cost so much as £16,000; and has, in the vestibule, a pic-
ture of an extraordinary lusus naturae, called " the spotted
boy." Trinity church is a recent stone structure, aud
serves as a chapel of ease. The Roman Catholic chapel
is a neat edifice, after designs by Pugin; ami has attach-
ed to it a convent. A weekly market used to be held on
Saturday, but was recently discontinued. A fair for
horses and cattle is held on'l May and the two^ following
days. Paper-making and brewing are largely carried
on- the working of lace, embroidery, satin-stitch and
baby linen is considerable; and the manufacture of
skewers, for the London and other markets, is extensive.
The military college was establi.^hed at Great Marlow
several years prior to its removal, in 1313, to Saudhui-st.
Shelley resided here in 1817; and he i^TOte his " Revolt
uf Islam" while strolling or boating iu the neighbour-
hood. Sevmour Court, on an adjacent hill, is believed
bv tlie natives, but erroneously, to have been tlie resi-
dence of Jane Seymour; and it commands a fine view
over the town and" the valley. The town sent two mem-
bers to parliament in the time of Edward I. and Ed-
ward II., and from the time of James I. till the act of
1867, but now sends only one; it was not placi-d in any
schedule of the new municiiial act; and it is goveru.il by
a high constable. Its old limits compri.sed only about
150 "acres; but its limits for parliamentary representa-
tion, since the time of the act of 1*32, have comprised
the Bucks parishes of Great Mailuw, Little Mavluw, aud
Medmenham, and the Berks parish of Bishain. Electuis
in 1533, 4.'.7; in 18GS, 354. Pop. of the y. borough m
IS.'l, 6,523: in ISGl, 6,493. Hou.-^es, 1,234.
Tlio parish comprises 6,152 acres. Real ].roporty,
£13 577; of which £15 are in fisheries, and £330 in ga,5-
worits. Pop. in 1851, 4,485; iu ISOl, 4,661. Houses,
POO. The manor beloiiged, at the Conquest, to Eirl
MARLO\r (Little).
233
MAKKO.S.
Al Mr; was given, by the Conqueror, to his queen Ma-
tilaa; passej to the CUros, the Dtspencers, the Bta-j-
chaijips, nnd the Nevilles; wont, through Lady Auuo, t'^
the Cro>vu ; >v.is part of Qaeen Mary's maintenance piior
to her comiii^; to the throne; pas given by her to Lord
P.i,.;et; and p:used from the Paj^cts to the Claytons. The
liviiip: is a vicarage, united to the chapelry of Trinity, in
the diocese of C>xford. Vfilue, £2ij0. * Patron, the
Bishop (if Oxford. — TJie sub-distiiut contains also the
perishes of Fingest and Turville. Acres, 9,771. Pop.,
5,4.'.0. llousej, 1,055.
HLMILOW ^LlTTLK), a parish in NVyconibe district,
Bucks; adjacent to the Thames, 2 miles VXW of Mar-
low-Road r. station and 4 S by E of High Wycombe. It
has a post-oQice under Marlow. Acres, 3,316. Pa'al
property, £5,1S8 Pop. in 1S51, S94; in 18(51, 790.
Homes, iri The pror-cly is divided between two.
Tiie minor b'donged to "Edith, the Queen of the Con-
fessor; passed to the Bishop of Baieux, the Marshalls,
the Claies, and the P.orlases; and, with the M.-Jior
Hoase, belongs now to J. P. Ellames, Esq. Westhorpe
House is o.^cupied by G. Jackson, Esq. A Benedictine
nunnery Wiis founded in the time of Henrj- IL, at vrliat
is now a farm. Chalk is manufactured into lime. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of O.xford. Value,
£155.* Pation, S. Birch, E.=q. The church is a plain
edilice, with a to.ver; was recently restored; and contains
the tomb of the builder of its chancel, Nicholas de
Ledwick, 1J30. There are a national school, and chari-
ties £30.
MARLOAV-EOAD, a railway station on the S border
of Br.:ks; on the Jtaideuhead and Thame railway, near
the river Thames, 4^ milts X by E of Maidenhead.
iMARL.STOX-CUM-'LEACH, a township in St. Mar}--
OE-the-Hill parish, Che.-.hire; en the Chester and Slirews-
hnry railway, adjacent to the boundary with Wales, 2^
miles SSW of Chester. Acres, 975. Real property,
£1,457. Pop., 163. Houses, 27.
MAKLSTONE, a trthing in P.ucklebury parish,
Berks; 4'^ miles NE cf Newbury. Real propert}-, £879.
Pip., 60. Marlstone House is the seat of H. N. Bun-
bury, Esq. There is a chapel of ease ; and the tything
ranks as a cbapelry, anne.\ed to the vicarage of Buckle-
burv, in the diocese of O.'cford.
MARNHAM, a township in East Retford district,
and a parish partly al.so in Southwell tlistrict, Notts.
The township lies on the river Trent, .3.^ miles N by E
of Carltoa-un-Treut r. station, and 5 E3E of Tuxford ;
and has a fair, fur horses, caitle, and merchandise, on
12 Sept. Acre.5, 2,3S0. Real property, .£4,306. Pop,,
273. Houses, 46. The parish contains also tlie town-
ship of Grassthorpe, and tiie hamlet of Skegby ; and its
po->t-iown is Carlton-nn-Trent, under Newark. Acres,
2.SJ0. Real property, £6,140. Pop., 3 IS. Houses,
67. The property is sub^livided. The manor of Marnham
belongs to the Hon. C. 11. Cust; and that of Grassthorpe,
to the Right lion. J. E. Denison. The living is a vicar-
ag.^. in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £396.* Patron,
the Hon. C. H. Cust. The church belonged to the
Knights Templ.ffs; i.> early perpendicular English; was
recently restored; and has a tOMcr. There are an en-
dowed school with £10 a-vcar, and charities £41.
-M.AliNHULL, a vilbge and a parish in Sturniinst;r
district, Dorset. The village stands 1 mile E of the
river Stour, 1^ .SE of the boundary with Somerset, and
3 N of Stunninster-Newton r. station ; is large and irre-
pularly built; and Lns a post-office under Blandford.
Thi pni-ih contain;; also the handcts of Burton, Kcntis-
fo:d, and Thornton. Acres, 3,751. Real property,
with' Fifchead-.Ma^-dalen, £11,390. Rated property of
M. alone, £7,491. Pop., 1,444. Houses, 327. The
jiroperty is divided among a tVw. The manor belongs to
.lohii llus.-ii-y, Esq. Nash Court is the cliief residence;
has belonged to the Hus.seys since tiic time cf Cliarles
II.; was tlie birthplacu of Giles Ilussey, the ingenious
painter, who drew by tlie nmsical scale; ami contains
so.ue choice paintings of the old lua.iters. The living is a
r>':tory in the diofc.->e of Salisbuiy. V;due, £S00.* Pa-
tron, K. W. Kennard, Esq. The church is large and
good, and has a tower. There :ire chapeL for Wesleyans
and Roman Catliolics, and a parochial school.
MAKOWX. See Kli.K-M.^liOW.v.
JIAKPLE, a village, a towr.ship-chapelry, and a sub-
district, in Stockport district, (.'heshire. The village
stands on the Pi-ak Forest and Macclc^jfield canal, and
on the Manchester. Hyde, and New Mills jailway, near
the river Govl at the boundary with Derbyshire, 4 miles
SK by E of Stockport; and has a station on the railway,
and a post-ofllce.{ under Stockpjrt.— The chapelry is in
Stockport pari.sh, and comprises 3,210 ^.cres. Heal pro-
perty, £11, SOS. Pop. Ln 1S51, 3,553; in 1S61, 3,338.
Houses, 6S4. Marple Hall and much of the land belong
to T. Bradshaw l5henvood, Esq., a descendant of the
brother of John Bradshaw, who ]iresided at the trial of
Charles I., and was a native. The cotton manidacture
is carried on. The living is a p. curacy in t!ie diocese
of Chester. Value, £150." Patron, the Rector of Stock-
port. The church was rebuilt i.n 1S12; comprises nave,
aisles, and chancel; and contains a monument to Old-
now, who planned the canal. There are chapels for In-
dependents, Wo.sle\"ans, and Primitive ]\Iethodists, a
national school, and charities £15. The Independent
chapel was built in 1865. — The sub-district contains also
t\vo other townships of Stockport parisli, and an extra-
parochial tract. Acres, 6,230. Pop., 5,128. House.?,
1,059.
JIAR.R, a village and a parish in Doncaster district,
■\V. R. Yorkshire. The village stands 4 miles WNW
of Doncaster r. station, and has a post-office under Don-
caster. "The parish comj'rises I,8u7 acres. Real pro-
perty, £2,111. Pop., 222. Houses, 41. The pro]ierty
is divided among a few. The manor belongs to C. S.
A. Thellusson, E?q. The living is a vicaiage in tho
diocese of York. Value, £163.* Patron, C. S. A. Thel-
lusson, Esq. The cLuich is early English, in good con-
didon; consists of nave, aisles, chancel, and porch, with
tower and small spire ; ncd contains an ancient font,
chests, and monuments of the Lewises. Charities, £11.
JIARRiCK, a village and a pari.sh in Reeth di.striet,
N. R. Yorkshiie. The village stands on the river Swale,
6i miles WSW of Richmond r. station ; and has a post-
otlice, under Richmond. Yorkshire. The parish con-
tains also the hamlet of Hurst. Acres, 5,560. l^eil
juopertv, £3,702; of which £300 are in ii;ines. Pop. in
1S51, 555; in 1861, 402. Housrs, 93. The do'.-rense of
pop. was caused by nnproductiv>^ working of lead mines at
Hurst. The property is divided among a few. The
manor belongs to F. Morley, Esq. Marrick Park and
Marrick Lodge are chief residences. A Benedictine
nunneiy was founded here, in 1165, by Roger de .Vske;
had 17 nuns at the dis.^olution; and has left the nave of
its church and several detacheil portions of other build-
ings, with ai'chitectural features of considerable interest.
Tile liinng is a vicarage in the diocese of Papon. Value,
£93. Patron, F. Morley, Esij. The church is the nave
of the old nunnery church, has a tower, and is in good
condition. Charities, £17.
ilARRIDCE HILL, an eminence in the NE of Wilts;
7 mOcs ENE of Marlboroush.
MARRINGTON, a towiiship in Chirbnry j.arish,
Salop; 54 miles NW of Bishops-Castle. Po).., 92. Mar-
riiigton Hall is a chief residence.
ilARRIOTS-DROVE, a di-:iinage-cut in the N of
Huntingdon; near Ramse" mere, 3 miles N of Raiusoy.
JLVRRISHES. See MAUisHrs.
JIARROX (The), a rivulet of Cumberland; rising on
Bl.ike Fell, and running 9 miles northward, past Ullo'.'k,
P.rauthwaite, and Little Clifton, to the Denveiit, 3i
miles above '\S'ork;n_'t'in.
51ARR0N JU.N'CTION, a railway-station in Cumber-
land; on the Cock' nimutli and Workington railv/ay, at
the junction of a line going southward thence up tlie
Jlarron ri\-er.
MARROS, a parish in the district of Narbeith an.I
county of Carmaitli-n; on Carinartheii bay, .''i ni;!cs S
by E of Wliitland r. stati..'n, and 6 WSW of Laughnrne.
Post-town, IVndinv, under St. Ch'ars. Acre=, 2,^'74; of
which 400 are water. Real property, ilOul. Poi>., 130.
MARSDElf.
284
MARSHFIELD.
Houses, 30. The property is all in one estate. The
land is very poor. Ironstone is found. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £72.
Patron, the Vicar of Laugharne. The church is good.
MARSDEN, a \'illage and a township-chapehy in
Almondbury and Huddersfield parishes, W. K. York-
shire. The village stands on the river Colne, adjacent
to the Manchester and Huddersfield canal and to the
Manchester and Leeds railway, under the backbone of
England, 45 miles E of the boundary with Lancashire,
and 7i SW by S of Huddersfield; is a large place; and
has a station on the railway, a post-office + under Hud-
dersfield, and fairs on 25 April, 10 July, and 25 Sept.
The chapelry comprises 5,016 acres in A. parish, and
2,050 in H. parish. Real property, £6,226; of which
£319 are in quarries, and £150 in gas-works. Pop. of
the A. portion in 1851, 2,153; in 1861, 2,027. Houses,
428. Pop. of the H. portion in 1851, 512 ; in 1861, 662.
Houses, 13S. The increase of pop. in this portion arose
from the enlargement of a cotton mill, and from employ-
ihent on the railwaj- and in the woollen mills. The pro-
perty is much subdi\-ided. The manor belongs to Sir
Joseph Radcliife, Bart. Great part of the land is uncul-
tivated moor and mountain. A tunnel of the railwaj-,
no less than 3 miles 61 yards long, begins a little W of
the village; and a tunnel of the canal adjoins the rail-
way one. A cotton factory, a silk factory, several
woollen mills, an extensive iron foundry, and a large
corn mill are in operation. ' The township adopted tlie
local government act iu 1860, and is now gijvemed by a
local board. A mechanics' hall, connected with a
mechatucs' institution dating from 1341, was erected in
1861, at a cost of £2,500; is in the Italian style; and
has an apartment with capacity for 1,000 persons. Mr.
W. Horsfall of JIarsden, in consequence of having intro-
duced improved machinery, was shot in 1S12 by the
Luddites. The living is a vicaiage in the diocese of
Ripon. Value, £174.* Patron, the Vicar of Almond-
bury. The old church is a plain, ancient, stone build-
ing; comprises aisles and chancel, with a belfry; and was
reported in 1859 as bad. The new church was built in
1867, at a cost of £7,235 ; and is in the geometric
middle pointed style. There are chapels for Inde-
pendents and AVesleyans, a national school, and a town
school. The Independent chapel was rebuilt about 1860,
and is in the pointed style. The national school was
built in 1856, at a cost of £2,000.
MARSDEN, a township and two chapelries in ^^^lalley
parish, Lancashire. The township consists of the two
chapelries, called Little M. and Great JL ; lies on the
Leeds and Liverpool canal, and on the Lancashire and
Yorkshire railway, 2,^ and 4 miles NE of Burnley; has
two stations on the railway, at Brierfield for Little M.,
and at Nelson for Great M.; and has a post-ofEce.Jof the
name of !Nelson-in-Marsdeu, under BurnltfV. Acres, of
Little M., 1,470; of Great M., 2,890. Real property of
the whole, £27,821; of which £1,304 are in quarries, and
£11,063 in mines. Pop. of Little M., in 1851, 3,997;
in 1861, 5,162. Houses, 1,005. Pop. of Great M., in
1851, 2,071; in 1861, 2,180. House.s, 422. The in-
crease of pop. wa.s caused by the erection of cotton-mills.
The property both of Little M. and of Grea: M. is much
subdivided. Marsden Hall is the seat of W. Finder,
Esq. ; Southfield, of N. England, Esq. ; and Spring
House, of T. Mason, Esq. Nelson, in Little Jl., is
lighted with gas, and publishes a weekly newspaper.
The cotton manufacture is carried on, and coal and stone
abound. Little M. is a p. curacy, Great M. a vicarage,
in the dio. of Manchester. Value of Little M., £180;*
of Great JL, £300.* Patrons of the forraer, Hulme's
Trustees; of the latter, alt. the Crown and the Bishop. The
church of Little M. is a plain stone building; and that
of Great !M. was erected in 1848, at a cost of £2,050, and
is in the pointed style. There are chapels for Indepen-
dents and Quakers, three for Wesh-yans, and two for
Primitive Jlethodists, three national solxools, and a
meclianics' institution.
MARSDON BAY, a small bay on the coa^t of Dur-
ham; 2i miles SE of the mouth of the river Tyne.
Marsdon Rocks here are a wild assemblage of freestone
masses. These rocks, says Grant, " sliattered by storms,
have parted, from age to age, with vast fragments that
stand in every variety of grotesque form and combina-
tion, pillars and tombs and towers, ramparts and huge
bridges, and triumphal arches, through the black green
hollow of which the billows roar and dash." One of
them, called by pre-eminence the Marsdon Rock, and
lying 270 feet from the shore, is pierced with a lofty
arch, under which boats can pass. A public house,
called the Grotto, with large quaint rooms excavated out
of the live rock, is at the foot of a cliff at the shore, is
approached by a iiarrow flight of steps down the clitf, and
is a favourite resort of picnic parties.
MARSH, a hamlet in Great Kimble parish, Bucks; 2
niUes S of Aylesbury. Pop., 153.
MARSH, a tything in Beaminster parish, Dorset;
near Beaminster.
MARSH, a division of Calceworth wapentake, Lincoln;
containing Aby parish, and twenty-one other parishes
Acres, 37,812. Pop. in 1851, 7,113 ; Houses, 1,437.
MARSH, a division of Candleshoe wapentake, Lincoln;
containing Addlethorpe parish, and ten other parishes.
Acres, 48,880. Pop. in 1851, 7,585. Houses, 1,538.
MARSH, a division of Louth Eske wajientake, Lin-
coln; containing Alvingham parish, and fifteen other
parishes. Acres, 36,889. Pop. in 1851, 5,183. Houses,
1,082.
MARSH, or March, a township in Wcstbury parish,
Salop; 11 miles "W of Shrewsbury. Real property,
£2,113. Pop., 87.
MARSHALL'S CROSS, a place in Prescot parish,
Lancashire; 2 miles from St. Helen's. It is a seat of
earthenware works, and has a post- office under St.
Helen's.
MARSHAM, a villas and a parish in Aylsham dis-
trict, Norfolk. The village stands near the river Bure,
2 miles S of Aylsham, and 11 N of Norwich r. station;
has a post-office imder Norwich; and gives the title of
Viscount to Earl Romney. The parish comprises 1,819
acres. Real property, £2,314. Pop,, 622. Hou.ses,
148. The property is subdivided. Bolwick Hall is the
seat of J. 11. Warnes, Esq. The ancestors of Earl
Romney resided in the parish in the 12th century. Tho
living is a rector}' in the diocese of Norwich. Value,
£281. Patrons, Miss C. C. Blake and the Rev. E. T.
Yates. The church consists of nave and chancel, with a
tower; and contains an ancient screen, a carved font, and
monuments of the Norrises and others. There are a
Primitive Methodist chapel, and charities £18.
MARSHAM, Berks. See Maf.cham.
MARSH-BALDON. See Baldox-Maksh.
MARSH-BENHAM. See Benham (Marsh).
MARSHBROOK, a village in the S of Salop; adjacent
to the Shrewsbury and Hereford railway, 3.i miles S by
W of Church-Stretton. It has a station on the railway,
and a post-office under Church-Stretton.
MARSH-CHAPEL, a village and a parish in Louth
district, Lincoln. The village stands 1| mile E of the
Louth navigation, 2 J from thocoa.st, 4 ENE of Ludborough
r. station, and 10 NNE of Louth; and has a post-office
under Grimsby. The parish extends to the coast; com-
prises 3,131 acres of land, and 1,160 of water; and in-
cludes 304 acres of salt marsh, reclaimed and embanked
in 1858. Real property, £6,358. Pop., 671. Houses,
153. The property is much subdivided. The manor be-
longs to J. B. Stanhope and C. Allex, Esqs. The land
is fertile reclaimed marsh. The living is a vicarage iu
the dioce.se of Lincoln. Value, £222. Patron, the llev.
A. Floyer. Tho church is late perpendicular English;
consists of nave, aisles, chancel, and chantry-chapel,
with pinnacled tower; wa.^ restored in the chancel in
1S48, iu the nave iu 1804; and contains a fine oak
screen, a handsome octa[;on,al font, and a monument of
1617 to \Y. Harpham. There are chapels for AVe.-^h.^-ans,
Primitive Methodists, and United Free iMethodi-^ts, a
national school, and charities £40.
MARSHES (The). See Ham or West Ham.
JIARSIIFIELD, a small town, a parish, and a sub-
MAKSHFIELD.
281
MAR3T0N.
diitrict, 13 Chipping-SoJbury dUtriot, Gloucester. TIio
tovrn stands nzA'-r the Cotswolds, \\ milo E of the
bouaJiTT wiih Wilts, 2 X of the boundary with Somer-
set, 4; N bv ^V of Bo.\ r. station, and 7-XNE of Bath;
coEiiiti; clueily cf one street, nearly a mile in length; is
governed hy a hiiililT, with liberties 16 miles in circuit;
and biS a i-ost-ofSce i under Cliippenhara, a police sta-
tica, a ch"rch, three dissenting chapels, an endowed
£chiX.I with £01 a year, alms-houses with £97, and other
charirles £2S0. The church is of the 15th century;
coni~rl>es cave, tliree aisles, and chancel, with porch and
towrr; and cottiins several tablets and monuments. A
■wee'i-y mark-t is held on Tuesday; fairs are held on 24
May .ind 24 Oct ; .ind malting and brewing are carried
on. — ^The pir!ih cc'ntoins also the villages of Becks, Rocks,
and Wcstoa-Town, and the hamlets of Oakford and Ay-
ford. Acres, 5,54.5. Eeal property', £11,249. Pop. in
1S51, 1,643; i;i 1361, 1,712. Houses, 375. The man-
or l-jlongs ro the Rev. Dr. Horlock. Ashwick House
Ijfclotged to :be Webbs, passed to the Horlocks, and is now
the seat of John Orred, Esq. Rocks House, or the
Kocks, a fiie mansion, on an eminence with extensive
view .3 miles SE of the torni, was the seat of the late D.
C. W'ransLni, E=q. Some Druidical stones are near
Eecks. 'tiii living is a vicarage in the dioce=;e of Glou-
cester and BristoL Value, £409.* Patron, New Col-
lege, O.^ord. — The sab-district contains also five other
parlihis. Acres, 15,177. Pop., 4,103. Houses, S67. '
}iLA.PiSHyiELD, a village and a parish in Newport
dirrrict, Moncourh. The village stands near the South
V("als5 railway, 5 miles SW of Newport; and has a sta-
tion on th; Kilwa}. The parish comprises 1,270 acres;
and irs post-ro.vi; is Newport, Monmouth. Real pro-
perty, £2,4??. Pep., 509. Houses, 115. The property
is s'.;i.-<ii\"id:->3. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Llariaif. Value, £55.* Patrons, the Dean and Chap-
ter of Bristol. The church is later English, in good
cori'iidon; and contains stone-stalls.
^lARSHFIELD, an extra-parochial tract in Ulver-
sto-^i J jjtrict, Lancashire; near Broughton-in-Furness.
MAR.SH-GATE, a place cu the N border of Surrey;
on the rivcr Th.'imes, near Richmond.
MAR.SH-GIBBON, a village and a parish in the dis-
tri;" and county of Buckingham. The village stands
Tiear th'; Osford and Bletchley railway, 1 mile E of the
boTUiIary with Oxfordshire, '2h N of Akeir.an-street, 2
E of LaunT.'jn r. station, and 4i E by N of Bicester; and
has a po?:-o5Le under Bicester. The parish comprises
2,752 £.cr?s. Real property, £4,824. Pop. in 1851,
£'44: ia ISol, S53. Houses, 20.'!. The property is sub-
div-Med. The manor and much of the land belong to
Ewvline Almshouse. The living is a rectory in the
dicoese of Oxford. Value, £456.* Patron, the Bishop
of Oxford. The church is ancient, and has a tower; and
tie chancel wis recently repaired. There are an Inde-
per.Jint chape', a national school, aud charities £45.
2'IAKSH-GEEEN, a hamlet in Edenbridge parish,
Kezt; U mile SW of Edenbridge.
jURSH-GREEN, a viUag-; in Rockbear pr.rish, De-
von: 2 milrs licrn R.^'kbear church.
MARSHLAND. See Bedford Level and Fkee-
B?.:t ;E•:^Lvyj;KL.^^•ll.
_MAF.SH-L.iNE, a place in the NE of Middlesex; 1
mV.i NE of Lower Edmonton.
iL\RSH-L.l.NE, a railway station in Lanca.';hire. See
Ei..-iTi--i:rM-L!v.vcr.K.
JIAP.SH-M1LI.S, a station on the Tavistock railway,
D'^ron: 3 i::i!vs NE of Plymouth.
MAR-SlLt^lDE, a hamlet in North Mcols township
and p.irl-h, L->.:;'a.-(liire; Si miles NNW of Ormskirk.
MAK-^H-Wrni-PADDOCK, a haudet in Huddcrs-
f.cld pri-h. V.-. It. Yorkshire; near Huddrrsfield.
iLiRSH\VO'Jl), a vilhige aud a parish in IJcaniinster
.iUtrlct, D )r<-.-r. Tlie village stands on the river Cliar,
5 :ailes SW of B-^rain.sttr, and 5 NAV by N of Bridport
r. station.; and w;is anciently the head of a barony. The
p-irlsh coTi:priic3 3,39C acres; anil its ]M,st-toun i.^
Trioraoombe, under Cli;ird. Ratrd jiroperty, £.3,074.
Pop., 47i Hf'iijes. 102. Tlie prop..-it^ is much sub-
divided. The Ch-ir's valley here bears the name of tht<
Vale of Marshwoud; and is a very rough Cffuntry, with
cold stiff clay of the li:i3 formation; but is noted for the
large size of its oaks. There are two ancient camps. The
living is a p. curacy, aune.xed to the vicarage of AMiit-
church-Canonicorum, in the diocese of Salisbur)-. The
church is modern; and there is a village school.
MARSIDE, a hamlet in Bainbridge township, Ays-
garth parish, N. R. Yorkshire; near Askrigg.
MAKSKE (The), a ri\-uletof N. R. Yorkshire; rising
in Hope moor, and running about 6 miles south-south-
eastward to the Swale, 4 miles W of Richmond.
MARSKE, a village and a parish in Richmond dis-
trict, N. R. Yorkshire. The village stand.s on the rivu-
let ilarske, a little above its influx to the Swale, 5\
miles W of Richmond r. station; and has a post-olBca
under Richmohd, Yorkshire. The parish contains nl<o
the handets of Feldon and Skelton, and comprises G,557
acres. Real property, £3,217. Pop., 263. Ilouses, 52,
The property belongs to J. T. D. Huttou, Esq. JIarsko
Hall is Sir. H.'s seat; and the grounds contain an obe-
lisk 60 feet high, to the memory of Capt. M. Huttoa.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Ripon. Value,
£376.* Patron, J. T. D. Hutton, Esq. The church is
ancient and good, has a Norman doorway, and contains
an old font. The charities include an endowed school,
and amount to £76 a-year. Dr. M. Hutton, Ajchbi^h.^p
of Canterbury, wa.s a native.
MARSKE, a village, a township, a parish, and a
sub-district, in Gaisbrongh district, N. R. Yorkshire.
The village stands on the coast, aud on the Middles-
brough and Saltbum railway, 4j miles NNE of Guis-
brough ; is frequented as a watering-place; and has a
station with telegraph on the railway, aud a post-ofSce,
of the name of Marske-by-the-Sea, under Redcar. The
township comprises 2,910 acres of land, and 536 of wa-
ter. Real property £10,527; of which £1,571 are in
iron-works. Pop. in 1851, 571 ; in 1861, 1,470. House.-,
279. The increase of pop. arose from the opening of
of iron-stone mines.— The parish contains also part of
Redcar township. Pop. in 1851, 1,430; in ISCl, 2,314.
Houses, 449. The property is divided among a few.
The manor, with Marske Hall, belongs to the Earl of
Zetland. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
York. Value, £205> Patron, the F.arl of Zetland.
The old church stands near the edge of a cliff, at sorao
distance from the village; wa.s erected in 1821 ; and is a
neat small edifice, with tower and spire. Tlie new
church stands on a site more convenient for the increas-
ing population; was erected in 1S6C, with aid of a iiee
site and at least £2,000 from the Earl of Zetland; aud
contains 610 sittings, all free. The ji. curacy of Redcar
is a separate benefice. There are chapels for Weslej'ans
and Primitive Jlethodists, a national school, and chiri-
ties £6. The father of Capt. Cook, the circumnavigator,
was interred in the old burying-ground. The sub-dis-
trict contains also Upleatham parish, a^ul parts of two
other parishes. Acres, 17,618. Pop., 4,803. Houses,
996.
MARSTON, a to\\-n3hip, with a village, in Great
J)udworth parish, Cheshire ; on the Trent and MtrsL-y
canal, 21 miles NNE of Northwich. Acres, 1,045. Real
property, £7,401; of which £2,080 are in miucs. Po]>.
in 1851, 559; in 1861, 745. Houses, 144. The in. reus,
of pop. arose from the removal hither of pei-soni frcm
Northwich, in consequence of the undermining of their
houses by salt .springs. Salt mines aud txteusivc sail
manufactories are here. Tlie most noticeable of tlio
mines has been worked since about 1777; has an cx-
ravated are.i of 33 acres; is 336 feet deep; fc:nis avast
chamber, .supported by pillars of s.'dt 00 feet square and
15 feet high; wa.s 'i'isited by tlie Emperor Nicholas of
Russia in 1814, and then illuminattd with upwards of
10,000 lights, and used for a banquet; and was visited
by distinguished members of the lUitish Association in
1854, when it was again splendidly iluminated, and
when nearly 1,000 persons descended into i? in one d.\v.
The mauufacture of sr\lt-pans and steam-boilers is c.ir-
ricd on. A handsome Church of England <;chool w.u;
MARSTON.
2S6
JIAKSTOy (Long).
trectcil in 1S')5; aaJ is useJ, on Sunday evenings, as a
chapel of ease.
MARSTON, a villajro and a parish in the district of
Newark and county of Lincoln. The village stands on
the river Witliam, 1 mile SSW of Hougham r. station,
and 5 NNW of Grantham; and has a post-oSce under
Grautham. The parish comprises 2,430 acres. Real
property, £3,830. Pop., 403. Houses, 82. The manor
and most of the land belong to Sir J. C. Thorold, Bart.
iLivstou Ilnll was formerly the seat of the Thorolds, but
is now a fiirm-house. The living is a rectory, annexed
to the rectory of Hougham, in the diocese of Lincoln.
The church is old ; aud consists of nave and chancel,
with tower and spire. There are an endowed school
with £35 a-year, and charities £35.
MARSTOX, a parish in Headington district, Oxford-
shire; on the river Cher\vell, near the Oxford and Bletch-
ley railway, 1^ mde ^N'NE of Oxford. Postiown, Ox-
ford. Acres, 1,212. Real property, £3,301. Pop., 452.
Houses, 94. The ancient seat of the Crokes here was
the place where the royalists made formal surrender of
Oxford in the wars of Charles L ; and is now a farm-
house. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Ox-
ford. Value, £195. Patron, the Rev. Dr. T. H. ^\lior-
wood. The church is later English; and consists of
nave, aisles, and chancel, with porch aud tower. There
are a national school, aud charities £39.
MARSTON, a hamlet in Church-Eaton parish, Staf-
ford; near the Junction canal, 5i mUes W of Penkridge.
MARSTON, a township-chapelry in St. Mary and St.
Chad parish, Staffordshire; partly suburban to Statfortl,
but avevagely 2 mUes WSW of Sandon r. station, and 2j
N of Stafford. Post-town, Stafford. Real property,
£3,200. Pop. in 1S51, 206; in ISdl, 345. Houses, 6J.
The increase of pop. aro.~e from the erection of houses in
the part adjoining Stntlbrd. The property is divided
among a few. A considerable common was enclosed in
1300. The living is a vicarage, united with the vic-
• a£;e of AVhitgreave, in the diocese of Lichfield. Value,
£1S0.* I'atroii, the Rector of St. Mary. The church
is good, and has a bell-turret. i
^MARSTON, a nuarter in Bickenhill parish, "Warwick;
on the river Cole, '3\ miles S\V of ColeshUl. Pop., 24G.
Marston Hall is the seat of H. Thomley, Esq.
MARSTON, a hamlet in Lea-Marston parish, "War-
wick; 2 j mUes NE of Lea-Mavstou church.
MARSTON, a hamlet in AVolston parish, ^VaI■wick;
on the river Avon and the Northwestern railway, 5.i
miles ^y of Kugbj-. Pop., 486.
MARSTON, a tything in Potterne parish. Wilts ; 3^
.miles SW of Devizes. Real propcrt;\', £1,^*75. Pop.,
190. Houses, 41. There is a Primitive Methodist
chapel.
ilARSTON, a chapeliy in Yardley parish, Worcester;
around Hall- Green, adjacent to the boundary with War-
wick, ].\ mile SW of Acocks-Green r. station, and 3i
SE by S of Birmingham. Post-town, Hull-Green, under
BiiTuingham. Tlie chapelry has no defined limits. The
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Worcester. Value,
£290.* Patrons, Tnistees. The church was built, by
Job ISravston, in the time of Queen Anne. There is a
brinch of the Yardley free grammar school.
MARSTON, Beds. See JIarston-JIoretaise.
INIARSTON BAY. See Mae.sdox Bay.
^LVRSTON-BiGOTT, a village and a parish in Frome
district, Somerset. The village stands near the East
Sumerset railwa)', 2.^ miles SW of Frorae r. station; and
gives the title of Baron to the Earl of Cork. The parLsh
contains also the hamlet of Gaer-Hill; and its post-town
is Frouii. Acres, 2,233. Real property, £4,010. Pop.
in 1851, 4-i9; in 1S61, 379. Houses, 83. Thejiroperty
is subdivided. The manor, witlx ^lar^ton. House, be-
longs to the Earl of Cork ; and came into tlie possession
of his ancestors about 1630. A spot cal!;d Marston-
Mrat w.is the site of a more ancient manur-house. A
field en lied Coucpieror's Mead, near that sp-'t. is said to
have bpun the scene of a great battle in an.iint times;
an 1 it has a barrow, supposed to have been firmed by
interment of the slain. A bastard freestone abounds,
and is used for mortar and for manure. Bricks aiul tiles
are made. The living is a rectory in tire diocese of
Bath and Wells. Value, £2S0.* Patron, the Eari of
Cork. The church was rebuilt in 17S9 ; is in the Nor-
man style; consists of nave aud chancel, with porch and
tower; aud has beautiful stained glass windows. A
chapel of ease is at Gaer-Hill; and national schools arc
there and at the village.
MAKSTON-BUTLERS. See BuTLEUs-:^L^Rsro^-.
MARSTON-FLEET, a parish in Aylesbur>- distri-t,
Bucks; 3 miles NW of Aylesbury r. station. Post-town,
Ayle.sbury. Acres, 929. Real propertj-, £1,600. Pop.,
23. Houses, 5. The propertj- is divided between tvlo.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of O.xford. Value,
£220. Patron, the Rev. S. Humphreys. The chra-cli
is good.
HLVESTON-GATE, a railway station in the W wing
of Herts; on the Cheddington and Aylesbiiry railway, 2]
miles WSW of Cheddiugton.
MARSTON-GREEN, a village on the NW border of
Warwickshire ; adjacent to the Birmingham and Faigby
railway, 64 miles E by S of Birmingham. It has a sta-
tion on the railway, and a post-office under Birmingham.
MARSTON-JABBETT, a hamlet in Bulkington p;ir-
ish, "Warwick; on the Ashby-de-la-Zouch canal, 2^ miles
S by E of Nuneaton. Real propertj-, £1,125; of which
£293 are in quarries. Pop., 93.
MARSTON-LE.A. See Lea-Marstox.
MARSTON {Loxg\ a village and a townsliip in Tad-
caster district, "W. R. Yorkshire, and a p;'.rish partly
also in Wetherby district, W. R. Yorkshire, aud partlj'
in York district, E. R. Yorkshire. The village stands
adjacent to the York, Knaresborough, and Harrogate
railway, 6 J miles AV by N of York ; and has a station ou
the railway and a post-office under York, both of the
name of Marston. — The township comprises 2,540 acres.
Real propertj-, £3,397. Pop., 405. Houses, 91.— Tiio
parish contains also the townships of Aiigram and Hut-
ton- Wandesley, aud comprises 4,281 acres. Real pro-
perty, £5,282. Pop., 586. Houses, 126. The property
is divided among a few. The manor of Marston belongs
to A. Montagu, Esq. ; and that of Angram and Hutton-
"Wandesley, to Lord Weulock. Hutton- Wandesley Hall
is the seat of the Hon. R. N. Lawley. Marston -iloor,
about 1 i mile SSW of the %-Lllage, is famous as the bat-
tle-field where Fairfax and Cromwell, in 1644, defeated
the royalists under Prince Rupert.
" On JIar.ston Heath
Met, front to front, the ranks of deaih ;
Flouri.*hed the trumpets fierce, and now
Fired was each eye, and flashed each brow;
On either side loud oisiaoiirs riu?,
' ItoJ and the Cause!" — ' God aud the King!'
Right English all, they rushed to blows.
With nought to win, and all to lose."
Upwards of 4,000 bodies were buried ou the field; ar.d
the graves are still observable, while interesting relics of
the battle are occasionally turned up by the plough.
The living is a rectory in the ilioccse of York. Value,
£865." Patron, Lord "Wenlock. The church lias Nor-
man arches in combination with more recent architec-
ture; is in gond condition; consists of nave, N aisle, and
chancel, with porch and tower; aud contains monuments
of the Thw.iites, the Thompsons, the Ronndells, the
Micklethwaites, and the Smiths. There arc a Wesleyaa
chapel, a national school, aud charities £142.
JLARSTON (Loxo), a chapelry in Triug parish, Herts,
and Marston parish, Bucks; 1 mile SE bv S of ifarstoiL-
Gate r. station, aud 3] NW by N of Triiig. Post-town,
Triug. Real property, £3,92-J. Pop., 4lO. The manor
and nnicli of the land bel.mg to W. Kay, Esq. Tlie
limits include Long !Marstou and Astuorpo hamlets,
and Betlow lord-hip'. The living ).« a p. cuiacy in the
diocese of Rochc-t-'r. Value, not reported. Patron, the
Vicar of Tring. The cliurch includes some vorj- ancient
portions. There is a Baptist chapel.
ilARSTON (Lo.n-g), Gioacester. See iLvKSTO.V-
Sicc.v.
MARSTON (Loxg), CucTii. See Lo.sgmarstoxk.
MARSTOX-MAC.XA.
287
jrARSTON-TUCSSELL.
MARSTOX-MAGXA, a village and a parish in tlie
district of Sheiborne, ami county of Somerset. The
villajje staniU on an atHuent of the river Yeo, adjacent
to the Wilts and Somerset railway, '2\ miles W of the
b'jundaiy witii Dorset, and 4J XE by N of Yeovil; and
hiLs a station, of the name of jlarston, on the railway, a
]>ost-otlice, of the name of Marston-Magna, nndor Slier-
lionie, and a fair in Advent week. The parish cornprises
1,06S acres. Keal property, ilS, 020. Top., 379. Houses,
f 2. The property is much subdivided. Tlie manor be-
longs to J. P:vrsou3, Esq. Remains exist of au ancient
buihling, called Court-garden, with a moat and fish-
ponds. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Rath
and Wells. Value, X305.» Patron, Capt. Shipton. The
cJuu-ch dates from the time of King Stephen ; has a Lady
chapel of some later period ; comprises nave, aisle, and
chancel, with porch and tower; contains a Xorman font;
and is in good condition. There ai-e a national school
and three alms-houses.
MARSTON-MAISEY, a narish in the district of Ci-
rencester and county of Wilts; adjacent to the Thames
and Severn canal, and nearly surrounded by Gloucester-
shire, 3 miles NE by X of Cricklade, and 6i NXE of
Purtonl-. station. Post-town, Cricklade. Acres, 1,276.
Eeal propertv, with Castle-Eaton and Lushill, £6,171.
Eated property of M.-M. alone, £1,791. Pop., 215.
Hoiises, 52. The property is much subdivided. The
.living is a vicarage in the diocese of Gloucester and Bris-
tol. Value, £76.* Patron, the Rector of Hampton-
ilaisey. The church is goodj and there is a slightly
endowed national school.
MAKSTON-ilONTGOilERY, a village and a parish,
in the district of Uttor.eter and county of Derby. Tlie
village stands If mile E of the river Dove at the bound-
ary with Staiford, 2J ESE of Rocester-Junction r. sta-
tion, and 4^' NE of Uttoxeter; is a scattered place ; and
has a post-othce luider Ashborne. The parith comprises
2,471 acres. Real property, £3,950. Pop., 405. House.;,
87. The property is much subdivided. The linng is a
rectory in the diocese of Lichfield. Value, £140. Pa-
tron, the Rev. J. Greene. The church stands on an emi-
nence; and consists of nave and chancel, with a tower.
There are a Weslej-an chapel, and charities £6.
M.ARSTON-MOOE. See iUitSTO^f (Loxc), York-
shire.
MARSTOX-JIORETAINE, a village and a parish ii>
Am])thill district, Beds. The village stands on a branch
of thi- river Ouse, 1 mile W of the Bedford and Bletch-
ley railway, and 3A NW of Ampthill; was once a mar-
ket-town; and has a station with telegraph on the rail-
way, and a post-office under ArapthLU, both of the name
of Marston. The parish comprises 4,171 acres. Real
property. £0,5S6. Pop. in 1S51, 1,183; in 1861, 1,270.
Houses, 259. The property is divided among a few.
The manor belongs to H. Alington, E.sq. The living is
a rectory in the diocese of Ely. Vahie, .t'1,130.* Patron,
St. John's College, Cambridge. The church comprises
later Eiighsh nave and aisles, early English chancel, and
a massive detached tower; contiuns two brasses of the
15tii century, and a Sue marble monument; and was
rt'iiaired in 1565. There are chapels for Wesleyans and
Primitive Methodists, a new national scliool, and chari-
ties £60.
^^.\.R^TOX (Xonrn). a village and a parish in Wins-
low distri..-t, Bucks. The village stands 3.^ miles S of
Winslow r. station, and 7i N of Aylesbury; and has
a post-ollice und«'r Winslow. The parish comprises
1,910 aoies. Real property, £3,661. Pop., 614. Houses,
137. The priiperty is subdivided. A perennial spring,
called Sir Jo!in Shorno's well, is at the foot of the
vill.ige; is fabled to have startcil into being by mira-
culous a -t of a saintc-d injumbent in the 13tli century;
and w.a-s together with a costly shrine of the same persiin
in the cliurch, frequent'jd for ages by superstitious pil-
grims. The living is a vicarage in the iliocese of Os.-
ford. Value, £1.^0.* Patrons, "the Dean and Canons of
Windsor. Tiie churi.h stands on an eminence; is partly
decorated English and partly later, with a tov.er; has a
Laa'lsomo E ^^■illJow and reredos, elected by (iuceii Vic-
toria, in memory of .T. C. Xield, Esq., who bequeathed to
her his fortune o( about £250,000, and died in lS.r2;
and contains fine oak stalls, a piscina, three brasses of
1499, 1602, and 1613, and a ciuious memorial of 3fr.
John Virgin. There are chapels for Wesleyans and Pri-
mitive Jlethodisrs, a national school, and 26 acres of
poors' and church lan'ls.
MARSTOX-PuTTERS, a hamlet in Barwell p.arish,
Leicester; on a branch of the river Soar, 4i| miles EXE
ofHincklev. Acres, 2 SO. Pop., 15.
MARSlbX'-PRlOR.S, a village and a parish inSouthani
district, Warwick. The village stands near the O.Ktor 1
canal, adjacent to Xorthamptonshiie, 5 miles XE by E
of Feruiy-Compton r. station, and 5 SE of Southam; and
has a post-office under Rugby. The pari_>h comprises
3,630 acr-s. Real property, £6,578. Pop., 693. Houses,
155. The propertv is much subdivided. The living is
a vicarage in the diocese of Worcester. Value, £230.-
Patron, Earl Spencer. The church was mainly rebuilt
in 1863, but retai::3 the old tower. There are chapels
for Moravians and Weslevans, and some charities.
MARSTOX-ST. LAWREXCE, a village an.l a pari.sh
in Brackley district, Xorthampton. The village stands
1^ mile XXE of Farthinghoe r. station, and 5^ XW of
Brackley; and his a postal wall-box under Banbuty.
The parish contains also the hamlet of Westrop, and
comprises 1,230 aires. Real property, £4,071. Pop.,
535. Houses, 122. The property is divided among a
few. The manor, with ilarston House, belongs to J. A.
Blencowe, Esq. The living is a vicarage, united with
the p. curacy of Vi'arkworth, in the diocese of Peter-
borough. Value, £420.* Patron, J. J. Blencowe, Esq.
The church is ancient,, of various dates ; consists of nave,
aisles, and chancel, with embattled tower; and contains
sedilia, a carved oak altar-piece, a piscina, and several
monuments of the Blencowes. There is a free school. ■
MAUSTOX-SICCA, or Lo.vG iLvRSTON, a WUage and
a parish iu the district of Stratford-on-Avon and county
of Gloucester. The \"illage stands on an aSuent of the
river Avon, adjacent to the Honeybourne ar.d Stratford
railway, within 2 miles of the boundaries with Warwick
and Worcester, 5i miles SW of Stratford -on -Avon;
consists of two p irts, called respectively Jlarston-Sicca
and Long ilarston ; contains a house in which Charl-jj
II. lay conce>dei in the flight from Worcester; and
has a station on the railway', and a post-ollice under
Stratford-on-Avon, both of the name of Long Marst ju.
The parish coraorises 1,650 acres. Real piopert}-, £2,S4S.
Pop., 371. Houses, SO. The manor belongs to F.
Tome.s, Esq. The living is a rectory in the diocese cf
Gloucester and Bristol. Value, £430.' Patron, F.
Tomes, Esq. The church consists of nave and chancel,
with a tower, and contains an old Xorman font. There
are an endowed school with £101 a-}"eai', and charities £o.
M.-VKSTOX (^outh), a chapelrj' iu Highworth i>arish,
Wilts; ailjacent to the Great Western railway and to the
river Cole at the bouudarj- wth Berks, 2] miles V/ of
Shrivenham r. station, and 3^ S by W of Highworth.
Post-town, Highv.-orth, under Swindon. Real property,
with Stanton-Fi:z-.varren and Sevenhampton, £11,536.
Rated property ci S. il. alone, £3,S27. Pop., 370.
Houses, 85. The property is much subdivided. Tlie
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Gloucester and
Bristol. Value, £175. Patron, the Vicar of High-
worth. The ch-.rch is ancient and tolerable. There ii
a subscription :r'.hool.
iMARSTOX-STAXXETT, a chapelry in Pencoinbe
pari^h, HereforJ; 4i miles E of Foid-Bti.ige r. station,
and 5| W of Drorayard. Post-town, Leominster. The
statistics are retamed with the parish. The living is .i
p. curacy in the diocese of Hereford. Value, tJ5. Pa-
tron, the Rector of Pencombe.
MARSTOX-TRUSSELL, a village and a parish in the
district of MaTk--t-Harborough .aiid coauty of X'orth.nnii-
ton. The villi:,'; stands adjacent to thi- bound;iry with
Lriester, l-; v.:'.'.^ K of Theddingworth r. station, and 3
W by S of M.i:ket-Harborough. Th-' parish, in some
sensi', includes i.l,-o Thorpe-Lub.nham, which othi,-iwi.-e
is au extra-pare '.Iiial tract. I'oit-tov.n, iLirkct-Har-
irARSTON-UPON-DOVE.
2S3
MARTINDALE.
borougti. Acres, with T. -L., I,6i0. Real property,
exclusive of T.-L., £2,432; inc. of T.-L., £3,37(5. Pop.,
exc. of T.-L., 219. Houses, 4S. Pop., inc. of T.-L.,
244. Houses, 50. The manor-farm, with Marston-Tras-
sell Hall, belongs to B. E. Bennett, Esq. The liring is a
rectory ia the diocese of Peterborough. Value, £500.*
Patron, the Rev. W. Law. The church is of the 14th
century; and consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with
embattled tower. There are a parochial school, and
charities £6.
MARSTOISi'-UPOX-DOVE, a township and a parish
in the district of Burton-upon-Trcnt and county of Der-
bj'. The township lies on the river Dove at the bound-
ary with Stafford, and on the North Staffordshire rail-
way, 1 mile WNW of Tutbury-Junction r. station, 3i
WN\V of Ryknield-street, and 5 NNW of Burton-upon-
Trent. Real propert}-, £2,070. Pop., 103. Houses,
16. The parish contains also the townships of Hoon,
Hatton, and Hilton; the last of which has a post-office
Tinder Derby. Acres, 4,775. Real property, £8,898.
Pop., 1,211. Houses, 268. The property is subdivided.
The manors of Marston and Hoon belong to the Duke of
Devonshire, and that of Hilton belongs to the Execu-
tors of the late W. E. Mousley, Esq. HUton Cottage
is the seat of J. H. Jlousley, Esq. The Wakelyn is an
ancient, gabled, curiously-ornamented, half-timber man-
sion. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Lich-
field. Value, £200. * Patron, the Duke of Devonshire.
The church ia early English ; consists of nave, aisles,
and chancel, with tower and lofty spire; and contains a
fine Norman font. There are, in Hilton, chapels for
Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists, and an endowed
school with £30 a-year.
MARSTOW, a parish in Ross district, Hereford; on
an affluent of the river Wye, 24 miles N of the bound-
ary with Gloucester, and 4J SW of Ross r. station.
Post-town, Ross. Acres, 809. Real property, £2,052.
Pop., 142. Houses, 27. The property is divided among
a few. The living is a vicarage, united with the vic-
arage of Penco}-d, in the diocese of_Hereford. Value,
£269. Patron, the Vicar of fe^ellack. The church is an-
cient but good, and has a small tower. The churchyard
is subject to inundation by the river.
MARSWORTH, or Masworth, a village and a par-
ish in the district of Berkhampstead and county of Buck-
ingham. The village stands adjacent to the Grand Junc-
tion canal, near the Northwestern railway, 1| mde NNE
of Icknield-street, 2J S of Cheddington-Junction r. sta-
tion, and 2J N of Tring; and has a post-office under
Triug. The parish includes also parts of Long ilarston
and Asthorpe hamlets, and comprises 880 acres. Real
property, £2,393. Pop. in 1851, 479; in 1861, 549.
Houses, 106. The property is divided among a few.
Urns, ancient coins, and other relics of antiquity have
been found. A large reservoir of the Grand Junction
canal is here, and is a resort of anglers. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of O.xford. Value, £200.* Pa-
tron, Trinity College, Cambridge. The church is later
English, in good condition ; consists of nave aud chan-
cel, with a tower; and contains some ancient monuments
of the West family. There are a Bnptist chapel, a na-
tional school, and charities £4.
MARTHA (St.), or Sr. M.^etha-ox-the-Hill. See
CHILWORTn.
MARTHALL, a tovmship in Rosthcrne parish, and a
chapelry partly also in Kuutsford parish, Cheshire. The
township lies 1 mile WNW of Chelford r. station, and 3^
HE by i., of Knutsford. Acres, 1,733. Real property,
£2,500. Pop., 253. Houses, 44. The chapelry was
constituted in 1840, ami is called Marthall-cum-Little
"Warford. Post-town, Knutsford. Pop., 525. Houses,
100. Ollerton Hall was built in 1728, and is the seat of
R. K. M'Gildowny, Esq. The living is a p. curacy in
the diocese of Chester. Value, £00.** Patron, l.,ord
Egorton. Tlie church is a plain brick building. There
are an endowed school, aud charilics £4.
MARTIIAil, a Tillage and a j.arish in Flegg district,
Norfolk. The village stands on rising-ground above
mirshes, 3J miles from the coabt, aud 9 NW by N of
Yarmouth r. station; is a large place, with several hand-
some houses and some good shops; and has a post-office^
under Yarmouth, Norfolk, and a fair on the last Tuesday
of July and the following day. The parish comprises
2,644 acres. Real property, £7,020. Pop., 1,092. Houses,
255. The property is much subdivided. The manor
belongs to J. F. Grove, Esq. Martham Hall is tho
seat of "W. Rismg, Esq. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of Norwich. Value, £364.* Patrons, the Dean
and Chapter of Norwich. The church comprises nave,
aisles, S porch, and lofty fine tower, in early perpendicu-
lar English; includes a chancel in florid Gptliic, rebuilt in
1855, at a cost of nearly £8,000, in memorial of the Rev.
J. Dawson, and containing an altar-tomb to him ; has a
very fine stained glass E window by Hardman ; and con-
tains a richly-sculptured, octagonal, ancient font, and a
brass of 1487. There are chapels for Baptists and Primi-
tive Methodists, an endowed school with £17 a-year, and
charities £40.
MARTHA-ON-THE-HILL (St.). See Chilwop.th.
5IARTIN, a village in Dalton-in Fumess parish, Lan-
cashire; 2 miles N of Dalton. It has a post-office under
Ulverstone.
MARTIN, a hamlet in East Langdon parish, Kent; 4
miles N by E of Dover.
MARTIN, a township in Timberland parish, Lincoln;
on Martin drain, 4J miles SW of Kirkstead r. station,
and 64 WNW of Tattershall. Acres, 3,932. Real pro-
perty, £6,873. Pop., 908. Houses, 181. The manor
belongs to the Rev. J. "\V. King. Martin drain runs to
the river Witham, and gives navigation to the general
canal system of the county, and to the sea at Boston.
There are chapels for AVesleyans and Primitive Method-
ists, and a free school.
MARTIN, a parish in Homcastle district, Lincoln;
on the Homcastle canal and the Homcastle railway, 2J
miles SW by S of Homcastle. Post-town, Homcastle.
Acres, 764. Real property, £1,110. Pop., 56. Houses,
'10. The property is divided among a few. The manor
belongs to W. Gilliat, Esq. The parish is a meet for the
South Wold hounds. The living is a rectory in the dio-
cese of Lincoln. Value, £170. Patron, alternately W. Gil-
liat, Esq., and J. W. Floyer, Esq. The church is a
thatched edifice of nave and chancel, with a wooden tur-
ret. . Scott, the commentator, began his ministr}' here.
MARTIN, a hamlet in Harworth parish, Notts: 11
mile NW of Bawtry. Pop., 81.
MARTIN, a parish in the district of ForilingbridgQ
and county of Wilts; adjacent to Hants and to Doi-set,
4 miles NNE of Cranbome, and 6^ W of Braemore r.
station. It contains the tythings of East Martin, West
Martin, and Tidpit; and has a post-office under Salis-
bury. Acres, with Toyd-Fann and AUenford extra-paro-
chial tract, 4,501. Real property, with South Damerhain
and Whitsbury, £9,674. Rated property of M. alone,
£3,148. Pop., 574. Houses, 142. The property is
divided among a few. The living is a vicarage in tho
diocese of Salisbury. Value, £130.* Patron, the Vicar
of Damerham. The church is ancient, was recently re-
stored, and has a tower. There are a I*rimitive Jlethod-
ist chapel, a national school, and charities £142.
ilARTIN, a tytliing in Great Bedwin parish, Wilts;
on the Kennet and Avon can.d, near the Great Western
railway, 64 miles SE of Marlborough. Pop., 153.
JLVRTIN, Cheshire and Yorkshire. See MAT.xoif.
MARTINDALE, a chapelry in Barton parish, West-
moreland ; on the E side of ULles-water, 84 miles SW by
5 of Cliftou r. station, and 10 SSW of Penrith. Post-
town, Penrith. Acres, 8,060; of which 1,030 are water.
Real property, £1,476. Pop., 174. Houses, 39. The
property is subdivided. Part of the land is common, and
much is moor and mountain. 'J'he main pcrtion is a
glen, Martind ale-proper, tniversed by a streamlet 4'J
mUes northward from Kilsty Pike to t'llcs-water, at the
\V base of Hallin Fell; and'tiiis has a bare appearance,
but contains a few scattered houses shaded by sycamores,
and ha.s, in its upper pait, a hunting-box of the Ilasscls.
A summit-point on its W flank, rc.iched by a green foot-
p.xth, commands a tine view over the lower reaches of
MARTIKIIOE.
MAr.TlN (Sr.)-IW-TUEFIELDS.
Ulles-water, past Penrith, away to the Cro.« Fell nioiiu-
tains. Thb living is a y. curacy in the diocese of Car-
lisle. Valne. £57.* I'dtrou, A. W. Clarke, Esq. The
church is a low-roofeil ancient eJifice, with a bell-gable;
anil was restored in IS'33. There is au enJoweJ national
School.
MARTIN'IIOE, a parish, with a picturesque little
village, in Barnstaple district, Devon; on the coast, 4
miles W by S of Linton, and 13 NE of Barnstaple r. sta-
tion. Post town, Parracombe, uuiler Barnstable. Acres,
2,540. Red property, £1,1S'5. Pop., 219. Houses, 44.
The manor was originally cuUoil Martin's Hoe or Mar-
tin's Hill; took its name from the family of ilartyn, who
were anciently its owners ; wont from them to Mauger
St. Albyn, and remained with his descendants till 1422;
and thence passed, through various hands, to Sir R.
'n>rockmortoi!. The livin^' is a rectory in the diocese
of Exeter. Value, £109.* Patron, John Pike, Esq. The
church is partly ancient but chietly modern, has a small
tower, ami contains several monuments.
MARTIN-llUSSIXGTREE, a parish, with a small
village, in Droitwich district, Worcester; near Foarnall-
ileath r. station, and 2^ miles SSW of Droitwich. Post-
town, Worcester. Acres, 90S. Real jiroperty, £1,821.
Pop, 170. Houses, 41. The property is subdivided. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Worcester. Value,
£24S.* Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Worcester.
The church has a bell-turret, and is gootL There is a
parochial school.
:MART1N (St.), a parbh in Liskeard district, Corn-
■w;dl; on Looe bay and tlie river Looe, 4i miles SSW of
Menheniot r. station, and 6^ S by E of Liskeard. It
contains the town of East Looe; and its post-town is
Looe, under Liskeard. Acres, 3,199; of which 130 are
water. Real property, e-xclusive of East Looe, £2,802;
inc. of East Looe, £4,622. Pop., exc. of East Looe, 343.
Houses, 71. Pop., inc. of East Looe, 1,497. Houses,
276. The manor was known, at Domesday, as Lant-
Martin ; and it took its name from St. Martin du Tours.
About 2.50 acres are under wood. The coast is noticed in
the articles on East Looe and West Looe. The living is
a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £481.* Pa-
tron, alternately the Dowager Countess of Sandwich and
the Dnke of Clevelaml. The church stands on high
ground above East Looe, and is ancient but good. The
town of East Looe, jointly with that of Vi'est Looe, forms
a separate beneRce. There are a Wesleyau chapel, a na-
tional school, and charities £4.
MARTl.V (St.), a parish in Guernsey; Ih luiio SW of
St. Peter's-Port, and including St. Martin point and
Jcrbourg point at the SE extremity of Guernsey. Post-
towni, Guenisey. Acres, 1,799. Pop. in 1S51, 1,908;
in 1S61, 2,000. Houses, 390. The chief features are
noticed in the articles Gl'kp.nsey and JkubuUrg. The
living is a reetoiy in the diocese of Wini'hester. Value,
iloO.' Patron, the Goveinor. The church is a jdain
building of sombre appearance. One of the posts of the
gateway of the churchyard consists of a very uncouth
figure, said to have been an idol of the aboriginal in-
habitants. There are chapels for Independents, Bajstists,
and Wcslevans, and parochial schools.
MARTIN (St.), a parish ia Jersey; on the E coast, 3 J
miles NE of St. llelier. It contains part of the village
of'Jorey; audit has a post-ofTice under Jei-sey. Acres,
2,4.j5. ' Pop. in IS;'-!, 3,711; in 1801, 3,558. Houses,
5>1. Gorey-harbour is all within this parish; and, at
the cen.sus of ISCl, contained oyster-fishing vessels with
2iir> persons on board, and a ship of the royal navy for
protecting the fishery with 71 persons on board. Driiidi-
lal remains arc at Le Coaperon and Anneville. The
living is a rectory in the dioee.se of Winchester. Value,
£190.* Patron, the Governor. The church is a plain
buildinj:;. A chajul of ease is at Gorey, and another
chapel is at Royal ^lanor, and each of them is a separate
charge. There are a Weskyan chapel, and national and
j'arochial schools.
JIAUTIN (St.), a jwriah and a sub-district, in Oswes-
try district, .Sail)]). The parish lies on Watt'.s dyke and
th'e Ellesmero canal, adjacent to the river Ceiriog at the
boundary with Wales, 2^ miles ESE of Chiik r. station,
and S.J NNE of Oswestry; comprises the townships of
Ifton-Khyn, Weston-Rhyn, and Bronygarth; and con-
tains a considerable village of its own name, w ith a post-
ollice under Ru.ibon. Acres, 5,314. Real property,
£10,982. Pop in 1851, 2,132; in 1S61, 2,351. House.s.
508. There aie mines yielding jiroduce of the value of
more than £600 a-year. The living is a vicar ige in the
diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £320.* Patron, Lord.
A. E. Hill Trevor. The church is ancient. There are
two public schools, six alms-houses, and charities £7.
The sub-di.irrict contains also Whittington parish
and Halston extra-jiaroehial tract in Silop, and Chirk
parish in Denbigh. Acres, 13,945. Pop., 5,909. Houses,'
1,202.
M.\RTIX (St.). an extia-parochial tract in Richmond
district, N. R. V^rkshire; 1 mile S of Rielunond. Pop.,
53. Houses, 11. X Benedictine priory, a cell to York
abbey, was foumled hero about 1100 by Wyomar of
Aske.
MARTIN (St.), one of the Scilly Lshnds, in Corn-
wall; 3 miles N of St. Mary's. Acres, about 550. Pop.,
185. Houses, 48. On the N of it is St. Martin's b.ay,
connected by land at low water with 'White Island which
has a deep> cavern or old tin-mine; on the E is St. Mar-
tin's Head, 160 feet high, crowned by the Day Mark,
and commanding a very striking view among the islands;
on the SE are the Higher Town and Cruther's Hill, about
70 feet high ; on the S and the W are St. ilartin's Flats,
famous for shells: on the W is Tinder's Point, sur-
mounted by a Druidical stone, and near the remains of
two Druidical circles; and on the NW, accessible at
low-water, are Pernagie Isle, "Plumb Island, and the
Lion Rock. "
MART1^'■ (St.\ in Yorkshire, Kent, and other coim-
ties. See Beverley, C.4Xterbury, Chester, Chi-
chester, Colchester, Exeter, nAVERFORU\YEST,
Hereford, Leicester, Lixcolx, Londox, Nonwicir,
Oxroi'.D, WAREn.v>r, Worcester, York, &c.
MARTIN (St.), or M.vkti.k (St.)-Ivychurch, ;.
hundred in the lathe of Shepway, Kent; comprising the
parishes of Ivvchureh and Midley.
-AIARTIX ("St.)-IN'-MENEAGE, a village and a parish
in Helston district, Cornwall. The village stands on the
river Hel, 5i; mihs SE by E of Helston, and 9 S by W
of I'enrhyn r. station. The parish comprises 2,294 acres
of land, aud 75 of water. Post-town, Helston, Corn-
wall. Real projierty, £1,809. Pop. in 1851, 522; in
ISOl, 419. Housl=, 95. Tlie property is divided among
a few. Tremayne w-as the seat of the Tremayne family,
and the residence of ("'apt. Wallis, the circumnavigator.
Trelowarron is a chief residence. The rocks include
limestone and ser[>entine. An ancient camp, occupying
14 acres, and surrounded by a very deep fosse, is at Gear;
and another ancient camp is at Carvallack. The living
is a rector}-, anne;ved to the rectory of jMawgan, in the
diocese of Exeter. The church was rebuilt in 1830, but
retains the tower of the previous edifice. Tlicre are a
AVeslej-an chapel and a national schooh
MARTIN (St.)-1.\-THE-FIELDS, aparish and a dis-
trict in Westminster, Jliddlese.x. The parish forms a
compact portion of the metropolis; lies around Charing-
Cross, Ij mile W.SW of St. Paul'.s; adjoins the Thames
above aud below the Charing-Cross railway bridge; com-
prises the wards of Suflblk-street, Charing-Cross-first,
Charing-Cross-second, Speer-allc)', Exchange, Strand,
Kew-street, Bedfo'.dbury, Long-acre, and Drury-lane;
includes also part of the quondam extra-parochial jilaoe
called the Verge of tlio Palaces of St. .lames and White-
hall, and a detaclird portion with burial-gr'iund and
alms-houses in Pratt-street, Camden-Town; and contains
Chariiig-Cross raib.viy station, Cliaring-Cioss branch of
the head post oliice t of London W.C., and numerous re-
ceiving post-otliccs:^ and jiOital pillar-boxes under Lon-
don ^y.C. and Loiidon S.^^■. Acres, 305; of which 22
arc cither in the Thames or within the area of the
Thames embankment. Real property in 1860, exclusive
of the Verge of the Palaces, £246,379; inc. of the cutiri'
A'erge, £30?,1 |3. Pop. in 1S5], 24,610; in 1801, 22,081-.
JIIARTIN (Sr.VIN-TIIE-FlELDS.
MAETLEY
Houses, 2,2-10. The decrease of pop. arose partly from
the demolition of houses for the making of new streets
and the effecting of other imiTOvements. Some chief
features are Buckinf<ham jjalace, 'H. James' palace, St.
»Tames' park, Trafalgar-square, Chariug-Cross railway
station, the National Gallery, several theatres, and
numerous clubs, mansions, ami public offices; but these,
together with local historical events, eminent natives,
and distinguished residents, will be found noticed in the
articles Lon'dox and Westminster.
The parish, prior to 1535, was part of St. llargaret's;
from that date till 16-3S-S4, included St. Taul, Covent-
garden, St. Annc-Soho, St. James, and St. George
Hanover-square; is now cut ecclesiastically into the
sections of St. Jlartin, St. ilichael, and St. John-]5road-
court; and contains also the chapelries of Bedfordbury
and St. Matthew-Spring-giu'dens. St. ilichael was made
a separate charge in IS-tS ; and St. John-Broad-court, in
1855. Pop. in 1S61, of St. M., 3,-324; of St. J., 2,9S3.
The living of St. Martin is a vicarage united with, the
chapelry of Bedfordbury, and St. i'ichaeland St. John
are vicarages, in the diocese of London. Value of St.
Martin, £1,258;* of St. Michael, £250;* of St. John,
jCIoO; of St. ifatthew, not reported. Patron of St.
Martin, the Bishop of London; of St. Michael and St.
Matthew, the Vicar of St. .Martin; of St. John, Sir
AValter Jainea. The original church of St. Martin was
built iu 1222, and stood literallv "in the fields ;" had,
till 1535, the status c.f a chapel of ea.se to St. Margaret;
served, about the year 16S0, for a population of about
•40,000; and was then surrounded by narrow alle3's,
popularly called the Bermudas or Carribee Islands, and
densely inhabited by a lawless people, whom Pilchard
Baxter described as " living like Americans, without
hearing a sennon for many years." The present church
was built in 1721-C, after designs bv Gibbs, at a cost of
£36,892; measures HO feet in Ien:rth, 40 in width, and
45 in height; has a noble Corintliim portico, 65 feet
wide, modelled after that of the Pantheon at Rome; is
surmounted by a well-proportion-id but heavy steeple,
restored in 1842 after having been struck by lightning,
and placed so awk^\a^dly as to look as if it would crush
the portico; and has an interior ta constructed as not
easily, or at all, to admit of any monument. Portraits
of George I. and Gibbs are in the vestrj-; and the re-
mains of the following persons were buried in the vaults,
either of the old church or of the pre-ent, — Nell Gwynne,
Secretary Coventry', Attorney-General Sir John Davies,
the Hon. Piobert Boyle, the miniature painter Hilliard,
the painter Paul Vansomer, the painter and musician N.
Laaiere, the painter Dubson, the Grc-:k scholar Stanley,
Lord Mohun, the dramatist Farquhir, .Tack Sheppard,
the sculptor Roubiliac, "Athenian" Stu:irt, and the
great surgeon John Hunter; but the remains of Huuter
were removed hence, in 1850, to Westminster-abbey.
Bishop Z. Pcarce was vicar. St. ilichjel's church stands
in Burleigh-street, was built by Sava,,--:-, and has an altar-
piece in T. Jliller's silica colours on .srucco. St. Martin's
northern schools were budt in lS40-oO, after designs by
J. Wild; are 100 feet long; and havo an open colonnade
at top, and a play-ground. Arclilii-.li"p Tenison's gram-
mar school was founded in 1GS5; ha-, in connexion with
it, a large .subscription library and a newsroom; and has
an endowed income of £113. Newman's schools have
£273 from endowment; and IIcmuiing's-Row schools have
£172. The Charing-Cross hospital dat'/s from 1831 ; was
built, after designs by I'urton, in 1S41; and, at the
census of ISGl, had 102 inmates. Tne Ophthalmia hos-
pital, in Chandos-street, was founded in 1816, by Sir W.
Waller; and, at the census of ISiU, had IS inmates. St.
George's ban-acks are within the parish; and, at the
census of ISGl, had 345 inmates.
The district is conterminate with t;ie parish, and is
divided into the sub-districts of Ch:iring-Cross and Long-
Acre. The Charing-Cross sub-district comprises the
wards of Suffolk-street, Charing-Cross, Speer-allej, Ex-
rhange, and Strand, and the pa; t of the Verge of the
I'alaces. Acres, 263. Pop. in 1351, 12,557; in 1S61,
11,071. Houses, 1,248. The Lou--Acre sub-distiict
comprises the rest of the parish. Acres, 42. Pop. iu
1851, 12,053; in 1861, 11,618. Houses, 992. Poor
rates of the district Li 1863, £25,226. .Afarriages, in
1863, 412; births, 612, —of which 33 were illegitimate;
deaths, 601,— of which 199 were at ages under 5 years,
and 12 at ages above 85. Slarriages in the tea yeai-s
1S51-60, 5,042; births, 6,500; death.s, 6,055. The
places of worship, in 1851, were 8 of the Church of Eng-
land, with 4,881 sittings; 1 of the Church of Scotland,
with 1,450 s. ; 1 of United Presbyterians, with 600 s. ; 2
of Independents, with 1,466 .s. ; i of Quaker.,, with 400
s. ; 1 of Lutherans, with 300 s. ; and 1 of Roman Catho-
lics, with 550 s. The schools were 9 public day-school.s,
^\ith 2,043 scholars; 22 private duy-schools, with 541 s. ;
5 Sunday schools, with 1,304 s. ; and 2 evening schools
for adults, with 104 s. The workhouse is in Charing-
Cross sub-district; and, at the census of 1861, had Sol
inmates.
MARTIN (Sr.)-LE- GRAND. See Lo.ndox and
York.
MARTIXSCROFT, a township conjoint with Wool-
ston, in Warrington parish, Lancashire; 2 miles ENE of
Warrington. See 'Woolstox.
MARTINSLEY, a hundred in Rutland; bounded, on
the N and the W, by Alstoe and Oakham -.soke, — on the
S and the E, by Wraugdike and Hast; and containing
ten parishes, and part of another. Acres, 14,216. Pop.
in 1851, 4,25?; in 1861, 4,431. Houses, 87L
MARTIXSLOW, ahamlet in Crindon parish, Stafford;
7J miles ESE of Leek.
MARTI NSTHORPE, a parish in Oakham district,
Rutland; IJ mile NW of Manton r. station, and 3 S bv
E of Oakham. Post-town, Oakham. Acres, 533. Real
property, £980. Pop., 6. House, 1. The propcrf .-
belongs to W. De Capel Brooks, Esq. The living is a
sinecure rectory in the diocese of Peterborough. Value,
not reported. Patron, the Duke of Devonshire. TLl-
church is in rains.
MARTINSTOWN, a village in the S of Dorset: ^
miles \\ SW of Dorchester. It has a po.st-ulBco nude;
Dorchester, and a fair ou 22 and 23 Nov.
JIARTIN-TOP, a hamlet in Rinunington toivnship,
Gisburn parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 13 miles S of Settle.
MARTLESHAM, a parish, with a village, in Wood-
bridge district, Suffolk; ou the river Deben, l.J milj
SW of Woodbridge r. station. Post-town, Wood-
bridge. Acres, 2,709; of which 150 are water. Real
property, £3,089. Pop., 465. Houses, 104. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. The manor Vielongs to F.
G. Doughty, Esq. Beacon-Hill House is the seat of J.
Newson, Esq. The living is a rectory iu the diocese of
Norwich. Value, £428.* Patron, F. G. Doughty,
Esq. The church is early perpendicular English; con-
sists of nave and chancel, \vith a tower; was recently le-
seated; and contains monuments of the Goodwins and tho
Doughtys.
MARTLETWY, a parish in Narberth district, Pem-
broke; ou the E side of Milford haven, 5 miles SW of
Narberth, and 6 SE by E of Haverfordwest r. station.
Post-town, Haverfordwest. Acres, 3,551; of which 200
are water. Real property, £3,857; of which .£1,470 are
in mines. Pop. in 1851, 829; in 1861, 703. Houses,
157. The decrease of pop. was cau.scd by reduction of
emplojTnent in collieries. The property is much sub-
divided. The living is a vicarage in the dioucse of St.
David's. A'alue, £100. Patron, the Hon. Capt. Greville.
The church is good.
iilAR'TLEY, a village, a parish, a sub-district, and n
district in Worcestershire. The village stauds on ,i
pretty spot, near the river Teme, 2 miles from ti;.;
boundary with Herefordshire, and 7.1 NAV by AV of AVor-
cester r. station ; is a polling-place ; and h.as a post-ofKce
under AVorcestor. The parish cout.iins al.so the hamlet
of HiUhamptoii, and comprises .5,124 aeics. Real pro-
perty, £7,60;;. Pop., 1,298. Houses, 271. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. The manor belongs to
the Earl of Dudlev. Ilorshara House is the seat of N.
J. Siuith, Es(i.; the Noak, of J. Nash, E.sq.; and Hill
Top, gT R. A. iloule, Esq. Hops and fruit arc extcu-
SIARTOCK.
201
MAKTON.
tiively growTi. Tlio living is a rectory in tlic diocese of
\\'orcester. Valu>>, £1,100.* Piition, the Kcv. II. J.
llas!iri''s. The chuivh is Xoinuiii; consists ot nave anil
chancel, with a towor ; an^l wu-; recently repaired. There
an- two eJulowiil national schools, with £CiO and £15 a-
veiir, and charities .t'lo. — The sub-district excludes Hill-
iiauiiitoii hamlet, but includes the parishes of Stockton,
.Stanford-on-Teme, SheUley-Walsh, f^helsley-Ueaurhainp,
and ClLfton-upon-Tcme, and the chapelrv of Tenwix.
Acre.'', 13,335. Pop., 3,1-28. Houses, 652.— The <lis-
trict comprehends also the sub-district of Great Witley,
containing the p.irishcs of Great Witlej', Abberley, Are-
](\--Kiugs, Astley, and Shrawley, the chapelry of Little
AVitley, and the hamlet of llillhauiptou; the sub-district
of Holt, containing the Holt-proper part of Holt parish,
the parishes of Grimley, H;illow, CotheiiJgo, Broadj.vas,
snd Wicheuford, and the extra-i'arochial tract of Kens-
wick ; and the sub-district of Leigh, containing the par-
ishes of Lei'.;h, Knightwick, Suckley, and Doddenham.
Acres, 53,71S. Poor-rates in 1363", £7,840. Pop. in
1851, 13,811; iu 1861, 15,0?S. Houses, 3,1(36. Mar-
riages in 1S63, 91; births, 470,— of which 39 were ille-
gitimate; deaths, 243,— of which 73 were at ages under
5 years, and 17 at ages above 85. Jlarriagcs iu the ten
years 1851-60,- 826; births, 4,049; deaths, 2,581. The
places of worship, in 185i, were 29 of the Church of
England, with 6,399 sittings; 2 of Independents, with
250 s.; 3 of Wesleyan Methodists, with 155 s. ; 1 of the
Wesleyan Association, with 30 s. ; and 3 of Lady Hunt-
ingdon's Connexion, with 230 s. The schools were 19
pulilic day schools, with 1,183 scholars; S private day
schools, witli 178 s. ; and 21 Sunday schools, with 1,284
s. The workhouse is at ilartley; and, at the census of
1S61, had 117 inmates.
ilARTOCK, a village, a parish, a hundred, and a sub-
district, in Yeovil district, Somovset. The village stands
near the river Parret and on the Fosse way, adjacent to
thL- Durston and Yeovil branch cf the Bristol and Exeltr
railway, 6J miles NW by ^V of Y'eonl; was once a nmr-
ket town; and has a station with telegraph on the luil-
w-av, a head post-otficet, two good inus, a markcL-cross,
a church, two dissenting chapels, a national school, a.
granimar school founded in 1661, and chariti-s £20.
The market-cross consists of base and steps of old date,
and a surmounting fluted column of newer date, bearing
a sun-dial, a gilt ball, auil a vaue. The church is later
English, of fine character; comprises nave, aisles, tran-
septs, and chancel, with a tower; has a roof of open
wood-work; and was recently rest-n-cd. Pinnacled arch-
ways, of the year 1627, gave entrance to the churchyard.
TliJe mano^-hou•^e, an edifice of the 14tK century, now
divided into se[iarate tenements, but still in good pre-
servation, adjoins the churehyard ; and the liall of it
has an open timber roof, and some richly carved cor-
bels. The dissenting chapels are f-r Independents and
Baptists. A fair is held on 21 Aug. The parish con-
tains also the chapelry of Long-Lo.id, and the hamlets of
Ash, Bower-Hiuton-with-Hurst, Coat, .Milton, Staplcton,
and ^Vitcombe. Acres, 7,3o2. Pieal property, £20,383.
I'op., 3,155. Houses, 619. The -property is much sub-
divided. The nnuor belongs to J. Gooddcn, Esq. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Bath and Wells.
Value, £450. » Patron, the Treasurer of Wells Cathedral.
The vicarages of Ash and Long Load are separate bene-
fices.— The hundred is contei-minatc with the paii.sh. —
Tlie .sub-district contains also three other parishes. Acres,
11,915. Pop., 5,979. Hoaxes, 1,210.
.1I.\.RT0^. a township, with a scattered village, in
Whit, gate parish, Cheshire; 4.'i mih-s SW by S of North-
wich. Acres, 2,684. Peal propr^rt}-, £3,104. Pop.,
()".9. IhuHcs, 123. The manor was given by KamUe
Blundiville to Handle de ilerton; v.ent in 1305, in ex-
(■!;aiige for other proi)eity, to Vale L'oya! abbey; passed,
ut the dissolution, to the .Maiuuaiiugs"; was sold in 1090
to tlie Fleet wootls; p.used afterwards, by sale, to the
Cliolmonileleys; an.l belongs i;o'w to Lord Ik-lamcre.
Jlarton Hall, rounected witii the manor, was a very an-
lii i!t moated building, with a doimstic clmiiel uttaihod
L'i It; was takou down iu ISli; amlii still represcuted
by its moat, enclosing about an acre of ground. Abbots-
Aloss is the seat of the Hon. T. G. Cholmondeley; Cas-
sia Lodge, of W. Turner, Esq. ; and Dale-Fords, of Capt.
White.
MAlVrOX, a village aud a township chapelry in
Prestbury parish, Cheshire. The village stands 3,|, miles
W by N of North Bode Junction r. station, and 3.' N by
W of Congleton; and has a post-office under Congletou.
The chapelry conifrises 1,947 acres. Real property,
£3,947. Pop., 2&'l Hou^e.s, 49. The pro]<erty be-
longs to A. H. Davenport, Esq. JLaitou Hall waa for-
merly the seat of the D.ivenpovt family; aud is a half-
timbered building, now used as a farm-house. The liv-
ing is a p. curacy in tr.e diocese of Chester. Value, £66.
Patron, A. H. Davenport, Esq. The church was built
about 13-43; consi-ts of nave and chancel, with short
wooden spire; and is a curious half-timbered stnieture. .
There is a national school.
MAPiTON, a parish and a sub-distiict, in Gainsborough
district, Lincoln. The parish lies on the river Trent at
the boundary With Notts, on the Eoman road from Lin-
coln past Littleboro-.igh, and -on the Littleborough and
Gainsborough railway, 5 miles S by E of Gainsborough;
aud has a station oa the railway, and a post-office under
Gainsborough. Acres, 1,310. Peal property, £2,685.
Pop. ill 1851, 544; in 1861, 487. Houses, 117. The
manor belongs to Col. Amcotts. The Trent here is
navigable; and the village of Marton, or 51arton-Port,
stands close to it. The living is a vicarage iu the diocese
of Lincoln. \'alue, £115.* Patron, the Bishop of Lin-
coln. There are chapels for Wesle\ans and Primitive
Methodists, a national school, and charities £10.- — The
sub-district contains also si.x other parishes. Acres,
14,047. Pop., 2,091. Houses, 464.
MAllTON, a chapelry iji Chirbury parish, Salop; ad-
jacent to the boundary with Wales, 3 miles E of Offa's
dyke, i\ ENE of Fcvden r. station, and 6 NE of Mont-
gomery. Post-town, Chirbary, Salop. Pop., 328.
Houses, .72. The chapeb-y was ccnstitutetl in 1859.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Hereford.
Value, £45.* Patron, the Vicar of Chirbury.
JlAPiTON, a township in Midille parish, Salop ; 54
miles SW of Weni. Pop., 143.
^L\1;T0N, a village and a parish in Rugby district,
Warwick. The village stands at the continence of the
rivers Itchin and Lcam, | of a mile S of the Fosse way,
1 mile N of tiie Leamington and Rugby railway, and 6
ENK of Leamington: and h.as a station on the railway,
and a post-office uuler Rugby. The parish comprises
910 acres. Real property, £2."525. Pop. iu 1851, 373;
in 1S61, 410. Hou-r.s, 87. The property is uuich sub-
divided. The manor belongs to Sir T. Bildulph, Bart.
The li\-ing is a vica~age in the diocese of Worcester.
Value, £175. Patron, the Rev. B. B. Hulbert. The
church is ancient, bur out of repair; and consists of navo
aud chancel, with a tower. There are a national school,
aud charities £14.
5I.VRT0N, a township, conjoint with Scwerby, in
Bridlington parish, E. R. Yorkshire; near the coast and
the Danes' dyke, 2 miles NE of Bridlington, ilarton
Hall is 3 chief residence, and commands a view of Flam-
borough Head aud ll.-:: neighbouring coast.
M.ViiTON, a township in Swine parish, E. R. Yoi'k-
shin; 6 miles N of Ilvdon. Acres, 950. Real property,
£1,181. Pop., 117. Houses, 20. The property be-
lougs to Sir T. A. C. Constable. There are iron and
brass foundries, an agricultural implement manui'actury,
a corn-mill, aud a R'>inan Catholic chapel. An ancient
chapel of ease stood at Kirkgarth, but went to rum.
M.\RTUN, a village and a ]iarish in Stokesley dis-
trict, N. R. Yorkshire. The village stamls 1 mile W of
Ormsby r. station, aud 4 S by E of Jliddlesborough;
and has a i>ost-office under Middlesborough. The jansh
contains also the ha-.iilets of Xewham, Langlamls, and
Tolesby; and comjirises 3,375 acres. Real property,
£5,782. Pop. in 1S51, 426; in 1861, 587. Houses,
116. The increase of pop. arose from thei-einova! liitUer
of families fiuui .M;M!c=borough, and from the cruttion
of a number of new i.vuses. Tlie property is subJividei-
MARTOX
292
GARWOOD.
The manor belongs to H. W. F. Bolckow, Esq. ilarton
Hiill is a chief residence; occupies a commanding site;
and succeeded a previous old edifice, which Vvaa burnt iu
1S32. A spot called Cook's Garth was the site of the
birth-place of the circumnavigator Cook, a two-roomed
mud cabin, destroyed by a Major Rudd; and on a height
in the neighbouring township of Easby, stands a monu-
ment to Cook, an obelisk 51 feet high, erected in 1827.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of York. Value,
£300.* Patron, the Archbishop of York. The church
was originally cruciform and Xorman; underwent restor-
ation in ISi'i; has lost its S transept; and contains
chancel stalls, an early English water-drain, and a Cal-
vary cross of the 12th century. There are a Wesleyan
chapel, a national school, a parochial library, and char-
ities £18.
MARTON, a township in Sinnington parish, N. R.
Yorkshire; on the river Rye, 4 J miles Why S of Picker-
ing. Acres, 640. Pop., 243. Houses, 56. The manor
belongs to the Rev. G. Wright. The township is a meet
for the Sinnington. hounds. A schoolroom is used fort-
nightly as a chapel of ease; and there are chapels for
"Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists.
MARTON, a to^vnship-chapel^y in Poultoi-le-Fylde
parish, Lancashire; on the coast, from 1 mile to 5 miles
SE of Blackpool r. station. It consists of the hamlets
of Great Marton and Little Marton; and its post-town
is Blackpool, nnder Preston. Acres, 5,452; of which
805 are water. Real property of Great il. , £4, 400. Pop. ,
1,258. Houses, 251. Real property of Little M., £3,612.
Pop., 433. Houses, 68. The manor belongs to Col. J.
T. Clifton. Tlie living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
Slanchoster. Value, £125. * Patron, the Vicar of Poul-
ton. The church was built iu 1804; was enlarged, «nd
had a tower added, about 1863; and is a plain brick
structure. There are an endowed school with £100 a-year,
and some small charities.
MARTON, or M.\etons-Both, a parish in Skipton
district, "W. R. Yorkshire; 2 miles "\VXW of Elslack r.
station, and 0} AVSW of Skipton. It contains the vil-
lages of East iMartou and "West Jlarton, about a mUe
asunder, each with a post-office under Skipton; and con-
tains also the hamlet of Jlartoii-Scai-s. Acres, 2,793.
Real property, £4,537. Pop. in 1351, 341; in 1861,
256. Houses, 62. The manor, with Gladstone House,
belongs to the Rev. D. K. RouudeU. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of York. Value, £200.* Patron,
the Rev. D. R. Roundell. The church is old but good; and
consists of nave, aisle, and chancel, \rith porch and tower.
There is an endowed school with £25 a-vear.
.MARTOX-BROOK, a rivulet in Derbyshire; rising
near Indake chapel; and running about 9 niUcs south-
eastward, past Muggington and KeiUeston, to the Der-
went at Derbv.
MARTOX-CUM-GRAFTOX, a parish iu Great Ouse-
burn district, AV. R. Yorkshire; 3 miles 3 by E of Aid-
borough, and Sj S.SE of Boroughbridge r. station. Post-
town, Ouseburn, under Y<u-k. Acres, 1,198. Real pro-
perty, £3,796. Pop., 454. Houses, 105. The property
is subdivided. Wood Hills, on the border of Grafton,
command an extensive and beautiful view. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of Ripon. Value, £200.*
Patron, St. John's College, Cambridge. The church is
a small old stntcture, with a belfry; and was reported
in 1859 as needing to be rebuilt. There are a Wesleyan
chapel, a handsome national .school, and charities £8.
MARTON (E VST). Sec Maiito.x, or ILvrtons-Botit.
MARTOX (C.::e.\t). See Martox, Lancashire.
MARTOX-HILL. See IIillmaiiton.
MARTOX-IX-THE-FOREST, a parish in Easingwold
district, X. R. Yorkshire; on the river Foss, and with-
in the old forest of Galtrec, 4,^ miles WXW of Flaxton
r. station, and 5 ESE of Easingwold. It contains the
hamlet of !Moxby; and its post-town is Easingwold.
Acres, 2,370. Real property, £0,396. Pop., 163.
Houses, 29. The manor belongs to the Archbishop of
York. An Augustinian priory was founded at JIarton,
in the time of King Stephen, by Bertram of Bulmer; and
a. nunnery was founded at Moxby by Heiirj' II. The
living is a vicarage, annexed to the vicarage of Far-
lington, iu the diocese of York. Tlie church is ancient.
MAKTOX-I,E-MOOR, a township-chapelry in Top-
clifl'e parish, N. R. Yorkshire; 3 miles NNW of Borough-
bridge r. station. Post-town, Boroughbridge, under
York. Acres, 1,614. Real property, £2,740. I'op.,
205. Houses, 48. llie property belongs to Earl de
Grey. The living is a p. curacy in the diocfrse of York.
Value, £S3. Patron, the Vicar of Topcliflo. The
church is good; and there is a national school.
MARTOX (Little). See Martox, Lancashire.
MARTOX (Long), a town.ship and- a parish in East
Ward district, Westmoreland. The township lies on
Trout beck, an affluent of the river Eden, li mile ESE
of Kirkby-'Thore r. station, and 34 XW by X of Appleliy;
and contains the village of Brampton-Croft's End. The
parish includes also the townships of Brampton and
ivnock; and its post-town is Kirkby-Thore, under
Penrith. Acres, 3,200. Real property of Long Mar-
ton and Knock townships, £3,402; of which £18 are in
mines. Rated propert.v of the entire parish, £5,182.
Pop., 762. Houses, 154. The propertj* is much
subdivided. The manor belongs to the Earl of Lons-
dale and Sir Richard Tufton, Bart. Part of the land
is Moor. A vein of iron ore was discovered near
Brampton in 1864. The mining of lead oro is car-
ried on by a London company. The living is a rec-
tory in the diocese of Carlisle. A'alue, £480.*
Patron, Sir R. Tufton, Bart. The cliurch is ancient
but good, with a tower, and has a handsome me-
morial window in the E end. There are a Wesley-
an chapel, a good parochial school with a small endow-
ment, and charities £8.
MARTOX (Xev.), a township in Ellesinere parish,
Salop; 45- miles W of Ellesmere. Pop., 106.
JIARTOX (Old), a township in Whittington parish,
Salop; near the river Peny and the Ellesinere canal, o
miles XE of Oswestn-. Pop., 23.
MARTOXS-BOTH. See Mautok or JfAKTOXS-BoTir.
MARTOX -SCARS. See Mauton-, or Mahtox.s-
BOTH.
MARTOX'^ (West). See Marton, or Mautoss-Both.
MARTYR-AVORTHY, a parish in Winche.ster district,
Hants; near the Southwestern railw-aj-, 3 miles XE by X
of Winchester. It contains the tything of Chilland; and
its post-town is Winchester. Acres, 1,974. Real pro
perty, £2,977. Pop., 259. Houses, 45. The property
is subdivided. The manor belongs to G. E. Wall, Esq.
The linng is a rectory in the diocese of Winchester.
Value, £343.* Patron, the Bishop of Winchester. Tho
church has good Xorman doorways, and a wooden tower;
and is in good condition. The churchyard contains a
rich coped tomb. There is an endowed school with £7
a-vear.
"3IARVEL. See JLA.nwELL.
JIARVEL-STOXES, a remarkable limestone rock in
the NW of Derby: under Black Edge, 3 miles X of Diix-
ton. It measures 180 feet iu length, SO feet in width,
and 3 feet in height; and is weathered into small channels
and cavities.
JI.VRWELL, or ^iIahvel, a hamlet iu Carisbrooke
parish, Isle of Wight; on the Medina river, 1\ mile S of
Xevvport. A college of secular priests was founded here
by Henrv de Blois, bishop of Winchester.
2itARWELL HALL, the seat of \V. Long, Esq., in
Owslebury parish, Hants; 3^ miles SSE of Winchester.
The house is modern; but it succeeded a previous one,
which claims to have been thesceiie of the "lost bride;"
and it contains a chest in which the unhappy lady is
alleged to have hid herself. An ancient v>\^idence of the
bishops of Winchester stood at Marwell !Manor Farm;
and is now represented b}' some I'laiii doorways of the
14th and loth centuries, and by a moat.
JLVRAVOOI), a village and a p.irish in Barnstaple
district, Devon. The village stands Z\ miles XXW of
Barnstaple r. station; was known, at Domesday, as
Mercwood ; and has a post-office under Barnsta]ile. Tho
parish contains also the hamlets of Jliddlc Manvood,
Jilakcwell, Faiieigh, Guiiicaford, Kings-Heanton, Mill-
MARWOOn.
293
JIAIiYLEBONE.
town, llmlfonl, ami Prixforil. Acres, 5,306. Teal pro-
perty, £5,S?;!. Pop., 1,009. Houses, 209. The pro-
perty i? sulxliviJeil. The livin>; is a rectory in the dio-
ceae of Exeter. Value, ii335.* Patron, St. John's
College, Canibri'lge. T!ie church stamls in a tolerably
central position; has a good chancel of the 13th century,
and a Sue tower of later date; and contains a beautiful
font, some car\'od open seats, and a handsome screen of
the time of Henry VIII. There are chapels for Inde-
pendents and Methodists, au endowed schortl with £14
a-year, and charities £18.
MAIIWOOD, a township in Gaiuford parish, Durham;
on the river Tees, at the boundar}" with Yorkshire, 3.^
miles ^f^TW of Barnard-Castle. Acres, 3,671. Keel
property, £2,931; of which £20 are in ijuarrie.s, and £20
in gas-works. Pop. , 241. Houses, 37. Vestiges of an
anciout (own of llarwood, once a place of considerable
importance, are ou au eminence adjoining Barnard-
Ca-stle. Remains exist of an old chapel.
JIARWOOD-GOADBV. See GoADnT-i[.\r.-.rooD.
JIAR"SVOOD (Middle). See M.-^r.wooi), Devon.
MARY-ANSLEIGH. See Mariexsleigh.
MARY-BOUKNE. See Bouune-St. Mauy.
ilARYCHUKCII. See Martchuucii (St.).
MARY-CRAY. See Ck.o- (St. Mary).
MARYLEBOXE, a parish, a district, and a borough, in
Middlesex. The parish fonus a compact portion of the
metropolis; lies on the Regents canal, the Northwestern
railway, and the Jletropolitan railway, 3 miles NW by
"\V of St. Pauls; is bounded, on the N, by Primrose-hill
and Queens-road,— on the E, by Cleveland-street and part
of Regents-park,— on tlie S, by Oxfor>l-streot, — on the W,
by Edgware-road; includes the subiubs of St. John's
AVood and Poitland-To^\-n; and has several stations on
the railwa}-.^ and numerous post-ofhces t and postal pillar-
boxes under Louclon AY and London NW. The ancient
nucleus of it was a village called variously Eycburn,
Aeybourn, and Tyburn, names denoting an insular posi-
tion on a rivulet, and alluding to a small stream which
once supplied water through reservoirs to London city,
and now flows undergrtiund into the Thames near Vaux-
hall-bridge. A church or chapel, dedicated to St. Mar\-,
stood at or near the village, and took the name of St.
itary-at-Aeybouru, or St. Jlaiy-a-le-bum; and that
name has become comipted into Jlarylebone, or popularly
ilarrybon. The tract around the village continued long
to lie open country, became eventually a haunt of foot-
pads, and was a hunting-place of Queen Elizabeth. The
manor belonged to tlie Hobsons; passed to the Crown in
the time of Henrj' VIII.; went, in that of James I., to
E. Foster; passed to the Austens, to Hollos Duke of
Newcastle, and to the Harleys; went, in 1734, to the
Duke of Portland; and reverted, in 1813, to the Crown.
Tiio extension nf the metropolis, from about the time of
Eli,cabeth, but especially since the middle of last ccn-
turj-, as narrated in the historical section of our article
Li;i.N"Dox, gradually transmuted the entire area from a
rural to an urban character. The parish, as a whole, is
now one of the mo^t splendid portions of the metropolis.
It contains Portman-S'iuare, Cavendish-square, Man-
chester -S(iuare, Bryanstone- square, Montague -square.
Park-square, Dorset-square, llarcwood-square, Bland-
ford-sqtiare, Cumberland-s'iuare, Park-crescent, York-
terra'-e, Sus.se x-terracc, Portland-flnce, Baker-street, the
\i;'per )'art of Regent-street, ami many other fine streets
and i>laci's; it enjoys the rich .amenities of Regents-
park; it underwent great improvements, by renovation
and mod-rnizi:!g of buiMiugs, throughout the portioi.s
of it on the Duke of Portland's and tlie Marquis of AVest-
ininster's estates, in 1564-7; and, though it includes
some inferior localities aii'l has sufleied disparagement
by comparison with newer ]iortioiis cf the metropolis
further to tlie W, it still maintaiirs a .successful rivalry
with even Keir-^itigton andTyburni.i. Tlie worst spot in
it is Crawford-plai.'C, a narrow eourt running from Craw-
ford-street to Homer-s'.reef, and so olfi-usive as to have
been specially rqiorted tw the .sanitary committee in the
latter part of I.S05; a luimber of other places also are so
inferior as to be inhabited only by tradespeople; yet all
these, taken together, do not prevent it from being ag-
gregately tine and fasliionable.
Portman-square wai; built chielly in 17C0-1800; has,
at its NW corner, a detached house in which Mrs. !iIon-
tague held her blue-stocking partl"s; and h;us, on its S
side, residences of Lord Leigh and tlte Earl of Cardigan.
Cavendish-square was built in 1730-60; contains an
equestrian statue cf the Duke of Cumberland, who
quenched the rebellion of 174.'>, s 't up in 1770; li.is, on
its W side, the residence of the Duke of Portland ; and
was to have had all its N side occupied bj' the entrance
to the mansion of the Did:e of Chandos. Park-crescent
h;rs a statue of the Duke of Kent. Regents park lies
mainly within the jvirish ; extenils from York-gate iu
the New-road to Primrose-hill; tomiuises 472 acres; is
nearly sun'otuided w:th very handsome edificed terraces;
was planned in 1812 by Nash, and progressively formed
and ornamented till the latter years of William IV. ;
took its name from the Prince Regent, afterwards George
IV.; was designed to have a residence of the Prince on
its NE side, and to communicate through Regent-street
with Carlton House ar^i St. James' Palace; is traversed
northward, on a line with Portland-jilace, by a broad
avenue with rows of trees; has ramifications of footpath
thence in all directions, with interspersionsof ornamental
plantations; contair.s the botanic gardens, the zoological
gardens, and the tox>;.p!iolite garden; has an inner circu-
lar di'ive around the l>otanic garden.s, commanding a view
of some of its finest jcatures, and au outer drive of about
2 niile.s, passing St. Dunstan's %-illa, built for the Mar-
quis of Hertford who died in 1S42, and containing in its
grounds the aatom.iton clock-strikers from St. Dun-
stan's church in Fleet-street; and is adorned with beau-
tiful isleted sheets of water, the chief of which was the
scene of au accidrnt in Jan. 1867, through sudden
breakijig of ice, irirolviug the immersion of several hun-
dreds of persons and the drowning of forty. The botanic
gardens comprise a circidar area of about 18 acres, toge-
ther with an extensive winter garden; and are the scene
of three public flower-shows in the summer mouths. The
zoological gardens occupy a laigc jiortiou of the N end
of the pnrk, and contain about 1,500 animals. The
Crown eatate within the parish comprises Rtgent-park,
the upper part of Portland-place, Paik-square, and Park-
crescent, Albany-.itreet, Osnaburgh-street, and the ad-
joining cross streets, York-square, Cumberland-square,
Kegcnt-park bi«in, Augustiis-street, E and W Park vil-
lages, and the outer road.
The Colosseum stands at the SE corner of Regent-park ;
was built in 1S34, after designs bj- D. I'nrton, and sold
in 1S43 for upwards of £20,000; was used for scientific
lectures and arti-tic entertainments; and was doomed
to demolition in I •■69. 'i"he public baths and wash-
houses were erected in 1849, after designs by Eales, at a
cost of £20,000; measute 160 feet by 230; contain 107
baths and 89 washing-stands; include a swimming-bath,
containing 40,000 gallons of Avater; and are self-sup-
ported. Portiuan market, in the Ne\v-road, v.as con-
structed for the s.ala of hay and other commodities; su-
Jierseded, in 1S30, a h.iy and straw mart in Piccadilly,
and is fitted with ornamental covered colonnades and
other conveniences. Intautrj- ban-acks are at Poitman-
strcet, and artillery banaeks at St. John's Wood ; and,
at the census of li-il, they had respectively 403 and 172
inmates. There :;re a county conrt-hou.so and several
police .stations. Tiie new theological college of the In-
dependents stairls at St. John's Wood; is a handsome
edifice, iu the lat.- i^erpendicular style, after designs by
Eminctt; and, i:; l364-.'i, hadan income of £4,176. The
Clergy orphan .'liLool also is at St. John's Wood; w;;s
removed thither, in LSI 2, from Acton; and has accom-
modation for 140 pupils. All Souls giamniar school is
in Bulstrode-str-.-t, and was founded in 1832. The phi-
lological school, !■>•: the free education of sons of reduced
persons, is in High-street; and was founded in 'I7t'2. 'J l:e
girls' charity p.-i.ool has capaeity for 135 piqijl.;, and was
founded in i7'0. The ragged s>-}i,)ols weie e'-talili.-,ln.'d
in Union-mews in 184.3; were rebuilt in Ogle-mews,
Foley-btreet, iu iS63; are a brick structure, with stoue
MARYLEBOXE.
29 1
MARYLEDONE.
dressings ; and have capacity for 300 cliiMren. Tliere
are also several national schools, a female orplian school
of industry, and a training refuge for destitute girls. The
Middlesex hospital is in Berners-strcet; was founded in
1745, with accommodation for only 13 in-patients; un-
derwent such great enlargement as to have accommoda-
tion for nearly 400; and, at the census of 1S61, had 320
inmates. The lying-in hospital was established in 1752
at Bays water; was removed to Jlarylebone in 1 SI 0; and,
at the census of ISGl, had 6S inmates. There are also a
ladies' invalid establishment, an orphanage asylum, a
cripples' home, a refuge calleil All Saints home, a female
protection society, alms-houses for 63 persons, a general
dispensary, and several other philanthropic institutions.
There are likewise a convent in lilandford-square, and a
house of mercy in Union-place; and these, at the cen-
sus of 1361, had respectively 29 and 61 inmates.
A bauqueting-housB of the loi-d mayor of London stood
on Conduit - mead, now Stalford - place. Marylebone
House stood on a spot now occupied by Devonshire-
mews; was, with its gardens, converted into a place of
public resort, and continued to be such till 177"; and
was taken down in 1791. An ancient house, called the
Eose of Normandy, stood close to Jlarylebone House.
Boswell, the biographer of Dr. Johnson, lived in Great
Portland-street; Sheridan wrote his "Rivals" in Orch-
ard-street; Gibbon wrote part of his " Decline and Fall
of the Roman Empire" in Bentinck-street; Gratton and
Sirs. Siddons died in Baker-street; Von Weber died in
Great Portland-street; Opie, Fuseli, and Sir W. Cham-
bers lived in Berners-street ; Lady M. "V\'. Jlontagiie,
Dr. Baillie, Romney the painter, and Shee the painter,
lived in Cavendish-square ; Constable and K. Wilson,
the painters, lived in Charlotte-street; Sir F. Bourgeois
lived in Portland-road; Lord G. Gordon and the miser
Elwes lived in Welbeck -street; and Burnett, the bota-
nist, was a native. Executions took place till 1733 at
Tyburn, at the end of Oxford-street ; Lord Ferrers and
Dr. Dodd were among the persons executed there; and
Thistlewood and his associates were taken in 1320 in
Cato-street, now Horace-street.
The parish comprises 1,509 acres. Real propertj- in
1S60, £1,197,M6. Pop. in 1851, 157.696; in 1S61,
161,630. Houses, 16,357. The ecclesiastical an-ange-
ment assigns to the parish church a pop. of only 29,098;
distributes the rest of the pop. among 15 other charges;
and includes 9 chapelries without any assigned pop.
The 15 charges with definite limits, and the amounts of
pop. severally within their limits are All Souls, Lang-
ham-place, 15,268; Christchurch, Stafford-street, 18,335;
Trinity, Portland-road, 13,951 ; St. Mary, Bryanstone-
square, 17,678; St. Thomas, Portman-square, 9,732;
St. Luke's, 10,000; St. Andrew's, 5,143; All Saints,
Margaret-street, 2,931 ; St. Barnabas, Bell-street, 3,664;
St. Cyprian's, 3,000; St. Paul's, Lisson-grove, 8,856;
St. Mark's, Hamilton-terrace, 4,750; All Saints, St.
John's Wood, 5,111; St. Stephen's, I'ortland-To«Ti,
9,621 ; and St. JlaWiew's, Jlaida-hill, 7,972. The 9 eha-
pjelries, without defined limits or assigned pop., are Par-
ish chapel, St. John's-Park-road, St. James', Portman-
chapel, Biiinswick-chupcl, Quebec-chape!, St. Peter's
under All Souls, St. Paul's under All Souls, and Christ-
chapel-St. John's AVood. Tiie livings of St. Mar}-le-
boue, All Souls, Christchurch, Trinity, and St. Mary-
Br3'anstone-.square are rcctorie.s, and nine of the others
are vicarages, in the diocese of London. Value of St.
Marylebone, £1,240; of All Souls, £350;of Chiistehurch,
.£550; of Trinity, £935; of St. Luke, St. Andrew, St.
Paul-Lisson-grove, and St. .Mattliew-Maida-hill, each
£300; of St. John's-Park-road, £200;* of Parish-chapel,
and St. Barnabas-Bell-.street, each £200; of St. Peter
under All Souls, £450; of St. Paul uad-r All .Souls,
£3.50; of All Saints-Margaret-street, £IoO;* of St. Cy-
prian's, £150; of St. Mark's-Hamilton-terrace, £600; of
All Saiiits-St. John's Wood, £100; of St. Stejihen's,
Portland-Town, £500; of tlio others, not reported. Pa-
tron of St. Marylebone, All Souls, Christchurch, Trinity,
St. Mary-Pryanstone-sqiiare, St. John's-Park-road, St.
James', St. Thonuio-Portman- square, St. Peter under
All Souls, St. Paul under All Souls, St. Barnabas, St.
Mark, and Brunswick -chapel, tlie Crown; of Parish-
chapel, the Rector of St. ilarylebone; of St. Luke, the
Rector of St. Mary-Bryanstone"-si-[u-ire ; of Portman cha-
pel, Proprietoi-s ; of St. Paul-Lissou-grovo, St. IMafthew-
ilaida-hill, Quebec-chapel, and Christ-chapel-St. John's
Wood, Trustees; of All Saiuts-Margaret-street and St.
Stephen's-Portland-Town, the Bishop of r,onlou; of St.
Andrew's, alternately the Crown and the Bishop; of All
Saints-St. John's Wood, Col. Eyre.
The old parish church stands in High-street; in now
the chapel of ease, called Parish chapel ; was built iu
1741, on the site of a previous edifice, which figures in
Hogarth's " Rake's Progress;" ami contain^ inomiments
to the architect Gibbs, the Italian scholar Baretti, and
other distinguished persons. The churchyard contains
the gi-aves of the astronomer Ferguson, the sculptor
Rysbrach, Charles Wesley, Hoyle, Abbadie, Cramer, the
painter A. Ramsey, the painter D. Serres, the painter
Stubbs, and one of the Dukes of Portland. The new
parish churcJi stands in New-road, directlj- opposite York-
gate, Regent's Park; was built in 1313-7, after designs
by Hardwicke, at a cost of £60,000; is iu the Grecian
style, with a noble Corinthian portico, surmounted by a
tower and cupola ; h..s West's picture of the Holy Fa-
mily over the communion table; and contains monuments
to the painters Co5\ray and Northeote. AH Souls'
church st;inils in Langliam-place, O.xford-street ; was
built in 1322-4, after designs by Nash, at a cost of
£16,000; has a circular portico, and an angular or " ex-
tinguisher " s[>irc; and contains AVestall's picture of
"Christ crowned with Thorns." Trinity church stands
in Portland-road; w.xs built in 1S25, after designs by
Soane, at a cost of £21,SoO; and is in the classical style,
on a variety of models. St. ^Mary's churcli, Biyaustonc-
square, was built in 1324, after designs by Smiike, at a
cost of £20,000; and has a tower 135 feet'high. Clirist
church, Stafford-streetj was built in 1325, after designs
by Hardwicke. St. -Vndrew's church was built i:i 1346
-7, after designs by Daukes; is in the pointed style, 73
feet long and 65 feet wide; and has a tower and spire 155
feet high. All Saints ehurch, ilurgaret- street, was
founded in 1S50 by Dr. Pusey, and linished in 1359; is
in the pointed style of the 12th centurv, after designs by
Butterdeld; cost £60,000, of whi -h £30,000 were con
tributod by Mr. Tritton, and £10,000 by Mr. Bercsfo-.l
Hope; stands partly concealed by two projecting hou^es;
consists chielly of variegated brick; is surmounted by a
tower and spiie 220 feet high; and abounds interiorly iu
very rich decorations. Some of the other ])laces of wor-
ship present features of inttrest. Tl'.e chapel of St. Ka-
therine's hospital, on the E side of Regents Park, con-
tains the tomb of the Du'rie of Exeter, who died in 1447,
and a woo<len pulpit gifted by Sir Julius Cae.iar. A
synagogue in Great Portland-street was built in 1S69-
70, at a ccat of about £24,000. The places of wor-
ship within the parish, in 1S51, were 20 of the Church of
England, with 22,532 sittings; 1 of English Presbyte-
rians, with 1,382 s. ; 1 of United Presbyterians, with
630 s. ; 6 of Indepen.lents, with 3,03 J s.;'5 of B.ipti.sts,
with 3,390 s. ; 1 of Unitarians, wirii 500 s. ; 4 of Wes-
leyau Methodists, with 2,772 s. ; 1 of Primitive Method-
ists, with 100 s. ; 2 of the Weslevan Association, with
198 s.; 1 of Calvinistic Methodists, with 206 s. ; 1 un-
defined, with 200 s. ; 1 of tiie Catholic and .Vpostolic
church, with 300 s. : 3 of Fiomau Catholics, with 2,260
s. ; 1 of the Greek church, v.-ith loO s. ; and 1 of Jews,
with 333 s. The soh:ols were 46 T'ublic day .schools,
with 11,054 scholars; 195 private day sch'jol.s, with 1,549
s. ; 32 Sunday schools, v.'ith 7,415 .s. ; and 7 evening
schools for adults, with 257 s.
The district, or poor-law union, is couterminate with
the pari.-h; ancl is divided into the sub-districts of AU
Souls, Caveudish-square, Rectory, St. Mary, Christ-
church, and St. John. All Souls sub-district is bound. -d.
on the N, by New-road; on the E. by the parochial
boundary-liv:e; on the S, b}' the ]>arochiil boundary-lino
along O.xford-strcot; on the W, by a line drxv.-n north-
ward from Regent-circus, Oxford-street, up Jvtjent-
[ARVI.EDOXE.
205 MAKVrOllT AND CAULISLE TAILWAY.
?*TveT, Lacghani-j'l.HCi", anil Portlnnd-plarc, and tlirough
thr garden o: I'arli-creseent, to New-ioaJ. Acres, 112.
Top. ia 1551, eS,841; iu 1S6I, 2!),95i;. Houses, 2,417.
t?if-.L ii-h-f ;'2are s:i''-ilistrict is bounded, on the X, by
Xeic-r-ad: ov. the E. by All Souls sub-district; on the
S, Vj :a^ prochial bound.iiy-liue alou;; O^Lford-strcft;
ca XL-i '^V, cr a liae drawn northward alon.cj the \V
brii.:}- '.f Marrlebone-lane, across the end of tlie S side
•if K.-l-^r.-'rit, along Thayer-strcct aud High-street, up
Nc'x-r ad .it tLe po'jit whore it is joined by Devonshirc-
t?r:-a^«. Acres, 113. Po).. in ISol, 14,GS7; in IStJl,
li>, ■-•<'. Ho'iies, l,"'i4. llectory sub-district is bounded,
CI! tLe N, bv part of Xew-road; on the E, by (^aveuJish-
scii-resnb-iiirrirt; on the S, by the parochial boundnry-
liie aioDLT Oxford-street ; on the W, by a line drawn
z.zrtinrzri frjm the end of Portnian-street along the AV
s:>?; of Po.-tnaii-.'-.-^u.are. and along Gloucester-street and
Gkucester-fdace, to Xew-rcvad. Acres, 116. Pop. in
li5I, 2:,':53; ir. ISdl, 26,692. Houses, 2,143. The
di'ireasi o: pop. arose almost wholly from the demolition
,: C£L=;el S-aiIdiE_'-s, Orchard-street, on the site of which
^r. Thr-iiis' chuT'.h no-.v stands. St. IVIary sub-ilistrict
is V.'tinde'i, on the E, by Rectory sub-district; on the S,
'..T tie parochial l-oirn lary-line along Oxford-street to its
iti: ':a the W, by the parochial boundary-line cou-
ririuri a!;3g Edgware-road to the point where it is joined
to "'iV:2:hsstrr-ro-.v: on the NW and the IS!", by a line
liraTrn. iljug 'NVincbe^ter-row, Houier-place, Middlesex-
j!a:e, Lisson-grove .South, Charlotte-row, and New-road,
to tie eni of Gloncester-place. Acres, lOS. Pop. in
1551, 22,";l-t; in 1?61, 22,4i>3. Houses, 2,272. Christ-
r-hujcji sti'>-diitrict is bounded, on the S, by All Souls,
Carvniisli -square, Rector}-, and St. i^lary sub-districts;
o2 the Vi', by the parochial boundary-line along Edg-
v.-are-rvjai to the end of Porrman-place ; on the K W and
ti-e X, by a line dI■a^vn fr-Mn Ed^ware-road up iS'ew
CLzrci-strert elong -Ui)ha-r..iad to tlie point where it is
£tr::;i at right angles by Park-road, then along Park-
r-ytd ir.d_ Pnmrcse-hill-road to the jioint where the par-
(chiii b;':;r!d2ry intersects the Zoological gardens; on the
7., by the liarochidlboundarj-'line through Kegent's-park,
£ :r:.-M St. Andrew's-p'ace, on to Trinity church. Acres,
C'li. p.. p. in 1551, .33,8!:i5; in 18S1, 34,913. Houses,
S.'y.'^: .St. John sub district is bounded on the S and
tht: SE, I'j Christ Church sub-district; on the W, hy the
jaLTCvaial b>5andary-liue along Edgware-road; ou the N
L-:i the XE, by the parochial boandarj^-line continued
\ist Kill '.im-pric-iy, crossing Abbey-road and New North-
r;^ C'D the borders of Hampstead to Barrow-hill cast-
•i-ard ur> to the point of intersecting Primrose-hill-roa<l
(.]>.-e to the Zoological gardens. Acres, 542. Pop. in
155;. 2r-',5->3; in 1561, 32,540. Houses, 4,161. Poor-
n:-s of :!;e distnct, in ISoS, f 98,603. Marriages in
;5ov, •_',002; births, 5,157,— of which 470 were ille-
.urirliuittr: deaths, 4,043, — vi which 1,692 were at ages
:li;ier 5 vejrs, an.I 52 at ages above 85. Marriages in
-L; :et years 1S51 -60, 18,394; births, 48,917; deaths,
C7.5'37. " The workhouse is in Rectory sub-district; and,
„; tie CcLiUi ot 1S61, had 1,600 inmates.
The b-jfj-'-gh comprises the parishes of Maiylebone, St.
?-:',ris. :.nd Pidlington; includes, as within these par-
isr.ii, S:- John's "Wood, Portlanil-Town, P.aysuater, West-
i'juni':-Gr:re, S Jinfrs-Tcrn, Camdeu-Town, Kentish-
Tc-Jn, ii;d j'.'irt "f Highga;e; was constituted a borough
'^ythea'V: cf 15:J-'; is not a municipal borougli, but par-
j;:.^ientary c-uiy: and seniLs two menrbers to parliament.
Acrt-s, 5,47'.''. Amount of property and income tax
charged ir. ISO?., i:3';5,412. Electors" in 1833, 8,901; in
156?, 23,5-S. Pop. in 1551, 370,957; in 1861, 436,252.
Hoss<5, 47,?9'..
ilARYLEDONE, a place IJ mile from AVigan, in Lau-
c-aihire; witli a post-otlice under Wigan.
JLlRYPOiiT, a .sea]>ort-town, a cli![ielry, and a sub-
.■i=r:rict, in Cock>.rr.iouth di.slrict, Cumb''rland. The town
.>-:.ir.Js at the iuilurc of the river Kllen to the Irisli sea,
u.ii at the juncticn of x\'.-. Maryjmi-t and Carlisle railway
with the mi-wcv southward to Whitehaven and Lan-
cishire, 5 .-niles NXE r,{ "".Viirkiiigton, and 28 SW by AV
r.; Clilisle- It t.jok il:> name IVoui Ijciug the landing-
phice of Jlary Queen of Sects, ou hi^r flight from Scot-
laud; but it long Iiore the naiiie of Ellen-foot; ard, till
about 1750, it was a mere .small hshiiig vil'^ge. It is
now a well-built town, with spacious streets, somewhat
irregularly aligned; and it occupies a plea^arit site on
botli sides of the river, partly along the snore, ami p.artly
ou an eminence. It was a sub-port of Vhitehaven till
1S3S; but it tlieii became a hcail-port; and it has sub-
sequently prospered and improved. It has a head |iost-
othce,ta railway-station with telegraiih,2baukii)g-olliccs,
several inns, a market-house, a court-house, a custom-
house, a church, si.\ dissenting chapels, a Roman Catho-
lic cha]ie], an atlipn;eiim, national S('hools, and British
schools; is governed by seventeen trustees under an act
of 1866; enjoys an ex-cellent sup]>ly of water, from works,
formed in 1868; and is a scat of petty sessions. The
church was built in 1T60; was restored and enlarged in
1835; and is a stone structure, with a tower. The (tis-
senting chapels are English Presbyterian, United Pres-
bj-terian. Baptist, Quaker, AVesleyan, and Primitive Me-
thodist. A public cemetery is about a mile to the N.
Th.e athenreum was built in 1857, at a cost of ;£2,50C;
and includes a largo public room, a mechanics' institu-
tion, a reading-room, and a soup-kitcheii. ' A dwelling-
house, called au observatory, was built in 1858, on an emi-
nence 140 ft. above seadevel. Markets are hidd on Tuesday
and Friday; and fairs on Whit-Friday and on the Fri-
day after 11 Nov. Ship-building is carried on in several
}-ards, and with aid of two patent slips; the manufacture
of sail-cloth, linen checks, cotton-fabrics, cables, and an-
chors, is considerable ; and there are iron and brass foun-
dries, steam sa,w-n;ills, tanneries, flour-mills, and a
brewery. The adjaeent beaches are favourable for sea-
bathing, and draw some summer visitors. A large
coasting commerce is c;irried on, particidarly iu coal:
and a good import trade exists in tiniber and flax, from
America and the Baltic. The vessels belonging to the
port, at the beginning of 1864, were 10 small sailing-
vessels, of aggregately 200 tons; 119 large sailing-vessels,
of aggregately 23, 80 4' tons ; and four small steam-vessels,
of aggregately 99 tons. The vessels which -entered in-
1863 were 12 British sailing vessels, of aggregately 3,316
tons, from British colonies; 4 British sailing-vessels, of
aggregately 460 tons, from foreign countries; 3 foreign
sailing-vessels, of aggrogateh' 333 tons, from foreign
countries; and 371 sailing-vessels, of aggve.gatelj' 30,201
tons, coastwise. The vessels which cleared in 1863 were
25 British sailing-vessels, of aggregately 6,370 tons, to
British colonies; 7 British sailing-vessels, of aggregately
944 tons, to forci.gn coiuitries ; 5 foreign sailing-vessels,
of aggregately 585 t'jns, to foreign countries; and 3,066
saUing-vesseLs, of aggregately 265,086 tons, coastwise.
The amount of customs in 1867, was ,t:3,840. Tlie har-
bour enjoys easy access; has au average depth of 18 feet
at springs, and 12 feet at neaps; iucludes a capacious
dock and good piers and quays; and shows ou the S
pier, a fixed light 51 feet high, visible at the distance of
12 miles. Herring fishing is carried on; and extensive
coal mines, and limestone and red freestone quarries, are in
the neighbourhood. The seats of Nether Hall and Eweu-
rigg Hall, ami the Roman station of EUenborough, are
in the vicinity. Pop. of the town, in 1851, 5,693; in
1861, 6,037. Houses, 1,353. — The chapelry is in Cro.ss-
Canonby parish; and comprises 482 acres of land, and
424 of water. Real jiroporty, £39,637; of which £37
are in quarries, .£26,470 iu railwavs, and £374 in g\x3-
worlw. Poj). in 1551, 5,716; in 1861, 6,150. Houses,
1,356. The manor belongs to J. P. Scuhouse, Esq. The
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Carlisle. Value,
£150.* Patron, J. P. Senhouse, Esq.— The sub-district
contains also the rest of Cross-Canon by parish, four other
parishes, and parts of three others. Acre's, 20,329. Pop.,
13,707. Hou.ses, 2,8 JO.
MARYPORT AND CARLISLE RAILWAY, a rail-
way in Cumberland; from a junction with the line finm
Lancashire, Whit.'hiven, ami "Workington, at Mary-
port, 23 miles nortli-easlward, to the general railway sta-
tion at Carlisle. It was authorized, as a single line, in
1837; and was mi'le doubb', and otherwise •'iiproved.
MARY (St.).
296
MARYHILL (St.).
under an act of 185,5. The company obtained power in
1S62, to construct branches, 7.^ miles long, to Bolton
and Wigton ; and, in 1865, to construct a Derwent
branch of 6 miles, and to enlarge the Bull Gill station.
MARY (St.), a rock at the entrance of Douglas har-
bour. Isle of Man. The steamer St. George was \neclced
on it in 18-30.
MARY (St.), an island and a parish in the Scilly
Islands, Cornwall. The island is the chief one of the
Scilly islands; measures about 2i miles in length, about
IJ mile in breadth, and about 1,600 acres in area; and
contains the village of Hugh To^vn, which is noticed in
its own alphabetical place, and has a post-office,t of the
name of Scilly, under Penzance. Pop. in 1851, 1,668;
in 1861, 1,532. Houses, 282. The surface rises, in
some parts, into considerable elevations; and is, in gen-
•eral, rocky and barren; but includes fertile vales and
hoflows. The rocks are granitic, and contain a large
aggregate of valuable minerals. Buzza Hill commands
a very fine view, and has a barrow. Peninnis Head is a
splendid group of rocks, and adjoins a large rock basin,
called the Kettle and Pans. Monk's Cowl is a granitic
mass 100 feet high, over a natural amphitheatre. The
Pulpit Rock exhibits disintegrated granite in horizontal
joints, and has "a sounding board" 47 feet long and 12
feet broad. The Tower is an abrupt rock on a high base,
rises 140 feet above sea-level, and was used as a station
in the trigonometrical survey. Blue Carn, at the S ex-
tremity of the island, is a broken and intricate tabular
mass of rocks, indented with basins. Giant's Castle is
a carn, and was anciently used as a cliff fortalice. A
logan stone, computed to be 45 tons in weight, and several
barrows, are near Blue Cam. Porth Hellick bay was the
place in which Sir Cloudesley Shovel's bodj' came ashore
after the wreck of three men of war in 1707, and the
scene of a very remarkable escape from shipwreck in
1840. SaUakee Hill, to the S of this bay, has two an-
cient crosses, now placed in a stone fence. Inisidgen
Point, at the NE extremity of the island, shows inter-
esting rock features, and is crowned b}' a stone-covered
barrow. The telegraph is near Inisidgen Point ; rises
to a height of 204 feet above sea-level; and com-
mands a panoramic view. The beach of Permellin bay
consists cniefly of very fine quartzose sand, once in
much request for sprinkling on manuscripts; and a hill
above that bay has remains of a fortification, called
Harry's "Walls, begun in the time of Heury VIII., but
never completed. Other feat\ires are noticed in the
article Hugh-Town. — The parish comprises all the
Scilly Islands, and will be noticed in the article Scilly.
The living is a p. curacy, united with the chapelries of
St. Martin, St. Agnes, and Trescoe and Bryher, in the
diocese of Exeter. Value, not reported. Patron, Aug.
Smith, Esq. There are chapels for Baptists and Wes-
leyans, an endowed school, and a pilots' fund charity. A
telegraph-cable to Lands-End was laid in Sep. 1869.
MARY (St.), a parish in Jersey, 5 miles N\V of St.
Helier. It has a post-office under St. Helier, Jersey.
Acres, 1,602. Pop., 1,040. Houses, 163. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of Winchester. Value, £120.*
Patron, the Governor.
^lARY (St.;, a parish in Romney-Marsh district,
Kent; on the coast, 2 miles N of New Romney, and 5^ E
by S of Appledore r. station. Post-town, New Romney,
under Folkestone. Acres, 2,051. Real property, £5,150.
Pop., 175. Houses, 38. The living is a rectory in the
dio. of Canterbury. Value, £309.* Patron, the Arch-
bishop. The church is good.
MARY (St.), a station on the Holme and P^amsey
railway, Hunts; 2} miles WNW of Ramsey.
MARY (St.), in Beds and other counties. See Bed-
FOnu, P>EVERLEY, BRECON", BrIDGNOP.TH, BRISTOL,
Burv-St. Edmuxd."!, Ca-mbkidge, C.^xterbury, Car-
diff, Cardig.^k, Chester, Colchester, Devizes,
Dover, Durham, Exeter, Gloucester, Guildford,
Hastings, Haverford\vest, Hull, Huntingdon,
Ipswich, Launceston, Leicester, Lichfield, I-iIN-
coLV, London, Maldon, Newington, Norwich, Not-
tingham, Oxford, Pe.mcrokf, Reading, S.vndwich,
Shrew.sburt, Stafford, Stamford, SoUTHAMnoN,
Tenby, Wallinoford, Warwick, 'West.minster, Win-
chester, York, ka.
ilARY-BISHOPHILL (St.). See York
MARY-BOURNE (St.). See Bourxe-St. JIary.
MAI!Y-BULVERHITnE(ST.). See H.^.stings.
MARYCHURCH (St.), a village and a parish in
Newton-Abbot district, Devon. "The village overlooks
Babbicombe bay, l.J mile E by N of Tone r. st.ation, and
UN by E of Torquay; is a large place, built chiefly of
marble rook, and containing many genteel house?; and
marine villas ; resembles Torquay in the style of its
buildings, and may be regarded' as suburban to that
towTi; attracts summer visitors for sea-bathing and for
yachting; and has a post-office t under Ton^uay, several
good inns, a coast-guard station, and bathing-machines.
Tlie parish contains also the hamlets of Babbicombe,
Barton, Comb-Pafford, EdginsweU, Shiphay-Collaton,
and Watcombe. Acres, 2,5S9. Real property, £14,182;
of which £120 are in quarries. Pop. in 1S51, 2,293; in
1861, 3,231. Houses, 618. The increase of pop. arose
from improvements by land-proprietors, and from ad-
vantages for the erection of houses. The property is
much subdivided. Tlie manor of St. Jlarychurch be-
longs to R. S. Carey, Esq. ; and that of Comb-Paflford,
to Sir I-awrence Palk. The surface, particularly along
the coast, abounds in features of interest. Three chief
objects are noticed in the articles Babbicombe, Axstis
Cove, and Kexts Hole. Famous marble quarries, with
remarkable formation of limestone rock, and with pro-
fusion of beautiful fossils, are at Petit Tor. A broken
piece of ground, encircled by fantastic red clifTs, at Wat-
combe, marks the results of a romantic landslip. The
living is a vicarage, united with the vicarage of Coffins-
well, in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £270. * Patrons,
the Dean and Chapter of Exeter. Thecliurch stands cu
high ground; serves as a landmark to mariners; is partly
an old building with a tower; and recently wa.s, in
great measure, rebuilt, at a cost of abov.t X6,000. A
chapel of ease, called the Free church, stantls at Fur-
rough-Cross. The vicarage of Babbicombe is a separate
benefice. There are chapels for Baptists and Wesleyans,
national schools, and charities £5.
MARYCHURCH (St.), a parish in Bridgend district,
Glamorgan; near the river Ddaw, 2 miles S by E of Cow-
bridge r. station. Post-town, Cowbridge. Acres, 727.
Real property, £746. Pop., 119, Houses, 30. The
property is all in one estate. Remains exist of a castle,
built in the 11th century, by Robert St Quintin. The
parish is a meet for the Cowbridge harriers. The living
is a rectory, annexed to the rectory of IJandough, iu
the diocese of Llandaff. The church is good.
MARY-COLLEGE (St.). See Winchester.
MARY CRAY (St.). See Ceat (St. JIary).
MARY-EXTRA (St.), or Weston, a parish and a sub-
district in South Stoneham district, Hants. The parish
lies on the river Itchin and on the Southwestern rail-
way, adjacent to Southampton; and contains the places
called Weston, Woolston, Itchnor, and Newtown. Post-
town, Southampton. Acres, 2,980; of which 940 are
water. Real property, £31,526. Pop. in 1851, 1,446;
in 1861, 2,468. Houses, 463. The increase of pop.
arose from the employment afforded to artizans and
others in Southampton. The living is a p. curacy in
the diocese of AVinchcster. Value, £170.* Patron,
Mrs. W. L. Davies. The church is called Jesus chapel;
and there are churches also in Weston, Woolston, and
Newtown. — The sub-district contains also three other
parishes. Acres, 9,895. Pop., 5,675. Houses, 1,065.
MARY-HILL (St.), a parish in Bridgend district,
Glamorgan ; on the river Ogmore, near the South Wales
r.iilway, Sj miles E of Bridgend. It contains the ham-
let of Rythin; and its post-town is Cowbridge. Acres,
1,404. "Real propert}-, £93.3. Pop., 2:VJ. Houses, 48.
The propertj- is all in one estate. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Llandafif. Value, £90. Patron,
Sir T. D. Aubrey, Bart. The church is good; and thcrj
are charities £4. A cattle fair is held on 26 Aug.
MARY-KOO (St). See Hoc or Hoo-St. JIary
MaRYSTOAV.
297
UrASKALL'S-VOU.ND.
.MAUY-IX-THi:-CA5TLE (St.). Soe Hastings.
MARY-IN'-THE-MAilSH (St.). See Nouwioir.
MAnY-KAI.i:NDAU(Sr.). See Winch kstkr.
MaUYLEBONE (St.). Soe M.vkyledone.
MARY-LE-IiOW ^St.). Sve Drr.ii.vM ami London.
MaKY-LK moke {St.). See Wau.inofokd.
>-LMiY-LE-ronT St.). See Bristoi,.
>UF;Y].£-'\VIGFOnD (St.). Ste Lincoln.
MARY-MAO DALEN (Sr.). See Bwdcnoktii, Can-
rEr.2r.^.T, CVilchcster, 1 Listings, Launceston, Lin-
coln. l.i-SDOs, O.^For.u, kc.
MAICY-NORTHGA'IE (St.). See Canterdury.
31A'.Y'-0N-THEHILL (St.). See Chester.
MARY-KEDCLiFF (.St.). See Bristol.
MARY-STLPS fST.). See Exeter.
>LVRY-5T0KE ^Sr.). See Ip^^^vIcu.
ifARY'STOAV, or Srow-Sr. >L\ev, a village anil a
fariih in Ta-.-istCK.k district, Devon. The village stands
r,:3r :i.e river Lyd and near Cor)-t.->n r. station, 6^ miles
^'NVT of Tavistock; and is irregularly built. The par -
iih contdins also the hamlets of Chohvell and Dipperton,
zzi<l I'S.n of the village of Lew-Down, which has a post-
rface, of ti.? name of Lew-Down, North Devon. Acres,
•2,£95. Real projerty, £4,173. Pop. in 1851, 570; in
1 SGI, 4:5?. Houses, 90. The decrease of pop. was caused
l.r lesi^nrf Jemar,il for labour in manganese mines, by
3an.:tion of farms, and by introduction of agricultural
ElacLiiiery. The manor belongs to J. H. Treraayne, Esq.
^iyderidra House was erected in the early part of the
17:h ciRVJTy, by Sir Thomas ^Vise; was garrLioned for
Charles I., and taken in 1645 by Col. Holbourn; and be-
loccs now to J. H. Tremayne, Esq. Maiystow House
is the s^at of Sir ilrssey Lopes, Bart. The living is a
vicarage, nriited with the vicarage of Thmslielton, in
the di^Arese of Exeter. Value, £276.* Patron, J. H.
TreruCVDe, Esq. The church is ancient; consists of
nave, aisle, chancel, and side chapel ; and contains two
ttone stalls, an old stone font, a beautiful carved screen,
and several monuments to the AVises and other fami-
lies. There are a national school, and charities £219.
MAKYTAVY, or Tavt-St. Mary, a village and a
p.ariih in Tavistock district, Devon. The village stands
on the river Taw;-, near the Tavistock and Launcestou
railway, on the AT side of Dartmoor, amid romantic en-
viroii-S, 4 miles NXE cf '1 avistock ; and has a station on
the railway, and a post-oSice under Tavistock. The
|.arish. contains also the villages of Horndon, Lane-
H'r'ad, iTid Black-Down. Acres, 4,180. Real property,
£3,i?4: of which £1,161 are in mines. Pop. in 1851,
3,267; in 1S61, 1,202. Houses, 231. The decrease of
pop. was caused by discontinuance of work in several
rr.iDes. The manor and most of the land belong to John
BuUer, Esq. About 2,000 acres are open moor land.
Two mines, a copper one, called the Wheal Friendship,
and a tic one, callc-d the Wheal Betsy, are in the moors.
A remarkable chasm, called Tavy-Cleavc, 4 miles long,
aad overl.:ir;g by the heights of Dartmoor, is above the
village. Marytavy Rock is a curious insulated crag,
covered with lichens and ivy. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £224.* Patron, John
Bull'fr, Esq. The church is old; and consists of nave,
aisk-s, and chancel, with a tower. There are chapels for
AN tsleyans and Bible Christians, and a national school
MA.'iCROL'GH, a quondam hamlet and a chapelry in
Rotherham parish, AV. R. Yorkshire. The quondaui
hamlet is cow a subr..'-b of Rotherham, separated only by
the river Don ; stanls on the AV side of that river, and on
the Xcrth illdland railw.iy at the junction of the branch to
Shctiiirld; has a sLitioa with telegraph at the railway
junction; and communicates with Rotherham by an an-
cioiit bridge of five pointed arches. It li.as risen rapidly
froi.T tbe condition of a harnlot to that of a town; and it
pp.-se.-:t.5 a street apj.earance of similar ohar.acter to that
cf Rctherham. St. John's church was built in 1864; is
in the early deconited English styli-; was left ofl' with
towe.' and spire un!ini.'^hed; and contains SCO sittings,
all free. Th-; Indt{iendent theological college stands on
n gentle eminence, aniiil a plot of garden and pasture;
waq focmded in 1756, and opened in 1795; has tv>o
fronts, toward respectively the SAV and the KE; con-
tains apartments for 21 students; is in connexion with
the University of Lonilon ; and has an income of about
£530. A chapel is connected with tlic college, and
was built in 1815. A Baptist chapel stood formerly on
JIasbrough Conjmou; and was rebuilt in Rotherham in
1S36, at a cost of £1,100. The Roman Catholic chapel
was built in 1843. A monuiiicnt is in the parish church
of Rotherham to 50 young j.crsous, who weic drowned
on occasion of a launch at Jlasbrough in 1841. E.vten-
sive iron- works in Masbrough were founded in 1746, by
AValker of Clifton; produced vast quantities of ordnance
during the French war; and have turned out a number
of notable iron bridges, including the Soutlnvark one at
London. Extensive steel-works were erected in 1842, at
a cost of £20,000. There are also large foundries, manu-
factories of stove-grates, glass-works, cliemical-work.s,
and other industrial establishments. A colliery likewise
is adjacent. Ebenczer Elliott, the corn-law rhymer, was
a native. — The chapelry was constituted in 1865. Pop.,
6,588. The living is a vicirage in the diocese of Y'ork.
A'alue, £200.* Patron, the Archbishop of York.
MASCALLS-POUND. See ;\Iaskalls-Pound.
MASHAM, a village, a towushi]), and a sub-district,
in Bedale district, and a parish partly also in Leyburn
district, N. R. Yorkshire. The village stands on the
river Ure, near the line of the Hawes and Melmerby rail-
way which was authorized in 1865, and 6 miles S\V by
W of Bedale town and r. station; is a ivell-built and
picturesque place, amid beautiful environs; has a post-
office t under Bedale, and three good inns; and g.ave the
title of baron to the family of Scroop, one of whom, the
friend and councillor of Heniy A'., was executed for trea-
son in 1415, and has been immortalized bj' Shakespeare.
A weekly market is held on AVeduesday; a fortnightly
market for cattle and sheep is lield, during the spring
mouths, on Monday; a fair for live-stock is held on 17
and 18 Sept.; and there are malt-houses, breweries, and
flax and woollen mills. — The township comprises 8,756
acres. Real property, £4,300. Pop. in 1851, 1,139; in
1861,1,079. House's, 278. The manor belonged to the
Scroops, passed to the Danbys, and belongs now to
Admiral Harcourt. The sub-district contains also the
Masham to\vnships of llton-cum-Pott andSwinton-M'ith-
AVartheiTiiask, the Thoruton-AYatlass township of Thoru-
ton-AVatlass, and the entire parish of AA'ell. Acres,
20,378. Pop. in 1851, 2,821; in 1861, 2,650. Houses,
620. — The parish, in addition to its three townships in
the sub - district, contains the to^NTiships of Fearby,
Ellingstring, Ellingtons, Healey-with-Sutton, and Bur-
tou-upon-Ure; and is sometimes called Mashamshire.
Acres, 22,525. Real property, £17,606; of which £22
are in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 2,695; in 1861, 2,438.
Houses, 578. The property is subdivided. Fine salmon
and trout fishings are in the Ure; and some beautiful
walks are along the river's banks. The living is a vicar-
age, united with the vicarage of Kiikby-ilalzeard, in the
diocese of Ripon. A^alue, £440. * Patron, Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge. The church has a fine Normau W
doorway; is chiefly early English; has a lofly tower and
spire, figuring conspicuously in the landscape; and eon-
tains a brass of 1689, a monument to Sir ilarmaduke
AVyville, Bart, and several other monuments. The
churchyard contains a curious sculptured cylindrical
stone, which may have been the base of an ancient cross.
The vicarages of Dallo-Oill, Healey, Slickley, and
Middlesnioor, are separate benefices. There are chapels
for Baptists, AVeslej'ans, and Primitive Jlethodists, an
endowed grammar-school with £100 a-ycar, and a national
school.
MASHBURA', a parish in Chelmsford district, Essex;
51 miles NW of Chelmsford r. station. Po.'jt-towu,
Chelmsford. Acres, 815. Real propert}', .£1,024. Pop.,
120. Houses, 27. Jlashbury Hall and Mashbuiy Houso
arc farm-houses. The living is a rectoiy, nnucxi d to the
rectory of Chignall, in the diocese of Rochester. Tho
church is good.
AIASKALL'S-POUND, a hamlet in Brenchley parish,
JCent; 4J miles ESE of Tuubridgc.
2p
JIASOX.
29S
SrATFIRAFEL
MASOX, a toHTi;!!!!]) in Dinningtou parish, Northum-
berland; 6j miles NiN''W of Newcastle. Acres, 1,165.
Pop., 113. Houses, 20.
MASONGILL, a hamlet in Thornton -in -Lonsdale
township and parish, W. R. Yorkshire ; at the liead of
the river Gretn, 10 mUcs NW of Settle.
MASOXS-BItlDOE, a place in the S of Suffolk; on
the river Bret, 1 mile SSW of Hadleigli.
MASONS-BRIDGE, a place in the SE of Surrey; on
the river !Mole, 3^ miles SE of Reigate.
MASSINGilAM (Gke.\t), a village and a .parish in
Freebridge-Lynn district, Norfolk. The vLUage stands
near the Peddar way, 7 miles NE of East Winch i-.
station, and 12 E by N of LJ^m; was formerly a market
town; ami has a post-office under Brandon, and fairs on
Maunday-Thursday and 8 Nov. The parish comprises
4,112 acres. Real property, £5,191. Pop., 934. Houses,
191. The property is subdivided. One manor belongs
to the Marquis of Cholmondelcy, and another to the Earl
of Leicester. An Augustinian priory was founded here,
before 1260, by Nicholas le Syre; became a cell to the
priory of Westacre; and, at the dissolution, was given to
bir T. Gresham. About 1,000 acres are heath and sheep-
walk. Traces of ancient British dwellings e.^st. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Norwich. Value,
£900.* Patron, "the Marquis of Cholmondeley. The
church is later English; was repaired in 1S65; and con-
sists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a tower. There
are a Wesleyan chapel, a national school, and charities
£26.
MASSINGHAil (Little), a village and a parish in
Freebridge-Lynn distiict, Norfolk. The ^-illage stands
near the Peddar way, 74 miles NE by N of Narborongh r.
station, and 12 ENE of Lynn; and has a post-office
under Brandon. The parish comprises 2,278 acres.
Eeal property, £2,42.'>. Pop., 132. Houses, 29. The
manor and all the land belong to F. SI. Wilson, Esq.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Norwich. Value,
£577.* Patron, F. M. Wilson, Esq. The church is early
English and good; consists of nave, aisles, and chancel,
with porch and tower; and contains a monument of 1648
to Sir C. Mourdant.
MASSINGTON, a place 2 miles from Wantage, in
Berks; with a post-office under Wantage.
MASSON. See Matlock.
iilASTERS-CLOSE, an extra-parochial tract in Hex-
ham district, Northumberland; 9^ miles E of Hexham.
Pop., 3. House, 1.
MASWORTH. See M.A.ESwor.Tn.
MATCHING, a village and a parish in Epping district,
Essex. The village stands 3J miles E of Harlow r. sta-
tion, and 8 NE of Epping. The parish contains also the
hamlet of Ovesham; and has a post-office, of the name of
Matching-Green, under Harlow. Acres, 2,334. Real
property, £3,996. Pop., 665. Houses, 140. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. The parish is a meet for
the Essex hounds. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese of Rochester. Value, £160.* Patrons, the Trustees
of Felstead school, on the nomination of the Bishop of
Eochester. The church consists of nave, aisles, and
chancel, with embattled tower ; and was recently in dis-
repair. A chapel once stood in Ovesham. There is a
Church school.
MATFE.N', a village, two townships, and a chapelry,
in Stamfordham parish, Northumberlaai The village
stands 1 mile N of the Roman wall, 5| NE by N of Cor-
bridge r. station, and 7.i NE of Hexham; and h;is a post-
office under Newcastle-on-Tyne, and an inn. The town-
ships are East M. and West JL Acres, 2.067 and 1,905.
Pop., 147 and 34.5. Houses, 23 and 72. Tlie manor
belonged to the Fcltons; passed to the Lawsous, the
Fenwicks, and the Douglasses; went, by marriage, in the
last century, to the Biacketts; and, with MatVen Hall,
belongs now to Sir Edward Blackett, Bart. The Hall
w.is built in 1832-5; is a ver)' imposing ciliSce, in the
Gothic style; ha.s a grand entrance-hall, rising to
the entire lieight of the edifice, and surrounded b}' open
arcaded galleries ; contains some valuable pictures, and
-some curious reH':s; and stands in a vcrj- fine park. I
Fine ancient carved stone pillars are at the W lodge, and
were brought from Halton Castle. An ancient standing-
stone, probably Druidical, is on a green before a hcuse
called the Standing Stone Farm, Ki^tvaens were found
in a barrow near that house. Matfen Piers is a meet for
the Tindale hounds. — The chapelry is larger tlian the
two townships, and was constituted in 1816." Pop., 751.'
Houses, 150. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Durham. Value, £150.* Patron, Sir E. Blackett,
Bart. The church wm rebuilt in 1862; an'l is a hand
some edifice, with a lofty tower.
MATFIELD-GREEN, a hamlet in Brenchley parish,
Kent; 4J miles SE of Tuubridge. It contains a neat
Baptist chapel, and several genteel residences.
MATHAV'ARN, an ancient seat, now a farm-house, in
the S of Merioneth ; on the river Dyfi, 5i miles NE of
JIachyulleth. It was the residence of Davydd Llwyd,
the famous bard of the loth centiuy; and it gavelodrdnc;
for a night to the Earl of Richmond, afterwards Henry
VII., on his way from Milford to Bosworth.
MATHEBRWYD, a township in J.lanrwst parish,
Denbigh; near Llaurwst. Real property, £2,218. Pop,
360.
MATHERNE, a parish in Chepstow district, Iilon-
mouth; on the South Wales railway, on the Poolmerick
brook or Matherae pill, and adjacent to the river Wye at
the boundary with Gloucestershire, 2 miles SSW of
Chepstow r. station. Post-town, Chepstow. Acres,
3,231; of which 430 are water. Real property, £-3,592.
Pop., 450. Houses, 82. The name Matherne is sup-
posed to he a coiTuption of Merthyr-Tevi-dric, and to have
been derived from Theodoric, a king of Glamorgan in the
6th centur}', reputed to have become a liermit and a
martyr. The property is divided among a few. Monks
Court was aresidence of the Bishops of Llandaff till 1706;
has a quadrangular form, with architectural leatures of
the 15th century; and is now a farm-house. Poolmerick
brook, or M.itherne pill, rises near Newchurch; an. I
runs about 7 miles south-south-eastward to the Severn,
about a mile below Matherne church. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Llandafif Value, £352.* Pa-
trons, the Dean and Chapter of Llandaff. The church
is ancient but good ; has some early English arcades, and
a tov.'cr; and contains a tablet, to the martyr Theodoric.
There are an endowed school with £13 a-year, and char-
ities £13.
MATHFIELD. See M.A.YriELD, Stafford.
MATHON, a parish in the district of Ledbuiy and
county of Worcester; under the Malvern hills, adjacent
to Herefordshire, 3 miles W of Great Malvern r. station.
It contains part of the chapelry of West JIalvern, which
has a post-office under Malvern. Acres, 3,366. Real
property, £6,234. Pop. in 1851, 824; in 1861, 1,014.
Houses, 194. The increase of pop. was chiefly within
West Malvern chapelry; and the entire pop. in the
Mathon part of that chapelry in 1861 was 539. The
property in ]Mathon proper is divided among a few; and
that in West ilalvern chapelry is much subdivided.
The manor belongs to the Dean and Cliapter of West-
minster. Mathon Court is the se.it of Mrs. Vale; Jloor-
end House, of R. A. Swain, Esq.; Southend, of T.
I'.ennett, Esq.; and Netherly, of R, M'Bean, Esq. Tlia
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Worcester. Value,
£194.* Patrons, the D^.an and Chapter of We.stminster.
The church is variou.sly Norman, decorated English, and
later; undenvent some recent embellishment; comprises
nave and chancel, with a tower; and contains a fine old
carved pulpit, a new octagonal stone font, and monu-
ments of Several ancient families. Tliere is a nationiil
scliool.
SIATHRAFEL, a township and a hundred in :Mo;..t-
gomoiy. The township is in Llangyniew parisli ; lies
on the river Vynnvy, 3 luilos NE of I.lanfair; and i."?
sometinif-s called JIalth}Tafel. Real property, £884.
Tiie Roman station Medinlanuci is su])posed" to have
been here; and a castle of the Prince.^ of Powys, and of
the Vipont;, stood on what is thoiiglit to have been the'
Roman station. The castle was refortified by one of tha
Vipouts about the beginning of the 13th century; Ho-
MATHRY.
209
MATLOCK-BANK.
■n-lyu au Jorvvcrtb laM sie;;e to it iu 1212; ni:il iving
J'hn, cosiiag with a force frnrii England, compuUeil L!e-
v.-eh-a to rotire, .ir.J bunit tlie ciustlo to thu ground.
Ve/iig^s of a rampart and a deep fosse still ex.s:, and
eccl'jj^ a <iuadniu^nlar area of about 2 acres, i'liree
. sides ■n't're defended by the fosse ; the fourth side v,;js de-
fenJe-i by a steep eminence overhanging the Vyrnwy;
and tbe SF, angle, on that side, has a lofcy nif utul on
^vhicli may have stood au outwork, commaudiiig a full
vie>v cp and down the vale. — The hundred contui:i,s five
r.irijl;?i, and parts of two others. Acres, 62, 9 IS. Pop.
Ill 1;.=;!. 5,rS4; in 1S61, 5,677. Houses, 1,163.
iL\THRY, :i village and a parish in Haverfordwest
diitri'.-r, Pembroke. The village stands near the coast,
6 i-iilej S\V of Fishguard, and 12 NiS \V of Haverfordwest
r. station; suffered devastation by the Danes ; was once
a iiiarkel-to.."n ; and has a post-office under H;'.verford-
•Rfest, and a fair on 10 Oct. The parish contains also the
villages of Abercastle and Castlemorris. Acres, 0,992.
P.eal property, £4,903. Pop. in 1851, 1,052; in 1861,
976. HoiLse;;, 194. Mathry House is the seat cf the
Harrises. A re-ideuce of the Bishops of St. David's was
on Lo2ghouse farm; and a cromlech, with a capstone 16
feet long, and 4 supporting stones 5^ feet high, is on
tbit farm. A sraall harbour is at Abercastle. Slate is
qiiarrie-L The living is a vicarage in the diocese of St.
David's. Value, £316." Patron, the Bishop of St.
David's.
ilATLASK, a parish in Erpingham district, Norfolk;
i>l miies SE of Holt, and 14 NE of Elmham r. station.
Post-town, Hanworth, under Norwich. Acres, 472.
Eealpropert}-, £S70. Pop., 163. Houses, 40. The pro-
perty is di^■^ded among a few. Matlask Hall and most
of the land belong to Jlrs. Gunton. The living ir, a rec-
tory in the diccesa of Norwich. Value, £186. Patron,
the Duchy of Lancaster. The church is a plain building,
and hxi a round tower with octangular top.
ilATLEY, a township in Mottram parish, Cheshire;
1| nUe S by E of Staley bridge r. station, and 6.J NE of
Stockport. Act es, 700. Keal property, £1,762. Pop.,
231. Houses, 46. The manor belongs to the Earl of
Stamfird.
MATLOCK, a village, a parish, and a snb-di.strict, in
Bakewcll district, Derbyshire. The village sta'sds amid
romanti'j scenery, on the river Derweut, 4 a mile SE of
3Iat!ock-T!ridge r. station, and 15 N by VV of Derby;
exist e-i at the time of the Norman conquest ; formed then
part of the manor of Mestesford; was given to William do
r errers, Earl of Derby ; went to the Crown, on the re-
bellion of that nobleman's son; was given, by Edward I.,
to the Earl of Lancaster ; passed, in the time of Charles
L, to "Ditchfield and others;" was afterwards sold to
several persons; retained, till recently, an ancient cus-
toni akin to that of the rush-bearing which still exists
in some old tillages iu the N of England ; was formerly
a market-town; and stUl has fairs on 25 Feb., 2 April, 9
M?.v, and 25 Oct. The parish contains also the hamlets or
vilfagjs of Matlock-Bank, ilatlock-Bath, Slatlock-Bridge,
RiWr, Scarthin-Nick, and Starkholnies ; is traversed
iionhward by the Derby and Bu.xton railway; has a r. sta-
tion with telegraph at Matlock- Bath, another r. station at
Ma'.l.jck-Bridge, a head post-officej at Matlock-Bath, and
another post-otlicej at ilatlock-Bridge under Jfatlock-
Bath; abounds in highly picturesque scenery, particularly
iu the gorge and on the ilanks of ^latlock-Dale along the
Dcrwent; i.s frequently visited, in the summer months,
by eii;u:-sioi! trains; enjoys much celebrity, as a resort of
tourijts, and a retreat of invalids; possesses niinoral
springs of high note at Matlock-Bath, and eight hj'dro-
j.athi.; ostiibhshiiients at Matlock-Bank ; has a number
of e.^:cellcnt hotels, and many excellent lodging-houses;
carries on indii--.try in corn-mills, bloach-works, and a
paT.*r-uiill, and in the manufacture of cotton, candle-
wi'.k.^ hat-i, and spar-ornaments; and contains lead nuncs,
whi'.-h formerly wore worked to a great extent, but now
nry worked on a very diminished .scale. Acres, 3,900.
I;<.il property, £14,098; of which .to30 are in quarries,
£65 in r.dni'.s, and £74 in gas-wurks. Pop. in 1S51,
•4,010; iu ISO 1, ',252. House.H, 678. The property is
much subdivided. The manor belongs to W. V. Tliorn-
hill, Esq., niul others. AVilh-rslcy Castle was built by
Sir I'lichard ArkwTight, and is now tlie seat of F. Ark-
wright, Esq. Some of the many features of interest are
the Lovers' Walks, with winding paths through wood.s,
and with richly diversified views of Matlock-Dale; the
Heights of Abraham, about 650 feet high, ascended by a
zig-zag wooded walk, and commanding a splendid view
of the surrounding country; Masson Hill, nearly 800
feet high, also ascended by a zig-zag, and counnanding
viewa of portions of fivo counties; High Tor, nearly 400
feet high, rising sheer up from the Derweut, clothed with
shrubs and trees iu its lower part, but a naked mass of
rock for more than 150 feet of its upper part; High Tor
grotto, at the base of the High Tor clilf, and covered over
sides and roof with splendid agglomerations of crystallized
spar and other minerals; New Speedwell mine, at Upper
A\'ood, near what are called the I'omantic rocks, penetra-
ble about 430 feet by visitors, and exhibiting beautiful
assemblages of stalagmites, stalactites, and fluor spars j
the Devonshire cavern, discovered in 1824, about 200 feet
long and 40 feet wide, and roofed with niagnesian lime-
stone, dipping at an angle of 45 degrees; the Cumberland
cavern, about 300 feet long, 20 feet wide, and IS feet
high, and rich in pectens, coralloids, and entroohites;
and the PiUtland cavern, on the Heights of Abraham, a
place of great subterranean chambers, naturally groined
arches, and lofty dome-like roof, — abounding in brilliant
spars, zinc ores, and various fossils, — worked as a mine-
in the time of the Pvomans, the Saxons, and the Danes, —
and still retaining traces of Roman work. The surface,
on the whole, is popularly and justly regarded as the
paradise of the Peak, not surpassed iu brilliance by any
equal extent of landscape in Britain; and the rocks, in
their forms and characters and relations, are scientifically
and truly regarded as a gr-and record of geognostic
changes. Darwen says, —
" Proud Masson rises rude and bleak.
And with mis-shapen turrets creots the Peak,
Old Matlock gapes with marble jaws beneath.
And o'er scar'd Derwent bends her flinty teeth ;
Deep in wide cares below the daujerous soil,
Blue sulphurs flame, imprison'd waters boil.
Impetuous steams in spiral columns rise
Through rifted rocks, impatient for the skies;
Or o'er bright seas of bubbling lavas blow.
As heave aud toss the billowy tires below ;
Condensed on high, iu wandering rills they glide
From Masson's dome, aud burst his sparry side ;
Round his grey towers, and down his fringed walls.
From clilf to clilf the liquid treasure falls ;
In beds of stalactite, briglit ores among,
O'er corals, shells, and ciystals, -ninds along ;
Crusts the green mosses and the tangled wood.
And, sparkling, plunges to its native flood."
The living is a rectory iu the diocese of Liclifield. Value,
£340.* Patron, the Bishop of Lichfield. The church
stands on a high and thickly planted rock, near traces of
Druidical stones and an ancient camp; is later English,
pilain, tasteless, aud in bad condition, — excepting the
chancel, which was rebuilt in 1S59; and has a good pin-
nacled tower, and two memorial windows. The vicar-
age of Matlock-Bath is a separate benefice. There are
Independent chapels at JIatlock village, Matlock- 1 link,
and Matlock-Bath, Wesleyan chapels at Matlock- Bridge
and Scarthin-Nick, and Primitive Methodist chapels at
Matlock-Bank, Scarthin-Nick, and Starkholnies. There
are also a free school and a parochial school at Matlock,
and a national school at Matlock-Bath. — The sub-district
contains also another parish, and eight towiiships of four
other jiarishes. Acres, 14,895. Pop., 9,815. Houses,
2,094.
MATLOCK-BANK, a hamlet in Matlock parish,
Derbyshire; near Matlock-Bridge. It has one large hy-
dropathic establishment, three othei-s of considerable size,
and four smaller ones, all delightfully situated, and con-
taining excellent accomnuidition. It has also an Inde-
pendent chapel and a Primitive Methodist chapi-1; aiul
MATLOCK-BATH.
300
MAUGFIANS^St.).
Hie former was built iu 1866, is in the early English
style, luis a tower and spire, contains 540 sittings, and
cost about £2,100. Bridge House is the residence of J.
Cash, Esq. ; and Balmoral House, of ^h: A. Jlorrell.
MATLOCK-B.ATH, a village and a chapelry in Mat-
lock parish, Derbyshire. The vilhige stands on the river
Denvent, and on the Derby and Buxton railway, under
High Tor and the Heights of Abraham, amid highly ro-
mantic scenery, li mile S of Matlock village, and l-S^ N
by W of Derby; sprang into existence subsequent to
1698, in connexion with medicinal springs ; consists
partly of a street with hotels, and partly of cottages of
many forms rising tier upon tier above and around that
street; presents a beautiful, picturesque, and attractive
appearance; includes a fine terrace, laid out in 1820, and
commanding a view of the best features of Matlock-Dale;
contains three principal hotels, numerous lodging-houses,
some museums or museum-shops, and three petrifying
wells ; publishes a weekly newspaper ; and has a head
post-office,t a railway station with telegraph, a church,
an Independent chapel, and a national schooL The
church was built in 184-3, at a cost of £2,250; and is in
the decorated English style, cruciform, with handsome
tower and crocketted spu'e, 129 feet high. The Inde-
pendent chapel was budt in 1866, at a cost of £2,100;
and is in the early English style, with tower and spire.
A previous chapel was purchased by Lady Glenorchy, when
on a visit to Matlock-Cath, and given by her to the In-
dependents, and was originallj- a dwelling-house built
in 1777 by Sir Kichanl Arkwright for Mr. Need. The
mineral springs are three; were visited iu 1832 by the
Princess Victoria; are provided with baths; and have
ranch repute for dyspeptic and nephritic affections.
Their water is limpid and tiisteless; has a temperature of
68°, and a specific gravity of 1"003 ; and contains minute
quantities of lime, soda, and magnesia. — The chapelry
includes also the hamlet of tk:arthin-Nick, and was con-
stituted in 1844. Pop. in 1861, 1,258. Houses 266.
The living is a vicarage in the dio. of Lichfield. Value,
not reported.* Patrons, Trustees. A church built in
1869, and chapels for Wesleyans and Primitive Method-
ists, are at Scarthin-Nick.
MATLOCK-B RIDGE, a hamlet in Matlock parish,
Derbyshire; on the river Derwent, and on the Manches-
ter and Buxton railway, 4 a mile NW of Iilatlock village.
It has a station on the railway, a post-office under Mat-
lock-Bath, and a Wesleyaa chapel. A company wis
formed in 1866 to erect at it a hotel, a market-hall, and
as-sembly-room; and the market-hall was opened in 1868.
MATliAVERS, a hamlet in the W of Dorset; 3^ miles
ENE of Bridport.
MATSON, a parish in the district and county of Glou-
cester; near the Bristol and Gloucester raOway, 2^ miles
SE of Gloucester r. station. Acres, 4.10. Real property,
£1,014. Fop., 32. Houses, 8. The manor belonged
to the Bohuns and to W. Nottingham; was given, in the
time of Edward IV., to Gloucester abbey; went, at the
dissolution, to the Selwj-ns; and belongs now to Viscount
Sydney. Matson House was built in the time of Eliza-
beth; was occupied, during the civil war of Charles I.,
by his sons Charles and James; was visited by George
III. and his queen and court; belongs to Lord Sydney;
and is now the residence of C. Walker, Esq. The par-
ish includes Robinswood HUl and Winnycrofts. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Gloucester and Bris-
toL Value, £217. Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of
Gloucester. The church was rebuilt partly in 1730,
partly in 1852; is a plain brick structure, with alow
tower ; and contains a tablet to the Selwyns.
MATSONS, a hamlet in the W of Westmoreland; 7}
miles WNW of Kendal.
MATTERASS-GREEN, a hamlet in the S of Kent;
3^ miles N of Cranbrook.
MATTERDALE, a chapelry in Greystoke parish,
Cumberland; containing a wild mountain vale of its
own mime, 3 miles S by E of Troutbeck r. station, and
84 E of Keswick. Post-town, Penrith. Acres, 7,313.
Real property, £1,499. Pop., 420. Houses, 69. The
property is subdivided. The vale has interesting fea-
tures, is drained toward Ulleswater, and adjoins some
highly picturesque sceneiy, but is Hanked by tame and
ban-en moor and mountain. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Carlisle. Value, £ll5. Patron, the
Rector of Greystoke. The church is good; and there are
an endowed school witli £13 a-year, and charities £6.
MATTERSEY, a village and a parish in East Retford
district, Notts. The village stands on the river Idle, 2
miles E of Ranskill r. station, and 3^ SE of Bawtry;
was once a market-town; and has a post-otlice under
Bawtry. The parish contains also the hamlet of Thorpe,
or Mattersev-'l'horpe, 1 mile N\V of tli.2 vilhi^'e. Acres,
2,210. Real property, £3,828. Pop., 430? Houses,
107. The pi-operty is divided among a few. The manor
belonged anciently to the Maresays; was given, beforo
1192, to a GUbertiue prior}', then founded on it; passed
to the Nevilles, the Ilickmans, and others ; and belongs
now to the Duke of Portland. Kernains of the iiriury
stQl stand, about a mile from the vilbge. Blaco Hill,
about a mUe SE of the village, is 118 feet high. There
are sand pits. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Lincoln. Value, £260.* Patron, the Bishop of Ches-
ter. The church has an embattled tower; and contains
a curious carving, found in 1804, and supposed to have
belonged to the priory. There are a "VVesleyan chapel
and a slightlv endowed school.
iIATTHE"\V (St.). See Bethxal-Green, Brixtok,
Ipswich, etc.
3IATTINGLEY, a hamlet and a chapelry in Heck-
field parish, Hants. The hamlet .lies near'the South-
western raUway, 24 miles ^\' of Winchfield r. station,
and 3| N of Odiham; and has faii-s on 26 July and 4
Dec. Pop., 232. Houses, 57. — The chapelry includes
also the tything of Hazidy-Heath ; and its post-town is
Winchfield. Rated property, £2,402. I'op., 630.
Houses, 136. The j.roperty is divided among a few.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Winchester.
Value, £183. Patron, New College, O.tfMrd. Tlie church
is ancient but good. Charities, £6.
MATTISH.4.LL, a village, a parish, and a sub-di.s-
trict, in Mitford district, Norfolk. The village stands 3i
miles E of Yaxham r. station, and 4 J ESE of East Dere-
ham; and has a post-office under Dereham, and a fair on
the Tuesday before Holy Thursday. The parish com-
prises 2,280 acres. Real property, £6,220. Pop., 971.
Houses, 222. The property is much subdivided. The
chief landowners are W. B. Donne, Esq. and the Rev. J.
Sparke. The living is a vicarage, united with the rec-
tory of Pattesley, in the diocese of Norwich. A'alue,
£469.* Patron, Caius College, Cambridge. The church
is later English; consists of nave, aisles, and chancel,
with N and S porches, and with embattled tower ; and
was restored in 1858. There are chapels for Indepen-
dents and Primitive Jlethodists. — The sub-district con-
tains also nine other parishes. Acres, 16,664. Pop.,
4,340. Houses, 941.
MATTISHALL-BURGH, a parish in Mitford dis-
trict, Norfolk; 4 miles E by N of Yaxliam r. station,
and 5 E by S of East Dereham. Post-tow-ii, Mattishall,
under Dereham. Acres, 604. Real property, £1,328.
Pop., 191. Houses, 38. The property is much subdi-
vided. The living is a rectory, annexed to the rectory
of Hockering, in the diocese of Norwich. The church
is good.
JIATTISH ALL-HEATH. See Markshall, Norfolk.
MAUDLING, a hamlet in Westhampuett parish, Sus-
sex; 1 mile NE of Chichester.
MAUDS-BRIDGE, a railway station on the E border
of W. R. Yorkshire; on the Sheffield, Doncastcr, and
Headley railway, 2J miles E of Thome.
MAUGERSBURY, a hamlet in Stow-on-the-Wold
parish, Gloucester; ^ a mile S of Stuw-ou-the-AVold.
Acres, 1,754. Pop., 562. Houses, 116. The manor,
with Maugersbury House, belongs toJ.C. Chamberlayne,
Esq. The Stow workhouse is here; and, at the census
of 1861, had 77 inmates.
MAUGH A.VS (.St.), a parish in the district and county
of -Monmouth; near the river Jlonnow at the boundary
with Hereford, 4.i mUes NW of Monmouth r. station.
MAULDEN.
301
MAWOAN-IN-MENEAGE.
Pi>t-to-.Tn, MonTiiontli. Acres, 1,304. Keal j roperty,
£1,434. P.^p., 131. Houses, 45. The property is cU-
vided ainon^ a fcw. The living is a vicarage, anne.ved
to die vica.-.\;'e of Llaii^attock-Vibon-Avel, iu the dio-
cew of L'a-.d.ilf. The i;huich Ls good.
MAUGHOI.D. Pee Kirk-Maughold.
MAULDEX, a vil];i;,'e and a parish iu Anipthill dis-
trict, iJeU. The village stands 14 mile E by S of
Ampthill, 3 from the ArupthiU station on the Midland
railway, oreced in IS63, and 44 E by S of Ampthill
Ifonh'K-esteni r. station ; is a considerable place ; and
carries oa sorne manufacture in straw-plait and lace.
The parish comprises 2,574 acres; and its post-town is
ArcpthilL Real property, i' 4,513. Pop. iu 1851, 1,457;
in ISol, l.o'JS. House.s 3-23. The manor belonged once
to the iK>vZ Poafret, and belongs now to the Duke of
Bf-librd. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Ely.
Vaiae, £435.* Patron, the Man|uis of Ailesbiiry. The
church RiS rel.uiit, on an enlarged scale, in 1S59; is in
the decorated Enijlish style; retains the old tower, in
ve!l-Tvstore-i coa'iition; and comprises nave, aisles, and
ch.incel, with 5 porch. There are an Ijidependent chapel,
a nrioLal school, and charities £57.
MAULD5-MEABCRN, a township in Crosby-Ravens-
vrorth parish, Westmoreland; on the river Lyvcnnet, 3
miles i> of Appleby. Real property, £2,501. Maulds-
Jleabum Hall is a chief residence, and was once the seat
of the Viteriy-onts.
MAOIBURV. See Dokchf.ster, Dorset.
MA.UX (The^, a river of Notts; rising near Sutton-in-
Asof-eld ; anl ruuaing about 12 miles north-eastward,
past M?a:£feM and Edwinstowe, to a confluence with
Eiinworth ivater at Ollerston; but sometimes regarded
ts also the jc'iM stream from OUereton, 6.4 miles north-
nonh-ea.s:TapJ to the fonning of the Idle by confluence
witli the !M^ien and the Poulter in the vicinity of
EIk>ler.
^rAUXBY, p. township in Kirkby-Wiske parish, N. R.
Yorkshire; on the river Swale, 5 miles SW of Northal-
lerton. Aires, 1,500. Real property, £2,812. Pop.,
250. Houses, 55. JIaunbv Hall is a chief residence.
ilAUNSELL-GRANGE.'the seat of Sir F. W. Slade,
Bart., in Ncrth Petherton parish, Somerset; C^ miles
NNE of Taricton. It is an ancient mansion, within fine
groTicds.
MAURICE (St.). See "Wixchester and York.
JIAUTBY, a parish iu Flegg district, Norfolk; near
the river Eure, 5 miles N W of Yarmouth r. station. Post-
town, Yarmouth. Acres, 1,659. Real property, £3,228.
Pop., 65. Houses, 10. The property belongs to R. Fel-
lowes, Y^vi. There is a decoy of 9 acres. The living is
a riotory in the diocese of Norwich. Value, £600. Pa-
tron, li. Fellowes, Esq. The church is a thatched
building; has a tower, partly circular, partly octangu-
l:ir; and contains some old monuments to the Slautbys,
fonnerlv lords of the manor.
-MAVE.SYN-RID\VARE, a parish in Lichfield dis-
trict, SratTord; on the river Trent, the Grand Trunk
caa.il, and the Trent Valley railway, near Anuitage r.
station, 3v miles ESE of Rugeley. It contains the vil-
lages of Eiitlibury and Hill- Rid ware; and its post-town
is Kugeley. Acres, 2,475. Real property, £4,920. Pop.,
-i02. House-, 115. The manor belonged anciently to
the MaIvoL?in-, and belongs now to Lord Leigh. Jlave-
syn-Riuware Hail v. as the seat of the Chad wicks, ami
is now a fami-liousc. The living is a rectorj" in the dio-
cese of LichMeld. Value, £438.* Patrons, Messrs.
Chad'vi:k and I^i.e. The church is an ungainly modern
boildinr, with an oil tuwer; and an aisle adjoins it,
Lonr.iiiiing monuments of the ilalvoisins and tiic Chad-
wicks. Charities, £12.
JIAVIS-ENDEKI'.Y. See Exderdy (M.wis).
MAVr, or iL\WDr-.\cii (The), a river of ilerioneth.
It rises under C;irn-Twriig ; runs about 10 miles south-
ward to the \ioiuity of Doigelly; begins there to widen
slowly into estuaria! character; and goes thence abuut 9
miles, sonth-v,c»tward, to the sea at iiarmouth. It tr.i-
verses very fite .scenery; and it makes three picturesque
falls, — one of CO feet, iu Dohnelyullyu Park, — another
of GO feet, called the Mawddach fall,— the third of 150
feet, called Pistyll-y-Caiii.
MAWDESLEV, a township and a chapelry in Cros-
ton parish, Lancashire. Tlie township lies on a branch
of the river Douglas, 2 miles E by S of Rutford r. sta-
tion, and 6 "WSW of Chorley. Acres, 2,SS7. Real pro-
perty, £5,304. I'op., 912. Houses, 169. The manor
belongs to Sir Thomas Hesketh, Bart., and John R. Do
Trall'ord, Esq. Mawdesley Hall is an ancient mansion,
on a sandstone rock ; was formerly the seat of the
Mawdesley family; and is now the residence of P. Blundell,
Esq. — The chapelry is more extensive than the town-
ship, and was constituted in 1 843. Post-town, Oruis-
kirk. Pop., 1,189. Houses, 217. The living is a rec-
tory in the diocese of Manchester. Value, £105. »^ Pa-
tron, the Rector of Crostou. 'i'ho church was built in
1840; is in the early English style; and consists of nave
onh', with tower and small spire. There are chajiels for
AV'esleyans and Roman Catholics, a national school, a
free .school, and charities £4. The R. Catholic chajicl
was built in 1830; is a handsome edifice, with 500 sit-
tings; and has attached to it a large burying-ground.
MAWES(St.), a small town in St. Just-in-Roselanrl
parish, Cornwall; on St. Mawes harbour, an ofl'shoot of
Falmouth bay, opposite Pendennis Castle, 3 miles by-
water E of Falmouth town r. anil station. It may have
got its name from St. Mawe or Machutus, an early her-
mit of Wales, but much more probably got it, by cor-
ruption, from St. Mary. It belonged to Plympton abbey,
which was dedicated to St. ilary; and it went, at the
dissolution, to the Vyvyans, and passed, through vari-
ous hands, to the Duke of Buckingham. A castle was
erected at it in 1542, by Heniy VIII., to protect Fal-
mouth harbour against the French ; and this stands on
a solid rock, at an elevation of 117 feet above high-wa-
ter mark; was bombarded and cajitured, in 1646, by Sir
Thomas Fairfax; and was remounted, in 1855, with eight
65-poundcr guns, and four 96-pouudcrs. The town
stands along the shore, at the foot of a precipitous hill;
consists chiefly of one irregularly built street; is governed
by a portreeve, chosen annually at a court leet ; sent two
members to parliament from 1502, till dibfrauchised by
the reform act; and has a pcst-oflice* under Grampouud,
Cornwall, a coast-guard station, a chapel of ease, chapels
for Independents, Weslcyans, and Primitive Methodists,
ami a national school. A small wecklj- market is held
on Friday. The manufacture of cables and ropes for
small craft is carried on; and a pilchard fisher^' was for-
merly important, but has comj'letely declined. Pop.,
about 950.
MAWGAN-IN-JIENEAGE, a village and a pari.sh in
Helston district, Cornwall. The village stands on Hel-
ford river, under Goonhilly downs, 3^- mUes ESE of
Helston, and S J SSW of I'enrhyn r. station ; and has a
post-oflice, of the name of Mawgan, under Helston, Corn-
wall, a very ancient cross, and fairs on the Tuesday after
Lady-day, the second Tuesday of Aug., and the first
Tuesday of Dec. The parish, contains also part of the
seaport village of G week. Acres, 5,273. Real property,
£4,421. Pop. in 1851, 1,010; in 1861, 895. Houses,
183. The decrease of poji. was caused partly by the in-
troduction of agricultural machinery, and partlj- by
migration to parishes where mining operations aio car-
ried on. The property is divided among a few. The
manor and mucli of the land belong to Sir Richard R.
Vyvyan, Bart. Trelowarreu is Sir Richard's seat; stands
aliout a mile S of the village ; was built early in the 17th
century; is a castellated structure, with a chapel at-
tached; and contains pictures by Vandyke and Kueller.
A spot on the banks cf the l^oe Pool was formerly oc-
cupied by the seat of the Carnunows, uho claimed de-
scent from King Arthur. An ancient circular camp of
about 14 acre.-i, is at Gear, 4 n mile N of Trelowarreu;
commands the river; and is in a liuevitli two smaller
camps. The downs in the neiglibourhood command a
fine view over the circuiiijacent country. L'rns, coins,
and other relics h.ive been found iri barrows. The living
is a rectory, united with the rectoiy of St. Martin-in
Jlcneage, in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £910.* P.i
MAWGAN-IX-PYDER (St.).
302
MAY FAIR
tron. W. Trevelyan, Esq. The cliurcli u ancient but
good; and coutain.s 'a, very ancient effigies of tlie Car-
iniuows, a monument to Sir E. Vyvj-an of 169'j, and the
sword which he wielded in the cause of Charles II.
There are chapels for Baptists and Wesley an s, two chapels
for United Free Methodists, and a national schooL
MAWGAX-IN-PYDER (St.), a village and a parish
iu St.Columb district, Cornwall. The village stands in
a valley, on a considerable stream, 2 miles from the coast,
3J NW by "\V of St. Cohimb-Major, and 12 N\V of St.
Austell r. station; and has a post-office, of the name of
Mawgan, under St. Colunib, Cornwall, and a fair on 2i
June. The parish extends to the coast; and comprises
.0,468 acres of land, and 160 of water. Real property,
£4,559. Pop., 731. Houses, 153. The property is
divided among a few. The ancient manor-hoise, now a
nunnery, is noticed in the article L.vnhern'E. Canian-
ton was once the seat of the lawyer Eoj", and is now the
seat of H. AVillyams, Esq. A cove, called ilawgan-
Porth, is at the mouth of the stream which waters
JIawgan village; and a romantic little bay, called Bod-
lothan-Steps, is about a mile to the X. Tiaces of an-
cient earthworks are near the village. Good slate is
quarried on the clitfs of the coast, chiefly for exportation.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value,
£535.* Patron, H. \Villyaras, Esq. The church is an-
cient; was beautifully restored in 1861 ; and contains an
old screen, and several brasses and monuments to the
ArundeUs. The churchyard contains a very interesting
sculptured cross. There are chapels for Wesleyans and
Primitive Methodists, and two village schools.
MAWKINS-HAZELLS, a hamlet in St EriaveUs
parish, Gloucester; 7i miles N of Chepstow.
JIAWLRY-HALL, the seat of Sir Edward Blount,
Bart., on the SE border of Salop; on the river Teme, 1
laUe SE of Cleobury-ilortimer.
MA^VNAN, a village and a parish in Falmouth dis-
trict, Cornwall. The village stands 4 miles S3W of
Falmouth town and r. station; and has a p.:)st-office
under Falmouth. The parish comprises 2,05S acres of
land, and 200 of water. Real property, £2,329. Pop.,
572. Houses, 115. The property is subtlivided. Pen-
wanie and Trerose are chief residences; and the latter
was formerly the seat of the Killigrews, the Slannings,
the Kempes, and others. The rocks include slate, granite,
porphyry, and iron and cojjper ores. A_n ancient cir-
cular camp is at Carlidnack. The living is a rectory
iu the diocese of Exeter. Value, £323. * Patron, J. J.
Rogers, Esq. The church is ancient, in fair condition ;
■ and has a to«er, which serves as a landmark to mariners.
A chapel of ease, with a cemetery, was formerI;r at Pen-
wamo. There are chapels for Baptists and Wesleyans,
and an endowed national school.
MAWR, a hamlet in Llangafelach parish, Glamorgan;
near the Julian way, 7i miles N of Swansea. Real pro-
perty, £3,487. Pop., 733. Houses, 140. Many of the
inhabitants are colliers.
MAWR, a hamlet in Llanguick parish, Glamorgan;
f^4 miles N!NW of Neath. Real property, £2,739. Pop.,
710.
3LAAV.SLEY, a quondam extra-parochial tract, now
part of Faxton parish, ^Northampton; 3^ miles S of
Rothwell. Pop., IS.
MAWTHORPE, a hamlet in Willoughby parish, Lin-
coln ; l.l mile KE of Willoughby village. Pup., 30.
!MAXEY, a village and a parish iu Peterborough dis-
trict, Northampton. The village stands near the river
Wclland at the boundary witli Lincoln, and near Ermine-
street and the Great Northern railwa}% 1.^ mile IC by E
of Ilelpstone r. station, and l.J SW of .Market-Deepii^g;
and is a straggling place. The parish contains also the
hamlet of Deeping-Gate ; and its post-town is !M.irket-
iJeeping. Acres, 2,2S0. Real propertj', £5,155. Pop.,
C43. Houses, 135. The property is ilividei among a
few. The chief landowner is the Hon. G. ~\\'. Fitz-
william. A small outlying tract is called Nunton.
A moated castle, the seat of the Counto-..; of Rich-
mond, stood at Castle-End ; and is now repi -.cnted by
'inly pai t of the moat. Lolhani Bridges, now -jonsisting
of ruins of eleven arches, are supposed to have been built
bj- the Romans, and took Erniine-street over low grounds
contiguous to the Welland. Two handsome bridges give
comnuinication, across the Velland, to Deeping - St.
James and Market-Deeping. The li\'ing is a vicarage iu
the diocese of Peterborough. Value, £304.* Patrons,
the Dean and Chapter of Peterborongli. The church is
ancient, partly Norman, partly of later dates; has a
tower; and was restored in 1564. There are an Inde-
pendent chapel, a national school, and charities about
£60.
MAXFIELD, an old timbered house in Guestling
parish, Sussex; 3.^ miles NE of Hastings. It was the
birth - place of George Martin, the translator of the
Rheims version of the Bible.
MAXFIELD, Cheshire. See Maccle.sfield.
MAXIMA CESARIEXSIS, a quondam Roman pro-
vince; bounded, on the N, by Hadrian's wall, — on tho
S, by the Humber and the Jlersej-.
MAXSTOKE, a parish, with a village, in Meriden dis-
trict, Warwick ; on the river Blytho, adjacent to thu
Hampton and Whitacre link of the Midland railwa}', 2^
miles SE of Coleshill. Post-town, Coleshill, under
Birmingham. Acres, 2,701. Real jiroperty, £3,791.
Pop., 322. Houses, 62. The property is divided among a
few. The manor ofthe Castle belongs to C. F. Dilke, Esq.;
and that of the Priory belongs to Lord Leigh, ilaxstoke
Castle was built, in the time of Edward III., by William,
Earl of Huntingtlou ; has a quadrangular form, with a
hexagonal embattled tower at each angle; is sitrrounded
by a moat; contuiues to be in good repair; forms an in-
teresting specimen of the architecture of its period; be-
longed to successivel}' the Sta.iords, the Coniptons, and
the Egertons; and is now the residence of C. F. Dilke, Esq.
An Augustinian priory was foimded near the churchyard,
about the same time as the castle, by William, Earl of
Huntingdon; stood on a spot now occupied by a farm-
house; and is still represented by ruins of a fine g-ateway,
and by the tower of the church. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Worcester. Value, £100. * Patro.i,
Lord Leigh. The church is tolerable. There are an en-
dowed national school with £30 a-year, and charities £5.
MAXWORTHY, a hamlet in North Petherwiii parish,
Devon; 7 miles NW of Launccston.
MAY30R0UGH, an ancient British monument on
the S border of Cumberland; on the river Eamont, 1|-
mile S of Penrith. It is situated on a woody eminence;
comprises a circular area about 300 feet in diameter, sur-
rounded by a mound of pebbles several feet high; has in
the centre an unhewn block of stone, 25 feet in girth,
and 11 feet high ; had formerly, near that stone, three
other blocks of similar character; and is entered, through
the mound, by a cut 36 fed wide. Some antiquaries
suppose it to be Druidical, while others disagree widely
witli one another in opinion re.->pecting it. Sir Walter
Scott speaks of it as —
" JIayborouc;h's mound and stones of power,
I'y Druids raised in magic hour."
JIAYBURY, a place near Woking in Surrey. A re-
treat for impoverished actors, was erected here iu 1S62;
bears th.e name of the Royal Dramatic College ; com-
prises, as originally erected, twenty-one sets of residences;
includes a central hall, built in 1866, at a cost of £2,500;
was designed, at the erection of the hall, to be enlarged
by the addition of wings; and, in a general view, is in
the collegiate style of two stories, with the lower st'uy
in [he form of an arca'le, and with a tower and spire ^t
the central hall.
!iIAY FAIR, two chapelries and a sub-district in St.
George-Hanover-squarc parish and district, Middlesex.
The chapelries arc iu a fashionable part of Westminster,
and are noticed in tlie artich Gr.or.GE (St.) ilauovcr-
squarc.— ^The sub district is bounded by a line from
2so. 197 Regent-street northward, along that street, ti>
its junction with Conduit-stre.-t; wcstwaixl thetico, alung
Conduit-street, across New l>oud-street, and along Bru-
ton-strtct, to Berkele\'-,squar-; north-westward thence
to the E end of tl;e S -side of Mouiit-strett ; westward.
JIAYFIELD.
303
MEAD (ihDDLE).
thence, along Slouutstroot, to the ro.ul in Hyde-park
from C'innbeil.imlg.ite to Hyili^-p^ik-corner; southward
thence, along that road, to Piccadilly; eastward thonce,
alon" Piccadilly, to a point on a line with tlie fronts of
the lioiisea iu the Grceu-park ; southward thence, along
tliat line, to a point on a line with the fronts of the
houses oil the X side of Park-place; eastward thence to
St. Jauics'-street, and along that street to Piccadilly, and
along Piccadilly to the hack of the W side of Burlington-
arcade; thence to Burlington-gardens, and along tlie S
side of these, to New Bond-street; and thence, along the
parochial boundary to No. 197 Eegeut-stveet. Acres,
136. Pop. in 1851, 12,980; in 1S61, 12,885. Houses,
l,6tJ3.
JIAYFIELD, a village and a parish in Uckfield dis-
trict, Suisex. The village stands 2} miles SE by S
of Kothertiold station on the Tunbridge-Wells and
Brighton railway, 4^ miles SW by S of Wadhurst sta-
tion on the Tunbridge-Wells aud Hastings railway, and
7i S of Tunbridge-Wells; is situated on an eminence,
commanding extensive views of the circunrjacent country;
was anciently known as llagavelda ; is a polliug-place for
East Sussex ; was formerly a market-town ; has a post-
ofhcej under Hurst-Green, aud faii-s on 30 May and 13
Nov. ; aud forms a good centre to tourists for exploring
a considerable extent of picturesque sceceiy. The parish
contains also the handets of lladlow-Down and Five-
Ashes; and includes part of the chapelry of Hadlow-
Down. Acres, 13,604. Real property, £13,556. Pop.
in 1S51, 3,055; in 1861, 2,688. Houses, 529. The
decrease of pop. arose from the migration of labourers
and othei'S to neighbouring towns. The property is sub-
divided. The manor belonged to the Archbishops of
Canterbury; wa.5 surrendered to the Crown, in 1545, by
Archbishop Cranraor; was given b}" Henry VIII. to Sir
Henry North; passed to Sir Thomas Gresham, the Rakers,
and the Kirbj's; and belongs now to Marquis Camden.
A palace was erected at the village, in the lOtli century,
by St. Dunstan ; was the death-place of Archbishops
Mephani, Stratford, and Islip; was also the meoting-place
cf ecclesiastical councils in 1332 and 1362; gave enter-
tainment, in the time of Sir Thomas Gresham, to Queen
Elizabeth; exists now partly in a state of ruin, partly in
a state of decay; includes ruins of a magnificent ban-
queting hall, 70 feet long and 39 feet wide, and a mas-
sive stone staircase, leading to what were the principal
apartments; retains the E end, now used as a fiirm-house,
the dining-room, now used as a hop-store, and another
apartment, nov^ used for voting at the county elections;
and contains the famous relics of St. Dunstan, his swonl,
an anvil, and a hammer. St. Dunstan 's well adjoins the
kitchen ajjartments, and is carefully walled round. The
scene of St. Duustau's fabled contest with the devil like-
wise is somewhere in the near vicinity. The palace was
purchased in 1S5S by F. Cordrey, Esq.; and a portion of
it is occupied as liis residence. Skipper's Hill is the scat
of S. Hughes, Esq. ; Summer-Hill, of W. T.aylor, Esq. ;
Jlerriams, of j\I. Threherne, Esq.; Sunnybank, of 1).
Barclay, Esq. ; Lower House, of W. Sprott, Esq. ; Jliddle
House, of IC. Tench, Esq.; Hadlow House, of J. Haskins,
Esq. ; ilond House, of W. Gilbert, Esq. ; Tidebrook, of
T. W. Adams, E^q. ; Hoopers Land, of B. Bass, Esq. ;
Mount Pkasaut, of John Kees, Esq.; and the Grove, of
V^^ Williams, Esq. About 350 acres are under hops.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of C'liichester.
Value, £S3J. Patron, the Rev. H. T. M. Kirby. The
church i-s later English ; has memorial windows to two
succcs.sive vicar.s, father and son, the Revs. John Kirby;
and contains numerous monuments to the Baker fomily,
and tablets to the Aynscombc aud the Sands families.
There are chapels for Calvinisls aud Wesleyans, an en-
dowed school with £27 a-year, and charities £23. A girl.s'
orphanage, a large block of building, in tlie coUegiato
styli;, alter designs by Pugin, was erected in 1866, at the
rxpeusc of the Duchess of Leed.s, at Blctchiu'dy, near
Mayfiehl; and has acconituodation for 120 girls, and for
n community of superint^'iiding religious ladies.
MAYFIEfiD, a township, a parish, and a sub-district,
i,a the E border of Staflbrdshire. Tlie township lies on
the river Dove, adjacent to the Ashborno railway, near
Clifton r. station, at the boimdary with Derbyshire, 2
miles S^V of Ashborue; is sometimes called Mathfield;
includes the handets of Church-Mayfield, Lower-May-
tield, and Upper-M.ivfield; has a post-ofKcc, of the nama
of Maylield, under Ashborne; aud communicates across
the Dove by Hanging-bridge, a stone structure of five
arches. Acres, 1,S20. Real property, .£6,552. Pop. in
1851, 844; in 1£61, 1,005. Houses, 205. The increase
of pop. arose from the enlargement of a cotton factory.
The parish contains also the townships of Calton anil
Woodhouses in Ashborne district, and the township of
Butterton in Leek district. Acres, 3,700. Real pro-
perty, with Throwlev, £11,315. Pop. in 1851, 1,31"; in
1861, 1,426. Houses, 309. The property is divided
among a few. The manor, with Mayfield Hall, belongs
to Jlr. Tunniclitl'e. Ancient coins, urns, traces of a
Roman road, and other relics have been discovered; and
there are two barrows. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of Licliiield. Value, £151.* Patron, Jlrs.
Greaves. The church has a lofty tower, and is good.
The p. curacy of Butterton aud the donative of Calton
are separate benefices. There are a AV'esleyan chapel,
national schools, and charities £54. — The sub-district ex-
cludes all the parish except ilayfield township, but in-
cludes two other entire parishes and part of another; and
is in Ashborne ilistrict. Acres, 12,766. Pop., 3,446.
Houses, 723.
MAYFORD, a tjrthing in Woking parish, Surrey; on
a branch of the river Wey, and on the Southwestern rail-
way, 44 miles N of GuiltLford.
MAYHILL, a suburb of Monmouth; with a post-office
under Monmouth.
MAYLAND, a parish iu Maldon district, Essex; mid-
waj' between the rivers Blackwater and Crouch, 64 miles
SE of Maldon r. stj.tion. Post-town, Maldon. Acres,
2,030. Real prorerty, £3,166. Pop., 225. Houses,
50. The property is divided among a few. The manor
belongs to St. Bartholomew's hospital, London. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Rochester. Value,
£142. Patron, St. Bartholomew's Hosj)ital, London.
The church was rebuilt in 1867, and is iu the early
English style. Bishop Gauden, the author or editor of
part of " Eikon Bas'iike," was a native.
MAYLOR, a huailred in Flint; lying detached 8 miles
south-eastward from the rest of the county; bounded, on
the NW, by the river Dee, — on the N, by Cheshire,- — on
the E and the S, by Salop; and containing Hanmer par-
ish, three other parishes, and parts of eight others.
Acres, 43,997. Pop. iu 1S51, 9,010; in 1861, 9,719.
Houses, 2,044.
MAYNE (Little), a hamlet in AVest Knighton parish,
Dorset; 3} miles SE of Dorchester. Real projierty, £251.
JI AY POLE, a hamlet iu Bold township, Prescot par-
ish, Lancashire; S| miles E of Prescot.
MAYSHILL, a hamlet in Westcricigh parish, Glou-
cester; 2 miles S\V of Chipping-Sodbury. Pop., 149.
JIAY-STACK, a quondam natural arch on the coast of
Durham; on a reef of low rocks, near the mouth of tlu-;
Dene, 3 miles ENE of Castle-Eden. The top of it fell
in a few years ago ; and only two solitary pillars now re-
main.
MAZE HILL. See Bi-.vcKnEATn, Kent.
MEABURN (Ki.VGs). Sec Kings MK.uiun.x.
MEABURN (MACLDS^. See M.\uld.s-Mi-:.\.bukn.
JIKADELMESBYRIG. See MALMsnuRY.
MEADFOUT, a suburb of Torquay, in Devon. It lies
around what was once a secluded cove; is an entirely
modern ]ilace; and comprises crescents, teiTaces, wide
streets, and lines of vil'as, continuous with Torquay.
A pretty coom a-cends from Meadfoot Sands to Ilsh;iiii.
MEAD-HOLK, a baylet on the N coast of the Isle of
Wight; 2i miles SE of Cowe.s. It ami the neighbouring
inlet of Kings-Quay were the piinci[ial anchorage in the
N of the islaml, prior to the rise of Cowes in the time of
Charles 1.
JI LADLE, a hamlet in ^lonks-Risborough parish,
Bucks; 2 miles N of Princes-Risborough.
JIEAD (MlL-DLK), a hamlet in Little Baddow p:iri..li.
SIEADON-CRAFT.
301
MEAVy.
Essex; 31 mUesE of Chelmsford. Acres, 410. Pop.,
ISS
MEADOW-HALL, a station on tlie Sheffield, Wonib-
•n-ell, and Barusley railway, \V. E. Yorkshire; 44 miles
NNE of Sheffield. ^^ , o, -1 w
MEADOWLE V, a place in the SE of Salop; S\ miles \V
of Bridgnorth. It is a meet for the Wheatland hounds.
MEADOWTOWN, a township in Worthin pan^h,
Salop; 8^ miles N of Bishops-Castle. Pop., 131.^
MEADS, a hamlet or village on the coast of Sussex;
14 mOe S of Eastbourne, and 2 NNE of Beachy Head.
It has a post-office under Eastbourne.
JIEAL-HILL, a hamlft in Hepworth towitship, Kirk-
turton parish, W. K. Yorkshire; 64 miles S of Hud-
dersfield.
ilEALO, a to«-nship, conjoint with Huyton, in As-
patria parish, Cumberland ; 2 miles SE of Ailonby.
MEALKIGG, a hamlet in Bromfield parish, Cumber-.
land; on Cnimmock beck, 3^ miles KE of Ailonby.
Pop., 58. There is a mineral spring.
MEALS, a place in the SW of Cumberland; on the
coast, 2 miles S of Ravenglass.
ME.\LS, Berks. See Suliiampstead-B.o-sistee.
MEALSG.^TE, a hamlet, with a railway station, in
Bromfield parish, Cumberland; 5 miles W by S of Wigton.
It has a post-office under Wigton.
MEAIS, a place in the S of Hants; in the Meanvari of
Bade, on Southampton water, 21 miles SW of Fareham.
MEAN (LowERl, a quondam e.xtra-parochial tract, now
a part of St. Briavels parish, Gloucester; 84 miles WXW
of Berkeley.
MEANTOL. See Cosstantixe.
MEANVAPJ. See Mean.
MEANWOOD, a hamlet and a chapelry in Leeds par-
ish, W. R. Yorksliire. The haudet lies on the E side of
a thickly-wooded dell, 2h miles NE of Kirkstall r. sta-
tion, and 4 N by AV of Leeds; contains some handsome
residencco; and has a post-office under Leeds. The
chapelry was constituted in 1S47. Ratid property,
£2,643. Pop., 1,321. Houses, 303. The property is
divided among a few. Meanwood House is a modern
mansion. The surface shows diversified seeuer)-, and
commands a view of the town of Leeds. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Ripon. Value, £150.* Pa-
trons, ilrs. and Miss Beckett. The church Ls modern;
and was built at the expense of Mrs. and Mbs Beckett.
JIEAR, a place in the NE of Cornwall; on Bude bay 2
miles NW of Stratton.
ilEARE, a village and a jiarish in Wells district,
Somerset. The village stands on a quondam island, near
the river Brue, and near the Highbridge and Glastonbury
railway, 24 miJes WNW of Glastonbury; dates from an-
cient times; was long approachable only by water; could
be approached, so late as about ISOS, only by a horse-
path; and has a post-otlice under Glastonbur}'. The par-
ish comprises S,269 acres. Real property, £15,257.
Pop., 1,640. Houses, 344. There are tluve manors,
Meare, Godney, and Wcstliay; and all were given by
Kerelwach, King of the West Saxons, to Glastocbuiy
abbey. The manor of Meare went, at the dissolution,
to the Duke of Somerset ; passed afterwards through
many hands ; and now is much subdivided. The manor-
house was built in the middle of the 14th century by
Adam de Sodbury; was a frequent residence of the ab-
bots of Glastonbur}' ; retains, particularly in ito liaU and
its kitchen, very distinct marks of ancient grandeur;
was surrounded by high walls, much of which still re-
main; and is now used as a farm-house. The abbots
came to it by water; they had a sort of wharf, at a spot
now called pool-reed, where their boats were moored;
and they used what was long a lake of about 400 acres
for abundant fishing. A cottage, tradition;dly known as
the Fish-house, stands a little K of the manor house; was
built in the time of Edward III.; presents uniijue and
interesting features, with a roof of open timber-work;
and is kept in repair by its present proprietor. Sir
Charles Taylor. The quondam hike lias been completely
drained; and all the bottom of it is now prime land.
Much of the a'ljaceut surface is mar^h ortuibar}-; and
stacks of peat, cut for fuel, dot it in all directions. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Bath and Well.s.
Value, £340.* Patron, W. T. H. Phelps, Esq. The
church is mainly of the time of Edward II., but partly of
the times of Edward III. and Henry VI. ; was much
mutilated, by tasteless altei-ations, after the Reformation;
has, in recent-times, been much improved; and contains
a richly-sculptured pulpit. Veiy near the church is an
old stone cross. The p. curacy of Godaey is a separate
benefice. There are chapels for Independents, Baptists,
and Primitive Methodists, and a national school. The
Rev. W. Phelps, author of a " History of Somerset,"
was vicar.
MEARLEY, a township in Whalley parish, Lancashire;
under Pendle Hill, and within Clitheroe borough, 2 miles
ESE of Clitheroe r. station. Acres, 1,280. Real pro-
perty, £936. Pop., 47. Houses, 7.
ME.A.RS {.\snF.Y). See Ashby-Meaes.
MEARSBl;OUGH, a hamlet in Bamsley chapelry,
Silkstone parish, W. R. Yorkshire; near Barnslej'.
MEASAN'D, a hamlet in Bainptou parish, Westmore-
land; on Torden beck, at the W side of Ilawes-water.
MEASE (Tue), a river of Leicester, Derby, and War-
wick. It rises a little E of Ashliy-de-la-Zouch ; runs
about 54 miles south-south-westward, and about 9 west-
ward, but eventually west-north-wostward, to the Trent
in the neighbourhood of Croxall ; and traces, -it intervals,
the county-boundaries.
ME.\SHAM, a village, a townshfp, a parish, and a
sub-district, in the district of Ashby-de-le-Zouch, and
county of Derby. The village stands on the Ashby-de-
la-Zouch canal, near the river Jlease and tlie boiuidary
with Leicestershire, 34 miles SW by S of Ashby-de-la-
Zouchr. station; and has a post-office under Atherstone.
— Tlie township comprises 1,490 acres. Real property,
£6,301. Pop., 1,569. Houses, 337. — The jarish con-
tains also parts of the hamlets of Donisthorpe and Oak-
thorpe. Real property, with the rest of Donisthorpe and
Oakthorpe, £S,624. Pop., 1,639. Houses, 348. The
property is divided among a few. Measham Hall is the
seat of W. Abney, Esq. The manufacture of silk fabrio.-'
and small ware is lai-gely carried on; and there are a
steam-boiler and chain manufactory, and a small brewer}-.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Lichfield.
Value, £97.* Patron, the Marquis of Hastings. The
church is good; and there are chapels for Ba])tists and
Wesleyans, a large national school, and charities £325.
The sub-district contains only the Measham town-
ship portion of the parish, but contains also three entire
parishes and part of another electorally in Leicestershire,
and another parish partly in Derby and partly in Leices-
ter. Acres, 9,457. Pop., 4,109. Houses, 917.
MEAUX, a township in Wawn parish, E. R. York-
shire; 3| miles E of Beverley. Acres, 1,390. Real pro-
perty, £1,778. Pop., 86. Houses, 14. The name was
taken from Meaux in Normandy, by Norman settlers. A
Cisterlian abbey was founded here in 1140, by William
le Gros, Earl of Albemarle; was colonized from Fountains
abbey; and is now represented by a gateway, part of a
wall, and traces of the fonndations of the chuich.
Several interesting relics, inclnding monumental stones,
a tesselated pavement, a key, a knife, and a ring, have
been found in e.xcavating the ruins.
SIEAVY, or ilEW (The), a river of Devon; rising iu
Dartmoor; and running about 13 miles south-south-
eastward and south-west\\-ard, thi'oiigh Dartmoor, and
past Sheepstorand Meavy, to the Plym.
ilEAVY, a village and a parish iu Tavistock di.strict,
Devon. The village stands on the river Meavy, near
Shcepstor hill, 21 miles SE of Horrabridger. suition, and
6 SE by S of Tavistock; is surrounded by romantic
scenery; has a ]K...,t-office under Horrabridge, Devon, and
an inn; ami is a resort of anglers. The pari^h contains
also the village of Loveton. Acres, 3,2^9. Real pro-
pertj', £2,047; of which £75 are in quarries. Pop., 269.
Houses, 49. TTie property is divided among a few. Tlie
raauor and much of the land belong to Sir !M. Lopes,
Bart. Remains f xist of an old mansion, v.hich was the
residence of Sir Francis Drake. Sheepstor hill, a great
5IECHLAS.
30b
MEDSTEAD.
mass of siiarkling granite, fig-ari's couspieiiously in tlio
laiulscai e, uiiil coiitnists strikingly to iieiglibuuiiii;;
woo'l'j a:i'l venlure. An oak, supposed to be as oM as
the time of Kiiig Jolin, ftanils at the village; Tneasn'-Ps
27 feet in ";rtb ; and is so JecaytJ and worn in the tr :nk
05 to f'jnn an aix'hway nearly 6 feet higii. A bridge
Sjiaas tlie MiMvy; anil a well jn-esei vid ancient gianite
cro>s, abont 9 feet high, is in its neiglibourhood. The
living is a rector)- in the diocese of Exeter. Value,
i;210?* Patron, the Ix)i-d Chancellor. The church is
early P^nglish; Wiis recently restored ; and consists of
nave, S aisle, tran-icpt, anil chancel, with porch and
toTver. There are a Baptist chapel and a parocliial
ecliOoL
.MEf^llLAS, a township in Cilcen parish, Tliut; 4^
miles WXW of Mold. Pop., 128. Houses, 31.
MEDUOL'RNK, a village, a township, and a parish in
ti:e distii'^t uf Uppingham and county of Leicester. The
vill.ige stands on a rivulet near its iiiHux to the river
\Vel!and at tlie boundary with Northamptonshire, and
nnder a hill near the site'of a Roman station on the Via
Devana, 1 mile NNE of .Medbonrne- Bridge r. station,
and 6\ SE of .Market-Harborough; and has a post-otlice
under ilarkct-Harborough. The township extends be-
yond the village, over the greater part of the parish.
kealproi>ertv, i3.517. Pop., 580. Houses, 119. The
j^riih includes also the township of Holt. Pop. of the
whole, 613. Houses, 12S. 'I'lie property is divided
among a few. The manor belongs to Cosmo Nevill, Es'j.
A P.oman pavement, coins, ])0tterj-, and other relics
Lave been found at Medenborough, the site of the Roman
station. The livin" is a rectory, united witli the
chapelrj- of Holt, in tlie diocese of Pete. borough. Value,
£630.*' Patron, St. John's College, Cambridge. The
church is old but good ; and consists of nave, S aisle,
transepts, and chancel, with a tower. There are a NVes-
leyan chaiwi, a free school with £32 a-year from endow-
ment, and charities £56.
MEDBOURXE-BRIDGE, a railway station on the X
border of Xorthampton ; on the Stamford and P>lis\voith
railw;>.v, a.ljaceut to the river "VVelland, at the boundary
with. Leicester, o\ miles XE by E of Market-Harborough.
MEDELEY. See Medlkv.
MEDEX' (Thk), a river of Notts; rising on the bor-
ders of Derby, near Hnoknall-under-Huthwaitc; running
uKiut IS miles no;lh-ea-st\vard, partly along the bound-
nry with Derby, to a confluence with the Maun and the
PouUer in the ueighbourhoiKl of Elksley ; and combining
there, with these streams, to form iho Idle.
MEDOK-HALL, a r. station near the boundar)' T)e-
tween Yorkshire and Lincolnshire: on the Doneaster and
Griiiisbv railwav, 3^ miles E of Thome.
MEUHAM, a hamlet in the X of the Isle of Wight; <m
the i>!t side of the Medina river, 3 miles N of Newport.
MEIJIXA (TiiF), a river of the Isle of Wight. It
rises on Kingston douni, about I4 mile from the S coast;
inius about 10 miles northward, past Gatconibe and Xew-
p.jrt, to the Solent at Cowes; forms there a good harbour;
and i- iint.;d for oysters and fiat fish.
MEDINA (E.\.sr and West), two liberties, comprising
the whole of the Isle of Wight. Acres of E. M., 53,3411.
P.ip. in 1851, 25,6H. Houses, 4,721. Acres of W.M.,
4.),:<10. Pop. in 1851, 16,663. Hou.ses, 2,657. Pop.
of both in I56I. 47,428. Houses, 8,766.
MEDIOLANUM. See Chestlktun, Wauwick, and
SlAriir..\FF.i..
MEI.>I..\M, a linnilet in Revesby parish, Lincoln; 2
niiivs X of I>olingbroke. Pop., 02.
MEDLAU-WITH-WESHAM, a township in Kirkham
[larish, Lancashire; around Kirkham r. st;ition, from h
a mile to 2^ ndles X of Kirkham. It has a postal letter-
box, at the r. station, under Preston; and has there also
a hotel. Acri'S, ],!'71. Real property, £3,441. Pop.
in 1S51, 170; in 1861, 503. Houses, 101. The increase
of pop. arose from additional em]iloymcnt in cotton mills.
The manor, with ilowbieck Hall, belongs to J. T.
F.izakerley-Westby, E.s(]. The Hall is a tine old edifice
cf red brick, cxstcllatcd with stone; and contains a
c'ornestic Roman Catholic chai'el. A lavgc school, ascd
also as;i lecture hall, and belunging to the Independents,
was built at Wcsliam in 1S64.
MEDLEY, anciently Mkiuxev, a place in Oxfonl-
shiie; on the river Tliamcs, 2 miles NNW of Oxford. It
had a country seat of the priors of Oseny. It was ti'o
])lace where Henry II. met Rosamouil, when a nun a.'
Giidstone; and it figures, as follows, in the poems of
Withers, —
'• In smnnier-time to Medley
My love and I would go:
The boatmen there stood ready
My li)ve and me to row."
MEDLICOTT, a township in Wentnor parish, Salop;
4\ miles WNW of Church-Strctton. Pop., 60.
MEIJLOCK (Thk), a river of Lancashire; rising at
Scholver; and running abont 11 miles south-westward :o
the Irwell, at Manchester.
MEDMEXHAM, a village and a parish in the district
of Henley and county of Piuckingham. The village
stands near the river Thames, at the boundarv with Berks,
3] miles SW by W of Great ilariow, and'4,i WXW ..f
Henley r. station; and has a post-oflice under Marlow.
The parish comprises 2,420 acres. Real property,
£3,208. Pop., 380. Houses, 76. The property "is
divided among four. The manor, with Paiieslield House,
belongs to C. R. S. Murray, Es(j. A Cisteitian abbey,
an offshoot of Woburu abbey, was founded here in 12l'4,
bj' Hugh de Bolibec; went giadually into decay, so as to
be very poor at the dissolution; survives in remains,
agglomerated with modern tower and cloister, adjacent
to a little inn and a ferry-house, on a lovely and seclud.ed
spot, contiguous to the Thames; became, in the middle
of liist century, the abode of a mysterious community,
calling themselves Franciscans, from their founder
Francis D;\.sliwooil, afterwards Lord lo Despeiicer; and is
now a favourite place of jiopular resort, borne of the
doings of thp so-called Franciscans are noticed in
"Chrj'sal or the Adventures of a Guinea;" and soma
pictures, representing their mysteries, are preserved at
the Thatched House tavern in London. A large ancient
entrenchment, supposed to bt Danish, is near Llaiies-
field House. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Oxford. Value, £200.* Patron, C. R. S. Murray, Es.p
Tlie church is early Engli.sh, of iliiit, chalk, and stone ;
was restored at several periods up to 1864, at a cost of
nearly .£1,200; and has a tower, and a fine E windnv,-.
The churchyard contains a handsome niouunient to Mrs.
Bransby Powys. There is a parochial school.
MEDOM.SLEY, a village, a township, and acliapeliy,
in Laiii'hester parish, Durham. The village stands on a
branch of the Stanhope and Tyne railway, ij of a mile
ENE of Watliug-street, 1^ E of the river Derwent at the
boundary with Northumberland, and 2,^ XE of Shotlcy-
Bridge; and lias a post-^pffice uiuhr Gateshead. Tlie
township comprises 4,823 acres. Real property, £13,01 J;
of which £20 are in quarries, £4,211 in mines, ami
£3,600 in iron-works. Pop. in 1851, S40 ; in 1861,
1,296. Houses, 259. The property is divided among a
few. Medomsley Hall was the birth-place of Dr Hunter,
the physician and antiijuary. The Soots crossed tho
Derwent adjacent to Medomsley, in 1644, by "a tii e-
bridge." — The chapelry is less extensive than the towii-
sliiji. Pop., 856. The living is a ji. curacy in the do
cese of Durham. Value, £000." Patron, the Bishop ol
Durham. The church is earlj' English; has an E wiji-
dow of throe lancet lights; contains, below the altai'-stejiS,
two curious sculptured-heads of a king and a bishop; and
was recently in very bad condition.
JIEDROSE, a village in the X of Cornwall; 2J miles
W of Camelford. It originated in the working of Deia-
bole slate quarr)'.
MEDSTEAD, a village and a parish in Alton district,
Hants. The village stands near the Wiucluster railwav,
4 miles WSW of Alton; and Ills a post-otlice under Akuir,
and a r. station. The parish comprises 2,811 acres.
R'eal property, £2,S5J. Pop., 407. Houses, 66. The
property is subdivided. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of Winchester. Value, £580.* Patrrn, tho
Bishop of Winchester. The church has some NcnL.ai
2<i
JIF.OUSA CHANNEL.
30t>
MELBKCKS.
portions, and wiu repaired in i S53. Tlicre are an In-
dependent cliapcl and a national school.
MEDUSA CHANNEL, the inner passage to Ilarwieli,
in Essex; over the Naze-flats. It has fVoui 3 to 5 fa-
thoms ^vater; and has, on tlie cue side, the Stone Banks
i'.nd r.iJge,— on tlis other side, the Ledge and the Pyo
Sand.
MEDWAY (The), a river» partly of Surrey and Sus-
sex, but chielly of Kert. It was loiown to the aiscienl
Britons as Vaga, to the Piomans as Madus, and to the
Sasons as Meilewacge. It draws two liear -streams from
Sussex, and one from Siurey; nms, from the conlluenco
of those, north-eastward, past Penshnrst, to Tuubiidgo;
goes thence, east-north-eastward, to Yalding; proceeds
thence windingly. north-eastward, past Wateringhury
and Barraing, to' Maidstone; goes thence, chiefly rirlh-
ward, hut with heads and wiu.lings, past Aylest'ord,
Snodland, and 'Wouldham, to Rochester; begins, a little
above that city, to be somewhat esrurial ; proceeds, witli
increasing eiturial expansion, and witli offshoots and
brsnchings, chiefly east-uorth-eastwaitl, pa-st Cliathani,
Giilingham, Hoo, and an expanse of marshes, to the
Thames at Sheerness; and embraces, in the reach be-
tween Chatham and Slieerne.??, a number of islands and
small peninsulas. It is joined, at Peushxrrst, by the
l-^den; at Tunbriilge, by the Tun; at Yalding, by the
Beult; at Maidstone, bythoLen; and at Queenborough,
2 miles above Sheerness, by the Swale. It was made
navigable to Tunbridge about the middle of last century;
it is much irsed for navigation up to Maidstone; it has a
tidal rise of 20 feet at Rochester; it varies in width from
less than a mile to upwards of 2 niUes between Gill'ng-
ham and Shoerness; it abom\d.-; with fish of various kinds,
and was fornierly noted for s.a!mon and sturgeon : it in-
cludes, in its lower creeks, an oj-ster fishery : and it
figu-^es in various events of svarlike history, connected
witli the chief to^vns upon its banks.
MEDWAY, a district in Kent; divided into the sub-
districts of liochestor and Giilingham. Eochester sub-
district contains the parishes of St. Nicholas and Si.
JIargaret, the precinct' of the cathedral, and tlie lesser
pirt'of the parish of Chatham. Acres, 3,120. Pop. in
1S51, 16,503; in 1861, 17,550. House.?, -3,298. Giiling-
ham sub-district contains the parish of Giilingham, the
hamlet of Grange, the villc of Lidsing, and the gi-eater
part of the parish of Chatham. Acres'^ 11, -445. Pop. in
1851, 26,2SS; in 1S61, 34,255. IL^uses, 4,811, Poor-
rates of the district in 1863, £13,032. :Marriages in
1863, 5GC; births, 1.923,— of widen 63 were illegitimate;
deaths, 1,180, — of wliioh 501 were at ages under 5 years,
and 20 at. ages above 85. Jlarriages i)i the ten years
1S51-00, 4,461, births, 15,002; deaths, 10,926. The
places of worship, in 1851, were 15 of the Church of Eng-
land, with 9,030 sitting.-i; 3 of Independents, with 1,220
s.; 4 of Baptists, with 1,294 s.; 1 of Quakers, with 300
s.; 8 of We.,leyan ilethodists, with 2,422 s.; 4 of Bible
Christians, witli 097 s.; 2 of the V.'c.sleyan Association,
with 369 s. ; 1 of the New Church, with 70 s.; 1 of the
Catholic and Apostolic Church, with 120 s.; 1 of Ro-
man Catholics, with 150 s. ; and 1 of Jews, with 84 .s.
The schools were 23 public iLay schools, with 3,033
scholars; 101 private day schools, with 2,540 s. ; 32
Sunday schools, with 4,351 s. ; and 1 evening school for
adults, v.-ith 25 .s. The workhouse is in the GiUingham
.section of Cliatham parish; and, at the census of 1S61,
had 493 inmates.
JMEECillNG. See NE\vi[.vvEX, Sussex.
MEEPv. See Mcun.
ilEERBKCIC, a hamlet in Settle parish, W. R. York-
shire; near Si-t:le.
.MEERBROOK, a chapidry in Leek parish, Stafford;
on tlie river Churnet, under the Roaches, 3 miles N by
E of Leek r. station, and 3.} S of the boundary with
Clieshiro. It was constituted in 1.S59 ; and its post-
town is Lf^ek, under Stoko-on-Trent. Rated property,
£4,785. Pol)., 553. Houses, 111. The property is
much subdivided. Th. Churnet's valley here, for a length
of ab-iut 2 miles, is Hanked by stupendous mural mas.ses
cf rock, and strewn with their fallen fragments. The
li^■ing is a vicarage in the dio:e.<e of Lic'iih.dd. ValU'\
£120.* Patron, the Viear of Leek. The church hxia -..
tower, and is good. Tl'.cre are an endowed schoM.'. v.;!':
£19 a-vear, and charities £15.
JNIEERHAY. See BEAiirssTKR.
MEERTOWN, a tything in Porton paiish, Salop; );«i.
Aqualate meer and llal], adj'icent to Salop, 1^ mile No
of Newport.
MEES (The), a river of StafTard and Salop. It rise.-:
near Blpnhill in Str.flbrd; nuis about 6 miles north-
northwestward, partly on the bountlary with Salop, but
chiefly within StalTord, to Aquaiate racer; travei-ses tiu*
lake; goes about \\ mile Ihence, past I'orton, into Salop;
and proceeds about 9^ )niles, north westward, south-
south westward, and w.istward to the Tem, at Bol2>
Magna
MLESDEN, a parish in Roy-ston district, Herts; ad-
jacent to Essex, 64 miles E by N of Buntiugford r. sfii-
tiou. Post-town, Buutingford. .-Vce?, 1,00S. Keai
propeity, £1,104. Pop., 163. Houses, 36. The prc-
peity is divided among a. few. Th.e living is a rectory in
the "diocese of Rochester. Value, £250.* Patron, W.
G. A\'hat-:nan, Esq. The clrarch is plain but gooi.l, ard
lias a bell-turret.
MEESE, or Mcsf. ^The>, a rivulet of Staftbrd^jhire ;
running about 9 miles southeastward to the river Sow
near Chelsey, 4j miles NW of Stafford.
MEESON, a township in Bolas-ilagna parish, Salop;
on the river ilees, CJ miles NNAV of Newport. Pop.,
85.
MEETH, a parish in OkehampV'^n p.irish, Devon; .it
the confluence of the rivei3 (Jkement and Torridge, 3
miles N by E of H.itherleigh, and f> NNW of Okeh-imp-
ton r. station. Post-town, H;vther!eigh, North Devon.
Acres, 2,479. Real prujierty, £1,S62. Pi>p. in 1S51,
333; ir. 1861, 287. lluu.:es,'60. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £237. Patron, the
Rev. F. D. Lemprierc. The church is aneiera; c.<:isists
cf nave, aisles, an-i chi-tccl, with a tower; and ..\mtain.s
a liiouument to Lempriere, the lexicograpiitr, who was
rector. There are a r.p'-i.onal school, and ch-.iri'ie.s £5.
ilEFENYDD, a township in Llan>hystii-d j.aiish,
Cardigan; 8.J miles NE of Aberavron. Pop., 63 <•
House.s 129.
MEFF.UL See Meopham.
MEGSTONE, a rock among the Fern Islands, North-
umberland; among some reefs, about ;> '.nile N\V of the
principal island.
MEIFOD, or Mvfod, a village and a pari.sh in
Llaii.fyUin district, Montgomery. The village stands oii
the river Vyrnwy, under Broniaith hills, 5 J miles NEof
Llanfair, and 6"S\V of Llans.ainttTraid r. station; con-
tests with other places the claim of occupying llie
site of the Roman Mediolanr.ni; was a place of con-
siderable inipoitance in the ecclesiastical aUaivs of
Powijland; and has a po.st-officei under AVelshpooi, .lud
fairs on the last Friday of Feb., April, June, Aug.,
Oct., and Deo. The" parish includes the to'.vu.^liips
of Ci-fnllyfuog, Cwi-i, Deffryn, Keel, Main, Nan
tymoichied, Peniarth. Teirtref, Trevedid, Trefiiany,
and Ystymcolwvn. Acres, 12,614. Rated property,
£12,20'j. Pop.," 1,806. Houses, 359. The property is
subdivi'ded. There are several ]-.!ea?ant seats. Theio
are also an ancient circuhir camp and several bair.iws.
The living is a vicarage in tho diocese of St. Asaph. A^ahie,
490.* Patron, ili.e Bishop of St. Asaph. The church
belonged to Ystrad-Marohel abbey; was the burial--p'.ace of
the princes of Powis; is laige and interesting, with .some
Norman features: ha.s a W battlemented tow-jr of the
15th Century; includes, in its v.uil near the font, a coiSn-
lid of the 12!h century; and contains some old monu-
ments. The churchyard is remarkably large, occupying
an area of about 5 acres. Paits of Pout-Robert and
Pcnrhos chapelries, v.-ith pop. in 1361 uf resp>>ctively
250 anl "217, are wit'-in the [lurish. Charities, £55.
MEL.-\.I, a township in LlaQfiirt-iUaiar:. ])'i.rish, L\a-
high: 7'i miles SSAV of .Vbergele. Pop , 42.
MELAXDRA CASTLE, Sve Gf.o.ssor.
IdELDECKS, a to.vnship and a chai-elry iu Griiitoi>
MELBOURXE.
ilKLCHBOUR^'E.
ivraish, N. K. Yorkshire. The township lies ou t}ie ri-
VLT Jjuale, 2 miles E of ^luker, auJ 12 XW by W of
Leyburii r. btatiun; and contains the li;milets of Illaides,
I'.HifenJ, Feethaiu, Keartou, LoJj^e-Oreeti, I.ongrow,
Potinp, Wiuscrings, Wiutering-G.inhs, Smarher, and
Guniierside, the last of which has a post-odice under
RichuiouJ, Yorkshiio. Acres, 10,1015. Hc.il property,
i;4,S4'j; of which £106 are in mines. Pop., 1,622.
Houses, U20. The property is much subdivided. — The
chapelry is more extensive than the town.ship, and was
constituted ill 1S41. Pop., 2,173. Houses, 431. ^ The
living is a p. curacj- in the diocese of Papon. A'alue,
i:i50.* Patron, the Vicar of Griiitou. The church is
niodeni.
MELBOURNE, a village, a parish, and a sub-distiict,
in the district of Royston and county of Cap;bridge. The
village stands 1 mile S of Meldreth r. station, 2,^ N of
Icknield-»treet and the boundaries with Herts and Es-
sex, 3 NE of lloyston, and 10 S by W of Cambridge;
is a large place and a seat of petty sessions ; and has
a post-oiEcei under Royston, and a police station.
The parish comprises 4,6SS acres. Real property,
£11,139. Pop. in 1851, 1,931; in 1S61, 1,637,
Houses, 363. The property is much subdivided. The
manors belong to R. W. Hitch, Esq., H. J. Hitch,
Esq., and the Dean and Chapter of Ely. Melbourne-
burj- is the seat of J. E. Fordham, Esq. The living
u a Tic-arage in the diocese of Ely. Value, £250.*
Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of" El.v. The church
is of the 14th centur)'; comprises nave, aisles, S
transept, chancel, and S porch; and has a memorial
window to the Hitch family. There are chapels for
Independents and Baptists, an endowed school with
£109 a-year, and charities £56. The old Independent
chapel wa.^ built in 1723, and renovated in 1S4S; and
is now used only for Sabbath -school teaching and
kindred purposes. The new chapel was built in 1865,
at a cost of £2,300; is in the Italian-Gothic style, of
various, coloured bricks ; and has a front wheel window,
and two flanking towers. — The sub-district contains also
twelve other parishes. Acres, 27,236. Pop., 8,450.
Hou'ies, 1,752.
MELBOURNE, a small town, a parish, and a subdis-
tiict, in t^hardlow district, Derbyshire. The tnwu stands
on an affluent of the river Trent, and on the Di-rbv and
Ashby-de-la-Zouch railway, completed from Di-rby to
Jlelljourne in 1867, but not to Ashby till after June
18*59; is 7 miles, by raUway, S.SE of Derby; has a station
on the railway, a post-office* under Derby, several inns, a
market-place, a church, five dissenting chapels, a public
ceniatery, an athenwnni, an endowed national school, and
charities £20; and gave the title of A'isjount to the family
of Lamb. The church is chiefly Norman, with a tower
iif much later date; was recently restored internally, at
aco.'t of £3,000; and contains monuments, of ihc 14th and
the 17th centuries, to the Ilanlinge family. The Inde-
pendent chapel was enlarged in 1365. Tlie Swedenborgiau
chapel was built in 1864, at a cost of £1,000; and "is a
neat small structure, in the Gothic style. The public
fi'metery lies about ^ of a mile from the town, aud was
r.rnied at a cost of £2,000. The athensum was opened
iu 1S54, as a mechanics' institute; and was buUt by sub-
scription. A weekly market is held on ijaturday even-
ings; and the manufacture of silU and thread goods is
carried _oa. — The parish contains also the township of
Kings-Newton, and comprises 3,200 acres. Real jiro-
l.erty, £12,420; of which £110 are in gas-works. Pop.,
2,621. Houses, 620. The manor belonged, at Domes-
day, to the Crown; p.assed to the Beauchamps and the
Lancasters; and belongs now to the Jlarquis of Hast-
ings. A royal ca.itle stood hei'e; wa.s several times vis-
ited by King John; was the prison, for 19 vears, of tlie
Duke of Bouri).)n, taken at thr battle of Agincouvt ;
was dismantled in 1460; and is uow roprescuted bv only a
small portion of the outer walls. A palace of the Bishops
of Carlisle stood on the f^ b.ink of the jiool ; and was
several times visited by King John. Jlelljourno-H.all
belongs to Vi-jcouMtess Palmerston; occui-ies the site of
r. palace of the Bi^liops of Carlisle; was budt by Sir
Thomas Coke in 1712; was the place where BasLter beg 'n
to write his "Saints' Rest;" and lias gardens in the Dutch
style, introduced by William III. Kings-Newton H.all
beloufnid to the llardinge family, gave enteitainmeut to
Charles II., and wr.s destroyed by tire in IS59. Market-
gardening is e.xteuiively carried on. The living is a
vicarage m the dioces:- of LiclUield. Value, £200.* Pa-
tron, uie Bishop of Lichfield. — The sub-district contains
also three other parishes, parts of two others, au extiu-
parochia! tract, and Derbv-Hili.? liberty. Acres, 15,143.
Pop., 4,694. Hoases, 1,0S7.
xitELBOURNE, or jIeldttin, a township in Thornton
parish, E. R. Yorkshire; on the Pocklington canal, 44-
miles SW of Pocklingtoru It has a posf-otfice under
York, and a Weslevin chapeL Acres, 3,130. Real [ao-
perty, £3,198. IV-.., Z'JS. Houses, 119.
ilELBURY-ABBAS, a parish in Shaftesbury district,
Dorset; adjacent to AVLlts, 2i miles SSE of Shafu-sbury,
aud 5 S by'E of SerJey r. station. Post-town, Sliaftes-
bmy, un jer Salisbtirr. Acres, 2,276. Rated property,
£2,035. Pop., 412. Houses, 94. The property is
diWded amoug a few. The manor belongs to Sir R. G.
Glpi, Bart. iIelbu;y-HiLl and Melbury-Down are pro-
minent features. Limestone is worked. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £263.* Pa-
tron, Sir R. G. Glya, Bart. The church was rebuilt in
1851, and has a tuureted tower. There is a n.atioual
school. Bishop Bianlford was a native.
MELBURY-BUBB, a parish in Dorchester district,
Dorset; under Bubb-Down, IJ mile N by £ of Evershot
r. station, and 5 J N\V of Ceme-Abbas. It contains the
tything of Woolco;r.be; and its post-tov.Ti is Sherborne.
Acres, 1,227. Rated property, £1,399. Pop., 136.
Houses, 23. The propeity is divided between two.
Bubb-Down ij a coEipicuous landmark; was formerly a
beacon-station; an i commands a very extensive and
beautiful view. TLe living is a rectory in the diocese of
Salisbury. Value, £222.* Patron, the Earl of llches-
ter. The church was rebuilt in 1S54, ami retains the
tower of a incvious edifice. There was formei'ly a chapel
at Woolcombc.
MELBURY-03M0ND, a village and a parish in Bea-
minster district, Dorset The village stands 2J miles
NNW of Evershot r. station, and 6-i SW by S of Sher-
borne; and has a pssr.-office under Dorchester. The par-
ish comprises 1,19J acres. Real proport}', £1,704. Pop.,
329. iiouses, 73. The pro])erty is divided among £.
few. The manor l^doiigs to the Earl of llchester. The
living is a rectory, united with the rectory of Mclbury-
Sampford, in the tUorese of Salisliury. Value, £263.
Patron, the Earl of llchester. The church was rebuilt iu
1745, and has a tower. There are an endowed school
with £15 a-vear, and charities .£11.
MELBUUY-SAMPFOKD, a parish in Beaminster dis-
trict, Dorset; If mile NW of Evershot r. station, and
7ii SW of Sherborne. Post-town, Melbuiy-Osmond,
under Dorchester. Acres, 1,024. Real property, .£3,208.
Pop., 60. Houses, 10. 'The property belongs to the
Earl of llchester. ilelbury H.all is the Earl's seat; stands
on high gi'ound, commanding a fine prospect to the Men-
dip and the Quant^xik hills; is an ancient edifice, mainly
rebuilt about the beginning of last century; and has an
E front of weatner-beateu stone, ornamented with Cor-
inthian pillars. T.ie living is a vectoiy, annexed to the
rectory of Melbury-Osmond, iu the diocese of Salisbury.
The church is ancient, has a pinnacled tower, and con-
tains monuments of the Brownings and the Strangewaj^s.
jMELCH BOURNE, a village aud a parish iu the district
and county of Beiford. The village stands 2 miles E of
the boundary wirh Northaniptou, 5 NNE of Sharnbrook
r. station, and oi E-^^E of lligham- Ferrers; and was once
a market-town. The piirish comprises 2,574 acres.
Post-town, Higham-Feirers. Real property, £3,170.
Pop., 251. Ilou-.s, 52. The property belongs to Lord
St. Jolni. Melcl.bnirn Hall is Lord St. John's scat;
was built about the time of James 1. or Charles 1.; has
bc_'n ni'Mlerni^ed in the front ; aud !-t;'.nds in ;i fine park
of a!)out 40m acres. A !!;-.;coptory of Knights Ho^pital;';ri
was founJed her-; la the tiu'.e of Henry 1., by Alice,
JIELCHET PARK.
303
JIELJN-DWK.
Countess of Pembroke; was given, by Queen Eliz.ibetli, to
the Russells; and has left some remains. The living is
a vicarage in the diocese of Ely. Value, £150. * Patron,
Lord St. John. The church is modern; consists of uave,
aisles, and chancel, with porch and tower; and contains
a brass of 1377, and two monuments to the St. Johni.
MELCHET PAEK, an extra-parochial ti-act in Alder-
bury district, Wilts; 9i miles SE of Salisbury. Acres,
830. Pop. 31. It was formerly a royal forest; was jiur-
chased in 1783 bj' Ale.xauder Baring, aftenvapls Loi-d
Ashburton; contains a mansion on an elevated site, com-
manding au extensive and charming view; and has, on
an eminence, a Hindoo temple, erected in ISOO, after
designs by Daniell, to the memory of Warren Hastings.
MELCOME-BINGHAM. See ne.xt article.
MELCO.MBE-HOESEY, a parish in Dorchester dis-
trict, Dorset; 8i miles WSW of Blandford r. station, and
9.^ NE by N of Dorchester. It contains part of the ham-
let of Hartsfoot-Lane; and has a post-office, of the name
of Melcombe-Bingbam, under Dorchester. Acres, 2,151.
Real property, £1,988. Pop., 208. House.s, 43. The
property is divided among a few. The manor belongs to
Lord Kivers. ilelcombe-Bingham belonged to the Tur-
bervilles; passed to the Binghains; and was the birth-
plate of Bishop Bingham, who died in 1246, — Sir Richard
Bingham, who was at the siege of St. Qaintin, — and
George Bingham, the theologian. Nettlecombe camp
occupies a square space of 20 acres, and commands a fine
view. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Salisbury.
Value, £300.* Patron, Lord Rivers. The church has a
low tower, and is good.
MELCOMBE-REGIS, a parish in Weymouth district,
Dorset; within AVeymouth borough, and including the
tuodern and larger portion of Weymouth town. Acres,
1,548; of which 90 are water. Real property, £33,794;
■of which £500 are in gas-works. Pop. in 1551, 5,273;
in ISGl, 6,498. Houses, 1,057. The iucrease of pop.
arose from the e.xtension of the Great Western and the
Southwestern railways to Weymouth, from the establish-
ment of a regular packet service to the Channel Islands,
and from the constructing of Government defence works
and of the breakwater at Portland. The living is a rec-
tory, united with the rectory of Radipole, in the diocese
of Salisbury. Value, £298.* Patron, the Rev. E. Hol-
lond. A separate charge, designated St. John's, was
constituted in 1856, oat of Melcombe-Reg'is and Radi-
pole; and the living of it is a p. curacy, of ihe value of
£50, in the patronage of the Rector. Pop., in 1361, of
the Melcome-Regis portion of St. John, 661; of the Radi-
pole portion, 401. See Weymouth.
51ELD0N, a hamlet in Okehanipton parish, Devon;
near Okehampton.
MELDON, a p.irish in Morpeth district, Xorthnmber-
land; on the Wansbeck river and the Wansbeck Valley-
railway, 6 miles W by S of ilorpeth. It has a station
on the railway; and its post-town is Morpeth. .A.cres,
993. Real property, £2,548. Pop., 144. Houses, 27.
The manor, with Meldou Park, belongs to John Cookson,
Esq. Meldon Tower existed in the time of Henry VI. ;
■was the seat of the Fenwicks; is iussociated, in curious
local tradition, with Meg o' Meldou, mother of Sir W.
Feuwick iu the 17th century; and h;is completely disap-
peared, ileldon Water-mill is said to have been a mo-
mentary resting-poiut of Oliver Cromwell in 1651. The
living is a rectorj' in the diocese of Durham. Value,
£288.* Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Darhani.
The church was restored by Dr. Raine, the antiquary,
who was rector.
MELDUETH, a village and a parish in the district of
Royston and county of Cambridge. The village stands
on a branch of the river Rhea, near the Hitchin and
Cambridge railway, 4 miles NNE of Royston; and has a
station on the railway, and a post-olFice under Royston.
The parish comprises 2, 000 acres. Real property, £5, 01 1.
Pop., 735. Houses, 165. The propertj- is much sub-
divided. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Ely.
Value, £224.* Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Ely.
The church consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with
jx/rch and tower; and was recently in disrepair. There
are cha'pels for Independents and V.'e-Ieyans, and char tie-
£9. Andrew Man-ell, father of tl^ poet Marvell, was a
native.
MELFORD, a railway station and a sub-district in
Sudbury district, Suffolk. The station is on the S bor-
der of tlie county, on the Haverhill p.nd Sudbury railwav,
adjacent to Long Melford, 3 miles N.\W of Sudbury.—
The sub-district contains Long Me-.'"'jitl parish, five o"ther
parishes in Suffolk, and two electortlly iu Essc'y \cies
16,799. Pop., .0,574. Houses, 1,-220.
MELFORD (LoN-Q), a village and u parish in Siidburv
district, Suffolk. The village stands on an artlueut Jf
the river Stour, near its influx to the .Stour at the boun-
dary with Essex, and adjacent to Melford r. station, 3
miles NNW of Sudbury; is nearlv a mile long, from .V
to S, and sunx.unded by a beautiful and richly cultivated
country; is a seat of petty sessions, and of a court-baron;
was fomierly a maiket-tmwn; and has a post-oificet under
Sudbury, two hotels, a church, an Independent chapel,
two small endowed schools, a Cirional school built
■m 1860 at a cost of £1,300, a British school, a literary
institute, an endowed hospital, other cliarities £45, a
large cattle fair on AVhit-Thursdar. and a pleasure and
pedlery fair on Whit-Tues*lay and AVhit-Wednesdav.
The church is later English; consists of nave, aisle"s,
ti-ansept, and chancel, with porch and tower; contains
several ancient brasses, and several monuments to the
Mart3'ns and others; and wa.s restored in 1869, at a cost of
about £3,000. The literary institute was opened in 1S49,
and contains a re.ading-room and lecture-room. The
hospital was founded in I5S0, by Sir William Cordell;
is for a warden, 12 poor men, and 2 poor women; ami
has an endowed income of £S51. The British school was
built in lSi)2, and is connected with the Indcpeinkr.t
chapel.— The parish comprises 5,3:5 acres. Real pro
perty, £12,092. Pop. in 1S51, 2,587; in 1861, 2,870.
Houses, 632. The increase of pop. .irose from the exten-
sion of horse-hair and cocoa-nut r.:.re manufacture, and
from the establishment of an iron foundry. The manor
belonged anciently to Bury abbey. Melford Hall i- a
fine Tudor brick mansion, with four small round to\\\ rs
in front; belonged formerly to the .Savaf^cs and the Cor-
dells; belongs now to Sir William Parker, Bart.; and is
the residence of Lord Alfred Paget. Melford Place i> oii
ancient mansion; belongs 1 once to the Martyns; passi-d
to the Spaldings ; and belongs now to H. Westrop'i,
Esq. Kentwell Hall is the seat of Capt. E. R. S. Beuc'e!
The living is a rectoiy in the diocese of Ely. Value
£830. Patron, the Rev. J. ilarryn. Abbot Reeve, or
John de Melford, and Bishop Joliiison, were natives.
MELIDEN, a township and a parish in the district "f
St. Asaph and county of Flint. The township lies on
the coast and on the Chester and Holylicad railwav, 2
miles SW of Prestat\-n r. station, and 4i N by E of' St.
A.saph. The parish contains also the townships of Xai.t
and Prestatyn, the latter of whi-.li has a post-olhi.e
under Rhyh Acres, 4,722; of which 3,115 are water.
Real property, £12,920; of which £9,452 are iu niiiie.<.
Pop., 1,250. Houses, 292. The property is divid.d
among a few. Xaut was a scat of the Conwavs; and
Prestatyn had fo:-uiprly a castle. The living is a. vicar-
age in the diocese of St. Asaj.h. Vdue, £183.* ^Patron,
the Bishop of St. Asaph. The chuieh is good. 'Hie
vicarage of I're.statyn is a sep.irate benefice. Boucherv's
charity for four clergymen jields £75 a year.
^lELIN, a Celtic word signifying "a mill," and used
in topogr.iphical nomenclature.
MELIN-AliBEV, a seat in Liajnihangel-Lhntan:aTii '
parish, Monmouth; on the river Afon-LIwyd, 3i miles
i\ of Xewfiort. It was partly built out of the lem:.iiis
of a Cistertian abbey.
JIELIN-CRYTHAU, a place ..f copper works and
collieries, 1 mile E of Neath, in Glamorgan.
MEEIX-CWUT, a place in the X of Glamorgan; on
the river Cleddau, 5^ miles XK of Xcath. A fall of 50
feet on the river is here.
MELIX-DWR, a township iu Llaubadaru-fawr parish,
Cardigan; on the river Kheid L near Abervstwi:h.
Acre.--, 6,677- Real property, £2,790; of which fl.029
MIDLINE.
309
MELLION (Sr.).
nn- -.n iuin«. P.-p. ia 1S51, 1,151 ; iu 1S61, 1,311.
ilELINE, a parish in the district of Cai(lig;in and
cot:atY of P-rnibsoke; on the river Nevein, under Precelly
mouritaia, 6i miles SW by S of Caidigjin r. station.
Po5i-tovm, Cardig-m. Acres, 4, 5-2.3. Ileal piopcrty,
£1,=33. Pop., 4H. Hovises, 103. The piopert>' is
lEU-h sTjb"lividet.L Au ancient camp is at Pcnnylienglog.
TL-r livin^' U a rector;- in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £14''>. Patron, the Rev. D. Protheroe. The church
wa- reVuilt in 15oo; is in the decorated English style,
of lo-.'al itone vrith Bath stone dressings; and consists of
njve aE'i apsidd chancel, with W bell-gable.
MELIX-GKYFFYTH, a place of tin-plate works in
ni^siorgaa: on the river Tatf, near Carditf. The works
b-.-lcog to T. \V. B. Blakemore, Estj. ; and his residence,
cai!"i V-?!inlr,i, is adjacent.
MELIXIOCi-FACH and ilEUSioo-F.uvR, two town-
ships in Lbniainttfraid parish, ^Montgomery; near Llan-
fv;;"in. Pop., 104 and 11 -t.
■ MELiy-VELINDRE, a waterfall in the S of Mont-
gCKcry : benveen Llanidloes and Plinlimmoii.
MELKINTHOEPE, a townshi]) in Lowther parish,
■Wrttnioreiand ; on the river Leathe, near the Lancaster
and Carlisle railwav, 6i miles N of Shap. Real property,
£496. Pop.. 99. '
MELKRIDGE, a township in Haltwhistle parish,
>«orthunjberIand; on the South T3nio river and on the
CV'isle and Newcastle railway, 2 miles S of the Roman
wA 2nd 2 E of Haltwhiitle. Acres, 4,451. Pop., 299.
llousrt, 59. The manor belongs to Sir Edward Blackett,
Bart. The Roman camp of W'liitchester is here.
ilELKSHAil, a town, aparish, asub-district, adistrict,
and a hundred, iu Vv'ilts. The town stands on the river
Avon, and on the TVOts and Berks canal, adjacent to the
"Wilti, S-Dmerset, and AVe\-mouth railway, 9^ miles E by S
of Bath; was anciently surrounded by a forest of its own
naii?, a favowite hunting-ground of Edward I.; was an
tEp-jrtant place in the >onnan times, and in those of
Diwapd L and John ; declined so much at a later period
ii to have escaped the notice of Lelaud in his description
of its neigh b.3urhood; rose again to importance as a seat
of laanrJacture; underwent some decline after the intro-
ducrinn of railways ; consists chiefly of one long street,
iire^jlarly aligned, but mostly well built; is a seat of
petty sessions and county courts, and a polling-place;
and has a head post-otfice,; a railway station with tele-
grai.h, a laakin^-otfice, two chief inns, a town-hall and
chet^-market, a four-arched bridge, a church, four dis-
sectis'' chapels, national and Brilisli schools, and a
literary institution. The town-hall and cheese-market
Wis biiilT; iu 1847, at a cost of £3,350; and is in the
Ilaliaa stvle, of white freestone. The church is a large
cruciform structure, partly of tlie 12th century; has an
en.'-atiied and pinnacled tower, rising from the W end;
ino'.iides rwo side chapels; was restored and enlarged iu
li45, at a cost of £2,000; and contains monuments of
the Awdrj-3, the Jenkinses, and others. The dissenting
ciiil'tls are for Independents, Baptists, Quakers, and
Weilevar.s. Two mineral springs, respectively saline
aiid chdlywate, were dL>covered near the town iu the
ia-rt cenran'; a new saline spring was obtained, at a
d--pth of 351 f--et, iu 1316; and a bath and pump-room,
\i iih a crescent and promenade, was subsequently erected,
a: considerible cost, in e.xpcctation of making the town
a watering-place; but it proved a failure. A cattle
ai.d cheese market is held on everj' alternate Tuesday;
and a cattle-fair, on 27 July. The manufacture of faucy-
cli'-a and sacking is carried on; and there is a lar'^e com-
mit. Pop. in 1S51, 2,9.>1; in 1S61, 2.452. llouses,
■ 577. The de<-Te.v.«! of jiop. was caused by diminished
en^idovment iu tbt; clothing and dyeing factories.
The' parish includes al.-,n tlio tythings of Beanacrc,
B'.ickm-ir*, Cannonliold, ami Woodrow, and th<' chapelry
of .^--end. Acres, I2,572. Real propertj-, i;3.S,67S; of
w^'' -h £5,000 .ire in mines, and £196 in g^is-works. Pop.
in n51. 6,073; in 1S61, 5.337. House.s, 1.229. Tlie
Kar.or 1>'?ionged anciently to King Harold, and belongs
Cj".v t'j Riclwri Long, Lvi. Beanacre was the scut of the
Selfs; Seend, of the Awdiys; and Melksham House, rf
the Longs. The living is a vicarage, united with the
chapelrics of Seond and Earl Stoke, in the diocese ot
Salisbury. Value, £1,215.* Patrons, the Dean and Chap-
ter of Salisbury. The vicarage of Shaw and NVhitley is a
.separate benefice. The sub-district contains also the
liarish of Wluiddon, the chapelry of Semington, and the
tything of Littleton. Acres, "l4,24S. Pop. in 1S51,
6,071; in ISCl, 5.,S66. Houses, 1,304.— The district
comprehends also the sub-district of Trowbridge, con-
taining the parishes of Trowbridge and Hilperton. Acres
of the district, 17,763. Poor-rates in 1S63, £10,424
Pop. in 1851, 18,815; in 1861, 17,233. Houses, 3,835.
Marriages in 1863, 115; births, 550,— of which 24 wer-j
illegitimate; deaths, 470, — of which 183 were at agea
under 5 years, and 15 at ages above 85. Marriages in
the ten years 1851-60, 1,286; births, 5,584; deaths,
3,931. The places of worship, in 1851, were 9 of the
Church of K.ngland, with 2,469 sittings; 2 of Independ-
ents, with 1,289 s. ; 12 of Baptists, with 5,340 s.; 1 of
Quakera, with 100 s. ; 1 of Unitarians, with 100 s. ; 9 of
Wesleyan Methodists, with 2,056 s.; 3 of Primitive Me-
thodists, with 280 s. ; and 1 of Latter Day Saints, with
300 s. The schools were 14 public day-schools, with
1,950 scholars; 31 private day-schools, with 754 s. ; 27
Sunday schools, with 3,605 s.; and 1 evening school for
adults, with 46 s. The workhouse is in Semington
chapelry, about 2 miles from the town ; and, at the
census of 1861, had 160 inmates. — The hundred contains
si.x parishes, and part of another. Acres, 21,402. Pop.
in 1851, 19,252; in 1861, 17,696. Houses, 3,069.
JIELLBKEAK. See Crummock-AVatei;.
MELL-FELL, a mountain, about 1,200 feet high, iu
Cumberland; 7 miles ENE of Keswick. It ha.s a
moundish outline, and is planted aU over with larch.
MELLIKG, a village, a township, and a parish in the
district and county of Lancaster. The village stands
near the Furness and Midland railway, 2 niHes NNE of
Hornby; and has a r. station. The township bears the
name of Melling and Wrayton, and comprises 1,120
acres. Real property, £1,618. Pop., 169. Houses,
35. The parish contains also the township of Hornby,
which has a post-office under Lancaster, and the town-
ships of Farlcton, Roeburndale, Wennington, Wray-with-
Botton, and Arkholnie-with-Cawood. Acres, 23,474.
Real property, £18,046; of which £40 are in mines, and
£60 in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 2,204; in 1861, 2,013.
Houses, 393. The property is subdivided. Much of
the land, with Homby Castle, belongs to John Foster,
E-rq. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Jlan-
chester. Value, £145.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor.
The church is early perpendicular English; includes a
chantry at the E ejid of the S aisle; has ten stained-glass
windows; and was repaired in 1855. The chapelries of
Hornby, Arkholme, and AVray are separate benefices.
Chapels for Wesleyans and United Free Methodi.^ts are
in Wray ; a Roman Catholic chapel is in Hornby; and a
slightly endowed school and charities £67 are in ilelling.
MELLING, a township-chapelry in Halsall parish,
Lancasliire; on the Leeds and Liverpool canal, adjacent
to the river Alt, and to the East Lancashire railway, 1
mile SE of Maghull r. station, and 7 NNE of L.verpool.
It has apostal letter-box under Liverpool. Acres, 2,120.
Real property, £5,430; of which £100 are in quarries.
Pop. in 1851, 662; iu 1861, 728. Houses, 126. The
chief landowners are Lord Skelmersdale, the Earl of
Derby, and T. W. Blundell, Esq. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of Chester. Value, £120.* Pa-
tron, the Rector of Halsall. The church was rebuilt in
183 J; is in the pointed style; and contains several hand-
some tablets. There are a national .school, with £25
a-yoar from endowment, and a Roman Catholic school.
'MELLINGTON, a township in Church-Stoke parish, ■
Montgomeryshire; 3.} miles SE of Montgomery. Pop.,
201. Mellington Hall is a chief re.iidiucc.
MELLION (St.), a viUago a.nd a parish in St. Ger-
mans district, Cornwall. The village stands 2 miles W
of the river Tamar at tl:e boundary with Devon, 3 .SSE
of Calliiigtoii, and 5] NVr' of Siltash r. station; and his
MEL LIS.
ilELMERBY.
31 pcst-office, designated St. IMellion, Corn'wall. The
parish comprises 2,985 acres. Real propeitr, £1,775.
Pop., 299. Houses, 64. The property is divided amoii"
a few. Newton House belonged to the Ferrers; passed
to the Cor3-tou3 and the Hallyans; and belongs now to E.
Collins, Esq. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Exeter. Value, £232.* Patron, A. Coryton, Esq. The
church is later English; was restored in 1S62, at a cost
of more than £1,000; and contnins some curious effigies
and armours of the Corytons of the 15th century.
MELLIS, a village and a parish in Hartismere dis-
trict, Suffolk. The village stands round a large green,
traversed by the Great Eastern railway, 1| mile AV
of the Eoman road to Norwich, and 3i W of Eye; and
has a station on the railway, and a post-olBi:e under
Scole. The parish comprises 1,344 acres. Pieal pro-
perty, £2,503. Pop., 598. Houses, 119. The property
is divided chiefly among six. The manor of St. John's
belongs to G. H. Wilson, Esq. ; and that of Pountney
Hall, to Lord Henniker. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of Nonvich. Value, £148.* Patr-on, the Lord
Chancellor. The church dates from about the end of the
13th centui-y; lost its tower about 1736; underwent in-
ternal restoration in 1859, but without re-erection of the
tower; and contains a fine octagonal font, and monuments
of the Yaxleys and the Clarkes. There are a Wesleyan
chapel and a parochial school.
' MELLISHES-BOTTOJr, an extra-parcchiid tract in
Fareham district, Hants; conjoined with AVickham-For-
est, Z\ miles N of Fareham.
MELLOXS (St.), a -village and a parish in the district
of Cardiff and county of iloumouth. The village stands
near the river Eomne}' at the boundary \\"ith Glamorgan,
2} miles W by S of Marshtield r. station, and 4^ NE by
N of Cardiff; and has a post-ofTice under CardilT. The
parish comprises 2,574 acres. Peal property, £4,340.
Pop., 688. Houses, 137. The property is much di-
vided. Th^ living is a vicarage, united with the vicar-
age of Llanedam, in the diocese of Llandaff. Value,
£160.* Patron, alternately the Bishop of Llandaflf and
the Dean and Chapter of Llandaff. The church is an-
cient but good. Charities, £15.
MELLOE, a village, a township, and a chapelry in
Glossop parish, Derby. The village stands near the river
Goyt at the boundary with Cheshire, 1| mile ESE of
JIarple-Bridge r. station, and 6 E by S of Stockport;
and has a post-office under Stockport. The township
oomjirises 2,352 acres. Eeal property, i'6, 947; of which
£120 are in mines. Pop., 1,733. Houses, 341. The
manor belongs to the Duke of Devonshire. — The chapeliy
is more extensive than the township, and was conitituted
in 1838. Pop., 3,373. Houses, 687. Tire property- is
much subdivided. There are cotton mills, bleaching-
works, and collieries. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of Lichfield. Value, £123. Patron, the Eev.
T. M. Freeman. The church stands on a commanding
site, with extensive views; and is a veiy plain building,
with an old tower. There are chapels for Independents,
Primitive Jlethodists, United Free Jlethodists, and Eo-
man Catholics, and an endowed school with £25 a-year.
JIELLOE, a village, a township, a chapelrj', aiul a
sub-district, in Blackburn parish and district, Lanca-
shire. The village stands 24 miles NW of Blackburn r.
station.— The township contains also part of the hamlet
of Mellor-Brook, which has a post-office under Black-
burn. Acres, 1,830. Eeal propertv, £4,0SO. Pop. in
1851, 1,668; in 1861, 1,398. Hoiises, 2SS. The de-
crease of pop. was caused by the removal of families to
Blackburn. The manor belongs to the representatives
of the late J. F. Hindle, Esq. Mellor House is the scat
of H. Hargreaves, Es(]. Slellor-JIoor has traces of a Eo-
nnn camp, and commands a fine view to the Irish sea.
Tliere are stone quarries and some nuncral springs. A
cotton mill is at ^I'-llor-Brnok, and hand-loom weaving
is carried on. — The chapelry includes also the township
of Eamsgrave, and was constituted in 1S42. Pop.,
1,718. Houses, 351. The manor of Eani.sgrave be-
longs to Lord de Tabley. The living is a p. curacy in
the diocese of Manchester. Value, £150. * Patron, the
Vicar of Blackburn. The church wai built in 1S29, at a
cost of £5,275; is in the pointed stylo; and consists of
nave, aisles, and chancel, with tov.-er and lofty spire.
There are a Weslcyan chapel and a national school. — Tlia
sub-district contains also the townships of Balderstone,
Osbaldeston, and CIa\-ton-in-le-Dale. Acres, 6,227.
Pop., 2,8(33. Houses,'577.
MELLOR-BROOK, a hamlet in Mellor and Balder-
stone townships, Blackburn parish, Lsncasldre; 3 miles
NW of Blackburn. It has a post-ofSce under Black-
burn, and a cotton mill.
MELLS. a village and a parish in Frome district, So-
merset. The village stands in a valley 3.^ miles WNW
of Frome r. stuticm; is a large place; and has a post-
office under Frome, and fairs on the second Mondaj' after
AVhit-JIonday and on 29 Sept. The parish contains
also the hamlet of Vobster. Acres, 3,611. Eeal pro-
perty, £7,184; of which £960 are in mines, and £120 in
iron-works. Pop. in 1851, 1,186; in 1S61, 972. Houses,
222. The decrease of pop. was caused by a regulation
which does not allow more than one fiimily to occupy a
cottage. The property is divided among a few. The
manor, Mells Park, and much of the land belong to tho
Eev. J. S. H. Horner. The rocks include coal, pipe-clay,
fuller's-earth, lead ore, and manganese. Coal is worked;
brick-niakuig and lime-burning are earned on; and the
manufacture of agricultural edge tools, long famous for
their superior quality, is conducted in two factories.
There are remains of several ancient camps. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of Bath and Wells. Value,
£630.* Patron, the Eev. J. S. K. Horner. The church
is later English; consists of nave, aisles, and chancel,
with pinnacled tower; and has very fine painted win-
dows. The vicarage of Vobster, with Leigh-upon-ilcn-
dip, is a separate benefice. There -.re a AVeslcyan chajicl,
a Church school, and parish lands £75.
5IELLS, a hamlet in Wenhastnn parish, Suffolk; oa
the river Blyth, 2 miles ESE of ll.alcWcrth. Eeal pro-
perty, £1,345. Pop., 123. There are ruins of an an-
cient chajiel.
MELLS AND LEIGH, a liberty in Somerset, com-
prising the parishes of Mells and Lt:gh-on-Mendip.
MELLTE (The), a river of Brecon and Glamorgan.
It rises in two headstreams, called the Llia and the
Dringartli, near Fan-Llia and Fau-Dringarth, under
the Brecknock Beacons; ntns about 10 miles south-
ward, past Ystradyfellte, to a coniluence with tho
Hepste at Kilhepste; and combines with that stream,
and with the Sychihyd, to form the river Neath. It;
passes, near Ystradyfellte, through a ven" curious cavern,
called Porthyr-Ogof, about 40 feet high, 20 feet wide,
and 1,800 feet long; and is rejoined, at the middle of
the cavern, by a portion of its water which had disap-
peared near Ystradyfellte church, and flowed under-
ground to the cavern. It also, at Chnig^vyn, makes a
very beautifid fall, amid precipitous rocks, so close as to
prevent all approach from below ; and it likewise makes
two other falls further down th.-in Cl;.-ngwyn.
MELLWATEE, a hamlet in Bovves township and
parish, N. E. Yoikshiie; 4\ miles S"\\' of Barnard-
Castle.
MELMEEBY, a village and a parish in Penrith dis-
trict, Cumberland. The village stands under the Cross-
fell range of mountains, 3i miles NE of Langwathly,
and SJ NE of Penrith r. station ; was formerly a market-
town; and has a post-office under Penrith, and fairs ou
22 April and 28 Sept. The parish oomi'rises 4,406 acres.
Eeal property, £2,499. Pop., 307. Houses, 58. The
property is much suWivided. The manor and much of
the land belong to the Eev. Jehu Hall. Melmerby
Hall is an ancient and chief re-idence. About 2,310
acres an unenclosed hill, or common. Mdnierby fell has
an altitude of 2,330 feet; and is crcssrd, near the sum-
mit, by tlie Maiden way. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of Carlisle. Value, £200.* Patron, the Eiv.
John Hall. The church is a red freestone edifice, with
a tower; was restored in 1849; and contains several an*
cient rnonunient.s. There is an endowed school.
ilELilEEBY, a townshi}) in Coverhani parish. N. R.
MELMERBY.
311
MELTON ;Hii;ii).
Yorlohlre; near the river Cover, 4| miles SW of Liy-
Dum r. s:ariou. Acres, 1,153. lieal property, jESoO.
IVp., 1-23. Ho'ises, 25.
3IELMEKBY, .-» toNrnship in Wntli parish, N. 11.
Yorl-Lshire: oa the Xonlieastem railway, at the junction
of the lirancb to yonhallerToa, 3i miles N by E of lli-
1.0E. It Lii a station with telegraph at the railway
jui;..t:oii. Acres, 1,109. Eeal propeily, £2,241. Pop.,
. 2 jo. Houses, TO.
MELPLASH, a tything in Xetherbury parish, and a
char-eiry y.artly also in Poorstock parish, Dorset. The
tythin;; lies 2j miles SSE of Beamiuster, auil 2^ NW of
IV.iritock r. station; and has a post-office under Biid-
|-ort. The chap^lry was constituted in 1S47. Pop. of
the Xetherbiirr portion, 422; of the Poorstock portion,
41 Houses, Sy and 10. The living is a viuirage in
the diocese of Salisbtiry. Value, £300.* Patron, the
BLshop of Salisbury. There is also a good parochial
scLool-hon=«.
3IELR05E HALL, a seat of the Duke of Sutherland
in the N of Surrey; near Wimbledon, and 7 miles S\V
of London. There is a post-oflice of ]MeLrose Hall under
Pntnev, London SW.
3IELSA. See Meaux. •
MEL";0!>CBY, a village and a parish in Eichmond dis-
trict, X. K. Y'orkshire. The village stands 54 miles N
by E of Eichmond, and 5.^ XNW of Scortou r. station;
and has a port-omce under Darlington. The parish
comprises 2,ooy acres. Eeal property, £3,973. Pop.,
471. Houses, 105. The property is nmch subdivided.
The mauor belongs to Me;>iri. Swan, Cloiigh, and Co. of
York. A Benedictine nimnery was founded here in the
tiiae of Henry IL, was destroyed before the Reformation,
and has left some traces. The living is a rectory in the
diccese of Ripon. Value, £S09.* Patron, Uuivei-sity
Collei'e. OxforL Tee church is ancient but good. There
are a'Weslevan ch.apel, an endowed school, and charities
£0. A i-ailway 6| milea long, to the Darlington and
Bamard-Castle line, was authorized in 1806.
JLELTHAM, a viLIage, a towiiship, a chapeby, and a
sub-district, in the jiarish of Alm'jndbury and district of
HuddersEehi, AV. E. Yorkshire. The village stands in
. a:x opea valley, under a moorland mountainous ridge, 3i
miles SW oi L'Xkwoc'd r. station, and 5 SW by S of
Jluddersfieid; is a plea^int place ; and has a post-officet
under Huddcrsfiell, and fairs on the first Saturday of
.A.pril and the Sarufliy after 11 Oct. The township
t.jiapriics 4,52i acres. Eeal propertv, £11,675; of which
£U'j are in mine>. Pop. in ls51, 3,"7o8; in 1S61, 4,046.
H'-iiLses, Tyo. The manor is divided among five. A
large proporriin of the land is moor. Coal is found; and
there are excellent building and tlug stones. Industry is
tarried on in several wx'llen mills, two large cotton mills,
dye-works, and an iron-foimi,lry. — The chapelry is loss
c.v.ensive than the town.slup. Pop., 3,456. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of Kipon. Value, £275.*
Patron, the Vicax of Almondbuiy. Tlie church was re-
built in 17S6; w.^s enlarged, and had a tower added in
ISJo; and is a jdiin stone structure. There are chapels
f'.r Baptists and \Ve.-iieyan3 and a handsome Church
M;hool erected in 1567. — The sub-district comprises the
to-.viisu;p3 of Mchham and South Croslaud. Acres,
6,0i.->. Pop., 6,54'''. Hoiis-s, 1,377.
3IELTHAM-.MILL.S, a village and a cbpeliy in Al-
Econdbury vari.;h. V.'. E. York.shire. The village stands
3 ft a mile E of ileltiiam, and 3 WSW of Jicrry-Brow r.
starlon. The chapvlry comprises parts of tin townships
of Meltham and Hor.lev, and was made parOv'-Lial in 1866.
E.ited proj"..-ty, £1,760. Pop., 1,196. Houses, 236.
Tl;e proj><-rty is divided among a few. There are exten-
sive cotton !:.ill5 and a large silk mill. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Ilipon. Value, £300.* Pa-
tron, C. Brook, Es-i. Tlie church was built in 1845; is
a h.ind.s'inie cruciform edifice, in the iiointcd style; and
ha.> a towL-r and sjlre. There are a national school and
an infant sci-o-l.
ilELTHV.'AlTE, a town-Lip in Trtnn parish, Cumber-
land; nc.ir \\';ist-wa;vr, 5'. iniks N1\E of Eavcnglass.
Pop.. 112.
MELTON, a village and a parish in Woodbridge dis-
trict, Sulfollc The village stands on the river Deben,
adjacent to the East Suflblk railway, 1^ mile NE of
Woodbridgo; is a large place; has a {lost-office under
Woodbridge, a station with telegraph on the railway, an
iron-foundry and machine-works, and fairs on the second
Tuesday of Sept., and the second Weibicsday after Jlicli-
aelmas ; and carries on a trade in corn, coals, and other
things on the river. The parish comprises 1,420 acres.
Real property, £5,131. Pop., 1,084. Houses, ISO.
The property is subdivided. The manor belongs to tha
Dean and Chapter of Ely. Melton Hall is the seat of J.
E. Wood, Esq. ; Melton Lodf'e, of J. Packc, Esq. ; Fox-
borough Hall, of C. Walford, Esq. ; Hill House, of Lieut.-
Col. F. W. Schreiber; Ft^-n Hill, of Capt. R. E'ouse; Re-
treat, of J. S. Dean, Esq. ; the Hermitage, of J. .Macquean,
Esq. ; the Red House, of Mrs. Day; ancl Wilford Lodge, of
Mrs. Bates. The county lunatic asylum stands about a
mile N of the village; was originally a house of industrj-
for the hundreds of Wilford and Loes ; was purchased in
1827 for the reception of pauper lunatics; and, at the
census of 1861, had 355 inmates. There are clay and '
sand pits, and brick-works. The li^-ing is a rectory in
the diocese of Norwich. Value, £347. Patrons, the
Dean and Chapter of Ely. The new church stands in
the centre of tne village; was built in 1868; and is in
the decorated English style, with tower and spire 100
feet high. The old church stands at a distance from the
village; coutains a triple-canopied brass of 1430; and has
been converted into a cemetery chapel. There are a
national school, and charities £48.
JIEf.,TON, a towuship-chapelry in Welton parish, E.
E. Yorkshire; near the Hull and Selby railway and the
Humber, 1| mile WNW of Ferriby r. station, and 8.^ W
of Hull. It has a post-office under Brough. Acres, 900.
Eeal property, £1,680. Pop., 175. Houses, 36. The
manor belongs to Mrs. E. Whitaker. There are brick
and tile works. The living is a vicarage, annexed to the
vicarage of Welton, in the diocese of York.
MELTON, W. E. Y'orkshire. See Meltos (High).
MELTONBY, a township-chapelry in Pocklingtoii
parish, E. E. Yorkshire; 2 miles NNW of Pocklingtoii
r. station. Post-town, Pocklington, under York. Acre.-,
710. Eeal property, with Yapham, £2,977. Pop., of
M. alone, 66. Houses, 12. The living is a p. curacy,
annexed to the vicarage of Pocklington, in the diocese of
York. The church serves also lor Yapham; and is a
small building, with a bell-turret.
MELTON-CONSTABLE, a parish in Erpingham dis-
trict, Norfolk; 5,^ miles SW by S of Holt, and 6 NE of
Ityburgh r. station. It includes the hamlet or quondam
parisli of Burgh-Parva ; and its post-town is Briston,
under Thetford. Acres, 2,710. Eeal property, £2,429.
Pop., 118. Houses, 19. The property belongs to Lord
Hastings. Tlie manor was given, by William the Con-
queror, to the Bishop of Thetford; was held, under the
Bishop, by Eoger de Lyons; continued to be held by his
descendants, who assumed the name of Jlealton, with
sometimes the affix of De Constable, in allusion to their
othco under the Bishop; and passed, several centuries
ago, to the Astlcys. Melton Hall is tho scat of Lord
Hastings; was built in 1680, by Sir J. Astley; is a
handsome square edifice of brick and stone, with four
fronts, and with an elegant interior; includes an ornate
domestic chapel; and stands in a fine park, about 4 miles
in circuit, containing a tower which commands a charm-
ing view of the surrounding country to the sea. A small
house of industry stands within the parish; serves, iiiider
Gilbert's act, for Melton-Constable and Brinton; and, at
the census of 1861, had 9 inmates. The living is a rec-
tory, united with the rectory of Burgh-l'arva, in the dio-
cese of Norwich. Value, £219. Patron, Lord Hirstings.
The church consists of nave and chancel, with a central
tower.
ilELTON (Gueat). See JIklton-Magxa.
.MEI/rON (llicii), a i.arish in Doncaster district, W.
Pi. Yurk.sliirc; 2 miles N of Conisbrough r. station, aiul
4,|, WSW of DdiuMstiT. Post-town, Doncasror. .\cics,
1,464. Ec.dprcq.crtv, £1,482. Pop., 109. Houses 22,
MEr,T0N-5[AGXA.
312
SIEI-TON-ROSS.
Tlie propeity belongs to A. F. AV. J[oiUa-.i, Esq. Mel-
ton Hall is Mr. JI.'s seat; contains fine jmiiituigs of the
Fanritaynes, the Wilsons, and the Mouta^'iis ; coniniantls
ail extensive prospect; and is situated in a well-wooded
\>;irk. The Ciilf commands a very exten>;i."e and charm-
in,' view, inclnding liotherhani and .SheS:eld. The liv-
ing is a vicnni^'e in the diocese of York. Value, £97.
r.itron, A. F. \V. Montagu, "Esq. The church is ancient
and of different periods, from Norman liownward; con-
sists of nave, S aisle, aud chancel, with a tower; and
contains monuments of the Fountaynes aud the Wilsons.
MELTON (LrrTLE). See Melto.n-P.vf.va.
MELTOX-MAGNA, a parish, with a village, in Hen-
stciid district, Norfolk; near the river Yare. 2'1 miles NW
of Hethersctt r. station, and 4 NE by N of Wymondham.
Tiist-town, Wymondham. Acres, 2,43.5. Eeal property,
i'4,213. Pop.,36S. Houi3es,78. The manor. Melton Hall,
and most of the laud, belong to the Kev. H. E. Lombe.
The present parish comprises two ancient parishes, M. -
St. Mary and JI.-AU Saints, consolidated ia the time of
Queen Anne. The living is a rectory in rhe diocese of
NoiTvich. Value, £753.* Patron, Caius College, Cam-
bridge. The church of St. Mary is later English; and
consists of nave and chancel, with S poroh and small
tower. The church of All Saints is a ruin, and has a
lino ivy-clad tower. There is a village school.
MELTON-MOWBRAY', a town, a township, a par-
ish, a sub-district, ami a district, in Leice-stei-shire.
The town stands in a fine vale, on the river Eye, and
on the Systou and Peterborough railway, 15 miles NE
of Leicester. It was known at Dome.sday, as Medel-
tuue ; it takes its present name from corription of that
word, and from the Mowbray family who once held the
manor; it sent members to parliament in the time of
E'iward III.; it was the scene of an action, in 1G45,
when thj parliamentarians under Col. Rossiter were
beaten by the royalists under Sir JI. Ea;:5dale; and it
luimbei-s, among eminent natives, Cishop de Kirkby,
Archbishop de ilelton, and the orator Henle}-. It is
well-built, and has, of late years, been niuch improved
and enlarged. It is a seat of petty sessions and county
coui-ts, and a polling-place; and "it has a head jio-st-
olKce.t a railway-station with telegraph, four banking-
olHces, several good inns, a police-station, a corn-ex-
change, three bridges, a church, three dissearing chapels,
a Koman Catholic chapel, a literary institution and
museum, three public schools, a workh-iose, a town-
>'.-tate yielding about £800 a-year, and charities £362.
The corn -exchange includes accommodation for the
petty sessions and county courts; and was estimated in
lSi36 to be then worth £3,500. The chup:h was once a
cell to Lewes abbey; is a cruciform edifice, 164 feet by
117, variously early, decorated, and later English, with
a handsome central early English tower; has a very pecu-
liar AV porch, with an elegant doorway, simnounted by
a niagniticcnt five-light window; has al^-j several fine
iiieniorial windows, passed into a state of much decay;
underwent considerable restoration between 1850 and
lSt)4; and was further restored, under the direction of G.
G. Scott, in 1867. The dissenting chnpels are Indepeu-
ilent, Wesleyan, and Primitive ilethodist. The Roman
C"atholic chapel is a handsome edifice in the pointed
stvlc, after designs by Pugin. Two of the public
schools are Church and British, maintained out of the
town estate, and free to all children of the parish. The
third public school is an infant one, built :n 1853, capa-
ble of receiving 200 children, and supported by subscrip-
tion. The workhouse has capacity for 250 persons; and, '
:itthe census of 1S61, had 132 inmates. The charities
iriclude au hospital for twelve persons, and an alnis-
i: mse for si.x. A weekly market is htli on Tuesday;
' drs are heM on the ilouday aud Tue^.iay after 17
'.inuary, the second Tuesday of April, V.'hit-Tuesday,
•-1 Aug., 29 Sept., and 24 Oct.; and a tr.-de in Stilton
I iieese ami pork pies is carried on. ."^tilton cheese,
tiiough taking name from Stilton ia Hiuiis, was first
iMade in Melton. Pork pies are made to the amount of
alwut twij tons a-week ; and tie greater ;.<rtioii of them
!.■» sent to I^ondoii, Manchester, and Lefii. A famous
subscription hunt lakes name from Jleltoii; commences
early in November, and closes with the Croxton-Park
races, about the end of JIarch or beginning of April; is
frequented by the leading sportsmen from all quarters of
the kingdom ; and is accommodated with extensive
stables, capable of holding 500 horses. Pop., of the town
in 1861, 4,047. Houses, 890. '
The township extends beyond the town ; and, with
Welby chapeliv, compiises 5,680 acres. Real propertv
exclusive of Welby, £20,503; of which £146 are in the
canal, and £240 in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 4,434- in
1861, 4,446. Houses, 942. The parish contains also
the cliapelries of Welby, Sysonby, Frceby, aud Burton-
Lazai-s. Acres, 10,206. Real propeitv, £30,433 Pou
in 1851, 4,956; in 1S61, 4,936. Houses, 1,039. Tha
manor of Melton was given, by WillLam the Con.iueior,
to Goisfrid de Wirce; pas.sed early to the Albinis, thy
ilowbrays, and others; and went aftenvards to' the
Hudsous and the Lambs. The manor of Welbv be-
longs to Sir W. E. Welby, Bart. ; and that of Freeby
to Sir John Ilartopp, Bart. Edgerton Lodge is a hunt-
ing-box of the Earl of Wilton; aud Newport Lodge, of
the Earl of Bradford. A priory anciently stood here"; and
was given, at the dissolution, to the Earl of Wanvick.
The living is a vicarage, united ^ith the four .Melton
chapelries, in the diocese of Peterborough. Value,
£6u0.* Patron, T. Frewen, Esq. There are chapels of
ease in Burton, Sysonby, Welby, and Frceby, and a
chapel for Independents in Freeby.
The sub-district excludes the chapelries of Freeby and
Burton-La^are, but includes the parLslies of Asfordby,
Hoby, Ragdale, Dalby-onthc-Wolds, Grim:>ton, and
Saxelby, the chapehy of Wartuaby, and the extra-
parochial tract of .Slioby. Acres, 17,900. Pop., 6,375.
Houses, 1,353.— The district comprehends also the' sub'
district of Somerby, containing the parishes of Sonierby
Pickwell, Little Dalbj", Burrough, Twyfor.l, Great Dalby)
Kirby-Bellars, Frisby-on-the- Wreak, Rotherbv, Brook's-
by, Gaddesby, and Ashby-FolviUe, and the JhaTielry of
liurtou-Lazars; the sub-district of Waltlmm, containin.^
the parishes of Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Thorpe- A rnoUC
Wyfordby, Stonesby, Saltby, Sproxton, Buckminstcr,
Custon, Gaithorpe, Saxby, Edmondthorpe, Wvmond-
ham, and Stapleford, the chapehy of Freeby, and the
extra-parochial tract of Bcscaby; aud the sub-district
of Clawson, containing the parishes of Clawson, Hose,
Harby, Stathcru, Eaton, Branston, Eastwell, Goadbv-
Marwood, Scalfoid, Abkettleby, Nether- Broughton, and
Broughton-Sulney— the last clcctorally in Notts— and
the chapelry of Wyconib and Chadwell. Acres, 98,077.
Poor-rates in 1863, £8,387. Pop. in 1851, 20 533- in
1361, 20,171. Houses, 4,289. Marriages in 1863, 110;
birth.?, 607,— of which 58 were illegitimate: deaths,
376,— of which 131 were at ages under 5 years, and 3 at
ages above 85. Marriages in the ten yciire 1851-60,
1,429 ; births, 6,366; deaths, 3,809. The places of wor-
ship, in 1851, were 55 of the Church of England, with
12,327 sittings; 3 of Independents, with 795 s. ; 4 of
Baptists, with 375 3.; 29 of Wesleyan Methodi.sts' with
4,447 s.; 8 of Primitive Methodists, with 670 s. ; 1 of
Wesleyan Reformers, with 40 s. ; 1 undefined, with 100 s. ;
aud 2 of Roman Catholics, with 260 s. The schools
were 34 public day-schools, with 2,422 scholars; i&
private day-schools, with 833 s. ; 69 Sunday .schools,
with 3,174's. ; audi evening school for adults,"with 20s'
MELTON-PARVA, a parish, with a village, in Hen-
stead district, Norfolk; near the river Yare, 2i mihs N
of Hethersett r. station, and 5 W by S 'of 'Norwich.
Post-town, Wymondham. Acres, 071. Real propertv,
£1,712. Pop., 370. Houses, 85. The propertv 'is
dn-ided among a few. Theinanor and much of the land
belong to F. B. Franks, Esq. The living is a vicanigo
in the diocese of Norwich. Value, £110.' Patron,
Emmanuel College, Cambridge. The church is a gool
thatched building; and consists of nave, aisle, ^and
chancel, with porch and tower. There arc a villa"*
school and charities .£13. °
-MELTUN-L'OSS, a parish in Glanf.ud-Brigg district,
Lincoln; adjacent to Barnetby r. station, 5 nides NE bj
5IEI,T0X (^\'^isr).
813
MEN'DHAM.
KofBri^';,'. Po.-.t-to\vn, B.iriietby, iituliT Uli.eliy. Acres,
1,755. ileal inop.-ity, £3,117. Pop., 163. Houses,
i;-2. The iiiaimr boloiijjeil formerly ti the Ross fauiily,
?iiil beloiifcs now to tho Karl of Yu.'iorough. There are
;\teiisive liiiiework^. The livinc i.s u vicarage, uniteil
(vith the chapilry of New narnet'iy, in the diocese of
J.iiicoln. Value, £-200* Patron, Earl ilauvers. The
ihurch is nioilern.
2HKLT0N' (W'kst), a vUhigo in Hranipton-nierlow
township, 'Wath-upon-Deanie parish, W. 1!. Yorkshire;
fi^ miles N of Eotherham. It is a large and pleasant
J. lace, and has a post-office under Kotherhani.
MELVEULE\, a parish, with a village, in Atcham
district, Salop ; on the river Vyriiwy, at its influx to the
Severn, at the boundary with Wale-;, 3 miles NNW of
AVestbury r. station, and 11 W by N of Shrewsbury.
I'ost-town, Kinnerlev, under Oswestrv. Acres, 1,418.
Heal property, ;£2,9i'6. Pop., 214. "Houses, 50. The
]'roperty is much subdivideil. The manor belongs to
Major Edwards. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of St. As;iph. Value £177. Patron, the Bishop of St.
Asaph. The church is an ancient structure of wood and
jdaster, with a bell-tun-et; and was recently in bad con-
dition. There are an Independent chapel, and chari-
lies £5.
MEIAVOOD, a hamlet in Owston parish, Lincoln; 2
';tu1cs SI'' of Epworth.
ilEMIJLAND, a hamlet in Holbeton parish, Devon;
near r)igbury bay, 6 miles S\V by W of Modburj'.
MemblanJ House belonged to the Hillersdons, the
Champernownes, and others; and passed to the Eev. Sir
P. Perring, Bart.
ML'MIJUI'vV, a village and a mrish in Axminster dis-
trict, Devon. The village stands near the river Yart^',
iiud near the boundary with Dorset, 3.J miles X by \V of
Axminster r. station; was ancientl3' called Maimburgh;
8iid has a post-office under Chard, and a fair on the
Wednesday after 9 Aug. The parish comprises 4,039
acres, lieal property, £5, .337. Pop., 751. Houses,
13(1. The property is much subdivided. The manor be-
longed to the C'ourteuays, and passed to the Drakes and
others. Yarty, now a farm-house, was the seat of the
Yarty family; AVaterhouse, anciently called Waters, was
the seat of the De la Water family; and both now belong
to S. Xewbcry, Esq. Jleinbury Castle is a well-pre-
served ancient British camp, of about 2 acres, on a hill.
1'he living is a p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage of
Axminster, in the diocese of Exeter. The church is
I'avtly early Englisli, partly decorated; was recently re-
stored; comprises nave, transept, and chancel; and con-
tain.s a fine monument to Sir S. Calmady. There are a
):ational school, and charities £5.
MEMllURY, a place in the NEof Wilts; 3i miles NE
of li'amsbury.
MENABILLY. See Fowev.
MEXACIJDDLE. See Austeli, (St.).
MENAI, a hundred in the SE of Anglesey; bounded,
along the SE, by part of Meuai strait, — on the SW by
Carnarvon bay; on the W by ilalltraeth sands and the
Cefni river; and containing Llanedwin parish, and four-
tien other (larishes. Acres, 37,3t>l. Pop. in 1S51,
S,7.>1: in ISol, S,068. Houses, 1,91-3.
MEXAI BIMDUE, a great suspension bridge over the
Menai strait, between Carnarvonsfiire and Anglesey; near
tiie jnuution of the Chester and Holyhead railway with
the Carnarvon railway, 1 mile NE of the Britannia
Bridge, and 1 W of Bangor. It is on the line of the
great Hrilyliead roail, formed by Telford; was contcm-
plateil in ISIO and following years, on designs which
provrd nM-iati--.r.ictory; and was constructed in ]S1S-2(J,
un a design by Telford, at a cost of £211,791. It stands
cn a spot called Ynysy moch, wliere bold roiky shores,
on both .^ides, gave opportunity for a lofty road-way.
Four arches o:i one side, and three on the other, each 52 J
feet in siian, and springing from a Indglit of ii5 feet, carry
the road to tlm suspenpHng piers. Tlie |)iers are 153 feet
high, stand 553 feet apart, and are forni'-il of hard lime-
stone ma.sor.ry. The supporting chaiin are 16 in num-
ber, an I each 1,715 feet long; tliey are fastened at ea-.h
end, into CO feet of rvk ; the)" pass over tiie top of thd
piers in cast-iron s.iddles on rollers; they have a leiigtii
of 579 feet between the piers, with a hanging fall of 43
feet; and they support a peinianent weight of 4S9 tons,
and are capalile of .supporting an additional weight of
1,520 tons. The roal-way is double, 23 feet broad, and
102 feet above high-water level; it consists of timber;
and it rests on iron joLsts, suspended by rods from the
chains, and [irotei ted at the sides by high iron-trellis-
work. A perceptiMe vibration is caused by the passage
of a vehicle, or even of a man on hoi-se-back; and the
road-way was so sliattered bj- a storm in Jan. 1839 as to
ivjuire much repair and strengthening; but the chains
have hitherto resisted all injury from any cause. The
total weight of theii jn-work is 2,186 ton.s. A large hotel
is near the bridge: a railway station is at the neigh-
bouring junction of railwa^-s; fairs are held in the vicin-
ity on 11 May, 27 July, IS Aug., 26 Sept., 24 Oct., and
14 Nov.; and there is a post-office designateil Jlenai-
Bridge, Anglesey.
MEN'AI STR.\1T, a belt of sea separat'ng Carnarvon-
shire from Anr;lesey. It was known to the Itomans aa
Meneviacum Fretnir..^to the Saxons as Maenige and
Maunie ; and its name signifies narrow waters. It ex-
tends from the head of the Lavan saniL> in the neigh-
bourhood of Beaumaris, 14 miles south-westward, to Car-
narvon bay at Aberaienai; and it varies in width from
200 yards to 2 miles. It is supposed to have been once
two bays or inlets, .separated by an isthmus around th^;
spot now overhung hy Jlenai-bridge. It is swept by two
tides, entering from its two ends, running sometimes
from 4 to 8 miles per hour, and rising about 20 feet ; and
it has a light at Trwyn-du Point. The navigation of it
is comparatively danjerous, both from the clashing of
the opposite tides, and from the existence of various
rocks; 3-et it possesses importance from the fact that
vessels can float qu'.trtly tlirough at periods when thu
wind entirely prevents them from sailing round bj- Holy-
head; and it is further important on account of com-
prising all the local commerce of Carnarvon harbour, to-
gether with that of s-ome small sub-ports. Ferries wen
the only means of crossing the strait, prior to the erec-
tion of the Menai and the Britannia bridges; and they
were so dangerous in stormy weather that no fewer than
ISO passengers b}' them were drowned between the year<!
1634 and 1842. Five ferries arc still in use; and, in
ordinary weather, are safe; while, in stormy weather,
they can be avoided by a circuit to the bridges. Well-
kept roads run along the greater part of both banks;
and villas, mansions, ami villages are so numerous as,
together with the town of Carnarvon, to give a large pro-
portion of the banks a highly peopled aspect. Tha
scenery also is softly and riciily beautiful ; and much of
it is embellished with wood, feathering down to ths
water's edge. The strait is notable for the passage across
it of Agi'icola, when the reign of the Dniids in Anglesey
was brought to an end ; and for a defeat sustained by tha
English in 1232.
MENAPIA. See David's (St.).
MENDHAM, a village in Hoxne district, Suffolk, and
a parish partly also in Norfolk. The village stands on
the river Waveney it the boundary with Norfolk, IJ
mile ESE of Harle^ton r. station ; and has a postal
letter-box under Har'.eston. The jiarishcampiises 3,144
acres. Ileal property of the Sullblk portion, £4,286.
Pop., 55S. Houses. Ijl. Keal projierty of the Norfolk
l)ortion, £1,963. Pop., 221. Houses, 49. There are
thiee manors, WaUham Hall, Mendham King's Hall,
and I'liory; and t!ie first belongs to W. S. Holmes,
Esip,— the 3"Cond and the third, to Sic Kobert S. Adair,
l?art. The priory is the residence of Capt. T. Wood
A Clnniae priory, a cell to Castle-Acre iu Norfolk, wa,
founded here, in the time of Stephen, by William, son
of Poger de Huutingtield; was given, at the dissolution,
to the Branilon.-,; and h.is left .some remains 'I'he liv-
ing is a vicarage i:i the diocese of Norwich. Value.
£122." Patron, the I.'ev. E. V.'. Whitaker. The church
is later I'.i.gli^h; co::sijts of nave, aisles, and chancel.
\\ita a towjr; and contains thiee good br;isses of the
2 i;
MENDIP HILLS.
314
MEOLSE (Ln-rLE;.
Freston family, and several mural monuments. There
are chapels for Independeuts and Wesleyaus, and a pMO-
chial school. . „ .
MENDIP HILLS, a ransro of hUls in Somerset; com-
mencing near the coast in the vicinity of ^\ eston-super-
mare, and extending about liO miles in the direction of
SE by E to the northern neighbourhood of Shepton-Mal-
let. It is well developed oyer a distance of ""b' ^Ij^^^t
12 miles ; and there it has a breadth of from 3 to 6 mile,
and lifts several summits to an altitude of upwards ot
1 000 feet above sea-level. It consists chiefly of moun-
tain Uraestone and old red sandstone; and in conse-
quence of the prevalence and the positions of the foimcr
rock it presents similar phenomena to those of the UerU}
hill':' particularly caverns, subterranean streams, and
veins of lead ore. Its sides, to a considerable extent, are
steep and rugged; and, at intervals, are scored by rocky
hoUows, or torn by romantic chasms. Its surface was
lon^ a royal forest, frequented by the Saxon and the
No?man kings for hunting ; but is now, in large degree,
enclosed and cultivated. Mines of lead and calamine
were worked in parts of it, chiefly within the parishes of
Eowbarrow, Shipham, and East Harptree, from the time
of the ancient Britons. A Koman road from Old Sarum
to the Bristol Channel went along its summit; and many
barrows are still upon its heights Mendip Lodge, on
one of its slopes, 7 miles NE by N of Axbnd^e is the
seat of T. Somers, Esq.; was frequently visited by IMrs
Siddons; stands beautifully embosomed in woods; and
has gi-ounds containing terrace walks with delignttul
views, and no fewer than fifty-two grottoes.
MEXULESHAM, a village, a parish, and a sub-ms-
trict in Hartismere district, Suffolk. The village stands
on clav soil, 3i miles SE of Finuingham r. station,
and 5 \'W by W of Debenham; consists of two streets,
indiflerentlv built; was once a market-town; and lias a
post-office under Stoneham, a police station and a farr on
9 Oct Tlie parish contains also the hamlet of MemUes-
ham-Green, distant about U mile from the village.
Acres, 3,944. Real property, £7,513. Pop. in 18ol,
1 44-^' in 1861, 1,316. Houses, 293. The propevtj- is
subdivided. The manor belongs to C. Tyrell, Esq. A
silver ciw™, weighing 60 ounces, and supposed to have
belonged to a king of East Anglia, was exhumed about
the end of the 17th century. A runic gold ring also was
found. The Uving is a vican-.ge in the cbocese ot Nor-
wich Value, £584.* Patron, E. White, Esq. Ihe
church was given by AVilliam Rufiis to Battle abbey;
includes some Norman arches; consists of nave, aisles,
and chancel, with lofty tower; and was restored in
1864-6 There are chapels for Independeuts and Bap-
tists a national school, an endowed grammar school Vith
£4d'a-year, and charities £290.— The sub-district con-
tains also ten other parishes. Acres, 20,092. Pop.,
5,830. Houses, 1,271. „ .^ „ >. .,
MENEAGE, the portion of the S of Cornwall from tlie
Lizard northward to Helford river and Looe-pool.
MENEGWINS, a hamlet in Gorran parish, Comwail;
5\ mil-s SE of Tregony.
MEXETHORPE. See MF.SNEXHOnrE.
MENEVIA. See David's (St.).
MEXEVIACUM FKETUM. See JIen.u Strait. _
3kIEXGHAM, a place in Hayling Island, Hants; ii
nnlfcs S of Havant.
ilENHEXIOT, or Menuynxet, a village and a par-
ish in Liskeard district, Coniwall. The village stands
near the river Seatou and tlie CornwaU railway, 21 miles
ESE of Liskeard; and has a station with telegi-aph on
the railwav, a post-oflicc under Liskeard, and fairs on
23 April, il June, and 28 July. The parish compnses
6,997 acres. Real property, £18,852; of which .tJ.m
are in mines, and £50 in quarries. Pop. in ISol, 1,944,
ill 1361 2,423. Houses, 433. The increase of pop.
arose from extensive mining operations. The property
is much subdivided. Tlie manor belonged anciently to
the Carminows, passed to the Trelawneys, and belongs
row to E. Hambly, Esq. A long deserted mansion of
the Trelawneys is at Poole; and was used, for many }-ears,
its a poor-house. A seat of Richard, Lail ot Cornwall,
was at Toncreek. There once was a lc)>ers' hospitaL
Tlie rocks include schist, serpentine, and lead and tin
ores. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Exeter.
Value, £S00. Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Exe-
ter. The church is-later English, has a tower and spire,
and was reccutlv restoreil and enlarged. There arc a
national school at the village, with iS a-year from en-
dowment, and another national school at Jleirymeet.
AVilliani of "Wvkeham, Moorman who fust substituted
En^li^h for Cornish in the chiirch-seivice, and llolwell
CaiT, who gave his pictures to the national galleiy, were
vicars. ,-.,,- ^ • i
MEXXETHORPE, a township in \\ estow parish,
^' R. Yorkshire; on the river Derwent and the Scarbor-
ough railwav, 3 miles SSW of New Malton. Real pro-
perty, £75 4^ Pop., 124. Houses, 29.
MEXSTHORPE, a hamlet in North Elmsall town-
ship, South KLrkby parish, W. R. Yorkshire; adjacent
to North ElmsaU village. .
ilEXSTOXE, a township, with a villap;e, -m Otley
parish "\V E. Yorksliii-e; under Rumbolds-Moor, 3
miles 'SAV of Otlev. Acres, 1,132. Real property,
A'' 017. Pop. in li51, 449; iu 1861, 318. Houses, 70.
The decrease of pop. was caused by the substitution of
machine-combing for hand-combing in worsted factories.
The manor belongs to F. H. Fawkes, Esq. There are a
room usnd for church service and a Wesleyau chapel.
MEXTHOIiPE-WITH-BOWTHORPE, a township
in Hemingbrough palish, E. R. Yorkshire; on the river
Derwent, near Meuthorpe-Gate r. station, 5 miles EM',
of Sclby. Acres, 990. Real property, £1,528. Pop.,
69. Houses, 12. . . ^ r,
MEXTHORPE-GATE, a railwav station in E. ii.
Yorkshire; on the Selby and Market-Weighton railway,
4i miles EXE of Selby. ,■ . ■ ^
ilEXTMORE, a village and a pansh m the district
of Lei"hton-Bu22aid and county of Buckingham. 'Ihe
village stands near the Northwestern roilway, 1.^ mile
XNE of the boundan- with Herts, If SW of the bound-
ary with Beds, 1' XX\V of Cheddingtou Junction r. sta-
tion and 4 SSW of Leighton-Biuzard; and has a post-
office under Leighton-Buzzard. The parish contams
also the hamlet of Ledburn, and comprises 1,240 acres.
Real property, £2,498. Pop., 399. Hou-ses, 70 Iho
property is divided among a few. Wentmore Powers
and much of the laud belong to Baron de Kotlischild.
The Towers stands to the W of the village, commanding
an extensive view of the vale of Aylesbury; is a splendid
mansion iu the Italian style, of Ancaster stone, after
desic'ns bv Sir Joseph I'axton and G. H. Stokes; and
contlins a fine collection of Majolica ware. Baron de
Rothschild's stag hounds are kennelled here. Ihe liv-
in" is a vicarage in the diocese of Oxford. A'alue, £200.
Pa°tron, Baron de RuthschUd. The church is decorated
and later English, in good condition. A Baptist chapel
is at Ledburn ; and the parish shares in Pratt s chanty.
MENUPTOX, or Maxuttox, a township in Cluii
parish" Salop; 5i miies S of Bishops-Castle. Pop., 39.
MEXWITH-WITII-DARLEY, a township m Hamps-
thwait'e parish, W. R. Yorkshire; on the river Xuld
4t miles SSE of Pateley-Bridge. Acres, 2,480. P^eal
propevtv, £3,178. Pop.. 650. Houses, l^?- ^ Th<3
m.auor belongs to the Duke of Devoushiic. Ihe church
of Thornthwaite chapelry is here; and there are chapels
for Quakers, Wesleyaus, and Primitive Methodists, an
endowed school with £40 a-year, and charities £15.
MEOLE-BR.\C£. See Brace-Meole.
MEOLSE, a railway station in Cheshire; on the Hoy-
lake railwav, 1 mile E of Hoylake.
JIEOLSE (Grlat^, a township in Vk est Kirby parisli,
Cheshire- on the coajt, and on the Hoylake railway, at
Meolse r. station, 6i miles AV by X of Birkeuhc^id.
Acres, 3,883 ; of which 3,200 are foreshore -water. Keal
propeitv, £883. Pop., 184. Houses 34.
MEJL.^E (Little), a township in A\ est Kirby parish,
Cheshire- on the coast, near Hovlake r. station, Si mile.s
W of Biikenhead. Acres, 19,926; of wliich 19,275 are
fore.=hore-water. Real property, £1,000. Pop., Ibf).
Houses, 32.
MEOLS (Nor.Tii).
315
JIEPrERSIIALL.
JIPi'^LS ^N'or.TiP. a \-illa:;e, a township, a sub-dis-
tri .:, anJ a parish ia Omiskirk district, Lancashire.
The v;lh:,'e sMnds on a rimlet, 1 mile from the coast,
aul "; .NE of .'^outhport r. station; bears the name of
Cliarchtunn; and has a post-office of that name under
Soutliport, and a fair ou the Jlomhiy and Tue.?da3' after
20 Aug. — The townsliip contains also the town of South-
TOrt, and the. hamlets of Southaws, H;i,wside, Little
Lf-fi-.n, Higher Blowick, Lower Bluwick, Rowe-Lane,
Marsbside, Crossens, and Banks. Acres, 18,871; of
wLich 10,505 are foreshore - water. IJeal property,
£i?,l-2o. Pop. in 1S51, 8,694; in 1S61, 14,661.
Hoa:*5, 2,5S5. The increase of pop. was chiefly in
Sjuthport; and arose, there and elsewhere, principally
fnjin honse-buildiiig for mercantile men, and from the
cstabliibing of boan ling-schools. The property is much
sabdivitled. The m.mor belongs to the Rev. Charles
H«~keth and the Trustees of the late C. Scarisbrick,
E?"!. North Meols Hall was formerly the seat of the
He^keths, and is now a farm-house. Hand-loom silk
wej-viug is a principal emplo}-Tnent. — The sub-district is
coctcrminate with the township. — The parish contains
also the township of Birkdale; and comprises 10,301
aor*:s of land, and 14,240 acres of water. Real property,
£53,173. Pop. in 1851, 9,319; in 1861, 15,947.
HoTues, 2,822. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
CLes-.er. Value, £844.* Patron, the Rev. C. Hesketh.
The church stands at Churchtown ; consists of nave,
aisles, and chancel, with tower and spire; and contains
monuments to the Heskeths and the Fleetwoods. Three
vicara:]:es of Southport, and those of Crossens, Banks,
and Birkdale are separate bencfrces. Chapels for Inde-
pendents, Wesleyan.s and Primitive Sfethodists, a na-
tiosil school, and charities £22 are in North ileols cc-
clfcsiasrical section; and ten dissenting chapels, a Roman
C'arhoHc chapel, and three national schools are in
Scutbport.
. MEON (The). See Meo.v-Stoke.
JIEON (East), a village, a parish, a sub-district, and
a Luudi'ed, in Hants. The village stands in a long valley,
2m-:ng chalk hills, 4 miles WSW of Petcrslield r. sta-
tion ; and has a post-office under Petersficld. The par-
ish includes the t3'things of Bordean, Coombe, Langrish,
Osenbounie, Peak, Ramsdean, Riplington, and VV'^est-
burj. Acres, 11,330. Real property, £13,162; of which
£30 are in quanics. Pop. in 1851, 1,543; in 1861,
1,436. Houses, 31S. The property is subdivided. The
niaiior wa.s known, at Domesday, as Jlene ; belonged
then to Bishop de Blois; and belongs still to the Bishop
of 'iVinohester. Westbury House is a chief residence.
About 1,277 acres are downs, and about 1,350 are wood-
land- The Uving is a vicarage in the dio. of 'Winches-
ter: and, till 1867, was united with Froxfield and
Steep. Value, £CS0.* Patron, the Bishop of Winchester.
The church is ancient and cniciform, -with a central
tower and spire; is supposed to have been built by liishop
Vv'alkelyu, the fouud'^r of the Norman portion of Win-
ch.-srer cathedral ; retains the Norman character, un-
altered, in the door-way.s, the tower, and one of the
vdn-iows ; is early English in the S aisles of nave and
ch2;;,el; has a later spire Upon the tower; and contains
a lat-^r English stone pulpit, and a very curious ancient,
carv-^, blue lias font. There is a national school.
— The sub-district contains also four other parishes, and
ii in Petors.'ivld district. Acres, 20,551. Pop. in 1861,
2.051. _ Houses, .560.— The hundred contains six par-
iihts; is in Petersfiel I division; and is cut into lower lialf
and upper h.Uf. Acres, 11,350 and 11,812. Pop. in
1S51. 1,543 and 1,871. Hou-ses, 314 and 354.
MEON HILL, an eminence in the NE of Gloucester;
at the end of tlie Cotiwolds, 4 miles NNE of Chipping-
Can:;-len. It has a double-ditched Saxon camp; and it
commands a tliie view.
31 EON .STOKE, a village, a parish, and a hundred, in
Han-j. The villag'; stands on a ri\iilct 4 miles NE by
E of Bi.shops-Waltliarn r. station; and is a j>refty place.
The parish comprises 2,05'i acres; and is in Droxford <lis-
tiict. Post-town, l;i.-.hops-Walthim, under Southampton.
i:eai property, £2,LiO. J'op., 429. Houses, 9t. The
property is subdivided. The manor belongs to Winchester
College. A Roman camp is on the NE boundary; and a
Roman lamp and Roman pottery were found there in
1834. There aie also several barrows. The rivulet on
which the village stands runs about 14 miles south-south-
westward to Southampton water ; and a willow-tree, in a
meadow ou its bank, measures 23 feet in girth of trank,
and is coniputed to contain 10 loarls of timber. The liv-
ing is a rectory, united with the p. curacy of Soberton,
in the diocese "of Winchester. Value, £568.* Patron,
the 15ishop of Winchester. The church includes a por-
tion ascribed to William of AVykcham; has his "rose"
at the intersections of canopied niches on both sides of
the E window ; is chielly decorated English, with some
later portions; has a tower; and contains a late Normtin
font and two ancient Purbeck marble coffins. A curious
petrified deposit exists in the church-yard, about 3 feet
beneath the surface. There is a national school. — The
hundred contains also six other parishes and part of an-
other; is in Droxford division; and is cut into lower half
and upper half Acres, 10,274 and 13,305. Pop. in
1851, 1,803 and 2,371. Houses, 359 and 486.
JIEON (West), a village, a parish, and a sub-district
in Droxford district, Hants. The village stands 7 miles
NE of Bishops-Waltham r. station, and 7 W of Peters-
field; and has a post-officej imder Petersficld. The par-
ish contains also the hamlet of Woodlands. Acres,
3,728. Real property, £4,582. Pop., 842. Houses,
191. The property is subdivided. The manor belongs
to the Rev. P. and Jlrs. Aubertin. The living is a rec-
tory, united with the p. curacy of Privett, in the diocese
of Winchester. Value, £868.* Patron, the Bishop of
Winchester. The church was built in 1844-6, at a cost
of £12,000; is in the early English style ; and has painted
windows, and an embattled tower. There are an Inde-
pendent cha])el and a national school. — The sub-district
contains also four other parishes. Acres, 13,709. Pop.,
2,177. Houses, 447.
MEOPHAJr, or Meffam, a village and a parish in
North Aylesford district, Kent. The village stands 1
mile S of the London, Chatham, and Dover railway, and
5 S of Gravesend; was known to the Saxons as Meapa-
ham; is a pleasant place, built round a fine green; and
has a po.st-otlice under Gravesend, and a railway station
with telegraph. The parish contains also part of the
hamlet of Culverstone-Green. Acres, 4,693. Real pro-
perty, £6,833. Pop. in 1851, 1,045; in 1861, 1,123.
Houses, 211. The propertj' is much subdivided. The
manor lias belonged since the 10th century to the Arch-
bishops of Canterbury. Caraer is the seat of W. M.
Smith, Esq. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Rochester. Value, £500.* Patron, the Archbishop of
Canterbury. The church is partly early English, but
chiefly decorated; was commenced by Archbishop Simon
de Sleopham, and completed by Archbishop Courtena}-;
consists of nave, aisles, chancel, and two porches, with
tower and spire; and was renovated in 1859. There are
a Baptist chapel and a national school.
MEPAL, u village and a parish in Ely district, Cam-
bridge. The village stands on the New Bedford river, 5
miles SE of Chatteris r. station, and 6i W by N of Ely;
and has a post-ofHce under Ely. The parish comprises
1,452 acres. Real propcrt3% £3,963. Pop., 510. IIou.>es,
115. Fortreys Hall and Widdens are chief places. Tho
living is a rectory in the diocese of El}-. Value, £280.^
Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Ely. The church i.3
early English, and was restored in 1850. There are a
dissenting chapel, an endowed school vrith .i.'15 a-ycar,
and charities £158.
MEPPERSHALL, or JlErsiiAix, a parish, with a vil-
lage, in l^iggleswade district, Beds ; near the Ilitchin
branch of tlie Midland railway, 2 miles N of the boundary
with Herts, and 2 S by W of Sheilbrd. Post-town, Shcf-
fonl, under Biggleswade. Acres, 1,949. Real propertv,
£2,941. Pop.,'541. Houses, 114. The property is chiefly
divided among seven. The manor belongs to >irs. Wood-
burn and the trustees of Mrs. I'. Kane. Remains of an uld
fortification, called the Hills, are near tlie eliurch. A
ruin, now used as a barn, but once a chapel supposed to
MERCASTOX.
316
JIF.REVALK-
hare belonged to CUicksanJs piioiy, aiiJ. retaining a very
tiae NoiTiiiiii door, is on Chapel fanu. Tlie living is a
;-eotoi-y in the diocese of Ely. Value, £500.* Patron,
3t. John's College, Cambridge. The church is cruci-
form, and partly Norman; has a central tower; and cou-
tains two olil brasse?.
MERCASTOX, a to\vn.shipin Mugginton parish, Derby-
sliire; 6 miles NW of Derby. Acres, 1,120. Real pro-
perty, £2,125. Pop, 135. Houses, 21. A church was
lie re at Domesday.
MERCIILY.N, a township in Gyfliu parish, Carnarvon;
near Conway. Pop., 104.
MEIICIA, one of the kingdoms of the Sa.xon Heptarcliy.
It occupied the central parts of England ; was the coun-
try of the Jliddle Angles ; ab.sorbed large portions of the
adjacent kingdoms; and survived all the other six, except
Wessex. It was of various extent, at various periods;
but, in a general and large view, it comprised all the ter-
ritory S of the Huniber, E of the Severn, \ of the upper
and middle reaches of the Thames, and "W of a line
diawn through Herts, Beds, Cambridge, Hunts, and
Lincoln. The parts of it comprising Notts, Derby, and
Cheshire, with the portions of Flint as far as to Otla's
dyke, were called North Mercia; the parts comprising
AV'orcestersliire, Gloucestershire, and a por^lon of War-
wickshire, were called Hwiccas, and were for some time
independent; and the whole was designated by the Sax-
ens themselves ilyrcua-ric or Meorc-lond. Cridda or
Creoda founded the kiugdom about 5S5, but was subject
to Northunibria. \\'ibba succeeded in 595; aud, together
with sub-sequent successors, continued to own the su-
]iremacy of Northunibria. Penda succeeded in 626; be-
came independent; took London and part of Wessex; and
liad his seat at Tamworth. Peada succeeded in 656;
Wolfhere, or AVulfere, in 659 ; Ethelred, in 675, and
Ceolred, in 709. Ethelwald, or Ethelbald, succeeded in
716; was designated the Proud; and alternately gained
aud lost large extension of territory'. Offa the Terrible
succeeded in 757; subdued parts of Kent and Sussex;
wTested from Wesse.x all her teiTitories on the left of the
Thames; drove the AVelsh beyond the Wye ; constructed
the rampart, known as Olfu's dyke, from the Severn near
Bristol to the mouth of the Dee, as a defence along the
"W boundary of his kingdom; pursued a cotirse of con-
quest and victory through ten years; built a palace which
was the wonder of the age, and struck coins and medals
of a kind superior to any of that period ; and completed
Ids ambitious and warlike career by inflicting defeat on a
body of Danes. Egfrid or Ecgfrith, Offa's son, succeeded
in 7S5; Cenolf or Cynewulf, in 795; Kene'.me, in 819;
Burnwulf or Beoruwulf, in 821 ; and Vig'af, in S25.
Egl)ert of Wessex made war against tlie last two of these
kings; defeated Burnwulf in one battle in S23, and slew
him in anotlier in 825 ; achieved success also against
Viglaf; and annexed all Slercia to Wessex in 523. Mercia
never again figured as a kingdom ; but it ranked at the
iNonnan conquest as an earldom.
MERDON. See IIl-rsley.
MERE, a township, witli a village, in Eo^therne par-
ish, Cheshire; 24 miles NW of Knutsford. Acres, 2,433.
Ileal property, £4,034. Pop., 556. Houses, 112. The
manor, with Mere New Hall, belongs to T. J. L. Brooke,
Esq. The Hall is a fine editice, in the Tudor style; and
.stands amid richly ornate grounds. A lake of about 50
acres is in front of the mansion, and gave origin to the
name Mere. A chajiel of ease is at IIoo-Green.
MERE, a town, a parisli, a district, and z hundred, in
Wilts. The town stands 14 mile N of the boundary
with Dorset, IJ SSE of the boundary with Somerset, 4
N of Gillingham r. station, and 21 S by E of Bath; took
its name either from the iSaxon word M^ra, signifying
"limits," and alluding to its position near the meeting-
fioint of three counties, or from its ancient owners the
Meres, whose crest, a sliip, is still the sign of the liead
inn; was once a place of considerable imp'jrtance; had a
caitle of the Earls of Cornwall, noiv repre-ented by only
a mound ; sent members to parliament in the times of
Ldward I. and Edward II., but lost its franoliise on the
ground of poverty; is now decayed and irrei^-ularly built;
and has a post-officej: under Bath, a bankingofSA-, twc
chief inns, an old market-house, a c!iurch, Indej>eQdet.t
and Primitive Methodist chapels, a nublio cemeterj-, a
literary^ institute, a public reading-room, natiun.il and
liritisli schools, an alms-house, aud a workhouse. The
church is ancient and handsome; has a beautifully carved
oaken roof; includes two mortuary chapels ; has" an em-
battled tower, with lofty pinnacles; and contains a brasi-
of Sir T. Beddiscombe of 13y0. The public cemeterv wa=
opened in 1856; and an ancient earthen vessel was fouul
at the forming of it, conUiining about 400 Roman coins.
A weekly market is held on Tuesday: fairs are held on
17 ilay and 3 0 Oct.; and some industry in flax-spinning,
silk-throwing, and the manufacture of bed-ticking L?
carried on. f-ord Treasurer Cottington and F. Potter,
the author of " Interpretations of the number 666,'" were
natives. Pop., 1,210. Houses, 263.
The parish contains also the tythings of Chaddenvick,
Woodlands, and Zeals. Acres, 7,40'J. Real prof-ertv,
with West Kuoyle and Stourton, £16,SS5. Pop., 2,029.
Houses, 663. The manor belongs to the duchy of Corn-
wall. Jlere Park was anciently a royal residence.
Mere-Woodlands was a manorial seat of the Dodding-
tons. Zeals House is the seat of C. Grove, Esq. Bou-
ham House also is a chief residence, and has a Roman
Catholic chapel. Ashfield water, a tributary of the
Stour, rises on a chalk hill, aud turns several mills. A
Danish camp, called White-street, is on a hUl to the NW
of the town. Pen Pits, several thousand rudely circular
holes in a marshy tract, are in the neighl>ourhooL Tha
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Salisuurv. Value,
£330.* Patron, the Bishop of Salisbur}-. The rectory
of Zeals-Green is a separate benefice.
The district contains also the parishes of East Knoyle,
AVest Knoyle, Upper Pertwood, Moncktou - Deverill,
Kingston-Deverill, and Sedghili, clectoraily in Wilts;
the jiarish of Silton and the chapeliy of Bourto':, elec-
torally in Dorset; the parish of Ivihiiingtor., cb>c:orally
in Somerset; and the parishes of Maiden -Bradley and
Stourton, chiefly in Wilt?, but partly in Soiaei-s?t.
Acres, 33,211. Poor-rates in 1S63, £5,230. Pop. in
1851, 8,433; in 1S61, 8,057. Houses, 1,S 44. Marriages
in 1863, 159; births, 255, — of which 17 were illegitimate;
deaths, 154, — of which 51 were at ages uuder 5 years,
and 5 at ages above 85. Marriages iu the ten vear*
1851-60, 560; birtLs, 2,508 ; deaths, 1,726. The places of
worship, in 1851, were 13 of the Church of England, with
3,384 sittings; 4 of Independents, \vith 315 s. ; 1 of
Baptists, with 200 s. ; 3 of Wesleyan Methodists, with
304 s. : 5 of Primitive Methodists, with 447 s.; 1 unde-
fined, with 100 s. ; 1 of Roman Catholics, with 140 s. j
and 1 of Latter Day Saints, with 19 attendants. The
schools were 13 public day-schools, with 0S2 scholars; 1:J
private day-schools, with 210 s. ; and 19 Sunday s».diools,
with 1,462 s. The inmates of the workhouse at the
census of 1861 amounted to 71. — The luimlrcd contains
three parishes and parts of two others. Acres, 19,462.
Pop. in 1851, 4,563; in 1801, 4,449. Houses, 1,003.
MERE, a hamlet in Whitwood township. Feather-
stone parish, W. R. Yorkshire; on the river Aire, oj
miles NE of Wakefield.
MERE, or Meeh, an extra-parochial tract in the dis-
trict and county of Lincoln; adjacent to Lincola citv.
Pop., 39. Houses, 4.
MERE-BROW, a village in Tarleton parish, Lanca-
shire; lOi miles SW of Preston. It has a Primitive
Methodist chapel and a national school; aud tlie latter is
used as a chapel of ease.
MERlvGREE.V, a handet in Sutton-Coklfield parish,
Warwick ; near Icknield-street and tlie boundar." with
Stafford, U- mile NNW of Sutton -ColdfiehL It has
a post-office under Birmingham,
MEREHAY, cr Meei:h.*.y, a plice iu tl:e N W of Dor-
set; 1^ mile NE of Beauiinster.
MEREHOUSE, or Mlp.house, atownshii.inPa-churvh
parish, Salop; 7^ miles NW of Shrtwsburv. Pop., 11.
MERESEA.. See Mei:sea.
MEREVALE, a parish in the district of Athorstoc^
aud counties of Warwick aud Leicester; ou Watlinj-
MEREWORTH.
317
MERIONETH.
street, tlio Tix-iit Tiilloj- railway, the Coventrj' caual,
aiul the liver Anker, ami 1 mile W by S of Ailici-stons
r. station. Post-town, Atherstoue. Acres of the ^Var-
wick jioi-tion, 1,100. IJeal projierty, ;t"l,690. Pop.,
132, Hons-'s, "29. Acres of the Leicester portion,
1,050. Top., SO. nouses, 12. The property is JiviJed
nniriii^:; a few. The manor, Jlerevale Hall, ami all the
Warwick portion, lielonq to Vi'. S. Uugdale, Esi|. The
Hall was recently rebuilt; stands on an eminence about
.JOO feet above sea-level, commanding a fine view; and is
i-iirrounded by a beautiful )iark. A Cistertian abbey was
fcuuded here, in 114S, by Robert, Earl of Ferrers; and
is now represented b)' the parish church, and by some
interesting fragmeuts and foundations of its other build-
ings. The living is a donative in the diocese of Wor-
cester. Value, £24. Patron, \V. S. Dugdale, f^sq. The
:?hiirch w;is the chaiiel at the gate of the abbey; contains
three stone coffins, several ancient brasses, a fine alabas-
ter tomb of Lord Ferrars, and monuments of the Strat-
fonls and the Dugdales; and was recently in a very
dilapidated condition.
MEIiEWOOD. See Mauwood, Devon.
MEREWORTH, a village and a parish in Mailing dis-
trict, Kent. The village stands 2^ miles WNNV of
AVateringbury r. station, and 7 W by S of Maidstone;
and has a post-office nnder Maidstone. The parish in-
cludes a detached portion, called Old Hay, 7 njiles S of
the village; and comprises 2,743 acres. Real property,
£5,237. Pop., 835. Houses, \<>6. Tlie property is
divided among a few. The manor belonged to John de
Mereworth, the crusader ; passed to the Fitzalans, the
Beauchainps, the Nevilles, the Fanes, and the Staple-
tons; and belongs now to Viscountess Falmouth. Mere-
worth Castle is Viscountess Falmouth's seat ; was built,
about the middle of last century, after the model of
Palladio's Villa Capri; has, at the sides, detached
kitchens and otSccs, in a style similar to itself; and
stands amid very beautiful scenery. Votes Court is
the Stat of Viscount Torrington. Hops and fruit are
e.xtensively grown. The living is a rectory in the dio-
cese of Canterbury. Value, £822. * Patron, Vis-
countess Falmouth. The church was built in 1746, in
lieu of a previous one which stood on part of the site
of ^lercworth Castle; is in the renaissance style, with a
Corinthian portico and a lofty steeple ; and contains
some old monuments of the Nevilles and the Fanes, re-
moved to it from the former church. Walpole described
its steeple as "so tall that the poor church curtsies under
it, like Mary liich in a vast high-crowned liut. " There
is a national school.
:HERFOrvD .A.XD HOSELY, a lordship in Grcsford
parisli, Flint; 3| miles ^'E of Wre.xham. Acres, 5S0.
Pop , 257. Houses, 5t). Poft's cauiji is here, and com-
manda a fine view.
MERIADOG, a township in St. -Asaph parisli, Den-
bigh; on the river Clwyd, 1 mile S of St. Asaph. Acres,
with Wygfair, 3,046. Ileal property of JI. alone, £1,306.
l\ip., 335. Houses, 69. Numerous limestone caves are
litio, from 30 to 40 feet high; and the rocks abound in
fossils, and have veins of barytes.
MERIDES, a village, a parish, a sub-district, and a
dibtrii.t, in Warwick. The village stands in a valley,
near the seat and park of the Earl of Aylesford, 2.^ miles
E (tf Hampton-Junction r. station, and 5i WNW of
Coventry; was formerly called Alspath; figures, in Dug-
dale's descri]ition as "having some good inns for the ac-
commodation of travellers, and grown of late times to
the credit of a village, utterly eclipsing its former name;"
presents a very agreeable, appearance ; retains, on a gieen,
rem.iins of an ancient cross, which once was regarded as
:uaiking the centre of England; and has a post-ollice,*
unilor Coventry, and a police station. — The parish com-
pri-^-s 3,010 acres. Real property, i5,75.S. Pop., 968.
HcnsfS, 196. The greater part of the property belongs
to the Earl of Aylesford, and the rest is subdivided.
Moridi'U Hall belongs to the Digby, and i.^ occupied by
J. D.irlington, Esij. Jleriden House belong.^ to Dr.
Kitleniiaster. Strawberry P>ank House is a boarding-
gch'-oL Forest Hal' v< used by a .soci'.ty of archers; and
contains a horn said to h.ive been used by Kobin Hood,
and many other curiosities. The living is a vicanige iu
the diocese of Worcester. Value, £263.* Patron, tliu
Earl of Aylesford. The church stands on an eminence,
a short distance from the village; and consists of nave,
three aisles, and chancel, with a tower. There are an
eiulowcd school with £14Sa-year, and charities £64.—
The sub-district contains also the parishes of Great Pack-
ington. Little Packington, Hamiitou-in-Arden, Berkcs-
well, Allcsley, Corley, and Filionglev, and the hamlet of
Coundon. Acre.s, 26,395. Pop., 6,3"S7. Hou.ses, 1,379.
— The district comprehends also the sub-district ol Coles-
hill, containing the jvirishes of Coleshill, Sheldon,
Bickenhill, Ma.\;stokc, Lea-Marston, Nethor Whitacre,
Over Whitacre, and part of Shustoke. Acres of the dis-
trict, 48,618. Poor rates in 1S63, £6,599. Pop. in
1851, 11,267; in 1S61, 11,290. Houses, 2,467. -Mm'-
riages iu 1863, 58; births, 337,— of which 27 were illegi-
timate ; deaths, 246, — of which 75 were at ages under 5
years, and 11 at ages above 85. MaiTiages in the ten years
1851-60, 637; births 3,376; deaths, 2,085. The jdacos
of worship, in 1851, were 15 of the Churcli of I'.ngland.
with 5,391 sittings; 3 of Independents, with 524 s. ; 6 of
Wesleyans, with 416 s. ; and 1 of Latter Day Saints,
with 40 s. The schools were IS public day-school.s,
with 1,108 scholars; 10 private day-schools, with 179 s. ;
and 11 Sunday schools, with 526 s. The workhouse is
in Meriden; and, at the census of 1861, had 54 inmates.
MEKING, an extra-parochial tract in Southwell dis-
trict, Notts; on the river Trent, 7.^ miles N of Newark. .
Acres, 980. Pop., 5.
MERIONETH, or ilEr.io.KETHsiiir.i:, a maritime
county of North Wales ; bounded, on the N W, by Car-
narvonshire; on the N, by Carnarvonshire and Denbigh-
shire; on the NE, by Denbighshire ; on the SE, by Mont-
gomeiyshire; on the S, by Cardiganshire ; on the W, by
Cardigan bay or the Irish sea. It is separated from part
of Carnarvonshire, by the ravine of the Glaslyn river ;
from parts of Denbighshire and Jlontgomeryshire, by the
waterehed of the lierw}-n mountains; and from part of
Jlontgomerj-shire and from Cardiganshire, by the river
Dovey. Its outline is somewhat triangular, with the
sides facing the N, the SE, and the AV. Its greatest
length, south-westward, from the NE angle, 2^ miles be-
yond Gwyddelwern to the SW angle at Aberdovey, is 46
miles ; its greatest breadth, in the opposite direction, Ls
29 miles ; its mean breadth is about 15.^ miles; its cir-
cuit is about 140 miles, 30 of which are coast; and its
area is 385,291 acres. The surface is very mountainous.
The county, proportionately to its extent, contains a
larger aggregate of lofty upland than any other county
of XVales. One irregular group, iu the NW, connects
with the great Snowdonian range in Carnarvonshire, and
culminates in the summits of Moelgwyn and Cnicht, at
altitudes of 2,566 and 2,372 feet. A vast triangular
gi-oup, with much tablelaud, commences immediately K
of the preceding; is separated from it partly by a narrow-
glen, partly by a wild peat morass ; extends eastward
to the vicinity of B.da; and culminates in Arenig, at an
altitude of 2,809 feet. A lofty oblong range is separat(!d
from the first group by the vale of Festiniog; lies W of
the second gioup ; e.\tends southward to the estuary of
the Maw; measures nearly 15 miles in length and about
7 miles in breadth ; and culuiinites iu Craig-dwrg and
Ehinog-fawr, at altitudes of 2,100 and 2,345 feet. _ A
comparatively small but verj- magnificent group rises
immediately S of the estuary of the .Maw; consists chielly
of Cader-Idris, with its spurs and offshoots; and culmi-
nates in Pen-y-Gador and Mynydd-Moel, at altitudes of
2,914 and 2,817 feet. A great chain commences near the
SW extremity, in the vicinity of Aberdovey; extends in
a well-defined wa\y line, north-eastward to the vicinity
of Corwen; forms a grand barrier along the SE frontier
of nearly tlic entire length of the county; commences iu
Arran-y-Gessel, with a culminating altitude of 2,224
feet: splits, near Dinas-Mowddwy, into two lines, slightly
diverging from each other, the one going north- north-
eastward, the other continuing north-eastward; rise?, in
the north-north-easterly line, to a culminating altitude
MERIONETH.
GIS
MERIOXETir.
Df 2,955 feet in the summit of Anan-Mo\vdil«7; forms,
throughout the north-easterly line, the Reiwyn moun-
tains, whose watershed divides the county from Mont-
<;onier}-shire and Denbiglishire; and culminates, in these
mountains, ou the summit of Cader-Ferwyn or Berwyn,
at an altitude of 2,563 feet. The general surface presents,
to a dull eye, a bleak ami dreary appearance, but pre-
sents, to a quick one, a vast amount of picturesqucuesa and
romance. "It has not," says ilr. Newell, "the stupen-
dous craggy wildness of Carnarvonshire, but is equal to
it in calm sublimity, and superior in richness, variety,
and beauty. The mountains, if not so high, display
more varied and beautifid colouring, as well as a more
correct and elegant outline." Some of the finest, too,
have the advantage of rising from low levels, around
magnificent glens, in such a manner that their height,
as seen from good stand-points, often appears to the eye
to be greater than it really is. Both the glens and the
mountain sides, also, are much better wooded than those
of Carnarvonshire; and they derive from that circum-
stance, in combination with their own features, a rich-
ness of scenery which, in many parts, assimilates them
to some of the most admired portions of S\\itzerland.
The streams, likewise, abound in cascades ; the estuaries
of the ilaw, the Traeth-bach, and the Dovey strike
grandly inward from the sea; and the coast exhibits a
constant succession of striking and varied views.
The chief rivers are the Dee, draining all the XE re-
gion, through the lake of Bala, along the exquisite vale
of Edernion, and past Corwen, to the vicinity of Llan-
gollen; the Dovey, or Dyfi, running along much of the SE
boundary under Arran-y-Gessel, to the sea at Aberdovey;
theDysynni, descending from Cader-Idris to the sea, in the
vicinity of Towyn; the Maw, or JIawddach, making two
grand falls, expanding into estuary in the vicinity of
Dolgelly, and going thence to the sea at Barmouth: the
Glj-n, with a faU of 200 feet; the Cynfael, with a fall of
40 feet; the Dwyryd, the Glaslyu, the Eden, and others.
The principal lake is that of I'ala; others are Talyllyn,
Elider, Tieweryn, Y-cwm-bychan, Bodlyn, Cwm-Howel,
Glyn, Arrenig, and Y-cae; and there are about fiftj' more,
mostly pools or tarns, in the cooms or hoKows of the
mountains. The rocks are chiefly Cambrian and Silu-
rian, of similar character to those of Snowdonia. Slates
prevail through a great portion; a bluish giey limestone
abounds in the NE; and igneous rocks are largel}' pro-
truded around the estuary of the Maw, parricularly on
its S side, and thence toward the NX E. Slate is exten-
sively quarried; limestone is much used for manure; cop-
per ores occur in the vicinity of To^\•yn, Dolgelly, Bar-
mouth, and Aberdovey; lead ores are found near Towyn,
Llanaber, Dolgelly, Tremadoc, Llanelltyd, and Dinas-
Jlowddwy ; and .small quantities of sQver and gold have
been found near Dolgelly. Grouse is plentiful in some
of the mountains; partridges are numerous in the low
tracts; and fish, of various kinds, abounds in the prin-
cipal streams and lakes.
The soils are various. The vales and the sheltered
portions of the coast contain some fertile fields; but
even the best tracts elsewhere are comparatively sterile.
About ono-half of the entire area is waste or common.
Not enough of wheat is grown for home consumption;
oats, barlej', and potatoes are grown in considerable
quantities, yet often insulficiently for family use; and
some cheese and butter are made for the market. The
inhabitants depend chiefly for support on sheep and cat-
tle,— ou wool and the produce of the dairy. They are
visited periodically by dealers, who purchase from them
in the gross; and, excepting these or some rare tourists
or sportsmen, they seldom see a stranger. - They are a
very primitive people, mo.stly all speaking Welsh, and
living in a very unsophisticated way. The dwellings of
the peasantr}-, in general, are extremely nide; the farm
buildings themselves, for the most part, are very poor;
the fences are of stono or sods; and the chief fuel is peat.
Upland fanns are measured, not by acres, but by the
number of cattle or sheef) they are considered able to
maintain. The cattle on the hills are synall; but those
in some of the low tracts are an old, large, black Welsh
breed. The sheep are white-faced and coarse-woolled,
from 9 to 12 lb. per quarter. Goats, till a recent period,
were reared in great numbers; but they were less com-
pensating than .sheep, they injured the bark of trees, and
the}' went generally into disuse. A hardy breed of
ponies, called merlins, are bred on the Berwyns, and on
some of the other mountains. The chief articles of
manufacture, but these to no great extent, and i)rinci-
pally around Bala, Corwen, and Dolgilly, are tlauml
webs and knit stockings. About 190 miles of turnpike,
and 420 niQes of other good roads, arc within the county.
One i-aihvay, coming in from Carnaivonshire, goes along
the coast, past Harlech, Barmouth, and Towyn, to Aber-
dovey; another, available for the SW parts of the county,
but not within its limits, mns near its boundary, past
Machj-nlleth, toward Aberystwith ; another, starting at
the junction of two lines which come into the NE cor-
ner of the county at Corwen, goes southwestward, past
Bala and Dolgelly, to Barmouth; another, a branch of
the first, goes from Towyn, east -north -eastward, to
Talyllyn; and another, a branch of the second, goes from
Cemmaes northward to Diuas-Mowddwy; but they are
quite recent, some of them not completed in 1S60; and
they may be expected to eflect considerable changes on
the interests and habits of the people.
The coimty contains 34 parishes, parts of 3 other par-
ishes, and 1 extra-parochial place; and is divided into
the hundreds of Ardudwy-Ls-Artro, Ardudwy-Uwch-
Artro, Edernion, Estimaner, Mowdduy, Penllyn, and
Talybont. The registration county takes in a township
from ilontgomery shire, seven parishes and part of another
from Denbighshire, and five parishes ami part of another
from Carnarvonshire; gives off two parishes to Montgo-
meryshire; comprises 406,026 acres; andisdividediutothe
districts of Coruen, Bala, Dolgelh", and Festiniog. The
market towns are Corwen, Bala, Dolgelly, Dinas-Mow-
ddwy, Harlech, Barmouth, and To'.\yn;"aud there are
upwards of 120 villages and hamlets. The chief seats
are Glanylyn, JIaesy-Newadd, Nannau, Hengint, Cors-
y-Gedol, Bronhaulog, Caerynwch, Peuiarth, Glyn, Ithi-
wlas, Eilg, Aberhirnant, Crogcn, Talgarth, Tanybu-lcli,
and Ynysninengwvn. Eeal property-, in 1515, £111,436;
in 1843, £153,665; inlSSO, £186,603,— of which £36,528
were in quarries, £722 In mines, £30 in fisheries, £0S3
in railways, ami £100 in gas-works. The county is gov-
erned b}' a lord lieutenant, a sherifl', and about 24 ma-
gistrates; is in the Loudon mililar}' district, the North
Wales judicial circuit, and the dioceses of Bangor and
St. Asaph ; and sends one member to parliament. The
Lent a.ssizes are held at Bala, and the summer ones at
Dolgelly. The county jaO and house of correction is at
Dolgelly. The police force in 1864 comprised 23 men,
and cost £1,71S. The crimes committed in 1864 were
47; the persons apprehended, 32; the depredatore and
suspected persons at large, 89. Electoi-s in 1333, 5s0;
in 1865, 1,527, — of whom 75S were freeholders, and 530
occupying tenants. Pop. in ISOl, 29,506; in 1821,
34,382; in 1841, 39,332; in 1861, 38,963. Inhabited
houses, 8,499; uninhabited, 352; building, 39.
Merioneth was known to the Romans as Mcrvinia,
and to the ancient Welsh as Meironydd; and it is said
to have derived its name from Jleiricn, son of Tibiawn,
and gi-andson of Ciuiedda, a noble native chieftain who,
in the 5th century, drove the Irish from the territory,
and obtained, in guerdon of his services, extensive local
possessions. It was inhabited by the Ordovices ; was
included, by the Piomans, in their Britannia Prima ; wa.s
divided, by Roderick Mawr, between -the kingdoms of
Aberfiraw and Pov.-ys; and was constituted a county by
Henry VI II. It maiie no figure in iiistory i:i either tie
Saxon or the NoiTuan times; yet it WiLS the scene of laany
of those unnatund conflicts between tribe and tribe which
disgi'ace the annals of Waks; and it afterwards, parti-
cularly about Harlech, played an important part in the
movements of 0>ven Glendower, and in the wars of the
Roses. — Druidical remains are at Moel-y-Goedog, Cois-
y-Gedol, IJwpig%ml, and Trawsfynydd. Pillar stones
or cairns are at Trwjn, Llech-Idris, I'ecldauGwvr-Ar-
dudwy, and near Corwen. Ancient British camps oi
MERRIDGE.
319
MERSEA (West).
for-A are .1: Tom:u<;ii-y-P-il'', Castell-l'rysor, Cistull-
lJi:i::v3-G'.rtin, Cnii^:;-yDJinns, Mocl-Orthrwm, and
C:^r-Drc-.vyn. '1 he i>arn Helen way weut through the
cuitr nor.hwar.L, by Konnm camps at Pennal, Ccfn-
Catr. CastcU-Prvior, Maeutwrojj, (inil Uhyd-iir-Hek-n,
Ij Toruxen-j-Mur, anciently called Hereri-Mons; and
•':.- Sara Hir way, or Southem-'Watling-street, went
t. r-:e, by Caer-Gai near Bala, and through the liulch-
T-Buarth uass, into Mont;^omeryshiro. An interesting
:..rijev3l Cistl-.- is at Harlech; and remains of fnur others
i •: it C.»-=:e]l-rrTsor, Castell-y-Beri, Camdochon, and
ri'-rciiton. Curious old mansions are at Llys-Uradwen,
Tvi^sya, SroLinnr, and some other places. An old ab-
brT IS at Cr:anier, and was the only edifice of its class
ia :^e coantv at the Eeformation.
MERKJEV.'. See Maraziok.
-•LERKSHALL. See M.\ttisuai,l-Hk.\tii.
:.T:RLIX"S hill. See ABEr.cwrLLY.
r-IERRIDGE, a h.imlet in Spaxton parish, Somerset;
41 miles VV of Briigewater. Acres, 160. Real pro-
l^TTv. £1,031. Pop., 102.
T'lERRIFIELD, a place in the E of Cornwall; SJ
iL-ilrs XK of Liskeard.
iLERRIFIELD, a place in Antony parish, Cornwall;
r.ar Tor p-jint, li mile W of Devonport. A church was
e-rtcre>i here in 1S-j6, at a cost of about £3,000; is a
r;:;S'ii-3me edifice in the pointed style; and, though
£_diied without a tower, was designed soon to have one.
MERRIL-GRAXGE, a place iu the NW of Leicester;
C> niles S cf Ca^jile-Donington.
3IERRINGT0X, a village and a township in Auck-
l^j.x diitri-.t. and a parish partly also in Durham and
;^Ur.■kt >a 'ILitricts, Dui'hamshire. The village sta:ids on
£.1 e2jiae"ce, 1 \ mile SSE of Sponnynioor 1: station,
&ni S| ENE of BL^hop-Auckland; adjoins the ground
' 1 which thi English forces encamped before the battle
I : ^c-i ille's Cross ; commands a ver}' extensive view,
:.' jrg the valley of the Wear, and to the hills of York-
."'-.ir:; is a Ijrge place ; and has a post-ofHce, of the
J. :::zi of Rirk - ilerrington, tinder Darlington. — The
1 ■iiLsbip comprises 1,934 acres. Real ]iropcrty, £3,331;
•■ ' which £275 are in mines. Pop. in 1851, 504; in
Z^-jI, 92o. Houses, 160. — The parish contains also the
- -.Tn^hips of F^rryhill, Chilton, and Hett. xVcres, 8,024.
J ; ral pror-erty, £12,165; of which £4,172 are in mines,
.-:ui £17' ia 'quarries. Pop. iii 1851, 2,673; in 1S61,
-:.046. Houses, 767. The property is mucli subdivided.
C.-il is w.jrke\!. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
c." DirLim. Value, £300.* Patrons, the Dean and
( l.iTtcr of Durham. The old church was Norman, and
<' lutcrestLcg character; and was the scene, in 1144, of
£. fnrljas fray between W. Comyn, who had usurped tlie
1 iihopric of Durham, and three barons of the bishopric-
] -ilatiiiate. The present church was built in 1854, on
:i;T site of the oM one and in imitation of it; is of oblong
f-.-:a, with a massive central tower 60 feet high; and re-
z^L.i the chancel-screen of the old church. The church-
v^i contains an incised coffin-shaped stone, said to mark
:le grave cf H'jJge of Ferry, who slew the famous
L.-jvrn. ijie vicarage of Feri-yliUl is a separate benefice.
IZzTi are 1 national school, and charities £19.
JIERRlNGTuN, a t..wnship in Preston-Gnbbals par-
L-h, Salvp; 51 miJ-s NXW of Shrewsbury. Pop., ISS.
TL« rr^.n^r i -longed to the JIucklestous.
ilERRlOTT, a village aud a parish in Chard district,
S .•rn^risc:. The village stands 2 miles N of Crewkerne
r. station, and has a post-ollice uudtT Taunton. The
-irl^h comprises 1,693 acres. Real property, £7,335.
J'op., 1,415. Houses, 294. The jiropcrty is much sub-
difMed. The manor Iwlongs to J. R. Rodbard and E.
ilyibard, E-r^s. Canvas works adjoin the parish, and
e:-;;loy a'-^ut 200 of its inhabitants. The living is a
vi.ara^-e in the diuoe^o of Bath and Wells. Value,
i-:.>7.' ?atron.s, the Dean and Chn]jter of Bristol. The
c"_:if ,h ii t.irly aU'l later Kuglisli; was restored and en-
li-'j-'d iii MSI; and consists of nave, aisles, aud triple
t'.iitiicel, with rwjrch and tower. There are chapels for
j::-.)tijts, Wts.iyatis, and Plymouth lirethreii, an qn-
c-V'^i UJti'jiul i;bool with £9 a-year, aud charities £11.
MERKuW, a vi'.l.'.ge and a parish in Guildford dis-
trict, Surrey. The village stands umler downs of its own
name, 2] miles ENE of Guildford r. station; and has a
post-oftice under Guildford. The parish conijirises 1,603
acres. Real property, £2,394. Pop. in 1S51, 278; in
1861, 363. Houses, 69. The increase of pop. aro.^e from
the erection of si'veral good houses. Part of the laud
was once royal demesne; and most belongs now to Earl
Onslow. A large portion is open do\™; and one part
has Guildford race-course, long disused. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Winchester. Value, £250.
Patron, Earl Onslow. The church was rebuilt in 1842;
consists of nave, S aisle and cliaucel, with tower and
spire ; and contains the burying-place of the Onslow
familv. There is a national school
MERRYHILL-GREEN, a place in the E of Berks; S\
miles NW of Wokingham.
MERRY-LEES, a place in the W of Leicester; ou
the Midland railwav, 4;^ miles NE of Market-Bosworth.
JIERRY JfAIDENS, a Druidical circle in St. Buryan
parish, Cornwall; 4^ miles SW of Penzance. It once had
nineteen stones; it still has sixteen in upright position;
and it has twelve of these in the form of a ring 82 feet in
diameter.
MERRYN (St.), a parish in St. Columb district, Corn-
wall; on the coast, 2 mDes WSW of Pailstow, and 15
WNW of Bodmiu-Road r. station. It has a post-office
imder Padstow, Cornwall, and a fair on the Monday be-
fore 22 June. Acres, 3,928; of which 130 are water.
Real property, £5,012. Pop., 570. Houses, 109. The
property is suljdivided. Harlyu was, till recently, the
seat of the Peter family, and commauds a splendid sea-
view. The surface is exceedingly diversified ; and the
coast is lined by high rugged cliflfs. The rocks are
crystalline aud schistose, and include veins of lead and
antimony. Roofing slate is quarried; and a dark-coloured
trap, almost equal to marble, is worked. A small quay,
constructed in 1794, is under Catacluse clilf. The liv-
ing is a vicarage in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £257.
Patron, the Bishop of Exeter. The church is ancient
and pretty good; was partly rebuilt of Catacluse stone;
and centains a curiously carved trap-rock font. There
are chaiiels for \Vesleyans and Bible Christians. A church
formerly stood near Harlyu, and has lelt some remains.
MERSEA, an island in Lexden district, Essex; on the
right side of the mouth of the river Colne, averagely 3,^
miles WSW of Brightlingsea r. station, and 7.( S by E
of Colchester. It has an oval form, 5 miles long and 2|
broad; is bounded, along the S side, by the sea between
the mouth of the Colne and the mouth of the Blackwater;
and is separated from the mainland, along the X side, by
Pyefleet cieek, famous for oysters, crossed by a cause-
way, and dry at low water. The island is prevailingly
Hat, but fertile and wooded; and is divided into the two
paiishes of East Jlei-sea aud West Mersea. It was known
to the Saxons as ileresigo; it seems to have been occu-
pied by the Romans, pirobably as a good station for de-
fending the neighhonriug rivers and coasts; and it was,
for a brief period, in 994, held by the-Danes. Traces cf
several barrows are on it; a large mosaic pavement, ascer-
tained to extend under West Mersea church, was dis-
covered in 1730; and some other auti(iuitie3 have been
t'omd. A strong dyke or sea-wall defends the entire
isbind.
MEI!SE,4 (E.vst\ a parish in Lexden district, Essex;
2,J miles WSW of Brightlingsea r. station, and S S by ?1
of Colchester. It comprises the eastern part of Mersea
island, and has a post-odice under Colchester. Acres,
3,857; of which 1,900 are water. Real projierty, £2,536.
Pop., 305. Houses, 07. Tlie property is divided among
a few. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Roches-
ter. Value, £400.* Patron, the Crown. The church
stands on a declivit}-, near the E cud of the island; has
a coirfmanding view of the sea; and consists of nave, X
aisle, chancel, and X chapel, with an embattled ti.'Wer.
The tower serves .as a landmark, and was formerly sur-
mounted by a beacon. There are a national scImoI, aud
charitii's £17.
MEi;SE.\ (Wi;.-.r), a parish in Lcxdon distni:t. Essex
MERSEY (Tiir).
MERTHYE.
Pi miles ^VS^V of Riiglitlingsea r. station, nnd 8 S by "\V
of Colchester. It comprises the western part of Mersea
islaii'l, and has a post-otiice under Colclie^tcr, and a
coast-guard station. Acres, 4,415; of which 1,050 are
water." Keal property, £5,402. Pop., 044. Houses,
197. The property is subdivided. A Reuedictiue priory
was here, a cell to St. Audouin's in Eouen ; and pMsed
to the D'Areies of St. Osyth. Two islets, one of them
railed Cobuiarsh, lie adjacent in Salcott creek. The liv-
ing is a vicarage in the diocese of Ifochester. Value,
£230. Patrons, the Trustees of the late F. Jlay, Esq.
The church consists of nave, S aisle, and chancel, with a
tower; and is good. There are chapels for Independents
.and Wcsleyans, a national school, an income of £90
a-year for church and cause waj' repairs, and charities £12.
MElvSEY (The), a river of Cheshire and Lancashiie.
It is formed by the confluence of the Goyt and the
Etherow, at the boundary between Cheshire and Derby-
shire, in the neighbourhood of Conipstall; it runs in a
.winding course westward to Stockport, and is there
joined by the Tame; it thence runs windingly, along the
boundary between Cheshire and Lancashire, past Xoitlien-
Jen, Ashton-upou-Mersey, Cariington, Warburton, and
Warrington, to Runcorn; it is joined by the Irwell on
.the right bank below Carrington, and by the BoUin on
■the lett bank below Warburton ; it begins to expand
slowly aud slightly into estuaiy below Warrington; it
becomes decidedly esturial, with a breadth of fully 2
jniles, about 2 miles below Runcorn, and there is joined
on the left bank by the Weaver; it thence makes adeini-
seiui-circular beud to the sea a little below Liverpool;
and it forms, in its lowest leach, the most largelj- Ire-
.quented harbour in the world. Its characters as an
ijstuary, and its capacities and adjuncts as a harbour, are
..noticed in the article Liveiu'OOL. Its entire fluviatile
course from the confluence of the f!oyt aud the Etherow
to the decided expansion into estuary below Runcorn,
measured in straight lines, without including sinuosities,
Ls about 32 miles.
MERSEY AND IKWELL CAXAL, a series of short
cuts and of deepenings on the S border of Lancashire, for
improving and extending the navigation of the rivers
Mersey and Irwell, between Warrington and JIanche.ster;
and a cut, 8 miles in lengtli, on the N border of Cheshii-e,
adjacent to the Jlersey, between Runcorn and Waning-
ton. The cuts aud deepenings on the Lancashire .'^ide
were begun so early as 1712-20; and figured as initial
works in the system of canal navigation.
MERSEY- HEATOX. See He.^to.k-Mersev.
■ MERSEY-ROAD, a railway station on the S border of
J^ncashiie; on the WaiTington and Liverpool railway,
between Gareton and Otterspool.
MERSHAM, a village and a parish in East Ashford
district, Kent. The village stands adjacent to the Tun-
bridge and Dover railway, IJ mile NNW of Snieeth r.
Ktation, and 34 SE of Ashford; is a pleasant place: and
has a post-office under Ashford ana a fair on Whit-
Friday. The parish comprises 2,075 acres. Real pro-
perty, £5,154. Pop., 752. Houses, 143. The property
is much subdivided. Jlersham Hatch is the seat of Sir
N. J. Knat(-hbull, Bart.; has belonged to his family since
the time of Henry VIII. ; and is a red brick mansion,
rebuilt in the last century. The living is a rectory in
the diocese of Canterbury. Value, £632.* Patron,
Oriel College, Oxford. The church is ancient but good;
comprises nave, aisles, and two chancels; and contains
nionumeuts of the Hatch family. There are an endowed
school with £10 a-j'cor, and charities £61.
MERSTIIAM, a village and a pari,sh in Reigate dis-
trict, Surrey. Tlio village stands on the Loudon and
Brighton railway, 3 miles NE of Reigate; contains soivie
curious old cottages; and has a station with telegraph f.n
liie lailway, and a post-ofBce under Red Hill. The par-
ish comprises 2,535 acres. Real property, £3,771.
Poj)., S46. Houses, 173. The property is divided
among a few. The manor was given in 1018, by Ethel-
stan, son of Ethelred II., to Christchurch, Canterbury;
and remained with it till the dissolution. Mersthani
II jusc is the seat of Loid If^'tton, made a peer in ISCiJ.
A peculiar kind cf stone has been quarried in thf pr.tish
from a very early period; was once esteeni'-ii of so nui 'h
importance as to be kept under the control of the Crown,
was used in the erection of Henry VIII. 's ciiapcl at
Westminster, and of some parts of Windsor Castle; is a
greyish gieen arenaceous limestone, lying under a giey
calcareous marl; is soft at removal from the <juarry, but
acquires hardness by exposure; resists heat so remark-
ably as to be characterized a.s fire-stone: and is now used
chiefly for hearths and furnaces. Chalk i-ock abounds;
is calcined to be used a.s lime; and was fonnerly woriicd
on a large scale. A tram railway, for the conveyance of
the chalk, was constructed so early as 1805; belongs )iow
to the London and Brighton company; aud is still, in
some |iarts, in working order. A tunnel of the Loudon
and Brighton railway, 1,820 yards long, occurs innne-
diately X of the village. The parish was traversed by
the ancient Pilgrim's road to Canterbury. The living is
a rectory in the diocese of Winchester. Value, £615.*
Patrou, the Archbishop of Cauterbury. The chureli
stanils on a knoll, among fine old trees, at the E end of
the village; includes some early English portions, but is
mainly later English; shows the palm-leaf, the mark of
the early crusade, among the decorations of its chancel-
arch; and contains a curious double piscina of decorated
character, a square Xorman font, four braii^es from 1472,
and some hand.some monuments to the Jollille famil}-. A
spring, similar to the Kentish nailbournes, breaks out
in wet seasons in a pool at the foot of the church-knoll;
and veiy deep wells, one of them 210 feet deep, occur in
various jjarts. The psu-ish shares in the charities of
Reigate.
MERSTOX, a hamlet in Shorne parish, Kent; 2 miles
XW of Strood r. station. It consists only of a few
labourers' cottages; and it formerly was politically, and
is still ecclesia,stically, a parish. The living is a sinecure
rectory in the diocese of Rochester. Value, £90. Pa-
trou, the Lord Chancellor. There is no church. Bishop
Hildesley was a native.
-MERSTOX, a parish in Westliampnott district, Sus-
sex; on the Arundel and Portsmouth canal, 1 mile S of
Bra\-tou T. station, aud 2^ SE of Chichester. Post-town,
Chichester. Acres, 710. Real property, £1,446. Pop.,
79. Houses, 19. The manor belongs to J. Godman,
Esq. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Chichester.
Value, £263. Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church
is partly early English, and consists of nave and chance!.
MERSTO.V, Somerset. See M.^kstox-Maona.
MERTHEA, a place in the S\V of Cornwall; 4] miles
E of Helston.
ilERTHER, a parish in Truro district, Cornwall; ou
St. Clement's creek, an inner offshoot of the Fal river,
6 mUes E by S of Truro r. station. Post-tcwn, Tresilian,
under Probus, Cornwall. Acres, 1,726. Real property,
£2,038. Pop., 384. Houses, 79. The mauor andmi'St
of the land belong to Viscount Falmouth. Tresawscn,
now a farm-house, was formerly the seat of the Hals
family, and was inhabited by William Hals, author of the
" Parochial History of Cornwall." Tresilian bridge sp.".i;s
St. Clement's creek, at the boundary with Pr()bus parish;
and a commerce up to tliat point is carried on in coa),
lime, and timber. The gate-house of Tregothnan, tiio
seat of Viscount Falmouth, adjoins the bridge. Hcie
was the place where the royal army surrendered to
Fairfax in 1646. The living is a vicara^re in the diocese
of Exeter. Value, £32. Patron, the Vicar of Probr.s-
The church is ancient but good; and Itas a tower stii-
mounted by a wooden bell-turret. There are a Wesley;iu
chapel, and an endowed school with £20 a-year.
MI2RTHYR, a Welsh word -signifying " a martyr,"siil
used in to])ographical nomenclature.
MhlRTHYR, a parish in the district and county of
Camiarthen ; on the river Cowin, near the South Wales
Milway, 4 miles W of Carmarthen. Post-town, Cannar-
then. Acres, 2,218. Real property, £2,055. Poj'.,
2S7. Houses, 41. The living is a rectory in the dioce^ i
of St. David's. Value, £158.* Patron, not reported.
MERTHYR, a hundred in the centre of Brecon; ev-
tending from the W boundary to within 2 miles of tl.e
MKUTIIYR-CYNOG.
321
MKKTtlVn-TYDVir.
E b-jtindan-; ani cout.xiuing Xleitliyr-Cynoj; 2>aris!\, six
other larisuM. and parrs of three others. Acres, 63,109.
Pop. in 1351, 3,ryj; in 1S61, 3,174. Houses, 637.
MERTHYK. r?ml>r»ke. See ilATimy.
MERTHYr.-CYXOG, a parish and ii sub-district in
the district and county of Brecon. The j iri.sh lies on
the river Hon llu, S wiles NNW of lirecon r. station;
and compriS'iJ the hamlets of Lower Dyirryn-Honddii,
UpjT'er Dytfryn-Honddu, Yscirvawr, and Ysoirveclian.
Pojt-town, Brecon. Acres, -21,278. Heal property,
i-J.orJT. Pop., SOO. Houses, 154. The property is
niu:h subdiWded. The surface is mountainous. An
an.ieut eatnp is at AUtaruog; and two pillar crosses are
at 3IvTiachtT. The living; is a vicarage in the diocese of
St. David's' Value, i90. Patron, J. L. V. \Vatkins,
Esq. The church v.- as reported in 1S50 as bad. The p.
curacy of DvSrya-Hondda is a separate benefice. There
are chapels fur Independents and Calvinistic Methodists.
— The sub-diitrict contains also two other pari.shes, and
part of another. Acres, 34,651. Pop., 1,593. Houses,
313.
MEF.THYK-DOVAN', a parish in Cardiff district,
Glamcrgan; on the coast of the Bristol clianuel, 5 miles
S br W of .St. Fa^ar.s r. station, and 6J S\V of Cardiff.
Post-to^vn, Cardi£ Acres, 1,396; of which 55 are water.
Keal property, £997. Pop., 143. Houses, 29. The
property is divided among a few. The li\-ing is a rec-
tory in 'the -iiccese of Llandaff. Value, £109. Patron,
K. F. Jenifer, Esq. Tha chan-h is good.
il£UTHYRO•IA^^'R, a pai-ish iu Bridgend district,
Glamorgan; on the river Ogmore, near its influx to the
Br:.stol chaui;;!, 2 miles SW of Bridgend r. station. It
has a DOit-j£oe under Bridgend. Acres, 2,590; of which
490 are wat-r. Real property, £1,616 ; of which £40
are in fi^hirics. Pop., 174. Houses, 28. The property
is divided anioi'.g a few. The manor belonged formerly
to the Siwards and the Stradlings. ilerthyr-Mawr
House is tie seat of the NichoUs; and its grounds con-
tain two fine sculptured crosses. The living is a vicar-
age in the diooe-e of Elandaif. Value, £02. Patron,
Mr-. Xich^'IL The church is good.
MERTHVK, TREDEGAR, AND ABERGAVENNY
KAIL'^\"AY, a railway in Glamorgan and Jloinnouth ;
from Merthyr-Tydvi!, east -north -eastward, to Aber-
gavenny. It was authorized in 1S59, on a capital of
£150,000 in share.s ar.d £49,900 in loans; it consists of
two parti, respectively 9i and 4^ miles long; it was
leased in 1;'J2, for 1,000 years, at 5 per cent., to the
Northwestern, with st ..-cial facilities to the Great ^Veste^n;
pnd it was ania'.gaui-it .-J in 1867 with the Northwestern.
It was originally single, and the compan)' was authorized
in 1S63, with additional capital of £7,000 in shares and
£23,000 is loa:iS, to double it, and to make some devi-
ations and r.ew works, all to be completed in Aug. 1866.
3IERTHYR-TYDVIL, a town, a parish, two sub-
distri ,ts, ^^.^d a district, in Glamorgan. The town stands
on the rivcr Tail", on the Glamorgan canal, and at a con-
vtrg-rnce of railways, li mile SE of the boundary with
Brecon, 4 "W of the boundary with Monmouth, and 21
NNW of C.irdia. It t;ikes its name from a noble lady,
ca'.l'jd Tu ilyl, daughter of a Celtic prince, and said to
liave bc-n martyred I'V Pagan Saxons in the 6th centuiy.
Ic adjoins tracts which abound iu traditions, and wliere
the ancient Britons au'l the Saxons were long in conflict;
and it is 5up2>o^ed to have been known to the Komans,
for ijurjiosiis of ir.ining in lead and iron ores. Yet it
never \v;is moie than a mere village till the Ixst cen-
tury; and it had, at one period in that century, so re-
iiuirkably f-;w as oi.ly 7 liouses. It owed its origin as a
town, and has owed i::imeuse increase of population and
iramensr i'rosi>erity, entirely to great wealth of minerals
around it, together with the estabiishnient and extension
of iroii-wur^. It began to emerge from obscurity about
1765, when Mr. Anthony Bacon established the iron-
works of Cyfirtha, which supplied the government with
uaunon till 17'52, and which came to iiave seven furnaces,
besides va.it puddhng and rolling mills, and passed
through several hands into the ownership of Messrs.
Criwsnay and Hi'l; and it acquired aiditional iniport-
n.
anco liy t'.ie establislimcnt of tlie iron works of Dowlais,
Peuydarren, and Plymouth, and by the working and ex-
port of mineral produce and of manufactured iron, till it
became the greatest seat of the iron trade in Great Bri-
tain. It stands on ground about 500 feet above sea-levo'.
w itli declivities sufhcicnt for very free drainage, and witi;
exposures abundant for the freest ventilation; and it is
surrounded by lofty mountain.s, rilfordiug it considerable
shelter, embosonung reaches of picturesque scenery, and
inviting its iniiabitants to atliletic exercise. Both its
site and its environs were natunilly bleak and wild ; and
they liave undergone v.\.^t artifii:i:d change, partly in the
introducing of ameiutie.5, and still more in the features
and acconq)animents of iron-works and mines. The view
of the place from neighbouring vantage-grounds, on a
cloudy day or in the dusk, luridly emblazoned with the
flames of the numerous furnaces, is both weird-like and
sublime.
The town gi-ew in a very irregular manner, rather iu
detached groups of offices and of labourers' cottages around
the sevend iron-works, than as a conqjact or continuous
town; it lay, and in a measure still lies, in .scattered
pieces, with rambling branches, about the valley and on
the hills; and it long was at once dingy, diity, and un-
healthy, without or<ler, without drainage, and without
so much as a fair supply of clean water. Disease was
prevalent; fever, small-pox, and cholera readily broke
in; and so few as 2 6 per cent, of the inhabitants reached
an age of 80 or upwards, while 12'1 per cent, in some
other parts of Wales reached that age. Great improve-
ments have latterly been made; many ^ood dwellings
have been erected ; a suburb of neat viUa-like houses, on
the S, has sprung up; an ample supply of pure water
was obtained in 1865; and sewerage-works, at a cost of
about £30,000, were constructed in 1866. The public
buildings include a market-house, barracks, a theatre,
four churches, about twent3'-four dissenting chapels, a
Roman Catholic chapel, a mechanics' institute, lour
public schools, and a workliouse; but they do not pre-
sent any feature of interest. The parish church is a
veiy plain structure; and has, in the outer wall, an in-
scribed slab, supposed to refer to a brother of St. I'ndfyl.
St. David's church was built iu 1846, and is a neat edi-
fice. The workhouse is a large building; and, at the
census of 1861, had 310 inmates. The tovni has a head
post-office,t railway stations with telegraph, two bank-
ing-offices, and two chief inns; and is a seat of petty
sessions and county courts, and a polling-place. Railways
go from it in four directions, toward Cardifl', Neath,
Brecon, and Abergavenny; and give it ample communi-
cation with great seaports, and with all parts of the
kingdom. The railway down the Tatf to Cardiff was
originally a tramway; and the first locomotive engine
ever run, was launched on that tramway from Merthyr
in 180.5, and went pretty well as far as Pontypridd, but
there came to a stand. Tlie Glamorgan canal is like-
wise of Vidue to the town, and was long a highly im-
portant medium of conveyance. The aggiegate trade is
enonnous, nearly all mineral, but has been fluctuating.
Markets are held on Wednesdays and Saturdays; ami
fairs are held on 18 March, 18 July, and 18 Nov. Mem-
bers of temperance societies are very numerous; frater-
nities of Odd Fellows frequently jiarade the streets in
holiday attire; and tlicre are several book clubs. A
stipendiary magistrate superintends the police a<l ministra-
tion; and a local board of health manages the cleaning
and the lighting. Tlie town was made a jjarliamentary
borough by the'i-eform act of 1332; it got one representa"-
tivo then, and got another by the act of 1S67; and, as a
borough, it comprises most of Merthyr-Tydvil parish, all
Aberdare parish, and chief part of Vainor j'arish, the last
clcctorallv in Brecon. Area, 45-1 sipiare miles. Electors
in 1833, 502; in 1868, 1,387. Amount of property an/i
income tax charged in 1S63, £13,104. Pop. in 1S51,
63,030; in 1861, 83,875. Houses, 16,114. Pop. in
1361, of the part in Jlerthyr-Tydvil parish, 49,119; of
the part in Vainor parish, 2,457.
The parish iucludes the hamlets of Forest, Garth, Gel-
lideg, lleolwermood. Tail", and Cynun ; several of which
JMERTON.
322
MERTON.
meet in the interior of the town. Acres. 17,744. Keal
property of Forest, £4,678, — of which £900 are in mines;
of Garth, £48,976,— of wliich £31,670 are in iron-works,
£2,854 in quarries, and £400 in railways; of GelliJeg,
£11,410,— of which £2,323 are in quarries, and £75 in
railways; of Heolwermood, £99,859,— of which £10,752
are in mines, £51,595 in iron-works, £422 in railways,
and £1,400 in gas-works; of Taff and Cvnon, £2,275.
Pop. of the whole in 1801, 7,705; in 1S21, 17,404; in
1841, 34,977; in 1861, 49,794. Houses, 9,855. Cy-
fiirtlia Castle is the seat of R. Crawshay, Esq. ; stands
above Cyfartha iron-works, in a good position, backed
by wooded hills; is a modern edifice, in the castellated
style, with a very fine round tower ; and has neatly kept
grounds. Dowlais House was formerly the seat of Sir
John Guest, Bart., and is now the residence of G. Clarke,
Esq. Morlais Castle is traditionally said to have been
built by Ivor Bach, a famous chieftain of the 12th cen-
tury; was the scene of a singular legal dispute between
the Crown and the lords of the Welsh marches in the
time of Edward I. ; stands on a lofty limestone cliff, over-
hanging the lesser Taff, near the boundarj- with Brecon ;
is now a shattered ruin, comprising portions of several
towers; and includes a chamber, cleared out in 1S46,
and about 90 feet in circumference, with a groined roof
supported by a central pillar. The coal, in the worked
mines, is of excellent quality; and the iron accompanies
the coal strata in veins of argillaceous ore, so rich as to
yield about 35 per cent, of its weight in metal. The liv-
ing is a rectory, united with the chapelry of St. David,
in the diocese of LlaudalT. Value, £675.* Patron, the
Marquis of Bute. The chapelries of Cjfartha and Pen-
trebach are separate benefices. The first dissenting con-
gregation in "Wales was formed in this parish in 1620;
two Presbyterian congregations were formed in 1749 and
1821; three Independent, in 1810 and 1831; a Baptist,
in 1S07; and two Wesleyan Methodist, and a Calvinis-
tic, in 1812. Charities, £44.
The two sub-districts are Lower ilerthvr-Tydvil and
Upper M.-T. Lower M.-T. consists wholly of part of
M.-T. parish, and comprises 15,244 acres. Pop., 25,300.
Houses, 5,028. Upper M.-T. contains the rest of M.-T.
parish, and all Vainor parish, the latter electorally in
Brecon. Acres, 9,097. Pop., 27,478. Houses, 5,476.
— The district gave off the parishes of Llanfabon and
Llanwonno, and all the parish of Ystradyfodwg, except
Rhigos hamlet, in July 1863, to form part of the new-
district of Pontypridd; and, till then, it comprehended
also the sub-district of Gelligaer, containing the parishes
of Gelligaer, Llanfabon, and Llanwonno; and the sub-dis-
district of Aberdare, containing the parishes of Aberdare,
Ystradj-fodwg, and Penderj-n, the last electorally in
Brecon. Acres, 112,886. Poor-rates in 1S63, exclusive
of the Pontypridd portion from Julv, £32,625. Pop. in
1851, 76,804; in 1S61, 107,105. Houses, 20,408. Mar-
riages in 1863, exclusive of the Pontypridd portion from
July, 952; births, 4,254, — of which 239 were illegiti-
mate; deaths, 2,641, — of which 1,337 were at ages
under 5 years, and 36 at ages above 85. MaiTiages in
the ten years 1S51-60, 10,062; births, "9,955; deaths,
26,311.- The places of worship, in 1S51, were 17 of
the Church of England, wth 4,894 sittings; 26 of In-
dependents, with 9,451 s. ; 30 of Baptists, v,-ith 12,923 s. ;
2 of Unitarians, with 461 s. ; 16 of Wesleyan Jlethodists,
with 3,961 s.; 4 of Primitive Methodists, with 702 s. ;
2 of Wesleyan Reformers, with 120 s. ; 15 of Calviiiistic
Methodists, with 6,841 s.; 1 undefined, with 305 s.; 7
of Latter Day Saints, with 1,760 .s. ; 1 of Roman Catho-
lics, with 300 s. ; and 1 of Jews, with 400 s. The
schools were 22 public day schools, with 2,956 scholars;
51 private day schools, with 1,460 s.; 97 Sunday schools,
with 15,716 s. ; and 6 evening schools for adidts, with
258 s.
MERTON, a village and a parish in Torrington dis-
trict, Devon. The village stands on the river ileer, an
affluent of the Torridge, 5 miles NNW of Hatherleigh,
and 14 S\V of Eggesford r. stition; is a pleasant place,
with picturesque environs; and has a p^'.st-office under
iieaford. Isorth Devon. The parish contiuns also the
hamlets of Potheridge and Smithacott. Acres, 3,738,
Real property, £3,647. Pop., 820. Houses, 150. Tho
manor of Merton belonged to a famil)' of its own name
from the time of Heniy'll. till that of Edward III. The
manor of Potheridge belongs to the Hon. J[ark Rolle.
Potheridge House was long the seat of tho Le Moignes;
became the birthplace and the property of General
Jlonk ; was rebuilt by him after he became Duke of
Albemarle; was taken down in the last century; and is
now represented chiefly by its stables. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £388.* Pa-
tron, Lord Clinton. The church is a splendid edifice,
with a tower; and was, not long ago, restored and beau-
tified. There is a national school.
MERTON, a parish in Waylaud district, Norfolk; on
the Burj'-St. Edmunds, Thetford, and Watton radway, 2
miles S of Watton, and 10 NNE of Thetford. Post-town,
Watton, under Thetford. Acres, 1,362. Real property-,
£1,503. Pop., 194. Houses, 35. The property, with
Merton Hall, belongs to Lord Walsingham. The Hall
was long the seat of the De Greys; was almost rebuilt in
1613; is a red biick edifice, in the Tudor style; and
stands in a finely- timbered park, about 2 miles in lengtli,
and containing an ancient oak which measures fully 23}
feet in girth at 6 feet from the ground. The living is ;i
rectory in the diocese of Norwielu Value, £174.* Pa-
tron, Lord Walsingham. The church stands in the park,
about 300 yards NE of the Hall; is decorated English,
with very beautiful windows; comprises nave, S aisle,
and chancel, with early Norman circular tower; and con-
tains a font with lofty carved oak canopy. The charities
consist of 5 acres of town land and 5 cothiges.
MERTON, a parish, with a village, in Bicester district,
Oxford ; on the river Ray, near the O.^cfurd and Bletchley
railway, 4 miles SSW of Bicester. Post-town, Bicester.
Acres, 1,990. Keal property, £3,317. Pop., 204.
Houses, 42. The manor belonged formerly to the Har-
rinrrtons, and belongs now to Sir Edward Turner, Bart.
The manor-house was built in the time of Queen Eliza-
beth; gave a few days' concealment to Prince Charles
Edward, in the time of Sir James Harrington ; and is
now a modernised farm-house. A branch Rue of Roman
road, now almost obliterated, intersects the parish; ami
a causewav, nearly 2 miles long, constructed at gieat
cost by Sir G. P. turner, connects the village of Merton
\^-ith that of Ambrosden. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of 0.xford. Value, £240.* Patron, Exeter Col-
lege, Oxford. The church is chiefly decorated English;
and consists of nave, S aisle, and chancel, with a tower.
There is a pai-ochial school.
MERTON, a village and a parish in Croydon district,
Surrey. The viUage stands on the river WantUe, 4 "■
mUe S of the junction of the lines of the Southwestern
railway t<3ward Guilford and toward Croydon, and 5 E
of Kingston-upon-Thames ; was known to the Saxons as
Merendun and Meretun; is a scattered place, on low
ground; carries on industry in a copper mill, .several silk
printing-works, and an e.xtcusive bleachery; has access
to railway stations at the junction. Lower Merton, and
Mertou-Abbey; has a post-olRccj; urulcr London S,
a police station, and two animal f.drs; and gives the
title of Visi'ount to Earl Nelson. The jiarish comprises
1,780 acres. Real properc}-, £9,006. Pop., 1,822.
Houses, 353. The jiroperty is nnich subdivided. The
manor belonged to tlie Saxon kings; was probably the
deathplace of Cynewuif of Wessex, murdi^red in
784 by iEtheling Cyneheard; and was the place where
/Etheling himself r.nd 54 of his followers _v.-ere slain.
ilerton-pLice was the residence of Lord Nelson from
1801 tin 1S03; was be peathed by him to Lady Ha-
milton; was sold by her in 180S; and has disappeared.
The giounds around it were laid out by Lady Hamil-
ton; were traversed by a streamlet, in aitificial wiud-
in"-s, called the Nile; and are now covered with small
buildings. Lord Nelson used to angle in the Wandle,
which is described by Isaac \V,?lton as having "fishful
qualities," but has almost wholly lost them through
the effects of mdls and factorie.s; and he is conmiemo-
rated by "Nelson- Place" in the village. An Aui;iu-
51ESIIAW.
MF/rHOP AND ULPHA.
•tiiiiau abU'y was fouinkd at Mertou in 1115, by Gilbort
Ic Xormaii, " Vioecmaus" of Siiiroy; obtaineil a ^rant of
the mauor of Mi.rto'.i from Henry T. ; educatoil Tlioni:is
h, Becket and Wultci- de Jlerton, the founder of Jfertoii
College, Oxford; gave sanctuary to Hubert de Burgh in
1232, from the uispleiisure of Ifeury HI.; was mcuaceil
by about 2(i,000 of the citizens of Loudon, brought down
to take Do Burgh by force, but eventually restrained by
the Kin^; was the meeting-jilace, in 123G, of the parlia-
ment which passed the statues of ilerton, and replied to
the ecclesiastics who wished to introduce the canon law,
" Vi'e will not change the laws of England; " had revenues
at the dissolution, amounting to XI, 039; appears to have
been occupied, in the civil wars of Charles I., asagarrison;
was advertised to be let in 1 GSO ; became a factory for
calico printing: and is now represented by only the walls
and the E window. Walter de Merton was a native; and,
on resolving to found a college, he at first designed to
place it at ^laldon, in the vicinity of Kingston. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Winchester. Va-
lue, £145.* Patron, the Rev. S. Dawes. The church is
partly Norman, but mainly early English; comprises a.
narrow nave and chancel, with a low W spire; was en-
largetl with addition of a X aisle, and generally repaired,
in 1S66; and contains a painting by Luca Giordano, and
some old dilapidated tombs. The churchj'ard contains
the tomb of Francais Nixon, who introduced calico print-
ing to the neighbourhood. There are chapels for Inde-
pendents and Wesleyans, a national school, an appren-
ticing endowment of ,£96 a-vear, and charities £37.
]MEUTOX, AVUts. See Maedex.
3IESHAW, a p.arish, with a village, in South Molton
<listrict, Devon ; 5 miles SE by S of South Molton, and
« NE of Eggesford r. station. Post-town, South Molton,
North Devon. Acres, 1,751. Keal property, £1,191.
Pop., 250. Houses, 55. The property is subdivided.
The manor also is divided. Meshaw House, or Barton,
was anciently tlie seat of the CoHrtenaj^s, and is now a
I'.irni-house. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Exeter. Valne, £197. Patron, the Rev. W. Karslake.
The church wa.s rebuilt in 1S3S; retains the tower of a
lireWous edifice of 1691 ; consists of nave and chancel;
j'.nd contains a memorial window to T. H. Karslake who
feU at Sobastopol, and several monuments of .the Cour-
tenays. There are a chapel for Bible Christians and a
national school.
MESSING, a \-illage and a parish in William district,
Essex. The village stands 2 miles E of Blackwater
river, 2J ENE of Kclvedon r. station, and 3' SE of Cog-
geshall; is snp|ir,sed to have got its name from Saxon
words, signifying " the field of trampling," in allusion to
a b.ittle between Queen Boadicea and the llomans; and
lias a post-office under Kelvedon, and a fair on the first
'I'liesday of Jul}'. The parish comprises 2,549 acres.
Keal property, i-l, 21 7. Pop., SI 3. Houses, 104. The
liifiperty is much subdivided. The manor belonged for-
merly to the Luck}'ns, and belongs now to the Earl of
\'enilam. An ancient camp was on Ihuborough Hall
l';\nn; and Iloman pottery has been found. Tlie living is
a vicarage in the dioce.se of Rochester. Value, £370.*
Patron, the Earl of Verulam. The church is an ancient
edifice, founded by Sir William do Messing; has been
modernized and considerably enlarged ; includes two new-
transept!-, and a red brick and compo tower; and con-
tains oak-panelling of the time of James I., a finely
carved font, a piscina, and two brasses. There are a
national school, anil charities £4.
MESSINOHAM, a village, a township, and a parish
ia (ilanford-P.rigg district, Lincoln. The vill.ige stands
3i miles E of the riv. r Trent, 4 NW by N of Kirton-in-
LiiiiL^vy r. station, and 7k W by S of Glanford-lJrigg; is
l.irge ?.nd well built; and has a pust-officc under Kirton-
liinisiy, and a fair on Trinity Monday. — The township
comprises 5,450 acres. Real property, £7,922. Pop.,
],0S6. ilousvs, 247. — The jiarish contains also the
larger portion of East I'utterwick township. Acres,
with the re-'t of East Butterwick, 6,130. I;,m1 propc^rtv,
with tlie vest of E. P.., £10,319. Pop., exclusive of the
rcit of E. B., I,3'j2. Houses, 3ul. The propeity is
subdivided. The manor belongs to W. Smith, E.sq.
About 1,000 acres were formerly a low, .sandy, barren
tiact upon the Trent; but have been highly improved by
warping. The living is a vicarage, united with the vi-
carage of Bottcsforil, in the diocese of Lincoln. Value,
£650.* Patron, alternately the Bishop of Lincoln and
the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. The church is a neat
structure, witli a tower; and was partly rebuilt in ISl?,
at a cost of nearly £2,000. There are chapels for Wes-
leyans and Primirive Jlethodists, a reading-room and
library, and a recently erected national school.
METFIELI5, a village and a ])arish in Hoxne district,
Suffolk. The village stands 2^ miles SE of the river
Waveney, at the boundary with Sullblk, and iS NE by E
of Ilarlestou r. station; and has a post-office imder Har-
leston. The p.irish comprises 2,162 acres. Keal pro-
perty.^ £3,762. Pop., 663. Plouses, 141. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. The manor, with Met-
field Hall, belongs to Mrs. Ea3-ley. The living is a
donative in the diocese of Norwich. Value, £S0.* Pa-
trons, the Parishioners. The church is old but good;
and consists of nave and chancel with a tower. There
are a Primitive Jlethodist chapel, an endowed national
school with £26 'a-vear, and some small diarities.
METHAM, a to"~ushin in Howden parish, E. R. York-
.sliire; on the Humber, near Ermine-street, ih miles SE
bj' E of Howden. Acres, 920. Real property, £1,121.
Pop., 91. Houses, 11. Roman urns and pottery have
been found.
METHERINGHAM, a village and a parish in the dis-
trict and county of Lincoln. The village stands near a
navigation to the river Witham, 5 miles E of the rail-
way from Lincoln to Sleaford, 6 miles WSW of Stixwould
r. station, and SJ SE of Lincoln ; and has a post-office
under Sleaford, and a Saturday evening matket around au
ancient reconstnicted cross. The parish contains also
the hamlet of Tanvats. Acres, 4,590. Real property,
£3,206. Pop., 1,532. Houses, 339. The manor be-
longs to H. CJiaplin, Esq. Metheringliam drain goes
hence to the river AVithani. The linng is a vicarage in
the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £460.* Patron, the
Marquis of Bristol The church is old. There are a
Weslevan chapel, and charities £5.
JIETHEKS-GATE, a place in the SE of Suffolk; ou
the river Deben, 2 miles SSE of Woodbridge.
METHLEY, a village and a parish in Poutcfract dis-
trict, W. E. Yorkshire. The village stands near a sta-
tion of its own name on the Leeds and Normantoii lino
of the jNIidlaiKl railway, between the confluence of tho
rivers Aire and Calder, 5i miles NE by N of Wakefield;
dates from some j>eriod before Domesday ; is a large, well-
built, plea'^ant pla.-e, amid rich and finely-wooded en-
virons; and has a post-office undi-r Leeds. The parish
comprises 3,240 acres. Real property, £13,204 ; ot
which £4,000 are in mines, and £440 in railwavs. Pop.
in 1851, 1,926; in 1S61, 2,472. Houses, 501. " The pro-
perty is not much divided. Tlie manor and most of tho
land" belong to the Earl of Mexborough. Methley Hall,
a stately mansion, also belongs to the Earl. Coal of ex-
cellent quality is largely mined. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Ripon. Value, £903.* Patron, the Duchy
of Lancaster. The church is partly decorated English,
partly perpendicul.ir ; consists of nave, aisles, transept,
chancel, and poivh. vrith tower and spire; has, over the
S entrance, a mutilated statue of King Oswald; and con-
tains some ancient and beautiful monuments of the
Watertons and Savilles. There are chapels for Wes-
leyans, Primitive Methodists, and United Free Me-
thodists, a national school for boys, and a national
school for girls.
5IETHLEY JUNCTION, a railway station in W. R.
Yorkshire; at a j.'.iiction of lines of the Jlidhmd and tho
Lancashire and Vorkshire railways, 1.', mile SE of Meth-
lev village.
".METllOP AND ULPHA, a township in Bectham
parish, Westmorclaml; on Morecambe bay, at the mouth,
of the river Kent, 4 miles ENE of Cartmel. Acres, 3,561;
of which 1,716 are water. Pop., 76. Houses, 13. Tho
area includes Holme island.
METHWOLD.
324
MEXBOROUGH.
Mi:THWOr-I>, a viUiige, a parisli, and a sub-district,
in Thetfoi-a district, Norfolk. Tlie village stands 2}
miles SSW of the river Wissev, 2^ WXW of the Devil's
dyke, and 5^ NW by N of Drandoii r. station ; was once
a market-town ; has still a cattle market ou Mondays,
and a cattle foir on 2-3 April; and has a post-ollice under
Brandon. The parish contains also the hamlet of Meth-
wold-Hithe, situated 1 mile W by N of the village.
Acres, 13,192. Keal property, £11,43S. Pop. in ishl,
1,669; in 1S61, 1,509. Houses, 332. The property is
much subdivided. Au extensive tract was formerly
heath, famous for rabbits, known as Muel or Jlethwold
rabbits; and is now all under cultivation. The inhabitants
are exempt from serving on juries out of the manor, and
from tolls at a-.arkets and fairs. A small priory, a cell
to Castle-Acre, was once at Slevesholrn, and has left some
traces. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Nor-
wich. Value, £340.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor. Tlie
church consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with pinnacled
tower and octagonal lantern and spire: and is large, good,
and beautiful. There are a large Wesleyan chapel, chiefly
of flint; a daily school, supported by the duchy of Lan-
caster; and charities £50. — The sub-district contains also
eleven other parishes, and three extra-parochial tracts.
Acres, 68,693. Pop., 8,869. Houses, 1,978.
METROPOLITAIs^ RAILWAY. See Lo.vdox.
METROPOLITAN DISTRICT RAILWAY. See
Loxuox.
METROPOLITAN AND St. JOIIN'S-WOOD RAIL-
WAY, a railway in iliddlesex; from the Baker-street
station of the Jletropolitan, 2i miles, through St. John's
Wood, to the Hampstead Junction, near FLnchley-Road
station; together with an extension, 1 mile, to Hamp-
btead. The original line was authorized in 1834, on a
capital of £300,000 in shares, and £100,000 in loans;
the extension, in 1865, on a cajiital of £200.000 in shares,
and £66,000 in loans; and both were completed in 1863.
METTINGHAM, a village and a parish in Wangford
district, Sufl'olk. The vUlage stands near the river
Waveney, at the boundary with Norfolk, 2 miles E oi"
Bungay r. station; is a scattered place; and has a post-
office under Buiigaj-. The parish comprises 1,386 acres.
Keal property, £3,101. Pop., 387. Houses, SO. The
property is divided among a few. The manor belonged,
from the time of Edward I. till that of Edward III., to
the family of De Norwich; passed to the Uttbrds; and
belongs now to the Kev. J. C. Safford. A castle was
built here, in the time of Edward III., by Sir John de
Norwich; appears to have been a large and strong strac-
ture; and is now an ivy-clad ruin. The residence of
the Rev. J. C. Safford stands pleasantly within the ruin.
A college, for a master and thirteen chaplains or fellows,
was founded about the same time as the castle; was en-
dowed with the manor of jMcttingham, and with other
manors; educated and maintained a number of boys, at
an annual charge of £28; and had revenues at the dis-
solution, valued at £202. The living is a vicariige in the
diocese of Norwich. Value, £200.* Patron, the Rev.
J. C. Saflbrd. The churcli stands on an eminence, com-
manding fine views of the Waveney 's valley; and is an-
old but good building, with a round tower. There is a
town estate yielding upwards of £100 a-year; and £20
of the income are given to a school, and £30 in coals to
the poor.
METTON, a parish in Erpingham district, Norfolk;
3^ miles S by W of Cromer, and 17 N£ of Elmham r.
station. Post-town, Roughton, under Norvvich. Acres,
660. Real property, £897. Pop., 78. Houses, 19.
The property is divided among a few. The manor be-
longs to John Kettou, Esq. The living Ls a rectorj^ an-
nexed to the rectory of Felbrigg, in the diocese of Nor-
mch. The church was recently in disrepair.
MEUX. See Meau.x.
MEVAGISSEY, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
iu St. Austell district, Cornwall. The village stands ou
a beautiful bay of its own name, 5.^ miles S of St. Aus-
tell r. station ; took its name from two saints, St.
Mevau and St. ls.sey; is a sub-port to Fowey, with a
l)ier and a capacious harbour; conducts so extensive a
pilchard fishery that 16,000 hogsheads have been taken
in one year in its bay,— though the quantity of Jnte has
very greatly declined; carries on abo an import trade in
coal, timber, salt, and other things; has long had a bad
name for dirt and fishy malolour; was so fearfully
scourged by cholera iu 1849 that its inhabitants moved
into tents till it was cleansed; and has a ])ost-officei
under St. Austell, a good inn, a coast-guard station, a
market on Saturdays, and a fair on St. Peter's day. The
parish contains also the hamlets of Penwarne, Tre^dskev,
and Trelaven. Acres, 1,344. Real property, £4,S-^9!
Pop. in 1851, 2,022; in 1361, 1,914. Houses, 450.
Pcnwanie and Pentuan belong to the Trcma\-nes' Tre-
giskey and Ti-elaven belonged formerly to the GrouviUes,
but belong now also to the Tremaynes; and Porthhilly be-
longs to the Hobl>-ns. The surface is hilly. The bay mea-
sures 3 miles across the entrance, and 1| mile thence to
the head ; is bounded ou the N by Black Head, 153 feet
high,— on the S by Chapel Point, commanding a tine
view of the coa.st eastward to the entrance of Plymouth
sound; and has a depth of IS feet within the village-pier
at liigh water of spring tides. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £200.* Patrons, the
Representatives of J. Benbow, Esq. The church is an-
cient, and has lost its tower. There are chapels for In-
dependents, Wesleyans, and Primitive Methodists, and
a national school. — The sub-district contains also three
other parishes. Acres, 12,874. Pop., 4,575. Hoilscs
1,003.
.MEW (The). See Meavy (TiirA.
MEWAN(Sr.), a Tillage and a parish in St. Austell
district, Cornwall. The villa^je stands near the Corn-
wall railwa}', 1^ mile SW by V,' of St. Austell r. station;
and is a considerable but priuiitivc ]dace. The parish
contains .also the hamlets of Bur:,'a:ilo and Trewoon.
Post-town, St. Austell. Acres, 2,632. Real property,
£2,954; of which £540 are in quarries. Poi>., 1,227.
Houses, 233. St. Mewans Beacon is a hill of greenstone
rock, rising 385 fee: above sea-level. Copper and tin are
found; and there are traces of silver and gold. The liv-
ing is a rectoiy in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £284.*
Patron, R. Taylor, Esq. The cliurch has lost the upper-
most stage of its tower.
MEWSTOXE, a shaggy sandstone sea-rock off the
SW coast of Devon; near Wemburv Point, 2^ miles SE
of Plymouth breakwater. It forms"a terminal feature in
the scenery of the E side of Plymouth sound.
MEWSTONE (Great and' Little), t«o slaty sea-
rocks off" the S coast of Devon; at the mouth of Salcombe
harbour.
MEXBOROUGH, a village, a township, and a parish,
in Doncaster district, W. R. Yorkshire. The village
stands on the Dearne and Dove canal, near the river
Don, and near the junction of the Doncasi»r and Shef-
field and the Sheffield and Keadhy railways, 5* miles
NE by N of Rotherham; sprang suddenly into note, from
an obscure condition, about the beginning of the present
centuiy; is a large and rapidly increasing place; has a
post-office:;: under Rotherham, a station with telegrapli
at the railway junction, a large hotel, and soverafgood
inns; and gives the title of Earl to the family of Saville.
The township compiises 1,253 acres. Rea'l property!
£5,102; of which £30 are in quarries, £80 in mines, and
£126 in iron-works. Pop. in 1S51, 1,506: in 1861,
2,462. House-s 525. The increase of pop. was caused
mainly by proximity to the South Yorkshire Railway
company's works at Swiuton.— The parish contains also
the township of Denabv, and comprises 2,323 acres.
Real property, £6,853. "Pop. in 1S51, 1,652; in 1,861^
2,665. Houses, 562. The propertv is .subdivided. The
manor of :Mexborough belong.- to A.'W. Mont.i,gnp, Es.i. ;
and that of Denahy to J. Fullenon, Esq. Jl'e.xborough
House is the residence of :Mi-s. Barker. Mexborough
Common has been enclosed; and it commands very line
views. There are ironworks, a famous pottery, glass
works, a large .<;anitaiy pipe manufactory, an extensive
brewery, boat -building establishments, .several stono
quarries, and .some fine beds of coal. 'J'lie livin" is a vic-
arage in the diocese of York. A'ulue, £300. *" Patron
MEVAKTH.
325
MICHAEL'SMOUXT (St^.
the Arohieacon of York. Tlie church is ancient; was
reoently rei'sired and beautified; consists of nave, S aisle,
channel, and j'Orcb, with tower and spire; iiiul contains
iiiounments of the Savilles. Tliere are chapels for Wes-
Irvaa.s Primitive Methodists, and United Free Mcthod-
LsT.s a sitional >:hool, and alms-houses with £6 a-_vear.
The uanoiial school was Iniilt in 1S*)6, at a cost of about
£j,C"'.'0: is ia th? earlv English style; and has a slated
Ulfrv a-_J st.ire'.et 46 feet high.
MEVAP.Tll, a townshiji in Gw3-ddelwem parish,
Meri.-:.>-:h: 2 miles N of Conven.
.MEYr.LTEVRX. See MvLLTF.Yr.x.
MEVyELL-LANOLEY. See Langley-Kirk.
MEY>EY-HA^[PTOy. See Hamptok-Maisky.
MIA^VST, a hamlet in Llanaithney parish, Caruiar-
therishire; Ti rai'cs E of Carmuithcn.
MICHAEL-BEDWAP.DIXE ;St.). See BEDWAn-
1)IXE-Sr. illCilAEL.
2iIICHAEL-CAKHAYES, a juuish in St. Austell dis-
trict, Cornwall ; on Ver}-,;ii bay, 3 miles SE by E of
T.-egony, anl 0 S by E cf Grainpound-Eoad r. station.
T'ost-to-.m, Si. Au-tell. Acres, 870. Eeal property,
i::-94. Pop., 17:<. Houses, 34. All the propert}-, ex-
cept the gle'i-e, i^lon!;^ to J. 51. ^Villiams, Esq. The
inansion of the Trevanions once stood here; and a castel-
late<l Gothic boil'linj,', by the architect of Buckingham
j<alac», T;o-.r cc'jpies its site; and has, in the wall of its
entracce gnlleiy, a stone =cnlptiired with the royal arms,
raproitil lo be of the tiirie of one of the Edwards. The
living is a rectory and a vicarage in the diocese of Exeter.
Value, £150.* Patron, tl.e Hon. G. M. Fortescue. The
church has a c-a-siellated tower; contains old helmets,
tworij;, ar.d gsuatbits of the Trevanion family, in-
C'udii:g 2 sword wielded by Sir Hugh Trevanion at Bos-
tvonh field; and was reo'ntly restored.
^MK-HAELCHUKCH, a hamlet in Tretire parish,
Hereford: on the Garran brook, 5 miles MW of Poss. It
&:;oe was a rarlsh: and it still ranks, ecclesiastically, as
a recton-. annexed to the rectorv of Tretire, in the" dio-
cese cf H--efor.L
MICllAELCHUECH, Isle of Man. See Kikk-
JliCHAVL.
MICIIAELCHCRCH, Somerset. See Michael-
ciirnrH (St.).
IflCHAELCHrPCH-ESKLEY, a parish, with a vil-
lage, in the district and count}' of Hereford ; on the river
Eikley, aa af."uent of the river Monnow, under the
Black raountains, 3i miles E of the boundary with Bre-
con, 7 miles y\V of Poutrilas r. station, and 7| SE of
Hav. P..st-town, Abereavennv. Acres, 4,567. Real
i:.pcrtT, £;3,fi43. Pop.T 448. " Houses, 87. The pro-
.I-:rty is Each suldividei The living is a vicarage,
annexe'! to the vicarage of St. ^Margaret's, in the dio-
cese of Hertford. The church is early English, with a
lower; and was recently in disrepair. There are an en-
JoM-eJ schocd with £.5 a-vear, and charities £18.
MICHAELCHriJCH-ON-AltROW, a parish in Pres-
irigrie district, Radnor; on the river Arrow, near the
Vjundary \rith Hereford, 6 miles SW by W of Kington
r. station. Post-town, Kington. Acres, 1,936. Real
properrv, £1,445. Pop., 138. Houses, 23. A castle
Ka.3 built liere in the Xormaii times; and has left some
ipins. Tlie living is a r-ctory, annexed to BriUey, in
ti.e diocw* of He.-e:' /rd. Th» church was restored in l'869.
MICHAEL (M-.j, a place in the N of Cornwall; on
t:.- rirrr Alan, 2 n.iles E of Padstow.
MICHAEL (.St. ,1, Mid-Cornwall. See MnciiELL.
MICH.i.EL (St.), Herts and other counties. See
Albans ;.-^t.), Batk, R::istoi., Camriudoe, Chksteh,
'■..LciiEiTT:!:, CoVENir.v, Deki-.v, Elmiiam (South),
Glolc/.»ti:::, Ha.sti.ngs, Lewes, Lictiiu'.Mi, Li.molx,
I.'.».\i'ON, Noi:w[(.n, OxEonn, Soi:tiia.mi lox, Sta.m-
y'-::v. Vi.sTHF.-TFK, ^Vo:;c^;s^l:R, Yonic Ac
MICHAELCHrPClI ..St.\ a parUh in Bridgeuater
district, .Somer-.t; on the liridgiwatcr and Taunton
cmal, near the Pristol ami Exeter raihvay, 5 miles S of
Pridgewater. Ptattown, Bridgtwater. Acres, 43. Real
jropcrty, £.^K'. Pop.. 2:'. Ileuses, .«;. Tlic vrnprrty
frile:i>p :c Sir Alfred Slade, Bart. The living is a ^
curacy in the diocese of Batli and "Wells. Value, i60.
Patron, Sir P. Acland, Bart. The church consists of
nave, with a low tower; and contains monuments of the
Sladcs.
MICHAEL-ON-AVYRE(ST.).avillngeandasiib-di,trict
in Garstang district, and a pari.-h partly also in Fylde and
Preston districts, Lancashire. Tlie village stands on the
river AV'yre, 3 miles W by X of Brock r. station, and 31
SW of Garstang; is in the township of Upjier Rawclitl'e-
with-Tarnacre; and has a neat stone bridge over the
river. The sub-district comprises the St. Michael
townships of Out-Rawclitl'c, UiJper-Rawcliffe-with-Tarn-
acre, Great Eccleston, and Inskip-with-Sowerby, the
Latuaster township of Jlyerscough, and the Garstang
townshij) of Bilsborrow. Acres, 15,965. Pop., 3,359.
Houses, 638. — The parish, in addition to its four town-
ships in the sub-district, contains the townships of Els-
wick and Wood-Plumpton. Post-to\\-n, Garstang, Lanca-
shire. Acres, 18,114; of which ISO are water. Ileal
property, £29,570. Pop. in 1S51, 4,6S.); in 1861, 4,509.
Houses, 879. The property is much subdivided. The
manors of Upper Rawclifl'e and Inskip belong to the Earl
of Derby; that of Gut-Rawclifle belongs to the repre-
sentatives of the late R. AV. Ffrance, Esi|.; and that of
Wood-Plumpton belongs to C. Birlev, Esq. Rush-
cutting is largely carried on in Great Eccleston; and tiles
and drain-pipes are extensively made in AVood-Plumpton.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Manchester.
Value, £580.* Pati'on, the Rev. W. Hornby. The
church is of the time of Hcniy VIII. ; succeedecl an an-
cient one, supposed to have been built about 640; com-
prises nave and aisles, with battlemented tower ; and in^
eludes a N oratory, formerly the mortuaiy chapel of the
Butler family. The chapelries of Copp or Great
Eccleston, Out -Rawclifl'e, Inskip, and Wood-Plumpton
are separate benefices. There are, in the several town-
ships, a Baptist chapel, three Wesleyan chapels, two
Primitive Methodist chapels, two Roman Catholic chapels,
two endowed schools and three national schools. There
are also, in Wood-Plumpton, a police-station and a small
workhouse.
M1CHAEL-PENKEVIL(St.), a village and a parish
in Truro district, Cornwall. The village stands IJ mile
from Mopas feny on St. Clement's creek, and 4 SE of
Truro r. station; and has a post-office, under Probus, Corn-
wall. The parish comprises 1,159 acres. Real property,
£984. Pop., 194. Houses, 35. The manor belonged to the
Penkevils; passed to the Courtenays, the Carminow.s,
and the Boscawens; and belongs now to Viscount Fal-
mouth. Tregonian au<l Xancarrow are old scats. The
rocks are slaty, and have traces of copper. The living is
a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. A'alue, £156.* Pa-
tron, Viscount Falmouth. The church was originally
a fine structure of the 13th and the 14th centuries; was
pai-tly restoied, partly rebuilt, subsequent to 1859; a
liuttres.sed tower, including a curious oratory with a
stone altar; and contains a metal tablet of 1515 to the
Rev. John Trembrass, and a monument by Rysbrach to
Admiral Boscawen.
MICHAEL'S-MOUXT (St.), an extra-parochial place
in Penzance district, Cornwall; in Mounts bay, i} of a
mile S of Jfai-juion. Acres, 70. Real property, £408.
Pop., 132. Houses, 34. It is an island, about 1 mile
in circumference, and 250 feet high; and is connected
with the main land by a causeway 400 yards long,
flooded 8 hours in evciy 12 by the tide. It probably
fonned part of an nncieut forest, continuous with the
main land, and extending soiue distance into what is now
called Jlounts bay; and it was called, ly the ancient
British, Carreg-Ludgh-en-Loos,— and by the ancient Cor-
nish men, Caracluwse-in-Cowse, — names which signify
"the Hoar Rock in the Wood." A charter of Edward
the Confessor speaks of it as "nigh tlie sea;" and a
statement of William of Worcester says tliat it was
"originally enclosed within a v,-ry thick wood, distant •
from the ocean six miles, affording the tincst shelter to
wild beasts." 'I'he catastrophe which in',olated it is
thoui^ht to have been a sudden subsidence of land; n)iii-
po-.,il.Iy have iLippeUcd su l.ite a^ the Year 10l»U when >
JirCHAEL'S MOUNT (St.).
326
I.nCHAELSTOXE-SUrER-AVON.
remarkable inuaJation is reoorJod by the Saxon
Chronicle to have occurred at the place ; and appears to
be verified by great abundance of vegetable remains, in-
cluding leave?;, nuts, branches, tnink.s, and roots of large
trees, in a deposit of black mould over the bed of the bay
to the limits of ebb tide. The contour of the island is
somewhat pyramidal; the outlines are picturesque;
and the ascents exhibit much romantic rock scenery.
The surface is partly rabbit-warren, partly sparse pastor-
age, and partly naked crag; and it includes, at the N
base of the a.sceut, the site of a fishing village, with a
pier. Some planted firs diversify the surface; and a
nimiber of rare plants are found. The rocks are chiefly
gi-eenstone and granite, resting on clay slate ; they in-
clude quartz, wolfram, oxide of tin, topazes, apatite,
schorl, tin pyrites, and other minerals; and they have
been the subject of more geological controvei-sy than any
other equal mass of rooks iu the world.
St. Michael's Mount is the Ocrium of Ptolemy ; it is
believed to have been also the Ictis of Diodorus Siculus,
to which the merchants of ancient Greece traded for tin;
and it is thought to have had a temple to Apollo, erected
on it by the Phoenicians. A poet says respecting it,—
" Mountain, the curious muse might love to gaze
On the dim record of thy early clays;
Oft fancWng that she heard, like the low bla.st.
The sounds of mighty generations past.
Here the Phoenician, as reirote he sailed
Along the unknown coast, exulting hail'd;
And when lie saw thy rocky point aspire.
Thought on his native shores of Aradus or Tyre.
Thou only, aged mountain, dost remain !
Stern monument amidst the deluged plain,
And fruitless the big waves thy bulwarks beat;
The big waves slow retire and muiTuur at thy feet."
tjome heathen worship, in emulation or in siibstitution
of Phcenician worship of Apollo, may possibly have been
established liere by the ancient Britons ; and some sort
of Christian worship very probably followed immediately
or very soon after the introduction of Christianity.
Monkish record narrates that St. Keyn.a, a virgin of the
British Blood Royal, came hither on pilgrimage in the
5th century; an old legend says that an apparition of St.
Michael appeared on one of its crags to some hermits,
giving rise to the name St. Michael's Mount; and tradi-
tion points to a large rock on the W side, long called St.
Michael's Chaii', as the spot where the apparition was
seen. Milton, in his "Lycidas," alludes as follows to
the alleged vision: —
" Or whether thou, to our moist vows deny'd,
Sleep'st by the fable of Bellerus old,
Wiere the gi-eat vision of the guarded mount.
Looks toward Nanianeos and liayona's hold,
Look homeward, augel, now, and meh with ruth.
And, 0 ye dolphins, waft the hapless youth."
A Benedictine priory was founded on the mount bj'
Edward the Confessor; passed, at the Conquest, to Ro-
bert, Earl of Mortaigne ; was annexed by him to the
abbey of St. Maria de Pericula, in Normandy ; had
afterwards connected with it a small nunnery; fell to the
Crown at the confiscation of alien mona.steries in the
time of Henry V. ; was given bj' Henry VI. to King's
college, Cambridge, and transferred by Edward IV. to
Sion abbey; went, at the dissolution, to the ArmideUs ;
passed to the Millitons, the Harrises, the Cecils, and the
Bassets; and was sold, about 1C60, to the St. Aubins.
A garrison, was placed in it by Henry de la Pomeroy, in
the time of Richard I., in the service of Prince -John ;
and surrendered on the retuin of Richard from Palestine.
The Earl of Oxford and some companions, in the time of
Edward IV., after the battle of Barnet, approached it in
the disguise of pilgrims, took militar3- p''Ssession of it,
repelled several attacks In' the sht-riff of the county, and
made such a display of heroism as induced the king to
grant them a jiardon. Lady Catherine Gordon, the \vife
of Perkin Warbeck, took refuge in it iu the time of HeniT
VII., and was removed from it, and delivered to the
king, bx Lord Daubeny. The Cornish rebels, in the
time of Edward VI., seized it, were driv.jn from it, seized
it arain, and were a second time exn^^Hed. A party of
royalists, in the wars of Charles I., held it for the king,
made a stout defence of it again?: the parliamentarians
under Col. Hammond, and eventually capitulated on per-
mission to retire to the Scilly islarib". A visit was made
to it, in 1846, by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert;
and is commemorated by a metal tablet in the wall of
the pier.
Some remains of the priory, together with military
works, and with modern alterations and erections, ail
aggregately in castellated form, are on tile summit of the
mount. The ascent is by a rocky jiath. A draw-well
about 6 fathoms deep, is at the foot of the ascent; and a
tank, called the Giant's well, is a short way up. A cross
wall with embrasures, terminated by a picturesque niin
of a quondam sentrj'-bos, commands the approach above
the tank. . A platform, with two batteries, is bej-ond the
cross wall ; and an open flight of steps leads thence to a
small saluting batteiy, and to the portal of the castle.
Tlie hall, the chapel, the dwelling-rooms, and the tower
of the castle all possess interest. The haU was the re-
fectory of the monks; is entered by a door of later Eng-
lish date; has, at its npper end, the roj-al arms of date
1660; and, being embellished with a cornice represent-
ing the chase of boar, stag, buU, fo.x, ostrich, hare, and
ral)bit, is now called the Clievy Chase room. The cha-
pel is parti}- decorated English, pnrtl)' perpendicular;
and has a tower on the N side. The drawing-rooms
were erected on the site of the conventual buildings by
the late Sir John St. Aubin; they contain two pictures
by Opie, and some family portraits ; they are surrounded
b_y a broad high terrace, with an open granite parapet;
and they command imiiressive views of the coiist ai d
the sea. The tower is reached by a staircase from the
castle; commands a magnificent prospect; «nd has, on
its SW angle, a small projecting stone lantern, now
popidarly bearing the name originally given to the rock
of the alleged apparition of St. Mi.^lui..-!, — the name •>:
St. Michael's Chair. Sir Humphrey Davy celebrates
St. Michael's Mount as follows in his poem of Mouufs-
bay :—
" Majestic Michael rises; he whose bi-o'.v
Is crowned with castles, and whose rocky sides
Are clad with dusky ivy; be whose base.
Beat by the storms of ages, stan'is unmoved
Amidst the ■i\Teck of things— the change of time.
That base, encircled by tlie azure waves,
Was once with verdure clad : tbe towering oaks
Here waved their branches green : ihe sacred oaks.
Whose awful shades among tLe Druids strayed.
To cut the hallowed mistletoe, and hold
High converse with their goils."
MICHAELSTONE - LE - PIT, or Ll.vxfihanoel-
Ynygvaelod, a parish in Cardilf district, Glumorgau;
near the coast, 3 J miles SW of Carditf r. station. Post-
town, Cardilf. Acre.s, 790. Real proiieity, £672. Pop.,
73. Houses, IS. The property is ilivided among a few.
Limestone abounds, and leaii ore is found. The living
is a rectory iu the diocese of Llandatf. Value, £0.1
Patron, T. B. Rouse, E.sq. The church is good.
MICHAELSTONE (Lower). See Mioiiaelstone-
SUPER-AVO.V.
JIICHAELSTONE-SUPER-AVON, a village and a
parish in Neath district, Glamorgan. The village stands
ou the river Avon, li mile NE of Port Talbot r. station,
and 4.i SE by S of Neath ; and is a considerable but much
scattered place. The pari.sh consists of the hamlets of
Lower Michaelstone and Upper Michaelitivue; part of
the former of which is within the borough ol Abcravou.
Post-town, Tailiach. Acres ofLow-'r .M., 915. Rca.
property, £7,344; of which £-J77 are in mines, and £50
in gas-works. Pop., 5,0-23. Houses, Ml. Pop. of the
part Avithiii Aberavon borough, 1,647. Acres of Upjier
M., 4,120. Real property, £776. Pop., S61. Houses,
172. The property is not much diriae'.L The surface
is hilly; ami the rocks include coal, iron ore, and fire-
clay. Some of tlie inhabitants are employed in tin works,
collieries, and other works. The living is a vicarage,.
MICHAELSTOXE-SUPEU-ELY.
327
iriCKLEniTRST.
united with a cliaiH>lry of All Saints, in the dioceso of
Llandafl'. Value, i'lllO.* Patron, the English Copper
Com pan V. Tlie cliuroh is good.
JIICliAELSTONE-SUPER-ELY, a paiiih in CarditT
district, Glamori^an; on the river Ely, and on the South
"Wales railway, near St. Fagans r. station, 5 miles W of
Cardilf. Post-towu, Carditi'. Acres, 290. Eeal property,
i'433. Pop., 49. Houses, 8. The property is divided
among a few. Traces exist of a Nonnan castle. The
living is a rectory, annexed to the rectory- of St. Bride-
super-Ely, in the diocese of LlaudaU'. The church has
been recently restored.
JIICHAELSTO.NE (Upper). See JIich.*.elstone-
supep.-Atox.
iIICHAELSTOXE-Y-VED^Y, a hamlet and a parish
in the district of Newport; the hamlet in Sloumouth,
the parish partly also in Glamorgan. The hamlet lies
on the river Humney, at the boundary with Glauiorgan,
2i nulea ^'^Y of ilarshfield r. station, and 5 S^V of New-
port. Acres, 1,134. Eeal property, £1,110. Pop.,
203. Houses, 43. The pari.sh contains also the hamlet
of Llanvedw, which is its Glamorgan portion. Acres of
th.it hamlet, 2,299. Real property, £1,902. Pop., 309.
Houses, 62. Post-town, Newport, Monmouth. The
property is tlivided between two. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Llandalf. Value, £500.* Patron, Col.
C. K. K. Tynte. The church is good. There are an
endowed school with £64 a-year, and charities £11.
JIICHAELSTOW, a parish in Camelford district,
Cornwall; on the river Camel, 3| miles SSW of Camel-
ford, and 10 N by W of Bodmin-Road r. station. It
contains the hamlet of Treveighan; and its post-town is
Camelford. Acres, 1,617. Real property, £1,7S6. Pop.,
219. Houses, 46. The property is divided among a few.
An ancient quadrangular entrenchment is on Michael-
stow beacon. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Exeter. Value, £270.* Patron, the Prince of Wales.
The church is a stone structure, with a tower; was re-
ported in 1859 as not good; and contains monuments of
the Lowers. There are chapels for Wesleyans, Bible
Christians, and United Free Methodists, and a national
school.
MICHAEL-TROY. See Mitcijel-Trot.
MICHELDEAN. See Mitch ell-De.^n.
MICHELDEVER. See Mitcheldevek.
MlCHELHAil, a farm in the SE of Sussex; on the
river Cuckmere, 2 miles W of Haibham. An Augusti-
nian canonry was founded here, in the time of Henry
III., by Gilbert de .\quila; and went, after the dissolu-
tion, to the Sack^-illes. The buildings formed a spa-
cious quadi'angle; have been converted into a farm-house;
arc surrounded by a wide moat, tenanted by water lilies,
and frequented by the otter; are entered through a
square, three-story, gateway tower; include a cr}'])t, now
used as a dairy, witli an interesting ancient apartment
above it; and show features of early English architecture.
MICHELL. See Mitchell.
MICKELTHWAITE. See lyiiCKLETinvAiTE.
MiCKFIELD, a parish, with a village, in Bosmere
district, Suffolk; 3 miles WSW of Debenluim, and 6
NK of Ncedham r. station. Post-town, Stouluim. Acres,
1,290. Real property, £2,344. Pop., 259. Houses,
02. The proj)erty is nmch divided; and it includes parts
of two manors, belonging to Miss Broke and Sir Robert
S. Adair, B.irt. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of Norwich. Value, £400.* Patron, the Rev. M. Simp-
son. The church is good; anci has a tower, faced with
Hints. Cliarities, £25.
WICKLEHRING, a hamlet in Braithwell township
and parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 0.^ miles ENE of Rothcr-
liam.
illCKLEP.Y, a township in Lythe parish, N. R.
Yorkshire; r.i, miles W of Whitby. Acres, 1,340. Real
I.rop..rtv, £1,3S6. Pop., 177. iiou.se.s, 45.
MlCkl.E-EELL, a mountain at the NW extremity of
K. R. Yorkshire; contiguous to W'cstmorelaud, 9 miles
"W of Jliddletou-in-TeesduIe. It has an altitude of
2, COO feet above sea-level; and commands a very cxten-
.sive view.
MICKLEFIELD, a towuship-chapelry in Shcrbum
parish, W. R. Yorkshire; on the Leeds and Selby rail
way, SJ miles E by X cf Leeds. It lias a station on the
railway; and a new line was in course of formation fioin
it to Church-Fenton in 1S07. Post-town, JliLford Junc-
tion. Acres, 1,755. Red property, £2,553 ; of which
£500 are in mines, and i'l.SO in quaiTies. Pop., 435.
Houses, 8S. The manor belongs to T. D. Bland, Esq.
There arc coHieries and limestone quarries. The living is
a p. curacy, annexed to the ■! icarage of Sherliurn, iu the
diocese of York. Tlie church was built in ISGl, at a cost
of ,£1,100; is in the early English style; and cojisists
of nave and chancel, vritli bell-turret. There is a na-
tional school.
JMICKLEGATE, a sub-district in the district of York;
partly within York city; and containing three parishes
and parts of three others electorally in E. R. Yorkshire,
and three parishes and parts of five others electorallv in
W. R. Yorkshire. Acres, 9,SC1. Pop. in 1851, 11,317;
in 1861, 13,790. Houses, 2,768. See Yoilk.
MICKLEHAM, a -village and a parish iu Dorking dis-
trict, Surrey. The %-iUage stands ou the river Jlole, ad-
jacent to the Leatherhead and Horsham railway, 2 miles
S by E of Leatherhead; was known at Domesday as
Micleham; is a pleas.ant place, with charming environs,
under Box hill: and has a post-office,?! under Dorking.
The parish contains also the humlet of J\Vest_Huniblei_
and includes part of the chapelry of Eanmore. Jcres,
2,349. Real property, £o,965. Pop., 721. Houses,
130. The property is tlivided among a few. The manor
belonged, at Domesday, to Bishop Odo. Norbury Park
was held, in the time of Edward II., by the family of
Husee, under the Earls of Gloucester ; pMsed to the
Stedolphs, one of whom received Evelyn here "among
his goodly walks and hills shaded with yew and box;"
went afterwards to Anthony Chapman, Esq. ; was sold
by him iu 1774 to Jlr. Look, the friend of Madame
D'Arblay; and belongs now to T. Grissell, Esq. The
mansion stands on the summit of a lofty eminence, com-
manding rich ■i'iews of hdl and dale; includes portions
built by Mr. Lock, and adorned by the paiutei-s Barrett,
Cipriani, GUpin, and Pastorini; and was mainly rebuilt
in 1849. Juniper Hill is the seat of W. H. Lambton,
Esq.; Juniper Hall, of Miss F. Beardmore; the Grove, of
E. Arnold, Esq. ; Mickleham Hall, of J. Smith, Esq. ;
Belldawe House, of E. Smith, Esq; Cleveland Lodge,
of J. Johnstone, Esq.; and BurfordLodge, of J. Matthews,
Esq. Box hill rises to an altitude of 445 feet above the
Mole's level; is steep and verdurous ou the N side, and
covered with box -trees on the W; commands a splendid
view to tlie Sussex downs and to the N of London; and
is much frequentC'l, in summer, by pie-nic parties.
Several curious hollows, called Swallows, and evidently
communicating with the ilole, are in the neighborahood
of the hUl. The living is a rectory in the tliocese of
AVinchester. Value, £440.* Patrons, Misses Talbot.
The church is chiefly transition Norman; was restored,
but at the same time defaced, in 1823; has a low massive
square tower with spire, and a remarkable chancel-arch;
includes a cross-aisle and a " Norbuiy" or N chancel;
and contains an oak screen dividing the chancel from the
nave, a richly canvd oak-pulpit, an altar-tomb of the
time of Henry VIIL, and .some brasses. There are a
national school, .alms-houses, and charities £4. The
alms-houses were rebuilt in 1865; consist of a centre two
stories high, and two w-iiigs; contain accommodation for
eight families; .and adjoin, and harmonize with, the na-
tional school.
JllCKLEHURST, a village in Mottram parish,
Cheshire; near the boandaiy with Lancashire and York-
sliire, 1 mile E of Mosslej' r. station, and 3 NNE of
Staleybridge. It occupies a pleasant situation among
hills; is well-built ; has large cotton and woollen mills;
and, in common v.ith a tract around it, is governed,
under the local government act, by a board of 1'' com-
mi.isiouers. Pop. in 1S51, CI9; in ISOl, 800. Houses,
IGO. The increase of jiop. arose from the prosperity of
tile cotton tra.lc. Riclimond House, T. Schoiiefd, Esq.;
Breeze Hill, S. Sh iw, Esq.; Tudor Cottage, J. Lawton,
MICKLEOVER.
S2S
MIDDLEHAM.
Esq. ; and Marie House, Mrs. J. Lawton, are atljacciit ;
and remains of an ancient fortification, called Bucton
Castle, are on an acclivity overlooking the village.
MICKLEOVER, a village, a township, and a pari.sh
in Derbyshire; the village and the township in the dis-
trict of Biu-ton-upou-Trent, and the parish partly also in
the district of Shardlow. The village stands near Kyk-
nield-street, Si miles SW of Derby r. station; and has a
post-office under Derby. The township includes the vil-
lage, and extends into the country. Keal property,
£S,550. Pop. in 1S51, 791; in 1861, 1,101. Hou.ses,
165. The increase of pop. was caused by th'3 erection of
the County lunatic asylum. — The parish contains also
the townships of Findern and Littleover. Acres, 5,330.
Real property, £13,080. Pop. in 1851, 1,809; in 1861,
2,104. Houses, 3S6. The pro]>erty ie much subdi\'ided.
The Pastures is tlie seat of Sir Hugh S. Blaue, Bart.; the
Limes, of Mrs. ^\'right ; the Manor House, of C. E.
Newton, Esq.; the Lodge, of the Hon. and Kev. A. L.
Powys; and Mickleover House, of M. Harvey, Esq. The
County lunatic asylum stands on an estate of 79 acres, f
of a mile SW of the village; was built in 1851, and ex-
tended in 1862; has capacity for 350 patients; and is a
splendid structure. The living is a vicarage, united
with the chapelries of Findern and Littleover, in the
diocese of Lichfield. Value, £562.* Patron, Lord
Scarsdale. The church is geometric decorated English :
was restored in 1859 ; and consists of nave, S aisle, and
chancel, with a tower. There are churches also in Findern
and Littleover, chapels for Baptists and Primitive Metho-
dists in Mickleover, and a Wesleyau chapel and a free
school in Findern. Charities, £87.
MICKLETHWAITE, a township, conjoint with Par-
ton, in Thursby parish, Cumberland; 2 miles NE of
Wigton.
MICKLETHWAITE, a hamlet in Bingley parish, W.
R. Yorkshire ; 1 mile N of Bingley. The cotton and
worsted manufactures are carried on.
MICKLETHWAITE-GKANGE, an extra-parochial
tract in Tadcaster district, W. E. Yorkshire; contiguous
to Collingham parish, and sometimes deemed a township
of that parish. Pop., 68.
MICKLETON, a village and a parish in the district
of Shipston-on-Stour and county of Gloucester. The vil-
lage stands 2 miles W of the boundary with Warwick, 2^
N by E of Chipping-Campden r. station, and 6J WNW
of Shipston-on-Stour ; and has a post-office under More-
ton-in-Marsh. The parish contains also the hamlets of
Clopton and Hidcote-Bartrim. Acres, 3,766. Real pro-
perty, £9,082. Pop., 743. Houses, 163. The manor
belongs to Sir John JL Steele-Graves, Bart. ; and the
Manor House, a noble building in the Tudor style, is Sir
John's seat. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Gloucester and Bristol. Value, £200.* Patron, the
Lord Chancellor. The church is partly Norman, partly
pointed; consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with tower
and spire ; and contains monuments to the Steele and
the Graves families. There are an endowed school vnth
£50 a-ycar, and charities £209. Graves, the author of
the "Spiritual Quixote," and Keek, the lawj-er, were
natives.
MICKLETON, a township in RoinaldKirk parish, N.
R. Yorkshire; on the Tees river and Tees Valley railway,
7i miles NW of Barnard-Castle. It has a post-office un-
der Darlington, a r. station, a chapel of ease, chapels for
Wesleyans and Primitive Jlethodists, and a free school.
Acres, 4,890. Real property, £3,169. Pop., 688.
Houses, 122. Most of the surface is high moorland.
illCKLE-TRAFFORD, a township in Plemonstall
parish, Cheshire; adjacent to the Chester and JIanchcstcr
railway, 3^ miles NE of Chester. Acres, 1,143. Keal
property, £2,51.3. Pop., 265. Houses, 52. The Manor
House is the seat of John Recce, Esq.; and Traflford
Lodge is the scat of T. Hoggins, Esq. The church of
Plemonstall is here; and a garrison, for Charles I., was
here during the siege of Chester.
MICKLEY, a township and a chapelry in OWnghara
parish, Northumberland. The township lies near a'side-
station on the Newcastle and Carlisle railwav, 9.^ miles
E by S of Hexham; and contains the village of Micklcy-
Square, which hxs a post - office under Stocksfield.
Acres, 1,1SS. Pop. in 1851, 566; in 1801, 1,203.
Houses, 216. The increase of pop. arose from e.Ttensioa
of collieries. The manor belongs to W. B. Wrightson,
Esq. Coal-mining and coking are largely carried on by
the Mickley Coal company. — The cha'pelry contains
also si.\ other townshii>s. Pop., 2,800. Tlie living is
a vicarage in the diocese of Durliam. Value, £90. Pa-
tron, W. B. Wrightson, Esq. The chuj-ch was built in
1824. There is an endoived school, with capacity for
200 children. ''
MICKLEY, a township in Frees parish, Salop; near
the river Tern, 4^ miles WSW of Maiket-Dravton.
Pop., 36.
MICKLEY, a -viUage and a chapelry in Kirkby-JIal-
zeard parish, W. K. Yorkshire. The "village stands on
the river lire, amid romantic eu%-irons, 5A miles NW of
Ripon r. station; has a post-office under Ripou; and is
in the township of Azerley. 'I'he chapelry is less exten-
sive than the to^\Tiship. Rated property, £530. Pop.,
210. 'J'he property is subdivided. There is a large
mill. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Ripon.
Value, £110.* Patron, the Vicar of Mashani. Thechurch
is good; and there are a Wesleyan chapel, and a Church
of England school.
MICKLEY-SQUARE. See M(Ckley, Northumber-
land.
JIIDDLE, a hamlet in Ystradyfodwg parish, Glamor-
gan; 84 miles SW of Merthyr-tydvil. Real property,
£6,818; of which £3,950 are in mines, and £35 in quar-
ries. Pop. in 1851, 247; in 1S61, 1,20.3. Houses, 226.
The increase of pop. arose from the extension of coal-
mining.
MIDDLE, a town.ship and a parish in EUesmere dis-
trict, Salop. The township lies 3 miles E by N of Bas-
church r. station, and 7 N by W of Shrewsbury; and has
a post-office under Shrewsburj-. The parish contains
also the townships of AMerton, Hadnall, Haston, Hard-
wick, Shotton, Smethcott, Baldurton, Marton, Newton,
and part of Sleap,- — the first six of which constitute the
chapelry of Hadnall. Acres, 6,909. Real property,
£6,008; of which £37 are in quarries. Pop., 1,253.
Houses, 271. The property is divided among a few.
The manor belongs to Earl Brownlow. Ruins exist of a
ca-stle which belonged to the L'Estranges and to "Wild"
Kynaston ; and the cave of " Wild " Kynaston is shown
in Nescliffe rpck. 'I'he living is a rectory in the diocese
of Lichfield. Value, £1,003.* Patron, Earl Brownlow.
The church is ancient, with a tower; was partially restored
in 1855; and has a stained window, and an old brass.
The p. curacy of Hadnall is a separate benefice. There
are a parochial school, and charities £92. The history
of the parish was written by Gough of Middle.
MIDDLE- ASTON. See Aston (Middle).
MIDDLE-BARTON, a township in Barton-Steeple
parish, Oxfordshire; 44 mUes SSW of Deddington. It
has a post-office under Oxford.
MIDDLEBERE, a hamlet in Holy Trinity parish,
Dorset; near Wareham.
MIDDLE CHINNOCK. See Chixnock "(Middle).
MIDDLE CLAYTON. See Cl.wton (Middle).
MIDDLECOTT, a hamlet in Black Torrington parish,
Devon; 3A miles W of Black Torrington vilk'^e.
MIDDLE DROVE, a railway station in the W of
Norfolk; on the Wisbeach and Magdalen-Gate branch of
the Great Ekutcm railway, 5 j miles E of Wisbeach.
MIDDLE FELL, a mountain in the SW of Cumber-
land ; overhanging the middle of the NW side of Wast-
water.
MIDDLE-GROUND, a shoal at the mouth of the estu-
ary of the Thames; below the Nore. It measures about
2 miles in length, aud about i of a mile in breadth; and
is nearlj' dry at low water.
MIDDLEHAM, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Leyburn district, N. R. Yorksliire. The village
stands on the slope of an eminence, k a mile S of tho
river lire, and under Middleton moor, 2 miles SSE of
Lcybuni r. station; was once a market-town; is a seat oC
;;PDLE HANDLEV.
z-:o
JIIDDLESliOROUGII.
j-rtty £t:»ilu:»s; aaJ }i.is a post-office* under BcJale, tliree
i:in5, ani fiirs .■•a Euster-Monday, AVliit-Monday, .ind 5
>"or. T-i parijh cotr.prises 2,10Sacres. Keiil i>ioperty,
£3.7'^'i. Top., C-i:2. Houses, 199. The manor belonged
to K;j[a:ri;!c the Dane; went, after the Con(|uest, to
Ribtr: Fiti-Ea^ulpb, grandsoa to Ribald, who came
OTer witi the CoaquepDr ; passed, in the 13th century,
t) tLe Nc%-il]es; and belongs now to Col. J. Wood. A
fr?at c-iitle wa» fjundcd, on alconinwnding site, above
tie Til!a.je. by Rol>>rt FitzRanulph; was much enlar^jed
ty IIa][.li Neville, Earl of Westmonland, the betraj-er of
ArcibLihop Scroop, aad a jiroraineat character in Shak-
srrares "King Henry IV.:" nuule a gieat figure in the
ncje of Eichari Neville, Earl of Warwick, the " king-
Eiaker;" give frequent, entertainment, eventually of a
hcedle kind, iini'?r the "king-maker," to Edward IV. ;
tjures as the p'.iee of some of the finest scenes of Lord
LjTtons "Last of the Barons;"' passed, after the "king-
Eiaker's" death, :•> Riohard, Duke of Gloucester, aftcr-
■war-is Richard III.; wa.^ much and often inhabited by
Eiehjpi III., ar.i v.a-s the birth-place of his oidy sou;
■c-is diinaatled, by order of jarliameut, in 1646; and is
row a drs<jlate, extenrive, imposing, and picturesque
rain. T:.? cenrral j^rt of it, changed by repairs, is the
origica! structure of Fitz-Rauulph; and an enclosing
CTLidrang-ci, 210 feet by 175, with towers at the angles,
■^i5 tlie"iork of the Nevilles. A moat sun'ounded the
pile, and is still partially traceable. The central keep
tas walls of greai thickness, and is a good specimen of
tbe Nortnan architecture of the close of the 12th century.
The grsa: hall, ana the chapel, within the original build-
uig, have left icreresting remains; and the arch over the
rraircas? leading to the great hall, is a striking object.
A Terr f.ze gold ring, which may have belonged +o one
of the Plantaginets, was found, not many j'ears ago,
&rnor;g xbe riiios. Horses are broken on Jliddleham
if:oor. The liviiig is a rectory in the diocese of Rijion.
Value, i-JiJO.* Patron, the Crown. The church is of
ti.e latter fkirt of the 15th century, and in good condition;
vis made collegiate by Richard III., for a dean, a sub-
dean, ai:d six canons ; has an embattled tower, and an
eld stained glasj E window, representing the martyrdom
of St. .ilkeMa: and contains a curious ancieut tomb-
5ti' ne, prt'bably brought fiom Jervaux abbey. There are
cj:aj>?ls fc-rV.'esIeyaiis and Primitive Jlethodists, a church
cf Eriglaad school, and charities £38. The sub-dis-
iricl contains also three other pari.shes, and part of an-
other. Acres, -53,071. Pop., 4,2.30. Houses, 914.
MIDDLEHAJI- BISHOP. See Bishop - Middle-
i:am.
:-IIDDLE HANDLEY, a hamlet in the N of Derby;
4 rniles ESE cf Drontield. It has a post-oflice under
«.lesterf.-!L
MIDDLE HERRINGTON. See Hekrixgton (E.\st
l.Z'1 Mri/DLE".
MIDDLE HILL, a hamlet in Box pari,sh, Wilts; 4^
tiiles WSW of Corsham.
MIDDLE HILU the seat of Sir Thomas Phillips,
Bar:., in the SE of Worcester ; 3| miles SW of Chipping-
C23--jle3. It contains about 4,000 volumes of mauu-
scrlpts, and a ccr.ection of paintings.
iilDDLEH'-'PE, a township in Diddlebury parish,
!»iiop; under V.'enlock-Edge, 4^ miles SE of Churth-
Strettvn. Por.., 100.
MIDDLEJiOPE, a rocky headland on the coast of
ik:iifcrs--t: 3 i.iiies N of Weston-.Super-Mare.
MIDDLE IICTTON. See IIutto.v (Middle).
MIDDLE LITTLETON. See Littleton (Mii.i.le).
MIDDLEMAP^H, a ty thing in Mintern-Magna par-
ish, Do.-set; 3; iiiiles N of Cerne-Abbas. A seat of the
abuts of Ceme, and of the Najiiers, was here.
MIDDLE MSaD. See Me.vu OIU'I'IK).
MIDDLE MILL, a place on the W border of Dorset;
in a coL;be, 1 T;.ile NNW of Lyme-IUgis. Old C'olway
Honj<j and H.;y F"j.-m — the h>-;id-f)uartrrs of Prince
Maurlc* whea wsieg-.ng Lyme — are in its neighbour-
hood.
MIDDLE NEATH. See Nkath (Miiiim.kV
illDDLENEY, a tythiiig in Dr'tytou pari'^li, Somer-
set; on the river Isle, 2 miles .S of Langjiort. Real pro-
jiertv, £9S7. Pop., 31.
JHDDLE PATCH, a .■^hoal, at the mouth of the Mer-
sey, off the S\V coast of Lancashire; near Victoria chan-
nel, o]ipo5ite Formby Point. It is dry at low-water.
MIDDLE QUARTER. .Sec Hkxitamshire, Kir.K-
ANDF.EW.S, KiKKDY-IlIEr.ETI!. and KlRK-LrXTO.V.
MIDDLE R.VSEN. See 1;.a.sex (Middle).
. .MIDDLESBOKOUGH, a town, a township, an.l a
parish, in the district of Stockton, and N. R. Yorkshire.
The town stands on the river Tees, at the boundary with
Durham, and on the Darlington, Stockton, and Redcar
railway, at the junction of the line to Guisbrough, im-
mediately above the Tees' expansion into estuary, and o.J
miles ENE of Stockton. A Benedictine priory of St.
Hilda, a cell to Whitby abbey, was founded here, in the
time of Henry I., by Robert lie P.nice; and a portion of
the cemetery connected with it continued to be used
up to a recent period; but all important vestiges of
the buildings have disappeared. Only one house — a
house occupied by a tenant of W. Chilton, Esq., the pro-
prietor of the local estate — stood on the site of the town's
streets in 1S29. A number of shareholders of the Stock-
ton and Darlington railway, in that year, purchased the
estate from Mr. Chilton; arranged to construct an exten-
sion of the railway to Middlesborough, on account of its
commanding gi'eater depth of water and better harbour-
age than Stockton to vessels for the shipment of coals;
and formed a plan for creating a town on the estate, and
for making it a great entrepot of the coal trade, and a
considerable seat of commerce. Their plan was signally
successful. The extension lailwaj- was opened at the
close of 1830; the land of the estate, comprising about
600 acres, was divided and subdivided into plots, suit-
able to purchasers in all departments of business; and a
towTi sprang up and progi-essed with a rapidity similar to
that of Birkenhead in Chesliiie, and of some of the most
remarkable of the great towns of America. The entire
township had a poj). of only 40 in 1821, and only 154 at
the census of 1831; but had so inauy as 5,463 in 1S41,
and 18,714 in 1861. An actof parliament was obtaiued,
in 1841, for paving, watching, lighting, and otherwise
improving the town, and for establishing a market; an-
other act was passed in 1853, constituting it a municipal
borough, under the government of a mayor; and the re-
form bill of 1867 constituted it a jiarliamentary borough,
with one representative. Nor did the town progress
less visibly in its aspects as a port. A commodious dock,
comprising a water-area of 9 acres, and entered b\- a
channel rather more than a .{ of a mile in length from the
middle channel of the Tees, was completed in 1842. The
entrance lock is 132 feet long, and 30 feet wide; and has
15 feet of water on the sill at neap tides, and 19 feet at
spring tides. Such mutual connexion between the rail-
way aud the harbour likewise was formed, through plat-
fomi and staiths, as enables vessels to be loaded and un-
loaded irrespective of the fluctuation of the tide. A bill
also was introduced to parliament, in 1858, to enable the
corporation to construct two landing-places on the Nside
of the river, to establish a public passage between these
aud the public wharf at Middlesborough, and to vest
powers for other improvements ir. both the corporation
aud the local board of health. Tho commerce became
important in even the early years of the town's progress;
and it increased ."^o rajiidly as to occasion Jliddlcsboiuugh
soon to be made a head-port.
The town is built in a regular form; has a large square
in the centre; consists chietiy of streets crossing one an-
other at right angles ; coiit.uns a large aggregate of hand-
some houses; and, for a commercial town, presents a re-
niarkably good appearance. The town-hall stands in the
central s<]uare. The exchange was erected in 1S66-(JS ;
is in the Italian style, after designs by Sir. Adams; has, at
the W end, a tower 21 feet .square and 130 feet liigh, with
main entr.ip.ce undcrnealh; includes a hall 140 feet long,
CO feet wide, and 56 feet high; contains also a public
reading-room ami a ]'ublic meeting-room, each 34 feet
siiuarc ; is dispo.sed, in the ground-floor of three dilTer-
c;it fronts, in line shops and show-rooms; has, on four
MIDDLESDOROUGH.
330
MIDDLESEX.
floors, about 50 offices and other rooms; and cost about
i30,000. The theatre was built in 1866, at a. cost of
more than £3,000. A beautiful park, about 72 acres in
extent, and worth upwards of £20,000, was given to the
tou-Q by Mr. H. W. F. Bolckow, and opened in Aug.
1868. There are a custom house, au inland revenue office,
two banking-offi.'os, and aliterary institution. St. Hilda's
church was built in 1840, at a cost of £5,000; St. John's,
in 1805, at a cost of £-1,000; and both are in the pointed
style. Tlie U. Presbyterian church was built in 1865,
and is in the early English style. The \\'esleyan chapel
was built in lif62, at a cost of £4,400; and is chieHy in
the Byzantine style. The U. Free Jlethodist chapel was
built in 1868. There are chapels also for ludependents,
Quakers, Primitive Methodists, and Roman Catholics.
There are also national schools, in the Gothic style,
built in 1860, a British school, and several respectable
private academies. An hospital was early erected, but
became close and unquiet in consequence of the erection
of new streets in front of it; and a new hospital was
erected in 1860 at North Ormesby.
The town has a head i>ost-office, J a railway station
with telegraph, and some good inns; and publishes two
weekly newspapers. A weekly market is held on Satur-
day; and industry is carried on in iron foundries, rolling-
mills, brass-works, engine-works, ship-building-yards,
chemical works, earthenware and bottle-works, a tan-
nery, breweries, saw-milla, flour-mills, rope-walks, and
other establishments. Iron manufacture is the chief de-
partment; and is conducted by one firm to the extent of
employing about 7,000 hands. Only 45 blast fomaces
were at work in the N of England in 1845; but so many
as 36 have, since the commencement of the mining of
the Cleveland ores, been built in and around iliddles-
borough alone. The quantity both of iron and of coals
shipped at this port is very gi-eat. A salt bed, 112 feet
thick, at a depth of 1,300 feet below the surface, was
struck in 1863, at the sinking of a well for the supply of
Messrs. Bolckow and Vaughau's immense iron-works;
and was thought likely to prove a valuable addition to
the local sources of wealth and tralfic. The vessels be-
longing to the port, at the beginning of 1S64, were 9
small sailing-vessels, of aggregately 285 tons; 49 large
sailing-vessels, of aggregately 9, 199 tons; 19 small steam-
vessels, of aggregately 400 tons ; and 5 large steam-
vessels, of aggregately 1,802 tons. The vessels which
entered in 1863, were 3 British sailing-vessels, of aggre-
gately 886 tons, from British colonies; 453 British sail-
ing-vessels, of aggregately 56,833 tons, from foreign
countries; 453 foreign saOing- vessels, of aggregately
38,762 tons, from foreign countries; 35 British steam-
vessels, of aggregately 6,812 tons, from foreim countries;
1 foreign steam-vessel, of 153 tons, from foreign coun-
tries; 200 sailing-vessels, of aggregately 13,706 tons,
coastwise; and 93 steam-vessels, of aggregately 32,693
tons, coastwise. Tire vessels which cleared in 1863 were
3 British sailing-vessels, of aggiegately 319 tons, to
British colonies; 602 British sailing-vessels, of aggi'e-
gately 81,345 tons, to foreign countries; 708 foreign
sailing-vessels, of aggregately 66,499 tons, to foreign
countries ; 50 British steam - vessels, of aggregately
12,482 tons, to foreign countries; 1 foreign steam-vessel,
of 158 tons, to foreign countries; 1,778 sailing-vessels, of
aggregately 144,042 tons, coastwise; and 117 steam-
vessels, of aggregately 33,075 tons, coastwise. The
amount of customs, in 1867, was £1,S0I. The town, as
a borough, includes all M. towniship, p.-irt of Linthorpe
township, and a small part of Oi-mesby parish. Pop. in
1861, 18,992. Houses, 3,117. Pop. of ihe part of Lin-
thorpe town.ship, 266; of the part of Onaesbj' parish, 12.
Pop. of the town in 1867, about 37,000.
I'he parish consists of the townships of M. and Lin-
thorpe. Acres, 2,300. Eea! property in 1860 of 11.
township, £104,435; of which £61,234 were in iron-
works, aiul £600 in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 7,631; in
1861,18,714. Houses, 3,070. Keal property in 1860,
of Linthorpe township, £4,135; of which, £250 were in
ironworks. Pop. in 1851, 262; in ISOl, 702. Houses,
333. A large section of the parish, under the name of
M.-St. John, was, in 1864, constituted a separate ckirge.
Both the headdiving. and the living of St. Johu are vic-
arages in the diocese of York. Value of each, £300.*
Patron of both, the Archbishop of York.
SIIDDLESCEUGH-W1TH-BI:.\ITH^VAITE, a ham-
let in St. - Mary- Carlisle parish, Cumberland ; ou a
braneh of .the river Caldew, 10 miles S of Carlisle.
Acres, 2,010. Eeal property, £1,664. Pop., 169.
Houses, 29.
MIDDLESEX, an inland county, within t;he basin of
the Thames ; bounded, ou the N, by Herts ; ou the E,
by Essex; on the SE, by Kent; on the S and the SW,
by Surrey; on the W, by Bucks. Its outline is very ir-
regidar; but may be described as that of a parallelo"rain,
extending from E to W, with two quadrilateral projec-
tions on the NE and SW. The boundary is traced, along
all the E, by the river Lea; along all the SW, the S, and
the SE, by the river Thames; and along most of the \S',
by the river Colne. The length, from NE to KW, is
23 miles; the greatest breadth is 17i miles; the circuit is
about 104 mUes, — 40 of which are along the course of the
Thames; aud the area is 180,136 acres. Part of the sur-
face is low and level; most is undulating, witiiout heights
lofty enough to be called liills ; the SE ]wrtion is all oc-
cupied by the main body and many outskirts of the
metropolis; and the portion northward thence rises iu
elevation from about 200 to about 400 feet above sea-
level. Few parts, except in some artificial sense, can be
termed picturesque; but a large proportion abounds with
ornature; and the chief eminences coumrand extensivo
and very pleasing views. The principal streams, besides
those on the boundaries, are the New river, the Old
river, the Brent, and the Cran. The rocks, or geognostic
formations, o\er almost the entire area, are lower eocene,
cliiefly London clay; and they are extensively overlaid
or mixed with alluvial gi-avel, and have been found to
contain great numbers of fossils. Mineral springs ai'o
at Acton, Hampstead, Clerkeuwell, aud other places.
About 150,000 acres are either arable land, meadow,
or pasture. The soil is variously clayey, sandy, and
gravelly; and has, in most parts, been worked into a fer-
tile loam, by manuring and culture. Most farms aver-
age about 100 acres, but many comprise from 200 to 600
acres ; and they are usually held on lease of 1 4 or 21 years.
Meadow lands form a large aggregate, usually yield two
crops of good hay, and are let at from £4 to .£6 an acre.
The chief crops on the ploughed lauds are wheat, with
good rettrms; barley, about 20 bushels ])er acre; green
pease, 10 to 50 sacks; grey pease, 30 bushels; beans, 30
bushels; potatoes, tuniips, and clover. About 15,000
acres are disposed in market-gardens; and about 3,000
acres, chiefly around Twickenham, in orchards. Osiers
and willows are OTOwn, in some parts, for basket-makers.
Short -homed, Holderness, Ayrshire, and Aldeniey cows
are bred for the metropolitan dairies; dxMught and rid-
ing-horses, of mixed breeds aud superior strength and
action, are reared for the market; and pigs, in connexion
with the refuse of distilleries and other establishments,
are purchased for fiittening. The niral economy, as a
whole, diU'ei-s ividely from that of any average agricul-
tuml county; makes comparatively small jiroduce of
corn or flax; and figures most in tUe supply of vege-
tables, fruit, herbage, and milk to the metropolis. The
manufactures are chiefly within the metropolitan por-
tions, and have substantially been noticed in our article
LOXDOX. The canals are the Paddington, the Pa'geut's,
and about 17 miles of the Grand Junction; aud the rail-
wa3-s are the numerous ones radi.iting northward, we.st-
ward, and southwestward from the metropolis, and no-
ticed in our account of London.
The county contains about 194 parishes, and 23 extra-
parochial places, liberties, or precincts, — 105 of the par-
ishes being iu London city and Westmuister; and it h
divided into the City of Loudon, and the hundreds of Ed-
monton, Elthorne, Gore, Islewortli, Spelthorue, and Os-
sulstone, — the last cut into the divisions of Fiusbury,
Ilolbom, Kensington, Tower, and Westuiiuster. The
registration county gives off 32,487 acres to the West,
North, Central, and East distiiots of the registratiou
MIDDLESEX.
C31
illDDLETOX.
meh-opolis, aiul tlie jurislies of Hamptnn ari'l Tedilir.o;-
ton ti) Surrey; takes in the parish of Waltham-Ablit'y
from Essex, and the parishes of Elstree, Shenley, Ridge,
Chippinj-B.irnet, EastBarnet, Totteiidge, ami Chesh'.int,
from Herts; comprises 176,555 acres; and is divided into
the districts of Staines, Uxbridge, Brentford, Hendon,
Barnet, and Edmonton. Vastly the greatest seat of
])opnlition, of course, is the part within the metropoli:.
Tl'e only towns with upwards of 2,000 inhabitants, he-
sides London and its suburbs, are Brentford, Hour.slow,
Staines, and I'xbridge. Some of the chief seats are
Buckingham Palace, Kensington Palace, Busby Park,
Sion House, Kose-Bank, St. ilargaret's, Caen Wood,
Lalcham, Osterley, Flambards, Holland House, Nonvood
Lodge, Southall, Eulliam Palace, Gunnersburv-, Camden
Hill, Fulwell Lodge, Cidlands Grove, Hillingdon, Ed-
monton House, Isleworth House, Jlill Hill, Pinner CJrove,
StanweU, Tottenham House, Whitton Dean, Hanworth,
Beech Hill, Belsize, Breakspears, Clapton, Drayton,
Dyrhaai Park, Hanwell, Harefield, Heston, Kempton,
Littleton, Paradise House, Shepperton, Staumore Hall,
Stanmore Grove, Swakeleys, Teddington House, Trent
Park, Twickenham Park, T\vyford, Arnos Grove, Ealing
Park, Crauford Paik, Hanger Hill, AVembly, Wrothara,
and Wvke House. Eeal property, in 1S15, £5,675,374;
in 1S43", £11,345,315; in 1860, £17,682,26.5,— of which
£5S,1S0 were in canals, £4,005,052 were in railways,
and £219,185 were in gas-works.
The couuty i.3 governed by a lord lieutenant and cus-
tos, 33 deputy lieuteuants, 2 sheriffs, and about 320 ma-
gistrates: is within the jurisdiction of the metropolitan
police, aud that of the central criminal court; and is in
the Home military district, and in the diocese of London.
The sessions are held at ClerkenweU; the county-house
of detention is there; count}- houses of correction are at
■\Vestminstcr and Coldbath Fields; the county-jail, in
common with that of London city, is in Xewgate, Lon-
don; and the county debtors' jail, in common with that
of the city, is in Whitecross-street, London. The statis-
tics of police au'I of crime form a main portion of those
of the metropolitan police district, as noted in our article
London. Four members are sent to parliament by the
City of Loudon, two each by the metropolitan boroughs
of 'NVestminster, Marylebone, Fiusbury, Tower Hamlets,
Hackney, and Chelsea, and two by the rest of the county.
The I'laee of election tor the co. is Brentford; and the poll-
ing-places are Brentford, U.xbridge, Bedtont, Enfield, Edg-
ware, Hampstead, Hammersmith, Westminster, Kings-
Cro.-.s, London o.itv, Bethnal-Groen, and Jlile - End.
Electors in 183.3, 6,9-39; in 1865, ] 4,817,— of whom
10,542 were freeholders, 773 were co])yholders, and 2,480
were occupying tenants. The poor rates of the registra-
tion county, in 1861, amounted to £102,927. Jlatriages
in 1863, 1,002, — of which 95 were not according to the
rites of the Established church; births, 6,190, — of which
271 Were illegitimate; deaths, 4,326,— of which 1,554
■were at ages under 5 years, and 104 at ages above 85.
Marriages in the ten years 1851-60, 8,792; births, 49,787;
death.?, 34,147. Tiie places of worship within the politi-
cal county, in 1851, were 419 of the Church of England,
with 314, 487 sittings ; 5 of the Church of Scotland, with
3,S66 s. ; 10 of the Presbyterian Church in England,
with 7,3S9 s. ; 4 of United Presbj-terians, with 4,230 s. ;
155 of Indt pendents, with "84,514 .s. ; 84 of Particular
Baptists, with 34,123 s. ; 1 of Seventh Day Baptists,
•n-ith 3':'0 s. ; 1 of General Baptists, with 250 s.; 3 of
New Connexion General Baptists, with 1,180 s.; 13 of
B.aptists not defined, with 2,540; 10 of Quakers, with
3,265 s. : 7 of Unitarians, with 2,600 s. ; 2 of Moravians,
with 1,10() s. ; 81 of Wesleyan Methodists, with 33,887
s. ; 3 of Xew Connexion Methodist-^, with 312 s. ; 15 of
Primitive ilethodist.', with 2,596 s.; 2 of Bible Chris-
tians, with 400 s.; 9 of the Wesleyan Methodist Associa-
tion, with 1,667 s. ; 9 of Wcsleyati Keformers, with 1,400
s. ; 2 of Wel-h Calvitiistio M'-thodists, with 700 s.; 8 of
Lady Huntingdon's Connexion, with 5,iViS s. ; 1 of .San-
demanians, with 200 .<. ; 3 of the Xew Church, with 880
s. ; 5 of Brethren, with 417. s.; 34 of isolated congrega-
tions, with 7,13i> s. ; G of Lutherans, witli 2,172 s. ; 1 of
French Protestants, with 2S0 s. ; 1 of the Netherlands
Peform Church, with 350 s. ; 1 of German Prote.^taut
Kefomiers, with 200 s. ; 1 of Italian Keformers, with l.'IO
s. ; 6 of the Catholic ami Apostolic Church, with 2,400
s. ; 16 of Latter Day Saints, with 2,108 s. ; 2 of the Greek
Church, with 205 .s". ; 32 of Roman Catholics, with 15,480
s. ; 1 of German Catholics, with 300 s. ; and 9 of .Tews, w ith
3,492 s. The schools were 772 public ilay schools, with
138,108 scholars; 2,655 private day scl-.ools, with 02,149
s. ; 539 Sunday schools, with lll,5;-t.j s; and 76 evening
schools for adults, with 1,733 s. Pop. in 1801, 818,129;
inlS21, 1,14.5,057; inlSll, 1,576,636; inl861, 2,206,48.5.
Inhabited houses, 279,153; uninhabited, 13,379; build-
ing, 3,451. Pop. of the registration county in 1351,
150,606; in 1851, 187,326. Inhabited houses, 34,061;
uninhabited, 1,790; budding, 592.
The territory now forming Middlesex, was inhabited,
by the ancient British Trinobantes; fell readily under
the Roman power, at the second invasion by Ctesar; was
included, by the Romans, in their Flavia Ccesariensis;
was traversed by tlieir Watling-street, their F.rntine-
street, and their road to Staines; formed, for about 3
centuries, a part of the Saxon kingdom of Essex; and
took its name of Middlesex, originally Middel-Sexe, sig-
nifying "Jliddle Saxon.s," from being surrounded by the
territories of the East Saxons, the South Saxons, and the
West Saxons. Its history and its antiquities, with
slight exceptions, are entirely identical with those of
London; so that any notice of them, additional to what
has been taken in our article of London, would be super-
fluous.
MIDDLESMOOR, a village and a cliapelry in Kirk-
by-Malzeard parish, W. R. Yorkshire. The village
stands on a hill, near the river Nidd, SJ miles NW of
Pateley-Bridgo r. station ; is in the township of Upper
Stonebeck; and has a post-office tinder Leeds, and a lamb
and cattle fair on 14 Sept. — The cliapelry extends beyond
the township. Rated propert}', £5,917. Pop., 666.
The propertj- is divided among a few. The manor of
Upper Stonebeck belongs to .1. Yorke, Esr;. The
land is partly hilly, and is used chiefly for grazing.
There are lead mines, many subterranean passages, and
some stalactitic caverns. The living is a vicarage in
the diocese of Ripon. Value, £137.* Patron, the Vicar
of ^lasham. The church is of the latter part of the 15tU
centuiT, in good condition; consists of nave, N aisle,
and chancel, with a tower; and was recently restored.
There arc a Weslevau chapel and a free school.
MIDDLESTOXE, a township in Anckland-St. Andrew-
parish, Durham; 3| miles ENK of Bishop-Auckland.
Acres, 879. Real property, £2,859 ; of which £1,600 are
in mines, and £28 in quarries. Pop., 497. Houses, 95.
Coal is worked bv tlie Black Boy Coal couipanj-.
MIDDLESTO'wy, a village in Shitlingtou township,
Thondiill parish, W. R. Yorkshire; near the river Cal-
der, 3 mUes SE by S of Dewsbury. It has a post-otlice
under Wakefield.
MIDDLE-STREET, a place in the W of Essex ; 4]
miles NW of Epping.
MIDDLE-TEMPLE. See London".
MIDDLETHORPE, a handet in West Asliby parish,
Lincoln; 2 miles N of Horncastlc.
MIDDLETHORPE, a place in the E of Notts; 4!
miles NE of Southw-11.
MIDDLETH<li;rE, a township in St. Jlary-Bishop^-
hdl-Senior parish, W. R. Yorkshire; on the river Ou>e,
3} miles S of York. Acres, 007. Pop., 135. Houses,
11. Jtiddlethorpe llall is a cliief residence. The town-
shij) ranks as a cliapelry, annexed to the vicarngo of
15isliopthorpe, in the diocese of York.
MIDDLETOX, a township, conjoint with Sineiril, iu
Youlgreave parish, Derby; 5 miles SSW of Bakewell.
Acres, 2,300. p,.al property, £3,115. Pop., 241.
Houses, 50. I.ombardale Hall" is tlie seat of the Bate-
nians; and was the r''>ideuce of the late T. Batiuiau,
F.s<]., who investigated the antiquities of the county, aui
fornii'd a large museum. Arborlowes Ring is a complete
Drui'lical circle; an I tlierc are many burrows', in which
Celtic relics have b;eu found. A chajicl of e;ue was bui'*'
.MIDDLETON.
332
MIDDLETON,
in 1855; and tliere is a ilissentiug chapel, built by the
late T. Bateman, Esq.
MIDDLETON, a parish in the district of Sudbury and
county of Essex; on the river Stour at the boundary with
Suffolk, 1 mile S of Sudbury r. station. Post-to\ra,
Sudbuiy. Acres, S75. Real property, £1,839. lop.,
138 Houses, 31. The living is a rectory lu the diocese
of Rochester. Value, £557.* Patron, the Kev. O. Kay-
mond. The church is partly Korman, with a wooden
spire; was recently restored; and has fine stamed glass
windows, and an altar-piece by Schiavone.
MIDDLETON, a tything in Freshwater parish, Isle
of Wight; 9 miles WSW of Newport.
MIDDLETON, a tything in Long parish, Hants; on
the river Anton, 4} m"iles ESE of Andover. Pop., 251.
MIDDLETON, a town, a township, a snb-district,
and a parish, in Lancashire. The to\TO stands in a fertile
vale, on the river Irk, at the tenninus of a short branch
of the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway, near the Roch-
dale canal, 6 miles N by E of Llanchester ; took its name
from being situated in the centre of several circumjacent
towns; was only a village of 20 houses in 1770; has risen,
since 1780, into a populous seat of manufacture; is now
an important place, nearly a mile in length, well sup-
plied with water, thoroughly drained, and under the
management of a local improvement board byactof 1S61;
is so conjoined with Toiige in both proximity and trade
as practically to include or absorb that town; carries on
industry in extensive silk factories, in numerous large
cotton factories, in calico-printing, bleaching, and dye-
ing establishments, in iron foundries, and in machine-
making establishments; publishes a weekly newspaper;
is a seat of petty sessions; and has a post-officet under
Manchester, a railway station with telegraph, several
good inns, a police station, a market-house, public baths,
two churches, five dissenting chapels, a Roman Catholic
chapel, a grammar school, two national and infant
schools, a free library, a church reading-room and library,
an agricultural society, and a floral and horticultural
society. St. Leonard's church is of the 15th century;
comprises nave, three aisles, and chancel, with a low
square tower; has a very fine E window, with stained
glass brought from Old Middleton Hall ; and .contains a
fine woodeii screen, an ancient font, and some brasses.
Holy Trinity church is in I'arkfield, stands on an emi-
nence, and is a good stone structure. The grammar
school was founded in 1572 by Deau Nowell; is an old
sti-ucture, on a low site beside the Irk; and has thirteen
scholarships at Brasenose college, Oxford. The dissent-
ing chapels are for Independents, Baptists, Lady Hunt-
ingdon's Connexion, Wesleyans, and Swedenborgians.
A^veekly market is held on Friday; fairs are held on the
Thursday after 10 JIarch, the Thursday after 15 April,
and the second Thursday after 29 Sept. ; wakes are held
on the last Monday but one in Aug. ; and a horticultural
show is held on the day after the wakes. Acres of the
to%vii 1,908. Eeal property, £24,083; of which £1,800
are in mines. Pop. in 1851, 8,717; in 1S61, 9,876.
Houses, 2,090.
The towniship is contenniuate with the town. — ilie
sub-district contains also the Prestivich township of Alk-
rin^'ton, and is in Oldham district. . Acres, 2,696.
Pop., 10,299. Houses, 2,107.— The parish includes also
Thor'nham township in Oldham district. Great Lever
township in Bolton district, and the townships of Hop-
wood, Pilsworth, Ashworth, and Birtle-cum-Bamford in
Bury' district. Acres, 11,703, Keal property, £67,499;
of which £10,703 are in mines, and £15 in gas-works.
Pop. in 1851, 16,796; in 1S61, 19,635. Houses, 3,915.
The manor belonged anciently to the Bartons; passed,
in the 15th century, to the Asshetons; went afterwards
to Lord Suffield; and was sold, about 1S35, to J. Peto,
Esq. Hebers House, Parkfield House, and Irkbank
Plouse, are chief residences. Coal is very extensively
worked; .and, together with the produce of the factories,
is readilv conveyed to the chief markets of the kingdom,
by both'railwav and canal. The li-.tng of St. Leonard is
a"iectorv, and that of Holv Trinity is a vicarage, in the
diocese of Manchester. Yahie of the fonuer, i950;* of
the latter, £135. Patron, of the former, AV. Wag.stafF,
Esq. ; of the Latter, the Rector. The chapclries of Ains-
worth, Ashworth, Birch, Birtle, Great Lever, and Rhodes,
are separate benefices. Three dissenting chapels are in
Birtle, and three in Rhodes. The workhouse of Bnry
district also is in Birtle; and, at the cen.sus of 1861, had
266 inmates. Charities, £91.
5IIDDLET0N, a township in Lancaster parish, Lan-
cashire; on Morecambe bay, N of the river Lune, ik
miles WSW of Lancaster. Acres, 1,229. Keul propert)-,
£1,801. Pop., 182. Houses, 32. Middleton Tower is
the seat of T. Fielden, Esq.
MIDDLETON, a hamlet in Winwick parish, Lanca-
shire; 4 miles NE of Warrington.
lillDDLETON, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Freebridge-Lynn district, Norfolk. The village
stands \\ mile S of the East Anglian railway, IJ N of
the river Nar, and 34 SE of Kiiigs-Lynn; and has a sta-
tion on the railway, and a post-office under L}^ln. The
parish comprises 3,029 acres. Real property, £5,872;
of which £80 are in quarries. Pop., 894. Houses, 190.
The jiroperty is divided among a few. Middleton manor,
with Middleton Tower and much of the land, belongs to
L. W. Jarvis, Esq. The Tower was built, in the time of
Henry VI., by the Lords Scales; was recently restored
and enlarged ;' and has an old brick turreted gate-way,
54 feet by 27. Middleton Hall is the seat of Major E.
Hutton; and Valley-field is the seat of S. A. Gurney,
Esq. Blackborough manor, with the largest estate in
the parish, belongs to the see of Norwich, and is now
vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. Black-
borough priory, in the vale of the Nar, was founded, in
the time of Henry II., for Benedictine nuns. Middleton
Stop dram runs lo the Wash at Lynn. A lofty circular
mound, surrounded by a deep fosse, is near the church.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Norwich.
Value, £315.* Patron, W. Durst, Esq. The church
is ancient but good; and consists of nave, aisles, and
chancel, with a tower. There are a Wesleyan chapel and
a fuel allotment. —The sub-district contains also five
other parishes. Acres, 10,848. Pop., 2,239. Houses,
473.
MIDDLETON, a township in Cottingham pansh,
Northampton; near the river Welland, 6 miles N by E
ofRothwell. Real property, £3,052. Pop., 421. Houses,
96. It has a post-office under Leicester, and a dissenting
chapel.
MI DDLETON, a township in Belford parish, Northum-
beriand; UmileNNWofBelford. Pop., 112. Houses, 19.
lillDDLETON, a railway station in Northumberland;
on the Wansbeck Valley railway, lOJ miles \V of 5Ior-
peth.
MIDDLETON, a township-chapeliy in Bitterley par-
ish, Salop; on an affluent of the river Teme, 2 miles
NE of Ludlow r. station. It has a post-office under Lud-
low. Eeal propert)', £2,251. Pop., 198. The manor
belongs to Sir W. R. Boughton, Bart. The living is a
p. curacy, annexed to the rectory of Bitterley, in the dio-
cese of Hereford.
MIDDLETON, a township in Chirbury parish, and a
chapelry partly also in Church-Stoke parish, Salop. The
township lies under Stapeley Hill, adjacent to Mont-
gonierysliire, 5 miles ESE of Forden r. station, and 7
NNW" of Bishops-Castle. The chapelry includes also
the townships of Priest-Weston, Eorington, and WU-
min"ton; and was constituted in 1845. Post-town,
Chirbury, Salop. Pop., 740. Houses, 145. Pop. of
the Cliirbuiy portion, 601. Houses, 119. The manor
belori£;s to iliss Stokes. Stapeley Hill is crowned by an
imperfect Dniidical circle, 120 feet in circuit; several of
the stones of which are still standing. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Hereford. Value, £132.*
Patron, the Vicar of Chiilmry. The church is a neat
edifice, with a bell-tunot. There is a n.ational schoid.
MIDDLKTON, a township in Oswestry parish, Salop;
1 mile E of Oswestry. Pop., 98.
5IIDDLET0N, a village and a parish in lilything
district, Sulfolk. The village stands on the river Bad-
I in'diani, 2 miles SE of Darsham r. stati('ti, and 4 NE of
MIDDLETON.
533
MIDDLETOXCHENEY.
Saxmunilham; and ha3 a post-office under Saxmuiidham.
The parish contains also the liaralet of Fordley. Acres,
l,4-:o. Keal property, £3,941. Pop., 589. Houses,
131. The property is divided among a few. The living
is a rectory, united with the rectory of Fordley, in the
diocese of Norwich. Value, £10-2.* Tatrou, the Kev.
E. lloUond. The church is an old building, with a
th.itched roof; was recently restored; and has a tower
nnd spire. There are a Wesleyan chapel and a church
school.
MIDDLEI'ON, a parish in Westhanipnctt district,
Sussex; on the coast, 2i niiles E of Bognor r. station.
It includes the hanrlet of Elmer; and its post-town is
Bognor. Acre.?, 859 ; of which 213 are submerged every
tide. Keal projiertv, £6(55. Pop., 89. Houses, 16. The
property is divided' among a few. lluch land has been
removed by encroachment of the sea. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Chichester. Value, £180. Pa-
tron, George H. Roe, Esq. The old church was swept
away by the sea; and the present chiirck was built in
1849.
MIDDLETOX, a village and a parish in the district of
Tamworth and county of Warwick. The village stands
ne;ir the boundarv with Staffordshire, 1 4 mile W of the
Faieley canal, 2 W of the river Tame, 2* S of Watllng-
sCreet, 3 NW of Kingsbury r. station, and 4.^ SSW of
Tamworth; has a postal letter-box under Tamworth; and
gives the title of Baron to the family of Villoughby.
The parish comprises 3,5 10 acres. Keal property, £5,293.
Pop., 484. Houses, 99. The manor and most of the
land' belong to Lord Middleton. Middletou Hall is
the seat of John Peel, Esq. The living is a p. cu-
racy in the diocese of Worcester. Value, £100. Pa-
tron, Lord Sliddleton. The church is of various dates,
from Norman downwards; consists of nave, aisle, and
chancel, with a tower; and contains several monuments
to the Willouglibys, and a very ancient and curious one
to Lord Kidg^vay. There are an endowed school with
£46 a-year, and charities £29.
JIIDDLETON, a township-chapelry in Kirkby-Lous-
dale parish, Westmoreland; on the river Lune, and on
the Ingleton branch of the Northwestern railway, 2.^
miles W of the boundary with Yorkshire, and 5 N by E
of Kirkby-Lonsdale. It has a station on the railway, and
a pobt-office, designated Middleton-iu-Lonsdale, West-
moreland. Acies, 7,503. Real property, £3,567. Pop.
in 1S51, 275; in 1861, 366. Houses, 55. Jliddleton
Hall belonged to the Askews, and becaine ruinous.
Grimes Hill is a recent mansion and a chief resid-nce.
Much of the land is moor and mountain. A battle is
said to liavc been fought between the English and the
Scotch near the old bridge. The living is a p. curacy in
tlie dio.cse of Cadisle. Value, £100.* Patron, the
Vicar of Kirkby-Lousdale. The church was built in
1634. There are an endowed school with £10 a-ycar,
and charities £26.
MIDDLETON, a village and a parish in Driffield dis-
trict, K. R. Yorkshire. The village stands on the Wolds,
5k miles WNW of Lockington r. station, and 8i NW of
Reverley; and has a post-office, + of the name of JMid'Ue-
ton-on-the-Wolds, under Beverley. The parish com-
■prises 3,340 acres. Keal property, £5,733. Pop., 701.
Houses, 150. The property is subdivided. The manor
belongs to Lord Londe.^borough. The living is a rec-
tory in the diocese of York. Value, £917.* Patron,
the Kcv. H. D. Blanchard. The church has a tower,
and if good. There are chapels for Wesleyaus and Pri-
mitive -Methodists.
.MIDDLETON, a sub-district in tlie district of Tccs-
dalo; containing Miildleton-in-Tecsdale parish, elector-
filly in Durham, and -.ix townships of Komald-Kirk par-
ish, electorally in N. R. Yorkshire. Acres, 88,727.
ro])., 7,079. ilousi's, 1,230.
illDDLETON, a townshii) and a parish in Piikcring
district, N. R. Yorkshire, i'lip township lies adj.icent
to the Whitby railway, 1^ mile NW of I'icki'ring. Acres,
1,310. Real property, £1,409. Pop., 2^3. Houses,
59. The ])ari^li contain.^ also the townshijis of Aislaby,
Wrelton, C'awthonie, Hartoft. Cropton, and Rosed ile-
East-Side, and the chapelry of Lockton. Post-town,
Pickering, under York. Acres, 25,450. Real property,
£10,535; of which £100 are in mines, and £4 in quarries.
Pop. in 1851, 1,942; in 1861, 2,100. Houses, 430. Tho
property is subdividcl. The manor belongs to T.
Mitchelton, Esq. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of York. Value, £100.* Patrons, the Rev. A. Caylcy
and T. Smitli, Esq. The church is ancient but good,
and has a tower. There are chapels of ease at Cropton
aiul Lockton, chapels for Wesleyaus and Primitive ile-
thodists, a parochial school, and cliarities £52.
MIDDLETON, a township in Ilkley parish, W. R.
Yorkshire; on the river Wharfe, 5i miles NW by W of
Otley. Acres, 2,763. Real property, £1,836. Pop.,
167. Houses, 41. Middleton Lodge is the ancient seat
of the iliddleton family, and has attached to it a Roman
Catholic chapel. Mid^lleton moor forms a large portion
of the township, and extends beyond it.
jMIDDLETON, a village, a township, and a chapelry
in Rothwell parish, W. K. Yorkshire. The village
stands on an eminence, 4 miles S of Leeds r. station ;
and con. mauds extensive views. The township contains
also the hamlet of Belle-lsle. Post-town, Leeds. Acres,
1,797. Keal property, £9,261; of which £4,400 are in
mines, and £30 in quarries. Pop., 902. Houses, 207.
There are several extensive collieries; and a tram road
goes to the Bradling wharf at Leeds. — The chapelry is
more extensive than the township, and was constituted
in 1849. Pop., 1,360. Houses, 292. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of Ripon. Value, £140.* Patron,
the Vicar of Rothwell. The church was built in 1846;
is in the early English style; and consi.sts of nave, aisles,
N transept, and chancel, with tower and spire.
MIDDLETON, a place in the E of Durham; 1 mile
from West Hartlepool. It Las a post-office under West
Hartlepool.
illDDLETON, S. Durham. See JMiDDLETON-Sr.
Gr.oRcn.
MIDDLETON, W. Durham. See Midpleton-in-
TuEsnALE.
MIDDLETON AND DINSDALE, a railway station
in Durham; on the Darlington and Stockton railway, 4
miles E by S of Darlington.
MIDDLETON AND STOCKHILL. See Middleto.v,
Ilklev, W. R. Yorkshire.
MIDDLETON -BIRCH. See Bir.cii, or Bikch-St.
5L\r.Y.
M1DDLE:T0N-BY-WIRKSW0RTH, a village, rr—
township, and a chapelry in Wirksworth parish, Derby,
'i'he village stands 1 mile" NW by N of Wuksworth r. sta-
tion, and 2 WSW of Cromford; is a considerable place;
and has a post-office under 'Wirksworth. The township
includes the village, and extends into the country. Real
property, £2,129; of which £252 are in quarries, aud
£34 in mines. Pop., 964. Houses, 221. Ash-Hill is
the seat of W. Wheatcroft, Esq. Excellent marble
is quarried, and lead ore is mined. — The chapelry in-
cludes also Ible, Griffi- Grange, Ivoubrook - Grange,
and parts of Wirksworth, Cromford and Hupton town-
ships; and was constituted in 1847. Pop., 1,133.
Houses, 259. Most of Griff- Grange belongs to the
tru.stees of the late P. Cell, Esq.; and" all Ivonbrook-
Grange belongs to Lord Scarsdule. Tho living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Lichfield. Value, £300.*
Patron, the Vicar of. Wirksworth. The church was
built in 1S39 at a cost of £1,200; and contains 413
sittings. There are chapels for Independents, Wesleyaus,
and Primitive ilethodists, and a neat new school, in .^l.
township; a chapel for Primitive ilcthodists in Iblo
townshiji; and a school church in Ivoubrook-Grangc.
Charities, £2.5.
MIDDLETON-CIIENEY, a village and a parish in
the district of Banbury and county of Northampton.
Tlio village stands 2 miles E of tlie river Cherwcll at the
boundary with Oxfordshire, aud 2^ E by N of Banbury
r. station; is divided into two parts, called Lower and
Upper; is a seat of petty .sessions; and has a postolHca
I under Banbury, and a recently enacted police court aud
'l station. The pari.sh comprises 1,730 acres, and is some-
MIDDLETOX-DALE.
334
mDDLETON (SoT-TH).
times caUed M. -Chenduit. Eeal property, £6,380. Pop.
in 1851, 1,330; in 1861, 1,250. Houses, 301. The
property is much subdivided. The mauor belongs to
Miss Horton. A battle w;is fought here, in 1043, be-
tween the royalists under the Earl of Northampton, and
the parliamentarians. The living is a rectory in the dio-
cese of Peterborough. Value, i-4-23.* Patron, Br;uenose
Cnllce, Oviford. The church is decorated I'.nglish; com-
prises nave, aisles, and chancel, Avith lofty pinnacled
tower and graceful .'^pire; has a porch of fine decorated
stone work, with lofty ogee roof; was restored in ISbo,
at a cost of about i:3,000; and contains a well-preserved
cinquefoU-hcaded piscina. There arc chapels for Baptists,
"Wesleyans, and Primitive Jlethodists ; national schools,
built in 1S50; nine alms-houses, built and endowed by
Jli-^s Horton iu 1863-7 ;andsome other charities.
MIDDLETOX-DALE, a romantic glen in the N of
Derbyshire; commencing at the village of Stoney-JIiddle-
-ton, near the river Derwent; and ascending about 2
miles north-westward, till it merges in the mountains
toward Castleton. Naked masses of rock rise on both
sides of it to a great height; and a grand and famous one
of these bears the name of the Lover's Leap.
MIDDLETON (Dirty), a place in the N of Hereford:
31 miles WNW of Tenbury.
MIDDLETON-GKANGE, a place sometimes deemed
extra-parochial in Aston-by-Sntton chapelry, Cheshire;
on the river Weaver, 2 miles E of Frodsham.
MIDDLETONGREEN, a hamlet in Leigh parish,
Stafibrd; 54 miles W of Uttoxeter.
MIDDLETON-HALL, a township in Ilderton parish,
Northumberland; l?i mile S by W of AVooler. Acres,
1,101. Pop., 73. Houses, 10. The property belongs
to Greenwich hospital.
MIDDLETON HALL, a scat in the E of CaiTnarthen-
shire; near the river Teifi, 6h miles E of Cannartlien. It
was built by Cockerell for SirAV. Paxton; it passed to W.
Adams, Esq. ; and it stands in extensive grounds, con-
taining the old nuiiision of tlie Myddletons, and a pillar
to tlie memorv of Nelson, commanding a very fine view.
MIDDLETON -IN -LONSDALE. See Middleton,
Westmoreland.
MIDDLETON-IN-TEESDALE, a small town, a town-
ship, and a jiarish, in Teesdale district, Durliam. The
town .stands on the river Tees, at the terminus of the
Tees Valley railway,- and at the boundary with York-
shire, 9 miles NW of Darnard-Castle; has a r. station
with telegraph; is irregularly built and singularly situ-
ated, on tue sides of hills, around an extensive green at
their base; is environed by lead mines, chierty btrlonging
to the Duke of Cleveland, and mostly let to companies
for one-sLxth of the ore extracted; is a polling-place for
fiouth Durham; and has a post-office i under Darlington,
two good inns, a town-hall, a market-house, a church,
three dissenting chapels, an endowed school, a weeklj-
market on Saturday, and fairs on the third Thursday of
April, 7 July, and the second Thursday of Sept. The
church is ancient, and presents the peculiarity of having
a detached bell-tower. The dissenting chapels are for
i'aptists, Wesleyans, and Primitive Methodists. The
town is a good centre for visiting the romantic scenery
of Upper Teesdale, including the famous cataracts of
High Force and Caldron Suou't. Baths and wash-houses
for the workmen of neighbouring lead-mines, and for the
]iublic, were buUt in 1S69. — the township comprises
]0,43i acres. Eeal property, £7,G03; of which £1,676
are in mines. Pop. in 1851, 1,849; in 1861, 2,266.
Houses, 415. The increase of pop. arose from the exten-
sion of lead-mining. — The parish contains also the town-
.ships of Egglestone, Newbiggin, and Forest and Fiith.
Acres, 40,250. Real property, £39,713; of which
X27,S53 are in mines, and £20 iu quarries. Pop. in
1851, 3,972; in 1S61, 4,557. Houses, 801. The sur-
face on the S border, along tlve course of the Tees, is
pictui'esque. Wynch bridge, about 2 miles above the
town, s])aus the river across a rocky chasm 60 feet deep;
is a slight and rocking structure on the suspension prin-
ciple ; and succeeded a still sligliter one, constructed
«lioul 1741, and supposed to be the earliest suspension-
bridge in Europe. The river, at the chasm, first goew
wildly round reefs of basalt, and tlien rushes down r.
cataract in sheets of foam. The surface X of the town in
wild and moorish, and includes a large tract called
Middleton Common. The lead -mines are partly iu
Middlcton township, but chiefly inEg;;lestoiie; and they
are worked by levels or bushings. So much as about
4,000 tons of pig-lead is sent annually from Teesdale for
shipment at the mouth of the Tees. The living is a
rectory, united with the chapelries of Forest and Har-
wood, in the diocese of Durham. Value, not reported.*
Patron, the Crown. The p. curacy of Egglestone is a
separate benefice. Charities, £38.
MIDDLETON -JUNCTION, a railway station in
Lancashire; on the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway, at
the junction of the short branch to Middleton, 5i miles
NNE of Manchester.
IMIDDLETON-MALZOE. See Miltox, Northamp-
ton.
MIDDLETON (North), a township in Ilderton par-
ish, Northumberland; 2 miles Sby E ofWooler. Acres,
2,102. Pop., 113. Houses, 20. The property belongs
to the Earl of Tankerville.
MIDDLETON (North), a township in Hartburn par-
ish, Northumberland; near the river Wansbeck, and the
Wansbeck Valley railway, 1^ mile ENE of Jliddleton r.
station, and 9 W by N of Morpeth. Pop., 94. Houses,
16. There is a United Presbvterian church.
MIDDLETON -ONE -ROW. See Middletox-St.
George.
MIDDLETON-ON-THE-HILL, a parish in Leomin-
ster district, Hereford ; near the boundarj' with Salop,^ 3
miles SE of AVooUerton-Junction r. station, and 5 NE
by N of Leominster. Post-town, Leominster. Acres,
2,921. Real property, £3,304; of which £23 are in
quarries. Pop., 445' Houses, 79. The property is
much subdivided. Moor Abbey and Withers are chief
residences. The living is a vicarage, annexed to the
vicarage of Kimbolton, in the diocese of Hereford. The
church is ancient but Kood, and has a tower.
JIIDDLETON-ON-THE-WOLDS. See Middletox,
E. R. Yorkshire.
MIDDLETON-PRIORS, a towusliip in Priors-Ditton
parish, Salop; 6 J miles S of Wenlock.
ailDDLETON-QUERNHOW, a township in Wath
parish, N. E. Yorkshire; 5 miles N by E of Ripou. Acres,
735. Real property, £1,326. Pop., 129. Houses, 28.
MIDDLETON-ST. -GEORGE, or Midpi.etox-Oxe-
Row, a village and a parish in Davlington district, Dur-
ham. The village stands on the river Tees, at the
boundary with Yorkshire, near Dinsdalespa, 1 mile S of
the Darlington and Stockton railway, and 4J ESE of
Darlington ; consists of a row of well-built houses, ex-
tending over a line of nearly A a mUe, together with two
good hotels; was erected chiefly for the accommodation
of visitors to Diusdale spa; bears properly the name of
Jliddleton-One-Row, while the parish properly bears that
of Middleton-St. George; has a post-office, of its own
proper name, under Darlington ; and communicates by
omnibus with the r. station of iliddleton and Dinsdale.
The parish contaius also the hamlet of Oak-Tree, and
some houses recently erected by the Middleton Iron
Company. -Acres, 2,050. Real property, £2,999.
Pop., 294. Houses, C3. The property is much subdi-
vided. The manor belongs to H. A. W. Cox, Esq.
Tlie living is a rectory in the diocese of Durham. Value,
£100. Patron, H. a'. W. Cox, Esq. The church st.-uuU
near the ^-illage, is small and plain, and consists of nave
and chancel. There are a Wcsleyan chapel, and a slightly
endowed school.
MIDDLETON-SCRIVEN, a parish in Bridgnorth
district, Salop; 4 miles WNW of Hampton-Lode r. sta-
tion, and 4i SW of Bridgnorth. Post-town, Bridgnorth.
Acres, 786. Real property, £2, 419. Pop., 111. llouses,
25. The property is all in one estate. Tlie li^ng is a
rectory iu the diocese of Hereford. Value, £170.* Pa-
tron, "T. Walker, Esq. The church is good, and hts
several stained glass windows. '
MIDDLETON (SorTn), a township iu Ilderton pariali,
MIDDLETON (South).
335
MIDDLEWICir.
Northiiraberlaiiil; 3! miles S by "W" of Wooler. Acre^,
1,609. Pop.. 75. iloiui's, 13.
MIDDLETON (South), a tow-nsliip in Haitbvu-n p:ir-
ish, Northumbei'iand ; on the river Waiisbeck, ami on
the Wansbcck Vall.-v railway, at MidiUcton r. station,
lOi miles \V cf iioqieth. Acres, 609. Pop., 22.
Hou?es 3.
MIDDLETON-STOXEY, a villag;e ami a chapelry in
Hathersage p.\iish, Derby. The village stands at the
entraiiL-e of iIi(lJ.l'-t.:'n dale, on an aWueut of the river
Dervrent, 3t miles N by E of Ha.ssop r. station, and 4^
2» by E of Bakewell; is a very picturesque place, with
some houses at the foot of cliffs, and others on successive
ledges of steep rock; and has a post-otlice imder Shef-
field, and a warm sjiring with baths. The spring is sup-
posed to have been known and used by the Romans ; was
covered by erecti'.ins of old date; and is now enclosed in
baths rebiult by the late Lord Denmau. The chapelry
comprises 1,310 acres. Real property, £'2,191. Pop.,
>j03. Honse.^, 132. The property is much subdivided.
Stoney-Middleton Hvuse is the seat of Lord Oenman.
iliddleton dale is a highly romantic glen. The rocks
are cliiefly limestone, and they abound iu lead ore. Sev-
eral lime-kilns are in the dale ; and there are places for
smelttag ore and manufacturing barytes. The living is
a p. curacv in the diocese of Lichfield. Value, £110.
Patron, the Vicar of Hathersnge. The church was re-
built in 1767; retains a tower of more ancient date; and
has the form of an octagon. There are chapels for Pres-
byterians and Wesleyans, an endowed school, and char-
ities £20.
MIDDLETON-STONEY, a village and a parish in
Bic:-.-trr ilistrlct, 0:<ford. The village stands 3 miles E
by S of Hej-ford r. station, and 3| \V by N of Bicester;
Is a vri-y pretty place; was once a market town; and has
a iiOit-oSice under Bicester. The parish compiises 1,S34
acres. Real property, £2,191. Pop., 259. Houses, 66.
The :nanor belonged anciently to \V. Longsword; passed
to the Laoys and others; and" belongs now to the Earl of
Jersev. Middleton House is the Earl's seat; succeeded
a previous mansion, destroyed by fire iu 1753; contains
some interesting portraits; and stands in a beautiful park.
A castle of the Xonaan times stood near the church; and
the foundations of it can still be traced. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Oxford. Value, £400. Pa-
tron, the Bishoj) of O.tford. The church stands in the
mil'ile of the park; is transition Norman, in good con-
dition; comprises nave, aisles, and chancel, with embat-
tled tower; has a good early English arcade outside the
tower; ami includes, on the N side, a recent and beauti-
fully decorated mortuary chapel of the Earl of Jersey.
MIDDLETON-TYAS, a village, a to\niship, and a
parish in Richmond district, N. R. Yorkshire. The vil-
lage stands 3J miles NXW of Suorton r. station, and 5|
NE of Richmond; and has a post-oflice under Richmond,
Yorkshire. The tou-nship bears the name of Middleton-
Tyas-with-Kneeton, and comprises 3,154 acres. Real
propertv, £5,233. Pop., 531. Houses, 100.— The par-
ish contains also the township of iloulton, and compri.ses
•;,103 acres. Real property, £8,235. Pop., 775. Houses,
155. The pro|)erty is divided among a few. The manor
belongs to L. L. Hartley, Esq. IMiddleton Lodge, Mor-
ris Grange, Gatherley Castle, iloulton Hall, West H.dl,
and East Hall are chief rcbidences. The parish is a meet
for the Raby houniLi. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese of Ripon. Value, £705.* Patron, the Bishop of
Ripoii. The church is very ancient, has a tower, and was
re-tcred in 1867. A handsome schoolhouse was built in
ISOn.
.MIDDLETOX-UPOX-LEVEX, a to«-nship-chapelry
in Rud!iy-in-Clevelaml parish, N. R. York.shire; on the
river Leven, 4 A miles ESE of Yarnj r. station. Post-
town, Yami. Acres, 1,129. Real property, 1,36S. P-'p.,
lOS. Houses, 19. The manor belongs to Viscount Falk-
lau'l. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage
of Riidby, in the diocese of York. The church is a
small building, with a bell turret.
MIDDUITOWN, a township in Alberbury parish,
jluat^oniery; on the Shrewsbury and Welslipool railway,
under Breiddcn Hill, adjacent to Salop, 5J miles XE of
■Welshpool. It has a station on the railway. Acres,
736. Pop. in IS.ol, 102; in 1861, 210. Houses, 37.
MlDDi.,EWICH, a small town, a township, and a sub-
district in Xorthwich district, and a pariah partly also in
Nantwich district, Cheshire. The town stands on the
Grand Trunk canal, at the junction of the iliddlewich
branch, on the river Dane, at the inllux of the AVheelock
or Croco, and on the Sandbach, Jliddlewich, and Nortii-
wich branch of the Xorthwcstcrn railway, 2 miles E of
Winsford station on the main line of the Xorthwesteni,
and 21 E of Chester; took its name from being a middle
one of the "wiches" or salt towns of Cheshire; and is
built on a bed of Roman remains. The town retains an
antique appearance; its streets, till lately, were badly
paved; has recently imdergone considerable in;provement;
is a seat of petty sessions; and has a head post-oliice,* a
railway station, a town-hall, a police station, a church.
Independent, Weslej-an, and Roman Catholic chapels,
a literary and scientific institution, a temperance society's
reading-room, a grammar-school, national schools, a new
idtra-mural cemetery, and charities £11. The town-
hall is a neat modern edifice; the lower part fitted as a
market-house, the upper part containing a public hall,
a court-house, a news-room, and the meeting-place of the
literary institution. The church is large, luimlsome, aud
has been recently repaired and beautified. It consists of
chancel, and nave divided from the aisles by five arches.
The pillars are octagonal, of the ("ecoratcd period, but
the pillar and respond next the_ chancel are semi-Xor-
man. The aisles are terminated by two chap>'ls, the
north anciently belonging to the ^'enables — P.arons of
Kinderton, but now the property of the Rev. Thomas
France. 'The south has been a Lady chapel. The pa-
tronage belongs to I. Jloreton Wood, Esq., whose ances-
tors purchased the advowson from Sir. Wm. Brereton,
A. D. 1663. The Roman Catholic chapel was rebuilt in
IS65. The national schools adjoiu the church ; were
erected in 1854; and are a handsome and connuodious
structure, in the pointed style. A weekly market is
held on 'Tuesday; fairs are held on the last Tuesday of
Feb., April, and Oct.; business is done in salt-works,
not on any great scale; and there is a silk-mill. Tlie
limits of the town are understood to comprise all Jlid-
dlewich township, and parts of Xewton and Kindcrtoa-
with-Hulme townships. The town is governed, 1S70,
by a local board. Pop. in 1861, 3,146. Houses, 717.
Pop. of the Xewton portion, 1,659; of the Kinderton
portion, 384. Real property of Jliddlewich township,
£2,316. Pop., 1,203. Houses, 279.
The sub-distri't contains eleven townships of Middle-
wich parish, scvi,.; of Davenham, one of Great Bud worth,
audone of Sandbach. Acres, 15,140. Pop., 5,644. Houses,
1,150. — The parish contains the townships of iliddle-
wich, Newton, Kinderton-with-Hulme, Sutton, Occle-
stone, Sproston, Ravenscroft, Croxton, SUiblach, iloores-
banow-with-Parme, and Bylej'-with-Yatehouse, in Mid-
dlcwich sub-district, the towushiiis of Weaver, \\'im-
boldsley, and Clive, in another section of Xorthwich dis-
trict, and the township of MinshuU-Veniou, in Xaut-
wich district. Acres, 13,110. Real projierty, £27,811;
of which £110 arc in gas-works. Pop. in ISSt, 4,49S;
in 1861, 4,752. Houses, 978. The manors of Middle-
wich, Kinderton, Stublach, and Croxton, belong to Rev.
Thomas France; thr.t of Byley-with-Yatehouso, to Sir
Charles W. Shakerley, Bart. ; those of Clive and Wea-
ver, to G. Wilbraliam, Esq.; that of Occlestone, to E.
Vernon, Esq.; that of Wimboldslej", to John Chapman,
Esq.; that of iliushuU- Vernon, to L. Loyd, Escj. ; and
tliat of Xewton, to W. R. Court, Esq., Xewton .Manor.
A party of royalists under Aston was beaten at Middle-
wich, in 1012, by a party of parliamentarians under Sir
W. Brereton. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Chester. Value, ,£150. The rectory of Bylcy-cum-I.ees
is a parish, and in tlie gift of the Vicar. .Minshull-\'er-
non, another scpamte benefice taken out of the parish, is
in the gift of the Uishop of Chester; an Independent cha-
pel is at Cross-Lanes; L'nited Free Jfethodist chapels are
iu Clive and Weaver; aud a national sichool is at Brad-
MIDDLEWICH CANAr..
330
MIDHURST,
field-Green. T. Lindsey, the Unitarian «ritei-, was a na-
tive; and also the Rev. J. Hulse, who left his estates in
tliis parish to the University of Cambriilge, to found the
Hulsean lectureship, &c., and was buried here in n90.
MIDDLEWICH CANAL, a canal in Cheshire;
branching from the Grand Trunk canal at lliddlewicU;
and going 9 miles south-south-westward, past Church-
Jlinshull, into junction with the Birmingham and Liver-
pool canal at Wardle.
MIDDLE WOOD, a hamlet in Dawlish parish, Devon;
64 miles SK of Chudleigh. Pop., 72.
MIDDLEZOY, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Bridgewater district, Somerset. The village stands
on a rising-ground, about 2 miles from the river Par-
rot, 4 N of Athelney r. station, and 6 SE of Bridge water;
and has a post-office under Bridgewater. The parish con-
tains also the hamlets of Long-Acre and Thorngi'ove.
Acres, 2,520. Real propert}-, £5,787. Pop., 725. Houses,
153. The property is much subdivided. The manor be-
longs to K. M. King, Esq. Moorland House is the seat
of T. Perratt, Esq. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese of Bath and Wells. Value, £133.* Pati-on, the
Bishop of AVorcester. The church is chiefly later Eng-
lish, in fair condition; has a very fine tower ; and com-
prises nave, S aisle, transept, porch, and chancel. There
are a Wesleyan chapel and a national school. The
sub-district contains also three other parishes, and small
parts of two others. Pop., 2,737. Houses, 599.
MIDDOP, a township inGisburn parish, W. R. York-
shire; adjacent to Lancashire, 3| miles NW by N of
Colne. Acres, 1,090. Pop., 57. House.s, 12.
MIDDRIDGE, a township in Auckland-St. Andrew
parish, Durham; i mUes SEof Bishop-. \unkland. Acres,
1,118. Real property, £1,723; of which £20 are in quar-
ries. Pop., 313. Houses, 63. There are a Primiti%-e
Methodist chapel and a national school.
MIDDRIDGE-GRANGE, a township chiefly in Auck-
land-St. Andrew pari.sh, and partly in Heighington par-
ish, Durham; 4 miles SE by S of Bishop-Auokland.
Acres, 928. Real propert}', £1,183; of which £30 are in
quarries. Pop., 56. Houses, 8.
MIDFORD, a village in the NE of Somerset; in a
pretty valley, 3.^ mUes S of Bath. It has a post-office
under Bath. Midford Castle, on the tenaced slope of an
adjacent hill, is the seat of C. T. Conolly, Esq. , has a
picture gallery, and commands a fine view.
MIDGE-HALL, a railway station in Lancashire; on
the Liverpool and Preston railway, 5 miles SW by S of
Preston.
MIDGEHOLM, an extra-parochial tract in Brampton
district, Cumberland; 74 miles E of Brampton. Pop.,
82. Houses, 16.
MIDGHAM, a chapelry in Thatcham parish, Berks;
on the river Kennet, the Kennet and Avon canal, and
the Great Westcm railway, near Woolhampton r. station,
and 7 miles E of Newbury. Post-town, Woolhampton,
under Reading. Acres, 1,730. Real property, £2,493.
Pop., 233. Houses, 56. The property is divided among
a few. Jlidgham House is the seat of B. B. Green,
Esq. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of O.xford.
Value, £105.* Patron, not reported. The church is
ancient.
MIDGHA5I, a tything in Fordingbridge parish,
Hants; 1 mile SW of Fordingbridge. Real property,
£1,207. Pop., 54.
MIDGLEY, a village and a township in Halifax par-
ish, W. R. Yorkshire. The village stands on a lofty
eminence, J of a mile NW of Luddenden-foot r. station,
and 4 J W by N of Halifax. The township contains also
parts of the villages of Luddenden, Luildenden-foot, and
Mytholmroj'd. Acres, 2,110. Real property, £6,797; of
which £20 are in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 2,393; in 1S61,
2,842. Houses, 585. The manor belongs to T. Riley,
Esq. Ewood Hall, Brearley Hall, Brearley House, Ellen-
Royd, MidtUefoot, Brierhey, Dean House, White Lee, and
Upper "White Lee are chief residences. The surface is
chii'fly a mountainous tract on the N side of the vale
cf Calder. There are extensive cotton and worsted
mills, a paper-mill, the church of Luddenden cliapelrj-,
an Independent chapel, a New Connexion Methodist
chapel, and charities £39.
MIDGLEY, a village in Shitlington to^^nsllip, Tliorn-
hill parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 74 miles NW of Barnesley.
Pop., 252.
MID-HANTS RAILWAY, a raUway in Hants; from
the Alton branch of the Southwestern at Alton, south-
west-by-wc3tward, to the main line of the Southwestern
at Winchester, together with branches to the Peterstield
and Bishops- Waltham. The main line was authorizcil
in 1S60, on a capital of £150,000 in shares, and £50,000
in loans; bore the name of the Alton, Alresford, and
Winchester till 1864, when it took its present name; was
opened in Oct. 1865; and is 18J miles long. The
branches were authorized in 1864, on a new capital cf
£180,000 in shares, and £59,900 in loans; and are 9
miles long. The railway was leased, in 1861, to the
Southwestern.
JIIDHOPE, a chapelry, containing the small villages
of Jilidhope-Stones and Upper ilidhope, in Ecclesfield
parish, "VV. R. Yorkshire; on the river Little Don, 2 J
mdes SW by S of Peni.stone r. station. Post-town^
Penistone, under Sheffield Rated property, £780. Pop.,
about 340. The property is divided among a few; but
the Bosville estate is far the largest. The living is a p.
curacy in tlie diocese of York. Value, £64. Patron, G.
W. B. Bosville, Esq. The church is ancient. There is
a slightly endowed school.
MIDHURST, a town, a parish, a sub-district, and a
district, in Sussex. The to\vn stands on a gentle emi-
nence, adjacent to the river Rother, at an intersection of
railways eastward from Southampton to Pulborough, and
southward from Ha.slemere to Chichester, 12 miles N
by E of Chichester; has picturesque and hilly environs ;
is supposed, by some antiquaries, to occupy the site of
the Roman station Mida; appears to have beou, at
Domesday, part of the manor of Easebourne; became
afterwards a lordship, in possession of the Bohmis; had,
on St. Anne's HUl, an ancient castle of the Bohuns, the
foundations of which can still be traced; was long a town
of considerable importance; fell eventually into de-
cadence, or at least did not keep pace with the progi-ess
of modern improvement; exhibits at present a well-built
appearance, with clean streets; enjoys so fine an atmo-
s])here that its inhabitants are remarkable for longevity; •
is a seat of petty sessions and county courts, and a poll-
ing-place; and has a head past-office, J a railway station,
a banking-office, three chief inns, a town-hall, a church,
Calvinistic and Baptist chapels, a mechanics' institution
with a good library, a national school, and cliarities
£179. The church is later English; was recently re-
paired and enlarged; consists of uave, S aisle, and chan-
cel, with low embattled tower ; and had formerly a great
tomb of the Jlontagues, which is now at Easebourne. A
grammar school was founded in 1672, by Gilbert Han-
iiam, ' ' for teaching twelve poor men's sons in Midhurst;"
had an endowment of £33 a-year; and boasts among its
pupUs Sir Charles Lyell, the geologist; but, either from
the inadequacy of the endowment, or from some occult
cause, sanlc some years ago into insignificance, and is now
defunct. A weekly corn market is held on Thursda}-;
and cattle fail's are held on 6 April, 29 Oct., and Whit-
Tuesday. The town is a borough by prescri[ition. It Ls
governed by a bailiff, chosen at the court-baron of the
manor; it sent two members to parliament from the
time of Edward the IV. till the passing of the act of
1S32, and it now sends one. Its old borough limits were
not quite co-extensive with Midhurst parish; but its
borough limits, under the act of 1832, describe a circle
upon a radius of 4 miles, and include the entire parishes
of Midhurst, Easebourne, Chithurst, Cocking, Didiing,
GrafTham, and Heyshott, the tything of South Am-
bersham, parts of tlie pari-shes of Bepton, Bignor, Iping,
Linch, Lodsworth, Selham, Stedham, Trotton, Wool-
avington, and Woolbeding, and part of the tything of
North Ambersham. Acres, 22,188. Amount of pro-
perty and income tax charged inl863, £1,966. Electors
in 1833, 252; in 1863, 362. Pop. in 1851, 7,021; in
1861,6,405. Houses, 1,232. Dunford House, the .seat
SITDLAND COUNTIES RAILWAY.
337
MIDLEY.
of the late R. Cob'ien, Esq., and the ruins of Cowdray,
l>;loagiDf; to the Earl of Egmont, are in the neighbour-
hood of the tovrn; and both have been separately noticed.
The parish includes the liberty of St. John of Jerusalem,
and comprises 671 acre.s. Keal property, £4,668. Pop.
in ISol, 1,4S1; in 1861,1,340. Houses, 287. The
icazor went from the Bohuns, by marriage, to Sir David
Chren; wao sold by him, in 1528, to Sir William Fitz-
wiiliam; ra.ssed to Lord Montague and to W. S. Poyntz,
II5.3.; and belongs now to the Earl of Egmont. The
living La a p. curacy in the diocese of Chichester. Value,
£170. Patron, the Earl of Egmont. The sub-district
cos'iains also the parishes of Easeboume, Cocking, Sel-
ham, Lodsrrorth, TiUington, AVoolavington, and 'VVool-
b^din^ and the tvthing of South Ambershara. Acres,
20,215. Pop., 5,208. Houses, 1,057.— The district
co-nprehends also the sub-district of Fernhurst, contain-
ir.g the parishes of Fernhurst, Linchmere, Linch, North
Chapel, and Lurgashall, and the tything of North Am-
bersiiam; and the sub-district of Harting, containing the
parijihes of Harting, Elsted, Treyford, L)id]ing, Bepton,
Stedham, I ping, Trotton, Chithurst, Terwick, and
Pvc^te. Acres, 65,720. Poor-rates in 1863, £8,399.
Pop. in 1S51, 13,599; in 1861, 12,581. Houses, 2,474.
Marriages in 1863, 89 ; births, 361,— of which 27 were
illrgitiujate; deaths, 248, — of which 74 were at ages
xm'lbT 5 vears, and 7 at ages above 85. MaiTiages in the
ten years 1551-60, 808; births, 3,731; deaths, 2,380.
The places cf worship, in 1851, were 25 of the Church of
Znglaad, with 4,178 sittings; 4 of Independents, with
730 S-; 2 of Baptists, with 375 s. ; 1 of Bible Christians,
with 139 s. ; 1 undefined, with 30 s. ; and 1 of Roman
Catholics, with 100 s. The schools were 17 public daj'-
schools, with 1,094 scholars ; 8 private day-schools, with
426 s.; 12 Sunday schools, with 708 s. ; and 1 evening
school for adults, with 10 s. The workhou;e is in
Easeboume; and, at the census of 1831, had 100
inmates.
2nD-KENT RAILWAY. See Kent (Mid) Railway.
JIIDLAND AND SOUTHWESTERN JUNCTION
P^ILWAY, a railway in Middlesex ; from the North
and South Western Junction at Acton, 4 miles north-
north-eastward, to the London Extension of the Jlid-
laad at Hendon. It was authorized in 1864, on a capital
of £90,000 in shares, and £30,000 in loans; and was to
be worked by the Midland, which might subscribe
£30,000, and intended to guarantee 5.^ per cent, on the
ontla-
ill'DLAND COUNTIES RAILWAY, a railway in the
cotinties of Derby, Leicester, and Warwick; from Derby,
in continuation of the North Midland, southward, to a
jnnction with the Northwestern and the Trent Valley at
Kcgby. It was incorporated in 1836; is 49} miles long;
and was amalgamated with the North Midland and the
Birmingham and Derby, in 1844, to constitute the Mid-
lani
MIDLAND (North) RAILWAY, a railway in York-
shL-e and Derbyshire; from Leeds southward to Derby.
It WIS incorporated in 1836 ; is 74i miles long; and was
amalgamated with the Midland Counties and the Bir-
minrham and Derbv, in 1844, to constitute the Midland.
MIDL.VND RAILWAY, a railway system from Lon-
don, through the midland counties, to the northern ones.
It was constituted in 1844, by amalgamation of the Bir-
raiagham and Derby, the Miflland Counties, and the
North Midland; it extended then only from Birmingham
to Leeds, with a fork branch to the Northwestern at
Hampton; and had a total length of only 181 i miles. It
afterwards acjuired, by issue of guaranteed shares, the
Bristol and Gloucester, and the Birmingham and Glou-
cester, 95i miles, the ShrfEeld and Rothcrham, 9} miles,
the Ivcicesterand Swannington, 16 miles, and the Leeds
and Bnd.fonI, 43 miles; it likewi.se expanded by the ex-
tensions cf the Syston and Peterborough, 48} miles, the
Nottir.gham and Lincoln and Southwell, 36 miles, the
braarhings of the Leicester and Swanningtou, 21} miles,
the Erewash Valley, 21 .J miles, the Nottingham and
MansSeld, ICJ miles, and the Mansfield and Pinxton, 7.i
miles; and, in 1853-8, it was extended, in a directer line
JJ.
towiiid London, from Leicester to the Great Northern at
Hilchin, 62 miles, with n branch to the Wellingborough
station of the Northwestern, 1 mile. 'I'lie conijiany was
authorized in 1859, to extend the Erewash Valley line to
Clay Cross on the main line, and to constnict certain
branches in and near Burton-on-Trent; in 1860, to con-
struct a line of 15 miles from the Manchester, Buxton,
Matlock, and Midlands at Rowsley to Buxton, together
with three short branches from that line, — to construct
a station in St. Pancras parish, London, to enjoy a re-
newal of nmuing powers over the southern part of the
Great Northern, and to efl'ect arrangements with the
Great Northern, the North London, and the Regents'
canal, — to have nmning powers over the Soath Leices-
tershire, from Leicester to Coventry, — and to enter into
contracts with the North London, the Eastern Counties,
the Blackwall, and the Tilbury and Southend, for the
use of any of their works; in 1861, to constnict eight
new lines or branches, includiug one from the Tame
Valley at Shustoke to the South Leicestershire at Nun-
eaton, one from Ashchurch to Evesham on the West
Midland, one from the Midland main line near Worces-
ter to the Tewkesbury branch, one from the Erewash
Valley at Blackwell to Feversham, and one from the
Slidland at Beighton to Aston on the Manchester and
Slieffield, aggregately 28 miles 13 chains long, — to con-
struct a line, 12 miles 50 chains long, in extension of the
Leeds and Bradford to Otley and Illdey, and to construct
new works and acquire additional land in Derbyshire,
Lancashire, Notts, Warwickshire, Gloucestershire, and
Yorkshire, and also to acquire certain hotels; in 1862,
to extend the Rowsley and Buxton into connexion with
the Marple and New Mills, by a length of 14 miles, giv-
ing access to Manchester, — and to construct some other
new works and some small branches; in 1863, to con-
struct a line, 51 miles long, from Bedford to London, —
to constnict a connecting link with the Bristol and Exe-
ter,— and to construct several small new lines, aggre-
gately 214 mOcs long, and other works, in the counties
of York, Leicester, Warwick, and Gloucester, and in the
towns of Nottingham, Northampton, and Worcester; in
1864, to constnict a line, 17i miles long, from Mangots-
field to Batli and Thombury, — to construct a line, 13f
miles long, from Chesterfield to Sheffield, — to make ar-
rangements with the iletropolitan in connexion with
the forming of a branch 1 mile long in the parish of St.
Pancras, — and to construct several other short branches,
aggregately 11 J miles long; and, in 1865, to construct a
line, 33J miles long, from Mansfield to Southwell and
Worksop,— and to construct, in connexion with various
parts of its system, fifteen short lines, aggregately 31 1
miles long. The Midland railway has connexion also,
by lease, subscription, or otherwise, with the Little
Northwestern, the Dursley and Midland Junction, the
Worcester and Hereford, the Tewkesbury and Malvern,
the Bristol Joint Station, the Cheshire Midland, the Gar-
ston and Liverpool, the Liverpool Central Station, the
West Cheshire, the Stockport and Woodley Junction,
and the Stockport, Timperley, and Altrincham Junc-
tion. The company likewise was carrying on negotia-
tions in 1867, for an amalgamation vnth the Glas-
gow and Southwestern, which itself was pre^•iously an
amalgamated system, extending from Carlisle to Glas-
gow, and largely ramified in Ayrshire and Renfrewshire.
The capital account of the Midland svsteni, at 30 June,
1 865, showed an expenditure till that d'-te of £25, 129,886,
and receipts of £21,136,009 in stock and shares, and
£4,098,273 in debentures.
MIDLANDS JUNCTION RAILWAY. See JIax-
CUESTER, BtrxTON, M.VTLOCK, and Midlands JuhX-
TioN Railway.
MID-LAVANT. See Lavant (Mid).
MIDLEY, a parish in Roniney JIarsh district, Kent;
2J miles WSW of New Romney, and 5^ SE of Apple-
dore r. station. Post-town, New Roinnc)", under Folke-
stone. Acres, 2,153. Real property, £5,7S5. Pop.,
42. Houses, 6. The living is a rectory in the dioccsa
of Canterbury. Value, £129. Patron, Sir J. T. Tyrrell,
Bart. There is no church.
2i:
MIDLOE.
333
MILBOURXE.
MIDLOE, an extni-parochial ti-nc-t in St. Neots dis-
trict, Huiitini^don; near the river Kyu, Sj- miles N\V of
St. Neots. Acres, S50. Real, property, i8t9. Pop.,
47. Houses, 7. About two-tliirils belong to J. Duberly,
Esq., and the rest to Lord Overatone.
MIDNEY, a hamlet in Somerton parish, Somerset;
near Somerton.
MIDRIDGE. See JIiddridge.
MIDSOMER-NORTON, a village, a parish, and a
sub-district, in Glutton district, Somerset. The village
stands in a valley between two branches of the rivulet
Somer, 2 miles W of Radstock r. station, and 10 SW of
Bath; is a pleasant place, with a handsome market-hall
and a few good shops; carries on a large trade in malt-
ing and brewing, and a considerable trade in coals;
and has a post-office under Bath, a corn and cattle mar-
ket on the first Tuesday of every month, and a cattle fair
on 25 April. The parish contains also the hamlets of
Clapton, Downside, Welton, and Clandown. Acres,
3,922. Real property, £10,671; of which ^£950 are in
mines. Pop., 3,836. Houses, 753. The property is
much subdivided. The manor of Midsomer-ISorton be-
longs to the Duchy of Cornwall, and that of AVelton to
Christ Church, Oxford. Norton-Hill, Norton House,
Lynch House, and Glenview arc chief residences. Coal
is largely- worked. The living is a vicarage in the dio-
cese of Bath and Wells. Value, £275.* Patron, Christ
Church, Oxford. The church was rebuilt in 1830; con-
sists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a tower; has, in a
niche of the tower, a statue of Charles II.; and contains
a fine monument to Major Savage, and several mural
tablets. The p. curacies of Downside and Clandown are
separate benefices. There are Wesleyan chapels in M.-N.
village. Downside, Clapton, and Clandown; a Primitive
Methodist chapel in Clandown; a Roman Catholic col-
lege, with attached chapel, in Downside ; an endowed
school with £50 a-year, and a reading room and library,
in M.-N. village; and national schools in Downside and
Clandown. The M.-N. Wesleyan chapel was built in
1859, at a cost of about £2,800 ; and is a hamlsome edi-
fice, in the decorated Knglish style. The Roman Catho-
lic college wa? established in 1814, and has averagely
about 60 students; the chapel attached to it Ls a fine
structure, in the pointed style; and a large observatory
belonging to it, on a neighbouring hill, was built in 1861.
— The sub -district contains also five other parishes.
Acres, 10,205. Pop., 9,074. Houses, 1,812.
MID-SUSSEX RAILWAY, a railway in Susse.x;
from the London, Brighton, and South Coast at Hors-
ham, south-westward to Pulborough, with a branch
westward to Petworth. It is 17 miles long. It was
authorized in Aug., 1857, and opened in Oct., 1859;
and was sold to the London, Brighton, and Soutli Coast
in Slay, 1860.
MID-SUSSEX AND MIDHURST JUNCTION RAIL-
WAY, a railway in Sussex ; from the end of the Pet-
worth branch of the ilid-Sussex, 5J miles westward to
Midhurst. It was authorized in 1859, on a capital of
£70,000 in shares and £20,000 in loans; and the com-
pany, in Aug., 1862, obtained leave till 1863 to com-
plete it, and power to sell oi'- lease it to the London,
Brighton, and South Coast.
MIDVILLE, a parochial township in Spilsby district,
Lincoln ; near Old Leake r. station, and 7 miles S by
WofSpilsby. Post-town, Boston. Acres, 3,450. Real
property, £4,154. Pop., 152. Houses, 29. The pro-
perty is chiefly divided among five. The surface id part
of the East Eeu, was formerly marsh, and has been
drained. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
Lincoln. Value, £31. Patrons, the Bishop of Lincoln
and Trustees. The church is a plain brick building with
a bell-turret.
MID WALES RAIL-AVAY, a railway in Wales; from
a junction with the Central Wales line at Llanidloes,
south^vard to Newbridge, together v.-ith extensions to the;
IManchestcr and MiUord. The original line was from
Llanidloes to Newbridge; is 52 miles long; and was au-
thorized in Aug., 1859, and opened in Sept., 1864. A
line of seventeen cliains, to connect with the Central
AYalos line, was authorizeil in 1861; another line of 9i
miles, to coramunieate with the Central Wales line, wa-s
authorized in June, 1865; and extensions 26.2 miles, to
the Manchester and Milford, were autliorized in July,
1865. The receipts on capital account, at 30 June,
18G5, amounted to £031,464.
MIDWAY, a place in the W of Wills; 2 miles W of
Trowbridge.
MILBOUNE-CHURCHSTONE, a tything in Jtil-
bome-St. Andrew parish, Dorset; on an afiluent of the
river Puddle, 3i miles NW by W of Bere-Regis. Real
property, £SS0.
MIL BORNE-PORT, a small tomi, a parish, and a
sub-district, in Wincanton district, Somerset. The town
stands at the foot of a hill, on a small affluent of the
river Yeo, | of a mile WNW of the boundary with Dor-
set, 1 SE of the Salisbury and Yeovil railway, and 2:|
NE by E of Sherborne; took its name from its situation
on a mill-stream, and from the Saxon word Port signifying
a borough; was a place of some consequence prior to the
Norman conquest; is a borough by prescription, having
still nine capital bailiffs; sent two members to parlia-
ment in the time of Edward III., and from that of"
Charles I., till the passing of the reform act, but then
■n-as disfranchised; was long a market-to\vu, but has
ceased to bo so ; possesses still the pediment and steps of
an ancient market-cross; has also a curious old town-
hall, half a cottage, with a Norman doorway ; has like-
wise a ball-court, erected by Sir William iledlycott for
the use of its inhabitants; was occupied, for some time,
by a party of Cromwell's soldiers, who provoked the
town's people to rise against them, and drive them from
the towm; consists now chiefly of detached houses ; and
, has a post-oftice under Sherborne, a railway-station, a
good inn, a church, Independent and Wcslej'an chapels,
national and British schools, and charities £39. The
church is Norman; was recently restored; consists of
nave, aisles, transept, and chancel, with a large tower;
and contains monuments of the ilcdlycotts. Pairs are
held on 5 June and 23 Oct. ; a mauulacture of cloth,
dowlas, and stockings was formerly considerable; and
glove-raaking, leather-dressuig, and shoe-making are now
carried on. — The parish contains also t)ie tything of
Kingsbury-Regis and the hamlet of Milbome-Wick.
Acres, 3,277. Real property, £7,368. Pop., 1,814.
Houses, 351. Venn House, a red brick mansion of .some-
what unique appearance, buUt by Inigo Jones, is tho
seat of Sir William iledlycott, Bart. An ancient camp
is at Milborne-Wick. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of Bath and Wells. Value, £233.* Patron, Sir
W. iledlycott, Bart. — The sub-district contains also si.x
other parishes. Acres, 17,606. Pop., 5,395. Houses,
1,159.
MILBORNE-ST. ANDREW, a village and a parish
in Blandford district, Dorset. The villages tands on an
affluent of the river Puddle, near the Via Iceniana, 5'}
miles N by E of Moreton r. station, and 8 SW of Bland-
ford; was once a market-town; and has a post-oflico
under Blandford, a reading-room and temperance hall
built in 1863, and a fair on 30 Nov. . The parish con-
tains also the tything of Milbome-Churchstoue, and
comprises 1,717 acres. Real property, £1,632. Pop.,
327. Ilousts, 73. The manor was given by Athelstaue
to Milton abbey ; and passed to the Mortons, the Pley-
dclls, and othere. There is an oblong, double-entrenched,
ancient camp, of 7 aoies. The living is a vicarage, united
with the vicarage of Dewlish, in the diocese of S;iliabury.
Value, £234.* Patrou, Lieut. -Gen. Sir .L Michel. Tho
church is ancient, has a Norman doorway, was recently
restored, and contains monuments of the Mortor.s, tho
Pleydells, an'l others. There is a parochial school. Car-
dinal Morton, archbishop of Canterbury, was a native.
MILBORXESTILEHAM, a hamlet in Bere-Rr-is
pari.sh, Dorset; adjacent to Milbome-Si. Andrew, 4 niilos
NW of Bcre-Retris. Real property, £1,652. Pop., 290.
MILBORNE-WICK. See MjLnoRXE-l'op.r.
MILBOURX, a tything in -Malnisbury parish, Wills;
1 mile NE of Malmsbiiry. Pop., 117. Houses, 2(1,
MILBOURNE, a tosvnship-chapelry in Kirkby-Thoia
MILBUKN.
3"0
jMir.E END-XENV-TOW\.
parUh, AVestmorolaml; on tho Jraidenway, adjaii'iit to
Cumberlanil, 3 miles N of Kirkby-Thoio r. station, anil
6i NNW of Ajipleby. It contains the lunnlc-ts of Mil-
boume-GranL;'' au'l GuUoni-IIolmc; and its post-town is
Kirkbv-Th'->re, under Penrith. Acres, 5,2S2. Rp;J pro-
prn-.'with Newbiggen, £3,603. Pop. of If. alone, 324.
ilonjos, 5S. A large portion of the surface is moorish
mountain, called ililbourne fells or Jlilbourne forest, ex-
teiiding eastward along the boundary with Cnnibcrland
to tue" vicinity of tho meeting -point with Durham.
Traces of an ancient British camp are at Green Castle ;
and a Eoraau altar was found. Tho living is a ji. cux-iicy
in the diooese of Carli.sle. Value, £95. Patron, Sir
Pw. Tnflon, Bart. The church is of the early part of the
14th century. Charities, £5.
MILBOURNE ORANGE. See preceding article.
MILBROOK. See JFillbiiook.
MILBURN and illLBURN GRANGE, two town-
ships in Pontcland parish, Northumberland; on the river
Poet, 104 miles NW of Nowcastle-upon-T3-ne. Acres,
I.2I9 and 629. Pop., S6.anil 39. Houses, 16 and 7.
liie mauor was given by Simon de Diveliston to Hexham
priory; went, at the dissolution, to the Horsleys; and.
with.' Milburn Hall, belongs now to R. Bates, Esq.
Lirr.-5tone and coal are found.
MILBl'RN GRANGE, a place 3.1 miles SWof Coven-
trv in Warwick.
"MILBY, a township in Aldborough and Kirby-on-the-
Mo^r parishes, N. R. Yorkshire ; near the rivev Ure, 4 a
mile N of Boroughbridge. Pop., 108. Houses, 22.
:MILC0.MBE, a chapelry in Bloxham parish, Oxford;
near ths river Swere, 4 miles WNW of Deddington, and
54 W of A3^lho r. station. Post-town, Bauburj'. Acres,
1,3S0.- Real property, £2,277. Pop., 241. Houses,
56. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of O.xfovd.
Value, £136.* Patron, the Vicar of Bloxham two
turns, and the Rector of Wigginton one turn; sub-
sequently, Eton College three tunis, and tho Rector of
Wigginton one turn. The church is chiefly of the 13th
centcry, has a tower, and was recently restored. There
are a Baptist chapel, and town-lands, £37.
MILCOTE, a lordship in Weston-on-Avuu parish,
"Warwick; on the river Avon, and on the Stratford-ou-
Avon r.ailwav, at the boundary with Gloucester, 21 miles
SW bv S of 'Stratfortl It has a station on tho railway.
Acres 430. Real property, £1,122. Pop., 57. Houses,
9, Traces exist of an ancient. seat of the Grevilles.
MILDEN, a pari.sh in Cosford district, Sutfolk; on
the river Brett, 4 miles SE of Lavenham r. station, and
5i NW of Il.idleigh. Post-town, Monks-Eleigh, under
Ipswich. Acres, 1,-339. Real property, £1,935. Pop.,
159. Houses, 36. The property is divided aniong a
few. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Ely.
Value, £340.* Patron, J. Giudon, E.sq. The church
is Nomian; v.-as recently restored; has a new bell-turret;
ar.d contains an ancient monument to J. AUingtou.
Chiritie.s, £10.
MILDENHALL, asmallto\vn, aparLsh, and a district,
in SuH'olk. Tiie town stands on the river Lark, 3 miles
E of the boundary with Cambridge, 4.^ NW of Icknicld-
street, 0\ N of Kennet r. .station, and 9,^ SW by S of
Brandon; con tiiins somegood shops and inns; enjoys a good
supply of excellent water; is a scat of pettj' sessions and
foniity courts, ami a polling-place ; and ha.s a post-olficej
cnder Soham, a banking-ullice, a police station, a church,
three dissenting chapels, an ultra-mural cemetery, a lite-
rary institute, two national schools, a workhouse, alins-
hoiises with £49 a-year, and charities £106. The chunh is
early English, large and handsome; was repaired in 1S51,
■and its tower restored inlS65; comprises nave, aisles, and
chancel, with tine porch, and with a tower 120 feet higli;
hxj a roof of rii;hly-car\cd woodwork; and contains sedi-
li;i, ail ancient font, and numerous monuments of the
jS'ortVis, the Warners, the llanmers, the Bunburys, and
the Wichfordes. The dissenting chapels are for Baptists,
AVev^leyans, ami Primitive Methodists. Tlie ci-metery is
en the E side of tlio town, and contains a neat small
chapeL Tho workhouse is for M. district; and, at tlie
ceiis-JS of 1S61, lud 57 ini;:ale^. A weekly market is
l\eld on Friday; a fair, for the sale of wood, is held on 11
Oct. ; arid there is a large corn-mill, worked by water
and steam power. Pop. in 1851, 1,760; in 1861, 1,615.
Houses, 326. — The pari.sh contains also the watches or
hamlets of Beck Row, Holywell Row. and West Row.
Acres, 13,710. Real projierty, £21,293; of which £110
are in g.as-works. Pop. in 1351, 4,374; in 1861, 4,046.
Houses, 841. The manor was given in part, by Edward
the Confessor, to the monks of Bury-St. Edmunds, to
aflbrd them whe.aten bread; and, with tlie Manor House,
belongs now to Sir Charles J. F. Bnnbury, Bart. The
Manor House was built, in tho time of Charles 1., by Sir
Henry North, Bart.; is in Tudor architecture; and
stands amid pleasant grounds. Beck Row Lodge is the
residence of jMr. G. Wing; and Aspal Hall, an ancient
building, is the residence of Mr. J. Webb. A large
tract in tho W and the N, bears the name of Mildeuhall
Fen. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Ely.
Value, £600. Patron, Sir C. J. F. Bunbury, Bart.
Chapels for Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists are in
Beck Bow; and chapels fur Baptists and Wesleyans, and
national schools, are in West Row.
The district comprehends the sub-district of Laken-
heath, containing the town of Mildenhall, the watches
of Beck Row and Holywell Row, and the parishes of
Lakerdieath, Eriswell, Wanrford, Elveden, and Ickling-
hara ; and the sub-district of Worlington, containing the
watch of West Row, and the parishes of Worlington,
Barton - Mills, Freckenham, Kentfovd, Ilerringswell,
Tuddenhani, and Cavenhatn. Acres, 61,244. Poorrates
in 1863, £5,995. Pop. in 1851, 10,354; in 1861, 9,595.
Houses, 2,051. Marriages in 1863, 67; births, 312,— of
which 21 were illegitimate; deaths, 235,— of which 79
were at ages under 5 years, and 9 at ages above 85.
Marriages in the ten years 1851-60, 690; births, 3,330;
deaths, 1,992. The jdaces of worship, in 1851, were 14
of the Church of England, with 2,424 sitdngs; 1 of Inde-
pendents, with 250 attendants ; 5 of Baptists, with
1,200 s. ; 7 of Wcsleyau Methodists, with 1,159 s.; 5 of
Primitive Methodists, with 418 s. ; and 1 undefined,
with 60 s. The schools were 14 public day-schools, with
815 scholars; 16 private day-schools, vdih 349 s.; 23
Sunday schools, with 1,810 s.; and 2 evening schools for
adults, with 41 s.
MILDENHALL, a. parish in Marlborough district,
Wilts; on tho river Rennet, 2 miles ENE of Marl-
borough r. station. It contains the tythings of Poulton
and Slitchcomb, and has a post-othce under Marlborough.
Acres, 4,025. Real property, £4,295. Pop., 466.
Houses, 96. The])roperty is divided among a few. The
surface is hilly, and consists partly of chalk downs. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Salisbury. Value,
£756.* Patron, C. Soames, Esq. The church is ancient
but good, and has a tower. There are an endowed school
with £100 a-j-ear, and charities £5.
MILDENHALL-ROAD, a railway station on the E
border of Cambridgeshire, near the meeting-point with
Sutfolk and Norfolk ; on the Ely and Lowestoft railway,
7 miles ENE of Ely, and 7i NW by N of Mildenhall.
MILDRED (St.). See C\NrF.nnuRY and Lo.vdon.
MILE-END, a railway station in the eastern suburbs
of London; on the Great Eastern railway, l\ mile E of
the old terminus at Bishopsgate.
MILE-END, or JIile-End-St. Michael, orMYi.wn,
a parish in Colchester district, Essex; on the river Colue
and on the Great Eastern railway, chiefly N of Colches-
ter r. station, witlun Colchester borough, and 1.^ mile N
of the centre of Colchester town. Post-town, Colchester.
Acres, 2,350. Real property, returned with the borough.
Pop., 880. Houses, 195. Abbots Hall manor belonged
once to the abbots of St. O.syth, and belongs now to
Cnuitess Cowper; and Milc-End-Common w;ui given, by
Henry I., to tl;e freemen of Colchester. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Rochester. Value, £520.*
Patron, Countess Cowper. The church is a recent struc-
ture, in the early English style; and consists of nave, N
aisle, chancel, and porch, with tower and sjiire.
MILE-L;MJ-NK\V-T0\VN, a nuondaEu hamlet, a
chapelry, and a bub-district, in ■\\ hiteehapel district,
MILE-END-OLD-TOWN".
340
MILFORD.
Middlesex. TIio quondam hamlet is now a compact por-
tion of the metiopolis; lies N of Whitechapel-road, on
the Eastern Counties railway, between Bishopsgate and
Mile-End r. stations, contiguous to Whitechapel, Spital-
fields, and Bethnal-Green parishes, I4 mile ENE of St.
Pauls; was once a p.art of the ancient pai-ish of Stepney,
but is now a distinct parish for the relief of the poor ;
and has a post-office J under London NE. Acres, 42.
IJeal property, £16,373. Pop. in 1S51, 10,183; in
1861, 10,845. Houses, 1,178.— The chapelry is conter-
minate with the quondam hamlet; was constituted in
1841; and bears the name of All Saints. The living is a
p. curacy in the diocese of London. Value, £300.* Pa-
tron, the Bishop of London. The church stands in
Spicer-street, and was built in 1839. There are an In-
dependent chapel in Church-street, rebuUt iu-1860; a
Roman Catholic of St. Ann, with monastery and nunnery
attached ; national schools adjoining the church, and
built in 1840; ragged schools, called King Edward's
schools, in Albert-street; a refuge for destitute girls,
called King Edward's refuge, and connected with the
ragged schools; and one of the two workhouses of AVhite-
chapel district, occupied, at the census of 1861, by 638
inmates. The sub-district contains also parts of White-
chapel and Spitalfields parishes; and comprises 64 acres.
Pop. in 1851, 14,543; in 1861, 15,392. Houses, 1,634.
MILE-END-OLD-TOWN, a quondam hamlet, three
chapelries, parts of two other chapelries, and two sub-
districts, in Stepney district, Middlesex. The quondam
hamlet now forms a suburban portion of the metropolis;
lies on the Eastern Counties railway and on the Regents
canal, 2^ mUes ENE of St. Pauls ; was once a part of
the ancient parish of Stepney, but is now a separate
parish for the relief of the poor; contains Mile-End r.
station; and has post-offices J and postal pijlar-boses
under London E and London NE. Acres, 681. Real
property, £242,691; of which£l,300 are on the railway,
and £31,000 in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 56,602; in
1861, 73,064. Houses, 10,758. The ancient hamlet
had a lazar house; adjoined the place of Jack Cade's en-
campment; made a popular demonstration, in 1642,
against the royalists; and was held, in 1645, by the
Parliamentarian general Essex. The present suburb in-
cludes some open or semi - rural ground, and some
thoroughfares not entirely paved or lighted; and pre-
sents, in many parts, a disagreeable or inferior appear-
ance; yet contains several handsome ranges of houses,
many well-buOt streets, and Henry, Sidney, Arbour,.
Trafalgar, and Tredegar squares. It is a polling-place
for Middlese.x; it has extensive breweries, a large dis-
tillery, floor-cloth manufactories, a tobacco pipe manu-
factory, and rope-walks ; it shares in the traffic of the
Regents canal, and has docks, timber wharfs, and corn
wharfs, for conducting it; and it contains public offices,
the court-house of the K. -police, Beaumount's philoso-
phical institution, the Commercial gas-works, the West
Ham waterworks reservoir, one of the three Stepney
workhouses, part of the City of London workhouse, an
industrial school, the German Jews' hospital, the Portu-
guese Jews' hospital, the East London lying-in institu-
tion, Fisher's Trinity alms-houses. Judge Fuller's alms-
houses, the Skinners', the Vintners', the Sailmakers', and
the Drapers' alms-houses, Cooke's seamen's alms-houses,
the Stepney Meeting charity school, another charity
school, the East London cemetery, part of Tower Ham-
let's cemetery, and three Jewish burial-grounds. The
philosophical institurion was built in 1841, by J. Beau-
mount, Esq., at a cost of £6,000; and has an endowed
income of about £600 a-year. The City of London
workhouse stands on a plot of 4i acres; was built in
1849, after designs by K. Tress; is an H-shaped brick
«difice, in the Italian style; and I^vs a chapel, and a
campanile tower 90 feet high. The Drapers' alms-houses
are called also Bancroft's alras-houscs, include a chapel
and a school, and have an endowed income of £4,078.
Judge Fuller's alms-houses have £50 ; the two charity
schools have £188 and £144; and there are otlier chari-
ties £354. — The three chapelries are St. Philip- the- Apos-
tle, St. Peter-Globe-road, and Holy Trinity, constituted
in respectively 1836, 1S39, and 1841; and the two parts
of chapelries arc St. Thomas-Arbour-squarc and St.
Paul -Bow-Common, constituted in 1839 and 1858. Pop.
of St. Philip, 1-4,805; of St. Peter, 12,139; of Holy
Trinity, 10,478; of the part of St. Thomas, 12,783: of
the part of St. Paul, 11. The livings are all ]i. curacies
in the diocese of London. Value of St. Philip, £300; of
St. Peter, £350;* of Holy Trinity and of St. Thomas,
each £300;* of St. Paul, £150.' Patron, of the first
four, the Bishop of London. Ther« are seven di.ssentin"
chapels, and a Jews' synagogue. Two of the dissenting
chapels are Independent ; one of them old and large, the
other built in 1S66. — The two sub-districts are il.-E.-
O.-T.-Western and M.-E.-0.-T.-Ea.stern; they jointly
constitute a parochial poor-law union, under the poor-
law amendment act; and they are divided by an imagi-
nary line drawu from Old Stepney church westward,
along Stepney-Green and Redman's Row, to the Mile-
End turnpike. Acres, of the Western sub-d., 191. Pop
in 1851, 29,582; in 1861, 33,747. Houses, 4,829. Acres,
of the Eastern sub-d., 490. Pop. in 1851, 27,020
in 1861, 39,317. Houses, 5,929. The Mile-End work-
house and the part of the City of London workhouse are
in the latter sub-district; and, at the census of 1861, had
respectively 404 and 369 inmates. Poor-rates of the
union in 1863, £26,353. Marriages in 1863, 802 ; bu-ths,
3,033, — of which 97 were illegitimate; deaths, 1,761, —
of which 820 were at ages under 5 years, and 28 at ages
above 80.
MILE-END-ST. MICHAEL. See Mile-End, Essex.
jMILEHAM, a parish in Mitford district, Norfolk; at
the sources of the river Nar, 2| miles NE by E of Litch-.
am, and 4 NNE of Frausham r. statioifr Post-town,
Litcham, under SwalTham. Acres, 2,851. Real pro-
perty, £4,806. Pop., 510. Houses, 117. The manor of
Mileham was given by William the Conqueror to Alan,
son of Flaald ; and belongs now to the Rev. C. B. Barn-
well. The manor of Burghwood belongs to the Earl of
Leicester. Remains exist of an ancient castle, supposed
to have been erected by Alan, son of Flaald. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of Norwich. Value, £650.*
Patron, the Rev. C. B. Barnwell. The church is an-
cient; consists of nave and chancel, with a tower; and
contains a brass of 1526, and monuments to the Stranges,
the Barnwolls, and the Davys. There are an endowed
school with £12 a-year, and charities £53. Lord Chief
Justice Coke was a native.
JIILEHOUSE, a suburb of Plymouth, in Devon ; 1
mile from the centre of the town. It has a post-office
under Plymouth.
LIILES-PLATTING, a chapelry in Manchester parish,
Lancashire; on the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway, IJ
mile ENE of Victoria station in Manchester. It consists
of a suburb in Manchester city ; has a station with tele-
graph on the railway, and a post-officet under ilanches-
ter; and was constituted in 1856. Pop., 5,153. Houses,
1,035. The lining is a rectory in the diocese of Man-
chester. Value, £239.* Patron, Sir T. P. Heywood,
Bart. The church is in the Italian style, and contains
about 750 sittings. A Wesleyan chapel, in the pointed
style, with 700 sittings, at a cost of £2,611, was built
in the neighbourhood, in Oldham-road, in 1866. A
noted Wesleyan school, known as Ryder's school, waa
for years the only place of religious instruction in the
suburbs.
MILFIELD, a village and a township in Kirknewton
parish, Northuaiberland. The village stands on the river
Till, 44 miles NW of Wooler; is the Maelmain of Bede;
was a seat of the kings of Northumbria ; and has a post-
office under Alnwick. The township comprises 1,471
acres. Pop., 225. Houses, 49. Milfield Hall is a chief
residence. Millield Plain was the scene of a iliscomtituro
of the Scots, by Bulnier, before the battle of Flcdden.
Roman relics have been found. There is a Primitive
Methodist chapel.
MILFORD, a village and a chapelry in Dufficld par-
ish, Derby. The village stands on the river Derwent,
adjacent to the Midland railway, 1 mile N of Dullield r.
station, and IJ S of Belper; is a considerable place; car-
MILFOKD.
341
MILFOnO.
rioi on exteusivu business in a liir^^o cotton f.ictoiy, in
bloaching and dycinj; works, nnd in a foundry for the
manufacture of niacliinor)'; and has a jiost-otlice under
Derby. — The ch.ipclry contains also tlie hainlet of
>Jakcney, and was constituted in 1846. Pop., 1,770.
HoiHes, 3 tO. The liviu;; is a p. curacj- in the diocese
of LiclifuM Value, £loO.* Patron, alternately the
Crown and the Bishop. The church was built in 184S,
at a cost of £2,000, on a site given by the Jle.ssr.s.
Struti: and is a neat edifice of nave and chancel, in the
pointed s:yle. There are chapels for Baptists, Weslcyans,
Primitive Jfethodists, and United Free Methodi.sts.
There are also large schools, connected with the cotton
factory.
MILFORD, a villa^je, a parish, and a sub-district, in
Lymington district. Hant.s. The village stands on the
coast, opposite the Needles, 3^ miles SW by S of Lpning-
ton r. station; and has a post-office under Lymington, and
a co.^st-gu.ird station. The parish comprises the tythings
of Jniford, Lyford, Efford, and Keyhaven. Acres, 5,286;
of which 750 are water. Real property', £7,163. Pop.,
1,7S4. Houses, 380. Milford Lodge is the seat of W.
Rroadwood, Esq. Efl'ord House, Newlands, Kivernells,
aLd Kook Cliff also are chief residences. A rivulet from
the New Forest traverses the parish, and is well stocked
■with fish. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
"Winchester. Value, £279.* Patron, Queen's College,
O.xford. The church has Norman portions; is chieHy
early En:;lish and early decorated; recently underwent
thorough ix'storatiou; hM a tower with giotcsque heads
in the string course, and with long double lancets above,
surmounted b}- a spire; and contains a monument by
llacdowel to Sir James Caruac, and one by Foley to Ad-
Tidral Sir AVilliain Cornwallis. The p. curacy of Pen-
niiigtou io a separate benelice. There are a national
school, and charities £62. — The sub-district contains also
two other parishes and part of 'Wilverley-AValk. Acres,
17,902. Pep., 4,024. Houses, 857.
IIILFORIJ, a town, a chapehy, and a sub-district, in
Haverfordwest district, Pembroke, The town stands on
the N side of Milford-Haveu, between two small creeks,
at the terminus of the Jlilford railway, and in connexion
with the Milford-Haveu railw.ay, 5.^ miles ENE o'' the
entrance of ililford- Haven, and 7 SSW of Haverford-
vest. It originated with Sir "William Hamilton, the
British envoy at the court of Naples, who owned its site,
and obtained an act of parliament to construct quays,
form docks, make streets, and establish a market; and
it was commenced in 1790 b}- the Hon. C. F. Greville,
who inherited Sir William's property. It was designed
en a regular plan, with streets running parallel to the
harbour, and with other streets cro.ssing these at right
angles; it became a royal dock-yard and a packet station
to Ireland, and aj)peared for a time to be rapidly pros-
l>ering; it .sutiL-red a severe cheek in 1814, by tlie removal
of the dock-yard establishment to Paterchurcli, now
c.illed Pembroke dock, on the opposite side of the liaven;
it had been pronounced by Lord Nelson one of the finest
stations possible for a British fleet, with command of
Safe and ca]}acious anchorage for the entire British navy,
but had been found, or was thought to have been found,
jntapab'e of acquiring sutEcient defences again.st hostile
Jittaeks; it stood for many years, after 1814, in a half-
deserted state, dull and desolate, with many liouses .shut
up and many let at little more than a nominal rent; it
cvt-ntually re-acquired repute as an eminently eligible
entrepot, beciiue once more a place for trade, ami was
constituted a hoad-port with jurisdiction over all the
great sweep of coast from the neighbouriiood of Laugh-
ariie in I'arm.irthensliir.- to St. David's Head; and now,
in co;:nexion with new harbour works, and with a great
chain of railw.iy commuiii"ation eastward into all Clentral
and_ Southern England, and northwar<l through all AValcs
to the great s'-ats of nianufiicture in Lauea.shii^ and York-
shire, it jironiises to rise speedily into very high com-
inenial im;)orta!ue. Tiie Milfunl railw.ay to it is a lino
of 31 miles suuth-so\ith-weslward IVom a junction with
the Neyland extension of the South Wales lino at John-
ston; w.LS authorized in 1856, on a capital of £00,000 in
shares, and £20,000 in loans; w.as opened in Sept., lS6'^;
and is worked by the Great Western. Tlie Jlilford-
Haven railway was authorized in 1860, for a railway 1^
mile long, and for docks and other works, on a capital
of £140,000 in shares, and £46,000 iu loans; and was
completed in 1S66.
The town comprises — has comprised since 1811 — three
p.irallel streets, ranged along a hill-side, and com-
manding fine views of the harbour; and it has a head
post-ofhcet of the name of AHIford-Haven, a railway sUi-
tion, a inarket-house, a custom-house, a spacious hotel
called the " Lord Nelson," an observatory, a church. In-
dependent and Baptist chapels, and a quondam chapel
of ease now used as a powder-magazine. The church
stands on a spot designed to be the centre of the town;
was erected and endowed in 1808, by the Hon. C. F.
Greville; is a hantlsomo edifice; and contains a vase of
Egyptian red porphyry, brought to England by Dr. Po-
cocke, and inscribed to the niemorj' of Nelson. The
whale fishery was formerly carried on, but has entirely
ceased. An oyster fishery has always been jirominent ;
sutTered serious injury by the deplenishing of its grounds
to supply foreign beds; and was recently placed under
such protection as is likely to render it one of the most
productive fisheries in the kingdom. The vessels belong-
ing to the port, at the beginning of 1864, were 73 small
sailing-vessels, of aggregately 2,010 tons; 57 large sail-
ing-vessels, of aggregately 7,252 tons; anil 1 steam- ves-
sel, of 28 tons. The vessels which entered, iu 1863,
were 7 British sailing-vessels, of aggregately 2,928 tons,
from Briti-sh colonies ; 4 foreign sailing-vessels, of ag-
gregately 1,796 tons, from British colonies ; 15 British
sailing-vessels, of aggregately 2,164 tons, from foreign
countries; 19 foreign sailing-vessels, of aggregately 3,105
tons, from foreign countries; 640 sailing-vessels, of ag-
gregately 24,021 tons, coastwise; and 522 steam-vessel?,.
of aggregately 167,967 ton.s, coastwise. The vessels
which cleared, in 1803, were 1 British sailing-vessel, of
029 tons, to British colonies; 1 foreign sailing-vessel, of
525 tons, to British colonies; 2 British .sailing-vessels, of
jointly 413 tons, to foreign countries; 4 foreign s.ailing-
vcssels, of aggregately 1,375 tons, to foreign countries;
1,012 sailing-vessels, of aggregately 37,525 tons, coast-
wise; and 371 steam-vessels, of aggregately 104,826 tons,
coastwise. The amount of customs in 1852 was £902.
The town was loade a parliamentary borough by the
reform act; and it unites with Pembroke, Tenby, and
AViston in sending a member to pailiament. Its area,
as a borough, is three-fifths of a square mile; and lies
chietly within Ste\iiton pari.sh, and partly within Hub-
berston. Pop. in"lS51, 2,837 ; in 1861, 3,007. Houses,.
605. Pop. of the Steynton jiortiou, 2,171. Houses,.
443. — The chapehy has no specific limits, and bears the
name of Milford-Haven. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of St. David's. Value, £80. Patron, the Hon.
F. 1!. Greville. The .sub-district contains all Steynton
and Hubberston parishes, thirteen other parishes, anil
an extra-parochial island. Acres, 36,186. Pop., 9,971.
Houses, 1,887. See JNIlLFOKU Have.n.
MILFOKD, atown.ship in Little Ness chajielry. Great
Ness parish, Salop ; 7.i miles N W of Shrewsbury. Pup.,.
34.
MILFORD, a township in Baswick j.arish, Stafford-
shire; on the Worcester canal, 3| miles SE of Stafford.
MILFORD, a village and a chapelry in Witley parish,
Surrey. The village stands adjacent to the Guildford,
Godalming, atnl Portsmouth railway, 1^ mile SSW of
Oodalming; and has a station on the railw^iy, and a ]>ost-
oltic« under Godalming. The chapelry was constituted
in 1844. Poji., 717. Houses, 142. The i)ro|»rty is
divided among a few. Milford House, Jlonsehill Manor
House, and Milford Cottage arc chief residences. The
living is a p. cuiaey iu the diocese of Winchester. Value,
£90.* Patron, the Kov. J. Chandler. The church i.^
good; and there arc an Independent chapel and a national
school.
MILFORD, a hamlet in FritheLtock parisii, Devon;
2 miles W of Great Torrington.
MILFORD, a hamlet in'^llartland parish, Devon; ncur
IIILFORD.
3i2
MILLBEOOK.
the coast, 13 J miles "W of Bideford. A rivulet runs
through it to the beach, and makes a series of falls.
MILFORD, a tythiiig in St. Martin pari.sh, Wilts:
adjacent to the E side of Salisbury. Acres, 1,336. Heal
property, with Laverstock and Ford, £9,798. Pop. of
M. alone, 631. Houses, 141.
MILFORD, a railway station in "W. R. Yorkshire; on
the Leeds and Milford Junction railway, adjacent to
South Milford chapelry, 12 miles W of Leeds.
MILFORD HAVEN, the estuary of the river Cleddau
in Pembroke. It begins in the southern vicinity of Haver-
fordwest; extends in a southerly direction, with incon-
siderable width, to a distance of about 5J miles; makes
then a sudden bend to the west; and extends thence
westward, about 12 miles, to the sea at St. Ann's Head.
Only the lower or westward reach of it is usually called
Milford Haven; and this is from 1 to 2 miles wide; has
five bays or considerable inlets, ten creeks or lesser in-
lets, and no fewer than thirteen roadsteads, afibrding
anchorage to the largest ships. It forms the finest har-
bour in the kingdom, large, safe, and deep enough to
hold the entire British navy; it is well sheltered from
storms by undulating liills around it; it admits such easy
entrance that a vessel may safely run into it without
anchor or cable; it has, in most parts, a depth of from
15 to 19 fathoms, — and, in less favourable parts, a depth
of from 6 to 12 fathoms; and it washes, or leads up to
the quays of Milford, New Milford, Pembroke, and
Haverfordwest. The fleet of Henry II. started from it
to conquer Ireland; the French invading army of 12,000
men, in the time of Henry I\'., landed at it to support
Owen Glondower; and the Earl of Richmond, afterwards
Henry VII., disembarked at it on his return from Brit-
tany, was received at it by Rhys ab Thomas with a select
body of Welsh troops, and marched hence to Bosworth
field. Shakespeare also, in " Cymbeline," brings Imogene
hither to meet her husband. The surrounding sea-board
is scant of trees, and not abundant in verdure; and it pre-
sents an aspect more desolate than picturesque. The N
side, reckoned from the entrance upward, has St. Ann's
light, Dale bay, Stack rock, Sandy road, Man of War or
Milford road, and Neyland or New Milford road; and
the S side has Thorn, Kat, and Shee{i islands, Angle ba}',
and Penuarmouth creek, the last leading to Pembroke.
Fortifications have recently been constructed by the
government at various points, — Popton, South Hook,
Blockhouse, Dale Point, Stack Rock, and Thorn islanih)
See Milford, Pembroke. ^
MILFORD-JUNCTION, a railway station with tele-
gi-aph in W. R. Yorkshire; at the intersection of tlie
railway from Leeds to Hull with that from Wakefield to
York, 144 miles W of Leeds. It has a head post-office.
MILFORD (New), or Netl.4ND, a seaport-village in
Llanstadwell parish, Pembrokeshire; on a creek of Jlil-
ford Haven, at the tenninus of the Neylaud extension of
the South Wales railway, opposite I'aterchurch and
Hobbs Point, 3 J miles NW of Pembroke. It is mainly
of recent growth; it took the name of New Jlilford, in
lieu of the old name of Neyland, in rivalry of Milford,
situated 44 milc.i to tlie WNW; and it has a post-oliice^
of the name of Neyland, under Pembroke, a railway
station with telegraph, of the name of' New Milford, a
railway pier, bringing down the railway to the water's
edge, and a good hotel. The steamers to Vi'aterford
started formerly from Hobbs Point, and start now from
New Milford railway pier. The a2)pearance of the vil-
lage is very fine.
MILFORD (NouTii), a hamlet in Kirkby-Wharfc
parish, W. R. Yorkshire; li mile SE of Tadcaster.
MILFORD (SouTil), a village and a township in
Sherburn parish, and a chapelry partly also in Mouk-
Frystone j)arish, W. R. Yorkshire. The village stands
within 1.^ mile of Milford and Milford-.Iunf tion r. sta-
tions, and 74 S of Tadcaster. The township comprises
2,240 acres. Real property, £3,800. Pop., 823. Houses,
183. The manor belongs to Lord Ashtown. Milford
House is the seat of B. Crossland, Esq.— Tiie chapelry
was constituted in 1859. Post-town, South Jlilford.
Pop., 1,037. Houses, 234. Pop. of the Monk-Frystone
portion, 33. Houses, 9. The living is a, rectory in ths
diocese of York. Value, i'170.* j'atron, the Arch-
bishop of York. The church was built in 1840, and is
in the earl)' English style. There are a mission chapel,
a Wesley an chapel, and a national school.
MILITARY CANAL (Royal), a canal in the S of
Kent and Sussex ; commencing on the coast, at Sand-
gate, in the vicinity of Folkestone ; going westward, past
Hythe, Hurst, and Rnckinge, to an intersection with tho
Canterburj- aud Hastings railway ; and pirocceding south-
westward and south-south-westward, past Appledore and
Rye, to Clitfe-Eud. It was cut, in connexion with the
martello towei-s along the coast, during the great war
with France; is 23 miles long, 90 feet wide, and IS feet
deep; and is defended by a piarapet.
MILKHOUSE-STREET, a hamlet in Cranbrook par-
ish, Kent ; 2 miles NE of Cranbrook. It contains the
church of Sissiughurst chapelry, aWesleyan chapel, and
ruins of an ancient Church of England chapel.
MILLAND, a chapelry in Trotton parish, Sus.sex; 4
miles NW of Midhurstr. station. Post-town, Midhurst.
Pop., 200. Milland House is a chief resilience. Tho
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Chichester. Value,
£108.* Patron, the Rev. J. M. Heath.
MILLAND, a viUe or extra-parochial place within
Winchester city, Hants. Real property, £1,362; of
which £193 are in a canal. Pop., 211. Houses, 49.
MlLLAi;S-DALE. See Miller's-Dale.
MILLATON, a seat in the W of Devon; in the western
vicinity of Bridestow, 7 miles SW of Okehanipton. It
belongs to J. G. Newton, Esq. ; and contains a fine col-
lection of stuffed birds, including rare specimens obtained
on Dartmoor.
MILLBANK, a hamlet in Thornhill township and
jiarish, W. R. Yorkshire; 2 miles SW of Dewsbury.
MILLBANK, Middlesex. See Joiix-Tiin-EvANCE-
LisT (St.).
MILLI5ECK, a fann-house in Great Langd.ale, West-
moreland; near the junction of Millgill and Mickleden.
It oilers refreshment to tourists visiting the circumjacent
sublime scenery.
MILL BECK, a rivulet in Basseuthwaile parish,
Cumberland; under Skiddaw, and commanding a good
view of Derwent-water.
MILLBRIDGE, a hamlet in Liversedge chapelry,
Birstall parish, A\'. R. Yorkshire; 6.i miles NNW of
Huddcrsfield. It has a post-office under Leeds ; and
carries on industry in iron-founding, in card-making,
and in Turkey carpet and lug and woollen mills.
illLLBROOK, a\-illage aud a parish in AmpthUl dis-
trict, Beds. The village stands on an eminence, IJ mile
W of Ampthill, and It SSE of AmpthiU r. station; com-
mands a fine view of the vale of Bedford; and has a postal
letter-bo.x under Ampthill. The parish comprises 1,450
acres. Real property, £2,446. Pop., 430. Houses,
84. The property belongs to the Duke of Bedford.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Ely. Value,
£295.* Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church is
later English, with a tower; was restored in 1857; and
contains two busts and a handsome monument to the
family of Lord Holland. There are a national school,, and
charities £6. A Benedictine priory, a cell to St.
Albans, was here, but was removed in 1119 to Beaulieu.
JULLBROOK, a fi.shing-village and a chapelry in
Maker llari^h, Cornwall. The village .stands on an inlet
of the Taniar, 2 miles, across the Hamoaze, S of Devon-
j'ort r. station; has a post-ofhce under Devonport, and
fairs on 1 May and 29 Sept.; was once a market-town
and a borough; and has a ])op. of about 1,500. The
rliapelry h.as no definite limits; and its statistics are re-
turned with the parisli. The living is a p. curacy in the
d ioce.se of Exeter. Value, £100.* Patron, the" Ea'rl of
Mount-Edgecumbo. A battery, for the defence of Ply-
mouth sound, has been erected on heights near the
village.
MILLBROOK, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in South Stfjueliaui district, Hants. The village stands
at the mouth of the river Test or Anton, on the quon
dam Andovcr canal, aud on the Andover, Romsey. lied-
jriLLDROOK.
343
JHLI.SIIIELDS.
bn.l:;e, auj Soutli.-tniiitoii railway, 2 miles WNW of
Soiitcaniptou; was known, at Doiiiesdiij-, as Jrdebroo;
had f.irmerly, by means of tla- Andover canal, a consider-
able trade in coi n, malt, coal, and timber; and lias a sta-
tion on the railway, and a post-oflioc under Southampton.
The iia:i--h coutain.> also the liamkts of Hill and Sidford,
and the cliajieliy of Shirley. Acres, 3,646; of which 630
nre water. Iveal property, fl7,319; of which £\2'> arc
ou niihvays. Pop. in 1S51, 6,121; in ISGl, 10,107.
Ifouses, 2,015. The incre:ise of pop. arose mainly from
the )>urchase of an estate by Building societies. A ship-
building yard, iron-works, and an edge-tool manufactory
are at Shirley; and brass and iron foundries, and works
for the manufacture of marine and locomotive engines,
are at ilill Pla.;e. Traces of an ancient five-archcd-
bridge, and of a causeway, on the river Test, are at Eed-
bridge. The living is a rectory in tlie diocese of Win-
chester. Value, i;4S7.* Patron, the Bishop of Win-
chester. The church, with the e.vception of the tower,
■was rebuilt in lS-27. The churchyard contains a small
granite obelisk to the memory of PoUok, author of the
" Course of Time," who was buried here in 1829. The
rcctorj" of Freerfantle is a separate benefice. Euins of
a chapel are at Shirley. A national school, a neat build-
ing in the Tudor .style, stands behind the parisli church.
Charities, £16. — The sub-district contains also two other
parishes. Acres, 10,056. Pop., Il,2i6. Houses, 2,215.
JIILLBKOOK, a place 2 miles from St. Helier, in
Jersey; with a post-ottice under St. Helier.
MILL DALE, a gorge or narrow pass on the XE bor-
«lcr of Stafford; between Allstonefield and the river Dove,
7 milvs N bv W of Ashborne. It is flanked by limestone
cliffs, about"l50 feet high.
JIILL-F.XD, a hamlet on the SW border of Herts: 1
mile WSW of P.ickmansworth. It lias a post-ofTice
under Watford.
illLL-END, a hamlet in Sandon parish, Herts; 5
miles SW of Eovston.
JIILLENIIEATH, a township in Prees parish, Salop;
on the river Tern, 4j miles SE of Whitchurch.
MILLEU-BPOW, an eminence in the A\^ of West-
ir.oreland; on tut E side of AVindermcre lake, near El-
Lray. It commands a very fine view of the lake, with
the backgrounds of the Langdale Pikes and other sntnmits.
J1ILI..E1!'S IjEIDGE, a' railway statiou in Lancashire.
See BooTi-n-cT.M-Li.VArr.E.
JIILLEL'S DALE, an upland vale in the XW of
Derby; 4] mil 's XW liy W of Bakewell. It is traversed
by the river Wye, and "by the Derby and Bu.xton rail-
way; it has a .'-tation on the railway, and a post-ollice
•under Bakeucll: and it maybe dcscribeil, in regard to
.scenery, as a rich .spot in the midst of desolation.
MILLFIELD, a railway station in Durham; ou the
Sundcrlaml, Lramside, and Bishop-Auckland railway, 1
mile W of S'.iiiderland.
J1ILLF1EL1>, a place near the meeting-point of North-
.-inpton, Cambiilgi-, and iluntingilon; 1 mile from Pe-
it-rborouLrh. I: his a ]iost-officc under IVterboiougli.
2'ULLITELD, Northumberland. See MiLFiLr.n.
MILLOILL. .Sec L.VNGD.VLK (Gr.KAr).
_ MILL-CU;EI;N, a place 2 miles from Ingatcstone, in
Es.st\: v.-ith a pct-ullice under Iiigatestoiie.
illLL-HAY, a place in the N of Stafford; 4! miles
NX Lot lUusl'm.
JUI.L-HH.L, a village and a chapelry in ITendon
];jri-.:.. Mi Idlo.x. The village stands near the bound-
ary y.ith Ik-rts, 11 mile ENE of Edgwarer. station, and
2i X of Iliiidoii; and has a pcst-otlicc under Ilcndon,
London, X\V. The chapelrv was constituted in 1836.
I'op,, 1,1.SS. Houses, 1"J2. " Part of the surface is high.
Olid comm.mds lino vicw.s. The old seat of the Xicolls
ot'Coj.thall is hrc. The house of CoUinson, the bota-
Tiist, at which L.'nna-Ms planted sdiiic trees, also is here.
Tiic living is a ]>. curacy in the diorese of London.
Valu-, £150. l>,i'rou, theilev. T. Williams. The church
was built about ISV.', by W. Wilberlbrce, Esq.; is in the
<.irly English style; and contains 400 sitting?. There
.•i!C a liitinnal vchunl and the Di:,sciiters' grammar-school;
a..d the latter was originally established in IS'iC at the
house of Collinson the botanist, but is now a building of
lSi'5, vnWi capacity for about 70 boys between 10 and 17
years of age.
illLL-llOL^SF;, a village in Darfield township and
parish, W. P. Yorkshire; near the river Dcarne, 54
miles SE of Barnsley. Po])., 106.
WILLIIOUSES, a hamlet in Thurlstone to^vnship,
IVnistone parish, W. P. Yorkshire; 4 a mUe W of
Thurlstone village.
MILLICIIOl'E, a township in Jfunslow parish, Salop;
64 miles SE of Church-Strettoii. Po|>., 57-
MILLICHOPE (Uppeu), a township in Eaton parish,
Salop; under AYenlock Edge, 4.J miles SE of Church-
btretton. Pop., 94.
MILLINGTOX, a township in Postherne parish,
Cheshire; 4 miles SW of Altrincham. Acres, 736. Real
property, £1,728. Pop., 338. Houses, 57. There are
chapels for Independents, Baptists, aud Wesleyaus, and
two good boarding-schools.
IIILLIXGTOX, a village and a parish in Pocklington
district, E. R. Yorksldre. The village stands on the
Wolds, near Ermine-street, 24 miles XXE of Pockling-
ton r. station. The parisli contains also the hamlet of
Little Givendale; and its post-town is Pocklington, under
York. Acres, 2,750. Real property, £2,314. Pop.,
275. Houses, 62. The property is divided among a
few. A place about ^ a mile XE of th.e village contests,
with Londesbrough and other places, the claim of having
been the Dclgovitia of the Romans; aud it has yielded
coius, tiles, tes^elated pavements, foundations of a circu-
lar temple, aud other relics of Roman date. Vast earth-
works, from CO to 90 feet high, enclosing an area of
4,185 acres, are in the neighbourhood. The living is a
vicarage, united with tho vicarage of Great Givendale,
in the diocese of Y'ork. Value, £300.* Patron, the
Archbishop of York. The church is ancient but good,
and has a small tower. There arc a slightly endowed
school, and charities £25.
JIILLMF;ECE, a township in Eccleshall parish, Staf-
ford ; near Eccleshall. Acres, 710. Real property,
£1,201. PoiL, 114. Houses, 23.
MILLO, a hamlet in Duuton parish, Beds; 3] miles
ESE of Biggleswade. Pop., 63.
JIILLO.M, a village and a jiarisli in Bootle. district,
Cumberland. The village stands on the W side of the
Duddon estmny, near the Whitehaven and Furness rail-
way, 2J miles from the sea, and 6 SSW of Broughton-in-
Furness; is a sub-port to Whitehaven; was foi-merly a
market-town; and has a station on the railway. The
pnrish contains the townships of Jlillom-Above, Millom-
Below, Cliaiiel-Sucken, and Birkcr and Austhwaite, and
the chapclrics of Tlnvaites and Ulpha. Post-town, Hol-
born-IIill, under Plvcistoue. Acres, 36,418; of which
5,692 are water, l.'eal property of Millom-Above, £2,573;
of Millom-rSclow, £2,875; of the entire parish, £12,626.
Pop. of Millom-Above, 508; of Millom-Below, 392; of
the entire jiarish, 2,015. Houses of ilillom-Above, 104;
of MilloniBelow, 79; of the entire parish, 390. The pro-
perty is much subdivided. The manor belonged fonnerly
to tho Boy vills and the Huddlestoncs, and belongs now to
the Earl of Lonsdale. Millom Castle was built in 1335, by
Sir John lluddlestone; became a farm-house; and is now
represented only by a tower. Part of the land is hillj',
and much is picturesque. Slate, limestone, iron ore, and •
cojiper ore exist, but have not been much worked. There
are several .saline sjn-ings. Some fishing is carried on.
The living is a vii'aragc in the diocese of Carli.sle. Value,
£200.* I'atron, the'ltiichy of Lancaster. The church
is ancient, in tolerable condition, with a bell-gable ; has
been nmch distigiired bj- modern alterations; and con-
tains a beautiful ancic<nt alabaster tomb, and t.cveial
bra-sses and monuments to the lluddlestoiies and others.
The churchyard contains a well-preserved ancient cros.s.
The p. curacies of Thv.-aites and Ulpha are .separate bene-
fii'i s. 'J'herc are a ]'arochial school, and charities £J1.
-AIILLSIIAW, a hamlet in Beeston township, Leeds
parish, W. li. YuiUshire; 2 miles SSW of Leeds. It is
a sc:it iif MO(..||.'ii-cl(ith maiiufiictnre.
iMILLSIlli:LL)S, a village in Espcrshields towiiship,
MILLSTOXE-GREEiV.
314
MILTON.
B)rvvell-St. Peter parish, Northumberland; 7i miles SE
of Hexham.
MILLSTONE-CREEN, a hamlet in P.uttertou town-
ship, Trenthani parish, StalTorJ; near the Northwestern
railway, 2 miles S of Newcastle-uiuler-Lyne.
MILL-STREET, a place in the N of Glamorgan; on
the Taff valley railway, 1 mile N\V of AberJare.
MILL-STREET, a place in the SE of Surrey; 3^ miles
E of Keigate.
MILLTHORPE, a hamlet in Aslackby parish, Lin-
coln; 2 miles E of Aslackby village. Pop., 87. Houses, 16.
MILLTIR-GERRIC, a mountain-pass on the mutual
border of Montgomery and Merioneth; through the Ber-
■wyn mountains, 10 miles NW by N of Llanfyllin. It
is traversed by Watling-street; and its name signifies
" the rocky mUe."
MILLTOWN, a hamlet in Marwood parish, Devon;
3 miles NN\V" of Barnstaple.
MILLTOWN, a place 3i miles ENE of Matlock, in
Derby.
MILNESS, a hamlet in Preston -Patrick township,
Burton-in-Kendal parish, Westmoreland; near Miln-
thorpe.
MILNETHORPE, a hamlet in Norton-Cuckney par-
ish, Notts ; 4^ miles S of Worksop.
MILNHOUSES, a hamlet in Ecclesall-Bierlow town-
ship, Sheffield parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 4^ miles SW of
Sheffield.
MILNROW, a village and a chapelry in Biitterworth
township, Rochdale parish, Lancashire. The village
stands on the river Beil, near the Rochdale canal, and near
the Oldliam and Rochdale branch of the Lancashire and
. Yorkshire railway, 2 miles ESE of Roch<lale; is a seat of
extensive manufacture, doing large business in the wool-
len trade; and has a station with telegraph on the rail-
wa)', and a post-officet under Rochdale. John Collier,
better known as " Tim Bobbin," author of poems in the
Lancashire dialect, was for 57 yeai-s a schoolmaster in
the village; and the Rev. Canon Raines, distinguished
for antiquarian knowledge and research, has thrown lus-
tre upon it. The acreage of the chapelry is returned
with the parish. Rated property, £22,245. Pop.,
6,200. The property is much subdivided. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of Manchester. Value, £300.*
Patron, the Vicar of Rochdale. The church was built
in 179S, and was about to be rebuilt in 1867. There are
several dissenting chapels, a national school, and a Bri-
tish school.
MILNSBRIDGE, a chapelry partly in Longwood
township, chietly in Linthwaite township, Almoudburj-
parish, W. R. York.shire; on the Huddersfield, Sheffield
and Holmfirth railway, in the southern vicinity of Hud-
dersfield. It was constituted in 1846 ; and its post-town
is Huddersfield. The acreage is returned with the par-
ish. Rated property, £7,667. Pop., 2,903. Houses,
631. The property is divided among a few. The living
is a p. curacy in the diocese of Ripon. Value, £150.*
Patron, the Vicar of Almondbury. The church has a
bell turret. There are a Baptist chapel, a mechanics'
institution, and a national school.
MILNTHORPE, a village, a chapelry, and a sub-dis-
trict, in Kendal district, Westmoreland. The ^-illage
stands on the river Kent, at the influx of the river Bee-
tha, near tlie Lancaster and Carlisle railway, 2i miles N
,of the boundary with Lancashire, and 8 S of Kendal;
consists chiefly of one long well-built street, with some
handsome houses in the environs ; has undergone exten-
sive modern improvement; is a small seaport, the only
one in the county, carrying on commerce chiefly in a
coasting trade; is also a seat of petty sessions; and has
a head post-office,t a railway station with telegraph, a
good inn, a churi h, an Jnde))endent chapel, and a na-
tional school. The church was built in 1837; and is a
handsome edifice, in the lancet style. One of two work-
luuises of the Kendal district stands a short distance to
the NE; and was built in 1813, at a co^t of £5,000.
Dallam Tower, tlio seat of the Wilson family, stands ad-
jacent on tlie left bank of the Boetha. A weekly market
is held on Friday; fairs, for cattle, sheep, and hoKes, arc |
hehl on 12 May and 17 Oct. ; the manufacture of twine,
sheeting, sacking, siailcloth, and co.irse woollens, and the
wojking of paper mills and flax mills are carried on; and
there are, in the neighbourhood, extensive quarries of
limestone and marble. — The chapelry includes the vil-
lage, is in Hever-sham parish, and was constituted in
1838. Rated property, £.3,979. Pop., 1,073. Houses,
213. The property is subdivided. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of Carlisle. Value, £120. Patron,
the Vicar of Heversham. The sub-district contains
six townships of Heversham, four of Beetham, and two
of Kendal. Pop, 5,994. Houses, 1,139.
MILSHALL PARK. See Melcuet Pakk.
MILSOX, a parish in Cleobury-Mortinuu- district,
Salop; on a small afiluent of the river Kea, at the
boundary with Worcester, 1^ mile W by N of Neen-
Sollars r. station, and 3| SW of Cleobui-y-Moitimer.
Post-town, Cleobury-ilortimer, under Bewdloy. Acres,
1,025. Real property, £1,069. Pop., 157. Houses,
28. The property is much subdivided. The manor be-
longs to Lord Northwick. The living is a p. curacy, an-
nexed to the rectory of Neen-Solhirs, in the diocese of
Hereford. The chuich is ancient but good, and has a
tower.
MILSTEAD, a village and a parish in Milton district,
Kent. The village stands 3^ miles S of Sittingbourue
r. station, and has a post-office under Sittingbourue.
The parish comprises 1,216 acres. Real property, £1,626.
Pop., 245. Houses, 43. The propertj'- is subdivided. The
manor, with the Manor House, belongs to Rev. William
Tyldeu. Tlie living is a rectoiy in the diocese of Cau-
t.'rbury. Value, £250.* Patron, the Rev. H. Hilton.
The church is mainly early English, includes transition
Norman portions, and is in good condition. Charities,
£25.
MILSTON, a village and a parish in Ameslmry dis-
trict, AVilts. The village stands on the river Avon, 3
miles N by E of Amesbury, and 64 N by ^\' of Porton r.
station; and consists of a small group of very prettj-
cottages, the parish church, and a gabled old ]iarsonage,
the birth-place of Joseph Addison, and now a farm-house.
The parish contains also the hamlet of Biigwerston; and
its post-town is Amesbury, under Salisl)ury. Acres,
2,243. Real property, with Bulford and Durrington,
£7,235. Ptated property of M. alone, £1,246. Pop.,
130. Houses, 26. The property is all in one estate.
The living is a rectorj', united with the p. curacy of
Brigmerston, in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £344.*
Patron, C. RendaU, Esq. The church is ancient and
tolerable. Launcelot Addison, the father of Joseph
Addison, was rector.
MILTHORPE, a hamlet in V/eedon-Loys parish,
Northampton ; 6^ miles W by S of Towcester. A Church
of England scliool was built here in 1848.
MILTHORPE, a hamlet in Sandal-I^Iagna township
and parish, \V. R. Yorkshire; 2 miles S of Wakefield.
MILTON, a Saxon topographical name, corrupted in
most cases from "Mill town," in others from " iliddlo
town."
MILTON, a village and a parish in Abingdon district,
Berks. The village stands near a small atUuent of thn
river Tliames, 1 mile NE of Steventon r. station, and ^J
S by W of Abingdon; aTid has a post-office under Steven-
ton. The parish comprises 1,431 acres. Real property,
£3,246. Pop., 429. Houses, 93. The property is
divided among a few. The manor, with Milton Hou.se,
belongs to J. B. Barrett, Es(i. Milton House is a Tudor
eilifice, built by Inigo Jones; and h.as attached to it a
Roman Catholic chapel, with ancient stained-glass win-
dows. Milton Hill is the scat of J. S. Bowles, Esc^.
The parish is a meet for the old Berkshire hounds. Tlie
living is a rectory in the diocese of Oxford. Value,
£560.* Patron, Christ Church, Oxford. Tlie church
has lately been thoroughly restored, and lias a good de-
corated porch and a tower. There are an endowed school
with £67 a-ycar, and charities £34.
MILTON, a village and a parish in Chesterton dist'ict,
Cambridge. Tiie vill.ige stands near the river Cam and
the Cambridge and Ely railway, 1.^ mile N by E of Cam-
MILTON.
345
MIM'ON-ABBAS.
briJ:;o-Junctioii r. station, and 3^ NNE of Onmliridse;
and u.is a post-ofRce undor Cambridge. The parisli com-
prises 1,373 acres. Keal property, £4,367. Pop., 491.
Houses, 113. Tlie property is divided atuoiis a few. The
liring is a rectory iu tne diocese of Ely. Value, A'.'ioO.*
Patrou, Kiujc's Collcp:e, Cambridge. The church is de-
corated English, iu good comlition; consists of nave,
aisles, and chancel, vith porch and tower; and contains
a br.iis of Justice Coke, of the year 1553, aud several
monuments to the Knight family, one of them by Flax-
man another by Chantrey. There are a national school
and charities £64. Cole the antiquary, who left 100
vohimea of manuscripts to the British museum, was a
resident.
MILTON, a hamlet in Weaverhara parish, Cheshire;
on the river Weaver, 2\ miles W of Northwich.
MILTOX, a hamlet iu Kepton parish, Derbyshire; 6.^
miles SS"\V of Derby.
MILTON, a hamlet in the NAV of Derbyshire ; 1 mile
X of Chapel-en-lc-Frith.
FULTON, a place in the N of Dorset; on the river
Stour. 5i liiiles NW of .Shaftesbury.
iflL'I'ON, a hamlet in Prittlewell parish, Essex; close
to Sonthend. Keal property, £7,650; of which £570 are
in fisheries. It was anciently a separate parish ; but
ceased to be so in consequence of part of it being swal-
lowed up by the sea. Its church continued to be visible
at low-water mark in the last century.
JIILTOX, a district and a hundred in the N of Kent.
The district contains the parishes of Milton-next-Sitting-
boume, Bapchild, Rodraersham, Kingsdown, Milstcad,
Breugar, Tunstall, Borden, Sittingbourne, Tong, Mui-s-
ton. Bobbing, Xewington, Hartlip, Eainham, Upchurch,
Lower Halstoiv, and 1 wade. Acres, 35,409. Poor-rates
in 1S0.3, £5,SaO. Pop. in 1S51, 12,026; in 1861,
14,775. Houses, 2,844. Marriages in 1863, 115; births,
653, — of which 17 wore illegitimate; deaths, 410, — of
■which 225 were at ages under 5 years, and 10 at ages
above 85. Marriages in the ten years 1S51-60, 965;
tinhs, 4,933; deaths, 2,773. The places of worsliip, in
1851, were IS of the Church of England, with 5,849
sittings; 3 of Independents, with 940 s. ; 1 of Quakers,
•with 30 s.; S of Wcsleyans, with 1,014 s. ; and 3 of
Bible Christians, with 370 s. The schools were 14 pub-
lie day-schools, with 1,201 scholars; 31 private day-
schools, with 553 s.; and 23 Sunday schools, with 1,435
s. The workhousj is in Milton-ne.xt-Sittingbourne; ami,
at the census of ISOl, had 93 inmates. — The hundred is
in the lathe of Scray, and is nearly conterniinate with
the di.-trict.
MILTOX, a parish in Lymington district, Hants; ou
Chriit'.hurch bay, 7 miles VV by S of Lymington r. sta-
ti jn. It comprises the tythings of Ashley and Chewton,
and li.vi a p)bt-otfic« under Lymington. Acres, 6,416;
of whuch 100 arc water. Real property, £6,277. Pop.,
l,2l.'5. Houses, 275. The property is subdivided. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of AVinchester.
Valu-, £120.* Patron, the Vicar of Milford. The
cliureh, with the exception of the tower, was rebuilt in
1 vn. There are chapels for Independents, Baptists, aud
AVesleyans, a national sjhool, and charities £4.
.MILTOX, u hamlet aud a chapelry in Portsea pariah,
Thf hamlut lies on Ivaugston harbour, 2 miles
U-Mit
li of P'.rtsmouth r. station; and has a post-olhce under
Portsmouth. The chapelry was constituted iu 1844.
Pop., 3,S90. Houses, .-jfrj. The living is a p. curacv
in the dioci-se of Wincliestcr. Value, £100.* Patron",
the Vicar of Port.sea.
MILTOX, a village, a parish, and a sub-district, in
Hardingstoue district, Xnrthamptonshire. The village
stands near the Xorthamiitnn canal, 1 mile KK of Blis-
wor:h-.Junction r. station, and 3^ S.SW of Northampton;
is smietimes called Middleton-Malzor; :uid has a po-^t-
olfice, of the name of Milton, under Northampton. The
parish coinpri-cs 1,190 acres. P.cal prop.-rty, £3,703.
Pop., 663. Ilons.s, 144. The manor belongs to J.
Blake, Esq. The living is a rectory in the dTocese of
Peterborough. \'ahie, t;340. * Patron, the llov. T. A.
Kershaw Tiic cl.uich is good, and has a spiie. Tliere
arc a Baptist ch.apel and charities £52. ^^The sub-
district contains also five other parishes. Acre.<, 7,930.
Pop., 2,857. Houses, 621.
MILTOX, a hamlet in West Markham parish, Notts;
on the river ^laun, 2 miles NW of Tuxford.
MILTON, a hamlet-chapelry in Adderbury parish.
Oxford; on an aflliicnt of tlie river Clierwell, Ctf, miles
NNW of D«ddiiigton, and 3 WNW of Ayuho r. s'tation.
Post-tuwn, Adderbury, under O.^iford. Acres, 1,160.
Real property, £1,735. Pop., 172. Houses, 43. The
living is a p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Adder-
bury, in the diocese of O.xford. The church was built
in 1856.
MILTON, a village and a township in Shipton-under-
AVychwood parish, Oxford. The village stands 1\ mile
AVSW of Shipton r. station, 3 E of the boundary with
Gloucester, and 4 N by E of Burford; is a considerable
place; and has a post-office, of the name of Milfon-under-
Wychwood, undor Clapping-Noiton. The township com-
prises 2,130 acres. Real property, £3,266. Pop, in
1851, 799; in 1861, 895. Houses, 200, The manor be-
longs to the Earl of Ducie, A church and a national
school-house were built in 1854; aud there are three dis-
senting chapels,
MILTON, a tything in AVells parish, Somerset; 1
mile N of AVells, Pop,, 41. Milton Lodge is the seat
of the Hon. AV. L. H. A. Court.
MILTON, a hamlet in JIartock parish, Somerset; 3i
miles WSW of Ilchester. Pop,, 124.
iillLTON, a hamlet in AVcston-super-Mare parish,
Somerset; 7| miles NAV of A.xbridge.
MILTON, a village and a chapelry in Norton-in-the
Moors parish Stafford. The village stamls on the
Caldon canal, near the Burslem or Longport station of
the Potteries, Biddulph, and Congleton railway, 2 miles
E of Burslem; aud has a post-otHce under Stoke-upon-
Trent. The chapelry was constituted in 1865. Pop.,
about 1,200. The inhabitants are employed chiefly in
the potteries. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
Lichfield. Value, not reported. Patron, the Right
Hon. C. B. Adderley. A AVesleyan chapel, in memorial
of the late Rev. S. Lee, a native of the village, and the
first missionary to New Zealand, was built in 1305; is in
a foreign pointed style; and contains 300 sittiui^s.
MILTON, a hamlet in the AV of Stafford; on an '
affluent of the river Trent, 24 miles AVXW of Penkridge.
MILTON, a hamlet in Preston-Richard township,
Heversham parish, AVestmorelaud; 3^ miles NE of
Milnthorpe.
MILTON, a tything in Hist Knoyle parish, AVilts; 2
miles SW of Hindon. I'op., 358.
JIILTON, a hamlet in Buckland-Monachorum parish,
Devon; 4 miles S by E of Tavistock.
MILTON, a railway station in Cumberland; on the
Newcastle and Carlisle railway, 10 miles E by N of
Carlisle. It has a post-office under Carlisle, and a tele-
gra]ih office; and it serves for Brampton.
JIILTON, a place 3 miles from Pembroke, in Pem-
brokeshire ; with a ])ost-office under Pembroke.
MILTON, or MtLTON-CiiAi-EL, a parish in Bridge
district, Kent; ou the river Stour, adjacent to the Rauis-
gate and Hastings railway, 1 mile 'SE of Charthain r.
station, and 2J S\V of Canterbury. Post-town, Canter-
bury. Acres, 399. Pop., 11. House, 1. All tiie pro-
perty, except 0 acres, belongs to M. Bell, Esq. The liv-
ing is a rectory iu the diocese of Canterbury. A'alue,
£70.* Patron, M, Bell, Esq.
MILTON-ABBAS, a villarrc, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict, in Blandford district, Dorset, The village stands
along a steep road, between two wooded hill^, adjacent
to an alUucnt of the river Puddle, 6 miles S\V by W of
Blandford r. station; was originally called Middlcton;
took the latter part of its name from a ncighbo\iring
Benedictine abbey; w.isouce amarkcl-town; underwent
reconstruction by the first Earl of Dorchester; consists
of two rows of , symmetrical cottages, with church, alms-
house, and good inn; presents a tidy and pretty appear-
ance; and has a puololUccf undor Blandford, and a fair
on the Tuesday after 25 July. The parish contains also
5IILT0X-ABB0T.
346
MILTON (Grk.vt).
thc3 harulet of Hohvorth. Acres, 2,420. Keal property,
£4,746. Pop. in 1S51, 915; iu 1861, 1,014. Houses,
lot. The property belongs to Baron Hambro. A Bene-
dictine abbey wus founrled here after 933, by King
Atbelstan; went, at the dissolution, to Sir John Tre-
gonwell; and, with the exception of the hall and the
church, was taken down in 1771, to give place to Mil-
ton Abbey, the present seat of Baroa Hambro. This
seat was designed by Sir William Chambers; is a large
quadrangular mansion, with a central court; consists of
white limestone, alternating in parts with layers of flint;
presents principal fronts to the N and the W; includes
the monks' hall or refectory, of date 149S; and stands on
a natural terrace, at the convergence of three deep vales,
under an amphitheatre of wooded heights. The abbey
church is of the time of Edward II. ; succeeded a previous
church, destroyed by lightning; consists of transept, aisled-
chancel, and tower; contains a rich altar-screen of 1492,
finely carved stalls, three canopied sedilia, two nide old
paintings supposed to represent Athelstau and his queen,
an old marble monument to Sir John Tregouwell, a monu-
ment of 1775 by Carlini to Lord and Lad}' ililton, and a
Jesse window of 1849 by Pugin; and underwent restora-
tion in 1863, under the superintendence of Scott of Lon-
don, at a cost of about £4,500. An old chapel, dedicated
to St. Catherine, stands on a hill E of the abbey. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Salisbury. A'alue,
£127.* Patron, Baron Hambro. The vLUage church
•was rebuilt by the fii-st Earl of Dorchester, and has a
pinnacled tower. There are a Wesleyan chapel, an alms-
house with £19 a-year, and an endowed school with
£181. — The sub-district contains also fourteen other par-
ishes and part of another. Acres, 26,201. Pop., 6,233.
Houses, 1,181.
MILTOX-ABBEV, Northampton. See Milton Park.
MILTOX-ABBOT, a village, a parish, and a sub-
district, in Tavistock district, l)evon. The viDage stands
14 mile E of the river Tamar, at the boundary with
Cornwall, and 6^ N\V of Tavistock r. station; is a
pleasant place ; and has a post-ofllce under Tavistock,
and a fair on the Wednesday after 20 July. The par-
ish contains also the hamlets of Chillaton, Edgcumbe,
Foghanger, and Quither. Acres, 6,617. Eeal propertv,
£3,540; of which £10 are in quarries. Pop. in 1851,
1,242; in 1861, 1,062. Houses, 220. The property is
divided among a few. The manor belonged to Tavis-
tock abbey; went, at the dissolution, to Lord RusseU;
and belongs now to the Duke of Bedford. Endsleigh is
a vUla-seat of the Duke of Bedford ; stands amid roman-
tic scenery on the river Tamar; was built iu ISIO, after
designs by Sir G. Wyattville; presents an aspect of re-
markable but picturesque irregularity; and Las grounds
with features of striking interest, including the Dairy
dell, the Alpine garden with a Swiss cottage, and the
Terrace commanding a vcrj* beautiful view. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £557.*
Patron, the Duke of Bedford. The church is later Eng-
lish, and has a pinnacled tower. There are chapels for
AVesleyans and Bible Christians, a boys' free school, a
girls' free school, and charities £6. — The sub-district
contains also four other parishes and part of another.
Acres, 22,746. "Pop., 4,728. Hoaxes'; 927.
JIILTON-BItYAKT, a village and a parish in AVo-
buru district, Beds. The village stands 2^ mOes SE of
Woburn, and 4.^ SE of AToburn-Sands r. station; and has
a post-office under AV'obum. The parish comprises 1,480
acres. Keal jiroperty, £2,118. Pop., 34.5. Houses, 72.
The property is divided among a few. Two manors here
belonged, at Domesday, to Hugh de Beauchamp and the
Bishop of BaiL-ux; went to .Sir Francis Biyan and AVo-
burn abbey; and parsed to Sir Hugh Ingli.s, Bart. The
jManor-lIouse is the seat of Lady Inglis. The living is
a rectory in the diocese of Ely. Value, £252.* Patron,
the Lord Chancellor. The church has a white tower and
a ])ainted window; and contains a monument, by Ch.iu-
trey, to Sir H. Inglis. There is a parochial school.
MILTON-CHAl'EL. See Miltox or JIiltoxCii.v^-
rEL.
.MILTON-CLEVEDOX, a pruixh, with a villag-, in
Shepton-Mallett district, Somerset; on the Glastonbury
and Bruton railway, 1 mile S of Evercrecoh, and 2 XW
of Bruton. Post-town, Evercreech, under Bath. Acres,
1,221. Ileal property, £2,299. Pop., 210. Houses,
44. The property is divided among a few. The
manor belongs to the Earl of Ilchester. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Bath and AVclls. A'alue, £263.*"
Patron, the ?iirl of Ilchester. The church is later Eng-
lish; was restored in 1760, and the chancel rebuilt in
1780; and consists of nave, aisle, and chancel, with
porch and tower. There are a national school, and chari-
ties £17.
MILTOX-COURT, an old red-brick Tudor mansion,
in Dorking jiarish, Surrey; 1 J mile SSW of Dorking. It
contains a fine old staircase, and is now a farm-house. It
was long the residence, till his death, of Jeremiah Mark-
land, known for his labours on Euripides and Statins ;
and is said to have been visited by Porson, out of re-
spect for ilarkland. A tumulus, marked by a clump of
firs, is on an adjacent heath ; and a considerable part of
Stane-street, here called Jlilton-street, is in the neigh-
bourhood.
IiIILTOX-D.\MEPvEL, a village, a parish, and a sub-
district, in Holsworthy district, Devon. The village
stands on the river AValdon, 5 miles NNE of Holswor-
thy, and 12 SSAV of Bideford r. station ; was anciently
known as Middlcton; and has a post-office under Brau-
dis-Corner, Xorth Devon. The jiarish contains also the
hamlets of AVhitebeare, East AVonford, and AA'^est Won-
ford. Acres, 4,252. Real property, £2,661. Pop.,
684. Houses, 132. The property is divided among a
few. The manor belongs to Lord Courtenay. The liv-
ing is a rectory, united with the p. curacy of Cookbury,
in the diocese of Exeter. A'alue, i;37S.* I'atron, the
Rev. AV. D. Anderson. The church is ancient; consists
of nave, aisles, and transept, with porch and tower; and
was reported in 1859 as not good. Tliere is a national
school. — The sub-district contains also four other par-
ishes. Acres, 21,281. Pop., 2,542. Houses, 502.
MILTON-ERXEST, a village and a parish in the dis-
trict and county of Bedford. The village stands on the
river Ouse, 2 miles N of Oakley r. station, and 4i X\V
by N of Bedford; and has a post-office under Bedford.
The parish comprises 2,070 acres. Real property, £2,393.
Pop., 485. Houses, 111. The manor belongs to Earl
Brownlow ami B. H. Starey, Esq.; and Milton-Ernest
Hall is Mr. Starey's seat. The Bedfordshire subscription
bounds are kennelled hero. The living is a vicarage in
the diocese of Ely. A'alue, £275.* I'atron, C. Turner,
Esq. The church is ancient; comprises Xoraian por-
tions; was restored in 1865, at a cost of £1,361; con-
sists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a tower; and con-
tains some ancient monuments to the Rolls and the Tur-
ners. There are a AA'csleyan chapel, a national school,
alms-houses with £65 a-year, and other charities £10.
MILTOX (Cheat), a village, a township, and a par-
ish, in Thame district, O.vford. The village stands on
an eminence 1 mOe E of the river Thame, and 5| AVSW
of Thame r. station; was known at Domesday, as Jlidel-
ton; and has' a post-office under Tetsworth. The town-
ship includes the village, and extends into the country.
Pop., 630. Houses, 137. The parish contains also the
hamlets of Ascot and Chilwortli. Acres, 2,742. Real
property, £4,083. Pop., 729. Houses, 161. Milton
House is the seat of Mrs. Sheppard; and the Priory
was lately the residence of Miss Duffield. A house said
to have belonged to the ancestois of the poet Milton,
stands ojiposite the village well; and has a galikd struc-
ture, and mulHoned windows. A priory, a cell to
AViingdon abb..y, stood in the jiarish; and was given,
at the dissolution, to Richard de Louchcs. jAlilton Field
was a meet fur the AV'ormsley hanicrs. The living is
a vicarage in the diocese of O.vford. A'alue, £300.*
Patron, the Bishop of O.vfoid. The church is chiefly
decorated Engli'^h ; has a fine early English X door,
and a good later English tower; comprises nave, aisles,
and chancel; was thoroughly restored in 1851; con-
tains a very handsome marble monument of 1618 to
the Dorrner family, and an interesting tomb of Mrs. Wil-
MILTON-KEYNES.
MILTOX-rODIMOKE.
kiosoa of 1ij54; was, till about 1S52, ii peculiar of the
Bishop of I.liKolii, iiMil furnished two ])iebeiKls, callcil
51ilton-K'-'clc.>i.i ami .Miltoii-Sliiuor, toTiiiioolri cathedral.
There are a Wcsluyan chapel, a national school, and
cliarir'^s £;"0.
M!I.T<">X-KEVNES, a villasce and a ])arisli, in Now-
l-.crt-ri^nell district, liuL-ks. "I'ho village stands on tlio
river Oiud, 1\ wile W of the boundary with Cods, 3
^' W i,f \Voniu ii-Sauils r. station, and SA S by E of New-
j..ort-Pa-,'ii''l!; and Las a postal letter-box under New-
port-Pagaell. The parish coui])rises 1,842 acres. Ileal
]>roptriy, £3,554. Pop., 346. Houses, 7"2. The uianor
aiid most of the land belong to G. Finch, Esq. The liv-
ing ii a rectory in the diocese of Oxford. Value, £oOO. *
Piitroi:, G. Finch, Est]. The church is decorated Eng-
lish; was thoroughly restored in 1864; and consists of
cave, aisles, and chancel, with ])0rch and tower. A
handsome national school was built in 1859. Bishop
Atterbury was a native, and that prelate's father and Dr.
■Wotlon, "author of " Reflections on Ancient and Modern
L<-aniius, " were rectors.
MILTOX-LILBOllNE, a parish in Pewsey district,
\Vi;ts; On a head-stream of the river Avon, the Wilts and
• .Somei^f-t railway, and the Kennet and Avon canal, 2
miles E of Pewsey r. station. It contains the hamlet of
Clinch; and its post-town is Pewsey, under Marlborough.
Acres, 3,502. Pveal property, £4,S00. Pop., • 697.
Ilou-es, 153. The property is divided among a few. The
manor and much of the land belong to the JIarquis of
Aile.sburv-. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Salisbury. Value, £111. Patron, the llev. J. H. Gale.
The chnroli is ancient, with a tower; and was rejiorted
in 185^' as not good. There is a national school.
MILTON (LriTi.K), a parish, with a village, in Thame
diitiict, Oxford; on the liver Thame, 4^ miles V by S
of Tctsworth, and 7 SW by \V of Thame r. station.
Post-toT\-n, Tetcworth. Acres, 1,660. Ileal property,
£2,^05. Po{i., 411. Houses, 89. The manor belongs to
M. P. V>'. Loidton, Esq. The living is a \). curacy in
tl.i diocese of Oxford. Value, £250.* Patron, the Bishop
of Oxford. The church was built in 1844; is in the
jnrly English style; and consists of nave and chancel,
with a tower. There is a parochial school.
MILTON (Lowr.R). Sec Milton, Shipton, Oxford.
M I I.TON-ilAZOl;. See Milton, Norlhampton.
MlLTON-NEXT-GllAVESKND, a parish in Gravcs-
cnd diitrlctj Kent; on the river Thames and the North
ITent railway, within Gravesend borough. It adjoins
tiravesenJ parish on the E; was incorporated '(i-ith Graves-
tnd borough in the time of Elizabeth; includes a larger
and finer portion of Gravesend town than the ]xirtion
within Gravesend pari.sh; contains many of the best
Louses, the custom-house, the fort, the literary institu-
licu, the lloyal TeiTace pier, and other objects of main
iiitere.sl; commands, from its Jiigher thoroughfares, a
rich view over the circumjacent portions of Kent, and a
vi;:w f'f about 4 j miles in reach along the N shore of the
Thames; and, as to all its principal features, has already
been noticed in our aiticlo Gravesend. rost-town,
Gravesend. Acres, 853; of which 155 are water. Ileal
jiroper.y, £54,581; of which £1,000 are in quarries, and
£1,300 in g-is-work.s. Pop. in 1851, 9,927; in 18G1,
1(',S'.''7. Houses, 1,842. Two sections of the parish
foau th-: chai.i.li-iLS of Holy Trinity and Cliristchurch,
c»nstitr.t..d in 1845 and 1850. Pop. of H. T., 3,042; of
C, 5,031. The head living is a rectory, and the other
two livings are p. curaeic.s, in the diocese of Pochestcr.
Value of the rectory, £270;* of II. T., £150; of C,
£300. P.itron of tlie rcctoiy, the Lord Chancellor two
iMrn.s, and the Ili.ihi'p of llochesti^r one turn; of H. T.,
alternately the Crouii and the Bishop; of C, the Lector
of Milton. The chuivh^'s are notii;ed in the article
fli.vvE.-r.Nn.
Mii;roN-.NE.\T-SlTTINGI!OlJRNl'., a town and a
parish in -Milton district, Kent. The tuwn stands on a
}:.II-s:d';, at the io]' of a creek of the river Swale, adjacent
• •n the N\V to the t<nvii and r. station of Sittingbournc,
and tdjacent on tlie NE to the junction of the North
li-nt railway with tlie brancli toShcerness, 10 miles ESE
of Chatham; was anciently known as Mideltnn; is sup-
jiosed to have had a jial.ice of the Saxon kings; was a
royal manor from the i^axon times till the time of
Charles L, often held in dowiy by the queens; is said to
have been the death -iiliice, about 6S0, of Se.-iburga, the
canonized jiriorcss of Minster in Sheppey; was attacked,
in 893, by Hastings the Dane, with a llect of 80 ships;
snilered desolatioii from lire raised by Earl Godwin, in a
quarrel with Edward the Confessor; is recorded to have
had six mills and twenty-seven salt-pits at Domesday;
was a considerable maritime place in the time of Queen
Elizabeth; has a court-leet, said to have been established
by King Alfred, and held annually for the appointment
of two high constables and other oilicers; is governed by
a portreeve, elected annually, who collects dues and tolls,
two-thirds of which are now devoted to the paving of the
streets; is a sub-port to F'aversham, and the seat of a
very famous oyster fishery; consists of a number of small
streets, intersecting one another at right angles, and
straggling into scattered outskirts ; and has a post-office J
of tlie name of Jlilton, under Sittingbournc, a court-
house, a market-house, .shipping quays, a church, two
dissenting chapels, a free school, a workhouse, and a
variety of institutions, some of them conjoint with
Sittingbournc. The court-house stands in the centre of
the town; is an ancient timbered structure; is used for
the manor courts; and includes what was long used as a
small town jaO. The church stands to the N of the
town; is partly Norman, partly early English, and chiefly
decorated English; incorporates jueces of Roman brick
scattered through its walls; has, iu the S chancel, three
paving-tUes wth coloured patterns, seemingly cither
Venetian or Moorish; and contains a piscina, twosedilia,
the brass of a knight of the time of Edward IV., two
other brasses, and some monuments. The Independent
chapel was built iu 1860, at a cost of £1,200. A weekly
niiirkct is held ouSatiu'day; and a fair, chief!}' for cattle,
is hold on 24 July. An extensive taiiyard is at Chalk-
well ; and some oil and cement mills are at Crown Quay.
A considerable export trade, in corn, avooI, bricks, and
(laving stones for London, is carried on from Crown Quay.
The oyster fishery- dates from at least the Roman times,
and is believed to have furnished the Rutupian oysters
celebrated by Juvenal; it was granted by King John to
the abbots of Favcisham, and continued in their hands
till the dissolution; it has been worked, fiom very early
times, by a company of fishermen under special bye-laws
like those of Favcrshani ; and it employs a large fleet of
smacks and hoys in conveying the produce to London.
The oysters are known as "Milton natives;" they bear
the reput.ation of being the best in the British market;
and, since the discovery of the great sea-beds off Shore-
ham, in consequence of the comparative coarseness and
plenteousness of the suppl)' from these beds, they have
risen in value. — The town and the pari.sh are statistically
regarded as conterminate. Acres, 2,556. Real property,
£12,385; of which £300 are in fuslieries. Pop. in 1851,
2,407; in 1861, 2,731. Houses, 507. Tart of the land
is marsh. An earth-work of about 100 feet square,
known as Ca.stle-Rough, with a broad fosse and a single
vallum, on KeuKsley Down, in the marshes, is believed
to have been a fortiess fonncd by Hastings the Dane at
his attack in 893; and tr.ires of a raised causeway lead
from it to the nioutli of the creek. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Canterbury. Value, £400.* Pa-
trons, the Dean and Chapter of Canterbuiv.
JIILTON PARK, the seat of the Hon. G. W. Fitz-
williain, iu Castor pirish, Northampton; 2:i miles WNW
of Peterborough. It v.-.-ui built in the time of Elizabeth;
it succeeded a mansion of the abbots of Medcnhauistea.l;
it gives the title of Viscount Milton to Earl Fitzwilliain;
it has .some .stained glass, brought from Fotheringhay
Castle; it contains iioit:aits of Jlary Queen of Sots, and
her son James L, gi\en by her to Sir W. Fitzwilliam on
the day of her execution; and it stands iu well-wooJcd
grounds, stocked with deer, aiul much frequented by
plcasure-jiartics from the surrounding neighbourhood.
MILTON-PODl.MORE, a parish, %vil,h a village, in
Vcovil district, Somerset: 2 miles NE of Ilcliester, and
MILTON (South).
343
MIMSIS (South).
64 NNW of Yeovil r. station. Post-town, Ilchester,
under Tauutou. Acres, 990. Kcal property, £1,357.
Pop., 131. Houses, 25. The manor belongs to G. D.
W. Digby, Esq. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of Bath and "Wells. Value, £200. Patron, the Kev. A.
Highton. The church is early English, and has an oc-
tagonal tower.
JIILTON (South), a village and a parish in Kings-
bridge district, Devon. The village stands near the
coast, 3 miles WSW of Kingsbridge r. station ; and was
anciently known as lliddleton. The parish contains also
the hamlets of Sutton and Upton. Post-town, West
Alvington, under Kingsbridge. Acres, 1,556. Eeal pro-
perty, with Thurlestone and West Alvington, £13,111.
Katcd property of S. M. alone, £2,067. Pop., 363.
Houses, 76. The property is divided among a few. The
manor belongs to Mr. Prideaux. Horsewell House be-
longed formerly to the Roopes, and belongs now to W.
E. llbert, Esq. Holwell belongs to Mr. Gilbert. The
living is a p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage of West
Alvington, in the diocese of Exeter. The church is later
English ; and consists of nave, N aisle, S transept, and
chancel. Charities, £16.
MILTON-STREET, a hamKt in Dorking parish,
Surrey; 1| mile SW of Dorking. It takes the latter
part of its name from Stane-street, a portion of which is
stUl traceable in the neighbourhood.
MILTON -UiNDER-WYCHWOOD. See Milton,
Shipton, Oxford.
MILTON-UPON-STOUR, a hamlet in Gillingham
parish, Dorset; on the river Stour, 1^ mile NW by N
of Gillingham r. station. It formerly had a chapeL
MILTON (West), a chapelry in Pooretock parbh,
Dorset; on the river Asker, 1^ mile W by N of Poor-
stock r. station, and 3^ NE by N of Bridport. Post-
towu, Poorstock, under Bridport. Rated property, about
£1,000. Pop., 244. The property is much subdivided.
The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the vicarage of
Poorstock, iu the diocese of Salisbury. The church is
ancient.
MILVERTON, a small town, a parish, a sub-district,
and a hundred, in Somei-set. The town stands in a
beautiful deep small vaUey, overhung in the AV by steep
high cultivated hills, 34 miles NNW of Wellington r.
station, and 13.^ SWof Bridgewater; is an ancient place,
formerly a borough, and still nominally governed by a
portreeve and other officers; consists chiefly of three
irregular streets; and has a post-office,J under Welling-
ton, Somerset, a good inn, a picturesque old market-
cross, a church. Independent and Wesleyan chapels, an
endowed school with £54 a-year, and charities £59. The
church stands on an eminence, overlooking the town; is
later English, of the time of Henry VII., 120 feet by 60;
was recently restored; consists of nave, aisles, and chan-
cel, with porch and tower; and contains old seats with
beautifully carved emis. A weekly market is held on
Friday; and cattle fairs, on Easter Tuesday, 25 July, and
10 Oct. A considerable woollen trade was formerly car-
ried on, but has almost entirely ceased. John de Mil-
verton, a friar who wrote furiously against Wickliffe, and
Dr. Thomas Young, who first decipliered Egj-ptiau hiero-
glyphics, and established the undiilatory theory of light,
were natives. — The parish contains also the handets of
Preston-Bowyer, Houndsmoor, and Screedhay. Acres,
5,475. Real property, £11,481. Pop. in 1851, 2,146;
in 1861, 1,895. Houses, 429. The decrease of pop.
was caused partly by the closing of a large tannery. The
surface is diversified ; and the liigher grounds command ex-
tensive views. The living is a vicarage, united with the
p. curacy of Langford-Budville, in the diocese of Bath
and Wells. Value, £600.* Patron, the Archdeacon of
Taunton. The sub district contains also eight other
parishes, and is in Wellington district. Acres, 15,130.
Pop., 4,214. Houses, 912. — The hundred excludes two
parishes of the sub-district, but includes two which lie
beyond it. Acres, 14,812. Pop., 4,002. Ilou.ses, 8G2.
MILVERTON, a parish in the district and county of
Warwick; on the river Avon, and on the Leamington
*nd Coventry railway, 2 miles NNE of Warwick. It
contains a portion of the town of Leamington, a station
on the I,eamington and Coventry railway, and a goods
station for Leamington and Warwick on the North-
western railway. Post-town, Leamington. Acres, 1,180.
Real property, £12,504. Pop. in 1851, 1,061; in 1861,
1,366. Houses, 281. Pop. of the part within Leaming-
ton town, 341. Houses, 66. Emscote Manor House is
the seat of Mr. W. Newsham. The scenery within the
parish, and the views commanded from it, are very fine.
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Worcester.
Value, £78. Patron, the Earl of Warwick. The church
is ancient ; and consists of nave and chancel, with a
wooden belfry. A proprietorial church was built iu
1836, on Mil verton -hill; is an edifice in the Doric style,
with tetrastyle portico, and circular bell tower; contains
about 800 sittings ; forms a separate charge, in the
patronage of the Earl of Warwick; and is sometimes
called New Milverton, while the parish church is called
Old MUverton.
MILWICH, a village and a parish in Stone district,
Stafford. The village stands on a small affluent of the
river Trent, 2\ miles NE of Sandon r. station, and 4|
SE by E of Stone. The parish contains also the ham-
lets of Colon, Garshall-Green, and part of Dayhills; and
its post-town is Stone. Acres, 2,987. Real property,
£4,867. Pop., 567. Houses, 127. The property is
much divided. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Lichfield. Value, £95.* Patron, G. Lewis Dyve, Esq.
The church is a modem brick structure, with an ancient
stone tower. There are a Wesleyan chapel, a national
school, and charities £20.
MIMMS (North), a parish in Hatfield district, Herts;
adjacent to the Great Northern railway, and to the
boundary with Middlesex, 3 miles SSW of Hatfield r.
station. It contains the hamlets of Roestock, Water-
end, Little Heath, and Welham-Green; the last of which
has a post-office under Hatfield. Acres, 4,925. Real
property, £7,835. Pop., 1,095. Houses, 227. The pro-
perty is subdivided. The m.inor belonged to the Mag-
navilles, and passed to the KnoUes, the Ilydes, and the
Osbornes. North Mimms Park is the seat of Col. F. S.
GreviUe Nugent; Brookmaus, of R. W. Gaussen, Esq.;
Mimm Wood, of Mrs. Ashtoii; Osborne Park, of G. J.
Robinson, Esq. ; Pottrells, of J. Wheen, Esq. ; Abdale,
of A. M. Cooke, Esq.; Hawkshead, of S. Soames, Esq. ;
Moffats, of T. G. Wood, Esq. ; Littlehcath, of J. Walker,
Esq.; and Leggats, of Mrs. Kemble. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of Rochester. Value, £250.*
Patron, R. W. Gaussen, Esq. The church was built,
iu the time of King Stephen, by Sir Hugh Magnaville;
was recently restored; consists of nave, aisles, and chan-
cel, with tower and spire ; and contains many brasses
and monuments. There are a national school, and char-
ities £64.
MIMMS (South), a village, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict, in Barnet district, Middlesex. The village stands
near the boundary with Herts, 1| mile W of Potters-
Bar r. station, and 3^ N by W of Barnet; was anciently
called Mymes and M)-mmys; and has a post-office under
Barnet, Ijondon N, a police-station, a good inn, and a
weekly Wednesday market, dating from the time of
Henr)- II., long defunct, and revived in 1851. The par-
ish contains also the %-illage of Potters-Bar, and part of
the town of Barnet. Acres, 5,153. Real projjert}',
£17,096. Pop. in 1851, 2,825; in 1861, 3,238. Houses,
650. The property is much subdivided. The manor
belonged to the Leuknors; passed to the Scropesand the
Windsors; and belongs now to the Marquis of Salisbury.
Wrotham Park is the seat of the Earl of Strafford; Dyr-
ham Park, of Capt. J. Trotter; Rridgefoot, of S. 0. Per-
cival, Esq. ; Norfolk Lodge, of B. F. Smith, Esq. ; and
Dancers House, of W. R. Price, E.sq. The surface is
diversified, and the scenery is beautiful. The living is a
vicarage in the diocese of London. Value, £310.* Pa-
tron, W. P. Hammond, Esq. The church was built in
1130; has a W tower, overgrown with ivy; was recently
in disrepair; and contains a piscina and two old brasses. •
The p. curacies of Potters-Bar and Barnet-Christcluirch
are separate benefices. There area Roman C^itliolic cha-
MI MR AN.
349
MINEHEAD.
ivil, two national schools, a British scliool, au orpliaii
hnine, a f»aia!e mission training home, three suites of
elms-lioii^s, and other charities £18. — The sub-distrii't
containi ;.Uo three parishes electorally in Hert.s. Acres,
14,1S5. Pop., 5,381. Houses, 1,104.
MI.MKAN, or M.vkan (The), a rivulet of Herts; ris-
ing near the boundary with Beds, in the vicinity of
Kic;j!-V.'.uilen; and ninniii!; about 11 miles, in the di-
rection of SE by E, past Codicote, 'Wehvyn, aiid Tewin, to
the Lea .it Hertford.
MINCAULO, a small one of the Scilly Islands; 4
niihs W of St. Marv's. Its area is about 12 acres.
MINCHIXGHAMPTOX, a town, a parish, and a sub-
district, in Stroud district, Gloucester. The town stands
on a gfiitle declivitj', near the Thames and Severn canal,
1 mile S of Erim>oombe r. station, and 3^ SE of Strou<i;
•was jjiven, by AVilliam the Conqueror, to the nunnery of
Caen; took thence the first part of its name, by corrup-
rion of Monachyn, signifying a nun ; pas.sed to the
Viniso.'s and the Shepparjs; figured long as a jdace of
considerable importance, but has latterly declined; con-
sists cliie3y of four streets at right angles to one another,
hut is irr.'gularly built, and contains many houses so
dilapidated as to be uninhabitable ; and has a post-officej
nnier .Srroud, a police-station, a church, a Baptist cha-
pel, endowed schools for boys, a national school, alms-
houses forSag'><l women, school endowments to the amount
of£l.>4. and charities £118. The church was built, in the
time of Henry 1 1 1., by the nuns of Caen ; was partially re-
builtinlS42;'isdecoraled Englishandcruciform, with cen-
tral ocuconal tower; and contains several curious brasses.
A we.?k2y mark-'t is held on Tuesday; fairs, for horses,
cattle, andshtep, are Iteld on Trinity IMonday, and 27 Oct. ;
wooll-.n cloth manufacture is carried on; and there are a
f<rw malrictcs in tlie neighbourhood, and a brcweiy at
Fortvoc.^. — The parish includes the town division, and
Ih'i t;,-thinzs of Chalford and Kodborough, comprising the
Lari-lrts 'jf Box, Eorwood, Holcombe, Littleworth, Thees-
f)ml>e, Amberiey, St. Cloe, Chalford, Hyde, Burley,
f'rims/:oinbe, and Cowcombe, also part of the chapelry
of NaUr.vorth ; and all fonns part of the parliamentary
Lorou^rh of Stroud. Acres, 4,895. Real propert}-, with
thereat of Naiisworth, £17,888; of which £139 are in
quarries. Fop. in 1S5I, 4,469; in 1861, 4,147. Houses,
1,004. The decrease of pop. was caused by the removal
of faLai!i>:-.s to Loudon and otiier largo towns. The manor
he!or.'.j5 to H. D. Ricaido, Esq. A large common, on the
\V sij- of the town, was given to the inhabitants, in the
time of Henry VIII., by Dame Alice Hampton; and
co:iipri.-cd originally about 1,000 acres; but has been di-
minished, by successive encroachments, to little more
than 5''0 acres. A remarkable entrenchment is on the
common; extends nearly 3 miles, from Littleworth, to a
valley c u the opposite side of the town, called Woeful
Lace Bjttom; and is conjectured to have been the scene
of a great overthrow of the Danes, — possibly the much
<!-sru:ed site of the battle of Pitliandune in 879. A pe-
trifyici' spring is near Chalford. The living is a rectory
in rh'^ di'ioese of Gloucester and Bristol. Value, £433.*
I'atnr!. H. D. Ricardo, Esq. The p. curacy of Brimscombe
and ti:- rectories of Kodborougli and Amberiey are sepa-
rate ? •jr..;fii:e.s. Chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive
Mcth'-iists and a national school aro in Brimscombe.—
The j-ib-district i=i contemiinate with the parish.
MINCHlNCrTON, atvthing, conjoint with Gussage,
iu Hmdloy parish. Dorset; G.^ miles AVNW of Cran-
K >rr. ^.
MLNTtXGEIELD, at)-thingin Durley p.arisb, Hants;
C] mi!es W of Bish.<)i>s-Walthani. Pop., 109.
.MINDIirM, a place in the N of Northumberiand; 10
miles WXW c,f Wooicr. An old chapel is here. Min-
dn:Tn hill is a meet for Txird Elcho's hounds.
MINUTOWN, a j.ariili in Clun district, Salop; under
the I '-n,' .Mynd, 3i n)iles W of JIar.sli-Ihook r. station,
and 4^ E by N of Bishops-Castle. Post-town, Bisho[)s-
("a.-.t'.r, .*;;irop-.hire. Acres, 908. Real property, i;7.'50.
Pop., 4^. Houses, 7. The manor belongs to W. Plow-
Gjn, Esq. An old seat of the Mynde family was here,
and is aow a farm-house. Traces of cupper ore exist.
There is a saline spa, much frequented. The living is a
rectory in the diocese of Hereford. Value, £135. Pa-
tron, the Earl of Powis. Tho church is ancient.
MINEHEAD, a small town, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict, in Williton district, Somerset. Tlie town stands
on the coast, under Mineliead Point, at the terminus of
a proposed railway, 84 miles W by N of Watchet,
11 E of the boun.lary with Devon, and 22 W by N of
Bridgewater; was known, at Domesday, as Maheved;
sent two members to parliament from tlfe time of Eliza-
beth, till disfranchised by the reform act; is still nomi-
nally governed by two portreeves and other officers; car-
ried on, for some time, a considerable export trade, par-
ticularly in woollen goods and in herrings to the Medi-
terranean ; derived thence a coat of arras, showing a ship
under sail and a wool pack ; went latterly into much
decay; has eventually undergone some revival, partly
in trade, and partly as a pleasant watering-place; ranks
as a sub-port to Bridgewater; and consists of three pior-
tions, called Quay-To«-n, Lower-Town, and Upper-Town.
The Quay-Town is the port, and consists of one long
street, running by the side of the harbour and tlie sea.
The Lower- Town connects with the Quay -Town by an
elm-.shaded road along the shore; includes the parade,
Bampton-street, and a row of new houses called the
Parks; and contains the principal .shops, respectable
inns, and the mai-ket-house, a handsome building with a
clock. The LTpper-Town stands on the eastern declivity
of a steep and rugged hill ; comprises some irregular
streets, with newdy rebuilt houses ; and contains the
church, the vicarage, and a few shops. Pircs, at ditTerent
times, have desolated several parts of the town; ami one
of them destroyed ninety houses, which have not been re-
built. The Feathers inn is a curious old house, and has
an antique fireplace in the commercial room. The church
is a handsome structure, 116 feet by 40 ; consists of nave,
N aisle, and chancel, with embattled tower; shows a
figure of St. Michael in a niche of the tower; and con-
tains a curious old font, a monument supposed to be to
the memory of Henry do Bracton, judge in the time of
Heniy III., and an alabaster statue of Queen Anne, pre-
sented in 1719 by Sir Jacob Banks, who represented the
town in parliament for 10 years. The churchyard con-
tains an ancient stone cross on steps. The town has a
post-ofticet under Taunton, a Baptist chapel, a large
school, a free reading-room, alms-houses, and charities
£73. A weekly market is held on Wednesday; a fair is
held on Whit- Wednesday ; and some tanning and lea-
ther-working are carried on. The harbour cannot readily
be entered in rough weather, and has only from 9 to 17
feet of water; )-tt is the best and safest within a long
reach of iron-bound coast. A lighthouse was built in
1852; and there is a coast guard station. The harbour
dues are heavy; and the commerce amounts to little more
than the frequent trading of coasters to and from Bristol.
The proposed railway is an independent line from the West
Somerset at Watchet; was authorizeil in 1SG5, on a capi-
tal of £70,000 in shares and £23,300 in loans; and was
to be completed in four years. The attractions of the
town as a watering-place are chiefly a very mild climate,
and a romantic circumjacent country. The best view-
points and airing grounds are the quay, the brow of
Jlinehead Point, and a hill above the up[)er town.— The
Point rises 690 feet .above sea-level, and is the eastern
termination of a wUd range of hills extending ahuig the
coast to Porlock. — The parish iuchules the manor of
Bratton, and the h.amlets of Peritou, Vinefurd, and
AVoodcombe. Acres, 4,581; of which 590 are water.
Real property, £f;,0S4. Pop., 1,582. Houses, 292. The
manor belonged unciently to the Mohun^^, and belongs
now to H. F. Luttrell, Esq. Bratton Court, about a
mile W of the town, was the residence of the judge
Henry de P.racton ; is now the residence of R. G. Para-
more, Esq. ; and is an old quadrangular timber mansion,
partly modcrni/cd. A murcx, which gives a crimson
mark to linen, occurs on the coast; and submarim trees
are found. The living is a vicarage in the dioccso of
Bath and Wells. Value, £250.* Patron, II. F. Lut-
trell, Esq. Dr. Brocklcsby, the friend of Johu.son, w.is
MINERA.
350
MINSTER.
a native. — ^The sub-district contains also six other par-
ishes. Acres, 25,869. Pop., 3,430. Houses. 696.
MINERA, a village, a township, and a chapeliy in
"Wrexham parish, Denbigh. The village stands on the
river Clywedog, under Cyrn-y-Brain mountain, l^ mile S
of the boundary with Flint, 2 W of Otfa's dyke, and 44
WNW of Wrexham r. station; and has a post-office
under "VVrexham. The township comprises 1,351 acres.
Eeal property, £21,030 ; of which £16,000 are in mines,
£2,967 in quarries, and £100 in railways. Pop. in 1851,
771; in 1861, 1,221. Houses, 265. fheinorcn.se of pop.
arose from the extension of mining and quarrj ing oper-
ations, and from . facilities of railway communication.
The property is not much divided. The rocks are veiy
rich in iron, lead, and copper ores; and they adjoin the
outcrop of the coal measures, adjacent to lime and slate
quarries. — The chapeliy is more extensive than the town-
ship, and was constituted in 1844. Pop., 1,714. House.s,
• 367. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St.
Asaph. Value, £119.* Patron, the Vicar of Wrexham.
The church was reported in 1859 as neetling repair.
MINESTEAD. See Minstead.
MINETY, or Mi>rrY, a village and a parish in Malms-
bury district, Wilts. The village stands near the an-
cient forest of Bredon, and near the Swindon and Glou-
cester branch of the Great Western railway, 3| mUes SW
of the boundary with Gloucestershire, and 5^ ENE of
Malmsbury; and has a station with telegraph on the
railway, and a post-office under Malmsbury. The parish
comprises 3,470 acres. Real property, £7,293. Pop.,
182. Houses, 169. The property is much subdivided.
The manor belongs to Capt. Arthur Mullings. Minety
House is a chief residence. There Ls a mineral spring.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Gloucester and
Bristol. Value, £300.* Patron, the Archdeacon of
Wilts. The church is later English, in fair condition,
with a tower; and contains a piscina, and a brass and
monuments of the Powletts, the Pleydells, and othei-s.
Charities, £40. Admiral Penn's father was a resident.
MINEWITHEN, a small one of the Scilly Islands; a
short distance NE of St. Mary's. Its area is about 16
acres.
MINGISE, a place in the SW of Cornwall; 4J miles
NNE of Redruth.
MININGSBY, a parish, with a -village, in Homcastle
district, Lincoln; on an affluent of the river Bain, 54-
miles S£ of Homcastle r. station. Post-town, Revesby,
under Boston. Acres, 730. Real property, £2,157.
Pop., 477. Houses, 93. So many as 334 of the pop.
and 68 of the houses are in an allotment in the West Fen.
The manor belongs to Sir John Smith, Bart. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £294.
Patron, the Duchy of Lancaster. The church is old; and
consists of nave and chancel, with bell-turret. There
are a Wesleyan chapel and a parochial school; and the
parish shares in the free school of East Kirkby.
MINKE, a village in the S of Carmarthenshire; 4}
mUes SE of Carmarthen.
MINLEY, a tything in Yateley parish, Hants; 6}
miles NE of Odiham. Real property, £169.
MINNARD, a place in the SE of Cornwall; 2 miles
WSW of St. Germans.
MINQUIERES (Les), a reef in the English Channel;
averagely about 12 miles S of Jersey. It is about 12
miles long and 9 miles broad. The steamer " Superb "
was wrecked upon it in Oct. 1850.
MINSHULL (CHrrncii), a village and a parish in
Nantwich district, Cheshire. The village stands on the
river Weaver, near the Middlewich canal, 2 miles SW of
Minshull- Vernon r. station, and 5.^- N by E of Nantwich;
and has a post-office under Middlewich. The parish
contains also the hamlets of Wades - Green, Wood-
Green, and Paradise-Green. Acres, 2,286. Real property,
£3,424. Pop., 392. Houses, 76. The property is
divided among a few. The manor belonged, at Domes-
day, to the Minshulls; went, in the time of Edward III.,
to the Duttons; returned, in the time of Henry VII., to
a junior branch of the Minshulls; passed, in the time of
Elizabeth, to F. Cholmondeley, Esq.; was after^vards
sold to Sir Richard Brooke, Bart. : and belongs now to
Henry Brooke, Esq. Minshull Hall is now a farm-house.
Lea-Green Hall was a raaasion of the Vcrnons. passed to
the Crewcs, and i.s now a farm-house. The living is a
vicarage iu the diocese of Chester. Value, £108.* Pa-
tron, H. Brooke, Esq. The church is a brick iedifice,
of nave and aisles, with a tower; was reoently restored,
at a cost of about £800; and contains monuments to tlie
Minshulls, the Cholmondeleys, and the Wades. There
are an endowed school with £15 a-year, and some
charities.
MINSHULL-VERNON, a village and a township in
Middlewich parish, and a cbapelry partly also in Nant-
wich parish, Cheshire. The village stands on the river
Weaver, near the Northwestern railway, 3^ mOes S by
W of Middlewich; is a scattered place; and has a station
on the railway. The township contains also the village
of Bradfield-Green, and comprises 2,753 acres. Real
property, £4,866. Pop., 402. Houses, 63. The manor
belonged anciently to the Vemons; passed to the Odlin-
tons, the Actons, the Earl of Bradford, Mrs. Ann Smith,
the Pulteneys, the Earl of Darlington, and W. Rigby,
Esq.; and, with Norfield Hall and Erdswick Hall, be-
longs now to Lewis Loyd, Esq. Huigrave Hall was
formerly the seat of the Hulgraves; passed to J. F.
France, Esq. ; and is now a farm-house. The chapelry
was constituted in 1840, and is sometimes called Leigh-
ton -cum -Minshull -Vernon. Post-to^vn, Middlewich.
Pop., 619. Houses, 103. The living is a p. curacy ia
the diocese of Chester. Value, £110.* Patron, the
Bishop of Chester. The church stands at Bradfield-
Green; was built in 1854, at a cost of £1,700; is in the
early English style; and consists of nave and chancel,
with bell-turret. There are an Independent chapel and
a national schooL
MINSKIP, a township, with a village, in Aldboroiigh
parish, W. R. Yorkshire; I4 mile SW of Boroughbridge.
Acres, 1,395. Real property, £3,184. Pop., 220.
Houses, 55. The manor belongs to A. S. Lawson, Es(i.
There are a Wesleyan chapel and a national infant school.
MINSTEAD, a village and a parish in New Forest
district, Hants. The village stands 2 J miles N by W of
Lyndhurst, and 5 SW by W of Redbridge r. station; and
has a post-office under Lyndhurst, and two inns. The
parish includes the tythings of Minstead, London-Min-
stead, Cadnam, Canterton, and Fritham, and part of
Emery-Down; also the whole of Bolderwood Walk, com-
prising 5,400 acres, and the greater part of Castle-Mal-
wood Walk, comprising 3,250 acres. The total acreage,
together with that of the small extra-parochial tract of
Alumn-Green, is 12,800. Real property, £3,993. Pop. ,
inclusive of Alumn-Green, in 1851, 1,054; in 1861, 927.
Houses, 194. Pop., exc. of A.-G., in 1861, 905. The
property is divided among a few. The manor belongs to
H. Compton, Esq. A triangular stone, near Stoney
Cross, marks the site of the tree from which the arrow-
glanced that killed WiUiam Eufus. The living is a
rectory, united with the p. curacy of Lyndhurst, in the
diocese of Winchester. Value, £650.* Patron, H.
Compton, Esq. The church appears to be of the 13th
century, but has been much mutilated. Charities, £16.
MINSTER, a parish in Camelford district, Cornwall;
near the coast, 5 miles N of Camelford, and 15 W by N
of Launceston r. station. It contains part of the village
of Boscastle, which has a post-office under Camelford.
Acres, 3,222. Real property, with Forrabury, £4,123.
Ratedproperty of M. alone, £2,150. Pop., 505. Houses,
114. The property is divided among a few. The manor
was anciently called Talcarne; belonged to the Norman
family of De Bottreaux; went, in tlie time of Henry VI.,
to Lord Hungerford; passed to the Earls of Huntingdon
and to the Marquis of Hastings; and belongs now to T.
R. Avery, Esq. A castellated baronial mansion wa,s
built by William de Bottreaux, and is now representeil
by a green mound. A black priory, a cell to Tywatd-
raeth, was founded also by W. de Bottreaux ; gave rise
to the name Minster, by corruption of the word "mon-
asterium ; " and has left some vestiges. A battle between
the Britons and the Saxons is said to have been fought.
MiySTElL
351
MINSTEft-LOVELL.
in 525, at SIaui;hter-CriJ;^e ; and a stone, sm)pose<l to
b* co3imeinor.i:ive of it, aul bearing some ru'lely scnlp-
rureil chAricters, wa^ brought thence to the grounJ-f of
AVorthj-vale. Au ancient cross, embel]i.shei.l with sculp-
ture and delicate niarkin;<s, is on AVaterpit Downs. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Exeter. Value,
X22i* Patron, T. R. Avery, Es.i. The church stands
in a 5eclud-?>i nook amoui; hills, 1 mile N of Boscastle;
is an.ient but good; has lost part of its tower ; and con-
tains an old circalar"fout, and monuments to the Ren-
ders and the Cottons, There are a Methodist chapel, a
national Si-hool, and almshouses for six persons. Some
ren;ains exist of an ancient chapel.
MINSTER, a village, a parish, and a sub-district, in
Thanet district, Kent The village stands in the Isle of
Thanet, on the Canterbury and Kamsgate branch of the
Southeastern railway, at the junction of the line to Deal,
1 mile N of the river Stour, and 4 W of Famsgate; was
once a markst-to'.vTi; and has a railway station with tele-
graph, a j-ost-office under Eanisg.ite, and a fair on Palm-
ilonday. The parish contains also Brook and Way-
borough; and comprises 5,570 acres of land, and 600 of
■water. P^al property, £13,516. Pop. in 1851, 1,502;
in 1S61, 1,5S3. Houses, 251. The property is not
mnch diTided. The manor belongs to the Marquis of
Coavngham, and gives him the title of Baron. A
nunnery was found^ here, in 670, by Domneva, niece of
Egbert,' King of Kent; was placed under his daughter Mil-
dre<l as ab'r-ess over 70 nuns; was repeatedly plundered
and sacked by the Danes, particularly in 980 and 1011;
ceasal, at the latter date, to be occupied as a nunnery;
and pisse-i, with its property, to the monl'CS of Canter-
bury. Minster Court, or the Abbey, now the seat of
John Swinibnl, Esq., occupies the site of the old manor-
house, in which the monks resided who had charge of the
property; retains some portions of the old buOding, par-
ticularly one of the 12th century; and long had con-
nected with it the spicarium or great barn, 352 feet by
47, which was destroyed by lightning in 1700. Most of
the land is flat, and bears the namu of Minster Level;
but part is liiUy, and commands very fine views, both
landward and seaward. There are numerous orchards
and garlftLS. Ebbs-Fleet, in the SE, was the landing-
place of Hengist and Horsa. Roman coins were found,
about I'jiO, at Mount Pleasant. The living is a vicar-
age la ths diocese of Canterbury. Value, £740.* Pa-
tron, the Archbishop of Canterbury'. The church is
large and interesting; comprises nave, tninsepta, and
choir, with tower and spire; is early Norman in the W
end, late Norman in the nave, and early Engli-sh in the
transepts and the chou'; ha.s a triplet E window, with
clnstere-i shafts betneen the light.=;, and a Norman door
with tympanum ^\^thin the tower; and contains 18
miserere stalls, a very ancient iron-bound chest, an
arched tomb of Edile de Thorne, and traces of several
trasses. A cross originally surmounted the spire; but
was removed in 1647 by " Blue Dick," the noted Canter-
bury fanatic. There are a AVesleyan chapel, a national
school, and charities £79. The workhouse for Thanet
district also is here; and, at the census of 1861, had
411 int;;ites. Lewis, the historian of Thanet, Wliarton
the author of " Anglia Sacra," and the younger Casaubon
■were vicars. The sub-district contains five other par-
islie^ Acres, 17,063. Pop., 3,836. Houses, 750.
MIXSTER-CLOSE-PRECINCTS, an extra-parochial
pljce in Peterborough district, Northampton; within
Peterl-orough city. Po))., 233. Houses, 39.
MI.VSTER-IN-SIIEPPEY, a village, a parish, and a
sub-d;=trict inShcppey district, Kent. The village
Stan-is on the X co;wt of the Isle of Shoppey, opposite
the Nore, 3 miles E by N of Queenboroiigh r. station;
and ha3 a post-office, of the name of Jlinster, under
Sittin^r.onrne. The parish contains also tlie town of
Sheeraeis, and is studded with hamlets and habitations.
Acr>r*, 11,035; of which 2,8 15 are water. Real property,
£37.^03; of which £250 arc in fisheries. Pop. in 1851,
]1,0J2; in 1861, 15,964. Houses, •2,2:!1. The incre;wc
of pop. arose mainly from thi- Oitablisl\iin-nt of a steain-
tngiiie factoi-y, and other works, in the royal dockyard
of Shcerncss ; and so many as 12,015 of the pop. in 1861
weio in the town of Sheerness, — 1,532 on board ves.sels,
1,005 in ShceriH'.ss barracks, and 73 in the military hos-
pital. A nunnery was founded at Minster, in 675, by
Sexburg.i, widow of Eicombert, king of Kent; was en-
dowed with lands for the maintenance of 77 nuns; under-
went desolation by the Danes; was restored, for a colony
of Benedictine nuns, in 1130, by Archbishop Corboil;
had, at the dissolution, a prioress and 10 nuns; went
then to Sir Thomas Cheney; and is now represented only
by the church, and by the gate-house, the latter of com-
paratively late architecture. The general surface is a rich
expanse of corn and pasture land, with considerable ag-
gregate of market-gardens; and the coiistis botinded by
nigh clitfs, has several coast-guard stations, and com-
mands very fine views, both landward and over the es-
tuary of the Thames. An oyster fishery extends in front
along a bank called Cheney Rock; and is very produc-
tive and celebrated. The liWng is a p. curacy in the
diocese of Canterbury. Value, £169.* Patron, James
Wliitchurch, Esq. The church is that of the ancient
nunnery; consists of nave, aisles, chapel, and channel,
with a turreted tower; includes Norman portions; and
contains the tomb of a Knight Templar, said to be that
of Sir Robert de Sburland, and several other tombs and
brasses. The p. curacy of Sheemess is a separate bene-
fice. There are chapels for Independents, Baptists, Wes-
leyans. Primitive ilethodists, and lioman Catholics,
national schools at both Jlinster and Sheerness, and au
endowed school with £19 a-year. The -workhouse of
Sheppey district also is here; and, at the census of 1861,
had 107 inmates.— The sub-district contains likewise the
parish of Queenborough. Acres, 11,535. Pop., 16,937.
Houses, 2,338.
JIINSTERLEY, a village and a chapelry in Westbury
parish, Salop. The -village stands near the river Rea,
under the Stiper-Stones hills, at the terminus of the
Shrewsbury and Minsterley railway, 10^ miles SW of
Shrewsbury ; is a considerable place ; and has a post-
officet under Shrewsbury and a railway station. Acres,
with Westbury township, 11,274. Real property of Jf.
alone, £12,402; of which £4,000 are in mines. Pop. in
1851, 988; in 1861,890. Ho-ases, 178. The manor be-
longs to the Marquis of Bath. The lead mine of Suail-
beach is within the parish, and employs very many
hamls. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Here-
ford. Value, £96. Patron, the Marquis of Bath. The
church is aut)ld brick edifice, with a bell turret. There
is a free school.
MINSTER-LOVELL. a village and a parish in Wit-
ney district, Oxford. The village stands on the river
Windmsh, between two hiUs, in a sort of oasis amid a
desolate tract of country, near Wychwood forest,! \ mile
SE of Akemau-street, and 24 NW by W of Witney r.
station; was called only Minster till the time of Henry
II.; took then the additional name of Lovell, from tho
owners of the manor; and has a post-oflice under Witnev.
The parish contains also one of F. O'Connor's land-
scheme villages, of 82 cottages; and comprises 1,938
acres. Real property, £.3,054. Pop. in 1851, 450; in
1861, 586. Houses, 138. The property is much sub-
divided. The manor belongs to Lady Taunton. .\ Be-
nedictine priory, a cell to Ivry abbey in Normandy, was
founded hero in the time of King John; went, at the
suppression of alien monasteries, to Eton college; and is
now represented by ruins of a hall, with a groined and
deep-moulded porch and some other interesting detail.s,
in hiter English architecture. This place is said to be
the scene of Clara Reeve's story of the "Old English
Baron." The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Ox-
ford. Value, not reportecL Patron, Eton College. The
church is Norman and later English, — chiciform, with a
eonti-.d tower; pos.sesses many beautiful features, but was
recently in bad condition; contains a fine elfigics of
Francis Lord Eovel, who figured conspicuously in tho
time of Richard 111., and a splendid mouumont, encircled
with military troiihie.s, to the memory of Henry Heylyii,
Esq. ; and stands adjacent to the ruins of the pricry, ia
a grove.
MINSTERWORTH.
MISERDEN.
MINSTER (South). See Southminster.
MINSTERWORTH, a village and a parish in West-
bury-on-Severn district, Gloucestershire. The village
stands on the river Severn, near the Great Western rail-
way, 33 miles WSW of Gloucester; was anciently called
Mortune; is a straggling place; and has a post-office
under Gloucester. The parish comprises 1,938 acres.
Real property, £.5,691 ; of which £55 are in fisheries.
Pop., 463. Houses, 98. The property is di\-ided among
a few. Duni House is the seat of W. V. Ellis, Esq. ;
Minsterworth Court is the seat of G. S. Gracie, Esq. ;
and Hygrove belongs to C. B. Evans, Esq. There are
cider orchards. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of Gloucester and Bristol. The church consists of nave,
aisle, and chancel, with a low tower; and it formerly
had a spire, which was destroyed by lightning about 1702.
There are a national school, and charities £20.
MINSTER-YARD-WITH-BEDDERN, an extra-paro-
chial place in York district, E. R. Yorkshire; within
York city. Pop. in 1851, 1,103; in 1861, 94i. Houses,
119.
MINT (The), a rivulet of Westmoreland ; running
about 7 miles southwestward to the Kent, in the north-
ern vicinity of Kendal.
MINT, an extra-parochial tract in Bridge district,
Kent. Pop., 85. Houses, 21.
MINTERN-MAGNA, a parish in Dorchester district,
Dorset; at the source of the river Cerne, 2| miles N of
Cerne-Abbas, and 4^ E by N of Evershot r. station. It
includes the hamlets of Hartley and Tiley, and the
tything of Middlemarsh ; and its post-town is Cerne,
under Dorchester. Acres, 2,064. Real property, i\-ith
Mintem-Parva, £3,345. Rated property of M.-M. alone,
£1,776. Pop., 374. Houses, 74. The property is di-
vided among a few. Jliutera House is the seat of Lord
Difrby. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Salis-
bury. Value, £140.* Patron, H. Sturt, Esq. The
church is tolerable, has a tower, and contains monu-
ments to the Napiers. Charities, £18.
illNTERN-PARVA, a tything in Buckland-Newton
jiarish, Dorset; \ a mile S of Mintern-Magna. Pop., 130.
MINTING, a village and a parish in Horncastle dis-
trict, Lincoln. The village stauds on an affluent of the
river Witham, 5J miles NE of Bardney r. station, and
54 NW by W of Horncastle; and has a post-office under
Horncastle. The parish comprises 2,543 acres. Real
property, £3,493. Pop., 422. Houses, 95. The pro-
perty is much divided. The manor belongs to Robert
Vyner, Esq. Minting Lodge is a chief residence. An
alien priory of Benedictines stood here; was given, at
the suppression of alien monasteries, to the Carthusians
at Mount Grace; went afterwards, by exchange, to the
Dean and Chapter of Westminster; and passed to the
Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. The living is a rectory
and a vicarage in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £437.*
Patron, St. John's College, Cambridge. The church con-
sists of nave, N aisle, and chancel, with bell-turret; and
is in good condition. There is a parochial school.
MINTLYN, a parish in Freebridge-LjTin district,
Norfolk; adjacent to the East Anglian' railway, 24 miles
E by S of Kings-Lynn. Post-town, Lynn. Acres, l,10n.
Ileal property, £985. Pop., 46. Houses, 4. The pro-
]ierty belongs to R. Bagge, Esq. The living is a dona-
tive, not in charge, in the diocese of Norwich. The
church is in ruins.
MINTON, a township in Church-Stretton parish, Sa-
lop: 3} miles SW of Church-Stretton. Pop., 125.
AUNTY. See MiXEXv.
MINT-YARD, a liberty in St. Wilfred parish, E. R.
Yorkshire; within York city. Pop., 90. Hou.ses, 12.
MINVER (St.), a parish in Bodmin district, Cora-
wall; on the coast, 3.i miles NW by N of Wadebridge,
and 12i NW of Bodmin-Road r. station. It is cut into
two divisions, Highlands and Lowlands. Po=it-town,
Wadebridge, Cornwall. Acres, 8,633; of which 1,105
arc water."" Real property, £8,278. Pop. of the H. div.,
in 1831, 7.'i7; in 1861, 626. IIou.se.s, 117. The de-
crease of pop. arose from the discontinuance of mining
cpemtions, and from emigration. Poj). of the L. div.,
in 1851, 468; in 1861, 48.5. Houses, 116. The manor
was known, at Domesday, as Rosminver; and belonged to
Bodmin priory. St. Miuver House, Trevclvir, and Tre-
wornon are chief residences. A creek comes up the SE
boundary, and has a quay for the shipment of corn. A
copper mine was formerly worked. The living is a vi-
carage in the diocese of Exeter. Value and patron, not
reported.* The church stands in the H. div; and has a
tower, with a lofty spire. Two chapel.s of case, called
St. Michael's and St. Enodoc's, are in the L. div. There
are chapels for Quakers and Wesleyans, and charities,
£22.
MINWERE, a parish in Narberth district, Pembroke;
on the East Cleddau river, 44 miles WSW of Narberth,
and 5 S of Clarbeston-Road r. station. Post-town, Nar-
berth. Acres, 1,957. Real property, £1,035. Pop.,
99. Houses, 16. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to
the p. curacy of Slebech, in the diocese of St. David's.
MINWOHTII, a hamlet in Curdworth parish, War-
wick; on the Binningham and Fazeley canal, 34 miles
NW by W of Coleshill. It has a post-office under Bir-
mingham, and an Independent chapel. Acres, 1,550.
Reaf property, £3,045. Pop., 319. Houses, 71.
MIRCOTT, a hamlet in Childs-Wickham parish,
Gloucester; 6i miles WNW of Chipping - Campden.
Pop., 98.
MIREDEN. See Meeidek.
MIRFIELD, a small town, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict, in Dewsbury district, W. R. Yorkshire. The town
stands on the river Calder, the Ijiverpool and Leeds
canal, and the Lanca-hire and Yorkshire and the North-
western railways, 24 miles SW of Dewsbury; is partly
situated on an eminence, commanding extensive views ;
consists largely of modern houses; carries on extensive
manufacture of woollen cloths, cottons, carpets, and
blankets ; docs considerable business also in malting,
machine-making, boat-building, and in the working of
corn-mills and fulling and scribbling mills ; and has a
post-officej under Normauton, a railway station with
telegraph, several inns, gas-works, a churcii, six dissent-
ing chapels, an endowed school with £56 a-year, two
boarding-schools, a Moravian seminary, and charities £6.
The church w^rs rebuilt in 1826, and retains the tower of
a previous edifice. The dissenting chapels are for Inde-
jiendeuts, Moravians, Wesleyans, Primitive ^letaodists.
New Connexion Methodists, and United Free Method-
ists.— The parish contains also the village of Hopton;
comprises 3,390 acres; and, till 1261, was part of the
parish of Dewsbury. Real property, £25,730; of which
£897 are in mines, £39 in quarries, and £786 in the
canal. Pop. in 1851, 6,966; in 1851, 9,263. Houses,
1,968. The increase of pop. arose mainly from the estab-
lishment of several new woollen mills. The landed pro-
perty is divided chiefly among six. The manor belongs
to the trustees of the Savile estates. There are several
collieries. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Ripon. Value, £242. Patron, J. Ingham, Esq. The
p. curacies of Hopton and Battyeford are separate bene-
fices, with separate churches. Another cliuroh, called
St. Saviours, was built in 1SC5, at a cost of £1,927; is iu
the early English style; and contains 500 sittings, all
free. An Independent chapel and a national school are
in Hopton and Battyeford. The sub-district is conter-
mlnate with the parish.
MIRJIAlTD. a place in Upwell parish, Cambridge; 54
miles SE of Wisbeach. A small Gilbertine pviory stood
here; and was annexed, in the time of Richard I., to
Sempringham abbey.
MIROS, a hamlet in Llancgwad parish, Carmarthen-
shire; 74 miles E of Cannarthcn. Pop., 199.
illSE", or Mi.ss (The), a rivulet of P.ucks; rising in
the vicinity of Great Missenden village; .ind lunning
about 14 miles south-south-eastward, past Litlk- ilissen-
den, Amersliatn, and the Chalfonts, to the Ciilni\ 1 mile
above U.xbridge.
MISERDEX, a village and a parish in Stroud district,
Gloucester. The village stands 5 miles NNE of lirims-
combe r. station, a<id 64 NE by E of Stroud; and hxs a
post-oflice under Cirencester. The parish contains ;dso
MISKIN.
353
MISTLEY.
the hamlets of C:ony> and Snt;,Tove. Acres, 2, 43 1. Kcal
property, £3,2^6. Poi)., r'03. Houses, 105. The jiio-
pertj' is (lividfil anioni:; a few. The manor helonjjed to
the Musiirds in the time of Kinf; John; pas'^od to the
Despencers, tlie Mortimers, and others; and, with Miser-
denHouse, helonijs now to Sir John Kolt. Miserdi'n
Park is the seat of W. H. llitchock, Esq.; and Sutgrove
Honse, of D. Yamton Jlills, Esq. A castle was built
liv the Mu!v\rds in the time of King John, and the site
of it is still discernible. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of Gloucester and Bristol. Value, £500.* Pa-
tron, the Rev. Y. Mills. The church comprises nave,
aisles, and chancel, with a monumental chapel and a
low embattled tower; the chancel and the chapel were
rebuilt, and the rest of the edifice was restored, in 1866 ;
and the church contiiins a fine alabaster monument of
IGii to Sir William Sandis, a monument of 1614 to W.
Kingston, a figured tablet of 1C25 to Anthony Partridge,
aiid a curious old tombstone to some of the Wanieford
fainilv. There are a national school, and charities £18.
Ml^KIN, a hundred in the E of Glamorgan; bounded
on the £ by Caerphilly hundred, — on the" S by Dinas-
Powis and Cowbridge; and containing Aberdare pari.sh,
and six other parishes. Acres, 81,323. Pop. in 1851,
30,543; in 1S61, 57,347. Houses, 10,643.
JIISSEXDEN, a hamlet in Hitchin parish, Herts;
near Hitchin.
MISSEXDEX, a sub-district in Amersham district,
Bucks; containing the parishes of Great Mis.senden and
Lee. Acres, 6,231. Pop., 2,366. Houses, 500.
MISSENDEN (Gre.\t), a village and a parish in
Amersham district, Bucks. The village stands in a
charming valley, near the source of the rivulet Mise or
Jliss, 4^ miles NW of Amersham, and 6| NXE of
AVyci.rabe r. station; is a considerable place; and has a
post-oSce under Amersham, and fairs on Ea.5ter Tuesday
and the JLonday after Old Michaelmas day. The parish
comprises 5,731 acres. Peal property, £7,623. Pop. in
1851,2,097; in 1861, 2,250. Houses, 4^9. The property
is n.uch subdi\'ided. The manor, with Misscnden Abbey,
belongs to Mrs. Carrington. Mobwell House is the resi-
dence of T. Honnor, Esq. ; Woodlands Lodge, of J. E.
M'CVinnell, Esq.; and Hill Honse, of S. Percy, Esq. Hamp-
den House was the residence of the patriot Hampden, aud
belongs now to the, Cameron family. A cottage above the
village was long the retreat of Mr. Stephen, the brother-
in-law of Wilberforce, and his coadjutor in the struggle
Jigninst slavery. An abbey for Black Canons was founded
within the pari.-ili, in 1133, by the family of D'Oiley;
wa-s endowed, about 1293, by Admiral Sir Thomas Mis-
.scnden; becann; the projierty of the Oldliams in 17S7;
belongs now to Mrs. Carrington; and is still represented
by its cloisters, and by some sparce remains of flint walls,
at hr;r mansion of Missendon Abbey. The living is a
-.■icaragp in the diocese of Oxford. Value, £250.* Patrons,
the Trustees of J. 0. Oldham, Esq. The church is an-
cient aud cruciform, with a tower ; and contains brasses
of 1536 and 1596. There are a neat Ba[itist chapel in
the Grecian style, and charities £29. J. Kandall, the
theologian, wa-s a native.
>n.>SENDEX (Little), a village and a parish in
Wyconilie district, Bucks. The village stands on the
rivulet ilise or Miss, 2^ miles NW of Amersham, and 5J
EXK of Wycombe r. station ; aud has a post-office under
Amersham. The parish comprises 3,173 acres. Peal
property, £2,604. Pop., 1,039. Houses, 239. The
property is divideil among a few. The manor belongs to
E: rl Howe. Missenden House is the seat of J. 0. CufTe,
E.<q. : and the Abbey, of 1). Potter, Esq. The Manor
House is the rc<i lence of Mrs. Levcnthorpe. 'The living
is a vicarage, in the diocese of O.xford. Value, £280.
Patron, Earl Houe. The cluircli is plain, was repaired
ii; 1S53, and contains two brasses of the Stiles family..
Then; are two Bajitist chapels, a Wesleyan chapel, a
national s.-hool, aud charities £32.
Ml JSON, a village and a parish in the district of Dou-
exster; the village and most of the parisli in Notts, and
part of the parish in LiucoliLshire. 'I'he vill'ige stands
on the river Idle, near the Misson Levels or Car, 1.^ mile
E of the boundary with Yorkshire, 2] AVSW of the
boundaiy with Lincolnshire, and 3 ENE of Bawtry r.
station; and has a post-oflicc under Bawtry. The parish
contains ahso the handet of Newington. Acres of the
Notts portion of the parish, 6,129. Real property of the
whole, £7,893. Pop., 803. Hou.ses, 191. The area of
the Lincolnshire portion has not been separately ascer-
tained. The property is much subdivided. The manor
belonged once to Mattersey priory, and belongs now to
K. Hett, Esq. Misson Levels or Car is part of a wide
aud entirely flat plain, extending into Lincolnshire and
Yorkshire, once covered with water, and now intersected
by numerous drains or canals; and a base-line of the
Trigonometrical survey was measured on it. The li\nng
is a vicarage in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £359.'
Patron, the Lord Chancellor. The church consists of
nave, aisles, and chancel, with a pinnacled tower. There
are chapels for Wcsleyans and Primitive Methodists, and
an endowed school with £66 a -year.
MISTEKTOX, a parish in Lutterworth district, Lei-
cester; on the river Swift, 1 mile E by S of Lutterworth,
3,( EXE of Watling-street at the boimdary with War-
wick, and 4 WKW of Wolford and Kilworth r. station.
It contains the village of Walcote, and the hamlet of
Poultney ; the former of which has a post-ofhce under
Lutterworth. Acres, 3,580. Real property, £7,584.
Pop., 554. Houses, 137. The property is divided
among a few. Misterton Hall is the seat of Col. T.
Arthur. The parish is a meet for the Pytchley hounds.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Peterborough.
Value, £870.* Patron, J. H. Franks, Esq. The church
is veiy old, in tolerable condition: aud has a tower and
spire. There are a national school, and charities £32.
jnSTEKTON, a village, a township, a parish, and a
sub-district, in the district of Gainsborough and count}'
of Nottingham. The village stands on the Chesterfield
canal, 1 .J mile W of the river Trent, at the boundary
with Lincoln, aud 5 NW by N of Gainsborough r. sta-
tion; is a considerable place; and has a post-otliee under
Gainsborough.— Ihe township includes the village, and
e.Ktends into the country. Real property, £7,098. Pop.,
1,089. Houses, 250. — The parish contains also the
tov.-nsliip of West Stockwith, and comprises 5,420 acres.
Real property, £9,889. Pop. in 1851, 1,743; in ISOl,
1,627. Houses, 387. The decrease of pop. was all in
A\'est Stockwith, and arose from the migration of water-
men and rope-maker.s, occasioned by the facilities of rail-
way communication. The property is much .subdivided.
The chief landowners are the Duke of Portland, J. H.
Hill, Esq., and Misses HUl. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of Lincoln. Value, £120. Patrons, the
Dean and Chapter of Y~ork. The church was partly re-
budt in 1848; and consists of nave, aisles and chancel,
witli tower and spire. The p. curacy of West Stockwith.
is a separate benefice. There are chapels for Baptists,
Wcsleyans, and Primitive Methodists, an endowed school,
and charities £10. The sub-district contains also five
other parishes. Acres, 14,763. Pop., 3,151. Houses,
709.
MISTERTON, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in the district of Beaminster and county of Somerset.
The village stands near the Y^covil and E.xeter railway,
1 mile N of the boundary with Dorset, aud l-i SE of
Crewkerne; and has a post-office under Crewkcrue. The
parish comjiriscs 1,417 acres. Real property, .£2,923.
Pop., 588. Houses, 118. The property is mucii sub-
divided. The Manor House is the scat <if W. C. Lam-
bert, Esq. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Bath and Wells. Value, £196.* Patrons, the Dean
and Chapter of Winchester. The church is plain but
good; and consists of nave and chancel, with bell-turret.
Chaiities, £39. The sub-district contains also another
parish in Somerset, and three in Dorset. Acres, 5,180.
Pop., 1,030. Houses, 336.
!M ISTERY, a village and a parish in Tendring district,
Essex. Tlic village stands on the river Stour, and on the
Manningtree and Harwich railway, at the junction nf tlie
line to \Valton-on-t!u'-Na7e, .ind at the N bouii'Iary of
the county, ij of a mile l'".SE of Manningrrce; was
2 V
MISTLEY. THORPE, &c.
351
SriTCIIELL.
formerly called Mlstley-Thorn; commands extensive aud
beautiful views along the Stour and into Suffolk; is a
seat of petty -sessions; carries on considerable commerce
in corn, malt, and coals, from a good quay, which was
much extended in 1849; and has a post-othce under
Manningtree, and a railway station with telegraph. 1 he
parish comprises 2,115 acres. Real property, £7,565; of
which £52 are in gas-works. Pop., 1,539. Houses,
342 The manor belonged, at Domesday, to Henry de
Eamis- aud passed to the Rainsforths, the Baynings,
and others. Jlistley Hall belonged to the De Veres,
passed to the Rigbys, and to Lord Pitt Rivei-s; was sold,
with the estate around it, in 1845; and was then taken
down, to make way for e.xtensive building operations.
The living is a rectory, united with the vicarage of Brad-
field, in the diocese of Rochester. Value, £916.* Pa-
tron, the Rev. Dr. Hayne. The church was built, on a
spot* about a mUe NW of the previous church, in 1778.
Remains of the previous church, and the bui-ying-ground
connected with it, still exist. There ai-e a national
school and alms-houses.
MISTLEY, THORPE, axd WALTON RAILWAY,
a railway in the NE of Essex; from the W end of the
Harwich line of the Great Eastern at Jlistley, east-south-
eastward to Walton -on -the -Naze; with an extension
branch into junction with the Tendring Hundred.
The main line is 12 miles long; and was authorized in
1863, on a capital of £60,000 in shares, and £20,000 in
loans. The extension branch is 24 miles long; and was
authorized In 186'4, on a capital of £15,000 in shares,
and £5,000 in loans.
MIS TOR (Great and Little), two eminences in
Dartmoor, Devon; 5.^ miles ENE of Tavistock. Great
Mis Tor is one of the grandest eminences in the county;
has an altitude of 1,760 feet; presents a striking contour,
especially as seen from the N; shows breaks and protu-
berances of such a kind as might readily be mistaken for
Druidical works; is crowned by turret-peaks, resembling
structiu:es of Cyclopean masonry; has, on the top of its
highest summit, a smooth circular rock -basin, called Mis
Tor Pan, about 3 feet in diameter, and 8 inches in depth;
and is thought to have derived its name from the ancient
British god IMisor, or the moon. Little Mis Tor is a
granitic mass immediately SW of Great Mis Tor, and near
an ancient tin stream-work.
MITCH AM, a village, a parish, and a sub-district, in
Croydon district, Surrey. The village stands on the
river Wandle, near the Wimbledon and-Croydon railway,
4\ miles NW by W of Croydon; was known, at Domes-
day, as Michelham; and has a post-office under London
S, a railway station with telegraph, a police station, and
a fair on 12, 13, and 14 Aug.— The parish comprises
2,893 acres. Real property, £22,439; of which £500 are
in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 4,641; in 1861, 5,078.
Houses, 926. The property is much divided. The man-
or belongs to W. Simpson, Esq. There are numerous
mansions and villas. Mitcham Grove mansion belonged
to Lord Clive, the conqueror of India ; and was given by
him to Lord Loughborough, as a thankoffering for his
defence of Olive's policy. Mitcham l^Iauor House, now
the seat of W. Simpson, Esq., belonged once to a de-
scendant of Cranmer. Ajiother mansion was the scat of
Waldo who wrote on the Liturgy; and others were resi-
dences of Sir Walter Raleigh, Dr. Donne, Jloses Mende;;,
and Sir Julius Caesar. A curious ancient house, includ-
ing remains of a chapel, is in the village. Some hun-
dreds of acres in the parish are covered with plantations
of lavander, rosemary, peppermint, camomile, and other
aromatic plants for the use of the London perfumers and
distillers. A considerable tract also is occupied with
roses for making rose-water. The parish has been fa-
mous, during about a ccnturj', for its plantations of aro-
matic and medicinal herbs ; and the air, over much of
it, is strongly perfumed by them. Industry is carried
on in corn mills, tobacco works, bleaching-grounds, and
calico printing establishments. The living is a \-icarage
in the diocese of Winchester. Value, £450.* Patron,
W. Simpson, Esq. The church was rebuilt in 1821;
ia an edifice of brick and coiupo, in the later English
style; and has an embattled tower. There are chapel a
for Indejiendents and Wesleyaus, national and infant
schools, an endowment of £03 a-year for a Sunday school,
alms-houses for 12 aged females, and other charities
£110. The industrial school of St. Gcorge-iu-the-East,
in London, and the Eagle House lunatic asylum also are
here; and, at the census of 1861, had respectively 225
and 51 inmates. — The sub-district contains al.-io four
other parishes. Acres, 11,594. Pop., 9,381. Houses,
1,764.
MITCIIELDEAN, Mitciiell-De.vn-, or Deax-Mao-
XA, a village and a parish in Westbury-on-Severn dis-
trict, Gloucester. The village stands in Dean Forest, 1
mile E of the boundary mtli Hereford, 2 S of Illitcheldean-
Road r. station, and 5 NNW of Newnham; is an ancient
place; takes its name partly from the word "niickle" or
great, and partly from its situation in Dean forest; and
hiis a post-office, j; of the name of Mitcheldeau, under
Newnham, a good inn, a police-station, and fairs on Eas-
ter Monday and 12 Oct. The parish comprises 680 acres.
Real property, £2,037. Pop., 689. Houses, 144. The
property is divided among a few. The manor and much
of the land belong to the representatives of the late May-
nard Colchester, Esq. The Wilderness is the seat of
Mi's. H. Davis. Coal and iron ore are worked in the
neighbourhood. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of Gloucester aud Bristol. Value, £176.* Patrons, the
representatives of the late M. Colchester. The church is
chiefly later English ; was recently restored; consists of
nave, S aisle, two N aisles, chaucel, and porch, with
tower and lofty spire; and contains an ancient font, some
wall-paintings of the time of Edward IV., and several old
monuments. There are an Independent chapel, an en-
dowed school with £81 a-year, and charities £27.
MITCHELDEAN-ROAD, a railway-station near the
mutual boundary of Gloucestershire and Herefordshire;
on the Hereford, Ross, and Gloucester railway, 14 miles
W by N of Gloucester.
MITCHELDEVER, a \-iIlage, a parish, a sub-dis-
trict, and a hundre^l, in Hants. The village stands 2^
mUes SE of Mitcheldever r. station on the Southwestern
railway, and 7 NNE of Winchester; and has a post-
office imder Mitcheldever station. That station was an
important one, serving for populous places so far as 13
miles distant, prior to the opening of the Basingstoke
and Andover railway; and it has a head post-otEce.t'
The parish contains the tythings of North Brook, South
Brook, West Stratton, and Westou-Colley. Acres, 9,340.
Real property, £11,285. Pop., 1,04L Houses, 206.
The property is all in one estate; belonged anciently to
Hyde abbey at Winchester; went, at the dissolution, to
the Earl of Southampton; passed, by marriage to Wil.-
liam Lord RusseU; and went, by sale, to Sir Francis Bar-
ing, Bart. An embankment, about 100 feet high, formed
across an expanse of meadows, carries the railway in the
neighbourhood of SI. station. The' living is a vicarage,
uniled with the curacy of East Stratton, in the dio-
cese of Winchester. Value, £326.* Patron, Lord
Northbrook. The church succeeded an old one, destroyed
by fire in 1806; was built at a cost of £10,000, all de-
frayed by Sir Francis Baring; retains the tower of the pre-
vious church; and contains monuments by Flaxman to the
Baring family. There are a free school, alms-houses for 50
persons, and charities £14.^ — The hundred contains five
parishes, and part of another; is cut into two sections,
Lower and Upper; and is in Winchester division. Acres
of the lower section, 4,513. Pop. in 1851, 789. Houses,
141. Acres of the upper section, 11,107. Pop. in 1851,
1,219. Houses, 223.
MITCIIELFIELD, a place in the W of Westmore-
land; on Windermere lake, 84 miles WNW of Kendal.
MITCHELGllOVE, a hamlet in PaU-hing parish, Sus-
sex; 4^ miles ENK of Arundel. A mansion here be-
longed to the Shellcys; passed to the Duke of Norfolk;
and was rebuilt by him, in the pointed style, at a cost of
£150,000.
MITCHELL, MicnELi,, or St. Michael, a village
partly in St. Enoder parish, Cornwall; 64 miles NNE of
Truro. It is a decayed ancient borough ; it sent two
MITCIIELMERSH.
353
illTHIAN.
msm'Kjrs to parliament from the time of Edward VI.,
till disfranchised by tlie reform act ; it had long a mar-
ked, now extinct; and it has a postoftice under Ladock,
and a fair on 16 Oct. Pop., about 170.
MITCHELL-DEAN. See Mitchf.ldkan-.
MITCHELMER.SH, a village, a parish, and a sub-dis-
tr:;t, in Komsey district. Rants. The village stands near
the Andover and Southampton railway, and near the
liver Test or Anton, 3J miles N by W of Ilomsey ; and
Li5 a post-office under Romsey. The parish contains
also the hamlets of Awbridge and Braishfield. Acres,
3,&i-3. Real property, £4,733. Pop. in 1S51, 1,202; iu
1 HI, 1,099. Houses, 245. The property is much sub-
divided. Th-: scenery is beautiful. The living is a rec-
tory in the diocese of 'Winchester. Value, £550.* Pa-
tron, the Bishop of Winchester. The church stands on
an eminence; is an ancient stnicture of tlint and stone;
■was recently restored ; has a beautiful stained glass E
•window; and contains a carved oak pulpit, an early Eng-
lish font, an effigies of a knight in armour, and a tablet of
1503. The p. curacy of Braishlield is a separate benefice.
There are two Independent chapels, a Wesleyan chapel,
a national school, a parochial school, and an education
charity of £5 a-year. — The sub-district contains also five
other parishes and an estra-parochial tract in Hants,
and tivo parishes and an extra-parochial tract in WUts.
Acres, 18,427. Pop., 3,976. Houses, 862.
iUTCHEL-TROY, or St. MiCHiEL-Tp.OT, a village
and a parish in the district and county of Monmouth.
The ■village stan'is on the river Trothy, adjacent to the
3Ionmouth and Pontypool railway, 2 miles SW by S of
Monmouth; takes the latter part of its name, by corrup-
tion, from the Trothy; and has a post-oflice, called Mit-
chell-Troy, under Monmouth. The parish comprises
2,000 acres. Real property, 2,858. Pop., 385. Houses,
85. Ilie property is much subdivided. Troy House be-
longs to the Duke of Beaufort; stands by the side of the
Trcthy, under the shelter of a hill; has a huge roof; is
faid to have been built by Inigo Jones; contains some
family portraits of the Herberts, the Somersets, and
cjtheis, including one of Lord Herbert of Cherbuiy when
a boy; contains also a good specimen of Tudor ceil-
ing, a panelling of the time of James I., an old oak
chimney-piece curiously carved vith Scripture subjects,
and a suite of armour said to have been worn by Henry
V. at Agincourt, but apparently of more recent date.
The living is a rectory, united with the p. curacy of
Cwmcarvau, in the diocese of Llandaff. Value, £398.*
Patron, the Duke of Beaufort. The church is ancient,
with a tower; and was reported iu 1859 as bad. The
church_vard contains an ancient cross.
MITCH EX-HOLE, a limestone cavern in the \V of
Glamorgan; on the E side of Oxwich bav, near Pennard
Cas'.Ie. It abound-s with stalactites and with fossil bones.
MITE (The), a rivulet of the SW of Cumberiand; ris-
ing on the Screes mountain, in the neighbourhood of
Bummoor-Tarn ; and running 8 miles west-south-west-
ward along iliterdale, nearly parallel with the Irt and
the Esk, to a common estuary with these rivere in the
neii'hbourliood of Kaveuglass.
MITERDALE, the vale of the rinilet Mite, in Cum-
Iwrhnd. Its upper part is separated from Wastdale by
La;t=rbarro-.7 fell, and from Eskdale by Blcabeny-Tarn
fell; its central part, immediately below these feUs, is
crossed by the road from Sauton-Bridge to Bout and
Ulplxa; and the left side of its lower part is separated
from Eskdale by JNIunr-a-ster feU.
MITFOKD, a district and a hundred in tlie central
part of Norfolk. The district comprehends the sub dis-
tr^t of Shipdham, containing the parishes of Shipdhani,
Vestfield,Whinbergh, Lettou, Cranworth, South Burgh,
and Wood-Rising; the sub-district of Matti.shall, con-
taining the jiari.shes of Mattishall, Mattishall-Burgli,
Kasr Tuddenham, North Tuddcnham, Hockering, Yax-
licm. 'i'huxton, llardiugham, Keyinerston, and Gar-
vestone; the sub-district of Bawdeswell, containing the
I;ari.shes of Biwdeswell, Foxley, BiUinglord, P.yhuigli,
Swanton-JIorley, Spnrham, Lyng, and I'^lsing; the .sub-
disLrict of ta.st Dereham, containing tlic parishes of E;ist
Dereham, Hoe, Seaming, Wendling, Little Fransham
I.onghani, Grosscnhall, and Beetley ; the sub-district of
Litcham, containing the parishes of Litcham, MUeham,
Reeston-All Saints, Little Bittering, Kempston, Great
Dunham, Little Dunham, Great Fransham, East Lexham,
West Lexham, Rougham, Weasenham - All Saints,
"Weascnham-St. Peter, Wellingham, and Tittlcshall; and
the sub-district of North Ehnham, containing the par-
ishes of North Elmhara, 'Worthing, Brisley, East Bilney,
Stanfield, Bintree, Tu^ford, Guist, Gately, Horningtoft,
Whissonsett, Oxwick, Patteslev, and Colkirk. Acres,
105,233. Poor-rates in 1863, £16,069. Pop. in 1851,
29,389; in 1861, 23,020. Houses, 6,134. Marriages in
1863, 186; births, 817,— of which 95 were illegitimate;
deaths, 561, — of which 183 were at sges under 5 years, and
33 at ages above 85. Marriages in the ten years 1851-60,
1,804; births, S,849; deaths, 5,717. The places of
worship, in 1851, ■were 60 of the Church of England, with
12,257 sittings; 4 of Independents, with 1,058 s. ; 7 of
Baptists, with 715 s. ; 17 of Wesleyan Methodists, ■with
1,495 s.; 32 of Primitive Methodists, inth 2,086 s. ; 5 of
Wesleyan Reformers, ■with 614 s. ; and 4 of Latter Day
Saints, viith 170 s. The schools were 39 pLiblic d.ay-
schools, ■with 2,641 scholars; 61 private day-schools, ■with
1,341 s. ; 64 Sunday schools, with 2,875 s. ; and 5 even-
ing schools for adults, with 40 s. The workhouse is in
Gressenhall; and, at tha census of 1861, had 267 in-
mates.— The hundred includes less than half of the dis-
trict; most of the remainder of the district being identi-
cal ■with the hundred of Launditoh. Acres of M. hun-
dred, 33,235. Pop. iu 1851, 12,140; in 1861, 11,452.
Houses, 2,565.
MITFORD, a village, a township, and a parish, in
Jlorpeth district, Northumberland. The village stands
at the confluence of the rivers Font and 'Wansbeck, near
the Wansbeck Valley railway, 2i miles W by S of Mor-
peth; was originally called Midford; was once a market-
to\m; and has a po.st-office tinder Morpeth. — The town-
ship includes the village, and extends into the country.
Pop., 210. Houses, 35. — The pari.sh contains also the
townships of Molesden, Spittal-Hill, Edington, Benridge,
Newton-Underwood, Newton-Park, Throphill, Nunrid-
ing, Pigdon, and High and Low Highlaws. Acres,
9,595. Real property, £7,252. Pop., 646. Houses,
118. The property is divided among a few. The manor
belonged, before the Norman conquest, to the Mitfords;
passed by marriage, soon after the Conquest, to Sir
Richard Bertram ; was ravaged by the Flemish Rutars,
in consequence of Roger Bertram having joined the
barons against King John ; was forfeited in 1264, iu con-
sequence of another Bertram having rebelled against
Henry III.; passed to the Earls of Pembroke and
Athole, and to the Percys; went back to the Jlitfords in
the time of Charles II.; belongs now to Admiral Mitford;
and is associated ■with William Mitford, author of the
" History of Greece," and ■with Mary Russell Mitford,
author of "Our Village." A castle ■was built here in
1150-70, by W. Bertram; and is still represented by a
ruined massive keep, ■with two posterns, and two waggon-
headed vaults. The old manor house was buOt in 1637,
out of materials of the castle; and is still represented by
a turreled porch and some offices. The present mansion,
the seat of Admiral IMitford, is a modern edifice after
designs by Dobson. Spittal-Hill House is the seat of
the Bullock family; and occupies the site of an hospital,
founded by Sir William Bertram. Tlie living is a vicar-
age iu the diocese of Durham. Value, £100.* Patron,
the Bishop of Durham. The church stands embosomed
iu trees; is crucifonn, 109 feet long, with Norman nave,
a good Norman door, and an early English chancel; li.as
a picturesque W turret; and contains an effigies of a
Bertram.
MITFORD-BRID'OE, a place iu the S of Warwick;
on tt:o river Stour, 2 miles S of Shipston.
MITiflAN, a ehapelry in St. Agnes, Kea, Kcnwvii,
and Pcrrauzabuloe jiarishcs, Cornwall; near the co.'ist,
6.i miles NW of'lVuro r. station. It was constituted in
1846 ; and its post-town is Truro. Pop. in 1861, 2,085.
Houses, 419. Pop. of the St. Agnes portion, 1,153; of
MITRE-BRIDGE.
355
MOCCAS.
Hxe Kea portion, 131; of the Kenwj-n portion, 466. Tlie
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Exeter. Value,
£160.* Patron, alternately the Crown and the Bishop.
1'he church was huilt in 1862; and is in the decorated
English style, cruciform, with W tower and spire.
MITRE-BRIDGE, a place on the Paddington canal,
near Kensal-Green, in Middlesex.
MITTON, a liberty in Penkridge parish, Stafford; on
an affluent of the river Trent, 2^ miles WNW of Penk-
ridge.
MITTON, a hamlet, conjoint with Hardwick, in Bre-
don parish, Worcester; 2i miles NE of Tewkesbury.
MITTON, a parish in the district of Clitheroe, and
partly in Lancashire, but chiefly in \V. R. Yorkshire;
including a peninsular tract at the confluence of the
rivers Hodder and Ribble, 2J mOes SW of Clitheroe r.
station. It was once a part of Whalley parish ; and it
contains the hamlets of Chaigley, Aighton, and BaOey
in Lancashire, and the toivnships of Great Mitton, Bas-
haU-Eaves, Waddington, West Bradford, and Grindle-
ton in W. R. Yorkshire. Post-town, Clitheroe, under
Blackburn. Acres of the Lancashire portion, 5,780.
Real property, £6,726; of which £50 are in quarries.
Pop. in 1851, 1,613; in 1861, 1,500. Houses 244.
Acres of the Yorkshire portion, 12,323. Real property,
£15,476. Pop. in 1851, 2,203; in 1S61, 1,903. The
property is subdivided. The manor belongs to J. W.
Aspinall, Esq. The scenery is picturesque. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of Ripon. Value, £180.*
Patron, J. W. AspinaU, Esq. The church was built in
the time of Edward III.; belonged to Cockersand abbey;
consists of nave and chancel, with porch and low tower;
and contains efBgies and tombs of the Sherburns. The
p. curacies of Griudleton, Hurst-Green, and Wadding-
ton, are separate benefices. There are Wesleyan chapels
in Grindleton and Waddington, a national school in
Grindleton, alras-hou-ses in Grindleton and Waddington,
and charities £9 in Great Mitton.
MITTON (Great), a township in Mitton parish, W.
R. Yorkshire ; contiguous to Lancashire, 2| miles SW
of Clitheroe. Acres, 1,450. Real property, £2,537.
Pop., 184. Houses, 34.
MITTON-HEXTHORN and COLDCOTES, a towu-
ship in Whalley parish, Lancashire; at the confluence of
the rivers Hodder and RibLle, contiguous to Great Mitton
township, 2| miles SW of Clitheroe. Acres, 1,450. Real
property, £970. Pop., 62. Houses, 10. The manor,
with Mitton Hall, belongs to J. W. AspinaU, Esq. Mitton
here is often called Little Mitton. A cotton mill is at
Henthom. An inn adjoins the bridge at the communi-
cation of Great Mitton, and is much frequented by
anglers.
MITTON (Little). See the preceding article.
MIT TON (Lower), a chapelry in Kidderminster par-
ish, Worcester; containing the town, r. station, and
post-ofBce of Stourport. Acres, 861. Real property,
£10,135, — of which £313 are in canals. Pop., 2,953.
Houses, 630. The manor belongs to J. W. Craven, Esq.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Worcester.
Value, £150.* Patron, the Vicar of Kidderminster. The
church is a neat brick stnicture, has been enlarged, and
contain.s 1,090 sittings. There are chapels for Wesleyans
and Primitive Methodists, two national schools, and a
young men's reading institution, with a good library.
See Stourport.
MITTON (Upper), a hamlet in Hartlebury parish,
Worcester; f of a mile NE of Stoui-port Acres, 180.
Rc-U property, £1,176. Pop., 262. Houses, 55.
MIXBURY, a -village and a parish in the district of
Brackley and county of Oxford. Tlie village stands near
the boundary with Nortb.aniptonshire, tlie river Ouse,
and the Banbury and Buckingham railway, 2} miles SE
of Brackli-y r. station, and 6 W by S of Buckingham;
and has a post-otfice under Brackley. The parish cou-
tiiins also tlie hamlet of Fulwell and the township of
Woolaston. Acres, 2,630. Real property, £2,815. Pop.,
381. Houses, 84. The manor bidongs to Stanlake Bat-
Bon, Esq. Traces exist of an old nioated house. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Oxford. Value, |
£200.* Patron, the Bishop of Oxford. The church is
partly Norman; was recently restored, at great cost;
consists of nave, N aisle, and chancel, with a tower; and
contains monuments of the Bathursts. There are a
parochial school, and charities £6.
MIXENDEN, a village in Ovenden township, Halifax
parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 2 miles NNW of Ovenden vil-
lage. It has apost-office under Ha!ifa.x, an Independent
chapel, woreted raill.s, and a brewer v.
MIXON, a place in the N of Statford; 4i miles ENE
of Leek.
MIXON, a shoal oflF the coast of Glamorgan; 1 mile S of
Mumbles Head. The ship "Arietta" was wrecked upon
it in 1843.
MIXON, a small shoal off the coast of Dorset ; in the
neighbourhood of Weymouth.
MOAT, a hamlet in Ightham parish, Kent; 3^ miles
E of Sevenoaks.
MOAT-LANE, a hamlet in Llanwnog parish, Mont-
gomery; at the junction of the Cambrian railway with
the ilachynlleth and Aberystwith railway, near the river
Severn and the Sarn Sws Roman way, 4^ mUes W by S
of Newtown. It has a railway station ;vith telegraph,
called the Moat-Lane Junction.
MOAT (New), a parish, with a village, in Narberth
district, Pembroke; on the river Cleddau, 3^ miles NNE
of Clarbeston-Road r. station, and 7 NW by N of Nar-
berth. Post-town, Haverfordwest. Acres, 3,101. Real
propert}', £1,995. Pop., 311. Houses, 61. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. Moat House, rebuOt by
the Scourfields, on the site of a previous old mansion, is
the chief residence. There is a hill nioated by the Flem-
ings in the time of Henry 11. There is also a Roman camp.
The living is a rectorv in the dioci'se of St. David's.
Value, £130. Patron,' W. H. Scourfield. Esq. The
church is ancient but good, and contains monuments of
the Scourfields.
MOAT-QUARTER, a township in Kirk-Andrews-
upou-Esk parish, Cumberland; on the river Esk and on
the North British railway, at the boundary with Scot-
land, 3^ miles N by E of Longtown. Acres, 1,581. Pop.
in 1851, 199; in 1S61, 376. Houses, 43. The increase
of pop. was caused by the temporary employment of
labourers in the formation of the railway. Liddel-
Strength here was a strong tower, surrounded by a double
ditch; was the scene of many a desperate contest during
the Border feuds; was, at one time, taken by David,
king of Scotland, when two sons of its governor, Sir
Walter Selby, were strangled; and has left some ruins.
MOBBERLEY, a village and a parish iu Altrincham
district, Cheshire. The village stands on a branch of
the river BoUin, near the Northwich and Altrincham
railway, 3.J miles ENE of Knutsford; and has a station
on the railway, and a post-office under Knutsford. The
parish comprises 5,133 acres. Real property, £9,174.
Pop., 1,245. Houses, 262. The property is subdivided.
The manor belonged anciently to the Mobberleys, and
belongs now to the Rev. G. Mallory, R. O. Leyccster,
Esq., and M. Blakiston, Esq. A black priory was
founded here in 1206, by the Mobberleys; but was of
short continuance. M. Old Hall occupies the site of the
prior)', and is occupied by the rector. M. New Hall is
the seat of Mrs. Blakiston; Newton Hall, of G. Bird,
Esq. ; Holt House, of S. Hargreaves, Esq.; Dam-Head
of R. IloUanil, E^q. ; and Grove House, of Mr. Watkiu-
son. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Chester.
Value, £750. Patron, the Rev. R. Lloyd. The church
is ancient but good; has a tower of 1533, erected by Sir
John Talbot; comprises nave, aisles, chancel, and porch;
and contains a carved oak screen, a piscina, scdUia, a
curious old painting on wood, and a monumental tablet
to Lieut. Blakiston, who fell at Sebastopol. There are
chapels for Independents and AVesleyans, an endowed
school with £11 a-year, and charities £20.
MOCCAS, a jiarl-h in Weobly district, Hereford; on
the river Wye, 3.^ miles SW by W of Jlooihamptoii r.
station, and 0} .■^SW of Weobly. Post-town, Bredwar-
dine, under Hereford. Acres 1,163. Real property,
£1,604. Pop., 196. Houses, 36. The property is di-
MOCHDRE.
357
MOEL-IIEBOG.
yiJeJ among a few. The manor, with Moccas Court anil
much of tlic land, belonged fonnerl}' to the Vauglians,
and belongs now to Sir V. Cornewall, Bart. Jloccas
Court stajuLs on au easy xsocnt, near the ^Vye; and has
a finely vooded park, containing the largest weeping oak
in England. A large and peculiar cromlech, called King
Arthur's Stone, is on an eminence adjoining the ])ark;
includes a main stone, of elliptical form, 18 feet long,
0 feet broad, and 2 feet thick, now broken in the middle;
and originally had eleven supporting stones, some of
vhich have fallen. A small mound is n^ar the cromlech.
The living Ls a rectory in the diocese of Hereford. Value,
£\SG.* Tatron, Sir V. Cornewall, Bart. The church
is ancient, supposed to be the oldest iu the county; pre-
sents a curious and primitive appearance ; has au E apse
and a small tower; contains several monuments and tab-
lets; anil was recently in disrepair.
JIOCHDUE, a township in LlandriDo-j-n-Rhos par-
ish, Denbigh; 3j miles ENE of Ccnway. It has a post-
office under Conway.
510CHRAS, a hamlet in Llandanwg parish, Merio-
neth ; at the mouth of the river Artro, 3i miles SS\V of
Harlech.
MOCHROS, a hamlet in Llanarth parish, Cardigan;
on a small creek, 4J miles SW of Aberayron. Pop., 344.
MOCHTREF. See Moughtkey.
MOCKBEGGAR HALL, a group of broken grit stone
rocks in the N of Derby; on Stanton moor, near Darley.
Kobin Hood's stride is on its top; and traces of a Druid-
ical circle, called the Xine Ladies, are near it.
MOCKBEGGAR WHARF, a coast-sand otf the Wir-
rall shore of Cheshire ; on the S side of the Horse chan-
nel of the Mersey.
MOCKERKIN, a hamlet in Lowes-water chapelry;
Cnmberland; 5J miles S.S'W of Cockermouth. Real pro-
perty, with Sosgill, £740. Pop., with S., 296.
MODBURY, a small town, a parish, and a sub-dis-
trict, in King>bridge district, Devon. The town stands on
steep declivities, d^'scending to the bottom of a valley, 1^
mile E of the river Erme, 4.1 SSE of Ivy-Bridge r. station,
and 11| E by S of Plyuiouth; dates from remote times;
wa.s anciently called ilortberry and Motberia ; belonged,
in the time of the Confessor, to AVado; sent two merabera
to parliament in the time of Edward I., but afterwards
petitioned to be exempted from sending them on account
of poverty; was, with adjacent fielils, the scene of a san-
guinary conflict between royalist and parliamentarian
force.s when, tradition saj-s, "the streets ran blood;" is
governed by a portreeve, elected annually, and by other
officers; is a seat of petty sessions; consists chiefly of
four streets, descending the hills from the cardinal points
to a common centre at the bottom of the valley; includes
houses on the £ perched on so steep an acclivity as to
look as if they would fall down upon and overwhelm the
parts below; contains many houses with slated fronts, of
gha-stly appearance; presents, nevertheless, a singidarly
picturesque aspect, as seen from almost any neighbour-
ing point of view; is well supplied with water from three
old granite conduits; and has a post-ofHce; under Ivy-
Bridge, a good inn, a church, three dissenting chapels," a
litenm- and scientific institution, a national school, a
British school, and charities i'lS. The church is ancient,
and wjs originally cruciform; consi.sts now of nave, aisles,
and chancel, with projecting sacrarium, S porch, and \V
spire,— the la.st rebuilt about 1G21, and tapering from
the gDjiind to a heijjht of 134 feet; has a curiously
sculptured door-way in the N wall; underwent recent re-
pair in the interior; and contains monuments of the
Ciu'inpeniowu.s and the .Swctcs. The dissenting cha-
pels are for Baptists, Quakers, and Wesleyans. Tlie
litcrarv institution was founded and endowed"!!! lS40by
Jlr. Richard King, a native of the town, who acquii'ed
wealth in Ain'Tica; and it is a handsome edifice. The
I5iiti>l! scliful vas furmcrly au hidepfndo!it chapd. A
Weekly iii.irk"t is held on Thuisday; a caltle market, on
the sco.Jiid Monday of every mo!itl!; and a large fail-, on
4 -May. — The jiaiish comjirises 0,233 acres of land, and
2r. of w.itrr. Real yiroi.rity, £12,1534. Pop. ii! 1851,
l.SJS; iu ISCl, 1,021. Houses. 33S. Tlie deci-casc of
pop. arose from scarcity of emplojTiient. The manor
went from AV'ado to the Valletorts; passed to the Oke-
stoues and the Champernow!ies; was held by the latter
so early as tlie time of Edward II.; and jiassed, iu the
beginning of the ISth century, to the Lcgassickes. Jlod-
bury Court, on a hill immediately W of the town, was
theseat of the Cham])ernowues, where they lived in great
splendour; was fortilied, besieged, and cajitured at the
ti!ue of the royalist and parliamentarian conflict in 1642;.
and has been displaced by a modern house, occupied by
a maltstei. Fleet House, Ludbrook House, p.nd Whimp-
stone are chief residences. A Benedictine priory, a cell
to St. Peter-sur-Dive in Normandy, stood at Scotland farm;
was given, by Henry VI., to Eton college; and has left
some ti-aces. Sir John Fortescne, Lord Cliief Ju.stice in
the time of Henry VI., and Sir John Baker, president of
the Royal College of Physicians in the last century, were
natives The living is a vicarage, united with the cha-
pelry of Brownstone, in the diocese of Exeter. Value,
£30i;.* Pafon, Eton College. — The sub-district con-
tains also fou- other parishes. Acres, 16,103. Pop.,
3,679. Houses, 783.
MODDERSHALL, a hamlet in the N of Stafford; 2i
miles NE of Stone. It has a post-office under Stone.
MODRYDD, a hamlet iu Llanspyddid parish, Bre-
conshire ; on the river Tarrell, under the Brecknock
Beacons, 2 miles W of Brecon. Acres, 4,774. Real
propei-ty, £1,C87. Pop., 117. Houses, 20.
MOEDDYN CASTLE, an ancient canip in the "\V of
Cardigan; near the commanding, conical, anciently-
fortified eminence of Peuygaer.
MOEL, a Welsh word signifpng "fair" or "bald;"
used as a name for a smooth conical or round-topped
hill; and employed as a prefix in topogi-aphical nomen-
clature.
MOEL-AELIAU, orMoEL-EiLfO, a mountain in Suow-
donia, Carnarvonsliiie; 4^ miles NW by "W of Snowdon,
and 5 SE of Carnarvon. It rises to an altitude of 2,377
feet, overhangs Ll}-n-Dwythwch, and contains iron py-
rites.
MOEL-ARTHUR, a summit of the Clwydian hills oit
the mutual boundary of Denbighshire and Flintshire; 0
miles E of Denbigh. It rises to an altitude of 1, 491 feet ;
and is crowned with an aucient British camp, defended
by two verj' deep ditches.
MOEL-DDOLWEN, an ancient British camp in Mont-
gomeryshire; opposite Garddau camp, 7 miles W of
Llanfair.
MOEL-ENLLl, or iloEL-FrENLLi, a mountain in the
SE of Denbigh; 1.', mile SE of Ruthin. It has an alti-
tude of 1,491 feet."
MOEL-ERYR, a chief summit of the PrcceUy moun-
tains, in the N of Pembroke.
MOEL-FAJNIMAU, a mountain on the mutual border
of Flintshire and Denbighshire ; 4 mUes W by S of
jMold. It has an altitude of 1,845 feet; and is cro^vned
with the Jubilee Tower, erected in ISIO, by the gentle-
men of Flintshire, to commeinorate the 50th year of
George lll.'s reign. The tower is a pyramidal column,
150 feet high; and commands a map-like view of the en-
tire vale of Clwyd, and a vast panoramic view to CaJei"-
Idris, Snowdon, the Wrekiii, and the Cumberlaud Black
Comb.
MOELFELLIARTH, a township iu Llangadfan par-
ish, Jlontgomeiy ; 6i miles NW of Llaulair. ' Pop.,
257.
MOELFRE, a place in the NE of Carmarthen; on the
river Cothi, 6i !ni!es N of Llandilo-fawr.
JIOELFKF,, a township in Llansilin parish, Denbigh;
7.i miles SW of Chirk. I'op., 170.
MOELFRE, a hill in tlie W of Meiioueth; 2 miles SE
of Harlech Nunieious tumuli aie on its .'skirts.
MOEL-OUIDON, a mountain in the NW of Merio-
neth; near Festiniog. It is nameil fiom the c.igle; and
it has an ancient, well-preserved, triple-walkil British
caiiip.
IMOKL-IIEP.OG, a mountain in the S of Carnarvon-
shiie; 2 miles WSW of Beddgeleit. It is nanieil from
the hawk; it rises to an altitude of 2,5S4 feet- it l.a:i
MOEL-IFOR.
358
MOLD.
scarred and shattered sides; and, -when under a play of
light and shade, it presents a very grand appearance.
MOEL-IFOR, an old seat of the Gwyns, now a farm-
house, in the W of Cardigan; near Llanrhysted.
MOEr.-JIORFID, a mountain in the S of Denbigh;
4 miles NW of Llangollen. It has an altitude of 1,767
feet.
MOEL-ORTHRAVM, a mountain in the W of Jlerio-
neth; 2^ miles NE of Dolgelly, and 5i NE of Cader-
Idris. It rises to an altitude of about 1,200 feet; com-
mands such gorgeous views that tourists are recommended
to ascend it in lieu of Cader-Idris, when the latter is
clouded ; overhangs Nannau Park, the scene of Lonl
Lytton's Romance of " Arthur ; " and is strongly fortified
with a stone rampart, enclosing traces of cyttiau, and
guarded by buildings at its two entrances.
MOEL-SIABOD, a mountain in the E of Carnarvon;
24 miles SSW of Capel-Curig, and 64 E of Suowdon. It
rises to an altitude of 2,878 feet; has easy gradients up
most of the N and the \V sides; breaks precipitously
down on the E side, overhanging there the tarn of Llyn-
y-foel; commands magnificent and extensive views; and
forms a very grand feature in reaches of the scenery seen
from the E.
MOELWYN, a mountain in the S of Carnarvon; Si-
miles NW by W of Festiniog. It has an altitude of
2,566 feet; shows an interesting geognostic structure,
with prevalence of porphyries and Llaudeilo flags; has a
rugged and very broken surface on the E and the N sides,
with intermixtures of bold projection and deep coom;
and cannot be ascended without difficulty and care.
MOEL-Y-DOLWEN, an ancient camp in Montgomery-
shire; in the valley of the Eira, 8 miles '^^ of Llanfair.
It has an oblong form, and is about 300 feet in length.
MOEL-Y-DOX, a ferry on the ilenai strait; near the
Britannia bridge. Part of Edward I.'s army crossed it,
by a bridge of boats, in 1232; and suffered a severe de-
feat from the Welsh.
MOEL-Y-GAER, a summit of the Halkin mountains
in Flint; 4 miles NNW of Mold. It has an altitude of
1,050 feet, and is crowned by a well-preserved ancient
British fortification, circuliir in form, 588 feet in diameter,
and surrounded bv a rampart.
MOEL-Y-MWNT. See Mount.
MOEL-Y-WYDDFA, the highest peak of Snowdon,
in Carnarvonshire. It is the highest ground in Wales,
higher than a.ny in F.ngland; has an altitude of 3,571
feet; and bears on its top the mark of the ordnance sur-
vey. Its name signifies "the conspicuous summit." See
Snowdon.
MOFONIOG, a township in Llannefydd parish, Den-
bighshire; on the river Elwy, 54 miles NW of Denbigh.
MOGGERflANGER, or Mugreehanger, a village
and a chapelry lu Blunham paiish, Beds. The village
stands 1 mile SSW of Blunham r. station, 1| mile W of
the river Ivel, and 44 NW by N of Biggleswade; and
has a post-office under St. Neots. The chapi.dry contains
also the hamlet of Charlton, and was constituted in 1860.
Pop., 503. Hou.ses, 96. Moggerhanger House is the
seat of F. Dawkins, Esq. The living is a p. curacy in
the diocese of Ely. Value, £100. Patron, F. Daukius,
Esq. Tiie church was built in ISCl, by the late Mrs.
Dawkins, as a memorial to her deceased husband, the
Rev. E. H. Dawkins; is in the early Norman style, of
Kempston stone and Silsoe red sandstone, with pillars of
Ancaster stone; consists of nave, aisles, transepts, and
apsidal chancel, with a central tower; and contains a
splendid brass monument to tho Rev. E. II. Dawkins,
over his remains.
MOl.NS COURT, a quondam seat of the Bishops of
Llandaff in the SE of Monmouth; 2 miles SW of Chep-
stow.
MOIR.\, a village in Ashby-de-Ia-Zouch parish, Derby;
adjacent to tlie Leicester and Burton railway, and to tho
Asliby-de-!a-Zouch canal, lij mile E of the boundary with
Derby, and 3} WSW of Ashby-de-la-Zouch. It has a
station on the railway; and many of its inh.ibitants are
emi)loyed in coal mines. The property around it belongs
• to the Alanjuis of Hastings.
ItlOLASH, or Moldash, a village and a parish in
East A.shford district, Kent. The village stands among
hills, 34 miles WSW of Chilham r. station, and 6 N by
E of Ashford; is a small straggling place; and has a post-
office under Ashford. The parish comprises 1,449 acres.
Real property, £2,277. Pop., 328. Houses, 70. The
property is divided among a few. The manor belongs to
C. Hardy, Esq. The great wood, called King's Wood
and Challock Wood, lies to the S. The living is a p.
curacy, annexed to the vicarage of Chilham, in the dio-
cese of Canterbury. The church consists of aisle and
chancel, is good, and has an ancient font. Charities, £9.
MOLD, a town, a town,ship, a parish, a sub-district,
and a hundred, in Flint. The town stands in a fertile
hollow, on the river AljTi, and on the line of railway
from Chester to Denbigh, in the centre of a rich mineral
region, near the N end of the Halkin mountains, 1 J mile
W of Wats dyke, 4 E by N of the Moel-Faramau summit
of the Clwjdian hiUs, and 104 W by S of Chester; con-
sists chiefly of four long streets, at right angles to one
another; and has a head post-office,J designated Mold,
Flintshire, a railway station, two banking-offices, a hotel,
three bridges, a court-house or shire hall, a recent
market-house, a church, dissenting chapels, national
schools, and charities £93. The court-house is a neat
recent edifice ; and was buOt after designs by Jones of
Chester, at a cost of about £3,000. The church is
mainly of the latter part of the 15th century ; has a S
aisle and a tower of later date; was recently restored and
altered, under the direction of the architect Scott, at a
cost of about £2,000; has windows of veiy rich and
varied stained glass; and contains monuments of Bishop
Warton Davies of Llanerch, and Dr. Wynn of Tower,
and the grave of Wilson the painter. An ancient castle
stood on Bailey hill, Yr Wyddgriig, or " the Conspicu-
ous," at the top of the town; is said to have been built
by Eustace de Cruer; was stormed and taken in 1144, by
Owen Gwynedd; was destroyed by Owen Glendower; was
soon afterwards rebuilt; was taken in 1267 by a Welsh
force, and again in 1322 by Sir Griffith Llwyd; was
again restored; became the property of the Monaltos,
who took their name from " mons altus," or " the high
hiU " on which the castle stood; passed from them to the
Stanleys; and was found, not many years ago, to inhume
several skeletons, which were sujiposed to be those of
persons who had fallen in the a 11 ray of 1322. A spot,
about a mile to the W, called Alaes-y-Garmon, was the
scene of a battle in 448, when the Britons under Ger-
manus gained the "Victoria AUeluiatica " against the
Saxons and Picts; where a stone column was erected in
1736, to commemorate that victory; and where a gold
corslet, 3 feet 7 inches long, was found in 1833. Rhual
House, adjacent to that battlefield, is a gabled structiu'e
of the 17th century, belonged to the Grilfith family, and
is now the residence of Col. Phillips. A weekly market
is held in the town on Saturday ; fairs are held on 13
Feb., 21 March, 12 May, 2 Aug., and 22 Nov. ; industr)'
is carried on in cotton and woollen mills; and much
trade exists in connexion with numerous neighbouring
collieries. The town is the head-quarters of the county
militia, and a seat of sessions and assizes; and, in con-
sequence of the removal to it of the assizes and county
business, it is now, for all ]iractical purposes, the capital
of Flintshire. It also, by the reform act, was made a
borough, to unite with Flint, Holywell, Caergwrle,
Caorwys, Overton, Rhuddlan, and St. Asaph, in sending
a member to parliament. Real property, £8,793; of
which £2.'<0 arc in mines. Pop. in 1851, 3,432; iu 1S61,
3,73.^. Houses, 797.
The township is contcrminatewith the borough. — The
parish contains also the to^vnships of Ardclynwcnt,
Argoed, Bistree, Broncoed, Gwernafield, Gwsaney, Harts-
heath, HendreliiU'a, Lecswood, Llwynegrin, and Nercjuis,
and the chapelry of Tryddyu. Acres, 18,104. Real
property, £.">!, 414; of ^^hich £15,433 are in mines,
£1,0U0 in ironworks, £ZS iu quarries, and £2S8 in gas-
works. Pop. in 1S51, 10,fe03; in 1861, 12,216. Hnuse.s,
2,569. Tower, Nerquis-Iiall, Gwsaney, llartsheath, and
Pentre are old seats. Tower stands IJ mile i> of the
MOLD AND DENRIGIl IIAILAVAY.
MOLLAND.
town: was the scene of a horriJ tragedy iu 1405, done
by Keiaalt fp Gryfyi'ul; belonged, for a cousidornble
time, to the Wynnes; passed to the Eytons; is a tail
ma.hiooluted and embattled tower of the early part of
the loth oentuiy, with a dwelling-house of the time of
Queen Anne on one side; and lius, at the SE angle, an
itterior circular turret staircase, leailing to the roof.
Nenpiis Hall was built b}' one of the Wynnes iu 1638,
and is now the seat of the. Kcv. Lloyd "Wynne. Many
ai-res of land here, previously of small value, were planted
with different kinds of trees by the late Dr. Tha'jkeray
of Chester. There are numerous tumuli. The. living is
a vicarage in the diocese of St. Asaph. Value, £Z-22.*
Patron, the Bishop of .St. Asaph. The p. curacies of
Bistree, Gwernaficld, Nerquis, Trj-ddyn, and Pont-
BlyJdj-n are separate benefices. — The parish, as assessed
for poor-rate purposes, excludes the townsiiip of Nerquis
and the chapehy of Tryddyn. Acres, 12,270. Pop. in
1661, 10,209. — ^The sub-district excludes only Tryddyn
chapelry, but includes all Cilceu parish; and is in the
•district of Hoh-well. Acres, 20,95-3. Pop., 11,719.
Houses, 2,4S0." — The hundred contains Mold and
Hawarden parishes, and part of Gresford. Acres, 3G,379.
Pop. in 1S51, 17,364; in 1S61, 19,517. Houses,
4,0o0.
MOLD AND DENBIGH JUNCTION EAILWAY, a
railway in Flintshire and Denbighshire; from the end of
the ilold branch of the Chester and Holyhead railway at
>IoId, west- north-westward, to the Vale of Clwj-d line at
Denbigh. It was authorized in 1801, on a capital of
£125,000 in shares, and £41,000 in loans; and was to be
IS miles long. But the company was empowered in
1S65 to abandon a portion, to make several deviations,
to construct certain new line.'--, and to raise a further
capital of £100,000 in shares, and £33,000 in loans.
MO[.,DASH. See Mol.a.sh.
MOLD-&I!EEN, or Mould-Greex, a hamlet and a
chapelry in Kirkheaton jiarish, W. B.. Yorkshire. The
hamlet is in Dalton township; fonns a popxilous suburb
of Huddersfield, on its NE side; has a post-office + under
Huddersficld; is controlled by a local board of health,
established in 1S5S; has gas-works and extensive chemi-
cal works; and cai'rie.s on cotton-spinning, doubling, and
bleaching, and the manufacture of fancy woollens,
dresses, and other fabrics. The chapelry was constituted
in 1S63. Pop., about 3,600. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of lUpon. Value, £6G. Patron, the
Picctor of Kirkheaton. There is a Wesleyan chapel.
MOLE (The), a riviilet of North Devon; rising under
Span Head, near the boundary with Somerset; running
about 10 miles soutkward, past North Jlolton and South
Moltoii, into confluence with the Bray at Saterleigh;
■whence the united stream goes 4 miles southward to the
Taw at Newnham-Bridge.
ilOLE (The), a river partly of Sussex, but chiefly of
Surrey. It is formed by the union of several runnels,
issuing from the forest of Tilgate; acquires appreciable
voiuLiie within Horlcy parish, on the S border of Surrey;
runs thence north-westward to the vicinity of Dorking;
filters tliere one of the defiles of the great barrier downs
which extend across Surrey; traverse.^ a romantic reach
tiirough that defile, and ]iast the foot of I'oxhill; and
proceeds northward, past Lcatherhead, with circuitous
detour round Cobham, and p;tst the vicinity of Esher, to
the Thames opposite Hampton-Court, its length of
course is about 30 miles. Slilton calls^it the "Sullen
3I.>le; " Thomson calls it the " Silent Jlole;" and Spencer
•sjieaks of it as
•■■ Mole, that like a nou^linjr nuple doth make
His way still undt-r^jruuiid, till Thames he o'ertake."
MOLE-COr. Sec Mow Cop.
MULEHILL-CUKEN, two jilaecs in Essex; resjiec-
lively 3', miles S\V of liraintree and 4.', NW of Dunmow.
MOLES! 'l;OFT, or Jloscr.orr, a township in Beverley-
St. John parish, E. 11. Yorkshire; 1 mile N \V of Ijcverlcy.
Acres, 1,230. Ke.al property, i:2.!i99. I'op., 143.
JIoiKcs. 33.
MOLESDEN, a town^!li]l in Mitl'ord I'aii.sh, Northum-
berland; 3i miles WSW of Morpeth. Pop., 47.
Houses, 8.
MOLESEY, or Moulsey (E.\st>, a village and a par-
ish in Kingston district, Surrey. The village stands on
the river Mole, at its influx to the Thames, and at
Hampton -Court r. station, opposite Hampton -Court
palace, 2i miles WSW of Kingston; takes its name from
a quondam "eye" or island in the Jlole, — Moles-Eye;
is a scattered and rapidly increasing place; and has a
post-olKoe under Kiugston, London, SW. The parish
comprises 730 acres. Kcal property, £7,023. Pop. in
1851, 765; in 1861, 1,563. Housesj 237. The increase
of pop. arose mainly from the purchase of an estate by a
Freehold Land Society, and from the erection upon it of
about 150 houses. The manor belongs to Lord Hotham
and Lady Berkeley. Numerous villas and other genteel
houses stud the outskirts of the village and the banks of
the Thames. That river abounds here in the beautiful
wiUow-shaded " aits ; " and a level meadow along its side,
between East iMolesoy and West Molesey, bears the name
of Molesey Hurst, is famous in the aunals of the prize-
ring, and contains the race-course of Hampton races.
The press which printed the celebrated Mar-prelate
tracts about 1588, called by Fuller the "vagabond press,"
was first set up at ilolesey. A large com and saw mill
is on the Mole. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese
of Winchester. Value, £157.* Patron, King's College,
Cambridge. The church is later English, -n-ith large
wooden belfry; comprises nave and chancel; and con-
tains a curious brass of Stauden, cup-bearer of James I.
A section of the parish, called St. Paul's or Kent-Town,
was constituted a separate charge in 1856, and had a
pop. of 887 in 1861; and the living of it is a p. curacy,
of the value of £100,* in the patronage of F. J. Kent,
Esq. There are a slightly endowed national school,
alms-houses, and charities £104.
MOLESEY, or JIoulsey (West), a village and a par-
ish in Kingston district, Surrey. The village stands
near the river Thames, 1^ mile W by N of Hampton-
Court r. .station, and SJ W by S of Kingston; is a small
but pleasant place; and has a post-offic^e under Kingston,
London, SW. The parish comprises 650 acres. Ileal
property, £2,824. Pop., 459. Houses, 98. The property
is divided among a few. The manor belongs to Lord
Hotham and Lady Berkeley, ilolesey Grove was, for
many ye.ars, the residence of the Right Hon. J. WUson
Croker. There are several other good re,sidences, and some
market gardens. The living is a p. curacy in the dio-
cese of Winchester. Value, £100.* Patron, Mrs.
Croker. The church was rebuilt in 1S43, and enlarged
in 1860; retains the tower of a previous edifice; com-
prises N aisle, and chancel ; and contains a later Eng-
lish font. Charities about .£30.
MOLESWOllTH, a parish, with a village, in the dis-
trict of Thrapston and county of Huntingdon; adjacent
to Northamptonshire, 54 miles ESE of Thrapston r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Thrajiston. Acres, 1,710. Real pro-
l)orty, £1,755. Pop., 2.';6. Houses, 57. The property
is much subdivided. The manor bidongs to J. Welstead,
Esq. A tract in the N is called Molesworth Wold. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Ely. Value, £280.*
Patron, the Bishop of Chester. The cliurch is early Eng-
lish ; and consists of nave and chancel, with a tower.
Charities, .£27.
MOLFIiE, a hamlet in Llandefeilog pari.sh, Cannar-
thcn; 4i miles N of Kidwelly. Pop., 217.
MOLFIiE, a township in Llangwm parish," Denbigh ;
14 miles SW of Kuthin. Pop., 83.
]\[OLL,'\.XD, a parish, with a scattered village, in
So\ith Jlolton district, Devon; near the boundary with
Somerset, 6.]; miles EN'E of South Molton, and 134 NE
of Eggesford r. station. Post-town, South Molton,
North Devon. Acres, C,1C8. lieal property, £3,427.
Pop., 598. Houses, 96. 'J'lie manor belonged to the
Bottrcaux family; is sometimes called MoUand-Bottreaux;
pas.sed to the lltiugcrfords, the Courten.ays, and the
Tliroikmorfons; and belongs now to Sir W. Throrkmor-
ton. Hart. West Molland, about a mile from the village,
is a line ohl niaii-,inn. About 1,703 acres are moorland
MOLLINGTON.
MOLTON (South).
or coinmon. A copper miiio was woiked to the depth of
about 70 fathoms, and was abandoned; and a new one has
been worked to the depth of about 26 fathoms. An an-
cient camp is under Holland Down. The living is a vi-
carage, annexed to the vicarage of Knowstoue, in the dio-
cese of Exeter. The church is later English; comprises
nave, N aisle, and chancel; contains monuments of the
Courtenays, and one of the Rev. D. Berry; and was re-
cently in a very dilapidated condition. There are cha-
pels for Wesleyans and Bible Cliristians, an endowed
school with £20 a-year, and charities £41.
MOLLINGTON, a chapelry in the parish of Cropredy
and counties of Oxford and Warwick; IJ mile N\V of
Cropredy r. station, and 4| N by W of Banbury. Post-
town, Cropredy, under Banbury. Acres of the Oxford
portion, 1,200. Eeal property, £2,377. Pop., 234.
Houses, 53. Acres of the Warwick portion, 620. Pop.,
138. Houses, 34. The living is a p. curacy in the dio-
cese of Oxford. Value, £120.* Patron, the Bishop of
Oxford. The church is early English; comprises N aisle
and chancel, with a tower; and was recently restored.
There are a Primitive Methodist chapel, an apprenticing
fund, and a small charity.
MOLLINGTON, a railway station in Cheshire ; on
the Chester and Birkenhead railway, 24 miles NNW of
MOLLINGTON - BANASTRE. See Mollingto.v
(Little).
MOLLINGTON (Gkeat), or M.-Tarra>jt, a town-
ship, with a strawling village, in Backford parish, Che-
shire; on the Ellesmere canal, and on the Chester and
Birkenhead railway, at Molliugton r. station, 2.i miles
NNW of Chester. Acres, 821. Real propertj-, £1,296.
Pop., 186. Houses, 30. MoUington Hall is the seat of
John Feilden, Esq.; and stands in a beautiful park, with
a fine sheet of water.
MOLLINGTON (Little), or M.-Banastre, a town-
ship in St Mary-on-the-Hill parish, Cheshire; 1 mUe
SW of Mollington r. station, and 2 NW of Chester.
Acres, 243. Real property, £555. Pop., 29. Houses, 5.
MOLLINGTON - TARRANT. See Mollixgto.v
(Great).
MOLOSBURY niLL, an eminence in the N of Beds;
2 miles NNE of Bedford.
MOLSCROFT. See Molescroft.
MOLS-CROFT, or Moulus-Croft, a place in the SW
of Herts; 4^ miles NW of Rickmansworth.
MOLTON, a hamlet in Llancarvaa parish, Glamor-
gan; 4|^ miles SE of Cowbridge.
MOLTON (North), a village and a parish in South
Molton district, Devon. The village stands partly on a
hill slope, partly in a valley on the river Mole, 3^ miles
NNE of South Molton, and 11 NNE of South Jtolton-
Road r. station; takes its name from the Mole, by cor-
ruption of JIole-Town; consists of close-built thatched
houses and white-washed cottages, with a few respectable
dwellings; was once a market-town; and has a post-office
under South Molton, North Devon, and cattle fairs on
the Wednesday after 12 May and the last Wednesday
of Oct. The parish contiius also the hamlets of Heas-
ley, Ben-Twitchen, Flitton, Higher Fyldon, Lower Fyl-
don, Upoott, and Walscott. Acres, 14,351. Real pro-
perty, £12,619. Pop. in 1851, 1,982; in 1861, 1,842.
Houses, 378. The decrease of pop. was caused partly by
the removal of wool-combers, consequent on the closing
of a factory. Court House, an old ivied mansion, be-
longed formerly to the Earl of Morlcy, belongs now to
Lord Poltiiiiorc, and is the re.-iidenct; of ilr. Stranger.
Court Hall, also an oM ivied mansion, is an occasional
residence of Lord Poltimore. Brinsworthy House has
been the residence of the ilerson family for upwards of
two centuries, -anil contains ancient carved furniture.
The scenery throughout the parish, and around it, up to
the skirts of Exmoor, is picturesque. A cop[)er mine is
on the Court Hall estate. The jiarish is a meet for the
North Devon houinLs. A remarkably .jo}'ous demonstra-
tion was made at the villa;;e in July 1856, on occasion of
the celebration of peace. The living is a vicarage, united,
with the p. curacy of Twitohcn. in the diocesc! of Exeter.
Value, £110.* Patron, Lord Poltimore. TJie church
is ancient; consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a
tower nearly 100 feei/high; was restored in 1849; and
contains a finely carved oak pulpit, an octagonal font,
a richly decorated screen, and monuments of tliu Bamp-
fyldes and the Parkers. There are chapels for Indepen-
dents and Wesleyans, a national school, an almshouse
with £5 a-year, and charities £41.
MOLTON (Sotrrn), a town, a parish, a sub-district, a
district, aud a hundred, in Devon. The town stands on
rising-grouud, on the right bank of the river Mole, 8 f
miles NNE of South Molton-Road r. station, and 11.^
ESE of Barnstaple. Its name is taken from the Mole,
but was anciently written Sew-Molton. The manor,
prior to the Norman conquest, belonged to the Crown ;
was held, in the time of Edward I., by Lord Martyn,
under the Earl of Gloucester, by the service of providing
a man with a bow and three arrows to attend the Earl
while hunting in the neighbourhood; passed to Lord
Audleigh; and reverted, in the time of Richard II., to
the Crown. The town sent merabereto parliament once
in the time of Edward I., but never sent any again. It
was incorporated in 1590; got a renewal of charter in
1684; and, under the municipal reform act, is governed
by a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors. It
consists of several streets, with well-paved caiTiage-ways,
and flagged footpaths ; enjoys a plentiful supply of water
from public conduits; and presents a clean aud pleasant
appearance. A one-arched bridge crosses the river, and
was erected after the destruction of an old one bj' a flood
in Oct. 1841. The guild-hall stands in the Square; is a
commodious building; and is used for municipal busi-
ness, and for petty sessions, quarter sessions, and county
courts. The borough jail stands in East-street, and has
capacity for 4 male and 4 female prisoners. The mar-
ket-hall was built in 1810; and the upper part of it be-
came appropriated to the mechanics' institute, established
in 1856, aud including a reading-room and a library. A
large block of buildings, comprising market-house, as-
sembly-rooms, aud other apartments, was erected in 1864,
under the superintendence of Mr. Cross of Exeter. The
freemasons' hall, in New-road, was built in 1846, at a
cost of about £450. The parish church is later English;
consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with massive pin-
nacled tower; was restored in 1865, at a cost of about
£3,000; and contains a richly-carved stone pulpit, and
many handsome monuments. There are chapels for In-
dependents, Baptists, Wesleyans, Bible Christians, Ply-
mouth Brethren, and Latter Day Saints. The free
school was founded by Hugh Squier, Esq., has an en-
dowed income of £40, and had Judge Buller for a pupil.
The blue-coat school was founded in 1711, and has an
endowed income of £115. The national school, for boys
and girls, is in Back-lane, and has an attendance of about
100. The workhouse was erected about 1838; and, at
the census of 1861, had 73 inmates. The total of en-
dowed charities is about £630. The town has a head
post-office, designated South Molton, ^'orth Devon, a
banking-office, and two chief inns; is a polling-pl.aoe
and the place of election for North Devon; and iigurcd
as a great stage on the main road from Somerset to
Barnstaple in the old coaching days, but has sulTered
some decline of importance since the formation of rail-
wavs. A general weekly market is held on Saturday;
small markets, for meat, are held on Tuesdays and Thurs-
days; great markets are held on the Saturday after 12
Feb. and 25 March, and the Saturday before 23 April,
1 Aug., 10 Oct., and 12 Dec. ; and fairs are held on tho
Wednesday before 22 June, and the Wednesilay after 26
Aug. The manufacture of woollens is carried on in two
establishments; and there are tanneries in the town, and
limestone and flag.-.tone works in the near neighbour-
hood. Samuel Badoock, a leanied dissenting ministiT,
originally a butcher, was a native. The town aud tlie
parish are regarded as couterminate. A.;rcs, 6,264. Real
jiroperty, £15,414; of which £60 arc in quarries, and
£110 in gasworks. Pop. in 1351, 4, 132; in 1S6I, 3,830.
Houses, ¥67. The living is a p. curacy in the dioces.!
of Exeter. Valm;, £239.* I'atron;, the Dean aud
MOLTOX (South) ?.0XD.
361
MOXK-HESLETON'.
Canons of AVintlsor. A chapel of ease, rebuilt in 1776,
Is at Hoiiiton-P.arton.
Tlie sub-ilistrict contains also tlie parishes of Twitchen,
North Slolton, Charles, East BucklanJ, West Buckland,
Finoigh, and Cliittlehampton. Acres, 39,877. Pop.,
8,603. Ilouses, 1,862.— The district comprehends also
the sub-district of Chulmleigh, containinj,' the parishes
of Chuluilcigh, Cheldon, West Worliugton, East Wor-
lington, BurrinLcton, Warkleigh, &itteileigh, Jleshaw,
Roiuansleigh, Kings-Nympton, and George- Nyiupton;
and the sub-dLstrict of Witlieridge, containing the par-
ishes of Witheridge, Kackenford, Creacombe, Kuowstone,
Rose-Ash, Mariansleigh, Bishops-Nympton, ilolland,
We.^t Anstey, and East Anstcy. Acres of the district,
123,233. Poor-rates in 1S63, ;C8,6-t6. Pop. in 1851,
20,566; in 1861, 19,209.' Houses, 3,955. Marriages in
1S63, 134; births, 611, — of which 42 were illegitimate ;
deaths, 324, — of which 101 were at ages under 5 years,
and 10 at ages above 85. Marriages in the ten years
1851-60, 1,325; births, 6,077; deaths, 3,523. The
places of worship, in 1S51, were 31 of the Church of
England, T\-ith 8,840 sittings; 7 of Independents, with
1,260 s.; 3 of Baptists, with 300 s.; 14 of Wesleyans,
with 1,792 s. ; 15 of Bible Christians, with 1,2S4 s. ; 3 of
Brethren, with 400 s.; 1 undefined, with 17 attendants;
and 1 of Latter Day Saints, with 50 at. The schools
were 31 public duy-schools, with 1,758 scholars; 37
private day-schools, with 735 s. ; 39 Sunday schools,
with 2,678 s. ; and 1 evening school for adult's, with 13
s. — The hundred contains fourteen parishes. Acres,
63..310. Pop. in 1851, 9,770; in 1361, 9,092. Houses,
1,844.
IMOLTON (South) ROAD, a railway station in Devon;
on the North Devon railway, 11 miles SE by S of Barn-
staple. ,
itOLYNEUX-BROAV, a railway station in Lancashire;
on the JIanchester and Bury railway, il mOes NW by
N of M;:nchester.
MOXA. See Akgleset.
MONA CASTLE, a quondam seat of the Duke of
Athole, now a hotel, in the Isle of JIan; on Douglas bay,
f of a mile NN E of Douglas. It was erected in 1802.
MOXACHLOGDDU, a parish in Xarberth district,
Pembr.'ke; under Precelly mountain, at the head of
East C'leddau river, OJ miles N of Narberth-Koad r. sta-
tion, and 9,i N of IS'arberth. Post-town, Haverfordwest.
Acres, 6,166. Peal property, £1,364. Pop., 471.
Houses, 107. The property is much subdivided. Much
of the land is waste. The living is a p. curacy in tlie
diocese of St. David's. Value, £129. Patron, Lord
Milford.
MUXACHTY, a hamlet in Llanegwad parish, Car-
niarthen.shire; 74 miles E of Carmarthen. Pop., 275.
JIOXA MINE. See Amlwch.
MONARCH ISLE, an islet in the S part of AVindcr-
inere lake, in Westmoreland.
MONAUGIITY, a place 4^ miles from Knighton, in
Radnor->hire; with a post-ofKce under Shrewsbury.
MONCKTON, Devon, Durham, and Kent. See Mo.vic-
TON.
MONCKTON, or St. Nichol.-vs, a parish in the dis-
trict and county of Pembroke; on the Pcml)roke creek of
Milford Haven, .1 a mile W of Pembroke. It is divided
into JI. -Within and M.-Without; and is partly within
Pembroke borough. Post-town, Pembroke. " Acres,
4,620; of which 360 are water. Real property, £6,245 ;
ot wliich £426 are in quarries. Pop. of JI, -Within, or
til.? pai-t within Pemhioke borough, in 1S51, 877; in
1861, 1,011. Houses, 19.x Pop. of M.-Without, in
ISol, COS; m 1S61, 697. Houses, 140. The increase of
pop. aro.se mainly from the extension of government
work.s. The cliurch is l.jh'ral.le. See Pf.muiioke
MONCKTON-Jil.-^HOP. See Bishop-Monktox.
.M OSV IvTOX-COM B E. See Co.m lu:- Mo.nckto v
ilUNCKTON-DEVliRILL. See D£vti:ii.i.-Mo.N-cK-
TO.V.
MONCKTON-FARLEIOH, ie. See Mo.NKr..N--F.vi;-
LEIGH, &i:
MONCKTOX-Ur-W LMi;( JUNE. See CR.\.Ni:oi:Nr..
MONDAY-DEAX'-BG'n'OM, a place in the S of
Bucks; 2 miles NW of Great Marlow.
MONEWDEX, a parish, with a village, in Plomesgate
district, Suffolk; near the river Deben, 4i miles AVNW
of Wickliam-Market, and 4^ W by S of Parham r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Wickham - Market. Acres, 1,083.
Heal property, £1,923. Pop., 223. Houses, 30. The
niauor belongs to C. Austin, Esq. The living is a rec-
tory in the diocese of Norwich. Value, £290. * Patron,
A. Arcedcckne, Esq. The church has a tower, and con
tains a brass of 1595.
MONEY BERRY, a place in Aldbury parish, Herts,
3i miles NE of Tring.
MOXGEUAM (Great), a village and a parish in
Eastry district, Kent. Tlie village stands 2 miles WSW
of Deal r. station; takes its name, by corruption, fioni
Monkham, signifying "Monks village;" was, in the
time of Henry III., a considerable market-town; retains,
in its centre, a space called the market-place; and has a
post-office under Deal, and a fiur on 29 Oct. The parish
comprises 874 acres. Real property', £3,103. Pop.,
349. Houses, 84. The property is much .subdidded.
The manor belonged anciently to Saint Augustine's,
Canterbury. Some remains e.xist of an ancient mansion
of the Crayfords. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of Canterbury. Value, £469.* Patron, the Archbishop
of Canterbury. The church is mainly early English ;
has a lofty tower of later date, covered with ivy, and com-
manding an extensive view; was recently restored by
Butterfield; and contains interesting sedilia and piscina.
MONGEHAM (Little), a parish in Eastry district,
Kent; 2J miles WSW of Deal r. station. Post-town,
DeaL Acres, 1,160. Real property, i'2,384. Pop.,
133. Houses, 28. The manor was given, in 760, by
Aldric, king of Kent, to St. Augustine's, Canterbury.
The living is a rectory in the diocese of Canterbury.
Value, £350.* Patron, the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Only the foundations of the church now exist.
MONGEWELL, a parish in the district of Wallingford
and county of O.xford; on the river Thames, at the
boundary with Berks, 1| mile S of Wallingford and 2.i
NNE of Wallingford- Road r. station. Post-towu, Wall-
ingford. Acres, 1,638. Real property, £2,086. Pop.,
177. Houses, 34. The manor belonged, at Domesday,
to Roger de Lacy. Mongewell House was formerly the
seat of Dr. Barrington, and is now the seat of Lady
Price. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Oxford.
Value, £370.* Patrons, Trustees. The church is a
neat building; and contains a monument to a Saunders,
and a tablet to the wife of Bishop Barrington.
MONIXGTOX, a township in Vowchurch parish,
Herefordshire; 10 miles WSW of Hereford.
lilOXINGTOX"', a jiarish in the district of Cardigan
and county of Pembroke; near the coast, 3 miles SW of
Cardigan r. station. Post-town, Cardigan. Acres, 1,010.
Real property, £750. Pop., 120. Houses, 19. An an-
cient family of tlie same name as the parisli long resided
here. The living is a vicarage, annexed to the vicarage
of St. Dogmatls, in the diocese of St. David's.
MOXIXGTOX- UPON -WYE. See Monxington--
upon-W'ye.
IMONK-BRETTOX. See Bketto.n" (JIoxk).
MOXK-CONISTOX. See Contstox (JIoxk).
MOXKEN-HADLEY. See H.\uley, Middlesex.
JIOXKEY ISLAND. See Br..A.Y.
MONK-FRYSTOXE. See Fuvstoxe (JIoxk).
MONK-HESLETOX, a village, a township, and a
parisli, in Easington district, Durh.im. Tlie village
."stands on the side of a deep wooded valh'y, li mile from
the sea, 2.^ E by X of Castle-Edeu r. station, and 5| XW
of Hartlepool. The town.ship comprises 2,4.'i3 iiens of
land, and 4S4 of water. Real }irojierty, £2,729; of which
.tlO are in qu.irries. Pop. in 1851, l,40."i; in 1S61,
1,533. Hous.;.s, 303. — Tlie jiarish contains also the
townshij) of Iluttou-Heiiry, and that of Slieraton-v.itli-
HuImui. I'ost-towu, Caslle-Edon, under Ferry-ilili.
Arr.s, 7,180. Real pmperty, .i'6,104; of which J:19t
■••.n- in railways, roj., in 18V.1, 2,709; in 1861, 2,077.
Ili>u->cs, 421. The derrcise of pop. was chiefly ia
MONKHILL.
362
MONKS-KIRBY.
Hatton-Henry, and .arose from cessation of work at a
coal mine. Part of the property belongs to K. Bunion,
Esq. of Castle-Eden. Hardwicke Hall is a chief resi-
dence. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Durham.
Value, £323.* Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Dur-
ham. The church is ancient but good, and has a bell-
turret. There is a national school.
MONKHILL, a township in Pontefract parish, W. R.
Yorkshire; on the E side of Castle-hill, adjoining Ponte-
fract. Acres, 4. Pop., 66. Houses, 14. The Grange
of St. John's priory was formerly here.
MONK-HOPTON. See Hopton (Monk).
MONKHOUSE, an extra-parochial tract in Belford
district, Northumberland. Pop., 6. House, 1.
MONKLAND, a parish, with a village, in Leominster
district, Hereford; on the river Arrow, 2| miles SW by
W of Leominster r. station. Post-town, Leominster.
Acres, 1,079. Real property, £2,035. Pop., 211.
Houses, 48. The property is subdivided. The manor
belongs to G. Bengough, Esq. A Benedictine priory, a
cell to Conches abbey, in Normandy, was founded here,
in the time of William Rufus, by Ralph Toni; and was
given, at the suppression of alien monasteries, to the
Dean and Canons of Windsor. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Hereford. Value, £250. Patrons, tlie
Dean and Canons of Windsor. The church is early Eng-
lish; the chancel was rebuilt in an ungainly manner, in
1825; the nave was repaired in 1853; and the entire
fabric, at a cost of about £1,000, was restored in 1865.
There are a national school, and charities £5.
MONKLEIGH, a village and a parish in Bideford dis-
trict, Devon. The village stands on high ground, above
the river Torridge, 3 miles N W by W of Torrington, and
4^ S by E of Bideford r. station; belonged to Montacute
monastery; and took thence the name of Monkleigh, by
corruption of Monk-Leasne. The parish comprises 2,177
acres. Post-town, Torrington, North Devon. Real pro-
perty, £2,369. Pop., 627. Houses, 125. The pro-
perty is divided among four. The manor passed by pur-
chase, after the Reformation, to the Coffins. Anuery
House, a fine mansion overlooking the picture.=;que vil-
lage of Wear-Giflford, belonged formerly to Chief Justice
Sir W. HanTcford, and belongs now to Mrs. Tardrew.
Petticombe is the seat of J. S. Willett, Esq. There is a
large earthenware manufactory. The living is a vicar-
age in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £150.* Patron,
J. S. Willett, Esq. The church is ancient, in fair con-
dition ; has a S aisle belonging to the Anuery estate, and
rebuilt in 1829; and contains a screen, two brasses, a
monument to Sir W. Hankford, and a tablet to Major
A. S. Willett who served and died in the Crimea. There
are a Wesleyan chapel, and a national school.
MONKMOOR, a hamlet in Salop; on the river Severn,
2 miles NE of Shrewsbury.
JIONKNASH, a parish in Bridgend district, Glamor-
gan; near the Nash light on Bristol channel, 6 miles SW
of Cowbridge r. station. Post-town, Bridgend. Acres,
1,534; of which 260 are water. Real property, £1,769.
Pop., 121. Houses, 16. The property is divided
among a few. The manor was given, by Richard de
Grenville, to Neath abbey. There are ruins 'of a monas-
tic barn and other buildings. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of LlandalT. Value, £67. Patron, J. B.
I'lTce, Esq. The church is good.
MONK-OKEHAMPTON. See Okehasiptox (Mo.vk).
:M0NKR1DGE-\VARD, a townshij) in Elsdon parish,
Northumberland; on the river Reed, 7 miles NE of Bell-
iugham. Acres, 5,451. Pop., 8S. Houses, 16. An
old mansion here wa-s the seat of the De Lisles, and is
now a farm-house.
MONKS, a place in the N of Worcester; 2 miles E by
S of Kidderminster.
?tIONKS I5AY, a cove on the SE coast of the Isle of
Wight; IJ mile E by N of Ventnor. It was the lauding-
jjlacft of one of the three detachments of the French in-
vading force in 1515.
MONJCS-COPPEKHALL. See Copi-esiiali,.
MONKSEATON, a township in Tyncmouth parish,
Northumberland ; 24 miles NNW of North Shields.
Acres, 1,110. Pop., 421. Houses, 80. The manor be-
longs to the Duke of Northumberland. The .stump of au
ancient cross, called the Monk's stone, is here; and a
gallows of the prior of Tynemouth stood near it. There are
a Wesleyan chapel, a liyrgo brewery, and several coUierics.
MONKSrELEIGH, a village and a parish in Cosford
district, Suffolk. The village stands near the river
Brett, 21 miles SW of Bildeston, and 5J NW of Had-
leigh r. station; and has a post-otiioe under Ipswich.
The parish comprises 2,099 acres. Real property, £4,550.
Pop., 678. Houses, 160. The property is divided
among a few. The manor belongs to the Dean and
Chapter of Canterbury. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of El}'. Value, £570. * Patron, the Archbishop
of Canterbury. The church is a neat building, with a
fine tower. There are an Independent chapel, a national
school, and charities £12.
MONKS-GROVE, a seat in the NW of Surrey; under
St. Anne's Hill, i a mile \V^ of Chertsey. It took its
name from a cell of the Chertsey monks.
MONKS-HEATH, a hamlet in Alderley parish, Che-
shire; 5i miles W of Macclesfield.
MONii-SnERBORNE. See SnEr.BOENE (Monk).
MONKS-HORTON. See Hoetok, Kent.
MONKSILVER, a village and a p.wish in Williton
district, Somerset. The village stands 3 miles W of
Willitou r. station, and 6J N by W of Wiveliscombe;
and has a post-office under Taunton. The parish con-
tains also the hamlet of Woodford, and comprises 1,005
acres. Real property, £1,528. Pop., 304. Houses,
62. The manor belongs to T. B. Notley, Escj. The liv-
ing is a rectory iu the diocese of Bath and ^V''ells. Va-
lue, £300.* Patrons, the Dean and Canons of Windsor.
The church comprises aisles and chancel, with porch and
tower. There is a national school.
MONKS-KIRBY, a township in Lutterworth district,
and a parish partly also in Rugby distiict, all iu War-
wickshire. Tlie township lies adjacent to the Fosse way,
2 miles NE by E of Stretton r. station, 2:j- SW of Wiit-
liug-street at the boundary with Leicestershire, and 6
NNW of Rugby; and has a post-oftiee under Lutter-
worth. Pop., 596. Houses, 134. The parish contains
also the hamlets of Pailton, Stretton-under-Foss, New-
bold-Revel, and Copstou-Magna in Lutterworth district,
and the to^vnship of Easenhall iu Rugbv district. Acres,
9,640. Real property, £14,388. Pop. in 1S51, 1,899; in
1861, 1,931. Houses, 429. The manor was known at
Domesday, as Chirchbcrj'e; was given, bj' William the
Conqueror, to Geoffrey de Wirce; was given by him to
the monks of Anglers in Normandy, who then founded
here a cell of their abbey; took thence the name of
Monks-Kirby; was given by Richard II. to Thomas
Mowbray, in e.xchange for Epworth priory; passed, in
the time of Henry VIII., to the Duke of Suffolk; went,
by sale, to Lord Feilding: and has descended to the Earl
of Denbigh. Newnham-Paddos, a handsome mansion, is
the Earl of Denbigh's seat; and contains a choice collec-
tion of family portraits and works of art. Townthorn is
the seat of W. Jackson, Esq., brother of the late Ameri-
can general, Stonewall Jackson; and stands on au emi-
nence, with an extensive view. Street-Aston House and
Newbold-Revel also are chief residences. A jilace called
Cloudesley-Bush, on the W sMe of the Fosse way, taken
its name from having a mound reputed to have been the
burial-place of a Roman soldier called Claudius ; and
numerous Roman relics, including bricks and substruc-
tions, have been found. TheliWngis a vicarage, united
with the vicarage of Witliybrook and the p. curacy of
Copston-JIagna, in the diocese of Worcester. Value,
£300.* Patron, Trinity College, Cambridge. The
church was built, on the situ of an older one, by Geoffrey
de Wirce ; was rebudt by the Duke of Suffolk, of the
time of Henry VIII.; consists of nave, aisles, and chaji-
cel,\vith pinnacled tower; contains several ancient raouii-
meuts of the Feildings; and, iu 1S67, was likely to be re-
stored. Another church is iu Copston-Miigna; aiid is a
modern edLtiee, in the Norman stj'le. There are also,
within the parish, a school-church, an In lependout cha-
pel, two Baptist chapels, a national school, a grinin».i.r-
MONKSrATH.
363
MOXMOUTH.
school, another school with £30 a-year fi-oir. endowment,
and charities £32.
MONK-SOHAM. See Soham (:\[onk).
MOXKSPATH, or JIonks-Riding, a hamlet in Tan-
worth parish, Warwick; J a mile NW of Tanworth vil-
laL;p. Keal propertj-, £175. llonkspath Hall is the seat
of AV. S. Colmore, Esq.
MOXKS-RISBOROUGH. See Risborcugii (Moxk-s).
ilONKS-KISBUIOGE. See Risbridge (Mo.n'ks).
MO.NKS-SHERBORNE. See Siieubor.ve (JIo.vk).
ilONKSTHORPE, a hamlet in Great Steeping parish,
Lincoln; S\ miles SE of Spilsby. Pop., 54.
JIOXRSTON. See JIo.nxton.
MONK-STREET, a place in theNWof Essex; 1 rnQo
S of Thaxted.
MONKSWOOD, a parish, formerly extra-parochial, in
Pontypool district, ilonmouth ; near the river Usk, and
near tUe Slonmonth and Pontypool railway, 2i miles
KW of Usk r. station. Post-town, Usk, under New-
port, Monmouth. Acres, 1,P.30. Keal property, £1,022.
Pop., 179. Houses, 87. The propertj' is all in one
estate. The living is a p. cui-aoy in the diocese of Llan-
daflr. Value, £80. Patron, the Duke of Beaufort. The
church is good.
MONK'i'OX, a parish in Honiton district, Devon; on
the river Otter, 2 miles NE of Honiton r. station. Post-
to«-n, Honiton. Acres, 1,233. Real property, £1,333.
Pop., 126. Houses, 21. The manor belongs to R. S.
Gard, Esq. Tho living is a p. curac)', annexed to the
vicarage of Colyton, in the diocese of P^xeter. The
church was rebuilt in 1803; is in the early English style;
iind contains 145 sittings.
MONKTON, a hamlet in Hedworth, Jlonkton, and
Jarrow tovinship, Jarrow pai-ish, Durham; 2 miles S\V
of JaiTOw. It has a post-ofLce under Gateshead; itcom-
jietes with Bede's Hill and with Sunderland the claim of
being the birthplace of the Venerable Bede; and it has a
sjiring, called Bede's Well, which was long a superstitious
re.sort, for the benefit of diseased or infirm children.
.MON'KTON, a village and a parish in Thanet district,
Kent. The village stands near the Canterbury and
Rainsgata raOway, 1 J mile N of the river Stour, 2 WN W
of Miustcr r. station, and 6 J "W of Rarasgate; was once a
market town; is a scattered place; and has a post-office
under Kamsgate, and fairs on 22 July and 11 Oct. The
parish comprises 2,346 acres. Real property, £5,550.
Pop., 374. Houses, 83. The property is divided among
a few. The manor was given in 916, by Queen Ediva,
to Christ Church, Canterbur}', "to feed the monks." A
fishery and a saltern were here at Domesday- The liv-
ing is a rtcarage, united with the p. curacies of Birch-
iiigton and Acol, in the diocese of Canterbury. Value,
£670.* Patron, the Archbishop of Canterburj'. The
cliurch is ancient but good, with a tower; includes fiag-
meuts of all architectural ))eriods; appears, from exterior
arches in tlieN wall, to have once been larger than now;
and contains a verj' fiue bra.53 of a priest of 1 450. There
arc a national scliool, and cliaiities £20.
MilNKTON, Pembroke. See Mokckton-.
iMONKTON-BlSHOP. See BisHOP-M...vKTnN-.
MON'KTON-FARLEIGII, a parish, with a %-illage, iu
Bi-adf",'rd-ou-Avon district, Wilts; adjacent to the river
-ivon, the Great Western railway, and the boundary with
Somerset, 34 miles N\V by N of Bradford r. station. Post-
town, Bradford-on-Avon. Acres, 1,796. Real property,
£2,967; of which £203 are in quarries. Pop., 352.
Houses, 73. The minor belongs to the Bishop of Salis-
bury. A Cluniac priory, a cell to Lewes abbey, was
I'.jundcd here, in 1125, by Hiim)ihrey de Bohun; was
given, at the dissolution, to the Seymours ; and has left
some traces. Monkton-Faileigh House was erected nut
of materials of the priory; occupies part of its site; be-
longed, for a time, to the f.iiuily of Long; and has re-
verted to the Bislion of Salisbury. An exuuisitely
wofkvd silver seal, s^iipposi'd to have been that of the last
prijr, was found in the vi^'inity. The living is a rectory
in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £196.* Ration, the
Bi.'-liop of Salisliiiiy. The church coiuiuises reifut nave
aud chancel and an old tuwer. There is a fuel allotineut.
MONKTON-FORT, a stronghold on the coast of
Hants; at the extremity of Stokes bay, facing Spithead
anchorage, 1 mile S of Gosport. It consists of a scries of
bomb-proof batteries; mounts 47 hea\-j' guns; and forms
one of several very strong defences of Port.smouth harbour.
MONKTON-MOOlC'ivilkge, a township, and a par-
ish in Great Ouseburn district, W. K. Yorkshire. The
village stands on the river Nidd, near Marston-Moor,
li mile N by W of itarston r. station, and 6 XW by W
of York. The township comprises 3,110 acres. Keal
property, £4,412. Pop., 254. Houses, 51.— The parish
contains also the township of He.ssay; and its post-town
is Marston, under York. Acres, 4,230. Real property,
£6,038. Pop., 331. Houses, 79. The property is sub-
divided. The manor, with Red House, belongs to Sir
Charles Slingsby, Bart. Red House was built in the time
of Charles I., by Sir Henry Sling.sby; and commands an
extensive view, inclu'ling York city and minster. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of York. Value, £S91.
Patron, tho Lord Chancellor. The church is an ancient
structure, v/ith a brick tower; and was reported in 1859
as not good. There aie a AVcsleyan chapel and a Church
school.
MONKTON-NU^"', a village and a parish in Great
Ouseburn district, W. R. Yorkshire. The village stands
at the confluence of the rivers Oiise and Nidd, near the
Great North of England railway, 3 mUes N by W of
Marston r. station, and 7 NW of York; is a pleasant
place ; and has a post-office under York. The parish
comprises 1,692 acres. Real property, £2,840. Pop., 323.
Houses, 85. The manor, with a seat calleil the Priory,
belongs to Isaac Crawhall, Esq. A Benedictine niui-
nery was founded here, in tho time of Stephen, by Wil-
liam de Arches. The living is a p. curac)' in the diocese
of York. Value, £100.* Patron, L Crawhall, Esq. Tho
church belonged to the nunnery; retains a vevy fine Nor-
man W door-way; and has a bell-tunet. There are a
Wesleyan clia))ol, an endowed school with £36 a-year,
and charities £10.
MONKTON-TARRANT. See Tark.vnt-IMoxckto.v.
MONKTOiV (West), a village and a parish in Taun-
ton district, Somerset. The village stands on a -spur of
the Quantock hills, 2 or 2^ miles N cf the Bridgewater
canal, the Bristol and Exeter railway, and the river Tone,
and 34 NE by N of Taunton ; and has a post-olhce, of
the name of Monkton, under Taunton. The parish cc:;
tains also the hamlets of Bathpool and Gottoi:. Acres,
3,079. Real property, £8,538. Pop., 1,153. Houses,
248. The property is subdivideiL The manor belongs
to Jliss Warre. Moukton House is the seat of Capt.
Shuldham; Walford House, of R. K. M. King, Esq.;
Court Place, of J. A. Kinglake, Esq.; Sidbrook House,
of R. Hedley, Esq.; Spnnglield House, of ilrs. Sweet;
and Creech barrow, on the Tone, of Captain Beadon.
M.any spots command splendid views. There are
several quarries, and considerable flour mills. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Bath and Wells.
Value, £700.* Patron, the Rev. W. C. Kinglake.
The church is later English, simple but very symmetrical;
and consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a lower.
There are a national school, alms-houses with i:45 a-ycar,
and other charities £6.
iMONK-WE.UmOUTH. See ■VV::.vn.MouTii (.Monk).
]\ION'K-ZEAL. See Ze.vl-JIonacU'jilu.m.
ilONMOKE GREEN, a railway station iu Stallbrd;
on the Walsall and Wolverhampton laihvay, 2 miles E
of Wolverhampton.
MON.MOUTlI.atowu.a parish.asub-distriet, and a dis-
trict, in Moniiu.uthsliire. Tlie town stands at tlucontluewce
of the rivers Monuow and Wye, i a mile N of the mouth
of the Ti-dtliy, and at the terminus of the Pontypool and
Monmouth branch of the \\'(:st Midland railway, l^ mile
W of the boundary -.vith Glonccster-^hire, 2| S of the
boundary with Herefo.-dshirc, 13.^ Eof .Vbeigavcnny, and
129 WAW of Lonilon. It takes its name Irom its posi-
tion at the mouth of th'' Mouuow; but it was anciently
called Abermynwy, Tietynwe, and .Mongwy, with re-
lercnco also to tlio Wye. It is supposed to occu[)y the
site of the Roman station lUesliuni, lui-ntioncd by An-
MONMOUTH.
361
MONMOUTR
tonine ; and a Romaa way went from it to Usk; yet
scarcely any Roman antiquities have been found on or
near its site. It was a place of considerable importance
in the time of the Saxons; and appears to have been
fortified by them, to maintain their acquired territory
between the Severn and the Wye. It certainly had a
castle at the Norman conquest; and it fijjured, in con-
ne.^on with that stronghold, in gieat subsequent events.
The manor, in the Siixou times, belonged to the Crown;
was given, at the Conquest, to the Fitz-Baderons ; re-
mained in their possession for about two centuries; passed
afterwards through various hands, including the Her-
berts, Earls of Pembroke; and came to the Dukes of
Beaufort. The castle surmounted an eminence over-
hanging the Monnow, in the northern outskirts of the
town; was burnt, in the time of Heniy III., by Simon de
Montfort; was soon afterwards rebuilt; went to Edward I.,
to his brother Edmund, to John of Gaunt, and to Henry
IV. ; appears to have been restored or rebuilt by John of
Gaunt; was constructed of red gritstone, with walls
from 6 to 10 feet thick, filled up in the interstices with
pebbles and cement, as directed by Vitruvius ; was the
birthplace of Henry V., "Harry of Monmouth," the
hero of Agincourt; acquired, from that event, a celebrity
competing with even imperial Windsor; stood entire,
but dilapidated, in the time of Leland; has been allowed
to pass into a state of fragmentaiy ruin, with miserably
conditioned interior ; retains an interesting portion, with
the birth-chamber of Henry V., which also is crumbling
away ; retains also a conspicuous portcullis, figuring in
vie^vs over many miles distant; and incloses a seat of the
Beauforts, built out of its materials in 1673. Henry V.'s.
birtli-chamber was part of an upper story, 58 feet long
and 21 feet wide; and was decorated with ornamental
pointed window."!, only one of which now remains. The
alleged cradle of Henry V., and the alleged armour which
he wore at Agincourt, are preserved in the neighbouring
mansion of Mitchel-Troy; but they bear e\"ident marks
of being of a considerably later period than Henry V.'s
The town was anciently fortified witli walls and a moat;
and it was taken and garrisoned by the parliamentarian
forces after the battle of Marston-moor. The walls were
entire, but dilapidated, in the time of Leland; the moat
also was entire ; and there were four gates, called Monks-
gate, Eastern - gate, Wye-gate, and Monnow-gate or
Western-gate. Three of the gates and much of the moat
have now completely disappeared.
A Benedictine priory was built adjacent to the site of
the parish church, in the time of Henry I., by Wyhenoc,
grandson of Fitz-Baderon, and third lord of Monmouth;
and was a cell to the monastery of St. Florence, near
Salmur in Anjou; and is supposed to have been the
place where Geoffrey of Monmouth, author of a romantic
history of England, was educated. Geoti'rey was a native
of the town ; was sometimes called GallVidus Arthurius,
by'latinizing of his proper name Geoffrey -ap- Arthur;
became bishop of St. Asaph in 1152; and, in order to
'pursue his studies unmolested, resigned his bishopric,
and retired to the monastery of Abingdon, of which he
was made abbot. His history of England is thought to
have been a disguised and altered transcript of a history
written, in the 7th century, by Tyssilio or Teilau, bishop
of St. Asaph ; was long regarded as of much value, on
account of its antiquity; has been generally pronounced,
since the time of Camden, little else than a collection of
fables, or at best traditional talcs ; and is notable
chiefly as the source of the histor}' of King Lear in
Spencer's " Fairy Queen," the materials of Shakespear's
tragedy of "King Lear," and the beautiful fiction of
" Sabvina " in Milton's " Comus." A tower of the priory,
in very good preservation, still stands; is now used as a
national school; and contains an apartment with decor-
ated oriel window, reputed to have been Goolfrey's study,
but evidently of a later date. The town numbers also,
among its native.^, the bi.shop John of Monmouth, the
monk Thomas of Monmouth, the theologian Hopkins,
and the first J)uke of Lancaster Henry Plantagenet; and
it gave the title of Duke to James, illegitimate son of
Charles II., notable for his disastrous rebellion against
James II., and known among his followers as King Mon-
mouth.
The body of the town stands at a little distance from
the site of the original seat of popul.ition; occupies a
tongue of land at the confluence of the ilonuow and the
V.'ye; looks, as seen from the Monnow, to be perched on
an eminence. Hanked by a high cliff; appears, as seen
from neighbouring high grounds, to be situated in the
centre of a luxuriant vale, surrounded by hills of various
altitudes, of undulating contour, and much beautified
with wood; and, as seen from most adjacent places, is
distingmshed by the finely tapering spire of St. ilary's
church, soaring high above the other buildings. It con-
sists chiefly of one main street, e.xtending from the
market-place, called Agincourt-square, northeastward to
the Monnow ; and of several smaller streets, diverging
from the main one. The main street is long, spacious,
and well-paved ; and e-xhibits an irregularity in its house
architecture, which both pleases the eye and speaks of
antiquity. The streets leading toward the Wye contain
some good blocks of houses; suburban extensions have re-
cently been made beyond the Monnow; and many parts
have amenities of garden and orchard. The lofty hill
Kymin, contiguous to the E side of the Wye, forms a
great attraction both to the inhabitants and to strangers;
commands a magnificent view over parts of nine counties;
and is crowned by a pavilion built in 1794, and by a
naval temple built in 1801, designed to accommodate the
numerous parties who visit the hiU to enjoy the view.
The pavilion is a clumsy structure, little worthy of its
splendid site; and the naval temple measures about 13
feet by 12, is ornamented on the cornice with busts of
distinguished naval oflicers, contains an old carved chair
used by Nelson during a visit in 1802, and is now falling
into decay. A very remarkable Druidical altar, called
the Buckstone, stands on the edge of a lofty precipice
about a mile from Kymin hill; has an irregular form,
somewhat resembling an inverted pyr.imid ; measures
about 2 feet square at the bottom, 17 feet on the N side,
12- feet on the S side, and II4 feet in height; has the
properties of a logau or rocking-stone; and commands a
good and extensive view, terminated by the Welsh
mountains.
Monnow bridge, over the Monnow on the road to
Eaglan, is a venerable three-arched stracture of 1272;
and is surmounted by a gatehouse, called the Welsh gate,
a formidable defence of the town in the old times,
pierced with two side passages, and now presenting a
very pictxiresque appearance. Another bridge, a wooden
one, called Tibb's, crosses the Monnow ; a stone one, on
the road to Gloucester, crosses the Wye ; and a third
spans the Trothy. The town-hall stands in Agincourt-
square ; is a modem edifice, pillared, neat, and commodi-
ous; and has, in front, a statue of Henrj' V., of poor
artistic character, and in an awkward attitude. The
market-house stands on the brow of the cliff overlooking
the Monnow; and is a recent and well-arranged structure,
erected at a cost of £8,000. The county jail stands on
the side of a hill near the further end of the town; is a
massive structure on the plan of Howard, with castellated
appearance ; and has capacity for 25 male and 8 female
prisoners. St. JIary's church occupies the site of the
ancient priory church; retains that church's tower, with
a finely proportioned spire rising to the height of 200
feet ; w;is rebuilt, not long ago, in the early English
style ; and contains many handsome monuments. St.
Tliomas' church stands at the foot of Monnow bridge; 13
curly Norman, of simple form, with a low tower; was
for many years in a ruinous condition; and, in 1830, was
carefully and judiciously restored. There are chapels
for Independents, Baptists, Weslejans, and Fiomau
Catholics. The grammar school, for 100 native boys,
and alms-houses fur 10 men and 10 women, were founded
and endowed, in the time of James I., by William Jones,
a native of a small village in the neighbourhood; an;
under the direction of the Haberdashers' comjiany i!i
London; and have an endowed income of £977- There
are a national school, an infant school, a public libniiy,
a workhoiLse, and charities, additional to Jones', £10.
MONMOUTHSHIRE.
365
MONMOUTHSHIRK.
The town has .1 hea.1 post-office, { a railway station
vnth telegrapli, three bauking-olliccs, and three chief
hotels; and is a seat of assizes, sessions, and county
courts, the headquarters of the county militia, and a
place of elfction and a polling-place. A weekly market
is held on Saturday; a market for cattle, sheen, and pigs,
is held on the first Wednesday of every month ; fairs are
held on Whit-Tuesday, the Wednesday before 20 June, 4
Sept., and 22 Nov.; and races are held annually in
October. A manufacture of " Jlonmouth caps, " alluded
to by Fluollin in " Henry V." was long carried on, to the
extent of employing many thousands of hands; but it
was driven from Monmouth to Bewdley by the preva-
lence of a great plague: and it never again revived. Some
business is done in tanning, wood-turning, and paper-
making, and in com mills and iron and tin works; and
a large traffic e.vists in the conveyance of country pro-
duce, by the navigation of the Wye, between Hereford,
Bristol, and intermediate places. The town is a borough
by prescription; was first chartered by Edward VI.; Is
governed, under the new act, by a mayor, 4 aldermen,
and 12 councillors; and unites with Newport and Usk
in sending a member to parliament. Its borough limits,
both municipally and parliamentarily, include all Mon-
mouth parish and part of Dixton-Xewton parish. Cor-
poration income in 1855, £541. Pop. in 1851, 5,710; in
1861,5,783. Houses, 1,177. Electors of the three bor-
oughs M. N. and U., in 1833, 899; in 1863, 1,666.
Amount of property and income tax charged in 1863,
i;9,735. Pop. in 1851, 26,512; in 1861, 30,577. Houses,
5,154.
The parish comprises 3,420 acres. Real property,
£19,784; of which £7 are in fisheries, and £350 in gas-
works. Po-p. in 1851, 5,189; in 1361, 5,271. Houses,
1,069. A section of the parish, annexed to the church
of St. Thomas, was con=;tituted a separate charge in 1S30,
and had a pop. of 1,140 in 1861. The head living or St.
.Mary's is a vicarage, and that of St. Thomas is a p. cu-
racv, iu the diocese of Llandaff. Value of the vicarage,
£200;* of the p. curacy, £80. Patron of both, the Duke
of Beaufort. —The sub-district contains also the parish
of Dixton-Newton, and comprises 7,268 acres. Pop. in
1861, 6,024. Houses, 1,231. — The district comprehends
also the sub-district of Trelleck, containing the parishes
of Wonastow, Iklitchel-Troy, Penalt, Llandogo, Llan-
ishen, Llangoven, Cn'mcarven, Penyclawdd, Raglan, and
Llaudenn}', and all Trelleck parish except Trelleck-
Grange; the sub-district of Coleford, containing the par-
ishes of Staunton and English Bicknor, the township of
AVest Dean, and four tythiuOT of New-land parish, all
electorally in Gloucester; and the sub-district of Din-
gestow, containing the parishes of Diugestow, Rockfield,
Tregare, Penrose, Llantillio-Crossenny, Llanvihangel-
Ystem-Llewcrn, Llang.ittock-Vibon-Avel, St. ifaughans,
and Skeufrcth, and the extra-parochial tract of Trewor-
gau-with-Park-Grace-Dieu, electorally in Monmouth, and
the parishes of Garway, Llanrothall, Welsh-Newton,
Ganan^w, Whitchurch, and Welsh Bicknor, electorally in
Hereford. Acres, 101,791. Poor-rates in 1S63, £16,496.
Pop. in 1S51, 27,379; in 1861, 30,244. Houses, 6,271.
Marririges iu 1863, 212; births, 992,— of which 72 were
ille'jitiinate; deaths, 616, — of which 242 were at ages
under 5 ytars, ami 28 at ages above 85. Mairiagcs in the
ten years 1S51-C0, 1,943; births, 8,998; deaths, 5,49.';.
The places of worship, in 1S51, were 47 of the Church of
England, with 10,817 sittings; 3 of Independents, with
077' 3.; 16 of Baptists, with 2,506 s.; 14 of Wcsleyan
Methodists, with 1,;>96 s. ; 14 of Primitive Methodist^;,
with l,l;il s.; 4 of Bible Christians, with 233 s.; 2 of
Wcsleyan ItLforiner.s, with 402 s. ; and 3 of Roman Ca-
tholics, witli 420 .s. The schools were 39 public day
school-i, with 2,541 scholars; 37 private day schools,
witii 707 s. ; and 46 Sunday schools, with 3,106 s. The
nuMil";r of iiiinates in the workhouse, at the census of
1861, was 137.
MUN'.M(»UriL^HIRE, or Monmolitii, a maritime
county of Englanil; bounded, on the NW, by Brecon-
thiie; on tlie N and the Nlv, by Herefiudshire; on the
E, i'y Glouccstcrsliire; on the S, by tlie Suvcn/s mouth
and the Bristol chanuol; on the W, by Glamorganshire.
Its outline is not far from being pentagonal, with the
sides facing the NW, the NE, the K, the ESE, and the
W ; but it projects a narrow tongue of about 7 miles from
the NW side, and has an indentation of 9 miles by 5 at
the SW corner. Its boundary, along part of the N, and
along most of the NE, is the river Monnow; along most
of the E, is the river Wye; .and along all the W, is tlie
river Ruraney. Its greatest length, south-south-west-
ward, to the Rumney's mouth, is 32 miles; its greatest
breadth is 29 miles; its circuit is about 124 miles, — of
which 24 are along the Severn's mouth and the Bristol
channel; and its area is 368,399 acres. A tract along
the coast, called the Caldicott and the Wentlooge Levels,
is reclaimed marsh, embanked against the sea; nearly one-
third of the entire area, inclusive of that tract, is rich
champaign, either plain or slightly elevated ground ;
about one-third, northward thence, from the E boundary
westward, is a charming diversity of hill and dale,
abounding iu laud.scape beauties both natur.al and artifi-
cial; and the rest is maiidy a congeries of uplands,
cloven with picturesque valleys, and studded with ro-
mantic mountaius. The chief heights in the E are Bea-
con-hill, overlooking the Wye, and rising to au altitude
of about 1,000 feet, and Kymin hill and Wj-ud clitf,
commanding splendid views; ami the chief mountains
in the N and the NW are part of the Black moun-
tains nearly 2,000 feet high, the Sugar Loaf mountain
1,852 feet, the Blorenge 1,720 feet, Mjiiydd-Maen 1,563
feet, and Skyrrid-Vawr 1,498 feet. The only rivers of
any consequence, besides those on the boundaries, are the
Trothy, running to the Wye near Monmouth,— the Usk,
traversing the county nearly through the centre wind-
ingly to the Bristol channel, 3f miles below Newport, —
and the Ebbw, traversing the W section from end to
end, joined by the Sirhowy at about two-thirds of its
length of run, and falling into the Bristol channel at a
common embouchure with the Usk. Devonian or old
red sandstone rocks form much the greater portion of the
county; rocks of carboniferous limestone and shale form
a small tr.aot in the SE, around Chepstow and Caerwent,
and appear in some other parts; rocks of tlie coal mea-
sures form a large tract in the ^V, from Pontjijool west-
ward to the boundaiy, and from the neighbourhood of
Tredegar southward to the neighbourhood of Dedwas;
and alluvial deposits form the tract of the Caliiicott and
the Wentlooge Levels. Mica and lead ore are found,
limestone is plentiful, and coal and ironstone are lai-gcly
worked.
About 307,000 acres are either arable Land or meadow;
about 2,000 acres are covered by the forest of Wentwood;
very many acres are occupied by other woods, by oak-
coppices, and by orchards; and about 5,000 acres are in a
state of commonage. Tlie soils in the low and level
tracts are chiefly loams, variously light and heavj-, with
patches or intermixtures of sterile peat; those of t'ne ea>t-
ern, tlie central, and the northeastern tracts are of vari-
ous character, gencially fertile either under tillage or in
meadow; and those of the upland tracts are mostly poor
and shallow, rarely fitted for higher cropping than oats
or barley, and mostly suited only for sheiq) pasture.
Estates, in general, are large. Farms aver.age from 100 to
200 acres; V.nd are, for the most part, held at will.
Wheat, barley, oat.--, i)otatoe3, beans, pease, and turni[i3
are "-encrally grow-n. The cattle are of the large Hereford
anil other breeds. Sheep number about 175,000, and
yield about 2,060 v,-col-packs. Mules arc bred in tiie
hills. A considerali'.e trade is carried on in l.j'.rk and
timber. The manufacture of llanncl was at one time ex-
tensive, but lias de(dined. The making of knitteil caps
and .stockings is carried on. Tlie mining of coal and
ironstone, the working of iron, and the export of mineral
produce form by far tiic chief iieii:atments of trade. Tlio
principal works are at I'ontypool, .\beryschan, Peiitw-yan,
Blaenavon, Nautyglo, Beaufort, Tredegar, and the vaks
of llie Ebbw, the ."jirh.iwy, and the Runiuey. Tlie num-
ber of collieries in 1S59 was 74. 'I'lie number of coal-
miners, nt tb.e ci.-.isusof l.SOl, was 10,701 ; of iron miners,
2,127; (if person.-- eiiiplcpyed in iron manufac'.uie, 8,.S33;
MONMOUTHSHIRE.
365
MONMOUTHSHIRE.
in tin manufacture, 266; in tinplate-working, 457; in
stone-quarrying, 370. The mineral workings througli-
out the W, together with canals and railways for facili-
tating their operations, have completely changed the face
of the country, and converted pastoral solitudes into seats
of teaming population. The Brecon and Monmouthshire
canals traverse the county southward nearly through the
centre, past Pontypool to Newport; send off branches to
the Usk and to Cromlin; and have connection with rail-
ways. One railway comes in from Herefordshire, and
goes southward throtfgh the centre of the county, past
Abergavenny, and past the neighbourhood of Poutypool,
into junction with the South Wales line at Newport; an-
other goes from Monmouth, southwestward, past Raglan
and Usk, into junction mth the previous line 2.^ miles
ENE of Pontypool; another goes from Blaenavon, south-
ward, past Pontypool into junction with the first. If
mile SSE of Pontypool; tvvo others go from the vicinity
of Nantyglo and the vicinity of Beaufort, south-south-
eastward, to a mutual junction at Aberbeeg; another, in
continuation of these two, goes down the valley of the
Ebbw, to a point 24 miles from the Ebbw's mouth, and
then deflects east-north-eastward into junctions at New-
port; another goes from Tredegar, down the valley of the
Sirhowy, into junction with the preceding at Risca; an-
other, running only a short distance within the county,
but running elsewhere in close vicinity to its boundary,
goes southward down the valley of the Rumney, makes
several jimctions, and gives direct communication with
the port of Cardiff; another, coming from Merthyr-Tyd-
vil in Glamorganshire, goes west-north-westward, past
Newbridge, past Pont-Lanfraith and Crumlin, into junc-
tion with previously mentioned lines in the vicinity of
Pontypool; and another, the Great Western and South
Wales, comes in from Gloucestershire at Chepstow, and
goes along all the coast, past Portskewett, Newport, and
Rumney. Tram-roads also traverse portions of the min-
eral tracts, to a large aggregate of length ; and turnpike
roads traverse all parts of the county, to an aggregate of
about 1,322 miles.
The county contains 116 parishes, parts of three others,
and three extra-parochial places; and is divided into the
boroughs of Monitiouth and Newport, and the hundreds
of Abergavenny, Caldicott, Raglan, Skenfrith, Usk, and
Wentlooge. The act of 1844, for consolidating detached
parts of counties, severed from Monmouthshire the par-
ish of Welsh Bicknor, and annexed to it the hamlet of
Bwlch-Trewyn. The registration county gives off two
parishes to Herefordshire, and two to Glamorganshire;
takes in eight parishes, part of another, and West Dean
township from Gloucestershire, five parishes and part of
another from Herefordshire, and parts of two parishes
from Glamorganshire; comprises 432,906 acres; and is
divided into the districts of Chepstow, Monmouth, Aber-
gavenny, Bedwelty, Pontypool, and Ne\vport. The
county town is Monmouth; the market-towns are Mon-
mouth, Newport, Usk, Abergavenny, Chepstow, Ponty-
pool, Tredegar, and Caerleon ; the only towns with each
above 2,000 inhabitants are the first seven of these eight
market-to^vns; and there are upwards of 165 smallertowns,
villages, and hamlets. The chief seats are Troy House,
Llanvihangel Court, Abercame, Llanover, Llanwem,
Pontypool Hall, Tredegar House, Trostrey, Wynastow,
Bedwelty, Bertholey, Clytha, Coldbrook, Dingestow,
Itton, Llanarth Cnurt, Llanthouy Abbey, Llantarnam,
Newton House, Piercefield, and St. Pierre. The county
is governed by a lord lieutenant and custos, a high sher-
iff, 47 deputy lieutenants, and about 170 magistrates;
and it is in the home military district, the Oxford
judicial circuit, and the diocese of Llandaff. The county
prison is at Monmouth, and the pauper lunatic asylum
is at Abergavenny. The police force, in 1864, comprised
6 men for Monmouth borough, at an annual cost of
£372; 26 for Newport borough, at a cost of £1,799; and
102 for the rest of the county, at a cost of £8,702. The
criinos committed in 1864, were 10 in Monmouth borough,
117 in Newport, and 257 in the rest of the county; the
persons apprehended were 7 in Monmouth, 102 in New-
port, and 197 in the rest of the county; the known de-
predators or suspected persons at large were 13 in Mon-
mouth, 601 in Newport, and 698 in tlie rest of the
county; and the houses of bad chamoter were none in Mon-
mouth, 130 in Newport, and 79 in the rest of the county.
One member is sent to parliament by tlie boroughs of
Monmouth, Ne^vport, and Usk; and two are sent by the
rest of the county. Electors of the county in 1833,
3,738; in 1865, 4,909,— of whom 2,749 were freeholders.
322 were copyholders, and 1,111 were occupying tenants.
Poor-rates for the registration county in 1863, £87,253.
Real property of the electoral county in 1S15, £293,931;
in 1843, £591,162; in 1860, £893,921,— of which £469
were in quarries, £55,461 in mines, £109,874 in irou-
worlcs, £354 in fisheries, £165 in canals, £69,580 in rail-
ways, and £3,110 in gas-works. Pop. of the registration
county in 1851, 177,130; in 1861, 196,977. Inhabited
houses, 37,652; uninhabited, 2,182; building, 265. Pop.
of the electoral county in 1801, 45,568; in 1821, 75,801;
in 1841, 134,368; in 1861, 174,633. Inhabited houses,
33,077; uninhabited, 2,021; building, 226.
The territory now forming Monmouthshire was part of
the country of the Silures, and came to bo part of the
Welsh Deheubarth, Gwent, and ilorganwg. The Romans
included it in their Britannia Prima, and erected in it
five important stations, — Blestium supposed to be at
Monmouth, Burrium at Usk, Gobannium at Aber-
gavenny, Isca Silurum at Caerleon, and Venta Silurum
at Caerwent. The Sasons overran the territory when it
was part of Gwent, but do not seem to have ever com-
pletely conquered it. The Normans adopted a new me-
thod of getting possession ; for, instead of endeavouring
to seize it in mass for the Crown, thej' attached it piece
by piece, in feudal tenure, to great barons. The barons
made incursions at their own expense; entrenched them-
selves in fortified castles; built up their power mainly
from their own resources; and, in course of time, resisted
the Crown, and assumed independent sovereignty. Ani-
mosities and feuds, iu consequence, arose, distracted the
country, and produced effects nearly or quite as dis-
astrous as would have resulted from anarchy. Henry
VIII. abolished the petty governments both here and in
the other parts of the old Gwent and Morganwy terri-
tories, divided what is now Wales into twelve counties,
and decreed what is now Monmouthshire to be a county
of England. Yet Monmouthshire, thougli then delivered
from the thrall of local despots, and made strictly a
county directly under the Crown, was considered a Welsh
county tin the time of Charles II. The county, particu-
larly at Chepstow and Raglan castles, made considerable
figure in the civil war of Charles I. ; Chepstow castle sur-
rendered to the parliamentarians in 1645, and was sur-
prised by the royalists and retaken by the parliamenta-
rians in 1648; and Raglan castle made a prolonged and
heroic stand for the King, was the last fortress of any
distinction which held out for him, and eventually
surrendered to Sir Thomas Fairfax. A Chartist in-
surrection, of about 10,000 men, occurred at Newjiort
in Nov. 1839; went into collision with a small body
of military and special constables; and resulted in the
death of 20 of the insurgents, the wounding of many
others, and the apprehension and transportation of the
leaders.
Several Druidical circles exist on the hills. Ancient
camps, some British and some Roman, are at Taliuiiim,
Gaer, Campston-hill, Craif;-y-Saesson, Craig-y-Gaereyd,
Cwrt-y-Gaer, and Sudbrooke. The Roman Julian mari-
time way went from Caon\'ent by the coast, toward Car-
diff; the Roman Julian mountain way went from Caer-
leon, by Usk and Abergavenny, toward Brecon; and
branches of that way went from Abergavenny to Mon-
mouth, and from Usk. Old castles of note are or were
at Caerleon, Usk, Skenfrith, Monmouth, Raglan, Llaii-
dilio, Llanfair, I>iangibby, Llanvachos, Cresseny, Aber-
gavenny, Dinham, Castell-Glas, Newport, Pencoed, Pen-
cow, Castell-Trcgreg, Caldicott, and Chepstow. Abbeys
were at Tiutern, Llanthouy, Caerleon, Grace-Dieu, and
Llantarnam; monastic houses, variously priories, fiiurie?,
and nunneries, were at Abergavenny, Monmouth, Chep-
stov Newport, Usk, Goldclitf, aud othei' places; and
MOXJ[OUTnSHIRE CANAL
3G7
MONTGOMERY.
nnoieut churches, or pdrtions of them, of Nonnaa or
larlv Entili-^h d.itc^, still exist in numei'0U3 parishes.
MON.MUUTHSIIIRE CANAL, a can.il iu Monmouth-
shire; from Ne\rport northward, past Slalfas and Llan-
tamam, to rontypool. It was formed in 1792; is 17!!
miles loni;: rises 447 feet; and connects at Malfas with
a branch westward to C'riimlin, and at Pontypool with
the Pirecon canal northward to Brecon.
MONiluUTHSHIRE RAILWAY, a railway system
Ln Monmonthsliire; originally a line of 12 miles from
Newport to Pont>"i)Ool, with several hranchc-s and with
the Monmouthshire canal, but eventually a ramified
system of" a.zgivgately 44 miles. The Slonmouthshiro
Canal comp-'-cy undertook to form it in 1845, by raisinj;
additional capital; they obtained power in 18.55, to raise
further capital to the amount of i'202,,510, and to borrow
£67,500 by mortgage; they wore autliorized in ISOl, to
form new short connecting lines, aggregately 5 miles
long, on a new capital of £100,000 in.shares, and £25,000
in loans ; tb-y got power, in 1865, to construct two more
short branches, to jiurchase the Brecon and Abergavenny
canal, and to raise a further capital of £200,000 in shares,
and £50,000 in loans; and they have an interest, by sub-
scription, of £20,000, in the Alexandra dock. The
system includes the Eastern Valleys railway, from New-
port, past Pontypool, to Blaeuavon; and the Western
Valleys railway, from Newport, past Crumlin, to
Naritygli\ ^ith a branch from Aberbeeg, up Ebbw-vawr
va]'», to the vicinity of Beaufort.
ilO.NNI.NGTON-LTON-WYE, a parish in Weobly
district, Hereford; on the river Wye, 3 miles SSW of
Moorhampton r. station, and 5^ SSW of Weobl}'. Post-
town. Bishopstone, under Hereford. Acres, 1,011. Real
pMperty.. £1,."55. Pop., 102. Houses, 18. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. The manor belonged once
to a son-in-law of Owen Glendower, and belongs now to
SL;- V. Cornewall, Bart. Monnington Court is supposed
to have been the death-place of Owen Glendower, and is
11 jw a farm-house. There is a long avenue called Jlon-
nincrtou W.\lk. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
H(frefurd. Value, £205.* Patron, Sir V. Cornewall,
Bart. Th-; church is ancient but good, and h.as a tov.cr.
MONNOW (TtJE), a river of Hereford and ilonmouth.
It rises in Hereford, among the Black mountains, ad-
jacent to the boundary with Brecon, 2 miles W of C'res-
wel! chapel; runs about 10 miles south-south-eastward,
chiefly along a narrow valley, overhung by the Black
mountain range, to the bouiulary with Monmouth, in the
iiei^-hhonrhood of Pandy r. station ; runs thence 4i miles
ncrth-e;i-srward, along the boundary between Jlereford
and Monmouth, to a jioint J of a mile SSE of Poutrilns
r. station ; receives there, on the left bank, the large
tribute of the Dore; proceeds thence about 9 miles south-
eastwanl, along the boundary between Hereford and Mou-
mouth, past Kiiitchurch, Grosmont, Garway, Skenfrith,
end Llaurothall, to a point 1 mile NE of Rockfield; and
go^s thence about 4 miles windingly south-eastward,
within JIunmoutlishire, to a confluence with the Wye at
iI.;nmouth.
MONSALD.AI.E, a beautiful reach of the river Wye's
vale in the N\V of Derbyshire; above Ashford.
MONSBOIJONICUS. See BAruunv, Wilts.
JIONTACUTE, a village and a parish in Yeovil dis-
trict, Somerset. The vUlage stands 4 miles W by N of
Yeovil r. station; was known to the Saxons as Log;ires-
bnp'h; tJkes its present name by-corruption of the Latin
"i.Ton.s .--.outus," from one of two neighbouring, wood-
clad, pyramidal hills; sent two members to a parliament
of Edward [.; and has a post-oflice under Ilminster, and
a fair on the second Wednesday of JMay. The parish in-
cludes tlie tythings of Bishopstonc and Hyde. Acres,
l,4S.o. Real property, with Thonu'Coflin, £5,1S'J; of
whii-h £00 are in (luairies. Rated property of M. alone,
£3,8ti3. Pop., 992. Houses, 20o. The manor was
{riven, by William the Conqueror, to the Earl of Mor-
t.iif-ne; and, with Montacute House, and nearly all tlie
jropf-rty, Ijehmgs now to W. Phclips, Esij. M. House
W1.S built iu 1530-11)01, by Sir Kdwai<l I'liolips; is an
i.iijX'sing staictuic, in tlie form of the letter E, ISO feet
long and 92 feet high; presents an E front with 41 Tudor
windows, and with statues in the spaces between the
window? of the second story; presents a W front of
equally handsome character; includes a magnificent
screen, brought from the old family mansion of Clifton
Hall, near Sherborne; contains a stately hall, with sing-
ing gallery, screen, and a decoration of bas-reliefs, repre-
senting the ancient punishment of "riding the skim-
mington;" contains also in the upper story, au apartment
189 feet long and 21 feet wide, furnished in the manner
of the time of Elizabeth ; has gardens in the Italian style,
with ten-aces and fountains; and, in the time of the
civil war, was sacked by the parliamentarians, and oc-
cupied, for a short time, by Cromwell. A strong castle
was built on a hill here by the Earl of Jloitaigne; and
its site is row occupied by a tower 60 feet high. A
Cluniac priory also was founded here by the Earl of
Mortaigne; and some interesting remains of it, including
a battlemeuted gatehouse, flanked by towers, and lighted
on each side by an orie) window, all in later English
architecture, still exist. An ancient British camp,
altered and occupied by the Romans, with a NW stone
rampart enclosing about 20 acres, and with a ditch
about 2 nviles in circuit, is on Hamdon Hill; includes,
at the N angle, an amphitheatre called " the Fry-
ing-pan;" has yielded numerous coins, weapons, pacts
of chariots, and other relics of the Romans; and com-
mands a fine panoramic view. Extensive quarries of a
magnesian limestone, much esteemed for ornamental
building, and little inferior to Bath oolite, are on the same
liLll, and have been worked to a depth of about 100 feet.
The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Bath and Wells.
Value, £190.* Patron, W. Phelips, Esq. The church
is variously Norman, early English, decorated, and per-
pendicular; com]irises nave, aisles, and ch.ancel, -^vith
porch and tower; and contaias monuments of the
Phelipsts, one of them of the year 1484. There are
chapels for Baptists and Wesleyans, and a national
schooL
MONTE-VIDEO, a place in the S of Dorset; 2 miles
NW of Weymouth.
MONTFORD, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Atcham district, Salop. The village stands on the
river Severn, 3.J miles NNW of Hanwood r. .station, and
5 W by N of Shrewsbury; and has a bridge over the
Severn, and a post-ofiice under Shrewsbury. — The parish
contains also the township of En.sdon, and comprises
2,976 acres. Real property, £8,159. Pop., 46S. Houses,
100. The property is divided among a few. The living
a vicarage, imited with the rectory of Shrawardine, in
the diocese of Lichfield. Value, £613.* Patron, the
Earl of Powis, The church has a tower, and is good.
The sub - district contains three other jMrishes.
Acres, 7,857. Pop., 1,166. Houses, 237.
MONTFORD, a to\vnship, conjoint with Preston, in
St. Alkmond parish, Salop; 4 miles W of Shrewsbury.
MONTGOMERY, a town, a parish, a sub-district, a
district, and a hundred, in Montgomeryshire. The town
stands on an acclivity commanded by a higher eminence,
in the eastern vicinity of the Oswestry and Newtown
railway, 1 mile W of Olfa's dyke, and the boundary with
Salop, 1 J SE of a bend of the river Severn, and 20 SW
of Shrewsbury. The neighbouring eminence on the W,
separated from the town's site by a deep hollow, is
crowned by a stupendous ancient British post or fortified
camp; and commands a rich and extensive view, finely
bounded by the hills of Salop. The apjiroach to the
tamp is guarded by four deep ditches, with two or three
entrances to^9ard the main work, where some fosses run
across the hill; and .i. smaller fortification, ha\-ing in one
part an aitificird mound, is at the bottom. A conjecture
has been made, on the evidence of these military works,
th.it probably a seat of population was here in times
prior to the Roman invasion. A castle was built, either
on that hill or on the town's site, before the Norinan
conquest, by Baldwin, a lieutenant of the maiches; and
the town took thence the name of Trefaldwyn, .signifying
" IJaldu-ynstown." Roger do Montgomery, who derived
his designation from a place in France, and was ancestor
MONTGOMERY.
368
MONTGOMERYSHIRE.
to the Earls of Egliuton, got possession of the town im-
mediately after the Norman conquest, built a new castle
at it, and gave to it his own name. The castle stood
strongly and proudly on a high projecting tongue of
rock, with deeply -scarped sides; comprised an inner
court and an outer court, defended hy four deep fosses
cut in the rock; wa.s garrisoned by William Rufus; was
taken and destroyed by the Welsh; was restored by the
Earls of Shrewsbury; was twice taken and demolished
by Llewelyn ap Jorwerth, and twice restored by Henry
II. ; passed to Roger Mortimer and to the Herberts, and
became the latter's principal residence; was garrisoned
by Lord Herbert, for the king, in the civil war of Charles
I. ; was taken by Sir Thomas Myddleton, retaken by
Lord Byron, and taken again, with great disaster to the
royalists, by Sir Thomas llyddleton ; was then disman-
tled ; and is now represented by only mouldering frag-
ments, chiefly small part of a SVV tower, and a few low
and broken walls.
The town itself was once defended by a wall flanked
with towers, and pierced with four gates, called Kede-
wen-gate, Chirbury-gate, Arthur's-gate, and Kerry -gate;
and, in the time of Loland, who wrote in the 16th cen-
tury, it still retained ruins of the wall, fragments of the
towers, and remains of the gates. It is now a small and
quiet place, one of the most unpretending and sequestered
of county towns, neat and clean, healthy and inviting.
The streets are steep; and the houses, in general, are
built of brick. The site of Black Hall, the birthplace
of the learned George Herbert, is in the NE. Lymore
Park, a seat of the Earl of Po\vis, an interesting mansion
of the 16th century, is about a mile to the SE, and stands
in a park bounded, on the E side, by Offa's dyke. The
guUd-hall, used for sessions, stands in the upper part of
the town. The county jail, a modern structure with ca-
pacity for 55 male and 13 female prisoners, stands near
the site of the castle ruins. The parish church is cruci-
form, and partly early English; has a tower, added by
Lord Clive in 1816, at a cost of £1,700; and contains a
carved screen and ancient rood-loft brought from the
priory of Uhirbury, two effigies of the Mortimers about
the time of Richard II., and a monument to the father
of Lord Herbert of Chirbury. The town has a post-oflficet
under Shrewsbury, a railway station, two hoteb, a dis-
senting chapel, an endowed school with £14 a-year, and
charities, £39; is a seat of sessions, a place of election,
and a polling-place; gives the title of Baron to the Earl
of Eglinton; and numbers, among distinguished natives.
Dr. Lees, the editor of the well-known Cyclopedia. A
weekly market is held on Thursday; and fairs are held on
26 March, the first Thursday of ftlay, 7 June, 4 Sept.,
and 14 Nov. The town received a charter from Henry
III.; is governed, under that charter, by two bailiffs and
twelve burgesses ; and unites with LlanfyUin, Llanidloes,
Machynlleth, Newtown, and Welshpool, in sending a
member to parliament. Its borough limits are conter-
rainate with those of the parish. Acres, 3,288. Real
property, £7,441; of which £25 are in gas-works. Pop.
in 1851, 1,248; in 1861, 1,276. Houses, 259. Electors
of the six associated boroughs, in 1833, 723; in 1863,
933. Amount of property and income tax charged in
1363, £4,431. Pop. in 1851, 17,887; in 1861, 18,036.
Houses, 4,077.
The parochial living is a rectory in the diocese of
Hereford. Value, £347. I'atron, the Earl of Powis.
— The sub-district contains the parishes of Montgomery,
Berriew, Llandyssil, and Llanmerewig, and the town-
ships of Castlewright, Aston, Churchstoke, and Brorap-
ton and Rhiston, — the last electorally in Salop. Acres,
33,351. Pop., 6,121. Houses, 1,226. —The district
comprehends also tlie sub-dirstrict of Pool, containing the
parishes of Welshpool, Castle-Caereinion, and Cutting-
ton, and tlie townships of Leighton, Middletown, and
Uppington; and the sub-district of Cliirbury, contain-
ing the parish of Forden and the townships of Rhosgoch
and Trelystan, electorally in Montgomerj-shire, and the
parish of Cliiibury and the township of Worthin, elec-
torally in Salop. Acres of the district, 74,067. Poor-rates
in 1S63, £9,015. Pop. in 1851, 17.984; in 1801, 19,097.
Hou.ses, 3,804. Afarriages in 1863, 148; births, 580,—
of which 39 were illegitimate; deaths, 404, — of which 135
were at ages under 5 years, and 15 at ages above 85.
Marriages in the ten years 1851-60, 1,431; births, 6,025;
deaths, 3,934. The places of worship, in 1851, were 20
of the Church of England, with 8,309 sittings; 10 of In-
dependents, with 1,458 s. ; 4 of Baptists, with 392 s. ; 17
of Calvinistic Methodists, with 1,590 s. ; 14 of Wesleyan
Methodists, \\-ith 1,410 s. ; and 21 of Primitive Metliod-
ists, with 69/ s. The schools were 24 public day schools,
with 1,523 scholars; 29 private day schools, with 639 s. ;
52 Sunday schools, with 3,413 s. ; and 2 evening schools
for adults, with 18 s. The district comprises two yioor-
law unions; the one Montgomery and Pool, under a local
act; the other Rhosgoch and other places, under the act
of 43d Elizabeth. The Montgomery and Pool workhouse
is in Forden; and, at the census of 1861, had 99 inmates.
— The hundred contains four parishes and parts of four
others. Acres, 43,463. Pop. in 1851, 5,286; in 1861,
5,52-3. Houses, 1,071.
JIGNTGOMERYSHIRE, or Montgomery, an inland
county of Wales; bounded, on the N, by Merioneth and
Denbighshire; on the E, by Salop; on theS, by Radnor-
shire; on the SW, by Cardiganshire; on the W, by Cardi-
ganshire and Merioneth. Its outline is somewhat irre-
gular, with variety of indentations and projections; but
may be described as pentagonal, with the sides facing the
N, the E, the ESE, the S\y, and the WNW. Its bound-
ary lines are mostly artificial. Its greatest length, from
NE to SW, is 37 miles; its greatest breadth is 29 miles;
its mean breadth is about 21 miles; its circuit is about
135 miles; and its area is 483,323 acres. The surface, in
most of the E, to the mean breadth of about 5 miles, is
a mixture of rich vale and pleasant hill, luxuriant, warm,
and low; but the surface, all elsewhere, is prevailingly
mountainous, moorish, bleak, and wild. The Berwyn
mountains range along the NW bound.iry, and have a
culminating altitude of 2,104 feet; the Breiddin hills,
with Moel-y-Golfa particularly conspicuous, form a strik-
ing group in the E; the Llandinam hills, with culminat-
ing altitude of 1,898 feet are in the S; a great tableau,
with average altitude of about 1,000 feet, is in the centre;
and the magnificent Plinlimmon, with altitude of 2,403
feet, is ou the SW boundary. Many of the heights,
though less picturesque than those of some other Welsh
counties, are more valuable, not a few of them being
clothed with verdure to the summits. Comparatively low
grounds also hang on the skirts of many of them ; while
numerous vales intersect them in all directions ; and
these, taken with the rich tracts in the E, form a much
larger proportion of fertile land than might be expected
to exist in so prevailingly upland a region.
A line of water-shed, dividing the baiin of the Dovey
from the basins of the Severn and the Wye, nins from N
to S, and separates about one-fifth of the county on the W
from about four-fifths on the E. The streams in the AV
portion, therefore, are all afiluents of the Dovey; while
those of the E are chiefly the Severn and its W affluents,
onto theinfluxof the Vyrnwy. The Wye rises under Plin-
limmon, near the SW border, and has a run of only
about 10 miles within the county. The Severn rises very
near the source of the Wye, a little to the N; courses
around and along the S, the SE, and the E, seldom fur-
ther than 3i miles from the boundary; and receives,
from within the county, the tributaries of the Clywedog,
the Tarannon, the Rhiw, and the Vyrnwy; the last of
which has the important affluents of the Banw, the
Bechan, the Einion, the Brogan, the Cain, and the
Tanat Most of the streams are very fine, for at once
their scenery, their w.atcr, and their fish. About a dozen
small lakes, chiclly Beguelin, Glaslyn,. Llyngwyddior,
Llyn-llir, and Llyn-yr-Afange, add to tlie variety.
Mineral springs are at Llanfair and Jlcifoil. Silurian
rocks form, \nth sliglit exceptions, the entire county ;
the lower Silurian throughout the NE .and SW thirds,
and the upper Silurian throughout the central thinL
Slate is worked at Llangynnog, Llanidloes, and other
places; millstones are quarried in tlie P.reiddcn hilU;
limestone is worked at LlanjTnynech and Porthywaen:
MOXTGOMERYSHIKE.
369
IIOXXTON.
a littla coal is foaiul near CocJwae; Icitd ore, \vitl» silver
in it, occurs at Llanbiyiiniair, Craigy-y-Mwy.'., Ksgnir-
hir, Ponnaiit, Tallifi, Isgar-GalliJ, nml Dynit'ynguin ;
copper-ore was finuid by tlie Itomaus at Ll.-.iivmyiiecli;
auJ zinc-ore occurb at Llanyynnog anJ Llaufyllin.
About oiic-i'ii;hth of the area is arable laud, about one-
third is pasture, and about oue-half is conuuon or Wiiste.
The soils in the vales are chiefly argillaceous, becomiug
more and mor-c loamy and rich iu the coui"se of their de-
scent; and those iu the uplands consist chielly of the de-
tritus of schistose rocks. Agriculture, considering the
natural disadvautageousness of the region, is in a veiy
advanced condition. Clean farming, particularlj- in the
E, is highly appreciated; and oats, barley, rye, wheat,
pease, vetches, turuips, clover, and heuip are grown.
Yet the fai-ui-houses, in other parts than the E, are ag-
gregately far fron\ good, — many of them timbered ; and
the cottages are very poor. The native cattle, a small
brindled short-legged breed, deep in the carcase, arekepton
the inferior farms; and the Devonsliire and Herefordshire
breeds abound on the best lands. Two kinds of sheep
are fed on the bills; the one a small native breed, from
8 to 10 lbs. the quarter; the other the Kerry Hill breed,
homb-is, fine-wojUed, and about 12 lbs. the quarter.
The small merl3ni ponies abound on the hills; and a
good breed of horses is reared in the vales. Cattle, but-
ter, and cheese are exported inconsiderable quantities; a
little cider is made ; and oak-plantations, to supply an
exportation of oak for ship-building, are maintained.
Flannel and woollen cloth are the chief manufactures;
and, at the census of 1S61, the flannel employed 290
males and 218 females, — tha woollen cloth, 843 males
and 703 females. One railway, coming in from Oswes-
try, goes along all th.i E and the SE, past Welshpool,
ilontgonierj", and Newtown, to Llanidloes; two fork
from the preceding at Llanidloes, to go toward respec-
tively Builtli and Lampeter; another deflects from the
first at LlanjmijTioch, and goes westward to Llanfyllin;
anoth.T, in course of fonuation in 1S67, deflects at the
same jioint in an oppo=i!j direction, and passes through
a small portion of the Nf] border, to form direct commu-
nication toward Shrewsbury; another deflects from the
tirst at Welshpool, and goes east-north-eastward into
junction with the last towanls Shrewsbury; two others,
in course of formation in 1867, deflect from the lirst at
Montgomery, and go respectively north-eastward to-
Tvards Shrewsbury and south-eastward towards Bi>hops-
Castle; another deflects from the tirst at Newtown, and
^oes westward, pa^t Carno, Llanbrynmair, and ilach-
ynlleth, toward Absrystwitli ; and a short branch de-
flects from the same point as the last, and goes eastward
to Kerry. The J'ontgomeryshire canal gives a commu-
nication of 21 miles alon^ the valley of the Severn, from
Newtown to Llanymynccdi; sends olf a branch of 3 miles
to Guilifield; and communicates, by a branch from Llan-
ymynech, with the Kllcsmere canal.
The county contains 48 parishes, parts of 9 other par-
ishii, and 1 e.xtra-parochial tract; and is divided into
the boroughs of Llanidloes and Welshpool, and the hun-
dreds of Cawrse, Deythur, Llanfyllin, Llanidloes, Mach-
ynlleth, -Mathrafel, Montgomery, Newtown, and Pooh
The net of lSi4, for consolidating detached parts of coun-
ties, anue-xed to iilontgomeryshire the township of Car-
rcghova, previously belonging to Denbighshire. The
registration county gives off one township to Merioucth,
and one parish and p'.ut of two others to Salop; takes in
one township from ("'ardigaushire, three parishes and part
of unniher from Denbiglishire, two parishes from Mer-
ioneth, aud one parish and parts of two othei-s from
Salop; comprises 50S,121 acres; .and is divided into the
di.-tricts of jMontgoniery, Newtown, Llaufyllin, and
Machynlleth. The a.ssize towns are Welslqiool for Lent,
aud Newtown for Sununer; the sessions and election town
is Jlont^omery; the market-towns are Welshpool, New-
town, iiontgoiuery, Llanfair, Llanfyllin, Llanidloes, aud
Machynlleth; tin; only towns with each above 2,0i'0 in-
habitants are Weldipool, Newtown, and Llanidloes; aiul
there arc umsards of 300 small towns, villagc-s, and
hamlets. The chief seats arc Lymore I'aik, Nautcribba,
Dodfach, Gregynog, Aberfechan, Aberiarth, Llwydiarth,
Broadway, Bryngw_\-n, Dolforwyu, Dolgnog, Garth, Gai th-
niill, Glanhafren, Greenhill, Leighton, JIathavarn, Mell-
ington, Newtov.n House, l.'hiwport, Trelydau, and Vay-
nor. The county is governed by a lord lieutenant, asherilf,
7 deputy lieutenants, and about 40 magistrates; aud is in
the home military district, the North Wales judicial
circuit, aud the dioceses of St. Asaph, Bangor, and Here-
ford. The police foice, in 1864, compri.->ed 29 men, and
was maintained at an annual cost of £'2,392. The crimes
committed iu 1664, were 116; the persons ajipiehended,
1 29; the known depredators or suspected persons at large,
372 ; the houses of bud character, 67. One member is
sent to parliament by a group of si.v boroughs within the
county, and 1 by the rest of the county. Electors of the
latter in 1833, 2,523; in 1865, 3,339,— of whom 1,860
were freeholders, and 1,2S4 were occupying tenants.
Eeal property in 1S15, £207,286 ; in 1813, £341, 0S6 ; in
1860, £350,962, — of which £1,847 were in quarries,
£3,262 in mines, £20 in fisheries, £2,913 in railways,
and £489 in gas-works. Pop. in 1801, 48,184; in 1S21,
60,245; in 1841, 69,607; in 1S61, 66,919. Inhabited
houses, 13,501; uninhabited, 413; building, 81. Pop.
of the registration county, in 1851, 77,142; in 1861,
76,923. Inhabited houses, 15,608; uninhabited, 509;
building, 100.
The territory now forming Montgomeryshire was part
of the countiy of the ancient Ordovices; was included
by the Komaus in their Britania Secunda ; became part
of the Welsh kingdor.! of Powys or Mathraval; was the
scene of sanguinary struggles between the princes of
that kingdom and the Saxon princes of Mercia; was over-
run by the famous Saxon kiug Offa, who built the dj'ke
of his name along its E border, and included the eastern
belt in his kingdom of ilercia; took afterwards the name
of Sir Tre-Faldw^Ti, signifying Baldwin's Towns-shire,
from the same Baldwin, lord of the marches, who built
a castle at Montgomer}-; was constituted a county,
directly under the English crown, by Ileuiy VIII. ; and
made considerable figure in the civil war of Charles I.
Ancient British camps, cairns, and tumuli, are numer-
ous. Druidical atones are at Newydd-Fynyddedd. The
Sarn Uir Koman way traversed the county by Meifod
and Mathraval; and 'vicinial or diverging ways went
from their Cacr-Sws station on the Sarn Hir way near
Newtown. Another Roman station was at Meifod; and
Poman camps are at Cefn-Caer, Castell-Caereinion, and
Jloelddelwyn. Old castles, or remains of them, are at
ilontgomery, Dolforwyn, and Powys; aiul Owen Glen-
dower's old parliament house is in Machynlleth. Several
of the oldest existing churches are curious structures,
with ancient wooden upper stories to the towers, and
with wood-covered spires.
MONTGOMERYSHIRE CANAL, a canal in the E
of Jloutgomeryshire ; from Newtown, 24 miles north-
north-eastward, along the vallej'' of the Severn, to
Llanymynech. It was formed in 1795-1821 ; it descends
225 feet with 15 locks; it sends oft" a branch of 3 miles
to Guilsfield; it crosses the Vyrnwy river, adjacent to
Llanymynech, at the boundary with Salop, on an aque-
duct of five aiches, each 40 feet iu s[ian, aud 25 feet above
the ordinary level of the river; and it is connected by, a
branch, north-eastward thence, with the Ellesmere canal.
MONTPELIER. See Bristol.
MONTREAL, the seat of Earl Amherst, in Sovenoaks
parish, Kent; 1 mile N\V of Sevenoaks. It stands near
the site of Brook's Plare, wldch belonged to the Co!e-
pepers; and it was built by the first Lord Aniherst, who
took ifiiutreal in Canada in 1700.
MONXTON, or JIonicsto.v, a parish, with a .small
village, iu Andover district, Hants; 3i| miles WSW of
Andover r. station. I'ost-town, Andover. Acres, 1,141.
Real propert)-, with Amporf, Cholderton, and Sirsoii,
£6,988. Rated property of M. alone, £1,294. Pop.,
27-5. Houses, 58. The property belongs to King's Col-
lege, Cambridge. The living is a ri'ctory in the diocese
of Winidiestcr. Value, £338.* Patron, King's College,
Cambridge. The church has a tower, with slated spire,
and is good.
SK
MONYASH.
370
MOORLINCH.
MONYASH, a village and a township-chapelry in
Bakewell parish, Derby. The village stands in a hollow,
at the head of the river Lathkill, 14 mile E ol the Crom-
foTd and High Peak railway, and 5 WSW of Bakewell r.
station; was, at Domesday, a penal settlement for re-
fractory monks; was afterwards a market-town; and is
now a seat of half-yearly Barmoot courts, for matters re-
latin" to lead mines in the hundred of High Peak. 1 he
chapelry comprises 3,840 acres. Post-town, Bakewell.
Real property, £3,278; of which £20 are in quarries
Pop 460 Houses, 94. The manor belongs to \V . and
.1 Finney Esqs. The land lies chiefly on limestone, and
has a bleak appearance. The living a p. cui-acy in the
diocese of Lichfield. Value, £123.* Patron, the \ icar
of Bakewell. The church is old, and consists of nave
and aisles, with tower and octagonal spire. There are
chapels for Quakers and Primitive Methodists, an en-
dowed school with £20 a-year, and charities £11.
MOOR, a township in Hawarden parish, Flint; near
Hawarden. Acres, 237. Real property, £760. Pop.,
110. Houses, 23.
MOOR, a township, conjoint with Batchcott, in
Richards-Castle parish, Salop ; 2 miles SS^V of Ludlow.
Pop., 206. Moor Park is a chief residence.
MOOR, a village in Sutton-Coldfield parish, Warwick;
1 mile NNE of Sutton-Coldfield. Moor Hall is the seat
of the Hacketts.
MOOR, a hamlet in Fladbury parish, Worcester ; i a
mile W of Fladbury village.
MOOR, Cheshire. See Moore.
MOOR-ALLERTON. See Allkrtox-Chapel.
MOOR-AND-HILL. See HiLL-ASD-ifooR.
MOORBY, a parish, with a small village, in Horn-
castle district, Lincoln; 4 miles SE by S of Honic;\.stle,
r station. Post-town, Boston. Acres, S50. Real pro-
perty, £1,130. Pop., 128. Houses, 28. A tract, with
13 of the pop., and 4 of the houses, is an allotment in
the Wildmore Fen. The manor belongs to J. B. Stan-
hope, Esq. The living is a rectory, united with the p.
curacy of Wood-Enderby, in the diocese of Lmcoln.
Value, £200.* Patron, the Bishop of Manchester. The
church was rebuUt in 1866; is in the early English style;
and consists of nave and chancel, with vestry, porch,
and NW spirelet. There are a Wesleyan chapel and a
national school.
MOOR-CRITCHELL. See Critciiell- Moore.
MOORE, or Moor, a village and a township in Run-
corn parish, Cheshire. The village stands adjacent to
the Northwestern railway and the Bridgewater canal, 1
mile SE of the Mersey and Irwell canal, 1^ SE of the
Mersey river, and 3} SW of Warrington ; is a neat place;
and has a station on the railway, and a postal letter-box
under Warrington. The township comprises 901 acres.
Real property, £2,267. Pop. in 1851, 336; in 1861,
269. Houses, 56. 'I'he manor, with Moore Hall, be-
longs to the Rev. G. Heron. There is a Wesleyan
chapel. „, .,
MOOR-END, a place in the N of Devon; 3} miles
NW of Chiilmleigh.
MOOR-END, or Meer-Exd, a place in the centre of
Warmckshire; 64 miles SW of Coventry.
MOOR-ENDS, a hamlet in Thorne parish, V,. R.
Yorkshire; near Thcrne. . .
MOORESBARROW-WITII-PARME, a townshq^ m
Middlewich parish, Cheshire; on a branch of the river
Dane, 3 miles E by S of iliddlewich. Acres, 425. Rc;d
propei-ty, £541. Pop., 25. Houses, 4.
• MOORESIDE. See Backwell.
MOORFIELDS, a chapelrj' in Sheffield parish, W. R.
Yorkshire; within ShelKeld borough. It was constituted
in 1846; and iU post-town is SheiEeld. Pop. in 1861,
6,254. Houses, 1.178. " The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of York. Value, £300. Patron, alternately the
Crown and the Archbishop. The church staufls in
Cupola-street; was erected by subscription ; and is a neat
structure in the pointed style, \vith bell-turret.
MOORFIELDS, Middlesex. See London.
MOORGATE, a hamlet in Clarborough parish, Notts:
Pii the Chesterfield canal, suburban to the XE side of
East Retford. Pop., 1,007. A chapel of ease to Clar-
borough is here, and was erected in 1828.
MOORGATE, a hamlet in Whiston parish, W. R,
Yorkshire; 2 miles SE of Rotherham.
MOOR-GRANGE, a place in the E of E. R. York-
shire; 4;^ miles NW of Hornsea.
MOOU (Great), a place in the NW of Bucks; 5i
miles SW of Winslow.
MOOR-GREEN, a hamlet in Ardeley parish, Herts;
35 miles SW of Buntingford.
MOOR-GREEN, a hamlet in Greasley parish, Notts;
2\ miles E of Langley-Mill r. station, and 7 NW of
Nottingham. It has a post-office under Nottingham;
and it was formerly called Greasley-Sfoor-Gieen. Pop.,
391.
jioOR-GREEN (North). See Nokthmoor-Grees.
MOOR-HALL, a place in Harefield parish, Middlesex;
i a mile S of Harefield village. An ancient priory, a
cell to Clerkenwell priory, was here; and some remains
of it, including the chapel, still exist.
MOORHAMPTON, arailway station in Herefordshire:
on the Hereford and Brecon railway, SJ miles WNNV of
Hereford. Moorhanipton Park, adjacent to the station,
is the seat of the Hamp family.
MOORHAY. See Apethorpe.
MOOR-HEAD, a hamlet in Shipley township, Brad-
ford pari.sh, W. It Yorkshire ; 2 miles N of Bradford.
MOOR-HILL, a place in the E of Essex; 84 miles NE
of Rochford.
MOORHOUSE, a township in Burgh-by-Sands parish,
Cumberland; near the Carlisle and Sillotli railway, 4J
miles W by N of Carlisle. It contains the village of
Thurstonfield, and has a Quaker's chapel. Real property,
£1,795. Pop., 306. Houses, 67. Moorhouse Hall is
the seat of the Hodgsons.
MOORHOUSE, a township in Houghton-le-Spring
parish, Durhamshire; on the river Wear, 3.i mUes SE of
Durham. Acres, 272. Real property, £331; of which
£12 are in quarries. Pop., 94. Houses, 17.
MOORHOUSE, a hamlet in Laxton parish, Notts; 3i
miles SSE of Tuxford. Pop., 77.
MOORHOUSE, a hamlet in Hooton-Pagnell parish,
W. R. Yorkshire; 7A miles NW of Doncaster. Pop., 53.
MOORHOUSE, a'hamlet in Stanley township, Wake-
field parish, W. U. Yorkshire; 2 miles NNE of Wake-
field.
MOORHOUSE-MOOR, a hamlet in AUerton to^^^l-
ship, Bradford parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 3} miles NW
of Bradford.
MOORHOUSES, a hamlet in Revesby parish, Lin-
coln; ek miles SSE of Hornca.stle. Pop., 89.
2tI00RH0USES, a hamlet in Brougham parish, ^^ est-
moreland; near Penritli.
MOORHOUSES, a hamlet in the N of Cumberiand;
3\ miles S of Longtown.
MOORLAND, a hamlet in North Petherton parish,
Somerset; on the river Pan-et, 4} miles SE of Bridge-
water. It contains the church of Northmoor-Green
chapelry.
MOOR-LANE, a hamlet in Gomersall township, Bir-
stall parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 7i miles NE of HuJders-
field.
MOORLINCH, a \-illage, a township, and a parish m
Bridgewater district, Somerset. The village stands 3j
miles ESE of Shajiwick r. station, and 6} E of Bridge-
water; and has a fair on 20 Aug. The township com-
prises 1,122 acres. Real property, £2,454. Pop. in
1851, 375; in 1861, 334. Houses, 81. The parish
contains also the chapelries of Catcott, Ediiigton,
Sutton-Midlett, Stawell, and Chilton-upon-PoUlLn ; and
its post-town is Ashoott, under Bath. Acres, 9,252.
Real propevtv, £19,368. Pop. in 1S51, 2,439; in
1861, 2,"29." Houses, 534. Tho property is subdi-
vided. The manor belongs to 15. C. Greenhill, Esii.
The living is a vicarage, united with the chapelries of
Stawell and Sutton-M.Ulett, in the diorese of Bath and
Wells. Value, £500.* Patron, the Rev. R. J. Lus-
combe. The church is partly early English: and consists
of nave and chancel, with a tower. The ]>. curacits ci
MOOR (Little).
371
MORCOTT.
Catcott, Burtlo, nml Eiluigton-w-ith-Cliilton-upon-Pol-
deii, are sepa.iite beucQoes. There are ImlepeaJent cli.i-
jiftls ill Jloorlineh ami Cliiltoii-u))on-l'ol(len, a Wesleyaii
chapel in Catcott, a Primitive Methculist chapel in Biir-
tle, anil iiatioiuil srhonls in MoorlinL-h and Catcott. The
charities amount to £152.
MOOH (Little), a hamlet in Uioadway parish, Dor-
set; 2\ miles N of Weymouth.
JIOOR (Low). See Lowmook.
JIOOR (Nouth). See Noethmoor.
MOOR PARK, a seat of the Marquis of "Westminster,
in Broaihvay parish, Dorset; 4 miles N of Weymouth.
The e.state belonged to the Abbey of St. Albans, and
passed to the Kotelers, Archbishop Neville, the De
Veres, the Russells, the Carys, the Earl of Ossnry, the
Duke of Monmouth, Lord Anson, and others. The man-
sion waa built by Leoiii; is in the Grecian style; contains
a hall and a stau'case painted with subjects from Ovid,
and a saloon by Thornhill after Guido ; and stands amid
grounds laid o\it by Lucy Waters, the mother of the
Duke of Monmouth, and altered by " Capability" Brown.
MOOR PARK, the quondam seat of Sir William Tem-
ple, in Farnham parish, Surrey; ou the river Wey, 1
mile E of Farnhara. See FarnhAM, Surrey.
MOOR-RIG, a hamlet in tlie N of Westmoreland; 3 J
miles N of Shap.
MOOR-ROW, a railway station in Cumherland; on
the ^V^litehaven and Cleator railway, at the junction of
the branch to Egreniont, 3 miles SSE of "WTiitehaven.
MOORSHOLMCUM-GIRRICK, a township in Skel-
ton parish, N. R. Yorkshue; 5 J miles E by S of Guis-
brough. Acres, 4,260. Real property, £3,312; of which
£10 are in quarries. Pop., 305. Houses, 69. There
are a Wesleyan chapel and a national school.
MOORSIDE, a hamlet in BackweU parish, Somerset;
€h miles SW of Bristol. Pop., 195.
"MOORSIDF., a hamlet in Staiubum township, Kirk-
by-Overblow parisli, W. Pw Yorkshire; 4^ miles IS'E of
Otley.
MOORSLEY, a township in IIoughton-lR-Spring par-
ish, Durhanishire; on the Great North of England rail-
way, 4^ miles NE of Durham. Acres, 5S3. Real pro-
perty, £1,40S; of which £144 are on tlie railway. Pop.,
i)TS. Houses, 185. Some of the inliabitants are em-
ployed in neighbouring collieries and quarries.
MOOR-STHEET, a i)lace in the N of Kent; 4i miles
ESE of Chatliani.
MOORSWATER, a viUage in the E of Cornwall; 4
miles W of Liskeard. It stands among orchards, in a
■vvooded valle}", at a nexus of canal and railway, commu-
nicating between the Caradon copper mines and the
Cheesewring granite (pianies on the one hand and the
Port of Looe on the other; and rt has jiaper mills. The
valley is spanned by a very long railuay viaduct, IHO
feet high, supported on tapering piers of stone, and cc-
tending from liill to hill.
MOOR (Tliii), a townsliip in Bodenham p.arish, Here-
fordshire; 7\ miles NNE of Hereford. Pop., 201.
MOOR (Tuk), a ville, in Stoke-St. Milborough parish,
Salop; 54 miles NE of Ludlow.
ilOOUTIIORPE, a hamlet in South Kirkby township
and [i.iri.-ih, W. R. Yorkshire; 6.^ miles S ot I'oiitcfract.
MOORTHWAITE, a township in Cumwhitton parish,
Cuinberlnnd : ou the river Eden, 8 miles fSE by E of Car-
lisle. Real i)roperty, £1,129. Pop,, 144. Houses, 20.
Here is a meet for the Aikton harriers.
MOORTOX, a place in the SW of Devon; 3i miles E
of Tavistock.
MOORTON, a hamlet in Falfieldand Moorion tything,
Tlif.rnliury parish, Ghiuc.v,ter; 1 mile NE o!'Tliornbui-y.
iM(jOl;Tl)X, a liamlet in Northmoor parisli, Oxford-
.^hire; 5 miles SW of 0::f jrd.
JSIOORTOX, Lincoln. See Mooi'.Tr.\vN.
MOOR-TOJ' a hamlet in A'.kuurtli parisli, AV. R.
Yorkshire; 3} miles SSAV of Pontefiact.
MOOIi-TOWElf, an octa'.^onal brick turret in the cen-
tre of Linculn.Oiiiv; 4 luih-s X of Tatteishall. It is GO
feci high, was ImiR by L'>iil Cromwell, and is supposed
to have been an outpost oi Tatteishall castle.
MOORTOWN, a towiship in Brandsburton parish,
E. R. Yorkshire; 5i miles NW of Hornsea. Acres, 493.
Real property, £477. Pop., 27. Houses, 14.
MOORTOWN, a township, conjoint with Cotwall, in
Ercall-Magua parish, Salop; 5 miles NW of Wellington.
MOORTOWN, n tything in Fivehead parish, Somer-
set; 4^ miles SW of Langport. Pop., 24.
MOORTOWN, Northumberland and Cumberland.
See JIURTOX.
MOORTOWN, or Moorton, a hamlet in South Kel-
sey parish, Lincoln ; on the Lincoln, Market-Rasen, and
Hull railway, 3} miles SW of Caistor. It has a station
on the railway, serving for Caistor, and a Wesleyan cha-
pel. Pop., 77.
MOOR (West), See Westmoor.
MOOflWINSTOW, or Morwenstow, a parish in
Stratton district, Cornwall ; on the coast, at the boundary
wth Devon, 6 mUes NXW of Stratton, and 22 NNW of
Launceston r. station. It contains the hamlets of Moor-
winstow, Coombe, Crosstown, Eastcot, Gooseham, Wood-
ford, and Woolley; and its post-town is Stratton, Corn-
wall. Acres, 7,956; of which 30 are water. Real pro-
perty, £5,176. Pop. in 1851, 1,094; in 1861, 863.
Houses, 189. The decrease of pop. arose partly from
emigration. Tlie property is divided among a few. Lea
belonged to Lord Carteret, and Stanbury was the birth-
place of Bishop Stanbury of Hereford. Chapel House
and Cleave House are chief residences. The coast abounds
in high cliffs and magnificent scenery; and the interior
is furrowed by deep and finely wooded hollows. A strik-
ing example of curved and contorted stratified rocks oc-
curs at Stanbury creek. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of Exeter. Value, £276. Patron, the Bishop of
Exeter. The chiuch stands near a cliff at Moorwinstow
hamlet ; includes very interesting portions of Norman
architecture, particularly the entrance-doorway and the
arcades; has a S aisle and a chancel of 1300, with subse-
quent additions and alterations; contains an elaborate
screen, and costly old monuments of the Kempthornes
and the Waddous; and was recently in bad condition.
The churchyard contains some affecting memorials of
boat-wreck on the adjacent shores, 'i'here are a Wesleyan
chapel, a national school, and charities, £10. Sir W.
Adams, the distinguished oculist, was a native; and the
Rev. R. S. Hawker, author of "Echoes from Old Corn-
wall," is vicar.
JIOORWOOD, a hamlet in Bradfieldchapelry.Ecclcs-
field parish, W. R. Yorkshire; under Bradfield Point,
6.'i miles NW of Sheffield.
'MORANTS-COl' RT-HILL, an eminence in the W of
Kent; 3 miles NW of Sevenoaks. It commands a tine
view.
JIORBORN; a parish in the district of Peterborough
and county of Huntingdon; li mile E of BiUing brook,
at the boundary with Northampton, 2 NW of Stilton,
and 3 J SSW of Overton r. station. Post-town, Peter-
borough. Acres, 1,174. Real property, £1,500. Pop.,
132. Houses, 23. The property is all in one estate.
Tlie living is a rectory in the diocese of Ely. Value,
£271. Patron, the IXev. Dr. Vincent. The church is
Norman and early English, with a tower; and is in toler-
able condition.
JIOKCHARD-BISHOP. See Bisnop-MoRruAr.D.
MORCHAUn-CllUWYS. See CRUwvs-Jbatcii.uiD.
M(JRCHA1;D-R().\D, a railuay station in Devon; on
the North Devon railway, between Copplestone and Lap-
ford stations, and st-rviiig for Bishop-Moichard.
MORCOTT, a village and a parish in Uppingham dis-
trict, Rutland. The village stands on an alUuent of th?
river Chater, and on the Rugby and Stamford railway, 2
miles SW of Luffeiihaiii r. station, and 4 E by N of Up-
liingham; and has a post-ollice under Uppingham. 'I'ho
railway passes under part of it. Tlie parish comprises
\,'Ui acres. Real property, £3,185.' Pop, in 185], 667;
iu 1861, 494. Houvs, 118. The decrease of jiop, was
caused bj' the removal of labourers employed on the rail-
way. Tiio projicrt)' is much subdivided. 'I'lie manor,
with Morcott Hall, belongs to S. R. Fydell, Ksq. TJio
living is a rectory in the diocese of Peterborough. Value,
MORDENT
372
MORELEIGH.
£440.* Tatron, Mrs. ThoroM. The church is Kurnian,
iagooJconditiou; has a tower, with short k-ad-covereJ
spire ; and contaius an old mouument of W. de Ovcrtou.
There are a Baptist chapel, a national school, and an en-
dowed hospital for sue poor unmarried persons, each of
whom receives £36 a-year.
MORDEN', a village and a parish in Wareham dis-
trict, Dorset. The village stands 3.J miles S\V of Bai-
ley-Gate r. station, and 5^- N by E of Wareham; and has
a post-office under Blandford. The parish contains also
the hamlets of Charborough, Sandford, and Slierford.
Acres, 6,574. Real property, £5,168. Pop. in 1S51,
1,018 ; in 1861, 939. Houses, 194. The manor, with
Charborough Park, belongs to Jliss Drax. The living
is a vicarage in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £250.*
Patron, Jliss Drax. The church is ancient; consists of
nave and chancel, with embattled tower; contains monu-
ments of the Erie and the Drax families, and, in 1867,
was in bad repair. There are a Wesleyan chapel, a free
school, alms-houses, and some charity lauds.
MORDEN, Durham and Sussex. See Mordon.
MORDEN, Cambridge. See Guilden-Morden and
Steeple-Morden.
MORDEN COLLEGE. See Black heath.
MORDIFORD, a village and a parish in the district
and county of Hereford. The village stands on the river
Lug, near its influx to the Wye, and under Backbury
hill, 2 miles NNE of Holme-Lacy r. station, and 44
ESE of Hereford; and has a post-ofiice under Hereford,
a bridge over the Lug, and a recently-erected bridM over
the Wye. The parish contains also the hamlets of
Checkley, Checkley-Green, Sufton, and the Rook. Acres,
1,478. Real property, £2,707. Pop., 691. Houses,
149. The property is divided among a few. The manor
belongs to Lady Emily Foley. The rocks are iuterestiug
to geologists; form outlying ridges of the great Silurian
valley of elevation; and include much limestone, very rich
in fossils. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Here-
ford. Value, £318.* Patron, Lady Emily Foley. The
chui-ch has Nomrau portions ; is chiefly later English; has
a transept rebuilt in 1852, and a tower rebuilt in 1814; has
also a memorial window to the eldest daughter of R.
Hereford, Esq.; and contains a piscina, an ancient
monument, an effigies with a very ancient inscription,
and a memorial of a very remarkable storm which passed
over the vOlage in 1811. There are a national school,
and charities £7.
LIORDON, a township in Sedgefield parish, Durham ;
on the river Skerne, near the Great North of England
and the Clarence railways, 8 miles NE of Darlington.
Acres, 1,537. Real property, £1,536. Pop., 179.
Houses, 35. Mordon Carr here is a tract of bog land.
MORDON, a vUlage and a parish in Croydon district,
Surrey. The village stands 1\ mile SW of the river
Wandlo, IJ SSW of a station of its own name on the
Wimbledon and Croydon railway, and 5^ WNW of Croy-
don; and has a post-office, under Mitcham, London S.
The parish comprises 1,422 acres. Rcid property, £5,039.
Pop., 654. Houses, 125. The property is divided
among a few. The manor belonged once to Blerton
abbe^ and belongs now to R. Garth, Esf\. Slordon Hall
was formerly the manor-house, and is now a school.
Mordon Park, ilordon Hill, ilordon Lodge, and the
Rectoi-j- are chief residences. Snufl'-nxUls arc on the
river; and a large brickfield was lately opened on Mordon
Common. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Winchester. Value, £353.* Patron, R. Garth, Esii- The
church was rebuilt of brick in 1G36; has stone decorated
\vindows, which probably belonged to the previous church;
has also an embattled tower; and contains some brasses
and monuments. There are an endowed school with
£36 a-year, an endowed Sunday school with £30, and
charities £2.9.
MORE, a towTiship and a parish in Clun district,
Salop. The township lies on the river Onny, near the
boundary with Wales, 2i miles NNE of I5ishops-Caslle
r. station. The parish contaius also the townships of
Linley and Moreswood ; and its post-town, is Bishops-
Castle, Shropshire. Acres, 3,533. Real property, £2,653.
Pop., 227. Houses, 40. The manor belongs to the
Rev. T. F. More. There are ancient Norman shooting
butts, and several ancient camp?. The living is a rec-
tory in the diocese of Hereford. Value, £270.* Patron,
tlie Rev. T. F. More. The church was recently rebuilt,
and has a tower. There are an endowed school \. ith £5
a-ycar, and charities £5.
MORE, a constablewick, conjoint with Conningswick,
in Rock parish, Worcester; i\ miles SW of Bewdley.
MOREBATH, a village and a parish in Tiverton dis-
trict, Devon. The village stands on a bold acclivity,
near the boundary with Sonierset, and near the conflu-
ence of the rivers Exe and Barle, 2 miles N by AV of
Bampton, and 9 N by W of Tiverton r. station; was
anciently called Murbath and ilurbade; and has a post-
office under Tiverton. The parish comprises 2,449 acres.
Real property, £3,882. Pop. in 1351, 514; in 1861, 430.
Houses, 89. The property is divided among a few. The
manor belonged formerly to Barlinch prioT}% and belongs
now to M. Bere, Esq. Part of the surface rises into
lofty hills. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Exeter. Value, £195.* Patron, M. Bere, Esq. The
church is ancient; has remains of a window brought from
Barlinch priory Ln the 16th century; and was recently in
bad condition. Charities, £22.
MOREBY, a township in Stillin<,rfleet parish, E. R.
Yorkshire; on the river Ouse, 5i miles S of York.
MORECAMliE, a seaport-village, conjoint with Poul-
ton-le-Sands, iu Lancaster parish, Lancashire ; on a
bight of Morecambe bay, at the terminus of a railway
from Lancaster, 3J miles WNW of Lancaster. It has a
post-of&ce,* under Jjancaster, a railway station with tele-
graph, a hotel, and a harbour; and it combines with
Poulton in oft'ering sea-bathing facilities for summer
visitors.
MORECAMBE BAY, a sea-inlet on the coast of Lan-
cashire and Westmoreland; entering between Rossall
Point, 2J- miles W of Fleetwood, and Haws Point, at the
S extremity of Walney Island, belonging to Furness. It
measures 10 miles across the entrance; it extends 19
miles north-eastward to the mouth of the river Kent; it
expands, in the lower part of the SE side, into Lancaster
bay; it connects, at the middle of the NAY side, with the
estuary of the river Leven; and it has a mean breadth of
about 10 miles. It presents a grand appearance when
the tide is up; but is nearly all a waste of sands, with
shifting pieces of soft and dangerous bottom, during a
long period between tide and tide. The sands can be
crossed on foot; and they foiTued, from remote times,
the line of communication between central Lancashire
and Fulness; but they ought never, ou any account, to
be attempted by a stranger without a guide. The views
from them include a great sweep of country, away to the
Furness mountains and to the backbone of England;
and are very imposing. She southern and central por-
tions are otten called Lancaster Sands; and the north-
western portions, toward the mouth of the Leven, are
called Leven Sands. The bay is noticed by Ptolemy as
iloricambe estuary.
MORECAMBE BAY, an inlet of the Solway frith, on
the NW coast of Cumberland; entering between Grune
Point and a point Sj miles WSW of Bowness. It mea-
sures 3 miles across the entrance; penetrates 4i miles
south-south-eastward, to the mouth of the river Waver;
makes a considerable ramification, ou the E side, up the
course of the Wampool river; and is sometimes called
the Wampool estuaiT.
MORECAMBE RAILWAY, a railway in Lancashire;
fi-om the Northwestern at Lanc;v3ter, 3} miles west-north-
westward, to ^Morecambe village. It was opened iu
^ 1849.
MORE-CRITCHELL. See Cr.iTCUF.LLMooRE.
MOREDON, a t>-thiug in Rodborne Cheney parish,
Wilts; 3\ iiiile.s NW of Swindon. Pop., 239.
MORE-GREEN, a hamlet in the W of the Isle of
Wight; 14 mile SW of Yarmouth.
MORELEIGH, or JIorlky, a village and a parish in
Totnes district, Devon. The village stands 2.\ miles E
of the river Avon, and 5\ SSW of Totnes r. station; was
MORF.LSEND.
373
MORETON-CUM-ALCUMLOW.
cncc a market-town ; is now ,i seat of petty sessions; and
tjives the titlu of Karl to tho family of Parker. The
parish comprises 4S7 acres. Post-town, Totnos. Keal
propertv, witli Flalwcll, £i,7ii. Rated proi)erty of M.
alone, iti7S. Pop. in ISol, 15S ; in ISUl, 122. Houses,
27. Tiie. property is divided among a few. Stan-
boroiii;h fort, an ancient strength whiih gave uanio to
the huudre 1 of Stanborough, stood here. The parish is
a resort of .sportsmen. The living is a rectory in the
diocese of Exeter. Value, £1S0.* Patron, " II. M.
Stockdale, Esq. The church is of the time of Edward
1., and w;us re^-ently in a dilapidated couditiou.
MORELS-EXl), a pliice in the NW of Gloucestershire;
3| miles NW of Gloucester.-
MORESBAKUOW'. See Mookksb.\krow.
MORESBY, a village, a township, and a parish, in
Whitehaven district, Cumberland. The village stands
on the co.xst, near Parton r. station, 2 miles NNE of
Whitehaven; oceuines the site of the Roman station
Arbeia ; and has yielded a number of Roman relics, in-
cluding structures and inscri)itions. The township in-
cludes tho village, and extemls into the count^3^ Keal
property, £3,24'i. Pop. in 18.il, 533; in 1861, 463.
Houses, 101. The parish contains also the township of
Parton, which has a post-ottioe under Whitehaven.
Acres, 2,187; of which 52 are water. Real property,
£i,Zio. Pop. in ISol, 1,311; in 1S61, 1,222. Houses,
268. The property is divided among a few. The manor
Mongs to the Earl of Lonsilale. iloresby Hall is a
mansion after a design by Inigo Jones. There is an iron
foundry. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Car-
lisle. Value, £105. Patron, the Earl of Lonsdale. The
church stands on an eminence, within an ancient camp
330 feet square ; and is a modern edifice, with a tower.
There is an endowel school, with £42 a-year.
MORESTEAD, a parish in Winchester district, Hants;
3 miles SE of Winchester r. station. Post-town, Win-
chester. Acres, 1,519. Real property, £996. Pop.,
112. Houses, 24. The property is divided among a
few. A tract of about 5 acres bears the name of No-
Man's- Land, and is free from all rates and taxes except
the county rate. The living i,s a rectory in the diocese
of Winchester. Value, £180.* Patron, the Bishop of
Winchester. The church has a bell-tun'et, and is good.
MORESWOOD, a township in Jlore parisli, Salop; 2
miles NE of Bishops-Castle. Pop., 63.
ilORETON, or .Mortox, a Saxon topographical name,
corrupted from Moor-Town, and generally applied to
places originally on or near a moor.
MORETON, a liberty in Dintoii parisli, Bucks; 3
miles SSW of Aylesbury. Acres, 640. Real property,
£1,37S. Pop., 14.
J[01U;TOX. a hundred in Berks; bounded, on the E,
by the river Thames, which separates it from Oxford-
shire; and containing Ashampstead parish, N and S
Jloretou parishes, ten other parishes, and parts of two
others. Acres, 2,264. Pop. in 1851, 5,941; in 1861,
6,487. Houses, 1,419.
MORETOX, a village and a parish in Wareham dis-
trict, Dorset. The village stands on the river Frome, 1 j
mile N ff a .station of its own name on the Southampton
ami Dorchester railway, 7 miles E of Dorchester; and
Las a post-ofhce under Dorchester. The parish com-
j.riscs 2,311 acres. Real i)ro]]ert3-, £2,032. Pop., 283.
Houses, 52. The jirop'^rty all belongs to H. Framplon,
Esq. ; and Moreton House is Mr. F.'s seat. The living
is a rectory in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £220.*
Patron, H. Franipton, Esq. The church is good, and
contains a br.iss and several monuments. The charities
aniount to £134, and one of them is shucil liy two ad-
jacent parishes. -
MORETON, a village and a parish in Oiigar distrii;t,
Ess;'X. The village stands on an atlluont of tho river
Roding, 3 inilei N by W of Ongar r. station, and 5;,' .N'l'".
of Epping; and has a post-ollice und'-r Ongar. The
]iari3!i comprises 1,421 acres. Real pr(q)eity, £2,519.
l'o[>., 497. Houses, 104. Tlie pro[arLy "is diviihid
among a few. Tlie living is a rectory in the diocese of
Kc)cliest-'i-. Value, £375.* Patron, St. John's College,
Cambridge. The church is a plain building, with brick
tower and shingled spire. There arc an Independent
chapel, an endowed national school, with £35 a-year,
and charities £20.
MORETON, a township, conjoint with Ashton, in
Eye parish, Hereford; on the Leominster caual, 3J miles
N of Leominster.
MORETON, a hamlet in Thame parish, Oxford; 1
mile SW of Thame. Pop., 215.
MORE TOM, a township in Cohvich parisli, Stafford;
3^ miles NNW of Rugeley. Pop., 42.
MORETON, a hamlet and a chapelry in Gnosall par-
ish, Stalford. The hamlet lies adjacent to the boundary
with Salop, near the Shropshire Union railway, 3 miles
ESE of Newport r. station. Real property, with Wil-
brighton, £4,229. The chapelry was constituted Jn
1845; and its post-town is Newport, Saloji. Pop., 679.
Houses, 152. The property is divided among a few.
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Lichfield.
Value, £45.* Patron, the Incumbent of Gnosall. The
church is modern.
MORETON, a hamlet in Draycott-in-tlie-]\Ioors par-
ish, Statl'ord; 4^ miles SE of Uttoxcter.
ilORETON, a township and a chapelry in Bidstone
parish, Cheshire. The township lies on the Hoylake
railway, 4i miles WNW of Birkenhead; bears the name
of Morcton-cuni-Linghani ; and ha-s a station, of the
name of Moreton, on the railway. Acres, 1,193. Real
property, £2,279. Pop., 361. Houses, 59. The cha-
pelry contains also the township of Saughall-Massey; and
was constituted in 1863. Post-town, Birkenhead. Acres,
2,123. Pop., 563. Houses, 89. The manor belongs to
R. VjTier, Esq. The living is a rectory in the diocese
of Chester. Value, £208.* Patron, W. Inman, Esq.
The church was built in 1863, at a cost of £7,900, de-
frayed by W. Inman, Esq.; is in the early English style,
of local white stone; and has a spire 100 feet high. There
is a national school.
MORETON, a sub-district in Shipston-on-Stour dis-
trict; registrationally in Warwick, but electorally both
in Warwick and in Gloucester. It contains the parish of
Moreton-in-the-Marsh, and seven other parishes. Acres,
20,612. Pop., 6,0S6. Hou.ses, 1,333.
MORETON, a railway station in Herefordshire; on
the Shrewsbury and Hereford railway, at Moreton-upon-
Lugg, 4| miles N of Hereford.
ilORETON, Derby, Lincoln, &c. See Morton.
MORETON, or Mohtox, a township in Oswestry par-
ish, and a chapelry partly also in Llanyblodwell parish,
Salop. The township lies on the Montgomeiy canal and
the Cambrian railway, between Oll'a's dyke and Watt's
dyke, near Pant r. station, 2 miles from the boundary
with Wales, and 3i S of Oswestry. Pop., 147. The
chapelry was constituted in 1861; and includes also the
townships of Crickheath, Llynclys, and Sweeney. Post-
town, Oswestry. Pop. of the 0. portion, 766. Houses,
161. Pop. of the L. portion, 57. Houses, 13. The
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St. Asaph. A'"alue,
£669. Patron, the Lord Chancellor.
MORETON-RAGOT. See MoiiTo.v-B.vr.Gorr.
MORICTON-CORBET, a village ami a i)arish in Wem
district, Salop. The village stands on tlie river Roden,
3^ miles E of Yovton r. station, and 44 SE of Wem. The
parish contains also part of the township of Preston-
Brockhurst, which has a post-otlicc under Shrewsbury.
Acres, 2,140. Rated property, £2,418. Pop., 255.
Houses, 51. The manor and all the laud belong to
Sir V. It. Corbet, Bart. Moreton-Corbet Castle was
erected in the ICth century, on the site of a previous
castle; was burnt in the civil war of Charles L; and is
now a fine ruin. Several mills are on the Koden. The
living is a rcctorv in the diocese of Lichtield. Value,
£361.* Patron, Sir V. R. Corbet, Bart. The church is
ancient; has a tower and several stained windows; and
contains ancient elligies and monunients of the Corbet.s.
Charities, £6.
M0RETONCLr.M-.\LCU.MLOW, a township in A.st-
bury jiarish, Cheshire; near the Macclesfield canal, 24
I miles S.SW of Ccnglc-ton. Acres, 1.100. Real property.
MORETON-CUM-LINGHAM.
374
MORETON-UPON-LUGG.
£1,879. Pop., 119. Houses, 21. Moreton Hall here
is a timbered house of the time of Elizabetli.
MORETON-CUM-LINGHAM. See Moretok, Che-
shire.
MORETON-HAMPSTEAD, a smaU toivii, a parish,
and a sub-district, in Ne\vton- Abbot district, Devon. The
town stands on a gentle eminence, on the E verge of
Dartmoor, at the terminus of the Moreton-Hampstead
and South Devon railway, 2J miles S of the river Teign,
and 12 WS W of Exeter; was entered by Sir Thomas Fair-
fax, with his army, in Jan. 1616; is suiTounded on aO sides,
except the W, by lofty hills; enjoys a remarkably salu-
brious climate, insomucli that its inhabitants present a
singularly healthful and robust appearance; has environs
strewn with' huge fragments of rocks, and presenting a
bold contrast of cultivated land on the foreground to the
barren heights of Dartmoor in the background; consists
of one principal street and two or three smaller ones,
with houses chiefly old, mean, thatched, and iiregularly
built; contains an old cross and an arcaded poor-house of
the 17th century; is governed by a portreeve and other
officers ; and has a post-officej: under Exeter, a railway
station, two chief inns, a market-house and shambles,
a church, four dissenting chapels, a national school, an
endowed school with £10 a-year, and charities, £31. The
market-house and shambles were buUt in 1827, at the ex-
pense of Lord Courtenay ; but they are little used. The
church is ancient; comprises nave, aisles, transeptal
porch, and chancel; and contains a carved wooden screen.
An elm-tree is at the enti-ance of the churchyard; and the
branches of it are said to have been trained to support a
stage for dancing. The dissenting chapels are for Calvin-
ists. Baptists, Wesleyans, and Unitarians. A weekly
market is held on Saturday; and fairs, on tlie Saturday
before Whit-Suuday, the third Tliursday of July, the
first Tuesday of Oct!, and the last Thursday of Nov. The
woollen trade was formerly carried on to a considerable
extent, but began to decline about 1810, and is now de-
funct. George Bidder, the famous mental calculator,
was a native. — The parish comprises 7,656 acres. Real
property, £7,947. Pop. in 1851, 1,858; in 1861, 1,-16S.
Houses, 330. The decrease of pop. arose from the junc-
tion of small farms, and from the introduction of agri-
cultural machinery. The manor belongs to the Earl of
Devon. Cranbrook Castle, overlooking the Teign valley,
is an ancient entrenchment, with a double fosse on the
N side. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Exeter.
Value, £401.* Patron, the Earl of Devon.— The sub-dis-
trict contains also tliree other parishes. Acres, 22,642.
Pop., 2,718. Houses, 562.
MORETON-HAMPSTEAD AND SOUTH DEVON
RAILWAY, a railway in Devon ; from a junction with
the South Devon line at Wolborough, 12J miles north-
north-westward, to JIoreton-Hampstead. It was autho-
rized in 1862, on a capital of £105,000 in shares, and
£35,000 in loans; and was completed in the early nart of
1867. ^
MORETON-IN-THE-ilARSH, a small town and a
parish in the district of Shipstou-on-Stour and county of
Gloucester. The town stands on thu Fossu way and on the
West Midland railway, near the meetmg-poiut of thecoun-
ties of Gloucester, Oxford, Warwick, and Worcester, 7
milesSWbySofShipstnn-on-Stour; consists chietly of one
street; has, within the last few years, been considerably
improved; publishes a weekly newspaper; and ha.s a
head post-office,t a railway station with telegraph, two
banking-oSices, two chief inns, a jxjlice station, a public
reading room, a church, an ludepeiideut chapel, and na-
tional and British schools. The church is ancii-nt ; was
restored in 1861, at a cost of £2,000; and consists of
nave, aisles, and chancel, with tower and lofty spire.
The Independent chapel is a handsome edifice. A weekly
market is held on Tuesday; cattle fairs are held on the
.second Tuesday of every month; cheese fairs are held oa
the second Tuesday of April, Aug., and Oct. ; and there
are two linen manufactories. Tlie i)ari>;h comprises 900
acres. Real property, £5,090; of which £80 are in gas-
works. Pop, in 1st:, 1,512; in 1861, 1,420. Houses,
S02. The iv.anor was ;;iveu. at the Norman connuest,
to Westminster abbey. The living is a p. curacy, an-
nexed to the rectory of Bourton-on-the-ilili, in the dio-
cese of (iloucester and BristoL
MORETON-JEFFPJES, a parish in Bromyar.l dis-
trict, Hereford; 4^ miles N of Stoke-Edith r. station, and
5S SW of Bromyard. Post-town, Hereford. Acres, 703.
Real property, £521. Pop., 41. Houses, 6. The pro-
perty is all in one e.'-tate. The living is a p. curacy in
the diocese of Hereford. Value, £50. Patrons, tha Deiin
and Chapter of Ilerelbrd. The church has a small tower
and contains monuments of the Westwoods.
MORETON (Maids). See Maids-Moreton
MORETON - JIORRELL, a parish in Stratford - on-
Avou district, Warwickshire; on the Fosse way, 5 miles
WSW of Harbury r. station, and 6J S by E of'Wanvick.
Post-town, Kineton, under Warwick. Acres, 536. Real
property, £1,855. Pop., 266. Houses, 59. The manor
belongs to John Little, Esq. Moreton Hall is the seat
of John Ford, Esq. ; and Moretou House, of T. H. Ward,
Esq. Limestone abounds; and there is a petrifying
spring. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of
Worcester. Value, £120.* Patron, John Little, Esq.
The church consists of nave, middle aisle, and chancel,
with porch and tower. There are a Wesleyan chapel and
a free school.
MORETON (North), a village and a parish in Wall-
ingford district, Berks. The village stands near the
Great Western railway, 3 mUes E6E of Didcot r. station,
and 3 W of Wallingford. The parish comprises 1,103
acres. Post-town, Wallingford. Real propert}', £2,191.
Pop., 352. Houses, 77. The property is subdivided.
The manor belongs to iL C. Greenwood, Esq. The liv-
ing is a vicarage in the diocese of Oxford. Value, £230.*
Patron, the Archdeacon of Berks. The church was built
in 1290 ; is in good condition; has a low tower; and con-
tains a curious ancient water-drain, and some old monu-
ments. There are a Primitive Methodist chapel, and a.
parochial school.
MORETON-PINKNEY. See Moktox-Pinkney.
MORETON-SAY, a township, a parish, and a sub-
district, in JIarket-Drayton district, Salop. The town-
ship lies on a small affluent of the river Tern, 2 milcj
SSW of the boundary mth Cheshire, 24 WNW of the
boundary with Stafford, and 3 W of ilarket-Drayton i:
station. The parish contains also the townships of
Bletchley, Longford, and Styche; and its post-town is
Market-Draj^on. Acres, 4,804. Real projierty, £6,851.
Pop., 679. Houses, 137. The property is divided
among a few. The manor belongs to R. Corbet and W.
Tayleur, Esqs. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese
of Lichfiehl. Value, £200. Patron, the Rector of Hod-
net. The church is of the 14th century; was cased with
brick in 1788; has a tower; and contains memorials of
the distinguished Lord Clive, who was interred hero, and
monuments to the Clive family and to the Vernons.
There are a Wesleyan chapel, and charities £20. — The
sub-district contains also two other parishes and a cha-
pelry electorally in Salop, a pari.sh and live townships
electorally in Statford, and a township electorally iu
Cheshire. Acres, 21,490. Pop., 3,923. Houses, 815.
MORETON (South), a village and a p.irisii in Wall-
uigford district, Berks. The village stands ou a small
aQluent of the river Thames, near the Great We.steru
railway, 2 J miles NW of Wallingford-Road r. station,
and 4 WSW of Wallingford ; and has a j)ost-oHice under
Wallingford. The palish contains also the ham.let of
Fulscot, and comprises 1,470 acres. Real property,
£2,711. Pop., 371. Huuses, 81. The property is di-
vided amon^ a few. The manor belongs to J. Sadgrove,
Esij. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Oxlm-d.
Value, £250.* Patron, Alagdaleu Hall, Oxford. The
church is early English, in good condition; and com-
prises two aisles, part of one of which forms the chancel.
There are an Independent chapel, a national school, and
charities £50.
MOKETOX-UPON-LUOG, a village and a jKiri-sh in
the district and county of Hereford. The village stands
on the river Lug, adjacent to the Shri-wsbury and thrt
Hereford railway, 4} miles N of Hereford ; and has a
MOKETON-VALENCE.
375
MOKLEY.
station on the railway. The parish coiiipiises SS5 acres.
Post-town, Hereford. Keil property, £1,480. Fop., 77.
Hou.ses, 12. The ]iropiMty bt-lonj?; to the Ecclesiastical
Coinmissioncrs. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
HereforiL Value, i'212.* Patron, the Prebendary of
Moreton-Magua. The church is ancient, and has a
tower.
3I0RET0X-VALENCE, a parish, with a scattered
village, in ^V^leatenhurst district, Gloucester ; on the
Gloucester and Berkeley canal, 24 miles WSW of Hares-
field r. station, and SJ NNAV of Stonehouse. Post-
town, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire. Acres, 1,432; of
which 33 are water. Keal property, £3,972; of which
£250 are in the canal, and £520 in railways. Pop., 337.
Houses, 75. The property' is much subdivided. Stan-
dish House belongs to Lord Sherborne, and is occupied
Tjy R. Potter, Esq. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of Gloucester and Bristol. Value, £85. Pa-
tron, the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol. The church
is chiefly later English; consists of nave, S aisle, and
chancel, with a to>Ver; and was recently repaired. A
section of the parish, which contained a pop. of 180 in
1861, is within Framilode chapeh-y. "~
MORETOWN, a hamlet in Canfdrd-Magna parish,
Dorset; 3J miles SE of Wimborne.
IIORFA, a township in Llangelynin parish, Merioneth;
4J miles NNW of Towj-n. Real property, £651; of
which £20 are in mines.
MORFA-BYCHAN, a place 2 miles from Portmadoc,
in Carnarvonshire; with a post-office under Carnarvon.
MORFA-NEVIN, a place in the Lleyn peninsida, Car-
narvonshire; 6.L miles NW of Pwlheli. It has a post-
office under Pwlheli.
MORFE, a hilly tract in Quatford parish, Salop; 2,\
miles SE of Bridgnorth. It was once a forest; it has five
tumuli, and a hermitage care; and it commantLs a good
view.
ilORFIL. See Morvil.
MORICAMBE. See Morecambr.
3I0R1CE, or JIor.rcE-Tow.N-, a suburb of Devonport,
a chapelry, and a sub-district, in Stoke-Damerel district,
Devon. The suburb lies on the NW of Devonport-pro-
per, beyond the lines with which the town and arsenal
are surrounded; is included within Dcvenport borough;
took its name from the Morices, who held the manor of
Stoke-Damerel from 1677 till 1749 ; has wharves on a
creek of the Haraoaze, Keyham steam-basin, a block-
touse, a powder magazine, and a large brewery; and i.s
inhabited chiefly by persons employed in the docks, or
connected with them. — The chapelry bears the name of
St. Jamcs-the-Great, and was constituted in 1846. Pop.
in 1S61, 6,655. Houses, 596. The living a p. curacy
in the diocese of Exeter. Value, £300. Patron, alter-
nately the Crown and the Eisliop. The church is noticed
in the article Devonpokt. A Bible Christian chapel,
with 5(i0 sittings, and an adjoining school-room with
capacity for 200 children, were built in 1865. — Tlio sub-
district is much larger than the chapelry. Pop. in 1S51,
9,372; in 1861, 14,039. Houses, 833.
MORIDUNUM. See Buoadhk.muury.
MORLAIS CA.STLK. See .Mkrtuyk-Tydvil.
MOUL.\ND, a village, a township, a parish, and a
.sub-district, in "West Ward district, Westmoreland.
The \-ilL\4e stands near the river L>-veunet, 2.^ miles S
by E of Cliburu r. station, and 5,1 NW by W of Apideby;
and has a post-ot'.ice under Penrith. Tlie to\\nislii{i in-
cludes the village, and (extends into the couutrv. Real
jiroperty, £2,225. Pop., 420. Houses, 92.— The parish
contain.^ also the townshijis of Thrimhy, Little Strick-
]\nl. Great Strickland, Mewby, Slt-ag'ill, and Kings-
Me.iburn, and the chapelry of Bnlton. Acres, 15,260.
Keal property, £12,750. Pop., 1,927. Houses, 381.
Thi' pniperty is much stib-diviued. Tli^- manor ludong.Ml
anciently to Ivu do Talebcis; was given in p.irt, by his
grandson, to St. Slary's abbey at York; and belongs" now
to th(! Ecclesiastical Commissioners. Bnley Castle, now
a ruin, was an episcoial residence. Several old man-
sions are now farm-houses. Souie mona-itic buildings
cxisfd in conneetion with St. Mary's at York, and have
left some traces. Limestone and freestone are quarried,
and coal of an inferior quality is found. There are linen
and tape manufactories, and corn and saw mills. The
living is a vicarage iu the diocese of Carlisle. Value,
"£177°* Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle.
The church includes portions as early as the time of
Henry II.; was mainly rebuilt in the last century; is
large, cruciform, and good; has a tower, with low spire;
and contains a brass ""of 1562, and a tablet to Lieut. -
General F. Markham. The p. curacies of Tlirimby and
Bolton are separate benefices. There are chapels for
Quakers and Wesleyans, a village library, a free school,
and charities £82.-^ — The sub-district contains also three
other ].arishes. Acres, 59,414. Pop., 4,212. Houses,
829.
HORL.AS (The), a river of Carmarthenshiie; falling
into the Taf.
MORLESTON AND IJTCIIURCH, a hundred in
Derby; bounded, on the N, by Scarsdale, — on the E, by
the river Erewash, separating it from Notts, — on the S,
by the river Trent, and by Keptou and Gresley, — on the
W, by Appletree; and containing Allcstree parish,
twenty-two other parishes, and parts of eight other par-
ishes. Acres, 78,051. Pop. in 1851, 45,639; in 1861,
57,563. Houses, 11,946.
MORLEY, a hamlet iu Wilmslow parish, Cheshire; 2
miles NW of AVilmslow. It is a scattered place; con-
tains many recent cottages and genteel houses ; contains
also gas-works, erected in 1865 for supplying all Wilms-
low parish; and has chapels for Baptists, Quakers, and
Weslej-ans, and a boarding-school. Pownall Hall here
was anciently a .seat of the Pownall family, has been
modernized, and is now the seat of T. Hobson, Esq. A
tree. comprising 1,000 cubic feet of timber, grew on Great
Oak farm, and was felled in 1790.
MORLEY, a township and a parish in Belper district,
Derbyshire. The to^vnship lies 2J miles E of Little
Eaton r. station, and 4^ NE of Derby; and has a pillar
letter-box under Derby. Real properl}', £2,933. Pop.,
230. Houses, 54. The parish contains also the town-
ship of Smalley, and comprises 3,513 acres. Real pro-
pei-ty, £5,992. Pop. in 1851, 1,090; iu 18G1, 951.
Houses, 213. The property is subdivided. Morley Hall
is the seat of R. S. \V. Sitwell, Esq.; and Smalley
Manor House is the seat of John Radford, Esq. Traces
exist of a Roman road. The living is a rectory, united
with thecha[)eliy of Smalley, in the diocese of Lichfield.
Value, £663. * Patron, alternately E. D. Sitwell, Esq.
and the Trustees of the late Sir Hugh Bafeman, Bart,
The church, excepting the tower, was rebuilt in 1850;
is in the decorated English style; comprises nave, N aisle,
and chancel, with pinnacled tower; and contains some
brasses and old monuments of the Stathunis and the
Sacheverells, and two recent monuments to W. Turbutt,
Esq., and the Rev. R. B. Turbutt. There are a Wes-
leyan chapel in ilorley, a chapel of e.aso and a Baptist
chapel in Smalley, national schools in both Jlorley and
Smalley, alms-houses with £30 a-year in Jlorley, and
charities £50 in Sinallej'.
AIORLEY, a small tovra, a township, a chapelry, a
sub-district, and a wapentake, in W. R. Yorkshire. Tlie
town stands on the Gildersonie branch of the Great
Northern railw.ay, 4\ niilos SW by S of Leeds; carries or.
woollen manufacture, and some trade iu connexion with
mines; is governed by a board of surveyors; and luis a
])ost-ollice :;: under Leeds, a railway station, a mechanics'
institute, public re.iding-rooms, a church, four di'N.senting
chapels, a natidual school useil also as a chapel of Citsc,
and another national school.- — The township contains also
the liai}ilets of lirunti.diire-Thonie, Stump-Cross, Four-
Lanc-Ends, and Howlcy-Hall, and is in Ciatliy parish.
Acres, 2,69^. Peal proj.erty, .fl6,9S6: of which £2,562
are iji mines, £131 in quarries, and .t':;35 iu g;is-works.
Pop. in 1S,=,1, 4,S21; iu 1861, 6,810. Houses, 1,427.
The increase of pop. arose from the extension of the
woollen trade anil of mining ojierations. The manor be-
longs to the Earl of Dartmouth. Morlej- House, Morley
Hall, Sjiringtirjd lb. use, Huidc House, and Cross Hall
are chief rcsub.-nces — The chapelry includes also Chirr
JIORLEY.
376
MORPETH.
well township, and was constituted in 1832. Acres,
3,186. Real property, £21,410. Pop., 8,404. Houses,
1,746. The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of Eipon.
Value, £300.* Patron, the Vicar of Batley. The church
stands at Four-Lane-Ends; was built in 1S30; is a plain
stone structure; and consists of nave, aisles; chancel, and
porch, with tower and spire. A parochial church be-
longed to Jlorley before the Norman conquest; became
dependent, at a later period, on the chui'ch of Batley;
was conv-eyed, in the time of Charles I., by the Earl of
Sussex, into the hands of trustees, for the use of Pres-
byterians; was never restored to the Establishment; and
became an Independent chapel. Three Independent
chapels, called St. Mary's, Zion, and Rehoboth, are in
the chapelry; and one of them was enlarged in 1865.
The sub-district is conterminate with the township, and
is in Dewsbury district. — The wapentake is conjoined
with Agbrigg, and is noticed in the article Agbrigg and
MORLEY.
MORLEY, a place in the S of Durham; 5i miles
WNW of Bishop- Auckland.
MORLEY, Devon. See Morleigh.
MORLEY-ST. BOTOLPH, a parish, with a village, in
Forehoe district, Norfolk; 3 miles WSWof "Wymondham r.
station. Post-town, WjTnondham. Acres, 819. Real pro-
perty, £1,773. Pop., 278. Houses, 65. The property is
■dinded among a few. The living is a rectory, united with
the p. curacy of Morley-St. Peter, in the diocese of Nor-
wich. Value, £585.* Patron, the Rev. C. B. Cooper.
The church is good; and consists of nave aud chancel,
with a tower. There are a national school with £8 a-
year from endowment, and a fuel allotment worth £27
.a-year.
MORLEY-ST. PETER, a parish in Forehoe district,
Norfolk; 3 miles NNE of Attleborough r. station, aud
3i S\V of ■\Vyniondhani. Post-town, Wj-mondhani.
Acres, 1,015. Real property, £1,956. Pop., 147.
Houses, 34. The property is dirided among a few.
Morley House and much of the land belong to J. B. G.
Browne, Esq. The living is a p. curacy, annexed to the
rectory of ilorley-St. Botolph, in the diocese of Nor-
wich. The church is good; and consists of nave and
chancel, with a low tower.
MORNAYS. See Endellion.
MORNING-THORPE, a parish in Depwade district,
Norfolk ; 3 mOes E of Forncett r. station, and 7j WNW
of Bungay. Post-town, Long Stratton. Acres, 1,001.
Real property, £2,049. Pop., 140. Houses, 32. The
property is not much divided. The manor of Morning-
Thorpe belongs to E. Howes, Esq. ; and that of Boyland,
with Boyland Hall, belongs to F. W. Irby, Esq. B.
Hall is a fine Tudor mansion of 1551, and stands in a
large and weU-wooded park, with an alcove containing,
over its entrance-porch, a bust of queen Elizabeth,
brought from Tilbury House. The lirtng is a rectory in
the diocese of Norwich. Value, £300.* Patrou, the
Lord Chancellor. The church consists of nave and chan-
cel, with a round tower; and has a fine memorial win-
dow to the late Admiral Irby. Charities, £33.
MORPETH, a town, a townsliip, a parish, a sub-dis-
trict, a district, and a ward, in Northumberland. Tlie
town stands on the river Wansbeck, adjacent to the
Northeastern railway, at the junction with it of the
Wansbeck Valley railway and of the Rlj'th and Tyne
raihvay, 15 miles N of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The name
was originally Moor-path, was afterwards written Jloro-
path, and designates the town as situated on what wa.s
once a moorland road. The place was of small note, not
more at best than a village, in the times of the Saxons
and the Danes; but it rose to some consequence, and
became the seat of a barony, immediately after the Nor-
man conquest. The barony belonged to the ilerley.s, or
De Jlerlais; passed to the Greystocks and the Dacres;
went, by marriage of the heiress of tlie Dacres, to Lord
William Houanl, known as Belted Will; and has de-
s<ended from hira to the Earl of Carlisle. A ca-stle was
built, on what is now a tree-fringed jnoiind, by William
di! Merlai, in the time of AVilliam the Conqueror; was
^i.smantled, in 1215, by King John; underwent speedy
restoration; remained a place of strength till the time of
Charles I. ; was seized in 1664 by the Scot.s, and held by
them for 20 days against a siege by a body of the king's
forces; and is now represented by a fine massive gate-
house, and a few broken walb. A Cistertian abbey was
founded at Newminster, about \ a mile to the W, in
113S, by Sir Ranulph de Merlai; gave entertainment to
Edward I., Edward II., and Edward III., was fiven, at
the dissolution, to the Brandlings; and is now repre-
sented by only a ruined arch. The town drew prosperity
from the castle and the abbey; and it was described, in
1540, by Leland, as " long and metely well-builded, with
low houses," and as "a far fairer town than Alnwick."
It suffered great devastation, by accidental fire, in 1689;
but it speedily recovered from the disaster; and it has,
in recent times, undergone much improvement. Aken-
side, the poet, wrote here his "Pleasures of Imagina-
tion;" Horsley, the author of " Britannia Romana," and
Lord Collin gwood were residents; Turner, the early writer
on botany, Gibson, the herbalist, and Morrison, the
Chinese scholar and missionary, were natives; and the
Earl of Carlisle takes hence the title of Viscount.
The town lies embosomed in a green valley; has beau-
tiful, diversified, and picttuesque environs; and is seen
to great advantage from a terrace, or public promenade,
tastefully formed along the bank of the river. It con-
sists chiefly of two spacious and well-built streets, with
a highly-picturesque market-place ; and it extends into
the township of Bullers-Green, which forms a northern
suburb. A handsome bridge, after designs by Telford,
and erected La 1S31, crosses the Wansbeck on the S side
of the town. A very picturesque old bridge stood near
the site of that bridge; belonged to a community of
monks, who levied toll at its N end; and was wantonly
destroyed about 1835. The monks' toll-house still stands;
has a picturesque belfry; was successively a chapel, a
chantry, and a free school; and belongs now to the Cor-
poration. The town-hall stands on the W side of the
market-place; was built in 1714, after designs by Sir
John Vanbrugh; and is a bold and peculiar structure,
vrith. a rustic piazza and with turrets. The mavkct-liouse,
also in the market-place, is a quaint old edifice on pillars.
The clock tower, in Oldgate street, was originally a jail,
and was surmounted by two little figures in ancient cos-
tume, only one of which now remains. Gates stood for-
merly at all the entrances of the town on the Scotch side;
but they have been destroyed. The county jail stands
on the N outskirts; was built in 1822-9, at a cost of
more than £80,000; presents the appearance of a Gothic
castle, large and imposing; includes a chapel, and a very
handsome sessions' house and offices; and has capacity
for 96 male and 24 female prisoners. The county lunatic
asylum stands on a slight eminence, about 4 a mile to
the NE; was completed in 1859; is a beautiful and spa-
cious brick edifice, with tastefully disposed grounds; and
commands an extensive view over the circumjacent coun-
try. The workhouse, in lieu of a previous insufficient
one, was built in 1866; includes inspection wards, male
and female vagrant wards, and an hospital; and has ac-
commodation for 150 inmates, besides vagrants. Tlie
parish church, or St. Mary's, stands on a ridge called
Kirk-Hill, about i a mile from the town; is chiefly de-
corated English; was recently well-restored; comprises a
nave of 5 bays, 60 feet by 46, a chancel, 41 feet by 19,
and a W tower; has a fine .Tesse window, with fragments
of ancient stained glass, filled inby Wailes; and contains
sedilia, a piscina, and a hagioscope. The churchyard is
entered by a lich-gate, erected in 1862; and contains a
restored old cross, and a recent loft}' monumental cross
to the Rev. J. Bolland. St. James' church stands in the
centre of the town; was built in 1846, bj- Ferrev; is in
the Lombardic style and cruciform, with a central tower,
aud an apsidal choir; and contains a stone pulpit, good
glazing by Wailes, and some rich carving. There are
chapels for Presbyterians, Independents, Wesleyans, and
Roman Catholics. Tlie free grammar school was founded
in 1552, by Edward VI.; was long held in the old chan-
try at the quondam old bridge; is now hold in a commo-
dious building erected iu 1859, after designs by Ferrey;
MOEPETir.
377
MORTIMER.
lie; £'224 a-year from cnilowment; and numbers among
its T.upils the third Earl of Carlisle and the fourth Lord
"Wi'i'ivrir.gton, who here contracted a friendship which
resulted in the rescue of the latter from the scaffold after
the rebellion of 1715. There are a borougli school for
girls and infants in Well-way; national and infant
schools, a Ijoinin,^ St. James' church in Newgate-street;
ameclnnics' institute, established in 1S25; a dispensary,
open-rd in IS 17; and charities, additional to the school
endowments, £22.
The tovra has a head post-ufnce,+ a railway station
with tolegraph, four banking-offices, and several chief
inns; b a seat of petty sessions and quarter se-ssions, and
a polling- place ; and publishes a weekly newspaper. A
weekly market is held on Wednesday; and, till recently,
■wa.5 one of the largest for cattle in England, but has suf-
fered serious diminution in favour of Newcastle. Fairs
are held on 25 March, on the second Wednesday, Thurs-
day, and Friday before Whit-Sunday, on the Wednesday
bet'ort- 22 -July, and ou 25 Oct. Races were formerly held
at CottingiTood, but have been discontinued. The weav-
ing of flannel, the manufacture of agricultural imple-
ments, rope and tirine-making, iron and brass-founding,
tanning, malting, brewing, and corn-grinding are car-
ri'.d ou. The town is a borough by prescription ; is gov-
erned, under the new act, by a mayor, four aldermen,
and twelve councillors; and sent two members to parlia-
ment prior to the reform aoi, but now sends only one.
The municipal boundaries include the greater part of
Morpeth township, and a small part of Newmiuster-
Abbey township; and the parliament&r}' boundaries in-
clude the entire townships of Morpeth, Newmiuster- Ab-
bey. Bullers-Green, Hepseott, Morpeth-Castle, andTran-
vell-and-High-Church, and the parish of Bcdlington.
Corporation income in 1855, £745. Amount of property
and iocome tax charged in 1863, £3,289. Electors in
ISG.O, 321; in 1863, 440. Fop. of the m. borougli, in
1851, 4,095; in 1861, 4,296. Houses, 654. Pop. of the
p. borough, in 1851, 10,012; in 1861, 13,794. Houses,
2 312.
The township comprises 537 acres. Pop. in 1851,
4,102; in 1861, 4,521. Houses, 658.— The parish con-
tains also the other townships of the p. borough, like-
w-ise the townships of TwLzell and Shilvington. Acres,
8,177. Real property, £18,765; of which £909 are in
mines, £21 in quarries, and £30 in gas-works. Pop. in
1851, 5,020; in 1861, 5,612. Houses, 816. The living
is a rectory, united with the p. curacy of Ulgham, in the
diocese of Durham. Value, £1,611.* Patron, the Earl
of Carlisle.— The sub-distiict excludes the townships of
Hepseott, Twizell, and Shilvington, and includes the
parishes of Mitford, Meldon, and River-Green, si.vteen
townships of Harthum, six of Long Horsle)', two of Heb-
bum, and one of Nether Wilton. Acres, 44,807. Pop.,
8,426. Houses, 1,387. — The district comprehends also
the sub-district of Bedlington, containing the parishes
of Bedlington, Woodhorn, Widdrington, Ulgliam, and
Bothal, the townshiy) of Hepseott, four townships of
Waikworth, five of Hebburn, and three of Felton, and
the extra-parochial tract of Felton- Pathfoot. Acres of
the di.strict, 95,429. Poor-rates in 1863, £8,777. Pop.
in 1S5], 18.127; in 1861, 24,003. Houses, 4,209. Mar-
riiiges in 1S63, 132; births, 967,— of which S3 were ille-
gitimate; deaths, 540,— of which 226 were at ages under
5 vears, and 16 at ages above 85. Jtarriages in the ten
ye.us 1S51-00, 7;a; births, 6,000; deatlis, 4,100. The
j.l.ices of worship, in 1S51, were 17 of the Church of
Fiig!.iuil, with 5,3(7 sittings; 2 of Englisli Presbyte-
ri.iiis, with 620 s. ; 1 of I'nited Presbyterians, with 1,340
K. ; 1 of Indnpend-nts, with 700 s. ; 2 of Bapti.sts, with
5'1 .s.; 6 of Wesleynn .Mclliodists, witli 603 s. ; 2 of Prim-
itive Methndists, with 236 s. ; and 2 of Boman Catlio-
li':s. with 300 s. Tiie schools wore 25 public day schools,
with 1,915 .scholars; 21 private day sihools, with 644s.;
2'; .Sunday schools, with 1,916 s. ; and 3 evening schools
for adults, with 34 s. — The ward e.KiOudes the boro\igh,
nU'l is cut into two division-!, K and W. Tlie K cliv.
i'0):t.'ins llotluJ iiaiish, thri-r dthcr jiarishes, and jiarts of
two otliers. Aires, 4.';,016. Poji. in 1851, 7,813.
Houses, 1,495. Tlie W div. contains Hebburn parish,
two other pari.shes, and parts of four others. Acres,
53,975. Pop. in 1851, 4,102. Houses, 774. Pop. of
the entire ward in 1861, 14,291. Houses, 2,669.
MOKPETH-C.VSTLE, a town.ship in Mori)rth parish,
Northumberland; within Morpeth p. borough. It con-
tains the site of Morpeth castle and the hamlets of Catch-
bum, Parkhouses, and Stobhill. Acres, 1,491. Pop.,
180. Houses, 37.
MORRAGE. See MonRtDGE.
MORRELL-ROOTHING. See Roothing-Morf.ell.
IMORRKY, a village in Yoxhall parish, Stafford; 5i
miles E of Rugeley.
MOEREY (TiiF.), a township in Adderley parish, Sa-
lop; 5.', miles iJ'W of Market-Urayton. Pop., 25.
iMOKRICK. See Morwick.
MOIlRlDCrE, a township in Ipstones parish, Stafford;
4 miles NNE of Cheadle. Real property, with Foxt,
£3,204; of which £1,200 are in mines. Pop. of M.
alone, 235.
MORRIS-GREEN, a place in the N of Essex; 5i
miles NW of HaLstead.
5I0RRIST0N, a village and a chapelry in Llaugafe-
lach parish, Glamorgan. The village stands on the river
Taw, near the South Wales railway, 2.^ miles NNE of
Swansea; takes its name from the family of Mon-is, who
founded it ; is a large place, inhabited chiefly b}' work-
men in neighbouring potteries and copper-works, and by
colliers; and has a post-office]; under Swansea, and a fair
on 29 March. — The chapelry has no definite limits. The
living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St. David's. Value,
£85. Patron, Sir A. Morris. The churcli is modern.
MORSTON, a parish in Walsingham district, Norfolk;
on the coast, 6 milts E of Wells r. station. Post-town,
Rlakeney, under Thetford. Acres, 3,825; of which 1,715
are water. Real property, £1,450. Pop., 153. Houses,
38. The property is divided among a few. The manor
and much of the land belong to the Marquis of Towns-
hend. The water area is chiefly low marsh, overflowed
by spring tides, and intersected by Blakency harbour.
There is a coast guard station. The living is a rectory,
annexed to the rectory of Stiff key, in the diocese of Nor-
wich. The church has a tower, and was recently in dis-
repair. Charities £4.
MORTE BAY, a bay on the NW coast of Devon ; be-
tween Barnstaple bay and Ilfracombe. It is bounded on
the S, by Baggy Point, which separates it from Barn-
staple bay ; is bounded, on the N, by Jlorte Point, or
Jlorte Stone, "the Rock of Death," on which no fewer
than five vessels were wTecked in the winter of 1852;
measures 3^ miles across the entrance, and 2 thence to
the head ; has an outline of proximately half-moon form ;
is swept by a dangerous tide-race ; lies completely ex-
posed to the W ; and aftbrds anchorage in 5 fathoms.
MORTHEN, a haml-L't in Whiston parish, W. R. York-
shire; 4S miles SE of Rotherham.
JIORTHOE, a village and a parish in Barnstaple dis-
trict, Devon. The village stands on the coast of ilorte
bay, near Morte Point, 4^ miles WSW of Ilfracombe r.
station; is picturesquely situated; and has a post-ofiice
under Ilfracombe. The parish contains also the hamlets
of Eastacott, Horsborough, and Shesborough. Acres,
4,621; of whiidi 375 are water. Heal property, £2,960.
Pop., 347. Houses, 73. The property is divided among
a few. The Woollacombe sands extend about 2 miles,
and form a pleasant promenade. The living is a vicar-
age iu the diocese of Exeter. Value, £128. Patrons,
tlie Dean and Chapter of Exeter. Tlie cliunh is old,
with a tower; was repaired in 1859; and contains an
oi-tiata tomb of Sir William do Traiy, who livcil here in
retirement after ]iarti(:ipati)ig in the murder of Tlioni;is
h Hi'ckct. There are a Wesleyan chapel and a national
school.
MORTIMER, a \n'llage, a pari.sh, and a sub-district iu
P-iMdlicld district, all rcgist rationally in Berks, but part
of the parish clcctorally in Hants. The village stand.*
on an afilucnt of tlie river Kcnnet, near the Ri-ading and
llasingstokc nilw.iy, and nc;ir the ){oui;m way to Sil-
clii'stcr, l.i mile N of the boundary with Hants, and 7i
3 B
MORTIMERS-CPvOSS.
373
MORTON.
SSW of Reading; aiul has a station on the railway, a
post-office I under Reading, and fairs on 2t> April and 6
Hov. The parish hears the name of Mortiiner-Stratlield;
takes the Luter part of that name from its intersection
by the Roman way or street over a dreary heath ; and in-
chides the tything of "Wokefield iu Berks, and the tything
of Mortimer- West-End in Hants. Acres, 6,400. Real
uroperty, £7,634. Pop. in 1851, 1,340; in 1861, 1,419.
Mortimer Hill is the seat of Sir C. S. P. Hunter, Bart ;
Warrens Wood, of the Right Hon. J. B. ilowhray ; Morti-
mer House, of R. P. Smith, Esq.; Oakfield House, of R.
Allfrey, Esq., and the Firs, of W. Forsyth, Esq. iluch
of the land is common or waste. There are traces of
ancient camps; and there are two farms called Dane's
Acres and Alfred's Acres, which may have been the
scene of a battle. The living is a vicarage in the diocese
of 0.\-ford. Value, £246.* Patron, Eton College.
The church is ancient; consists of nave, aisle, and chan-
ce], with a tower; and contains some ancient monuments.
There are an Independent chapel and a national school.
The sub-district contains also seven other parishes.
Acres, 22,402. Pop., 4,931. House.s, 1,050.
MORTLMERS-CROSS, a township in Aymestrey par-
ish, Hereford; on the river Lugg, 54 miles NW of Leo-
minster. Pop., 40. A severe battle, decisive in favour
of the Yorkists, was fought here in Feb. 1460, between
the Yorkists under Edward Mortimer, Earl of March,
afterwards Edward IV., and the Lancastrians under the
Earl of Pembroke; and is commemorated by a pillar
erected in 1799.
MORTIMER-STRATFIELD. See Mortimer.
MORTDIER- WEST-END, a tything in Mortimer
parish, Hants ; adjacent to Berks, 8 miles N of Basing-
stoke. Acres, 1,810. Real property, £1,674. Pop.,
442. Houses, 101.
• ilORTLAKE, a village, a parish, and a sub-district,
in Richmond district, Surrey. The village stands on the
river Thames at the boundary with Middlesex, adjacent
to the Windsor branch of the Southwestern railway, 2
miles ENE of Richmond; contained a house, taken down
in 1858, which belonged to Lord Henry Cromwell; and
has a station on the railway, and a post-office i under Lon-
don SW.— The parish contains also the hamlet of East
Sheen. Acres, 1,168. Real property, £25,720. Pop. in
1851, 3,110; in 1861, 3,778. Houses, 652. The manor
belonged, from before the Norman conquest, to the see of
Canterbury; and was resigned to the Crown byCranmer.
The Archbishops had a residence here ; Auselm ouce kept
Whitsuntide at it ; and Simon de ^leopham retu'ed to it,
after being e.xcommunicated by the Pope. Several
elegant seats are on the banks of the river. Cromwell
House was the residence of Protector Cromwell; passed
to E. Colston, Esq., the distinguished benefactor of
Bristol ; was rebuilt, in the form of a handsome red brick
mansion, in the Tuilor style; and is now the seat of J.
Wigan, Esq. Dr. John Dee, a famous philosopher and
astrologer in the time of Elizabeth, lived in a house to
tlie W of the churcli; and was freiiueutly visited there
by the queen. A manufactory of fine tapestry was estab-
lished on the site of Dr. Dee's laboratory, in 1619, by Sir
Francis Crane; was patronised by James I. and Charles
I. ; copied five of Raphael's cartoons, sent for the pur-
pose by Charles 1. ; enjoyed assistance from Vandyck and
Rubens; was intended by Charles II. to be assisted also,
in a large way, by Verrio; but, soon after Verrio's
arrival, was discontinued. JIalting and brewing are
now largely carried on. A weir was on the river here at
Domesday. The living is a p. curacy, united with the
chapeliy of East Sheen, in the diocese of London. Value,
£180. Patrons, the Di^m and Chapt-er of Worcester.
The parochial church was rebuilt in 1543, enlarged in
1725, and again enlarged in 1840; has a tower; and con-
tains a font of the time of Henry VI., given by Arch-
bishop Bourchier, a good altarpieee by Gerard Seghers,
a tablet to Sir Philip Francis, the reputed author of the
" Letters of .Junius," a white marble sarcophagus of the
first Lord Sidmouth, a rich moniiincnt to the Hon.
Charles Coventry, who died in 1690, and the graves of
Dr. Dee and Sir John Barnard. The churchyard con-
tains the grave of John Partridge, the astrologer and
almanac-maker, who became physician to Charles II.,
and the grave of John Barber, alderman of London, who
erected the monument to Butler in Westminster abbey.
A new cemetery was opened in 1859. A church was
built at East Sheen in 1SG4, and is a h.-.ndsome edilice.
There are chapels for lud-ejiendents and Roman Catholics;
natiomil, British, industrial, infant, and Roman Catholie
schools; three suites of alms-houses; and charities, in-
clusive of school and alms-houses' endowments, £177.
The sub-district contains also the parish of Barnc ■.
Acres, 2,219. Pop. in 1851, 4,989; in 1861, 6,137
Houses, 1,066.
MORTO.AILEY, a hamlet in Ecclesfield to-wnship and
parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 5i miles N of Sheffield. It
has a chapol of ease and a New Connexion Methodist
chapel.
MORTON, a township and a parish in Cliesterfield
district, Derby. The township lies i a mile WNW of
Doehill r. station, 1 SE of Stretton r. station, and 2| IS"
of Alfreton. Real property, £1,397. Pop. in 1851,
257; in 1861, 594. Houses, 100. The increase of pop.
arose from the temporary presence of labourers on rail-
way works. The parish contains also the township of
Brackenfield; and its post-town is Alfreton. Acres,
2,800. Real property, £4,895; of which £15 are in quar-
ries. Pop. in 1851, 656; in 1861, 911. Houses, 177. The
property is divided among a few. Ogston Hall is the-
seat of G. Turbutt, Esij. Upwards of 1,000 acres were
recently leased by a company for the working of coal and
other minerals. The living is a rectory in the diocese of
Lichfield. V.alue, £460.* Patron, alternately St. John'.s
College, Cambridge, and G. Turbutt, I'"sq. The church,
excepting the tower, was rebuilt in 1S50; is iu the de-
corated English style; consists of nave, N aisle, and
chancel, with pinnacled tower ; and contains monuments
to the Turbutts. The p. curacy of nnu'kcuticld is a.
separate benefice. A Primitive Methoilist chapel and a
national school are in Brackenfield; and a recently erected
school is in Morton.
MORTON, an extra-parochial tract in the district and
county of Lincoln; 74 miles SW of Lincoln. Acres, 710.
Real properly, £706. Pop., 8. House, 1.
MORTON, a village, a township, and a chapeiry iu
Gainsborough parish, Lincoln. The village stands on
the river Trent, at the boundary with Notts, and near
the Manchester and Lincolnshire railway, li mile N hv
W of Gainsborough; is a picturesque place; and has a
post-office under Gainsborough, wharves, com -mills, and
maltings. — The township comprises 2,570 acres. Real
property, £2,787. Pop., 623. Houses, 167. The manor
belongs to the Right Hon. C. T. D'E3'ncourt. Blorton
Hall is the residence of the Rev. H. 0. Barker. — The
chapeiry is nearly conterminate with the township, and
was constituted in 1846. Pop., 616. Houses, 167.
The living is a p. curacy in the dioce.se of Lincoln.
Value, £100. Patron, the Bishop of Lincoln. The
church is modern. There are chapels for Wesleyans and
Primitive Methodists, and a charity school.
MORTON, a village and a parish in liourne district,
Lincoln. The village stands near Car dyke; 2i miles N
by 10 of Bourn r. station, and has a jiost-oliice under
Bourn. The parish contains also the hamlet of Hau-
thorpe. Acres, 3,390. Real propertv, £9,332. Pop.
in 1851, 938; in 1861, 1,008. Houses, 203. The manor
belongs to the JIarquis of Exeter. Hanthorpe House is
the scat of W. Parker, Esq. The living is a vicarage,
united with the vicarage of Hacconby, in the dioce.se of
Lincoln. Value, £400.* Patron, the Bishop of Lincoln.
The church is ancient; was restored in 1361; and con.sist-:
of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a tuwer. There are a
Baptist chapel, a free school, and charities £33.
j\IORTON, a parish, with a village, in Southwell dis-
trict, Notts; on tlie Nottingham and Lincoln railway,
near Fiskcrt'jn r. station, and near the river Trent, 24
miles SE by S of Southwell. Post-town, Fiskerton,
under Newark. Acres, 4^iS. Real property, £1,252.
Pop., 142. Houses, 34. The propi'rty is much .-sub-
divided. The manor belongs to W. Wright, Ivsq. Mor-
MORTOX.
379
JIORVAL.
ton Grange is the resiJoiKo of H. C. Tarnett, Ilsq. The
livin" is it p. curacy, auuuxerl to the vicnrage of Bleasby,
in tho diocese of Lincoln. The church is a neat brick
structure, of n.ivi and stuall chancel, with an embattled
tower.
MORTON', a towTisUip in Onnsby parish, N. R. York-
shire; -4 miles Js' K of Stokesley. Acres, 990. Real pro-
perty, ill.OJr. Pop., -17. Houses, 6.
• iiuRTON', an extra-parochial tract in Helmsley dis-
trict, y. R. Yorkshire; 5i miles NW of Hohii.?Ioy. Fop.,
34. Houses, 5.
MORTON, a township and a chapelry in Bingley
£ari.sh, AV. R. Yorkshire. The township lies on the
,eeds and Liverpool canal, under Rumbles-Moor, 2 nules
N of Bingley r. station; and contains the village of East
ilortoii and the hamlet of West Jlorton. East M. is a
considerable place ; occupies the sides and summit of a
hill; and has a post-office under Leeds. AVest M. is a
cluster of houses ou the N bauk of the river Aire. Real
]>roperty of tho township, £S,733; of which £300 are in
mines, and £20 in quarries. Pop. in 1851, 1,902; in
1861, 2,113. Houses, 393. There are several good
re.sidences, and several worsted, cotton, and paper mills.
The chapelry is more e.xtensive than the towniship, in-
cludes a part called Morton-Banks, and was constituted
ill 184.=;. Pop., 2,432. Houses, 471. The living is a
p. curacy in the diocese of Ripon. Value, £160. Pa-
tron, alternately the Crown and the Bishop. The church
is modem.
MORTON, Berks, Dorset, Esse.x, and Hereford.
See ilop.ETON'.
MORTON, Salop. Sec iloRETOx or Jlor.To.v.
MORTON-ABBOTS. See Abbots-Moktox.
MORTON - ABOVE, MORTON - ANGLICORUM,
AND MORTON-BELOW, three townships in Ruabou
parish, Denbigh; on the Shrewsbury and Oswestry rail-
ivay, 5 miles N of CJiirk. Real property, £fi,677. Pop.,
3,467, 130 and 191. Morton Hall is a chief residence.
Many of the inhabitants are employed in collieries and
iron-works.
MORTON-BAGGOTT, a parish in Alccster district,
Warwick ; at the bouudarv with Worcester, 3 miles
AVSW of Henley-in-Ardcn, and 5 NW of Bearley r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Studley, under Redditch. Acres, 1,180.
Real property, £1,401. Pop., 130. Houses, 23. The
■j)roperty is divided among a few. The living is a rectory
in the cliocese of Worcester. Value, £160. Patron, Sir
1'. L. H. Goodiicke, Bart. The church is a very plain
building.
MORTON BANKS. See Mortox, W. R. Yorkshire.
MORTON-BELOW. See JIoktox-Abovl.
MORTON-CASTLE. See Castle-JIoktox.
ItlORTON-COKBET. See MoRi;rox-CouiJi:r.
MOh'TON (East), or East Munrox, a tovuship in
Dulton-le-Dale parisli, Durham.shire; on the Hartlepool
and Sunderland railway, S miles ENE of Durham.
Acres, 1,460. Real property, £3,615; of which £000 aie
in the railway. Pop. in 1851, 1,3S7; in ISOl, 2,104.
Houses, 379. Most of the property belongs to Shipperd-
.<.on of Piddinghall. Coal is worked and coked. There
are chapels for Wesleyuns and Primitive ^Methodists, and
a iiational school.
MliRTON EAST, W. R. Yorkshire. See Mortox.
MORTON-FOLIOT. See Castle-Morton.
MORTON-GRANGE, a township in Houghton-le-
Spring parish, Durhamshire; on the Northeastern rail-
way, at Fence-Houses r. station, 5.^ miles NNE of Dur-
liam. Acre.^, 505. Real property, £G')8. Pop., 220.
Houses, 36. The manor belongs to th(^ Earl of Durham.
MORTON-GKA.MM:, GUE.VT MORTON, and LIT-
TLE -MOK'TO.V, three handets in Babworth parish,
Kc.tts; 2 ndles SW ..I' East Retford.
.M<.)RTON -HAMPSTEAIJ. See MoniiTOX - Hami--
STl'.AU.
i\roi!TON-JElT- RIES. See MoRr.r.-N-.lKKFUii.s.
5lOI;TON (Lrnr.i:). See -MoinoN-GiiANi:]-, Notts.
MOliToN-MOKBKLI-. See Murktox-.Murrei.;..
MORTON-ON-Ti'IE-llIl.L, a parish, with a village,
in St. Fuitli di.^tiii t, Ni'ilolk; on tin' river Wensum,
6 miles SSE of Reepham, and 8 NW of Norwich r. sta-
tion. Post-town, Norwicli. Acres, 977. Real pro-
perty, £1,004. Pop., 149. Houses, 29. The property
is divided between two. The manor, with Jlorton Hall,
belongs to T. T. Berney, Esq. The hall stands on a
rising-ground, and commands a beautiful view. The
living is a rectory in the diocese of Norwich. Vidue,
£180.* Patron, i'. T. Berney, Esq. The church is an-
cient; was repaired in 1865; comprises nave anil chan-
cel, with S porch; and has a round tower, with octagonal
top. Charities, £9.
MORTON - PALMS, a township in Houghton - le-
Skerne parish, Durham; near the Stockton raihvaj', 3^
miles E of Darlington. Acres, 1,316. Pop., 59.
Houses, 9.
MORTON -PINKNEY, a viUage and a parish in
Brackley district, Northampton. The village stamis 5if
miles NNE of Farthiughoe r. station, and 8 W by N of
Towcester; and has a post-office under Banbury. The
parish comprises 2,422 acres. Real property, £4,344.
Pop., 570. Houses, 135. The propertj' is subdivided.
The manor belongs to E. Sempill, Esq. The Manor
House is ancient, bears the shields of the families of Cope
and Candler, was restored and enlarged in 1860, and is
approached through lodge-gates bearing the arms of the
SenipiRs. A chalybeate spring is at the SW extremity
of the village. Lace-making is carried on. The living
is a p. curacy in the diocese of Peterborough. Value,
£220. Patron, Oriel College, Oxford. The church is
chiefly ancient; was restored and partly rebuilt in 1845 ;
and consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with porches
and low tower. There are a Baptist chapel, a national
and an infant school, and charities £32.
MORTON-SAY. See Moueton-Say.
JIORTON-TYNE.MOUTH, a township in Gainford
parish, Durham; 7i miles NW of Darlington. Acres,
399. Real property, £729. Pop., 27. Houses, 6. Tho
property belonged anciently to Tynemouth priory.
5I0RT0N-UPON-LUGG. See MoRi;TOX-upox-LtJGG.
MORTON-UPON-SWALE, a township in Ainderby-
Steeple parish, N. }!. Yorkshire; on the Ley burn rail-
way, 3| miles AVSAV of Northallerton. Acres, 1,533.
Real property, £2,433; of which £50 are in the milway.
Pop., 286. Houses, 60.
IMORTON-VALENCE. See Moretox-Valenuk.
MORTON (AVest). See Morton, AV. R. Yorkshire.
MORTUNE. See Minstekwoktk.
MORA'^A, a quarter in Nevern parish, Pembroke; 2
miles ENE of Newport. Pop., 355.
MORVAH, a parish, with a small village, in Pen-
zance district, Cornv,aIl; on the coast, 6 miles NW by
AV of Penzance r. station. Post-town, Penzance. Acres,
1,226. Real property, £900. Pop., 380. Houses, 72.
Trcganiynon was a seat of the Lanyons. Pojthmear cove
and Portherras cove are on the coast; and large blocks
of granite are at Carn-Galva. There are a Danish foi-t,
called Castle-Chun, and a cromlech. The living is a
vicarage, annexed to the vicarage of Madron, in the dio-
cese of Exeter. The church was rebuilt in 1828, has a
tower, and contains an ancient font and numerous monu-
ments.
MORVAL, a parish, with a village, in Li.skeard dis-
trict, Cornwall; on tho Looe navigation, 2 miles N. of
East Loo9, and 3i SSW of Menhoniot r. station. Post-
town, Luoe. Acrfs, 3,562. Real prnjicrt}-, £3,595.
Pop., 765. Houses, 146. The property is divided among
a few. The manor belonged formerly to the Glyns, tho
Coades, and Sir Hugh do Morville, one of the munlerers
of Thomas ii Becket ; and, with Morval House, belongs
now to John F. Buller, Esq. Morvnl House is ancient,
and was the birthidaee of Judge lUiller. Polgover and
Lydcott are ancient mansions, converted into farm-
houses. Tregarlin-Tor commands a tine view of tho
winding vale of Jlorval, backed in the distance by Bin-
don hill, rising to an altitude of about 900 feet. Lime-
stone is ([Uarried and exported. The living is a vicar-
age in tho diocese of Exeter. A'aluc, £333.* Patron,
tin; Lord t'liancellor. 'J'he cliur''h is good, and contains
motuiments of l\f Mayow.s, the Coades, and otlierM
JIORVIL.
3S0
MOSSLEY.
There are au endowed school and alnis-houses, with
jointly about £23 a-year.
JIORVIL, a parish in Haverfordwest district, Pem-
broke; under Precelly mountain, at the source of West
Olediiau river, 5^ miles S by W of Newport, and 7 N of
Clarbeston-Eoad r. station. Post-town, Haverfordwest.
Acres, 2,551. Real property, jES09. Pop., 125. Houses,
26. The living is a rectory in the diocese of St. David's.
Value, £S1. Patron, Lord Milford.
MORVILL, a vill.ige and a parish in Bridgnorth dis-
trict, Salop. The village stands on a small affluent of
the river Severn, 3 miles W by N of Bridgnorth r. sta-
tion; and has a post-office under Bridgnorth. The par-
ish contains also the tov.-nship of Aston-Eyre, and com-
prises 5,166 acres. Real property, not sepaiutely re-
turned. Pop., 507. Houses, 101. The property is
divided among five. Aldenham Hall is a chief residence.
A priory, a cell to Shrewsbury abbey, was anciently here.
The parish is a meet for the Wheatland hounds. The
living is a p. curacy, united with the chapelry of Aston-
Eyre, in the diocese of Hereford. Value, £204. Patron,
Lord Sudeley. The church is ancient but good, and has
a tower. A Roman Catholic chapel is at Aldenham
Hall. Charities, £24.
:M0RWELLHAM, a place, with an inn, on the W
border of Devon ; on the river Taraar, 4 miles SW of
Tavistock. The Morwell Rocks, in the vicinity, are mag-
nificent crags, rising to a great height, and crowned with
.shaggy pinnacles. Old Storwell House, near the S end
of a tunnel of the Tavistock canal, is an ancient quadran-
gular buil'ling, in the pointed style; was once a hunting-
.seat of the abbots of Tavistock; passed, with the abbey
lands, at the dissolution, to the family of Russell; be-
longs now to the Duke of Bedford; was recentl}' restored;
and is used as a farm-house.
MORWELL HOUSE. See preceding article.
iMORWENSTOW. See Moorwinstow.
5I0RWICK, a hamlet in Barwick-in-Elmet towii=;hip
and parish, W. R. Yorkshire; 5^ miles ENE of Leeds.
MORWICK, or SIorf.ick, a township in Warkworth
parish, Nortlmmberland; on the river Coquet, near the
coast, 2 miles SW of Warkworth. Acres, 734. Pop.,
71. Houses, 12. Morwick Hall was forraerl}' a seat of
the Greys.
MOSBOROUGH, a village and a township in Eck-
ington parish, Derby. The village stands on high
ground, near the river Rother, and the Xorth Midland
railway, 7 miles NNE of Chesterfield; occupies the site
of a Roman settlement; commands extensive views; and
has a post-office under Chesterfield. The township in-
cludes the village, and extends into the country. Real
property, £5,824; of which £1,505 are in mines. Pop.,
1,044. Sickles and wood hoop measures are made.
There are chapels for Weslcyan and Primitive Jtlethod-
ists, and an endowed school with £28 a-year.
MOSCROET. See JIolescroft.
MOSE, or Me.\.se (The), a river of Leicester and
Derby. It rises near Gopsall Park, in the W of Leices-
ter; and runs about 12 miles westward to the Trent, at
Croxall in Derby.
MOSEDALE, a township in Caldbeck parish, Cum-
berland; under Carrock fell, 5 miles S of Hesket-Xew-
market. Pop., 51. Houses, 11.
MO.SEDALE, a glen in the SW of Cumberland; de-
scending about 2 miles southward, from the E side of
Ennerdale Pillar, to the vicinity of the liead of Wast-wa-
.ter; and flanked, on the E sitle, by Kirk fell, — on the
W side, bv Yewbari'ow.
MOSEDALE, a glen in the W of Cumberland; descend-
ing about 2 miles northward to the foot of Lowes-water.
i\IOSED.\LE, a glen on the mutual border of Cum-
berland and Lanca:>hire ; forming the upper part of
Sea thwaite valley, along the river Duddun; descending
south-south-westward, from the W siile of Weatlierlani;
and llaukcd, on the right, by Orevfriai-s mountain, — on
tlie left, by the Old Jl'an of Coniston.
MOSELEY, a hamlet in Bushbury parish, Stafford;
"M the Northwestern railway and the Grand Junction
'•anal, 4 miles N by E of Wolverhampton. Pop., 53.
Jloselcy Court and Moselcy Hall are chief residences ;
and the former gave concealment to Charles II., and re-
tains his hiding-place and his bed in their original con-
dition.
MOSELEY, a village and a chapelrv in KiTigs-Norlon
parish, Worcester. The village stands on the N verge
of the county, adjacent to the Birmingham and Bristol
railway, 3 miles S of the centre of Birmingham; is a
pleasant and picturesque place; and has a station on the
railway, and a post-office under Birmingham. The
chapelr}' includes the village, and was constituted in
1853. Pop. in 1861, inclusive of King's Heath, now a
separate charge, 2,591. Houses, 482. Moseley Hall is
the property of W. E. Tajdor, Esq. ; succeeded a previous
mansion, de.stroyed by the rioters in 1791; and has good
grounds. Moor Green House, Wake Green House, the
Warren, Higlifield House, the Henburys, Elmhurst, the
Firs, and otliers also are good residences. The living
is a p. curacy in the diocese of Worcester. Value,
£150.* Patron, the Vicar of Bromsgrove. The church
has a tower of the time of Henry VII., and was enlarged
about 1827. The Independent theological college, for-
merly at Spring-Hill, Birmingham, was removed in
1856 to Wake Green in Yardlj' parish; is commonly de-
signated as in !Moseley; stands on a plot of 20 acres ; was
built after designs bj- Joseph James of London, at a cost
of about £18,000; comprises class rooms, a chapel, a
spacious library, residences for professors, and rooms for
So students; and hail, in 1865, an income of £2,626.
There is a national school.
MOSES-GATE, a railway station, with telegraph, in
Lancashire; on the Bolton and M.anchestcr line of the
Lancashire and Yorkshire railwaj', in the southern vi-
cinity of Bolton.
!MOSS, a township in Campsall parish, W. R. York-
shire; 6 miles W by N of Thorne. Acres, 2,300. Real
propei-ty, £3,291. Pop., 242. Houses, 56.
310SS-BANK, a hamlet in Prescot parisli, Lancashire;
on the Ormskirk, St. Helens, and Widnes railway, IJ
mile N by W of St. Helens. It has a station on the
railway.
MOSS-BROW, a place in the N of Cheshire; 4J miles
W of Altrincham.
MOSS-BURY, a place in the N of Herts; 2 miles E of
Stevenage.
MOSSD.\LE, a hamlet in Hawes chapelry, Aysgarth
parish, N. R. Yorkshire; in the valley of the river Ure,
near Hawes.
MOSSEIJ, a township-chapelry in Brigham parish,
Cumberland; on the river Cocker, under Whinfield fell,
4 miles S of Cockermouth r. station. Post-town, Cocker-
mouth. Acres, 1,018. Real property, £1,171. Pop.,
SS. Houses, IS. The property is divided among a few.
The manor belongs to General Wyndham. The living is
a p. curacy in the diocese of Carlisle. Value, £44. Pa-
tron, the Earl of Lonsdale. The church is good.
ilOSSHUUSES, an e.xtra-parochial tract in Ulverston
district, Lancashire; near Broughton-in-Furness.
MOSSLEY, a chapelry in Astbury parish, Cheshire;
on the river Dane, adjacent to Statlbrdshire and to the
North Staffordshire railway, 1.^ mile E of Congleton. It
was constituted in 1846. Post-town, Congleton. Pop.,
949. Houses, 189. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocese of Chester. Value, £127. Patron, the Rector
of Astbury. The church is a recent stnu'ture, in the
early English style; and consists of nave and chancel,
with porch and bell-gable. There is a n.ational school.
JIOSSLEY, a town and a chapeliT on thi> mutual
border of Lancashire, Clicshire, and \Y. 11. Yorkshire.
Tiie town stands on the river Tamo, the IhuMer.--llc)d
canal, and the .^Ian^•lH•stcr and Leeds line of the North-
western railway, under Heartslvead Pike, 3 miles NE of
Ashton-under-Lyne; was originally a handct of Ashton-
under-Lyne parish, all within Lanca.shire; has risen,
since about 1S40, into great mannf.icturing importance;
was recently placed under the provisions of the loeal go-
vernment act, ami then defined to include portions of
Micklchurst and Tintwistle town.ships in Clieshire, and
the entire tract of Quickraere in Saddleworth township.
MOSSLEY HILL.
3S1
MOTIIECOMBE
"W. U. Yorksliiic ; includes suburbs calloJ Slossloy-
Bottom atiJ J[i)3iloj--15row ; carries on industry in hand-
loom woollen weaving, in several woollen factories, and
in extensive cotton fai;torios; is supplied with lms from
Staleybridge gas-works, and with water front Asliton and
Staleybrid'go waterworks; and has a railway station with
telegraph, a postotficej of ilossley, under JIanchester,
a post-otFice of ilossley-IJottom, under JIanchester, a
church, four disseuting chapels, a mechanics' institute,
mid parochial, natiomd, British, and Roman Catholic
schools. The church was built in 1755, and enlarged in
17S>; and contains nearly 1,000 sittings. The Inde-
peu'lent chapel stands at Mosslcy-lirow, and is a largo
and handsome stone structure. The Wesleyau cha]>cl
stands in Stamford- road, vras built in 1867, is in the
Lombar do -Venetian style, and contains 600 sittings.
The mechanics' institute was built in 1S5S, and is a large
and well-contrived stone structure. Fairs are held on
the last Friday of Feb., 21 June, and the last Jlonday
of Oct. ; and wakes are held on the last Saturday of July.
The chief residences in the vicinitv are Apsley House,
G. Andrew, Esq. ; Whitehall, G. MaVall, Esq. ; Highfield
House, J. JIayall, Esq.; Breage Hill, S. Shaw, Esq.;
Waterton, E. and J. Buckley, Esq.; Limefield, F.
Andrew, Esq.; and A^alley Cottage, J. Kershaw, Esq.
The a-ssessment under the local act, in 1864, amounted
to upwards of £26,000; and the population, in that year,
•was upwards of 13,000. The chapelry was made ecclesi-
astically parochial in 1865; and is bounded from K to
S\V by the County brook, and the river Tame. The liv-
ing is a p. curacy in the diocese of JIanchester. Value,
£300.* Patron, the Rector of Ashton.
MOSSLEY HILL, a railway station in the SW of
Lancashire; on the Warrington, Widnes, and Liver-
pool railway, 2 miles ESE of Liverpool. Mossley House,
in the neighbourhood, is the seat of the Ewarts.
MOSS-SIDE, a village, a township, and a chapelry, in
Mancue^ter parish, Lancashire. The village lies 2 miles
S by E of Manchester, is neatly built, and has an orna-
mental public park. The township comprises 430 acres.
Real property, £20,039. Fop. in 1S51, 943; in 1861,
2,695. Houses, 435. The increase of pop. arose mainly
from the extension of buildings and other improvements.
— The chapelry is much larger than the township, and
was constituted in 1S54. Pop. in 1861, 6,114. Houses,
1,114. The living is a rectory in the diocese of I^Ian-
chester. Value, £717. Patrons, the Representatives of
R. Gardiner, Esq. The church is modern. There are
national and other schools.
MOSS-SIDE, a hamlet in Poulton-le-Fylde parish,
Laucxshirc; on the Lytham branch of the Preston and
Fleetwood railway, 2^ miles NE of Lytham. It has a
station ou the railway.
MOSS-SIDE, a hamlet in the NW of Cumberland; 5i
miles N\Y of Wigton.
MOSS-SIDE, a hamlet Lu the NE of Cumberland: 61
miles NE of Longtown.
MOSS (Ti[F.), a place near the boundary between Den-
bi'.,'li and Flint; 4 miles NWof Wre.xham. Ithas a post-
ollicc under Wre.xham.
JIOSS (The), a place in the SE of Stallbrd; 3] miles
S of Lichfield.
MOSSWDOD, a hamlet in Beltoii pari.sh, Lincoln;
near Epwoitli. Pop., 26.
JIOSTEKTlJN, a village and a ])arish in Beaminster
district, Dorset. The village stands ou the river Axe, 1
mile S of the boundary with Somerset, 24 SSE of Crew-
kerne r. station, and S^ K\V by N of Bc.aminster ; and
ha.> a post-ollice under Crewkerne. The parish com-
prises P5S aiues. Real jiroporty; witli Clieddington and
South Pcrrot, £5,923. Rated property of M. alone,
£1,367. Pop., 3S0. Houncs, .S2. The ]>roperty is
^ much snbdivi.l.'d. The m.inor bdong-! to T. llussey,
E.sq. .Mosterton House was the seat of tiie Hood family;
stands directly opjiosite the cliurih; an.l was convci ted
into an aleliouse. The living is a p. i uracy, annexed to
the rectory of South Perrot, in the ilioce.,i; of SalLsbury.
The church was rebuilt in 1S33, and has a tower. The
old churchyard contains a tomb uf the Hoods.
MOSTOX, a township in St. Mary-onthc-Hill parish,
Cheshire ; on the Eliosmc re canal and the Birkenliea.l,
Lancashire, and Clieshire Junction railway, 3 miles NNW
of Chester. Acres, 273. Real property, £394. Pop.,
15. Houses, 2. Jloston Hall is the seat of Mrs.
Massoy.
MOSTON, a township in Warmingham parish,
Cheshire; ou the Trent and Mersey canal, 2i miles N\Y
by W of Sandbich. Acre.s, 673. Real property, £1,335.
Pop., 170. Houses, 37.
MOSTOX, a to\>.-nship, with a village, in Manchester
parish, Lancashire ; on the Rochdale canal, and on the
Lancashire and Yorkshire railway, 4 miles NXE of
Manchester. Acres, 1,271. Real property, £5,235; of
which £700 are in mines. Pop. in 1851, 904 ; in 1861,
1,199. Houses, 252. The increase of pop. arose from
proximity to Manchester, from the opening of a colliery,
and from the estabiisliing of a pottery. The manor be-
longed, in the early part of the 14th century, to the
Grelles; passed to the Delawarrs and the Radclitfes; and
■was divided, iu the latter part of the 16th century,
among several proprietors. Moston House is the resi-
dence of R. Andrew, Esq. Xuthurst Hall was the seat
of the Chaddertocs, and the birthplace of Bishop Chad-
derton ; and retains a very ancient gable. Hough Hall
is a timbered mansion of the time of Elizabeth. There
are dye-works, a 'Wesleyan chapel, and a church library
in connexion with schools.
MOSTON, a township in Stanton-upon-Hineheath
parish, Salop; on the river Roden, 3^ miles ESE of
Wem. Pop., 61.
MOSTY'N, a village and a chapelry in "Whitford parish,
Flint. The village stands on the coast of the Dee's
cstiiar}-, and on the Chester and Holyhead railway, 3\
miles NW by X of Holywell; has a station on the rail-
way, and a post-ofSce,^; of the name of Mostyu Quay,
under Holywell, and a good inn; and gives the title of
Baron to the familv of Most^'n. The cliajielry was con-
stituted in 1844.' Real property, £10,783; of which
£7,161 are in miues. Pop., 1,640. Houses, 343. Tlio
property is divided among a few, Jlostyn Hall is the
seat of Lord MosInti ; w\is formerly calh-d Tremostyn;
dates partly Irom the time of Henry VL; is mainly
Tudor, and has been much modernized; includes an an-
cient hall, hung with tapestry; contains many family
portraits, including one of Sh- Roger Mostyn and his
lady by Mytens ; contains also a curious pedigree-roll,
and a very interesting ancient golden torque; was the
scene of a remarkable escape of Henry of Richmond,
afterwards Henry VII., from some troops of Richard III.;
and is approached by a fine old gateway and an avenue
of trees. The livinLi is a p. curacy in the diocese of St.
Asaph. Value, £300.* Patron, the Bishop of St.
Asaph. The church is good; and there are chapels for
Independents and Calvinistic Methodists.
MOTCOJIBE, a village and a parish in Shaftesbury
district, Dorset. The village stands 1 mile S by E of
Semley r. station, 1\ W of the boundary with "Wilts, and
lij NNW of Shaftesbury; and is large and straggling. The
jiarish comprises 4,341 acres. Post-town, Sliaftesbury,
under Sali.sliurv. lie.al property, £8,943. Pop. in 1851,
1,535; in 1861, 1,433. House.-;, 311. Tiie decrease of
pop. was caused l>y the reduction of the number of fami-
lies to a house. The property is dividcil among a few.
The manor, with Motcombe House, belongs to the Mar-
quis of Westminster. JI. House contains a good coller-
tion of pictures. Market-gardening is carried on. Tlie
living is a p. cur.icy, annexed to the vicarage of Gilling-
ham, in thedioce;.e of Salisbury. The church wa.s rebuilt
in 1S40, and has a tower. There are a AVesk-yan chape!,
a parocliial school, and charities £49.
MOTE HILL, an eminence in Elsdon parish, North-
umberland; on Wailing-street, near Elsdon church. Two
circular camps are on it, and Roman inscriptions havu
been foiuul.
MOTK PARK. See M.vir.sTONK.
M0T1IEC().^IBE, a hamlet in Holbeton parish, De-
von; on the estuary of the Ernie, 4| miles SW of Jlod-
bury. It has a coast-guard station. Mothecorc.be IIouso
MOTHERBANK (The),
S82
MOUGHTKET.
was the seat of the Pollexfens, the CalmaJys, and
others.
MOTHERBANK (The), a roadstead in the Solent;
between Spithead and Cowes. It is about 2 miles long;
has anchorage in from 2^ to 5 fathoms; is the usual posi-
tion of weather-bound merchant-ships; and had some-
times collected on it, during the great war with France,
so many as 500 sail.
MOTHERBY axd GILL, a township in Greystoke
parish, Cumberland; 6 miles WSW of Penrith. Acres,
446. Real property, £647. Pop., 117. Houses, 24.
JIOTHVEY, or Myddfai, a parish, which is also a
sub-district, in Llandovery district, Carmarthen ; on the
river Sevin, 3j miles S of Llandovery r. station, and 3^
W of the boundary with Brecon. It contains the ham-
lets of Lower Mothvey and Upper Mothvey, and has faiis
on IS June and 18 Oct. Post-town, Llandovery, under
Carmarthen. Acres, 11,914. Real property, £5,343.
Pop. in 1851, 1,069; in 1861, 1,118. Houses, 232. The
property is subdivided. Cilgwyn and Llwynyworra-
wood are chief residences. The surface is hQly, and the
rocks include lead ore. The living is a vicarage in the
diocese of St. David's. Value, £103.* Patron, the
Bishop of St. David's. The church is ancient but good,
and contains a monument to Bishop Owen. The church-
yard has a sycamore 54 feet iu girth, and a yew 25 feet.
There are a Calvinistic Methodist chapel, and charities
£17.
MOTTEXDEN, a place in Headcom parish, Kent;
11 miles AV by N of Ashford. A Trinitarian priory was
founded here, in 1224, by Sir Robert de Rokesby; was
notable for being the first house of its kind iu England,
and for a miracle-play acted in its church on Trinity-
Sunday; and was given, at the dissolution, to Lord
Cromwell, — and, after his attainder, to Sir Anthony
Aucher. Ko remains of it now exist.
MOTTINGHAM, a hamlet in Eltham parish, Kent;
o| miles S of Woolwich. It has a wall letter-box under
Eltham, London SE. Acres, 638. Real property, £1,194.
Pop., 142. Houses, 24.
'\IOTTISFONT, a viUage and a parish in Romsey dis-
tTii;t, Hants. The village stands adjacent to the riviT
Test or Anton, near the Andover and Southampton rail-
way, 44 mUes NW of Romsey; and has a station on the
railway, and a post-office under Romsev. Acres, 2,730.
Real property, £3,543. Pop., 496. Houses, 110. The
jiroperty is cQvided among a few. The manor belongeil
to an ancient local priory; was given by Henry VIII. to
Lord Sandys, in exchange for the manor of Chelsea;
passed by marriage, in the beginning of last century, to
the family of Mill; and belongs now to Lady Mill. 'The
priory probably originated in the Saxon times; is usually
said to have been founded by Ralph Flambord, Prior
of Christ Church, and afterwards Bishop of Durham;
was made Augustinian by William de Briwere, in the
time of King John ; and received largo benefactions
from Eleanor, queen of Edward I. Mottisfont House,
the seat of Lady Mill, stands on the site of the priory;
retains cellars and some part of the cloisters of the
priory ; and contains an ancient painting representing
two events in the life of Thomas Aquinas. The living
is a rectory, united with the p. curacies of Lockerley
and East-Dean, iu the diocese of Winchester. Value,
£900.* Patron, the Rev. Paulet St. John. The church
is ancient, with wooden belfrj-; and was reported inlS59
as not good.
MOTTISTON, a village and a parish in the Isle of
Wight. The village atauds on the S skirt of Mottiston
Down, 1 mUe from the toast, I4 WNW of Brixton, ami
fi SE of Yarmouth; was known, at Domesday, as Jles.se-
tone; and )iow consists of a picturesque and scattereil
group of cottages. The parish contains also the hamlut
of Fernfield and part of Chilton. Post-town, Brixton,
under Kcwport, Isle of Wiglit. Acres, 1,107. Real
liroperty, £l,.''.7l'. Pop., 160. Houses, 27. The pro-
jicrty, with small e.xception, is all in one estate; belonged
formerly to the Lisles, the Chekes, and the Leighs; and
belongs now to C. Seely, Esq. The manor-house is a
grey old building; was erected in 1557, by the Chekes;
and is associated with the memory of Sir John Clieke,
the tutor of Edward VI. Mottiston Down rises to an
altitude of 693 feet; and has, on its S side, two Druid-
ical stones,— the one 13 feet high, 6.^ feet broad, 20
feet in girth, and little less than 30 tons in weight, —
the other recumbent, 9^ feet long and 4 feet broad. The
living is a rector^', united with the vicarage of Shonvell,
in the diocese of Wincliester. Value, £392.* Patron,
Brasenose College, Oxford. The church is a quaint and
beautiful little building, of nave, aisle.=!, and double-
gabled ciiancel; was restored in 1864; and contains a
large'late altar-tomb, with an illegible inscription.
JIOTTRAM, a sub-district in the district of Ashton-
under-Lyne, and county of Chester; containing the
townships of Mottram, Hattersley, lIolling\vortl?, and
Tintwistle, in Mottram-in-Longdendale pari.sh. Pop
in 1851, 9,070; in 1861, 7,652. Houses, 1,538.
MOTTRAM-IX-LOXGDi:XDALE, a small town, a
to\niship, and a parish, in the district of Ashton-under-
Lyne and county of Chester. The town stands on an
eminence in Longdendale, i a mile W of the river Etherow
at the boundary with Derbyshire, 1 mile N of the Man-
chester and Sheffield railway, and 4^ SE of Ashton-
under-Lyne; has environs of great picturesqueness and
much grandeur ; consists chiedy of one long well-paved
street; carries on cotton-spinning and calico printing;
is a polling-place for North Cheshire; and has a rail-
way-station with telegraph, and a post-officej under
Manchester, both of the name of Mottram, and fairs on
27 April and 31 Oct. — The township comprises 1,079
acres. Real property, £10,504; of which £50 are in
mines, and £16 in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 3,199; in
1861,3,406. Houses, 667. The manor belonged anciently
to the Hollands; passed to the Lovells, the Stanleys, the
AVilbrahams, and the Tollemache?; and belongs now to
John Tollemache, Esq. Hill-End House is tlie seat of
John Chapman, Esq. : and the Manor House is the resi-
dence of F. Gnmuy, Esq. Broad Bottom, situated at
the railway station, is a considerable village and a place
of manufacture. — The parish contains also the townships
of Hattersley, Hollingworth, Tintwistle, Staylcv, Mat-
ley, Gqdle}', and Newton, and the handet of .Mickle-
hurst. Acres, 23,279. Ileal property, £SS,588; of
which £1,370 are in mines, £193 in quarries, and .£863
in gas-works. Pop. in 1851, 23,354; in 1861, 22,495.
Houses, 4,487. There are sevei-al manors, held by sev-
eral proprietors; and there aro numerous good residences.
The surface is very diversified, and contains a lar^e ag-
gregate of beautiful and romantic .scenery. Some portions
are included in the towns of Mossley and Staley bridge;
and both these and others are seats of manulacture. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Chester. Value,
£220.* Patron, the Ijishop of Chester. The church is
later English; comprises nave, aisles, and chancel, with
a fine tower; and includes two mortuary chapels, — one
with a full-length figure of Ralph Stoneleigh, in armour,
— the other with a handsome marble altar-tomb of Regi-
nald Bretnald, serjeant-at-law. The p. curacies of Mill-
brook, Newton, Stayley, 'I'intwistle, Woodhead, and Ood-
ley-with-Ncwton-Green are separate benefices. There aro
chapels for Independents. Wesleyans, and Unitarians,
an endowed grammar school with £65 a-year, and char-
ities £87 in Jluttram township; and some dissenting
chajiels and public schools in the other townships.
MOTTRAM-.-iT. .ANDREW, a township, with a vil-
lage, in Prestbury parish, Cheshire; 2^ miles NW of
Prestbury r. station. Acres, 1,600. Real property,
£3,170. Pop. in 1S51, 403; in 1861, 400. Houses,
90. The manor lu'longcd foraierly to the Jlottram fa-
mily; and, v.-ith Mottram Hall, belongs now to the Rev,
H. Wright. Jluttniin Old Hall is an ancient mansion,
and wiis formerly moated. Lee Hall is tlie seat of Capt.
Street. There arc a parochial school, and charities £30;
and the school liouse is occasionaUi' used as a pla:e of'
worship.
MOUGHTREV, or IMociuref, a parish in Xeivtown
district, ^Montgomery ; near the river Sevom, the Caer-
Sws Roujan way, and the boumiary with Radnor, 3 milea
S\V of Newtown r. station. It contains the townshiita
M0ULD3W0RTH.
3S3
SIOLXTON-CIIAPEL.
«{ lloughtroyllan nin1 Eskirgilog; and its post-touni is
Neivtowa. Acres, 5,025. Relil property, .£2,963. Pop.,
.yZC). llousiji, 95. Tlie property is niucli .subdivided.
The living is a p. curacy in the diocese of St. Asayih.
Value, £86. Patron, the Bishop ol" St. Asaph. Tlie
church is ancient, and was reported in 1859 as bad.
MOrOlITii KVLLAM. See preceding article.
MOULD-GREEN. See MoldGkees.
i^[OULDS^V0RTH, a township in Tar\-ia parish,
Cheshire; near Delaniere forest, 64 miles NE by I] of
Cheiter. Acres, S79. Real property, £1,402. Pop.,
175. Houses, 28. The manor belongs to J. France,
£s p There is ;•. Wesleyan chapel.
_ .MOULLN-HtTET DAY, a beautiful bay in the SE of
Guernsey. It fates the S; opens between Jerhourg point
and Icart point; measures li mile across the entrance;
penetrates 1^ mile north-eastward; and peuinsulates the
tract terminating in Jerbourg point and St. Martin
point.
MOULSEY. See Molesey.
MOULSFORD, a village and a parish in Wallingford
(listrict, Berks. The vLUage stands on the river Thames
at the boundaiy with O.vford, f of a mile S of Walling-
ford-Road r. station, and 3^ S by W of Wallingford; and
has a po^t-office under Wallingford. The parish com-
prise 1,429 acres. Real property, £1,707. Pop., 180,
Houses, 35. The property belongs to H. B. Morrell,
Es(j. A bridge of two brick arches, each 62 feet in span,
here crosses the Thames. The living is a p. curacy in
the diocese of O.xford. Value, £60.* Patron, H. B.
!Mortll, Esq. The church is in the modern decorated
English style, and has a wooden tower. Charities, £7.
Bishop Barringtou was a resident.
MOULSHAil, a hamlet and achapelry in Chelmsford
parish, Essex. The hamlet lies on the right bank of the
'river Chelmer, immediately suburban to Chelmsford
town; and is populous, 'i'he manor belonged anciently
to the Crown; was given to Westminster abbey; and
v.-eut, at the dissolution, to the family of ilildmay.
Moulshara Hall was rebuilt, for Earl Fitzwaltcr, by Leoni;
is now the seat of Sir H. B. P. St. John llildmay,
Bart.; and contains some interesting portraits, including
one of the founders of Emmanuel college, C'ambridge. A
.sn^all Dominican priory stood on the spot still called the
Friars. Some Roman relics were found in ISoO. — The
chapelry was constituted in 1S38. Post-town, Chelms-
ford. Pop. in 1861, 4,229. Houses, 865. The living
is a p. curacy in the diocese uf Rochester. Value, €290. *
I'.itron, the Rector of Chelmsford. The church was
built in 1841, at a cost of about £2,500; and is in the
rally English style, witli a bell-tiuret.
ilOULSOE, a village and a jKirish in Xewport-Pagnell
district, Bucks. The village stands IJ mile W of the
boundary with Bed.s, Ik E of the river Ouzel, 3 SE of
Newpoi-t-Pagnell, and 3^ N by W of Woburn-Sands r.
.station; and has a post-olRce under Ncwport-Pagnell.
The parish comprises 1,190 acres. Real property, £2,647.
Pop., 234. Houses, 51. The manor belongs to Lord
Cairington. IMoulsne Wood is a meet for the Oakley
Jiouiids. The living is a rector}' in the diocese of O.xfor.i.
Vnlue, £380.* Patron, Lord Carrin^'ton. The church
is tolerable, and has a tower. There is a free school, en-
dowed with the rent of 14 acres of land.
MOULTOX. a township, with a village, in Davenh.-im
parish, Cheshire; on tiic Northwestern railway, 2.^ miles
S of Noithwieh. Aci.s, 483. Jteal property, £1,742.
Pop. in 185i, 32.S; in LSGl, 39.5. Houses, 90. The in-
<;re;u^e of p(.[.. arose from the extension of the salt trade.
The manor belongs to J. JL Harper, Esq. iMoulton
Hall estate belonged formerly to the B.istock faiiiilv, and
beIong.s now to J. F. France, E«q. Jloulton Lodge is
the residono-e of ]\Ir. "S. liraceginllo. E.\teii;ive Salt-
works, in the township, belong to the Newbridge Salt
conijiaiiy. The.e are chipels for In<lepehdent3 and I'ri-
inilive M( th'i'jlsts, and a uation.d .school.
JIOULTON, a \ill.Mge, a parish, and a sub-district, in
Sp.alding di:4riet, Lincoln. Tlie village .^tand.A adjacent
to the Sp.dding ami Lynn railway, 4 inil> s E by N of
S;.-'.l.ling; is a l.irgc lud pretty place; aud lM^ a .station
on the railway, and a post-office under Spalding. Tho
parish contains also the chapelry of Moulton-Chapel, and
the hamlets of Austiudyke, Eaug.ate, and Seasond; and
extends to the coast. Acre-;, 13,785; of which 335 are
water. Real property, £26,384. Pop. in 1851, 2,058;
in 1801, 2,143. Houses, 457. The manor belongs to
Lord Boston. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of
Lincoln. Value, £456.* Patron, M. Johnson, Esq.
The church is jiartly early Phiglish, part'y {lerpendicular;
consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with beautiful
tower and finely-proportioned octagonal spire; and con-
tains a water-drain, an ambry, and a font of 108.3, re-
sembling that of St. James', Westminster. The ]>.
curacy of Moulton-Chapel is a separate benefice. There
are chapels for Weslcvans and Primitive Methodists, a
free grammar school, and charities £150. The grammar
school was founded in 1560, by John Harrox; has £500
a-j-ear from endowment; and is divided into upper school
and lower school, with residences for two masters.
The sub-district contains also Weston parish. Acres,
19,171. Pop., 2,893. Houses, 618.
MOULTON, a parish in Blofield district, Norfolk; 2
miles NNE of Cautley r. station, and 8 W of Yarmouth.
Post-town, Acle, under Norsvich. Acre.?, 1,018. Real
property, £2,650. Pop., 259. Houses, 50. The pro-
perty is divided among a few. The manor belongs to
Lady Catherine Melville. Monlton Hall is a farm-
house. The living is a vicarage in the diocese of Nor-
wich. Value, £177.^ Patron, Lady C. Melville. The
church is ancient but good, aud has a round tower.
Charities £24.
MOULTON, a village, a parish, and a sub-district, in
BrLxworth district, Northamptonshire. The village
stands 3 mUes E of Brampton r. station, and 4 KK byN
of Northampton; is a large place; and has a post-offico
under Northampton. — The jiarish comprises 1,680 acres.
Real property, £7,352. Pop. in 1851, 1,511; in 1861,
1,840. Houses, 4ul. The property is subdivided.
Moulton Grange was formerly the seat of Col. Hatton,
and is now the seat of J. Nethercote, Esq. Thorjielands
is the seat of J. Beasley, Esq. Tho living is a vicarage
in tho diocese of Peteiliiirough. Value, £400.* Patron,
the Rev. T. Walker. Tlie church is partly Norman, all
good; and consists of nave, aisles, and chancel, with a
lofty tower. There are a Baptist chapel, two Wesleyan
chapels, a handsome national school in the modern
Gothic style, several schools for instructing girls in lace-
making, and charities amounting formerly to £120 a-year,
but now much diminished. The sub-district contains
also seven other parishes, and an cxtra-paruchial tract.
Acres, 16,891. Pop., 4,590. Houses, 1,069.
MOULTON, a village and a p.arish in the. district of
Newmarket and county of Sutfolk. Tiie village stands
on the river Lark, near Icknield-strcet, 1{- mile N'E of
the boundaiy with Camliridge, 2 S by W of Kennet r.
station, and 3.^ E by N of Newmarket; was once a
market-town; and has a post-office under Newmarket.
The parish coinjirises 3,134 acres. Real property,
£•3,653. Pop., 518. Houses, f 9. The proj.erty is di-
vided among a few. The manor belongs to the liuke of
Ptutland. The living is a rectory and a vicarage in the
dioceseof Ely. Value, £700.* Patron, Clnist'sCollege,
Cambridge. Tlic church is later English; was restorcil
in 1851, at a cost of more than £2,000; and consists of
nave, aisles, and chance!, with porch and lofty tower.
There are an Independent cliupel. a parochial school, and
charities £111.
iMOULTON, a township in Jliddleton-Tyas pari,?Ii,
N. R. Yorkshire; on the Riolimond and Da;i1ngton rail-
way, 5 miles NE by E of Richmond. It contains t!ie
h.amlets of High Gaterley and Low Gaterlev, and has a
station on the raihvav. "Acres, 2,954. Real property,
£2,997. Pup., 244. ' Houses, 49. There are a eli.ape!
of ease and a Wcslevan ch.ipel.
MOULTON-CHAPEL, a chapel r>- in MnuKon palish,
Lincoln; 3.} miles S by V.' of Moulton r. station, and 4^
SE of Sp.dding. It has a post-olllce nnder Spalding.
Pop. in 1851, 450. The living is a p. curacy in the
diocc.se of Lincoln. A'^ilu'.;, £'.10. Patron, the Vicar of
MOULTON (Great).
384
MOUNTOiN.
iloulton. The church was built in 1722, and is an
OCt.ii;onal structure.
^^OULTON (Oreat), or MorLToy-Sr. Michael, a
village and a parish in Depwade district, Norfolk, Tlie
village stands adjacent to the Great Eastern railway,
midway between Tivetshall and Forncctt r. stations, and
7 miles N\V of Harleston; and has a post-otfice, of the
name of Moulton, under Long Stratton. The parish con-
tains also the hamlet of Little ^.loulton, and comprises
l,.3-i7 acres. Real property, £.3,485; of which £000 are
on the railway. Pop., 442. Houses, 103. Tlie manor
belongs to T. and E. Betts, Esqs. The living is a rec-
tory in the diocese of Norwich. Value, £440. * Patron,
W.' L. W. Chute, Esq. The church has a round tower,
surmounted by an octagonal lantern. There are a
national school and charities £21.
MOULTON (Little), a hamlet in Great Moulton
parish, Norfolk; near Great Moultou village. It was
formerly a parish ; and the living is still a separate rec-
tory in the diocese of Norwich. A'alue, £30. Patron,
the Bishop of Norwich. The church was taken down in
1579.
JIOULTON-PARK, an extra-parochial tract in the
district and county of Northampton; 2 mUes SW of
Moulton. Acres, 450. Pop., 8. House, 1.
ilOUNT, or MoEL-T-M%vxT, a parish in the district
and county of Cardigan ; on the coast, 4 miles N by E of
Cardigan r. station. Post-town, Cardigan. Acres, 1,142.
Pveal property, £663. Pop., 146. Houses, 23. The
property is much subdivided. The living is a p. curacy
in the diocese of St. David's. Value, £55. Patron, J.
Davies, Esq. The church is good.
MOUNTAIN, a hamlet in Llangathen parish, Car-
marthen; Z\ miles AV of Llandilu-FanT.
JNIOUNTAIN-ASH, a coUiers' village in the NE of
Glamorgan; on the Aberdare branch of the TafT Vale
railway, 4 mdes SE of Aberdare. It has a station witli
telegraph on the railway, a post-ofhcej under Aberdare,
and a church in tlie decorated English style, of nave, S
aisle, and apsidal chancel, built in 1863. A colliery
here was opened, about 1838, on a mineral property of
about 4,500 acres; has been sunk to the dejrth of 370
yards; includes a main seam of coals 4 feet thick; yields
an output of more than 1,000 tons a-day; and is worked
through a shaft 18 feet in diameter inside the walling,
and sectioned into four compartments, — two for drawing
up the coal, one for semiing up and down the workmen,
and the fomth for drainage. The coal is smokeless; has
been much in request for the working of steam-ves-sels;
is used by many of the great mail-packet companies of
England; and has been largely exported for the use of
the French goverriment.
MOUNTAIN (Little), a hamlet in Pentrobbin town-
ship, Hawarden parish, Flint ; 1 mOe SE of Mold.
MOUNT-ALYN, the seat of the Godwin family in the
SE of Flint; on tlie river Aiyn, i\ miles N of Wrexham.
JIOUNT-ARARAT, the ^eat of the Grosvenor famUy
in the N of Surrey ; near Richmond.
MOUNT BAY, a baylet on the S coast of the Isle of
"Wight; under the central part of the Undercliff, 1| mile
AVSW of Vcntnor. A mimic fort is on it, connected
vith Lord Yarborough's villa, ;itid formerly mounted
with French guns ; traditionally s.aid to have been cast
from the church bells of Nantes, and to have been taken
by an English privateer; but now mounted by modern
ordnance.
MOUNT BLORENGE. See Blorexoe.
MOUNT BOONE, the seat of Sir H. P. Seale, Bart,
in the S of Devon ; adjacent to Dartmouth.
JtOUNT BURES. See Blres Mouxt.
MOUNT CABUKN. See Calurn JIount.
MOUNT EDGECUMBE. See Maker.
MOUNT EPIIRALM, a hamlet in Framfield parish,
Susse.\; 2 miles SE of Uckfield.
MOUNT FELIX, a seat of the Eari of Tankerville, in
Walton-on-Thames parish, Surrey; adjacent to a bridge
over the Thames, 5 miles W by S of Kingston. It is an
Italian villa, v.ith a campanile; was built iii 1839, after
designs by Sir Charles Barry; and stanils in very beauti-
ful grounds. The part of the Th.unes opposite to it in-
cludes what is called Cowey Stakes, and is generally re-
garded as the ford over which Ciesar passed, iu his second
invasion of England, when pursuing Cassivelaunus.
MOUNTFIKLD, a parish in Battle district, Sussex;
on the Tunbridge Wells and Hastings railway, 2i miles
S of Robertsbridge r. station, and 4 N by W of Battle.
It has a po.=it-ollice under Hurst-Green. Acres, 3,841.
Real property, £3,337; of whicli £10 are in quarries.
Pop. in 1851, 769; in 1861, 585. House.i, 119. Tim
decrease of pop. was caused by the lemoval of labourers
employed on raUvray works. The manor belongs to the
Earl of Ashburnham, E. C. Egerton, Esq., and W. R.
Adamson, Esq. ilountfield Court is the seat of Mr.
Egertou ; and Rushton Park, of Mr. Adamson. The
living is a vicarage in the diocese of Chichester. Value,
£189. Patron, Earl Delawarr. There is a national
school.
MOUNTFITCHET-STANSTEAD. See Stanstead-
MOUXTFITCUET.
MOUNT-GRACE, a viUe in East Harlsey parish,
N. R. Yorkshire; 54 mUes NNE of Northallerton. A
Carthusian priory was founded here, in 1396, by the
Duke of Surrey; and has left considerable remains. The
site is romantic, and gloomily secluded; and is over-
hung, on the SE, by a lofty wooded hill. The church
was craiform; and considerable portions of it, with le-
mains of a central square tower, of decorated English
date, still exist. A portion of the domestic buildings
also, but of Tudor date, still remains. Ruins of a
chapel, founded iu 1515, are on a wooded mountain, to
theE.
ilOUNT-HAWKE, a chapelry in the parishes of St.
Agnes and lUogan, Cornwall; near the coast, 2h miles N
by W of Scorrier-Gate r. station, and 4^ NNE of Red-
nitlk It was constituted in 1846; and it has a ])03t-
ofhce under Scorrier. Pop. iu 1861, 2,226. Houses,
465. Pop. of the St. Agnes portion, 2,024. Houses,
424. The living is a p. curacy iu the diocese of E.xcter.
Value, £130. Patron, alternately the Crown and the
Bishop.
MOUNT HEALEY. See Healey (Mouxt).
MOUNTJC>Y, an eminence in the eastern vicinity of
Carisbrooke, in the Isle of Wight. It commands a
charming view of the valley and estuary of the Medina
river.
MOUNT MISERY, a sterile eminence, is ^^Ue xe of
Newport, in the Isle of Wight It commands a magni-
ficent and extensive view.
MOUNTNESSING, two villages and a parish in Bil-
lericay district, Essex. The villages are Jlountnessing
and Mountnessing-Street ; and they stand on a branch of
the river Wid; the former 2 miles S by W of Ingatestoue
r. .station, and 33 NE of Brentvvood; the latter adjacent
to the Great Eastern railway, 1^ mile NW of the former.
The parish has a post-office under Brentwood, and com-
prises 4,005 acres. Real property, £7,017. Pop., 844.
Houses, 176. The property is divided among a few.
Thoby priory here was founded, in 1141, for Augustiuiau
canons, by Michael Capra Roisi; h.ad, at the dissolution,
an income estimated at £75; aud has left some remains.
A mansion bearing the name of Thoby Priorj', is the
seat of C. R. Vickcrman, Esq. The living is a vicarage
in the diocese of Ilochester. Value, £117. Patron,
Lord Petre. The church comprises nave and two aisles,
and was recently in disrepair. There are a school with
£30 a-vear from endowment, and chaiities £23.
MOUNTON, a parish in Chepstow district, Mon-
mouth; on Poobiicrick brook, IJ mile WSW of Chep-
stow r. station. Post-town, Chepstow. Acres, 407.
Real property, £1,114. Pop., 90. Houses, 19. Thu
property is divided among a few. The living is a p.
curacy in the diocese of LlandafT. A^aluo, £87. Patron,
C. Morgan, Esq. The church is good; and there is a
Wesleyau cliapel.
MOUNTON, or Moncktox, a parish in N.arberth,
district, Pembroke; 2 miles S\V by S of Narberth, and
Ci SS\V of Narberth-Road r. station. Post-town. Nar-
berth. Acres, 330. Real property, £215. Pop., 40.
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