EYNOLDS HfSTORICAO
rsir.'\LOGY COLLECllOM
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC L
3 1833 01742 5627
GENEALOGY
'929.102
F91FRI
1878-1879
THE
IF IB a m 1^ ID
ELTGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL
VOLUME LI I.
— f
PHILADELPHIA:
PRINTED BY WILLIAM H. PILE.
18 7 9.
INDEX.
Ackworth School Centennary Fijnd. Appeal in aid of
the, 3S1.
Active business man. Account of the conviction and
happy close of an, 252.
Address to parents, issued by the Committee on Edu-
cation of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 148. 155.
Address on plainness of speech, issued by a young
Friends' association of Kansas, and comments, 212.
Agents for " The Friend." List of, 7. 15.
Agriculture in France. On, 68.
Notice of some modern improvements in butter
making, 163.
On the poisoning of cattle by cockle seed, 382.
Albanians. Notice of traits of character of the, 323.
Alcott, A. Bronsnn. Notice of recent confession and
exposition of Christian doctrine by, 349. I
Alcoholic drinks. On the injury done by, 142.
Alexander I. of Russia. Remarkable incidents in the
life of, connected with his religious experience, 182.
Alford James. Account of the release from slavery,;
and religious character of, 275.
Algiers. Accounts of the captivity of Friends in, 145.
153. 366.
Amber. On the origin and collection of, on the shores
of the Baltic, 214.
Anecdote of Lord Camden, 85.
the father of Chas. James Fox, 156.
Prof. Joseph Henry, 166.
Duke of Wellington, 191.
Abraham Lincoln, 21. 234.
Ants. Account of a battle between, 183.
"Appeal for the ancient doctrines of the Society of
Friends." Notice of the realization at the present
time of apprehensions of dangers pointed out in the,
230.
Arctic ocean. Notice of a successful voyage through
the, north of Asia, 391.
Arizona. Account of the stone tanks at Tinajae, 301.
Astronomy. Notice of the supposed existence of four
intra mercurial planets, 335.
Assyria. Account of the discovery of bronze
doors, inscribed with records of ancient, 413.
Notice of a curious error in observations at Peters-
burg, Russia, 415.
Athens. Notes of a recent visit to, 17.
Australia. Account of salt springs, and sand storms
in, 211.
Baalbec. Notes of a recent visit to, 9.
Babylon. Notice of the discovery of tablets containing
deeds of sale and plots of land near ancient,
235.
On the continuance of explorations in, 404.
Balaam. On the instruction to be derived from the
account of, 75.
Baptism. Those who will not submit to Christ's, will
never have life, 270.
Barclay's Apology. Lines written by a clergymen on,
197.
Barclay Lydia Ann. Testimony of Aberdeen Monthly
Meeting concerning, 20. 38.
Barclay Robert. Extract from, on the duty of the
church to testify against unsound members, 13.
Barclay's Catechism. Testimony to the value of, in a
Quarterly Meeting in London, 1.59.
Barclay .John. Faith of, that a succession of standard
bearers would be raised up in the church, and r —
ments, 103.
Bathurst Elizabeth. An account of, and testimonies of
Geo. Whitehead and Chas. Marshall concerning, 217,
227.
Bayly William. Account of the convincement and
religious labors of, 252. 2.59. 268.
Bees. Observations on, 342.
Belgium. Notice of a recent expulsion of monks from,
390.
Bermudas. Description of, 173. 182.
Bettle Samuel. Brief notice of some of the religious
exercises of, 31. 1.58.
Sevan Barbara. Brief account of the life, ministry and
death of, at the age of twenty-three, 246.
Bible Association of Friends in America. Circular of,
71. 76. 85.
Extracts from Annual Report of, 207.
Bible. Notice of a bequest by a Roman Catholic for
the circulation of the, 205.
Heinrich Heine's tribute to the, 221.
Incident entitled " The dusty, 2.37.
distribution in China. Account of, 107.
Proposed plan of- Prince Galitzin for the distri-
bution of, in Russia, 406.
Bird-lamp." Account of the stormy petrel entitled
"A, 283.
Birds. Incident related by an old man, on throwing
stones at, 222.
Notice of the wholesale destruction of, to pro-
cure wings, &c., for ornament, 319.
Examination of the food of various, 382.
Books. Remarks on the importance of care in parents
in reference to, 276.
Advice of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting in refer-
ence to, 371.
Book Notices, &c. " An Examen of parts of R. Bar-
clay's Inner Life of Religious Societies of the
Commonwealth," by Charles Evans. Criti-
cism upon, replied to, 3.
Statement issued by Ohio Yearly Meeting, 39.
"An Essay on the anti-scriptural doctrine of the
Resurrection of the Body," by James Bowden,
46.
" The Tract Depository," 67.
"The American Antiquarian," 88.
Report of the Germantown Free Library and
Reading Room, 279.
" Le Reformateur," 328.
Christian advices issued by Philadelphia Yearly
Meeting, (new and enlarged edition,) 376.
An Historic Parallel or George Fox and Martin
Luther as Reformers. By Cyrus W. Harvey,
386.
Bone." T'was only a." Incident entitled, 211.
Box on the ear at the right time." Incident entitled
"A, 362.
Brain. On the composition of the, 294.
Bray William. Incidents in the life of, showing the
exerci.se of true faith, 105. 115.
Notice of the religious labors of, 151.
Anecdotes of, 234. 257.
Buddhist priests. "The method of initiation of, 54.
Bunting. Notice of the black -throated, 114.
Burials. Advice of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting in
reference to, 371.
Burnyeat John. A paper of, in reference to his re-
ligious exercises concerning Friends at Bristol, &c.,
186.
Burritt Elihu. Notice of the death .and character of,
339.
Burrough Edward. Testimony of, to the way of salva-
tion, 228. 236.
Business. Hard times the best for young men starting
in, 15.
On the trials and temptations to be encountered
by the Christian in, 91.
Notice of the maintenance of the testimonies of
Truth by the early Friends in, 122.
On the iiuportance of brevity in, 191.
Kuttcr. The eating of raw, disgusting to Africans, 399.
Butter and Milk. Notice of some modern improve-
ments in reference to the production of, 163.
California. Account of a recent visit to the great
geysers of, 221.
Account of remarkable natural objects in and
near the Yoseniitc Valley, 220.
On the beauty of the scenery of, 380.
Calmness in danger often afforded the Lord's servants,
17.
Camels. Habits of, on the banks of tlx
414.
Capital punishment. Remarks on, 184.
On the incompatibility of, with the precepts i
the Christian religion, 237. 242.
Carbolic acid. On the effect of, in disinfecting culinai
Card-playing and dancing. The necessity of enforcii
the discipline of Methodists against, urged, 398.
Carlyle Thomas. Remarks of, on a passage in tl
Lord's prayer, 127.
Extract from a letter of, 207.
"Carrying their own brimstone." Incident entitle
1.59.
" Cast thy bread upon the waters." Account of a shi;
wrecked Japanese entitled, 43.
Cat. Anecdote of the sagacity of a, 399.
Cattle. Notice of the poisoning of, by cockle seed, 38
Cave. Notice of the discovery of an extensive, at Gla
gow Junction, Kentucky, 95.
Cave of Machpelah. Account of the, 410.
Celluloid. On the composition and uses of, 366.
Certificates furnished by Friends to Samuel and San
Massey, 107.
Chamois case in Switzerland. Judicial decision in a,i
Character. On the danger to, from harboring wick(
thoughts, 252.
Charitable gifts not to be withheld in " hard times
165.
Incident illustrating the love of displav iu ma
ing, 319.
Chicago. On the shameless disregard of the First d
of the week in, 372.
Child. Anecdote of the power of a little, 12.
Remark of a, on playing " like a Christian," 'i
Account of the religious character and death
a, aged nearly seven years, 106.
The best legacy of a parent to a, is a virtue
example, 176.
saved. Incident entitled, A, 412.
Children. Address to parents on the training of, issui
by the Committee on Education of PJiilai
phia Yearly Meeting, 148. 155.
Notice of the concern of John Croker for t
welfare of his, 171.
On the training of, 210.
Concern of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting resp&i
ing the education of, in 1830, 316.
On the qualifications for the right training i'
354. :
Observations of R. Shackleton on the right trai
ing of, 104. _ _ 1
On the benefits of accustoming, to silence ft>j
attention, 110. _ I
Chimney-sweep taught to read from sign-boards. |
279.
China. On the great size of the coal fields of, d'
Incidents connected with the distribution oft
Bible in, 107.
Results of the famine in one district of, ia ^
minishing opium growing, 381.
The distillation of liquors in, discouraged by (
Government of, 398.
Chinese. Remarks on the passage of a bill by Congn
prohibiting the immigration of, 223.
merchants. The successful competition of, wi
Europeans, in China, &c., 62.
in California. Observations on the, 261.
woman. IIow a, became a Christian, 313.
Observaltious on the conduct of so called Cht
tians towards the, 325.
Instance of prejudice against, 365.
Christ. On the dnetri'ne of and testimonies to the Li(
of, in the l.c.irl, 5.-., 141. 220. 228. 236. 23S. 2
Those thai walk in the light of, are witnc
the true worship, 212.
On the divinity and otiices of, 60.
Incident, and comments, on yielding to the g
tie intimations of, in the heart, 78.
The doctrine of Friends in reference to the
ward appearance of, 109. 386. .397.
hrist. Obedience to, required, 146.
Obedience to the cross of, the only way to iiappi-
ness, 174.
On wliat is true work for, ISl.
An eclipse of the moon, calculated to have oc-
curred on the day of the crucifixion of, 195.
The light of, darkened by sin and transgression,
20.5.
On the testimony of Philadelphia Yearly Meet-
ing to, 261.
Eeply to the query, what it is to eat the flesh
and drink the blood of, 247.
The righteousness of, how imputed, 250.
On the resurrection of, 273. 282. 290. 298. 307.
On the necessity of the maintenance by Friends
of the doctrine both of the outward sufferings
and inward oflices of, 295.
On bringing the thoughts into the obedience of,
308.
On preparation for service in the cause of, 318.
The liglit of, within, God's gift for man's salva-
tion. The doctrine of Friends upon, 386. 397.
405.
On waiting for, 389.
hristian. Reply of a, on the cause of his peace, 333.
hurch. On the invisible unity of the true, 350.
The power of the Holy Spirit accompanies the,
357.
Eemarks of R. Shackleton on the qualifications
for .service in the, 66. 104.
The grace of God alone gives vitality to the, 127.
Church sleepers in ye olden time." Extract entitled,
310.
ark Dougan. Extract from a memorial of New Gar-
den Monthly Meeting, N. C, concerning, 279.
leopatra's Needle. On the supposed danger to, from
the wind in London, 335.
Wbert. Account of the honesty of, in early life and
bsequent career, 283.
lolored woman awarded damages for kidnapping. A,
245.
ioal. Statistics of the large amount of, in China, 60.
mine explosions. New theory and proposed
prevention of, 359.
Coals of tire and how they burned." Extract entitled,
Joates Elizabeth. Account by, of the last illness and
expressions of William Hunt, S2.
bdex Sinaiticus. Notice of the appearance and his-
tory of the, 188.
lolporteur. Notice of the labors of a blind, in Syria, 15.
Come unto me." Incident entitled, 214.
ommunion. On spiritual, 398.
;ommunism. Definition of, 71.
onduct and Conversation. Advice of Philadelphia
Yearly Meeting upon, 381.
lonfession and restitution. Incidents and reflections
upon the duty of, 131. 139. 194.
mformity to the world. On, 196.
ionscience. Notice of the power of, in a pagan, 315.
lon.stantinople. Notes of a recent visit to, 17. 25.
inversion at Sea. Account of a, 69.
conversation. On the duty and responsibility of Chris-
tians in regard to, 218.
On religious, 395.
Comments on the above, 400.
lonvictions. The influence of individuals largely due
to the depth of their, of truth, 308.
ope Alfred. Testimony of Frankford Monthly Meet-
ing concerning, 28.
orks. Method of making, water-tight, 343.
!ormorant. Account of a pet, 85.
!otton goods. Statistics of the adulteration of, in Eng-
land, 213.
Jountry ramble." Essay entitled "A, 127.
Jovetousness. Illustration of, and remarks on, 294.
"rime. The alarming increase of, attributed to the
spread of infidelity, 410.
!roker John. Account of the life and religious experi-
e of, 125. 132. 143. 146. 154. 165. 171.
of Christ. Obedience to the, the only way to
happiness, 174.
The nature and efficacy of, 191.
Crouch William. Advice of, on the prevention and
cure of evil speaking, 186.
)akota. Notice of the late destruction in, by prairie
' fires, 150.
)amascus. Notes of a recent visit to, 2. 9.
)angers of the plains. On the, 37.
)arwinisiu. An examination of, (continued from vol.
■" ) 5.22.27.35.49.58.66.73.
)ay. Account of the dark, in New England, in 1780,
210.
INDEX.
" Days of famine." Observations on, 258.
Death. On .seeing .lesus in the hour of, 104.
On the hour and bed of, 249.
Death penalty. On the incompatibility of the, with the
precepts of the religion of Christ, 237. 242.
Deaths. — Benjamin Boss, 8 ; John Boadle, 16 ; Jabez
Buzby, 16; LvdiaBrinton, 24 ; Sarah M. Balderston,
96 ; Deborah Boone, 168 ; David Ball, 352 ; Edward
Balderston, 352 ; Elizabeth Carr, 56 ; Elizabeth Cars-
lake, 88 ; Mary H. Cope, 96 ; Joseph R. Cheyney,
104; Margaret Cox, 144 ; Sarah Carey, 184; Khoda
Carey, 184; Ellen K. Child, 368; George M. Elkin-
ton, 64; EnosP. Eldridge, 112; SemiraS. Edgerton,
96; Jesse Evens, 256; Mary Engle, 280; Charles
Evans, M. D., 296 ; Lucy H. Eddy, 296 ; Mary Even^,
360; Marv Jane Gause, 24; Isaac R. Gifford, 40;
Elizabeth Greeves, 272 ; Jane C. Gamble, 280 ; Sarah
Gruwell, 312; Ann Hoope.s, 40; Betsy Hillee, 168;
Joseph Hooten, 176 ; Benjamin Hoyle, 200 ; Anna
Hartshorne, 280; Lydia Hoopes, 288; Mary Ann
Heulings, 304; Elizabeth R. Hilvard, 344; Joseph
Wat.son Hibbs, 352 ; Benjamin M. HoUinshead, 360 ;
Lydia E. Haves, 368 ; Jane P. Jones, 304 , Isaac
Jones, 328; John L Kite, M. D., 136; George G.
Lear, 64 ; Susan E. Lippincolt, 96 ; James Lee, 200 ;
Martha H. Linton, 200; Ellen Leed.s, 208; M. Jennie
Lovett, 384 ; Marv Maris, 130 ; Howard Maris,
224; Eunice Mickle, 264; Mary M. Miller, 280;
Isaac Mitchell, 304; Sarah North, 192; Margaret
L. Nicholson, 240 ; James Penrose, 120 ; Hannah M.
Penrose, 152; Phineas Pratt, 264; Mary Ann Peck-
ham, 280 ; Susan K. Peokham, 280 ; Sarah C. Paul,
384; William F. Reeve, 120; Harriet M. Rowland,
264 ; Jane Snowdon Khoads, 328 ; Parvin Smith, 24 ;
John S. Stratton, 88 ; Penelope Smith, 112 ; Elizabeth
J. Stokes, 144; John Scarlet, 152; Je.sse Stanley
184 ; Phariba Sear.s, 216 ; Benjamin D. Stratton, 224
Zilpah Shinn, 272 ; Robert H. Smith, 312 ; Benjamin
Smith, 312; Isaac Sharp, 400; Miriam B. Thomas,
160 ; Rebecca Troth, 200 ; Robert Thomas, 256 ; Israe'
D. Titus, 280; Daniel Wills, 16; Catharine Wilson,
46; Abigail Ware, 152; Abbie T. Walter, 304.
Diamonds. Curious method of collecting, in Ch
414.
Diphtheria. On the nature of and remedy for, 238.
Disinfectant. Notice of a, 279.
Divine help vouchsafed in answer to prayer. Instances
of, 81.
Instance.^ of, in healing physical and spiritua
maladies, 94.
guidance, 205.
protection. Instance of, 346.
Dog recognizing his master's picture. A, 399.
Dress. Testimony of Mary Fletcher to plainnesss of,
as a guard against the spirit of the world.
Testimony of several religious persons on the
necessity of taking up the cross in reference
to, 257.
Remarks on the plain, of Friends, 299.
The testimony of Friends in reference to plain
ness of, declared to be of God, 317.
Animadversion on fashion in, of professedh
Christian people, 365.
Eemarks of The Interior and Primitive Christian,
commending plainne.ss of, 406.
Drinking healths. Incident in the life of Thomas
Story respecting, 81.
Eagle. Account of a golden, in captivity, 218.
Ebensburg, Penna. Notice of the history, jiresent ap-
pearance of, &c., 74.
Eddy.stone lighthouse. On the construction of a new,
383.
Editorial. — Remarks on the commencement of a new
volume, 7 ; The promises of Scripture not to be ap-
propriated by those to whom they do not belong, 1.5 ;
Comments on a newspaper article entitled " Wide
Range of Quaker Influence," 23 ; Notice of the re-
cent issue by 'Ohio Yearly Meeting of a publication
on the doctrines, &c., of the Society, and observations
on the hope that all who support its ancient doc-
trines will become more fully united, 39 ; Comments
on the proposed transfer of the Indian Bureau to the
War Department, 47 ; On the doctrine of the Light
of Christ, 55; Remarks on the doctrines of Isaac
Penington respecting the outward coming of Christ
and his inward appearance in the heart, 63 ; Re-
marks on the belief of the Society of Friends on
cardinal points of Christian doctrine, 71 ; On true
faith, 79 ; Notice of the proceedings of Ohio Yearly
Meeting, 79. 128 ; Observations to contributors, 80 ;
The religious man not to be exempt from trials but
supported under them, 87 ; Notice of " The American
Antiquarian," 88 ; On the character of the early
\ 7068G4
Friends and the need for such witnesses for the Truth
at the present day, 95 ; Notice of the proceedings of
Western Yearly Meeting (smaller body), 95. 112;
Eemarks on some of the proceedings of a recent con-
vention of Unitarians, 111 ; On the recent visitation
of the yellow fever in the Southern States, 119 ; Re-
marks on communications respecting the recent di-
vision in Canada Yearly Meeting, 128. 159. 192. 200 ;
On the necessity of silence, and an inward waiting for
Divine help for the renewal of spiritual life, 136 ;
Comments on the increased facilities of the present
age, for the performance of religious visits, 143 ; Re-
marks on the training of children, 152 ; On the trial
to which the faith of the true Christian is subjected
in times of commercial distre.ss, 167 ; Remarks on
the " afliictions of the righteous," 183 ; Comments on
the recent execution of a criminal, 184 ; Notice of er-
roneous sentiments respecting regeneration contained
in a tract issued by tlie " Central Book and Tract
Committee" of Indiana Yearly Meeting, 191; Com-
ments on a communication from Thomas Clark re-
specting the division in Norwich Monthly Meeting,
Canada, 192 ; Notice of the presentation to Congress
of the Memorial respecting the proposed transfer of
the care of the Indians, 192; Remarks on the treat-
ment of the recent fugitive Cheyenne Indians, 199;
Notice of the Report of the Bible Association of
Friends in America, 207 ; Notice of the proceedings
of Western Yearly Meeting, 207; Remarks on errone-
ous doctrines respecting regeneration, 215 ; Eemarks
on the pa-ssage of a bill by Congress prohibiting the
immigration of Chine.se, 223; Remarks on contribu-
tions entitled " Testimonies to the way of salvation,"
223; On the sufferings of Friends at the rise of the
Society on behalf of their principle.s, and the neces-
sity of their faithful maintenance now, 239; Notice
of the presentation of a Memorial against the liquor
traffic to the Legislature of Pennsylvania, 240 ; Ee-
plies to two queries, 247 ; Eemarks on the influence
of the public schools on the community, 255; On
the responsibility of parents and teachers of children,
and the necessity of seeking for Divine a.ssistance
rightly to discharge it, 271 ; Eemarks on the attend-
ance of temperance conventions, &c., by our mem-
bers, 279 ; Observations on an expression in a former
issue respecting our Saviour, 279; Notice of the Re-
port of the Germantown Free Library and Eeading
Room, 279; Remarks on the official repudiation by
the " I5inns Meeting" of Ohio of the doctrine of the
light of Christ, 286 ; Notice of comments on the
above by J. G. Whittier, 327 ; On the responsibility
resting upon this nation on account of its treatment
of the Indians, 287 ; Notice of the proceedings of
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 294. 302 ; Remarks on
maintaining by Friends the doctrine both of the suf-
ferings and oflices of Christ and his work in the heart,
295 ; Notice of the death of Dr. Charles Evans, 296 ;
Eemarks on the competition of American goods in
England, 311; On the necessity of experiencing a
renewed qualification for labors in the church, 319 ;
Comments on an article on the state of Society in
England, 327; Notice of "Le Eeformateur," 328;
Remarks on lowering the tone of the community by
the undue pur.suit of physical exercises, 335 ; On the
danger of becoming deluded by the belief that salva-
tion has been attained, 343 ; Observations on the care
that should be taken by Friends in emigrating, 343 ;
On the disregard of the rights of a citizen of Dela-
ware in the exaction of '' hat honor," .351 ; On the
inconsistency with the principles of Friends of the
written preparation of sermons, 351 ; Remarks on
obstacles to the engagement by Friends in certain
professedly religious labors, 359 ; Notice of a with-
drawal of, and a new organization of members of
Salem Quarterly Meeting, Iowa, 360 ; Notice of pro-
ceedings of London Yearly Meeting, 367. 368 ; Re-
marks on a letter of J. F. Hanson, 368 ; Replies to
comments on a recent editorial on the doctrines re-
pudiated by the Binns Yearly Meeting, 374 ; Notice
of the proceedings of Dublin Yearly Meeting, 375 ;
Notice of a new edition of the Book of Advice.s, 376 ;
Notice of The American Antiquarian, 376 ; Notice of
the proceedings of New York Yearly Meeting, 383 ;
Eemarks on publishing contributions entitled "Re-
ligious Items, &c.," 384 ; On the doctrines of Friends
in reference to the non-payment of the ministry, 391 ;
Approval of remarks in The British Friend oh gos-
pel ministry, .399 ; Remarks on religious conversa-
tion, 400; On the value of the less active and ob-
scure members to the welfare of the church, 407 ;
Observation on a contribution, 407; Comments on a
letter of Isaac Penington, 416.
Education. On the responsible duties connected with,
271. .
Education. Concern in Philadelpliia Yearly Meeting
in 1830, respecting, 316.
Notice of tlje self-denial of a student to obtain
an, 340.
Electricity. Remarkable plienomena of, on Pike's Peak,
3.3.5.
Elizabeth of the Khine. Notice of the life and charac-
ter of the Princess, 110. 113.
Ellis Margaret. An account of the early religious ex-
ercises of, 233. 241.
Letter of, 274.
Emlen .James. Extracts from letters of, and comments,
305. 315. 324. 331. 341. 355. 363. 378. 388. 394. 412.
Emlen Samuel. Account of the closing hours of, and
comments, 150.
England. On the importation of American manufac-
tured goods into, 30'J.
Comments on the above, 311.
Ephesus. Notes of a recent visit to, 17.
Epistle of George Fox, 10.
Ambrose Rigge, and comments, 41. 50. 59.
William Hunt, 83.
John Estaugb, 346.
Errors. Remarks upon fundamental doctrinal, 281.
Escape from drowning on Lake Erie. Account of a
wonderful. 111.
Estaugh John. Epistle of, to Friends, 346.
Explosive. The composition of a new, 294.
Evans Charles. Reply of, to a criticism upon an Ex-
amen of Barclay's Inner Life of the Religious Societies
of the Commonwealth, 3.
Evans Thomas. Exposition of the Faith of Friends
by. Extracts from, 71.
Evans William. Extract from, on maintaining a guard
over the spirit in times of provocation, 148.
Extract from, on the necessity of constant atten-
tion to the work of .salvation, 158.
Extract from, on the duty and service of elders
in the church, 176.
Ever-watchful eye." Extract entitled "The, 356.
Evil speaking. On the injury of, 175._
Advice on the cure and prevention of, 186.
Evolution of man and the lower animals from anterior
tvpes. Examination of the theory of the, (continued
from vol. LI.) 5. 22. 27. 35. 49. 58. 66. 73.
Extravagance in living, &c. Remarks on the present,
292.
Eyes. The protection of the, from the direct light of a
window or lamp, advised, 212.
Facts and inferences. Remarks on the nece-ssity of dis-
criminating between, 213.
Faith. On true, 79.
Incidents showing the exercise of, 100. 105. 115.
True, a Divine gift, 156.
On the trial of, experienced by the true Christian
during periods of commercial embarrassments,
167.
Exhortation to the exercise of, 181.
On the effects which would be produced in the
community by true, if held by all the mem-
bers of the professing church, 198.
Faultfinders. Remarks on, 252.
Feathers. Notes on the business in, 102.
Few thoughts." Essay entitled, " A 338.
Fictitious reading. A testimony borne against, 382.
Fire. On the production of by the Malays, by the
friction of wood, 319.
Fires. Burning sulphuret of carbon as a means of ex
linguiflhing, 197.
Fish. Method of preserving fresh, by salicvlic acid,
212.
Flainier William. Anecdotes of the religious discern
ment of, 258.
Correction in reference to the above, 278.
Florida. Notice of the recent formation of a lake in,
414.
Forest geography and archa?ology. On, 120. 137. 14'
1-57. 161. 172. 178.
Forests. On the dangers from the rapid destruction o
in the United States, 246.
Fothergill's Discourses. Extracts from, 13;).
Fox George. Advice of, to Friends not to quench tli
Spirit, 10.
Epistle of, to Friends in the ministry, 90.
Testimonies of, to the light of Christ and ll
way of salvation, 236.
On true religion, 276.
Advice of, to Friends, in KW, to keep to plaii
ness of dress ; and coTUiiients, 299.
Divinely required not to give complimentary
titles to any, 319.
An historic parallel between, and Luther, 386.
397. 405.
INDEX.
Foxes. Anedotes of the sagacity of Arctic, 138.
France. On the agriculture of, 68.
Account of the "gabelle" or salt tax in, 282.
Notice of the suppression of a pastoral letter in,
by the civil authorities, 365.
Notice of the support of " missions" by Pro-
testants in, 365.
Freedmen. Appeal on behalf of the, in Virginia and
North Carolina, 181.
Notice of the cultivation of friendly relations
with, by the Baptist As.sociation of Va., 365.
Friend. Account of the convincement of a, 405.
Friends. — Religious communications addressed to, 18.
151. 239. 290. 314. 322. 354. 378.
On the state of the Society of, 37. 84. 154. 166.
230. 254. 281. 321. 386. 397.
On the sufferings of the early, for their religious
principles, and the need for their faithful
maintenance now, 239.
On the attendance of their religious meetings
by, 29.
The doctrinesof, incompatible with the pecuniary
compensation of ministers, 29. 36. 391.
On the dangers to the Society of, of Bible classes,
230.
Address to, in Great Britain and Ireland, by
Thos. Shilitoe, (concluded from vol. LI.), 1.
Extract from the Philadelphia Ledger on the
wide range of the influence of, 19.
Comments on the above, 23.
Remarks on the doctrine of, respecting the re-
surrection of the body, 46.
Epistle to, by Ambrose Rigge, and comments,
41.50.59.
The Light of Christ in the heart, the root of the
doctrine-! of the early, 55.
On the cardinal doctrines of the Christian re-
ligion as believed by, 71.
On the doctrine of, in reference to faith, 79.
in the ministry. Epistle of Geo. Fox to, 90.
On the character of the early, 95.
Evidences of the care of early, to carry their
principles into pr.actice, 108.
The doctrine of, in reference to the appearance
of Christ in the heart, 109. 141. 386. 397. 405.
On the doctrines of, in reference to the divinity
and atonement of our Lord Jesus Christ, 111.
295.
On the care of the early, to keep to Scriptural
expressions in defining their views on doc-
trinal subjects, 115.
taken captives in the Barbary States. Accounts
of, 145. 153.
Unfaithfulness among, the cause of the pre.sent
degeneracy in the Society of, 154.
Advice on the training of the children of, to
trades, &c., 158.
Observations on the ground of true unity among,
166.
On the testimony of, to plainness of speech, 212.
Testimonies of, to the way of salvation, 228. 236.
243.250.261.267.277.291.
Counsel of Wm. Penn to young convinced, and
comments, 239.
Advice addressed to young, 254.
Remarks of one not a member among, upon the
importance of retaining the distinctive pecu-
liarities of, by, 266.
Extract from William B.ayly on the spirit which
animated the early, in bearing persecution,
269.
On the false doctrines in reference to salvation,
now preached among, 281.
Remarks on the plain dress of, 299.
On the obligation upon all, to live up to their
profession, 318.
Questions on llie state of the Society of, in En-
gland, 321.
Comments on the above, 327.
in Cardiganshire, Wales. Interesting incidents
relating to, 330.
On u. w diulriiu's advanced among, 332.
A r ■. ill" i-Iii- plilressed to, 338.
.\']\i : ll watering places, Ac, 35.5.
Kmm ! ; ling of a meeting of, at Beach
ll.,^. II \ .1,, :::>■>.
On ,-.,nrns iif spiritual weakness to, 403.
Niitiic of a meeting of, at San Jos^, Cal., 405.
Friends' l.ibnny in Philadelphia. Statement in refer-
ence lo, :!i);i.
I Frog. Notice of the metamorphoses of the, 188.
Fruit in old age. Extract entitled, 95.
' Funerals. Advice against costly, 398.
" Gabelle." Account of the, 282.
Games. On the danger of permanent injury to health
by violent popular, 134.
Geology. Remarks of the President of the Royal So-
ciety on conflicting theories in, 45.
Notice of amber and asphaltura in green sand
of New Jersey, 350.
Notice of fossil gigantic bird-tracks in the lower
Connecticut valley, 366.
Gentleness. On the power of, 119.
George, Samuel and John. Account of, 330.
Germany. On the present demoralized condition of,
372.
Gevsers of California. Account of a recent visit to,
221.
Girls. On the present neglect in teaching, sewing and
the proper care of clothing. 111.
Golden-winged woodpecker. Notes on the, 130.
Goodwin John, of Wales. Account of a visit of, to two
young convinced Friends, 330.
Gorilla. Description of the, 22. 27.
Grasshoppers. Notice of an U. S. Commission upon
the, of the Rocky Mountains, 351.
Gray's Elegy. An unpublished verse of, 333.
Greeks. Notice of the character of the modern, 323.
Green Jacob. Anecdote of, 257.
Hahn Michael. Notice of the settlement of the fol-
lowers of, in Kronthal, Germany, 198.
" Hat honor." Notice of a recent incident in refer-
ence to, in Delaware, and remarks on, 3.5l.
Health. On the danger of permanent injury to, by
cricket and other violent games, 134.
On the injury to, by the use of narcotics and
stimulants, 142.
On the danger of lead poisoning from tin dis
211.
Protection to the eyes, from the direct light of
a window or lamp advised, 212.
Debility not to be remedied by wine, 222.
On the nature and treatment of diphtheria, 238,
Advice in reference to pure air in bed-rooms, 294.
On the effects produced on, by alcohol, 307. 341. !
Remarks on imaginary injuries to the body, 343.|
On preserving the, of women by properly con- '
structed houses, 389.
Remarks on fainting, 407.
On the beneficial effect of cool dry air on con-
sumption, 415.
Hicks Elias. Dying expre.ssions of William Newboldl,
in reference to the doctrines of, 86.
" Hicksite Friends." Notice of proceedings of the late
Yearly Meeting of, 358.
" His loving-kindness is better than life." Account of
an invalid girl, entitled, ISO.
Hoag Joseph. The testimony of Friends to the non-
payment of gospel ministry, illustrated in the
experience of, 36.
Testimony of, in reference to silent meetings, 51.
Incident in the early religious experience of, and
comments, 75.
Experience by, of the Lord's healing power, 94.
Incident in the life of, illustrating Divine guid-
Holy Scriptures. The promises of the, not to be appro-
priated by those to whom thev do not belong,
15.
Illustrations of the truth of the statements of,
respecting natural objects, 74. 278.
On the influence for good of the casual reading
of the, 124.
The reading of the, blessed to a Japanese con-
vict, 146.
Testimonv of profane writers to the credibility
of the New Testament, 102. 109. 177. 185. 19.5.i
201.
Remarks on the disposition to fritter away a be-
lief in the declarations of, 190.
Account of the effect upon a number of Hindu
youths of the Sermon on the Mount, 201.
Illustrations of passages in the, from Oriental
Theoprni
for, ri,i,'li
ConfirriKii
>■ Divine Word to be w:
.Kr,l:u..l the, 219.
On the dangers to the Society of Friends
the study of, and attempts to explain the, \
out the immediate influence of Divine g
230.
Instance of the, made instrumental in the
vicemcnt of an aged wom.in, 266.
Holy Spirit. The, strives with all, in order for
salvation, 84.
[oly Spirit. Suggestions to aid in securing the guid-
ance of the, 165.
On the witnessing of the, by the true believer.
202.
On living in the power of the, 252.
The conviction of the, attending a simple inci-
dent, 387.
Those who walk in the, the salt of the earth,
399.
lome circle. On showing politeness and kindness in
the, 31G.
lomes. On cheerful, 348.
[onesty. Illustrations of the rigid, of Abraham Lin-
coln, 21.
Illustration of the, of William Ellery, 366.
looper Geraldine. Notice of conversations of, on re-
ligious subjects, 1.51.
Ior.ses. Method of controlling by the aid of electricity,
414.
[owgill Francis. E.Ktract from, on believing in and
obeying the Light of Christ, 202.
lumility. Remarks on, 232. 362.
lungary. Notice of professors of religion in, resem-
bling Friends, 159.
lunt William. Epistle of, 83.
E,xpressions of, during his last illncs.s, 82.
1. Notice of the beginning of the exportation of, as
1 business, 294.
ibeciles. Ob-servations on training, 293.
ncidents and Reflections, 4. 11. 21. 29. 36. 51. 57. 70.
7.5. 81. 93. 100. 10.). 115. 131. 1.38. 151. 170. 179. 194.
205. 209. 219. 229. 234. 244. 252. 257. 266.
India. Account of the recent spread of Christianity
in, 398.
Notice of efforts for the benefit of orphans by the
late famine in, 413.
ndia-riibber. On the process of gathering, on the
Amazon, 350.
dian character. An exhibition of, 396.
Indians. Notice of the discovery of a quarry in Vir-
ginia formerly worked for implements by, 13.
of New York. Protest of, against transferring
the Indian Bureau to the War Department of
the Government, 46.
Comments on the above, 47.
Traditions of the deluge among the, of the North-
west, 82.
Notice of some delicate examples of workman-
ship apparently of aboriginal, 84.
Account of the recent escape from their re.serva-
tion of Cheyenne, 90.
On the remote causes of the recent outbreak of,
in Oregon, 150.
Memorial of Friends to Congress again.st the
proposed transfer of the care of, to the War
Department, 189.
Remarks on the treatment of the fugitive Chev-
enne, 199.
Statistics of the progress of Western, under the
• care of Friends, 229.
Observations of Thomas Story, on the conversion
of the, 258.
Account by Chief Joseph of the recent war with
the Nez Perc^, 265. 274. 285.
Comments on the above, 287.
as subscribers to a Monthly .Journal devoted to
their interests. Notice of, 302.
Notice of injurious effects to the, of Canada by
Sioux from the United States, 315.
Notice of an appeal of the Omaha, on behalf of
the Poncas, and comments, 318.
Account of, recently prisoners in Florida, 363.
Notice of a recent examination of graves of, in
Chester Co., Pa., 340.
Notice of a recent decision of Judge Dundy on
the legal rights of, 369.
Account of the payment of annuities to a tribe
of, 402.
Account of Truth-Teller, one of the Sioux, 413.
[ndian Territory. Notice of an attempted invasion of
the, by whites, 369.
[nfidelity. Remarks on mathematical evidence in con-
nection with, 299.
The great increase in crime attributed to tbe
spread of, 410.
Irish moss. Notice of the business of collecting, &c., 30.
[Insects. Notice of food prepared from, 350.
Intoxicating liquors. Short account of the career of a
dealer in, 75.
I Notice of the good effects of the Maine liquor
1 law in Maine, 221.
Memorial of Friends to the Legislature of Penn-
sylvania against, 234.
INDEX.
Intoxicating liquors. Remarks of a liquor-dealer in
reference to, 284.
Statement of the clerk of a court in Edwards Co.,
111., on the economy of the prohibition of,
302.
On the effects upon the physical system of, 307.
Statistics of the consumption of, in Great Britain,
340.
Remarks on Dr. Richardson's
upon, 341.
Statistics of the sale of, in Philadelphia, 365.
Statistics of the sale of beer in the U. States, 406.
Intoxicating effects of cider. Instance of, 365.
Intoxication disqualifies for holding office in Michigan,
382.
Japan. Notices of life in, by an American teacher,
337. 345. 353. 361. 370. 377. 385. 393. 401. 409.
Japanese. Account of the career of John Mangero, a
shipwrecked, 43.
prisoner. The reading of the Holy Scriptures
blessed to a, 146.
Notice of Joseph Neshima, a, 413.
Judge in the stocks. Anecdote of a, 85.
Judicious instruction. Extract entitled, 390.
Justification. On the views of Friends in reference to,
202.411.
Jute. Notice of a process of utilizing the, in making
dye-stulTs, 219.
Kerosene oil. On the dangers from the use of, 407.
King John, a Cincinnati news boy. Account of, 411.
Kingdom of God is within vou." Incident entitled,
" The, 206.
Kingdom of God and Christ declared by Francis How-
gill. The, 323.
Kite Thomas. Brief notice of some of the religious
exercises of, 31. 158.
Knowledge. On the true source of spiritual, 219.
Kronthal, Germany. Notice of the settlement of re-
ligious people in, 198.
Lake Fucino. Account of the drainage of, 196.
village. Notice of the recent discovery of a, in
Switzerland, 390.
Language. On the testimony of Friends to the plain,
George Fox divinely required to use the plain,
to all men, 319.
Lead poisoning. On the danger of, from the use of tin
dishes, 211.
Leeds Samuel. Letter of, to some young friends, 220.
Letters from unfrequented places, 2. 9. 17. 25.
Letter of John Thorp, 14. 148.
Richard Shackleton, 19. 66. 77. 103. 104. 415.
Arthur Howell, 98.
Joshua Wight, 101.
Samuel Leeds, 220.
Margaret Ellis, 274.
J. F. Hanson, 357.
Comments on the above, 368.
Thomas Wagstaffe. Extract from, 366.
Isaac Penington, 411.
Letters and diary of Margaret Morris. Extracts from,
(continued from vol. LI.) 6. 10. 18. 26. 42. 52.
59. 67. 74. 83. 93. 99.
on behalf of the freedmen in Virginia and North
Carolina, 181.
Letters an.l diary of Ebenezer Worth. Extracts from,
and comments, 270. 277. 289. 300. 309. 317. 326. 329.
338. 349. 357. 362. 370. 379. 386. 395. 403. 410.
Letters of James Emlen. Extracts from and comments,
305. 315. 324. 331. 341. 355. 363. 378. 388. 394. 412.
Library at Trenton. A bequest to, excluding fiction,
382.
Life. On the uncertainty of, and necessity of constant
watchfulness, 254. 334.
On enjoying the pleasures of, day by day, with-
out'useless regrets or anticipations, 318.
Observations on complaining of the monotony
of, 341. _
Light of Christ in the heart. On the testimony of
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting in 1829 to, as the
primary rule of faith and practice, 261.
Lightning. Remarkable phenomenon of, observed
near Media, Pa., 390.
Lincoln Abraham. Illustrations of the rigid honesty
of, 21.
Anecdotes of the benevolence of, 234.
Lion. Account of the successful retaking of an escaped,
311.
Lippincott Susan E. Extract on the character of, 118.
Locusts prevent the advance of troops, 399.
London. On some of the marvels of, 247.
London. Notice of the operations of the Stranger's
Home in, 3S1.
On the value of the du.st, refuse, &c., of, 382.
Notice of the discovery of fossils under, 383.
Lottery. Public sentiment in the United States op-
posed to the, 406.
Love. On Divine, by I. Penington, 223.
On the preciousness of living in a sense of Divine,
247.
On the nature of, by I. Penington, 263.
Lovell Edith. Account of the shipwreck of, 188.
Maine. Testimony to the good effects of prohibition of
liquor selling in, 221.
Mammoth cave. On the height of the domes in the,
206.
' Man's salvation God's work." Extract from The
British Friend entitled, 110.
Marocco and the Great Atlas. Notice of a tour in, by
Joseph Hooker, 379. 388.
Marriage. Advice to a young woman about entering
into, 67.
On the importance of seeking for Divine guid-
ance in, 244.
customs. On the use of the shoe in connection
with, 324.
Noteworthy example in the accomplishment of,
399.
Marriages. — Pennell L. Webster to Mary W. Yarnall,
24 ; William Henry Reid to Anna M. C. Hoopes,
128; William B. Hall to Lydia J. Sidwell, 152;
George Balderston to Myra A. Atwater, 160 ; Eli
Sharpless to Esther A. Wilkins, 168 ; John Vail, Jr.,
to Lydia M. Garwood, 176 ; Benjamin Smith to
Sidney Pearson, 192 ; Jesse A. Carter to Delphina
Stanley, 200 ; Hiram T. Pickett to Serena Pickett,
200. 216; Jonathan Tomlinson to Alveena Burke,
216 ; Lewis P. Sharple.ss to Ruthanna Brown, 224 ;
Ezra W. Naylor to Rachel E. Stephen, 240 ; John
M. Sager to Mary E. Woodward, 256 ; John E. Carter
to Fannie W. Pim, 256 ; Thomas S. Shoemaker to
Anna Morgan, 288 ; Ezra C. Engle to Martha T.
Buzhv, 328; Owen Y. Webster to Clara England,
384 ; Reuben Haines to Sophia P. Hartshorne, 400.
Massey family. Some memoranda of the, 101. 106.
Mammoth. Account of a, as restored in the L'niver.sity
of Rochester, N. Y., 92.
Mechanical toy at the Paris E.xhibition. Notice of a
remarkable, 14.
Megaphone. Notice of the, 76.
Meharee. Notice of the swift, 101.
Memoranda of Meetings in Philada. in 1843, 31. 158.
Memorial to Congress against the proposed transfer of
the care of the Indians to the War Depart-
ment, issued by the Representatives of Phila-
delphia Yearly Meeting, 189.
Memorial of the Representatives of the religious So-
ciety of Friends in Pennsylvania to the Legis-
lature against intoxicating liquors, 234.
Metalliferous deposits. The theory of the formation of
some, 49.
Meteorite. Account of the recent fall of a, in Iowa, 366.
Milk. ExperimenUs on the effects of cold on, for dairy
purposes, 319.
Mines. The heat of the Nevada, and the methods em-
ployed in working them, 53.
Ministry. E.xperience of Lydia Ann Barclay in coming
out in the, 20.
of the gospel not to be chargeable to any. The,
29. 36.
Epistle of George Fox to Friends in the, 90.
A gift in, tends to humble the heart, 130.
of women justified from Scripture, 225.
Observations on the nature and object of gosijel,
227.
Remarks on the communion of spirits, as silent,
229.
Observations on exercises preparatory to the, 264.
Observations and encouragement offered by Jas.
Emlen in reference to exercises pertaining to
the, 305.
On the change of heart accompanying a gift in
the, 305.
On the danger of depending on the, to the neglect
of individual exercise, 318.
On the doctrines of Friends in reference to the
non-payment of, 391.
True gospel, not to be made merchandize of, 404.
Of women, authorized by scripture, 413.
Moore George. Account of the life and character of,
89. 97. 108. 114.
Moore Hannah. Account of some of the last expi-es-
sions of, 42.
More Hannah. Extract from, on the necessity of in-
struction by those who profess to teach others in re-
ligion, '2Q'2.
" Morning thoughts." Essay entitled, 322.
Morris Margaret. Extracts from the diary and letters
of, and comments (continued from vol. LI.), 6. 10. 18.
2(3. 42. 52. 59. 07. 74. 83. 93. 99.
Mount Etna. Kotice of a recent eruption of, 373.
Mount Washington. Description of a sunset view from,
02.
Mountains. On the beauty of tlie scenery of the Santa
Cruz, Cal., 380.
Mourning attire. Disapprobation of, by German Bap-
tists, 372.
Mule. Account of the intelligence of a, 400.
Music. Testimony of John MuUiner in regard to the
dissipating eflect of, on the mind, 222.
" My salvation is secure." Essay entitled, 77.
Names. On the present rare occurrence of English
Christian, 300.
Narcotics and stimulants. Kemarks on the dangers of
the use of, 142.
Natural History. — The sea lion, 84 ; A pet Cormorant,
8.5; The swift Meharee, 101; The Black-throated
bunting, 114; The Gardener bird, 123; The Golden-
winged woodpecker, 130 ; Arctic foxes, 138 ; Ostriches,
179 ; Black and red ant.s, 183 ; The Frog, 188 ; Flying
squirrels, 200 ; The Golden eagle, 218 ; The stormy
Petrel, 283 ; Cicadas, 293 ; Feather-stars, 301 ; Flying
squirrel of Borneo, 311 ; Flying lizard of Borneo, 311 ;
A tame chippins; Sparrow, 327 ; On the colors of ani-
mals, 327 ; Kooks, 334 ; The Dace, 351 ; The Bark-
louse, 351 ; The Starling, 358 ; Pill-making crabs,
305 ; Kungu, 373 ; Tropical water snakes, 400 ; The
Boring sponge, 414; Tlie Oriole, 414; The Axalott,
415.
Navigation of the Atlantic. Account of the early
steam, 193. 202.
Naylor James. Dying expressions of, 242.
Nebraska. Notice of the late destruction in, by prairie
fires, 150.
Never forget anything. Extract entitled, 390.
Newbold William. Notice of the death and character
of, 5.
Some expressions of, during his last illness, and
remarks on his character, 80.
New England. Account of the dark day of 1780, in,
210.
New York city. Notice of the refusal of the authorities
of, to grant permits for dwelling houses de-
signed without reference to health, 199.
Notice of a resort for thieves under the piers of,
On the small proportion of the population mak-
ing profession of religion, 400.
Newspapers. Testimony of the Presbyterian General
Assembly against reading, on the First-day of the
week, 358.
" No cross, no crown." Extract entitled, 7.
" Not weary in well doing." Account of the death with-
out hope of a former professor of religion, entitled,
124.
Novel reading. On the influence of, on the young, 118.
Experience of Prof. Joseph Henry in regard to,
166.
Statistics of, in one Library in New York, 276.
Nutmeg-growing at Singapore. On, 342.
Obeisances. On, 87.
Obedience in little things. On, 190.
OfHey Daniel. Testimonial of the citizens of Phila-
delphia, in 1794, to the surviving relatives of, 197.
Omniscience of the Almightv. On the fruits of a prac-
tical belief in the, 318.
Optimism and pessimism. Illustrations of, 334.
Orchard. Account of a great, in New York State, 360.
Ostriches onaCapeofGood Hope farm. Accountof, 179.
" Out of weakness made strong." Remarks on silent
heroism entitled, 127.
Palm and the heath. Observations on the, confirming
Scripture testimony, 278.
Paris. Account of eiforts to improve the condition of
the poor of, 298.
Parents. On the responsibility and duty of, toward
the souls of their children, 139.
Address to, from the Committee on Education of
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, 148. 155.
On the duties of, in the training of their children,
210.
Advice of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting to, 405.
Paul at the tomb of Virgil. Extract entitled, 36.
Pauperism. A successful attempt to diminish, at Eber-
1 N DEX.
Penington T.saac. Some Queries concerning Christ by,
30. 33. 44. 54.
Comments on the above, 03.
Extracts from, on the divinity and oflices of
our Lord Jesus Christ, 60.
Observations of, on prayer, 92.
Observations of, on the nature of true faith, 168.
On Divine love, by, 223. 203.
Letter of, on the doctrines of Friends, &c., 411.
Penn William. Notes on the travels of, in Holland and
Germany in 1677, 109. 113. 120. 132.
Counsel of, to the newly convinced, and com-
ments, 239.
Warning of, to all to depart from their sins, 253.
On the pernicious influence of those who profess
the form but deny the power of godliness, 203.
The experience of the new birth, necessary to
becoming a Christian, 383.
Pennsylvania. Observations on the geology of, 34. 42. 49.
On the effect of Wm. Penn's travels in Holland
and Germany in 1677, in settling, 132.
On the settlement of, 109. 113. 120. 132.
Notice of forest fires in northeastern, 311.
Photography. On the application of, to the detection
of criminals in France, 335.
Pitcairn islanders. Account of the present condition
of the, 267. |
Pike's Peak. Observations of the recent total eclipse of
the sun, from 20.
Pigeon shooting. Remarks on the cruelty of, 281. |
Pine trees. The pollen of, mistaken for sulphur, 399.
Plainness of speech. An addre.ss upon, stating the testi-
mony of Friends in regard to, 212. I
of dress. Anecdotes and remarks upon, 257.
Plants. Irish moss, 30. |
On the chemistry of the growth of, 103. 100. 117.
124. 135. I
Notice of the travels of rice and other, 222.
The sensitive plant, 327.
The Peruvian mastic, 390.
On changes in the flora of Del. Co., Pa., 399.
Platinum. Vessels of large size. Notice of the pro-
duction of, 359.
Platinum metals. Exhibition of rare, at Paris in 1878,
.359.
Poetry. — Original. — The old Meeting House, 52 ; An
appeal to Friends, 332; Harvest Hymn, 404. j
Poetry.— Selected.— Autumn, 204; Be True, 45; "Come{
to me," 165 ; The City of our God, 230 ; Call me not
dead, 293; The Christian life, 293; A conclusion,!
372; The Corn and the lilies, 412; The deserted
meeting house, 5; Drawing out the fear, 380; Dying
words of Neander, 388; Evening Sorrow, 412; To
the Fringed Gentian, 45; The Forest ramble, 140;!
Faith, 260 ; From my arm chair, 308 ; God knoweth \
best, 36 ; The Golden Sunset, 92 ; Golden Kod, 156 ;
Growing old, 212 ; Hymn, 21 2 ; A Hymn of the sea, I
244 ; He leadeth me, 270 ; " I was a stranger and ye
took me in," 133; The inch before the saw, 220 ; The
Indian's lament, 348 ; Lines, 253. 332. 356. 372 ; Lit- ,
tie things, 36 ; Leave God to order all thy ways, 84 ; I
Little by little, 108 ; Lead me to the Rock, that is
higher than I, 380 ; Little rag-tag, 301 ; Ligiit in the
valley, 340; A little while and ye shall see me, 284;
The last walk in autumn, 180; Lines on Barclay's
Apology, 197 ; " Letter to Jesus," 228 ; My little wife
and I, 6() ; The man of Macedonia, 140; A mother's
cares, 197; My Mother, 204; "Mother is growing
old," 390 ; No concealment, 268 ; Only, 150 ; On the
death of a young friend, 310 ; Over and over again,
412; The Pilgrim, 92; The Praise meeting of the
flowers, 188; Praise for present pain, 220 ; Returning,
45; Red Riding Hood, 124 ; A Song in the night, 09 ;
Sweetly bending to his will, 149; The Summons, 228 ;
Stanzas, 253; Spring, 276; Some how or other, 301 ;
Sowing in hope, 346 ; So run that ye may obtain, 364 ;
The Smoker's dream, 364; Trust, 12; The two alabas-
ter boxes, 20; Tired mothers, 108; 'Trailing arbutus,
324; Tears, 356; Thy will be done, 404; Teach me
to live, 372; The Turned le.sson, :;7J; In.l.r the
leaves, 316; The voice from Galihr, j:;';; In-pnkiii
prayer, 396; The village blacksmiil,, .■.ns; Ihr Wait-
ing ones, (ill; "Write tbeni n lili.i- ii. ninhl," 2.S 1 ;
Workaiul w;mI, :;-Jl; W.iilin-, .T'.J; Wh.Muadethe
flowers'.' :;[u; Wliirli is \.,iii Imi ; :;i', ; We can trust
still, 3SS; Wl,:,| w,. -li,i.,lM ,:nv liir, :l--.
Polygamy. iOxtract from decision oi' I . S. Supreme
Court declaring, illegal, 204.
Pool .Joseph. Testimony of Joseph and Sarah Pool
concerning their son, 297.
Poor. On the increase of the comforts of tlic, within
two himdred years, 55.
Moral, rather than material help needed bv the,
335.
Poplar. On tlie use of, to bind drifting sand, 382. i
Post office. On the transmission of animals throug
the, in Germany, 342.
Potashes. On the manufacture of, from beet-root ra^
lasses, 342.
Power of gravitation. The universal presence of, ui
seen and unheard, compared with spiritu;
power, 215.
Spiritual, the gift of God, 319.
Prairie. On the dangers of travelling on the, 37.
Prayer. Observations on the nature of, 45.
Instances of the efficacy of true, 81.
Observations on, by Isaac Penington, 92.
On the necessity .and blessings of, 203.
Notice of immediate relief from danger upo
mental, 211.
Remarkable incidents in connection with, 301
335.
The efficacy of, not connected with the numbe
of words, &c., 327.
On the benefit of early morning, 371.
Presbyterians. Notice of harmony between Norther
and Southern, in the United States, 390.
Music not permitted by, at Belfast, in meeting
for worship, 393.
Prison Philanthropy. On, 404.
Prisons. Notes on the, of England, 98.
Procrastination. On the tendency to, and dangers
310.
Prodigal." Extract entitled "The young, 325.
Progress. On the conditions of real, 90.
Prophecy. The spirit of, not withdrawn from th
church at the present time, 70.
Prosperity. Remarks on the different effects of, upoi
individuals, 310.
Providential deliverance from shipwreck, 346.
escape from death. Account of a, 398.
Punishment. Observations on the spirit in which
should be accepted, 284.
Purim. Notice of the annual observ.ance of the feas
of, by the Jews, 293.
Queries concerning Christ." Extract from I. Pening-
ton entitled " Some, 30. 33. 44. 54.
Comments on the above, 63.
Rachel Joseph, a colored man. Anecdote of the be
lence of, 234.
Railroad. Passage of a, through the Grand Canon o;
the Arkansas, 331.
Railway incident." Statement entitled " A, 140.
Raisins. Method of preparin.g, described, 263.
Reading. Illustration of the injurious effects upon the
young of sensational, 131.
Redemption. What it is. 251.
Redemptioners in Pennsylvania. Anecdote connected
with the, 354.
Reflections on my Forty-seventh birth-day, 12.
Regeneration. On erroneous sentiments respecting, 215.
Regeneration, Sufl^ering, Rejoicing and Self-searching.'
Essay entitled, 378.
Religion. On the benefit of spiritual exercises in the
work of, IS.
On the danger of settling into a false security in
reference to the work of, 77.
The professor of, not exempted from trials, but
supported under them, 87.
True, the work of God, 110.
Discouragements, to be expected by the professor
of, 125.
Obedience to Christ the practical test of, 140.
On the importance of having the will subdued,
imder the operations of the Holy Spirit, 151.
On the necessity of constant attention to the work
of, 158.
On bearing the cross of Christ, 174.
On self-activity in the work of, 181.
On the importance of obedience in little things
in, 190.
Incident illustrating the declaration "The King-
dom of God is within you," 206.
On the nature of true convincoments in, 206.
Remarks of George Fox on, 270.
On following our own way in, 284.
On the inadequacy of the reasoning |)owcrs in,
319.
Obedience to the Redeemer'.s grace, the starting
point in, 304.
Kemarks of John Griffith on experimental, aa
distingnislied from profc'^sion, 402.
Religious (ipportuiiitiesof a .social character. Instances
of, and remarks on, 170.
re^ponsibilities of the young. On the, 290.
items, .Vic, 358. 365. 372. 3S1. 390. 398. 405. 413.
eligions items, &c. Comments on, 384. 398.
eminiscence. Incident entitled A, with comments, 78.
ntance. Remarks on, as a necessary duty for all,
esurrection of Jesus Christ. On the .iccount of the,
as recorded in the Scriptures, 273. 282. 290.
298. 307.
A thought on the, 311.
,esurrection of the body. Remarks on the doctrine of
Friends in reference to the, 46.
Responsibility. On the duty of accepting, by those
qualified, 371.
letrenching personal expenses. On the disposition to
sacrifice benevolent purposes in, 149. 165.
tetribution. Incident entitled, 294.
teward of honest industry. Incident entitled, 253.
iichardson John. On the views of Friends in refer-
ence to the pecuniary support of minister,*, 29.
Instance of presence of mind and calmness in
danger of, 57.
Prophetical utterances of, 70.
Instance of Divine regard to, in his early re-
ligious experience, 81.
Experience by, of the Lord's healing power, 93.
Account of a religious opportunity of, with a
judge in Bermudas, 170.
Instance in the life of, illustrating Divine guid
ance, 179.
Remarks of, on the importance of seeking Divine
guidance in marriage, 244.
Account by, of the convincement of a young
woman, 266.
liclies not a mark of Divine favor. Observations of
.lohn Thorp on, 62.
Remarks on unsatisfied feelings often following
the accumulation of, 310.
The possession of, frequently a burden, 31
Jigge Ambrose. Epistle of, to Friends everywhere,
41. 50. 59.
lighteous. On the trials and temptations of the, 260.
■litualism. The fundamental doctrine of, idolatrous,
382.
Ritualistic place of worship in Philadelphia. Observa-
tions on a, 365.
Boad-side. The character of farmers often to be judged
from the, 301.
Romanism. Resolution of Presbyterians against,
' Rotten spot" in the character. On the, 92,
Russia. Incident illustrating the despotic power of the
government of, 284.
Notice of the Nihilists of, 322.
3acredness of a promise. Anecdote of the father of
Charles James Fox upon the, 156.
Sadness. Advice of John Howard not to give wav to,
36.
Saints." On the improper use of the term, 405.
Salvation granted through our Lord Jesus Christ to
difTerent cla.sses of mankind, 314.
Repentance necessary to, 235.
Testimonies to the way of, 220. 228. 236. 243
250. 261. 267. 277. 291.
School-rooms in Germany. Windows on both sides for-
bidden in, 212.
Schools. Remarks on the influence of the public, on
the community, 255.
On the responsibility of teachers, and the qual;
fications required rightly to discharge their
duties, 271.
Science. Remarks of the President of the Royal So-
ciety on speculations in, 45.
A belief in the truths of Divine revelation noi
to be put aside at the behest of, 197.
The discoveries of, not injurious to Christianity
284.
Scientific Notes, 293. 301. 319. 327. 334. 342. 358. 365
373. 382. 390. 399. 406. 414.
Scott Samuel. Remarks of, on the emptiness of the
approbation of men, compared with Divine favor
340.
Seed of the kingdom." Essay entitled " The, 364.
Self-control illustrated in the management of a horse
293,
Self-reproach. Incident entitled, 302.
Self-righteousness. Extract entitled, 356.
Sensational literature. Instance of the evil effects of,
on young minds, 207.
Sensational sermon. Notice of a, 406.
Sentinel. Notice of an order given in Russia to a, re
maining in force for a century, 207.
Seriousness. Extract on the decay of, in the commu
nity, 126.
Shackleton Richard. Letter of, on the qualifications
for service in the church, 66.
INDEX.
Shackleton Richard. Letter of, on giving up to Divine
visitations, 103.
Letter of, on the training of children, and the
right support of the discipline, 104.
Letter of, to D. C, 415.
Shewen William. Notice of the life and character of,
205.
Testimony of, to the light of Christ, 205. 212. 238.
On meditating on the law of the Lord, 214.
On an honest and upright heart, 222.
On the preciousness of true waiting on the Lord,
228.
On living in the sense of the love of God to us,
247. 409.
On living in the power of the Holy Spirit, 252.
On the temptations of the righteous, 260.
On the blessedness of those who live in and obey
the power of God, 267.
On loving and following the law of God, in the
heart, 284.
On the necessity of man's ceasing from his own
On the heavenly vision of the prophet Daniel,
322.
On having the mind stayed upon the Lord, 370.
Shilitoe Thomas. Address of, to Friends in Great
Britain and Ireland (concluded from vol.
LI.), 1.
Notice of the exercises of, expressed in the Yearly
Meeting of women Friends in Philadelphia of
1829, 215.
Shipton Anna. Narrative by, of the religious experi-
ence and death of the wife' of a thriving tradesman,
209.
Siam. Religious liberty allowed in, 406.
Sin is of one nature all the world over. Remarks of
William Penn on, 263.
Singing. Account of the convincement of an individual
respecting congregational, as an act of worship, 175.
Skating. Notes on the history of, 232.
Slavery. Notice of the award of damages to a colored
woman kidnapped into, 245.
Account of the release from, of James Alford, 275.
Sleeper Moses. Narrativeof a faithful testimony against
war, borne by, 292.
Smells. On the method of fishing for, in Maine, 302.
Snail. Notice of the vitality of a, 294.
Sound. Notice of the motion of air in large rooms
afiecting, 207.
Spectroscope. Notice of the application of, to measur-
ing temperature, 327.
Spider. Instance ot the sagacity of a, 382.
Squirrels. Notes on flying, 206.
Stamps. Notice of poisoning from the dust of revenue,
414.
Statistics of the number of deaths bv yellow fever, in
New York, Philadelphia, &c., 31.
of the economy of prohibiting intoxicating
liquors, 302.
of the consumption of liquors in Great Britain,
340.
of different religious denominations in New
York State, 390.
of the sale of beer in the United States, 406.
Steam navigation of the Atlantic. Account of the earlv,
193. 202.
generator. Notice of an " instantaneous;" 350.
Story Christopher. Testimony of the Monthly Meet-
ing at Carlisle concerning, 173.
Story Thomas. On the views of Friends in reference
to the pecuniary support of ministers, 29.
Anecdote of the calmness in danger, of, 57.
Remarks of, on Divine communications to the
minds of men, 70.
Account by, of bearing before the French, the
testimony against swearing, 71.
Remarkable answer to prayer of, 81.
Accounts by, of religious opportunities in social
gatherings, 170.
Advice of, to depend on the openings of the
Divine Word in searching the Scriptures, 219.
The ministry of women justified from Scripture,
by, 225.
Remarks of, on a silent ministry, 229.
Remarks of, in reference to plainness of dress,
257.
Ob.servations of, upon the conversion of the In-
dians, 2-58.
On the nature of silent meetings among Friends,
268.
On the necessity of believing in and obeying the
inward appearance of Christ, 268.
Strange assertion. Incident entitled. The, 306.
Students. Account of breaking up the practice of haz-
ing at Bowdoin College, 63.
Suicides. Eflfects of publicity in increasing the number
of, in Italy, 207.
Summary of Events, 8. 15. 23. 31. 39. 48. 56. 64. 72. 80.
88. 96. 104. 112. 120. 128. 136. 144. 152. 160. 168. 176.
184. 192. 200. 208. 216. 224. 232. 240. 248. 256. 264.
271. 279. 287. 296. 304. 312. 320. 328. 336. 344. 352.
360. 368. 376. 384. 392. 400. 408. 416:
Sun. The recent total eclipse of the, and the shadow
of totality, as observed from Pike's Peak in
1878, 20.
Account of the total eclipse of the, as seen from
Denver, Colorado, 1878, 121.
Notice of the total eclipse of the, of 1869, 139.
Sunset on Mt. Washington. Description of a marvel-
ous, 62.
Syrian law.suit. Notice of a, 299.
home-life. Account of, 347.
Swearing. Reproof upon, administered by a boy, 140.
Sympathy. Instance of practical, 399.
Testimony of, concerning the early Chris-
On the right use of the, individu-
Tacitus.
tians, 177.
Talent of inl
243.
Tasimeter. Description of Edison's, 76.
Teaching the dumb to speak. Account of the Whipple
Institution for, 133.
Telegraphy. Notice of the invention by T. A. Edison
of an " electric governor" for use in, 76.
Objections to the use of underground wires in,
311.
Telegraphic writing machine. Notice of a, 327.
Telephone. Notice of the use of, in Germany, 327.
Use of, to convev a preacher's discourse to an
invalid, 3.59.
Temperance. Statistics of the economy of, 302.
Incident related by J. B. Gough in a lecture on,
348.
Temptation On resisting, by avoiding it, 69.
Testimony of Frankford Monthly Meeting concerning
Alfred Cope, 28.
of Bradford Monthly Meeting concerning Ebene-
zer Worth, 34.
of the Monthly Meeting at Carlisle, England, con-
cerning Christopher Story, 173.
Testimonies to the way of salvation, 220. 228. 236. 243.
250. 261. 267. 277. 291.
Testimonies of profane writers to the credibility of the
New Testament, from Home's Introduction to the
Holy Scriptures, 162. 169. 177. 18-5. 195. 201.
Theatre. Remarks of Theo. Cuyler on the pollutions
of the, 199.
Incident entitled " Retribution" in reference to
the, 294.
Testimony of the Presbyterian General Assembly
against the, 358.
Threshing. Remarks on, 141.
Thorp John. Remarks of, on the work of the enemy
to discourage, 55.
Observations of, on riches and the blessings of
adversity, 62.
Extracts from, upon bearing trials and afflictions,
148. 186.
Thou. Remarks on the use of the word, in conversa-
tion, 300.
and Thee. Geo. Fox Divinely required to use,
without respect to persons, 319.
Thoughts and feelings. Essays entitled, 130. 141. 146.
156. 163. 174. 181. 190. 196. 203. 210. 218. 227. 235.
243. 249. 2.58. 269.
Thunder storms. Remarks on courage displayed during,
3.58.
Tiger. Account of the cutting of the claws of a, 277.
Time. Observation on the right employment of, 333.
Tobacco. Observations on the injurious effects of, upon
boys, 45.
Remarks on the dangers of the use of, 142.
Notice of dealers iu, declining the sale of, from
a conviction of its injurious effects, 171.
Notice of changes in the blood caused by the use
of, 221.
Notice of the serious diseases produced by, 251.
" Too dear a whistle." Incident entitled, 339.
Tract Repository." Statement and appeal on behalf of
"The, 67.
Trip to Muncy, Pennsylvania. Observations on the
natural scenery, &c., of a, 34. 42. 49.
Truth. Remarks on the power of, 223.
On so living that the, inay prosper in our hands,
247.
Truth-telling. Incident illustrating the reward of,
260.
Turkey. Account of some of the races inhabiting, 323.
Turki.sh superstitions. Account of, 300. 314.
United States. On the forest geography of the, 129. 137.
147. 157. 161. 172. 178.
Ungrateful old woman." E,ssay entitled, "The, 250.
Upsall Nicholas. Notice of the kindness of, to Friends
in Boston in 1056, &c., 333.
Volcano. Notice of the formation of the JoniUo, in
1759, 175.
" Walking matches." Remarks on, 336.
Wain Nicholas. Anecdotes of, -57.
War. Appeal to their fellow citizens issued by London
Yearly Meeting, 1878, 65.
An Indian convinced of the iniquity of, 149.
system of, in Germany a fruitful source of demor-
alization, 158.
Keraarks on the nature of, 183.
Narrative of a faithful testimony borne against,
292.
Remarks on the injustice and expense of the pre-
sent Zulu, 365.
Declaration by Robt. Moflat on the injury done
by, to the spread of Christianity, 390.
not lawful under the Christian dispensalfon, 398.
The career of the successful warrior to be deeply
deplored, 412.
" Watch over the tender lambs." Essay entitled, 354.
Watchfulness. Remarks of Daniel Wheeler on the
necessity ofcontinu.il, 277.
Watch-tower, or the place of safety for the newly con-
vinced." Essay entitled " The, 239.
Water. On the slow o.^idation of sewage matter in,
343.
Weariness of etiquette. Extract entitled, 77.
Webster Daniel. Incident relating to the religious im-
pressions of, 4.
instrumental in protecting the innocent in a law
suit, 11.
Welch John, the peace maker. Notice of the life and
character of, 123.
Wesley John. Remarkable an.swer to prayer of, 81.
Westtown Boarding School. Request for information
of an historical character relating to, 199.
" What is that to thee." Essay entitled, 394.
Wheeler Charles. Account of the closing days of the
life of, 116.
Wheeler Daniel. Remarks of, on his individual spirit-
ual condition, 263.
Remarks of, on the mercy which had followed
him throughout his varied career, 279.
Whipple Home School for Deaf Mutes. Account of
the, 133.
Wight Thomas, of Ireland. Brief account of the life
and dying expressions of, 101.
" Willing to live honestly." Extract entitled, 12.
INDEX.
Widdowfield Gulielma.. Brief notice of religious en-
gagements of, 158.
" Woodrufi' Scientific Expedition." Notice of the pro-
posed, 191.
Woman's influence. The home, the appointed jilace
for, 53.
Work and praj'er. Remarks on the union of, 356.
Workingman. On the increase of the comforts of the,
within two hundred years, 55.
World. Observations on the present spiritual condition
of the, 94.
Worship. On tlie duty of Friends to attend their meet-
ings for, 29.
Remarks on the duty of those assembled in meet-
ings for, 51.
On the benefit to children of attending meetings
for, 110.
On the necessity of inward silence, and waiting
for Divine help for the performance of, 130.
Reason given by an Indian for disapproving of
singing in meetings for, 140.
On the nature and value of silent meetings for,
163.
On the preciousness of true waiting upon the
Lord, 228.
Advice of a person, not a member among Friend*,
to earnest exercise of spirit in meetings for,
261.
Remarks of Thomas Story on the nature of silent
meetings for, among Friends, 267. i
Observations on the costly extravagance of houses
for Divine, 292.
Remarks on the attendance of week-day meet-
ings for, 301.
Remarks on floral decorations in meetings for,
from The Episcopal Recorder, 315.
Extract from M. Routh on selecting an early
hour for the assembling of meetings for, and
discipline, 315.
Advice on preventing sleepiness in meetings for,
358.
The unfaithfulness of others not to be pleaded
for neglecting meetings for, 394.
Adrice of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting in refer-
ence to, 396.
Decoration of places of, disapproved by Epis-
copalians in Virginia, 406.
On the impending dangers from worldliness in
places for, 406. _ •
Worth Ebenezer. Testimony of Bradford Monthly
Meeting concerning, 34.
Extracts from the diary and letters of, with com-
ments, 270. 277. 289. 300. 309. 317. 326. 329.
338. 349. 357. 302. 370. 379. 380. 395. 403. 410.
Yearly Meeting, Canada. Statements relating to the
recent separation in, and comments, 63. 127.
128. 159. 187. 192. 199. 200.
Dublin, 1879. Notice of proceedings of, 376.
Yearly Meeting, Indiana. Notice of the prot;r> -
innovation in, 198.
London, 1878. Appeal to (heir fellow citizo
again,st war, issued by, 65. i
1759. Extract from an Epistle of, 27G. |
1879. Notice of the proceedings of, 367.
Comments on the above, 368.
New^Y'ork, 1879. Notice'of the proceedings c
Ohio, 1878. Notice of the proceedings of, 79.
Philadelphia, 1829. Some account of the, .
women Friends, 215.
On the testimony of, to the light of Christ i
the heart, as opposed to doctrine of " Tt
Beacon" and of Elias Hicks, 261.
1879. Thoughts on the approach of, 269.
1879. Notice of the proceedings of, 294. 30!
1 830. Concern of, respecting the education <
children, 316.
Recently published additional advices of, 37"
381. 387. 396. 405.
Western. Extracts from contributions to "Th
British Friend" on the late separation in, '
13.
and the English deputation. Remarks on thi-
37. 166 '
Epistle of the, (smaller body), issued in 187;]
and comments, 78. i
1878. Noticeof the proceedings of the, (largd
body), 207. ^ '^ ^
Y''ellow fever in Philadelphia in 1793 and 1798. Ex
tracts from letters referring to the, 6. 10. IS
26.52.98.
Testimonial of the citizens of Philadelphia, i;
1794, of their appreciation of the services c
Daniel Offley and others, during the, 197.
Statistics of the mortality bv, in New York
Philadelphia, &c., 31.
Notice of some of the incidents attending tb
visitation of, in Memphis, in 1878, 117.
Comments on the appearance of, in the S. States
Yosemite Valley. Account of remarkable natural ob
jects in and near the, 226.
Youth. Advice of Richard Shackleton respecting the
Sincerity to religious convictions in, commandi
respect, 53.
An appeal to the, 102.
Notice of the exercise of Thos. Shillitoe in refer
ence to the, in Philadelphia, in 1829, 215.
Advice to, to shun unseen dangers, 278.
On the religious responsibilities of the, 290.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, EIGHTH MONTH 17, 1878.
NO. 1.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
'rice, if paiil in advance, S2.00 per annum; if not paid
in advance $2.50; 10 cents extra is ciiarged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Sabacriptiona and Paymonta received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
Iddrcss of Thomas Shillitoe to Friends in Great Britain
and Ireland.
(Concladed from page 410, vol. li.)
" Tlio door ha^ of late been set open much
Kider than was the experience of our first
friends, for the members of our Society to
Issoeiate with tiiose of other religious profos-
ions, in the management of the various io-
titutions for benevolent purposes that are on
oot. Let us be careful, that this does not
sad us to assimilate ourselves to the world.
?he world hated our first Friends, because
hey maintained a faithful protest against its
pirit, its maxims and manners; but in pro-
lortion as we put away from us the weapons
f the Christian's warfare, and join in league
pith the world, a wider door of admittance
nto all companies and all societies will be
pened to us. Thus we have, indeed, occasion
o look well to our steppings and standing;
emenibering, that so far as we join ourselves
0 the world in anj' respect, we shall be con-
leraned with the world. 'If ye were of the
vord,' said our blessed Lord to his immediate
bllowers, 'the world would love its own ; but
lecause ye are not of the world, but I have
;hosen you out of the world, therefore the
vorld hateth you.'
" In order that we may not further forfeit
he confidence of the public, but regain that
hich we may have lost, let me again repeat
he caution, that by others' harms we may take
varning; and by our future conduct give proof
four belief in this incontrovertible truth, that
1 man's life or the true enjoyment of it, con-
isteth not in the abundance of the things
vhich he posses.seth. Let us learn that essen-
ial lesson of contentment with little things
IS to this world, remembering that He, whom
ve profess to take for our leader, declared re-
pecting himself, although Lord of the whole
vorld, ' The foxes have holes and the birds of
he air have nests, but the Son of man hath
lOt where to lay his head,' so void was he of
my earthly inheritance. It was the exhor-
•ation of the prophet to Baruch, the son of
(feriah, ' Seekest thou great things for thy-
.elf? seek them not: for behold I will bring
svil upon all flesh, saith the Lord; but thy
ife will I give unto thee for a prey, in all
>laces whither thou goest.' Whilst then we are
ingaged to circulate more generally, among
nankind at large, publications explanatory of
tur religious principles, and religious tracts,
nay we give proof, in the first place, of their
happy effects upon our minds, for example
will do more than precept, — actions will speak
louder than words ; so shall we each one be-
come a preacher of righteousness, that cannot
fail to reach to the p ire witness in the minds
of others. Thus may bo become as saviours
on Mount Ziou, ' For saviours shall come upon
Mount Zion, to judge the Mount of Esau; an J
the kingdom shall be the Lord's.'
" And let us all retire to our tents ; for if I
am not mistaken, such are the signs of the
times, that they loudly call upon us so to do,
and there closely to keep. The Lord is this
tent, unto which the true Israel of God must
flee to be safe ; and as there is thus an abiding
n him, who is the munition of rocks, should
the potsherds of the earth begin to smite one
against another, such will be preserved from
smiting with them, in word or deed, and es
cape that danger which will more or less fol-
low those vvho are found so meddling; and
that perturbation of mind, that instability of
confidence and want of support, under the
various probations that may, in unerring vvis-
dom, be permitted to overtake, which ever
was, and will be, the case of those who make
flesh their arm.
"I cannot forbear to express a fear, that
there are among us who are not sound in the
faith, as it respects an entire reliance on the
all-superintending care of Divine Goodness,
n times of danger and difficulty, but who are
making flesh their arm; and when at times
their minds are awakened to behold the ap-
proach of danger, as respects national aff.iirs,
are placing their confidence in, what they es-
teem, the wise conduciingof a well-disciplined
army, and a large store of weapons of de-
fence; all which may effect the very destruc-
tion of those who are thus relying upon them,
nstoad of the living God, for preservation.
Such is the great uncertainly of all human
events! It must with reverence be acknow-
edged bj' every serious observer, that the Di-
Mne protection has long been over us as a
nation ; and for the sake of the few righteous
amongst the different professors of the Chris-
tian name, is still, I believe mercifully con-
tinued. But how soon, or how suddenly, this
may be withdrawn from us as a nation, be-
cause of our multiplied transgressions, is alto-
gether unknown to us; but should this once
be permitted, and the chain of the evil power
be loosened for a time, this arm of flesh, which
there is reason to fear man}^ are depending
upon for support in such perilous times, will
become but as tow in the furnace I Happy will
it be in that day, for those who have made
the Lord alone their refuge, and placed their
dependence on that Omnipotent and Omni-
present Being, who will prove in such seasons
a covert from the heat, a shelter from the
storm, and as the shadow of a great rock in a
weary land; a day and time when the minds
of all may be clad with dismay as with a gar-
ment, for fear of what is coming upon this
part of the Lord's foot stool.
"And, Friends, let us not dare to meddle
with political matters, but renewedly seek for
holy help to starve that disposition so preva-
lent in us to be meddling therewith. Endeavor
to keep that ear closed, which will be itching
to hear the news of the day, and what is going
forward ;n the political circles. We shall find
there is safety in so doing ; it is the only way
for us to experience our minds to be preserved
tranquil, amidst all the commotions, all the
turnings and overturnings that may be per-
mitted to take place, when the measure of in-
iquity m ly be filled up. I have found, that if
we suffer our minds to be agitated with politi-
cal matters, our dependence becomes diverted,
by little and little, from the true centre and
place of safety, where perfect peace isexpjri-
enced, though the world and all around us may
speak trouble. Such as have this dependence,
will know it to be a truth fulfilled in their own
individual experience, that ' They that trust
in the Lord shall be as Mount Zion, which
cannot be removed ; but abideth for ever ;' and
that as ' the mountains are round about Jeru-
salem, so the Lord is round about his people
from henceforth even forever.' Now, Friends,
ba willing to take up this cross, for I have
found it to be one of the many crosses I have
had to take up, and avoid reading political
publications, and, as much as possible, news-
papers ; and I am persuaded, if a willingness
is but manifest on our part so to do, sufficient
help will be afforded from time to time, to
withstand this and every other temptation of
the great adversary of our peace. I am well
aware that men in trade, and sometimes those
who are free from its incumbrances, have oc-
casion to resort to those channels of general
information; bat when this is ray case, I find
it safest for me, after I have received informa-
tion on the subject in question, then to put the
paper away from me. I am aware that it re-
quires firmness so to act, there being some-
thing in our nature so anxious to know what
is going forward in the world; but, my friends,
nature must be overcome by grace, which I
never found to be wanting, if rightly sought
after.
" 1 must now conclude, with expressing the
earnest solicitude I feel, that we may each of
us be found willing to unite with that all-suffi-
cient help, which, I believe, yet waits our ac-
ceptance; and suffer it so to operate in and
upon us, that we may become a people wholly
separated in heart and mind, love and affec-
tion, from everything that has a tendency to
dim oui- brightness, to prevent us from being
as lights in the world; and be clothed with
those beautiful garments, which so adorned
our worthy ancestors — humility, self-denial,
and an entire dedication of heart to the work
and service of our God ; a disposition truly
characteristic of the disciples of him, who de-
clared, ' My kingdom is not of this world ;'
and thus may the enemy no longer be permit-
ted to rob and spoil us, but the language go
forth respecting us, ' Happy art thou, O Israel,
THE FRIEND.
who is like unto thoo, O people ; saved by tin
Lord.' Thomas SirrLLiioE.
" Hitchin, 1st of Eleventh moiilb, 1S;20."
For "The Friead.''
Letters from Uiifrequentetl Places.
(Continued from page 410, vol. li.)
DAMASCUS.
Damasfus, the oldest city in the world, is a
curious old place. Had I not been in Cairo,
and become acquainted all along with these
oriental mixtures of people and their peculiar
manners and customs, it would have produced
a strange sensation.
I often wish I could just pick up some of
you home-folk, and set you down in the mid-
dle of these scenes. It would not do unless I
could put my arms round you, and had our
big Diabus hovering over all, for it would
frighten you so; but there is nothing like get-
ting used to a thing! The surroundings of
Damascus are the most interesting to me.
Wish I could show you some views wo had
this morning from a tall minaret, of the famous
old mosque of St. John the Baptist. The mud
colored city spread widely beneath us, we
looked down on countless domes and round
tops, for almost every house has a large in-
verted bowl on top of it — not so bad here as
at Jerusalem — I thought there, that not only
every house, but nearly every upper room
had its inverted cover. "The street called
Straight" wc could trace by its sharp, trian-
gular cover, put on to keep out the sun. Be-
yond the city are miles and miles of rich cul-
tivation, trees and gardens, with suburban
villages nestling among the luxuriant vegeta-
tion. The Abana and the Pharpar rivers
water the immense plain, and nourish all the
wilderness of verdure, fruits and flowers. The
Abana (Barada it is called here) flows into and
through the city ; every house seems to have
its fountain, and the cool, refreshing sound of
trickling water is heard on every side ; large
streams, too, rushing in many courses with
force enough to keep every thing clean, but
they do not! My guide book gives so much
belter descriptions than I can, that I will trj'
to copy it: "The fame of Damascus begins
with the earliest patriarchs, and continues to
modern times. While other cities of the East
have risen and decayed, Damascus is still what
it was. It was founded before Balbeck and
Palmyra, and it has outlived them both.
While Babylon is a heap in the desert, and
Tyre a ruin on the shore, it remains what it
is called in the prophecies of Isaiah, ' the
head of Syria.' It is evident, to use the
words of Lamartine, that, 'like Constantino-
ple it was a predestinated capital.' Nor is
it difficult to explain why its freshness has
never faded through all its series of vicissi-
tudes and wars. Among the rocks and brush-
wood at the base of Anti-Libanus are the
fountains of a copious and perennial stream,
which, after running a course of no great dis-
tance to the south-cast, loses itself in a desert
lake. But, before it reaches this dreary bound-
ary, it has distributed its channels over the
intermediate space and loft a wide area behind
it, rich with prolific vegetation ; these are the
'streams from Lebanon,' and the 'rivers of
Damascus' which Naaman ))referred to all the
'waters of Israel.' And this stream is the
inestimable treasure of Damascus. The habi-
tations of men must have been always gath-
ered about it, as the Nile has inevitably
attracted an immemorial population to its
banks." "Damascus remains the true type
of an oriental city. Caravans come and go
from Bagdad and Mecca as of old ; merchants
sit and smoke over their costly bales in dim
bazaars, drowsy groups sip their coffee in
kiosks overhanging the river; and all the
picturesque costumes of the East mingle in
the streets. The first view of the town from
one of the over-leaning ridges, seems like the
vision of the earthly Paradise. Marble mina-
rets, domes glittering with the crescent, mas-
sive towers and terraces of level roofs rise out
of the sea of foliage, the white buildings shin-
ing with ivory softne-^s through the broad,
dark clumps of verdure, which, miles in
breadth, and leagues in circuit, girdle the city
— making it, as the people love to say, 'a
pearl set in emerald.' It is a wilderness of
bloom and fragrance and fruitage, where olive
and pomegranate, orange and apricot, plum
and walnut mingle their varied tints of green
—a maze of flowering and scented thickets,
pierced with wild woodland glades that are
sweet with roses and jasmine blossoms, and
alive with springs and rivulets. And close up
to the forest edge comes the yellow desert,
and around it are the bare mountains, with
the snowy crest of Hermon, standing like a
sentinel with shining helmet, on the west —
the tower of Lebanon that looketh towards
Damascus.'
The population of Damascus has been vari-
ously estimated ; in round numbers it may bo
taken at about 150,000, of whom about 100,-
000 are Muslims and 6,000 Jews — others to
fill up. The bazaars are in long avenues,
roofed over ; not a mere jumble of miscellane-
ous shops, but each bazaar devoted to some
especial trade or manufacture. There is the
saddler's bazaar, where the gay but uncom-
fortable Syrian saddles may be seen, in all
varieties. The silk bazaar, where western
travellers generally linger to inspect the gor-
geous robes of Damascene work, and to pur-
chase at least one of those gay head-dresses
seen so often in Palestine. Then there are
the Greek bazaar, the tobacco bazaar, the per-
fume, the coppersmith's, the boot and shoe,
booksellers' and so on, bazaars for every
branch of trade and manufacture, where the
traveller may purchase anything he requires
"from a shoe-string to a camel." "On the
market day, the crowds are enormous, and
then the ' Eye of the East' sees, and is to
be seen to the best advantage. Then, as in
fact, on other days, there will be seen Persians
in gorgeous silks, Nubians in black and white,
Greeks in national costume, Jews with ring-
lets, and without, Bedouins of the desert, pil-
grims en route to Mecca, a marvellous medley.
'The hubbub is generally terrific. Now way
must be made for some grandee, now a string
of camels drives the crowd into a mas.s, or a
party of midshipmen, just arrived from Bey-
outh, rushes through the bazaars on fleet
donkeys, scattering sherbert stalls as they
pass. And in the midst of all this, the richly
obed merchants sit on the sills of their shops,
smoking their tchibouks, and sipping their
coffee, with the most consummate indifl'er-
enco."
In addition to the bazaars are the khans,
where the wholesale trade is carried on.
They are, for the most part, owned by mer-
chants of immense woaltli, and the carpets of
'ersia, the muslins of India, the prints of Man -
hester, Ac, form the stock in trade. The
trect vendors go about in legions — lemonade.
raisin water, liquorice water, fruits, nuts, it
fact everything that can be hawked about i
sold in the streets. The bread boj' cries, " 01
Allah ! who sustaineth us, send trade!" Th
drink seller cries, " Oh cheer thine heart," a
he rattles his copper cups in his hand, and S(
on.
We are going now to mount donkeys an(
ride to the top of the mount from whene
Mahomet looked down upon Damascus whei
he was but a camel driver from Mecca. Gaz
ing upon the beautiful scene he said, "Mai
can have but one Paradise, and my Paradisi
is fixed above," and turned away without en
tering the city. I can but admire his self
control in resisting such a temptation, for h'
would not feel the contrast of the dirty city
to the fulness of beauty without, as we do
A modern writer says : " Damascus is beauti
ful from the mountain," and " If I were to gc
to Dama^^cus again, I would camp on Ma
hornet's hill about a week, and then go away!'
I might do so too, having seen the inside ol
the city, but unless it were necessary to re-
main in my tent, would prefer the real com-
fort of the Demetri Hotel, the most decidedly
oriental hotel we have been in — modern com
forts mingled with eastern luxuries, and mak
ing a very enjoyable whole, so very, very grate-
ful to the weary traveller.
We have been shown the place of St. Paul'f
conversion, and where he was let down at
night over the wall. Have visited the houses
of Ananias and of Naaman, and the old mosque
supposed to be the Temple of Himmou where
Naaman deposited his "two mules burden ol
earth," and reared his own altar (2d Kings v
17), the same which king Ahaz saw and hac
copied in Jerusalem (^2d Kings xvi. 10 — 12.
We have also traversed the "street callec
Straight," a mile in length, and now we must
go.
Beyrouth, -ith mo. 15//i, 1S7S. — You woulc
not envy me if you could feel as tired an(
worn out as I do ! I am almost astonished t(
be alive after twenty days on horseback I anc
now the reaction from constant pressing or
is nearly as bad as the fatigue. To-morrow
we expect to go on board a French steamei
for Constantinople, and arc promising our
selves ten days of delicious rest, yes rest.
M3' brother has gone up Mt.Lebanon to visi
a school in which New England Yearly Meet
ing is interested through Eli Jones. I wantec
to go, had looked forward to that as one o
the things to do here, but tired nature forbids
It is a three hour's ride on horseback, and E
will stay the night, and return early to-mor
row morning. In the meantime I am goin|
to drive about the city, and see something o
it, thinking it will be a luxury to sit in a car
riago onco more. Bej'routh is very beautiful
and more civilized than anj^ place we hav<
seen in Asia. The onlj- road in Syria is froir
here to Damascus, and that is perfect as Ma
cadamizcd road can be — a diligence runs t<
and fro daily.
(To be conliDoed.)
THE FRIEND.
For "The Friond."
To THE Editors: — Having just received
from a friend, the 7th month number of The
(^London) ''Friend," containing a critique on
two or three paragraphs in the fore part of
"An Esamen" of parts of the recent work of
E. Barclay, on the "Inner Life of the Religious
Societies of the Commonwealth," I wish to
offer a few remarks thereon, as it may come
under the eye of some of the readers of " The
Friend."
The critic supposes he has discovered a
"fundamental error" in the paragraphs on
which he comments, and which in his judg-
ment " deprives the examen of value :" he
therefore takes no notice of any other portions
of the work.
To do him entire justice, I will ask space
enough to give the greater portion of the
article. After quoting from the Examen the
opinion expressed, that an author not believ-
ing in the immediate revelations of the Holy
Spirit to the mind of man, as Friends have
Bver held the doctrine, is incapable of " fathom
ing what Friends believe to be the ' inner life'
and motive power that actuated the founders
and consistent members of the Society," the
quotation proceeds: " That this serious defect
Bxisted in the author of 'The Inner Life,' is
made manifest in the early pages of the work,
and shows its effects in various parts of it.
He says: 'If a Chrislian voluntarily forsakes
the appointed channels of divine grace and help,
which are described in the New Testament
as only in connection loith a Christian society,
will he remain a member of Christ's mystical
body?' (p. 4.) And again, 'True it is that
the body without the Spirit is dead ; but it is
equally true that the Spirit without the body
cannot effect its desires and aims' (p. 6.)
"The assertion that the appointed channels
of divine grace and help exist only in connec-
tion with a Christian society, and that it is
80 described in the New Testament, contra-
venes one of the fundamental principles of
Friends, who have ever believed that Christ,
the true light, 'lighteth every man thatcometh
into the world ;' and the declaration of the
Apostle that ' The grace of God that bringeth
salvation hath appeared to all men.' True,
the Church of Christ, the body of sanctified
believers of which He is the glorified head, is
a society — if such it may be called — through
which He works for the fulfilment of His re-
deeming purposes, and through its organism
His Holy Spirit ministers to the stability, com-
fort, and fellowship of the individual mem-
bers. But to say that the omniscient, omnipo
tent Jehovah, ' Who will have all men to
be saved, and to come unto a knowledge of
the truth,' cannot effect His ' designs and
aims' without the instrumentality of a visible
Church, is presiimptuously to limit the Holy
One of Israel, and to cut off from any hope of
salvation millions of those whom He has
created for the purpose of His own glory, an
for whom His only begotten Son suffered and
died."
Then comes the criticism.
"Now what was it that Robert Barclay
really did say ? The paragraph from which
Dr. Evans has detached the sentences quoted
is as follows, "A Christian may be really
united to the Church universal in a desert or
a prison, but who will venture to say that,
because Christ there supplies all his need
without human means, religious isolation is
Christ's ordinary method of doing this ? If a
Christian voluntarily forsakes the appointed
channels of divine grace and help, which are
described in the New Testament as only ex-
isting in connection with a Christian society,
will he remain a member of Christ's mystical
body? Who will venture to say that a Chris-
tian is performing all his duties, as described
n the New Testament, if he does not seek the
communion of the saints, if the establishment
and comfort of the church members is a mat-
tor of indifference to him, and if he does not
do his part, however small, in assisting in the
propagation of the Gospel?" {Religious Side-
ties of Commonwealth, p. 4.)
" The gi-eat leading principle expressed in
the New Testament is that the Church is
His body.' All the members of the Church
nave some office. True it is that ' the body
without the Spirit is dead,' but it is equally
true that the Spirit without the body cannot
effect its desires and aims. We are ' workers
together with God,' and when we refuse to be
so we frustrate those loving purposes which
God has towards our race — purposes which
He designs to accomplish by human instru-
mentality. The elaborate machinery of a
steam-engine is useless without the motive-
power, but without this machinery the steam
will not accomplish the object which is de-
signed" (p. 6.)
' Robert Barclay's position is so clearly true
i Scriptural that some ingenuity is needed
to misconstrue or pervert its meaning. R. B.
ays in plain words that association with an
outward Church is not necessary to spiritual
life, but that it is the ordinary and the ap-
pointed moans through which it is fed and
maintained. Is not this the fact? R. B. does
not say, and wo are assured he never thought,
that the millions outside the Church's pale
were cut off from the hope of salvation. Dr.
Evans saj-s Robert Barclay's book is vitiated
by a radical error at its outset. This assumed
radical error is Dr. Evans' own creation. Such
a fundamental misconception of the views
of the author he is criticising deprives Dr.
Evans's examen of value. To understand and
fairly to represent the opinions of an oppo-
nent is the first requisite of a critic. That
requisite Dr. Evans does not possess."
The parts of the paragraphs from whicl:
the expressions controverted are " detached,'
do not change the meaning of the assertions
made, and were not calling for other remarks
than those setting forth the position occupied
by the Church, and the high privileges
confers on its members. But the sentences
'•detached" are the salient points of those
paragraphs, being the bold and unqualified
assertions that the Scriptures describe " the
appointed channels of divine grace and help
to be only in connection with a Christian so-
ciety ;" and that the Spirit ivithout the body-
thai is "a Christian society" — cannot effect its
desires and aims." It would have been well if
the critic, who pronounces this position to be
"true and scriptural," had given at least one
text that holds out such an idea. What is
said of a Christian being united to the church
universal though "in a desertor a prison," and
that there Christ supplies all his needs with-
out human means ; or that a Christian is not
"performing all his duties" if he "does not
seek the communion of the saints," no more
removes or mitigates the " radical error" in
the two detached sentences, than does the
critic's assumption that what he calls my
" fundamental misconception of the views
of the author" deprives the " Examen of
value."
He remarks, that " R. Barclay sa5'9 in
plain ivords that association with an outward
hurch is not necessary to spiritual life, but
that it is the ordinary and the appointed
through which it is fed and main-
tained :" and then asks, " Is not this the fact?
It is not, even in this modified presentation
of R. B.'s teaching. What he does say is,
' The appointed channels of divine grace and
help are described in the New Testament as
only (not ordinarily) in connection with a
Christian society." Were this true, even the
Christian in a desert or prison would run the
risk of being deprived of divine grace and
help, (on which depends spiritual life) inas-
much as he might thus be cut oft' from the only
channels for conveying them. But every one
who is grafted into Christ draws his "spiritual
life" immediately from Him the living Vine,
without the intervention of any christian so-
ciety or other human organization. The
benefits conferred by and through the church
are inestimable, but it is its glorified Head
alone that can break man off from his natural
and fallen nature, graft him into himself, and
nourish the spiritual life He has created.
If R. Barclay does not say, nor as this critic
" is assured" "never thought'' that " the mil-
lions outside the Christian pale were cut off
from the hope of salvation," it was because
his own belief did not correspond with tho
theory he inculcated, that " the Spirit without
the body — an outward church — cannot effect
its desires and aims." "The wind bloweth
where it listeth and thou hearest the sound
thereof but canst not tell whence it cometh
and whither it goeth, even bo is every one
that is born of the Spirit."
Charles Evans.
8th month, 1878.
A chamois case has just been decided in
Switzerland. Two men of Dresbach in the can-
ton of Gloris, caught in 1876, a young chamois,
aged six months or thereabouts, on tho Braun-
wald, took it home- and made a pen for it.
Unhappily a gendarme heard of this, and laid
an information, and, the capture of a young
chamois being iaterdicted, had thetwohunters
fined 10 francs. Now arose the question what
to do with the chamois. Tho local court could
find no precedent, neither any law, concern-
ing the animal, and referred the matter to the
Federal authorities, who ordered thatit should
be set at liberty. His sorrowful masters
opened the pen, and the chamois wouldn't go
.out. Depositions to this eftect were duly
drawn up and witnessed, and forwarded to
Berne, where the Federal Council decided
that a gendarme should remove the coatuma-
cious chamois, and turn him loose in a moun-
tain district, where he would be under the
protection of a game law. The official lug-
ged the animal away to the appointed spot
and set him at liberty, and the chamois at
once turned round and sped for home, till he
had once more reached his beloved prison.
The gendarme returned and reported, and
before the Federal Council could decide what
to do next the animal grew out of his mi-
nority, and thus placed himself beyond its
jurisdiction. Herr Wunderlisch, of Zurich,
has bought him for 350 francs and has given
him free range of his park. — Late Paper.
Watch ye, stand fast in the faith.
THE FRIEND.
For " The Friend."
Reparation in the Western Yearly Meeting.
The British Friend for the 7th month con
tains five articles referring to the separation
in Wtstern Yearly Meeting. This indicates
an unusual awakening of attention to this
subject.
The first in order in its columns is from
"William Ball, who alludes to the probable
course of the delegates sent to this country
by London Yearly Meeting.
The editor of the paper next prints his own
view, on an important question, which he first
propounds :
" When two bodies come forward, each
claiming to be a particular Yearly Meeting,
of which there can only be one, what substanti-
ates the right of either to the name and
standing of that meeting? A ri»ht conclu-
sion on this point would greatly help in any
future emergency. It seemed to claim little
thought in our late Yearly Meeting, and is but
slightly adverted to by our correspondents.
We would, therefore, with becoming diffi-
dence, submit that the sole claim of either
body to the title assumed must ever rest on a
strict adherence to the original religious pro-
fession of the Society of Friends, with a prac-
tice in conformity; and by no means exclu-
sively or chiefly in consideration of certain
Friends being officials — the clerk and corre-
spondents— or contingent on the number of
members in either constituency. In the event
of either party in these cases emitting no de-
claration of their adhesion to the original
faith of Friends, let this point be ascertained,
and then make election which epistle and
party to accept. Decisions being known to
be thus ruled, we are strongly inclined to be-
lieve that an effectual checii would be placed
upon divisions, attended, as they are, with
such unhappy results and seldom entirely
overcome."
In a supplementary account of Dublin
Yearly Meeting, attention was called to the
fact, that when the case of the Ohio separa-
tion came before it years ago, the Epistle that
was read was not that which bore the signa-
ture of the former clerk.
Richard Hall addresses the following letter
to the Editor, which contains some senti-
ments worthy of careful consideration.
" Dear Friend, — In thy report of the pro-
ceedings of our late Yearly Meeting in refer-
ence to its correspondence with Western Year-
ly Meeting, the view held forth and acted
upon as to what constitutes the claim to the
title and rights of a Yearly Meeting to a cor-
respondence with other coordinate bodies
appears open to objection, inasmuch as the
faithfulness or otherwise of a body so consti-
tuted to those principles professedly held by
it is not taken into account. If a Yearly
Meeting abandons such principles, fails to
vindicate these in practice, and to encourage
and assist its individual members in a course
of action agreeable therewith, does it not for-
feit its claim to the character it professes to
hold, and not only loses its right of support
from such of its members as continue to ad-
hero to the truth, as held by Friends, but its
claim also to the sympathy and Christian
communion of other Yearly Meetings?
As one illustration of this in the present
instance: Although divisions and secessions
are deservedly and properly disapproved as
an undesirable method of relief from suffer
ing, yet when the conducting of Meetings for
Worship is no longer left to Him who has
pomised to he in the midst of those gathered
in His name, who alone affords the power to
perform acceptable worship 'in spirit and in
truth,' and practices are adopted which pre-
clude the quiet and solemnity requisite for
that thorough avoidance of mere creaturely
impulses, what course are those to adopt, we
may reasonably inquire, whose hopes of spirit-
ual benefit and the performance of a Chris-
tian duty are thus persistently frustrated ;
and what advantage is likely to result from
further communion in such a mixture?
One Friend, I observe, claims the title of
'a Meeting for Worship' for one which he
says ' he conducts,' as an illustration of allow-
ing the free exercise of the gifts of the Holy
Spirit. The 'conductor' of a Friends' Meet-
ing for Worship is, I apprehend, an official
never before recognized in our economy — the
true and living Head of the Church Himself,
through the working of His divine power,
being the moving and directing authority
owned amongst us, whether operatii
mediately in the hearts of those assembled,
or by qualifying and going before His ap
pointed and delegated instruments. It ii
under this power alone that the trae liberty
as well as restraints are felt and enjoyed ; and
is it not the lack of reverent dependence on
divine power, and sometimes the introduction
of creaturely interference, that is the real
cause of what we deplore — viz., the want of
a lively, refreshing, spiritual influence in our
meeting together for the solemn purpose of
worship?
Is it not a sound view to take — that the
legitimate right to the privileges of member-
ship in the Society of Friends consists in our
adhesion to its professed principles, and a life
and conversation agreeing therto; and none
the less so in reference to a constituent body
or meeting in the exercise of its functions and
duties?
In the absence of anything to the contrary,
I suppose we are to conclude that the state
ment in thy former number of The British
Friend, from the seceders, and signed by their
clerk, is a candid and truthful one. From
this it appears that the only means of resto-
ration to true unity and harmony consists iti
a return to and continuance in first principles,
by discarding everything at variance there-
with."
(To be coDclnded.)
For "The Friend."
incidents and Refleftions.— No. 12.
So transcendently important are the eternal
interests of man in comparison with those
which relate to his present existence onlj',
that no degree of success in business or poll
tics, or any other pursuit, can prevent our
looking on a life as aught else than a failure,
where the heart of the individual has not been
brought to submit to the visitations of Divine
Grace, and enabled through repentance and
faith to know the forgiveness of sin, and the
cleansing operations of the Spirit of God.
It is peculiarly pleasant, in reading the
lives of those who have filled conspicuous
positions in the world, to find evidences that
they have experienced the visitations of Di-
vine Grace, and been at times engaged to
labor in the vineyards of their own hearts,
while they have been engaged in the pressing
duties of their stations.
Peter Harvey, in his affectionate tribute to
the memory of his long-loved friend, Daniel
Webster, has mentioned several incident?
which show that that distinguished state;-
man was not insensible to religious impres
sions.
On one occasion Daniel Webster met
party of his friends at dinner at the Asto
Hotel, New York. This was while he wa
Secretary of State in President Fillmore'i
Cabinet.
There were twenty or so at the table
Daniel seemed wearied by his journey, anc
speaking but little, if at all, plunged into i
darksome sort of reverie, not well calculatec
to enliven his friends. This at lent(th became
so apparent, and the situation of all so un
pleasant, that one of the company urged upor
a distinguished man present, a warm frienc
of Daniel Webster, to get him into conversa
tion. It was thought he only need to be
jogged, to become as lively as they wishe '
This friend consented, and asked him some
question, that in ordinary circumstances and
with ordinary men would have led to conver-
sation ; but it failed in the present case. The
dark Secretary of State merely raised his
head and answered simply, and crept into hie
cave again.
Again his friend, frightened by his failure,
was urged to renew the attempt to draw him
out. He summoned courage, and said :
"Mr. Webster, I want you to tell me what
was the most important thought that evei
occupied your mind."
Webster slowly passed his hand over his
forehead, and in a low tone said to a friend
near him : —
" Is there any one here who does not know
mo?
"No sir, they all know you — are all your
friends."
Then he looked over the table, and (sayi
the narrator of the incident) you may well
imagine how the tones of his voice would
sound upon such an occasion, giving answer
to such a question.
"The most important thought that ever
occupied my mind," said he, "was that of
my individual responsibility to God!" — upon
which, for twenty minutes he spoke to them,
and when he had finished he rose from the
table and retired to his room. The rest of
the compan}-, without a word, went into am
adjoining parlor, and when they had gatheredj
there some of them -exclaimed, "Who eve
heard anything like that?"
Profound and argumentative as was the
cast of Webster's mind, when attending
ligious services, he altogether preferred such
preaching as appealed to the conscience of
the hearer, and avoided topics of eontroversj-.
After listening to an elaborate discourse on
tho Revolutionary movements in Europe
1848, he said to his family, "Tho pulpit is not
the proper place for such speculations. I do
not go to church to learn historj', but to bo
eminded of duty."
He onco attended a place of religious wor-
ship in a quiet country village, where asim])lo-
hearted old man rose, and after repeating a
text, said with much simplicity and earnc-^t-
ness, " My friends, wo can dio but once," then
he paused.
Frigid and weak as these words might
seem at first," said Webster, " they were to
me among the most impressive and awaken-
ing I over heard. I never felt so sensibly
that I must die at all, as when that dev(
old man told me, I could "die hut once!"
THE FRIEND.
For "The Friend."
THE DESERTED MEETING HOUSE.
This skelcb refers to Upper Springfield Meeting
ouse, Burlington county, N. J., and was written by a
!rson who when young belonged to and attended that
eeting. It was printed more than ten years ago in a
dly newspaper ; but does not appear to have been much
ulated. it was only a few days since that we met
ith it, and being much struck by its sweet pastoral
?auty and tender pathos, offer it for publication in
The Friend." We are unwilling that a picture
:etched by so fine and true a hand, should be passed
r and forgotten.
low few the years that youth and age divide,
And yet of startling change how sadly rife!"
bus o'er a blighted shrine, a pilgrim sighed.
Where crowds had worshipped in his spring of life.
he ancient fane in Druid loneness stood,
Just as of yore on gently rising ground,
^ithin the precincts of a sheltering wood
Whose leafy limbs seemed still to clasp it round.
orlorn it looked along the public way ;
No wall begirt it, no protector nigh ;
roofless sheds, fast tumbling to decay.
Matched well the tottering grave-yard fence hard by.
he approaching paths where busy feet once trod.
Uncalled by tolling bell at meeting-tide,
ill faintly ran beside the grass-grown road
Whence country grandeur came in sabbath pride.
r none molested, visited by few,
iWith unresisting doors and crumbling wall,
he sacred awe its ancient memories threw.
Alone remained to shield it in its fall.
et still the oaks their wealth of leaves renewed,
Where "early comers" once within their shade
Hlh studied courtesy and voice subdued.
Their stores of knowledge modestly displayed.
he interest grew with each accession there.
Till entering, passed the Christian fathers by,
'ith looks ecstatic as of coming prayer,
About to plead for mercies from on high.
hen, half reluctant, though by duty led.
The young in whispering converse, neared the door;
nd soon each one stole in on tiptoe tread,
Afraid to wake an echo from the floor.
either hand the dais-like galleries rise ;
There were the elders of each se.x arrayed,
rith serious mien but keen observant eyes.
The youth surveying and by them surveyed.
0 vocal hymns, no organ, pealing loud,
No bustling verger, no robed priests were there,
o separate altar veiled in incense cloud —
But all, as equals joined in silent prayer.
. solemn hush o'er all the assembly stole ;
Each scanned the past and sought as guiding light,
'he still small voice, that Mentor of the soul,
By great Elijah heard, on Horeb's height.
Tot that the stringent rules the old had made
Could always curb the errant thoughts of youth,
ir those of other sects, who came and prayed
With men they honored as the types of truth.
ft must youth break the forms the old obey ;
Slight causes there might serious thoughts restrain,
s bright eyes glancing o'er the passage way.
Or prisoned insects whirring gainst the pane.
bon fled such lightness when the speaker rose,
'. Whose touching eloquence could quickly bring
,.11 hearts to sorrow o'er the Saviour's woes,
Or plead self-humbled with Judea's King.
he meeting closed, with mutual greetings shared,
The stately seniors, then emerging slow,
'aused oft to question how the absent fared,
And on the sick their sympathies bestow.
fot so the young, elastic as a spring
From strong constraint released, rebounds the more —
'hey gaily chat, or boldly venturing.
Accost the gentle maidens at the door.
o 'twas in old and better times : Alas !
That troublous themes bewildering earnest men,
ihould through that realm of peace resistless pass,
And break the bonds of brotherhood in twain.
Ah ! happy days, thus sadly brought to mind,
Ah ! hapless house whose worshippers are fled,
Or of their jarring creeds oblivious, find
A quiet meeting place among the dead.
For where are they, those seniors of old time?
Where — he of grave fourscore, the first in place,
Whose froward youth in wildness spent, not crime.
Had ploughed deep furrows on his rugged face?
And he whose lofty faith, and sombre mind*
Awed all the weak and oft repressed the bold.
Severely jusf, yet generously kind.
An ancient C'ato, in a Christian mould ?
And he, of massive form, and bearded face,
Who like old Chronos, in grey marble wrought,
Sat, grim and still, in one unvaried place.
Yet revelled in fantastic fields of thought?
With many a sweet yet painful thought revives.
Whose loving hearts, in their parental sphere.
Poured floods of happiness on younger lives ?
Yes, where are they ? Where, too, their brethren now ?
Those plain exemplars of unconscious worth ?
Move— scarce a bow-shot forth — and humbly bow,
For there they slumber in one common earth.
Few lettered stones, no mouldering vaults are there —
Round kindred groups of graves the pathways run —
No monumental marbles chill the air
Or check the radiant glories of the sun.
Hearts, that ache most, grieve least to outward show.
And for the loved and lost, too deeply mourn,
To rear such pageant mimicries of woe.
As broken shaft, inverted torch or urn.
There round each grave the sunbeams freely play.
The zephyrs softly wave its tufts of green.
And save tlie coy wood-robin's plaintive lay.
No sound disturbs the silence of the scene.
An hundred years had Death his harvest there.
Of those whose fame yet sanctifies his ground,
For gravesmen with hereditary care.
Keep fresh the story of each cherished mound.
Seek ye their monuments? look the country o'er,
Ancl know that all men called them wise and just;
Learn how in reverence held, the names they bore.
In new lives spring, like blossoms from the dust.
* William Newbold. This valuable and exem-
plary Friend departed this life on the 17th of the 8th
month, 1828, in the 62d year of his age. From the
obituary notice published in "The Friend," vol. I., p.
360, we take the following : " He was an exemplary
member and elder in the Society of Friends, and having
been experimentally convinced of the truth of the doc-
trines of the Christian religion, and practically ac-
quainted with their happy effects on the human mind ;
he cherished to the close of life a sincere and humble
belief in them ; endeavoring to regulate his conduct by
those pure and self-denying precepts which the gospel
inculcates. When a spirit of unbelief in some of these
doctrines began to make its insidious approaches under
the specious profession of more enlightened views, and
greater spirituality, he was prompt to detect and stead-
fast in opposing it. With many of those who were un-
happily beguiled by it, he labored with the most
affectionate tenderness to convince them of their errors;
and as its inroads became more alarming, and its dis-
organizing effects more conspicuously apparent, he stood
with calm intrepidity against its assaults, and fearlessly
raised his voice and exerted his talents in defence of
the gospel of his crucified Lord and Master. Neither
the smoothness of flattery, the empty promise of popular
applause, nor yet the envenomed shafts of calumny and
reproach, could move him from the integrity of his
faith, or the integrity of his purpose. He knew in
whom he had believed, and rather than deny Him be-
fore men, or reject the precious truths of Holy Scrip-
ture, the divinity, mediation, or the propitiatory sacri-
fice of the Lord Jesus, he was prepared to sacrifice the
friendships and honors of this inconstant world, and to
accept the despised portion of a humble disciple of the
Lamb of God. To the service of the Society of Friends
he cheerfully devoted a large share of his time and
talents, laboring with fidelity and industry to promote
its prosperity, and to resist the torrent of libertinism
which for a time seemed to threaten destruction."
What broad domains they tilled when strong and
young —
What kindness showed to those of humbler state —
What maxims left couched in their dulcet tongue.
With fond remembrance many still relate.
See these poor graves! revered by all around
No mirth profanes, no reveller comes this way:
With bated breath each pilgrim treads the ground,
And sorrowing, views the ancient shrine's decay.
Deem we not well, such memories of the dead.
May stone outweigh in tributary worth.
And o'er their slumbers holier ha'los spread.
Than towering pyramids or piles of earth ?
Evolution, or the theory of the natural dcvclopnient
of forms of organic life from loAver or anterior
forms or types.
From a work entitled " Present Conflict of Science
with the Christian Religion," by Herbert W.
Morris, A. M.
(CoDtinaed from page 411, vol. !i.)
" No theory could easily be imagined more
fundamentally adverse to Christianity than
that of development as presented by Charles
Darwin ; its direct and undisguisable bearing
is to sap and remove the very foundation upon
which it rests. Man's original righteousness,
his fall into sin and condemnation, and his re-
demption by tlie death of Christ— these throe
are the fundamental doctrines of the Chris-
tian religion. But this theory does away
with all these. By ascribing the origin of
man to a hairy brute, it denies his primitive
righteousness ; by denj'ing his original righte-
ousness, it denies his fall ; by denying his fall, '
it denies his redemption therefrom by the
death of Christ. It denies that primitive
man had an^^ knowledge of or belief in 'a
God hating sin and loving righteousness.' It
is evident, then, that under the garb of De-
velopment we discover an insidious but dead-
ly foe to our holy religion, that hopes, by
thus gnawing at its roots, to see its whole
fair form wither away from the earth.
This theory, moreover, denies to man an
immortal spirit, and blots out all his hope of
future existence. If, as this hypothesis as-
serts, there has descended from the monkey a
series of advancing and improving creatures,
each succeeding one less ape-like and more
human-like, until at length they developed
into man ; it follows that man's mind has
been derived from the monkey mind, just as
his body has been derived from the monkey
body — the two animals, man and the monkey,
are in their nature identical ; there is, there
can be, no essential difference. This Darwin
openly avows, and persistently attempts to
prove. Man, according to his doctrine, is
merely a more perfectly developed animal.
Hence we are landed in this dilemma — wo
must either hold that all monkeys have, like
men, immortal souls; or, that all men, like
monkeys, are soul-less and doomed to eternal
tinction — conclusions alike repugnant to
igion and to common sense.
The representation that man has descended
from ' a hairy quadruped' is not less degrading
'ts influence than it is repulsive in its as-
pect and profane in its spirit. This attempt -
give man a brutish origin, not only lowers
him in the scale of being, but in his own
estimation, and tends inevitably to injure
and degrade his character. Let our children
once be brought to believe that they are but
brothers and sisters to the apes, instead of
being the offspring of God, and that their
forefathers were but beasts in the forests, and
t will take away from them the most power-
THE FRIEND.
ful of motives to act a rational, worthy and humanity are found to be, are taught, aa they
noble part on the great stage of human life
This materialistic doctrine, we have suffi-
cient reasons to believe, is already beginning
to produce its direful but legitimate fruits.
Denying, as it does, all real distinction be-
tween man and beast, between the spirit of
the brute that goeth downward and the spirit
of man that goeth upward, and thus banish-
ing from the mind and heart all sense of ac-
countability— who but must see that its direct
and certain tendency is to take away the fear
of God from before the eyes of men, to break
down all the restraints arising from an appre-
hension of His righteous judgment, and to
extinguish all hope, all desire of His approba-
tion and reward in a future state ? Those
teachers who would make man believe that
he is a brute in his origin, take the most ef
fectual course to make him a brute in his
character; and they are, we doubt not, in no
trivial measure accountable for the reckless
disregard and violation of law, human and
divine — the low estimate set on human rights
and human life, and the frequent dark and
shocking crimes — that have so marked the
past fevv years.
Of all this it will be sufficient proof to
quote a single paragraph from Darwin's work.
Speaking of Natural Selection as affecting
civilized nations, he says: 'With savages the
■weak in body or mind are soon eliminated {i.
e., are killed off), and those that survive com-
monly exhibit a vigorous state of health. We
civilized men, on the other hand, do our
utmost to check the process of elimination ;
•we build asylums for the imbecile, the maimed
and the sick; we institute poor-laws, and our
medical men exert their utmost skill to save
the life of every one to the last moment. There
is reason to believe that vaccination has pre-
served thousands, who from a weak constitu-
tion would formerly have succumbed to small-
pox. Thus the weak members of civilized
societies propagate their kind. No one who
has attended to the breeding of domestic ani-
mals will doubt that this must be highly in-
jurious to the race of man. It is surprising
how soon a want of care, or care wrongly di
rected, leads to the degeneration of a domestic
race; but excepting in the case of man hin
self, hardly any one is so ignorant as to alio
his worst animals to breed.'* Thus plainly
are we given to understand, that in building
asylums for the imbecile, the maimed, the
sick; instituting poor-laws; administer
vaccination — endeavoring thus to prolong the
lives of our fellow-creatures — we are directing
our care wrongly, and causing a degeneration of
the race of man I Who would wish, who would
consent, to have such a passage as the above
introduced into our national School Books?
Could any sentiment or principle be incul
cated more ruinous to morals, or more opposed
to the spirit of Christianity, or more wither-
ing to all the kindly feelings of our nature?
And that dark hint at 'elimination,' — what
more effectual encouragement could be given
to the commission of Infanticide and Fceti-
cide, crimes already so shockingly prevalent?
Again: This theory which would identify
the human race with the brutes of the forest,
and avers them to be subject to the same laws
and doomed to the same fate, tends to work
national as well as in<liviilual v.vW. When sin-
ful and selfish and scmsual beings, us fallen
J)escciU of Man, V.
are by the theory of Natural Selection, that
t is a law of nature to Man, no less than to
beast, that the strong should trample down
and exterminate the weak, and that when
they are successful in doing so, they are only
nheriting their legitimate destiny as 'the
fittest to survive' — what results, what fruits
could be looked for from such a doctrine but
high-handed injustice, oppression and cruelty,
on the one hand, and suffering, slavery and
extermination on the other? Is not the ten-
ency, if not the design, of evolutionism,
therefore, to favor the strong, and to crush
the weak — to elevate the favored few, and to
depress the less fortunate multitude? Is not
its very spirit that of the tyrant's maxim,
'Might makes right?' Certain it is that,
The Survival of the Fittest, and Liberty,
Fraternity and Equality can never be in-
scribed on the same banner."
(To bo continued.)
For " The Friend."
Extracts from letters of Margaret Morris.
(Continued from page 412, vol. li.)
The pestilence which desolated Philadel-
phia in 1793, fell heavily upon the family of
Margaret Morris, and called forth all her forti-
tude and resignation to bear up against the
calamities which overwhelmed her. In the
early stage of the epidemic, she was urged by
her son Eichard to leave the city for a place
of safety, and her reply is characteristic of
her unselfish heroism. The coming events
seem already to have cast their shadows upon
her spirit.
"To Gulielma Maria Smith.
Philadelphia, 8 mo. 11, 1793.
Under the present awful visitation, I think
I would not dare to seek a retreat from the
spot where Providence has placed me, and
flee a place more polluted with the sins of its
inhabitants than the infectious fever now
raging amongst us. We cannot fly from the
rod commissioned to strike us amongst th
rest, and the Hand that directs it can ijre-
serve us amidst the thousand slain. May
you, my beloved children, with me, be pre
served in humble, holy confidence in that all
sufficient Arm which hath hitherto helped us
It is, indeed, an awful time in our city. The
dead and dying are carried by our door, yet
the infection hath not appeared near us. My
family are as yet, all well, and for mj'self, I
have not been afraid to go where duty calls
me. I burn tar' and tobacco many times a
day in all our rooms, and have done the same
with Debbie's, and sent tar to thy brothers;
but thej' seem as though they would not sub-
mit to use anj' precaution. How they will
fare 1 know not." Eight days after the date
of that letter her eldest son. Dr. John Morris,
had fallen a victim to the disease under circum-
stances that wrung the heart of his widowed
parent. Her own pen must describe the
agonies which she endured ''and the ensuing
sorrows."
The following to J. and G. M. S. is without
date, but appears to bo the first written by
her, alter the melancholy event.
" M. M. to J. & G. M. Smith.
My dear son and daughter, — I have received
your several afTectionate letters, and desire
to be thankful, that in the midst of the pre-
sent afTlictivo scene it has pleased the Divine
(itjudnoss to leave me i)lessiMgs that call for
the tribute of gratitude and praise from raj,
chastened heart. My dear Abbie's* pulse is
ather better this afternoon, and I am almost
eady to flatter myself that her life may be
pared for my future comfort, and the benefit
of her little ones. Has any body told you I
was three nights and days in Pear street,
with no other help than little Polly and oui
Tommy, and both my sick children to wait
upon ? Late on seventh day dear B. S. sent a
colored man and woman to me, and my dear
son inclining to doze, I lay down by him and
got a couple of hours sleep, and waking foun(j
him much altered. 1 sat b^' him till it wae
time to send out, and sent the man to B. S
and placed the woman with Abbie, and then
by myself I watched the parting breath. The
closing scene was all still ; no sigh, or groan,
or struggle discomposed his face and limbs:
and then, oh! then, 'the hands of the pitiful
mother,' prepared her child's bodj^ for the
grave. And well would it have been, if I
could have contented myself with doing this
much. But vain and foolish, I thought my-
self strong enough todoevery thing, and insist-
ed on seeing the dear remains deposited by the
beloved companion of my j-oulh. Presuming
on mj^ own strength I went, but what followed
I know not. When I awoke after two dayi
of delirium I found myself in bed in my own
front parlor, and my dear D. S. and others
tenderlj' watching me. I believe from mj
present weakness, I have been ill, but hope
soon to be able to go about again. Let my
suffering be a means of preservation to j'ou
my tenderly beloved children. Presume not
on your own strength in any case, and learn
from your mother's example and experience
that resignation is the road to peace."
" To Eichard Hill Morris.
Philadelphia, 9 mo. 19, 17!
My beloved son, — I have seen thy letter tc
B. S.f of this day and have undertaken tc
reply to it. In the first place I maj' inform
thee, that through the mercy of Providence I
am recruiting from my late fatigue, and en-
deavoring to reconcile my mind to the dis-
pensations of unerring Wisdom. My dear,
sweet Abby Morris was laid by her husband
on Second-day last. Thy dear uncle and my
beloved brother. Wells, was taken yesterday
with an ague. The docter (Ruth) pronounced
it to be the prevailing fever, though mild im
its appearance. He took the medicines and
was twice bled, and this evening at 9 o'clock
1 had a note from his daughter Hannah, who
tells me with heart-felt pleasure, the doctor
says her dear father is in a safe waj'. * * *
There were eight or ten died in Pear street
in the course of two or three daj-s. W.
Waring died the day after my poor son.^
Every house was shut up. Dr. G— — was
better and getting out again. Adieu my lovo,
may Heaven preserve thee. This is the affec-
tionate and daily praj-er of thy tender mother,
M. Morris.
9 mo. '23d, 1793.
To the same. * * * Thus wo are in the
midst of danger, and whose turn it may be
next, wo know not. Charles Leo was buried
yesterday. Sallie Dorsey and the man who
attended B. D.'s store are both confined
short it is endless to say wlio aro sick and
* Wife of Dr. John Morris wliose death is roconlcd
ill this letter.
tBeiijaiuiu Smilli, husband of her daughter Dcbo'
rah.
THE FRIEND.
ead ; it seems as if the hearses were going
ly day and night. This day weeli we were
old 126 were buried; but the number has
Tadually lessened since that time, and though
aany are sick yet fewer die now than in the
•eginning. *********=*=
P. S. As to myself, I dare not quit the
»ost assigned me by Infinite Wisdom. Alas !
vhither should I go and for what? I have
leard of some who in the moment they were
ratting their goods into a cart to remove
rom their own house, were seized with a fever
md before their goods were unloaded at an-
)ther place bad died. * * Dear B. iS
las beeu more than a son to me, and amidst
.be late and present trials, I desire to be
ruly thankful for the blessings still left mo ;
.mongst which I account thy absence from the
ily not the least, and entreat thee not to at-
3mpt a visit to us. The time may come, when
b J' personal appearance here maybe indispen-
ably necessary ; and then will be the proper
ime to come and not till then. I wish thee,
Qy love, to take great care of thy health ;
.void fatigue, and take moderate exercise,
i'rom, my beloved son, thy tenderly affection-
.te mother M. M.
' To the same. * * * As for myself, I am
ndeavoring to reconcile my mind to the dis-
»ensations of Infinite Wisdom; but it will be
ong before my poor tabernacle recovers from
ihe shock it has sustained. S. Dorsy is sick
■f the fever, but the doctor thinks it is not at
)resent of the malignant kind. My W. M.
Ind Patty are at B. D.'s for the present; S.
,nd Mollie are here, and the dear little baby
s put out to nurse for the moment. As soon
18 I am able to get abroad, I expect to have
.11 my dear little *orphans brought home.
vVhat a charge it will be at my time of life ! <
3ut the Hand that has appointed my portion, !
One was persecuted in his family, by his
friends and companions ; another was visited
with sore pains and humbling diseases, neg-
lected by the world ; another had all these
afflictions meeting in one — deep called upon
deep. Mark, all are brought out of them. It
*as a dark cloud but it passed away ; the
water was deep, but they have reached the
other side. Not one of them blames God for
the road Ho led them; "salvation" is their
only crj'. Are there any of you, dear chil-
dren, murmuring at your lot? Do not sin
against God. This is the way God leads all
His redeemed ones. You must have a palm
as well as a white robe. No pain, no palm ;
no cross, no crown ; no thorn, no throne ; no
gall, no glory. Learn to glory in tribulation
also. "I reckon that the sufferings of this
present time are not worthy to be compared
with the glory that shall be revealed in us."
— M'Cheyne.
He who knows how to pray has the secret
of support in trouble, of relief from anxiety,
and of strength for the performance of duty ;
the power of soothing every care, and tilling
the soul with entire trust and confidence for
the future. — Win. Jay.
THE FRIEND.
EIGHTH MONTH 17, 1878.
LIST OF AGE^iTS.
We append herewith a list of Agents to
whom applications may be made, and who
are authorized to receive payment for "The
Friend."
PENNSYLVANIA.
John Trimble, Concordville, Delaware Co.
Joseph Scattergood, West Chester.
Thomas M. Harvey, West Grove, Chester Co.
George Sharpless, London Grove, Chester Co.
Benjamin Gilbert, Yohoghany, Westraore
md Co.
doubt not, will qualify me to perform all|Reubcn Battin, Shunk P. O., Sullivan Co.
,hat He shall be pleased to require of me. If i new jersey.
L am favored to act my part well, it matters Charles Stokes, Medford, Burlington Co.
lot whether I have a rough or a smooth path
,0 walk in, while walking through this vale
)f tears to the promised land, of which I have
itely thought I had a little glimpse. And,
h ! what a mere nothing did the world, and
11 the goodly things in it, appear to my
nind, when endeavoring to reach after the
njoyment of ever enduring happiness. May
hy mind, my dear child, often seek to be
avored with a foretaste of what I hope is in
itore for thee, and thy dear companion, to
?hom, with thyself and children, I shall ever
emain, a tender and affectionate mother.
M. M."
Joel Wilson, Rah way.
William Carpenter, Salem.
NEW YORK.
Robert Knowles, Smyrna, Chenango Co.
Alfred King, Ledyard, Cayuga Co.
Joshua Haight, Somerset, Niagara Co.
MASSACHUSETTS.
William B. Oliver, Lynn.
OHIO.
George Blackburn. Salem, Columbiana Co.
Daniel Williams, Flushing, Belmont Co.
Asa Garretson, Barnesvilie, Belmont Co.
Benj. D. Stratton, Winona, Columbiana Co.
Gilbert McGrew, Smithfield, Jefferson Co.
James R. Kite, Pennsville, Morgan Co.
No Cross, No Oom.— Every one that gets j)^ i^^^^ Huestis, Chester Hill, Morgan Co.
the throne must put his foot upon the !p.^,,j^gj, jjj^lljja^j.pig^ille^ Harrison Co.
ihorn. We must taste the gall if we are tolj^^j^^ L_ j^i^g^ Damascoville.
aste the glory. Whom God justifies by faith, UyiUig^i^^ j£_ Blackburn, Bast Carmel, Colum-
le leads into tribulation also. When God biana Co.
wrought Israel through the Eed Sea, He led|jQ^^^ jj-_ g^ith, Smyrna, Harrison Co.
hem into the wilderness; so, when God saves Edmond Fowler, Bartlett, Washington Co.
isoul. He tries it. The way to Zion is through
he valley of Baca. You must go through
he wilderness of Jordan, if you are to come
,0 the land of promise. Some believers are
Bueh surprised when they are called upon to
iuti'er. They thought they would do some
^reat thing for God; but all that God per-
"ts them to do is to suffer. Go round to
jvery one in glory, every one has a different
Jtory, yet every one has a tale of suffering.
Children of Dr. Jno. Morris.
INDIANA.
James Woody, Thorntown, Boone Co.
IOWA.
Joseph Hall, Springdale, Cedar Co.
Nathan Warrington, Coal Creek, Keokuk Co.
Richard Mott, Viola, Linn Co.
GREAT BRITAIN.
Joseph Armfield, South Place Hotel, Fins-
bury, E. C. London.
Richard Hall, Waverton, Wigton, Cumber-
land, England.
The commencement of a new volume of our
Journal naturally gives rise to a train of re-
flections on the objects to be attained, and the
responsibility connected with a publication of
this kind.
It was originally established about fifty-one
j-ears ago as a medium of communication
among Friends, at a time when our Society
was much disturbed by the spread within its
borders of Unitarian sentiments. A know-
ledge of the events which were transpiring in
the different meetings was thus made easily
accessible to its readers.
A review of its pages, as they have ap-
peared in successive years since 1827 (when
it was commenced) would show the record of
many wonderful inventions and discoveries in
art and science ; and of great changes wrought
in social habits by their application to civil
life.
In political history, the reader might trace,
among other noteworthy events, the consoli-
dation of the German States into one Empire,
under the leadership of Prussia; and of the
Italian States, under the government of the
Sardinian King; the remarkable wave of revo-
lution that swept over Europe in 1818; the
extension of Russian sway in the central re-
gions of Asia ; the changes in the government
of France; the general enfranchisement of
serfs and slaves by nearly all the civilized
world ; and the desperate effjrt made by the
slave-holding interests of our United States
to support a system which was out of harmony
with the civilization of the age — efforts which
caused a prolonged and bloody vvar, but which
ended in the destruction of the system itself
The records of our own beloved Society
during the same period present many evi-
dences of the unsettlement and disturbance
caused by the introduction into a religious
body of new doctrines and feelings. The
bond which united us as one people has been
weakened thereby. In some parts, where
outward fellowship is still maintained, there
is a lessening of that inward union which
exists only between those who are of one
heart and of one mind. In other places, this
weakening of the cord has progressed so far,
that divisfons have been effected among those
who claim the same honorable appellation of
" Friends." That such results should follow
from such causes, is neither unexpected nor
unreasonable; however saddening it has been
to many hearts. But there is one feature
which is peculiarly trying to us. Differences of
judgment, as to the proper steps to bo taken
in the emergencies that have arisen, and other
secondary causes, have, in some cases, been
allowed to separate those who are really
united in the attachment to our religious doc-
trines.
We have been comforted however in the
belief of latter times, that in some such easos
there is less of a disposition to judge unchari-
tably of the actions and motives of others, and
more of a concern to watch closely their own
footsteps. We sincerely desire that this soften-
ing process may continue and spread, until,
in^tho Lord's way and time, all may be done
away with, that hinders the full enjoyment
of unity, and the harmonious working to-
THE FRIEND.
gether as one body, of all those who believe
in the pi-ecious doctrines which George Fox
and his associates were conimissiouod to re-
vive and promulgate.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — Violent local storms prevailed in
Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and north-
ern New York, on the 8th and 9th inst., doing great
damage to property and at Wallingford, Connecticut,
causing sad loss of life. For a few minutes there was
a deluge of rain, with territic thunder and lightning,
and for about a minute the wind burst in fury, demolish-
ing forty houses, and about fifty barns.
The committee on accounts of the School Board of
Boston, state the number of pupils belonging to all the
schools in that city, to be 47,212, and the average cost
per pupil §33.33. The assessed value of school pro-
perty is $7,211,500. The total expenses of the schools
were $1,582,116.09.
The official figures of the transatlantic steamship
companies show, that during the past three months
20,333 passengers have left the port of New York for
Europe. These returns, as compared with former years,
show the prevailing tendency of replacing old steamers
with lai-ger and faster vessels, and thus, with less trips
and fewer steamers, carrying larger numbers of passen-
gers.
In the last fiscal year, the total number of letters and
packages registered was 4,348,127, and $367,438.88 was
collected in fees. The percentage of ordinary letters
lost was about one fiftieth of one per cent.; 343,642
packages of stamped envelopes' and postal cards, valued
at $26,525,836.47, and 31,811 packages of United States
bonds, currency and internal revenue stamps, valued at
$124,147,040.54 were forwarded for the Government
without charge for registration. Out of the immense
sums carried for the Government not a penny was lost,
and of the amount carried for the Post-office Depart-
ment only two small packages of little value, failed to
reach their destination. It is thought the registry sys-
tem will be self-sustaining when extended to all classes
of mail matter.
Reports received from most of the gold and silver
mines on the Pacific slope, state the total production at
$24,436,800 ; nearly 40 per cent, of this was gold, about
$14 000,000 silver, lead $600,000.
The yield of wheat in Dakota territory is estimated
this year at 15,000,000 bushels.
During last month, 8,689 immigrants arrived at New
Y'ork. There came from Germany 2074 ; Russia 1246 ;
England 1115; Ireland 1072; Scandinavia 978.
A passenger car, propelled by compressed air, has
been running on one of the railroads of New Ykirk city.
The experiments were tir.st made at Gla.sgow, and hav-
ing come under the notice of Americans, the inventors
were brought to this country, and for nearly a year
have been making improvements on the original patent.
Tlie motive power is .sujiplied by reservoirs under the
floor and seats ; which are capable of holding in store
17,000,000 foot pounds of working power. The air re-
ceiver is tested up to a capacity of 600 pounds to the
square inch, but is not worked above 350. The burst-
ing pressure of the machinery is about eight times
above the working pressure. The car can be run quite
a-s fast as the steam dummies which ai-e used on the
elevated railroads, and on surface roads may be run at
the rate of fifteen raile.s per hour ; although the rate of
speed can be increased to forty miles per hour. It is
claimed the expense ofthe.se cars will be thirty per cent,
less than steam cars, and fifty per cent, less than horse
The Surgeon General of the Marine Hospital Service
reports the existence of yellow fever at Port Eads, New
Orleans, Havana, Matanzas, Cardenas, and some other
places. In New Orlean.s, 431 cases and 118 deaths have
been reported.
There were 1967 deaths in Chicago during last month
In this city there were 301 deaths during the past week
The greatest number in any ward was 20.
Mitrkds, <fcc. — American gold lOOJ. U. S. sixes
18SI, \ul\ ; 5-20 coupons, 1865, 102§; do. 1867, 104^ ;
do. ls<;s, 108 ; new .5's, 1061 ; new 4i per cents, 1041
new 4 per ccnti-, 10(l'.
Cotton.- .^;i I- nl :; ,11 l,,ik-sat 12J a 12.} cts.
Flour ami M.il, M inncsota extra family, $5.75
$0; IViuiM. aipl (linn L.inilv, $5.25 a $5.50 ; patent an,
othur lii^li ^'la.lrs ;,i ,-(1 :i *7..'0. Rye flour, $2.75 per
barr.l. Cr.ni meal, S'i 75 per l.arrt-l.
(iniiii.-Kcl whrat, $1,111 a :>1.03; amber, $1.05 n
$1.07 ; wliitM, $1.(W a$1.10. Corn, 45 a 52 cts. Oats,
while, old, 36 a .'iS cts.; new, '.'A a 35 cts. jier IiusIk-I.
Hay and Straw. — Average price during the week —
Prime timothy, 65 a 75 cts. per 100 pounds; mixed,
■" 60 cts. per 100 pounds ; straw, 45 a 55 cts. per 100
pounds.
Beef cattle were firmer and prices -} a | cts. higher ;
1800 head arrived and sold at 3J- a 6 cts. for common to
prime. Sheep, 3J a 6 cts. Hogs, 6} a 7} cts. per pound
as to quality.
Foreign. — The mechanics in the shipyards on the
Clyde have unanimously refused to submit either to an
ncrease of their hours of labor or to a ten per cent, re-
duction of their wages, the alternative of which was
offijred them by their employers.
In the last six months, the value of coal exported
from Great Britain was $17,675,180, against $18,869,600
in the same period of 1877.
The Calcutta dispatch says : The rains have been
abnormally heavy. Great damage has been done to the
crops, and great distress prevails in consequence of the
floods. The canals and irrigation works have been
breached. Terrible distress prevails in Cashmere, and
energetic steps are being taken to relieve the people,
who in many parts of the country are subsisting upon
herbs and unripe fruit.
The. Franco-American Commercial Conference, have
prepared a memorial to the United States Congress and
French Chambers, calling attention to the languor of
commercial relations between the two countries, and
declare that the reason is to be found in their respective
import duties. They urge the necessity for a treaty of
nerce ; and a general revision of the American
tariffi
The Swiss National Council has voted $1,300,000 as
the contribution of Switzerland towards completing the
St. Gothard tunnel.
A despatch from Alexandria says the river Nile is
rising favorably. It is now higher than at any time
last year, and the prospect for the crops are excellent.
George F. Seward, U. S. Minister to Peking, says
that the prospect of American trade with Chinese ports
was never so good as at present. Cotton manufacturers
are beginning to find a good market, in competition
with English goods, and the general disposition of the
Chinese Government is, to abandon to some extent, the
policy of isolation, and to favor foreign intercourse.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
These schools, under the care of the three Monthly
Meetings of Friends in this city, will re-open on Second-
day, Ninth mo. 2d, 1878.
A limited number of children will now be admitted
to these schools, not members of our religious Society,
whose parents may desire to have them educated free
from the unnecessary but fashionable accomplishments,
too common in many schools at this day.
The attention of Friends residing in the city and its
neighborhood is particularly invited to them. The
terms are moderate, and Friends belonging to Phila-
delphia Y'early Meeting, sending children to these
schools, (also members), who may find the charges
burdensome, can be fully relieved.
The principal schools will open for the next term,
under the care of John H. Dillingham and Margaret
Lightfoot, as Principals, both successful teachers of
many years' experience. Opportunities will here be
affiirded of obtaining a liberal education in useful
branches of study, and in the Latin, Greek and French
languages. Facilities for illustration are afforded by a
valuable collection of philosophical and chemical ap'
paratus, minerals, and Auzoux's models of parts of the
human system, &c.
In the primary schools the children are well ground-
ed in studies of a more elementary character.
Further information may be obtained upon applica-
tion to the Treasurer of the Committee,
James Smedley, No. 415 Market St.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Committee on In.struction of Westtowu Boarding
School meet at Philadelphia in the Conimitlceroom on
Arch street, on Seventh-day, the 24th inst., at 10 A. M
MALVERN BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL.
The next school year will commence on the 9lh of
Ninth monlh. I'or circular, .address
Jam: .M. Eldridoe, box 35, Malviru, 1
MOOKKS'I
Will be opened '.lib „,n
Monthly Meeting of 1- r
Ann.
iWX A«
:my
.MAN, Assista
re of Chester
iif both 8e.\e3.
Principal
RECEIPTS.
Received from Su^.inua F. Sharpless, Pa., S2.10, vc
; from Sarah Green, R. I., $2.10, vol. 52, and f
Eliza G. Sheffield, Conn., $2.10, vol. 52; from Gear;
F. Wood, N. Y., per J. C. Maule, $2.10, vol. 52 ; fro
Beulah Garrigues, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Isaac Lsed
N. J., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Isaac Powell Leeds, $2.6
to No. 52, vol. 52, and Susan Powell, Pa., $2.10, vo
52 ; from Edward Thorn, N. J., S2.10, vol. 52, and ft
Barton F. Thorn, $2.10, vol. 52; from Elizabeth '
Engle, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52 : from Joseph H. Brook
N. J., S2.10, vol. 52 ; from Sarah C. Paul, N. J., $2.1
vol. 52, and for Abigail R. Paul, City, $2, vol. 52 ; froi
Lewis Passmore, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Joseph Wa
ng, Canada, $2.10, to No. 23, vol. 53, and for Georg
Pollard, Jesse Stover^ Thomas Cornell, John Moore an
enson Lossing, $2.10 each, vol. 52, and Williira C
Austin, $2.10, to No. 27, vol. 53 ; from Thomas Wilbu
N. Y; $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Sabina Hancock, Pa., $2.1(
■ 52 ; from Samuel P. Le^ds, N. J., «2.10, vol. 52
from Benjamin Bowerman, Mich., $2.10, vol. 52 ; froi
Isaac P. Wilbur, Mass., $2.10, vol. 52. and for Mary An
Slade and Eunice Gidley, Mass., and Mary A. Gardne
R. I., $2.10 each, vol. 52; from Isaac Child, lo., $2.1'
vol. 52 ; from Henry W. Wills, N. .1., $2.10, vol. 5
and for Joshua S. Wills, Jo.seph H. Haines, and Josep
Evans, $2.10 each, vol. 52 ; from D.ivid J. Scott, Pa
$2.10, vol. 52, and for Ann Scott, $2.10, vol. 52 ; froi
Jno. M. Saunders, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Mary I
Pennell, W. Phila., $2.10, vol. 52, and for John Hil
N. Y., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Ann K. B.tcon, N. J., $2.1i
vol. 52; from George Brinton, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; froi
Jjine B. Smith, Pa., S2.10, vol. 52 ; from Mary B. Will
N. J., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Phebe L. Wain, City, %-.
vol.52; from Sarah E. Haines, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; fron
William Fisher, O., 3:2.10, vol. 52; from S. B. DeCoi
N. J., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Daniel J. Morrell, Pa., $2.1'
vol. 52; from Philip Carter, Md., *2.10, vol. 52 ; froi,
Jacob Edge, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Eliza Thoma
" 'r, 11-2.10, vol. 52 ; from Mary Maris, Pa., $2.10, vo
52, and Samuel W. Maris, Md., $2.10, vol. 52 ; froi
Benjamin Wiggins, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Jam(
Smedley, City, $2, vol. 52, and for Sarah Haines, N. J
$2.10, vol. 52; from Dr. Joseph Wiirrington, N. J
*2.10, vol. 52 ; from Deborah Woolman, City, $2, vo
52; from Daniel Sitterthwaite, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52
from Robert Knowles, Agent, N. Y., *2.10, vol. 52, an
for David Peckham, Lorenzo Rockwell, Hubert Rod
well, George C. Carpenter, Benjami'n Knowles, Jami
R. Boss, Joseph Collins and Sarah T. Boss, N. Y
Henry A. Knowes, lo., and D.i.vid F. Knowles, V(
$2.10 each, vol. 52 ; from S. H. Ferguson, Conn., $2.1'
vol. 52; from Joseph Scattergood, Agent, Pa., fc
Phineas Pratt, $2.10, vol. 52.
RemUtances received after Fourth-day morning will ni.
appear in the Receipts until the following week.
A well qualified Teacher wishes a situation in
Friend.s School, in city or country.
Inquire at the Office of " The Friend."
The Memorials of our deceased friends, Alfred Copi
and Ebenezer Worth, have been printed in pamphlii
form and may be obtained at Friends' Bookstore, N>
304 Arch street, Philadelphia.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A well qualified woman is wanted to take the situ:
tion of Nurse in the Boys' Department.
Application may be made to '
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Chester Co., Pa]
Susanna F. Sharpless, Street Road, " " " j
Deborah Rhoad.s, Haddonlield, New Jersey.
Elizabeth R. Evans, 252 S. Front St., Philadal
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, I
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) PhUa<Ulphia\
Physician and .Superintendent— John C. Hall, M. :|
Applications for the Admission of Patients may l|
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers. '
X. Y.
Moilll.lv Mr,
cient dbotrin
comfortaUe i
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, EIGHTH MONTH 24, 1878.
NO. 2.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
Price, if paid in advance, S2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For "The Friend."
Lcttcr.s from Cnfrcquenlcd Places.
(Continued from page 2.)
On board the steamer " Tage" Levant, lying
off Messina, 4th mo. 21st, 1878.
We came on board thi-) ship on the after-
noon of Third-day, the 16th, and this is our
fifth day at sea, if I may so say, when we are
lying in port most of the time, for this steamer
Btops at all ports along the Levant. We were
three days at Alexandretta, the port of Aleppo,
and great quantities of grain, cotton and wool
were tal<en on board. Aleppo is four day's
journey from Alexandretta, by camel train,
and these trains are seen winding over the
hills in the distance. Just about the port is
one flat marsh, dreadfully unhealthy ; I went
on shore and walked about some, but scarcely
dared to take a whole breath, it seemed so
malarious. Tarsus, the birth place of St. Paul,
is about fifteen miles from this place, and one
of our fellow-travellers has gone to visit it. I
was told there is scarcely a vestige of the
place left, so contented myself with looking
towards it with my glass. There are but
seven first class passengers besides myself on
this nhip. I have a large room all to myself,
and little wash-room attached, and much I
enjoy them after tent life, when a hurried
toilette was the order of the early day, with
so little light that it was seldom I had a
chance lo see how brown I was getting, and
concluded I should need an introduction to
myself whenever broad daylightshould enable
me to see my reflection — this same reflection
is a brown study now, and I feel as if lookina;
at a native of the country. On our decks is
a motley crowd that I wish you could look
upon — Moslems and Turks, veiled women and
some unveiled — families with their mats and
cushions spread — and we see the customs of
oriental traveling. The Moslems (that is, the
strict ones) do not neglect their prayers, but,
at the regular time, wash their faces, hands,
arms and feet, then step out into a clear space,
spread a shawl on the deck and go through
their prayers, bowing towards Mecca. Those
who have made the pilgrimage to Mecca wear
a green turban and are very zealous in their
religious exercises. The delicious rest on this
ship is so grateful, and was so much needed,
that it is hard to get enough. For two or
three days I did nothing buti sleep, go out to
my meals, look about a little, and then sleep
ag;iin. The French stewardess would come
in and say, " Bormir, dormir, dormir," 1 would
answer, " Oui, old, oui," and that was about
the extent of our conversation. As for writ-
ing letters, I have been almost in despair with
myself for not being more energetic about it,
and yet when one is completely tired out,
what is to be done ?
Well, from Damascus, we went to Baalbeck,
two da}''s journey ; leaving Damascus by the
"Gorge de Barada," through which passes
the excellent road to Beyrouth, and which we
follow for several miles; the scene is just ex-
quisite! The gorge is narrow and wild, with
the Abana river rushins; through it; prett}'
villas and gardens and orchards filling every
inch of space beside the river and road. But
we had to leave that and take our way over
the hills and mountains, sometimes in a warm
valley, and then up, up, surrounded by snow.
Two or three hours from Damascus we halted
at the Fountain of Fijeh (ain Fijeh), the chief
source of the Abana, and a great curiositj- it
is, as well as very beautiful. Over it there
had once been a splendid temple, now only a
fine old ruin, and at its base a sort of cave,
from which boils up, not only a stream, but a
full-grown river, as clear and bright, sparkling
and joyous as a river can be, escaping from
the dark recesses underneath the mountain,
no one knows where. It dashes away over
the rocks a short distance, and joins another
smaller stream, and these two form the river
which the Arabs call the Barada, and the
ancients called Abana. I did not wonder that
Naaman thought the Abana and Pharpar
more inviting to taste and use than the muddy
Jordan. We lunched at Suk Wady Barada —
a most charming spot. I think wady means
glen, and here the river rushes and tears away
among the rocks in a deep chasm, over which
is a bridge; and, by the way, I must tell you
that a bridge is a luxury not often met with
in Palestine or Syria. 1 have forded streams
where it seemed as if horse, rider and all must
be swept away, and had lo put on the whip
to urge my steed against the current. On
the high rocks are many tombs (cut in them)
and some with Latin inscriptions. On a high
hill is pointed out the tomb of Abel, thirty
feet long! and this is supposed to be the place
where he was murdered! Other authority
supposes it (the tomb) to be a Moslem wely
(tomb), and so we are crammed with sup-
poses. There are also traces of an aqueduct
supposed to have been made by Zenobia, to
conduct the water from Ain Fijeh to Palmyra.
We camped in the beautiful valley of Zeb-
edany, and near the town, which is a thriving
one of over 3,000 inhabitants, and rich in gar-
dons and trees. Leaving Zebedany on the
morning of the 11th, we travelled over high
spurs of the Anti-Libanus. Lunched near
"Noah's tomb," which is 132 feet long! The
tomb is in a stone building and kept carefully
covered with cloth — it looks like an aqueduct
covered over. What with the snowy moun-
tains, green hills and valleys, beautiful views
were our only variety, till the ruins of Baal-
beck loomed up in sight and we were soon
there. We found our tents pitched inthecourt
of the Great Temple. This court is about 150
yards long and 125 wide. On the north side
our tents were pitched, and far away in the
south-east corner of the court were grouped
the tents of the Cook party, who were there
to welcome us, they having preceded us one
day.
We enter the court by a long, dark, arched
way, which 1 thought was a tunnel, but it
was once a grand high entrance to the level
of the court. This court is now so filled up
with the accumulations of ages, that we have
to rise a steep |)itch to gain the present level
from the tunnel. We dismounted and walked
about among the wonders, then climbed up
on the Cyclopean walls to watch the sun sot.
I fear I cannot of my own poor self, stretch
your imaginations sufficiently to take in the
vastness, thegrandeur, the beauty of the giant
pile. Dr. Prime says: "If all the ruins of
ancient Rome, that are in and around the
modern city, were gathered together in one
group, they would not equal in extent the
ruins of Baalbeck." They would certainly
look like a pile of brick-bats and dust beside
these mammoth relics of PhceQician strength,
and
" Not in Egypt's ruined land.
Nor mid the Grecian Isles,
Tower monuments so vast, so grand.
As Baalbeck's early piles —
Baalbeck, thou city of the Sun !
Why art thou silent, mighty one ?"
Thus thought I, while wandering among the
piles, and often said, "Oh, if these stones
would only speak, and tell us how they got
here !" A few facts and figures and I am done
with Baalbeck, which one can only under-
stand by the evidence of sight. One must see
it, explore it and study for himself. These
temples stood on a platform raised 30 feet
above the plain, having immense vaults un-
derneath. Three stones in this foundation-
wall measure, one 64 feet long, another 63 feet
8 inches, the third 63 feet, and each is 15 feet
wide by 13 feet high, and raised to a height
of 20 feet above the ground. On the outside
of this wall is another wall, where many of
the stones measure 30 feet long, 15 wide and
13 high. The great temple was 290 feet long
and 160 broad, surrounded by Corinthian
columns 75 feet high and over 7 feet in di-
ameter at the base, and the stones of the
entablature which reached from column to
column, 15 feet high and 15 long, making the
entire height at the top of the entablature 90
feet. Six of these immense columns remain
standing. Of the columns of the temple of
the sun, 19 are standing, and they are each
65 feet high, including base and capital. An
author says : " The peculiar characteristics of
this architecture is the combination of the
immense and the graceful, of Cyclopean vast-
ness with refined elegance — nowhere is the
Corinthian acanthus carved with more deli-
10
THE FRIEND.
cacy than on those gigantic blocks." The
fallen fragments heaped on the ground areas
wonderful as those .stnn<ling— the carLh is
strewn with enormous debris, it is the ruin of
an entire city. Wo viewed the wonderful
scene by moonlight and by daylight; wulked
through it and round about, and visited the
quarries, near which lies one of those great
stones, all hewn out, but never removed. It
is G9 feet long by 17 wide and 14 deep — 1 hope
to show }'0u some views sometime.
(To lie continued.)
Epistle of George Fox.
Friends, dwell in the Living Spirit, and
quench not the motions of it in yourselves,
nor the movingsof it in others ; though many
have run out and gone beyond their measures,
yet many more have quenched the measure
of the Spirit of God, and have become dead
and dull, and questioned through a false fear;
so there hath been hurt both ways. There-
fore be obedient to the power of the Lord, and
bis Spirit; war with that Philistine that would
stop up your wells and springs : and the belief
in the power keeps the spring open ; and none
to despise prophecy neither to quench the
Spirit; so that all may be kept open to the
spring, that every one's cup may run over.
For you may all prophesy one by one, ami
the spirit of the prophets is subject to the
prophets. Would all the Lord's people were
prophets, said Moses in his time, when some
found fault ; but the last time is the Christian's
lime ; who enj^jys the substance, Christ Jesus;
and his church is called a royal priesthood,
offering u]5 spiritual sacrifices ; and his church
are his believers in the Light. And so in the
Light every one should have something to
oft'cr ; and to otter an offering in righteousness
to the living God, else they are not priests :
and such as quench the Spirit cannotoffer, but
become dull. I will pour out my Spirit upon
all flesh, in the last time, saith the Lord,
which is the true Christian's time ; God's sons
and daughters shall prophesy, and your young
men shall see visions, and old men shall dream
dreams; and on my servants and handmaids
I will pour out of my Spirit in those days, and
they shall prophesy. Now, Friends, if this bo
fulhled, servants, handmaids, sons, daughters,
old men, young men, every one is to feel the
Spirit of God, by which you may see the
things of God, and declare them to his praise ;
for with the heart man doth believe, and with
the mouth confession is made unto salvation ;
first, he has it in his heart, before it comes
out of his mouth ; and this is beyond that
brain-beaten heady stuff which man has long
studied, about the saints' words which the
holy men of God s])ake forth, as they were
moved of the Holy Ghost.
So with the Holy Ghost, and with the light
and power of God, do you build upon Christ,
the Foundation, and Life; and by the same
heavcidy Light, and Power, and Spirit, do
you labor in the vineyard, and do you tninis
ter and speak forth the things of God, and do
you dig for your pearls ; therefore bring them
forth, and lot them bo soon liow thoy glister.
Friends, you see how men and women can
speak enough for the world, for merchandize,
for husbandry, the ploughman for his plough ;
but when thoy should come to speak for God,
thoy quench the S])irit, and do not obey God's
will.
Use temporal things but dosiro eternal.
For " The Friend."
Letters, &f., of Mariaret Morris.
(C.nliiiued froM, i.iige 7.)
To her son, Richard Hill Morris.
9tli mo. 27th, 1793.
* * * Pray keep up thy spirits and,
above all, endeavor to gain access to the
throne of mercy, and join thy intercessions to
those who are engaged to implore the Divine
Goodness to give command to the destroying-
angel to stay his hand, that a remnant may
be spared to tell to others what the Lord has
done for them.
To the same.
Philadelphia, 10th mo. 10th, 1793.
I received thy acceptable and affectionate
letter of the 8th, this morning, and have the
happiness of informing theo, that W. N. and
my maid Sallic, are raised from the brink of
the grave. I don't know if I told thee, I had
two beds in the front parlor; I laid in one
and Sallie in the other, being determined to
keep the infection from my dear sister, if pos-
sible. When W. N. was seized, which was
violently, I sent Tom out, and bought a large
Windsor settee, and ti.Ked it in the back parlor
for him, and got a black man to attend him,
and my sweet Pollio Morris procured mo a
white woman to attend Sallie, and I then left
her room and returned to my own lodging.
The children were sent to B. S.'s — he kept
S. and Mollie, and took Wm. and Paitie to
the grandfather's. So far all wont on well;
but, behold, ihy sister D. S., three servants
and two childrjn, wore taken ill lastSeventh-
dajMiight. I went thereon First-day to bring
S. and Mollie homo. But Debby had nobody
but herself to wait on the sick, and 1 left Sallie
and Toramj and brought M. along. That
night Mollie was taken sick, but the fever has
left her now, and she is playing about. On
Second-day morning B. S. came to let me
know S. Morris was very ill, and they feared
she would bo like her mother. David was
here at the time ; I sent to B. M. for his horse
and chair, and David went and brought her
hotno; but wo could hardly keep her from
fainting, she was so ill. He took her up stairs
and put her to bed, and sent for good Dr.
Rush. He said it was impossible for him to
attend or to send one of his j'oung men, but
directed me what to do for her, which, through
the blessing of Heaven, has raised her up
again, and she has had no fever since Third-
day. I should have told thee, that thy poor
aunt Hannah Moore had another stroke of the
palsy last Fifth-day morning; she lay a long
time speechless and insensible, — we thought
her dying. I got good Dr. Hush to look at
her, and she is now restored nearly to her
former state, e.xcopt that she is more helpless
than over she was, and its difficult for three
women to move her in and out of bed; and
her groans and screams, when wo do attempt
it, are hardly to be borne. My talc of woo is
not yet all told. While I was at B. Smith's,
on First-day morning, B. Hicks,* was taken
ill, and 1 found her in bed when I returned.
Dr. Rush, dear, good man, sent one of his
pupils to see her. She was to be bled, and
wo sent to eight or nine bleeders before one
could be found; however, after !) o'clock at
night, wo got it done, and, though she is still
very low, I have hopes of her recover^'. Does
Ihoe not wonder what kind of stulf thy mother
» The niitlifid nuaid who a.-roi
:(l Milcah iMai-tha from M.ulei
)aiiicd Mollie Moore
is made of, that she is still living, after having
gone through all this? Lot the praise be
given where it belongs, for I know that my
sufficiency is not of myself Thy dear sister,
through fatigue and anxiety, is beginning to
droop. Jno. ordered her to be bled, for the
doctor who attends their family, young Mease,
is himself very ill, and can't attend. B. S.'s
servants are recovering, but little Peggy is
very much amiss. From I. Lewis's to I.
Todd's, we have counted 29 or 30 that have
been carried to the silent grave, and through
the boundless goodness of Providence, none
have yet been taken from under our roof. I
was going to conclude, but must tell thee
something as true as strange; when my family
was at the worst, old Captain S. sent his com-
pliments, and desired to know how we all did,
and that if Mrs. M. stood in need of anything
at all, requested she would send to him, and
she should be welcome to anything he had.
See how the mollifying hand can soften mar-
ble. Thy tenderly affectionate mother,
M. M.
To the scune.
Philadelphia, 10th mo. 12th, 1793.
* * * 1 have the satisfaction of inform-
ing thee all my invalids, except my dear
afflicted sister, are getting out of the hospital.
But B. S. is very poorlj', a high fever, and
other symptoms of a smart attack. I hope
he will 3'et be spared, and the favorable state
of the weather encourages me to cherish the
flattering hope, in humble confidence and de-
sire of being resigned ; for indeed the present
dispensation calls upon us loudlj' to give up
all. Alas! my dear, if ever thou ro-visiia
thy native city, how many of thy former ac-
quaintance will thou miss of seeing in thy
walks abroad! Did I mention to thee that
there are 52 orphan children, whose parents
have died in the present calamity, now under
care of the committee. I think they have
converted the Loganian Library into an or-
phan house, and the committee hire a wagon
two or three times a week to give the children
an airing. Stephen Girard is a noble spirited
man; he may be ranked with thy equally
noble undo Wells. I hear that he is con-
stantly at Bush Hill ; performs the part of a
nurse to the poor sufferers there, and does the >
lowest offices of a nurse — shifting the sick,
and changing their bedding with his own;
hands. Does ho not obey the command of:
his Lord, who said to one formerly, " go thou i
and do likewise," when He was asked who
was neighbor to the man who fell among
thieves — the Levite or Samaritan? Last night,
good Dl. Offley was carried to the silent grave,
and a i'ew days since Rowland Evans. * * *
1 have done, when 1 tell theo that present or
absent I shall ever be,
Thy tenderly all'octionate mother,
^ M. M.
To the same.
Philadelphia, 10th mo. 15tli, 1793.
* * * I have boon closely tried for several
days past on account of dear B. Smith, who
has been, and still is, very ill, though I hopo
a little bettor tonight; ho has not a sick
stomach, but a very distressing pain in his
head, and fever. My poor Debby is also droop-
ing, and 1 know not how soon she ma}' be laid
up; they have both been bled twice. Their
(diildren arc well, and servants bravely, al-
though not able to do anything. When I
returned homo last evening, I found ni}- lato
valuable black man, who 1 wrote went away
THE FRIEND.
11
sick, laid on my kitchen floor very sick, —
even ill — the people where he lodged having
turned him out in that condition, and being a
stranger in town, be knew not where to go.
I gave him something, and this morning went
myself to one of the committee and got a per-
mit to send him to the hospital, and the good
creature cheerfully got into the sick cart,
thanking me for providing a place for him,
where he might lay his sick head. Oh! ray
dear, you who are at a distance can have but
a very imperfect idea of the mournful situa-
tion of our city ! indeed, it looks dismal to see
so many houses shut up. Ail the neighbors
on the opposite side of the way gone out of
For "The Frieud."
liifideiits and Rcflcftions.— Xo. li.
The wise man saj's, "Whoso diggeth a pit
shall fall therein." "We naturally experience
pleasure in seeing the wicked designs of un-
scrupulous men react to their own injurj^;
and the religious mind can often trace in such
instances the overruling power of the Lord,
who saves the simple, and ensnareth the crafty.
In Harvey's Reminiscences of Daniel Web-
ster, an interesting illustration of this charac-
ter, is given in the history of a law suit with
which that eminent statesman was connected,
and which is thus narrated.
Matthew Bramble was a wealthy resident
town, and most on this side of the street.* of Portsmouth, and, as the sequel proved, an
My sick folks are all getting well, except my i unscrupulous man. His social position was
poor sister, on whose account my sorrowful
family must remain at the place they are
stationed at. Alas ! whither could we go ? We
cainot flee from the rod commissioned to stri ko
MS. Thy dear good uncle W looks like
himself again, and my precious sister and the
girls are as well as usual. Through the mercy
of Heaven, I am- able to be with my dear
Debbj' part of every day, and esteem it a sin-
gular favor that her husband and self were
not taken sick at the time my own afflicted
household were ill, as I could not possibly
have been spared from home at that time.
Indeed I have renewed cause for humble
gratitude, when I see m}' dear little ones,
lately so ill, and our valuable domestics, meet-
ing me, on every little absence, with counten-
ances expressive of filial love and gratitude.
It is almost too much for me to bear, weak-
ened as my spirits have been of late, and fear-
ful of their ascribing to me, a poor, weak in-
strument, what belongs to the Great Physician
alone. I have good grounds to hope that the
late afflicting sickness will prove of lasting
benefit to our servants ; thus good will grow
ood, but a feeling of distrust towards him
existed in the community. It seems that
Bramble had given to a man named Brown
an annuitj' bond, agreeing to pay him one
hundred dollars a year as long as he lived.
This was to keep dormant a title to some real
estate. Bramble had more than once tried
to persuade Brown to take a "lump" sum of
money, and cancel the bond ; but this Brown
persistently declined to do, and in this he
was supported by the advice of his friends.
After in vain offering one thousand dollars.
Bramble resorted to the following method of
getting rid of his obligation. He was ac-
customed, when he paid the hundred dollars,
to endorse it on the bond. The next chance
he got, he endorsed, not one hundred dollars,
but one thousand dollars, adding, 'in full
consideration of and cancelling this bond.'
Brown, who could not read or write, unsus-
pectingly signed his mark to this endorse-
ment. Bramble then coolly handed him back
the bond, and of course said nothing of the
matter. When the year came round, an
altercation took place between them. Bram-
out of the evil they have so much dreaded, ble said: '-I owe you nothing; I paid you a
shall pursue this thing and sue you, unless
you settle it.' "
Bramble went to Mason who afterwards
said to Webster: "I think you have made a
mistake. Bramble is a man of influence. It
can't be that the fellow tells the truth. Bram-
ble would not do such a thing as that." Web-
ster replied : " Ho has done just such a thing
as that, and I shall try the suit."
So the preliminary steps were taken, and
the suit was brought. The case came on at
Exeter in the Supreme Court, Judge Smith
on the bench. It created great excitement.
Bramble's friends were incensed at the charge
of forgery; but Brown, too, in his humble
way, had his friends. Webster said: —
" I never in my life was more badly pre-
pared for a case. There was no evidence for
Brown, and what to do I did not know. But
I had begun the suit, and was going to run
for luck, i)erfectly satisfied that I was right.
There were Bramble and his friends, with
Mason ; and poor Brown only had his counsel.
And Mason began to sneer a little, saying,
' That is a foolish case.'
" Well, a pe»son named Lovejoy was then
living in Portsmouth ; and when there is a
great deal of litigation, as there was in Ports-
mouth and many towns in New Hampshire,
there will always be one person of a kind not
easily described, — a shrewd man who was
mixed up in all sorts of affairs. Lovejoy was
a man of this kind, and was a witness in near-
ly all the cases ever tried in that section.
He was an imperturbable witness, and never
could be shaken in his testimony. Call Love-
joy, and he would swear that he was present
on such an occasion ; and he seemed to live by
giving evidence in this way. I was getting a
little anxious about the case. I was going to
attempt to prove that Brown had been appeal-
ed to by Bramble for years to give up his bond,
and take a sum of monej-, and that he had
and I have much desired to be a partaker thousand dollars, and it is certified on your always stoutly refused; that he had no uses
with them in it. Patience and resignation 'bond." Brown was a poor shoemaker — sim-
should go hand in hand; the latter may be |ple-minded, truthful, weak,— not capable of
compared to the philosopher's stone, which is looping with this wily scamp. He was friend-
said to turn all it touches into gold; and re- less, while Bramble was a rich man. Poor
signation to the Divine will, turns every afflic- Brown did not know what to do. He had
live dispensation of Providence into real and .convinced his neighbors that he was right,
substantial good, while patience, fits and pre- He went to Jeremiah Mason, who told him
pares us to endure all evils without murmu
or complaint. I am so far from branding thy
conduct with the odious name of " cowardice,"
he was Matthew Bramble's lawyer. Mason
had asked Bramble about the matter, and the
atter had showed the bond ; and Mason prob
that I commend thy resolution, in absenting jably believed him. A friend then advised
thyself from the city, a place where all that Brown to go to Webster; and, after hearing
is dearest to thee on earth, at present are [his story, Webster was quite convinced of the
necessarily confined ; and if I am right, let me truth of Brown's statement. He had no con-
have the comfort of still enjoying the hope|fldence in Bramble. In
that 7?i!/ on?y so« will take care of his precious ; he said to me: "I knew nothing positively
life for my sake, and yet "rock the cradle of against Bramble, but something impressed
me that he was not a man of honor. I was
at once satisfied that he had committed this
aposing age.
Thy tenderly affectionate mother,
M. M.
(To be c
He that is sincerely obedient will not pick
and choose what commands to obey and what
to reject. He will lay such a charge upon
his whole man as the mother of Christ did
on the servants at the feast : " Whatsoever
He saith unto you, do it." With eyes, ears,
hands, heart, bod}'', soul, he will endeavor,
seriously and lovingly, to observe and dili-
gently do whatever Christ says unto him.
* Her residence was on the north side of Walnut, one
door below Fourth street.
fraud upon Brown, and I told the latter that
I would sue Bramble for the annuity. He
said he had nothing to give me in payment.
I said I wanted nothing. I sent Bramble a
letter, and he made his appearance in my
office.
"'I should like to know,' said he sharply,
'if you are going to take up a case of that
kind in Portsmouth. It seems to me that
you don't know on which side your bread is
buttered.'
"'This man has come to me,' I replied,
' without friends, and has told me a plain,
straightforward story ; and it sounds as if it
wore true. It is not a made-up story. I
for money, and had never been in the receipt
of money; and that he could not write and
was easily imposed upon. But although I
felt that I was right, 1 began to fear that I
should lose the case.
" A Portsmouth man, who believed in
Brown's story, came to me just before the
case was called, and whispered in my ear: 'I
saw Lovejoy talking with Bramble just now
in the entrj-, and he took a paper from him.'
I thanked the man, told him that was a pretty
important thing to know, and asked him to
say nothing about it. In the course of the
trial. Mason called Lovejoy, and he took tho
elating the story, joath. Ho went upon the stand and testified
that some eight or ten months before he was
in Brown's shop, and that Brown mended his
shoes for him. As he was sitting in the shop,
he naturally fell into conversation about the
bond, and said to Brown : ' Bramble wants
to get back the bond, — why don't you sell it
to him?' 'Oh,' said Brown, 'I have; he
wanted me to do it, and, as life is uncertain,
I thought I might as well take the thousand
dollars." He went on to testify that the
'said Brown' told him so and so; and when
he expressed himself in that way, I knew he
was being prompted from a written paper.
The expression was an unnatural one for a
man to use in ordinary conversation. It oc-
curred to me in an instant that Bramble had
given Lovejoy a paper, on which was set down
what he wanted him to testify. There sat
Mason, full of assurance, and for a moment I
12
THE FRIEND.
hesitated. I took the pen from behind my car,
drew myself up, and marched outside of the bar
to the witness stand. 'Sir!' I exclaimed to
Lovejoy, ' give me the paper from which you
arc tCvStilying !' In an instant he pulled it
out of his pocket; but before ho had it quite
out, he hesitated and attempted to put it
back. I seized it in triumph. There was his
testimony in Bramble's handwriting ! Mason
got up and claimed the protection of the court.
Judge Smith inquired the meaning of this
proceeding. I said : ' Providence protects the
innocent when they are friendless. I think
I could satisfy the court and my learned
brother, who, of course, was ignorant of this
man's conduct, that I hold in Bramble's hand
■writing the testimony of the very respectable
witness who is on the stand.' 'The court ad-
journed, and I had nothing further to do.
Mason told his client that he had better settle
the atfair as quickly as possible. Bramble
came to my office, and as he entered, I said :
'-Don't you come in here! I don't want any
thieves in my office.' 'Do whatever you
please with me, Webster,' he replied ; 'I will
do whatever you say.' 'I will do notbin
without witnesses — we must arrange this
matter.' I consulted Mason, and he said be
did not care how I settled it. So I told Bram
ble that, in the first place, there must be a
new life-bond for one hundred dollars a year,
and ample security for its payment; and that
he must also pay Brown five hundred dollars,
and my fees, which I should charge pretty
roundly. To all this he assented, and thus
the case ended.
Willing to livB Honestly.
" Pray for us," said the apostle, " for we
trust we have a good conscience, in all things
willing to live honestly." — Heb. viii. 18.
To live honestly in all things, we must first
be willing to earn our own living. God said
that man should eat his bread in the sweat of
his brow. Paul said, " If a man will not work
neither shall he eat." The man who i.s " will-
ing to live honestly" in all things, accepts
these primary conditions of existence, and re-
jecting the bread of idleness, labors, working
with his hands and with his brains, that he
may earn his daily bread. The man who is
not willing to win his bread by honest labor,
is not willing in all things to live honestly.
Again, a man who is willing in all things to
live honestly, is willing to accept such a living
as he can earn. There are very few people
who cannot live honestly, if they will be con-
tent with such a living as they can earn.
Many a man can live honestly in a cottage or
a cabin, who cannot live honestly in a costly
mansion. lie can live honestly in the quiet
countr}', when he cannot live honestly in the
roar and rush of the crowded city, lie can
live honestly by dressing himself in comfort-
able raiment, and his family in clean and
decent apparel, but ho cannot live honestly
while he robes himself in broadcloth, and
decks his wife in satins and in silks. He can
live honestly if he is willing to live on roast
potatoes and corn cakes, but he cannot live
honestly if he must fare sumptuously every
day. lie can live honestly if ho will go on
foot; he cannot live honestly if he must have
his coachman and his carriage.
The man who is willing to live honestly in
all things, is a man who sul)mitH to the neces-
sities of his position, and who limits his de-
sires and brings thom within the range of his
means. The man who resolutely determines
to do this; to live within his income, to earn
his money before he spends it, to labor dili-
gently and dispense with things which he can-
not purchase and pay for; the man who has
given up the idea that the world owes him a
living, and has set himself to earn a living,
by hard and diligent labor; the man who will
persist in such a course as this, though ho may
not be able to gratify every taste, nor follow
every fashion, nor move amid the gayety and
hollowness of a wicked and perverse genera-
tion, may yet be blessed in the enjoyment of
good health, a good conscience, a good appe
tite, and a good living. For he who livef
honestly in all things, has little fear of the
afflictions and troubles which come upon dis
honest souls, and which make the way of th
transgressor so hard. "Pray for us ; for w
trust we have a good conscience, in all things
willing to live honestly."
Selected by a Teacher.
Selected.
TRUST.
" I will lead the blind by a way they know not."
Led by a way that we know not,
Wrapped in the darkness of night,
To.'ised by the storm and blinded.
We cannot walk by sight.
Knowing and trusting onr leader,
We know that our path is right,
Child-like we follow him onwards—
Follow him into the light.
Led by a way that we know not,
A way that is thorny and steep,
Footsore already, and fainting,
Upward and onward we creep ;
One who Himself has trodden
Each step of the thorny road,
Bids us take courage and follow Him
Into the presence of God. i
Led by a way that we know not,
A dreary and desert way,
While snares encompass our footsteps.
And lions roar after their prey ;
Helpless and trembling, yet trusting,
We cling to our heavenly Guide,
For in the gathering dangers,
Safe are the weak at His .side.
Led by a way that we know not,
A way that is lonely and long.
Feeble and faint are the pilgrims.
But our Redeemer is strong.
Kept by His arm from falling.
Cheered by His words of love,
Onward we go rejoicing,
On to the mansions above. .
Led by a way that we know not,
But led by a Guide whom we know,
Let us not seek to discover
More than He pleases to show.
Step after step as we follow.
We know we are nearing our rest,
Surely the way that He leads us.
Must be, of all ways, the best.
Fowcr of a Little Child. — Yesterday after-
noon (says the San Francisco Post) two men
engaged in an angry dispute on the street,
during which one shook his fist beneath the
other's nose, and appeared to have worked
himself into a fever heat of passion. Just
then a little girl, almost an infant, who had
been going by, stopped, apparently paral-
yzed by the man's fury, moved quite close to
him, and, looking up into his face, inquired,
What makes you so tross, mister?" It was
) unexpected that the man evidently felt a
com|)lcte revolution ol' feeling. Gradually his
countenance cleared, and finally was lit up
with a smile, as ho patted the little peace-
maker's lu^ad, and remarked, as be moved
away, ignoring the other man altogether, "I
guess you're right, little pet."
Selected.
Reflections on My Forty-seventh Birthday.
How rapidly time passes! How unmind-
ful we are of its flight, or of the necessity of
being prepared to meet its close! While
youth, beauty or vigor remain, we are apt to
forget that age, weakness, death, and judg-
ment are daily approaching nearer to us.
Months and years glide away almost imper-
ceptibly, until on reflecting we discover the
clock of life hath already run more than half
its round, even should the extraordinary num-
ber of four score and four years be alloted to
us. So shortsighted is human nature; so
contented with sailing on health's smooth
surface, so prone to grasp at every templing
enjoyment presented within reach, that many
thoughtless beings have unconsciously reach-,
ed the summit of life's hill, and are day by
day descending its declining slope, without
appearing to perceive their downward journey
is liable to be much shorter and more difficult
than their ascent was.
The farther we advance on life's road, the
more rugged it appears; we feel that cherished
joys have departed, ties of kindred have been
sundered, health and strength are diminished,
debility and dependency are fast overtaking
us, and treasured recollections of ambition,
pride or avarice prove unstable anchors in the
sea of infirmities. Meekness, patience, faith,
hope, charity and forgivness, are necessary
attainments to preserve us from falling into
dangers which naturally prevail in seasons of
misfortune, affliction, or despondency, unless
the mind is firmly established upon the rock
of conscientious piety, which is the only rock
sufficiently strong to stand unmoved amidst
tempests of multiplied trials. Another year
of the time alloted to my portion has flown
away, and a review thereof clearly presents
omissions and commissions which must tar-
nish the beauty of its picture. Methinks
many fellow-pilgrims might acknowledge the
same unfaithfulness on their part, would thej'
carefully ponder their actions during that
period of time. Should this suspicion be cor-
rect, I can only recommend repentance of the
past, and an earnest endeavor to improve the
future, by devoting the remainder of our days
more fully to the Lord's service in whatever
manner He may bo pleased to require. H<s
grace, which appeareth unto every rational
mind, convinceth us bej-ond a doubt what
His requirings are; consequently unfaithful-
ness to follow its pointings in all things is the
^reat secret of much of the misery existing
imong mankind in general. God, according
to His wisdom in creating us, endowed dif-
ferent individuals with different capacities, to
be exercised in dift'erent spheres. It matters
not in what sphere we are spiritually called
to labor, it matters not how trifling or ]ie-
uliar the labor within that sphere maj' ap-
ear, the call is incumbent upon us to obey ;
and the more willingly we submit thereto,
the more easily our task is performed. Many,
far too man}-, regard the requirings of con-
nce in small things as mere trifles, un-
worthy of attention ; but to me they appear
comparable to small duties in outward busi-
ness, which every sliilful manager will admit
'I be carefully attended to, or matters of
apparently greater importance sufl'er thereby.
Inattention to small mental duties is no less
.serious in its results. The orijiiu of slander.
THE FRIEND.
13
lalico, resentment, and divers gross evils
iranii>nl_y oecarring iu every-day life, may
;Derally be traced to small offences, or neg-
jt to amend offences while they are small,
d within our power to control. A grain of
heat or a cent of money is considered by till a
ifling thing: yet none can deny it is by cai-e-
lly regarding grains and cents, that we in
Tie accumulate valuable sums of bushels and
illars ; so in like manner, a faithful ad-
srence to spiritual requirings in small things
institutes the grand basis of practical Chris-
inity. — Musings of a Blind and Partially
eaf Girl. By Mary Ann Moore.
Indian Stone Pots.
A correspondent of the New York Post,
ora Amelia Co., Va., mentions the discovery
■ a mine or quarry from which the Indians
rmerly quarried or shaped the stone pots
hich are preserved in museums.
The farm on which it is located was bought
1872 by a farmer named J. Wiggins, from
ew York State ; who in making the circuit
' his new purchase, sat down to rest on a
rge boulder. Taking out his knife, he
loughtlessly made an incision in it, and found
was soapstone. " Having an idea that it
ght prove useful, he began to excavate, and
liscovered, after going down a few feet, that
!ie superincumbent earth over the ledge had
i?idently been dug over'before, being made
p of clay, bits of stone from the ledge, traces
r charcoal, stone hatchets and fragments of
adian pottery. At the bottom of the Indian
icavation the hollows remained where the
tensils of various shape had been dug out, and
ich is the peculiarly unchangeable nature of
le stone that the rough centre or stem from
hich each was broken is as distinct to day
5 if the covering of earth and debris had
nly lately been removed and immediately
jplaced. Having no money, Wiggins has
QJy been able to make very partial excava-
ons, and these are only intended to develope
is discovery as a soapstone quarry. The
:one is a variety of steatite entirely without
lica, of tough interlocking fibre and dull
ellowish color, becoming dark gray and bard
n exposure to the atmosphere. It is soft
nd can be cut, turned or carved when first
iken from the ground, and it does not even
ull a common carpenter's hand-saw.
Wiggins began his excavation at the point
?here the Indians began theirs; this is ev'
ent by the accumulation and the kind of
npleraents found there, as well as by the
3ast perfect work. It seems that they work
d in large numbers, from the fact that Gene
al Hundley's farm was evidently a vast camp,
ver which the pottery was distributed to
e finished, and over which are still scat
3red fragments of incomplete utensils and
he tools with which they were fashioned.
0 far the quari-y, as worked by the Indians,
as been shown to be at least an acre in ex-
ent. Having no shovels with which to throw
ut the six or seven feet of clay, they seem
3 have simply thrown it back behind them
s they advanced, so that at different points
rhere they finally left off' work there remain
epressions, while around them the surface is
3vel with the surrounding land, though full
f fragments of pottery aud tools down to th
urface of the rock.
Judging from the accumulation of mould
ver the excavated earth as well as from the
ize of the trees now standing over the exact
spot of their apparently latest workings, it I
was abandoned some three hundred and fifty
years ago. They evidently began work with
their stone hatchets or tomahawks of kyanite,^
very hard and brittle. These, with the blades
broken, were found only at the place where
they are supposed to have begun work. They
then seem to have brought crystals of quartz
from every out-cropping ledge in the sur-
rounding country — specimens of each are to
be found in the quarry — and picks of granite,
necessarilj' from a great distance. They final-
ly seem to have selected the crystals of quariz
from a ledge about a mile oft', which, no mat-
ter how broken, ahvays present points well
suited for digging out pots. Many pieces are
flat on one side, and rounded on the other,
with a sharp edge, making a natural tool of
the best shape for hollowing out the inside of
a pot. The whole surface of the quarry lodge,
so far as excavated, is covered over with the
projections or stems from which the pots
were broken and the hollows from which they
were dug. The Indians seem to have first
dug out a pot right side up, finishing the in-
side first, and then digging around it, leaving
a stem at the bottom, and breaking it off liy
a blow from a maul made by heating a piece
of the stone in a fire to harden it. The ex-
cavation necessary to get the first pot out left
the rounded form for the bottom of another.
One specimen now in the Smithsonian Insti-
tution is oblong, two feet one inch long by
thirteen inches wide and eight inches deep,
with handles at each end. Hollows remain
whore pots have been taken out holding many
gallons, some of them round and two feet
wide, and the specimens and fragments found
range all the way from this size down to those
of drinking cups the size of a teacup, one of
which was found at a spring near by.
This quarry is less than a mile distant from
the Richmond and Danville Railroad, and
only thirty miles southwest of Richmond."
For " The Friend
Separation in the Western Yearly Meeting.
(Concluded from page 4.)
The longest of the series of articles in the
" British Friend," bears the title " Judge righte-
ous Judgment," and criticises an article signed
W. P. S. that appeared in a previous number
of that journal.
From the article criticized, E. F. quotes the
query, whether "it will tend more to the
glory of God, or be better for us as a people,
for any to become discouraged because of
some changes in the loorkmgs of the Church, or
deviations from some of the teachings and prac-
tices, and withdraw from it either individually
or in a body than to remain at their posts,
and labor faithfully as the Lord gives ability
not only for the preservation but for the
building up of the Church." On this he ob-
serves. " Why did he not say in accordance
with the fact, because of an abandonment of
some of its vital or fundamental principles? from
which legitimately follows the train of de-
partures in practice which he so justly enumer-
ates, a result which was clearly seen, and
foretold by some of those faithful worthies
who first saw, and loithin the pale of the So
ciety testified against those sad departures
from our ancient and well-established princi-
ples on the part of some occupying high sta-
tions in the Society. They did not withdraw
from it, but labored within it, as advised by
W. P. S. Now mark the result, they were
blamed, they were censured as disturbers of
the peace of the Church, as having no interest
in the Society, and as deserving none of its
privileges, as caring for nothing but to pull
down and destroy. Some were harassed by
committees for years, and finally disowned ;
all on account of their faithful labors in the
ability afforded, 'just as they believed the
Lord required' for the preservation of the
Church. This in New England Yearly Meet-
ing years ago — and recently we have seen it
repeated in that of Indiana. So while such
are censured for -withdrawing, if they remain
they are thrust out if faithful in testifying
against erroneous principles and practices
which they see coming in. Is it str.ingein
view of all this, and of the fact, that London
Yearly Meeting has turned its back on Bar-
clay, and virtually endorsed the unsound and
heterodox views of some modern authors,
that Friends concerned for the preservation
of the Society on its original ground of princi-
ple and practice should become discouraged,
and ready to give up all hope of successful
labor within its pale?
"The whole scope and tenor of the article
under review is to enjoin silence on the part of
those Friends who feel concerned and alarmed
for the safety of the Society on its original
ground, and to recommend their continuing
to remain in it without testifying against
what they believe and see and feel to bo
wrong ; thus becoming responsible for all that
is passing therein, as very many have done
and are doing— a course which, if persevered
in, can scarcely fail ultimately to land the So-
ciety on the same ground from whence our
forefathers first took their departure. All
that was said by our Lord and his apostles in
regard to Church government, goes to prove
that it is not onl}' the prerogative, but the
duty of the Church in some way to free itself
from disorderly walkers, and from those who
depart from its doctrines. Hence, if those
professing Quakerism become corrupt and
change the doctrines and practices of the So-
ciety, they who remain firm to the ancient
Christian views professed by all sound Friends
must separate from the others and disown fel-
lowship with them if the latter cannot be re-
claimed. This view is fully sustained by
Robert Barclay,* as follows: — After quoting
Gal. i. 8, 1 Tim. i. 19, 20, 2 John 10, he then
says —
"(Page 514.) 'These scriptures are so plain
and clear in themselves as to this purpose,
that they need no great exposition to the un-
biassed and unprejudicate reader. For, see-
ing it is so, that in the true church there may
men arise and speak perverse things, contrary
to the doctrine and gospel already received,
what is to be the place of those that hold the
pure and ancient truth ? Must they look upon
these perverse men still as their brethren ?
Must they cherish them as fellow members;
or must they judge, condemn, and deny them?
We must not think the Apostle wanted chari-
ty, who will have them accursed; and that
gave Hymenseus and Alexander over to Satan,
after that they had departed from the true
faith, that they might learn not to blaspheme.'
* * * (Page 515.) 'If the Apostles of
Christ, of old, and the preachers of the ever-
lasting Gospel in this day, had told all people,
however wrong they found them in their
faith and principles, 'Our charity and love is
* In his Anarchv of the Renters.
14
THE FRIEND.
such, we dare not judge you, nor separate from
you? but let us all live in love together, and
every one enjoy his own opinion, and all will
be well ;' how should the nations have been?
Or what way now can they be brought to
truth and righteousness ? Were such a prin-
ciple to be received or believed, that in the
church of Christ no man should be separated
from, no man condemned or excluded the fel
lowship and communion of the body, for his
judgment or opinion in matter of faith, then
what blasphemies so horrid, what heresies so
damnable, what doctrines of devils, but might
be harbored in the Church of Christ? What
need then of sound doctrine, if no doctrine
make unsound? What need of convincing
and exhorting gain sayers, if to gainsay be no
crime? Where should the unity of the faith
be? Were not this an inlet to all manner of
abomination ? And to make void the whole
tendency of Christ and his Apostles' doctrine?
And render the Gospel of none eifect? And
give a liberty to the inconstant and giddy
will of man to innovate, alter, and overturn
it at his pleasure? So that from all that is
above-mentioned, we do safely conclude, that
where a people are gathered together into
the belief of the principles and doctrines of
the G-ospel of Christ, if any of that people shall
go from their principles, and assert things false
and contrary to what they have already re-
ceived ; such as stand and abide firm in the
faith, have power, by the Spirit of God, after
they have used Christian endeavors to con-
vince and reclaim them, upon their obstinacy,
to separate froyn such, and to exclude them from
their spiritual fellowship and communion ;
for othervvays, if this be denied, farewell to
all Christianity, or to the maintaining of any
sound doctrine in the Church of Christ.'
" What can be clearer or more to the purpose
than the foregoing sentiments of this eminent
writer and 'Apologist,' for the Society? Yet
all know that Barclay was pre eminently the
friend of good order, well knowing from what
root it springs — even from pure principles
and sound doctrine ; and when these are do-
parted from by large numbers, disorder and
confusion ensue. This whole argument a^ams<
separation under any circumstances is a recur-
rence to the principle of majorities, a principle
never recognized by Friends in their system
of Church government. And it is a lamenta-
ble truth that they who sustain the Society
in its ancient faith, and in opposition to an
organization which, having passed into cor-
rupt hands is made an instrument of oppres-
sion and a means of promulgating and estab-
lishing error, are very unjustly stigmatized
as separatists, being in reality the true So-
ciety of Friends as was maintained in the
Hicksite times.
"The writer has been informed by a Friend
who was present at the Yearly Meeting of New
York in 1828, that after Friends had left the
liouse and had assembled in another place, con-
siderable uneasiness was felt and expressed
by some on account of their proceedings and
position, which it was appreiicnded might
look too much like separation. After con-
siderable expression in this lino a prominent
Friend present from Philadelphia rose and
said in substance that they are the separatists
who separate themselves from the doctrines and
testimonies of the Society, whether they be few or
many, and tliis view appeared to strike Friends
as the correct one, and to bo accejilcd as sat-
isl'actory. And to this point, argue the (|ues-
tion as we may, it must come at last ; or other-
wise the Society becomes extinct when even
a ruling majority depart from its principles
and control its acts, unless we take the no
less absurd position that a body which has re-
pudiated the well known principles of the
Society, adopted new ones, and converted the
discipline into an instrument of oppression
and misrule, may nevertheless be the legiti-
mate Society of Friends."
Wonders of Mccliauism.
One of the most remarkable sights at the
great Paris Exposition was a mammoth toy,
about which crowds were always gathered.
The first glance took in merely a rock some
twelve feet high, about which, in a very
tangle of weird beaut}', were growing mosses
and ferns, lichens, parasites and creeping
things generallj'. Then, from one side of the
huge rock was seen a tiny silvery spring,
reminding the beholder of God's care for His
people in the wilderness, when, at His com-
mand, "Moses smote the rock, and the waters
gushed out and followed the Israelites." But,
while the visitor stopped to view the myriads
of gold and silver fish that gleamed and gam-
boled like shining arrows in the clear waters
of the pond, he was startled by the spring of
a huge Newfoundland dog, who placed him-
self in full view of the crowd, as if courting
attention. He rolled his eyes, opened wide
his fierce jaws, showing a tongue and teeth
that made many a beholder shudder and stand
back. Then ho barked — not angrily, but a
good, honest bark of courteous welcome to his
master's guests, who helped to fill the mas
ter's pockets with francs to buy food ; and
" Carlos" looked, with his frisky airs, as if he
meant to have his full share of the feast.
Next came the sound of music — a strange,
wild tatoo, just over the people's heads, and
looking up, they savv a cunning little hare,
sitting perched upon a huge boulder of the
rock, and playing on a drum. Faster and
faster each moment flew the tiny paws, and
wilder with each stroke became the strange
music, till it suddenlj' ceased with a wild
shriek, as a huge, grinning baboon, with open
fore-paws and rolling eyeballs, made his ap-
pearance on one side, at the same moment that
a juvenile shepherd entered on the other. In
the distance was seen a dainty little maiden,
to whom the shepherd bowed and smiled,
while he raised his flute and played softly
and sweetl}', till interrupted by the jibes and
fierce drumming of the hideous baboon, who
seemed determined to drown the flute's soft
melodies. Both seemed intent on winning a
smile from the demure little damsel, who sat
with downcast eyes, bestowing not so much
as a glance on either.
Suddenly all became quiet, the strange
pantomino ended, and the crowd learned, to
their amazement (if they had not seen it
before), that they had been watching only an
automaton. A very amusing one certainly,
but only stone figures after all, that wore
moved by springs, wound up like a clock, and
set agoing, and then stopped just as does a
clock or a watch when it has " run down." So
lifelike were both figures and motions, that
the observer could hardly realize that he was
gazing only at a machine, even after he had
found out the illusion. The rock was of
course an artificial one, and the springs were
all inside; while this wondei-ful piece of mech-
anism could be taken to jiieces and moved
about almost as readily as a soldier's tet|'.
The only real live things about it were tl
fish; all the rest^the lady and shepherd, b
boon, hare and dog — were stone ; and neith
their motions nor music were acts of volitio
any more than is the running or striking
a clock.
Now, do you think this curious combin
tion of works and springs, all working t
gether so harmoniously, and carrying oi
so perfect a system of design, made itsel
Would you not think one very silly, wl
would say it had no maker, but got togeth'
by chance? Then can it be possible th;
whole systems of worlds, sun, moon and star
trees and flowers, birds, beasts and fishes, an
above all, man with his immortal soul, h
volition and consciousness, were formed wit;
out a Creator? The Bible tells us, " Evei
house has some builder, but He who built s
things is God;" and remember it is only "tl
fool" who " saith in his heart, There is j
God."— i^. R. F., in Little Gleaner.
For "The Friend:
Letter of John Thorp to Francs JDodshon.
Sth month 23rd, 1778.
* * * * The Lord's ways are not oi
ways, His thoughts are not our thoughts ; oi
day with Him is "as a thousand years, ar
a thousand years as one day." The depth
the designs, the concealed mercy in His varit
dispensations, when his way is in the thic
darkness, are beyond our comprehension ; b
this we know, that with Him there is "i
variableness, neither shadow of turning
that having loved His own. He loveth the
to the end ; that through whatsoever sutFe
ings, tribulations, or conflicts, He may
pleased to lead His chosen ones, that it is H
good pleasure to give them the kingdon
that He is greater than all, and none shall I
able to pluck them out of His hand.
Be not then, my dear friend, discour
when the enemy may be permitted to siftai
to bufl^et thee ; endeavor to stand still in the
times of trial, and in the Lord's time He w
lift up an effectual standard against him, at
cause thee afresh to experience His compli
salvation. Deepl}' have the most dignified
all the children of God often been tried ; oftt
led in paths of unutterable humiliation
abasement, in the course of their purificatioi
yet were none that ever trusted in the Lor
and abode in His fear, confounded or forsake
Whom hath He ever prepared for a habitatic
with Hiin in glor}', who have not measurabi
drunk of this cup, and been baptized with thi
baptism? "I am a worm, and no man;
have not the spirit of a man ; " I am forgoitt
as a dead man out of mind ; 1 am like
broken vessel," is a language in which all tl
redeemed of our God have been more or le.
instructed. " Are ye able to drink of the ci
that I shall drink of, and to be baptized wit
the baptism that I am baptized with ?'
the very query proposed by our blessed Loi
to the two disciples who were emulous of
situation at His right and loft hand in glor
* * * "Father, if this cup may not pa
from mo, except I drink it, thy will be done
Oh the perfection of this state! wherein
choice is formed, no desire arises, no prayo
are offered up, but what arc circumscribi
by, and centre in, " not my will, but thine I
done." It is to reduce us to, or rather, rail
us into this state, that all the varied turnin;
of His holy hand and the dispensations
THE FRIEND.
15
jis providence are directed ; and then, in this
ate, whether we are calleil to unite in the
^sanna to our adorable Redeemer, or go with
jim over the brook Cedron, and with Him
7eat great drops of sorrow, we are equally
ceptable unto Him. It is to this state all
ings are equally sanctified, whether it be to
ign or to suffer with Him ; whether the
brth or south wind blows upon it, the spices
^ually flow out, and ascend as incense, equal-
' acceptable unto the God of heaven and of
iB whole earth.
I * * * How canst thou think, my dear
iend, at any time, that thou art finally for-
,ken or forgotten of God, though in un-
larehable wisdom, He sees meet to hide his
ce, at seasons, from thee? Is God uurighte-
is ? do His compassions ever fail ? are not
is promises sure ? and doth He not strictl}^
iep his covenant? Hath Ho not delivered
It of si.N: troubles, and is His arm shortened ?
ath He vouchsafed, in unutterable love,
draw thj' soul after Him in infant years,
id to reveal Himself unto thee, to be the
ay of thy youth, the God of thy life, and
ill He now forsake thee? He is the same
!e ever was when thy soul was first ravished
ith Him, and He became to th(!e" the chiefest
nong ten thousand." His regard, His love,
16 }'earuing of His bowels, are as much as
7er towards thee; and, as He hath voucli-
ifed to be thy morning light, and the stay
' thy youth, so will He be thy evening song,
id the statf of thy old age.
Endeavor then, my dear friend, to cast out
I discouragements and puinful doubtings,
id let thy hope, thy trust, thj- only expecta-
on be from Him ; and though thou mayst
sem cast out from His sight, yet, let thy
loking be towards His holy temple; and in
lis own time He will give thee the desire of
ly heart, and thou shalt yet praise Him on
le banks of dtdiverance, and tell of His won-
ers in the deep, who is a God, infinite in
ower, wisdom and love; whose "mercy en-
areth forever," and of whose loving kind-
eas there is no end. John Thorp.
Syria — A BlindColporteiir. — Professor Lewis,
F Beirut, sends the following statement :
In the districts of the Lebanon, near Beirut,
have employed a blind colporteur, who has
one most excellent work. He has not sold
lany books, but what he has sold have gone
ito the hands of persons whom missionary
iflueuces do not reach. He has copies of
lose portions of the Scriptures which have
een published in raised characters for the
lind. With these in a saichel and led by a
uide he goes to all quarters and all sects.
[e finds access to Druzes, Moslems, and the
lost bigoted Maronites. Even the priests
re willing to see the wonder (a blind man
sading with his fingers), and so are com-
elled to hear. For instance, he visits a
illage and is invited to give a reading at
ame house, perhaps the dwelling of the prin-
ipal man of the village. In order to test the
Jind man it is necessary that some one have
Bible for comparison as he reads. This is fur-
ished, and a chapter selected by the shiekh
r leading man. The blind colporteur finds
he same in his book and begins to finger the
aised letters and read. Now he is not the
lan to read and not call attention to the
?ords and evident meaning. He reads some-
imes until midnight, the room becoming more
,nd more crowded. — Btble Society Record.
Sard Times the Best for Young Men Just
Starting. — Young men coming upon the stage
of active life during the present hard times
are much more likely to be permanently suc-
cessful than those who made their advent in
business during the period of inflation, of high
prices and of fiibulous nominal profits. The
great reason of this is that the young men
who begin now, from necessity, form their
business management and personal habits on
principles of rigid economy. These, in the
long run, tell so powerfully as to make, in
many cases, the dift'erence between failure
and success.
Men who began when everything was at
the top find it very embarrassing to come
down and adapt themselves and their busi-
ness to the times that try men's purses, as
war is said to try their souls ; whereas, those
who commence when economy is the order
of the day experience no diflieulty whatever
in starting upon an economical basis, and
once started, it will be easy to adhere to it.
So that for young men just embarking for
themselves, we may almost assert the para-
dox that bad times are the best. — Churchman.
A poetical divorce between poetry and
piety may take place; and though no direct
war be proclaimed against religion — as in
Lucretius — a pious man feels a sort of want
in the effusion of ])oets of this defective type,
somewhat as if one were to walk through
Windsor Palace ami see splendid traces of
everything but the Queen. — Prof. Blackie.
There is a dark, and also a bright side to
every providence, as there was to the fiery
cloudy pillar that guided God's people of old
in the desei^t. Nature looks on the dark side,
and calls it sorrow and sadness; but faith
sees the sun dispersing the darkness, and calls
it by the name of joy. — H. Bonar.
THE FRIEND.
EIGHTH MONTH 24, 187S.
The Psalms and other portions of the Holy
Scriptures contain many precious promises
and assurances of the greatness of the Divine
love and mercy ; that the Lord watches over
his people, and helps them out of all their dis-
tresses ; that though the young lion may lack
and suffer hunger, yet they that fear the Lord
shall not want any good thing ; that his name
is a strong tower into which the righteous
may run and find safety.
We doubt not that such passages have b
a source of consolation to thousands of the
honest-hearted from the day they were ut
tereddown to the present time; and that they
will continue to strengthen the faith and re
vive the courage and drooping spirits of the
Lord's exercised and tried people in future
ages. Yet there is a condition, expressed
implied, attached to all these promises, which
we must not overlook. It is the 7neek, whom
the Lord will guide in judgment, the humble
that He will teach of his waj-s, those who
/lunger and thirst after righteousness that shall
be filled, those who cry to the Lord that h(
hears and delivers out of their distresses. I
we would receive the manifold mercies and
blessings which the Lord is ready to pour out
lupon us, we must open our hearts to let Him
enter ; we must submit ourselves to the work-
ings of His Holy Spirit within us ; and joining
therewith, must know our own %vill brought
nto subjection; and being thus grafted into
the true Vine, experience the growth in us of
purity and hoUness.
The humble penitent, the sincere seeker
after Heaven, may safely trust to the mercy
of his Heavenly Father, who for our sakes
spared not his own Son, and who with Him,
will freely give us all things necessary. But
he who still clings to bis own selfish propen-
sities, who retains the government of his con-
duct in his own hands, and who is not willing
to take the Lord for his Judge, Lawgiver and
King — cannot, in this state, appropriate the
promises which are made to those in another
mental condition, without self-deception and
spiritual blindness.
OMISSION.
In the List of Agents published last week,
the name of Samuel Shaw, New Waterford,
Columbiana Co., Ohio, was inadvertently
omitted.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United Wtates. — The condition of the national
finances has been a source of general congratulation at
recent Cabinet meetings. It is thought the Treasury
will proceed very rapidly to call in the 5-20 bonds;
subscriptions to the four per cent, loan are gratifying,
and the employes of the loan branch department have
not for a long time been more actively engaged in re-
cording subscriptions and performing clerical work re-
lating to the Government loans, than at present. The
impression still exists that the minor gold coins will
soon be paid from the Treasury in the ordinary course
of business. The coin balance records show an increase
of coin in the Treasury. The currency balance, includ-
ing the ten millions fractional currency redemption
fund, shows at comparatively very low figures.
The statistics of our foreign commerce for the year
ending 6th mo. 30th, 1878, show an excess of exports
over imports of $2.57,800,000. Prior to 1873, the bal-
ance of trade was largely against us, ranging from $39,-
000,000 to $182,000,000. Since 1875, imports have
fallen off, while exports have greatly increased.
The anthracite coal trade is said to present a better
outlook than at any time this year. The demand for
coal is good, and the orders greater than can be filled
by the companies during the present month.
A powder magazine on Mount Hope, one mile from
Pottsville, containing 27,000 pounds of blasting powder,
was exploded by lightning on the 17th inst., two per-
sons were killed, and several seriously injured.
The Pittsburg wagon works, in Pittsburg, occupying
a whole block, were destroyed by fire on the evening of
the 16th inst.
Austin, Nevada, was visited on the loth by a " cloud
burst," which flooded the business portion of the town,
causing losses estimated at $100,000.
Kansas has increased her population over 1.50,000
during the year ending 6th mo. 30th, and over two
million acres of government land were taken up.
Reports from the South indicate a rapid spread of
yellow fever. During the past week there have been
509 new cases in New Orleans, and 140 deaths.
The statements of mortality issued by the Board of
Health of this city, show that during the seven months
of this year the total number of deaths has been 9,348.
Of these 207 were from typhoid fever ; scarlet fever,
352 ; diphtheria, 246 ; cholera infiintum, 422. For the
past week there have been 353 deaths. In New York
during the same period 509.
Markets, etc. — American gold lOOf. U. S. sixes,
1881, 1071- ; 5-20 coupons, 1865, 102i; do. 1867, 105} ;
do. 1868, 108 ; new .5's, 106J ; new ^ per cents, 105 ;
new 4 per cents, 101.
Cotton quiet and firm at 12} a 12| cts.
Petroleum, 8i- a Sh cts. for crude in barrels, and lOJ
for refined.
Flour and Meal.— Flour market is firm, with a steady
demand for all choice descriptions. Minnesota extra
family, $5 a $6 for low, and $7 for choice. Penna. and
western, $5 a $5.50. Rye flour, $2.75 a $3. Corn
meal, $2.75 per barrel.
16
THE FRIEND.
Grain.— Wheat is in good demand— red, SI a $1.05 ;
amber $1.06 a $1.08, and white, $1.10 a $1.15. Rye,
65 a 58 cts. Corn, 46 a 52 cts. per bushel, as to con-
dition and quality. Oats, 31 a 33 cts. per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts., and
mixed, 40 a 55 cts. per 100 pounds. Straw, 40 a 50 cts.
per 100 pounds.
England. — Parliament was prorogued on the 16th
until the 2d of lEleventh month. The Queen, in her
speech, attributes the pacific solution of difficulties in
the East, largely to the support of Parliament, and be-
lieves that the peace concluded by the Congress of
Berlin will be satisfactory and durable. The independ-
ence of Turkey has been secured, the integrity of her
territory guaranteed, and reforms in her administration
pledged by a defensive convention between her Majesty
and the Sultan, in accordance with which Cyprus has
been occupied by British forces. The Queen praises
the spirit and alacrity of the land and naval forces, and
refers with especial gratification to the condition of the
Indian army and the loyal attitude of the Indian
princes.
The Queen declares that her relations with all the
foreign powers continue friendly. The speech con-
cludes with reference to supplies and internal legisla-
tion.
The writer of a paper recently read before the British
Iron and Steel Association, estimates that 30,204,000
tons of iron rails have been laid down during the last
ten years, and that the quantity required for repairs is
3,020,400 tons; for new lines, &c., 1,000,000 tons. The
writer estimates the current production of rails is 2,745,-
000 tons, 879,000 tons of which are produced in the
United States. This shows a deficiency of production
of 1,365,000 tons. That orders for that amount have
not been given, is attributed to that economy or neces-
sity which has forced railroad companies to postpone
repairs as long as possible, and somewhat to the substi-
tution of steel rails, which are more durable. These
statistics are regarded as encouraging to the iron in-
terests.
An official statement of the public debt of Great
Britain gives the following figures: Funded debt of the
United Kingdom £710,843,007, and the unfunded debt
£20,603,000; capital value of terminable annuities in
3 per cent, stock, £46,336,589, and the deficits due to
the .savings banks and friendly societies on the 20th of
11th month, 1877, £4,386,308 5s.
The cattle bill recently reported to Parliament shows,
that during the first six months of the present year, 87,-
700,000 pounds of fresh meat, valued at about #5,000,-
000, was imported inio England; of living cattle there
were more than 106,000, valued at nearly J10,000,000,
and more that half a million sheep and swine, the total
value being nearly j-15,000,000.
During the year 1877, 1175 persons were killed and
3705 injured by railroad accidents in Great Britain.
At Bristol on the 16th, 2000 cotton operatives struck.
The recent elections in Alsace and Lorraine show an
increase of the moderate party, and a decline of the
irreconcilables.
A bill for the purpose of preventing the spread of
objects. Tl... ...,„,
are declared cuEupi
this law. Appeal
Imperial Bureau t(
sidering questions
press. Thf ,■.■111,;,
of ihel'V.lcr;,! ('.,.
the German Federal
II . meetings and publ
; lie or Communistic
il' ilie Federal States
. iili all offences against
■ Ircisions will be I
or the purpose of
iiililic meetinc;s and the
RECEIPTS.
Received from Edward Sharpless, N. J., $2.10, vol.
52; from John W. Ililyard, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from
William Hill, Me., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Jacob P. Jones,
City, $2, vol. 52 ; from Martha Sankey, Pa., $2.10, vol.
52; from Charles L. Willits, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from
William C. Ivins and Mary DeCou, N. J., $2.10 each,
vol. 52; from Joseph N. Taylor, Ind., $2.10, vol. 52;
from Josiah Fawcett, O., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Richard
B. Fawcett, Robert Miller, Phebe Ellyson and Ann
Fawcett, $2.10 each, vol. 52 ; from Eraeline E. Hilyard,
N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Levi I. Hoopes, Pa., $2.10,
vol. 52 ; from William Bettles, 111., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from
Walker Moore, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from John Carey,
O., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Seth Compton, Cornelius
Douglass, Jacob ISarrett and Jordan Ballard, $2.10
each, vol. 52 ; from Elizabeth Hunt, O., $2.10, vol. 52;
from Matilda Warner, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from Susan-
nah Marriott, N. Y., *2.10, vol. 52; from George
Sharpless, Agent, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Morris
Cope, Maria Pusey, Margaret Maule, Isaac Good, J.
Borton Hayes, Hannah N. Harry, Margaretta J. Mer-
cer and Joshua Sharpless, $2.10 each, vol. 52 ; from
Joseph Scattergood, Agent, Pa., for Mary H. Parke,
Sarah Yarnall, Elizabeth S. Thomas, Eusebius H.
Townsend, Alfred Embree, Rachel E. Woodward, Wil-
liam P. Townsend, Thomas Thorp, S. Emien Sharpless,
Mary Ann Newlin, Philena S. Yarnall, Price Z. Sup-
plee, and Sarah Pennell, $2.10 each, vol. 52, and
Susanna S. Thomas, $2.10, to No. 31, vol. 53 ; from
Isaac Hall, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from David Heston,
Fkfd., $2.10, vol. 52, and for William Nuby, Colorado,
j^2.10, vol. 52 ; from Mary Kaighn, for Ann Kaighn,
Amos Evens and Jo.seph K. Evens, N. J., $2.10 each,
vol. 52 ; from Sarah A. Cope, O., $2.10, vol. 52; from
Caleb P. Haines and Samuel Haines, N. J., ^2.10 each,
vol. 52 ; from Jeremiah Foster, R. I., $2.10, vol. 52 ;
from Stephen M. Trimble, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52, and for
John Wetherill, and Dr. Samuel Trimble, $2.10 each,
and Ann M. Wetherill, $2, vol. 52 ; from Edward
Whitacre, Pa., ^^2.10, vol. 52 ; from Benjamin Sheppard,
N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Penington Kiteley, Canada,
$2, to No. 1.3, vol. 52; from Thomas Satterthwaite and
Sarah Satterthwaite, Pa., $2.10 each, vol. 62; from
Samuel Mason, City, $2, vol. 52, and for Sarah Mason,
City, $2, and Jonas Edge, Kansas, $2.10, vol. 52 ; from
George Sharpless, Pa., i2, vol. 52, and for Lewis Sharp-
less, lo., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Joel Wilson,- Agent, N. J.,
$2.10, vol. 52, and for Ruth A. Harned and Isaac C.
Stokes, $2.10 each, vol. 52; from Lettice Evans, N. J.,
$2.10, vol. 52; from John D. Harrison, Pa., $2.10, vol.
52; from William Windle, Pa., $2.20, vol.52; from
Hannah Hofi"man, W. Philada., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from
Joseph Elkinton, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Elizabeth
H. Eddy, Mass., a?2.10, vol. 52; from Lydia Ann Hen-
drickson, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52 : from Royal Woodward,
N. Y., $2.10, vol. 52; from Elizabetb D. Meredith and
.SmIH..' r. n..i.i>es. Pa., per Susan T. Hoopes, $2.10 each,
vol. 52; from Samuel Sliaw, Agent, O., *2.10 vol. 52,
and for James Heald, Barak Ashton, Job Hnestis,
Rachel Cope, Levi Boulton, Mifflin Cadwalader, Joseph
Taylor, Nathan M. Blackburn, Hannah Blackburn,
Jonathan Blackburn. Abner Allraon, Benjamin Harri-
son and Sarah \V. (lilliL-il, ()., $2.10 each, vol. 52, and
for Francis Bartlrv, Mirli., ?2.1U, to No. 22, vol. 53;
from Deborah llii|ikiii<, ('itv, !-2.10, vol. 52; from
Phebe C. P;u-krr, l':i., -J. In, vol. 52 : tVom Mary Allen,
City, $-1. vol. .VJ ; 111, .11 l:,lhri- S. I'rirket, N. J., $2.10,
vol. 52; 11111,1 \Villi;nii ('. lUi/l.v, .\. .1., $2.10, vol. 52;
from \\illi:Mii M;iil,i,-k,Srii,, .\. .1 ., S'J, III, vol. 52; from
.lulm Hi, III!]., N..I .,-•_:, Ill, VI. I.. "iii 1111.1 lui- Jane IVCoii,
N. .1,, mill \l:irv ,1. il-iw.n, M,l., Sl'. 1 II nirli, im.l 1,11, 'V
the streets, restrict the sale or possession of anus, ami
expel unemployed persons.
MOORESTOWN ACADEMY
Will be opened 9th mo. 2d, under the care of Chester
Monthly Meeting of Friends, for children of both sexes.
Richard T. Cadbury, Principal.
Anna Woolman, Assistant.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A well qualified woman is wanted to take the sitna
tion of Nurse In llu- I;..v,s' Drparlmcnt.
Appii....;.., i:,,. I.. ,,•,.,1...,,
An: V [ [ . .,vn, Chester Co., Pa.
^-'1 ' I I Iload, " " "
I III.' i .11 I; In. 1. 1 , 11 i.i 1.1 II li, -ill New Jersey.
Eli/,;,lulh K, F.v.iis, 202 S. Front St., Philada.
.Joshin i,ill..M. I Hill I'liiv, .l.,liii I-'. ,<hMll..ii, .!„..
Win.Ki, iiii.l ll.iiiv Chirk, .t;2. 10 each, v..l. .VJ ; fi
Sarah C. (Jaskell, N. J., J-2.10, vol. 52; from .1
Thompson, Del., $2.10, vol. 52; from Sanili llo..
Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from George Spencer and Clin
T. Lukens, Pa., $2.11) each, vol. 52 : fniin K/,ia I'.ii
N. J., S-J.lll, v., I. .-,-■ iVom M:,,v H, n,.:ii,.ni, N..I.,
Samurl I: l,,r.|-, --.In, v.il. VJi'lV .Ii.hn M.Sini
O., $2.]n. v.. I. ;._•; r..r i:ii,..,l.,il, l;. l;..,l,.||, l,,., .^Jjn.
vol.52; li r..iii,i,iiiii W. I'.L-Muur.., Wc.ltowii, .^.1,
vol. -"I'J, 1 . i.|.i. ,, ,111.1 r.,r ,--;ir,ili W. I'assmore, WaUsou
W. n. «.■.-. ( .( .iil.y r.ilil, i-i,,n, Thomas K. Brown,
Anne Knl.l.i Ilh, Aiiii^liii |ilrsH, Edwin Thorp, Charles
Potts, Kirhani W. Ihillim, and Lewis Forsvthe. $2
each, vnl. .",2, imil lor Amnnda (lalliiaoiv, ( )"., $2,10,
vol.52; n-nm llaiiiiiih ('. Wills, N. J., ^2.1(1, vol. 52 ;
from Nancy B. Hutfijiton, Mass., S2.ll), vol. 52 ; from
N. Rhoads, We-sttown, $2, and Eliza A. Somer.s, N.
$2.10, vol. 52 ; from Sarah Ann Cox, N. J., $2.10, v
Bemiltaiwes received after Fourth-day morning will
appear in the Receipts until the following week.
HADDONFIELD ACADEMY,
Under the care of Haddonfield Monthly Meeting, w
open on the 2nd of Ninth mouth, 1878, for boys ai
girls. A few boarders will be taken. Apply to
CHARLE.S W. Ryder, Principal,
Haddonfield, New Jersey.
The Y'early Meetings Committee on Education ha-
appointed Richard J. Allen, No. 119 Arch St., Phil
delphia, to receive applications from teachers wantit
situations, and committees or others who desire t
ploy teachers among Friends.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Committee on Instruction of Westtown Boardit
School meet at Philadelphia in the Committee-room i
Arch street, on Seventh-day, the 24th inst., at 10 A. j
MALVERN BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL
The next school year will commence on the 9th
Ninth month. For circular, address
Jane M. Eldridge, box 35, Malvern, Pa.
A well qualified Teacher wishes a situation
Friends School, in city or couniry.
Inquire "at the Office of " The Friend."
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
The.se schools, under the care of the three Monthi
Meetings of Friends in this city, will re-opeu on Secon
day, Ninth mo. 2d, 1878.
A limited number of children, not members of o
religious Society, will now be admitted to these schoo
whose parents desire to have them educated in accor
aiice with our rules.
The attention of Friends residing in the city and i
neighborhood is particularly invited to them. Tl
terms are moderate, and Friends belonging to Phil
delphia Y'early Meeting, sending children to the
schools, (also members), who may find the charg,
burdensome, can be fully relieved.
The principal schools will open for the next ten
under the care of John H. Dillingham and Margar
Lightfoot, as Principals, both successful teachers
many years' experience. Opportunities will here
aflorded of obtaining a liberal education in u.sef
branches of study, and in the Latin, Greek and Fr
languages. Facilities for illustration are afforded by
valuable collection of philosophical and chemical a
paratus, minerals, and Auzoux's models of parts of tl
human system, &c.
In the primary schools the children are well groun.
ed in studies of a more elementary character.
Further information may be obtained upon applic
tion to the Treasurer of the Committee,
James Smedley, No. 415 Market St.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third IFor./.i IVuh,.lr!i,/,;n
Physician and Superintendent — Jouxl'. II m,i,,.M,
Applications for the Admission of I'aticnis mny I
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board i
Miuia.-.-i's. I
h, :it Highland, New York, on the 23d of 7
, 1S7S, .loiiN Boadle, a member of lladdonfio;
ly .\Kciing, New Jersey, in the 7 Ith year of 1 1
lie WHS a man of a meek ami t'Inisiian spir
altailK-d lo tlie principles of Friends; and It {
iisiiliii}; lulief of his friends that he
eaVL-nly rest.
, at his nsiilence, Rancocas, N. J., 7th nio. 2St
DiMiT \VTt,i,s, in the 76tli year of his age,
1 ml ..\ i^icr of Burlington Monthly and Ka
Meeting. He was warinlv attach
" ■ ... % gj^j.
1.V
Ahli.
his friom
Mount
ic consoling belief lli.ii In . . n
Eighth month 3d. ls:s, .i
Laurel, Burlini;ton ('..., N. .1
r of Evesham Monthly iMceting of Fri
year of his age.
WI LLI AM HrprLE^ PrInTErT'
No. 422 Walnut Street.
HUZBY,
•riends,
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, EIGHTH MONTH 31,
NO. 3.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Subscriptiou-f aud Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT tJO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For "The Friend."
Letters from Uiifrequented Places.
(Continued from page 10.)
On the morning of the 13lh we turned our
aces westward towards Beyrouth, taking our
ourse over the Bukaa, the broad valley be-
ween Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, having a
[ood graded road, which really seemed more
iresome than the crooked paths we had
ravcrsed! Passed some pretty villages, Nur-
Lllaka and Zahleh — the latter a large thriv-
ng town of 16,000 inhabitants, the prettiest
own I had seen in Syria. It is situated on
ihe side of a mountain and the neat looking
touses rise like terrafes, row above row among
he green trees. Nur-Allaka is on an oppo-
|ite declivity and also very pretty, the two
owns divided only by a swift little river
lUshing through the dedle between them. I
•jfgot to say that at Baalbeck we called at
•ne of the missionary schools; it was after
chool hours, but we were pleased to hear of
rood work from a very pleasant, kind
ady, who had been long in the service, and
eported ver}^ favorably of the progress being
bade at Baalbeck. She said she hai also
ibored at Nur AUaka with good results, and
t that place we happened to meet with per-
ons who were engaged in the schools, and
eported them prosperous in awakening an
ntorest in the natives to study, as well as to
leeorae Christians. Bej-routh is noted for
ts excellent schools — a large American col
ege and numerous other seminaries of various
frades. Ouivlast night of encampment was
ear Shtoza and our last morning's start was
n the rain, but not so heavy but my water-
roof kept me dry, and we hurried on as fast as
ossible, now in the good road from Beyrouth
0 Damascus, with Mt. Lebanon to cross. Up
ire went by zig zag to the height of 5,600 feet
mong the heavy snow banks, and once on the
op, the scenery vras magnificent. Mountains
nd gorges of terrible depth around ns. and
■efore us, down at the depth of that 5,600 feet
ly Beyrouth, basking in the sunshine, for
he rain had not reacbed there, and we too
lad left it behind. And there too, was our
Id friend the Mediterranean Sea, looking as
ilacid as a lake. It was just four weeks
bat day since we landed at Jaffa, and we had
teen horse-backing almost every day since,
I cannot remember but two days that I was
lot on the back of horse or donkey. The long
lescent to Beyrouth was made much easier
than I feared it might be. The prospect
of rest at the end of our journey, and of find-
ing letters awaiting us, spurred us on with
good spirits. We stopped for lunch in full
sight of the city, yet three hours away, but
ditl not wait for the after-rest, horses and all
were anxious to get to the end. My brother
galloped on, and when I rode up to the hotel,
there he sat on the terrace with a pile of
letters, quietlj' reading one, with his feet up
on the rail as if he had not crossed Mt. Le-
banon in a week. Do you ask if I saw the
" Cedars of Lebanon !" Oh no — they are tuck-
ed away up in the snow, and can only be
visited later in the season, and then, there
are only a few left. Guide Book says : " The
renowned Cedars are found in a vast recess,
n the Central ridge of Lebanon, about eight
uiles in diameter. They stand alone, with
not another tree in sight, at an elevation of
6,000 feet above the Mediterranean. They
are about 400 in number and vary much in
size, some being very old. They are in the
centre, and the young ones cluster around
them, — only about twelve of great antiquity
remain and measure 40 feet in circumference.
The trunks not high.
Constantinople, 5th mo. 5th, 1878.
From Morsina, the time of my last writing,
we steamed awaj' to Rhodes, 36 hours, the
longest run without stopping. Arrived at
Rhodes early on the morning of the 23J ult.,
and went on shore in the rain for a hurried
look about the town, as the ship only stopped
there three hours. The night had been stormy
and the sea was rough, requiring some courage
to go on shore in the small boats, but we
went, getting more or leas ducked with the
splasliing waves. I thought I was going to
escape dry shod, but as I stepped from the
boat to the ship's steps, and was aiming to
hurry up before a large wave carao, my water-
proof caught on the rail, and consequently
the wave caught me in quick, Jaughing em
brace and flecT, much to my disgust, but to the
amusement of the lookers on. We saw where
once the Colossus stood, walked up the street
of the Knights, — " Rue des Chevaliers," where
still remain the old palaces of the Crusaders
with the armorial bearings of the Knights
sculptured on shields over the doors, visited
the "Church of St. John," bought some
roses, &c., and back to the ship. Then on to
Smyrna, where the ship stopped three days,
affording us time to visit the ruins of the
once great city of Ephesus, to which a rail-
way takes us from Smyrna. The trains leave
Smyrna at 9 a. m., and as it takes three hours
to go 40 miles in Asia, we could not have
time to see the ruins before a return train, so
packed our bags to stay all night and return
next day. On entering the railway carriage
we were agreeably surprised to be addressed
in English bj' a party who were also going
to Ephesus, and proved to be the family and
guests of the chief manager of the railway, and
they were going to hold the return train till
they were ready to come, so we rejoiced in
our good fortune, and were further favored.
The manager had telegraphed to Ephesus for
horses to be ready for their party, and ho
~"ered to do the same for us, so when wo
arrived there were eight horses saddled and
bridled, ready for a march. As the ruins
are a mile away from the station, and of great
extent, they could only be seen on horseback,
by men, on foot. So, after an acceptable
lunch, we mounted and were off, it seeming
really pleasant to my brother and self to
be on horseback again. The ruins, though
scarcely visible in much of the space, give
evidence of- a once vast city, said to have
b3en, next to Jerusalem, " the holiest of Chris-
tian cities," aud next t) Athens, the most
memorable for its schools of art. On a hill
are the ruins of a prison supposed to be where
Paul was imprisoned. I have a photograph
of it, and other portions of the ruins. Quanti-
ties of material have been carried away to
put in other buildings round about, a large
mosque near by, and a castle, but there are
still many relics of beautiful white marble
columns, arches and various monuments, and
traces of the city walls and Port, along the
quay of which we rode and looked into the
massive arched chambers once used for store
houses, up to which the ships came to dis-
charge and receive their wealth of freight; and
the heavy rings to which they were fastened,
have, till late!}', been seen in the walls, but
have been stolen away for modern use. In
those days the sea came up to the city, but
now only an extensive plain or marsh is to be
seen.
Before arriving at Smyrna we had concluded
to visit Athens before going to Constantino-
ple, BO we did not leave our home on the
•' Tage" at that place, but kept on to Syra
one more night, making twelve nights and
ten days passed most pleasantly on that good,
clean, sweet ship. It was the most comforta-
ble sea voj'age I ever took. Arrived at Syra
early on the morning of the 27th, and E.
found that an Italian steamer was going that
day to Athens (we expected to have t) wait
till the next morning) so we made a hasty
departure from the " Tage," leaving our com-
panions at the breakfast table.
It was lovely to arrive at Athens on Seventh-
day evening with the prospect of a quiet
First-day before us. Not since leaving Cairo
had we had a whole one, except the one on
ship-board at Mersina. Wo are landed at
Piraeus, the sea port of Athens and six miles
distant. A railroad extends between them,
but the drive is a very pleasant ono, and we
chose to take carriage and horses, which
brought us to the Hotel des Etrangeres in
good time for the 7 o'clock dinner. You may
be assured that we enjoyed that drive just at
sunset, with all those classic scenes around us.
The Acropolis was in full view, illuminated
by sunset glow, and near by " Mars Hill,"
from which the Apostle Paul addressed the
18
THE FRIEND.
people of Athens, and there too, stood the
Temple of Theseus (just like Girard College,
and many other imitations.)
Modern Athens is very beautiful ; it seemed
doubly so to us. After dwelling nearly four
raonliis among the Moslems, and being in
their dirty cities and towns, Athens seemed
so clean, so civilized, so elegant? We had
only four days there — we must content our-
selves with that or stay another week on ac-
count of the steamers— another week and we
should have to return to Syra to get the
French steamer; now we could take steamer
direct from Piraeus to Constantinople, and
though we should have much liked a week or
two more at Athens, we telt that it was best
to come to this place while there ia a lull in
the war spirit, which, we are told, is likely
to break into active demonstration any day.
There are many Eussiau officers at this
hotel and plenty of gold lace and orders deco-
rating fine forms. From my windows I can
see the encampments far away upon the hills,
and also overlook a large portion of beautiful
Constantinople. I forgot to say that we ar-
rived hero on Seventh-day morning the 4th.
The steamer arrived in the harbor the previ
ous evening, but too late to be officially recog-
nized, so we slept on board, making 48 hours
from iPireaus. We enjoyed the Dardanelles. I
could see the Asiatic side from my windows all
the way. I have now "done" the Mediterra-
nean Sea pretty well from Gibraltar to its east
ern extremity. The Adriatic, the Grecian Ar-
chipelago, iEgean Sea, and the Marmoia. Now
for the Black Sea! Shall we go to the Crimea?
That depends upon the war developments. I
shall feel more at ease when we get out of
this place, though to appearance it is very
quiet and peaceable just now. 1 have not
been out at all since I came to this "Hotel
Byzance" ; it rained while we were on the
Marmora, rained when we came here, and has
kept it up, showers, mist and fog, ever since.
The hotels are very full, and we are much
favored to get such pleasant comfortable quar-
ters, with excellent table.
(To bo continued.)
cised and tried ones be made more willing to
become as clay in the Heavenly Potter's hand,
submitting themselves unto Him to fashion
and form into whatsoever vessel pleaselh Him.
These may have been moulded upon the wheel
into the vessel which pleaseth Him, they may
have been placed upon the shelf to dry, for
this is needful, as it is a waiting posture, but
have they yet been tried (baked) in the fur-
nace? for until this important operation has
been gone through with, they are not fully
ready for use : The Heavenly Potter alone
knows when they are prepared to be placed
there, and when He pleases, the flames are
kindled around them ; but as the earthly
potter watches well that the heat is not too
fierce, or does not consume, even so does the
Heavenly Potter, keep very near, and though
the " furnace may be heated seven times more
than it was wont to be heated," He goes
with them into the very fiercest of it, and by
His grace they arc enabled to pass through,
and to come forth as vessels unto honor in
His house, fitted for the Master's use.
These tried vessels are willing to be used in
His service. They have been made willing
through suffering, to be just what He would
have them to be ; and no matter whether they
fill a conspicuous place in His household, or
whether they are to serve Him in a more
humble sphere, they but wait His pleasure.
Extracts from Letters of Margaret Morris.
(Continued from page 11.)
To Richard Hill Morris.
Philadelphia, 10th mo. 19tli, 1793.
My beloved son, — I have just received thine,
and it falls to my lot to inform thee another
breach is made in my family. Our beloved
B. S. [Benjamin Smitlh] is taken from us— he
was violently seized at the first, just as my
dear J. M. was. I sent to Dr. Rush ; he was
confined, and two of his pupils. 1 went to Dr.
Mease— he was too ill to be spoken to. I
asked B. S. who I should send for — Parke was
ill and I knew of none else— however I went
For "The Friond."
" It is good for thy soul, and much to thy
advantage, to be variously exercised of the
Lord."
These words of Isaac Penington are fraught
with a deep meaning, and carry with them to
the hearts of such as^have been thus exercised,
a settled conviction of their truth.
It would be hard indeed for those who have
not come under the Power which can alone
subdue ; and have never allowed His yoke to
be fitted to their shoulders, to understand why
it would be good to be brought into tried
places, into depths, and even into the fire, and
difficult would it bo for these to acknowledge
that any advantage would arise therefrom.
But oh! what a blessed thing it is, when
those who have been thus exorcised, who have
passed through deep afflictions, and have
known the tiro to have passed over thein, can
acknowledge that to be exercised of tho Lord
has been good for their souls.
Various may have been the experiences of
such, and as varied the ditt'ercnt moans with
which an All-wise Father may have seen meet
to try his children ; yet He who knows all
things, knows just what trial to mete out, just
how long to oxereiso thom therein, as
liow much they can
bci
May these exer-| but their faci
to Dr. James: he was also ill, but spoke highly
of Dr. Cathrull. I went fjr him— he came,
and said it was not the disease; but I knew
he had it, and told him I would consult Dr.
Hush ; on my way I met one of his young
men— he came that evening and continued to
visit him— paid close attention— but, alas! all
in vain — the dear, hopeful young man do
parted between 3 and 4 o'clock this morning.
His brother Joshua was here, and I sent for
B. \V. M., who came, and this evening ho was
laid by my dear J. and A. M. My precious
Debby, who was his faithful nurse, is greatly
afflicted, and notwithstanding tho situation of
my own family, I must remain in Front street
till 1 SCO how it will please Proviilence to dis-
pose of her.
KeveiUli-day, noon.
My poor, dear girl had a restless night, and
I was fearful would bo very ill to-day, and I
sent early to Dr. Hush. One of his good
young men came, and he assured me she had
no fever. We are in want of nothing at pi
sent, but to feel a porlect resignation to tho
Divine will, who is pleased to strip, first one,
and then another, and who shall say " What
doest Thou?" Tho sympathy of tho low
friends wo have loft us, is truly acceptable,
To the same.
Philadelphia, 10th mo. 21st, 1793.
* * * Mj^ dear Debby has passed ai
other night with very little sleep, and th;
was only broken slumbers. The great loi
she has sustained has sunk very deep, and m
foreboding fears suggest to me, that I no
must give up all. She has no fever, nor ac
pain 0,1 all, but continual moaning and dwel
ing on the late gloomy scene is too much
fear, for her sensitive nature to struggle wil
Dr. Hush has sent one of his good young oie
to visit her, and he has directed a medicii
which I have given day and night; but if si
does rise above it, time alone, with the Divit
assistance, must be the physician. * *
Looking in the Bible today, I came to a r
markable prophecy which seems fulfiUin
the present time; I was struck with it, ar
enclose a copy.* * * * What a tryir
stroke it will be to dear brother Smith to he;
of his and our loss, but to my poor Debby
is doubly so. What a world of woe we li'
in ! and by what a frail tenure do we hold s
that is most dear to us. Happy are those wl
have secured an interest in the ever enduri
mansions of endless eternity. If ever we me
again on earth, how many mournful things
shall have to relate ; and if we meet not he-
let us cherish the hope, the heart renewit
hope, that there is a place where the weai
will be at rest, where tears will be wiped 1
every eye, and all sorrows be at an end ; ar
if wo are favored to meet in that happy plac
all that has passed will be forgotten.
To the same.
Philadelphia, 10th mo. 22d, 1793
My beloved child, — I have received thi
and S. B.'st acceptable letters; to the lattei
mean to replj' to morrow, and now sit dow
to tell thee, I have got my dear mourner ai
her little girl in thy room, the maid ai
Daniel in the kitchen chamber, and our ovu
nvalids still occupy the two parlors. Go<
Dr. Eush sent his carriage to bring us hen
but, my love, no language can describe wh
we have passed through. I wish not to afflij
thee, or painfully to dwell on the past, but-i
only to give thee an idea of it — may toll the!
that one day last week, when I had walkr
about more than usual, my spirits so failJ
me that I fainted away, at a time when n[
darling child stood most in need of my hell
but, like a thundergust that clears tho air,
awoko from it, and almost with the vigor
youth, was able to assist thj^ dear afflict*
sister; time alone can heal her wound, a»
bind up her broken heart. Yesterday I
Hicks wrote me a note, informing mo th
mj' dear sister had a fit, and that Wm. w
relapsed. I would not leave my Debby till e
in the evening ; when I came home and Ion
Wm. very poorly, but ho is now ettVctual
relieved ; before 1 could get back to Front i
thy poor aunt had another violent fit. Ala
what a world of woo wo live in. Surely the
is a bettor country than this, and if it was n
(or tho staff on which thy tribulated moth
h.is leaned from youth to old age, how wou
she bo able to boar tho chastisements of t
roil. But with rovorouco let me say, " Tl
)t hope
SOURS of the temple aliall be ImwlingE
li the Lord God : there .shall lie mil
1 cverv place; tliey shall cast tliem fo
-Ainiis viii. :!.
niloii, llie partner in business of her
THE FRIEND.
19
od and thy staff they comfort me," for truly
n proportion to the bitter ha< been the sweet ;
ind they have been so blended together
.midst the checkered scenes of my life, that
ill within a few weeks past, I could hardly
ell which was greatest; for, although like
ny poor Debby, I was early deprived of the
)eloved companion of my youth, the cultiva-
ion of my liitle vineyard— my hopeful or-
)hans — 80 engaged my care and attention,
lud repaid all m}' anxiety, that the remem-
)rance of what I had passed through, though
lever to be forgotten, was in measure com-
)ensated ; and when 1 had been favored to see
hem all arrive at maturity without a blot on
heir fame,' Lo ! the destroyer came, and rol
at the English Court. Following the example
of the now colony and the city on the banks
of the Delaware, Peter the Great began the
establishment of St. Petersburg by a mani-
festo issued in 1702, promising religious free-
dom to its citizens. The same influence of
the Quakers is traceable in several German
States and cities, whither Penn had gone in
1671 and again in 1677, while George Fox,
with another band of devoted friends, had
travelled in other parts of the same countrj' ;
and a large influx of German settlers brought
strength and wealth to Penn's new colony,
and made it a common haven of rest for the
German Pietists and Moravians, whose settle-
_ ments and descendants are still among the
)ed me of one of my choicest plants ;' the child i best elements of strength of our State. In
f my fondest hopes became the son of my close imitation of Penn's purpose to make
lorrow, and I thought I should go sorrowing Philadelphia a city of brotherly love, some of
o the gii-ave. But to the praise of His good- the Germans who sympathized in his longing
less, who has thus permitted it to be,— in the for perfect religious freedom sought to estab-
lour, the awlul hour of death, be was made lish in their own country German Philadel-
the son of consolation," and my chastened
leart, though bowing under the heavy stroke,
fvas enabled to saj' in reverent thankfulness.
Thy will be done ;" and now, again, mj' trulj'
valuable son, whose connexion with me was
•i sweet, unmixed with bitter, has been called
;i"rom works to rewards; and dare I murmur
it the call, when I am made the humble in-
strument of comfort to a child who is worthy
posed system of political religion that was
then intended to c.ire ail the evils of ]?urope,
but in the rush of events and amid the shock
of successive revolutions and under the pres-
sure of an almost total change in the political
geography of the Old World, little trace of it
is left.
William Penn found in his enforced leisure
during his imprisonment in the reign of Wil-
im the Third, due to the financial troubles
and difficulties of administering his great es-
tate, time to write a plea for perpetual peace,
and to propose an international court of arbi-
tration to avoid future wars. In 1854, the
Engli><h Quakers, as if mindful of the intimate
friendship of their great leader with Peter the
Great, sent a deputation to the Russian Czar
plead for jieace, and, after war had broken
out, to endeavor to soften its rigors and miti-
gate its destruction. The same feeling of
brotherhood that united Penn and Peter the
Great in their hope of establishing religious
unity, inspired the attempt in our own days
to bring the Church of England and the Greek
Church into close communion. It was in an-
swer lo an invitation from the American
Episcopate, that Russia sent a missionary of
its church to this country. Dr. Bjerring, the
priest of the Greek Church in New York, who
modestly officiates for his countrymen, and at
the same time seeks to make better known
the points of sympathy and of common reli-
gious belief between his own faith and that of
phias, where the practice of cverj' foj-m of re-
ligion should be open to all comers, but one
alter the other failed, and only furnished new
emigrants for the Quaker commonwealth,
where Penn gave them a home and shelter in
peace and safety.
Count Zinzendorf, the leader, if not the
founder of the Moravian Church in this coun-
try, was, like Penn himself, of a good family,
of a better comforter. Allow me, my love, to] and perhaps owed to that influence something
D-iveventin this way to my full heart. Thy of the strength of his headship over the Strug- ^
sympathizing nature feels what I have gone gling community in both continents. Like the bulk of American Protestants. Ihesamo
ihrou<rh. Penn, too, as a young man he saw the world, I refusal to recognize any earthly power as
Thi"-d-day morning,— My dear Debby has 'and shared in its pursuits in Paris, and met competent to bind the conscience or to guide
passed another niglu almost without sleep. | prominent men of all faiths, and many of none | the religious belief of any individual that in-
* * I wishthee, my dear child, to endeavor I at all, and was all the better fitted to deal with I spired Penn and his friends, is the character-
to keep thy mind calm, and do not suffer thy- j them in the interests of the new religious so-
self to harbor one murmuring thought against ,ciety, whose name and fame are now so indis-
the allwise Disposer of human atfairs. He solubly connected with his own. He came to
best knows what is best for his creatures, and jthis city in 1741, and made Philadelphia the _ , „
He knows how to bring them to resignation, 'headquarters of his Indian missions, declaring litical changes, and in order to secure certain
land thy mother can say from experiment it that he owed to the Quakers all that he had , advantages of a closer union with the Roman
■ ■ - -• - jjjj^g i,, Europe, and that his aim was lo give Catholic hierarchy, some modifications of its
a common faith alike lo the inhabitants of, old liberty of religion have been recently
both continents. On his return lo Germany j made. The recent threatened hostility be-
he sent out missionaries, who found theiVjtween Russia and England seems to be ended,
greatest success in Russia, and established j for the present at least ; and, in the growth
there, and in Greenland, and other far off re- of the Russian Empire over what were until
no Bauer, has recently published a brief gions, branches of the Moravian Church, some lately provinces under Mohammedan sway,
cr,c,ay on the influence of English Quakers on of which are still flourishing. He secured the , it is not unlikely that the Greek Church will
German culture, and on the Russian project passage of an Act of Parliament in 1749, which find abundantoccasion to return to itsoriginal
of a universal church. It has a certain interest gave a legal recognition to the Society, andJiberal views, and carry into practice that
for us in the fact that he makes Philadelphia enabled it to lake a still stronger hold of the lesson of religious toleration which William
the capital of all modern forms of Quakerism, outposts of civilization, where it was busy Penn taught Peter the Great, and he in turn
and, starting with Penn's far-reaching and far- spreading a peaceful religion and giving a wise enforced in his vast dominion. It would cer-
seeingplanof a peaceful settlement in the new civil government among thousands where life lainly be a curious proof of the power of
world, traces out the efforts made in other hitherto had been a continuous struggle for Penn's principles if they were to be adopted
countries in the same direction. The meet- ] existence and unceasing warfare. Much, too,
ingof Penn with Peter the Great, in the Dock- [of the best elements of modern German phi-
yard at Deptford, where the Russian Czar losophy and theology is clearly traceable
istic of the new school of Protestant theology
of our own day. In Russia, the impulse given
by Peter the Great lasted down almost to the
present, although, under the pressure of po-
ll's the road to peace. M. M.
CTo be continned.)
From the *■ Philadelphia Ledger."
Wide Range of (luaker Influence.
A learned but somewhat mystical German,
Br
essay
was living in the midst of sailors and ship-
builders, led the latter to make frequent visits
to the Quaker meetings, and he was so atten-
tive and sympathetic a listener that the Quak-
ers almost felt sure they could count upon him
as one of their own number. In 1698, when
Peter the Great was in England, Philadelphia
and Pennsylvania were already attracting at-
tention in Europe and America as a refuge
and haven for people who sought peaceful en-
joyment of their religious belief; the Quakers
driven from New England had found safety
under Penn's government, as they had already
obtained protection by appealing to the king,
whose kindly interposition was successfully
invoked by Penn and his influential friends
anew on the Continent, where they were first
preached, while here, too, their practice has
rrown so universal, that the Quakers them-
through and to the influence of the Moravians
and the Quakers, and one of the most curi-
ous characters in recent European history,
Madame Krudener, the intimate friend and
trusted adviser of the Emperor of Russia at
the time of the reorganization of Euroije after
the fall of Napoleon, drew her inspiration
from the same source. She, too, had spent her
youth in worldly pursuits, and was brought
to serious thoughts mainly by the earnest
lessons of a preacher of the Moravian Church,
and in turn made such strong appeal to the
Czar that he promised to give both to his own
people and lo the rest of Europe both religious
freedom and political protection. The name
selves are only a small minority of those who
illy follow the teachings of their founder.
Selected for "The Friend."
Ballitore, 17th of 2nd mo. 1784.
My Dear Cousin, — I am glad our poor child
was so agreeable lo J'ou, and am pleased that
we let her go lo you. The hand of an in-
finitely wise and gracious Providence saw
meet, I believe, to unite the hearts of the
parents with a holy cement of His pure love,
and I trust it is of the same condescending
goodness that a friendship is formed among
our children. May we of the retiring genera-
_ tion be happily continued objects of Divine
of the HolyAUiance still perpetuates the pro- regard and compassion, and be endued, from
20
THE FRIEND.
scason^o season, with fresh supplies of heav-
enly wisdom, that so we may walk in and be
fore our families with propriety, and leave
such vestiges, in all parts of our conduct, as
our successors may safely follow; and may
our beloved offspring and their connections,
having been favored to see a glimpse of the
beauty which is in the Truth, dwell low in
humble, watchful fear that this eye may ever
bo kept open in them, that the vision may be
more and more cleared and extended, and the
god of this world never bo permitted to close
or obscure with the dust of the earth, or daz-
zle and dim with worldly splendor. I am
anxious for the coming forward of the youth
of our day ; something or other retards their
growth ; with divers it is not any evil dispo-
sition, any criminal pursuit, but I fear there
is a want of a steady, solid, diligent waiting
for the renewal of those baptisms which purge
the soul, and prepare it for further illumina
lions and discoveries of duty. There is a
seeking and desiring after good, and a look-
ing towards the servants and messengers and
expecting from them ; but if, under a sense of
our wants and weaknesses, our attention was
more immediately turned to the Master him-
self, and our dependence more abstractedly
fixed on Him, I believe there would be more
of a growing in the root, the tender plant
would sooner become a tree of righteousness,
and fruit would be brought forth in due sea-
son, grateful to God and man.
Richard Shackleton.
THE TWO ALABASTER BOXES.
When Thou in patient ministry
Didst pass, a stranger, through Thy land,
Two costly gifts were offered Thee,
And both were from a woman's hand.
To Thee who madest all things fair.
Thrice fair and precious things they bring
Pure sculptured alabaster clear.
Perfumes for earth's anointed King.
Man's hasty lips would both reprove,
One for the stain of too much sin.
One for the waste of too much love !
Yet both availed Thy smile lo win.
The saint who listened at Thy feet,
The sinner sinners scorned to touch,
Adoring in Thy presence meet,
Both pardoned and both loving much.
Thus evermore to all they teach,
Man's highest style is, " much forgiven,"
And that earth's lowest yet may reach
The highest ministries of heaven.
They teach that gifts of costliest price
From hearts sin-beggared yet may pour ;
And that love's costliest .s.acrifice
Is worth the loving, nothing more.
From Pike's Peak.— The Eclipse as seen 11,000 feet
above the sea.
The sky was cloudless and the atmosphere
wonderfully clear. The range of vision ex-
tended for probably 100 miles in every direc-
tion. The mountains north and west stood
out clear cut against the sky, and the plains
to the eastward stretched away until they
seemed to mingle with the horizon. It is a
rare occasion when distant objects can be so
,,.,„. clearly and distinctly seen from the Peak.
May we all be preserved objects of gracious 1,^^^^/^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^-^^ ^^ ^.|o„d ^he view
_.^__..: ~-L -^.> .* ,t should please j^ ^^^ direction. There was, perhaps, no
ot us an unaer-lgpg^j^l i-g.^^,,,.;, observable in the eclipse, as
Richard Shackleton to his daughter G.
Ballitore, 1st mo. 25th, 1791.
condescending regard ; and
Infinite Wisdom to give any
standing in spiritual things, and to q«alUy iis i^';"^;"^"'^.;;',;;;'^;^ ;;;;;;f^^;;,;fgh"couTd''^^^^^^ be
at times a little to handle them, let us in allj^^^^ p^.^^ .,^^ ^^ ^^^ pl^^i^, ^elow, ex-
humility and reverence receive the commis- j ^^^^j^ j,, might arise from the clearness
sion and commandas a favor far transcending |^^'^ ^,^^, ^p ^^^^ atmosphere incident to the
all worldly honors and emoluments ; let us nol j g,e^ation. This clearness and the absence of
slight nor regret nor repine at the heayenly j_^^^^j^^^^^^ doubtless gave great advantage for
gift biit gratefully attendupon it, and "se I ^j^^^^jg^^ Q^gg^.^.^^i^^ ^^,1 f^^. the use of astro-
our diligent endeavors to improve it to the^ ^(^.^j instruments.
honor of the giver. That so our lives may | ^^^ ^^^^.^ ^^^ ^^ -^^^ probably, within
"' *o '^° °^'P<=°'°^jthe entire limit of total ob.scuration, which
aftbrded such an opportunity for noting the
or which
gave an equal opportunity for taking in at a
single sweep of the eye such an extended area
of the earth's surface.
To the unscientific observer, the most re-
markable phenomenon observable from the
summit of the Peak, was the approach of
the shadow of totality from the north, its
swift passage, and the sudden burst of sun-
light which followed.
It must bo remembered that the movement
of the shadow from north to south was at the
ate of about thirty miles per second, and it
pas necessary that one should have stretched
I beneath him a wide expanse of the earth's
by expanding the capacities of the eoul, gjvel ,^pj^(,e^ i„ Q^jor that the eye could seize with
a glance the line of the approaching shadow,
flow on as comfortably as
in this mixed state of existence, under the ro-i'
newed evidence of Divine approbation ; tl^t i;;pp;:o;ch°o7 thrsh^ad^w^of ^otaH^
we may leave vestiges a.td way-marks, to the M ^ ^^ ,^, opportunity for takir
succeeding generations, which they may safe- '^ ^ ''
ly and happily follow ; and having had the
high honor of being, in any degree, engaged
in the promotion of the reign and government
of Christ on earth, may bo eternally' happy
with Him, in His heavenly kingdom.
E. Shackleton.
If a man or woman wishes to realize the
full power of personal beauty, it must bo by
cherishing noble hopes ami purposes ; by hav- j,
ing something to do and something to live,
for, which is worth}' of humanity, and which ]
expansion and symmetry to the body whicl
contains it. — Upliam.
an"d follow it, as it rushed away to the south-
ward. This advantage an observer vvho stood
The faith to which all things are possible, upon the Peak possessed,
is something of a much deeper nature than Gen. Myers had very kindly advised our
the assent of the judgment to the truth of party where, and how, to look for the coming
doctrines ; or & concurrence with what is called shadow, and wo had taken our station on the
by many, " the Gospel plan of Salvation ;" or northern edge of the summit several minutes
even with what is contained in the whole before the period of total obscuration of the
crodcnda of systematical divinity. sun's disk. Without the aid of a glass, the
eye could at this time, distinctly note the
shimmering of the bright sunlight on the
mountains more than IfiO miles to the north-
ward. Suddenly we observed them disap-
pear, and a great wall of darkness, stretching
out on either side as far as the eye could
reach, concealed them from us. With incon-
ceivable rapidity the shadow swept toward
us, its front a clear black line, bordered with
a fringe of yellow. It hid from sight range
after range of the more distant mountains,
and quickly covered with a ghastly pall, the
peaks and foot hills and plains clo?e beneath
us.
When the shadow reached aiW enveloped
us, the eye could dimly outline the nearer
mountains, and could single out with strange
distinctness the houses and farms in the valiey
below. The sky overhead seemed heavy and
leaden, and every visible object was parllid and
ghastly. The very shadow seemed tangible
and to weigh upon us, but the horizon all
around us was brightly illumined by flashing
rays of red and yellow lights like those of
the Aurora. While wo on the Peak were
still enveloped in the depth of the shadow,
its upper line passed over the far off range to
the northward, and the clear sunlight struck
the mountains, and away beyond and through
the darkness they burst suddenly into vi
In an instant, other and nearer mountains
appeared, and then the dimly-shaded parks
and the wooded divide were bathed in sun-
light, and the shadow rushed passed us.
During the period of darkness, the view
around ias was weird and terrible; but the
sudden burst of sunlight which appeared upon
tho distant mountains as they seemed to
spring up instantaneously from the bosom of
the earth, was one of the most sublime and
joyous visions that it is ever given to mor-
tal eyes to witness. It brought a sense of re-
lief and delight, and no one who saw it can |
forget it. i
There was one peculiar phenomenon oil
color, connected with the approach and dis-|
appearance of the shadow of total obscura- (
lion, which may perhaps have some scientific I
value, and be worthy of note. It was ob- 1
served that along both lines of the shadow, I
and especially along its departing edge per-,
haps more distinctly than its advance line,
there was a well-defined strip of j-ellow color,,
shading off into orange and light red. This :
appearance was well defined and bordered
the dark lines like a fringe. These lines of
color were noted by three or four persons,
who all agree as to their appearance. Will
some scientist tell us why they were there
and what they indicate ?—C/iar?(;s B. Lam-
born in the Phila. Press.
Solpcted.
Testimony of Aberdeen ^lonthly Meeting, {Scot-
land), concerning Lydia Ann Barclay, who
died on the Ust of \st month, 1855, aged 55
years, and whose remains were interred at
Cockermouth, on the 1th of 2nd month, follow-
nig : a ininister about 20 years.
Lydia Ann Barclay, daughter of Robert
and Ann Barclay, members of our religious
Society, was born at Clapham, in Surrey, on
the 25th of 10th month, 1799, and when very
young was deprived by death of her mother.
In the season of youth she appears to have
been tendered and contritcd by the visitations
of heavenly love, and, under tho quickening
power of the Spirit of Truth, was given to
THE FRIEND.
ie the necessity of obedience to all its mani-
stations and pure leadings in the secret of
er soul. To llim who was thus knocking
c the dooi" of her heart she was enabled to
pen ; and, through eoopeiation with His
race, she was strengthened to take up her
aily cross and walk in the narrow path of
ilf-denial and regeneration, esteeming all
lings but loss that she might " win Christ,"
od be found in Him. The following extract,
■cm a letter to a friend, shows the work of
le Lord's Spirit on her mind in her younger
ays :—
" My dear fiiend : Thou queried of me yes-
>rday, how the work of religion was begun
1 mj' heart? to which I believe I gave thee
0 satisfactory answer. I feel afraid of ex-
ressing much on such subjects, or of 'judg-
ig my own self;' but now, fearing, lest ray
lence should have done harm, I feel at
berty to tell thee, I trust under a humbling
jnse of the tender mercy of my heavenly
ather. Ah I His compassionate regard was
) me, when but a child, visiting me by His
)ve, making me sensible of the depravity of
ly evil heart, of the exceeding sinfulness of
[n, of mj^ great need of a Saviour, and of His
[eansing, sanctifying power: and this, my
bar friend, was not through the instrumon-
[litj' of any outward means, but mostly dur-
g the time of my being confined on a couch,*
nd in my secret retirings to wait upon
Om. AVo were brought up to the use of
rayers morning and evening, and very often
'ent with our governess (who was of the
Istablished Church) to her place of worship ;
lis I became uneasy with, when about fifteen,
nd, showing a dislike to it, she never ))ress-
a it again ; places of public amusement and
ancing were also given up at the same time,
nd music soon after. Oh ! how tenderly have
been dealt with! I can never sufficiently
smember it. He has led me gently along,
bowing me by degrees, first, what He would
ave me avoid and forsake, and then what
[e would have me do and pursue: but hovv
lany times have I revolted and turned away
■oin His offers, disobeyed His commands, and
rieved His Holy Spirit! . 1 desire to be con-
nually humbled under a sense of these things,
nd animated to renewed dedication of heart
D Him who has loved me, and given Him-
elf for me ; waiting for the fresh discoveries
f His blessed will."
As she continued faithful to Him who had
ailed her out of darkness into His marvel-
)U8 light, passing through those deep bap-
isms of spirit which are necessary for the
eduction of self, and are preparatory to ser-
ice in the Church, she saw clearly that it
TOuld be required of her to engage in the
?ork of the ministry; in allusion to which,
he writes, on the 15th of 1st month, 1827 : —
Oh Lord, my God! if, in the riches of thy
lercy and condescending goodness to a poor
rorm, thou see meet to require of me to speak
f thee to others, to 'speak of the glorious
onor of thy majesty, and tell of thy won-
rous works,' — thy will be done. Behold the
andraaid of my Lord; do what thou wilt
nth me, only make me thy dear child, thy
lithful servant. Be thou my strength ; let it
e in thy power and authority, and to the utter
basement and deep humiliation of the crea-
ure, that so all power and glory may be as-
ribed unto thee, to whom it is ever due !
* On account of spinal weakness.
Amen." Again in reference to this awful
engagement, the breathings of her soul are
penned, on the 1st of 10th month, 1830; —
'•Let the mountains flow down at thy pre-
sence, and cause the hills of opposition to melt
like wax before thee : bring all within me into
pure resignation, into holy obedience; then
open thou my lips, and my mouth shall show
fjrth thy praise; then speak thou the word,
and I will publish it in thy might; and, O
Lord ! I beseech thee, bring me into deep
humility and nothingness of self, and keep
me there for ever."
She appears to have first come forth in the
ministry at Friends' Meeting at Epping, in
allusion to which she writes, on the 17th of
2nd month, 1831: — "And now it seems well
for me to acknowledge (I trust under a deep
sense of the condescending goodness of my
dear Lord and Master, and of my own utter
unworthiness), that having often felt uneasi-
ness in not having yielded to a secret desire
that has seemed to attend me these several
years, to go and sit with Epping Friends in
their meeting, I ventured to go there yester-
day fortnight, in fear for the bod}-, it being a
deep snow and severely cold; and in mental
fear also, lest it should be presumptuous and
wrong. But oh, what a favor I it pleased Di-
vine Goodness again, as it were, to overshadow
me with His love, and to require obedience
in the expression of a few words; after fear-
ing and hesitating, and at last trembling, till
near the close of the meeting, I ventured and
was enabled to stand up. How unworthy
am I to make mention of His name! What
great condescension and mercy, thus to make
a way where I can see no way, to take away
fear, to remove doubt, and to give strength !
and not only so, but afterward to favor with
peaceful quiet ! And now, what can I ren-
der for all His mercies ? The answer seems,
" All thou requirest, my whole heart, O Lord !
But, oh, may He enable me and undertake
for me, for I am indeed weak and feeble; and
may He purify and prepare me for Himself
to dvvell in ! And now, whenever and wher-
ever such another sacrifice may be again re-
quired of me, no matter — tnay He make me
more and more His simple. His obedient child !
And seeing I am such a poor, weak, ignorant
child, may He take me by the hand and show
me how to go, and all the snares and dangers
that surround, enabling me to take right
steps: and when I slip or miss my way, may
He tell me and reprove and chasten me, hum-
bling me as His tender love and wisdom see
meet. And, oh ! saith my soul, may He keep
me low in His pure fear, that all praise and
glory may ever be ascribed to Him to whom
alone it is eternally due!"
(To be concluded.)
For "The Frieod."
Incidents and Refieftion.s.— No. II.
The Life of Abraham Lincoln, by J. G. Hol-
land, furnishes some pleasing illustrations of
that straightforward honesty, which was so
marked a feature in the character of this illus-
trious man.
When a young man, he was employed as
clerk and manager of a store at New Salem,
Illinois. Here, on one occasion, he sold a
woman a little bill of goods, amounting in
value, by the reckoning, to two dollars and
six and a quarter cents. He received the
money, and the woman went away. On add-
ing the items of the bill again, to make him-
self sure of correctness, he found that he had
taken six and a quarter cents too much. It
was night, and closing and locking the store,
he started out on foot, a distance of two or
three miles, for the house of his defrauded
customer, and delivering over to her the sum
whose possession had so much troubled him,
went home satisfied.
On another occasion, just as he was closing
the store for the night, a woman entered and
asked for half a pound of tea. The tea was
weighed out and paid for, and the store was
left for the night. The next morning Abra-
ham entered to begin the duties of the day,
when he discovered a four ounce weight on
the scales. He saw at once that he had made
a mistake, and, shutting the store, he took a
long walk before breakfast to deliver the re-
mainder of the tea. His biographer remarks
that these are very humble incidents, but they
illustrate his sensitive honesty better perhaps
than they would if they were of greater mo-
ment.
About this period of his life, ho was ap-
pointed post-master for New Saletn. The
business and the emoluments of the office were
both very small, and it was given to him, be-
cause he was the only man in the neighbor-
hood willing to take it, who could make out
the returns. Not willing to be tied to the
office, as it yielded him no revenue that would
reward him for the confinement, he made a
post-ofBce of his hat. Whenever he went out,
the letters were placed in his hat. He kept
the office till it was di-^continued or removed,
but his accounts with the post-office depart-
ment were not settled till several years after-
wards. In connection with this settlement
occurs an interesting exhibition of his rigid
honesty.
It was after he had become a lawyer, and
had been a legislator. He had passed through
a period of great poverty, had acquired his
education in the law in the midst of many
perplexities, inconveniences and hardships,
and had met with temptations, such as few
men could resist, to make a temporary use of
any money he might have in his hands. One
day, seated in the law-office of his partner,
the agent of the post-office department en-
tered, and inquired if Abraham Lincoln waa
within. Lincoln responded to his name, and
was informed that tlie agent had called to
collect a balance due the department since the
discontinuance of the New Salem oflSce. A
shade of perplexity passed over his face, which
did not escape the notice of friends who were
present. One of them said at once : " Lincoln,
if j'ou arein want of money, let us help you."
He made no reply, but suddenly rose, and
pulled out from a pile of books a little old
trunk, and, returning to the table, asked the
agent how much the amount of his debt was.
The sum was named, and then he opened the
trunk, pulled out a little package of coin wrap-
ped in a cotton rag, and counted out the exact
sum, amounting to something more than
seventeen dollars. After the agent had left
the room, he remarked quietly that he never
used any man's money but. his own. Although
this sum had been in his hands during all
these years, he had never regarded it as avail-
able, even for any temporary purpose of his
own.
Because they have not acted on this prin-
ciple, of never using any man's money as their
own, many have suffered in reputation, and
have found themselves entangled in almost
22
THE FRIEND.
inextricable difficulties without any dishonest
intention. They have allowed money belong-
ing to others in their hands to become min-
gled with their own ; the feeling that funds
were at tlieir control has encouraged ex-
penses, or uses of it, which might have been
avoided; the want of strict business habits,
which would lead them closel^^ to scrutinize
their income, outgoings, and liahilities, has in
some cases added to their embarrassment;
and a time of reckoning has caught them
when unprepared to meet it. We doubt not
there are thousands who have had cause bt-
terly to repent that they had not been as scru-
pulous in this respect as Abraham Lincoln.
The anecdote above narrated illustrates
what was a usual habit with him. He had
always a partner in his professional life, and,
when he went out upon the circuit, this part-
ner was usually at homo. While out, he fre-
quently took up and disposed of cases that
were never entered at the office. In these
cases, afier receiving his fees, ho divided the
money in his pocket book, labeling each sura
(wrapped in a piece of paper) that belonged
to his partner, stating his name, and the case
on which it was received. He divided the
money so that if by any casualty he should
fail of an opportunity to pay it over, there
could be no dispute as to the exact amount
that was his partner's due.
The same honesty wase.xhibited in Abraham
Lincoln's conduct after he had been admitted
to the bar, and came to practice as a lawyer.
His biographer says of him : " If a man went
to him with the proposal to institute a suit,
he examined carefully the man's grounds for
the action. If these were good, ho entered
upon the case, and prosecuted it faithfully to
the end. If the grounds were not good, he
would have nothing to do with the case. He
invariably advised the applicant to dismiss
the matter, telling him frankly he had no case
and ought not to prosecute. Sometimes he
discovered, in the middle of a trial, by the
revelation of a witness, that his client had lied
to him. After the moment that ho was con-
vinced that justice was opposed to him and
his client, he lost all his enthusiasm and all
his courage. He would not strive to make
the worse appear the better reason for any
man. As a citizen, as a lover of good order,
as a man who believed in truth and justice,
ho was, by every instinct of his nature, op
posed to the success of villany and the triumph
of wrong, and he would not sell himself to
purposes of injustice and immorality. He re-
peatedly refuse I to take fees on the wrong
side of a case. When his clients had practised
gross ducepiion upon him, he forsook their
cases in mid passages; and he always refused
to accept fees of those whom ho advised not
to prosecute. On one occasion, while engaged
upon an important case, he discovered that
he was on the wrong sido. His associate in
the case was immediately informed that he
[Lincoln] would not make tho plea. The as-
sociate made it, and the case, much to the
surprise of Lincoln, was decided for his client.
Perfectly convinced that his client was wrong,
he would not receive one cent of the fee of
$900 which ho paid. It is not wonderful that
one who knew him well spoke of him as ' per-
versely honost.' "
A sheep grower sold a number of sheep at
a stipulated average price. When he delivered
tho animals, he dolivored many lambs or sheoj)
too young to come fairly within the tci'ms of
the contract. He was sued for damages by
the injured party, and Lincoln was his attor-
ney. At the trial, the facts as to the character
of the sheep delivered were proved; and
several witnesses testified as to the usage by
which all under a certain age were regarded
a-i lambs, and of inferior value. On compre-
hending the facts, Lincoln at once changed
his line of effort, and confined himself to as-
certaining the real number of inferior sheep
delivered. On addressing the jury, he said
that from the facts proved they must give a
verdict against his client, and he only asked
their scrutiny as to the actual damage suf-
fered.
Evolution, or the theory of the natural development
of forms of organic life from lower or anterior
forms or types.
From a loork entitled " Present Conflict of Science
uiith the Christian Religion," iy Herbert W.
Morris, A. M.
(Continued from pago 6.J
Though the arguments presented in the
preceding chapter, against the transmutation
of Species in general, are of conrso of equal
force against this transformation of monkeys
into men ; nay, are of tenfold greater force,
for the gulf which divides man from the mon-
key is incomparably broader and deeper than
the intervals which separate the different
species of the inferior creatures — yet, conclu-
sive as those arguments are, the evil bearings
of the theory of Natural Selection, as above
indicated, render it necessary to consider par-
ticularly the more specific facts urged by
evolutionists in support of the idea that man
is descended from the monkej".
The arguments offered in support of the
theory that the human race is descended from
the ape race are mainly based upon the fact
that there exist certain points of similarity
between the bodily structure of man and that
of the ape. "It is notorious," says Darwin,
" that a man is constructed on the same gene-
ral t3'pe or model with other mammals. All
the bones in his skeleton can bo compared
with corresponding bones in a monkey, bat,
or seal. So it is with his muscles, nerves,
bloodvessels, and internal viscera. The brain,
the most important of all the organs, follows
the same law, as shown by Huxley and other
anatomists."*
This statement, in a general and qualified
sense, is correct. All admit that man has an
animal nature; and there is no question that
his bodily frame is constructed on the same
general plan as that of other mammal crea-
tures. How could it be otherwise? Like
other mammals, man is made to live and
move and have his being on the earth, in con-
nection with and in dependence on its ma-
terial productions. He is made to eat and
drink, to rest and sleep, like thom, and to
perform numerous other functions precisely
similar to theirs. Hence his bodily structure
and theirs of necessity must exhibit manj'
points of rcscinblanee, more or less remote.
The animal frame of man, all acknowledge,
has been moulded after tho same general
type as other mammals; but that affords no
grounds for the assumption that they are of
tho same origin. All steam-engines are con-
structed on the same general ])rinciple, and
have many ])arts that can br coMiparod one
with another; but that is no cviilcnci' that
* />c,-r,-,iN>/- .!/.(«, Vol. 1., 10.
the Stationary Engine in the factory, an 1 th '
Locomotive on the Railroad have been mad j
in the same workshop, much less that bot
have descended from one and the same en£
parent. Man's corporeal frame resembles tha
of the ape, not because he is descended frot
the ape, but because he requires for his hab
tat and special mode of life precisely such
bodily structure as he possesses. If thi
argument of evolutionists is, in itself, wort
anything, it will prove quite as conclusivel
that tho ape is descended from man — indeec
a little more so, for to degenerate from
higher to a lower is by far the more previ
lent course of nature.
Of extant or living monkeys, which th
advocates of Development designate as bein
m<)w like, there are four tribes, tho Gibbot
the Orang, the Chimpanzee, and tho Gorilla
and of these they have chosen the last for con
parison with man, as coming upon the whol
the nearest to the human form, and for thi
reason serving their purpose best. We shal
therefore, confine our observations for th
most part to the same.
Between Man and the Gorilla there exis
many points of wide and distinctive differena
and to these we now wish to call the attec
tion of the reader.
1. Difference in general aspect and habits.-
The Gorilla is an inhabitant of the equatoria
regions of western Africa. It is a savage-loot
ing quadruped, thickly covered with coars
black hair, excepting the face and oars. Stanc
ing on its hind legs, which it sometime
awkwardly does, it is found to measure neai
1}^ five feet in height. Across the shoulder
it is disproportionately broad, the girth of it
chest being almost equal to its height. Th
fivco is of a dark brown color, almost blact
The face is ver^' wide and of great elongatioi
The eyes are ver}' large ; the nose broad an
quite flat, with wide open nostrils. The cran
um is low and of voiy small capacity; th
muzzle broad, and exhibiting a frightful arra
of teeth ; the lips are coarse and prominent
the under one being remarkably elastic an
mobile, and, when the animal is enraget
hangs down over the chin. On the head
high ridge, or crest of hair, resembling man(
which meets a transverse ridge of the e
running round from tho back of one ear to th
other. The animal has the power of movin
the scalp freely forward and backward, an
when angrj' is said to contract it strong!
over the brow, thus bringing down the hair
ridge, and pointing the hair forward, so as t
present a most ferocious aspect.
The neck is short, thick, and hairy ; th
arms are very long, reaching some waj' belo'
the knee; and the hands are huge, the thum
being much larger than the fingers.
The gait is shuffling; tho motion of tl:
body, which is never upright as in man, bi
bent forward, is rolling from side to side
advances by thrusting its arms forward, res
ing tho hands on tho ground, and then givin
tlio body a half-jumping, halfswinging
tion between them.
Tho dwelling of the Gorilla, if such a thin
can be called a dwelling, consists simplj'
a few sticks and leaves, supported by th
crotches and limbs of a troo ; it affords
shelter from rain or sunshine, and is occupic
only at night.
(To bo conllniiod.)
'I'lio luxury of luxuries is that of doing goo
THE FRIEND.
THE FRIEND.
EIGHTH MONTH 31, 1878.
We have transferred to our columns an
lilorial article from the Philadelphia Public
edgeroHhe 20th inst., entitled, "Wide Range
' Quaker Influence," which has special in-
irest to raombers of our religious Society,
id particularly so to those of Philadelphia
id its vicinity; inasmuch as the essay of
runo Bauer, which is commented on, gives
rorainence to William Penn as a represen-
itive type of the Society of Friends, and
baracterizes his " holy experiment" of found-
ig a colony here as a model of religious and
vil liberty, which has influenced the world
otably for good. It is doubtless quite natural
lat wo of this day may with too much self-
Dmplacency plume ourselves upon the influ-
nee which our Society has had and now
ossesses in moulding the views and practices
f the world at large in regard to the special
rinciples that we have always professed ; and
re would be far from cultivating such a senti-
leut in any sense of self exaltation. There
re around us so many proofs of the supin
ess of the majority of those who claim to
epre-^ent the Society of Friends, and their
nfaithfulness to its true objects, that we can
ardly appropriate much of the commend:
ion that occasionally falls from the pens of
ithers respecting its influence, to our personal
nerit. Nevertheless, it is well that we should
;ather up and examine such testimonies as
"hese to the intrinsic worth of those prin-
liplcs upon which the religious association of
tVilliam Penn and his coadjutors was based,
is a means of stimulating us to greater zeal
ind energy in adhering to and pressing them to
,heir legitimate consummation. The particular
ihase of Quakerism that is commented on by
,he essay in question, is religious liberty, or
iccording the free exercise of the rights of
jonsciencc to all by the ruling power in gov-
!rnmcnts. We can scarcely appreciate, in
;his day and country, how great an advance
luuh a liberty was upon the ideas and prac-
,ices that prevailed at the rise of the Society.
^Vherever the Romish sacerdotal power held
iway, in Europe or America, she used the
secular arm of government in forcing the con-
sciences of men to conform to her ritual.
Scott, in his Commentaries on Revelations,
remarks, " It was given to the beast to wage
war against the saints and to overcome them
and no computation can reach the numbers
who have been put to death in different ways
on account of their maintaining the profession
of the gospel and opposing the corruptions of
the Church of Rome. A million of the poor
Waldenses perished in France; nine hundred
thousand orthodox Christians were slain in
less than thirty years after the institution of
the Jesuits ; the Duke of Alva boasted of hav-
ing put thirty-six thousand to death in the
Netherlands by the hands of the common
executioner during the space of a few years.
The Inquisition destroyed by various tortures,
one hundred and fifty thousand Christians
within thirty years." It was not only the
governments which were under Romish sway
that used their power to coerce their subjects
in matters of religion. The Lutherans, the
Episcopalian.s, the Presbyterians, and the In
dependents, all in turn, as they succeeded in'stroyed,
holding the reins, persecuted those who dis-
sentedfrom them in faith, and strove to en-
force uniformity by the civil power. A great
stride has indeed been taken by most ot the
European powers since Penn's day in grant-
ig religious toleration, and doubtless his
experiment" has had a large share in bring
ig on this step, although Roger Williams had
asserted the same principles, and carried them
out, in founding the colony of Rhode Island
n 1638.
The fifth article of the late treaty of Berlin,
is a striking and encouraging proof of the
world's progress in this direction. It pro-
vides that " the following shall form the basis
of the public laws of Bulgaria: Distinction
of religious belief or confession shall not
operate against any one as a reason of exclu
sion or incapacity in what concerns enjoy
ment of political rights, admission to public
employment, functions of honors, or the exer
cise of the different professions and industries
Liberty of public professions of all creeds shall
be assured to all the returned population of
Bulgaria, as well as to strangers. No tram-
mel shall be imposed upon the hierarchic or-
ganization of ditt'orent communions, or their
relations with their spiritual chiefs."
Whatever advantage may have accrued to
mankind by the advocacy and example of the
Society of Friends respecting religiousliberty,
civil freedom, peace between nations, Integrity
in dealing, temperance, or other beneficent
practices, is simply to be imputed to their
being the outgrowth of those i nvaluable truths
promulgated' by the Redeemer of mankind,
and their obedient reception by those mem-
bers of the Society who truly represent its
principles. Those truths are inseparable ele-
ments, of one harmonious plan for the eleva-
tion and happiness of man, and f n- glorifying
his Creator. " For this cause came I into tht
world, that I should bear witness to the truth
Every one that is of the truth heareth my
voice," was Christ's language to Fdate when
he questioned Him of His kingdom and ob-
jects. His Sermon on the Mount exhibited
these truths in their practical application to
daily life. Men generally treat them as Uto-
pian in their ultimate and literal scope, and
hence have fiiiled to realize the fulness of the
blessing which would have accompanied their
simple reception. The early Friends, and
some of later days have heard Christ's voice,
and obeying His commandments, have shone
as lights in the world in exemplifying the
harmony and adaptation of all His precepts
to the needs of mankind.
If William Penn had rejected those com-
mands of Christ which enjoin taking up the
cross daily, the duty of forsaking even father
and mother in order to follow the Saviour,
and to " resist not evil," he would not have
been prepared to found and succe-'sf.illy carry
on a government based on the power of Chris-
tian love to subdue the passions of men, and
conciliate even the untutored savage.
We need, as a Society, to rally again to the
united support of all the doctrines and testi-
monies of Wm. Penn and the early Friends,
in renewed faith that they must ultimately
prevail because they proceed from Christ him-
self. That the little sfo«e cut out of the moun-
SUMM.\RY OF EVENTS.
United States.— The Tisitation of yellow fever in
the South seems to be steadily increasing. From the
tirst to the twentieth of this month, there had been 1220
cases in the city of New Orleans, with 357 deatlis, of
h only ei}<ht were native adults. The average
number of daily deaths from the fever in that city, has
ately been about -lU. In the little town of Grenada
about one-twentieth part of the whole population have
died from the fever.
There is now in the Sub-Treasury at San Francisco,
$12,000,000 in gold. The accnmulation of this unpre-
cedentedly large amount is due to two causes. One is the
unusually large payments which have been made to the
Government for currency obligations, and the other the
purchase of a large amount of silver certificates for gold
for shipment East. It is now doubtful whether the ex-
periment of sending the coin as third-class mail matter
will be resorted to.
The business of the money-order branch of the Post-
office Department shows a steady increase, both in the
domestic and foreign exchanges.
For the quarter ending 3d rao. 31st, there was re-
mitted from the United States to Great Britain upwards
of £37,000, and received from there £17,000, leaving a
balance to be remitted in settlement of account of up-
ward of £20,000. The remittances of the previous
quarter, which, including the holidays, is always the
largest of the year, aggregated £50,000 sent from this
country and £17,000 received from Great Britain.
The aver.ige quarterly remittances from Germany
; about $215,000, and the amount sent thither about
$190,000.
Switzerland receives from the United States about
$45,000 and sends $25,000 here per quarter.
Money-order exchanges with Italy have only been in
operation since 7th mo. 1st, 1877. The quarterly aver-
ages are about $28,000 sent to that country and less
than $2000 received from thence.
Canada remits an average of about $100,000 and re-
ceives about $75,000, being the only Government with
which we have money-order exchanges where the bal-
ance is in favor of the United States. This arises from
the fact that the system is used between the United
Slates and Canada for commercial purposes, while with
the European nations its use is confined almost wholly
to social purposes.
It is computed that California will have 750,000 tons
of wheat to export to foreign countries the present year,
which would be freight for several hundred large ships,
without talcing into account other exports.
During 48 hours, ending at midniglit of the 25th,
there had been received in New York, 525,900 bushels
of wheat, in 1169 cars.
The City of B.iltimore recently exported to France,
in two days, 322,368 bushels of wheat.
A man named Benton is travelling through California
taking contracts to destroy the squirrels which have
hitherto been so formidable a plague to farmers. The
Los Angeles Herald says that at "the ranche of R. T.
Buell he killed 13,470; at J. S. Bell's, 10,000; at the
Sturgis Brothers', 4000 ; at S. P. Stowe's, 6000 ; at W.
W. HoUister's, 2700.
The aggregate crop of cranberries in New Jersey, m
a favorable season, exceeds half a million bushels.
The migratory quails of Western Vermont are prov-
ing indefatigable destroyers of the potato beetles. _
The reintroductiou of salmon and other species of
fish into our eastern rivers, has apparently been attend-
ed with the unlooked for result of attracting sharks to
the mouths of these streams. A lad bathing at Brooklyn
was recently terribly bitten by a shark, and although
rescued alive by a companion, afterwards died from his
injuries. Bathing has been a common practice in New
York harbor, and no such occurrence has previously
been noticed for many years.
A man fishing near the mouth of the Housatonic
river hooked a fine striped bass, and, as he was hauling
in the prize, what was his astonishment to behold a
large shark make a dash for it and take it, tackle and
all. The shark was eight or nine feet long.
While a party of 250 persons was ascending Mount
Washington by rail last week, the engine of the last
train broke a cog wheel near " Jacob's Ladder," but the
accident merely brought the engine and cars to a stand
still. This is considered proof of the safety of this re-
markable railroad.
During a violent thunder storm in Muscatine, Iowa,
pieces the false image that aspires to reach 1 Three creeks which traverse the cit.
i , , =,,. ,, I „i n Ian hour, causing great destruction ol property,
unto heaven, and, falling the whole earth,, ^ correspondent of the New York Kme^, at Dodge
shall set up a kingdom that will never be de- ^jty^ j^e principal shipping point, thinks the drive of
' Texas cattle this year will be between 225,000 and 250,-
24
THE FRIEND.
000 head. Some of the best blooded stock have been is that it is delaying a settlement with Greece and
introdnced, improving the quality of the increase, and Rnssia, and api>arently favoring the opposition made
enabling the plainsfed beeves to" bring high prices in to that extension of power by Austria and Servia au-
the Eastern markets. An Oregon paper states that thorized by the Berlin Treaty. The foundation is thus
100,000 head of cattle from Eastern Oregon and Wash- being laid for a new war, one that will in all proba-
ino-ton Territory, and from Snake river, Yakima and bility forever settle one phase of the Eastern question
Walla-Walla counties, are ready to be driven across^ by the expulsion of the Turk from Europe.
the plains. Some of these will be kept in Colorado, Last year's revenue of the German Central Exche-
Nebraska and Wyoming until the prices improve, while quer falls short of the estimate by f 3,000,000, all the
others will be driven at once to Omaha. The buffalo | branches of the Customs and Excise departments suffer-
plains and the middle portion of the continent, together ing from the continued depression of trade. The deficit
with the Pacific States, are rapidly taking the place of is covered by the savings of the occupation money paid
Texas as the great feeding grounds, and are leading in [ by France. A rapid increase of indirect taxation is
the production of beef. The estimated returns for this 'looked for.
year gives Colorado, 550,000 head ; Wyoming, 225,000 ; The Island of Cyprus having been transferred from
Utah, 350,000; Washington, 200,000'; Montana, 300,- Turkish to British control, a change in the postal ar-
000; Oregon, 175,000, and California, 650,000. In ad- |rangements follows as a natural consequence, and the
dition to these, there are raised in Florida thousands of British Government has applied to the nations belong-
head of cattle, whose meat is as tender as any that can ing to the International Postal Union for the admission
be had in the North. The choicest pieces of Florida of Cyprus, under the Treaty of Berne, as a British de-
beef can be bought for eight cents a pound, and the i pendency. Having, as Turkish territory, been in the
average for five cents; while in the North, with the ad- Union, there will be no opposition to the transfer. The
vantagesof rapid transportation, double those prices are assent of the United States was forwarded on the 22d
paid
The Chinese embassy will take up their residence in
Washington about the middle of next month, and pre-
sent themselves to the President after his return from
Minnesota. It is announced by their American Secre-
tary that they do not intend to give grand entertain-
ments, but desire to live quietly and attend to the busi-
ness upon which they were sent.
The report of interments in the city of Philadelphia,
for the week ending 24tli inst., show a decided decrease,
viz: 283 as compared with 353 of the previous week.
Markets, &c. — American gold 100^. U. S. sixes,
1881, 107|; 5-20's, 1865, 102§; do- 1867, 105J ; do.
1868, 107 ; new o's, 106 ; new 4rs, 104J ; new 4's, 100|.
Cotton, 12J to 12]- cts. Flour, Minnesota extra, 85.75
a S7 ; Penna. and western, $4.70 a $5.40. Rye flour,
$3.12J, and corn meal, $2.75 per barrel. Wheat, red
and amber, SI a $1.07 ; white, $1.08 a $1.12. Rye, 57
a 60 cts. Corn, 46 a 51 cts. Oats, 25 a 33 cts.
Beef cattle, sales of 4300 head at 31 a oj cts. per lb.
Sheep, 16,000 head at 3 to 4| cts.
Foreign. — Dr. Nobiling, who attempted to assassi-
nate Emperor William, is suspected of feigning mad-
ness. He will shortly be conveyed to a lunatic asylum,
to be placed under the observation of experts.
A religious fanatic named Lazzaretti, who called
himself " David the Saint," and had established a semi-
political and religious sect near Grosseto, a little town
between Leghorn and Civita Vecchia, has been attract-
ing the attention of all Italy. He had declared himself
to be Christ come again, and had chosen twelve apos-
tles, and surrounded himself with a large number of
proselytes, who required the surrender of all property
for common benefit, and the labor of all alike for the
society, the latter undertaking to maintain them and
their families and educate their children. Their creed
is an extended paraphra.se of the Nicene creed, with
some alterations in a Protestant sense.
On the morning of the 18th instant the prophet, at
the head of between two thousand and three thousand
followers, started for the village of Arcidosso. His pur-
pose is not known, but it is said it was not peaceful. A
hundred believers, dre.ssed in white tunias, like ancient
Jewish priests, led the column. At their head walked
David, the saint, attired in a half-regal and half-ponti-
fical costume, with a diadem on his head, and an iron-
studded club in his hand. The procession sang a hymn
with the refrain, " Long live God and the Christian
Republic!" "Praise be to Christ — come a second time
on earth I"
The mob was met half way by a delegate of pol
accompanied by nine carbineers, who invited them to
ilis|iiTsc. l'|MjTi this David cried, "I am the king!"
ami ordereil liis fi.llowers to disarm the soldier.s. As
Ik- spoke :i di.-c'li;irge of firearms was made upon the
piilicc, anil a sIkiwi-]- of stones followed. Again the
(Icligatc g:ivi' tln' reqiii-lle warning to dispeisc, whirh
was IbllDwed by ilie ]ini|iliet aiming a blow at liiui with
tin; cIiiIp. Tlu-n the [jiiliee, finding themselves sur-
ronndcil, opened fire. Among the first to fall was the
lirophet, who was shot full in the forehead. His fol-
lowers, seeing their leader down, gave way. Four of
Monclii
las been in session
1 week. Germany
The paper currency of Austria has risen to the level
of silver, and the question of resumption is beginning
to be agitated, but is complicated there as here with
that of the proper relation of silver and gold.
RECEIPTS.
Received from Susan J. Yerkes, Fkfd., $2.10, vol. 52 ;
from Ambrose Smith, for copy to Md., $2.10, and Re-
becca W. Smith, City, $2, vol. 52 ; from Marv B. Young,
lo., $2.15, vol. 52; from Jacob W. Fry, City", $2, vol. 52,
and for Susanna R. Leeds and Priscilla M. Lippincott,
N. J., $2.10 each, vol. 52; from Samuel Allen, Citv,
*2, vol. 52, and for Horatio G. Cooper, Pa., $2.10, vol.
from Samuel F. Troth, City, -2, vol. 52; from
Hannah Kite, Citv, $2, vol. 52 ; from Charles M. Cooper,
N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from N. Newlin Stokes, M. D.,
N. J., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Joseph Walton, City, $2,
vol. 52 ; from Richard C. Shoemaker, Pa., $2.10, vol.
52; from Rebecca Kay, N. J., $2.10, vol. 62; from
James Harkness, lo., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Russell
laber, It 2.10, vol. 52; from Jacob Reeder, lo., $2.10,
pol. 52; from Richard P. Gibbons, Del., $2.10, vol.52;
from Hannah H. Dilks, Ind., 5-2.10, vol. 52; from
Edmund S. Fowler, Agent, O., for James Bowm.an,
Stephen Hobson, Edwin Hollingsworth, Thom.as Hob-
son, Elwood Dean, Caleb Eiigle, Daniel M. Mott,
Thomas Bundy, Joseph Penrose, and John S. Fowler,
$2.10 each, vol. 52 ; from Levi Varn?y, Canada, $2, vol.
and for William Valentine, $2, vol. 52 ; from Josiah
■_', and for Amy Middleton
.111 rich, vol. 52 ; from Wil-
. ■'■2 ; from John H. Ballin-
anil for Daniel Middleton,
s Taber, Mass., :f2.10, vol.
52, and for William R. Taber, *2.10, vol. 52; from
Samuel Williams, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Caleb
Darnell, '52.10, vol. 52; from Richard Biizby, N. J
ol. 52; from Sarah Bacon, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52;
L. Haines, Citv, Si', v<
and ElmaHai'nvs, .\..l
iam J. Jenks, Ciiv, -J
ger, N. J., $2.10, 'vol.
$2.10, vol. 52 ; from Fi
from Thomas Twining,
N. Y
$2.10,
$2.10, vol. 52; fi
.'ol. 52 ; from Joseph
, an.l lor Pennell L.
IImii Mitirew, Agent,
Ib.ylr and Sarah V.
Charles B. Shcppard,
William E. Tatum, N. J.,
■ ~ ■ - - - jjgjo^
Willit-, S-J,lncael,, V..1.
Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; fri
$2.20, vol. 52; from Ruth A. Crandall, R.
vol. 52 ; from Thomas M. Harvey, Agent, P.-
vol. 52, and for Susanna Chanihors, X,ith:in f'n
dee Haines, Thomas II. Whilson, Clmk .,ii
Martha H. Linton, and .lane Aim I'l-m i
e.ach, vol. 52; from CaKI) Hmhims :iijd ( huh
Pa.,$2.10,.Mrl,, vnl
$2.10,
vol. 52 ; from Rufus Churchill, N. S., $4, vol. 52,
copies; from R. B. Jones, City, $2.10, vol.52; fro
John Trimble, Agent, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52, and for CaU
E. Thomas, Rebecca Larkin, Harvey Thomas, Job
Hill, Caleb Webster and Nathan Pennell, $2.10 eac
vol. 52; from John Woolman, City, $2, vol. 52; fro
Tacy R. Satterthwaite, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; for Cliarh
W. Warrington, City, $2, vol. 62 ; from Charles Wi
liams, Gtn., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Richard J. Allen, Cit-
$2, vol. 52; from Nathan B. Willits, N. J., $2.10, vo
52 ; from Ann Burges.s, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Joh
W. Biddle, City, *2, vol. 52, and for William. Bidd'
and Samuel Biddle, $2 e.ach, vol. 52, and Georj
Jone.s, f4, vol. 52, 2 copies; from Henry Wood, N. ^
■?2.10, vol. 52 ; from Hannah Stevenson, 111., $2.10, v(
52; ffom Mary B. Buffinton, Mass., §2.10, vol.52; froi
Jesse Haines, Pa., S2.10, vol. 52 ; from Daniel Nii
Vt. $2.10, to No. 18, vol. 52; from Seneca E. Maloni
City, $2, vol. 52 ; from Martha T. Cox, Gtn., $2.10, vo
52; from Ann VV. Comfort, Mich., per Woolston Com
fort, $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Stephen M. Brinton, Pa
$2.10, vol. 52 ; from William B. Oliver, Ma.ss., S2.1(
vol. 52 ; from Levi B. Stoke.s, Gtn., $2.10, vol. 52.
Remittances received after Fourth-day morning will m
appear in the Receipts until the following week.
WANTED
A well qualified woman Friend as Matron at Friend:
Asylum for the Insane, near FrankforJ, Philadelphia
Apply to
Samuel Morris, Olney, Philada.
John E. Carter, Fisher's Lane, Germantown.
CORRECTION.— In the o'.ituary notice of Danie
Wills, published last week, the date should be 7th mo
20th, instead of 28th, as printed.
MOORESTOWN ACADEMY
Will be opened 9th mo. 2d, under the care of Cheste
Monthly Meeting of Friends, for children of both sexes
Richard T. Cadbury, Principal.
Anna Woolman, Assistant.
HADDONFIELD ACADEMY,
Under the care of Haddonfield Monthly Meeting, wi)
open on the 2nd of Ninth month, 1878, for boys ai
girls. A few boarders will be taken. Apply lo
Charles W. Ryder, Principal,
Haddonfield, New Jersey.
The Yearlv Meetings Committee on Education hav^
appointed Richard J. Allen, No. 119 Arch St., Phila
delphia, to receive applications from teachers wantini
situations, and committees or others who desire to em
ploy teachers among Friends.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A well qualified woman is wanted to take the situa
tion of Nurse in the Boy.s' Department.
Application may be made to ,
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Chester Co., Pa. i
Su.sanna F. Sharpless, Street Road, " " " '
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, New Jersev. i
Elizabeth R. Evans, 252 S. Front St., Phiiada. |
Married, at Middlctown, Delaware Co., Pa , on 5ll
mo. 9th, 1S7S, Pkn-n-i-il L. Weiister to Mary Vf\
Yarnall, diMiuliln Mlth-- l:il,. Isaac Yarnall.
vol.52;
62, and
Ilaigl.l,
-aao Roberts, Pa,, *2.1ll,
V-ent, N. Y., $2.10, vol.
..vi H. Atwaler, H. S.
hI Samuel Chadb:.nrne,
change ; and
the lifting u
and we bclh
Lord's time
<-r upon him
Stephen II. Foslti-, 111., $2.10, vol. 52; fronx Mary P.
Gilibons, City, $2, vol. 52 ; from Josiah Bacon, City,
$2.05, vol. 52; from Jacob Koberl.s and Josiah A.
Rol>erts, Pa., $2.10 each, vol. 52; from Rebecca Wistiir,
N.J,, 1*2.10, vol. 52; from Joseph E. Troth, N. J.,
-2 10, vol. 52; from Hannah Roberts, Pa., $2.10, vol.
vj ; li.MU Dr. Samuel Whitnll, N. York City, $2.10, vol.
• )J, jiid for Frances S. Culbert.son, Kan., $2,111, vol. 52;
In.,, I John WaiiuT, I'a., li.T Ira. I. Parker, P, M„ $2,10,
Chrial
.1.-],- 11,11- --■ i\ I- n-, !i. w ,-.',, ah Iril 1,1 realize his sins W
- i : I ... ,,,^1 l.i h.. elolhed with th«
, : , .ii, '1,1-1,1 s,, imd we trust liM
l,.i:i i.r.iuA I, i\n: J,,nvli uiiimph.im in heaven.
— '-, at her residciiee in I'enn.sbiirv, Chester Co., Pa-
Third month 5lh, 1878, Lydia Brinton, in the 93d
year of her nge, an esteemed member of Kennett Month-
ly Meeting of Friends.
, on the 3d of Seventh month, 1878, Mary Jans,
wife of Charles E. Gausc, at their residence in Plain-
field, N. J., in the -"ilst voar of her age, an esteemed
member of Pl„inri,-l,l P, , |.:,r,,l^ ,■ ii.ul K ,hw:,v and
Plainfield M.
that she w.-is ,
l.lv M,
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, KINTH MONTH
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
"rice, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not pai.d
in advance $2.-50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Subscription-) and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT no. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For "Tlie Friend."
Letters from UiifrcqiuMited Places.
(Continued from page IS.)
5th mo. 8th. We have spent a day on the
Josphorua, introduced oui-selves to the Black
»ea, and returned delighted with the excar-
ion. Steamers run up and down, making
tops all along, and running close u]i to the
loors, as if we were on the Grand Canal in
iTenice. Her last stop was on the Asiatic
lide. The whole trip was one beautiful mov-
ng panorama, the shores on both sides lined
yith palaces and fine dwellings and buildings
)fall kinds and uses— the hills rise up behind
,hem dotted with villas, and clad in fresh
ipring verdure and flowers. The tall d.irk
iypresaes stand out in bold relief. They pre-
vail in all Turkish cemeteries, and in looking
)ver a landscape we need not ask what those
iark spots are. On the water were floating
ill kinds of craft, in great numbers, from the
wreat men of war and giant steamers, down to
Lhe brisk little caiques that are shooting about
Bvery whore. That excursion occupied Second-
day, and yesterday morning we were glad-
dened by the arrival of several Cairo acquaint-
ance— they had followed on our track all
through Palestine and Syria. With some of
them we went on the Golden Horn, and across
it to Stamboul yesterday. You know that
Stamboul is Constantinople proper. We are
in Pera, on the north side of the Golden Horn,
ar, rather, on the northwest — on the eastern
Is Scutari, on the Asiatic side, across the
Bosphorus.
I said when approaching Constantinople
From the Marmora, that it looked more like
N"ew York, or the approach to New York, of
any place I had seen. To-day we are going
to visit the Sublime Porte, St. Sophia, &c.
The mosques have been used for hospitals, but
we are told that Santa Sophia has been cleaned
out and fumigated, and that it will be quite
to go there. Some of our fellow-travel
lers went when it was filled with sick refugees
two weeks ago, they said there was plenty of
chloride of lime about. Others of our com-
panions have gone to ride along the lines of
the encamped array. We have seen many
large encampments far and near, but have not
visited any. I am writing with cold fingers
— mercury at 60° — there is a nice stove, and
wood in a box, but as I go out soon, have no
fire. This is our second or third spring.
5th mo. 10th. We have been busy sight-
seeing, and do a little every day. We ride all
we can, for it is miserable walking among the
crowds of refugees, and the wonderful mix-
ture of human beings that throng the streets,
and the pavements are such that it is almost
as bad riding over them as oyer the Jerusalem
and Jaffa road. My company have all gone
up the Bosphorus and I have been out poer-
'ng about by myself. I went out to get some
ink and so wandered on. Yesterday we went
to see the Sultan, with hundreds of others,
just to see him ride on horseback from his
palace to a mosque near by, it being the Mus-
lem sabbath. There was a great display of
tary of all grades, and we had not seen
many of the gold-bedecked Turks before —
some of them were very fine looking men.
We waited the hour that the Saltan was at
his prayers, and saw him again. After he
dismounted on his arrival, his beautiful horse
was led back to the palace, and in duo time a
■riage sent to take him home. Poor man I
all thought that he looked pale and worn,
if he carried a great weight upon his mind.
I thought perhaps he would look brighter
fter his religious exercises, but he did not —
he took his seat in the carriage, leaned back
and crossed his hands, looking as woe begone
as ever, and scarcely noticed the salutes of
his generals and officers who wei-e stationed
near. I felt rather sorry for him, and yet I
would like to see him gently lifted out of his
throne, and this country, and a more civilized
government substituted. The poor Syrians
say, " Give us anything but this oppressive
Turkish rule."
You have heard of the dogs of Constanti-
nople? Well, they are here yet, lying about
in the daytime asleep, in everybody's way, or
snarling at you and at each other. At night
they keep up a disturbance, many barking at
once; occasionally they quiet down and you
think they are going to sleep themselves, and
let you do the same, then something stirs up
one, and that starts the whole ci-owd off again
Nobody owns them, they are a community of
themselves. An extermination of some of
them would be a great favor to the pcopl
who do iwt like to stumble over them or to
bo snapped at.
I must tell you what a frightful way they
have here of managing their funerals. We
may be on the street and hear a sort of sing-
ing or chanting, and see a thicker crowd than
usual (the streets are always full), and soon a
priest appears, and then some men carrying
something the sight of which startles you, for
there, exposed to public view, and the hot sun,
lies a corpse, arrayed in the best clothes the
person owned, with flowers tucked iu around
it. The first one of the kind I saw in Athens,
and daily meet them here. The cover of the
casket, highly ornamented, is carried with
other "sacred" ornaments, at the head of the
procession. In Cairo the Musselmen carry
their dead in a half sitting posture, no coffins,
but the remains always covered with Persian
shawls, or stuffs imitating them as nearly as
they could. I shall not be sorry to leave all
these strange people and their customs be-
hind, and get back to European people and
customs.
5th mo. 14th. We made a daring visit to
Santa Sophia, and, with the process of clean-
ng going on, it appeared to disadvantage.
One of my early dreams was a desire to see
this mosque, having read in mj' youth that it
was at the risk of his life for any Frank man
to enter a mosque, and also of a woman who
disijuised herself as a Turk and went to St.
Sophia at the time of the feast of the Rama-
dan, when it was illuminate!. I was im-
pressed the first time I entered a mosque, and
looked upon the kneelingand prostrate crowd,
but now St. Sophia did not astonish me, es-
pecially in the dirty state in which we found
t, and I admire the outside more than the
nside. I looked at it as quickly as possible,
and retreated to the outside air. There is a
mosque in Stamboul with six minarets, which
is a verj' pretty structure.
Yesterday 1 went up the Bosphorus again.
We stopped on the way an hour to visit an
" American College" most beautifully situated
on an eminence overlooking a long stretch of
the Bosphorus, and Europe and Asia on etiher
side. The college is prospering, and has edu-
cated a great many young men, who are now
active in the world, and making good use of
the knowledge of Christianity and civilization
which they have gained.
A trip up the Golden Horn was also a great
pleasure. We went in a steamer a mile or
two, then took a caique and rowed up another
mile or two through sylvan scenes until we
came to the walls of a palace and its surround-
ings: we were allowed to enter and walk
miles if we chose, also to enter and be shown
over the palace, which is expi-essly for sum-
mer use, and seldom used at all, but all kept
in order and quite oriental. The beautiful
gardens and parks interested me most — there
were flowers and fountains and various kinds
of web footed birds, from the large black swan
to the tiny duckling, swimming in the streams
— and peacocks were strutting about by the
dozen.
These caiques are a mixture of Indian
canoe and gondola, and very lovely it is to
float about in them. We sit on a low seat,
our heads just above the sides, and enjoy the
swift and quiet gliding over the water and
among the varieties of craft. There are said
to be nearly 100,000 of these little caiques
plying on the waters of Stamboul and its sur-
roundings. Says an author, "Nowhere does
the sea come so close home to a city as to the
Mahomedan capital. There are no pebbly
shores, no sandbars, no slimy river-beds, no
locks, no docks to divide the very heart of the
place from the deep watei-s. If, being in the
noisiest mart of Stamboul, you would stroll to
the quiet side of the way, amid the cypresses
opposite, you
will cross the fathomless Bos-
26
THE FRIEND.
phonis. If 3'ou would go from your hotel to
the bazaars, you must pass by the bright blue
pathway of the Golden norn, thut cau carry
a thousand sail of the line. You are accus-
tomed to the gondolas that glide among the
palaces of Venice ; but here at Stamboul it is
a one hundred and twenty-gun ship that meets
you in the streets!"
We have earthquakes here. Just before
we came there was one that rocked things
smartly, both on land and sea, and last week
we had quite a shako. I lr)oked from my room
down a long, narrow hall, and saw the wall
vibrating like a sheet of paper held up and
shaken a little. I said, " it must be a cloth
and paper wall," but on testing found it solid.
For " The Friend."
Extracts from Letters of Margaret Morris.
(ContiQued from page 19.)
Although the following letter is somewhat
of a recapitulation of some events heretofore
narrated in this correspondence, yet as it en-
ters rather more into detail, it was thought
best to include it, as showing how this in-
teresting woman was sustained under com-
plicated and unusual trials.
To Guliema Maria Smith, {without date.)
I concluded a letter to thee last 5th or 6th
day, which was begun long before, and for
want of time to write lay in the letter case.
We were encouraged to flatter ourselves, that
day being the seventh from the time our be-
loved B. S. was taken ill, that the disorder
was going off, as some favorable symptoms
appeared — but alas! it was only a flash, for
he grew worse, and it was only a short time
before we were obliged to relinquish all hopes.
The dear, innocent, worthy young man, was
taken from us between 3 and 4 in the after-
noon. I sent for his brother when I perceived
his change approach, and when it was all over,
felt ourselves so destitute: no man to apply
to but his weeping brother, to send out to be-
speak a coffin. I sent to Benj. Morris; he
came, though obliged to ride, being still weak
from the same fever. He went and got the
grave dug, next to my dear J. and A. M., and
))oor Joshua was obliged to bespeak a coftin,
while thy sorrowful mother was occupied, one
moment in endeavoring to keep life in thy
dear afflicted sister, and the next, in the other
room, preparing her dear son-in law for the
grave. Don't ask for particulars at this tima ;
suffice it to say, that all my efforts to soothe
and comfort my dear child are yet in vain,
and if she is favored to get through it, time
alone, assisted by the Divine goodness, must
reconcile her to the heavy stroke. I pre-
vailed on her to come to ni}' house on Second-
day, with the two maids. Before I left the
house, I had the beds, blankets, carpets, &c.,
all buried — the rooms well cleaned, &c. * *
To the same.
l'liilailtli>lii:i, lOtli luu. 2'.)lli, 17i):!.
"It is said the violence of the fever has
abated, and I hope it may prove so, but fear
that when the exiled citizens return to town
they will be fresh subjects for the contagion.
Prom our corner of Fourth St., down to G.
Guests, fifty have died that I know of and
have kept a list of, as they passed by my door;
yet, through the boundless mercy of Provi-
dence, not one has been taken away from
under my own roof; and although I have been
i-eady at times to think a double portion of
the bitter cup had been allotted to me, my
chastened heart, while under the afflictive
stroke of the rod of chastisement, has en-
deavored to say ' Thy will be done.' " * *
To the same.
Tenth month 31st.
My beloved child's letter of the 26th re-
lieved my mind of much anxiety, and amidst
the gloom that has long surrounded me, I de-
sire to be thankful that some of the dear bless-
ings of my life are excused from the sufferings
I have passed through. My dear mournful
Debby refuses to be comforted. I tell her the
Allwise Disposer of human affairs has many
arrows in His quiver, and she may, by resisting
His will, provoke Him to send forth another, and
be deprived of the dear pledges of her spotless
love. But, alas, I am a poor comforter, and
though I have long trod the dreary path of
sorrow, I find myself unequal to the task of
administering comfort to my child, who stands
much in need of it. Ah ! ray dear, thy poor
mother has hitherto had only her own bur-
dons to bear ; but now she must exert herself
to help to bear the burdens of the child who
was her delight in youth, and a comfort
through all the chequered scenes of a life
marked out hy Divine Wisdom as a sample
of the instability of human happiness ; and
now, in the decline of life, when nature calls
for retirement and a recess from the cares and
concerns of this world, and the long exerei-fcd
mind languishes to be at rest, the care of five
helpless orphans calls upon her to arouse
with redoubled confldenee in the Friend of
her youth, the spouse of her riper age, the
support of her evening, to "thank God and
take courage." These were some of the last
words of dear S. Emlen, when he called to
take leave of me before he embarked for Eng-
land, and often have I thought of them, since
I have been, as it were, in the furnace of
afltiction.
The foregoing very much concludes the ac-
count of the devastations of the yellow fever
in 1793; but the following letters to her sister
M. M. Moore, show that her many trials were
not yet ended.
1794.
My dear sister, — I am at present anxiously
engaged in attending to the fatal progress of
the scarlet fever and putrid sore throat ; my
dear little Sallie* was very suddenly seized
with it, and very soon became delirious. Drs.
Rush and Grifliths both attend her. They
wore both so candid as to tell me, she was
very dangerously ill ; hardly the shadow of
a hope remains of her recover3\ Alas! my
Patty, how many hard lessons 1 have had to
learn; indeed, I did not think it would have
been so hard for mo to part with one of these
dear orphans ; but, so it is, I am called upon
to give up all, and as Dr. Young says : " The
weeping parent builds her children's tombs."
Thy tenderly affectionate sister,
M. M.
The following from M. M. Mooro to Mar-
garet Mori'is, alludes to the death of this
child.
"The very unexpected news contained in
my beloved sister's letter of this da}' week,
was truly distressing. What a hard lesson
indeed, to learn, is true resignation ; yet how
very necessary to our happiness. 1 thought
the dear little creature was never so much
* A grand-daughter, child of Dr. Jno. and Abhy
beloved by me, as the last time I saw her, anc
I promised myself great pleasure in having
her here in the summer. She is, I trust, re
moved to a happier scene; and to wish hei
back is not wishing for her happiness, how
ever it might contribute to our own ; th(
Giver best knows when to recall such precioui
gifts, and acquiescence is certainly our duty
May we, my sincerely beloved sister, be mad(
willing to give up all that is required of ua
however great the sacrifice."
From Margaret Morris to M. M. Moore.
Eighth mo. 7th, 1797.
■ My beloved sister's two letters came t(
hand at a time I could not reply to them
while at my son J. Smith's, where my swee
Mollie* had been for several weeks; and even
letter brought me the pleasing account of hei
being grown fat and hearty, till the last in
formed me she had a fever. I soon took thi
alarm, and found on arrival it was of a biliou
kind. I sent for Dr. Mclllvaine ; but, alas, i
proved a highly putrid fever, accompaniei
with violent convulsive fits, and on Third-da;
morning, at 6 o'clock, my sweet child was vi
leased from her sufferings. There was i
necessity for her being soon interred, and th'
same evening I saw her laid in the grave, nea
to my dear sister Wells' little son. And now
my dear Patty, what can I say, but that of,
truth, death has been stamped on all or most
of m'y " pleasant pictures," and with m;
mouth in the dust, 1 can saj', "Thy will b
done." Though my foolish heart was willing
to take ])leasure in the ])rospect of rearing ,
second offspring to comfort me, for the loss o
the first, it has seemed good to Him, wh(
dooth all things right, to disappoint me, an(
I submit, without murmuring, to His decrees
* * * I hope the hot weather is nearl'
over, and that 1 shall soon have my poor littl
flock about me again; indeed, 1 feel verj
much stripped ; these dear children have 8(
entwined themselves about my heart, that
hardly know how to disengage myself fron
them. I am, my beloved sister, thy own
M. M.
The fever prevailed again both in 1797, am
1798. She thus writes to G. M. Smith :
"Philadelphia, 8th mo. 19th, 1797.
" My beloved child's letter of the IGth cam
to hand last evening, and was more accept
able than the promised visit would have been
as I was fearful of your visiting us during on
present alarming situation. The appearaiic
of a dangerous malignant fever in differen
parts of the city, has obliged many to hastei
to the country, and it was with the same in
tenfion that E. H. Morris visited all the vil
lages near to procure a house for my owi
family ; but every place is full. He wrote t<
S. Emlen in hopes of succeeding better ii
Burlington, which if he does we shall soon b'
there. * * * I have now written all tha
is necessary on the subject, and when I he
recollects the dispensation 1 passed througl;
in the desolating year of '93, will not say
am too urgent in pressing on S. E. to be ox
jieditious in giving us early information of hi;
success. Imagination sickens on a retrospec
tive view of the scenes I witnessed, and hor
a part in, at that time — and though 1 hav
fewer now to care for than 1 had then, yet a;
a merchant who has once been a bankrup
resolves to bo more careful in future, and ii
Anotlier grand-daughter, child of Dr. Jno. an
V Mcirris.
THE FRIEND.
27
endenvoriii^ to avoid his former mistakes be-
comes parsimonious, so I, who have lost half
my earthly treasure, am become a miser of
the little store that yet remains of my former
happy, prosperous days, and wish to secure,
by all allowable means, the possession a little
longer."
To the same.
Eighth mo. 22cl, 1797.
In hopes of an opportunity I steal the time
to acquaint thee with our proceedings ; and,
in the first place, inform thee that S. Emlen
has secured a good three-story house far us in
Burlington, and today we sent our household
goods. We have fixed on Fifth-day to remove
our families, if D. S. is well enough. She and
I, with the three children, are to go by land ;
my poor dear sister (Hannah Moore, now in
extreme ill health,) the three girls, my son
Eichard, and Debby's maids, in the boat ;
Eichard has engaged the captain to take no
other passengers. He has also provided a
commodious chair to set H. in and take her
down stairs, and a nice sedan to convey her
to the boat. * * * Dr. Griffiths took one
of his children out of town yesterday, and to-
morrow the others are to go ; himself and
•wife intend to stay a little longer. Our situa-
tion in town is growing very serious; the
disease (yellow fever) is making its progress
with slow but awful steps, into various parts
of the town ; the sick cart has taken several
by our door, and yesterday one that lived
i very near us was removed, and died last night.
( To my beloved C. M. M., who knows in part
the dispensation I passed through
; desolating. year of '93," it will not look strange
; that I have now given up my own will, and
■ suffered myself to be guided by my children
I in the mountainous undertaking of removing
I my family. When I take a retrospective
I view of the scenes I witnessed and bore a part
in, at that awful period, my heart sickens at
i th ■ ' ■ " "
' shou
ray children, and they should be taken away
by the malignant fever, as the others were,
i who refused to go and leave me behind, it
■would be more than 1 could bear."
Her sister bore the removal to Burlington
. very well, having, M. M. says, " a fine passage
of four hours."
His preparation consists in attending the
females and young ones, by which he is usu-
ally accompanied, to a little distance. He,
however, soon returns, with his crest erected
and projecting forward, his nostrils dilated,
and his under lip thrown down, presenting an
aspect of indescribable ferocity ; at the same
time he utters his usual yell, designed it would
seem, to terrify his antagonist. Instantlj^
unless he is disabled by a well-directed shot,
he makes an onset, and, striking his antago-
nist with the palm of his hands, or seizing
him with a gra^p from which there is no es-
cape, he dashes him on the ground and lacer-
ates him with his tusks. Such is the power
of his great jaws that he can, it is said, in-
stantly crush the barrel of a musket between
his teeth ; and his exceeding savage nature is
sufficiently indicated by the implacable des-
peration of the young, which, so far as tried,
have proved utterly untamable.
Such are the character and aspect of the
Gorilla — man's nearest ally! Now, who that,
in the exercise of simple common sense, con-
templates this animal, but must instinctively
ask. What is there about such an ugly and
ferocious beast that can be regarded as re-
sembling man? What is there in this prone
and savage quadruped to bo compared to the
erect and graceful and commanding figure of
man? What is there in its brutish face that
makes the most distant approach to the hu
man countenance, with its expressive eye, its
intellectual features, its affecting tear, and the
charm of its smile ? No more than in the grim
visage of a Grizzy Bear.
2. Difference in bodily structure. — Man differs
from the Gorilla, not simply in external ap-
pearance and expression, but also in the pro-
portions and conformations of the parts and
members composing his whole system — osse-
ous, muscular and nervous.
" The differences between Man's Skull and
that of the Gorilla are truly immense. In the
these give us for the Gorilla cranium an aver-
age of 29i cubic inches. Wo see, hence, that
lie average human brain is exactly ^/trfe times
the size of the average Gorilla brain. Pro-
fessor R. Wagner, who carefully weighed
more than 900 haman brains, states, "that it
may be safely said, that an average European
child, of /our years old, has a brain twice as
large as that of an adult Gorilla."
Man differs from the Gorilla in the forma-
tion of the Brain itself. Sremmering enumer-
ates as many as fifteen important anatomical
iliflferences. The ape brain exhibits but a
skeleton map of the human brain. The two
differ both in the disposition and proportions
of their convolutions; and these convolutions,
in the middle and frontal lobes, are developed,
M. de Quatrefages informs us, in an inverse
order of time.
The great French anatomist, Cuvier, hold
that the distinctions between Man's organism
and the organism of the highest among the
boasts are of such magnitude and importance
that the human race cannot be classified as
belonging to the same " Order" with any other
creature, but must be regarded as constituting
an " Order by itself." And Professor Owon,
at the present time, holds the same opinion.
And Professor Huxley, though an avowed
friend of the Development Theory, finds him-
self constrained to make this acknowledgment
— "I must guard myself against a form of
misunderstanding, which is very prevalent,
viz., that the structural differences between
Man and the highest apes are small and in-
significant. Let me take this opportunity,
then, of distinctly asserting, on the contrary,
that they are great and significant ; that every
bone of a Gorilla bears marks by which it
might be distinguished from the correspond-
ing bone of a man ; and that in the present
creation, at any rate, no intermediate link
bridges over the gap between Bomo and Trog-
lodytes. It would be no less wrong than
u UU.VU i»...^. (-v.. .„-,... ^ -- mat ot tne uoriiia are iruiy luiiuuiioc. ni lud ii^^^^-^o. -^^ ..w".- — .■- o
remembrance, and hints to mo that if -L ij^^^g,. the face formed largely by the massive I absurd to deny the existence of this chasm
lid, by resolving to remain here, detain .'^^^,,^^j^^^ predominates o'ver the brain case, * * The structural dififorences between Mai
•••■ ' ■' -1 - -ij >-- --1-..- -I 'I - .. m-like apes certainly justify our
Ei-olution, or the theory of the natural development
i of forms of organic life from lower or anterior
I forms or types.
From a work entitled " Present Conflict of Science
loith the Christian Religion" by Herbert W.
1 Morris, A. M.
CContinned from page 22.)
The Gorilla is an exceedingly ferocious
animal ; it never runs from man, and is an
object of terror to the natives. It is said, that
■when the male is first seen, he gives a terrific
yell that resounds far and wide through the
forest. His enormous jaws are widely open
at each expiration. He always rises to his
feet when making an attack, though he ap-
proaches his antagonist in a stooping posture,
Though he never lies in wait, yet, when he
hears, sees, or scents a man, he immediately
utters his characteristic cry, prepares for an
attack, and always acts on the offensive. The
cry he utters resembles a grunt more than a
growl, and is similar to the cry of the Chim-
panzee, when irritated, but vastly louder.
(jaw-Dones, pred
or cranium proper : in the former the propor-
tions of the two are reversed. In the man
the occipital foramen, through which passes
the great nervous cord connecting the brain
with the nerves of the body, is placed just be-
hind the centre of the base of the skull, which
thus becomes evenly balanced in the erect
posture; in the Gorilla it lies in the posterior
third of that base. In the Man, the surface
of the skull is comparatively smooth, and the
supraciliary ridges or brow prominences usu-
ally project but little— while, in the Gorilla,
vast crests are developed upon the skull and
the brow ridges overhang the cavernous or-
bits, like great penthouses."*
Man differs immensely from the Gorilla also
in the capacity of the cranium, or brain case
The collections of Dr. J. B. Davis and Dr
Morton give the following figures as the aver
age internal capacity of the cranium in the
chief races of man :
Teutonic Family ... 94 cubic inches.
Esquimaux . . . ■ ^i 1] [[
Negroes . . . .85
Australians . . . . 82 || "^
Bushmen . . . . 77 "
Finns and Cossacks . . . 98 ^ "
Average 87 5-6 "
The largest Gorilla cranium examined, ac
cording to Professor Huxley, measured 34i
cubic inches ; the smallest 2-1 cubic inches ;
I * Man's Place in Nature, p.
and the
regarding him as constituting a family apart
from them."*
To the above we may add the testimony of
another distinguished naturalist, whose ac-
knowledged abilities well qualify him to pro-
nounce an opinion in this matter. M. de
Quatrefages, Professor of Anthropology in the
Museum of Natural History at Paris, in a late
work on this subject,! has entered very fully
into the question of man's descent from the
ape. He has summed up the contents of a
multitude of contemporary works on this sub-
ject, and has delivered this as his confirmed
opinion — that, in an anatomical point of view,
the transmutation of the ape into Man is a per-
fect impossibility.
" Man and apes in general," says he, "pre-
sent a most striking contrast. The former is
a walking animal, who walks on his hind legs ;
all apes are climbing animals. The whole loco-
motive system in the two bears the stamp of
these two veiy different intentions ; the two
types, in fact, are perfectly distinct.
" The very remarkable works of Duvernoy
on the Gorilla, and of MM. Gratiolet and Alix
on the Chimpanzee, have fully confirmed this
result as regards the man-like apes— a result
* Man's Place in Nature, pp. 123, 124. , ,. , ,
t Rapport sur le Progres de I'Anthropologie, published
in 1868.
THE FRIEND.
very important, from whatever point of view
it is looked at, but of still greater value to any
one who wishes to apply logicalltj Darwin's
idea. Theso recent investigations prove, in
fact, that the ape type, however highly it may
be developed, loses nothing of its fundamental
character, and remains always perfectly dis-
tinct from the type of man ; the latter, there-
fore, cannot have taken its rise from the
former.
" The theory of the ape origin of man, there
fore, is nothing but pure hypothesis, or rather
nothing but a mere jeu d'esprit which every-
thing proves utterly baseless, and in favor of
which no solid fact has as yet been appealed
to."
Such is the conclusion reached by Professor
Quatrefages, and with whom substantially
agree Vicq-d'Azyr, Seires, Duvernoy, Gratio-
let, Alix, Welker, Bert and Pruner Bey, men
whoso scientific researches place them in th
first rank of the Naturalists of the day.
(To be continued.)
Testimony of Frankford Monthly Meeting concerning
Alfred Cope.
Feeling that "the memory of the just is
blessed," and that as the faithful members of
the Church on earth are removed to the
Church triumphant, it is good for us to magni-
fy and exalt that Divine Grace which made
them what they were, we have believed it
right to issue a brief testimony concerning
our deceased friend Alfred Cope.
He was the son of Thomas P. and Mary D.
Cope, and was born in Philadelphia, on the
13th of the 4th month, 1806. He appears to
have been early and deeply impressed with a
sense of the infinite purity of the Most High,
and His abhorrence of sin in its varied forms.
Under this view, he saw that the standard of
holiness to which the religion of the Lord
Jesus Christ calls all who would bo his dis-
ciples, leads to nothing less than the subjec-
tion of the will of man to the will of God, and
to a change of heart so thorough and effectua
that, as "new creatures in Christ Jesus," sin
should no longer have dominion over us.
Deeply humbled under a sense of his own im-
perfections and frailties, and almost despairing
of ever reaching that state of acceptance with
his Father in Heaven for which he fervently
longed, much of the early manhood of Alfred
Cope was passed in deep conflict with what
he felt to bo the most easily besetting sins of
his nature. A retiring disposition^instinc
tively caused him to shrink from unburthen-
ing his inward distress to others, but as he
patiently yielded to " the baptism of the Holy
Ghost and fire," he experienced a living faith
in the Eedeemer of men in all His gracious
offices, " Who of God is made unto us wisdom,
and righteousness, and sanctifieation, and re-
demption." Thus in the Lord's own way and
time was he brought as out of the "miry
clay," knew his feet to be set upon the Rock
of Ages, and his goings to be established.
Henceforth the path of duty, as it was from
time to time made clear to him, was in his
estimation the only path of peace and safety,
while to know the Divine will concerning
himself in the varied relations of life, and in
simplicity to follow it, came to bo among his
most earnest desires.
Thus deeply impressed with the reality of
a restraining as well as constraining power,
experience not only a deliverance from h
spiritual enemies, but guidance in the way of
holiness, his subsequent course was not a
devious one. And now in reviewing the well
spent life of our departed friend, wo witness
a striking illustration of that Scripture, " the
path of the just is as a shining light, that
shineth more and more unto the perfect day."
In the year 1829, Alfred Cope, in partner
ship with his elder brother, Henry Cope, sue
ceeded to their father's business, and for many
years they continued to carry on successfully
a great part of the shipping trade betvveen
Philadelphia and Liverpool ; their course as
a leading commercial house being marked by
unswerving integrity. Notwithstandingcon-
siderable disparity in age, as they both deep-
ened in the Christian life, the brothers be-
came tnore and more closely united in the
fellowship of the gospel, as well as in fra-
ternal affection ; and although their natural
tastes and dispositions drew them into some
what different channels, there was strikingly
manifested as years increased, a unity of spi-
rit which led them often to take sweet coun
set together concerning " the things of God,"
and to become increasingly one another's
"helpers and joy" in Him.
In the year 18.39, Alfred Cope was united
in marriage to Hannah Edge, of Chester Co.,
Penna., and in 1842 he removed with his fa-
mily toreside within the limits of this Month-
\y Meeting. After only about one year's
residence in Germantown, it pleased Infinite
Wisdom to remove by death his valued and
affectionate wife. His qualifications for use-
fulness in the Church were soon recognized
by his Friends, who appointed him to the
station of overseer, in discharging the duties
of which he was very acceptably engaged
until near the' close of his life. Not long after
this appointment, it was believed by his fel-
low-members that he was qualified for the
weighty duties of eldership,— a position for
which, by his gifts, he was peculiarly fitted.
In the year 1851, he was joined in marriage
with Rebecca Biddle of Philadelphia. His
union with this our late valued friend, proved
in various ways conducive to his comfort;
her own religious experience and affectionate
care tending largely to soothe his tri
yeai'S advanced and the infirmities of the body
multiplied. Having been herself placed in
the station of elder, they were mutually help
ful in discharging the weighty duties which
from time to time devolved upon them. Th
health of Rebecca B. Cope had been long frail
and, after the decease of her beloved com
panion, it rapidly declined until the 18th of
2nd month, 1876, when, as wo reverently be-
lieve, she peacefully entered into her ever-
lasting rest.
In the character of Alfred Cope, a striking
feature, indeed it might be said to be, the
secret of his life of unobtrusive worth and
humble piety, was that sense of personal ac-
countability under which he seemed to live
and move. Hence it was that he regarded the
outward substance with which he had been
argely intrusted, as but a loan from the Groat
Giver, and himself but a steward who must
ere long "give an account." Never possoss-
ng robust health, his thoughts had been early
turned to the uncertainty of life; and the
value of time and the importance of its right
employment, came to be strongly impresscil
u|)on iiim. Iti this respect ho afi'ordod
plished, even under the depressing influence
of phj'sical discomfort and suffering.
Being endowed with intellectual abilities
of no common order, strengthened by culture
and sanctified by Divine Grace, much of the
confinement within doors to which long con-
tinued ill-health subjected him, was devoted
to reading. Nor was this for self-gratifica-
tion or recreation merely, but wishing to pro-
mote the dissemination of sound views oa
religious and scientific subjects, his leisure
was largely occupied in critically revievvinar
works of acknowledged merit, and as the
proved satisfactory to himself he made val
able donations to various libraries, chiefly
connected with schools for which he was
terested.
Strong as were his own convictions of truth
and duty, and faithfully as he lived up to
them, he possessed a Christian charity which
could appreciate and was ever ready to own
the good in all. He was quick to discern
tendencies in others which he feared might
lead them astray, and it was at times laid
upon him to administer the word of caution
or Christian counsel.
His natural disposition led him to shrink
from " the praise of men," but he did love and
earnestly sought after "the praise of God;"
and when inclination and a clear sense of duty
came in conflict, ho promptly responded to '
the latter, though often greatly in the cross.
Habitually cheerful yet grave, his conversa-
tion might be truly said to have been "sea-
soned with Grace;" his lively feelings, his
cultivated intellect, together with a large fund
of narrative and anecdote, made him an agree-
able and profitable companion, yet there was
strikingly observable in his intercourse with
others, that careful guard over the lips which
should ever mark the Christian ; minding the
injunction of his Divine Master — " What I
saj' unto you I say unto all, watch!" Pre-
served as he thus was from much which tends
to disturb that inner "life which is hid with
Christ in God," our beloved friend was kept
habitually in a serious and weighty frame of
mind, whereby he was fitted in no common
degree to deal with cases of difliculty, while
that discretion and foresight which were nota-
ble qualities in his character, made him a safe
counsellor.
Grateful for the comforts with which he
was surrounded, his heart went forth in lively
sympathy with the wants and sufferings of
his fellow men. This eympiithj' was of that
active and practical nature which prompil3-
seeks to suppl3' the help or the remedy; and
his numerous benefactions, whether public or
private, were marked notonlj' with liberality
but with an enlightened foi-ethought which
was often remarkable.
Strongly attached to the views of Friends
bj' conviction, he observed with sorrow and
anxiety any attempt to unsettle them, be-
lieving they have their foundation in the prin-
ciples which underlie Christianity itself ; and
that our religious Societj'- can only fully oc-
cupy the important place which the great
Head of the Church designed for it, by con-
tinuing faithfully to maintain them before the
world.
As the complication of diseases under which
ho had long suft'ered gradually but surely im-
I the vital powers, it was evident to
about him that the "inward man was
ng renewed day by day." The trials of li
whereby as it is yiedod to, the Christian may markable instance of what may be accom- 1 which had boon mctod out to him in no smal
THE FRIEND.
29
ijasure, had wrought much "patience, and
Itience experience, and experience hope;"
(lich "maketh not ashamed." A quiet se-
bitj' was now the prevailing covering of
^ spirit, betokening a soul at peace with
;)d and man. On one occasion he briefly
Ipressed to a friend — " I feel nothing in my
xy." After a renewed attack of disease,
.lowed by great prostration, our dear friend
ii8 confined to his bed for a few days, and
i the 11th of 12th month, 1875, he peace-
|ly breathed his la'<t, in the 70th year of his
e. " Blessed are the dead which die in the
jrd from heoceforlh, yea saith the Spirit,
at they may rest from their labors; and
eir works do follow them."
For *• The Friend."
Attending Meetings.
"Friends in the beginning, if they had
alth and liberty, were not easily diverted
)m paying their tribute of worship to the
mighty on week-days as well as First-days;
t after a while, when outward sufifdrings
ased, life and zeal decaying, ease and the
irit of the world took place with many, and
us it became customary for one or two out
a family to attend meetings, and to leave
eir children much at home. Parents also,
worldly concerns were in the wa}-, could
gleet their week-day meetings sometimes ;
t be willing to hold the name, and plead
cuse because of a busy time, or the like ;•
1 1 believe that such a departure from primi-
'e integrity ever did, and ever will occasion
withering from the life of true religion."
rhe foregoing is extracted from Jno. Gh urch-
in's Journal. It is to be feared that there
e those of the present day, who have too
sily turned aside from attending their mid-
sek meetings, and allow the things of time
come in between them and the assembling
themsolves together for the purpose of
)rshiping Almighty God. Would that they
uld be endued with a little of that zeal that
aracterizcd our worthy forefathers in the
jth, who not only left their outward con-
rns, but endured many hardships, — some
liking many miles over difficult roads, others
iding through streams of water in cold
?ather, while others were cruelly treated, —
, that they might meet together for solemn
jrship. And if a living concern is felt on the
rt of parents to perforin this solemn duty,
relieve they will not feel easy to leave their
ildren at home on such occasions, but will
ke them to meeting, explaining the object
thus assembling together, as ability is af-
pded them. Example speaks louder than
)rds, and if children see their parents are
kewarm or indifferent about attending meet-
gs, and treat the subject as a matter of little
nsequenee ; that they can go, or remain at
'me according to convenience ; instead of
owing them that it is a most solemn duty
well as great privilege thus to meet to-
ther, how can it be expected that there
11 be a succession of living and true mem-
rs in the Society. Will they not feel that
ligion is but a name, and betake themselves
some of the many temptations surrounding
era, — the acquisition of wealth, the applause
men, or other gratifications of a worldly-
,ture ? May all, both older and younger,
ly prize the privilege Friends of to-day
joy as compared with that of Friends in
e rise of Society. Meetings may be small
many places, yet the encouraging language
still continues the same, "That where two or
three are gathered together in my name, there
am 1 in the midst of them."
For "The Friend."
Incidents and Rcflfctions.— No. la.
There has been in the Christian world much
conflict of opinion on the subject of the pro-
per maintenance of those who are called to
labor as ministers of the Gospel. The Scrip-
tures declare that a laborer is worthy of his
hire; and speak of those who sow spiritual
things partaking of carnal things ; yet the
command of our Saviour to those whom He
sent forth to preach was imperative, " Freely
ye have received, freely give."
John Eichardson remarks that the outward
maintenance of ministers, so far as depends
on their hearers, is showed bj' Christ, who
directed that where they were received, they
should eat such things as were set before
them. When the disciples returned from
their mission, and were asked whether they
had lacked anything, they answered "noth-
ing." The effect of their ministry among
their hearers had been such, that those who
had been convinced by their doctrine, and
turned to the effectual power of Christ in
themselves, had from thence known their
hearts so opened, as to administer to all their
immediate necessities ; and these, thus sent,
had only eaten such things as were set before
them, as the}' were appointed.
In a conversation on this subject.tit was
urged, " that if the maintenance of the priests
was to be wholly withdrawn, or left to the
freedom and generosity of the people, many
of them would want and come to poverty,
and be forced to labor with their hands,
which would distract or at least impede, their
studies." To this, John Hichardson replied,
"That with such ministers as they were, this
might be the case: but if all would come truly
1699, it is mentioned that a law had been
passed in Massachusetts requiring each town-
ship in the province to empliy a minister,
who should be paid by the inhabitants, &e.
He says, " Pursuant to this law, the towns
who had no ministers, made choice of some by
votes of the inhabitants; yet others, looking
upon it as an imposition upon them, contrary
to their religious liberty in calling, or not
calling, any minister, eluded the force of it,
by nominating several of our ministering
Friends, and returning their names as the
choice of the people. They were answered,
'These are not ministers in the intent of the
law,' It was replied, ' They were the people's
choice, and such as the law required; they
were :ible, learned and orthodox ministers of
the Gospel, and would appear to be so upon
proper examination ; and they could not re-
turn any other,' The Friends thus chosen
by the people, did sometimes visit them, and
had meetings among them, as they found
liberty in the Truth, and were very accepta-
ble in that service ; which they did freely, with-
out any view to maintenance or filthy' lucre."
T. Story relates a conversation with one
who was not a member of the Society of
Friends, and who had made this remark, "No
doubt but you have a good intent in what
you do, in travelling so in the world ; but yo\i
must have some good considerations for it, as
our priests have gold and silver;" and men-
tioned about 300 guineas for that time. He
says, "I told him, ' No; we whom God had
raised up, and qualified in some degree, in
this age, to that service, were advanced above
any such mean, base, and mercenary con-
siderations, as to take anything from men for
this labor; which we bestow freely in the
love of God, and by bis commandment, for
the common good of men.' 'Why,' said he,
'the apostles were but poor men, and wanted
necessaries, and must have received of the
and rightly to wait on the great Teacher, the [people, or wanted.' ' True,' said I, ' but then
Anointing in themselves, it would greatly I they say. Having food and raiment, let us bo
tend to the advantage of Christendom ; fjr therewith content; and where that is really
the Almighty, who by his good Spirit is alone! the case, such as are poor among us we would
able to raise up and qualify Gospel ministers, I not begrudge them that ; but it is very seldom,
as He knows the wants of his people and their or never so among us ; but rather, with Paul,
faith and trust in Him, would no doubt raise we can generally say. These hands of mine
up from among them faithful ministers ; such, I have ministered to my necessities, having no
who being humble, meek and low in heart, desire that any such thing should be done
like Himof whom they had learned, would unto us; and we generally have sufficient of
be content to live in moderation on a little, our own,"
and to labor in their respective callings, like "Then, said he, 'But in case your friends,
the Apostle Paul, that great minister of the after some very good sermon, that pleaseth a
Gentiles, working with their hands that their great congregation well and generally, should
ministry might not be chargeable, such as offer you a purse of 200 or 300 guineas, would
fishermen, collectors of customs, &c,, whose not you accept it, being freely given?'
ministry being not their own, but received "I replied, 'No; I hope it would be no
immediately from the great Shepherd of the temptation, if so it were ; which never can
sheep, would not require much time and study be as long as they and I abide in the Truth
to pen down, but coming from the Spirit of; we profess, either to give or receive that way.
truth immediately moving upon the minis- I should rather be greatly troubled to see so
ter's heart, would be more effectual to reach great a degeneracy, as to subject them to so
the Witness of truth in the hearts of theirlgreat an evil,"
hearers than all the labored discourses of thej In the year 1719|Thomas Story, in company
most subtle priest, though the produce ofj with some other Friends, called on the Arch-
much pains and study. Neither have I found bishop of Canterbury and other dignitaries,
in all my travels from any observation I have to solicit their favor in an application to Par-
made, that ever the faithful ministers oflliament for an amended form of affirmation
Christ became any great burden or charge to ! to be used by Friends as a substitute for an
the churches; for I have seen the Divine oath. The maintenance of ministers coming
Providence attend the Lord's faithful ser- up in their conversation, Thomas thus ex-
vants, who thereby have been enabled to plained to him the practice of our Society,
order their affairs with discretion, so as to " When at any time we are sitting together
want little." in silence, (as we usually do) waiting upon
In Thomas Story's journal, under date of the Almighty for the influence of his Holy
30
THE FRIEND.
Spirit, that we may be comforted, refreshed
and edified thereby ; if any one hath his
understanding enlightened therebj^ into any
edifying matter, and moved and enabled to
speak, the rest have proper qualifications, by
the same Spirit, to discern and judge, both of
the soundness &f his speech and matter, and
also of the spirit and fountain from which his
ministry doth arise ; and if from the Holy
Spirit of Christ, who is Truth, it hath accept-
ance with the congregation, and though but
in a few words, it is comfortable and edify-
ing; for as the palate tasteth meats, so the
ear, or discerning faculties of an illuminated,
sanctified mind, distinguisheth words, and
the fountain from which they spring. And
such a person thus appearing, may so appear
at another time, and be enlarged in word and
in power, and so on gradually, till he hath
given proof of his ministry to his friends and
brethren, among whom, in the neighborhood,
he hath been exercised therein, until he be-
comes a workman in the Gospel, in some good
degree fitted for the service ; and then it may
80 happen, as often it doth, that this person
is moved or called by the Word of God, to
travel in this service in some other places re-
mote from his habitation, which will take
him off from his business whereby be main-
tains himself, his wife and family; and sup-
pose bim to be a cobbler of old shoes, a patcher
or translator of old clothes, or the meanest
mechanic that can be named, poor, and not
able to fit iiimself with common nece-isaries
for his journey, he wanteth a horse, (though
some only walk,) clothing and the like; in
such a case the Friends of the meeting to
which he belongs provide all such things and
furnish him. And if in that service he is so
long from home, as that his horse fails, and
his clothes wear out, and necessaries arc want-
ing unto him, then the Friends where he
travels, where his service is acceptable, take
care to furnish him till he returns to his fami-
ly and business. And in the time of his ab-
sence from them, some Friend or Friends of
the neighborhood visit his family, advise in
his business, and charitably promote it till he
return. But as to any other temporal advan-
tages, or selfish motive of reward for such
service, there is no such thing among us: for
if our ministers had the least view that way,
and insisted upon it, or our people were will-
ing to gratify that desire, we should then
conclude we were gone off irom the true foun-
dation of Christ and his apostles, and become
apostates. But though our jirinciples allow
such assistance to our ministers as I have re-
lated ; yet I have not known any instance
(save one) of any such help : for, by the good
providence of God, our ministers have gener-
ally sufficient of their own to support the
charge of their travels in that service, and are
unwilling that the gospel should be charge-
able to any; only as their ministry makes
way where they come, thoir company is ac-
ceptable to their friends, who afford them to
eat and drink and lodge with them for a night
or two, more or less, as there may bo occa-
" Farming Under the Sea." — The fact is not
generally known that within three hours' ride
of Boston a largo and profitable business has
been carried on ever since 1849, along the sea-
shore, which is nothing more or loss than
" farming under the sea." Everywhere upon
the coast, of Eastern Now England may be
found, about ten feet below water-mirk, the
lichen known as carrageen — the "Irish moss"
of commerce. It mi}' be torn from the sunken
rocks anywhere, and yet the littld seaport of
Sciiuate is almost the only place in the coun-
try where it is gathered and cured. This
village is the great centre of the moss busi-
ness in the country, and the entire Union
draws its supplies from those beaches. Long
rakes are used in tilling this marine farm, and
it does not take long to fill the many dories
that await the lichen, torn from its salty,
rocky bed. The husbands and fathers gather
the moss from the sea, and the wives and
daughters prepare it for market. Soak it in
water, and it will melt away to jelly. Boil it
with milk, and a delicious white and creamy
blanc-mango is the result. The annual pro-
duct is from ten to fifteen thousand barrels,
and it brings §50,000 into town, which sum
is shared by some one hundred and fifty fam-
ilies. Its consumption in the manufacture of
lager beer is very large, and the entire beer
interest in the country draws its supplies from
Scituate beaches, as the importation from Ire-
land has almost ceased. An article of food is
made from it called "Sea Moss Farina."
For "The Friend."
Some (lueries concerning Christ, &c.
Believing that many important truths are
very imperfectly understood by many pro-
fessing the name of Friends, I feel a particular
desire to see published in " The Friend,"
Some Queries Concerning Christ and His Ap-
pearances, <&€., (&c., contained in Isaac Peniog-
ton's works.
If the editors of "The Friend" would com-
ply with this proposition to publish all con-
tained in the above mentioned pages, it would
be relieving to the mind of their friend,
I. W.
Iowa.
Query 1. Whether there was not a neces-
sity of Christ's taking upon him our flesh, for
the redemption of those that had sinned, and
the satisfaction of the justice offended?
Query 2. Whether the Father did not ac-
cordingly prepare a body for him, to do his
will in all things in ; and particularly to offer
up to him the acceptable sacrifice for the sins
of the whole world ?
Query 3. Whether it was not necessary, in
this respect also, that Christ should take upon
him our flesh, that he might have experience
of our temptations and infirmities, and become
a merciful and faithful high»priest and inter-
cessor for us ?
(^uery 4. Wherein lay the value and worth
of his sacrifice, and of all be did? Did it
lie chiefly in tho thing done, or in the life
wherein ho did it, in that he did it in tho pure
faith and obedience to the Father? He bo-
came obedient unto death, even the death of
tho cross; and he, through the eternal Spirit,
offered himself without spot to God.
Query 5. What was ho, for whom tho I'\ithcr
prepared a body, and who took it up to do tho
will, and did tho will in it? Was he not tho
arm of God, the power of (rod, the Saviour
and salvation of God, the Jesus and Christ of
God?
(^uory (). To whom do the names and titles
Josus and Christ chiolly and in the first place
belong? Do they belong to tho body which
was taken by him, or to him who took tho
body? Tho body hath its nature and )iroper-
tics, and the eternal Word, or Son of God (tho
pure, spotless Lamb, the fountain of innoce
c}'), its nature and properties. Now tho que '
is, which was the appointed Saviour of t
Father? Which was the anointed of t]
Father, chiefly, and in the first place? Whethi
the body prepared, or he for whom the bocl
was prepared, to do the will, and offer up tl|
acceptable sacrifice in ? |
Query 7. Which is Christ's flesh and blod
which we are to partake of, whereof we aj
to be formed, which we are to eat and drini
and which is meat and drink indeed, nouris
ing ta life everlasting? Is it the flesh ar
blood of the body, which was prepared fC'
and taken by him, wherein he tabernacU
and appeared? Or is it the flesh and bloc
of him who took, tabernacled, and appeanJ
in the body? For that which he took upcj
him was our garment, even the flesh and blocj
of our nature, which is of an earthly, peris
ing nature; but he is of an eternal natur
and his flesh and blood and bones are of h
nature. Now as the life and nature which
begotten in his is spiritual, so that whi(
feeds, and is the nourishment of it, must ne&
bo of a spiritual and eternal nature.
Query 8. What is the bread which car
down Irom heaven ? Is not the bread ai
the flesh all one? Outwardl3'-visible flei
and blood svas not in heaven, nor came dow
from heaven ; but the bread of life did cod-
down from heaven, which the heavenly bin
feeds on and lives by. For that which redeen
that which is Jesus (the Saviour), came dov
from heaven, and took upon him a body
flesh here on earth, in which ho manifesti
himself as King, Priest, and Prophet, and d
the work appointed him by the Father. Jo!
xvii. 1, &c.
Query 9. What was that which saved pe
pie outwardly from their outward infirmiti
and diseases, while Christ was on earth
that body? Was it the body, or the li:
power, and Spirit of the Father within t^
body, and manifest through tho body? At
can any thing less save inwardly? Now th
which saves, that which hath the virtue at
power of salvation in it, — that the eye
faith is to fix upon, and not to stick or stop
that through which the life works it.
Query 10. Who was he that humbled hit
self, that made himself of no reputation, tha
took upon him tho form of a servant, and w.
made in tho likeness of men, and found
fashion, or habit, as a man ? Was it tho bo(
of flesh, or was it ho that was glorified of tl
Father before the world was? And who
to have the honor and exaltation ? At who
name is every knee to bow? Is not the i
ward to him who laid down his glory to taV
upon him the bodj' of flesh, and appear in ;,
that ho might honor, glorify, and fullil tJ
will of his Father?
Querj- 11. Are not the chililron and ho
one ? Are not ho and they of tho same stoci
("Both ho that sanctifioth, and they who a
sanctified, are all of one." Heb. ii. 11.) Is
not from thence that ho is not ashamed
call them brethren, ovon because ho finds t
nature. Spirit, and life of his Father in thoc
What makes a child to God? Is it nut t
being begotten of tho Father, and born of t
Sjiirit? And that which is born of the Spii
is Spirit. Now mark: have wo tho (ienon
nation and relation with Christ from th
which is spiritual, and hath Christ himself t
name from or because of the bod}* of flosl
Naj', nay; tho name Christ was IVom I
THE FRIEND.
31
loinlinu; which was in the Body, which ran
ito and'tilled the vessel. It is tnic, the body,
» and by the union, partakes with him of his
time; but the name belongs chiefly and most
roperiy to the treasure in the vessel.
i Query 12. What is it to put on Christ, or
(hat is the putting on of Christ ? la it the
utting on of that body of flesh ? Or the put-
ng on a belief concerning him, according to
'bat is said of him in scripture ? Or is it not
ither a putting on of his nature, his seed, his
pirit, his life, wherewith the souls of those
lat are born from above are clothed, as the
ody is with a garment?
j Query 13. Who was it that said, I am the
fsuriection and the life? Was it not Christ?
ind what did he say it concerning ? Did he
i,y it concerning the body, or did he say it
oncerning the power and virtue of the Father
rhich was in the body? Did he not say it
oncerning that which had the power of life
1 it before he took up the body, and had also
16 power of life while it was in the body?
iCa, and could raise up not only other bodies,
ut that also after it had laid it down? For
fter it was laid in the grave, he could raise
; up, and take it on again, as well as he did
it first, when it was first prepared. John x.
7, 18.
(To be coutinueJ.)
I Yellow Fever. — From a volume compiled by
tder of the New York Health Board several
fears ago the following facts relating to the
istory of yellow fever in Northern cities are
lathered :
! The first case of yellow fever which oc-
Urred in this country and of which any
fflcial report exists happened in New York
Jily in 1668. In September, 1702, 502 deaths
rem yellow fever occurred in New York. In
743 the f jver killed 217 persons. New York
^as again visited severely by the fever in
^795, when 730 deaths occurred. Three years
hereafter, from August to November, 2080
iersons died of the fever. The city was not
'isitcd severely again by yellow fever until
803, when, according to the statistics, 6700
ersons perished in the epidemic of that year,
n 1822 230 deaths occurred from the fever,
tad since then but few fatal cases and no ep
iemics have occurred in any year. Phih
telphia was first visited by yellow fever i
|695. In 1793, 4041 persons died of the
Jellow or malignant fever. The epidemic of
1797-8 9 carried off 5800 lives, and in 1805
[400 died of the fever in Philadelphia. Mobile
Ibceived her first visitation from the fever in
1705. The fever appeared for the first time
ti New Orleans in 1769. The years and mor-
ality of the great epidemics in that city are
s follows: 1819, 2190 deaths; 1847, 2259
eaths; 1853, 7970 deaths; 1854, 2423 deaths;
855, 2670 deaths ; 1858, 3889 deaths ; 1867,
093 deaths. The mortality this year on ac
iount of the yellow fever will probably ex-
eed any year since 1867.
At the Surgeon-General's Office it is claim-
d that yellow fever is a disease produced by
n invisible poison, capable of self multiplica
ion outside of the human organism. This
bmething — the germ or miasm which has
litberto eluded microscopical demonstration
-is a product of the tropics. The fever
lOt communicated from the sick to the we
sick being dangerous only as possible
arriers of the poison germ or miasm. All
lersous from an infected district may bo con-
dered harmless when the period of incuba-
tion, which lasts from two to six days, has
passed. Yellow fever has never in an epi
demic form reached an elevation of 500 feet
above the sea level. — Phila. Inquirer.
For "The Friend."
Memoranda of Meetings.
5th mo. 7th, 1843. Samuel Bottle gave an
ipressive sermon; spoke of the woman who
asked for her two sons, disciples of Jesus, thai
they might sit the one on his right and the
other on his left, in his kingdom. He queried
if they were able to drink of bis cup and to
baptized with his baptism, and when they
answered that they were able. He told them
they might drink of his cup, and be baptized
with his baptism, but to sit on his right and
ft in his kingdom was not his to give, but it
should be given them for whom it was pre-
pared by his Father. If I comprehended
aright, S. considered his cup a cup of suft'er-
his baptism the baptism of tire, the bap-
tism of Calvarj', for after He had submitted
to the symbol of purification (water baptism)
He said He had a baptism to be baptized with
and He was straitened until it be accom
plished, and this fellowship in suffering thej^
might in degree partake of. Christ was an
example. He sought solitary places, and re-
mained whole nights in prayer. He was a
man of sorrovvs and acquainted with grief:
had not whereon to lay his head, although the
Maker of the world; and millions since who
are now surrounding the throne have found
the way to the Kingdom of Heaven one of
baptism into suffering: but with it all, now
and then rich consolation and communion
with the Saviour have been afforded, and are
afforded in the Christian's journey, verifyin
the declaration, that one hour in His courts
is better than a thousand elsewhere. The only
ground of hope for forgiveness for past sins,
is the propitiatory sacrifice of Jesus for the
sins of the whole world. He has done so
much for us that nothing short of the power
of God can make us love Him as we ought.
A word of warning was held out, that ina-i-
much as time was rapidly passing away, i1
was indeed needful to know regeneration te
be going on within our hearts, and to be
obedient to known dut}^ or mercy would be
succeeded by justice, and great would be our
condemnation.
Thomas Kite afterwards brought forward
the circumstance of those who were hired,
called at difterent hours of the day, and each
receiving the same wages, a penny. We were
sure each one must have his day of visitation,
and it was a serious consideration that his
Spirit would not always strive with man,
There was encouragement for all, even to the
eleventh hour of the day, to hope for his salva
tion, as all were to be visited. Some may
have been called early, and known in degn
the strivings of the Spirit with them : there
was encouragement for them if they had back
slidden, to lay hold of the ofters of a long
suffering God at a later period of their day
He thought one or more present might re
gard it as a token of favor, that they were
now reminded of a state they had retro
graded from.
Mary Kite supplicated as though some among
us felt humbled as in the dust: she asked o"
the Almighty to work for us, and to croat-
clean hearts and renew a right spirit within us.
5th mo. 18th. T. Kite was impressed with
the passage, Examine yourselves, try your-
selves : know ye not that Jesus Christ is in
j'ou, except ye be reprobates : he was wili-
ng to believe, through mercy, there were
none present, reprobates, or those with whom
the Holy Spirit had ceased to strive. It was
mportant 10 keep the faith once delivered to
the saints. Christ had said in the prepared
body. If I be lifted up I will draw all men
after me. He was lifted up on the cross, and
ascended up on high and gave gifts unto men.
Our doctrines and testimonies he believed
would never be suffdred to fall to the ground;
f we forsook them others would be brought
u, as from the highways and hedges.
THE FRIEND.
NINTH MONTH 7, 1878.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — Governor Hartranft has issued a
proclamation announcing the creation of the new county
of Lackawanna.
A dispatch froQi Washington states, that the report of
the Sionx Indian Commission reviews at much length
e working of the agencies, and the condition of the
Sioux in Dakota. It states that the Indians, when left
to their own judgment in the matter of removal, admit
tliat with the occupancy of their country by settlers, and
the opening of wagon and railroads, there is no other
alternative, but to accept a suitable location in some
other part of the territory, where they may remain
under protection of the Government. The location of
the agency for Spotted Tail, is fixed on the South Fork
of the Wliite river, at the mouth of the Rose ; and that
for Red Cloud, on the Wounded Knee, at Pine Ridge,
about 170 miles from the Missouri. The Commission
state they would have preferred to have established the
agencies nearer the river, as more economical for the
transportation of supplies, but after a careful inquiry
respecting the character of the country contiguous to
the river, it was found unfavorable on account of the
absence of arable land, good water, and lumber in suffi-
cient quantity to answer the purposes of the agencies
and Indians. The commissioners congratulate them-
selves upon a peaceful solution of this part of the Sioux
question, and anticipate their action will be permanent
its results.
The railroad companies who have been threatening
to stop carrying the mails, on the ground that they are
inadequately compensated, have notified the Post-office
Department at Washington, that they intend_ pressing
before Congress a claim for proper compensation. This
trouble between the railroads and Post-office Depart-
ment, grows out of the fact that Congress fixed the rate
for mail carrying over some of the railroads, but did not
appropriate a sufficient amount of money to meet that
rate. The Postmaster-General has had to divide the ap-
propriation in such a way, that the railroad companies
may receive an equal share, and has advised those who
claim additional rates to apply to Congress for relief.
This proposition has been accepted.
A detailed statement of the internal revenue receipts
for 7th mo. last, shows that the aggregate increase over
the receipts for 7th mo. 1877, was $1,213,633. The in-
crease of receipts for spirits of all kinds $321,560; for
tobacco $700,917, and for fermented liquors $167,874.
This exhibit has been more than overcome by the heavy
decrease during the Sth month, and the aggregate figures
for 7th and Sth months of this year, as compared with
the same period last year, will probably show a decline
of nearly half a million of dollars. Should this de-
crease continue at an approximate rate, the receipts
from internal revenue must fall below the estimates to
an extent embarrassing to the country.
The religious population of the world is tlius stated :
Protestants, 100,000,000; Roman Catholic, 200,000,000;
Greek Church, 8.3,000,000; Mohammedan, 175,000,000;
Jews, 6,000,000 ; Asiatic religions, 648,000,000 ; other
religions, 242,000,000.
On the 31st ult., the last day which the old Bankrupt
Law was in force, there were 394 petitions in bank-
rupty filed in New York, 69 in Philadelphia, 375 in
Chicago, 198 in Bufialo, and 145 in Pittsburg.
Distressing accounts continue to be received from
those sections of our country visited by the yellow fever.
On the 1st inst. there were in New Orleans 2G0 new
32
THE FRIEND.
cases, and 88 deaths; in Memphis, 104 cases and 76
deaths ; and in Vicksburg, 98 new cases and 25 deaths.
Jloney and otlier necessaries are being forwarded from
the North for the relief of the afflicted.
The mortality in this city for the week ending at
noon on the 31st, was 307 — 142 of whom were adnlts,
and 165 children, 88 being under one year of age.
During the past month, the average temperature was
73.4 degrees, and for the past eight years it was 74 de-
grees. The highest barometer for the month was on
the 23d, when it marked 30.202 ; and the highest tem-
perature was on the 9th, when it reached 89 degrees.
Total rainfall was 3.83 inches.
There were on the 27th ult., at Chicago, stored in the
elevators, 840,864 bushels of wheat, 373,898 bushels of
corn, 667,709 bushels of oats, 140,700 bushels of rye,
and 259,949 bushels of barley. The Milwaukee ware-
liouse contained at the same time a total of 1,022,033
bushels of grain.
Markets, &c. — The following were quotations on the
3ist ult. American gold lOOi. U. S. sixes 1881, im ;
5-20 coupons, 1865, 103; do. 1867, 105|; do. 1868, 108;
new 5's, 106} ; new 4J per cents, 105 ; new 4 per cents,
101.
Cotton. — Sales of middlings are reported at 12} a 12J
cts. per lb.
Petroleum. — Crude, 8J a 8} cts. in bbs., and standard
white at 10| a IO2 cts. for export, and 12 a 13 cts. per
gallon for home use.
Flour.— Minnesota extra, $5.50 a $6.50 for choice
fresh ground old wheat ; Penna. and western, from new-
wheat, $5 a $5.25 per barrel. Rye tiour, $3.25 per bbl.
Grain. — Red and amber wheat, $1 a 51.07, and white
$1.09 a $1.12 per bushel. Corn, 47 a 51 cts. Oats, 26
a 27 cts. for mixed, and 28 a 30 cts. per bushel for
while.
Hay and Straw. — Average price during the week —
Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts., per 100 pounds ; mixed,
45 a 50 cts. par 100 pounds. Straw, 45 a 55 cts. per
100 pounds.
Beef cattle were dull, but prices without change ;
4000 head arrived and sold at 3} a 5| cts. per pound as
to quality, Sheep were in demand, 10,000 head sold
at 3} a o cts. per lb., as to condition. Hogs, 5J a 7}
cts. per pound.
Foreign. — Lord Colin Campbell, a Liberal, and son
of the Duke of Argyle, was elected on the 28th ult., in
Argyleshire, to replace his brother, the Marquis of
Lome, in the House of Commons. He received a ma-
jority of 355 votes over his opponent, a Conservative.
This election is considered the most important, from a
party point of view, of any held in Scotland for many
years.
The agricultural returns of Great Britain show a
small increase in wheat and barley, and a decrease in
oats. The acreage of wheal has increased 50,000. Es-
tiraatingfor aslightincreasein Ireland, the total acreage
of wheat in the United Kingdom is 3,400,000. The n'et
crop is fully up to the average, and better than for some
years. The potato crop will be about the same as last
year. The French wheat crop is considered below the
average, and the French will be buyers instead of sellers.
The bank issues of Great Britain are thus stated :
Bank of England £15,000,000; two hundred and seven
private banks, £5,153,407 ; seventy-two joint stock
banks, £3,495,446; twelve joint stock banks in Scotland,
£3,087,209;sixjointstockbank.iin Ireland, £6,354,494.
Total issues, £33,090,556. Dr.lint hipsr,! issues £2,680,-
094. Present tixed issues £3(1, 11 11, III.:. 'I'lu- iiilent of the
Peel act of 1844, was to conlim- iln' i^-m- in ihe amouni
then existing. The act provided that llie liank of Eng-
land should be the residuary legatee of two-thirds of the
i.-sue of any bank becoming defunct from any cause.
The other third wa.s to be suppressed. The tendency
has been to contract the circulation of paper, and ulti-
mately draw to the Bank of England the entire privi-
lege of issuing it. Since 1844, the Bank of England
lias added £750,000 to its reserve, making it nearly
equal to all the other banks in the realm.
The finances of the English colony of New Zealand
are in a healthy condition, the revenues yielding a sur-
plus last year of 1600,000. The indebtedness of the
colony is $100,000,000. The exports for 1877 reached
$31,500,000, against $28,000,000 in the previous year.
The town ofMiskolez, capital of the circle of Borsod,
in Hungary, was aini'i I tniirrly hiid waste on the 30th
tdt. by a storm. A i!. ; m ! Iin 1, were destroyed by
the rainfall, and ii i nl ) r hi corpses have been
recovered, and 200 ;n,' ;in mi m^.
The German Federal Council has adopted the bill
against Socialists, as amended by the Judicial Com
mittee. The amendments provide that the police au
thorities of the difi'erent States, and not the Central
Federal authorities, shall he empowered to proli
Socialist associations, and the appeal .shall be taken to
a committee of the Federal Council, and not to an Im-
perial Bureau.
The International Prison Congress, for the preven-
tion and suppression of crime, including penal and re-
formatory treatment, assembled at Stockholm on the
21st ult.
The International Monetary Conference closed its
sessions on the 28th ult. The American delegation
unanimously urged that something positive be done,
but only obtained as a reiterated reply, the necessity of
miuntaining the monetary use of both silver and gold,
and the freedom of each State to use either or both, and
allow or disallow the free coinage of silver. The Eu-
ropean delegates adopted a resolution, thanking the
Government of the United States for having brought
aboutan international exchange of opinion on important
monetary questions.
The west coast of Africa has been particularly un-
healthy during the past year. During two months
ending the 4th of 7th month, nearly one-quarter of the
European population at Lagos died of fever and dysen-
tery. It was the most fatal season for twenty years.
Advices from Havana state the newly appointed Di-
rector-General of the Finances of Cuba had arrived,
and would enter upon the duties of his office. His ap-
pointment is received with satisfaction and confidence.
The importation of Honduras cattle has been com-
menced on an extensive scale ; they are considered
best adapted to the climate, and many cattle are wanted
in the districts desolated by the insurrection.
The consul at Demerara reports the sugar crop of
British Guiana will fall short 40,000 hhds. this year in
consequence of the drought.
The Dominican Republic, to encourage the intro-
tion of foreign capital, and promote the growth of the
country, has reduced the duty on raw sugars from 121
cents, to 2J cents per quintal.
FRIENDS' SCHOOL AT GERM,A.NTOWN.
This School, under the care of Germantown Prepara-
tive Meeting, will reopen on Second-day, Ninth month
9th. The school is divided into Primary, Intermediate,
and Higher Departments, each supplied with good
teachers. A new course of study has been prepared,
embracing the usual English branches, mathematics,
Latin, Greek, French and Drawing. Special facilities
are afforded for instruction in Chemistry, Physics and
Physiology by a suitable laboratory, philosophical ap-
paratus and models in anatomy.
For terms, &c., apply to Henry N. Hoxie, Principal,
Germantown, or Samuel Emlen, 631 Market St., Phila.
EVENING SCHOOLS FOR COLORED ADULTS.
These Schools will be opened about the first of Tenth
month. Teachers are wanted. Apply to
Thomas Elkinton, 9 North Front street.
James Bromley, 641 Franklin street.
Joseph W Lippincott, 201 Walnut Place.
Ephraim Smith, 1110 Pine street.
WANTED
A well qualified woman Friend as Matron at Friends'
Asylum for the Insane, near Frankford, Philadelphia.
Apply to
Samuel Morris, Olney, Philada.
John E. Carter, Fisher's_Lane, Germantown.
MALVERN BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL.
The next school year will commence on the 9th of
Ninth month. For circular, address
Jane M. Eldridoe, box 35, Malvern, Pa
A well qualified Teacher wishes a situation in a
Friends School, in city or couniry.
Inquire at the Office of " The Friend."
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A well qualified woman is wanted to take the situa-
tion of Nurse in the Boys' Department.
A|iiilication may be made to
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Chester Co., Pa.
Sii.sanna F. Sharpless, Street Road, " " "
Deborah Rhoads, Iladdon field. New Jersey.
Elizabeth R. Evans, 252 S. Front St., Philada.
FRIKXnS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near /■•:.'.;■„,/ T:.vui,,.il,;, ,/ n'rn/,1 Vlul.uldphia.
Phv-i. : ,: i , , :n,rr,Mr„l-.l,,nM-. llM.L,M.I).
Alipl: I : I . ; :. \,li,ii,-i,,n ,.r rjliniH luav he
made In il,, Snn, 1 iiU.imK iil, or to anv of the Board of
RECEIPTS.
Received from Ephraim Smith, City, $2, vol. 52, ai
for Morris S. Cope and Elizabeth Hughes, Pa., $2.
each, vol. 52 ; for George Wood, N. J., $2.10, vol. 5
Daniel Williams, Agent, O., for Isaac Mitche
Stephen Hobson, William L. Ashton, Asa Branso
Joseph Bailey, Maria Walker, Mary Ann HoUowa
Sarah Purviance, Juliann H. Branson, John C. Hog
Jacob HoUoway, Mary Chandler, and Joseph H. Bra
$2.10 each, vol. 52; from Daniel Packer, N. .
$2.10, vol. 52 ; from Elwood E. Haines, N. J., $2.1
vol. 52 ; from Josiah W. Leeds, City, $2, vol. 52 ; fi
Richard M. Chambers, City, $2, vol. 52 ; from At
Smallwood; Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from Joseph B. Coope
N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Zebedee Nicholson, N. J
$2.10, vol. 52; from Mary Ann Spencer, Del., $2.1
vol. 52, and for William C. Malone, City, and Elizabel
Stajjler. Del., $2.10 each, vol. 52; from Sarah S. Kenyo'
~. I., $2.10, vol. 52; from Samuel B. Smith, O., 82.1
vol. 52 ; for George R. Chambers, Pa., $2.10, vol. 5k
from Ann Lovett, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from Isaac Peel
ham, Canada, $2, to No. 27, vol. 52; for Thomas i
", Pa., $2.10, vol.52; from Dorcas B. Robinso
R. I., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Sarah Ann Leeds, Pa., $2.1
vol. 52 ; from Hannah J. Roberts, City, $2.10, vol. 5!
from Philip P. Dunn, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Mai
Ann Sharple,ss, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from William I
Blackburn, Agent, O., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Wilsc
Hall, Pearson Hall, Charles P. Hall, and Abel H. Blac
burn, $2.10 each, vol. 52 ; for Richard Chambers, Mo
$2.10, vol. 52; from Martha R. Comfort, N. J., $2.1
vol. 52; from George S. Garrett, Pa., $2.10, vol.62; fro
Newell Hoxie, Mass., $2.10, vol. 52; from Joshua Je
feris. Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from Elwood Thomas, Ps
$2.10, to No. 14, vol. 53 ; from William Webster, Pa'
$2.10, to No. 11, vol. 53; from Samuel R. Wilkin
N. J., 12.10, vol. 52; from Sarah Ann Allen, N. J
$2.10, vol. 52; from James Scarlet, Pa., $2.10, vol. 5!
from Sarah Coates, City, $2, vol. 52, and for Georj
Kester and Isaac H. Moore, Pa., and Sarah Cliftoi
N. J., $2.10 each, vol. 52 ; from Rebecca Hornor, Cit
$'2, vol. 52, and for Lydia M. Tucker, Pa., and Jan
P. Cox, N. J., $2.10 each, ^1. 52; from Samuel VI
Stanley, lo., «2.10, vol. 52, and for Benjamin V. Stan
ley, $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Francis Lightfoot, N. C, $2.1
vol. 52; from John Forsythe, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; froi
George L. Smedley, Pa., -182.10, vol. 52 ; from Richar
Mott, Agent, lo., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Joseph Embre
Eli Hodgin, Robert W. Hampton, and Jo.seph Batte;|
*2.10 each, vol. 52 ; from George Blackburn, Agent, C|
$2.10, vol. 52, and for Catharine W. Darlington, Thoraij
Y. French, Stacy Cook, Samuel Street, Dorothy Zelle;|
Mark Bonsall, Elizabeth Bonsall, and Aaron Strattoi:
$2.10 each, vol. 52 ; from Elizabeth M. Worth, Pal
$2.10, vol. 52 ; from Job Hinshaw, Ind., S2.10, vol. 5:(
from Benjamin B. Leeds, N. J., ,#2.10, vol. 52; froi;
Benjamin Hoyle, C, $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Isaac Sharj^
less. Pa., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Amy C. Hoopes, $2.1'
vol. 52 ; from William Evans, City, $2, vol. 52 ; froi'
John R. Tatum, Del., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Edward I
Maule, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Mary R. M lule, fit;
$2, vol.52; from Edward Boone, Canada, $2.10, vo
52; from Marv H. Fritchman, O., per Finley IIulloi
1f2.l0, vol. 52"; from William P. Smedley, Pa., $2.1'
vol. 52 ; from Jacob Parvin, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; froil
James E. Maloney, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from E. S. Deab
N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Phoibe Chace, Mass., pei
Francis Taber, $2.10, vol. 52; from Palmer Good, Paf
$2.10, vol. 52 ; from Alvah James, O., $2, vol. 52 ; froi
Henry W. Roberts, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Jonr
than G.Williams, $2.10, vol. 52; from William .
Evans, $2.10, vol. 52; from Jonathan Evans, Cily, $
vol. 52 ; from Charles Stokes, Agent, N. J., for ( Ji-cirj
Haines, Isaac W. Stokes, John W. Stokes, Levi I'lntl
Josiah Allen, Martha Allen, Benjamin J. Wilkins, an
Jacob L. Evens, $2.10 each. vol. 52 ; from Parker I lal
Agent, O., *2.10, vol. 62, and for John W. Smiti
Robert Smith, William Hall, William Hall, Jr., L.w
Taber, .louathan Fawcett, and Esther Fogg, $2.10 oaci
vol. 52 ; for John C. Hill, $2.10, to No. 14, vol. 52, an
for Jo.seiih Russell, $2.10, to No. 20, vol. 52; froi
Larkin Pennell, Gtn., S2.10, vol. 52; from .lami
Woody, Agent, Ind., $2.10, vol.52, and for Israel Hal
$2.10, vol. 52; from Eliza Embree, Mary X. GrillitI
Charles S. Carter, Jacob Smedley, Kli/,ai)ulh S. Kirl
Isaiah Kirk, and John Cope, Pa., $2,10 each, vol. 52
from Letitia Reeve, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Owe
Y. Webster, $2.10, vol. 52.
Remittances received after Fourth-day morning will nt
appear in the Receipts until the Jolhwintj week.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street. 1
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, NINTH MONTH 14, 1878.
NO. 5.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
'rice, if paiil in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50; 10 cents extra is cliarged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
SubscriptL0U3 and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 SORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For " The Friend "
Some Queries concerning Christ, &c.
(CoDtiuued from page 31.)
Quciy 14. If I, or any one else, have felt
'.he Paving arm of the Lord revealed in us ; if
ve have felt a measure of the same life, power,
ind anointing revealed in our vessels as was
•evealed in his, is it not of the same nature?
[s it not the same thing? Is not Christ the
seed ? And is not this seed sown in the heart ?
Now if this seed spring and grow up in me
nto a spiritual shape and form (though it be
)ut of a babe), is not Christ then formed in
ne ? If I be ingrafted into, and grow up in
|t, am I not ingrafted into Christ (the true
)live-tree, the true vine), and do I not gi'ow
ip in him ? And is not this the same Christ
.hat took upon him the body of flesh, and
)fferud it without the gates of Jerusalem ? Is
;here any more than one, or is there any other
,ban he? Is Christ divided? Is there one
;)hrisi within, and another without ? He that
inoweth the least measure of the thing, doth
18 not know the thing in some meusuie?
\.nd he that is in the least measure of the
ihing, is he not in the thing? He that
inoweth the Son, doih he not know the
father? And he that knoweth the Spirit,
Joth he not also know the Son ? And he that
8 in the Spirit, is he not in the Son ? For
^hey are one nature and being. A man may
nave notions of the one, and not of the other :
!)ut their nature, their being, their life, their
virtue, is inseparable. And as Christ said
concerning the Father, — that he was in the
Father, and the Father in him ; and that he
ihat saw him saw the Father; so may it not
36 as truly affirmed (in the true sense and
indei'standing of life) concerning Christ, that
be is in the Spirit, and the Spirit in him ; and
,hat he that seeth the Spirit seeth him ; and
16 that seeth him seeth the Spirit ? For ho
8 the Spirit, according to that scripture, 2
Dor. iii. 17. "Now the Lord is that Spirit;
ind where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is
liberty." What to do? Why, to see and read
within the veil, and to behold the glorj- of the
Lord, which is revealed there ; which thoy
whom the veil was over formerly, or whom
the veil is over now, have not liberty to do.
Eere is confusion and impossibility to man's
wisdom; that Christ should be all one with
the Spirit ; that Ciirist should send the Spirit
in his name, and also himself be the Spirit
whom he sends. (This is a hard saying,
who can bear it?) And yet this confusion
to man is God's wisdom, and precious in their
eye who are taught of him.
For ii is one and the same Christ that was
signified in types and shadows under the law,
revealed in the fuhiess of time in that pre-
pared body, and afterwards in Spirit. Now
after he was ascended, he received the Spirit
as he had not received him before ; and so
having received the promise of the Father, he
80 dispenseth the Spirit to his brethren and
disciples, as it had not been dispensed before.
Indeed he comforted and refreshed his people
under the law b}- his Holy Spirit, which was
their instructor then, Neh. ix. 20, and taught
them the things of God under types, shadows,
d resemblances. When ho came in the
body, ho chose out disciples, whom he taught
the things of the kingdom, and was a refresher
and comforter of them therein. And was not
this another comforter than those had under
the law ? Had the Jews before ever any such
comforter, as Christ was to his disciples in his
bodily presence? Now when he ascends, he
cceives the Spirit from the Father, as the
Father had promised him ; and having so re-
ceived him, he sends him to them for their
comforter. And may not this justly be termed
another comforter than Christ was in his
bodily presence? And yet is it not also the
same Spirit of life, that had been with them
n that body? So that it is another in the
way of administration, but the same in sub-
stance; even the Word which was from the
beginning, the Spirit which was from ever-
lasting; and to everlasting there is no other.
Now as the Father sent the Son, and yet
was with and in the Son, so the Son sending
the Spirit, he also is with and in the Spirit.
And as it is the Father's will, that the same
honor be given to the Son as is given to him ;
so it is the Son's pleasure, that the same honor
given to his Spirit, as is given to him. Yea,
as he that will worship the Father, must wor-
ship the Son, must come to him in the Son,
must appear before him in the Son, must
reverence and kiss the Son ; so he that will
come to Christ, will worship him, must come
to him in the Spirit, must bow to him in the
Spirit. Yea, he that will know and worship
Christ in his fulness (in the majesty of his
glory, dominion, and power), must learn to
bow at the lowest appearance of his light and
Spirit, even at the very feet of Jesus ; for that
is the lowest part of the body.
Query 15. Did not the bi-idegroom go awaj',
as to his appearance in flesh, that he might
come again in Spirit? Did not the apostles,
who knew his appearancein flesh, and his tab-
ernacling among them, know also afterwards
his appearance in Spirit, and his tabernacling
in them ? And were not their hearts filled
with joy unspeakable, and full of glor}^, be-
cause of the presence of the bridegroom ? Did
they notknow the man-child born and brought
forth in Spirit, as really as ever he was born
land brought forth in flesh? Yea, did they
not travail and help to bring him forth ?
Were there not many in that day', who could
saj' concerning the spiritual and inward ap-
pearance of the bridegroom : We know that
the Son of God, the etei'nal life, the pure
power and wisdom of the Father is come ?
Did they not receive from bim the understand-
ng which he gives in and by his coming?
Yea, were they not in him that is true, even
n Jesus Christ the Son, who is the true God,
,nd life eternal ? 1 John v. 20. Had they not
received the kingdom which could not bo
haken ? And did they never see and con-
verse with the King in the kingdom ? Naj-,
did not he walk in them, and thej' in him,
and he sup with them, and they with him, in
the kingdom? Oh that ye could read in
Spirit ! Oh that ye did receive that measure
of life from Christ, which the Father hath
allotted you. that ye might read therein! but
the letter, read out of the Spirit, darkeneth
and killeth.
Query 16. What is the laver of regenera-
ioii, or the water wherewith the soul is
washed, and whereof a man is born again?
Is it outward or inward? Is it the water
which ran out of the side of the natural body,
when it was pierced with a spear? Or the
water which springs from the fountain of life,
the water which floweth from the Spirit ?
What are the waters which corrupt, mud, and
defile the mind? Are they outward waters?
And what are the waters which purify and
cleanse it? Can they be of a lower nature
than spiritual ? What are the waters which
answer the thirst of the soul after life, after
puritj^ after salvation ; that refresh and glad
the heart of him that drinketh thereof? Are
they not from the pure river, clear as crystal,
which runs from the throne? And if the
water which cleanseth and nourisheth the
soul be spiritual; can the flesh and blood
(which falleth not short of the water in its
virtues, properties, and operations) be inferior
to it in nature and kind ?
Query 17. Can outward blood cleanse the
conscience? Te that are spiritual consider.
Can outward water wash the soul clean ? Y''e
that have ever felt the blood of sprinkling
from the Lord upon your consciences, and
your consciences cleansed thereby; did ye ever
feel it to be outward? It is one thing what
a man apprehends (in the way of notion) from
the letter concerning the things of God, and
another thing what a man feels in Spirit.
Query 18. Seeing the apostle speaks of
purifying the heavenly things themselves,
Heb. ix. 23, it would seiiously be inquired
into, and the Lord waited on, to know what
nature these sacrifices must be of, which
cleanse the heavenly things ? Whether they
must not of necessity be heavenly? If so,
then whether was it the flesh and blood of the
veil, or the flesh and blood within the veil ?
Whether was it the flesh and blood of the out-
ward, earthly nature, or the flesh and blood
of the inward, spiritual nature? Whether
34
THE FRIEND.
was it the ilosh and blood which Christ toolv
of the, fiivt Adain'rt nature, or the flesh and
blood of tho hL'fund Adam's ualui'o?
(To bo continued.)
For "The Fiiuud."
A Trip lo Mimey, by J. S. L.
Among our many pleasant travelling ex-
periences, during nearly twenty years past,
has been an annual trip to Mnncy, on the
West Branch of the Susquehanna, and a visit
of a few weeks in autumn, among dear friends
in that delightful valley. It is a privilege we
truly enjoy, to leave our low-land heats and
common-place surroundings, for cool retreats
in the highlands, to rusticate among scenes as
novel and diversitied as they arc attractive
and admirable.
The several approaches to Muncy are pleas-
ant, each in its peculiar way, and in many re-
spects diverse from each other. That tra-
versed, in olden time, bj' the worthy residents
of the then remote region toward which wo
are wending, we have tried on more than one
occasion, and though upwards of five days
were spent in the slow travel of thirty miles
aday, we found it, with agreeable companions,
most interesting and instructive. Perha])8
the venerable fathers and mothers of the
colony that was ensconced in the lone valley
of Muncy, often felt their faith tried by this
toilsome journey over mountain after moun-
tain, performed at inclement seasons, and
upon roads worn by torrents or obstructed by
snow, or the more annoying mud of the heavy
clay valleys. Pour or tive times a year, did
these devoted ones pass through the dark
forests and look upon many a dreary scene,
before they emerged u])on the smiling slopes
of the fertile valleys of the southern land.
The old route from Muncy to Philadelphia
lay through the ancient village of Catawissa,
on the North Branch of the Susquehanna, and
Jioaring Creek Valley, where once were many
Friends, who were early tempted to remove
to Canada : thence by the present town of
Ashland, then innocent of coal-breakers and
piles of slate, over the Broad Mountain to the
now busy hives of Port Carbon and Pottsville,
and down the long valley of the Schuylkill,
following its general windings through Port
Clinton, where they left the coal mountains,
to Maiden Creek, where were many Friends,
and where our travellers were doubtless often
made welcome by the Starrs, the Lightfoots,
and the Parvins, from whoso families some of
the members of Muncy Meeting had been
drawn. Onward, now descending across the
fertile valley of Berks to B.xetor, the ne.'ct
settlement of Friends, and by Pottstovvn and
Norristown, they entered Philadelphia by Iho
well paved Perkiomen turnpike and the Ridge
road, now the Wissahickon avenue. A long
distance upon this route was early turnpikcd,
when Pennsylvania boasted the most perfect
roads and bridges in the Union, and upon it
the United States mail was carried in a lum-
bering stage coach, to the tender mercies of
which our Friends sometimes entrusted them-
selves, for tho entire distance, or later to
Pottsville, when tho railroad had penetrated
thus far towards their homes. In yet earlier
days, ore roads had been madecntircly sorvico-
abio, many Friends performed tho journey on
horseback, and even the grandmothers of tho
living did not hesitate, prompted by tho calls
of duty or atl'ection, lo ride the 150 miles that
sejiarated them from their beloved Philadel-
phia.
An illustration of trials of those days ap-
pears in the journal of James Kitely, one of
the pioneers of Muncy Valley, an excellent
man and the preceptor of some of the older
residents, who remember him with reverent
interest.
" 1795, 10th mo. 26th. Set out on foot for
Philadelphia, and was extremelj' tired by the
time I reached it. Attended Quarterly Meet-
ing. On my return put up at a German tavern
near tho iron-works, [Potts', now Pottsville
perhaps], on this side Schuylkill. The familj'
appeared an abandoned, wretched set of crea-
tures. I spent the evening in pain and dis-
tress."
IIovv changed the scene, and what im-
provements have been brought about by the
activities of two generations! Our Friends
plodded onward, innocent of all knowledge of
the treasures of iron and co:il that lay hidden
beneath them, the development of which has
transformed the face of nature, and given to
man the powers of the fabled Titans. Upon
this themo we need not dilate — a theme fa-
miliar to all — but will place ourselves upon
one of the railway trains that will bear us to
Muncy in as many hours as our friends were
days upon the journey.
The route pursued by the North Pennsyl-
vania Railroad to Bethlehem, and b}' the
Lehigh and Susquehannaand Catawissa roads,
passes over the grassy fields of Montgomery
and Bucks counties, and the iron and zinc dis-
tricts of Lehigh county, and the exceedingly
picturesque coal region west and south-west
of Mauch Chunk. The bright green of the
quiet grassy slopes, and the deep red rocks of
the secondary red sandstone, which gives the
peculiar character to the soil, attract our at-
tention in the earlier part of our trip, while
the many extended ridges or conical emi-
nences formed by the upheaval of trap-rocks
are striking features in the landscape.
To one of geological proclivities this route
is exceedingly interesting, and let me here
remark, that those who do not observe the
geology of the region they traverse do not
rightly perceive the aspects of tho country,
and cannot comprehend the history of its
origin, or understand the processes by which
the surface was shaped, nor the character of
the rocks that underlie or compose its soil.
The traveller who has been trained from
childhood in the school of observation, and
has not permitted himself to pass over any
peculiarity or novelty without enquiiy into
its cause or origin, will ask, why does this
district so abound with red clay and a tough
retentive soil adapted to grazing, rather than
to the growth of cereals? lie will observe
that the market wagons of the Bucks and
Montgomery county farmers boar with them
evidences of tho nature of the soil they tra-
verse, and can thus be readily distinguished
from similar vehicles reaching the city from
the adjacent counties of Delaware and Ches-
ter, or New Jersey. No doubt, if a citizen of
Philadelphia, he will have observed with dis
satisfaction, the discolored water flowing from
his hydrant, and bearing a strong resem-
blance to the mud which adorns tho wagons
of his Bucks county friends, a coloring which
heavy rains in that district has derived from
the readily dissolved clays, and which has
been borno to the city reservoirs.
It is deplorable lo observe how manj' pass
through life indifferent to the common aspects
of nature, careless whether tho present ever
had a past, and unconscious that they are
looking upon scenes whose origin may be
found in operations that were in active play
far back in the historj' of our planet, or even
at its creation. Few, I apprehend, who tra-
verse this interesting part of our State, pause
to regard the ridges and conical eminences
above referred to, as evidences of early over-
flows of lava, identical with much of that
which is still thrown up from some living or
active volcanoes. Many of these ridges are
not apparentlj- lava or d^^kes of basalt, but are
simply the red sandstone rock altered or
baked bj' the core of basalt within it. The
Gwynedd tunnel has been cut through one of
these dykes. These ridges have been baked
to various degrees of hardne-s, some merely
rendered tough and the surrounding soil made
difficult to drain from the surface, and form
ing extensive swamps, or inclined to form
clods when plowed and partiallj' dried in the
sun, others have been hardened until they re
semble brick, while some will ring, giving out
a metallic sound when struck. This ancient
lava, which is elsewhere more frequently found
in full exposure, is perhaps of the same com-
position as the ancient surface of the earth,
and certainly similar to the molten parts that
lie deep beneath the crust. Late experiments
show that when this lava is cooled suddenly
it is converted into a black glassy substance,
but that when cooled slowly, it produces a
stony rock similar to the basalt occasionally
seen in the district we are describing.
A Testimony of Bradford Moiitlily Mccliiis, coiicmiiiig
our beloved friend, Ebenezer Worth, deceased.
THE FRIEND.
r v^ 'vj 'J 1-* f
35
and was remarkably qualified by the leaven-
ing iiitlLieiue of Divioo Grace, to perform in
meekness and wisdom, the various duties de-
volving upon him in that station during the
remainder of his useful life. He was also
largely made use of iu otiier important ser-
ices in the Church, which he performed to
the comfort and satisfaction of his Friends ;
id by watchiulness to the inspeaking voice
of Israel's unslumbering Shepherd he became
quick of understanding in the fear of the Lord,
id gifted to administer counsel and encour-
agement to the humble, careful traveller;
speaking a word in season to those who were
weary, and faithfully discouraging forward,
unruly spirits, that run into words or actions
contrary to the life and power of Truth.
He labored earnestly for the building up
and strengthening of the weak places in the
walls of our Zion, and the promotion of truth
and righteousness among men ; the meek and
unassuming manner in which he performed
his religious and social duties, bearing ample
evidence that he sought no selfish aggrandise-
ment or the praise of men, and giving a savor
and seal to his services hard to gainsay or
resist.
In the year 1843, after a season of deep
mental proving, he became assured that an
bearing Disciple of his crucified and risen
Lord, from whom he received his gifts and
qualifications for usefulness in the Church,
and also in the world at large; practically
illustrating the injunction " Let your light s )
shine before men that they may see your good
works and glorify your Father which is in
Heaven."
In his every day habits, and domestic con-
cerns, he was cheerful, industrious, economi-
cal, hospitable, and benevolent; adorning the
doctrine he had made profession of, being an
example of the believers, in word, in conver-
sation, in charity, in spirit, in faith and in
purity.
For several of the last years of his life, it
was evident his constitution was giving way;
but he was not alarmed at the prospect of
death, looking upon his afflictions as chasten-
ings for good; exhibiting no impatience, but
on the contrary a quiet resignation and steady
hope; and when his end drew near there was
abundant evidence that support was merci-
fully afforded ; the good presence of his Divine
Master being evidently round about him, as
some who were privilegi;d to be with him on
the solemn occasion can testif)^ ; he being fully
sensible thereof, though regarding himself as
a poor unworthy creature and ascribing all to
impression which had for a considerable time the mercy of God in Christ Jesus our Lord
rested weightily upon his mind, was a religious His death occurred on 16th of 6th mo. 1877,
duty req'iired of him by his Divine Master, in the 74th year of his age.
whom he desired to obey and serre without His funeral was attended by a groat con
any earthly reservation, to leave his pleasant course of people of all classes, evincing the
and comfortable home and all its endear- impression which had been made by his pious
ments, and go to the Alleghany Reservation
in the State of New York, to assist in carry-
ing out the concern which has long rested on
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, for the civiliza-
tion and improvement of the Indians residing
thereon. And his offer of service having re-
ceived the approval and encouragement of the
Indian Committee, with the approbation and
unity of Friends at his home, he soon after
entered upon that important engagement, in
which he continued about seven years, faith-
fully laboring among those poor people, under
a deep religious concern for the promotion of
their best interests both temporal and spiritual:
his unassuming manner, and firm, disinterest-
ed zeal on their behalf, ultimately inspiring
a confidence, and giving him an influence with
them which very few have obtained.
After ceasing to reside near them, bis con-
cern for and deep interest in all that pertained
to their well being remained with him to the
last; and often has he been heard to refer to
the time spent among them, as affording in
the retrospect some of the most satisfactory
recollections of his life.
example of close attention and faithful obed
ence to the teaching of the grace of God that
brings salvation and hath appeared unto all
men.
Evolution, or the theory of the natural development
of forms of organic life from lower or anterior
forms or types.
From a work entitled " Present Conflict of Science
with the Christian Religion" by Herbert W.
Morris, A. M.
CContinned from paga 2S.)
Evolutionists have never adduced a single
instance of any animal speaking, or trying to
learn to speak ; nor have they been able to
explain in any consistent or sensible manner
how the barrier of language, which divides
man from all animals, might have been effectu-
ally crossed. And the hopelessness of any
such attempt is sufficiently evident from Dar-
win's futile efforts. In one place,* this writer
attributes the faculty of speech in Man to his
having acquired a higher intellectual nature;
while in another place, f he attributes his
hiiiher intellectual nature to his havin
... ._ ^ at
He was blessed with more than a compe- taiued the fltcalty of speech. Thusheargues
tence of this world's goods, which
without abuse; distributing thereof with a
liberal hand and generous heart to suffering
humanity in want, his mind being humbled
under a sense of his accountability as a stew-
ard, and the awfulness of having to render a
final account thereof.
While we desire to be preserved from as-
cribing anything to the man, irrespective of
the operation of Divine Grace, we feel con-
strained to impress on the minds of survivors,
and especially of the beloved youth, his re-
gard to parental watchfulness and counsel,
and his deeply instructive example of submis-
sion in early life to wear the yoke of Christ,
being not ashamed thereof; thus acknowledg-
ing Ilini before men, by becoming a cross-
like the door upon its binges, going and com
ing, but making no progress. And his other
attempts to bridge over the chasm which
separates instinctive cries from rational speech
are certainly among the most remarkable ex-
amples of groundless speculations that ever
found their way into print. See Vol. I., p.
51, &c.
On the subject of Language no higher au-
thority can be quoted than that of Professor
Ma.x Midler: "There is to my mind," says this
distinguished scholar, "one difficulty which
Darwin has not sufficiently appreciated. There
is between the whole animal kingdom on one
* Descent of Man
t TIj. Vol. II., p.
de, and man, even in his lowest state, on the
other, a barrier which no animal has ever
crossed, and that barrier is — Language. By
no effort of the understandin?, by no strelch
f the imagination, can I explain to myself
how language could have grown out of any-
thing which animals possess, even if we grant-
ed them millions of years for that purpose.
If anything has a right to the name of! specific
'lifference, it is language as we find it in man,
and in man only. I hold that nothing de-
serves the name of man except what is able
to speak. Taking all that is called animal on
one side, and man on the other, I must call it
nconceivable that any known animal could
ever develop language. Professor Schleicher,
though an enthusiastic admirer of Darwin,
observed once jokingly, but not without a
deep meaning, ' If a pig were ever to say to
me, I am a pig, it would ipso facto cease to be
a pig.' This shows how strongly he felt that
language was out of the reach of any animal,
and the exclusive property of man."*
M. Figuire, in h\s L' Homme Prlmitif, holds
the same view: " Intelligence and speech are
really the attributes which constitute Man;
these are the qualities which make him the
most complete being in creation, and the most
privileged of God's creatures. Show me aa
ape who can speak, and then I will agree
with you in recognizing it as a fact that raaa
is nothing but an improved ape!"
3. Moral difference. — To the mental furni-
ture of Man belongs a Moral Sense, which is
to bo found in no other earthly creature. He
is endowed with Conscience, a power or ca-
pacity by which he instantly and irresistibly
feels the difference between right and wrong.
This is his noblest and crowning faculty. Its
peculiar office is to arbitrate and direct all his
other powers and propensities according to
"cctitude, so far as that is apprehended by his
understanding. To the last line and limit of
its enlightenment, its voice is always and
everywhere distinct and authoritative on the
idc of right, of truth and justice. "This
sense," says Mackintosh, " has a rightful su-
premacy over every other principle of human
action." Its authority is to the soul sacred and
supremo. It is empowered to pronounce cen-
sure and applause, and to administer rewards
and punishments. It follows up every act
nd exercise of man with instant approbation
or condemnation ; if its dictates are cheerfully
and implicitly obeyed, it bestows in reward
the pleasure of inward complacency and self-
approbation ; but if its impulses arc resisted
or disregarded, it inflicts the pain of a sense
of guilt, 'or the feeling of remorse.
Of the existence of such a faculty in the
breast of man there is no doubt. Now the
question is. Whence this Moral Sense to man ?
Darwin does not hesitute to declare that it is
the developmentof brutal instinct. "The first
foundation or origin of moral sense," he says,
"lies in the sociat instincts, including sympa-
thy ; and these instincts no doubt were primari-
ly gained, as in the case of the lower animals,
through Natural Selection. "f And he thus at-
tempts to account for its growth and maturity
into what we now call conscience : " The social
instincts lead an animal to take pleasure in the
society of its fellows, to feel a certain amount
of sympathy with them, and to perform vari-
ous services for them. . . . The
social
* Lectures on the Philosophy of Lanrjuaye, No. 2.
t Dcscait nJMan, Vol. II., p 377.
36
THE FRIEND.
stincts -would give tho impulse to act for the
good of the community. . . . Habit in the
individual would uliimately play a very im
portant part in guiding the conduct of each
member. . . . Each individual would have
an inward sen.se of possessing certain stronger
or more enduring instincts, and others less
strong or enduring, so that there would often
be a struggle, which impulse should be follow
ed, and satisfaction or dissatisfaction would be
felt, as past impressions were compared dur
ing their incessant passage through the mind
In this case an inward monitor would tell tht
animal that it would have been better to have
followed the one impulse rather than the
other. . . . Thus any animal whatever,
endowed with well-marked social instincts,
would inevitably acquire a moral sense or
conscience, as soon as its intellectual powers
had become as well developed, or nearly as
well developed, as in man."f
Paul at the Tom!) of Virgil.
There is something exceedingly touching
as well as beautiful, in the old tradition, that
Paul on his way to Rome, when delayed at
Puteoli, went up to the tomb of Virgil, and
there wept at the thought that the great poet
had died without the knowledge of Christ.
Stanley, in his well known sermon on Ckris-
iian'3lissions, after showing how Christianity
seeks to make men purer and nobler and bet-
ter, alludes to Paul's deep sympathy with this
aim, and then remarks:
"It was a tine touch in the ancient Latin
hymn which describes how, when the Apostle
landed at Puteoli, he turned aside to the hill
Pausilipo to shed a tear over the tomb of
Virgil, and thought how much ho might have
made of that noble soul if he had but found
him still on earth.
Ad Maronis mausoleum
Ductus, fudit super euiu.
Pise vocem lacrymse ;
Quantum, dixit, te fecissem,
Si te vivura invenissem,
Poetarum maxime!
The condensed phraseology of the verse,
which reminds us of some of the most concise
and striking of tho odos of Horace, scarce
admits a literal translation of its impressive
and touching thought. But a free paraphrase
may, to the English leader, give some idea of
the oiiginal.
On his way to Nero's court,
When at Puteoli's port,
At the tomb where Virgil slept,
Paul, in thoughtful sadness wept;
Wept, that he of worhl-wide fame.
Should have died ere Jesus came !
In liis musings, unexpressed,
This the thought that swelled his breast:
Oh! that I had found thee living
In the light the cross is giving;
Could have seen thee, from above
Taught to know a Saviour's love ;
Tlien, with love to Christ supreme,
Thine had been a nobler theme ;
And thy harp, in loftiest lays,
Down the ages rolled his praise !
Thoughtful and sad, Paul from the hill went down,
To Rome, to prison, to a Heavenly crown !
—Nat. Baptist.
Dare to be singular, when you see all around
you to be wrong: " So did not I, because of
tho fear of God."
t lb. Vol. I., p. r„s-70.
LITTLE THINGS.
One step and then another.
And the longest walk is ended ;
One stitch and then another.
And the largest rent in mended ;
One brick upon another,
And the highest wall is made ;
One flake upon another.
And the deepest snow is laid.
So the little coral workers,
By their slow but constant motion,
Have built those pretty islands,
In the distant dark blue ocean;
And the noblest undertakings
Man's wisdom hath conceived,
By oft-repeated effort
Have been patiently achieved.
A little— 'tis a little word.
But much may in it dwell ;
Then let a warning voice be heard.
And learn the lesson well ;
The way to ruin thus begins,
Down, down, like easy stairs ;
If conscience suffers little sins.
Soon larger ones it bears.
A little theft, a small deceit.
Too often leads to more ;
'Tis hard at first, but tempts the feet.
As through an open door.
Just as the broadest rivers run
From small and distant springs.
The greatest crimes that men have done
Have grown from little things.
— Bible Banner.
GOD KNOWETH BEST.
Sometime, when all life's lessons have been learned.
And sun and stars forevermore have set.
The things which our weak judgments here have
spurned —
And things o'er which we grieved with lashes wet-
Will flash before us, out of life's dark night,
As stars shine most in deeper tints of blue ;
And we shall see how all God's plans were right,
And how what seemed reproof was love most true.
And we shall see how, while we frown and sigh,
God's plans go on as best for you and me ;
How, when we called, he heeded not our cry.
Because his wisdom to the end could see.
And even as prudent parents disallow
Too much of sweet to craving babyhood,
So Grod, perhaps, is keeping from us now
Life's sweetest things because it seemeth good.
And if, sometimes, commingled with life's wine,
We find the wormwood, and rebel and shrink.
Be sure a wiser hand than yours or mine
Pours out this portion for our lips to drink.
And if some friend we love is lying low.
Where human kisses cannot reach his face,
Oh, do not blame the loving Father so,
But wear your sorrow with obedient grace !
And you shall shortly know that lengthened breath
Is not the sweetest gift God sends his friend,
And that, sometimes, the sable pall of death
Conceals the fairest boon his love can send.
If we could push ajar the gates of life.
And stand within, and all God's working see,
We could interpret all this doubt and strife.
And for each mystery could find a key !
But not to day. Then be content, poor heart !
God's plans, like lilies, pure and white imfold.
We must not tear the close shut leaves apart ;
Time will reveal the calyxes of gold.
And if, through patient toil, we re.ach the land
Where tired feet, with sandals loose, may rest.
When we shall clearly know and understiind,
I think that we shall say, "God knew the best 1"
Never give way to Badnes.i. Put on your
hat, anil go to visit tho poor and tho sick in
your neighborhood. Seek out tho desolate
and distressed ; inquire into their wants, and
minister to thom. 1 have often tried it, and
have alwaj's found it tho best medicine for a
lieavy heart. — ./ohn Howard.
For "Ttie Frieud."
Iiicitlpiits anti Reflections.— No. 16.
It is often a trial of faith to those who are
but poorly supplied with this world's goods,
to bo called upon to sacrifice of their time and
means to tho Lord's cause. But they who
are in earnest in seeking first the kingdom of
Heaven and the righteousness thereof, will be
strengthened to obey the Divine requisitions,
and be enriched with the reward of peace ;
whether their outward possessions increase
or not.
The record which Joseph Hoag has left of
his experience in his younger years, is instruc-
tive. He says: "We were married when I
was a little past twenty years of age, and the
spring following commenced housekeeping;
being poorly provided with things necessary
for farming, which rendered my situation em-
barrassed. I often felt my mind drawn to
visit neighboring meetings, and sometimes
those more distant, which gave uneasiness to
some who concluded that it could hardly bo
required of mo to leave home so often, con-
sidering my limited circumstances; and that
in so doing, instead of keeping more strictly
to business in order to provide for my family,
room would be given for others to fix the
stigma upon me of being a forward person,
which might be injurious to my services.
These reasonings br.aight a great exercise of
mind, and bore me down exceedingly, until
the Lord helped me, and enabled me to see
with clearness, that there was no room to
scruple the manifestations with which He
had favored me ; speaking thus intelligibly to
my spiritual ear: 'I, the Lord, hold all tho
treasures of the creation in my hand, and I
can blast all the endeavors, contrivances and
wisdom of man, and give bread to the hungry,
and water to the needy. When didst thou
ever see the righteous forsaken or his seed
begging bread ? Obey thou my voice, and not
hat of man, and thy bread and thy water
shall be sure, thy family shall be fed of my
bounty, and taken better care of than thou
art able to take of them.' * * These open-
_? in the Light revived me, and encouraged
me to press forward with renewed confidence
the Lord."
When Joseph. Hoag was journeying iu Nova
Scotia, he held a meeting, of which he sa^'S :
[V number came to it, who had never been
at a Friends' meeting before. It was a favored
meeting; the minds of the people were ten-
dered, and they appeared desirous to show
their gratitude. I thought it best to retire
from them as quietly as I could. In ihe even-
ng it came into my mind, that when 1 do-
parted I must give the mistress of the house
vhere we lodged, a dollar. In the morning
t came into my mind again, so that when wo
deparleil, I left a dollar in her hand.
When wo got on the road, John Cam-
bridge told mc ho went out among the poojilo
ifter meeting, and they were gathering money
or me, until ho told them I would not take
it. Thoy then stopped. The husband of the
woman I gave the dollar to, was tho most
earnest to raise something handsome for me.
I then thought I could see clearly why my
mind was iinprossed to leave money with
thom ; to show them I could give, but not ro-
ve on the principle they gave ; to confirm
John's testimony."
His travels ainongst this people opened tho
ay, in several instances, for Joseph Hoag to
:idain to them the views of Friends iis to a
THE FRIEND.
37
e gospel ministiy, and why it wus they
uld not eonscieniiously receive pay for
eiiching. In ono case, he suys, " A short
ne after I left Halifax, a messenger came
me, earnestly desiring to know, if live fann-
ed pounds, Halifax currency, a good sized
use, well furnished, a cow kept for the year
d brought to my door to be milked, with
cicnt wood cut at the door, would be
lary sufficient to satisfy me to come and
ttle with them. It brought a close trial
er my mind — not that the offer was any
mptation, any more than the dust I stood
but how to get along with it, and not
irt the people nor the good cause. Bej'ond
y expccialion, way opened to give my rea-
ns why I could not comply with their de-
■68, in so plain a way, with pleasantness,
at they took no oflfence, and we parted very
endly."
In another case, "they offered me a farm
five hundred acres of land, sixty acres under
od improvement, with a good house and
rn on it, for £100, and furnish it with five
?s, a j'oke of oxen, a span of hoi-ses, and
1 farming utensils, which I should have at
y own price, and from seven to ton years to
,y it in, without interest. They thought I
ight accept of this offer, as it would not be
king a reward (they said) for preaching,
t a chance that would put mc in a situation
attend to my duty, without being ombar-
ised, or my family suffering want. In this
was more difficult to open the subject in all
bearings, so ihat they could clearly under-
and me, and to show them in what point I
ood, and the difference between their views
inc. When they understood me, ihey
knowledged I could not accept it; so we
rted very friendly and loving, which I
ewed as a great favor."
When at Knoxville, Tennessee, during a
me of hostilities with the Indians, he held a
eating, which was attended by many of the
Idiers who were located there. It proved
be a favored season, in which the peaceable
Dgdom of the Messiah was contrasted with
horrors of warlike movements. "After
eeting," he says, "I thought to get away
on, but before I could start, there came a
an to me with a number of silver pieces in
s hand, to reward me for my services, and
ged me to take them ; and to staj"^ three-
aarters of an hour, and they would raise
imething handsome for me, that this was not
alf enough ; that the people wanted to do it,
id I ought to receive it. I declined, and was
ecessitated to take up the subject at large,
d give them my reasons why 1 could not
ike one piece of the mone3^ The3' gathered
)Hud, and looked on me lilfe people amazed ;
ad when I got through, the man that had
money said, 'I believe you are conscien-
ous in it ; but I think you are a little bigoted,
;id we are sorry, for we think you ought to
ike the money.' I acknowledged their re-
ject and was glad to get away."
For "The Friend ."'
ffestern Yearly Meeting and tlie Eiiglisli Deputation.
In this day when the minds of Friends
verywhere are deeply stirred on account of
36 'diversities of doctrine and practice" which
ave obtained place amongst us; every thing
lat is said or written touching the questions
t issue is closely scanned; and the probable
ffoct of every movement in reference thereto,
is pondered over with more than common in-
terest.
Some remarks of a Friend writing from
Iowa, which have appeared in print, are wor-
thy of note. After speaking of the English
Deputation, and expressing the desire that
" their labors ma}' be directed and blessed by
the Head of the Church to the healing, har-
monizing and helping of our membership,"
he adds : " It will not help us to disguise the
fact that diversities of doctrine and practice
have run to such an extent, as to subject the
unity of our membership to extreme tests.
These separations here and there, are no light
thing, when they withdraw from us some
of our best members, and when, moreover,
there is a widespread sympathy with them
on the part of many who dare not seek relief
from present personal suffering by dismember-
ment of the body. Changes have come over
us in such rapid succession, as probably have
never been witnessed in any other religious de-
nomination. As these become more and more
fundamental, can we wonder that there should
be reliction and protest'?" * * * "Unity
is a thing not to be commanded or compelled.
In a society it can be required only within
the bounds of a constitutional basis. In the
church it must grow out of a common life in
one head."
It is much to be regretted that the utter-
ances of a part of the deputation in London
Yearly Meeting have been such as to preju-|
dice the service to which they were appointed.
It is a noticeable fact that the action of that !
meeting was chiefly based upon the sentiments j
propounded by ono member of said deputa-i
tion. His words justify one body claiming
to be Western Yearly Meeting, and crinjinate
the other. " It seemed to him a great strain'^
upon the truth that a body of Friends under j
those circumsiances should assume the char- 1
acter and position of the Western Yearly Meet- 1
ing." * * * "A character which rfoes nofj
belong to them." His great concern was to
" bring back those who he believed had made i
a great mistake." He also said "let us not|
depart from the view that secession is a most
disastrovs thing ;" without noting the fact
that secession from principle is the cause of such
disaster. If the cause is removed the desired
object is gained.
In view of the action of London Yearly
Meeting it may be asked : What can the I
deputation do in the matter? That meeting I
has full}' decided the case, and issued an
Epistle of greeting and unity to the one body,
with the expressed desire that the corre-
spondence may long continue unbroken, &c.
The Epistle from the other body " was re-
ferred to the Meeting for Sufferings," for that
meeting to send an acknovvledgmont of it,
with au exhortation to the Friends who sent
it " to reunite themselves in Christian fellow-
ship with their brethren from whom they
have separated."
Those friends therefore stand convicted by
London Yearly Meeting as offenders against
the discipline of Western Yearly Meeting.
How can the deputation approach those mem-
bers? or what more can they do than simply
to reiterate the advice already proffered by
the meeting deputing them ?
The action of London Yearly Meeting is
simply a rebuke upon the " reaction and pro-
test" that is taking place against the changes
in principle and practice which has been so
rapid in progress and become so fundamental
in character; and virtually encourages such
changes.
It fs a serious thing just now to put forth
the hand to stay the Ark, whether on the
part of meetings or individuals. Faithful
self-examination must precede and accompany
such service if successful. "Lord is it 1," is
a fitting enquiry for each and all.
A. S.
Ontario.
The Dangers of tjie Plains.
A letter from Winnipeg, Manitoba, to the
Chicago Times, says: There was found upon
the plains in the early spring, the body of a
man who has been missing since February
last. This unfortunate person was an officer
of the company, and had started in the depth
of winter, along with four others, to visit a
distant post. Their means of conveyance
were horse-sleds, instead of the ordinarj' win-
ter vehicles of the country — snow-shoes and
dog-sledges. The gentleman was a first-rate
traveller, and accustomed from boyhood to
such work. He knew the country well, and,
for a man of his strong constitution, the se-
verity of the winter's cold had, too, few ter-
rors. At the crossing of the White Mud
River he volunteered, as the party with which
he travelled had run short of pi'ovisions, and
their sleds, in consequence of deep snow,
travelled heavily, to push onward alone, with
the intention of sending back assistance from
the fort. He followed the track correctly
until nightfall, when he lost his way, proba-
bly in the attempt to find a shorter route.
The following m:)rniug he resumed his jour-
ney, but in the wrong direction, and, after
another night spent on the plain, running
about in a circle to preserve warmth, the third
day's travel brought him within .30 miles of
the fort, and very far distant from the track.
Here hope seems to have deserted him ; and,
after having hung a portion of his clothing
on a tree to attract the attention of any
passer-by, he lay down and was frozen to
death. When his dead body was recovered,
he lay with one hand on his heart, the other
containing a compass.
The half breeds who found his body read
by his tracks in the snow the whole history
of this fierce fight for life— read it with the
same ease that you read the account from the
page before you. There was not a fiotprint
or mark anywhere but formed a link in the
chain of evidence. They knew from the
varied hardness of the snow about the man's
tracks just how long before they had been
made; from the length of the stride when he
was walking deliberately and when excitedly,
and adduced therefrom the state of mind ho
was in at the time. The}^ knew he had not
taken proper precaution to sustain his failing
strength, because the leather of his mittens
and mocassin-tops, which hemight have eaten,
was untouched. It was easily comprehended
by these experienced plain-dwellers, too, that
the poor victim, on realizing himself as lost,
must have grown so excited as to lose his
presence of mind, or ho would have known
his necessary general position with reference
to the river, and have acted otherwise than
he did. With his practical knowledge of the
use of a compass, and of the country over
which he travelled, he could have brought
himself to any point he chose. But the dread
terror of being lost had deprived him of rea-
son in three days.
38
THE FRIEND.
Tbo time required to produce this effect
varies with different meotal constitutions. I
recall travelling across the prairie some years
since with a highly educated German, but of
extremely delicate physical organization, and
unaccustomed to prairie travel. We jour-
neyed by dog-sledge, and usually turned some
distance off the main track into the timber to
camp. After dinner one day, before the dogs
were harnessed to the sledges, the German,
saying he would walk ahead a short distance,
started off alone. When he reached the main
track, however, instead of going ahead, he
unwittingly took the back track. Having
lingered some time about the camp-fire before
starting, I journeyed on for somewhat over
an hour before deciding definitely that my
companion had taken the wrong direction. I
at once ordered the drivers to face about.
After nearly two hours' travel, we espied our
man at the distance of half a mile from the
road, in the deep snow, standing still. He
made no effort to approach us when motioned
to do so. Not wishing to run the dogs into
the deep snow, I remained on the trail with
them, while oue of the drivers went after him
on snow shoes. He returned leading the un-
fortunate man by the hand, in a bewildered
way, and I saw at once from the vacant ex-
pression of his face that his intellect was
shaken. The experienced drivers shook their
heads knowingly, with the remark that he
would come around all right after a time. It
was not until late next day, however, that he
recovered the use of his faculties sufficiently
to give any description of what had befallen
him. He said that, on realizing he was lost,
he had suffered alternate paroxysms of terror
and despair, until at last reason had left him
and he recollected no more.
Another incident, which occurred during
the summer buffalo hunts may serve to illu.s-
tralo more thoroughly the intensity of the
terror which overtakes the lost. We had in
our party a very intelligent young English-
man, a former midshipman in the iioyal
Navy, but totally ignorant of plain life. He
was warned repeatedly, and perhaps unduly,
of the danger of becoming separated from the
party. During the progress of the chase,
however, he wandered off by some means,
and was unable to find his way back. This
continued for two hours only. When we
found him again he ran from us like a deer,
and it was only after an exciting chase on
horseback that we succeeded in catching him.
He was clean daft; and, strangest of all, his
hair, before a brown black, was bleached to
an iron gray.
To any one not familiar with the plains,
the danger of being left alone U|)nn them is
not to be underestimated. As well might he
be left upon an unchartered sea. The old, old
maps, framed from the discoveries of Cabot
and Cartier, which represented the centre of
America as a vast inland sea, erred only in
the description of the ocean, which they placed
in the central continent. The ocean is there;
but it is one of grass and waves of sand, and
its shores are the crests of mountain ranges
and dark pine forests. Left alone upon the
illimitable jjlain, passing by, in his ignorance
of prairie craft, those numberless mile stones
to safety which make to the plain-dweller
a great public highway, the inexperienced
traveller begins at Icnjith to reali/.o that ho is
lost. It dawns upon him at first in a sense
of absolute bewilderment — a bewildernxent so
intense as to produce for the moment an al-
most perfect blank in the mind. He is in-
capable of summoning thought sufficient to
realize anything — to consider his present
situation or take measures for future action.
It is an indefinable state, where all is chaotic,
quickly succeeded, however, by that all per-
vading terror which chain thought and action
in a manner nearly akin to death — a vague,
shapeless terror, imagining all possible things,
and painting mistily and hazily upon the
numb(!d faculties nameless miseries yet to be
experienced: a slow death by starvation or
thirst; exposure to the devouring elements
or wild beasts; tortures of every imaginable
description, always ending in a lingering
death ; and, above all, never more to look
upon a human face, never more to share hu-
man sympathy — a going out in utter dark-
ness, perfectly alone. Then despair joins
terror, adding her tortures; and, lastly, comes
that all-powerful, all-pervading desire for hu-
man companionship which, blending with the
former feelings, unhinges the intellect and
renders the man insane.
In winter the dangers of the prairie deepen
and bee mie manifold. The deep snows ob-
literate all landmarks. To the plain dweller,
however, all the myriad features of the prairie
are but so many guideboards pointing out his
destination. He who runs may read. He
has the sun by day, the moon and the stars
b}' night. The turning of a blade of grass
points him east or west; the bark of every
tree north and south ; the birds of the air
forecast the weather for him. The minutest
trail or track is visible to him. He sees a twig
broken, and it tells the story of a passing ani-
mal; an upturned pebble on the beach tells
him the hour when the animal drank. He
will distinguish the trail of a wagon on the
prairie years after it has passed. The grass,
he says, never grows the same. There'is not
a sigh of the restless wind that is unintelligi-
ble to him. He will take a straight course
in one direction over the plains, where no
landmarks can be seen, on days when the sun
is not visible, nor a breath of air stirring.
The half breed or Indian never gets lost. If
he be caught in a storm upon the plain, his
escape becomes simply a question of physical
endurance. Of a lower order of culture, and
of a solitary habit, he is scarcely susceptible
to the mental torture that prostrates the white
man. As an illustration of this fact, let me
tell you the story of a half-breed of my ac-
quaintance.
This hybrid individual was by occupation
a voyageur in summer and a trapper and hun-
ter in the winter season. His mental calibre
was very ordinary, being unable to read or
write, and his habit apathetic, living much
alone. Some of his ponies having strayed off
upon the prairie during the winter months,
he went in quest of them. The prairie was
the native heath to him, which he had trod-
den from infancy with the same assurance
that ordinary mortals walk the pavement.
He had no fear of being lost; every depres
sion in the snow-clad earth, every stunted
shrub, was a landmark to guide him on his
way. Yet, after an absence of half a day, a
storm arose, which obscured the landscajje,
and, despite his prairie craft, he found him-
self lost. Ho accepted the situation, and
knowing that any efforts to extricate hiuiself
until after the subsidence of the storm would
only prove fruitless, set about making pre-
parations for his safety from freezing. Ij
attached himself to a clump of cotton-wo(j
trees as a land-mark, and walked in a circji
about it. Night came on, and he still walke|
Day followed, and night again found him stij
walking and the storm unabated. At long!
his mocassins wore off his feet. He took tlf
long " militaires" from his hands and tied thef
on in lieu of shoes. Then he walked ((
through the third, fourth and fifth days ai
nights, supporting life by chewing his leathl
hunting shirt. The sixth morning found li|
feet frozen, and striking the beaten path lill
bits of wood; his hands were in a like co|
dition, and his face but little better. Duritt
that day, however, some wandering Indiai|i
discovered him in an apparently dying coi|
dition. They took him to a neigtiboriiig foil
and, after the surgeon had bereft him of poj
tions of both hands and feet, and taken j
piece from his face, he got well. j
When found by the Indians, it is worth
of remark that, with the exception of el
hauslion, the man was mentally more acul
than when he was first lost. During all thoj
fearful days and nights the combination |
terror, despair, and, above all, longing f|
human companionship, had striven againJ
that dull intellectuality and apathetic teij
perament in vain. There was an inditt'erenj
to and ignorance of the finer parts of tl
torture which effectually shielded him fro
danger. He simply did not know enough
experience any of the feelings which wou
have wrecked a higher order of intelligonc
Testimony of Aberdeen Monthly Meeting, (.%(
land), concerning Lydia Ann Barclay, w
died on the 2lst of 1st month, 1855, aged !
years, and whose remains were interred
Oockermouth, on the 7th of 2iid month, folio
ing : a minister about 20 years.
(Concluded from page 21.)
Lydia Ann Barclay was recorded a minj
ter on the 24th of 12th month, 1835, whil
resident at Croydon, and in this capaci
visited many of the counties of England, on
the Yearly Meeting of Friends at Dublin, ai
twice the meetings of Scotland. In 184
under an apprehension of duty, she reniovi
from Reigate in Surrey, where she had
sided nearly eight years, and settled in Abe
deen. Whilst living here she was liberate
in the 2nd month, 1819, for religious servi
in the Quarterly Meeting of Cornwall ; in t
following year she visited the meetings ai
part of the families of Friends in Dorset ai
Hants, and attended the Yearly Meeting
Dublin ; in the 1st month, 1852, she hetd,
meeting with a portion of young women ei
ployed in the factories at Aberdeen ; and,
1854, was engaged to visit, in Gospel lov
the meetings composing the Quarterly Mei
ing of Cumberland and Northumberland ; t
sides other services at different times with
the compass of this General Meeting.
It was her conscientious endeavor t
cupy faithfully, as a good steward, with t
outward means with which she wasabundai
ly blessed, being concerned to do good and
communicate, and being herself in depo
merit, dross, and the furniture of her hou!
an example of plainness and simplicity, \
she believed the spirit of Christ led into. S
removed to Cockormouth earl}- in the 10
month, 1854, and had been there but little mc
than four week-s, when a jiaralytic seizui
THE FRIEND.
39
red her of the use of her left side, and af-
ed her mind with frequent and protracted
iderings.
tbout this time a relative bidding her fare-
1, and adding, "The Lord be with thee,"
said, "He has been with me ; I have bad
ay favored times; they have been very
set;" and at another interval, "I have
D brought very low, but Divine aid has
ported me." She had been under much
ircise for the young females engaged at the
tories at Cockermouth ; and on one occa-
a, expressing this, and her desire that
luld visit them frequently, and assist in
bhing them to read, &c., she added: — she
nted young Friends to be encouraged to
their talents, though it might be in a iit-
way : the little would be accepted that
Is done in love to the Lord, for even a cup
[cold water, if given in His name, would
[76 its reward; none should shrink from
hse services because they could do but lit-
'; little ability, little means, little talent,
^ht not to hinder ; all could do something ;
\i if we omitted to do what was called for
'our hands for our poor suffering fellow-
latures, how could we expect to have the
issing of those who were ready to perish,
irest upon us. She thought we ought to be
thful in speaking our raind.s to others, not
lerred by the fear of offending them, lest,
f unfaithfulness, we should endanger the
\\ of our brother, and his blood should be
laired at our hand; also how sad it would
t if owing to us, he should go to the place
perdition, " where their worm dielh not,
d the fire is not quenched."
It pleased Him who had afflicted her, gradu-
y to restore her mental faculties; when
der a deep sense of the humiliating con-
lion of her earthly tabernacle, and of the
bunding mercy of her dear Lord and Mas
', she wrote the following : — "My mind has
en so filled with these words that I believe
Inust try and write them down to the glory
!God.
'"And now, O Lord! I desire to praise,
id to thank, and adore th}' holy name, foi
I thy great goodness and mercj-, to thy
ior, weak, unworthy servant, who is truly
'worthy the least of all thy tender mercies
ward her: especially making known and
V-ealing thy grace, in favoring her, with
bers of her family, with thy blessed day-
iring from on high ; whereby thou hast
tiught me forth out of darkness and the
adow of death, and hast in measure trans
ted me into the kingdom of thy dear Son
Lord and Saviour. For when thy life comes tol and have grown up to maturity, who are to
reign over all, then thy ])eaee and praise shall la large extent ignorant of the real position
til! m}' soul ! peace with thee through Jesus and standing of our Ohio Friends.
Christ, and thj- peace and love to all man-
nd the world over (but not their sins.) Oh !
be pleased thus to fill me with thy peace and
praise, who art worthy, wonhy of all praise
and thanksgiving, honor, adoration and re-
own, and living, living praises, not only
now, but now., henceforth, and for ever more.
Amen."
After this, in a letter to a friend, she re-
marks, " I always had a feeling that my mov-
to this place would be like the end of my
career, but what a mercj" to have been spared
and so favored during this painful lime; yea,
favored with songs of praise in the night sea-
son, and heartfelt praise and thanksgiving by
day, 80 as to be quite resigned to wait the
Lord's time!" Thus, with a heart overflow-
ing with gratitude for all her mercies, — the
sweet savor of her spirit evidencing that her
dwelling was in the secret place of the Most
High, — a second seizure, on the 25:h of the
1st month. 1S55, deprived her of the use of
the other side, also of speech and the power
of swallowing. Li this prostrated state, ap
parently with litile or no pain, she lay until
the 31st of the same, when she quietly and
peacefully breathed her last.
THE FRIEND.
NINTH MONTH 14,
We have received a copy of a pamphlet
recently issued bj' our brethren of Ohio Yearly
Meeting, containing a short statement ex-
plaining the establishment of meetings in
subordination to their body in the distant
State of Iowa; the "Testimony" of the Ameri-
can Yearly Meetings, which was issued in
1S30; and the "Appeal for Ancient Doctrines,"
i.ssued by Philadeljihia Yearly Meeting in 1817,
and adopted by Ohio Yearly Meeting soon
after.
The Testimony of 1830 was called forth by
the separation which had then recently been
caused by the dissemination of sentiments
regarding the divinity of our Saviour and the
atoning efficacy of His sacrifice, at variance
with the doctrines of our Society. While it
is full on these points, it also contains a brief
summary of various other doctrines and testi-
monies, which have ever been upheld by faith-
ful Friends.
The Appeal of 1847 was occasioned by the
bo hath abolished Oeath, and brought life introduction of writings among our members,
id immortality to light through the Gospel,' which, while fully recognizing our views on
ng us a lively hope through thy dear Son
id f'avoring with an humble hope of accept-
Ice, according to thy precious grace, through
im in whom we have redemption through
is blood, and forgiveness for the sins that
e repented of. And now. Lord, may it
ease thee so to work in and upon thy poor,
iworlhy child, as to bring me into au hum-
e resignation, a true resignation and real
bjection to thy mighty power and holy will
' all things, that I may by thy goodness, be
irified and prepared, through this humbling
ftpensalion, for ray awful time of translation,
h ! so work in and upon me, as that thy life
[ay reign and come into dominion over all,
\A thus I may be permitted graciously to
kain a glorious victory over death, hell,
id the grave, through thy dear Son, my
the points which had been in dispute in the
controversies of 1827, and therefore free from
any taint of XJnitarianism, manifested an er-
roneous tendency in other directions.
The re-issue at this time of these two pam-
phlets, is a fresh Testimony by Ohio Yearly
Meeting of its attachment to the original
principles of the Society of Friends. We
trust that it may prove useful to many in
other Yearly Meetings, in bringing to their
notice the ground occupied by this body of
Friends, who have been to a large extent
isolated of latter years from most of the pro-
fessors of Quakerism, excepting Philadelphia
Y'early Meeting, and the smaller division of
that in New England. In the lapse of time
since this isolation took place, children have
been born in other sections of the Society,
A copy of the work of which we have been
peaking, was received by a valuable Friend
n a distant neighborhood, whose meeting is
lot in official connection with our Friends in
Ohio ; and the effect on his mind was to en-
courage him to believe that " as sound Friends
everywhere come to understand one another more
perfectly, there will be a getting more into one."
This sentiment is one that sometimes ad-
ministers encouragement to us amid the trials
and perplexities of the present daj-. We
cherish the hope, that those who are united
n doctrine and spirit will be drawn more
closely together; and that the obstacles which
now separate them from the full enjoyment
of gospel fellowship will melt away. How
this will be accomplished, we do not foresee ;
but all power is in the Divine Hand, and the
Lord knows how to bring his purposes to
pass. We can at least labor to remove from
our own hearts, feelings of coldness and in-
ditference, which prevent us from entering
into sj-mpathy with and laboring for the help
of those who under many discouragements
are trying to uphold a testimony to the Chris-
tian religion as believed in, preached, and
lived up to by George Fox and his associates.
There are some evidences (such as the re-
mark already quoted), that enlightened views
on church fellowship are cherished, and we
hope increasing, among us as a p3ople. As
an illustration of this, we give an extract from
a recent letter from a friend, whom circum-
ances have placed in such a position that
there is no mutual recognition by the bodies
to which wo respectively belong — "very fully
does my heart respond to [the] desire that
the time may come when those who are seek-
ng to stand for the Law and Testimony, as
held by primitive Friends, may be united as
in one band. And nothing can so availingly
produce this much to be desired state, as for
ndividually to grow into the ' unity of the
Spirit and the bond of peace' with the Father
through His dear Son — the greatest of attain-
ments and yet attainable.
" Views of expediency do not so much rest
'ith me, as an earnest desire to bo one of the
ttle ones who share in the dew dispensed to
those who wail for it. These, however tempt-
, proved or tried they may be at seasons,
so long as the faith given of God be kept, will
ealizd what the Apostle was made strong by,
-' My Grace is sufficient for thee' — to be
poken at times when almost ready to faint;
and these can acknowledge as fellow travel-
lers, any who are pursuing the same path,
though some shadows may in one sense inter-
vene."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
UsiTED States.— The average daily number of
deaths from yellow fever for the past week in New Or-
leans, has been about eighty. In Memphis the number
is nearly as great. The pestilence continues its ravages
in Vick.sburg, Grenada, Greenville, and Canton, and
has become epidemic at Plaquemine, La., and Lake
Station and Balton, Miss.
According to official reports, there are in New York
city 8759 plaee.s where malt and spirituous liquors can
be had at retail. , tt • i
Fruit culture is making rapid progress in the United
States. According to recent statements, 4,500,000 acres
of land are appropriated to this industry. The total
value of the fruit crop is estimated at $1:58,216,700, an
amount equal to half the value of the average wheat
crop of the country.
40
THE FRIEND.
A. statement has been prepared by the Loan Division
of tlie Treasury Dji)artineiit, showing, in detail, the
operations of tlie department, in refunding the national
debt. Froai this statement it appears, that from 12th
mo. 1st, 1S71, to 9th mo. Lst, 1878, the aggregate amount
of six per cent, bonds refnndt-.l into bunds bearing a
lower rate of in'.;.- i -a- i - ~:,M 1 1 ;, im. i ■ :iliiiii; in an
aggregates IV. ■ i : ; , illoorer
$i,OOU,000 !■ :■!■ .,,
On and after i;:.- 1 1; h in-i., Iiv .lir ■- :Mn .jf tiie Secre-
tary of the Treasury, the siih-treasaries of the United
States will exohangi standard silver dollars for United
States notes.
A cubic foot of standard gold is worth $292,.500. A
cubic foot of standard silver ;fl0,891.
Two inches of snow fell at Clieyenne, Wyoming Ter-
ritory, on the morning of the 8th.
In this city during the past week 308 deaths are re-
ported. Of consumption 49 ; convulsions 10 ; cholera
infantuni 10; scarlet fever 10; typhoid fever 9.
The receipts of tlour and grain at the sis lake ports
of Chicago, Alilvvaukee, Toledo, Detroit, Cleveland and
Duluth, lor the eight months of this year, we-e 3,873-
104 barrels. Keducing Hour to its equivalent wheat,
the aggegrate receipts foot up to the enormous quan-
tity of 140,048,804 bushels of grain of all kinds, show-
ing an increase of 53,599,619 bushels over 1877.
Markets, cfec— American gold 100|. U. S. sixes 1881,
10S| ; 5-20 coupons, 186.5, 102f ; do. 1867, 105J ; do
180S, 1071 ; new 5's, 106| ; new 4 i^ per cents, 103'"; new
4 per cents, 101.
Cotton, 12| a 12J cts. per lb. for uplands and New
Orleans.
Flour.— The market very dull, the demind being
confined to the wants of the local consumers. Minne"-
sota extra sold for $4,75 for old stock, $5.25 a $5.50 for
new wheat, and $0 a S0.25 for fresh ground old wheat ;
patent and other high grades, $0.75 a *8.50. Rye tlour'
$3.12.} a S3.25.
Grain.— Wheat is dull: red, 93 cts. a $1.05 ; amber
$1.05 a $1.00; white, *].06 a $1.10. Rye, 60 cts. Corn,
49 a 52 cts. Oits, new white, 27 a 30 cts., and old, 32
a 34 cts. per bushel.
Hay and Straw.— Average price during the week —
Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts., per 100 pounds; mixed,
45 a 60 cts. Straw, 45 a 55 cts. per 100 pounds.
Beef cattle were in foir demin 1 at 5.i a 5J cts. for
extra Penna. and western steers, 4} a 5 cts. for fair to
good, and 3} a 4} cts. per pound gross for common.
Sheep, 3:1 -i il cts. per pound, as to condition. Hogs,
5i a 1\ cts. per pjund for CDmmon to choice.
All the collieries in the Sehnylkill region, including
many that were co.mpelled to suspend last month on
account of scarcity of water for the mine engines, re-
sumed operations on the 9th insl.
The election in Maine, held on the 9th, indicates large
Democratic and Greenback gain^. The election of
Governor will devolve upon the Legislature, as neither
candidate received a sutfieient number of votes for elec-
tion.
^ FoREiGS. — An excursion steamer returning from
Gravesend to London, on the evening of the 3rd inst
was run into by ;,n..t|„.r ^U-v.^vr, and sunk almost im'-
mediately. Ii m .■--, ,. l il,,-,-,. w>.|-,. 7<M [....-.ons on
board, betwi',-! , i , , , ; ; » ,,|' m li'iii] w,t.- diMivned a
large proporii.. i .i , , ^ h , i,,.;, m,.! .-Iiiiili-,.,,
During the l„i |,:Ui ye:u- lb., lutal expenditures in
England and Wales, for the maintenance and relief of
l)aupfrs, was .£2,135,008, an increase of three per cent.
RECEIPTS.
Received from .John C. Allen, City, $2, vol. 52, and
for Samuel L. Allen and John C. Allen, Jr., N. J., Jane
B. Eroomall, Del., and Samuel Leeds, Mich., $2.10
each, vol. 52; from Amos Roberts, N. J., 42.10, vol.
52; from William Smedley, City, $2, vol. 52; from
Charles Perry, R. I., $2.10, to No. 11, vol. 53, and for
J. Barclay Foster, Elizabeth Peckham, George C.
Foster, and Elizabeth Perry, J2.I0 each. vol. 52; from
the I
A sudden ini'iTVi-.' ,,
men are in tin- In,, nil:
TheEmp.n,,,,! , „.
opening ot tbe K. i.|],i
" that the anii-soci.ili:
spread of the pernici
arrested, and that tin
may be brought back t
-is made in the empL-ro
-, 13 reported, 307
if 2040.
ii-ech read at the
;|n-esses the hope
ilopted, that the
ovement may be
" No iclcrence
George Abbott, Jr., City, $2, vol. 52, and for George
Abbott, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Rebecca Hibberd,
Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from James G. McCollin, City, $2,
vol. 52, and for Anne G. MeCoUin, City, $2, and Ann
Garrett, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from Clayton Hancock,
N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Mary Ann Chambers, Pa.,
per George Sharpless, Agent, $2.10, vol. 52; from
Zimri Horner, lo., $2.10, vol. 52; from Charles A.
Clement, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Joseph Stanton, O.,
if2.10, vol. 52 ; from Benjamin D. Stratlon, Agent, O.,
for Alfred Brantingham, Josiah Cameron, Joduia Cop-
pock, Mary Coppock, Christiana Kirk, and Lewis B.
Walker, $2.10 each, vol. 52, and for Charles W. Sat-
terthwaite;-$2.10, to No. 19, vol. 53 ; from Jacob Maule,
O., *2.10, vol. 52, and for Israel Sidwell. Asenath Raleyi
and Joseph P. Lupton, $2.10 each, vol. 52; from
Samuel J. Eves, N. J., ji;2.10, vol. 52; from David J.
Brown, City, .#2, vol. 52; from Lewis .lohnson, O., per
Jordan B.illard, $2.10, vol. 52; from Walter Edgerton,
Ind., $2.10, vol. 52; from Lydia T- King, Pa., $2, vol.
62, and for Joseph E. Miokle, $2, vol. 52 ; from Mary
Ann Baldwin, Fa., $2.10, vol. 52; from Eliza J. Birton,
City, $2, vol. 52 ; from Frances S. Williams, City, $2,
vol. 52 ; from Mark Balderston, City, $2, vol; 52 ; from
Mary Kirkbride, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from William
Balderston, Pa., *2.I0, vol. .52; from William B.
H lines, N. J., S2.10, vol. 52; from Rebecca W. Burr,
SI. v.il. .-|2; from Mahlon Moon, Pa., $2.10, vol.
lid l'..r ( li irles Moon and William H. Moon, Pa.,
Willi, nil Fatnall, Del., $2.10 each, vol. 52; from
b Jioii.jn, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Clement
Ogden, Pa., i2.10, vol. 52 ; for Charles W. Roberts,
James C. Roberts, Lydia Yearsley, Jane W. Knight,
Charles L. Warner, Thomas R. Warner, and Joseph
W. Warner, Pa., $2.10 each, vol. 52; from Birtram
Kaighn, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Joseph E. Hoopes,
Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from Seneca Lincoln, Mass., *2.10,
vol. 52 ; from .Joseph Nicholson, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52 ■
from Dr. Stephen Wood, N. Y., .$2.10, vol. 52 ; from'
is D. .Smith, lo., $2.10, vol. 52, and for John Wil-
son, S2.10, vol. 52; fr.p.n Martha Mickle, N. J., $2.10,
ion, .Agent, O., $2.10, vol. 52,
and for Jesse Bailey, Jesse K. Livezey, Rachel Green,
Aaron Frame, Robert Plummer, George Tatum, Lydia
H. Bailey, John Bundy, Sarah S. Bundv, Elizabeth
B.iiley, Joseph Doudna, Joseph W. Uoudna, Francis
Uavis, p:iisha Djudna, Chalkley Daw.son, John S.
Davis, Matilda Parker, William Stanton, E^her Sears,
Jonathan T. Scolield, Barclav Smith, John Thomasson,
Dr. Ephraim Willi;.. ih,
Walton, Bjulah KuIh.u,
vol. 52, for Elizal,.:li W
and for Benjamin .~<miili.
from Jaiue.s Davis, Wesi
more, $2, vol. 52; from
$2.10, vol. 52; IVom Job
from Charles Wall...,. Ci
W. Bundy, Sam
Stanton, $2.10 each,
■.S, to No. 52, vol. 52,
II, to No 27, vol.52;
■ n.'i.j.i.nin W. Pa.ss-
I l,ii'].iiieott, N. J.,
. I'. , --:.10, vol. 52;
, City, >_', v,.l. :.-: iVoin Thomas
viil. 52; from Jesse W. Taylor,
■ n Lloyd Balderston, Md., $2.10,
Miller, O., ll>2.10, vol. 52; from
\u.nt, iV. .1., $2.10, vol. 52, and
10 each,
Al "■ " ■ """
Warrington, $2.10, to No. 18, vol. 53; from Ki.ha
Hall, Agent, England, 10s. 5d., vol. 52, and f...- .Sih,
Williams, Sarah Pear.son, Alfred Smith, Thomas W
liamson, Robert Biglaiids, William Walker, Josii
Thompson, Jane Meade, George M. Goundrv, .Josei
Hall, William Wigham, John Little, John h! Wallce
Martin Lidbetter, Nancy Ritson, Richard B. Broci
bank, and Josiah Hall, 10s. 5d. each, vol. 52, and f.
Sarah S. Moss and Thomas Jackson, 10s. 5d. each,
No. 31, vol. 53 ; for Phebe Jacobs, Pa., $2.10, vol. K
from George W. Thorp, Fkfd., $2.10, vol.52; fro
Edward Bon.sall, O., $2.10, vol. 52; from Jane S. Cod
fort and Charles Jones, Gtn., $2.10 each, vol. 52.
Remittances received after Fourth-day mornintj will \
appear in the Receipts until the following week.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Winter Session opens on Second-day, the 2S
of Tenth month. Parents and others intending to se
pupils to the Institution, will please make early appl
cation to Benjamin W. Pass.more, Sapt., (addre.
Street Road P. 0., Chester Co., Pa.,) or lo Chai{LES.
Allen, Treasurer, No. 304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
Philada. 9th mo. 11th, 1878.
WANTED
A well qualified woman Friend as Matron at Friend
Asylum for the Insane, near Frankford, Philadelphi
Apply to
Samuel Morris, Olney, Philada.
John E. Carter, Fisher's Lane, Germantow
FRIENDS' SCHOOL AT GERMANTOWN.
_ This School, under the care of Germautown Prepari
five Meeting, will reopen on Second-day, Ninth mont
9th. The school is divided into Primary, Intermedial
and Higher Departments, each supplied with goo
teachers. A new course of study has been pi-eparei
embracing the usual English branches, mathematie
Latin, Greek, French and Drawing. Special facilitie'
are afforded for instruction in Chemistry, Physics an
Physiology by a suitable laboratory, philosophical af
paratus and models in anatomy.
For term.s, &c., apply to Henry N. Hoxie, Prinoipa
Gerraantown, or Samuel Emlen, 631 Market St., Pliili
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A well qualified woman is wanted to take the sita;
tion of Nurse in the Boy.s' Department.
Application may be made to
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Chester Co., Pa.
Susanna F. Sharpless, Street Road, " "
Deborah Rhoads, Hiddonfield, New Jerse
Elizabeth R. Evans, 252 S. Front St., Pbiiada.
jrts
of til.
. this yuar's campaign, wluc'li can onlv bo
ee weeks longer, will not suffice to quell
Died, at the residence of her brother, Caleb Hoope
n Toughkenamon, Chester Co., Pa., on the 1st of Fift
10. 1878, Ann Hoopes, in the 71st year of h«r ;
member of New Garden Monthly Meeting.
, on the 2nd of Eighth month, 1878, Isaac I
GiFPORD, in the 92nd year of his age, a membe
elder of Dartmouth Monthly Meeting, Mass. His pel
ception of the things that belong to the Redeemer
kingdom seemed to be quickened as he neared tli
haven of eternal rest. He desired it might be publishe
far and wide, that in the consciousness of the near aji
proach of death, he had the blessed a.ssurance thi
through the love and mercy of God in Christ Jesn.s,
abundant entrance into the heavenly kingdom woul.
Ill, .N. .1,, for Eliza- j be granted; saying he had found no need of change i
1 1. 1. .r.ib S. Evans, the religion he had made profession of through a lor
, 3.2.10 each, vol. 52 ;' life— a religion embracing sound faitli in the doctrine
vol.52; forGilbi'i-i "I' tli.' G .^pfl .a.s IieM by the Society of Friends. Ye
:e, Susan L. Tem|ilf, " iih m. Ini.nble opinion of himself, he was careful nc
.1-0, Pa., and Abial. lo \>fcsrui claims to goodness beyond what would coi
X..I. 52: fn. Ill Mary ) respond with his daily walk in life. Firm in snppc
'.'; Ii .11 S.hiiirlF. of the principles of Truth as adhered to and pn.mi
W illiiin II. i;i-,,wn, gated by George Fox and the early Friends, he was v
ireful
It is reported from Co
Ills, suspected of Nihilism, have
jlled from the Universilie-i of St.
to heed the
indgcl." Hi
1 1,.. IP I Vmy John, $2.10. •:..
I'-, A-riil, O., $2.10, vol. ■.:
I'.vid Elly.son Mary AVi
JCdwiu Holloway, Ja
.^i.,,1, . ;nii.aro with what my dear .Saviour sufieiv.l lor th
J, ... Cope, sins of the world and for me — with emolions of dee
Robert i:ilyson, Eliza Ann Fogg, John II. Stanley, regret at one lime adding, " How strange ; that llioi:
Jiine Woolman, Abner Woolman', Henry P. Fallick, sands should .seem to live con ten tetlly without broati
Margery Crew, Anna W. Cobb, Sarah Woolman, Elwin ing the langiingo of ' Glorv to God in the highest, pe.ac
Fogg, and Isaac Cope, $2.10 e.ieli, vol. 52 and for Lv.lia ' on earth, g.io.l will lo nieii !' "
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, NINTH MONTH
NO.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice, if paid in advance, S2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent hy mail.
Subscription and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
IT SO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For " The Friend '*
Epistle of Ambrose Rigge.
I have just read an epistle of Ambrose
ligge in Friends' Library, which struck me
3 a suitable selection for publication in " The
riend," and I would like to have it circu-
ited among the members of our Society,
y being placed in its columns. It may be
sfreshing to some hungrj', thirsting souls,
ud it may also arouse some easy, careless
nes. What he writes concerning our deport-
lent under the governments we are subjects
f, seems to me instructive, and will be good
junsel to many in our Society at present.
I have a desire that his caution to youf g
eople to have a care how they are taken by
r with the glory of the world, may be pon-
ered over by some who suffer the lusts of
le eye and of the flesh, to prevail.
Colerain, Ohio, 6th mo. 1878.
L general epistle to all Friends and brethren,
everywhere ; to be read among them in the
fear of God, &c.
My dearly beloved friends, brethren and
isters, who are made partakers of that pre-
ious faith and word of it, which was once
lelivered to the saints, and true gospel-be-
ievers and witnesses ; by and in which they
rere sanctified, justified and glorified.
My heart and soul do earnestly breathe to
he Lord, that grace, mercy, truth and love,
aay be daily increased, and abundantly multi-
[lied, in and among you all; and that you
pay be preserved a peculiar people, and roj-al
riesthood, daily increasing in fruits of righte-
usness, as trees of the Lord's own right hand
lanting. So shall his worthy name, by which
ou have been called, be glorified by you, and
is high piaises be in your mouths, and a
two-edged sword in your hands, to wound the
[ragon and power of darkness, in all his ap-
pearances and transformings, which are and
|avc been many and various in our day; so
ihat some stars of heaven have been drawn
jown to the earth by his power, and have
nade great noises at their fall. But the foun
lation of God stands sure, and all who have
[Ontinued upon it, have been preserved un
novablo, not only through all storms which
»ave arisen in the sea, but have escaped the
kaits and snares which have been laid covertly
ti the earth : glory and renown ascend to
hat worthy name, which hath been our tower
,nd safe habitation to this day ; Amen, Amen
And now, mj- dear friends, niy life salutes
}-ou all, in the love of ray heavenly Father,
which daily abounds and flows towards jow,
from the least to the greatest, who retain your
first love and integrity towards the Lord, as
witnesses for his name upon earth, in testi-
mony and conversation. You, hath the Lord
chosen to be the first fruits to the glory of his
ternul and honoi-able name; keep your ves-
sels sound and clean, that He, who is the
fountain of all fulness and goodness, may
daily fill your cups, to hand forth to the
thirsty, as He hath filled ours, who went be-
fore you.
Oh I. my dear brethren and sisters, abide
n Him, your heavenly vine ; so shall every
pring of life and virtue, that opens in and
through you, water those plants, which the
Lord by the right hand of his power hath
planted into his likeness, that they might grow
n grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord
and Saviour Jesus Christ, and may be built up
together in Him a holy habitation, and spirit
ual household, to dwell together in unity, as
children of one Father : so shall peace possess
your habitations, and prosperity attend your
undertakings. This I have learned in my
day, through many tribulations, which have
attended my pilgrimage in this world: in all
which, I have been preserved, by the mighty
hand of God, through faith, to this day.
This I write for your encouragement, who
are coming up in the same life and gift ot
God, which He hath ordained to open life,
and the fountain of it, to all nations and kin-
dreds of the earth ; that his church may be
restored to her ancient glory and beauty,
which have been eclipsed and marred, in this
long night of darkness and apostacy that hath
overspread the nations, for nianj' generations.
But now she is returning out of the wilder-
ness, clothed with the sun ; and her lovers are
gathering to her from many corners of the
earth; and her glory hath eclipsed the wan-
dering stars, and will enrich the world with
righteousness; so that peace on earth, and
good will to men, shall be perfectly restored
in all them who are made living members of
her. For so hath Christ, her great prince,
husband and lawgiver ordained, that all her
members should be holy and without blame be
fore Him, as becomes his household and family.
So walk in Him, and follow that path of life
and holy conversation, which your feet have
been turned into, by your ancients and elders ;
many of whom are already gone to their rest,
where the wicked cease to trouble, and where
the weary are at rest, and the voice of the
oppressor is heard no more; and the rest arc
following after, clothed with spiritual armor.
the helmet of salvation, and shield of faith;
by which we have all along been able to
quench the fiery darts of the devil, which
have been many and great.
And 3'ou that are coming after, keep within
your armor of light ; so shall the same power
sustain you, and carry you, as on eagles' wing.s,
through all difficulties which the Lord will
yet suffer to be set before you, and will bo
your rock in the time of storm, and your
shadow in the time of heat ; for He is become
the rock of our age, as He was to ages and
generations before us; to all who have heard
and obeyed his word, against whom no weapon
hitherto hath prospered. For God will estab-
lish Sion, and build up Jerusalem of living
stones, upon the one foundation stone, and
many shall flock to her gates with songs of
praise in their mouths: for the gathering of
the people shall be to Shiloh, the peaceable
Saviour, that his kingdom of righteousness
maj' be established again in the earth, vvhere-
by she shall again enjoy her sabbaths.
For the Lord is arisen to awaken the nation,
and is putting trumpets in the mouths of
many, to sound an alarm in his holy moun-
tain ; and many are awakened, and rising out
of beds of ease and carnal security, where
they have long laid polluted in their blood,
and are now putting off their night garments,
which have been stained and spotted with the
flesh. And He is now fitting many to be
clothed with the garment of praise for the
spirit of heaviness, that they may be called
trees of righteousness, the planting of the
Lord. And many are made to run to and
fi-o, that divine knowledge and spirtual under-
standing of the divine mysteries of God's eter-
nal kingdom, may again be restored ; which
have been long hid from the wise and prudent
of this world, but are now revealing and re-
vealed to babes and sucklings ; out of whose
mouths the Lord will perfect his praise and
glory in the earth, which, in due time. He
will replenish with the knowledge of his
glory, as the waters do the sea.
And now, mj' dearly beloved in the Lord,
great and small, male and female, my heart
and soul daily breathe to the Lord for you
all, in the bowels of Jesus Christ, that you
may walk worthy of that high and honorable
calling, whereunto you are called, in all hu-
mility and godly sincerity, as lights in the
world ; so will you be daily baptized into the
death of Christ, and be made partakers of hi.s
resurrection ; which none can have a part in,
but they who are first baptized into his death.
Such are arisen with Him to newness of life,
and are earnestly seeking those things which
are above ; though they walk on earth, yet
their conversation is in heaven, having an eye
to the recompense of reward; which no mor-
tal eye hath seen, nor can see, neither have
entered into the heart of man, the things
which God hath prepared for them who love
Him ; but He hath revealed, and is revealing
them by his Spirit, to all who walk in it; for
the Spirit searcheth all things, yea, the deep
things of God.
But believe not every spirit, but try the
spirits, whether they be of God; for some false
spirits are already gone out, and have em-
I braced this present world. They went out
I from us, because they were not of us: for if
42
THE FRIEND.
they hail been of as, no doubt thoy would
have continued with ua ; their end will be
answerable to their works. But be ye watch-
ful and circumspect, whose eyes the Lord
hath opened, that you may discern the enemy
in all his cunning devices, both within and
without; and tried armor hath been given
you to resist him, if ye keep it about you;
without which you cannot bo safe from the
jaws of him, who goes about as a roaring lion,
seeking continually whom he may devour.
Therefore dwell within that munition of rocks,
with which you are surrounded, and go no
more forth ; but keep your habitations in the
light, where God dwells, that you may enjoy
his presence, which will daily be an open
fountain of life to your souls. There your
bread will be sure, and your water will never
fail ; and the Lord will spread your tables in
the midst of your enemies, and bear up your
heads through all difficulties.
(To be coiitiLiiiod.)
For "The Friend."
A Trip to Muiicy, by J. S. L.
(CoDtiQiied from page 31.)
This outpouring of ancient lava has taken
place through several great crevices in the
crust of the earth, and is more abundant in
this red sandstone than elsewhere in Penn-
sylvania. This red-sandstone deposit was laid
down after all the other formations found in
the State were made, even up to that which
contains the coal. It is not however to be
supposed that all the great deposits found in
Pennsylvania lie beneath the red-sandstone,
for this would require an outburst of the lava
through seven miles of rock, which are known
to have been laid down before the coal. The
coal having been formed at the level of the
sea, has been lifted to a vast height; but the
shrinking and crumpling of the crust have
flexed those beds of coal and the many sand
and clay and limestone beds beneath them,
while frost and rains have broken them down,
and the waves of the ancient sea have re-
peatedly rolled over them as they have sub-
sided many times, to be again raised and again
acted upon by agencies above the water. A
small part of the great masses of rocks and
coal beds that once towered to vast heights
remain, and the destruction has been greatest
where the elevation has been highest, and our
beds of anthracite ai"e now found onl}' where
the subsidence was very great, in troughs
caught in foldings of the underlying rocks,
and often occur nearly vertical and doubled
and re-doubled upon each other. These older
rocks were worn down after the deposits once
horizontal had been made to stand on edge at
various angles with the horizon, and the soft
clays and limestones and sands were then
washed into the ocean, or gathered into the
deeper depressions in the contorted strata.
After the era of extensive coal deposition,
and the subsequent plication and contorting
of the underlying rocks above i-cferred to, a
very deep depression appeared between the
two irregular bands of azoic or primary rocks
which occur in South-eastern Pennsylvania.
This depression formed the bed of a river or
series of lagoons, which rose in the mountains
in the north of Georgia, and flowing ri(jrth
eastward through the heart of Virginia and
Maryland, entered Pennsylvania and passed
through what are now designated the coun-
ties of Adams, York, Lancaster, Lebanon,
Berks, Montgomcr}' and Bucks, and crossing
New Jersey, reached the ancient ocean be-
tween two capos at Trenton and New York
respectively. The absence of marine animals
from the clays, &e., of this deposit, prove that
this was fresh water, or that the ocean had
but imperfect access to this region, and this
opinion is confirmed by the presence of vege-
table remains, and the coal beds of the upper
portions. On the south-east side of this long
series of lagoons, ran a lofty hill country, de-
scribed by the present State Geologist as the
Philadelphia-Baltimore-Ealeigh gold bearing
rocks, and on the other side rose the loftier
range of the South Mountain and Blue Ridge.
Lito this gulf or deep depression, which con-
tinued to sink at intervals, were drained vast
quantities of the red mud abounding in iron,
borne from the broken down rocks before re-
ferred to, and which now constitute the new
red sandstone of the country we are passing
over, and represented to many who have not
visited this region, by the brovvn building
stone of Newark, Trenton and Norristown.
These beds of sundstoue were destined to
further mutations, and were elevated to a
great height above the sea. How high they
rose we can never know, but some of these
rounded hill-tops now stand upwards of 600
feet above the present tide-level. The ori-
ginal height of the entire region is believed
to have been from 1500 to 2000 feet higher
than at present appears.
The waste of this red sandstone has assisted
in forming the cretaceous and tertiary bods,
of which lower Now Jersey is composed. A
microscopic examination of the colored sands
at Atlantic City and elsewhere upon the coast,
will demonstrate that the hard rocks of the
northern parts of Now Jersey and Pennsyl-
vania have contributed to the formation of
New Jersey soils and its underlying beds.
Thus the beautiful green omerald-liko sand
has evidently been derived from the commi-
nuted serpentine; the rose-red quartzose par-
ticles and the hornblende or tourmaline which
occurs in black crystals, and the ruby garnets,
all originated in the primary mountains which
once towered aloft, but have been ingloriously
sunken or worn down almost to the level of
the sea.
How shall we account for the appearance
of so many trap dykes in this red sandstone
region, while they are almost unknown else-
where in Pennsylvania. These dykes are
direct proof of fracture in the earth's crust,
and of more fractures in the part of the crust
immediately beneath this formation than out-
side of the region. This is clear. Therefore
they indicate a continued sinking into the old
depression, in which the strata of sands and
clays were gathered by the flowing of water.
This subsidence has increased thesirain upon
the rocks below, and after a complicated sys-
tem of cracks and upsetting of the strata had
continued for some time and the lower parts
had been molted off by immersion in the hot
fluid lakes beneath, a free passage was per-
haps suddenly found for the upward propul-
sion of the compressed and heated liquid
which has formed, when cooled, the dykes
wo have described.
The nevv views respecting the conservation
of force, have enlarged our knowledge of the
true character of heat, and led to a recon-
hideration of opinions long prevailing as to
the internal condition of the earth. It was
formerly taught that the nucleus of the earth
is in an incandescent state, the surface only
having cooled down from the original unive|j
sally iicated condition. That it was origiilj
ally a molten globe is not denied, but ai:
vancing knowledge respecting the cheraic!
changes that have been long going on upcj
and within the crust, throws new light upci
the question. The nucleus of the earth is no I
regarded as solid and anhydrous, or entirel'
free from water, and the theory of igneoij
agencies has been reconstructed upon th
basis. The deeply buried and water imprej
nated strata between the superficial crust i
the earth and the solid nucleus, constitute
region of '• plastic material adequate to explai
all the phenomena hitherto ascribed to a flui
nucleus." Under the influence of the elevate
temperature and the great pressure whic
prevail at considerable depths, sedimentar
rooks which have been long accumulating an
have reached enormous thickness, would a<
quire a certain degree of fluidity a'ld approac
a temperature nearly equal to that of rednes
which is sufficient to give to a granitic raai
a liquidity partaking at once of the characti
of an igneous and aqueous fusion. The
chanical pressure of these great accumul;
tions is to be regarded as co operating, and i
being indeed one of the efficient causes Of tl
liquefaction of deeply buried sedimentar
rocks. Beneath every great line of sediraen
ary lock, there will therefore occur a rese
voir of material in a state of more or les
complete fusion, in which volcanic phenomen
have their seat, aud the numerous trap dykf
occurring in the red-sandstone region we ai
traversing may be pointed to in proof of tl
justness of this- conclusion.
(To be coDtiuued.)
For " The Friend.'
Letters, &c., of Margaret Morris.
CContiuued from page 27.)
The following letter and memorandum gii
ing an account of the death, and some of th
last expressions of Hannah Moore, the siste
who had been as a mother to Margaret Morri
it is thought is of sufficient interest to includ
in this correspondence.
Milcah Martha Moore to Sarah Dillwyn.
First mo. 28th, 1799
My Beloved Sister, — Before this will reao
thee, you will in all probability have receive
the account of the late atfecting changes i
our family; and your affectionate hearts,
know, will share in the sympathy which th
removal of a beloved brother (Henrj^ Hill
and sister (Hannah Moore) have excited
the minds of the few of the surviving relativi
Time will not admit of my giving you a pa
ticular account of the awful and aflfectin
scenes we have lately jiassed through,
the good Providence of the Almighty we e
caped the dreadful fever, though some in tfc
country took the infection and died. It ws
very distressing to me that I could not I:
more with my dear sister Morris at the tin
our beloved sister Moore began to change fc
the worse ; the river and roads were al mot
impassable; as soon as ever it was thouj^
safe to cross, and I was well enough to leav
home, I wont to Burlington, but the do;
creature had breathed her last the night bi
fore I got there, andj after sleeping easy fc
several days, awaked, I hope to better pre'
spects; there remained on her countonanc!
an angelic smile and sweetness, that began tj
take place before the change. What a com;
fortinir thought it must be to us, that she osi
THE FRIEND.
43
■ossod, before her close, that she felt a gleam
, hope and seemed happy. * * *
Youi- unalterably affectionate
M. M. Moore.
The following memorandum, in the hand-
rititig of Margaret Morris, is labelled, "E.k-
•essious of my dear sister, Hannah Moore,
the latter part of her confinement, and a
;ori time before her departure."
1706. — Having perceived a little change in
y dear afflicted patient, and that her mind
emed to be growing more calm than it had
■en lor a long time past, I thought it would
! a siuisfaction to our dear absent sisters to
■ad in my own handwriting some coiufort-
jle expressions that dropped from her lips
such times. She called me to her bedside
le morning, verj' early, and addressing h'-r-
If to me said, "M^-dear sister, what shall I
^ndc]- to my gracious God for his goodness
I favoring me with such a fine quiet night,
slept tinel}', and am now perfectly easy aud
,66 from pain ; but, above all, for removing
om me those distressing thoughts, they are
II gone now."
17[I7. — At another time she said, "I heard
voice which said, thy name should no longer
Hannah, but thy name shall be called
[ejizibah, and thy land Beulah ; a new name [absorbing interest, surely those h
her the best wa}- I could, to keep fast hold of
that comfortable hope, &c.; yet she had one
sharp conflict after this, and was sorelj- buf-
feted. On the 20th of 1st mo. last, she was
seized with a general palsy, lost hsr sp'.^ech,
and laid still without moving a limb or open-
ing her eyes; her countenance was sweetly
serene, not the least expression of pain on
her visage, and on the 27th of 1st mo. 1799,
she quietly breathed her last, without a sigh,
groan or struggle. Such and so peaceful was
the closing scene of the kind guardian of my
j'outh, and the endeared companion of many
mournful years! Maro.\!iet Morris.
(To be continued.)
From the "National Bqtti^t."
" Cast Thy Bread Upan The Waters.''
BY FRANK B. ROSE, CHAPL.\IM U. S. N.
No one that has visited Oahu (Sandwich
Islands), but will remember the genial face
and cordial manner of Dr. Damon, now, and
for nearly forty years past, the beloved Chap-
lain of the Seamen's Bethel at Honolulu.
Father Damon, as he is affectionately called,
came here in 1839, under the auspices of the
Boston Seamen's Friend S )ciet}' ; ant if ever
years have been pregnant with incidents of
ave been
liall be given to thee, which shall bo ' not
prsaken — not cast off!' " Again ; at another
ime she thus broke out in a kind of ecstaey :
I never felt any thing in my life so precious
,9 resignation to ray Creator's will ;" often
epeating, "Perfect love and perfect resigna-
ion. Bread cast on the waters has been
bund after manj^ da3'8 ; the dear little babe
'hat I took cai-e of, was given me at eight
laonths old by my mother, and she has been
(•aised up to take care of me — she has been a
nother to me, and returned an hundred fold
.0 me since I came under her roof, all that I
lid for her, and I hope she will be made an
nstrument of good to others, particularly to
toy dear brother." And then named some
others for whose welfare she had often ex-
pressed a tender concern. Seeing my grand-
!jon in the room one day, she said : " Ho%v
glad shall I be if thy dear little Will should
be raised up to be 'a preacher of righteous-
ness.' " At another time she spoke as follows:
,"1 have been thinking of the poor gentiles,
what goodness was extended to them. And
the thief upoij the cross, ' Lord, remember me
iWhen thou comest into thj' kingdom ;' and
the gracious answer vouchsafed to him : ' This
day thou shalt be with me in paradise.' Oh
how sweet is the spirit of prayer. I once
bought a book of scripture promises, and the
first that I opened upon was this, ' Thy Maker
is thy husband the Holy One of Israel, the
God of the whole earth shall He be called.'"
She several times broke out in a kind of me-
lodious voice, saying: "Sweet is the lle-
deemer's love. Oh! how sweet, how precious,
sweet redeeming love." Yet she had some
sharp conflicts afterwards. Sitting one even-
ing in my usual seat, near the fiie, I heard
her voice very low, and listening found she
was in prayer, but could not distinctly gather
all she said. "My gracious Father, suffer me
not to be tempted beyond what I am able to
bear!" these few words were all that 1 was
able to gather. About two or three weeks
before the final close she called me to her and
said: "My dear sister, I begin now to have
some hopes that all will be well with me, and
that I shall find favor at last." I encouraged
which comprise his labors in the Pacific.
Midway in the path from China and Japan
to Europe and America, the Hawaiian group
has been visited by thousands of vessels, rep-
resenting almost every existing nationality;
and Father Damon has been brought into
contact with men and incidents that have
more than passing importance.
It has been my privilege, within the past
few months, to enjoy fellowship with this
able and loving minister, and to listen to £
recital of facts that put romance to the blush
A Japanese sailor, named John Mangero,
in company with two of his countrymen
named Denzu and Goeman, was wrecked off
the island of Niphon, about 1840. For six
months they managed to sustain life on a
barren island. They were rescued by Capt.
Whitfield, (commanding a New Bedford ship),
and carried to Honolulu. Here Mangero's
companions remained ; but John was
taken by Capt. Whitfield to the United States,
where he was taught the trade of a cooper ;
and, evidencing a laudable desire for an edu-
cation, was placed in a school at Fairhaven,
Mass., where he quickly attained proficiency
n our language ; and, among other studies,
gave special attention to navigation. The
expenses of his schooling, &c., were borne by
the captain who had originally rescued him,
and who folt a strange interest in his protege.
In 1849, Mangero, then about twenty-five,
sailed for California. His success at the mines
was not great; and, verj^ soon, he took pas-
sage for the Sandwich Islands, where, for the
second time, he met my friend. Father Damon.
His first act was to deposit with the Chap-
lain all his money — sixty dollars. After a
few days of wandering about the town, he
visited the Chaplain again; who, observin
a peculiar depression in his look and manner,
inquired its cause. Mangero then told him
that he was homo-sick ; that he had an inex
pressible desire to see his native land. In
vain did his good friend urge the dangers of
such a venture. To the remark, " Why, John,
your people will take your head off, if you go
back ;" he only replied, " I am anxious to go."
The Chaplain asked him if ho had matured
anj' plans; when the young Japanese said,
1 have. If I can get a good whale boat, a
sextant, Bowditch's Navigation, and a barrel
of bread ; and some captain will tiko me near
to any of the islands of mj country, and put
me over the ship's side, with my boat, I will
ke the chances."
Chaplain Damon started out with a sub-
scription paper, explaining to his friends the
desire of this poor foreign boy to go with his
two countrymen upon this strange expedi-
tion. In a little while ho had secured $150,
which, with the 860, was deemed sufficient.
This money the Chaplain invested in a good
whale-boat, a copy of Bowditch's Navigation,
a sextant, antl a barrel of hard bread ; and
thus far the scheme of the anxious Mangero
progressed.
Just this time, there stopped at Honolulu,
the American barque "Sarah Boj'd," Captain
Whitmnre, master, bound from Mazatlan to
Shanghai. His route would be naturally in
the direction Mangero desired to take. Chap-
lain Damon went aboard, told the captain
that he had three passengers for him, ex-
plained the particulars of the case, and urged
him to incommode himself with the party
and their luggage ; and the result was the
warm hearted sailor consented ; and ou the
17th of December, 1850, John Mangero and
his companions lefc Honolulu in the 'Sarah
Boyd."
1 have before me a copy of The Friend, of
January, 1851, (a paper published here by
the Chaplain), in which reference is made to
the departure of Mangero, and the belief ex-
pressed that there is a future for the young
shipwrecked Japanese.
Nine j-ears rolled by. These circumstances
were not forgotten, but in vain were inquiries
made of various ship masters and others that
visited Honolulu, concerning John Mangero.
Meantime Commodore Perry had with his
fleet visited Japan, and made the famous
treaty, by which the ports of that country
were opened to the nations; and as a result
Japan emerged from a condition of niediaival
stagnation, to that of magnificent enterprise
she now exhibits. Once again, upon the re-
turn of Perry's fleet, its officers were ques-
tioned as to any tidings from Mj,ngero, but
none had heard of him.
In May 18G0, the Japanese corvette "Can-
dinmarrah," which had been commissioned
to carry presents from the Government of
Japan to the Government of the United States,
on her way to San Francisco, touched at the
port of Honolulu. Imagine the surprise of
Father Damon, when, in an imperial office,
with the rank of Captain in the Japanese
Navy, and acting interpreter of the govern-
ment, wearing his two swords to designate
his official status, he recognized his young
friend of the whale-boat, John Mangero.
John (now Captain) Mangero related, that
the passage toward Japan was uneventful
until they reached the vicinity of the Great
Loochoo Islands. At this point, in fulfil-
ment of the agreement, the whale-boat was
launched, and he and his companions parted
company with the "Sarah Boyd" and her
kind master. Land was in sight, about five
miles distant, and after ten hours of hard
rowing, the shore was reached, and found to
be inhabited. They were unable to under-
stand the language spoken, the natives were
suspicious of them, and endeavored in various
ways to ascertain their nationality, until their
44
THE FRIEND.
Japanese origin was made out satisftictorily, of office (a blade over four hundred years old^
by the manner in which they used their chop
sticks in eating the rice furnished to them.
They were carried before the King of Loo-
choo, who detained them in his service for
six months, treating them kindly. At the
expiration of this time they were placed in a
junk and taken to the Island of Kinsin.
Here they were kept for forty-eight daj'S,
being carried before the Prince of the island,
who made intelligent inquiries of them about
America, Americans and the manner in which
they had been treated while sojourning in the
United States.
From this island they were conveyed to
Nangasaki, all this time and subsequently
being under surveillance, on account of having
been out of the country.
Thirty months were spent here; not in
prison, but deprived of the liberty of free
locomotion, but at length permission was ac
corded Mangero to visit his home for three
days and three nights. Upon his return, he
was removed to Yeddo, and there was in-
vested with the dignity of an official with
two swords. His whale-boat had been carried
to Yeddo, and his first commission was to
build for his government a number of these
boats. For this purpose he was furnished with
all the workmen required, and laboriously
taking the whale-boat apart, rivet by rivet,
and plank by plank, these skilful Oriental
imitators made duplicates of them, and suc-
cessfully simulated ihe American model. The
old whale-boat is now in the Japanese work-
shop in Yeddo.
This work completed, Mangero was next
ordered to make a translation in Japanese
of Bowditch's Navigation, Logarithms, &c.
Again he was furnished with as.sistants, copy-
ists, &c., and was some years employed in
this tedious but important work. Altogether
twenty copies were prepared ; the original of
which by Mangero is in the possession of the
Japanese Government.
Bucb, in substance, was the story volun-
teered by Captain Mangero, and received with
unspeakable interest by Father Damon. At
length the latter said: "Captain pray tell
me where you were, and what you were
doing when Commodore Perry was in Japan."
He replied, "1 was in a room adjoining that
in which the interview took place between
Perry and the Imperial Commissioners; I
was not allowed to see or to communicate
with any of the Amei-icans; but each docu-
ment sent by Commodore Perry was passed
to me to be translated into the Japanese bo-
fore it was sent to the imperial authorities;
and the replies thereto were likewise sub-
mitted to me to be translated into English be-
fore they were sent to Commodore Perry."
Thus we have the surprising information,
that this lad, shipwrecked and rescued by
Captain Whitfield, in his youth, succored
and befriended, and at length launched forth
upon the deep through the assistance of Fa-
ther Damon, was the needed and efficient
interpreter; not of a dream of Pharoah, but
of matters of far vaster import; matters that
have affected and must continue to affect
millions of our race ; justifying, as I think,
the caption, I have given this article, "Cast
thy bread upon the waters."
In gratitude to Father Damon, Captain
Mangero insisted upon presenting to him two
articles which he said ho most valued of all
of bis possessions, namely, one of his swords
and the only copy in Japanese of " Bowditch
Navigation" which be had retained for him-
self These articles I have personallj' in
spected, and I pronounce the copy of " Bow
ditch" to be one of the most beautiful speci
mens of hand printing I have ever seen. It
was on exhibition at our Centennial, and was
admired by thousands, few of whom gi
its notable history.
With a word further, I leave the subject of
this sketch. In the year 1870 one of three
Commissioners appointed by Japan to observe
the conduct of the war between Germany
and France, was Captain John Mangero, r. n,
On his homeward journey he stopped at Fair-
haven to visit and thank his earlj' friend.
Captain Whitfield, for his kindness to him.
The last news of him was brought in 1876 by
the corvette " Tskuban-Kaw," Captain T. Y.
Ito, who reports him as still living in Japan.
Who can prove that truth is not stranger
than fiction ?
For "The Friend"
Some (lueries concerning Christ, &c.
(Contirmod from page 34.)
Query 19. What is that, wherein they that
are in the Spirit, behold as in a glass, with
open face, the glory of the Lord? Is it not
Christ? And how'is Christ so? Is it not as
he is made manifest in Spirit ? Doth he know
Christ aright, or believe in him aright, that
knoweth him according to his bodily appear-
ance (that can relate, and firmly believe, what
he did therein), or he that knoweth and be-
lieveth in his Spirit and power? Henceforth
know we no man after the flesh ; no, not
Christ, saith the apostle, though we have
known him so. What meaneth that? The
same thing may be known several ways: out-
wardly, inwardly; according to the flesh, ac-
cording to the Spirit. Now, if ye, are of the
Spirit, live in the Spirit; if ye live in the
Spirit, know in the Spirit the things of God
after the Spirit, as the Spirit reveals, as that
which is born of God receives ; and not as the
wisdom, understanding, reason, and flesh of
man can receive; and then ye will come into
fellowship with Christ, both in his death and
resurrection, and know indeed the resurrec-
tion both of the life and of the body : which
to know, and be able to acknowledge in Jesus,
is very precious.
Query 20. Hath not Christ"made us kings
and priests to God, even his Father? What
is it that is the king and priest in us ? And
if we be priests, must we not have somewhat
to ofl'.T ? What have we to offer? And what
makes our sacrifices savory and acceptable?
Is it not that of his Spirit, that of his life.
gression of the first made all unrighteous
Rom.v. 19. Sacrificeandotferingthoii woulds
not. Lo, I come to do thy will, O God! (H
taketh away the first, th:it he may establisi
the second.) By the which will we are sane
tified, through the offering of the body o
Jesus Christ, once for all. Heb. x. 9, 10. Wha
can be plainer to that which hath truth's ear
So by truth manifested in the heart, there i
nothing denied of what is said concernin;
Christ in scripture, but every thing owned
believed, and received in its proper place.
Query 21. Who is the Captain of oursalva
tion ? Who is it that girdeth himself witl
might, riding on conquering and to conque
all the enemies of the soul? Is it not th
Lamb? Is it not Christ ? Is it not he whos
name is called the Word of God ? And ye
how can it be he? Is not he to sit at God'
right hand, until his enemies be made hi
footstool ?
Query 22. What is the water and Spirit
which is in them? Is it not the faith, the
love, the obedience, which are all of him,
wherein they are ottered? If we should give
our bodies to be burned (in the wayjof testify-
ing to truth), without this would they be ac-
cepted ? If wo give but a cup of cold water
in this, is it not accepted?
Now, is the life, the faith, the obedience of
the Son, the thing which is of value in us?
And was it not the same which was of value
in him? What did the Father require of
the Son, for satisfaction for Adam's disobedi-
ence ? Was it not the obedience of the .second
Adam, which weighed down the transgres-
sion and disobedience of the first? Doth
not this make all righteous (who are of
I him, and found in his nature), as the trans-
whereof a man must be born again, or he can
not see the kingdom of God ? Is it Christ'i
flesh and blood, or no ? His flesh saw no cor
ruption; and incorruptible flesh and bloot
may enter the kingdom, though corruptibh
cannot.
Query 23. What did all the types, veilsj
and shadows under the law signify? Dici
they signify another veil ? Did they' signifj
or shadow out that which was outward ? Oi
did they shadow out and signify that inwarC;
ife, virtue, and saving power, which was thh
substance of all?
Query 2'i. Is not the substance, the life, thtj
anointing, called Christ, wherever it is found 'i
Doth not the name belong to the whole bodyi
(and every member in the body) as well as tci
the head? Are they not all of one; yea, all
one in the anointing ? Was not this the grealj
desire of his heart lo the Father, that they ali]
might be one, even as the Father and Chriafi
were one. John xvii. 21, 23. And so being{
one in the same Spirit (one in the same life,
one in the same divine nature, 2 Peter i. 4
even partakers of God's holiness. Heb. xii
10,) Christ is not ashamed to call them breth
ren, Heb. ii. 11, nor is the apostle ashamed
to give them the name Christ together withi
him. 1 Cor. xii. 12. The body is the sami
with the head ; one and the same in nature
and doth not the name belong to the natures
in the whole? So that the nam« is not given'
to the vessel, but to the nature, lo the heaven
ly treasure, to that which is of him in the
vessel, to that which the Lord from heaven
begets in his own image and likeness, of
own substance, of his owe seed, of his own
Spirit and pure life.
Query 25. What was that live coal fro
the altar, whereby the prophet Isaiah's ii
■quity was taken away, and his sin purged ?
Isa. vi. 6, 7. Can any thing purge away sin,
but the blood of Christ?
Query 26. What are the leaves of the tree
of life, which are for the healing of the na-
tions ? Is not Christ the tree of life? Is there
any other tree of life besides him ? Is there
any other healer? And what do these leaves
of the tree of life heal the nations of? Do
they not heal them of their sins, and of the
sicknesses and distempers of their souls be-
cause of their sins ? And have these leaves
any of the blood of Christ in them, or no?
Query 27. Is not Christ the true vine, the
true olive-tree; the living vino, the living
olive-tree; the spiritual vino, the spiritual
THE FRIEND.
45
ve-tree ; into which all the spiritually-living
3 iugt-atled ? As the Falhei- is the husband
in; so is not the Son the vine? And hath
t this spiritual, this eternal vine in it juice
d sap of an eternal nature? And is not
is sap its blood ?
Query 28. Is there not a choice vine, to
lich the foal and ass's colt of the seed of
dah is tied ? And are not the garments and
)tbes of the true Jews washed in the wine,
d in the blood of the grapes of this vine?
in. xlix. 11.
(Concludt-d next week.)
BE TRUE !
Thou must be true thyself,
If thou the truth would teach,
Thy soul must overflow, if thou
Another's soul would'st reach:
It needs the overflow of heart
To give the lips full speech.
Tobacco. — The great increase of smoking
Iftong bo3-8, especially of " cigarettes," prom-
to be attended with most serious conse-
ences as a source of physical disease, and
increase of morbid appetite for strong
ink, if effectual measures to arrest the great
il be not adopted. The British Medical
Mrnai mentions a certain doctor who, struck
th the large number of boys under fifteen
rs of ai'o whom he observed smoking, was
to enquire into the eff 'Ct the habit had
n the general health. He took for his pur-
|)8e thirty eight boys, aged from nine to tif-
fen, and carefully examined them ; in twenty-
[ven of them he discovered injurious traces
I" the habit. In twenty-two there were vari
iis disorders of the circulation and digestion,
lid palpitation of the heart, and more or less
nrked taste for strong drink. In twelve there
[as frequent bleeding of the nose, ten had di
irbed sleep, and twelve had slight ulceration
J' the mucous membrane of the mouth, which
jsappeared on ceasing from the use of to-
^cco for some days. The doctor treated
*em all for weakness, but with little effect,
atil the smoking was discontinued, when
balth and strength were soon restored. Smok
ig hat not only become a well-nigh universal
Qisance, but also a great peril to the public
salth. It paves the way for many a drunk
'd downwards to irretrievable ruin. — Late
iiper.
\ Prayer. — Prayer arises from the feeling of
';ant; we must be sensible of want. Until
:iis sense is felt the first step toward pray
:ue prayer, is wanting. It is a happy thing
1) know this feeling. If we want, if we see
ir want, we must understand that there
ne to whom we must look — to whom we
iiust go as the onl}' one that can help us.
his is God. Hesaith, "Look unto me all ye
pds of the earth, and be ye saved." He sees
fld knows us in this condition. No framing
f a set arrangment in sentences need be at-
impted. If we aim in our own skill to do
lis, the wings of prayer will be dipt. W
lall fall to the earth. Lord help me. Lord
'elp me, is all we need cry. Everj' time when
I'e feel our need, let us say, " Lord help! "
Relieve I have seen it reported that this was
ie celebrated Rowland Hill's constant aspira
ion as he walked, or in connexion with re
igious engagements. He called it " his arrow
rayer." J. B,
Selected.
KETUKNING.
Lord, where thy many mansions be
Hast thou a little room for me,
Whose restless feet these many days
By and forbidden paths have trod.
And wandering in uncertain ways
Have missed the way that leads to God?
Lord, is there any room for me
Who, sorrowing, would return to thee?
Far have I strayed, still tossed about
On fears, that would not be cast out
For all the subtle theories
That men have framed, wherein to find
For troubled hearts a doubtful ease,
And freedom for a wilful mind ;
Thy word, once hidden in my breast.
Forever robbed the night of rest.
I heard its still, small voice above
All other voices — not in love.
As in the old sweet days of peace,
But in a tone of sad complaint:
" Why art thou swift to seek release
From easy yoke and safe restraint ?
Why hast thou taken for thy guide
False lights that lure thee from my side ?"
Lord, if I heard, and in despite
Of warning chose the fair, false light.
If, heedless, I thy Spirit grieved.
And slighted as an idle tale
Love such as no man hath conceived.
What late repentance can avail ?
How shall I dare to lift my face
Once more within thy holy place ?
I know not, verily ; and yet
With doubts perplexed and fears beset,
And the sad heart unsatisfied.
Lord, I remember what sweet rest
I did discover at thy side :
With yearning.'* not to be e.xpressed
I long' to walk once more with thee ;
Lord, hast thou any room for me ?
3Iary E. Bradley.
Selected.
TO THE FRINGED GENTIAN.
Thou blos.^om bright with autumn dew,
And colored with the Heaven's own blue,
That openest when the quiet light.
Succeeds the keen and frosty night.
Thou comest not when violets lean
O'er wandering brooks and springs unseen.
Or columbines, in purple dressed,
Nod o'er the ground-bird's hidden ne.st.
Thou waitest late, and com'st alone.
When woods are bare, and birds are flown.
And frosts and shortening days portend
The aged year is near its end.
Then doth thy sweet and quiet eye.
Look through its fringes to the sky ;
Blue, blue as if that sky let fall
A flower from its cerulean wall.
I would that thus, when I shall see
The hour of death draw near to me,
Hope, blossoming within my heart,
May look to Heaven as I depart.
Speculative Science.
The recent visit of the president of the
Royal Society (Sir Joseph Hooker) to the
United States of America lent a special in-
terest to the address which he delivered at
the society's anniversary meeting held on St.
Andrew's Day, in accordance with the terms
of the charter granted by Charles II. Re-
ferring to the results of the recent Polar ex-
pedition, he expressed his surprise at the fact
that no fewer than seventy kinds of flower-
ing plants had been gathered, during the
brief Arctic summer, between the 80lh and
83d degree of north latitude. With the ex-
ception of two species, these had all migrated
existence in such an inclement region was
attributed to the indraft of currents of warm
air, or to the influx of streams of warm oceanic
water. Our present object, however, is not
to attempt an abstract of the presidential ad-
dress, but rather to deduce from it certain
essons of caution, which the physical phi-
losophers of our day are too apt to overlook.
From the confident tone assumed by certain
professors, one would have supposed that
science had already adjusted the new creed
which should supersede the Bible, and solved
to its own satisfaction the riddle of the world.
But when we turn to the calm and careful
statements of Sir Joseph Hooker what do we
find ? The existence of great doubts and diffi-
culties freely admitted, hasty generalizations con-
demned, and the necessity of further research
rigidly inculcated? Take, for example, the
ease of geology in connection with which the
most marvelous " finds," if we may use so
familiar a term, have been recently announced.
These are thus described : —
'Over an area of many hundred thousand
square miles in North America there have
been found, within the last very few j-ears,
beds of great extent and thickness, of all ages
from the Trias onward, containing the well-
preserved remains of so great a multitude of
flying, creeping and walking things, referable
to so many orders of plants and animals, and
often of such gigantic proportions, that the
paliEontologists of the States, with museums
vastly larger than our own, are at a loss for
space to exhibit them. So common, indeed,
are some of these remains, and so beautifully
preserved, that numbers of them, especially
insects, plants and fishes, are exposed for sale,
with confectionery and fruit, at the stalls of
railway stations, from the eastern base of the
Rocky Mountains all the way to California,
and are eagerly purchased by travellers."
But what was the result of these amazing
discoveries? Did they clear up the long and
hotly disputed problem of the true age and
relative position of the American chalk-beds?
Far from it ! Professor Marsh, one of the
highest authorities in America, ''has not fonnd
that fossil animals afford a satisfactory solu-
tion of the difficulty," while as to "fossil
plants," he and the president agree that "they
aff'ord none but unsatisfactory measures of
geological time." And so it is candidly ad-
mitted that " it is most probable that the testi-
mony of palceontologists will always be as con-
flicting as it is at present." Again, this newly-
di.scovered geological wealth of the United
States has already led some to suppose that
the main migration of animals was from the
American to the Asiatic continent (the exact
reverse of what the Bible teaches), but before
accepting the notion, Sir Joseph warns these
enthusiasts to reflect that there are indica-
tions in the narratives of travellers, and the
reports of natives, of the " existence in Cen-
tral Asia of accumulations of vertebrate fossils,
in comparison with which those of the Rocky
Mountains may sink into insignificance," and
which " may entirely revolutionize our pre-
sent ideas." Professor Huxley, indeed, would
compose the feud by suggesting the former
existenceofasubmergedcontinent from which
both Asia and America derived their animals
and plants, but this, as the president remarked
with a suppressed smile, is tantamount to an
opinion that the subject is not yet sufficiently ad-
vanced to do more than speculate upon." °"
So
from " Greenland's icy mountains" and their! we should think, — The Rack.
46
THE FRIEND.
fore the services of the army of the Uniti
States shall be called into requisition. Espec
ally do we desire the continuance of the I
dian Bureau, for the reason that we ha'
found its officers accessible and willing
listen to our complaints and aid us in redrcs
ing our wrongs.
Our people more especially need friend
encouragement in agricultural pursuits,
habits of temperance, economy and industr
For these purposes we believe that the ju(
cious selection of superintendents and agen
from civilians would be better and more sati
factory to our people than from avmy officei
We do not believe that the presence
soldiers at the Indian agencies would impro'
the Indians in habits of morality, temperani
and industry, or advance their civilizatio
but the contrary.
The Indians desire the continuance of tl
labors, aid and encouragement of good ar
benevolent white people in the education
their children, and in the formation of tl
best habits of civilized life which have i
greatly aided the Indians of New York in tl
past, and we believe that such assistance cs
be better secured through the judicious actic
of the Indian Bureau than the War Depar
ment. We speak not for ourselves alone, bi
for our less favored brothers in the westei
States and Territories.
We very much fear that the proposi
change would prove disastrous to the r(
man — that as a step in the dark it would ;
best be a hazardous and dangerous expei
ment. We are unable to see that any got
to our race would be likely to re-iult from i
We regard it with intense aversion as fraugl
with evil, injustice and cruelty.
We therefore most respectfully and earnes
ly pray that the Hon. members of Congres
representatives of the great and powerful n
tion now occupying nearly all the lands b
tween the two oceans, but recently own(
and in possession of the red men, will car
fully consider the subject in all of iis bearin,i
before taking final action upon it, to the eel
that no injustice be done. j
In this frank expression of our opinioi|
and desires, we have not been advised or in
fiuenced by any officer or person in the India!
service. i
Witness our hands at the Council House oi
the Cattaraugus Reservation, the 29th dai
of August, 1878. I
[Hifre follows the signatures of the Chiefs.''
[We have received a pamphlet of 46 pagci
entitled " An Essay on the anti-scriptural do;
trine of the Kesurreclion of the Body," fci
James Bowden, London 1878. We understarj
that the proximate cause influencing the a^
thor to write and publish this dissertation i;
the present time, was that the doctrine of tt
resurrection of the body has been preacho
by one or more of the ministers from thi
countrj', now in Great Britain, and he fei
bound to put before the public a correct viel
of the doctrine as held by Friends. I
The idea of the resurrection of the body i
traced to Zoroaster, and the dift'ering opinion
on it held by various sects among the Jevi
arc given, as also the differing views of tl
earlj' Christians on the subject. There is
critical examination of the texts in the oii
and new Testaments usually brought forwaij
to support the doctrine, to show that whc|
literally translated, and cleared of the wonj
From the "Chautauiiua rarmer," New York.
The Six Kation.s in Couiifil— Protest against Transfer-
ring Indian Bureau to War Di'partmeut.
On the 28th and 29th ult., we attended the
Council of tlie Indians of the Sis Nations held
at the Council House on the Cattaraugus
Eeservation, where we came into contact with
the dignitaries of the Red Men. We were de-
lighted with what we saw and heard, and we
frankly confess that we gave a good largo
place in our hearts to the manly sons of the
primitive forest, whom we met at the Council.
As will be seen from the accompanying
document, there were present chiefs of the
Onondagas, Tuscaroras, Senecas of Tonawan-
da band, Cayngas, the president and counsel-
lors of the Seneca nation, and a delegate of
the Corn-Planter Senecas. The Oneidas were
not represented, which we regret.
The Council had been convened upon a re-
quest to the Six Nations from D. Sherman,
Indian Agent, in obedience to an order from
the U. S. Commissioner of Indian affairs, the
object of which Council was to afford the In-
dians an opportunity of discussing the pro-
posed action of Congress in the transfer of the
management of the Indians to the War De-
partment of Government. This act on the
part of Government was due the Indians, who
expressed themselves very grateful for the
opportunity offered to signify their views on
the matter. As to them there was only one
side to the question. The conclusions agreed
upon were embodied in their address to the
Commissioner, which we print below.
The agent, D. Sherman, was so careful to
avoid influencing the opinions of the Council
that he was unwilling to give anj^ reasons for
or against the proposed transfer. They de-
sired information from him on the subject,
and inasmuch as they could not obtain it, they
were forced to discuss the question with what
light they had.
The venerable counsellor, Isaac Halftown,
of the Alleghany Eeservation, was chosen
chairman of the council. John Kennedy acted
as interpreter, and displayed a good deal of
good sense in the execution of his task. Henry
Silverheels, native missionary, also acted as
interpreter, and opened council with prayei-.
In council all were grave. They seemed to
feel that a solemn crisis was upon them. Thej'
seemed to think the proposed change por-
tended evil to them. The black aspect of the
War Department cast a deep and melancholy
shadow upon their souls. And they spoke
like men arguing vital issues. Their speeches
were noble specimens of oratory. The speak-
ers were calm, argumentative, pathetic and
irresistible. Only one sentiment was in them,
and that was disapprobation of the measure.
The strong orators were Shanks, Doctor Poo-
dry, of the Tonawandas, and Laforte, of the
Onondagas. A number of youn^ men spoke
well. In fact, we were astonished at the case
and facility with which they all could com-
mand language, and the dignity with which
they could argue in public.
Edward M. Poodry,of theTonawandaband,
spoke with genuine eloquence and power,
paying a deserved compliment to the friends
of the so-called Peace Policy toward the In-
dian race, commending the Quakers, teachers
and missionaries who had labored with good
results to educate and civilize his people. He
said he believed the presence of soldiers at
the western agencies would be a perpetual
menace to the red men, who were yet ignor-
ant, wild and uncivilized, and needed teachers
ather than soldiers, and farming implements
ather than grape and canister. He thought
that the ]5resenee of soldiers at those agen-
cies would tend to demoralize the Indian wo-
men, and stir up bitter feelings in the Indian
breast, culminating in bloodshed and war,
which would wipe them from the face of the
earth. That the United States could not
afford to be so unjust to the Indian race and
thus incur the just displeasure of Almighty
God, who had made of one blood all the na-
tions of the earth.
The discussion closed, the sentiments ex-
pressed in the different speeches were cm-
bodied in the below protest, signed bj' all the
chiefs and counsellors.
PROTEST.
We, the President and Counsellors of the
Seneca Nation of Indians, numbering 2,3.38
Senecas; chiefs of the Tonawanda band of
Senecas, numbering 579 Senecas; chiefs of the
491 Onondagas ; chiefs of the 411 Tuscaroras,
and chiefs of the 182 Cayugas in the New
York Indian Agency, convened in general
council, at the Council House on the Catta-
raugus Reservation, on the 28th and 29th days
of August, 1878, by request of the Commis-
oner of Indian affiiirs in his letter to our
agent, dated July ISih, 1878, for the purpose
of frankly and freely expressing our opinions
and desires upon the question of the proposed
transfer of the Indian Bureau to the War De-
partment, beg leave very respectfully^ to thank
the officers of the Interior Department in con-
sulting the wishes of the Indians upon such
questions, which we deem of vital importance
to them, as connected with their protection,
encouragement and advancement in civiliza-
tion.
We have discussed the subject at length in
open council, and carefully deliberated there-
on, and have unanimously arrived at a con-
clusion in relation thereto, which we believe
coincides with the views of all the Indians in
such agency.
We unanimously, and most respectfully and
earne8tl3' remonstrate against such propose!
transfer, and our reasons therefor as expressed
in such discussion by different members of the
council, are as follows :
We have no fault to find with the Indian
Bureau in the management of our affairs in
the past. Our treaties with the United States
have been faithfully kept ; our annuities have
been honestly paid ; our people have been en-
couraged and aided by our agents in the edu-
cation of our children, as well as in farming,
and general advancement in civilization.
We think that the charge of the Indians of
the United States should continue to be vested
in a separate Bureau ; that their rights would
be better protected and their improvement
better promoted therebj', than by the pro-
posed transfer to the War Department. We
most greatly need encouragement in farming,
and instruction in the arts of peace — not those
of war. We want a separate Indian Depart-
ment, having exclusive jurisdiction over In-
dian affairs, willing in the future as in the
past, to listen to our grievances and represent
our desires to other departments of the govern-
ment.
Wo wish the Indian Bureau to stand be-
tween us and the War Department, so that if
unjust complaints are made against Indians
for any cause, such complaints may be care
fullj' investigated and )n'aceably adjusted, be-
THE FRIEND.
47
jdded by the translators, for which
i- no counterpart in the original, the}'
;nally I'uil to sustain the theory I'aised upon
The views of the early Friends on the doc-
ne are shown by extracts from the writings
G. Fox, W. Penn, R. Barclay and \Vm.
wel, and to these is added a testimony of
enry Tuke contained in his " Principles of
iends." From pages 33-37 we take the
(lowing extracts. — Eds.]
" Thus, for a period of two centuries, the
iciety of Friends had borne a united and
cided testimony against the commonly re-
ived notion of the resurrection of the body ;
)r, indeed, does it appear that any other
ew respecting it was advocated by any of its
embers, at least in print, until the publica-
3n, in 1825, of the "Essays on Christianity,"
;• our late friend Joseph John Gurney.* The
ork has been extensively read by Friends
this country, and in 1829 was published in
ur of the largest cities in North Ameriua.|
8 issue there, just at the time when the
icksite heresy had culminated in a division
nong Friends in that land, doubtless caused
to be read wiih more than ordinary interest
y them, inasmuch as the work treated large-
■ on those points of Christian doctrine on
hich Elias Hicks, and those who separated
ith him, were defective. Whilst, however,
18 "Essays" contained much thatcommended
to the attention of the Christian reader,
16 views expressed in it on the resurrection
f the dead, evidently favored the Episcopalian
leas on the subject. Since the circulation of
16 work those views have been accepted by
l^rge number of Friends in America; and
36 rising of the dead body of man at the day
f final judgment, is now preached among them
Y [many of] itsapproved ministers, as found-
d on Scripture authority. The principal pas-
iges quoted by them and by J. J. Gurney in
upport of the doctrine, we will now proceed
0 examine, of which there are five from the
lebrew or Old Testament scriptures, and six
rom the New Testament.
The First is that very remarkable passage
Q the 19th chapter of Job, which, in the au-
horized version, runs thus : " I know that my
Redeemer liveth, and that He shall stand at
he latter day upon the earth," v. 25; "And
hough after my skin worms destroy this body,
ct in my flesh shall I see God," v. 26. This
} the translation given by the forty-seven
arned men appointed by James I. for the
?ork, but it is very remarkable that these
ame learned men should give, in their mar-
1 notes, a translation of the 26th verse,^f
n exactly adverse meaning, and which runs
bus : " After I shall awake, though this body
le destroyed, yet out of my flesh shall I see
Jod." Purver's translation omits the words
worms" and "body," as italicised in the au-
horized version, as not being in the original.
le has it, " And when after my skin they
lave destroj-ed this, out of my flesh shall I
)ehold God." It may be very reasonably
isked why, if the marginal translation be the
orrect one, the body of the text should be its
)ppo8ite. The explanation of this may, per-
laps, be found in the fact that the Prayer-
wok of the Church of England had been.
This work was not submitted to the usual censor-
ihip of the Society, and is distinct from his " Observa-
jons" on its principles, which received its sanction.
t These cities were Boston, New York, Philadelphia
»nd Baltimore.
after no small controversy among the learned
divines, agreed upon, and containing, as it
did, and that, too, in a very prominent man-
ner, the doctrine of the resurrection of the
body, and which doctrine, from its being read
from the Apostles' Creed on every Sabbath,
and also at all burials, was thus brought con-
stantly into notice, it was important it should
have the support of scripture authority; and,
as there were but very few passages in the
Old Testament which could, by any possi-
bility, be mis-translated for the purpose, this
one in Job was taken for that unworthy de-
sign. If every printed Bible contained the
marginal notes and references, the mischief of
this mis-translation would be greatly neutral-
ized ; but this not being so, the Prayer-book
doctrine of the resurrection was more safe.
Purver's note on the verse is, "The Hebrew
is 'out of,' and not 'in,' and where was this
but in heaven, when his soul was gone out of
his body." The learned Hebrew^Rabbi, D
Adier, with whom we have had the privilege
of conferring upon the translation of this and
some other passages of the Old Testament,
gives the rendering, '• And after my skin is
destroyed, then out of my flesh shall I see God."
With the evidence of this mis-translation be-
fore us— a mis translation which at once dis-
poses of the passage as affording any support
whatever to the doctrine of the rising of the
dead body of man — it would seem needless to
add more on the subject; as, however, we are
dealing with a doctrine so generally believed
in by Christians, and believed in very mainly
n consequence of the glosses and dediietions
of writers, by which the true meaning of
sacred passages have been obscured, we shall
give a very interesting and important extract
from a work entitled "Short Studies on Great
Subjects," by our English historian J. A.
Froude. One of his " Great Subjects" is the
Book of Job. " It is," he says, " the most diffi-
cult of all the Hebrew compositions — many
words occurring in it, and aiany thoughts,
not to be found elsewhere in the Bible. How
difficult our translators found it may be seen
by the number of words which they were
obliged to insert in italics, and the doubtful
rendering of which they have suggested in
the margin. One instance of this, in passing,
we will notice in this place; it will be familiar
to every one, as the passage quoted at the
opening of the English burial service, and
adduced as one of the doctrinal proofs of the
resurrection of the body : ' I know that my
Redeemer liveth, and that He shall stand at
the latter day upon the earth; and though
after my skin loornis destroy this body, yet in
my flesh shall I see God.' So this passage
stands in the ordinary version. But the words
in italics have nothing answering to them in
th« original. They were all added by the
translators to fill out their interpretation, and
for in my flfsh they tell us themselves in the
margin that we may read (and, in fact, we
ought to read, and must read) 'out of,' or
' without' my flesh. It is but to write out the
verses, omitting the conjectural additions, and
making that one small but vital correction,
to see how frail a support is there for so large
a conclusion: 'I know that my Redeemer
liveth, and shall stand at the latter upon
the earth ; and after my skin de-
stro}' this ; yet without my flesh shall
1 see God.' If there is any doctrine of a res-
urrection here, it is a resurrection precisely
not of the body, but of the spirit."
The misapplication of this passage in Job,
n support of the doctrine in question has been
commented upon by learned men for centuries
past. Of these may be mentioned Dr. Henry
More, a lecturer on Philosophy at Cambridge
University, about two hundred j^ears ago,
who was greatly distinguished by his pro-
found erudition and philosophy. He wrote
several theological and metaphysical works,
one of which was on the " Immortality of the
Soul," and another, the "Conjectura Cabalis-
tica," at, it is said, the request of "Lady Con-
way, a Quaker lady, with whom he had formed
an intimate friendship." In his " Mystery of
Godliness," he says, in confuting a contro-
versialist, " I dare challenge him to produce
any place of Scripture, out of which he can
make it appear that the mystery of the res-
urrection implies resuscitation (or raising up)
of the same numerical body. The most preg-
nant of all is Job xix, which late interpreters
are now so wise as not to understand at all
of the resurrection."
It is much to be regretted that J. J. Gurney
in his chapter "On the Resurrection of the
Dead," as contained in his "Essays on Chris-
tianit}'," in quoting the passage in question
in support of his arguments, a passage which
of all others in the Old Testament has been
most relied upon for that purpose, should
have made no reference to the mis translation
itself, but also takes no notice whatever of its
marginal correction, and in fact italicises the
words " in my flesh," in order to give the pas-
sage with more emphasis. This is more to
bo deplored inasmuch as in his "Essays" bo
so frequently introduces the original Hebrew
or Greek text, which he points out are open
to a more correct rendering than that given
in the authorized version ; and, indeed, two
instances of this occur in his essay on this
very subject. If a mere oversight, it were
most reprehensible in an author of his stand-
in" writing upon divine things, and we turn
from the thought that the error could have
been of a more serious character."
THE FRIEND.
NINTH MONTH 21,
We have abstracted from a New York paper
an account of a council held by the Sis I ndian
Nations of that State, on the subject of th e
proposed transfer of the government of all the
aboriginal tribes in the United States from the
Interior department to that of War. At the
last session of Congress a law was enacted
appointing a commission of members of that
body to enquire into and take testimony on
the question of the expediency of this im-
portant change in the administration of In-
dian aff'airs. We are gratified to find that
the commission are consulting the Indians
themselves on the subject. Their sentiments
seem to be unanimous against it. " We most
greatly need encouragement in farming, and
instruction in the arts of peace — -not in those
of war," say they ; and the experience of those
who have had charge of their agencies for
many years abundantly confirms the truth of
this. A pamphlet published by the Associated
Executive Committee of Friends on Indian
afiairs, last spring, on the "Need of law on
the Indian Reservations," enters into an in-
vestigation of the preferability of civil over-
sight'to military, and shows the pernicious
48
THE FRIEND.
influence of the presence of camps of soldiers
in accessible coutigaiLy to tlie Indians in
strong colors: "1 should 8tr<)n!j;ly oppo-ic,"
says Agent Clum, of the San Carlos Eeserva
tion, Arizona, in his report for 1874, "a nearer
residence than tive miles from an Indian camp
as the association of the soldiers with the In
dians is very demoralizing."
The Commissioner of Indian Affairs, in hif
report of 1868, emphatically says : " If 3'ou
wish to see some of the results of establishing
military posts in the Indian country, I call
your attention to the 600 or 800 half breeds,
till recently loafing around Port Laramie, to
the posts along the Missouri, to Fort Sumner
in New Mexico, before the Navajoe exodus,
and to all our military posts in the Indian coun-
try, with no known exception. If you wish to
exterminate the race, pursue them with the
ball and blade ; or, to make it cheap, call them
to a peaceful feast, and feed them on beef
salted with wolf's bane; but for humanity's
sake save them from the lingering poisons, so
sure to be contracted about military posts."
We sincerely hope the present Congres-
sional Commission of Inquiry may heed the
evidence which has been so cumulative of the
inexpediency of resorting to military gDvern-
ment instead of civil, for these '' wards of the
nation ;" and in harmony therewith remem
ber the abhorrence with which our revolu-
tionary ancestors regarded the '-quartering
large bodies of armed troops among us," keep-
ing "among us in times of p^'aco standing
armies without thi consent of our legislature,
and rencfering the military independent of,
and superior to the civil power." That these
grievances were made special subjects of in-
dictment against the king of England in the
])reamble to the American declaration of in-
dependence; which document asserts among
the self-evident truths of humanity, that "all
men are created equal," and that "govern-
ments derive their just powers from the con-
sent of the governed." Let us accord to our
red brethren the benefit of these axioms in
our political faith, and at least in this par-
ticular, fulfil tbe Christian and golden rule of
doing as we would be done by.
SUxMM.VRY OF EVENTS.
United States. — The severe storm of last week ap-
pears to liiivo been lieaviest in Western Pennsylvania,
West Virginia, Oliio, and portions of Canada. The
rainfall at Steubenville, Ohio, was eight inches in 24
hours, and at Youngstown, in the same State, seven
inches. The loss at Youngstown, and the county, is
estimated at $100,000. Travel on the dilTerent lines of
railroads has been much interrupted by the de-itruction
of bridges, culverts, &c. On some lines, serious acci-
dents have occurred by trains running into wasli-outs :
eight lives are reported lost hv these accidents.
The reporls fr,.,„ ..-vPnil 'of thr- towns stricken bv
disappeared williuiit frost. Up to the Mth inst., the
.loaths in New Orleans number 102.3. In Memphis,
loOO. To give an idea of the terrible situation at Mem-
jiliia, it U stated tliat a similar death rate in this city
would represent 14,000 deaths weekly. Liberal con-
tributions tliro\ighont the country continue to be for-
warded to the districts thus desolated by sickness and
death.
The steamship Colorado, now loading at New York,
has on board three powerful locomotives for Sydney,
New South Wales, where they will be used on the rail-
roads owned by the Australian Government. These
are of the largest and most powerful freight locomo-
tives constructed. They weigh in working-order, ex-
clusive of tender, 102,000 pounds each.
There landed at Castle Garden, N. Y., during the 8th
month, 7414 immigrants — 6073 of whom were aliens
and 1341 citizens retururng from foreign lands.
A nitro-glycerine magazine, two miles south of Brad
ford, Pa., containing 90 pounds of nitro-glycerine, and
100 pounds of dynamite, exploded on the loth ini
four men are reported killed.
A telegram from Portland, Oregan, reports extensive
forest fires in the country north of the Columbia ri
causing the loss of one life, and property estimated at
$500,000.
The public schools of St. Louis show an increased
enrolment of 3,000 pupils over last year, in a total of
32,000. There are nine colored schools, which exhibit
an increase of 290 in a total of 576.
The registration of third-class mail matter com-
mences on the 1st proximo. It is expected to be a
benefit, not only to the people, but the Post-offiee De-
partment. The revenue derived from the registration
of domestic letters for the fiscal year, amounted to over
$367,000. The proposed change, it is hoped, may
eventually add much toward making the department
self-sustaining.
The number of deaths in this city, during the week
ending on the 14th, was 270—140 being adults and 130
minors — 66 being under one year of age.
The Secretary of the Treasury has rescinded his order
of the 3d inst., directing that the standard silver dol-
lars be given in exchange for greenbacks and national
bank notes, at the sub-treasury offices. The reason
given is, that it would be violating the conditions of
the Resumption act.
Markets, Ac— .\merican gold lOOf. U. S. sixes 1881,
108; 5-20 coupons, 1865, 102i; do. 1867, 105 J; do.
186S, 107| ; new 5's, 106^ ; new 4J per cents, 103} ; new
4 per cents, lOOJ.
Cotton. — Small sales are reported at 11| a 12 cts. per
pound.
Petroleum. — Crude, 7f cts. in barrels, and standard
white, 95 a 10 cts. for export, and 13 a 13} cts. per
gallon for home use.
Flour. — Minnesota extra, $5.75 a $6 for fresh ground
old wheat; Penna. and western, $5.25 a $5.37}; patent
$6.75 a $8.50. Kye flour, $3.12} a $3.25.
Grain.— Wheat is in demand, red, $1 a $1.06} ; am-
ber, $1.05 a $1.07 ; white, $1.08 a $1.10. Kye, 58 a 60
cts. Corn, 48 a 52 cts. Oats, mixed, 26 a 28 cts. ;
white, 30 a 32 cts.
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts., per
100 pounds ; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. ; straw, 45 a 55 cts. per
100 pounds.
Beef cattle, 3} a 5| cts. per lb., as to quality. Sheep,
3} a 4| cts. per lb. Hogs, 4J a 6J cts. per lb. as to
condition.
FoKBiON. — A frightful colliery explo-ion occurred
on the 11th inst. at Abercarne, South Wales, from which
it is estimated 280 deaths resulted. The scenes of dis-
tress were indescribable. It was thought expedient to
flood the mine to extinguish the fire, after all hope of
there being any more alive should be relinquished.
The receipts of the Paris Exposition for entrance, up
to the 4th inst., amounted to 7,412,219 francs.
How severely France snfl'ered last year from the
political agitation, and stagnation of trade, appears from
the reports of the Mont de Piete, of Paris, which in
1877 made lo.ans of $7,036,076, on 1,789,500 objects.
The average loan was $2.13, as against $3.98, in 1876,
and $4.01, in 1875, and there was such a general pawn-
ing of mattresses and heavy articles of furniture, that
great warehouses had to be erected wherein to store
these bulky pledges. There was an unusual increase in
the number of renewals, and of articles abandoned. In
1877 there were abandoned 172,451 articles, on which
$562,028 h.id been advanced ; they brought when sold
A dispatch from Berlin states, the Emperor William
cli'sinius of resuming the reins of government next
Hill]. The assassin Nobiling, died on the 10th from
■ ellect of his woinids.
riie mission of Mou khtar Pasha, who was sent to Crete
to endeavor to pacify the island, has failed. Cretans re-
jected all the proposals made by the Porte, and refused
to enter into any arrangement with Moukhtar Pasha,
looking to the establishment of reforms in the adminis-
tration.
The Mussulmans of the surrounding country threaten
a descent on Erzeroum, and to plumlc 1 the ( lirisiians,
when the Ru,ssian troops leave the cii v. Imc Anm-nian
Archbishop has telegraphed to tin; r.ini-h .nni limch
ambassadors at Constantinople, asking that steps be
taken for protection of the Christian population.
The East Indian Budget, of Holland, shows a deficit
of 10,000,000 florins, whereof the sum of 1,000,000
florins was expended in the .^cheenesc war. The budget
estimates the coffee crop at 830,000 piculs, and the sa
able price at 48 cents (dutch) per half kilogramme.
The first successful attempt to ascend Mont Blanc
the Italian side, was recently made by four membi
of the Italian Alpine Club.
KECEIPTS.
Received from John Hasket, O., per R. R. Cha
P. M., $2.10, vol. 52; from Ashton Richardson, Dc
$2.10, vol. 52 ; from Hannah Burrough, City, $2,
52; from John Brantingham, O., $2.10, vol. 52; frc
B. F. Wickersham, Pa., per George Sharpless, Agei
$2.10, vol. 52 ; from Lewis Embree, Pa., $2.10, vol. {
and for Susanna Doan, $2.10, vol. 52 ; from .Jose]
Cowgill, O., $2.10, vol. 52, and for David Wallai
$2.10, vol.52; from Sarah T. Warrington, N. J., $2.1
vol. 52 ; from Mary Evens, N. J., S2.10, vol. 52 ; fre
Samuel A. Willits, N. J., iif2.10, vol. 52; from Josi;
Wistar, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Daniel Gove ai
Pelatiah Gove, Vt., $2.10 each, vol. 52 : from Thorn
Waring, Md., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Nathaniel Barton a
Joseph Barton, N. J., i2.10 each. vol. 52; from Bu
P. Johnson, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52; from Thomas Wilki.
N. J., per Elwood E. Haines, $2.10, vol. 52 ; from W
Ham C. Taber, Mass., $2.10, vol. 52; from Trum
Forsythe, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Benjamin Sharpie
Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from E. W. South, M. D., N. .
$2.10, vol. 52 ; from Joseph Hall, Agent, lo., for Jai
Frame, Warner Atkinson, Abraham Cowgill, and Sin
O. McGrew, $2.10 each, vol. 52 ; from Thomas F. Set
tergood. Pa., i>2.10, vol. 52, and for Sarah S. Scattergo
and Kate Vanhorn, $2.10 each, vol. 52 ; from Dav
Darnell, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from George Fost.
K. L, $2.10, vol. 52, and for John W. Foster,
vol.52; from George B. Allen, Pa., $2.10, vol. 5
from Edward Michener, Pa., $2.10, vol. 62 ; from J,
Bacon, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from James F. Reid, P:
$2.10, vol. 52; from Abigail P. Elfreth, Pa., $2.10, 1
52; from Walker Moore, City, $2, vol. 52; from W
liam Hicks, City, *2, vol. 62 ; from Francis De Cc
N. J., $2.10, to No. 14, vol. 53 ; from Edward Balde
ston, Pa., $2.10, vol.52; from Susannah N. Canby, Cii
$2, vol. 52 ; for Ann Eliza Wilson, O., $2.10, vol. 52.
ReniUlances received after Fourth-day morning will
appear in the Receipts until the following week.
THE CORPORATION OF HAVERFORD COL
LEGE.
A Stated Annual meeting of " The Corporation
Haverford College," will be held at the Committe
room of Arch St. Meeting-house, Philadelphia, (
Third-day, Tenth month 8lh, 1878, at 3 o'clock, p. M
Edward Bettle, Jr., Sea-elary.
A young woman of experience, desires a situation
teacher of small children in the family of a Friend.
Refer to S. A. K., 444 North Fifth St., Philada.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Winter Session opens on Second-day, the 2
of Tenth month. Parents and others intending to si
pupils to the Institution, will please make early appi
cation to Benjamin W. Pass.more, Supt., (addri
Street Road P. 0., Chester Co., Pa.,) or to Charles
Allen, Treasurer, No. 304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
Philada. 9th mo. 11th, 1878.
WANTED
A well <pialified woman Friend as Matron at Frionii
iflylum for the Insane, near Frankford, Philadelphi
Apply to
Samuel Morri.s, Olney, Philada.
John E. Carter, Fisher's Lane, Germantowi
EVENING SCHOOLS FOR COLORED ADULT
These Schools will be opened about the first o^Ti'ii
month. Teachers are wanted. .Apply to
Thomas Elkinton, 9 Nortli Front street.
James Bromley, 641 Franklin street.
Joseph W Lippincott, 201 Walnut Place.
Ephraim Smith, lUO Pine street.
DiEU, at her resi
'ai
Barnesville
Ohio, (
ihe 21st of Seventh
mo.
IS
8,
WiLSO:
relict of the late Isra
•1 W.
,so
Stillwater Monthly a
nd Pi
iti
'II
ir .Meetings.
She w;
strongly attached to
the :
iir
en
doetrineso
Friend'
ind left much comforting
id
■nee that he
■ end w;
peace.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, NINTH MONTH 2s, 1878.
NO. 7.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice, if paid in advance, S2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Subicriptiom and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
k.T SO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
A Trip to Muncy, by J. S. L.
(GouclaJed from page 42.)
Let us not permit ourselves to bo whirled
0 rapidly over this fair scene, and become
^gardless of the lessons taught by the mines
'ron and zinc that occur along our path,
any valuable mines of iron occur on the
)rth-western border of Bucks county and in
ie district that traverses the heart of Berks,
hey are generally in the strata ternaed b}-
rof. Rogers, of the Pennsylvania Surrey,
Primal, because the first deposit worn
)wn from the old primitive rocks. Those
rimilivc rocks recently known as Azoic, are
termed Protozoic, Laurentian and Hu-
)nian ; advancing knowledge having given
eper insight into their history and origin,
id forced the geologist to modify his terms
1 accordance therewiih. They are all now
3lieved to have once contained animal re-
lains, hence the term protozoic. They were
oubtless once sandstones, mud-rocks and
mestones, though they are all now more or
converted by pressure, moisture, and
hemical action, into gneiss, granite, slate and
larble. Everywhere these rocks are charac
prized by the presence of immense beds of
laguetic and specular iron ore. Many other
eposits of ore are near the surface, and are
nown as red and brown hematite. These
ccupy hollows and basins, and are evidently
oe to the dissolving and transporting action
f percolating water, and often take on the
ppearance of stalactites, and are drawn into
lender pipes, known as pipe-ore. Several of
hesc openings are exposed to our gaze from
he windows of the cars.
Science will enable us to see that which
or eyes alone could never perceive. But
Bience, alas! is a sealed book to man}' travel-
5rs, "to them her ample page, rich with the
polls of knowledge of nature in her thou-
aud aspects, has never been unrolled." The
Dtellectual craving of their children [in some
ases] has been stunted by being told " not to
.ek foolish questions," and their training at
chool has repressed the desire to make an
cquaintance with the phenomena around
hem, until indifference becomes the charac
eristic of the once ardent enquirer.
To the eye of the scientist the present can
iall up the past, and in the dead before him
jcs ihe life of the early world. The new
•ed-sundstone we have travei-sed is known to
geologists as the Ti'ias, in allusion to its three-
fold division, as presented in Germany. In
this deposit are found, near Richmond, Vir-
ginia, beds of bituminous coal, thirtj^ feet
thick, and good iron ore in the coal regions
of North Carolina. But little iron ore is mined
in this formation in the portion of Pennsyl-
ia through which we are passing. As wo
enter Lehigh and Northampton counties, and
approach the Lehigh river, we may see ex-
tensive diggings for ore, and vast accumula-
tions around the furnaces which now occur.
Though iron is disseminated through the red
sandstone rocks and soil around us, it does
not appear to have become aggregated in
masses worthy the attention of avaricious
man; some necessary conditions appear to
have been absent. Why is this? What pro-
cesses were needful to its valuable accumula-
tion or segregation from the rock and earth
n which it abounds?
There are no accidents in nature. The
same principles that rule in chemistry have
always held sway, and the processes the
chemist performs in his laboratory are but
puny imitations of the Creator in the vast
laboratory of the world. What is the histoiy
of every mine of iron? Curious indeed and
.vorthy of especial attention as indicating
how, by means the most contemptible to many
human eyes, the AUwise has brought about
stupendous changes, and has made the minu-
test life of the past contribute to the progress
of the present.
The first act of nature after the appearance
iron upon the earth, was to burn it, — that
is, convert it into per-oxide of iron, the rich
red iron rust, which coniains the largest pro
portion of oxygon. This compound is in
soluble in water, and if the earth were early
covered by water, destitute of plant life, this
would occur spread upon its surface or form-
ing a large proportion of most of the earth or
rocks. But let plants appear, even the hum-
ble mosses, which were with seaweeds among
the earliest of vegetable forms, and death and
decay set in, and a change in the condition of
the iron begins. The red iron rust which was
insoluble in the rain and river waters, is now
brought into contact with a new element
The carbon of the decaying mosses is taken
up by the rain, which penetrating the surface
ot the soil and meeting the iron therein, robs
it of a portion of its o.^ygen and converting
the iron into protoxide renders it soluble.
The waters therewith carry the soluble iron
with them, and convey it into the larger
streams or into pools in stagnant bogs. It is
hero destined to undergo another change by
the absorption of another portion of oxygon
from the air above it, and during this process
it becomes apparent to us in the iridescent
pellicle often seen upon the surface of the
[stagnant waters of swamps, and thus again
'rendered insoluble in water, it sinks to the
bottom where it forms beds of bog ore
iron mine was thus transform(
sucri mme thus becomes a massive evidence
of the existence of vegetation upon the sur-
face of land raised above the water, and evi-
dence of rains and of the various processes at
the dawn of plant life, similar to those wo now
i going on around us.
There are two localities in Pennsylvania at
which zinc is mined. One of these lies near
to our route, in the valley of the Saucon Creek,
about six miles south of Bethlehem. At South
Bethlehem, Joseph Wharton of Philadelphia,
in 1860, 8UCcessfull3Mntroduced the manufac-
ture of spelter sheet-zinc, which has attained
large dimensions. Large quantities of zinc
white paint are also made by the Lehigh Zinc
Company. This ore is principally a silicious
oxide, and occurs in limestone.
Many suppo'so that metallic veins are evi-
dence of the intrusion of melted matter from
the interior of the earth. Prof. Whitney pre-
pared the way for an important reform in
geology, when he called attention to the fact
that metals were introduced into the rocks of
Wisconsin and Illinois at the very time when
life appeared upon a grand scale in the oceans
of the globe. From the primeval ocean came
the lead, the zinc, the copper, the silver, &c.,
and not from an imaginar}' ocean of lava at
the earth's core. In this primeval all-dissolv-
ing sea, the metals were held in solution in
the form of sulphates, and so remained until
polyps, mollusks and medusje abounded in the
waters, and died there. Their life did not
help the lead out of the sea, but at their death
the carbon of their bodies seized upon the
oxygen of the sulphuric acid in the sulphate
of lead, or zinc, or of silver, and converted
the compound into a sulphide, which being
insoluble, sank and crystalized upon the floor
of the sea. Currents may then have swept these
crystals into fissures in the limestone rocks,
or during the subsequent metamorphism of
the strata, they may have been taken into
solution by alkaline carbonates, or sulphides,
and redeposited in crevices in the metallifer-
ous strata, and there formed veins of galena
or sulphide of lead, calamine or carbonate and
silicate of zinc, blende or sulphide of zinc, and
sulphide of silver.
Copper occurs occasionally in the red sand-
stone, but rarely in remunerating quantities,
and has led to much fruitless expenditure.
This metal was also once held in solution in
the primeval ocean, and has been extracted
from the ancient waters, not however by dead
matter, but by living mollusks. These mol-
lusks, analogous to clams and oysters, broke
up the molecules of sulphate of copper, took
the metal and made it a part of their blood,
as iron forms an indispensable part of ours.
English oysters have been known to contain
so much copper as to acquire a decidedly dis-
agreeable taste, and recent experiments with
oysters from Portugal, showed metallic cop-
per deposited upon a clean iron plate placed
Every lin contact with them. Fish have the power
and every [of taking up copper, and their bones are some-
.50
THE FRIEND.
times coloi-cd a rich bluo by the carbonate of
this metal. The power of absorbing copper
belongs to all molhisks, who at their death
deposit it upon the floor of the oceao, to be
transferred to veins in the fissures, into which
thermal waters may convey it. The thermal
waters of Nevada are seen to rise through
fissures and to throw down minerals and me-
tallic ores along their w^dls.
Thus it appears that the aggregate labors
of myriads of workers in the long ages of the
past, have left their legacies of usefulness, and
proved themselves indispensable factors in the
advancement of the crown of creation, en-
lightened and progressive man, aptly illus-
trating in connection with our recently ac-
quired knowledge of the rationale of the pro-
cesses, the thought of the poet, when ho
" Yet I doubt not through crdation one incessant pur
widened with the proces
pose runs.
And the thougbts of
of the suns."
For " The Friood "
Epistle of Ambrose Rigge.
(Contiuti'?d from page 42.)
This I have known, and many years experi-
enced in my day; by which I was abilitated
to give my naked back to the rotl of the wicked,
and my head to them who tore off ray hair,
and my body to bonds, and close confinement,
with other additional sufferings, which many
years wore my lot in the world ; in and
through all which, the Lord carried me with
cheerfulness and contentedness, without the
least murmuring. But the longer I suffered,
the easier it was made to me by the Lord. I
was freely given up to suffer all my days, as
my enemies said 1 should ; who said. Aha,
aha I Thus we would have it. But the Lord
disappointed them, and set my feet at liberty
over all their heads, when I least looked for it.
Glory, honor, and everlasting praises bo to
his honorable name for evermore ; who never
faileth them, whose dependence is upon him
for ])reservation and deliverance.
And now my dear friends and brethren, see-
ing this stormy winter is in a great measure
over, and the Lord in mercy hath influenced
the heart of this present government, under
which we live, to calmness and tenderness
towards us : lot us be humbly thankful to him
for it, and further engage the government by
our peaceable behavior and deportment, in
exercising ourselves, and as much as in us lies,
by all honest and lawful means, to provoke
others to the like acts of piety, justice and
righteousness, which will establish and exalt
SI nation, and be the greatest glory of the
government. Thus shall our thankfulness and
service be manifested to them, beyond all the
flatteries of wicked and ungodly men, among
whom the government is not safe ; for such
were called, many ages ago, the plague and
pests of human society ; and entailed ven-
geance upon the places of their residence ; and
the greatest enemies the government could
have in their bowels. For if righteousness
exults a nation, as the wise king said, then
unrighteousness must debase it, and bring con-
tempt and reproach upon it.
So, dear friends, love tho government under
which God bath jjlaced us, and seek the safotj^
of it, by walking uprightly in it. And let
prayers, supplications and intercessions bo
made to God for all men, especially for all who
are in authority over us ; that under them we
may live quiet and peaceable lives, in all god-
liness and honesty: for this is good and ac-
ceptable in tho sight of God our Saviour, who
will have all men to bo saved, aud come to the
knowledge of the Truth.
For our Saviour is not come to destroy men's
lives, but to save them ; not to influence his fol-
lowers to be unfaithful to whatsoever govern-
ment he is pleased to set over them ; but on the
contrary, to bo subject to every orillnance of
man for his sake ; being for tho punishment of
evil doers, and for the praise of them who do
well. To this end, purpose and intent, was
government the ordinance of God.
And now, brethren, seeing tho Lord hath
made us members of one body, and of one
household of faith, let us walk in love one
towards another, and be content, whatsoever
station our great Father and Master hath
placed us in; that he may delight to dwell
with us, and give us our daily bread, and
nourish our souls with tho milk of his word,
up to eternal life: this is our interest, this is
our all ; that righteousness tna}^ be established
in the earth, and in ever}' house and family;
the fruits whereof are peace, and the effects
thereof quietness and assurance for ever.
So shall the true Christian sabbath be re-
stored in the earth again, which hath been lost,
in this long and dark night of apostasy, which
hath been over the nations and families of tho
earth, whereon the false church hath sat as a
queen, and seen no sorrow ; being decked on
the outside with fine ornaments, ploa-ing to
the fleshly eye, whereby thousands have been
enticed into her embraces, because of the
beauty and riches of her golden cup ; having
not that eye opened which could see her in-
side, as it is full of abomination and fillhiness ;
but the day and hour of her judgment is come,
and more abundantly coming, when tho na-
tions shall buy her merchandize no more ; for
she hath trtided in slaves and souls of men,
&c. llev. xviii. But the day is sprung, which
hath discovered her skirts, and many see her
nakedness, and will trade with her no more.
The true church is returning out of her wil-
derness condition, who-soclothiugis the Sun of
righteousness, white as snow; she is travailing
in pain, for the deliverance of her sons and
daughters into the glorious liberty of the sons
of God ; all changeable elements are under her
feet : you that can road, may. She is the true
mother of all the faithful, and all her children
are free, walking in white linen, which is the
saints righteousness; and are inwardly adorn-
ed with the ornament of a quiet spirit, which
in tho sight of God is of great price. Her
dwelling is within the munition of that rock,
which the gates of hell cannot prevail against.
The streets of her city are pleasant; in the
midst of which is tho river of life, and all her
flocks drink at it, which can never be drawn
dr3^ The bread of her city is of the finest of
the wheat; and her wine is well refined from
the loos; which all partake of, who dwell with-
in her gates ; and nono can enter therein, who
work abomination, or love and make a lie,
though her giitos stand open bj' day. Oh ! ye
my dear friends, who are situated within her
walls, you have a sure and quiet habitation,
out of tho reach of tho dragon's i)owor: keep
your habitation, and walk in the light of the
Lamb ; by which every trap and snare which
tho enemy lays in your way, will bo soon, and
power given to escape.
Go forward in tho name and power of the
Lord, and keep j-our station in the holy order
of life, which God hath placed you in ; and
with zeal and fervency of spirit, keep y(
holy assemblies, both first and week-days, tl
renewed acquaintance you may have with I
Lord, and the operation of his divine pow(
through which we have been often renewed
thespirit of our minds, and preserved throu
all storms that rose in the winter.
And now many being come to the sabba'
day, there is as much need to watch, and f
quently to pray for the preserving hand,
the Lord of the sabbath to sustain and uph(
us, as ever. For the crown is at tho end
tho race ; which none can obtain, but who c(
tinue to the end, in faith, patience, and w
doing. Oh ! look not back at the glory of t
world, and covet not the friendship of it, whi
is enmity with God ; and whosoever will bi
friend of the world, is an enemy of God.
But endure their hatred with a quiet rain
and have a special care it be for well doiiij
and then their reproaches will be of mo
worth than all their treasures, and as so mai
seals and witnesses of the day of your rodom
tion : for it is the suffering seed that must i
herit glory and immortality with the So
when days in this world are ended.
And walk inoffensively among the sons ai
daughters of men, in all gravity and huiiiilit
sobriety and temperance; that it may
known that you are taught by the grace
God, and saved b}' its virtue and power, fro
the pollutions of the world, and all thode"'
ments of the flesh: for to this end did it a
pear unto j'ou, in an acceptable day.
Evolution, or the theory of the natural deveiopmf]
of forms of organic life from lower or anterij
forms or typBs. |
From a work entitled " Present Conflict of Sden\
with the Christian Religion" by Herbert \\
Morris, A. M. \
(Cootinaed from page 36.)
It is obvious from these and other si mill!
passages, as also from the examples and illul
trations employed by Darwin, that ho h;
never duly weighed what is involved in mor
perception and judgment — in the idea of rigl
and wrong, obligation and duty. His conce
tion of tho moral sense, briefly expresse
seems to bo — the prevalence of more endurir
instincts over less persistent ones, the formo
being social instincts, the latter personal one
But social instincts and social feelings are oi
thing, and a sense of right and wrong anothi
thing, and quite as ditt'erent as color is fro
shape, or sound from substance. No instinc-
and no amount of kindly habits proeeedin
from instincts tend even in the remotest d
groe to account for conscience. Such habi'
may make tho doing of such beneficial ae:
pleasant, and their omission painful ; but sue
feelings have essentially nothing whatever 1
do with tho porco|ition of right and wrong, nc
will the faintest incipient stage of the percoi
tion bo accounted for by the strongest develoj
mont of such sj^mpathetie feelings. Likin
to do acts which happen to be good, is on
thing; seeing that actions aro good, whothe
wo like them or not, is quite another.
Again: If tho "social instinct" were th
real basis of tho moral sense, tho fact tho
society approved of anything would be reeog
nized as tho supremo sanction of that thinj
But so far is this from being tho case, thn
conscienco pronounces its judgment on th
doi ngs of society itself, often condemns its prt
ecedings, and sometimes chooses death rathe
THE FRIEND.
51
submit to its demands.— Altogether, as
r. McCosh hasjustly pronounced, "Darwin's
leory of the origin of our moral ideas is one
' the loosest and most unsatisfactory— in-
ed, one of the weakest ever propounded."*
This author, in ihe words before quoted,
,y8 that it is possible for "any animal to ac-
lire a moral sense or conscience" — it would
been much more to the point, and infi-
tely more satisfactory, than all his inco-
rent reasoning, had he referred us to any
lecies of animals that are passing through
le process he describes, that are now acquir-
g in some faint or slow degree a moral sense
conscience. But this he has not pretended
do, for the all-sufficient rea.son we suppose,
at no such animals are in existence.
It may safely be affirmed," says St. George
ivart, "that there is no trace in any brutes
any action simulating morality which are
)t explicable by the fear of punishment, by
hope of pleasure, or by personal affection.
o sign of moral reprobation is given by any
ote; and yet had such existed in germ
irough Darwinian abysses of past time, some
7idence of its existence must surely have
pen rendered perceptible through 'survival
■ the fittest' in other forms besides man, if
lat ' survival' has alone and exclusively pro-
Qced it in him."t
The moral faculty is entirely wanting in all
pes and all other brutes; they possess noth
ig resembling a sense of right and wrong, of
istice and injustice, of truth and falsehood,
here is in them no inward monitor to ap-
ove or condemn their actions or conduct.
To dog was ever seen compelled by inward
mitings to return the meat he had stolen
om the butcher's stand, or ever known to
386 his appetite and sleep through remorse
jr lacerating the playful infant that chanced
0 touch his ear. To all such feelings animals
re utter strangers ; they are in their nature
QCapablo of the faintest idea of the morality
r immorality of their doings. Virtue and
ice, honesty and fraud, justice and mercy,
ire conceptions as far above them as are the
tarrj' heavens above the earth.
Man only is a moral being. Man only acts
roni a sense of duty. " Duty!" exclaims I
anuel Kant,J " Wondrous thought, that
Vorkest neither by fond insinuation, flattery
by any threat, but merely by holding up
hy naked laws in the soul, and so extorting
[• thyself always reverence, if not always
bedience ; before whom all appetites are
mb, however secretly they rebel ; whence
hy original ? We answer. From God, and
^Tom God direct. Conscience is a revelation
f the Supreme Will in the human soul, and
designed to bring man not only into con-
Iverse with goodness, but to relate him to it,
the power that should govern him in his
[daily conduct, and guide him to daily happi-
[ness. It is conscience that bestows upon hu-
man life all its sacredness and moral beauty ;
|and it is destitution of conscience that leaves
the whole brutecreation irresponsible, ignoble,
and doomed at death to final extinction.
If, now, we review what has been said of
Man in comparison with the Gorilla, and bring
together all the differences enumerated and
described under the five foregoing heads—
1 the difterence in aspect and habits and expres
t, * Christianity and Positivism, p. 3-59.
I t Genesis of Specie, p. 211.
I X Metaphysics of Ethics, p. 130.
sion, in the structure of the body and the for-
mation of the brains and muscles, in intellec-
ual endowments and progress and achieve-
ments, in the use and advantages of articulate
language, and in the high distinctions of a
moral sense — we shall at once clearly see, and
feel abundantly convinced that the gulf — the
ocean — which separates them is truly "en-
ormous," "immeasurable," and "practically
infinite;" and consequently practically im-
passable. And yet, in the face of all this, we
are asked, and that unsupported by a single
well-established fact as to time or locality or
means or method, to believe that some " hairy
quadruped," some " ape like creature," with
no other guide than " chance," no other aid
than "fortuitous variation," has conducted
successfully a voyage occupying millions of
years across this immense waste, and at length
anded triumphantly on the elevated and
sunny plain of Intellect and Morality, from
whence he now exercises dominion and au-
thority over all that live or move or breathe
in all the earth! We are asked, we say, to
believe all this—lhe demand, we must confess,
utterly bankrupts all the credulity at our com-
and. With all deference to authorities, we
must beg leave to say, that the feat seems to
to the meeting left their minds behind them
in that business."
In the course of his American journey, ho
WHS at Salem, Massachusetts, in the year
1G99, where, he says, " part of my testimony
was against a sleepy state in .some, and a
wandi-ring spirit in others; which I perceived
infested and hurt that meeting, and hindered
the growth of several. It was a tender, com-
fortable meeting; and I was told afterwards,
there was great need of such a testimony:
and one ancient Friend confessed, with tears,
that ho had received great hurt in meetings
by a wandering spirit; which draws away
tiio mind' from a true and sincere waiting
upon God, by insensible degrees, and hinders
the progress of the mind in the Truth, and
the true worship."
How many there are of us at the present
day, who could (if wo were so disposed) make
the same confession as this aged Friend, and
acknowledge, that our minds were often drawn
away "from a true and sincere waiting upon
God," by a wandering spirit! May we all
heed the exhortation which T. S. was con-
ceroed to give at Hampton Meeting, where
(as at Salem,) he bore testimony against
a drowsy, lukewarm, and indifferent spirit.
as incredible, as Baron-Munchausen-like, as if i Here ho exhorted, " The old convinced not to
we had been told that toward the close of the rest in thatcondition,lesttheymightlose their
Miocene Period, a Baboon set out to under- crowns, and become stumbling blocks in the
take the flight of crossing the space which I way of the weak, then under convinceraent :
divides the Earth from the planet Saturn, and i And to the young, that they should mind the
having accomplished the exploit, now sits 'Lord alone; and that if they should espy
complacently on the resplendent arch of its 'anything in any one, who had for a long or
nner ring, survcj'ing the wonders of the short time prof
planetary landscape spread out beneath him.
If we can receive the former, there is nothing
to forbid us to believe the latter.
Let us, however, devote a moment to glance
at the style of reasoning or the character of the
argument by which this extraordinary theory
is Recommended to our acceptance and belief.
Thus it runs — " There must have been a series
of forms graduating insensibly from some ape-
like creature to man as he now exists, and it
would be impossible to fix any definite point
when the term Man ought to bo used. But
this is a matter of very little importance."*
This certainly is what may bo called "free
and easy" science, and equally " free and easy"
theology.
" 'Ti.sn't easy to settle when Man became Man ;
When the Monkey-type stopped and the Human
began.
As some very queer things were involved in the plan."
" But this is a matter of very little import-
ance !"
For "TLe Friend."
Inciflents and Reflections.— .\o, 17.
MEETINGS FOR WORSIIIP.
Though our Saviour has promised to be in
the midst of those who are gathered in his
name, yet it is not always that Ho manifests
his presence in religious assemblies by the
outpouring of comfort and sensible refresh-
ment. For wise purposes, no doubt, He sorne-
times permits even those who sincerely desire
to worship Him, to wrestle long for a bless-
ing ; and the careless and indifferent are often
'sent empty away." Thomas Story says of
a meeting he had in Virginia, that it was
"very sniall, hard, dark and dull;" and he
attributes it to the fact, that " the people were
busy planting tobacco, and those that came
* Descent of Man, Vol. I. p 220.
d the truth, either in con-
versation or in meetings; whether in the
vanity of the one, or indifference of the other ;
or in coming to meetings, or negligence when
in them, they should' not look out at the
failings of others, but to the Lord for help ;
to whom we must all stand or fall, and an-
swer for ourselves, and not for another."
In a meeting at Greenwich, the same Friend
says, "I was concerned to speak against divers
enormities, and especially whispering, back-
biting, traducing and vilifying, as works of
the evil one, and of the flesh ; and, after the
meeting, several persons went to Ebenezer
Slocomb, an honorable and able minister of
Truth, and made confession of things they
had unjustly reported against him, asking
him forgiveness."
The object of religious meetings is the per-
formance of Divine worship, which, as our
Saviour told the woman of Samaria, must be
n spirit and in truth. It is not therefore at
.ill essential that there should be anything
uttered on such occasions; but the duty of
those assembled is to turn their minds inward,
and endeavor to feel the solemnizing presence
of the Lord. In this way meetings may be
profitably held, whether any ministers are pre-
sent or not. Indeed, it has been a frequent
experience, that where the expectation of the
people is much turned to ^hose who sometimes
speak in the congregations, it has a tendency
to close up the spring of true Gospel ministry.
Joseph Hoag mentions attending a meeting
at Sandwich, in Massachusetts, of which he
says: " It being known that I was expected
to be there, the meeting was full. I felt my
mind uncommonly shut up, and much com-
posed in stillness. Querying why it was so,
it opened to me thus :— There are a number
who would not have been present, had thoy
not expected thee here ; they are looking to thee,
and not to Mo, the Giver of all good. I bo-
THE FRIEND.
came satisfied, and passed the meeting silent-
ly, with peace of mind in so doing." It is
right to put ourselves in the way of receiving
good impressions ; but if we depend for our
nourishment on the ministrations of the ser-
vants, instead of looking to the inexhaustible
fountain of good, we are not likely to grow in
grace, and to become strong men and women
in the Lord's army.
The observation has sometimes been made,
that meetings which contained a body of
sound and religious!}' concerned members but
none in the station of minister more frequently
retained their place as vigorous branches of
the Church; than those meetings which were
favored with a lively gospel ministry. The
reason given for this is, the tendency in the
minds of the people to depend upon the labors
of the minister for their spiritual comfort
and refreshment, and thus gradually to slide
away from a state of wrestling for the Heaven-
ly blessing. The inevitable result of this is a
dwindling in the life of religion. Gospel
ministry is undoubtedly a great blessing to
the Church, and is designed to instruct, edify
and comfort the flock of Christ; but, like
other blessings, wo may fail to use it to the
best advantage.
Joseph Hoag, in his journal, several times
refers to this subject. On one occasion, when
travelling in Canada, he says, "We attended
the little meeting at William Showel's, who
had been our pilot. I was shut up in silence,
and at the close of the meeting I felt it best
to remark, that those, and those only, who
wait upon the Lord, renew their strength ;
and that it appeared to me, that if the people
then gathered had waited as intently on the
Lord as they had on an inferior object, with-
out doubt we should have had a precious
meeting."
Of a meeting hold at Sandwich, New Hamp
shire, which he attended in the year 1802, he
observes, " My mind was tried in a singular
way. After sitting a considerable time, it
was made known to me, that the people were
waiting on me, and not on the Most High.
This closed my way, and I believed I must
tell it to the people, but the singularity of it
tried my mind ; yet not fcling easy without
doing so, 1 simply told them my feelings, and
then sat down : but soon felt like a vessel
pressed full, that wanted vent, and could not
have it in this condition. I sat as long as
meetings commonly hold, until the people
gave up the expectation of having preaching,
and became quiet; then way opened in a
lengthy, searching testimony, that reached
the witness for God in the minds of the peo-
ple, and broke them down to a tender feeling
and an acknowledgment to the Truth."
His experience in another part of the same
journey is instructive. He remarks, " We
next went to Falmouth, and attended their
Preparative Meeting — shut up in silence. To
Windham the day following, also silent. We
left an appointment for Seventh-day, hoping
way might open to get some relief, as my
mind seemed loaded and my heart greatly
distressed, though I knew not why. There
was also a meeting appointed at Gorham on
Sixth-day. We attended to the appointment,
— still my mouth was sealed, and the people
appeared much disappointed.
We returned to Windham, where the meet-
ing was large. Here again my lips seemed
sealed, and my heart shut up. 1 passed the
meeting in silence, but not without deep
searching of heart, questioning the rectitude
of my movements; tor the people were not
only disappointed, but some of them dissatis-
fied, and thought themselves not well-used.
This, in addition to my broodings, increased
ray distress, so that 1 wist not what to do nor
what to think, until my Lord and Master
gave me clearly to sec, that the appointments
were not wrong ; it being right for me to go
in resignation to his will; and better for mo
and the people, as I became a sign to them
in the will and wisdom of the Lord, rather
than to speak without it; and that it was as
right for me, when the Lord directed, to go
from meeting to meeting, and feel and see the
states of meetings and people silently, as it
wasfor Nehemiah to view Jerusalem through-
out, before he put his hand to the work.
This opening fully relieved and quieted my
mind, and I said, ' Good is the will of the
Lord, let it be done.' The next day we at-
tended Falmouth Meeting; in it I had to lift
up my voice'like a trumpet, to show to many
their transgressions, and to high, superficial
professors, their sins. The word went forth
in its own authority; the Truth prevailed
over all opposition."
For " The Friend."
THE OLD MEETING HOUSE,
Of Stillwater, Ohio.
Our dear old meeting-house is gone ;
We've torn it all away :
The walls, which stood the storms of years.
Were levelled in a day ;
We've built a new one in its place,
'Tis nicer, well we know.
With longer aisles, and easier seats.
And ceiling white as snow.
We do not doubt but it is best,
The new was built, and yet
We think upon our dear old house
With feelings of regret ;
For there, in childhood's early years
Were many family bands
Into the house of God*^rsf led
By loving mothers' hands.
While more than three-score years rolled by,
Through man and womanhood.
To this same house, their steps were bent
To seek the Fount of good.
And when gray hairs had silvered o'er
Each once fair, youthful brow,
Some laid them down in peace to sleep ;
Some seek our new house now.
And holy influence there was cast
Upon the hearts around,
Until it seemed, we almost deemed
That spot was hallowed ground.
Oh ! could those walls a record give
Of all the truths there heard.
How woidd " our hearts within us burn"
At holy memories stirred.
But let us leave our treasured house,
And trust that in the new
Will fall upon our waiting hearts
Refreshing Heavenly dew.
THE NEW HOUSE.
I am thinking of the new one.
Now as from the old I part;
And with longings for our welfare,
I have questioned in iny heart:
Will we be more true and faithful,
When within the new we meet ?
Will we be as meek disciples.
Sitting at the Saviour's feet?
Will our meeds of praise rise sweeter
Than they did within the old?
Will each heart, in deep contrition
Seek the depths of Love untold?
* [" The house of God," not, properly, the building
in which His people meet; but, as the Apostle Paul
declared, "The Church of the living God, thu pillar
and ground of the Truth." — Ens.]
Can we yield earth's dearest treasures?
Lay its " Weights and burdens down" ?
Will we count no cross loo heavy
For the gaining of a crown f
Can we yield our all, in reverence,
To the Holy Spirit's power ?
Will the sleepers learn to waken ?
Can we " watch with Him one hour ?"
Will we imitate more closely
Quakers of the olden time ?
" Sons and daughters of the morning,"
Children of a faith sublime;
And, should God sea meet to prove us.
Could the aged and the youth
Suffer cruel persecution.
To promote the cause of Truth ?
Well we know, the new house never,
One stained heart can make more pure,
And God's mercy is not greater
Just because our house is newer.
But I would, oh Heavenly Father,
That we might more faithful be;
That " this house which we have builded"
We might dedicate to Thee.
Not with formal words and phrases ;
Not with worldly pride and show_;
But that, from each heart, sweet praises
Daily to Thy throne might flow ;
That we might, when there assembled,
Bow more meekly 'neath Thy rod ;
Strive to be more humble followers ;
More a people serving God.
tarnesville, Ohio, 9th mo. 17th, 1878.
For " The Friend."
letters, &c,, of Blargaret Morris. .
CContinued from page 43.)
Margaret Morris to Milcah Martha Moore.
3d mo. 22d, 17<(9.
I should like to know if brother G. M. h
read our friend Kobert Proud's history, an(
how he likes it? I have heard it suppose(
that the compiler will not bo much profitet
by his labors ; he refused to let it undergo thi
usual examination of Friends' publications
and as they are the only people that wouh
be likely to become purchasers, it is though:
ho will receive only the subscription money
For the sake of the honorable mention I hearc
he intended to make of the Dolobran family
I subscribed, but have not yet read it.f
To the same.
7th mo. 4th, 1799.
We have been much affected for some dayf
past by very alarming accounts from Phila'
delphiaof the yellow fever having again made
its appearance in the lower part of the city
all the empty houses hero are taken, anc
several families come up. Toda}'' the accounts
are more favorable, and I hope there is not
much reason for their fears. Yesterday ou*
valuable friend Daniel Smith, my Debby'fi
fixther, was buried ; he has left a sweet savor i
and I think it may bo said of him that his Iif(
was hid; being, indeed, a man of blameless;
conduct in all respects. He has left six sons,!
all valuable young men, and one amiabUj
* 1st Kings viii. 43.
t From references to this subject, contained in some
of the records, it appears that Robert Proud's Historyl
was inspected by a Committee of the Meeting for SuffeM
ings in 1785, who in reporting upon it, stated that thej
"Judged it might be informing and really usefid, bul
that it would be most proper when published to appeal
as his own performance." Robert Prond appears tc
have engaged in compiling this hislorv at the instanc£
of Friends, and on this account, in ISdl, llir Meeting
for Sufferings agreed to pay him, upon his application.
the sum of jriOO, although it was not sncli a work in
all respects as (he Representatives of the Society cuuld
THE FRIEND.
jghter, who has tenderly rocked the cradle
his " reposinr; age."
I am, my beloved sister, ever thine,
M. M.
ihe same.
[ shall hardly go to Philadelphia ; indeed,
r Putty, I am such a poor worn-out body,
it I am only fit to stay at home ; and here,
riewing the past scenes of ray chequered
3, and endeavoring to be prepared for the
,urc, of which there cannot now be much
■ mo to look forward to on earth, I find is
I employment for my " shattered taber-
cle." Ihear my sweet H. H. grows finely,
t is very cross; in that he is not what his
;hcr was, for I used to say of him, when an
fant, be gave no more trouble to his nurse
an a young kitten. The dried peaches are
ry nice, and I feel loth to deprive thee of
many; but if we should live to be near
ighbors, I will try to repay thee, my own
'eet sister, if not in the same kind, yet by
ery tender and affectionate attention in my
iwcr, for I do love thee, my dear sister, more
an I can express ; and as our domestic circle
ssens from year to year, I feel as though I
anted to engro.ss to myself the few indi-
duals that yet remain of our onco large and
ippy family; and 1 am willing to cherish
e hope that Providence will be pleased to
irmitour spending the dregs of life together,
id dropping off, like " full ripe corn," when
tr tour of duty is performed; indeed, it is
easant sometimes to look forward to the
osing scene of life, for with the patriarch,
me of us can say : " Few and evil have been
.e days of our pilgrimage."
to the same after the death of-Dr. C. Moore.
1 take up my pen to inform thee we had an
isy journey home, crossed the ferry about
Jur o'clock, and reached our door before five.
Ince I left thee, my most beloved sister, and
Ihile 1 was with thee, and a witness of thy
ideavors to get thy mind into a state of
signation, I have been comforted in the
that under the calming influence of this
ilm of life, thy bitter cup will be sweetened,
id in some happy moments give, not a
impse, but an assurance of that bright re-
jrsion which will greatly compensate for all
orrows of this life. It is thus I think,
hen my anxious mind is anticipating future
ournful events, and I wish I may be able to
ail myself of the precepts which a long series
'years have impressed on my mind; and in
le needful time practice what I know to be
ght. My love to all our kind relations,
e affectionate deportment on the late
ying occasion, shows the value they had for
leir departed uncle and thyself.
Thy own affectionate sister,
(To be coutiDiied.)
quence, can possibly effect. The men of tht
nation are what mothers make them, as a rule
and the voice that those men speak in the es
pression'of power, is the voice of the woman
who bore and bred them. There is no other
possible way in which the women of the na-
tion can organize their influence and power
that will teU so beneficially upon society and
the State. — Scribner's Monthly.
Heat in the Nevada Mioes.
Those who have not recently explored the
lower levels of the leading mines of Comstock
can have but a very faint conception of the
heat prevailing therein at the present time.
The heat is terrible even in the winter ; it is
like the breath of a furnace, and in most places
where men are obliged to work it is deficient
in oxygen, that life-supporting ingredienthav
ing been burnt out by the many candles used
and in various ways absorbed and exhausted.
It can be felt piercing through tiie little cloth
ing worn, drying the saliva in the mouth and
almost shriveling the eyeballs. A tempera
ture of 120 to 130 degrees is .so much above
blood heat that the process of cooking begins
n the human frame. But for the floods of pe
ration covering the body, the flesh would
lly be cooked to a certain extent. A famous
English philosopher has given an account of
that they can bring a man out all right by
their method of treatment in less than half
the time that it would be done by the physi-
cians. A day or two since at the Consolidated
Virginia, the men took one of their com-
panions who became deranged from the heat,
tied him at the end of a rope, and lowered
him about one hundred feet to a place where
he could be conveniently " doctored," then
went at him with their pick-handles and soon
brought him out all right.
Although the men who work there are a
species of human salamander — like the phi-
losopher who got into the oven along with the
beefsteak — still they cannot work but about
ten minutes at a time. They then fall back
and let other men come to the front. In this
way of working it is asserted that there are
places in the bonanza mines where it is now
costing §16 per day to do the work of one
man. The men could do nothing at all but
for the liberal supply of ice and ice- water
allowed them. They swallow ice water by
the gallon, and frequently pour the same over
each other. In these hot places thej' use
about ninety-five pounds of ice per day to the
man ! Without ice none of our leading mines
could bo worked. Men cannot live in the
lower levels without an ample supply of ice-
water, and even with it they are, as we have
his .'oin.^ into an oven" hcTt enough to cook alseen, almost cooked alive and frequently ren-
beefsteak, and remaining there till one lying dered delirious— would die indeed were they
— ■ ■ ■ 'not promptlj' taken in hand and "doctored.
spir
M. M.
Home and Its Queen. — Home, based upon
hristian marriage, is so evident an institu
on of God, that a man must become profane
sfore he can deny it. Wherever it is pure
d true to the Christian idea, there lives an
istitution conservative of all the nobler in
lincts of society.
Of this realm woman is the queen. It takes
le cue and hue from her. If she is in the
est sense womanly — If she is true and tender,
no- and heroic, patient and self-devoted —
le consciously and unconsciously organizes
nd puts in operation a set of influences that
0 more to mould the destiny of the nation
any man, uncrowned by power of clo-
near him was actually cooked. Had it been
the dead instead of the living body of the
philosopher that accompanied the beefsteak,
it would undoubtedly have been "done to a
turn." All that saved the experimenter, as
he himself says, was the fact that he was con-
stantly in a state of profuse perspiration. A
temperature above the natural heat of the
bod3' undoubtedly attacks it and causes the
flesh to undergo the first stages of cooking.
This happens to a miner the moment perspira-
tion ceases to flow from the pores of his skin.
The stomach is first affected, then the brain.
It is probably through disorder of and sick-
ness at the stomach that perspiration is
checked. As soon as the perspiration ceases
to flow, the body begins to cook, and first of
all, apparently, the brain, as the man at once
becomes delirious— as wildly insane as any
patient in a lunatic asylum. Cases of this
kind occur much more frequently than is sup
posed or generally known. Of late they have
been very frequent in the California and Con
solidated Virginia mines. When a miner sujj
denly begins to rave or talk incoherently, his
companions " doctor" him. It is rough treat
ment they give him, but it is found to be very
effective. The man affected is seized and car-
ried to the coolest place in the vicinity, when
he is bound hand and foot and put through a
process of rubbing. The friction is applied to
the stomach, whil'h is found to be the seat of
the trouble, and in which knots nearly of the
size of a man's fists are found to have formed.
These must be rubbed out, and as soon as they
disappear perspiration again starts and the
man regains his senses. The rubbing is some-
times done with a piece of gunny sack, but
as this is liable to cause useless abrasion of
the skin, a pick-handle is preferred. To be
rubbed down with a pick-handle in the hands
of a muscular miner is not such treatment as
any man in his senses would be likely to
greatly desire, nor does the miner, even in his
delirum, desire it, therefore he is tied in such
a way that he cannot resist. The miners say
■ Virginia (JVevada) Enterprise.
[The following communication was acci-
dentall}' mislaid, or it would have been in our
columns more imiuedi;itely after its recep-
tion.]
For "The Friend."
" The choice of a way opposed alike to the
spirit and course of this world, will mostlikely
draw upon you the ridicule and it may be the
hatred of that misjudging world which lieth
in wickedness."
The above sentence occurs in a forcible
article addressed to " the junior members of
the Society of Friends," in a former number
of " The Friend." It is no new thing to hear
the idea expressed, that those who publicly
avow a submission to the restraints of the
cross, become subject to the derision of their
former companions, and others who are in-
dulging in the world's pleasures. And in the
face" of history it were perhaps futile to deny
that it has often been so. But it is presumed
there are and have been clouds of witnesses
to the scripture Truth, that " when a man's
ways please the Lord, He maketh even his
enemies to be at peace with him."
It is one of the blessed fruits of a thorough
dedication of heart, to be found doing the will
of God, that it is more or less respected, even
by those who are strangers to its influence.
Perhaps, however, there are few who have
not, at some period, had visitations of Divine
love which they remember. Perhaps many
of them contemplate with regret the fact,
where such was the case, that these tender
visitations were neglected ; and while thus
reproaching themselves for unfaithfulness to
manifested duty, they are in no disposition to
treat those with levity of the wisdom of whose
course they stand convinced. This is not
mere theory. The writer can remember no
incident in the course of a protracted life, in
which a close attention to the scruples of con-
science has brought upon him the scorn of
54
THE FRIEND.
any one. He has met with respect, even where
iu the weakness of nature the contrary treat-
ment had been anticipated, and this experi-
ence runs aliiie through the whole history of
frivolous youthful acquaintance ; strangers to
Friends' testimonies, and men of the world's
refinement, who were close observers of its
etiquette.
It does indeed seem, that in His all embrac-
ing love, our heavenly Shepherd is ever ready
to " carry the lambs in his bosom," and often
causes to be felt in the hearts of those who
are opposed to the restraints of the cross, a
wholesome dread of that woe which was de-
clared by our Saviour to those " by whom an
offence cometh" to one of the little ones which
believe in Him.
I apprehend that the cases of ridicule that
are sometimes experienced, are where there
is but a partial surrender of the heart, and
but a halting submission to manifested duty.
Eeligious consistency may meet with respect
and encouragement where they who " put
their hands to the plow and look back," would
find themselves paralyzed by the scorn of be-
holders.
I would that our youth should not have
held up to their view any groundless difficul-
ties. The narrow way has ever been found a
path of trial ; but let them be assured that our
Heavenly Guide is equal to all our emergen-
cies, and especially that when a man's ways
please the Lord, he maketh even his enemies
to be at peace with him.
Colora, 1S7S. ^__^^^__
Initiation of Biiililhist Priests.
BY S. L. I5.\LDWIN.
The monastery at Koo-shan is the head
quarters of Buddhism for the province of
Fokien. Here on the night preceding the
birthday of Sakyamuni, priests are yearly
initiated. The birthday of Sakyamuni occurs
on the eighth day of the fourth month, which
this year is the 9th of May. In company
Avith two friends I ascended the sacred moun
tain last night (May 8). We reached the
monastery about 7 P". M., and found it crowd-
ed with visitors who had come to witness the
ceremony. We spread our lunch on a table
in the main guest- room, and were surrounded
by a very undesirable " cloud of witnesses"
while eating. Our inquisitive friends Jiiade
very shrewd guesses as to our food. Canned
peaches were pronounced to be duck's eggs;
butter was confidently affirmed to be lard ; a
bottle of pure water was pronounced wine ;
white sugar was salt, and the quantity of
"salt" used on our strawberries astonished
them, while the strawberries were themselves
an insoluble conundrum. About 9 o'clock
one of the leading priests took us to a side
room, where the novitiates were engaged in
a preliminary service. There were twenty-
eight of them, of various ages from fifteen to
forty years. Suddenly, about 10 o'clock, they
were taken to the main temple. Each candi-
date was attended bj^ two priests. While the
candidates kneeled before the tables, which
were placed in the room for this occasion, the
attending priests first made from throe to
twelve rings upon their heads with a sort of
stamp. These circular spots were then cover-
ed with a substance having the appearance
of ointment, or soft, sticking salve. To these
sticky surfaces conical i)iislilles of mugwort-
inceiise were attached, vvhii^h were then t-ct
on fire, and allowed to burn down into the
closely-shaven heads of the candidates. While
those pastilles were burning, the attending
priests were assiduously rubbing the surround-
ing surface of the head, apparently to obviate
or lessen the sensation of pain from the burn-
ing, on the principle of counter-irritation.
During all this time both the priests and the
novitiates were constantly repeating some
ritual form. It was altogether a very curious
sight. Immense red candles over two feet
high, and from four to six inches in diameter
at the top, were burning. I believe they are
really cups of oils made in the form and sem-
blance of candles. All over the room were
men kneeling, with from three to a dozen of
these pastilles sticking up on their heads, and
slowly burning down to the flesh. In about
twenty minutes the work was done, and the
candidates were taken back to the room from
which they came, and allowed to go bed, and
keep quiet. The ashes of the pastilles re-
mained on the burned spots, and it is said
that the sores are not dressed in any way.
The candidates affirm that they experience
no pain in the operation. — Christian Advocate.
For "The Friend"
Some ([ueries concerning Christ, &c.
(Concluded from page 45.)
Query 29. What is that which the earthly
nature slays? And what is the blood which
the earthly nature shall disclose, and the slain
which it shall no n\ore cover?
Query 30. What are the robes which are
washed and made white in the blood of the
Lamb? And how are they washed and made
white therein? And what is the blood (of
what nature, earthly or spiritual ?) wherein
they are washed and made white?
Query 31. What is it to have, or how come
we to have, fellowship with Christ in h"
death, and to suffer and be crucified with
Him? Is it by having our natural bodies
crucified on the same cross of wood (or some
such like one) as his body was crucified on
or by having the fleshly nature crucified, sub
dued, and worn out of our souls, minds, spirits
&c., by the power of the Spirit? Eom. viii
13. Now if the flesh we are to put ofl' be of
such a nature and kind; to wit, inwardly
and spiritually corrupt; must not the flesh
of Christ, which we are to put on instead
thereof, be of as deep, inward, and spiritual a
nature? What is the flesh whereof we are to
be unclothed, before we can be clothed with
Christ? is it outward or bodily? And what
is Christ's flesh we are to put on ? is that any
more outward or bodilj- than that which we
are to put off?
Query 32. Is not the flesh and blood, which
they that have eternal life feed on, and which
uourisheth them up to life eternal (they con-
tinuing to feed thereon, and not feeding after-
wards on strange flesh, and strange blood), —
I say, is not this flesh and blood Spirit and
life? For that is it which profiteth. John
vi. 63. Is it not the flesh and blood of the
Word ? Was not the Word made flesh ? And
did not the Word, who was made flesh, dwell
and appear in a tabernacle of flesh, and cause
the glory of his own divine flesh to si '
through that earthly flesh? Oh! read and
consider, that ye who have stumbled and
murmured against the truth may stumble or
niunnur no more, but now at length receive
the pure and precious doctrine thereof (;
HO come to witnu.ss the fullilling of that i
mise, Isa. xxix. 18—24,) and praise Him wl
giveth understanding.
Query 33. Is not the true church flesh •
Christ's flesh, and bone of his bone? Is n.
the ftilse, or antichristian church, flesh
antichrist's flesh, and bone of antichrist
bone? What is the flesh of the spir
whore, which is to be stripped naked an
burned with fire? Shall ever the churc
which is of Christ's flesh be stripped nake
and burned with fire? Nay, doth not h'
flesh make able to abide the devouring fin
and to dwell with the everlasting burnings
Query 3-1. What is the pure milk of tb
word, which is milked out to the babes froi
the pure breast? And what is the breas
from which it is milked out? Is it of tb
flesh of Christ, or no?
Query 35. Are not the wicked of the see
and flesh of the serpent? Is not that tb
body of flesh, of sin, of death, which is to t
put off? And are not they who are renewe
in spirit, of the seed and flesh of Christ ?
not that the body or garment of holiness,
righteousness, of life, which is to be put on
(^uery 36. Is it not as necessary that tb
eternal word be made flesh invvardly, that 6
the children maj' feed on Him, as it was fc
Him to take on Him an outward bod}'
flesh, to suffer and die for them, and to fulf
all righteousness, bjth of the law of the le
ter, and of the law of the Spirit in ?
Query 37. Is there not that which spirit!
ally is called Sodom and Egypt? And do nc
they which dwell there, instead of eatin
Christ's flesh, and drinking his blood, put h
flesh to pain, crucifying it in and to the
selves, trampling under foot the Son of Go;
and counting the blood of the covenar
unholy thing? Read the figure. Did nc
outward Israel suffer in outward Egypt ? Di
not just Lot suffer in Sodom? Doth not tb
spiritual seed suffer in and by spiritual Egypt
Doth not the flesh of the holy and just Oe
suffer in and by spiritual Sodom ?
Query 38. What is that which the GcntiL
Christians, who are not Jews inward, cireun
cised in heart and spirit, who know not tb
inward temple (the place of the true Jew
worship, where they worship the Father i
Spirit and truth), but only worship in th
outward court, which God hath cast ofl', an
left out of his measure, Rev. xi. 2. I saj
what is that holy city which these Gentile
ead under foot forty-two months? Is
the church which is of the flesh and bones c
Christ, or no?
He that knoweth the substance, the seed (
the kingdom, the birth of the Spirit, knowet^
the flesii and blood which is of the seed. An,
this flesh is flesh indeed, this blood is blooi
indeed, even the flesh and blood of the seedi
nature; but the other was but the flesh anj
blood of our nature, which He honored i;
taking upon Him, in which He did the wil
in which He offered up the acceptable sacr!
flee ; but j-et did not give the honor from h j
flesh and blood to it. For the flesh and bloo|
of our nature was not his own naturally-, bt,
only as Ho pleased to take it upon Him an
make it his. But that whereof He formot
us, aud which He giveth us to eat and driul
is the flesh and blood of his own nature ; an
this was it wherein was the virtue, and when
iu is the virtue, life, aud power for ovo:
Happy, oh hap]jy is he who is of it, who
taken out of and formed of Him, (as Eve wi
of Adam), and so becomes flesh of his flcsi
THE FRIEND.
55
d bono of his bone! Then will he know
^ ..ij-stery of life, feed on the thing itself,
d not stumble about appearances and ex-
essions, as those that are out of and from
e thing itself do, thi'ough the darkness of
eir mind, and becau^e of their ignorance of
e thing spoken of in the Scriptures.
The Poor, Poorer.
It is constantly said by those who make a
ide of awakening the discontent of the
Drking man, of arraying one class against
e other, that the whole tendency of modern
vilization is to make the rich richer and the
lor poorer. The assertion has no doubt so
uch of a basis as this ; the rich are proba-
y richer; that is to s:iy, their wealth ena-
es them to purchase more than it would
ive done two hundred, three hundred years
The rich man of to-day travels more
^sily and rapidly, has more comforts in his
)use, and has better care when he is sick,
lan had the king of England or Spain or
ranee in the 17th century.
But on the other hand, we believe it to be
ue, and to be susceptible of proof, that the
)or man is not poorer, but richer than he was
any previous period. We mean taking it
1 a large scale ; of course during the present
ipression the working men, in common with
?erbody el>e, are poorer than they were
iring the flush times which preceded 1873.
ut we believe that during the first three
larters of the 19th century th» working
an has been better off than he was during
le 18th, or the 17th century ; and that the
fference in comfort between the working
an and the capitalist is less than it was.
We can hardly do better than refer to a
w of the facts gathered by Macaulay and
ted in the celebrated 3d chapter of his his-
iry. He arrives at the conclusion that
'in the reign of Charles the Second, the
dinary wages of the peasant did not exceed
■lur shillings a week; but in some parts of
'le kingdom, five shillings, six shillings, and,
bring the summer months, even seven shil-
'jag», were paid. At present a district where
' laboring man earns only seven shillings a
reek is thought to be in a state shocking to
'umanity. The average is very much higher;
hd, in prosperous counties, the weekly wages
f husbandmen amount to twelve, fourteen,
nd even sixteen shillings.
Again, as to another class of laborers:
In the couise of a hundred and twenty
ears, the daily earnings of the bricklayer
ave risen from half a crown to four and ten-
ence, those of the mason from half a crown
3 five and threepence, those of the carpenter
'om half a crown to five and fivepence, and
bose of the plumber from three shillings to
ve and sixpence.
And further:
It seems clear, therefore, that the wages of
ibor, estimated in money, were, in 1685, more
lan half of what they now are ; and there
■ere few articles important to the working
lan of which the price was not, in 1685, more
lan half what it now is. Beer was undoubt
dly much cheaper in that age than at pre-
jnt. Meat was also cheaper, but it was still
0 dear that there were hundreds of thousands
f families who scarcely knew the taste of it.
n the cost of wheat there has been very lit-
ie change. The average price of the quar-
3r, during the last twelve years of Charles
he Second, was fifty shillings. Bread, there-
fore, such as is now given to the inmates of a
workhouse, was then seldom seen, even on
the trencher of a yeoman or of a shopkeeper.
The great majority of the nation lived almost
entirely on rye, barley, and oats.
The produce of tropical countries, the pro-
duce of the mines, the produce of machiner3',
was positively dearer than at present. Among
the commodities for which the laborer would
have had to pay higher in 1685 than his pos-
terity pay in 1878, were sugar, salt, coals,
candles, soap, shoes, stockings, [we might add
tea and cotiee], and generally all articles of
clothing and all articles of bedding. It may
be added, that the old coats and blankets
would have been, not onlj' more costly, but
less serviceable than the modern labrics.
And again, as to the comforts of life :
The street which now affords to the artizan,
during the whole night, a secure, a convenient,
a brilliantlj- lighted walk, was a hundred and
sixty years ago, so dark after sunset that he
would not have been able to see his hand, so
ill paved that he would have ran constant
risk of breaking his neck, and so ill watched
that he would have been in imminent danger
of being knocked down and plundered of his
small earnings. Every bricklayer who falls
from a scaffold, every sweeper of a crossing
who is run over by a carriage, now may have
his wounds dressed and his limbs set with a
skill such as, a hundred and sixty years ago,
all the wealth of a great lord like Ormond,
or of a merchant prince like Clayton, could
not have purchased.
The rich and the poor are more nearly on
a level as to all the comforts of life than ever
before. Queen Mary of England died less
than two centuries ago of the small pox ; as
also did Louis XV of France, a century later.
The poorest artizan now h-.is an absolute safe-
guard from this disease. Charles II of Eng-
land was tortured as he lay dying by the
ignorant physician of his da}'. The hod-
carrier of today, sick of the same disease,
enjoj-s a degree of care and skill for which
that worthless monarch might have longed in
vain. If the poor man is sick, his familj' can
be summoned as quickly as the rich man's;
if he wishes to travel, he can travel as speedi-
ly and as safel}- as the rich man ; if he wishes
to write to his son who has emigrated to
Nebraska, his letter goes in the s;ime mail
with that to the rich man's son. The news-
paper, the book, the ten thousand sources of
enlargement of the mind and the soul, which
were hopelessly beyond the reach of the
laborer of two hundred years ago, are en-
joyed daily by the humblest artizan.
The poor are not growing poorer; the ad-
vance of civilization is in their favor; and we
thank God for it. — National Baptist.
The enemy, as he bath ever done, seeketh
to cast down when he cannot set people up;
he trieth every way, so far as he is permitted,
(for his power is limited,) to disturb, to dis-
courage, and any way be can to hinder the
Lord's work, the work of salvation, from go-
ing forward ; but our gracious and Almighty
Helper, He is the Prince of Peace, aud He
delighteth to encourage, to strengthen, to lift
up the hands that hang down, and to "con-
firm th« feeble knees:" He will give peace to
those who love Him, and the victory to all
who follow Him; O! saith my soul, that all
those who know and love Him, who is the
true Shepherd, who offered up himself a pro-
pitiatory sacrifice for Iheir complete redemp-
tion, that all who believe in Him might be
strengthened, at all times to put their whole
trust in Him, for they who trust in Him shall
never be confounded , and to all these He is
saying again and again, for their encourage-
ment, •' Fear not, little flock, for it is your
Father's good pleasure to give you the king-
dom." Jo'llN TUORP.
THE FRIEND.
NINTH MONTH
William Penn speaks of the doctrine of the
Light of Christ in the heart as God's gift for
man's salvation, as being the rorA of the goodly
tree of doctrines which the Society of Friends
professed and published to the world.
That man should be taught his duties bj'
Divine illumination, without the necessity of
outward instruction, was foretold in the pro-
phetic declarations of ancient time, as one of
the glories of the Christian dispensation : "It
shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour
out my spirit upon all flesh." "All thy chil-
dren shall be taught of the Lord, and great
shall be the peace of thy children." "Behold
the days come, saith the Lord, that I will
make anew covenant with the house of Israel
and with the house of Judah. . I will put
mj' law in their inward parts, and write
it in their hearts. . And they shall teach
no more everj- man his neighbor, and every
man his brother, saying. Know the Lord ; for
they shull all know me from the least of them
unto the greatest of them, saith the Lord."
Our Saviour, when personally on earth, told
his disciples, that the Father would send unto
them in His name, the Comforter, even the
Spirit of Truth, which should teach them all
things. "He will guide you into all truth."
The Apostle John declares the same doc-
trine in explicit language, when he tells the
Church, — "The anointing which ye have re-
ceived of Him, abideth in you, and ye need
not that any man teach you ; but as the same
anointing teachfth you of all things, and is
truth and no lie." And again, "Ye have an
unction from the Holy One, and j-e know all
things."
This doctrine of the Light of Christ, thus
foretold by the prophets, and proclaimed by
Christ and his apostles, was prominently held
up to view in the writings and teachings of
the early members of this Society. It was
not, with them, a mere theoretical belief.
They had known Christ by his Spirit to shine
into their hearts, showing them their fallen
state and making them feel that the Divine
displeasure rested ou all unrighteousness. By
embracing this heavenly visitation and yield-
ing to its influence, they had been enabled to
forsake their sins, to repent of them, and to
seek that forgivness of God, which is freely
extended to the penitent through the atoning
sacrifice of the Redeemer of men. They Wnew
by experience, that true faith in the Saviour
is not an ordinary mental operation which
can be exercised at our own pleasure, but that
it is wrought in us by the operation of the
Holy Spirit, as we submit thereto ; agreeably
to the declaration of Christ himself, " No man
can come unto me, except the Father which
sent me draw him."
Hence it was that the}' were led so earnest-
ly and persistently to exhort and plead with
56
THE FRIEND.
their hearers, not to sh'ght tho visitations of
Divine grace to their souls; but to heed th
Light of Clirist which, shining in their hearts,
would show them the way of salvation, and
would give thorn strength to walk therein.
And thej^ were bold in declaring that there
was no other way, in which they could come
to be redeemed from sin, and made partakers
of God's salvation — even as the Apostle John
testified — "7/' ice walk in the Light, as God is
in the Light, we have fellowship one with
another, and the blood of Jesus Christ, his
Son, cleanseth us from all sin."
From this doctrine, proceeded their manner
of worship. For, when they were met to-
gether for Divine worship, which our Saviour
declared must be in Spirit, they were con-
vinced that they could not offer acceptable
praise to the Almighty without His assist-
ance. So they sat together in silence with
their minds turned inwards to the Spirit of
Christ, waiting to feel his power warming
their hearts, and preparing an offering that
would be accepted by the Most High.
The exercise of Gospel Ministry among
them was regulated by tho same doctrine.
For, as the^^ believed Christ to be the ever-
present Leader and Teacher of his people,
tbey recognized as true ministers those only
who were empowered and commissioned by
Him, and who spoke in the ability which Ho
gave.
As they came to experience the saving effi-
cacy of the work of the Spirit— the true bap-
tism of Christ — they were enabled to see that
John's water baptism, which was to decrease
and pass awaj', is no longer essential to be
observed. And being favored to partake of
true spiritual communion with the Saviour,
they had no Tieed of the outward symbols of
bread and wine, which are but a shadow of
the true substance.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — Latest reports from the South
confirm the Iiope that the epidemic is abating, and
several towns have given information .that they will
need no further aid. Thus far about sixty per cent, of
the cases have resulted in death.
The Department of State is in receipt of information
from the U. S. consul at Port Sarnia, which states, that
for the year ending 0th mo. oUth, 1878, 30,610 emi-
grants have passed through that port, seeking homes in
the United States. Of thi< mimlicr, l(!,lSo were Cana-
dians from the provim f Onlai in and Quebec. These
Canadians were principallv ai,'rk-iiliiiii^ts, carrying with
them to their new lioau's thiir liuusuhold eti'eots, agri-
cultural implements, and in many cases sufficient money
to purchase farms ; so tliat the consul considers they
may be regarded as a valuable addition to the ranks of
American industry.
The reports of the supervisors of steam vessels show
a marlced improvement in that branch of the service
during the past year. The losses by disaster on the water,
reported for this year, are increased by the dreadful
sacrifice of life on the wreck of the Metropolis. Exchi-
sive of this, the losses will not reach one hundred. On
the waters of the Missisiippi, there is marked improve-
ment; which is largely attributable to the vigorous
action of tlie New Orleans Supervisor, in refusing to
grant licenses to men addicted to drunkenness, and also
to the vigorous enforcement of the law of 1871 in the
testinf of boiler plates. The service on the Delaware
has also improved. At New York the number of boiler
explosions has been exceptionally large, owing chiefly
to carelessness.
It is stated that on the 10th inst., the first train on
the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railro.ad, reanhod
Trinidad. It is the intention to have the locomotive
reach Los Vegas by 4lh m,i. I87y. No hall will lir
Ml«i
llH-lo|,
nl' ll„. 1, main's, lli,. ..
300 fee-
tu the milu, and will l,c
enguiu.-
especially designed fur th
Over 2,000 acres of corn were destroyed in the Scioto
valley by the recent Hoods.
During the recent rise in the rivers, 7,000,000 bushels
of coal were shipped from Pittsburg.
The cotton crop of America, for the years 1877-78,
is reported by the National Cotton Exchange at 4,773,-
865 bales.
Indiana has a school fund larger than that of any
other State in the Union. It has increased $40,000
RECEIPTS.
Received from James W. Haines and George Ha
Jr., N. J., S2.10 each, vol. 52 ; from John Tyler, N.
$2.10, vol. 52; from Margaret Robinson, Gtn., %%
vol. 52 ; from Enoch S. Zellev, N. J., S2.10, vol. {
from David Stephen, O., $2.10, vol. 52 ; for Martha
Scott, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from John Aikins, Pa., $2.
vol. 52, and for Rachel McClain, $2.10, to No. 13,
53; from Thomas Woolman, City, $2, vol. 52; fr.
James R. Kite, Agent, O., for David Ball, Hannah
Penrose, Thomas Llewelyn, Jason Penrose, Sami
Fawcett, Jesse Dewees, Joseph Masters, Samuel Kii
Richard Penro.se, David Masters, William Pick
Robert Milhous, and Mary Wilson, *2.10 each.
thin a year, and now amounts to $8,007,095.
The Chinese Embassy has arrived in Washington
and will be presented to the President upon his return
to the capitol. The embassy consists of Chin Lan Pin,
first Plenipotentiary; Yung Wing, second Plenipoten- ,,,„„, „xnnous, auu mary „i,so.i, .t^.
^^%} o- ^''''' ^^^ ^: ^""c?' Secretaries of Legation; 52, from Dr. Isaac Huestis, Agent, O., for Flemi
D. W. Bartlett, American Secretary, and attaches and Crew, Henry Crew, and Joseph Dondna, $2.10 (
servants. The chief ambassador, with part of his suite, yol. 52 ; from Mark Ballinger, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52, a
wil soon go to Spain and Peru to organize the Chiriese for Charles Ballinger, $2.10, vol. 52 ; from James
diplomatic__s_ervice in those countries. He will then' Cooper, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Thomas B. Hoop
Lettice Thompson, Debor.ah P. Chambsrs, and Cell
T. Pratt, $2.10 each, vol. 52; from Elhanm Zook, P
those countries. He will then'
n to Washington, to remain there as Minister
Plenipotentiary.
There were 273 deaths in this city during the past
week — 130 adults and 143 child
Seven steamships .sailed from New Y''ork for Europe
on the 21st. Live stock continues to be a prominent
feature of the freight— of which there were 583 horned
cattle, 380 sheep, and 27 horses.
Markets, cfec- American gold lOO.V. U. S. sixes 1881,
108J; 5-20 coupons, 1865, 103; do. 1867, lOo.i; do!
1868, 107 J ; new 5's, 106J- ; new 4} per cents, 103!!" ; new
4 per cents, 101.
Cotton.— Middlings sold in lots at lU a llj cts. per
pound.
Petroleum. — Crude, 7J cts. in barrels, and standard
white, at 10 cts. for export, aud 13 a 13i cts. per gallon
for home use.
Flour. — Minnesota extra, $5 a $5..50; Penna. and
western, do. 5r5 a $5.25 ; patent, $6.75 a $8.50.
Grain. — Choice red wheat, 98 cts. a $1.06 ; amber,
$1.07, and white, $1.10. Rye, 58 a 60 cts. Corn, 50 a
53 cts. Oats, choice white, 32 a 33 cts. ; mixed, 26 a
28 cts. per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts., per
100 pounds ; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. ; straw, 45 a 55 cts,
Beef cattle, 3i a 5| cts. per lb. Sheep, -U a 5 cts. per
lb. Hogs, 5} a 6J cts. per lb.
Foreign. — The first instalment of the French con-
tribution for the relief of the yellow fever suflerers in
the United States, amounting to $6,000, was remitted
on the 16th inst.
The influx of visiters to Paris is reported very large,
all the hotels and lodging houses being full. The a
rival of strangers registered during the past fortnight
number upwards of 60,000.
Abundant rain in the northern provinces of China,
have ended the fears of a continuance of the famine
Ho.stile demonstrations have been made against th
English missionaries in the interior of the province of
Tokien. The Viceroy of Nankin has ordered the con-
fi.sc.ation of houses devoted to opium smoking. The
Viceroy of the Chihili provinces has arranged for the
construction of a railroad between Tientsin and Kiku,
and a telegraph i.s projected.
The last census in Japan shows a steady increase,
the total being 34,338,404. According to the last re-
port of the Postm.aster-General of Japan, the postal
correspondence of the island.s, for 1877, included 22,-
053,034 ordinary and 606,354 registered letters, 0,764,-
272 postal cards, and 7,872,536 newspapers. The in-
crease in the number of newspapers, over 1876, was 46
per cent., and 100 per cent, over 1875.
Advices from Senegal state that the yellow fever has
almost ceased there and in Goree, where it has been
epidemic since midsummer. The Asiatic cholera has
appeared in the cities of Mequinez and Fez, Morocco,
and causes 20 to 30 deaths daily in the former place.
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Died, at her residence, near Muscatine, Iowa, on th-
2Sth of 8th mo. 1V7S, Km/\i,i:tii Carr, relict of th
• nf llirk,„v'iu-,,v.- M,a,tl,lv' M, -el i ng_"*of ' Friends
riiii^li(,nl 111 r illiu--^ slie u.-i, favored with calmnes;
and consciousness, and previous to her clo.se cxpressei
that the prospect of release was peaceful.
late .1
ber nf
Tl.rnu
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TENTH MONTH 5, 1878.
NO. 8.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
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t For "The Friend.'*
IncidciiLs and Reflections.— No. 18.
CALMNESS I.\ DANGER.
I There are many anecdotes on record, show-
ig the quiet calmness with which the Lord
ften favors His servants in times of apparent
arii^or. Thou<rh outward peril seems very
real, yet He often enables them to adopt the
inguage of the Psalmist, "The Lord is my
ght and mj' salvation; whom shall I fear?
'he Lord is the strength of ray iiCo; of whom
ball I be afraid?" Ho who can truly say,
One thing have I desired of the Lord, that
•ill I seek after; that I may dwell in the
oase of the Lord all the daj's of my life, to
ehold the beauty of the Lord and to inqiire
1 His temple;" will have ground to hope for
be fulfilment of the declaration, " In the time
f trouble He shall hide me in His pavillion ;
1 the secret of His tabernacle, shall He hide
le."
When Nicholas Wain and David Bacon, of
'hiladelphia, were crossing the ocean to Eng-
md on a religious visit, a violent storm arose,
3 that the captain thought they niU'^t inevit-
bly perish. After exerting himself to the
est of his ability to save the ship, he thought
; best to inform the passengers of their peril-
us situation, and of the fate which he thought
waited them. On entering the cabin, he
)und David Bacon enjoying his pipe, and the
wo Friends engaged in pleasant converse,
rhen he had communicated his message, his
assengers remained composed and placid ;
nd Nicholas remarked, that he supposed it
ras as easy to travel to Heaven by water as
y land.
The vessel weathered the storm, the visit
iras paid, and they returned in safety to their
ative land ; but the quiet resignation to the
)ivine will of these good men made a strong
iipression on the mind of the captain.
After Nicholas Wain had returned from
his visit to England, he did not speak in the
ray of ministry in meetings for worship for
ome time. One day, when this had been the
ase, as Friends were walking homeward fi'om
he house, Sarah Mifflin remarked to a com-
lanion, that she wondered why Nicholas
Vain was so silent. He happened to be near
ler and heard the remark; and quickly step-
ling to her side, said, "I can tell thee why.
ily Master has given me a holj'-day."
Thomas Story mentions in his j^jurual that
vhen travelling on a religious visit in the
Southern States of America, — " The company
was taken with the greatest storm of light-
ning, thunder and rain, that ever I remember
I hud been in before; insomuch that the fire
and water seemed to be commixed in their
descending upon us, and the thunder so sharp
and sonorous, and so near, as if it had been
bombs splitting among us; so that I, being
the second in the company, looked back
several times to see if any were slain behind ;
and it was attended with a stifling smell of
sulphur. The storm abating a little, it was
quickly renewed with equal show of terror :
so that we had it along for the space of about
eight miles in the first, and three in the lattei^,
u a very dreadful manner ; but the Lord pre-
served us from all harm. And though 1 was
a little concerned at the first approaches of so
terrible threatenings by an irresistible power,
though from natural causes; yet feeling the
Creator near, who ordains it, and that His
all-ruling authority was above and over it and
all things, I was much comforted in Him, in
the time of the most apparent danger: For
which I was greatly thankful to the Lord,
d for our preservation ; for we observed that
several great trees bad been shattered to
pieces by it; and so we got safe to Robert
Jordan's that evening. But another storm,
with much thunder and rain, coming on in
the night, awakened the family, and some of
them were much terrified, the thunder break-
ng out near the house ; but upon my retiring
nward, I had great peace in the good pres-
ence of the Lord, and His holy love ejected
all fears."
John Richardson, in the course of his many
travels by sea and land, was several times ex-
posed to great danger; but preserved his
presence of mind in a remarkable degi-ee.
He thus relates one peril which he encount-
ered when crossing the James' River in Vir-
ginia :
Now wo came to ferry over the river,
being, as I remember, five horses and nine
people; there was Jane Pleasant a public
Friend, and her man servant who rid before
her upon a great horse, and high in flesh ;
and about the midst of the river, it being two
miles over, he rose upon his hind feet, and
flung himself upon the edge or gunnel of the
boat, half into the river ; the fall of the horse,
and the motion of the other horses thereu|)on,
caused the boat to make such sallies that it
took in water, and was very likely to sink :
But before he could have time to rise again,
or to make any more springs, I took several
young men by the shoulders, and flung them
upon his neck to keep him down, and told
them, as fast as I could, why I did so. Now
I had to deal with the ferryman, who was
about to strip for swimming, and said we
should all be drowned; but for his part he
could swim; and was about to leap into the
river, for, he said, the boat would either break
or sink. I told him, it was soon enough for
him to swim, when he saw the boat either
break or sink, and if he would not row, then
I would. With much entreatj' ho took the
oar again, and rowed us to the shore. But
in our imminent danger, I looked over ray
tender friends (for so they appeared to me),
and thought in my heart, what a pity it
would be, if all these were drowned! Yet the
thought of my own drowning never entered
my mind, until I was got over the river,
which was a mercy to me, and a great means
to keep out disorder and confusion, which com-
monly attend sudden surprises and frights,
or else they make people dead-hearted and
almost senseless." On this occurrence, he
makes these judicious comments: "As I had
now an occasion to observe, as well as in some
imminent dangers I had seen before, where I
happened to be, I find it an excellent thing to
be, as much as we can, always ready; anil by
being frequently thinking upon death, it is
not so surprising when it does come."
In 1701 Thomas Story visited New Eng-
land, at a time of great distress from the In-
dian war then raging. He says, "It was a
dismal time indeed in those parts ; for no man
knew in an ordinary way, when the sun set
that ever it should arise upon him any more;
or, lying down to sleep, but his first waking
might be in eternity, by a s:ilutation in the
face with a hatchet, or a bullet from the gun
of a merciless savage ; who, from wrongs re-
ceived, as they too justly say, from the pro-
fessors of Christ in New England, are to this
d.aj' enraged, as bears bereaved of their cubs,
sparing neither age nor sex." Yet the faith-
ful members of the Society of Friends, " trust-
ing in the Lord, neither used gun nor garri-
son, sword, buckler nor spears ; the Lord alone
being their strong tower and place of refuge
and defence ; and great was their peace, safety
and comfort in Han."
After a meeting at Salisbury, he lodged at
Henry Dow's, on the edge of a great swamp or
thicket, " where," he says, " thei^e was neither
gun, nor sword, nor any weapon of war, but
truth, faith, the fear of God, and love, in a
humble and resigned mind; and there I rested
with consolation."
This family had recently met with a severe
afilictioD, which is thus related. " The mother
of Henry Dow's wife, being a Friend of a
blameless life, and living in this same house
with them, let in reasonings against their
continuing in a place of so much apparent
danger, and frequently urged them to remove
into the towu, where the garrison was, that
they might lodge there in the night for safety,
as many others, and some Friends did ; which
her daughter could never be fi-ee to do, be-
lieving, that if they let in any slavish fear, or
distrust in the arm and protection of the
Lord, some very hard thing would befal them ;
till at length her mother said to her, that if
she could say she had the mind of the Lord
against it, (being a minister, though young),
she would rest satisfied ; but nothing less
than that could balance so rational fears in so
58
THE FRIEND.
t bvious danger. But the young woman being
modest, cautious and prudent, dursl not as-
sume posiiively to place her aversion to theii'
removal so high ; but at length she and her
husband complied with the mother, and they
removed to the town, to a house near the
garrison ; where the young woman vvas con
slantly troubled with tVighU'ul surprising fears
of the Indians; though, while ut. the house
by the swamp, she was free from it and quiet.
" But the mother, having left some small
things in the house by the swamp, was going
early in the morning to fetch them, and, by
some Indians in ambush near the town in her
way, was killed. And the same morning a
j-oung man, a Fi-iend, and tanner bj' trade,
t;oing from the town to his work, with a gun
in his hand, and another with him without
any, the Indians shot him who had the gun,
but hurt not the other; and when they knew
the young man thej' had killed was a Friend,
they seemed to be sorry for it, but blamed
him for carrying a gun : For they kncvv the
Quakers would not tight, nor do them any
harm; and therefore by carrying a gun, they
took him for an enemJ^
" When the town was alarmed, the young
woman concluded her mother was slain, (bui
it was not by shot, but a blow on the head),
but did not go into the garrison, but took one
of her children in each hand, and went with
themintoaswamporthicket, full of reeds, near
the place; where all her tormenting fear lett
her, and she was then greatly comforted and
strengthened in the presence of the Lird, and
confirmed in her thoughts, that they should
not have left their house for her mother's
fears, though reasonable in human view.
" The loss of the mother was much lament-
ed by the eon and daughter, and others; but
as soon as her body was interred, they went
back with their liltle children to the same
])lace by the swamp; where I lodged with
them and they gave me this relation."
Evolution, or tlic llieory of the uatufal devi!lo|):neiil
of forms of organic life from lowijr or antfrior
forms or types.
From a work entitled " Present Cjnjiict of Sciewe
with the Christian Belujlon," by Herbert W.
'Morris, A. M.
(Coatiaaed from pago 51. j
Again : the qualifying term of the process
— -"insensibly." The reader will not fail to
notice ihat this word begs the whole question.
If we may be allowed this insensible-gtada-
tiou argument, we can prove whatsoever we
])lease. Two beings, or two objects, cannot
be conceived so distinct, or so dissimilar, or
so heterogeneous, but give us " a few millions
of years," and plent^^ of "environment," we
can, wiih tbo use of this kind of logic, prove
the one to have been developed from the
other; wo can prove that the ant is a de-
scendant of the rhinoceros, and that the but-
terfly is the offs])ring of the whale— lot us but
"imagine" a descending series of sufficient
length having existed between them, and the
demonstration is complete; in short, we can
prove that the circle has been developed from
the triangle, that tvvo parallels can meet, and
that a straight line may return upon itself
and enclose a space.
"This old fallac}'," observes Max Miiller,
"of first imagining a continuous scale, and
then pointing out its indivisibility, affects
more or lo.ss all .systems of philosophy which
wish to gel rid of specific distinctions. The ad-
mission of this insensible graduation would
eliniiijate, ndt only the difference between ape
and man, but likewise between black and
white, hot and cold, a high and low note in
music; in fact, it would do avvay with the
possibility of all exact and definite knowl-
edge, by removing those wonderful lines and
laws of nature, which change the Chaos into
a Kosraos, the Infinite into the P'inite, and
which enable us to count, to tell, and to
know."
Leaving the argument, let us now inquire
after the " Series." This began, wo are told,
with an offshoot oftho"01d World Monkeys."
This ape-like creature had its off -spring, more
or less; these, in like manner, had their off-
springs; and these again had theirs; and so
on. Now, we wish to ask, did the successive
generations forming these lines of desc 'nt all
travel gi-adually toward the goal of humanity,
or only one of them ?
If all made upward progress, then, their
progress being by '-fortuitous variation," some
would advance slower and some faster than
others; so that, at length, as the foremost
emerged into distinct manho id, others would
be short of that point, some, say, one-tenth,
some two-tenths, some three-tenths, and so
OQ all the way down to those which had
made no perceptible progress. Hence man
should have found co-existing with him a
regular gradation of beings, descending on
every side from himself down to the ape.
But no such gradation exists; between man
and his nearest living ally is an •' immeasura-
ble gulf."
If it be said that only one series ascended
toward manhood ; then, in this case, that one
in the course of its upward progress must
have thrown out branches th^ic were con-
tinually in advance of the previous ones, and
others in advance of these, and so on all the
way to pure manhood; we should, therefore,
even from a single series, still have among
us at the present day a gradation of animals
down to the ape like creature. But by com-
mon consent no such a graduated series is to
be found.
If, to escape from this difBculty, it be said,
as Darwin does, that all the branches of this
series together with their offsprings have
perished, except the single one that ripened
into manhood — then we would ask, Since each
generation in the series of man's progenitors,
from the " hairy quadruped" to man himself,
must havo been in advance and bettor fitted
to maintain its position in the world, than
any which preceded it, how perished all these,
while more monkeys, which had made no
progress at all, still survive and flourish ?
Hero, Darwin in his efforts to escape from
Scylla falls into Charybdis — according to his
theory, the fittest should have survived ; but
according to his facts, the fittest have perished.
Tho intermediate series of animal forms
between Man and tho apo have perished and
becomo extinct, we are told — here tho very
thing to be proved is gratuitously assumed ;
wo must have ovidenco that tho series over
existed, before we can believe that it has
perished. But admitting for the moment,
that they havo all perished, wo ask, how is
this accounted for? AVo demand that some
reason be assigned for such a remarkable oc-
curronco. Tho number of forms in that series
must havo boon exceeding groat — tho moro
" insensible" the process, the greater tho num-
ber of forms. 2^ow wo ask Darwinians to ac-
count for this fact, for fact it must be, if the I
h3'pothesi8 be true, that all these myriads r
intermediate forms, without a single exceji
tion, have become extinct, while the first anl
the last links, the ape and the man, still sul
vive. Why have we no species of living cre:|
ture half wa3', or some other part of the wajl
between these ? Why is not the vast gap on
cupied by moro or less of these supposed nij
merous intermediate forms, seeing that mani
feebler animals, that must have been eontea'
porary with every one of these links, still liv!
and multiply on the earth ? To this questio
thej' can return no satisfactory answer wha
ever — here their theory breaks down — fci
the assumption they make to support it, the^
can offer no reason, nor the shadow of ro;;
son.
If it is still insisted that they have nerishei
and become extinct, then we a^k for the
bones, or at least for their /os.5i7s. Can thes
be produced? None of them. What repl
then is made to the demand for them ? Nor
other than this evasive one, " The discover
of fossil remains has always been an extrem
ly slow and fortuitous process." Have nj
fossil remains, then, of any kind been foun.
which can be produced, in support of th
theory, either of the immediate or remolj
progenitors of man? Let Darwin answer-j
"The great chasm between Man and h
nearest allies cannot be bridged over by an
extinct or living species."* Thus the su|j
porters of the development hypothesis fa
not only to produce the organic chain, whic
they say connects man with the ape, but the
cannot produce even a fossil link of that chai
It is entirely obvious, hence, that we aij
warranted to conclude, that this " intormedi
ate series of animal forms between'Mm ani
the ape" never existed, save in tho im'igin<\
tion of those who hold to it ; and that tbj
whole train of reasoning by which it is ai
tempted to support this theorj- is illogioai
inconclusive and unsatisfactory to tho lati
degree. |
There are absolutely no facts either amoni
the developements of Geology, or in the wri;
ten History of the past, or in the actual E;)
perience of the present, that can be referre;
to in proof of the descent of mm from an apn
like creature. There is nothing within ttj
compass of human observation or research, ti
indicate that man, as we travel backward
into the past, will bo found to descend towarj
the ape in mind or body. We of tho preson'
with all our boasted advantages, do not poi
sess any native mental powers superior l|
those of the earliest periods of human hi
tory. Neither Darwin nor Professor Huxlo;,
wo presume, would venture to affirm thij
Seneca, ilarcus Antonius, Cloanthes, Ari
totlo, Plato, Homer, and many others, wei
not in this respect fully abreast of ourselvo
And if we recede far beyond the utmost lim
of tho historic period, and examine the mo:
ancient human remains that have thus ft
been discovered, wo shall find no materis
diminution in tho size of the cranium or brail
case of men. A Swiss skull of what is calle
tho "Stone Ago," found in tho lake dwellin
of Meilen, corresponds exactly to that of
Swiss youth of the present day. Tiio celi
bratod Neanderthal skull exhibits a fair cii
eumferonce and capacity, fully equal to thos
given by Morion to tho Polyosiau races of th
* Man's Plice in Nature, p. 181.
THE FRIEND.
ire?onl day; and Professor Huxley* makes
hr i aiidid acknowledgment in regard to it,
hat, '• in no sense can the Neanderthal bones
le regarded as the remains of a human being
termediate between Men and Apes." The
5ngis skull, doubtless the very oldest known,
nd which according to Sir John Lubbock
here seems no doubt was really contempo-
•ary with the Mammoth and the Cave Bears,
I yet perfectly human in all its proportions.
Its measurements," says Huxley, " agree
veU with those of some European skulls.
Lnd assuredly there is no mark of degrada-
on about anj' part of its structure. It is, in
act, a fair average human skull, which might
ave belonged to a philosopher. In eonclu-
ion, I may say, that the fossil remains of
[an hitherto discovered do not seem to me
.0 take us appreciably nearer to the ape form."!
(To be continned.)
For"Tbe Friend"
Epistle of Ambrose Rigge.
(Concluded from pago 50.)
And let j'oung men and women have a care
)0w they look out at the glory of the world,
^here is the lust of the ej-e and the pride of
ife, which are not of God, lest they be en-
inared with them ; as were the young men of
,he Hebrews, with the daughters of Moab,
l,vhich brought a plague upon Israel of old, j
by which twenty-four thousand fell. These
things were written for our learning, that wo
should not tempt God, as some of them terapt-
id him, and were destroyed.
And wait upon the Lord in faith and pa-
tience, and he will give you whatsoever is
needful for you, in his own due time ; and that
with a blessing added. This 1 have learned
by long and good experience, and recommend
it to you as a brotherly caution, not to seek j
lawful things by unlawful means; for that is!
not good in the sight of God. But let the I
lamp of righteousness go before j'ou, in all
outward undertakings, by which all snares
which may be laid in the way, may be avoid-
ed, and you preserved in the dominion of that
life and power, which subdueth all things;
which ai'e not of God. And be not lifted up I
into high-mindedness, if the world's riches in-
crease upon you ; for it is not always a sign
of the favor of God. And be not cast down
when they are taken away ; for it is not al-
ways a sign of his displeasure, but may be for
the trial of your faith, patience and constancy
in him, whose hand giveth and taketh away,
according to the good pleasure of his heavenly
will; unto which all his true-born children
truly and patiently submit, and say, " Thy
will be done in earth, as it is done in heaven."
And walk in Him, j'our heavenlj' head, you
who are elders, fathers and mothers of fami-
lies, as examples of gravity, temperance and
modesty ; and be careful and watchful over
your children, in their young and tender
years; and beware of letting them alone, with-
out due and loving reproof, for the least ap-
pearance of evil, in w-ord or deed ; for so is the
will of God concerning yon, to whom he hath
given power in their younger years, to re-
strain every appearance of evil in them. For
they are of your loins, and you must be ac-
countable for their evils, till they know, and
be made sensible of the Spirit of Truth in
themselves ; which, when they come to the
* Descent of 3Ian, Vol. I., p, 200.
t Man's Place in Nature, pp. 181-183.
knowledge of, and by you are recommended
thereunto, if they turn aside therefrom, either
to the right or left hand, 3'ou are so far clear,
and their miscarriages will lie at their own
door; and their reward will be, as those who
know the Truth and do it not, to be beaten
with raanj- stripes.
There is a great obligation on parents, to
bring up their children in the nurture and ad-
monition of the Lord, the next to thankfulness
for the gift of them ; for they arc blessings to
parents, when they grow up in the fear and
wisdom of God, and a crown of rejoicing to
their gray hairs. This I know by experience:
glory to God on high ! who hath not left me
destitute of his mercy in my old age. and hath
given me to see, in a large measure, the travail
of my soul in m^ young j-ears. He called me
by his grace,-near the first dawning of the
gospel day in our age, from my f\itber's house,
and inclined my heart to inquire after and
first seek the kingdom of God and his right-
eousness, with a promise to add all other
things necessary. This 1 have witnessed to
be fulfilled to this day ; having neither poverty
nor riches, but enough to sustain me, accord-
ing to my soul's desire ; that I might not make
my testimony for the Lord chargeable to any :
which hath been fully answered to this da}- ;
praises to his worthy and honorable name for
evermore.
And you, brethren, who are called and
chosen of God to minister bis living word, and
made stewards in his house, of his manifold
gifts ; let your conversation in every respect,
be as becomes the gospel of peace ; that it be
not blamed, nor its glory eclipsed, through
any uncomely behavior, either in the sight of
friends or enemies : this will crown your min-
istry with many jewels. And be not charge-
able, or difficult, nor more than needs be trou-
blesome to them to whom you minister. So
shall your ministry have room in the hearts of
manj' ; and j'Ou be instruments in the hand of
our great Master, to turn many to righteous-
ness ; having the promise of God for your re-
ward, to shine as the stars for ever and ever.
The consideration of this hath overbalanced
all my sufferings, and made them sweet and
pleasant to me, in ray long pilgrimage in this
world, from the beginning.
And let none be lifted up with their gifts,
or appear in any lordliness over the flock and
heritage of God; but in love, charity, and
brotherly kindness, you who are strong, bear
the infirmities of the weak ; considering that
our great Lord bare all our infirmities, and
took upon him the form of a servant; and his
servants are not greater than their Lord.
My dear brethren, a word to the wise is
enough : my brotherly love flows, as a foun-
tain, towards you all at this time; earnestly
desiring, that our ancient love and unity may
be daily increased and renewed among us : so
shall we be firm and strong against all oppo-
sition, both by the world and false brethren.
" For, from among ourselves have men arisen,
speaking perverse things, to draw disciples
after them ;" but they shall not proceed muc'
further, nor their weapons prosper; but their
folly shall appear to all whose eyes are kept
single.
For God will prosper his work and spread
his name in the earth ; and many shall yet
come to behold the rising of the Sun of right-
eousness in their hearts : for so shall the gos
pel day spring to all nations, and the minis
tration of the spirit of life in Christ Jesus,
shall exceed ie gloiy all that ever went before
it, and shall enrich the gentiles with righteous-
ness, and be the last and greatest that man-
kind shall be visited withal ; by which the
knowledge of the power and glory of God, in
due time, shall cover the earth, as the waters
do the sea.
Therefore, my beloved friends and brethren,
press forward uj) to your holy city, without
fainting and weariness; and so run, that 30
may obtain : and you will alwaj-s find the
Lord an open fountain in the waj-, who will
daily refresh your souls, and make j'ou as a
watered garden. The Lord God of all our
mercies be with us all, and bless and prosper
his work in our hands, to his eternal praise,
and our mutual joy and comfort for ever.
With the renewed salutation of my true love
to you all. I am
Your ancient friend and brother,
Ambrose Rigge.
Reg.ite in Surrer, the 4th of the Fifth mo. 1702.
For " The Friend."
letters, &c., of Margaret Morris.
(Continued from page 53.)
The following, from the pen of her grand-
son, John Jay Smith, introduces us to the in-
tei-esting correspondence and memoranda of
the latter years of Margaret Morris.
" The foregoing pages trace the career of
this pious and greatly beloved lady to a period
when age and weakness confined her almost
to her bed and chair; but the Comforter to
whom, during her life of trials, she had looked
with unfailing faith, was still her consolation.
Her namesake, Margaret, the youngest
daughter of Dr. Jno. Morris, whom she had
tenderly brought up from infancy, was her
companion and friend: placed in her arms
when her parents were called away in the
dreadful visitation of the yellow fever in 1793,
she was happy in calling one so every waj'
lovely, daughter, and the endearing title of
mother was bestowed on the grandmother, in
lieu of the natural title which neither of them
had ever learned to pronounce to their own
parent. A most touching picture of love on
the part of both, might daily be witnessed in
this her comfortable residence,* of the old
lady, now in the possession of pecuniarj- in-
dependence, who was remarkably cheerful,
amidst pain that would have spoiled the
temper of a less religions and guarded mind.
Her house was the resort of young relatives
who never entered it without a welcome, and
who were sure, not only of a cheering recep-
tion, but of liberal hospitality. Many pre-
ferred her society to that of younger persons.
My brother, cousin and myself, carried her to
Friends' meeting, but a few doors from her
dwelling, in the sedan chair mentioned in the
following correspondence. Though bent with
age and infirmity, she never failed to greet us
with a cheerful eye, and would exclaim, ' Ah !
here are my faithful ponies!' or 'Don't upset
the coach, boys!' We sat her carefully in her
seat, at the head of the second gallery, sup-
plying her, in winter, with a little footstool
with charcoal in it, on which to place her
small and delicate velvet slippers. Every day
her many friends and neighbors called to in-
quire after her health, or to do something for
the sinking pilgrim. All left her presence
better for the intercourse, having learned a
* In Burlington, Main street, one door below Broad,
on the site still occupied by her grand-daughter M. M.
S., (18.54.)
60
THE FRIEND.
lesson of patience and fortitisle, and most
probably of threat cheerfulness under extreme
suffering. The ensuing letters tell her state
of mind and body at this closing period of her
life, in the most natural and aLjreeable man-
ner. They are addressed to the wife of Isaac
Collins, Jr., then of New York, for whose
home the youthful grandchild had left the
' mother.'
The post beside the aged invalid, thus va-
cated, was most acceptably filled b}' another
grand-daughter, M. M. S., who continued
bo the faithful attendant and frictid, for the
remaining period of bodily helplessness, but,
as the letters show, of mental vigor, passed
in a review of the scenes of a well-spent life
with her Bible mostly in her hands. * * * It
is remarkable how complete these lotte
make her history; they come down to the
period of her own announcement to her be
loved grandchild, of her own paralytic attack,
which she tells without alarm, and doubtless
lest it should be exaggerated by others.
Three years elapsed before the final mes
senger threw his last dart at the affectionate
daughter, the faithful sister, the devoted mo-
ther and grandmother, the unfailing friend
and deeply favored follower of her Redeemer
Her children, grandchildren, friends and
neighbors, were near sympathizers around the
bed of helpless age ; where the prayers of the
righteous comforted not only the sick but the
mourners, who never heard a peevish whisper,
and never saw the face of the sufferer ruf
by complaint. It was a season sanctified to
all ; hope in this life had fled, but there was a
reliance on the future ; and when time to her
was no more, all who had enjoyed her society
knew, as certainly as man can know, that she
who had always loved her Lord, and humbly
■washed the feet of His disciples, was at peace,
having rejoined in heaven those whom earthly
ties and kindred sympathies had united on
earth.
Her sister's husband, George Dillwyn,* the
well beloved brother of her heart, her consoler
and spiritual guide, his wife, and her sister
M. M. Moore, resided in Burlington| near by,
and were her stay during her declining years,
as they had been her dearest friends in early
life. The three survived Margaret Morris for
many years. Sarah Dillwyn died in 1826, and
M. M. Moore in 1829, each likewise tenderly
cared for by their younger relative M. M. S,,
and each in the full hope of a blissful eternity."
(To h.j continued.)
Coal in China. — The coal production of
China is reckoned at 3,000,000 tons annually.
The anthracite beds of Shansi represent 1,000,-
000 tons, the bituminous coal of that prov-
ince, 700,000. All the eighteen provinces con-
tain coal ; and, although the extent of the
coal fields and the age and quality of the coal
vary, yet China maj' now be regarded as one
of the first coal countries in the world. The
area of her coal fields exceed even that of
North America, and with the greatest of
* George Dillwyn, brother to William Dillwyn of
London, and to Ann Co.^, second wife of .John Cox, of
Burlington, was long an eminent ministter of the Society
of Friends, well known and much esteemed at home and
abroad, about whose gift and services much might have
been said in this volume if it had not been found neces-
sary to confine our narrative to the descendants of
Richard Hill.
t The former in the dwelling now (1854) occupied
by her friend Stephen Grellet, and the latter in Wood
street.
them, that of Shansi, no other coal region
can be compared in the union of the most for-
tunate conditions as regards position, quality
and quantitj'. Along with the coal, brown
iron ore is also found in great quantity. With
a yearly production of 300,000 000 tons, it is
estimated that this extensive bed of anthra-
cite alone could cover the whole present de-
mand of the world for 2400 years. But the
working of the Chinese coal fields is j'ot so
much in its infancy that the production at
present, in spite of the most favorable circum-
stances, is only equal to about one-fifteenth
of the coal production of Germany or the
United States. — Philadelphia Ledger.
THE WAITING ONES.
There are some among the blessed,
Waiting, watching every day,
Peering through the misty shadows
To the clear and lighted way ;
Listening in the dusky twilight.
Waiting even in the night,
'Mid the toil and heat of noon-day.
Bending forward to the light.
And they speak in eager whispers
"Can we see His chariot yet?"
" Will the Master come this evening?
" Will the heavenly Friend forget?
So they stand these earnest servants,
Waiting, watching evermore.
For the clouds to part asunder,
And reveal the open door.
But they take their daily duties,
And perform them as for Him :
And they read his loving message
When their eyes are tired and dim.
They are living lives of blessings
Lives of love — for his dear sake.
While they wait with eager longing
For the morn of joy to break.
There are aged pilgrims longing
For the Master's spoken word ;
There are some in every country
Waiting, watching for the Lord.
He will come and will not tarry ;
He will fold them to his breast ;
He will make his watchers happy,
In a calm and holy rest.
MY LITTLE WIFE AND L
We are travelling o'er life's road together,
My little wife and I ;
We are happy in fair and stormy weather.
My little wife and I ;
The reason why is very plain,
There's nothing queer about it ;
We never give each other pain
When we can do without it.
We have toiled o'er many a road most dreary.
My little wife and I ;
But our hearts were light when our feet were weary
My little wife and I ;
The reason why we journey on
Since hand in hand we started,
We ne'er had seen the battle won
By those who were faint-hearted.
Though our home be plain, that never teases
My little wife and I ;
Though an humble cot, right well it pleases
My little wife and I ;
The reason why we are content.
We do not fear to bibor;
And though in toil our time is spent,
We envy not our neighbor.
We never dream of ill to-morrow,
My little wife and I ;
But take what comes, be it joy or sorrow,
My little wife' and I;
The reason why we do not fret ;
And you'd do well to try it ;
We ne'er have found a person yet
That was a gainer by it.
Domestic Monthly.
Isaac Pciiingtoii on the Diviiiitv ami Offices of Jfsi
Clirist, I
"Now this we have often found, that thi|
our testimonj^ hath not been received in th
same spirit and love, wherein it hath gon
forth ; but the enemy, by his subtlety, hat
raised up jealousies concerning us, and pn
judices against us, as if we denied the Serif
tures and ordinances of God, and that Chrif
that died at Jerusalem ; professing Him onl
in words, to win upon others by, but denyin
Him in reality and substance.
" To clear this laltei', (for my heart is onlj
at this present, drawn out concerning that,
we have solemnlj' professed in the sight of th
Lord God, who hath given us the knowledg
of his Son in life and power, these two thing;
"First, That we do reallj', in our hearti
own that Christ who came, in the fulness c
time, in that prepared body, to do the Father
will; his coming into the world, doctrinei
miracles, sufferings, death, resurrection, &c
in plainness and simplicity of heart, accorc
ing as it is expressed in the letter of the Scrij
tures.
"Secondly, That we own no other Chris
than that, nor hold forth no other thing fo
Christ, but Him who then appeared and wa
made manifest in flesh." Vol. iii. p. 59. — 1(361
In replying to the charge that the Societ
of Friends denied that Christ who died a
Jerusalem ; as well as the benefits of his su;
ferings and death, " and set up a natural prit
ciple within instead thereof," Isaac Peningto
says : —
" First — We do own that the Word of Goc
the only begotten of the Father, did take u;
a body of the flesh of the Virgin Mary, wh-
was of the seed of David, according to th
Scriptures ; and did the will of the Fathe
therein, in holy obedience unto Him, both ii
life and death.
"Secondl}-— That He did oflTer up the flcsl
and blood of that body, though not only so
for He poured out his soul, He poured out hi
life a sacrifice or offering for sins, (do not, oh
do not stumble at it; but rather wait on th^
Lord to understand it; for we speak in thi,
matter what we know ;) a sacrifice unto thi
Father, and in it, tasted death for every man
and that it is upon consideration, and througl
God's acceptance of this sacrifice for sin, thai
the sins of believers are pardoned, that Goc
might be just, and the Justifierof him whicl
believeth in Jesus, or who is of the faith o
Jesus." Vol. iii. p. 33.— 1667.
In his "Observations concerning the Priest
hood of Jesus Christ," ho says: —
"Observation 1. — Who is the Apostle, anc'
High Priest of our profession ? It is Jesus
Christ the Son of God, whom God hath ap
pointed Heir of all things ; by whom Ho made
the worlds, and who is the express Lnago o
his Father's substance, &c. Hob. i. and ui. 1
" Observation 2. — Why this High Priest
was to suffer death ? which was that He might
taste death for every man ; and so, throiTgh
suffering, become a perfect Saviour, or perfect
Captain of salvation, to all the sons that were
to be brought by Him to glory. Hcb. ii. 9,
10." Vol. iv. p. 121.
"Mark ; Christ was not only to die, and so
offer up a sacrifice of atonement, but He was
also to make reconciliation by it, ever after-
wards for his children, in case of transgres-
sion, whenever occasion should be. So saith
John : ' If any man sin, we have an Advocal-c
with the Father,' to plead for the forgiving
THE FRIEND.
61
1 i,:. 'ing out of the sin, 'and He is the
f ; i.,,:iLiL], (or reconciliation,) for our sins,'
jilic oiil traoslatioa renders it, 1 John ii. 1,
Fai;e 122.
Observation 16.— That this High Priest
ieth not to offer many sacrifices to atone
as the priests under the law needed to do
for He was a perfect Priest, and offered
one perfect, spotless, sacrifice ; and ' is a
pitiation for the sins of the whole world,'
)hn ii. 2." Page 124.
Observation 23. — For what cause, Christ
! Mediator of the New Testament? which
that by means of death, for the redemp-
1 of the transgressors under the first testa-
nt, they which are called might receive the
mise of eternal inheritance, verse 15. For
1 hath made Christ, a Propitiation for all
1, both Jews and gentiles; that through
h in his blood, bis righteousness might be
lared, for remission of sins that are past,
gh the forbearance of God, that He
In reply to Thomas Hicks, who accused him
of esteeming the lilood of Christ no more than
a common thing, he says :
" Herein he represents me wicked, and
makes me speak, by bis changing and adding,
that which never was in my heart; and the
contrary whereto, I have several times aflirm-
ed in that very book, where those several
queries were put, out of which he forms this
his own query, giving it forth in my name.
For in the tenth page of that book, beginning
at line third, I positively affirm thus: That
Christ did offer up the flesh and blood of that
bod}-, though not only so, for He poured out
his soul. Ho poured out his life, a sacrifice or
offering for sin, a sacrifice nnto tho Father,
and in it tasted death for every man ; and that
it is upon consideration, and through God's
acceptance of this sacrifice for sin, that th<
sins of believers are pardoned, that God might
be just, and the Justifier of him who believeth
n Jesus, or who is of the faith of Jesus. I:
'ht'be just, and a Justifier of him who is of; this common flesh and blood. Can this be
'faith of Jesus. Rom. iii. 26. So that they affirmed of common flesh and blood? Ought
t were under the first covenant, hearken
believintr in Him, were
n<it thus have reproached me, and misrepre-
sented me to the world ? Is this a Christian
to Him, and believing in Him, were
lified from all things, from which they
Id not be justified by the law of Moses,
ts xiii. 39.
Observation 24. — The necessity of GhTist's
th ; which was, because Ho was to make
y by his own blood into the holiest, to ap-
ir before God for us, and to sprinkle the
ivenly things with the blood of a Sacrifice,
marks upon some passages in a book, entitled
'Antichrist's Transformation within,'" &c.,
we find the following, viz : —
" First, as to his tJefFeiy Bullock's] main
controversy with Friends about the Christ
that died at Jerusalem, he atfinuing, that
neither justification nor condemnation is by
Him, and reproaching Friends as having gone
back to the professors' Christ and Saviour,
who died without the gates of Jerusalem ;
this is in my heart to aay :
'• ' Is Christ divided ?' Is there one Christ
that died without the gates of Jerusalem, and
another that did not die ? Or is it not the
same Lord Jesus Christ who died without the
gates of Jerusalem, according to the flesh, and
yet was then alive in the Spirit? Do we
affirm that the Godhead died ? No — we do
not so affirm that his soul died, as he (J. B.)
doth, page 19, but according to the flesh He
died ; that is, He who was the Hesnrrection
and the Life, laid down his life, and took it up
again according to the commandment of his
Father.
" Thus we have been taught of God to be-
lieve, and thus to hold it forth. And we have
no other Justifier, Condemner, Saviour, or In-
tercessor, than He that laid down the life of
spirit; or according to the law or prophets, or the body, offering it up a sacrifice to his
Christ's doctrine? Doth he herein do as he I Father without the gatcsof Jerusalem. 'Who
would be done by? Oh! that he had a heart
to consider it!" Vol. iii. p. 407. — 1675.
I have had experience of that despised
people [the Quakers] for many years ; and I
„.. hiirherand better nature, than the blood ^ have often heard them, even the ancient ones
bulls and goats was ; for that was the blood jof them, own Christ both inwardly and out-
the covenant which was to pass away ; butiwardly. Yea, I have heard one of the an-
was to sprinkle his, with the blood of thelcients of them thus testify in a public mcel-
erlastin" Covenant ; and by this His death ing, many years since : that if Christ had not
d blood,'sprinkled upon the hearts of His, come in the flesh, in the fulness of time, to
- ' . ^^ ^T , ■,.' ^^^^ Q^jj, yjj^g^ j^ j^j^ Q^^.p body on the tree,
and to offer Himself up a sacrifice for man-
_ __ kind, all mankind had utterly porished. What
same will by which Christ was sancti- cause then have we to praise the Lord God
Covenant comes to be of force. Heb. x. 16
d 25, and xiii. 20, 2L" Page 127.
Observation 28. — That wo are sanctified
for sending his Son in the likeness of sinful
flesh, and for what his Son did therein !" Vol.
iii. p. 403.— 1675
In his treatise, entitled "The flesh and blood
of Christ," &c., after speaking largely of that
or sanctifieth Himself In subjection to
e same will which the Head obej^ed, (even
denying themselves, taking up the cross to
r own wills, and submitting to God's,) are
e members sanctified. The Spirit of God . --■•■,
rks them into holiness, by this will of God, mystical body and blood of Christ, which the
d through the ofleringof the body of Jesus saints feed upon, a,nd asserting the necessity
ist once, verse 10. John xvii. 19
"So mark: there is the will of God, the
'ering up [of] the body of Jesus, the pour-
out [of] the Spirit of Grace, the New
jvenant, and faith iu Christ, &c. All these
nd to work out one and the same thing;
[id they all concur thereto in their several
■ders and places." Vol. iv. p. 128.-1671.
In a work, entitled, "The Holy Truth and
ople Defended," &c., he thus answers the
liarge of denying redemption by the blood of
ir Lord Jesus Christ, viz : —
'"And as for denying redemption by the
ood of Christ, oh! how will he answer this
large to God, when none upon the earth, as
le Lord God knoweth, are so taught, and do
) rightly and fully own redemption by the
iood of Christ, as the Lord hatb taught us
) do! Forweown the blood of the Lord Jesus
hrist, both outwai-dly and inwaidly ; both as
, was shed on the cross, and as it is sprinkled
1 our consciences ; and know the cleansing
irtue thereof in the Everlasting Covenant,
nd in the Light which is eternal; out of
7hich Light, men have but a notion thereof,
ut do not truly know nor own ''
ol. iii. p. 234.-1672.
Works,
of a participation in it, he adds :
Now as touching the outward which ye
sav we deny, because of our testimony to th
inward, I have frequently given a most solemi
testimony thereto : and God knoweth it to b
the truth of my heart; and that the testifying
to the inward, (from which the outward
came,) doth not make the outward void, but
rather establish it, in its place and service.
God Himself, who knew what virtue was in
the inward, yet hath pleased to make use of
theoutward; and who may contradictorslight
his wisdom and counsel therein? Glorious
was the appearance and manifestation of his
Son in the flesh, precious his subjection and
holy obedience lo his Father; his giving Him-
self up to death for sinners, was of great es-
teem in His eye ! It was a spotless Sacrifice
of o-reat value, and effectual for the remission
of mns: and I do acknowledge humbly unto
the Lord the remission of my sins thereby,
and bless the Lord for it ; even for giving up
his Son to death for us all, and giving all that
believe in his Name and power, to partake of
remission through Him." Vol. iii. p. 415.
, 1675.
I In the postscript to a work, entitled " B
s He that justifieth?' Is it not God, in and
through him? 'And who is he that con-
demneth?' Is it not ' Christ that died ?' 'And
where did he die?' Was it not without the
fates of Jerusalem ? ' Yea, rather that is risen
again,' &c. Eom. viii. 33, 34." Vol. iv. p. 370.
—1675.
" And now there are two or three things in
my heart to open to you, how it is with me
in reference to them ; for indeed I have not
been taught to deny any testimony the Scrip-
tures hold forth concerning the Lord Jesus,
or any of his appearances; but am taught by
the Lord more certainly and fully to own and
acknowledge them." P. 450.
"The first is concerning the Godhead." —
" The second is concerning the offering of tho
Lord Jesus Christ, without the gales of Jeru-
salem. I do exceedingly honor and esteem
that offeiing, believing it had relation to tho
sins of the whole world, and was a propitia-.
tory sacrifice to the Father therefor. And
surely he that is redeemed out of the world,
up to God, by Christ, cannot deny that Christ
was his ransom, and that he was bought with
a price, and therefore is to glorify God, with
his body and Spirit, which are God's. 1 Cor.
vi. 20. And sailh the apostle Peter : ' Ye
know that ye were not redeemed with cor-
ruptible things, as silver and gold, from your
vain conversation, &c., but with the precious
blood of Christ, as of a Lamb without blemish
and without spot,' 1 Pet. i. 18, 19; ' who bo
offered Himself up to God, through the Eter-
nal Spirit.' Heb. ix. 14. This we do own
singly and nakedlj', as in the sight of the
Lord ; though I must confess we do not lay
the sole stress upon that which is outward
and visible, though we truly and fully acknow-
ledge it in its place; but upon that which is
inward and invisible: upon the inward Life,
the inward Power, the Spirit within ; know-
ing and experiencing daily, that that is it,
which doth the work." Vol. iv. p. 451.
In the dark cloud of a trying dispensation,
the beautiful bow of God's promise ia often
seen with peculiar effect.
62
THE FRIEND.
Chinese Merchants.
When the Cliiiiose ports were flr^t opened
the foreigQ trade went into English ami
American hands, but in a few yours the trer-
maus came in and took a large share of it.
They could live and work cheaper than their
competitors, and for a considerable while they
flourished. But when the Chinese came to
the front all others sufiered alike, as the new
competitor could beat each and every one of
them in the ability to get along with small
profits. A Chinese official said one day to a
friend of mine: "Englishman and Meliean
man come here makee big pigeon; binieby
long come Crerman man eatee up Englishman
and Meliean man ; Chinaman come now, he
makee eat up German man ; some time you
makee see Chinaman eatee every ting." There
is every reason to believe that his prediction
will be fulfilled in the main ; that the " eatee
up" is going on pretty rapidly a great many
persons can testify.
In Hong-Kong the Chinese houses are in-
creasing annually, while the English and
other foreign ones are decreasing. Rows of
stores formerly occupied by English mer-
chants have been given up to Chinese, and
the number grows and grows with each re-
curring season. Nineteen-twenlieths of the
population of Ilong Kong are Chinese, and
there is not a branch of business into which
they have not entered. They have shipping
und commercial houses, steamship, banking
and insurance companies, as I have already
mentioned, and you can buy in their shops
nearly every article of foreign manufacture
that you can buy in the English stores, and
almost invariably at a lower price. The com-
plete free trade established at Hong-Kong
has been good for the English manufacturer,
but not so for the English merchant who es-
tablished himself in the colony.
In all the open ports of Japan the Chinese
are thickly established. Their competition is
more with Europeans than with the Japanese,
and they have succeeded in making- a very
large inroad into the profits of the foreigner,
though less so than at Hong-Kong, Shanghai
or the other Chinese ports. Going west from
Hong-Kong, we come to Cochin China, the
French possession, of which Sai-gon is the
capital. There the Chinese have been steadi-
ly cutting into the trade, until they have by
far the best of it, and have driven some foreign
houses out of business. During 1876 the
Chinese shipped nine-tenths of the rice crop,
amounting to nearly 6,000,000 picuU (133 lbs.
to the picul). All other articles of export
were shipped bj^ thom, with a very few ex-
ceptions, and they have at least five-sixths of
the import trade. Much of the shipment is
to Hong-Kong, and a great portion of it is in
Chinese vessels, while many of the English
ships find it expedient to employ Chinese
agents. The Hong Kong agency of the only
line of steamei'.s running to Bang-kok, Siara,
is Chinese, and when 1 purchased my ticket
by one of the company's ships, I was obliged
to apply to the head of the Yuen Fat Hong,
and make my negotiations with him. The
captain told mc that all the rice carried by
him or his companion vessels was on Chinese
account, and I found on reaching Bangkok
a Chinese line of steamers running to Singa-
pore. Foreign business at Bangkok grows
smaller each year, while Cliinese business
At Singapore there
than 100,000
Chinese, one-fourth as many Malays, and
about 1000 Europf'ans. The Chinese have
gained in numbers, while the Europeans have
lost, in spite of the steadily increasing im-
portance of Singapore. While I was there a
quarrel arose between the Chinese and foreign
merchants — or rather it was in progress when
I arrived — concerning the delivery of pepper,
gambler, and other articles of merchandise
which the former sell to the latter. The dis-
puted point was on a matter of delivery, the
latter demanding and the former refusing to
make delivery at the foreign go-downs (ware-
houses). The foreigners united, and agreed
not to buy until the point was yielded to
them ; the Chinese united, and refused to sell
except at their own go-downs. See the ad-
vantage of a Chinese combination over a
foreign one ; when I left Singapore two of
the foreign houses had broken from the com-
bination, and were buj^ing pepper and gam-
bier on the terms of the Chinese, while the
latter were as firm as the rock of Gibraltar.
— Thomas Knox, in Harper's Magazine.
Selected.
"Eiches, surely, are not certain marks of
Divine favor, nor prosperity an evidence that
our ways please God." Doth He not some-
times give men their hearts' desire, and withal
send leanness into their souls ? We are apt to
call providences by wrong names. Afflictions,
" more precious than gold which perisheth," wo
call curses; and riches we call blessings, when,
for once they are so, it is to be feared they are
sent of God a thousand times for judgments.
The distresses and troubles of Israel of old
were often administered in mercj', when the
people had, in fulness and prosperity, revolted
from God, to bring them back again to Him,
to trust and depend upon Him, and have their
expectation from Him ; and if this be the
gracious design of the Almighty now, in the
administration of distress and adversity, as I
fully believe it often is, I am sure that such
trials deserve to be considered as evidences of
His merciful regard, who in this, though
severe, yet more intelligible language to earth-
1}' hearts, is seeking to convince us of our de-
pendence on Him, i-elation to Him, and that it
is He who can bless or blast all our endeavors.
I have often thought, and it hath been con-
firmed in my mind, that if we were more atten-
tive, and disposed to obey the secret intimations
Goodness; and the very best for us, t
greatest blessing we are capable of receivi
in our present state of mind, consistent wi
our chiefeat good. Oh I what cause havei
therefore, to commit ourselves wholly to Hi
to bless His name in every dispensation,
is the sole Arbiter of heaven and earth,
superintends the universe, whose goodrit
and power are equal ; who knows all sitij
tions, and is ever graciously administeri
to every one of us, in uniform mercy j
goodness, what is most convenient for
and all for this most desirable, most glorio
purposse, to redeem, to gather ns to Himse
who is the fulness of blessing and life.
JotiN Thorp.!
A Marvellous Sunset on Mount Washingtc
— •" The heavens declared the glory of Gc
and the firmament showed his handiwork"
the sunset glories of Saturday evening la
Such a sight is rarely had here, and ue\
elsewhere. Those who have been her
son after season, for pleasure and sight-s(
ing, admit that they never saw anything
equal it before, and — Aiken, of the Mou
Washington Kailroad, who has been here
all seasons of the year for ton or twelve yea
and — Murphy, of the Signal Station, w
has been here in the summer's calm and
ter's storm, conceded the scene of Saturd
evening to be the finest and most wonderfu.
magnificent that they had ever seen.
just before the hour for its setting the s
was entirely obscured by a heavy cloud, whi
deluged the mountain top with a dr
shower of rain, but the cloud lifted instant
just at the moment of setting, and the 8
bathed the mountain-top in a golden glo
softened and shaded by the reflection of t
dark clouds which still hung about the ho
zon over against the summit of the mountaii
So sharply and clearly were the rays of t
sun thrown upon the mountain, through
rift in the clouds, that the blades of grass
what is known as "Bigelow's Lawn," at t
head of Tuckerman's Ravine, could be alm<
counted from the mountain-top, more than
thousand feet above them. Instantly, and
if by magic, the most brilliant rainbow ev
seen commenced forming, one end of its gold
and crimson showers resting in Tuckermat
Ravine and the other directly over the Gl
House. A complete arch soon formed, hij
of the " Wonderful Counsellor," who speaks in the heavens, so soft and sharp as to repi
i' .^ I — . :., u „ ..I. — i,j 1 ,;i — I r,.^«*- *-«»« ^u:..,i.-, ^., 4-u«.^^ p^.-...tU , ^p ^ ^.;.,^.
from heaven in our hearts, we should happily
make it less necessary tor the Lord to speak
to us so frequently in the language of afflic-
tion. Oh ! it' this were but enough the case,
(and I am sure it is above all things to bo de-
sired,) we should thereby avoid every snare,
and bo enabled happily, in the line of duty,
to go forward in the lot of our appointment ;
and then, though our dwellings might be with
the lowly, and we should have to labor for
daily bread, yet, divested of anxious care, we
should rest secure iu His providence, who
numberoth the hairs of our heads; clothes
the lilies with transcendent beauty, and hears
the young lions when thoy cry.
* * * Oh that, through the medium of
Divine Light, wo might look up to God !
therein we should discover the secret turn-
ings of His holy hand in all those things; for
I am fully persuaded, that, whatever is per-
mitted to try us, whatever dispensations, in-
wardly or outwardly, we may bo under, it is
the disponsation of unerring Wisdom and
sent two thirds or three-fourths of s
instead of the flat-arch usually seen in rai
bows, and the colors at the lovver cxtremiti
were so brilliant that a second, third, a
even fourth reflection could be seen again
the mountain sides where thej' rested,
striking feature of the occasion was a hu
bank of white clouds hanging low benoa
tho very centre of the arch, tho upper ed
of which took a golden hue from the setli
sun, and gave to the fortunate spectators
cloud with a golden instead of a silver lii '
Another remarkable sight was the shade;
the mountain-top thrown against the sky
mountain ranges to tho eastward, dire
beneath the centre of the arch, and so d
tinctly that the shape and formation of ilou
Washington Was as clearly defined as i
mountain itself, while the (brm of the Su
House could be distinctly seen on tho crest
tho shadow. Tho glow of tho settin;
was so brilliant and so clear that tho '
Mountains against the western .'iky wore
THE FRIEND.
03
narked, and Camel's Hump, Mount Mans-
1 and Jay Peak could be disUoctly recog-
)d from the top of Mount Washington, as
1 as all the other mountains to the north
south. In was a gloriously gorgeous and
Ejnitieent sight, and one that will hang
ut the htiUs of memory forever. — Among
Clouds, Mount Washington, August 19.
The writer of the article which follows,
tes, that he has been induced to prepare it
m having received several letters of inquiry
ich betray much want of knowledge as to
state of affairs among Canada Friends.
publish it as matter of information. —
s.]
For "The Friend."
i. brief account of the troubles which have
tnrbed the meetings of Friends in Canada,
oeared in "The Prieud" of Eighth mo. 3d.
me additional information may be aecept-
3 to its readers. The "diversitj- of opiii-
' spoken of in the article, may be better
scribed by saying, that a portion of the
mbers remained firmly attached to the
nciples and practices of the Society of
lends; whilst another portion adopted and
vocated the theory of the Pl3'mouth Breth-
The "divergence" in paths was shown
one part endeavoring to maintain both the
nciples and practices of Friends on their
ginal ground. The other part seemed de
ous not only to adopt and propagate the
w theory, but to open a wide door to new
actices. The natural result was, a ceasing
" walk together." But when the issue took
ace, it rested upon one particular point, that
"artificial music."
[In Sixth month, 1877, the " bisected Quar-
rly Meeting" (compo-ied of the members of
Blham Monthly Meeting) managed to hold
le subject under their care for three months
ager, thereby preventing the case from go-
g before the Yearly Meeting, and also pre-
snting Norwich Friends from having a re-
heseutation in that meeting. In the Eighth
onth following, the committee of the bi-
cted meeting advised one portion of Nor-
ich Friends to act independently of the
ihcr portion ; by which act a new meetin
as set up, and which was approved of by the
uarterly Meeting in its bisected capacity,
he result was a separation in the Quarterly
Meeting, and consequently two reports were
■esented to the Yearly Meeting in Sixth mo,
St. One of those reports complained of cer-
,in actsof Pelhara Quarterly Meeting, whilst
the capacity above described, as being out
'order and detrimental to the best interests
' the meeting; and asked the Yearly Meet
ig to hold those acts in abe3'anco until such
1 investigation could be made as to enable
lat meeting to come to a right decision in
le matter.
The committee that was appointed by the
early Meeting on the subject, did not have
le differing parties face to face, nor give their
iprcsentativijs a hearing ; but were disunited
iiong themselves in judgment. The larger
ortion favored recommending the reception
r one of the reports at once. The other por-
on preferred to recommend the Yearly Meet-
ig to accept neither report at that time, but
) appoint a committee to enquire into, and
ibor for the healing of differences before a
ecision was made. But the larger portion
id report "that it was the prevailing judg-
lent of the committee that the minutes signed
bj' John Eiehard Harris be received," with-
out the other portion of the committee sub
mitting to it. The meeting was informed
that the committee was not united in making
this report ; and decided objections were made
in the meeting to accepting it, yet a minute
was made stating, that it was the prevailing
judgment of the ineeiing to adopt it. It is a
noteworthy fact, that although the differences
above referred to have to a less or greater
extent existed for some years, and at length
become so developed that the members of
Norwich Monthly Meeting were not repre-
sented in the Yearly Meeting in 1877, and
finally, in 1878, two reports were presented
to that meeting; it did not at any stage of
the difiSculty exercise care in the correction
of wrong, or the healing of differences, but
summarily disposed of the matter without
proper investigation. A. S.
Ontario.
A Story for Students.
In 1831-32 some of the law and order stu-
dents of Bowdoin College untertook to stop
all hazing and other like irregularities. Some
unistances made one of the leaders of the
anli-hazing party especially obnoxious, and
he was warned that sonu terrible vengeance
would be executed upon him by a league
formed for that purpose. He was not casdy
frightened; and ho did not think it even
necessary to take especial precautions. One
night, about midnight, seven of the hazei
broke into his room and seized him in h
sleep. It did not take him long to wake up
suttieientiy to comprehend the situation. R •-
sislance was useless. He instantly decided
to play "possum" and feign death. He was
borne down two flights of stairs, with a rush,
in no gentle hands, and with many a wrench
and bruise, to the pump. But he never m )ved ;
he lay perfectly limp in their hand^•. The
device succeeded ; when they reached th
pump one of the assailants exclaimed, "He
is dead;" the frightened students dropped him
on the ground and fleil. The sight of the
pump and the wet platform revived the dead
and he rose and pursued the fleeing students
Fear added wings to their flight; they were
all masked, and they all made good their os-
Ciipe. He went back to bed, and, being un
excitable and cool, he went to sleep, woke
later than usual, ate his breakfast, and went
about his usual business, taking no notice of
the affair. The students held a college meet-
ing and passed strong resolutions commenda-
tory of his course and character, and con
demning the perpetators of the act as un
worthy of college fellowship. But they were
unknown, and the college faculty was unable
to take any action in the premises, even if it
had been minded so to do. What were its
inclinations, or whether it had any, we do not
know.
The student however, had decided what
course he would pursue before be went to
sleep that eventful night, and he was well
satisfied with his decision. He has shown,
in after life, in many a critical emergency, the
same coolness and the same resoluteness of
purpose which served him then. For six
weeks he absolutely refused to talk about the
affair, even with his most intimate friends.
Every one thought it buried forever. In
consequence the actors became communica-
tive. They "leaked." The student waited
and watched till his evidence was accumu-
lated and convincing. Then one morning he
waited on a lawyer in the town and desired
to retain him for a criminal prosecution for
vssauli and battery. The lawj-er was at first
inclined to poon-pooh at him. The student
pressed the question: Is it an assault and
battery to break into a man's room at night
and carry him forcibly downstairs to pump
on him? Is it an offence against the laws of
the state? Is there any punishment pro-
vided for such an offence? Will you take the
retainer? Or shall it go to th"e lawyer over
the way? The case was taken, the warrants
were issued, the seven perpetrators were all
arrested — if we were not mistaken, were
marched out of their recitation room — me
morning by the constable; and seventeen
collegians were summoned as witnesses to
prove the facts. Tlie whole college was in
an uproar; the excitement extended through-
out the town, and we venture to say that the
office of the Justice of the Peace was never
thronged, before or since, by a more interested
and excited erow.l.
The justice adjourned the case for two
weeks to give time for the employment of
able counsel. Lawyers were retained for the
defence from Portland. But when they knew
the facts, they advised their clients thit there
<vas no defence. They were guilty ; they
would be convicted; they must be sentenced.
The court would have no option. There was
no escape except in the mercy of the prosocu-
tor. They offered to pay him for the damage
done. He replied that he wanted no money;
he simpi}' wanted to punish a great wrong
and to prevent its repetition upon others.
At length, thoroughly'- frightened, the hazers
signed a confession, which was publicly read
in'the college chapel, and paid all the costs of
the prosecution. The case was discontinued ;
so was hazing in that c dlege, and for that
period of its history. — Christian Union.
If you think you can trust in C.irisi's
sacrifice for salvation, without obeying His
precepts as a rule of sancLification, j'ou are
grea'ly mistaken: trust in Christ, will lead
you to take the yoke of Christ.
The. Lord takes up none but the forsaken ;
seeks none but the lost; makes none healtliy
but the sick; gives sight to none but the
blind ; makes alive none but the dead; sanc-
tifies none but sinners : and to all these he is
precious. — Luther.
THE FRIEND.
TENTH MONTH 5, 1878.
In compliance with the i-equest of a Friend
at a distance, we have given place to the mono-
ijraph by Isaac Penington, entitled " Some
Queries concerning Christ and his appear-
ances," in our last four numbers.
I. Penington was a man long taught in the
school of Christ, deeply versed in the mys-
teries of salvation, and earnestly concerned
for the spread of a true understanding of the
spiritual nature of the gospel dispensation.
Deeply impressed with the fearful danger at-
tending the opinion prevalent among chris-
tian professors in his day, that belief of the
truths recorded in the Now Testament re-
specting the coming, life, death and resurrec-
tion of Jesus Christ, the atonement He made
64
THE FRIEND.
for sin, and the reconciliation witb the Father
thereby purchased by him, was all that was
requisite to tnalje a true Christian, he was
concerned to endeavor to awaken them to a
sense of the necessity of going deeper, of ex-
periencing salvation wrought out through the
immediate operation of the Holy Spirit upon
the soul ; whereby they might know indeed
the work and things of Christ brought to
their individual knowledge, and applied to
their redemption and sanctification : henco
the putting forth those queries.
Sound as Isaac Penington was in the chris-
tian faith, and much as he strove to convey
the truths he desired to promulgate clearly
and unequivocally, yet many whose spiritual
faculties had never been rightly developed or
strengthened by reason of use, and who were
content to rest in their carnal conceptions of
Christ's " finished work," were unable or un-
willing to comprehend those truths he was
anxious to press upon his readers, and both
he and Friends generally, at that time were
misjudged and misrepresented, as though they
did not believe in nor expectsalvation through
Jesus Christ, who died upon the cross at Jeru-
salem,
This calumny was promptly met, denied
and disproved, but the same misrepresent:!;
tion of I. Penington and other of the early
Friends has been made in the present da}',
and wc therefore think it advisable to lay be-
fore our readers some further extracts from
his works, touching upon this subject, given
in "Evans' Exposition," clearly showing his
and Friends' faith in Christ, both in his out-
ward and his inward ajipearance. See ex-
tracts on page 60.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — During the past week there has
been an increased mortality in those sections visited by
yellow fever. The disease has spread through the
country, and many of the people have gone into the
towns hoping to receive more attention. In some sec-
ti(jns of couiury the cotton crop is said to be wasting —
there not being sntficient available force to gather it.
The entire contributions to the yellow fever fund in
this city to 28th ult., amounts to $116,910.50.
The books of the Post-office Department show that
the money order business during the year ending 6th
mo. 30tli, amounted to $83,000,000, an increase of $9,-
OUO.OUO since 1870.
A destructive storm raged throughout Michigan on
the night of the 25th ult. Two persons were killed, and
another seriously injured by lightning. A severe .storm
is also reported at Lebanon, Indiana, on the night of
the 23d.
The temperature on the top of Mf. Washington, on
the morning of the 29th, was 14 deg. above zero. So
clear was the atmosphere, that vessels ou the Atlantic
Ocean could be seen from the summit by the naked eve.
Colonel Miles reports to General Sheridan that Sit-
ting Bull has sent six Sioux envoys to Fort Km-h,
Montana, to ascertain upon wliat terms his people wnuM
be permitted to surrender to the United States military
authorities; the Sioux who have taken refuge in Canada
being anxious to return to the United States. The
reply states, that if they return it must be on terms of
unconditional surrender.
Several weeks having elapsed since the War Depart
ment have received advices from the Rio Grande, ii
regarded as indicating a peaceable condition. The
Mexican authorities along the border evince a growing
disposition to cultivate friendly feelings with the United
States, and aid in repressing lawlessness and disorder.
The President returned to Washington on the 23rd
idt. He expressed satisfaction with his trip through
tlie West, and with the evidences of returning pros-
perity, and of the popular feeling in favor of a sound
cui-reuoy,
It is statc<i that the difficulties between France, Eng-
lan.l and (lie United States, relative to the Newfound-
land lisheries, have been arranged. The three cabinets
are now drawing np a convention which, it is believ
will obviate future disagreoincnts.
Several persons who accompanied the Collins expe-
dition to Brazil, have recently returned, and report the
Madeira and Mamore enterprise in a flourishing con-
dition, although the work has been impeded by the
inability of the men to endure the climate. About ten
miles of the road have been graded, and three of these
completed. The completion of this road, it is thought,
will open a valuable trade with Bolivia, esi^ecially in
India rubber.
There were 276 deaths reported in this city during
last week — 153 adults and 123 children.
The local weather report for Ninth month, gives the
average temperature 67.9 degree? — which is 3 degrees
above the average for the past eight years. The highest
temperature was 88 deg., and the lowest 44 degrees.
The total rainfall has been the smallest for eight years,
being only .90 of an inch.
Markets, <fec.— American gold lOOJ. U. S. sixes 1881,
8; 5-20 coupons, 1865, 103; do. 1867, lOoJ; do.
68, 107* ; new 5'3, 106 ; new ii per cents, 103J ; new
4 per cenLs, 101.
Cotton.^Small sales of middlings at 11| a 11} cts.
per pound.
Petroleum. — Crude, 7f cts. in barrels, and standard
white, at 9| a 10} cts. per gallon.
Flour was in demand and prices steady. Minnesota
extra, $5 a $5.75; Penna. .and we.stern, »4.50 a $5.25;
patent and other high grades, $6.75 a $8.50. Rye flour,
;3.2o. Corn meal, i2.75 per barrel.
Grain.— Red wheat, $1 a $1.08 ; amber, $1.07 a $1.10.
Rye, 57 a 60 cts. Corn, 49 a 52 cts. Oats, 29 a 33 cts.
per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts., per
100 pounds ; mixed, 45 a 60 cts.; straw, 55 a 70 cts. per
100 pounds.
Beef cattle, 3} a 5 J cts, per lb. as to quality. Sheep
e in fair demand, and sell at 3J a 4} cts. per pound
to condition. Hogs, 5^^ a 6.J cts. per pound.
Foreign. — To date of Ninth mo. 25th, the sub-icrip-
tions in Paris for the yellow fever sufferers in the
United State.?, amounted to $12,000.
An unfriendly feeling has lately arisen between the
Viceroy of India and the Ameer of Afghanistan, which
it is feared may result in a war between the two coun-
tries. The origin of the trouble appears to have been,
the refusal of the Ameer to allow a mission from the
Government of India to pass through his possessions.
Military preparations are now being made, but it is
thought England will not hastily invade Afghanistan.
Advices from Vienna indicate that the occupation of
Bosnia and Herzegovinia is almost completed ; and it is
tated that a large number of Austrian forces will soon
etui-n home.
On the north side of the St. Gotliard tunnel, one
thousand men are employed underground, and four
hundred in the open air. Three hundred wagon loads
of earth are excavated every day, and in the daily
" istings 600 pounds of dynamite are u.sed. The energy
shown on the Italian side is said to be equally great.
The volcanic activity of Vesuvius continues to in-
case. The crest of the cone has given way, and a new
cone is forming.
The Spanish American Commission for the settle-
ment of claims of citizens of the United States, growing
out of the insurrections in Cuba, have allowed claims to
the amount of more than $1,000,000, which have been
promptly paid by Spain. Claims aggregating as much
more await the action of the umpire.
Information received from Athens, states that Eng-
land is in conimnnication with the Powers, with a view
tn sellliiii,' tlie (Jreek ijiiestion, by giving to Greece the
' ory on the main-
lie Co
Information has been received at Madrid, that num-
bers of Mours are dying from starvation at Fez and
Marquinez, Morocco.
FOR SALE,
On reasonable terms, fifty volumes of" The Friend."
Enquire of John S.Stokes, at the Ollice of "The
A young woman of experience, desires a situation as
teaeher of . small children in the familv of a Friend.
Refer to S. A. R., 444 North Fifth St., Pliilada.
WANTED
A well (pialified woman FViend .as Matron at Friends'
Asylum for the Insane, near Frankford, Philadelphia.
Apply to
Samuel Morris, OIney, Phllada.
John E. Carter, Fisher's Lano, Gormanlown.
RECEIPTS.
Received from John W. Buzby, N. J., $2.10, vol.
from Beulah E. Sharpless, Pa., !if2, vol. 52; fro!|
Jonathan Chace, R. I., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Harv |
Chace, and Lydia Mitchell, $2.10 each, vol. 52; frol
Elwood Comfort, Mich., $2.10, vol. 52; from Richa|
Mott, Agent, lo., for William Pierpont, Rebecca Aske
Thomas Stanley, Stephen Hodgin, Asenath Edgertoll
Joseph Patterson, John Hodgin, Thomas D. Yocuiil
and Josiah Stratton, $2.10 each, vol. 52; for Nathi
Carslake, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Sarah Laver
Canada, per Levi Varney, $2, vol. 52; from Allen ijl
Pharo, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Mary Metcalf, R. '
$2, vol. 52 ; for Wilraon Bacon, N. J., $2.10, vol. 5!J|
from James H. Moon and Martha B. Taylor, Pa., $2.:
each, vol, 52 ; from Samuel P. Carpenter, N. J,, $2.l|
vol. 52 ; from Joseph G. Evans, N. J,, $2.10, vol. 5;
from Charles Bell, N, J,, per Samuel Bell, $2.10, v(
52; from Job Windle, lud., $2.10, vol. 52; from Am
M. Warrington, Pa., $2.10, vol. 52, and for Curtis I
Warrington, #2.10, vol. 52 ; from Mary L. Smedle
City, $2, vol. 52 ; from William B. Cooper, N. J., $2.1
vol. 52, and for Lydia Cooper, $2.10, vol. 52; fro
Sarah P. Johnson, Gtn., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Richa:
M. Acton, N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from Henry D. Wa
rington, N. J., *2.10, vol. 52, and for George I. Kas
ner, $2.10, vol. 52; from Hannah Hutton, Myk., *2.]
vol. 52; from Nathan Warrington, Agent, Ic, for Jol
Lipsey, Evan Smith, Thomas Emmons, Jonaths
Briggs, and Lemuel Brackin, $2.10 each, vol. 52, ai
for John Hoge and Joseph Edgerton, $4.20 each, '
51 and 52 ; from Mary E. Branson, City, $2, vol. 51
from Elizabeth Mendenhall, O., per Jonah Ogelsh
$2.10, vol. 52; for Edward B. Jones, N. J., per ^osej
Jones, t2.10, vol. 52 ; from Henry R. Po.st, L.I., *2.1
vol. 52, and for Lydia Post, $2.10, vol. 52; from Isa
Craft, Fkfd., $2.10, vol. 52 ; from Jonathan Friedlan
N. J., $2.10, vol. 52; from John Tatum, City, $2.1
vol. 52 ; from Sarah McDonald, 111., $2.10, vol. 52.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Winter Session opens on Second-day, the 28'
of Tenth month. Parents and others intending to sei
pupils to the Institution, will please make early appi
cation to Benjamin W. Passmobe, Sapt., (addre
Street Road P. O., Chester Co., Pa.,) or to Charles
Allen, Treasurer, No. 304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
Philada. 9th mo. 11th, 1878.
THE CORPORATION OF HAVERFORD COL
LEGE.
A Stated Annual meeting of " The Corporatioi
Haverford College," will be held at the Comiuil
room of Arch St. Meeting-hou.se, Philadelphia,
Third-day, Tenth month 8th, 1878, at 3 o'clock, p.
Edward Bettle, Jr., Secretary.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) PhUadetphk
Phy.sician and Superintendent — JohnC. Hall, M.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Died, at his residence, near Bloomfield, Province
Ontario, the 20th of 3.1 mo. 1878, George G. Lear,
the 68th year of his age, a member and elder of Wc
Lake Monthly Meeting of Friends. Strongly at
to the Society, of which he was an exemplary nn
he endeavored to adorn the doctrine of his prot'essi
by faithfully walking in obedience to that " Lig
which lighteth every man that cometh into the work
and thereby secured the respect and esteem of :
circle of acquaintance. " Mark the perfect man, a)
behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace
, on Seventh-day, the 21st of 9th mo. 1878, at 1
residence in this city, George M. Elkinton, ;iged
vears, a beloved member of the Monthly Meeting
Friends of Philadelphia for the Northern District, i
was diligent in the attendence of meetings; was a tr
.sympatliizei' with those in trouble; careful to visit t
s'iek and alllieted, and was often enabled to speak
word of conil'on and encouragement to those that
weary and east diiwn. He bore a short but sull'i
illness with Christian patience, and was favore.l
trust, to have his house set in order, and passed qii
away, leaving a comfortable assurance that our luss
his eternal gain.
WILLIAM II. PILE, PRINTER,^
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVEXTH-DAY, TENTH MONTH 12
NO. 9.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ce, if pxul in advance, S2.00 per annum ; if not pal
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Sabjcriptions and Prtyraent8 received bj
JOHN S. STOKES,
T SO. 116 N'ORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
» PHILADELPHIA.
All Appeal to our Ft'llow Christians on War.
med by the S-jciety of Friends at their Annual
Meeting, held in London, 1878.
Ttie late dreadful conflict Id the East, and
lamentable e-xtent to vvhich a warlike
irit has prevailed in this countrj', have
rred ns up to present to our fellow profes-
[■ the religion of Jesus Christ the lollow-
a; appeal :
We submit that the deliverance of the
jrlJ frcjm the curse of war is to be effected
ainly by the force of Christian principle,
is this that would make war impossible,
' removing the causes, pretexts and prac-
!es which perpetuate the system.
Commercial interests and other temporal
nsiderutions, however important, can never
adicate the evil, because they do not reach
e corrupt passions which engender strife,
iristiunity alone goes to the root of the
atter. Much, therefore, as we value all the
mcies which contribute to the maintenance
peace, we confine our present remarks to
: religious aspects of the question.
The war system will die when all Christian
fople are willing to accept in their fulness
teachings of the New Testament, and to
t them out. It is thus within the power of
aristians to make war impossible amongst
e nations of Europe.
But it is a question o£ individual conviction
id faithfulness; and we are not at liberty to
nk personal convictions in any supposed
quirements of worldly polic}' or political
cessity. The authority of Christ's kingdom
to be established in the earth by the prac-
;al adoption, now, on the part of Christians,
' its holy and beneficent laws. The Chris-
m must not postpone his obedience to any
quirement of his most holy faith, under the
ea that the time has not come for the full
alization of the reign of the Messiah ; by
ich an idea all faithfulness is paralj'zed.
We are bound to obey the commands of
hrist without reference to consequences
e is our Master, not merely our adviser.
"Ye are my friends," said He, "if ye do
hatsoever I command you." " Why call
3 me, Lord ! Lord ! and do not the things
hich I say?" "Teach all nations," — "to
)serve all things whatsoever I have com-
anded you."
We are sometimes taunted with pleading
r " peace at any price." It is true that we
aid all war to be forbidden to the Christian,
not as a matter of policy merely, but as an
important principle of our religion ; and thus
we hold the doctrine of " peace at any price,"
in the same way as we hold the faith of Christ,
" at any price ;" or as an honest man is honest,
"at any price." If need be, wo must be pre-
pared to suffer in the maintenance of God's
truth, " eoramilting the keeping of our souls,"
antl our lives and property too, " unto Him, in
well doing, as unto a faithful Creator." Yet
wo are persuaded that His immediate power,
and the laws of His spiritual and moral gov-
ernment, often interpose a shield between His
faithful servants and their enemies. " When
a man's ways (or a nation's) please the Lord,
He maketh even his enemies to be at peace
with Him."
We are bound, under all cireurastanecs, to
follow the example of our Master, who was
meek and lowly in heart; "who, when He
18 reviled, reviled not again ; when He suf
fered He threatened not, but committed Hini-
If to Him thatjudgeth righteously."
The leading principles exemplified in the
:rsonal work of Christ are love and forgive-
!ss. It is not possible to reconcile His ex-
ample with the spirit and practice of war.
We recall His rebuke to His di-sciples, " Ye
know not what manner of spirit ye are of;"
and again, '• Put up again thy sword into its
place ; for all they that take the sword shall
perish with the sword."
Christians dishonor their Lord in doubting
the wisdom and practicability of His counsel.
Christ understood human nature perfectly',
ind we accept His plan of dealing with evil
as divinely wise.
p]vil can never be finally overcome by evil ;"
t is, rather, thereby nourished and perpetu-
ated. We are to " overcome evil with good."
The world as yet knows little of the dis-
arming power of Christian love and forbear-
ance. The evil passions of men are often
wonderfully restrained and subdued, and their
hearts attracted towards the religion of " the
Prince of Peace," by the faithful exhibition,
on the part of His followers, of " the meek-
ness and gentleness of Christ."
The upholders of the war system seem to
us habitually to neglect the command to do
unto others as we would they should do unto
us.
Personal combat, as a means of settling
disputes between individuals, has long been
abolished in this country, as barbarous and
criminal. War is substantially international
duelling. There is no sound reason why na-
tions, equally with individuals, should not
arrange to submit their differences to peace-
able settlement on Christian principles. If
our statesmen were willing always to put
themselves into the place of those from whom
they differ, and honestly to examine the ques-
tion in dispute from their standpoint, we
should often be able to gain the love and es-
teem of our enemies, — a far greater triumph
Ithan we could win by the sword!
The arguments from Holy Scripture, by
hich it is frequently sought to justify defen-
sive war, are drawn either from Old Testa-
ment precept and practice, or from a few
isolated texts and facts in the New Testa-
ment.
But the Jewish traditions upon this mat-
ter, which were supposed to be based upon
Mosaic precept, were distinctly abrogated by
Christ. He put His New Commandment, in
emphatic contrast with the Old, and in clear
substitution for it. We hold it, therefore, to
be neither allowable nor reasonable to seek
for the Christian standpoint, upon this ques-
tion, in Old Testament history. And can as-
sumptions based upon the case of Cornelius,
the Eoman convert, or upon the employment
of the sword b}^ Peter in the moment of sud-
n trial, have any weight against the clear
and emphatic commands of the Saviour Him-
self?
W^iatever may be asserted as to the non-
literal character of such commands as that
we are not to resist evil, and are to turn the
other cheek to the smiter, they cannot pos-
sibly be explained so as to cover the spirit
and the exigencies of war.
As a matter of fact, can War bo conducted
upon Christian principles? It cannot, wo
think, in any shape or with any coneeivablo
modifications, be made consistent with such
commands as these: — "Love your enemies ;"
" Do good to them that hate you, and pray
for them which despitefully use you and per-
secute you."
We do not willingly recall those horrible
details of carnage and suffering which lately
saddened our hearts from day to day ; but is
not war from beginning to end and alwaj-s, a
repetition, more or less, of such revolting in-
cidents ? Who will say that the religion
which is " first pure, then peaceable, gentle
and easy to be entreated, full of mercy and
good fruits," permits such deeds ? Consider,
too, the awful probability that many of those
who fall in battle are hurried into eternity
unprepared !
The wars and war establishments of Chris-
tian nations are amongst the greatest ob-
stacles to the spread of the gospel amongst
the heathen.
Missionaries present the text of the gospel
of peace and good-will ; and soldiers from pro-
fessedly Christian lands give the comment
and the illustration. The nations of India
and China, who probably constitute half the
population of the globe, are races peculiarly
quick to detect such a contradiction, and to
reject and resent the inconsistency. The
Churches of Christ — many of them so earnest
in missionary effort — should lay this subject
to heart, and altogether withdraw their sanc-
tion and influence from a system which up-
holds so much that is evil, and which so seri-
ously obstructs the spread of the gospol._
We respect the difKcullies which prevent
some sincere Christians from arriving at our
66
THE FRIEND.
standpoint, especially in relalion to liio duties
of magistrates and citizens.
Eut we are conscious of a specific difference
between a civil and a military force. The
former, rightly administered, is used, under
strict legal restraint and within very definite
limits, to preserve life and property. It is di-
rected solely towards evil-doers, and includes
in its aims their reclamation and benefit. We
deprecate the introduction of the military
element into the police system, of which it
forms no necessary part. The citizens them-
selves, leagued together in a peaceable civil
compact, are the legitimate upholders of the
good order of society ; and if there were no
standing armj^, satisfactory permanent ar-
rangements would certainly be adopted for
this end.
War, on the other hand, is the embodiment
of lawlessness and violence. All the worst
passions and dispositions, — hatred, revenge,
carelessness of the value of human life and
property, and a disregard of the most sacred
personal rights, — are directly fostered, not
only by a state of actual warfare, but even by
the war sj^stem in time of peace.
In conclusion, we would respectfully, but
earne8tly,impressupon the churches of Christ
everywhere, our conviction that the time is
come fearlessly to adopt and to declare to the
nations the whole counsel of God in this mat-
ter. The true standard of Christian morality
in relation to it has hitherto been but feebly
upheld. Christians generally have been con-
tent to remain "in bondage under the ele-
ments of the world."
God has given to this nation a jiosition of
high trust in the interests of Christianity and
of human advancement.
Upon us, fellow Christians, rests a great
and solemn responsibility!
"Blessed are the peacemakers; for they
shall be called the children of God."
Si'lcttcd for "The Fiicn
Richard Sliackletoii to .
Ballitore, r2th of 7th mo. 178
Dear Friend, — Having mentioned to thee
that I did not know but I should take the
liberty of writing a few lines to thee on a sub-
ject which there was not then time to discuss,
and thou having repeated thy desire that I
would, I attempt it (I think I may truly say)
in humilitj', in diffidence, and in a conscious-
ness of my own comparative weakness and
inferiorit}'. We were speaking about thy not
having had a certificate to the meeting of dis-
cipline at , and consequently not being
regularly a member of it. In mj' opinion,
several inconveniences and confusion attend
such a situation, and it is incompatible with
the good order of Society, a precedent of
dangerous tendency: a P'riend thus cireum
Btanced may hold himsell' loose and disen-
gaged, may think he may attend the meeting
of discipline or not, as it suits his convenience
and inclination, and when he does attend may
excuse himself from meddling with any part
of the business which he does not like to touch,
as not being authenticated a member of the
meeting. This I apprehend to be a gieat
hurt to the parly, as well as a loss to Society;
those who wish well to the cause should wish
to be boih qualified and authorized tosupport
it, ill til. ir several lots and degrees. It is a
cause whieh admits of no neutral professors.
The Head of the Church cxju'cssly declares.
"He that is not with me is against me ; and
he that galhereth not with me scattereth
abroad." And indeed, my friend, as the cause
is the most uoble that was ever introduced
upon the earth, being no les-* than the cause
of Christ and the salvation of the souls of all
men, whoever will become qualified rightly
to support it, must be made willing to stoop
exceedingly low, they must pass through
many ba|)tisms and undergo -various opera-
tions and dispensations, before they become
fit to be honored with a portion of the Lord's
service, which dignifies beyond all human
honors, and is rewarded with eternal glory.
Our great Pattern, when he graciously eon-
descended to leave the bosom of his Father,
to descend to this earth and take our own
nature upon him, left us an example how we
should demean ourselves in fulfilling our du-
ties in the church. In the washing of the
disciple's feet, which I think boars a strong-
analogy to the transacting of the discipline
(being cleansed by Christ, and cleansing the
feet, that is, the goings of one another,) he
did not go about it in an ordinary, cursory
light, indifferent manner, he addressed him
self to the business ofiBcially, as a servant.
He riseth from supper, and laid aside his gar-
ment ; and took a towel, and girded himself;
and after that, he poureth water into a basin,
and began to wash the disciples' feet, and to
wipe them with the towel wherewith he was
girded. And to this memorable example,
replete with instruction, he adds this instruc-
tive document : " Ye call me Master and Lord:
and ye say well ; for so I am. If I then, your
Lord and Master, have washed your feet, ye
also ought to wash one another's feet ; for I
have ^iven you an example, that j'o should
do as I have done to you." And as one, that
knew how absolutely, how essentially neces-
sary a thorough humiliation of self was to a
right qualification, he makes use of his strong-
est asseveration to impress it on our minds :
" Verily, verily, I say unto you. The servant
is not greater than his Lord ; neither he that
is sent greater than he that sent him." I have
no doubt, dear friend, of thy attachment to
the welfare of the religious Society of which
thou art a member; and if thou hast followed
on to know the Lord in all his manifestations
to thee, if thou hast been faithful to the dis-
coveries of his will in all things, if he has the
uppermost room in thy heart, and thou hast
dedicated to him all thy faculties, no doubt
but our poor Society will reap the benefit of
the good fruits brought forth ; thy life will be
happy and honorable, and thy end (if thou
porseverest to the end) will be peace. But if
there be a consciousness that something is
still lacking, that notwithstanding the filling
up the moral duties of life with a good degree
of propriety, there has not been a selling all,
in the will and affections, a distributing to
those who are poor in religious povertj', and
a following Christ in the vvay and manner of
his leading.s, in the path of the cross and self-
denial, let us remember that time, and what
we may term a " more convenient season," are
not at our command, that the consummation
of all things approaches with inconceivable
rapidity, and for aught we know may be just
at the tloor ; that there is no work nor device
in the long repose of the grave, and that an
irreversible decree seals all up forever.
I am, with sincere attachment.
Thy affectionate friend,
K. S.
Evnliitioii, or tlic thi-ory of the natural ilevelopuiei';
of forms of orSauic life from lower or aiiti-ri'
forms or types. ',
From a loork entitled '' Present Conflict of Sciem i
with the Christian Mdigion," by Herbert 11
If orris, A. M.
(CoQtinued from page 59.)
The following passage occurs in the ver
able and interesting paper read by Prineip:
Dawson before the Ecangelical Alliance at it
recent meeting in the city of New York :
"The physical characters of the know
specimens of primitive men are unfavuialjl
to the doctrine of evolution. Theories i
derivation would lead us to regard the nio>
degraded races of men as those nearest aki
to the primitive stock ; and the oldest reuiuiii
of man should present decided approximatioi^
to his simian ancestors. But the fact is quit
otherwise. The skulls of the most aneiec
European men known to us are coipparabl
with those of existing races, and further, th
great stature and grand development of th
limbs in those of the most ancient skeletoc
which are entire or nearly so, testify to a rao
of men more finely constituted physically tha
the majority of existing Europeans. The skul
found by Schmerling in the cave of Engis, as
sociated with the bones of the mammoth ani
other extinct animals, is of good form an
large capacity, and presents characters whicl
though recalling those of some Buropea
races, also resemble those of the native racf
of America. The bones described by Christ
and Sartet, from the cave of Cro-Magnon, i
France, represent a race of great statun
strength and agility, and with a developmen
of brain above the European average ; but tb
lines of the face show a tendency to the Moi
golian and American visage, and theskeletor
present peculiarities in the bones of the lirat
found also in American races, and indicatin|
probably, addiction to hunting and a mifjn
tor}' and active life. These Cro-Magnon pec
pie lived at an epoch when France was ovei
grown with dense forests, when the mammot
probably lingered in its higher districts, an
when a large part of the food of its peopl
was furnished by the reindeer. Still mor
remarkable, perhaps, is the fossil man, as h
has been called, of Mentone, recently foun'
in a cave in the South of France, buried unde
cavern accumulations which bespeak a grea
antiquity, and associated with bones of extinc
mammalia and with rudely-fashioned iniple
ments of flint. It appears from the carefu
descriptions of Dr. Kurere that this man rauE
have been six feet high and of vast muscula
power, more especially in the legs, whic
present the same American peculiarities a
ready referred to in the Cro Magnon skelt
tons. The skull is of great capacity, the fon
head full, and the face, though broad an
Mongolian and largo-boned, is not prognath
ous, and has a high facial angle. The pi-rfee
condition of the teeth, along with their bein
worn perfeetlj' flat on the crowns, would in
ply a healthy and vigorous constitution an
great longevitj', with ample supplies of fooc
probably vegetable, while the fact that th
left arm had been broken and the bone healed
shows active and possibly warlike habits
Such a man, if ho were to rise up again anion;
us, might perhaps be a savage, but a nobli
savage, with all our capacity for culture, am
presenting no more aflinity to -apes than w
do.
" I have referred to European facts oulji
THE FRIEND.
G7
t it is i-einarkable that in America the oldest
ce known to us is that of the ancient Alle-
lans and Totheans and their allies, and that
esc, too, were men ofiarge stature and great
anial development, and agricultural and
rai-civilized, their actual position being not
ssirailarfrom that attributed to the earliest
Itivators of the soil in the times of Adam
Noah.
"So far the facts bearing on the physical
id mental condition of primitive man are
it favorable to evolution, and are more in
cordance with the theory of Divine Crea-
)n, and with the statements ef the sacred
cord.
" With reference to these pre-historic men,
lown to us only by their bones and imple-
ents, itmaynot be possible to discover their
slief as to the unity of God ; but wo have
stinet evidence on the other points. On the
dest bone implements — some of them made
the ivory of the now extinct mammoth —
e find engraved the tokens or Manitou marks
' their owners, and in some cases scratches
• punctures indicating the offerings made or
iccesses and deliverances experienced under
leir auspices. With regard to the belief in
nmortality, perhaps also in a resurrection,
Mentone man — whose burial is perhaps
je oldest known to us — was interred witli
is fur robes and his hair dressed as in life
'ith his ornaments of shell wampum on his
ead and limbs, and with a little deposit of
xide of iron, wherewith to paint and deco-
ate himself with his appropriate emblems.
Tor is he alone in this matter. Similar pro-
ision for the dead appeal's at Cro-Magnon
od the cave of Bruniguel. Thus the earliest
o-called palasolithie men entertained belief
God and in immortality, perhaps the dim
nains of primitive theism, perhaps the re-
ult of their perception of the invisible things
f God in the works that He had made."
So far, then, as any discoveries of this na-
ure have yet been made, they plainly indi-
cate ih-dViohat man now is man always has
leen : and that he has ever been separated
'rom all brutes by a gulf practically infinite.
; Upon what, then, it may be asked, do Dar-
Win and his followers ground their arguments
n support of their theory of Man's descent?
tdainly on resemblances between certain parts
knd functions of the human body to corro-
spondintr ones in animal bodies. These re
under certain conditions might turn out an
ape, or an elephant. But such a thing has
never been known; throughout the animal
kingdom every ovule develops into a creature
after its own kind; and this unf.iiling uni-
formity is a demonstration that the human
ovule does differ, and differ essentially from
those of all other animals.
So trivial, so uncertain, so fanciful, arc the
nstances of resemblance which Darwin in-
troduces, and so unwarrantable are his in-
ferences from thom, that one is amiizod they
could aid him in justifying, even to his own
mind, the astounding conclu-ion that Ape is
father to the Man ! His fondness for his favor-
te theory seems to have enervated his natural
power of reasoning, and to have rendered him
blind and insensible to everything that tells
against it. "He has allowed himself," says
an anonymous writer, " to become so en-
amored of the venerable pair of hairy quad-
rupeds, with tails and pointed ears, from
whom he thinks himself descended, that he
skips over mountains more impassable than
the Himalayas, and flies on the wings of im-
agination across separating and unfathomable
abysses, that he may embrace them."
For " The Friend."
letters, kt., of Margaret Morris.
(Continued from p.-\go CO.)
Margaret Morris to her granddaughter Mar-
garet Morris.
My beloved child,— In looking toward the
time when I shall probably be separated from
thee, and the change of scene that will ensue
on tiiy entering into the married life, I have
felt my mind tenderly concerned for thy best
welfare; and when fswored with access to the
place of prayer, have besought the Father of
mercies to look kindly down upon and bless
and preserve thee in the new station of life to
which thou wilt be introduced, when removed
from my fostering bosom. Let it bo thy care,
my love, to second by thy own endeavors, the
wishes and hopes of thy fond, anxious parent,
and by daily and humble application to th'
Fountain of all good, ask of Him, wisdom to
direct thee in all thy ways. As the man who
has chosen thee for the companion of his life,
has given the best proof of his regard that a
man can give, and as thou hast accepted his
offers, I find no objection to a connection with
nd, that it will depend
con-
what the world calls rich, though you have
enough to begin with, and if carefully man-
.ged, I hope, under the blessings of Heaven,
t will enable you to live comfortably, and
that you will have something for the poor,
who I hope will not be forgotten by you, re-
membering it is more blessed to give than to
receive. 1 entreat thee, my dear, not to aim
at living in a high style, be content to live in
plain frugal manner, agreeable to the way
which thou hast been brought up. In re-
gard to thy conduct to servants, treat thom
kindly, rather as humble friends dependent
on thee, than as menials who have no ties of
love or gratitude to bind them. Maintain
thy own dignity as head of a family, without
becoming too familiar with thy servants ; this
may be done without haughtiness, pride or
indecorous language. * * * I do entreat thee
not to launch out into extravagance in dress :
it shows a weak and vain mind to be con-
tinually changing one's dress as the fashions
change. Keep steadily to meetings, which,
though they may be sometimes silent, the at-
tentive mind often receives strength to per-
form acceptable worship. I wish thee to con-
fine thy acquaintance chiefly amongst friends
of our own Society ; this is not an uncharitable
wish, but springs from a fear lest thy 3'oung
and tender mind should be drawn into a snare
and tempted to imitate the vain and foolish
fashions of the world ; " such as our company
, such shall we be." I have good reason to
hope I. C. is an improving young man.
-bl^esp^f r;h;'m;stpartdistant,often bim . ^^^^;^:^:^SZ
faint or doubtful, and not untrequently merely ^
fanciful ; while he •"'■^•■'^nces drawn f on - ^M^^_^^ ^^.^ ^^.^^^^^ ^^^ relations, wl
them are altogether unwarranted. This will
|be sufficiently evident from the following ex
'amples.
' Every kind of beast originates in an ovule,
^Man also is developed from an ovule ; these
'two kinds of ovules arc so diminutive (man's
not exceeding the one hundred and twenty-
fifth part of an inch in diameter,) and so
■similar in their composition, that the eye can-
'not distinguish them : from this the astound-
ing leap is made at once to the conclusion that
"t°he human ovule differs in no respect from
the ovules of other animals."* This inference,
it will be observed, is based, not on the proved
identity of the ovules, but on man's ignorance.
or his inability to detect the difference, and
is, therefore, worthless. Here, indeed, is simi-
larity, but not identity ; for, if such ovules
differed" in no respect," then that of a donkey
* Descait of Man, Vol, I, p 14.
both to him and his friends and relations, who
are worthy of thy regard ; study his temper,
and do not suffer thyself to dispute with him
on trivial matters: rather give up thy own
1 than provoke him to make harsh replies;
scrupulously avoid every occasion that may
arise or tend toward wrangling ; be not only
condescending, but obedient; it is the duty of
a wife so to be. In expressing thy love to
him, let it be chastened by the delicate man-
ner which .so remarkably distinguished our
admired friend and cousin, Susan Emlen, who
is a pattern for her sex in all that is worthy
of imitation, I think my daughters in their
wedded life were much like her. In regard
to the article of expense, I trust prudence will
direct thee not to go beyond thy husband's
means of supplying thee. Practice frugality,
which is a virtue, and avoid parsimony, which
is as far from a virtue as extravagance is from
leconomy. As neither thyself nor I, C, arc
and
that he will become a useful member of our re-
ligious Society ; endeavor, my love, to cherish
in^him and thyself a serious turn of mind, and
avoid all light conversation ; guard against
repealing evil reports, and carefully avoid
detraction; never speak against the absent ;
if thou art in company with those who take
the liberty of so doing, show thy disapproba-
tion by keeping silence ; this will afford satis-
faction to thy own mind on reflection ; this
will bo doing to others as we would have
them do unto us ; a chaste and virtuous wifo
should be very delicate and reserved in the
expression of her conjugal love before wit-
nesses, * * * I am writing just as I should
talk to thee on these subjects, but as I do not
expect to be much with thee after thy mar-
riage takes place, I commit my thoughts to
paper, that when separated, and this scrawl
falls in thy way, the hints contained in it may
dwell on thy mind and serve to convince thee
how desirous I am that thy future conduct in
every station of life should be marked by a
blameless deportment. I have noticed with
pleasure thy readiness to contribute to the
comfort of the sick and poor, and though thy
means of continuing the practice may not be
large, yet be not discouraged ; remember who
it was pronounced a blessing on the " widow's
mite" formerly ; if we can't do all we wish to
do, let us at least do what we can.
Written by thy tenderly aft'ectionate and
anxious grandmother, M. M,
For "The Friend."
The Tract Repository.
Sinco the commencement of its publication
there have been printed about 170,000 copies
of The Tract Repository, or an average edi-
tion of 10,0J0 copies of each of the seventeen
numbers issued. These have been circulated
gratuitously, chiefly in Virginia, North and
South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Missis-
G8
THE FRIEND.
sippi, Louisiuna, Texas and Missouri, with a
few in Tennesso, Kentiick)', Mainland, and
Bomo other Stales.
A largo numlier of letters have come to
hand from teachers and otheis to whom it
has been sent, expressive of much thankful-
ness for it, and some of them have been ac-
companied with assurances that beneficial
results from its circulation among them are
quite apparent in some localities. This has
been particularly encouraging, and induces a
desire that the necessary means may still be
had to enable the publisher to continue it
awhile longer. There has already Ijeen con-
tributed for the purpose, since the first num
ber was printed, the sum of 8811.88. The
cost of issuing the seventeen numbers has
been $820.31, or an average of about $48.25
per number. This is exclusive of consider
able labor gratiiiiousl}^ performed in printing,
of which no account has been kept.
There is, perhaps, no other way in which
a corresponding amount of reading matter
could be placed before these people at so small
a cost, as that adopted in issuing The Rep^
tory ; and though not in so permanent a shape
us if in a bound form ; yet letters frequently
allude to the care used in preserving the
numbers, from the value with which they are
regarded. JSach succeeding issue appears to
be looked forsvard to with interest by many,
both old and young; and its appearance amonj;
them is hailed with real delight. It is be
lieved that this plan of sending at regular
monthly intervals, small instalments of care-
fully selected reading matter, is the best one
that could be devised, and much more likely
to confer substantial and permanent benefits
upon these poor, ignorant, and long oppressed
jjcople, than by sending an occasional, uncer-
tain supply of ordinary tracts, however good
and desirable these in themselves may be.
It has afforded me much solid satisfaction
to superintend the preparation and publica-
tion of The Tract Repository, and I will
gladly continue to bestow the necessaiy care
and labor upon it, while the requisite funds
for defraying the expense involved are placed
at my disposal. A much larger edition than
10,000 copies would be very desirable, could
the moans for the purpose be obtained, as it
is impossible to supply all with more than a
part of the quantity they often appear very
desirous of receiving.
Friends who may incline to contribute, but
who have not seen The Repository', can have
some numbers mailed to them if they re-
quest it.
Contributions can be handed to Jacob
Smedley, at Friends' Bookstore, 304 Arch St.,
or sent direct to the publisher, David ileston,
Frankford, Philadelphia.
Aliout French Farming.
An English expert, — Richardson, has re-
cently published an elaborate account of farm-
ing in France, which gives a great deal of
useful information on the rural life, industry
and production of thatrich country. Curious-
ly enough, no Englishman has written on the
subject since Arthur Young, a famous authori-
ty in his day, published an account of his
travels in 1787, 8 and 9. There are many
suggestions in Richardson's book that point
to new markets and new industries for our
farmers; tiius French butter is largely sent
to Brazil, where it brings fifty cents a pound
and, while it only brings twenty-five cents in
Paris, the producers complain that women
are leaving the dairies to go to town, and
butter makers are giving up that business to
turn their fields to grazing and fattening cat-
tle as a safer business. There are seventy
kinds of cheese made in France, and each
district has its specialty, that makes its name
famous, while the largest makers rarely rent
over five hundred acres or pay over eighteen
dollars an acre for the land used by them.
Many small farms in France pay their rent
with the produce of their poultry yards. A
million dollars' worth of poultry produce mor(
than half their value yearly in eggs, favorite
breeds laying a hundred eggs a year for over
five years. England alone imported eight
hundred millions of eggs, at a cost of twelve
millions and a half of dollars, and Paris alone
buys six millions of eggs weekly. Vineyards,
chestnuts, olives, almonds, mulberry planta-
tions, ozier beds, are only a few of the special
productions that swell the agricultural wealth
of Fi'ance, and are part of the so-called small
industries that aggregate a very large sum,
which we, too, in ^his country, ought to be
adding to our national products. The ex-
cellence of the French fruits is incontestable;
and yet a large portion of the yield is from
trees planted around fields, instead of in or-
chards, and only careful and close manage-
ment makes the result almost uniformly suc-
cessful. The farming population in France
is not well educated; an average of thirty
per cent, of the inhabitants over six cannot
read or write, while the decrease in numbers
and the diminution in stature, as shown in
the rejections for military service, even with
the low standard of five feet four, are matters
of serious comment. The government statis-
tics of agriculture are notoriouslj' unreliable,
but luckily there are agricultural societies,
national and local, of the best sort, many
members of a high scientific order applying
their knowledge to the actual requirements
of the farmer, and securing the best advan-
tages to producers of every kind. The skill
and patience with which the ravages of time
and wars have been overcome now make
France prominent in man}' things that only
a few years ago were almost neglected. In
spite of the losses of the great Napoleonic
wars and of the recent German invasion
France has six millions of horses and supplies
the foreign as well as domestic demand, while
yielding a handsome profit by carefully im-
proving the race and largely economizing the
cost; feeding on parsnips instead of graiti,
for instance, is a means of very great saving.
Then, throughout France, there are many
occupations curried on, such as cloth workers,
watchmakers and other lucrative industries,
by small farmers, who till their little patches
of ground, and out of their double earnings
save enough to invest a comfortable sum in
Governments or in good local securities. The
careful extension of railroad facilities and the
thorough system of good country roads have
revolutionized France, and many districts
that were poor a few years ago are now
sharing and adding to that prosperity which
distinguishes Franco to-day.
Tho beet root sugar industry is characteris-
tic of the way in which Franco has added to
gricultural wealth and its national re-
sources. Invented in Germany in 1799, it
was introduced in Franco in 1810, when its
and finds a rival only in that from Denmark, ports were closed by the British fieets
the sn]iply of foreign sugar was cut off. Be
root sugar was introduced into one distri
after another after years of patient trial ai
steady Government encouragement and pt
tection, until now France produces five hu
dred thousand tons of sugar, about a four
of tho total.sugar yield of the world, and tw
thirds of the spirits distilled in France a
produced from the residue after the sugar
obtained, while tho«cattle are largely fed fro
what would otherwise be a waste produc
A thousand million gallons of wine product
two hundred millions of dollars. The ra;
roads have doubled the money realized fro
wine and milk. Scientific farming, drainag
irrigation, experimental farms, agricultur
colleges, have overcome the evils of ignoranc
war, and other drawbacks in French agricu
turo, but there aro still a few outlying di.
tricts in which there aro bad roads, wreiche
horses, food of the poorest kind, bread (
buckwheat and rye, porridge of chestnuts an
potatoes, if they can be spared from the pigs
farming backward, education neglected, rivei
running to waste, cattle degenerating, over
million of acres in chestnut timber, the chesi
nuts u.sed to fatten the pigs ; the land farme
on shares, but in such a way that all th
profit is taken out of the soil and put awa;
in hard coin in hiding. A hundredth parte
the farinaceous food of France is derived fror]
chestnuts, and an acre fully planted is said tj
contain seventy full grown trees, whose yiell
would support a man for over a year; but hi
would be a weakly fellow, sure to be rejectee
for the army; while the horses fed in thes-
chestnut forests are as wild as those of ou:
western prairies, and only serve to supply n
rough stock for tho regular breeders. I
large source of saving in France is found ii:
the custom of working the cattle, and oxei
are used for draught in all tho great French
iron and other industries.
Then tho timber of the country is carefullj
managed and economized ; the largest forest
in Franco is one of a hundred thousand acres,
belonging to the Government, but the private
owners, too, are regulated by law as to cutting
and planting again their trees. The same
strict police supervision is applied to every
article of food. The seventy-five thousand
gallons of milk used daily in Paris, and yield-
ing an average price of five cents a pint,
undergo regular inspection, although the se-
vere penalties of the law do not always jire-
vent its being greatly "sophisticated." The
contrast between France and England in the
matter of landed esiatt^s is very striking. The
greatest landlord in France has an income ol
two hundred thousand dollars from his pro-
perty, and Rothschild is satisfied with an es-
tate of eight thousand acres not far from
Paris.
Of course the special industries of France
yield large profits, for instance tho champagne
wines, that take their name from a district
of country, are produced on only one hundred
thousand acres out of two and a half millions
in Champagne; but they give tho farmers a
profit of five millions of dollars, and tho manu-
facturers and dealers make as much more.
Many French agricultural districts have their
local trades, carried on by farmers living to-
gether in villages, and able to economize and
compete oven with labor-saving machinery.
Thus a French I'armer often makes on au
average forty watches a year, all his family
working at some part of the machineiy in
THE FRIEND.
G9
n^ to tempt Jesus to expose himself, need-
,essly, to peril, he siiid, " It is written thou
shall uot tempt the Lord thy God." — Golden
Rale.
A SOXG IX THE NIGHT.
When I awake, I am still with Thee."-
cxxxis. 18.
In silence of the middle night,
I wake to be with Thee ;
And through the shadows as the light
Thy mercy smiles on me.
I talk with Thee upon my bed,
In meditation blest.
And sweetly pillow there my head,
Upon my Saviour's breast.
I think of Him who knelt and prayed
At midnight on the hill ;
Then walked the s
And bid the !
His friends to ;
be still.
in winter leisure, while in America one
Q using special patents in a great factory
sessin^ every appliance, turns out a hun-
d and fifty. It is largely due to this union
industries and to the minute subdivision
abor as well as of land, and the multiform
nomies by which every product of the soil ..^hpn T .iw^ke. T am still with Thee."— Psalm
carefully economized, that France adds
iriy to its national wealth. The popnla-
n increases only at the rate of a hundred
(usand a J'ear, while over a hundred and
y thousand infants under one year die
aually, so that the risk of diminution of
lOr supply is a problem that requires the
,st careful study of the authorities civil and
entific. The care of human life in France
therefore, a matter of policy as well as
ilanthropy, and, as an evidence of this, the
ivernment points with emphasis to its pro-
ion of nearly two hundred thousand beds
hospitals, and to its large and liberal en-
iragement of asylums for children, and
loolsfortheirtechnieal education and physi-
1 development. On the other hand France
necessarily dependent on foreign countries
• many of its staples, its wheat supply in
76 only produced twenty-five millions of
liars, and its meat doubled in value, al-
ough it only slightly increased in yield,
ring to the demand made by new markets
ened by additional railroad facilities. All
these are matters that come close home to
for, with our boundless resources, we
ast always watch closely the markets of
e world to ascertain where our products
n find the best buyers, and, with the stagna-
3n of many of our great industries, it is im-
)rtant for us to see how far we can apply
i our own fields and farms the lessons and
18 examples of French agricultural economy,
here everything is cultivated to profit, and
lousands of waj^s arc found for turning into
ealth those natural products that are here ^ ,,. ,„,. lo.n ^^..nno-
,0 often wasted from ignorance, as we 1 as Sometime about ^h V f "L^n, .'.bl/hom!
■ "in of our man named Cresson, left a comfortable home
I think of Him who took the cup,
In dark Gethsemane ;
And gathering strength from prayer rose up
To die for such as me.
I think of heaven, where never more
The weary ask for night,
But ever fresh'ning glories pour
New raptures on the sight.
So do I learn a parable
That in my darkest day,
When waves of sorrow round me swell.
The storm will pass aw.ay.
Nor will I turn my head aside, ^
Though bitter griefs be mine ;
But say "with Him, the Crucihed—
Father, my will is Thine.
Thus shall I praise Thee while I've breath.
To sing Thy love to me.
And welcome e'en the night of death.
To wake and be with Thee.
G. W. Bethune.
Conversion at Sea.
ilth of
vish carelessness, the be.settin
irmers, resulting from the natural
le soil, the cheapness of laud, and general
Phila. Ledger.
rosperitj'.
in Philadelphia for a career of adventure.
His father, without whose knowledge or con-
sent he had gone, followed him to New Bed-
ford. Here he found him intent on going to
While it is true that no one can escape sea. As he deemed it more wise to direct
bmptation entirely, there is no doubt that
., can largely modify its influence. The
^mptations which inhere in a man's moral
lake-up, he can not wholly run away from,
(Ow much soever he may" desire it, because
he evil is in him, as disease is in the tainted
ilood. But he can largely modify its actions,
ind lessen its virulence. One way to do this
k to keep himself from sights and sounds and
Brroundings which inflame his passions and
harpen the edges of his appetites. If his
emptation is in the direction of stimulants,
ihen let him avoid the sight and smell of
liquor and the companionship of those who
;rink. So whatever his weakness, let him
the future course of his son than peremptori
to stop it, he obtained for him a situation on
a whale ship about starting for a cruise in
the South Pacific. The captain, Wm. P.
Howland, was in connection with the Society
of Friends, and on this account he felt better
satisfied to entrust his son under his care.
But, alas! how little can profession do for
us! How little do the virtues of ancestry
avail us! The captain, notwithstanding his
religious connection, was a profane and wicked
man. The mates were in this respect, per-
haps, his equals ; so that in the enforcement
of the discipline thought necessary on ship-
i-e subjected to much abuse.
board, the crew wer
keep beyond the reach of whatever can pene- A large share of this abuse fell to the jot of
rate him at that point.. The Indian method (Cresson. It had been in the indulgence of a
»f fighting is an excellent one in spiritual
warfare. "The soldier of Christ should keep
limselfundercoverasmuch ashecan. Agood
leal of dodging is allowable in a contest with
3atan. Discretion is the better part of valor.
It times, and it is better to beat a masterly
■etreat, than to have your soul captured bodi-
y. A man who is morally weak at any
aoint and who, nevertheless, persistently ex- J. _ •-...,■- n
Joses'that point to attack, commits the gravest devolved t^he responsibility of P'-';^';^^-^ , ^ . ^^,
3f sins. When the great adversary was striv- ' ciplme. In the event ot any misconduct, oi
proud, indomitable spirit that he had ab
sconded from home; and with this disposi
tion still rife in his bosom, he was required
to submit to the subordination of seafaring
life. His superior mind and education made
him a leader among the crew, and thus he
became an object of jealousy to the officers
of the ship. This spirit of mistrust was es-
pecially nursed by the captain, as upon him
assumed misconduct among the crew, the
charge was likely to be made out against
Cresson.
On one occasion the captain had been ar-
ranging some timber for the carpenter to
work at, and while doing so, missed the rule
he had been using. A careful search failed
to discover it. While thus baffled in his en-
deavors, he commenced questioning Cresson
about having hidden or stolen it. The ques-
tions soon grew into charges, and these be-
came more and more pointed and furious,
until he even threatened that the victim of
bis suspicion should be " skinned alive" if the
ule was not at once produced. But he was
restrained from further violence. The con-
scious innocence of Cresson rose superior to
his unfounded malice. The rule was after-
wards found behind a sliding pannel of the
cabin, where it had dropped from the posi-
tion in which the captain laid it.
In another instance, when Cresson was at
the helm, the captain was on the lookout for
whales Wishing to change the course of
the ship, he called out, "Keep here close to."
Although his order was obeyed, it was re-
peated, and again repeated, until the helms-
man was induced, in his efforts at strict obedi-
ence, to turn so much as to " bring down the
sails." This brought upon him the enraged
captain in a storm of profane words and
physical violence, so that his still unsubdued
spirit, was roused to resistance. For this
offence, thus brought on, he was tied to the
mast and lashed, and his bleeding stripes
wtished with brine.
As this continuous cruelty seemed unen-
durable, the crew concluded to petition the
consul at one of the South American ports
for a redress of grievances. Accordingly, a
paper drawn up on their behalf by Cresson,
was sent to that officer on arriving at the
place. He responded by calling on the cap-
tain with the document in his hand. The
latter called the crew before him and de-
manded the author of the offensive paper.
Cresson acknowledged having written it, but
stated that it was the united act of the crew.
This measure was so far from aflording the
desired redress that it but added to the fury
and abuse of the captain. The spirit of Cres-
son was now broken. Henceforth his con-
duct was that of abject submission. He hated
the officers but dai'ed not on any occasion act
so as to incur their resentment.
These incidents have been narrated that
we may in some measure comprehend the
depth of that Divine Love that yearns for the-
salvation of all, and the power of that Grace
by which man may be rescued from a "pit
so horrible."
Sometime after this, Cresson was one day
ao-ain at the helm, the captain stading out on
the davits, and the rest of the ship's com-
pany below or out of sight. At a sudden
lurch of the ship, the captain lost his hold.
No one but Cresson saw him fall into the sea,
and whatever were his latent feelings of re-
sentment, he obeyed the better impulses of
his nature. He called out, " Man overboard !"
and as soon as possible "brought the ship
to " The captain was agaiu taken on board.
It might be supposed that on being thus
rescued from a watery grave, he would at
least have expressed thanks to the men con-
cerned in his escape. But no; so far was
he debased below the common courtesies of
humanity, that he paced the deck in wrath,
70
THE FRIEND.
vainly assuming that the crew or some oflin Infinite Wisdom, as best adapted to ou
thorn were chargeable with an attempt to
"get rid of him."
The vessel had now rounded Cape Horn
on the homeward voyage. The captain, re-
leased from the excitement of the whaling
ground, had an opportunity for reflection.
Just wiiat those reflections were we know
not. He is no longer in this state of exist-
ence to tell us. tint within a few weeks
from the time of his being thrown overboard,
the crew noticed a change in his demeanor.
Nothing like a profane oath was any longer
heard from his lips. No act of violence was
committed by his hand. That voice once
dreaded for its sternness was now mellowed
by a different spirit. The change of character
appeared complete. The kindness breathed
by his words and actions astonished a crew
to whom this conduct was a strange exhi-
bition. He became the object of their fre-
quent remarks ; but it does" not appear that
any one spoke or thought lightly of his
motives or procedure. They no longer dread-
ed him. The more they contemplated the
changed captain, the more they respected
the more they loved him.
In the development of his altered behavior,
be one day had the crew together and said
to them. " Men, I do not wish you hereafter
on meeting me to take off your hats ; and
addressing me you need not say ' Sir,' but
simply call me 'Captain Ilowland.'"
The idea however was started among the
men that if the captain was sincere, he must
make an acknowledgment to Cresson, to-
wards whom his conduct had been especially
unju'^t and cruel. The convictions of Divine
Grace, the faithful monitor in the heart, did
not long permit the captain to neglect the
discharge of this humiliating duty. He one
day sent for Cresson to come to the cabin.
There, with no one else present, and with
the open bible before him, ho confessed the
injustice of his treatment, and asked his for-
giveness.
During the rest of the voyage he not only
maintained a tone of uniform kindness to-
wards the crew, but also endeavored to re-
strain the violence of the mates.
Crosson's feelings towards the captain had
been wrought to such a pitch of resentment
that he promised himself that as soon as re-
leased from the discipline of the ship, he
would retaliate with personal violence. Even
when the captain had with such feeling asked
his forgiveness, he felt no disposition to grant
it. As had been the case with the captain,
he, loo, for a time, held out against convic-
tion. The hard heart of the unregenerate
man is not commonly changed in a moment.
But before they landed, the same convicting
influence that had overcome the heart of tho
stern master of the ship, wrought a happy
change in his own feelings. Ho then could
forgive. He could respect and love the man
who hail so deeplj' wronged him.
Wrn. P. Howland, after his return, lived
in New BoUtord, and carried out the princi-
ples he had espoused at soa. He thus proved
that it was no vagary of the iraaijination
necessities. The call to repentance and amend
ment of life, may come at the third, the sixth,
the ninth, or the eleventh hour. It may speak
to us in thunder tones, amid the perils of the
ocean, or in the gentle whispers of conscience
when no danger is near. But in all cases it
is the same spirit of our compassionate Re-
deemer; and whoever will submit, shall make
his peace with God and experience the record
of his sins to be blotted out.
that had led him to forsake the way.s of evil,
but the living, eternal truth of God.
May the circumstances here narrated en-
courage others to close in with convictions
Ibr sin whenever met with. The Grace of
God, which bringoth salvation, still appears
unto ull men. J Is visitalions are hioUmI out
Incidents and Reflections.— No, 19.
PROPHETIC VISIONS.
It is an opinion prevalent in the Christian
world, that the prophetic visions with which
holy men were favored in former ages are no
longer vouchsafed ; and that in these days we
are not to expect manifestations of Divine
power, such as the healing of the sick, which
was practised by the Apostles, and which no
doubt aided them in convincing the people of
the Divine origin of the religion they preached
to the world. The testimony of scripture does
not seem to sanction this opinion, for it was
foretold by the prophet Joel, as one of the
features of the Christian dispensation, that
the Lord would pour out his Spirit upon all
flesh, and the sons and daughters should
prophesy, the old men should dream dream.s,
and the young men should see visions. There
are (jiany proofs that the spirit of prophecj',
in tTie sense of foretelling future events, as
well as of preaching the gospel to the people,
is not wholly withdrawn from the Church.
John Richardson mentions that as he was
walking in a field with his soul in deep con-
cern, meditating on the things of God, and
fervently praying to Him for preservation,
his mind was brought into an heavenly frame
as in the presence of the Lord, and covered
with fear and reverence before the Majesty
of heaven. In this condition the language
was presented to his mind, " The people are
too many, I will thin them, I will thin them,
I will thin them." In a religious visit, which
he paid soon after, this prophetic vision was
published, at such places as he felt called upon
to do so. At Kilmouck, in Scotland, he was
concerned to tell Friends, " that the Lord the mind, in a state of unwatchfulness, whe
would take many of them away ; which in a the passions are moving, and the imaginatio
short time came to pass, for many died before 'at liberty to form ideas destructive to tW
that time twelve month, it being the time of, mind, being thereby depraved and wounded
scarcity of corn ; and it was thought many And whcn^so, is it not likewise reasonable t
died for want ot bread the year ensuing my think, that the Almighty himself, who is th
being there." ... most pure, merciful and beneficent spirii
John Richardson, in his account ot this knowing all events and things, doth some
matter, gives a wise cnution to all who may] times, at his pleasure, visit the minds of man
apprehend that they have received similar , kind, through Christ, as throu<rh or under;
openings, to be careful, that "nothing of the vail, so as to communicate of" his ijoodnc
ance, and magnified that Hand which wrouj
it, and preserved us from going in that sh
which was lost near the islands of either J
sey or Guernsey, and, as it was said, abt
seventy people were drowned."
When Thomas Story was in Ireland, at f
castle of Shannigary, on William Penn'sesta
he met with a gentlewoman of good sense a
character, who related to him the follow!
incident :
"That she being in the City of Cork wh
it was invested by King William's army,
having a little daughter of hers with hi
they were sitting together on a squab ; ai
being much concerned in mind about tl
danger and circumstances they were und(
she was seized with a sudden fear, and stroi
impulse to arise from that seat, which she d
in a precipitant manner, and hasted to a
other part of the room ; and then was in li
concern for her child, to whom she called wi
uncommon earnestness to come to her, whi(
she did ; immediately after which came a ca
non ball and struck the seat all in pieces, ai
drove the parts of it about the room, withoi
any hurt to either of them.
From this relation," T. S. says, "I to(
occasion to reason with her thus: ' That i
telligence which gave her notice, by foar,
the danger they were in, must be a spirit'u
being, having access to hor mind (which
likewise of a spiritual nature) when in th
state of humiliation, under those circumstai
ces; and must also be a good and beneficei
Intelligencer, willing to preserve them,
furnished also with knowledge and foresigl
more than human. He must have kno"v
that such a piece would be fired at that tim
and that the ball would hit that seat,
infallibly destroy you both, if not prevente
in due time by a seasonable admonition ; whic
He suggested by the passion fear, (the pa
sions being useful when duly subjected,) an
by that means saved your lives. And soein
that the passions of the mind can be wroiigh
upon for our good, by an invisible, beneficen
intelligence in the mind, in a state of bumilis
lion and stillness, without any exterior
dium, is it not reasonable to conclude that a
evil intelligencer may have access likewise t
warmth of their own spirits be stirred up, '
but that the mind may be ])urged from its
own workings and be fitted to receive the
gift.
When the same Friend was about to em-
bark for America, he went aboard a ship in
the river Thames. He says: " We had not
boon long there, and having considered our
freedom about going in the ship, it opened
clearly in my mind, in the Light, that 1 must
not go in that vessel; and I said to tho Friends,
1 could not go in her, for I saw nothing but
death and darkness there. Tho account of
what afiorwards happened to tho ship I had
from two particular I'rionds, in two several
h;lters from London into America, wherein
tliey exiirossed a thankfulness for our deliver-
to a humble and silent mind, to heaf and
struct him in things pleasing to himself, am
proper for tho conduct of man in his pilgri
age through this present world, and lead ii
to the ne.xt in safety?' "
There are many instances on record of pov
sons l)cing brought under exercise of mind
and im]M'cssed with a sense of impending evil
or of a trial of their faith, designed, no doubt
by our Heavenly Father, to prepare them Ibi
that which was about to overtake then
When Thomas Story visited the West Indii
in 1709, the vessel in which ho sailed wi
captured by a French privateer. In bis iiar
rativo of their treatment, there occurs an i
tration of this e\-|ierience ; which is into
iiig also in showing how the Lord support!
THE FRIEND.
f faithful servants
their distress. He pleased to inspire them with so much gentle-
fs: ness and favor towards us, ray spirit was so
'On the 19th we were sent for on shore bj'j broken, as they observed, in humljle thank-
p oflBeers aforesaid, [the Jud^-e, the King's^ fulness to the Lord, who was thus kind to us
torney and the Secretary.] and very kindly I in a time so needful ; and fo
lated by them ; but Jonathan Dickinson and
Tsrc under great exercise in spirit, not yet
ing the particular cause ; which afterwards
peared to be this:
" It seems the laws of France require an
th of the owners and masters of vessels in
ch cases, the better to discover the value
vessels and things ; which they administer
holding up their hands, then imprecating
id to their loss of their part in Him, in case
falsehood, but true answer to make to every
their luvor we
were likewise grateful.' All which they heard
with great attention, and bowed themselves,
when they understood it, with gravity and a
serene and gracious respect."
to say, the result iu society at large would be
that each man would do just what was need-
ed to keep him alive, and no more. This is
the lowest form of barbarism. It is the end^
of civilization, of progress, of intelligence, of
art and science and invention and literature.
It is universal poverty of the most squalid
kind. It is sheer savagery, but it is Com-
munism.— Harper's Magazine.
esiion.
"The master, being no Friend, was sworn,
lero being a man among themselves [under-
inding English, by whom they acted,) and
For "The FrioDd."
CiiTular of the Bible Association of Ffiends in America.
In again calling the attention of Auxiliaries
to the Annual Queries to be answered pre-
vious to the general meeting of the Associa-
tion on the 6th of Eleventh month, the Cor-
responding Committee would press upon
Friends, who have been engaged in the dis-
tribution of the Holy Scriptures, the import-
ance of furnishing full and accurate answers
ey examined him strictly; and, when they I to a/Mhe Queries, and of forwarding their re-
d finished with him, proposed it next to port sertSowaWi/ to the Depository,
nathan Dickinson, but he refused; which| It may be recollected, that in making dona-
is a great surprise upon them, and some of ^ tions to Auxiliaries, the Board are guided in
em began to be a little hoat.-d and zealous; deciding what number of Bibles and Testa-
en I told them in Latin, 'That we were al raents shall be sent to each, by the informa-
ople ditfering from all Protestants in seve-|tion given in its report. Hence those Aux-
l points of religion: that we had suffered; iliaries that do not report in time, are liable
eat hardships in former limes in England' to be left out in the distribution
r refusing to swear; and many of us hadj Specific directions should be given in every
ed in prison for that cause : that king James case, how boxes should be marked and for
id given us some more favor than any be- warded ; and their receipt should always bt
re him ; and that king William in his Unxa^ promptly acknowledged.
id passed an Act of Parliament in our favor,! Address John S. Stokes, No. 116 N. Fourth
the case of oaths ; and that I believed king' Street, Philadelpl
THE FRIEND.
TENTH MONTH 12, 1878.
imes (to whom we were well known,) had
ven the king of France an account of us in
lat particular, when in his court, in the time
his exile.
" They replied, it was a difficult ease, their
w beiiig very express in the king's books ;
id looked into a printed book often on this
icasion. My spirit being under great ex
Sasidel Bettle,
Charles Kiioads,
James Whitall,
Commitlee of Correspondence.
Philada., Ninth mo. 1878.
QUERIES.
1. What number of families or individuals have been
gratuitously furnished witli the Holy Scriptures by the
,e all this time; (especiaUy while' they wore ' Auxiliary during the past year? ^.,^^^ , ,
^ ■ ■ ..u T .1 Ti- 1 ■ „„1 ,.,1,^ 2. What number of Bibles and Testaments have been
,US striving with Jonathan Dickinson who! ^^,^j ^^^ Auxiliary within the past year?
ood farm against swearing,) at last 1 toundj 3 y^^ ^^^ny members, male and female, are there
feat ease and comfort in that holy, blessed belonging to the Auxiliary ?
id over-ruling Truth, whose testimony we 4. What number of families of Friends reside within
ere thus called to bear against so great a its 'hnits? ^^,^.„^ „f FHends within your
)wer as the French, then an enemy, and we] ,.^:^^ ^^^ supplied with a copy of the Holy Scriptures
leir prisoners; and very soon alter they 1 ;„ g^oj pig^r type, and on fair paper; if so, how many?
lok his testimony, without swearing or any 6. How many mmbers of our Society, capable of
,her reservation, save only a bare and sober j reading the Bible, do not own such a copy of the Holy
elation, by promise only to answer truly j ^^^'P^^^f^, Bibles and Testaments may probably
" After they had begun their exami nation ^^ ^.^p^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^1^ ^^i^^i^ ^„„, ^^^-^^^ , '^
' him, the comfort of our blessed Lord, g. Is the income of the Auxiliary sufficient to supply
hose presence and shield was with us, so those within its limits who are not duly furnished with
icreased in my heart, that my spirit was' the Holy Scriptures?
i:A^.,..t;l^ ^f k;o ,,^,.^'lnoco „nH I 9. What number of Bibles and Testaments would it
be necessary for the Bible Association to furnish gratu
tously, to enable the Auxiliary to supply each family?
10. What number would be required in order to fur-
nish each member of our religious Society, capable of
reading, who is destitute of a copy, and unable to pu
roken in a consideration of his goodness and
lithfulncss to us, though I had a full recom-
enso for all 1 had suffered; and, some tears
inning down as I sat by, one of them ob-
;rved it; and, being in a surprise and ad-
i'''''>'?.".„°IJ'L.^l7. V°*l"^I^uil'?'!?l''/ri'''ll' How many Bibles and Testaments are now on
hand
nterpreter ; but I made them a sign o
lence, which they all took, and were still a
aort time, and then proceeded in their ex-
mination. Then I told them, when that
■as over, I would relate the cause of those
sars.
"The examination being over, which was
one both with all gentleness and strictness,
aen they inquired the cause of ray weak-
ess ; to which I answered :
" ' That though it had pleased God to per-
"■" into the hands of these men.
lit us to
Communism is substantially a demand that
property shall be di^-ided equally among al'
men, and that there shall be no more rich or
poor. But if one man on the frontier can cut
down twice as raany trees or clear twice as
large a field in a day as another, yet at th
end of the day the result is to be divided
equally between them, what will happen
The next day the first man will take care to
cut only half as many trees, and to clear no
nd brino- us under so great a power, under' larger space than the other. The second even
lany dangers; yet perceiving He had been 'ing there will bs nothing to divide. That is
Owing to the finite capacity of the human
mind, and its liability to bias from incidental
prepossessions, those who write or speak on
any given subject, are prone to lay special
stress on those phrases which have particu-
larly engaged their attention, perhaps rather
to the neglect of other and equall}' important
points of view. This may occur indeed where
there is no design to do so, nor any real lack
of belief in the truths thus apparently ignored ;
but rather because of a desire to aim directly
at the mark in the mind of the writer or
speaker, without needless incumbrance by
collateral issues, which may be assumed as
granted by all.
It has been, we think, largely for want of
allowance for these considerations, that many
have unfairly criticised the exponents of the
views of Friends, and charged them with
denying some of the cardinal doctrines of
Christianity. Thomas Evans, in his Exposi-
ionofthe Faith of Friends, says: " The pecu-
iar views which the Society entertained of
the spiritual nature of the gospel dispensation,
rendered its members obnoxious to much op-
position from high professors who were little
acquainted with the practical and renovating
influence of true religion. Manj- and serious
were the accusations which their enemies ex-
hibited against them." He then enumerates
among these charges the denial of the scrip-
ture doctrine of the Holy Three that bear
record in heaven, because they rejected the
use of the word "Trinity" as one of human
invention. That they denied the Divine au-
thority and authenticity of the Holy Scrip-
tures, because they refused to apply to them
the title of the " Word of God." That " not-
withstanding repeated declarations of the
soundness of their faith, the enemies of the
Society greatly misrepresented and perverted
the doctrine of the light of Christ in the soul
of man. They pretended to infer from it that
the Quakers denied Jesus Christ as he ap-
peared at Jerusalem, to be the Saviour of men.
That they believed the Godhead, or whole
Christ to be in them, thereby equalling them-
selves with Him, and rejecting all belief in
Jesus Christ, except as the Spirit in man.
They likewise charged Friends with allegoriz-
ing away the sufferings and blood of Jesus,
by making them only typical of the inw^ard
operations of the Light — and with holding the
erroneous notion that He was nothing more
than a great prophet, supereminently endued
with the Spirit of God which dwelt in Him
no otherwise than in us. These unfounded
charges were met on the part of the Society
with the most solemn and unequivocal denial.
Nor did Friends rest satisfied with a mere
negative assertion of what they did not be-
lieve. In a subject of such high concernment
they deemed it an incumbent duty to declare,
72
THE FRIEND.
in the most explicit and positive manner, Ivites us unto himself." These, as they in
what they rfiVZ believe, in order that the world livincr faith take Christ's j'oke upon them,
might know they really were what they pro- '" " '"
fessed to be — sincere and humble believers in
all the doctrines of the Christian religion. To
satisfy every doubt, and silence every cavil,
they published repeated declarations of their
faith, drawn up in language that can neither
be misunderstood nor equivocated ; and al-
though these are not called Creeds, nor pre-
sented for subscription to those who apply for
membership among them, yet thej'-are essen-
tially and properly the articles of faith and the
outward bond of union of the religious Society
of Friends."
Thomas Evans' Exposition then enumer-
ates these declarations of faith, and gives ex
tracts from them, to show the unjust nature
of the asper>ioDS cast upon the Society and
its real belief. Among them there are sixty-
two testimonies from prominent ministers and
other members of the Society in its early
stages, and twelve extracts from Epistles
issued by the Yearly Meeting of Great Britain
respecting the "Divinity and Offices of Jesus
Christ," which full}- refute the charges of un-
soundness on these important doctrines. The
work alluded to received the sanction and en-
dorsement of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting in
1827, -and has ever since been accepted by that
body as a Declaration of its faith ; and a new
edition has lately been published under its
authority. We would commend its perusal
to our readers, and especially to the young
and those not conversant with the doctrines
of the Society.* It is of vital importance that
a professing church should give due propor-
tion and emphasis to every branch of Chris-
tian doctrine, and in holding forth any which
may be estCL-med peculiar viewi, that they
should by no means be allowed, even seem-
ingly, to overshadow that great and chief
corner stone which lies at the very foundation
of all Christian profession — the incarnation
of and atonement made by the Son of God for
the redemption of mankind. " Other founda-
tion can no man laj^ than that is laid, which
is Jesus Christ;" and, '• He is the head of the
body the Church ; who is the beginning, the
first born from the dead ; that in all things He
might have the pre eminence:' Christ declared
that when the Spirit of Truth should come
into the hearts of His disciples, "he shall not
speak of himself * * * he shall glorify me;
for he shall receive of mine, and show it unto
you." Thus all who truly receive the Holy
Spirit in his blessed offices, and who are
favored with the knowledge of the history of
Christ's outward appearatice and work among
men, will be surely led to glorify the adorable
Son of God, for His meritorious sacrifice for
the sins of mankind in that prepared body of
tlesh, by which (in the language of Barclay,)
"we that wore lost in Adam, plunged into the
bitter and corrupt seed, unable of ourselves to
do any good thing, but naturally joined and
united to evil, forward and prepense to all
iniquity, servants and slaves to the spirit and
power of darkness, are, notwithstanding all
this, so far reconciled to God by the death of
His Son, while enemies, that we are put into a
capacity of salvation, having the glad tidings
of the gospel of peace offered unto us, Godls
reconciled unto us in Christ, and calls and in-
* Evan.s' Exposition can be obtained at Friends'
B.,ol<store, No. .304 Arch St., I'liiUdelpliia, bv note to
.Jacob Smedley, Jr., enclo.sing fJ.OO, which will cover
postage.
and learn of Him in the school of repentance
and humiliation for their past sins, realize the
further truth, that " it pleased the Father that
in Him should all fulness dwell. And having
made peace through the blood of his cross,
by Him to reconcile all things unto himself,"
they "have redemption through His blood,
even the forgiveness of sins."
There is no incongruity or clashing in the
various offices and manifestations of the Three
that bear record in heaven ; but as declared
by the apostle John, " He that abideth in the
doctrine of Christ, he bath both the Father
and the Son." Says Isaac Penington : "So
now to us there is but one God and^Father, of
whom are all things, and we in Him ; and one
Lord Jesus Christ, by whom are all thing
and we by Him ; and but one Spirit and one
power of life, which we have received of the
Son and Father, through which we believe,
and lay hold on the pure eternal strength and
power of the Almighty, which redeems and
saves the soul ; and so believing on Him who
raised up our Lord Jesus Christ from the
dead, here we meet with justification, and are
at peace with our God."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — Forty-seven years ago, the forty-
five acres of farm land upon whicb Stephen Girard
subsequently directed the college to be built, w.is
purchased by him for $3.3,000. In the next following
year (1832) it was still on the tax-books of Old Penn
Township,_ assessed as farm land at $200 an acre. At
that time it was probably a full mile " out of town."
Now the same tract is valued at a million of dollars,
without the costly buildings— nearly $23,000 an acre,
and the adjacent properties are valued at about the
same rate.
During the Ninth month, 187 vessels arrived at the
port of Philadelphia from foreign ports. The steam-
ship "Lord Clive" recently left this port with 800 cat-
tle ; a few days before the " City of Bristol" cleared with
30 horned cattle and 1400 sheep. The English ship
Donald McKay," the largest sailing vessel which ever
entered our port, will take out about 600,000 gallons of
petroleum.
The total amount of anthracite coal mined during
the year ending Oth mo. 28th, is 11,633,487 tons; for
the .same period last year 14,161,762 tons. Of l)itumin-
ous coal there were 2,451,004 tons, against 2,439,970
tons last year. The total tonnage for the year 14,084,-
491, for the coal year just closed, and for previous year
16,601,732 tons. ^
The public debt statement for Ninth month shows a
decrease of $6,196,.534.
The coinage of the United States mints for last month
was *8,340,.500; including 2,764,000 .standard dollars.
About 100,000 pounds of new tvpr liavr bi'en pur-
chased for the Government Printing ( tlli t' :it \V:i-liinf'-
ton, to replace that which has heenin n^.^ for „inn> tli;in
ten years, and is worn out. The old m;iii;ii:il will be
sent to the stereotype foundry connected with the Gov-
ernment Printing'ofiice, to be melted and used in the
manufacture of stereotype plates.
A shock of an earthquake, lasting about 30 seconds,
IS stated to have been felt on the Hudson river, from
West Point to Peekskill, early on the morning of the
4th ins
Virgini;
by the i
The r
ll of,
pIIow fc,
Xi-\
ler lor tiie issue of 4U,000
:ir misery exists in most of
I towns of the South,
ing stations on the coasts of
1, are expected to be finished
ud Spotted Tail Tn-
i reported as being
uanner.
I the chief of the
ly of the Treasury,
ijf merchandise, for
31.st, 1877, i3'S;38,-
951,905: for the corresponding period of preseii
$lss, 51.11, 0S7. The excess of exports over iiiiji
gold and silver coin and bullion, for eight months I
1877, $25,463,5.51 ; of 1878, $621,283. These figui
show an increasing flow of specie and American secu
ties toward this country.
From a statement of the export of provisions fro
the principal Atlantic ports, during the 8th month,
appears there were shipped 44,937,693 pounds of baoi
and hams, 4,.541,699 of pork, 3,873,341 of beef, 16,921
723 of lard, 4,491,277 butter, 6,452,493 cheese
3,500 dozen eggs.
The number of deaths in this city during the pa
week was 246. In New York 516.
Markets, &c. — American gold 100|. Governme
bonds remain nearly steady.
Flour.— Extra family, $5 a $5.50 ; patent, $6.50
18.50. Rye flour, ir3.25.
Grain.— Amber wheat, $1.04 a $1.05 ; white, $l.i
$1.10. Corn, 48 a 51 cts. Oats, 26 a 31 cts.
^ Seeds— Clover, 6 a 7| cts. per lb. ; Timothy, $1.40
$1.45 per bushel.
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts., p
100 pounds ; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. ; straw, 55 a 70 cts p
100 pounds.
FoEEiGN.— The liabilities of the City of Glasgo
Bank, which closed its doors on the 2nd inst., are r
ported to be .f50,000,000, and is the heaviest bat
failure in Scotland since 1857, when this concern all
suspended. The liability of the shareholders is
limited, and this may perhaps secure the depositoi
The bank has paid a progressively increasing divider
for several years past, until it reached 12 per cent. Tl
failure has caused great excitement throughout Sco
land. The disaster is generally attributed to
sources being locked up in bilLs, shares and debentur.
of various kinds that were not readily convertible
The Ameer of Afghanistan is said to be preparir
for war, and the India papers state that it has alread
begun, but this is said to need confirmation.
Three hundred Icelanders emigrated last month I
Canada. In the last three years, 1800 Icelanders ha\
repaired thither.
The foreign goods imported into China during 187'
amounted to over $110,000,000. The value "of tt
opium imported was about $45,000,000 : of cotton sooc
$28,000,000.
The latest census shows the population of Japan I
be 34,338,404, a steady and large increase since 1875.
RECEIPTS.
Received from Reuben Battin, Agent, Pa., $2.10, t
No. 10, vol. 53, and for Joseph McCarty, John I
McCarty, Abel McCarty, Job McCarty, John S. Brow
and George Schill, $2.10 each, vol. 52, and for Jess
McCarty, $2.10, to No. 12, vol. 53 ; from Lavina Bi
Wright, Mich., per Daniel Williams, Agent, ^2.10, vo
52; from Mary M. Appleg.ate, N. J., >2.10, vol. 52
from John T. Moorman, lo., $2.10, to No. 13, vol. 53
for Thomas Evans, Pa., $2, vol. 52 ; for Hannah Tavloi
Pa., $2.10, vol. 52: from Earl Hallock, N. Y.," pe
Aaron Mekeel, $2.10, vol. 52; from Stephen R. Smith
N. Y., $2.75, to No. 16, vol. 52 ; from Mercy Hermar.
Mass., $2.10, vol. 52; from Julianna N. Powell, N. J
$2.10, vol. 52.
FOR S.4LE,'
On reasonable terms, fifty volumes of" The Fric
Enquire of John S.Stokes, at the OHioe of "Tin
A young woman of experience, desires a situatio
teacher of small children in the familv of a Friend
Refer to S. A. R., 444 North Fifth St., Philad:i.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Wiiitor S,..sl„n opens on Second-day, llie l
nl Trnlii iiiontli. r.n-onts and Others intLUil'iii',' to >
pupils I,, 111,. Iii,ti(uli(jn, will please make , irlv ap
calinll to liKN.IAMlN W. PASSMORB, *(/>(.. Ulll.l
street Hmd P. O., Chester Co., Pa.,) or to Charlks J
Allen, Treasurer, No. 304 Arch St., Philadelphia
Philada. 9th mo. 11th, 1878.
FRIEND.S' ASYLII.M ]•
Near FranLhnl. { Tirrnl,, Ihi
)K Till': l\S\XE,
-/ II'.', ■ r:,:i,.i,!phin.
I'hvsiria.iuiidSiiperinU'iid.
Applic:.lions U,v iIk- A.liiii
nade to the Su|>ci-iiileiidLiil, c
Managers.
11 .InllM .llM,,„M.D
ssiuu ol I'.aivuts mav b.
r to any of the Board o
WILLIAM 11. I'll
i; PRINTER,
No. 422 Wall
ut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
70L. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TENTH MONTH 19,
NO. 10.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
n advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by maiL
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
C so. 116 N-ORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
olutioii, or llie theory of the iiatiiral development
of forms of organic life from lower or anterior
forms or types.
on a work mtilled •' Present Conflict of Science
with the Christian Religion," by Herbert W.
Morris, A. M.
(Concluded from page 67.)
Darwin, indeed, speaks of " the Creator and
iler of the universe," but his theory does not
bognize Him as such — ^ods of his own crea-
in are made to usurp and occupy His throne.
Darwin's theory," as Dr. Vogt says, " ignores
personal Creator, and his direct interfL-rence
the transformation and creation of species,
'.re being no sphere of action for such a being.
iven the first starting-point, a first organism,
1 existing organisms are subsequently by
Uural selection developed from it in a con-
3U0US manner through all geological periods,
!' the simple laws of transmission. There
(ise no new species by any creative inter-
rence. Even man is neither a distinct crea-
an, formed in a special manner, and ditforent
bm all other animals, nor provided loith a
fecial soul, nor endowed with a divine breath
' life ; he is only the highest product of a pro
•essive natural selection, and descends from
le simious group standing next to man."
'arwin employs such words as "contrivance,"
purpose," "adaptation," and "design;" but
B uses them, as Mivart truly observes, in
a mere figurative sense — as metaphors, and
Jthing more." He talks also of " laws" — the
law of variation," and the "law of natural
(lection;" but all that he can mean by the
!rm is the merest chance or accident, though
e disclaims this; for what are the main
luses of " variations ?" These — the charac
sr of the mate with which an animal may
appen to consort, the soil or climate to which
him may happen to lead it, or its enemies
appen to drive it. And " natural selection"
-what is the naked fact covered by this
brase? The chance issues of chance et
junters among beasts, or birds, or other an
lals— we say chance issues, for among brutes
3 among men, "the battle is not always to
ae strong, nor the race alwaj's to the swift."
low can anything bo well imagined more
urely accidental or fortuitous than such
latings, whims, wanderings and fightin
mong irrational creatures? And yet these
re "the laws" by which the world has been
ramed !
Indeed, the very existence of the human
race itself, according to this theory, is but an
accident. That the Ascidian Tadpoles, after
passing through the revolutions of millions
on millions of j-ears, at last developed into
monkej-8 and monkeys into men, depended
upon as many millions of contingencies. " We
have given to man a pedigree of prodigious
length," saj^s the great Seer of Development ;
"if a single link in this chain had never ex-
isted, man would not have been exactly what
he now is. '* To go no further back — If the
bodilj^ structure of some member of the Old
Woi'ld monkey family had not happened to be
more plastic than the rest — if that member
had not chanced to meet with a like plastic
mate — if these had produced no posterity, or
posterity not inheriting their o^vn qualities,
or had their posterity been cat off — if there
had not occurred a change in the physical
conditions of the region they inhabited, render-
ng necessary a change in their manner of
procuring food — if they had not become less
borial in their habits — if when they forsook
the trees thej' had not begun to walk on their
hind limbs instead of going on all fours — if
any one of these contingencies had not oecur-
d, the human race had never existed; there
would still have been in the world nothing
higher or better than the hairy quadruped,
with tuil and poiiuei ears, climbiDgund living
n the trees of the forest ; man, " the wonder
md glory of the universe," had not come forth
to subdue the earth, or to fill it with monu
ments of his skill and industry, or to adorn it
with altars and temples erected to the glory
of its Divine Builder.
Hence, according to Darwin, mankind are
a fortuitous race, living in a fortuitous world.
And what is this but practical Atheism, and
Atheism of the most dreary and hopeless
kind ? If this theory does not expressly deny
God, it effectually ignores God. Its tendency
is to remove the Divine Being entirely from
the view of man, and to lead to disbelief in
His providence, in His having any connection
with or interest in human afi'airs. The whole
living world is given up by this hj'pothesis to
the blind power of " fortuitous variation," and
to the hard, unsympathetic, and relentless
rule of " natural selection." The system ad-
mits not of the regard or the notice of a loving
Father in heaven ; of no beneficent providence
over man or brute. For anything that it al
lows the Creator to do in the realm of material
nature, or in the kingdom of animated beings
it might as well have been written, " God has
nothing to do with the world." On this by
pothesis. Divine benevolence has never been
exercised toward man ; Divine revelation is a
fable; salvation from sin and misery is a myth;
and the hope of immortality but the illusion
of a dream.
To call in the agency of the Creator to
account for any of the phenomena, or for
the existence of any of the organized beings
I * Descent of Man, Vol. I. p 205.
we find in the world, is very distasteful to
the advocates of Development ; the}' openly
and strenuously object to it; it is put down
18 unscientific, and deeined derogatory to
the standing of a true Student of Nature.
Professor Huxley, speaking of the succes-
sion of animals upon the earth, says, " When
we look at this wonderful history, and
ask what it means, it is only a paltering
i^ith words if you are offered the reply —
They were so created.' Notwithstanding all
this, we discover that Darwin himself has
committed, in one instance at least, this very
■ unscientific' sin. In order to obtain a start-
ng-point for his system of animal develop-
ment, he is constrained to resort to Divine
agency; for bo speaks in one place of 'life
having been originally breathed by the Cre-
ator into a few forms^ or one ;' and in another
place of 'animals having descended from at
most four or five progenitors.'"* If, there-
fore, it be thus admitted that the immediate
agency of the Creator has been concerned in
the production of four or five difterent kinds
of animals, why not in four or five hundred,
or even in as many as there are of distinct
pecies in existence ? There is nothing more
unscientific or improbable in the latter admis-
sion than in the former. And if it be confessed
that the Creator condescended to put forth
power directly and immediately for the
production of the first and lowest and simplest
of the earth's living tenants, what ground is
there to deny, or even to doubt, that He ex-
ercised his power in a similar manner for the
creation of Man, the highest and noblest of
all terrestrial creatures? On Darwin's own
admission, therefore, there is nothing incredi-
ble, nothingiraprobable in the Scripture state-
ment that God himself formed man, and
breathed into his nostrils the breath of life,
and made him a living soul.
Alfred Wallace, one of the authors of the
theory of development, makes concessions
still more explicit and decisive. He acknow-
ledges even in regard to man's body, that
Natui-al Selection " alone" could not have pro-
duced it — that an action took place in its for-
mation "different" from that by which brute
forms were evolved — and that there is evi-
dence of the action of an " overruling Intelli-
gence" in the evolution of the human form
Divine. And to the idea that the human
mind has been derived from that of the brute,
he urges objections dravvn from the origin of
some of man's mental faculties, such as " the
capacity to form ideal conceptions of space
and time, of eternity and infinity — the capa-
city for intense artistic feelings of pleasure,
in form, color and composition — and for those
abstract notions of form and number which
render geometry and arithmetic possible ;" he
also urges similar objections grounded on the
I origin of the moral sense or conscience. This
writer further states, that in his opinion, maa
Origin of Specii
X 424, 429.
74
THE FRIEND.
is to bo placed "apart," as not only the head | At that very instant, as I stood and
an 1 culininating point of the grand series ofivolvcd the thought, lo ! one of the fowls of
i;rgaiiie nature, but as in some degree a wew, heaven stopped in its flight through the air,
and distinct order of being* And what is alljalighled down on one of the branches, which
this but a virtual admission that Man, after 'hardly moved ■ beneath the shock, and then
all, both as to his Body and Mind, is, as the
Bible declares, a creation of God — the product
of a distinct and immediate act of infinite
power and wisdom ?
St. George Mivart, also an evolutionist, but
of a somewhat different school from Darwin,
while he holds that " the body of man was not
an absolute creation, but evolved from pre-
existing material, symbolized by the term
' dust of the earth,' by the operation of sec-
ondary laws" — affirms that " his soul, on the
other hand, was created in quite a different
way, not b}' any pre-existing means, external
to God Himself, but by the direct action of the
Almighty, symbolized by the term 'breath-
ing,' the VQYy form adopted by Christ when
conferring the supernatural powers and graces
of the Christian dispensation."! Here, again,
this evolutionist like the two preceding, after
a whole volume of discussions and illustrations
of his special views of Development, finds
himself at the close of it constrained to admit
the sum and substance of the whole Scripture
account of man's creation.
From the Darwinian Hypothesis, then, the
Christian has nothing to fear — nothing, in-
deed, to give him one anxious or uneasy
thought as to the ground of his faith. The
theory is powerless to aft'ect the Sacred Record
— its author has utterly failed to make out
the descent of Man from the Ape. The Scrip-
ture history of man — of his creation in holi-
ness, of his fall through disobedience, and of
his redemption through grace — remains un-
moved, uiishaken. This daring and desperate
assault, like a hundred others before it, to
undermine the H0I3' Book, has been made
but to share the fate of the wave that madly
rushes on the rock-bound coast — to be dashed
into spray and forced to retire, leaving behind
it not a trace of its violence. The foundation
of God standeth sure as ever and in this ad-
ditional discomfiture of the enemies of the
Word, the believer may find another con-
firmation of the assurance given, The gates
OF HELL SHALL NOT I'RAVAIL AGAINST IT.
began, perched there before my eyes, to war
ble forth a strain of the richest music. All
my doubts were now charmed away. I was
delighted at the incident. It seemed to me
at the moment as if I enjoyed enough to repay
me for all the trouble of the whole journey.—
Dr. H. B. Hackett.
Birds among the Mu.stard Trees.
" The bird.s . . . lodge in the branches thereof." —
Matt. xiii. 31, 32.
As I was riding across the plain of Akka
on the way to Carmel, 1 perceived at some
distance from the path what seemed to be a
little forest, or nursery of trees. I turned
aside to examine them. On coming nearer
they proved to be an extensive field of the
plant which I was so anxious to see. It was
then in blossom, full grown, in some cases
six, seven, and nine feet high, with a stem
or trunk an inch or more in thickness, throw-
ing out branches on every side. I was satis-
fied in part. 1 felt that such a plant might
well be called "a tree," and in comparison
with the seed producing it, a great tree. But
still the branches, or stems of the branches,
were not very large, or, apparently, vei-y
strong. Can the birds, I s.aid to myself, rent
upon them? Are they not too slight and
flexible? Will they not bend or break beneath
the superadded weight?
* See Natural Selection, pp. 324-308.
t Genesin of Species, p. 300.
struct him in the important lesson of obedier
and this may be done by mildness and condesc
sion. I have often had to remember wha
once boasted of, that my children, from
time they knew right from wrong, never c
obeyed my known will. This truly was owi
more to the goodness of Providence, than a
merit in their poor unworthy mother. I
whither am I running. My pen has comni
ted a theft, and ere I was aware of it, 1
stolen from me the thoughts that have lo
slumbered in my bosom ; but let it pass; p
hajjs thy son may in future time, reap soi
benefit from them, when the hand that 1
writes may be forgotten.
Love to all my kind relations. * *
1 am ever thy own, M. M,
For '■ The FrieuJ
Ebciisburg, Cambria Co,, Pa.
This town, located on the western slo]
and near the summit of the Allegheny mou
tains, at an altitude of something over 20
feet, was laid out in the latter part of the la
century. It was originally settled by Wei
people, which element still prevails
town and neighborhood — religious servie
being regularly held in that peculiar languas
This people have generally well marked fe
tures, expressive of honesty and integrity
character; meeting them on the road thd
look us fully in the face, speak, and appe;
'lling to enter into conversation, which, 1
thy own head, and it is; far as we have met with, is of an intelli
my wish, my prayer, that every blessing which | character. The grandfather of the proprieti
the goodness of Providence may permit hisjof the Loyd House, at which we lodge (Ree,
boiinty to bestow, may be the portion of myjLoyd), was one of, if not the original pr
" " " ' ' ■" n time and in prietor of the town ; he gave the ground fi
two or three of the places of public worshi]
For " The Friend."
Letters, &c,, ot Margaret Morris.
tCuutiuued froiu page 67.)
10th mo. 10th, 1810.
The time is now come that I am to resign
my beloved child, the last dear pledge commit-
ted to my care by her dying parents! And
though I claim no merit to myself for seven-
teen years of unremitted solicitude for the best
welfare of my precious orphans, and have
good reason to hope my dear girls are worthily
bestowed, yet, as the moment of parting is
just at hand, my maternal bosom feels all a
other's pangs, in the midst of which I re-
joice, in remembering thy affectionate atten-
tions and condescending love in submitting to
bear with, and sympathize in the man}' in-
firmities of old age. Should it please Provi-
dence to permit thee to see many days, I hope
the love thou hast shown me, will be returned
an hundred fold
endeared I. C. and his wife,
eternity. With this "wish" and the humble
hope that the accompanying " prayer" will
be regarded by Him who.se gracious ear has
ofttimes listened to the petitions of his poor
unworthy handmaid, 1 conclude and remain
Your truly alfeetionate parent,
M. M.
To the same.
11th mo. 3d, 1811.
* * * I felt m}' jewel, it was hard to
part with thee, but felt thankful that 1 had
been favored to see thee and thy dear child,
and that if 1 never saw you again I was will-
ing to resign you into the same hand which
gave thee into my arms at the time He was
pleased to take thy angel-mother from a world
of sorrow, and who has marvellously fulfilled
his gracious promise left on record in the
Holy Scriptures, "Leave thy fatherless chil-
dren, I will preserve them, and let the widow
trust in me." I have lived to experience the
also ground for a cemetery a short distand
out of town, which still bears his nam.
Being a Welsh preacher, and perhaps feeliu
the force and truth of the scripture declar
tion connected with the name of Ebeneze
" Hitherto the Lord has helped me," he calk
it Ebensburg, his grandson says, in remen
brance of, and in a sense of the feeling of thi
declaration ; he also on the voyage over froi
Wales, lost a son called Bbenezer. From tt
centre of the main street of the town, tl:
horizon sinks away in all directions. Tb
view from the south end of Centre street, nes
the Academy, east, south and west, is extei
sive, embracing a wide field of vision ; that O'
the east, extending down to the "Summit,
Cresson and Galitzin or 'J'unnel Hill, somj
ten or twelve miles off, on the Pennsylvauii
Railroad ; on the south, it is said, into Bedforj
and Somerset counties, distant some twenti
fulfilment of that promise, and now, late in to twenty-five miles, whilst the sun sets in th
life, can set up my Ebenezer and say, hither
to He has helped me, and shall I now pre
sumo to dispute his right to take me hence
when He sees my time of duty is nearly ac-
complished, and 1 am bending under a weight
of years; rather let me hail the approach of
the king of terrors as the messenger of peace
to conduct me to that happy land where long
separated friends shall meet to part no more ;
and, my dear M., 1 tenderly counsel thee not
to give way lo any anxious thoughts about
me. I know thou lovest me, and it has been
a pleasure to me to feel that my love has met
a most grateful return from thee ; and now m}'
dear, let it be thy care to look up to Him who
can give a blessing, and ask of Him to quality
thee to ])erfbrm a mother's part lo thy deari lands, and the Conemaugh I'ivor has its prim
child. Begin in time; it is 7iever too soon to in\c\])&\ source just north of the town. Therj
west behind distant hills. Several iudustriel
are carried on in and around the villagd
Steam sawmills for preparing both hard anj
soft lumber; some tanneries, and one or tw.
manufactories of oak staves for hogsheads^
which are hero prepared and put up int|
" shooks," each containing the staves for ond
then shipped to Cuba and perhaps elsewherj
for making sugar hogsheads, the heads beiuj
supplied from other localities. The name Oi
the county is an ancient name of Wales. i
One coming from the oast is surprised a:
the amount of land under cultivation on thes.
table lands of the mountains. Clear spring]
of cool water issue from the sides of the hilli|
n abundance, forming rivulets in the lov|
THE FRIEND.
75
several elevations rear, from which quite
tensive and varied views are obtained, and
) rides in other directions, through what
ks like primeval forests, are attt-nded with
ch interest, and in many places impressive,
eat logs of hemlock lie upon the ground in
ious stages of decay, some covered with
lutiful, fine green moss from end to end,
Lh an occasional fern springing out of it;
1 sugar maples, with trunks of large dimen-
ns, and extending up 60 and 70 feet with-
t a limb ; beeches, and the fragrant birch,
I the principal forest productions, whilst the
)und is covered in many places with large
Driving through the woods, we stop-
d to admire the effect of the surrounding
!ne, heightened just there by the top of a
1 tall hemlock which had been broken oft"
the wind, lodged in the upper branches of
other tree across the road, forming a natural
dge some 60 or 70 feet up in the air. A
m near, seeing us stop, told us we might
Irive on, it had been there some time."
One of the most attractive drives through
B woods is to the remains of what was once
lourishing town, about two and a half miles
called "Beulah." It had in its day its
se of entertainment, shops of industry,
ivate dwellings — from which no doubt went
th funerals as well as bridal companies — a
)rary, its newspaper (printed in Philadel-
ia) but published here, and presenting, at
3 period of its existence, a rivalry for the
at of justice for the countj^, with Ebens
irg. Now silence reigns profound, not a
)use of any description remains standing,
thing left to mark the site of this once
•owing hamlet, but a few inequalities in the
rface, some heaps of stone, where houses
ice stood, an old orchard and a grave-yard
rees and grass are now growing where busy
et once trod, "showing how rapidly the
ork of man yields to the forces of nature
hen the battle of the former ceases," remind-
ns of the words of the poet :
" Earth speaks of man.
Her levell'd mountains, and her cnlliired vales,
Town, tower and temple, and triumphal arch,
All speak of him and moulder while they speak."
lut we may also remember with feelings of
ncourageraent, "That there is a city which
ath foundations," which the tooth of time
annot destroy, "whose builder and maker is
tod."
Quite an interesting feature in the country
^ the number of water troughs placed along
he road sides, where both man and beast can
ly their thirst without having to resort to
he places where ardent spirits are sold.
In connection with the sale of ardent spirits,
ve were informed of the history of the rapid
lownfall of a prominent family of the place,
f which the following is the substance. On
)ne occasion we passed a large commanding
looking dwelling, now rented by a familj' from
Philadelphia, but not long since owned and
jccupied by a very wealthy man, who had
iccumulated a large estate by the sale of
liquor, receiving from the workingman his
lard earnings, that should have gone to the
iupport of his family. In one, and perhaps
more than one instance, he went so far as to
3emand of a poor woman whose husband
worked for him, and who was to be paid in
liquor, and had herself and children to support,
the amount of a bill that the poor deluded man
owed him for excess of drink. She declined
paying it, an
as he then was she thought that he and his
wife would live to see the time when they
would want the common necessaries of life.
A few short years rolled away, and the liquor
seller, owing to dissolute children and losses
of various kinds, became reduced in circum-
tances, and the anticipations of the poor
woman were literally fulfilled ; they both died
n great want, and their son became an idle,
dissipated man. The children of the poor wo-
man receiving good instruction and brought
up no doubtto habits of industry, are now
filling useful stations in society. Surely " the
way of the transgressor is hard."
For "The Friend."
Incidents ami Reflcction.s.— No, 20.
BALAAM.
The account of Balaam, who was sent for
by Balak, King of Moab, to come and curse
the children of Israel, is one that is full of in-
terest and instruction. There can be no doubt
that he was divinely visited and instructed,
and enabled to foretell to others the Lord's
his cheeks, acknowledged our reasons were
good, and that our principles were right, and
wished that Friends would keep to them ; if
they did, it would be a blessing to the world.
This remark came home to my feelings. He
added that he was fifl3--five j-cars of age, and
never saw these things before, and that it was
marvellous to him to believe. Ho said there
must be great wisdom amongst the (Quakers
for so young a man to know so much. He
urged me to go home with him; I informed
him I could not. When we parted with him,
he gave me his hand, wished me well, desir-
ing me to remember him, and to pray for
him. This thought went through me like a
sword ; ' How can I pray for thee, when I
neglect to praj' for myself?'
"As I turned from this man, I discovered
a man that had been riding behind us several
miles unperceived by me. He suddenly rode
up and said, ' I was glad to hear you bang off
that old whig, for he is an old rebel, an enemy
to his king, and it is good enough for him.'
I turned and looked him full in the face ; it
came forcibly into my mind, 'Thou art one
- - - ■• ■ I be-
can no
uence was upon mm, ne eouiu utter tne peti- more oo a tory than i can be a wnig.' He
tion, " Let me die the death of the righteous," said, ' Whig?' I replied, that before the war
yet he was at last slain amon
.urposes. But he loved the wages of un- of the vilest of men.' I soon replied, '
•ighleousness; and though, while the holy in- Heve thou art mistaken in me, for I ca
luence was upon him, he could utter the peti- more bo a tory than I can be a whig.'
a righteous," said, ' Whig?' I replied, that before the
the'^enomics our country got much filled up with a sort of
of the Lord's people. Those who have known jmen that hung about the taverns, practiced
the Divine command to preach unto others, | card-playing, cock fighting, horse racing, and
are by no means exempted from obedience to getting drunk, and then would go home and
our Saviour's injunction, " Watch and pray abuse their families ; they were in the service
lest ye enter into temptation ;" if they neglect
this they will assuredly fall away.
Balaam's experience shows also, that the
Lord, in his wisdom, sometimes uses as his in-
struments, to accomplish particular purposes,
those who are not full)' brought into subjec-
tion to his government. Joseph Iloag relates
an incident of this kind in his own exi)erience,
which occurred when he was 17 or 18 years
of age. He was then visiting a relative, in
company with a cousin. Ho says: "It was
a time of life when, at times, 1 indulged my-
self in such conversation as promoted merri-
nient. In this way I entertained my cousin
most of the way going; but on my return, we
had not travelled far, before we were over-
taken by a man, who soon fell upon me, curs-
ing the Quakers in strong terms, because they
would not fight. It was during the rcvolu
tionary war, and critical times in that part
of the devil and of course were his children.
The Lord had suffered an evil spirit to di-
de them ; for they corrupted the land— one
part had taken side for the king, and the
other for the country. Both parties were
still in the same ])racticos. For these reasons
I cannot be tory nor whig.' He went off
whistling and left us. My cousin then rode
up, and with a serious look, said in substance :
'Joseph, all the waygoing to uncle's, thou
kept me laughing with thy nonsense, and
now thou canst talk like an angel;— set the
first man a crying, and the last one thou hast
pictured out as correctly as I could, that have
lived by him all my days. He is a neighbor
to father, and is called many things but good,
and thou hast been talking to him like a
minister; what can I think of thee?' Her sim-
ple remarks wont through me like an arrow
thrown at venture. It cut me .so close that
of the country. I heard him pretty niuchll had to sink down, reasoning with raysel ,
through, by which time I felt my mind close- 'Sure enough, what am I?' And as I sank
ly arrested with an uneasy feeling, that theldown in my mind, I felt the weight of my
principles of Truth, and the people that I be- jfolly ; then after a while it was opened to me
eved were faithful to them, should be so in the Light, and with such clearness that 1
wer to disbelieve, that the Lord put
censured, though I felt conscious that I was
not one of the faithful, which at times I forci-
bly felt ; yet, notwithstanding my embarrassed
state of mind, the Lord, I believed for the
sake of his own name, and the tender regard
He had for his faithful ones, touched my mind,
though I was hardly sensible what it was
that required me to speak, let the consequence
be what it would. As I commenced, all fear
departed, words flowed rapidly, and I was
enabled to show the difference between the
law and the gospel — to open to him our prin-
ciples, give him our reasons for them, and to
prove them by many Scripture passages ; and
finally, to show him it was impossible for a
true Quaker, to be either whig or tory, for
they implied opposite parties, and both be-
lieved in war, but Friends did not. The ma
had no pov
a word in Balaam's mouth to deliver to the
Midianites and Moabites, though his heart
was not right before the Lord ; and though
ho was highly favored, yet he did not give
up to cleave to the Lord with all his heart,
and keep to the word he had spoken to the
people, therefore the Lord cut him off. And
now the Lord had put a word in my moutb
for those men, and for the upholding of the
Truth in the earth, though my heart was not
right before Him, and if I did not cleave to
the Lord with my whole heart, and keep to
the word spoken, the time was coming that
I should be cut off as Balaam was.
" The force of this solemn subject turned my
jesting into heaviness of heart: I marvelled
ulat the wisdom, goodness and tender mercy
d added in substance, that rich I became tender, and with tears running down 'of the Almighty towards me, in awakening
76
THE FRIEND.
and instructiog me in such a wonderful man-
ner. Adored and praised forever bo His holy
name !
For "The Friend."
Ciicular of the liihle A.ssociatioii of Friends in America
In again calling the attention of Auxiliaries
to the Annual Queries to be answered pre-
vious to the general meeting of the Associa-
tion on the 6th of Eleventh month, the Cor-
responding Committee would press upon
Friends, who have been engaged in the dis-
tribution of the Holy Scriptures, the iniport-
auce of furnishing full and accurate answers
to all the Queries, and of forwarding their re-
port seasonably to the Depository.
It may be recollected, that in making dona-
tions to Au.xiliarics, the Board are guided in
deciding what number of Bibles and Testa-
ments shall be sent to each, by the informa-
tion given in its report. Hence those Aux-
iliaries that do not report in time, are liiible
to be left out in the distribution.
Specific directions should be given in every
case, how boxes should be marked and for-
warded ; and their receipt should always be
inomptly acknowledged.
Address John S. Stokes, No. 116 N. Fourth
Street, Philadelphia.
Samuel Bettle,
Charles Rhoads,
James Whitall,
Committee of Correspondence.
Pliilada., Nintli mo. 1878.
QUERIES.
1. What number of families or individuals have been
gratuitously furnished with the Holy Scriptures by the
Auxiliary during the past year?
2. What number of Bibles and Testaments have been
sold by the Auxiliary within the past year ?
3. How many members, male and female, are there
belonging to the Auxiliary?
4. What number of families of Friends reside with:
its limits?
5. Are there any families of Friends within your
limits not supplied with a copy of the Holy Scriptures
in good clear type, and on fair paper; if so, how many?
0. How many members of our Society, capable of
reading the Bible, do not own such a copy of tjie Holy
Scriptures?
7. How many Bibles and Testaments may probably
be disposed of by sale within your limits ?
8. Is the income of the Auxiliary sufBcient to supply
those within its limits who are not duly furnished with
the Holy Scriptures ?
9. What number of Bibles and Testaments would it
be necessary for the Bible Association to furnish gratu
tously, to enable the Auxiliary to supply each family?
10. What number would be required in order to fur-
nisheach member of our religious Society, capable of
reading, who is destitute of a copy, and unable to pur-
chase it?
11. How many Bibles and Testaments are now on
hand ?
Professor Eilisoa's Tasimeter.
Hitherto the most delicate instrument
known to science for determining the heat in
the different parts of the solar spectrum has
been the thermopile. The great improvement
of the tasimeter over the thermopile is illus-
trated in a simple manner by Professor Edison.
A low inches from the former he placed a hot
iron. It deflected the needle of an ordinary
galvanometer one degree; then he held his
little fingor four inches from the tasimeter
with the same galvanometer, and it swung
the needle around six degrees. In explaining
the workings of his new invention to a Herald
rejiorter, in his laboratory at Menio Park, the
inventor made a number of curious experi-
ments. "See here," said ho, taking up a thin
strip of vulcanized rubber and ])lacing it be-
tween two small upright iron posts in his tasi.
meter; "this is highly sensitive to heat; a
littlo causes it to expand. At this end I place
my carbon. I found outthat silk coated with
conducting lump black pressed in the form of
a button, was wonderfully sensitive to the
passage of the electric current. Put upon it
the pressure of one half millionth of an inch
and it will allow a pass.iije of current strong
enough to deflect Sir William Thompson's
galvanometer one degree. Of course greater
pressure deflects the needle more." Professo
Sdison then took an ordinary galvanometer
and put it in electric circuit with his tasimeter
and held his hand four inches away from the
vulcanite strip. Instantly the needle of the
galvanometer moved five degrees. Next he
lighted a gas jet five feet away, and the needle
moved four degrees. Then ho held a match
a distance of six inches and tho heat indicated
eleven degrees in the galvanometer. Breath-
ng slightly on the rubber, expanded it suffi
ciently to mark thirty degrees. These results
the Professor produced without tho improved
galvanometer, which he explained was infi
nitoly more sensitive.
Professor Edison next introduced between
the posts a slip of gelatine, in order to measure
moisture. Moistening a piece of paper slightly
with his tongue, he held it three inches away.
The deflection was eight degrees. A breath
on tho gelatine moved the pointer thirty-five
degrees. A drop of water on the end of his
finger, held five inches away, indicated a
moisture of eleven degrees.
The Professor next explained the method
proposed to bo adopted in the astronomical
xperimonts to be made with his tasimeter.
Instead of vulcanized rubber, ])latina will be
used, tho latter having been found to gain
and lose heat much more readily than the
former. The tasimeter, unlike the one experi-
mented on as above, is to be smaller and of
different material, brass being used through-
out. It will be inclosed in a receptable of tin,
which in turn is placed in a second receptacle
of tho same metal. Between the two will be
kept boiling water for the purpose of preserv-
ing evenness of tempature, as boiling water
attains no higher tLMiiperature than 212 de-
grees Fahrenheit. The spectroscope will then
be made to concentrate the heat into a small
opening in the tasimeter, where, falling on
the platina, it will cause e.tpansion and cor-
responding pressure of the small carbon but-
ton allowing the passage of the electric cur
rent in a degree commensurate with tho
pressure. Attached to and forming part of
the tasimeter is an appliance for measuring
the degrees of expansion or contraction of
difterent metals under similar temperatures.
Professor Edison found the heat of bis hand
expanded tho platina one five thousandth part
of an inch.
The great inventor has already taken steps
to use his new discovery for the protection of
ossels at sea. He stated to the writer hii
method as follows: "1 arrange tho carbon
button as a highly sensitive barometer, and
nclosing it in a case, connect it with the keel
of a ship. I then run a wire to the captain's
room into an ordinary galvanometer. Any
change of temperature, as you see, is at once
ndicated. Coldness of tho water will contract,
and warmth expand, and the corresponding
deflections be placed atonco before the eye of
tho captain. The approach of an iceberg will,
therefore, bo known long before there is dan-
ger of collision. It may also bo used to indi-
cate any abnormal heat in any part of t
ship's hold, thus giving timely notice to t
breaking out of fire."
In experimenting on his tasimeter Prnirs-;
Edison made a highly valuable discov.rv
telegraphy. Ever since tho first liin' w
succossfully worked by Professor Morsi', tl
great and apparently insurmountable oljsiau
to constant and uninterrupted communict
tion was the effect produced on the olectt
current by changes in the atmosphere. Ra
always made the lines work with difficult
and frequently in heavy storms the escape
the subtle fluid into the moist air make tl
wires practieallj' useless.
The Professor's discovery is what he ca
an "electric governor," acting on the tel
graph lino as a steam governor does on i
engine. It obviates the necessity of " adjus
ing" the magnet armatures along the lin
One placed in tho circuit regulates the e
tire line, preserving an evenness of currei
throughout. The loss of fiitj' par cent, of tl
battery power is felt no more than a corr
sponding gain. Diminution in the strongt
of the battery from any cause, atmospheric c
otherwise, is prevented by the "governor
from having any perceptible effect on the in
strumont or any part of the line. The Pn
fossor desired it to be understood that tb
discovery was based on a suggestion by
practical telegrapher.
Professor Edison has also found by hi
experiments with the tasimeter that it wi
weigh infinitesimal articles as well as the:-'
moisture. For instance, he took a fibre c
paper, and b}' placing it in his new apparatui
found it to be quite heavy. Then he oxperi
mentod on a gnat, connecting the instrumcn
at the same lime with this most sensitive tek
phone. The result was the deflection of th'
galvanometer to indicate the weight of th
diminutive insect, while the telephone echoei
the sound made by tho insect's feet on tb
disk.
By arranging it with an anemometer arn
and cup and causing the lever to press on th
tasimeter it recorded the pressure of a fain
gust of wind.
Notwithstanding tho heavy drains on hi
intellect by the numerous wonders in procest
of construction in his laborator3' the Profossoi
continues daily at work perfecting his mega,
phone. He placed the field megaphone it
front of his laboratory and gave the rubbei
tubes to tho writer so that he might person-
ally test its strange power. Then he hui'riec
across lots nearly a mile, and standing on tht
brow of a hill whispered, "Do you heai
this?" The words came distinctly notwith
standing quite a breeze was blowing at tht
time. When he spoke in his ordinary tone,
the words reached their destination as dis-
tinctly as if the distance intervening wore a
foot instead of a mile. Again he whispered,
the legend of Mary and her little lamb,
Kvery word was heard by the writer with per-
fect distinctness. — Albany Journal.
Talk to no Practical Purpose. — There is a
very suggestive storj- about the explanation
a littlo girl gave to her mother as to how she
had been disappointed by the lecturer who
spoke to her school class one afternoon. She
said that " begot up, and ho talked, and talked
— over so long — and all the time we thought
he was going to tell ns something, and at last
he sat down, and didn't tell us anything."
THE FRIEND.
1]- Salvalio
how many reli
For " The Friend "
is Secure I
3h ! how many relis^ioiis protestors of the
isenl day are resting their faith upon this
opery and insecure toundulion. '• Let him
It ttiinketh he standelh talve heed lest he
." Having experienced a change of heart
e, thev say, "my salvation is now sure, I
I safe" though I may fall into sin again,
having been born into the kingdom —
ving " passed from death unto life," lam
e of the elect of God and certain for the
igdom." They do not say they are f
»ra sinning, but acknowledge a liability to
I, and to wander far from the Father's
use, yet being a child of His, they feel sure
by the mighty power of a living Saviou
ey wUI be reinstated and brought back to
e fold before ibeir death. Though their
inisliment may bo severe for their departure
jm the path of rectitude, yet will they be
ved, though as by fire.
All ye! my dear hearts, who are treading
is path, be ye assured that your hope is a
rtain one, and steer ekar I pray you of the
iccrtain foundation of which I speak. See
at you establish your hope on the unchang-
ile Kock against which the artifices of Satan
wer can prevail ; see that your footing is se-
ire and your hold firm, so that you slip not.
" Nor think the victory won,
Nor lay thine armor down,
The tight of faith is. never done
Till thou obtain the ciown."
to it, that your faith is built on the Rock
St forth by Holy Writ, and " Bo ye stead-
,8t, unmovable, always abounding in the
or'k of the Lord ;" think not you may safely
ave the fold, but keep in it if you arc there.
must know, that " as ye sow, so shall ye
sap." If after having " sown to the Spirit,"
I being led astray, sutifer yourselves to ■' sow
the flesh," ye must "of the flesh reap cor-
ption ;" "ye cannot serve both God and
hammon." "And if we die in this state, no
atter what our former life has been, "As
18 tree falls, so must it lie." " As death
iaves so judgment finds." It is an awful
et certain gospel truth, that, "there is no
spentance in the grave." I fully acknowl-
dgo that if we are in Christ and He in us,
experienced the change wrought by
he purifying operations of the Holy Spirit,
ind realized a coming out "from under the
ondage of sin and Satan into the glorious
berty of the children of God," that wo are
Qdeed children of His, sons anddaughtersof a
nee crucified but now risen and forever glori
led Lord, (as we continue faithful). "And il
ihildren, then heirs, heirs of God," of salva
ion, and "joint-heirs with Cbrist," "if Christ
n us," and we obey Him who is '• the hope
f glory," to our never dying souls.
But if we are His children we must show
urlove and faith by submitting to whatever
ross He may put upon us; we must obey
lis commands, be willing to work for His
ausewith those around us, and if need be
ubniit to trials and suffering for His sake,
hat He may be glorified in and by us. His
sominandtdents are not grievous, and the re-
gard is sweet for faithful obedience. Oh,
hat our very countenances may testify to our
laving been with Him and tasted of the
nanna and living water of life, just as Ho
ilone can give it fresh, pure and perfect, from
ihe altar of holiness. But all this present
hope does not bj' anj' experience we have had,
secui-e a certainty of acceptance in the end.
As long as we have the grace of God in us il
saves us from the committal of sin, if we look
to and obey it unreservedly, renouncing all
strength of our own, asking and praying for
this grace to enable us to overcome, for we
'■ are saved by grace alone;" this is our only
plea, and this salvation must be recognized as
a present saving from sin day by day, which it
guided by, we will in the end be landed safely
on the farther shore, sheltered from all harm,
safe on a gentle Saviour's breast. And there,
encircled by those loving arms and clasped to
His bosom, we shall find what we long have
sought, perfect rest and peace. Oh ! " then let
U-* walk in the light as He is in the light"
while we have it,Yor we know not when the
night may overtake us, and we "must be
faithful unto death" in order " to receive the
crown of life." We may " know the blood of
Jesus to cleanse us from all ;5a.s^ sin," but this
does not prevent us from " turning again to
the weak and beggarly elements whereunto
we may desire again to be in bondage." And
if, "after we know the truth and the way of
life," we turn our backs upon the Mastcr't
call', wo most positively deserve the greater con
demnation.
Again, we are told by Him that cannot lie,
"the soul of him that sinneth it shall die."
And " if 3-0 die in your sins, whither / go ye
can not come." Awful warnings for us to
keep in the right way, turning neither to the
right hand nor to the left, but with a single
3^0 on the Author of our hopes, press forward
and we shall obtain the prize.
It is only by keeping close to the feet of
Jesus that wo are safe, leaning upon His sup-
porting arm and drawing never failing sup
plies daily ,'fresh from the fountain head. 'Tis
only by holding firmly to this Rock and a
firm trust in Him that wo are sure of refuge
from the storm. And ever blessed be our
Father in Heaven, if we do keep our eye con-
stantly on Him with unwavering faith and
pure trust in His love and care, He will
alway deliver us from the snare of the fowler
and from the noisome pestilence.
" We shall not come into condemnation,"
but "having passed from death unto "f^i"
as " we abide in Him," "the Living Vine,"
we shall be enabled in unmerited mercy, to
gain an entrance through the pearl gates of
that " glorious city," " eternal in the heav-
ens" "whose makerand builder the Lord alone
is," "whose walls are salvation, and her gates
praise."
Philad'a, 9th mo. 19th, 1878.
Selected for "The Friend."
Richard Sliacklcton to S. R. G.
Ballitore, 8th mo. '22nd, 1789.
My dear Cousin,— I have been writing to
some great folk, and dispatched my yearly
have anything to write to thee at this lime,
my dear friend, it is in this line, the line of
encouragement, to hold on thy way. Con-
tinue inthe littleness of self, and thou wilt
continue to witness an enlargedness in the
service of thy great Master. And be not
weary of well-doing; consider whose cause it
is, which thou art engaged in, of infinite im-
portance and consequence, and how much de-
pends on every one who is sent on any expe-
dition, or who has any part to maintain, faith-
ully and firmly discharging their duty. To
jivo way in a little, is to weaken in the gen-
eral ; but every one doing his own part, the
hole is strengthened, and the work com-
pletely and unitormlj' carried on. Farewell,
my beloved friend ; maj'est thou take deeper
and deeper root in humility, and in the expe-
rience of the Divine life, for thy own preser-
vation and nourishment, the moro thou ad-
vanccst in religious stature, and spreadest
wide thy fruit bearing branches.
R. Shackle ton.
epistle to thy mother, 1 no w turn to one of the
little ones, whom I am glad to be enabled to
salute with renewed affection, and to whom,
I would, with all willingness, hand "a cup of
cold water, in the name of a disciple," if I had
it to give. We are, very emphatically called
'Ftiends'; and friends we should be to one
another, not sparing friendly advice and re-
proof, and taking a willing oversight of one
another, and so profitably conjoined in har-
monious labor. If then we should not with-
hold reproof and correction in proper season,
why should we withhold encouragement, and
the expression of strengthening unity. If I
\Ycariness of Etiquette.
I believe there are many minds among tho
votaries of fashion which are chafed and irri-
tated by the restraints imposed upon them by
the conventional society in which they are
born, and such minds would often emancipate
themselves, were it not that any attempt to
do so is frowned down as ill-breeding, or
lughed at as eccentricity.
1 know the daughter of an English earl who
was so wearied by her training for high life
that she eloped with hor father's gardener,
conformed entirely to her new position, and
was very happy in it. Slie was never noticed
y her family. They seemed to ignore her
existence. Her htisband was intelligent and
industrious; he became the owner of a valua-
ble nursery garden near London, exhibited
his plants at the horticultural shows, and at-
tended tho dinners given on such occasions.
In visiting the retreat of the celebrated
ladies of Llangollen, I learned enough about
them to convince me that it was a weariness
of the ceremonies and restraints of a high life,
with a painful sense of the hollowness of
worldly profession, that drove them to cut
their connection with the society in which
they were born, and lead a rural life among
the Welsh mountains. Their disappearance
from the fashionable world made a great sen-
sation at the time, and it was generally sup-
posed that some love aff'air was at the bottom
uf it. It was difticult to make the public re-
nounce that idea, and the newspapers were
foryears inventing fictions to favor it. There
was nothing remarkable in the lives they led,
except the privilege of doing as they pleased.
There was no great scope for benevolence,
but they were kind to their poor neighbors.
They abridged the trouble which attends a
lady's dress by wearing all the time cloth
riding-habits and beaver hats. When young
they rode much on horseback, when old they
indulged in acarriage, and occasionally dined
with a friend, at a distance of twenty miles,
but always returned home at night. They
were never known to sleep out of their own
house, and so it was supposed that they had
made a vow to that effect.
The daughters of George III. were often
weary of court etiquette, and used to get rid
of it by spending their mornings at Frogmore,
near Windsor, a small establishment, where
they enjoyed rural pleasures, and were never
78
THE FRIEND.
intruded on by company. There they had
their dumb jjots, and fed their own chicken
ran out and in, unattended, and were entirely
free from the trammels of royalty. I have
been there just after they had left the place,
and found their work and their books ly'
about, and everything looking like the home
of a private family.
The wife of an officer in the army, who had
apartments in Windsor Castle, said that the
princesses would escape into her room some-
times, and beg for a glass of beer to queuch
their thirst, alleging as areason for their do-
ing so, that if they asked for it in their own
home, they must wait for a barrel to be tap-
ped, and that would cause a new office to be
created, for serving beer to them between
meals, and that barrel would become the per-
quisite of some one of the household, and a
fresh barrel would be tapped every time a
glass of beer was called for. So great was
the discomfort of a royal household in those
days. The great good sense of Queen Victo-
ria has altered many of these things for the
better.
A baron of high degree in South Wales,
chose a novel way of ridding himself of the
form and etiquette which belonged to his
rank. He determined so to ally himself in
marriage that none of his aristocratic friends
should be willing to visit his wife. He mar-
ried a pretty and amiable milliner in the
country town near his estates, had a fine fa-
mily of children, and led a very happy life,
as a farmer. He has been seen, on a market
day, with the leaves of a fine large turnip
hanging out of his coat pocket. It was one
he had been exhibiting to his brother far-
niers. — Farrafs Recollections of Seventy Years.
[We have received from J. P. Wood, of
Indianapolis, the following epistle issued last
year, (1877,) by the Friends claiming to be
Western Yearly Meeting, who withdrew from
the larger body also claiming to be that meet-
ing. Neither of these bodies have been offi-
cially recognized at any time as a Yearly
Meeting by Philadelphia Yearly Meeting.
note accompanying the document, the
-riter says : " Some Friends on both sides o
the ocean having expressed a desire to see th(
Epistle issued by Western Yearly Meeting of
Friends in 1877, it was concluded to offer it
for publication in 'The Friend,' provided
thou thinks proper to print it."
He adds, "I attach the names of the corre-
spondents of Western Yearly Meeting, giving
it Just as it was forwarded to the several
Yearly Meetings, for the reason that I have
been informed, that in some of the Yearly
Meetings it was stated that the epistle was
not signed by the regular correspondents,
and this was made the turning point to re-
ject it, without its being read in ihe open
meeting."
As these transactions are of exceeding in-
terest to Friends everywhere, we freely give
the epistle a jilace in our columns.— Eds.]
An Epistle given forth by Western Yearly Meet-
ing of Friends in 1877. Addressed to the
different Yearly Meetings.
Dear Friends,— We humbly acknowledge
the goodness and mercy of our Heavenly
Father in thus permitting us again to assem-
ble in the capacity of a Yearly Meeting, for
the purpose of transacting the important con-
cerns of the Church.
In that love which knows no bounds vve
salute you as brethren of the same household
of faith; with earnest desires, that we, with
you, may be established on that foundation,
on which the Prophets and Apostles stood,
Christ Jesus the Eock, where all may experi-
mentally know b}' the washing of regenera-
tion and renewing of the Holy Ghost, that
union and sweet communion with the Father,
SonandHoly Spirit, which unitesand cements
together in one all the children of God.
We deeply mourn over the many innova-
tions introduced into our religious Society, in
doctrine and practice, which we cannot con-
scientiously participate in, nor partake of;
hence the harmony and unity of feeling in
the Society is so far broken up, that at times
the business of meetings for discipline cannot
be conducted consistent with our profession,
and many of our meetings for worship are so
much occupied with a wordy, lifeless minis
try, as well as unsound in its teaching, read
ing, singing, &c., that there is no comfort oi
edification, to many, in them.
On account of those changes in teaching
and practice, and a disposition manifested to
press down those who could not unite with
them, we believe it to be our dut3' to stand
firm for the law and the testimony of our God,
and retired quietly to another room to trans-
act the business of the Yearly Meeting, where
we disposed of the various subjects which
came before us, in harmony and love.
May j'ou be favored, when you approach
the throne of Grace, to intercede for us, that
we may be preserved, as in the hollow of His
holy hand, and that He will sustain his church
in its primitive purity and beauty.
In love we re main your friends and brethren.
On behalf of the Meeting,
Albert Maxavell, Clerk.
Names of Yearly Meeting Correspondents.
*Eleazar Bales, Address, Plainfield, Hen-
dricks Co., Indiana,
Robert W. Hodson, Address, Plainfield,
Hendricks Co., Indiana.
John P. Wood, Address, PlainSeld, Hen-
dricks Co , Indiana.
James Kersey, Address, Amo, Hendricks
Co., Indiana.
For "The Friend."
Our Lord Jesus Christ is often near us when
we are not sensible of it, waiting to do us
good. Happy is he who when he heareth the
gentle intimations of His Spirit, knocking as
it were at the door of the heart, is ready "and
willing to open unto Him immediately, and
allow Him to take the rule and reign there.
These considerations have occurred upon read-
ng the accompanying extract taken fi-om a
ate paper.
A Reminiscence.
My dinner table was laid for invited guests,
and everything was ready for them to be
summoned into the dining-room. I gave a
parting glance at my well-arranged table,
and felt proud and pleased. I knew that the
dinner was well cooked, and the feeling of
satisfaction which possessed my soul more
than compensated me for the extra labor and
care I had had in preparing it. I seated my
"ttle girl, five years old, fresh and sweet in
her clean starched dress, in her high chair,
[* The two first named are said to hare been appoint-
ed in 1S58, the third in 18ti;i, and tlie last in 18lj9.—
and was about to turn to go into the pari
to call them to dinner, when a sudden c
from her made me look back. She had, i
some accident, overturned a tureen of grav
and the greasy liquid was rapidly spreadir
itself over the table. My temper rose in
twinkling, and an angry exclamation rose ;
my lips. I was overwrought with work ar
excitement, for a dinner party was not
common occurrence in our quiet househoh
and our guests were those of whom, to te
the truth, I stood somewhat in awe.
minute before, everything was so auspiciou
and now, what should I do! It seemed
drop too much for my tired nerves — man
drops too much for my tablecloth. I wo
about to jerk my child down angrily from th
table, when a blessed influence held me.
caught the expression on her face. Such
sorry, frightened, appealing look I never saw
and suddenly a picture of the past came, an^
stood out vividly before my mind's eye. M;
child's face revealed feelings which I had e>
perienced twenty j'ears before.
I saw myself a little nervous girl, abou
eight years old, in the happy home of mi
childhood. It was a stormy afternoon i"i
winter. It was when coal oil lamps wer
first introduced, and father had bought a ven
handsome one. The snow had drifted u]
against the kitchen windows, so, although i
was not yet night, the lamp was lighted
Mother was sick in bed, up stairs, and wi
children were gathered in the kitchen, t(
keep the noise and confusion away from lier
I was feeling very important, helping ge
supper; at any rate, I imagined I was help
ing, and, in my officiousness, I seized tha
lamp, and went down cellar for some butter
I tried to set it on the hanging shelf, but alas
1 didn't give it room enough, and down it fel
on the cemented floor.
I never shall forget the shock that it gav<
me. I seemed almost paralysed. I didn'i
dare to go up stairs, and I was afraid to staj
down there, and, to make it worse, I heard
father's voice in the kitchen. He had cau-
tioned us all, again and again, to be carefu
of that lamp, and now, there it lay, smashed
to pieces! But his voice seemed to give mtj
the impetus I needed to go up, and meet the!
scolding or whipping, or both, which I fell!
sure awaited me, and which I really felt ll
deserved. So I crept up over the dark stair;
way, and as I entered the kitchen, I mel
father with such a stern look upon his face
that I was frightened. I saw there was no;
need to tell \\'\m what had happened. He had
heard the crash, and if he hadn't, I guess my;
face would have told the story. 'The ehildrcD
stood silently around, waiting to see wha*
father would do, and I saw by their facof
that they were horror-struck, for that lamp
had been the subject of too much talk andi
wonder to bo smashed without a sensation. ]
As for me, I felt so frightened, so confusod.i
and sorry that I couldn't speak. But uponi
glancing again at father I saw the angiy looki
die out of his eyes, and one of tenderest i)ityi
take its place. I doubt not that he saw the
same look in my face then that I Saw in my
child's face to-day. In a minute he had lifted
me in his arms and was hugging me close to
his breast. Then ho whispered, oh, so kindly,
"Never mind, little daughter, we all know
'twas an accident, but I hope you will take
the small lamp when j'ou go down cellat,
again." Oh! what a revolution of feeling 1|
THE FRIEND.
surprise to me
lined with feel
perienced. It was such ii
at I was suddenly overwh
ffs of love and gratitude, and burying my
, I sobbed as if ray heart were breaking.
0 punishment could have affected me half so
ach, and nothing can everefface the memory
it from my mind.
How 1 loved my father to-day, as the sight
my own liltle girl's face brought it all so
ishly before me ! Will she love as dearly, I
jnder, twenty j-ears or more from now, be-
use, moved by the same Godgiven impulse
at stirred my father's heart in that long-ago
ne, I was able to firess the little frightened
ng to my heart, and tell her kindly that I
lew she didn't mean to spill the gravy, and
at I knew she would be more careful ano-
time? Will she be helped by it, when
is a mother, as I have been helped to daj'?
how impossible for parents to estimate
e effect of these seemingly little events!
If it had taken as long for this to pass
rough my mind as it has for me to tell it,
y dinner would surely have been cold, and
y guests tired of waiting. But it was all
me in a twinkling, and buoyed up by a new
id sudden strength, I quickly wiped off the
iled cloth, spread a thickly-folded clean one
rer the phice, and called my company to din-
sr. Strange to say, the awe I had been feel-
for ray i/uesls was gone. I felt easy and
iinquil, and such a remarkable spirit of hap-
ness and sociality prevailed, and everything
issed off so smoothly, that I couldn't help
eling as if unseen bauds and an unsai-n pres
ce had helped me through it all. — Christian
Feekly.
Like a Christian." — I heard of two littl
lildren — a boy and a girl — who used to ]ihiy
great deal together. One day the boy cam
his mother and said, "Mother, I know
lat Emma is a Christian."
" What makes you think so, my child ? "
"Because, mother, she plays like a Chris-
in."
" Plays like a Christian ?" said the mother,
e expression sounding a little odd.
" Yes," replied the child ; " if you take every
ling she's got, she dont get angry. Before
he was selfisli, and if she didn't have every
bing her own way she would say, 'I won't
lay with you ; you arc an ugly little boy.' "
THE FRIEND.
TENTH MONTH 19, 1878.
in the Editorial columns of a recent issue
eference was made to Wm. Penn's assertion
hat the doctrine of the Light of Christ it
he heart as God's gift for man's salvation,
?as the root of the goodly tree of doctrines
rofessed by Friends of his day. In contrast
nth this, we believe it is true, that roots of a
liferent character have been planted among
s, which are producing fruits of a contrary
nd unwholesome nature.
Prominent among these is a mistaken and
nadequate conception of the nature of that
aviug faith, which is so frequently referred
o in the Scripture as being indispensable to a
Towih in grace; and which the true Chris
ian often feels that he stands in need of, so
hat he is road}' to adopt the petition of the
iisciples to our Savioar, " Lord, increase our
'aith."
When the Holy Spirit visits the heart of
Liny ; whether it be in mature years or in the
earlier stages of life; and impresses on the
mind a sense, which may be expressed in the
language, "This is the waj', walk thou in it;"
the visitation is accompanied with a degree
of Divine authority and power, and if this is
joined unto, and obedience yielded to the re-
quiring, the blessed purpose of that visitation
is effected, and a step is taken in the Heaven-
ward path. The submission of heart to such
a visitation is an act of faith, for it implies a
recognition of the Divine authority accompa-
nying the opening, agreeably to the Scripture
declaration, " He that cometh to God must
believe that He is; and that He is a rewarder
of them that diligently seek Him." Its exer
cise is also essentially an act of obedience to
the will of God thus revealed in the soul
through the Spirit of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Hence the Apostle James declares, " Faith
works bj' love," and " Faith without works i
dead." The power to exercise this livin
faith accompanies the Heavenly visitation
and is from above, whence cometh every good
and perfect gift. Therefore the Scriptures
speak of faith as " the gift of God." Of simi-
lar import is the language of our Saviour,
" No man can come unto rae, except the
Father which hath sent me draw him;" for,
as Christ manifests himself in the heart, it is
there we must come to Him by faith and
obedience.
In every subsequent stage of our Christian
experience, the exercise of faith is substanti-
ally the same as in its beginning. Faith is
exercised in our yielding to conviction for
sin, in our turning from our iniquities, in our
seeking forgiveness of God, not through any
righteousness of ours, but by the washing of
" eneration and the renewings of the Holy
Ghost, which arc shed on us abundantly
through Jesus Christ our Saviour.
Living and saving faith is therefore not
an ordinary mental operation, which is under
the control of the unsanctified will, and which
ay be exercised apart from the drawings of
the Holy Spirit. We cannot therefore regard
as sound doctrine, or as consistent with Scrip-
ture, and with true experience, the teachings
of those who will assure an audience, that
they can at any moment secure their salv
tion by the mere profession of a faith in
Christ, originating in this way. Preaching
of this kind may stimulate the hearers, and
persuade them, that having made such
profession, they are in a saved state; and
they may be much elated by this supposed
suddenly acquired attainment. But when
the excitement subsides, such will find them-
selves still subject to the power of temptation
and gradually learn that there is practically
no difference between their present condition
and that in which they were before tlieir
fancied salvation. The tendency of this, in
some cases, will be to cause them to look
with doubt on all profession of religion, as
being little more than imaginary and delusive.
That such a result does not more generally
follow is due to the goodness and mercy of
God, who still pursues with His visitations
and strives with all, even with the self-confi-
dent and deceived, to bring them into subjec-
tion to His Grace and to lit and prepare them
for His Heavenly Kingdom.
While we desire to guard our readers against
the superficial form of religion, which does
not require patient submission to the purify-
operations of the Holy Spirit, we are con-
cerned also to allude to the danger there is,
of postponing obedience to the still small
voice in the soul, when it calls to repentance
and the forsaking of sin. " To-day," says the
Apostle, "if ye will hear His voice, harden
not your hearts;" and the true minister of
Christ is still led from time to time to press
upon his hearers a similar message, warning
and exhorting them no longer to continue in
sin and iniquity, but to turn without delay to
the Light of Christ in the heart, which shows
the sinner his lost condition, points out the
way of escape and gives power to embrace
the offered help. Blessed indeed are those,
who thus come to be joined unto Chrst, in an
everlasting covenant, and experience their
sins to be .washed away in the blood of the
Lamb. These, as they are foithful unto death,
will receive the crown of life.
OHIO YEARLY MEETING.
The sittings of this body commenced on
Second-day, the 30th ult., and closed on Fifth-
day, the 3d inst. The Meeting of Ministers
nd Elders was held on the Seventh-day pre-
vious. The meeting convened this year for
the first time in the new meeting-house at
Stillwater, near Barnesville, Ohio. The town
of Mt. Pleasant, where the Yearly Meeting
has been hitherto held, is several miles from
the nearest railroad station, and is difficult of
access. The Boarding School located near
the meeting-house, formerly furnished con-
nienl accommodations for many of the mem-
bers, but since the possession of it was lost by
the recent legal decision, and the new Board-
ing School at Barnesville has been built, no
sufficient reason remained for continuing to
hold the Yearly Meeting in so inconvenient a
situation. A committee ai)pointed last year,
was authorized to erect a building to accom-
modate the Yearly Meeting in its present
location. This has recently been completed,
and is in close proximity to the Boarding
School, which has been used for the entertain-
ment of Friends the pre>ent year.
Two meetings for worship were held on
First-day, and one on Fourth-day morning.
Those held on First-day were very large, and
were attended by a considerable number who
wore not members of our religious Society.
All of these meetings were seasons of favor,
in which the hearts of many, it is believed,
were afleeted with the solemnizing presence
of the Master of assemblies, under which some
of the more experienced members were led
into exercise for and sympathy with those
thus collected, and to travail in spirit that
grace, mercy and peace might rest upon them.
The only minister from" other parts in at-
tendance with a certificate, was Joseph S.
Elkinton, of Philadelphia.
Among the subjects claiming the attention
of the meetings for business, was an appeal
from the judgment of one of the subordinate
meetings, which was referred to a committee.
This committee, at a subsequent sitting, re-
ported it as their decision that the judgment
of the subordinate meetings should be re-
versed. The appellant was restored to mem-
bership.
The report on education showed that there
were 755 children of a suitable age to attend
school, of whom 353 had been attending
Friends' schools exclusively, 37 had been at-
tending mixed schools, and 65 had not attend-
80
THE FRIEND.
ed any school, the most of whom had received
instructiou iit home.
The meeting was brought under consider-
able exercise on the subject of tbe right train-
ing of children ; and that their education at
school should be conducted under such cir-
cumstances as to shield them from hurtful in-
fluencew, and promote their attachment to the
principles of our Society.
In considering the state of Society as shown
by the answers to the queries, advice and ex-
hortation were called forth upon several sub-
jects, among which were the importance of
bearing a faithful testimony to the peaceable
nature of Christ's kingdom ; the necessity of
supporting our testimony to a free Gospel
ministry; of guarding against drowsiness
when assembled for Divine worship; and of|
ol.iserving the Scripture injunctions respecting
plainness of apparel.
A memorial for a deceased member, Josiah
Briggs, was read and directed to be printed.
Afeeliugof condescension prevailed through-
out the several sittings, which was comforting
and encouraging; although a diversity of
sentiment appeared in reference to one or
more subjects, yet the harmony of the meet-
ing was not broken, and the members were
drawn closely together by a participation
fiom season to season, in the extendmgs of
Divine favor.
A more detailed account of the proceedings
of the Yearly Meeting will probably bespread
before our readers when the printed minutes
are received.
We must remind those who kindlj' send us
original communications for our journal, that
our rules require the author's name to be
given to the editor.
SUMM.\RY OF EVENTS.
UsiTET> States. — An excursion train on the Old
Colony Railroad, consisting of about twenty cars loaded
with passenger.?, returning from witne.ssing a boat race
on Silver Lake, was wrecked near Qiiincy, Mass., on
the Sth inst. Nineteen persons were killed, arid about
100 wonnded.
Reports from the large cities in the south-west show
but little if any abatement in the number of cases of
yellow fever, and it appears to be spreading among the
.smaller towns and settlements in the interior, in some
places a.ssuraing a malignant form. It has extended
eastward to Chattanooga, Tenn., and northward to
Cairo, 111. The 9th was appointed in New Orleans, by
a proclamation of Governor NiclioUs, as a day of fasting,
prayer and humiliation. The 10th was appoinled to
be similarly observed in Alabama.
The President of the United States has issued a pro-
clamation respecting disturbances in New Mexico, par-
ticularly in Lincoln county in that Territory, warning
all insurgents to disperse before the 13th inst., and
General Sherman has directed the military forces to be
employed if deemed necessary after that day.
The four largest articles of export from the United
States, arranged according to their value, are cotton ;
flour and grain; hog products (lard, hams, and salt
pork), and petroleum. Of the latter more than $60,-
000,000 worth is now exported annually.
On the night of the 12th, a terrific gale swept the
coast of Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Much damage
to shipping was done at Newport, Vineyard Haven,
Provincetown, and other places, and several lives were
lost.
The town of Edenburg, Clarion Co., Pa., was nearly
entirely destroyed by lire on the morning of the 13th
inst. The total loss"is , ,iiMi:ii...l III '
The election itiOliin,„i ihr :iili li
resulted in a Republic, ,, |,liii ilm
of from 8,000 to 10,1 \ii inn, ,
jority is also repoii.d i I.m
Democrats claim a pbinilii v ■•i i:; i
Greenback or N,;iti(.n;i I piiiv I, . . ,
man in Indiana, ami one ill "icw.i.
lield in the States of Colorado, 1 nt
Ohio, Oregon, Vermont and West Virginia, indicate a
total Republican loss of eleven Congressmen, of which
the Democrats gain five, the " Greenback" party five,
and one caused by failure to elect. In several districts
where an issue was clearly made on the currency ques- [
tion, the advocates of coin and the resumption of specie i
payments, received increased majorities. |
The managers of the Grand Opera House in New
York, lately advertised a performance on the First-day ,
of tbe week for the yellow fever sufferers, but notice |
was given by the city authorities that they would en-,
force the law forbidding such entertainments on that
day, and the announcement wa^ withdrawn. |
A payment of 8500,000, in compliance with the act
of Congress, lias lately been made to Captain Eads
towards completing the improvements at the mouth of
the Mississippi. It is intended to resume work upon
tbe jetties as soon as the yellow fever disappears in that
section.
The average cost of supervision and instruction for
each pupil in New York and New Orleans is nearly the
same, being $21.99 and $21.90. In Boston and S.an
Franci.sco it is the highest in the list of seventeen cities,
$25.94 and *24.G1. Richmond pays $13.71 per pupil,
while Philadelphia pays $12.71, or the lowest sum in
the list. Incidental expenses for each pupil vary as fol-
lows : New York, $5.6S and New Orleans $5.12 ; Boston,
$10.21, and San Francisco, S9.81; Richmond, $2.61,
and Philadelphia, $7.26.
At the annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Western Union Telegraph Company, held on the 9th
inst., the net profits of the year are stated to have been
$3,161,999; and after the payment of quarterly divi-
dends amounting to ti per cent., and interest on debt and
for a sinking fund, a surplus of *52-l,561 remained,
about one-half of which had been used in the construc-
tion of new lines. The increase in the number of mes-
sages sent had been 2,750,000.
A large area of the surface over the Diamond mine
in Scranton, Pa., caved in on the 10th inst., completely
closing up many of the chambers and pas.sages, and
causing damages which will require many months to
repair. Between three and four hundred men will be
thrown out of employment by this accident. The miners
had received warning of the approaching danger, and
when the catastrophe occurred the mine was deserted.
Markets, <tc.— American gold 100|. U. S. sixes 1881,
registered, 107;; do. 1SG7, 105|; 4 per cents, 1907.
registered, 99] to 100.
Cotton. — Small sales of middlings are reported at
lOV a lOj cts. for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude, 7J a 7j cts. in barrels, standard
white for export, 9| cts.
Flour. — Minnesota extra, $5.25 ; Penna. and western,
f 4..50 to $5.00 ; patent and other high grades, $7.25 to
$8.50. Rvc Hour, S:!.25. Corn meal, $2.75 per bbl.
Grain.— Siiulhrrn red, $1 to $1.01; amber, ■i;l.02 to
$1.03; white wb.-at, -1.04 to S1.05 per bushel. Rye,
55 to 5.S cts. ( Virn, IS to 50 cts. Oats, 26 to 31 cts.
Beef cattle, 5 '. tii ."i ; els. for extra Penna. and western,
and 21 In 1 els. jui' llj. fur common. Sheep, 3 to 4'.
cts. Hogs ■' lolii ets.
Foreign.— Dispatches from India mention that a
body of Afghan troops has appeared near the Kyber
Pass, in the north eastern corner of Afghanistan, near
a garrison of British troops, in command of General
Ross. The latter had been directed to await further
reinforcements; 35,000 British troops are stated to be
at Peshawur, near the border of India.
A correspondent of the New York Evening Post, at
Rio Janeiro, states that famine and pestilence have de-
vastated an area in north-western Brazil, greater in ex-
tent than our New England and Middle States com-
bined. This region has been without rain for more
than two years; brooks, springs and wells have dried up,
cattle have died, and the utmost misery exists among
the people. The Brazilian Government has voted
credits for their relief, amounting to about $] .5,000,000,
of which $4,500,000 are to be expended in building
railroads.
The relations of Turkey with the European powers
coiiiiiiiie iiiisctikMl. A IV.-, Ill ,nviil;ir of the Porte
slat,,s iJiiit 111,. ,Siill:iii r,,.-i,i\ ,', .,,v,r.iL;ii rights over
100,000.
Bazar m,iy lead to g
. US to have
has seriously compro
Slate ticket
Austria and Turkev.
ubliran ma-
Turks an. 1 I'iOOO A 1
ops to reassure the population.
withdrawal of the Russian troops was subsequent!
stopped, in consequence of the murders of Christiai
in the districts evacuated, and a Vienna dispatch totl
London Times states that Russia, in informing tl
Powers of it, has invited them to join in the energefi
representations which Prince LobanofF is instructed I
make, in order to induce the Porte to take promj
measures to prevent further outrages upon the Chri
tians.
During the performance at a theatre in Liverpool o
the 11th inst., a panic occurred in consequence of a or
of fire from one of the audience. Four to five thousai||
people are said to have been present, and in the rus:
of the crowd to leave the building, thirty-seven person
! sufiocated, and many others seriously injured.
The Fortv-eighth Annual Meeting of the Anxiliar
Bible Association of Friends of Philadelphia Quarter!
Meeting, will be held at No. 109 N. Tenth street, oi
Fourth-day, Tenth mo. 30lh, 1878, at 7i o'clock, p. sr.
Friends generally are invited to attend.
B. W. Beesley, Secrtiary.
FRIENDS' FREEDMEN'S RELIEF AS.80(:'I,A..
TION OF PHILADELPHIA.
The E.xecutive Committee expect to open lliei
schools in North Carolina and Virginia about the Is
of Eleventh month, with the same number of teacher
as last year. They will diminish the cost of travellini
expen.ses for teachers by employing a larger nninlierc
colored teachers than heretofore, but will require fund
to meet the expen.ses of those going from the .\ortl;
As the year begins with a deficit in the treasury iie, ,>,ini
early contributions will be specially needed. Tlies
may be sent to the Provident Life and Trust Coiupanv
No. lOS South Fourth St., Phil.adelpbia.
Richard Cadbdky, Treasurer.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Winter Session of the School will comineiic
on Second-day the 28lh of Tenth month.
Pupils who have been regularly entered and who g
by the cars from Philadelphia, can obtain tickets at tb
depot of the West Chester and Philadelphia Railmad
corner of Thirty-first and Chestnut streets, by givini
their names to the Ticket-agent there, who is furiiisliei
with a list of the pupils for that purpose. In such casi
the passage, including the stage fare from tbe Railroai
Station, will be charged at the School, to be paid fo
with the other incidental charges at the close of th
terra. Tickets can also be obtained of the Treasurei
304 Arch street. Conveyances will be at the Streb
Road Station on Second and Third-days, the 2-ith am
29th inst., to meet the trains that leave Philadelphia e
8 and 10 A. M., 12.30 and 2.30 p. M.
Baggage may be left either at Thirty-first and ChesI
nut streets or at Eighteenth and Market. If left at th
latter ]ilaee, it must be put under the care of H. Alei
ander & .Son, who will convey it thence to Thirty-fin
and Cliestnut at a charge of 10 cents per trunk, to h
paid to them. Those who prefer can have their ba|
gage sent for to any place in the built-up part of th
City, by sending word on the day previous (through th
post-office or otherwise) to H. Alexander & Son, N. I
corner of 18th and Market Sts. Their charge in suo
case for taking baggage to Thirty-first and Chestnl
streets, will be 25 cents per trunk. For the same charg
they will also collect baggage from the other railroa
depots, if the checks are left at their office corner of 18t
and Market Sts. Baggage put under their care, if pn
perly marked, will not require any attention from th
owner.s, either at the West Philadelphia depot, or i
the Street Road Station, but will be forwarded direct!
the School. It may not alw.ays go on the satne train i
the owner, but it will go on tiie same rfa.v, provided ill
notice to H. Alexander & Son reaches them in lime. ;
During the Session, passengers for the School wJ
be met at the Street Road Station, on the arrival of it
first train from the City, every d.ay except Firstd.ay^
and small packages for the pupils, if left at Friend
Book Store, No. 304 Arch street, will be forwards
every Sixth-day at 12 o'clock, except onllie last two Sixti
days in the Tuielfth month, and the expense charged i
their bills.
Tenlh month 15th, 1878.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR TlfE INSANE,
y.:,r Fn,nkfur,l. {Twnil ,i Ihn.l \V.u:l,] I'liiiidelphia.
l1,vsi,,i:,„:ni.iSu;.,,riMi:,.„l,,nl -.1 , .11 N C. 1 1 ALL, M. 1
,\|.|.li,",li,.us lor tl,,, A,l.Mis.i,,„ .,r Patients may I
made to the SiiperiiUeiuleiil, or to any of the Board i
.Managers.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TENTH MONTH 26, 187
NO. 11.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice, if paid in advance, S2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50; 10 cents extra is cliarged for
Postage on those sent by mail .
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT KO. 116 SORTH PODRTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For "The Friend."
Incidents and Reflections.— So. 31.
DIVIlVE HELP.
The P.^almist, speaking in the name of the
!ost High, uses this encouraging cxhorta-
lon, " Call upon me in the day of irouble ; I
rill deliver thee and thou shalt glorify mo."
lany of the servants of the Lord since that
aj', have experienced the fulfilmonl of this
ecious promise; and some of them have left
record their testimon}' to His goodness,
nd the gracious manner in which He has ap-
earL'd for their help in times of trial and per-
ilexity.
When Thomas Story was a young man, and
ad submitted to the visitation of Divine
rrace with which he was favored ; and had
et his face in earnest to seek for treasures in
leaven ; his father was greatly distressed at
lis son's conduct, which ho feared would de-
troy the hopes and plans he had formed for
worldly success and prosperity; and he
se 1 many efforts to turn him aside from the
kalh he had chosen. On one occa-^ion, some
is triends, and his father among them,
•eing at a tavern, they sent for Thomas to
pin them ; thinking, that by the exhilarating
ffects of spirits, thoy might change the cur-
ent of his thoughts. He says :
'While they were contriving this scheme,
was retired alone in my chamber, and
iivored with a sense of the good and soul-
lourishing presence of the Lord; but, after
orae time, a concern came upon me, which
"•ave me to expect something was in agitation
;oneerning me; and, soon after, an attorney-
it-law of my acquaintance, camo from the
wmpany to me, and mentioned certain gentle-
nen who desired to see me at the tavern."
c * " When we camo there, the company
ill arose from their seats, and seeming gener-
lily glad, put on airs of pleasantness.
In seating themselves ag;iin, they placed
so as that I was in the midst, environed
)y them, and then they put the glass round ;
ind, to relish it the more, they began a health
,0 King William. But the secret presence of
he Lord being with me, though hid from
them, it affected them all in a way they did
not expect ; for scarce had two of them dranlt,
;ill their countenances changed, and all were
The glass, nevertheless, went for-
hould inore especiallj^ to the king's, but
houid drink no health any more; and so re-
fused it : And the glass never wont round, for
veral of them foil a- weeping, and were much
broken, and all of them silenced for a time ;
which, when over, some of them said, the}-
believed I intended well in what 1 did, and
that every man must be left to proceed in the
vvaj- he thinks right in the sight of God : and
so we parted in solid friendship. It was the
secret grace of God which wrought this ; and
to Him, the Lord alone, did I impute it.
And, the company di-persing, I returned to
my chamber in iiivine p ace, and true tran-
quillity of mind; with which I was favored
for many days."
When Thomas Story was on his voyage to
America, in 1G98, " an exceeding great storm"
irose, "so that all the yards were brought
down upon the gunnels, and the helm lashed
nd made fast, and the ship let drive before
the wind. And we, being met together in
the great cabin and steerage, to wait upon
the Lord, as at other times, He was pleased
to appear in the needful time ; for the tempest
ncreased, with thunder and lightning and
rain to that degree, that few there, if &ay,
had ever seen the like.
"And in waiting upon the Lord, I became
concerned in prayer; and being in a mighty
agony, and wrestling in spirit with the Lord,
I received hope that we should not perish;
and having concluded for that time, and my
concern returning, I prayed again ; and then
some stout hearts were broken, and the Lord's
power was glorified, and wo greatly comforted.
For I prayed unto the Lord, who is God of
the seas as well as of the earth, and of the
winds, the Creator of all things visible and
invisible, that He would be pleased to send
forth his Word, and command the winds as
of old ; and that if there was any opposin
spirit that sto )d in our way, to hinder our
progress, the Lord would please to drive h
away. And then I was easy, having fully
overcome ; and my companions, and some
othei-s were also greatly tendered. And as
soon as I arose 1 took the Friends by the
hands, and some others also, and, in full as
surance, told them the worst was over for that
titri'? ; and the words were scarcely out of my
mouth, and 1 set down in the cabin, till the
storm abated, and the weather became mod-
erate for some time after."
A similar incident is related by Adam
Clarke of John We.sley, who had taken pas
sage for Bristol in an English brig which had
touched at Guernsey on its voyage from
France. They left Guernsey with a fine fair
breeze, but in a short time it died away, and
a contrary wind arose and blew with great
force. John Wesley, who was in the cabin,
broke forth in fervent supplication, which
seemed, says A. Clarke, more the offspring
desire. He said :
Almighty and everlasting Goi, thou hast
silenced
ward till it came to me, and then I told them, of strong faith than mer
: wished both the king and them well, and | '• Almighty and everlasti ^
f I could drink to the health of any at all, ijthy say everywhere, and all things serve the
purposes of thy will ; thou boldest the winds
n thy fists, and sittest upon the water floods,
and reignest a King forever; command these
winds and these waves that they obej' Thee,
and lake us speedi'y and safely to the haven
whither we would be,"&e. The power of the
petition was felt bv all present. A. Clarke
went on deck and f>und the wind changed,
and the vessel standing on hsr course with a
teady breeze, which did not abate, but car-
ried thorn at the rate of nine or ten knots an
hour, until they were safely anchored at their
desired port.
When John Richardson was still a youth,
he was driven out from home by his father-
in-law, because he would not give up his at-
tendance on his religious meetings. Ho was
weak and poor, and had no place of refuge,
when he came out upon a great common near
his father's hou-e. He says, " As I was walk-
ing upon the common, the sense of my weak
condition, not knowing whither to go, nor
where to lay my head, although I had many
friends, yet I could not be free to go to them,
unless I bad known thoy had business for me,
being not of a forward, but rather backward
and shy disposition. I say, the sense and
weight of my condition came over me to that
degree, that it appeared to me as though my
way was hedged up on every side, inwardly
and outwardly; I even thought myself like a
pelican in the wilderness, or as an owl in the
des ^rt, there appearing to me scarce a man in
all the earth in my condition, every way con-
sidered ; and in the sense and deep considera-
tion of ray present wilderness state, I felt my-
self under a groat oppression of spirit, and my
heart seemed full, like a bottle that wanted
vent : I looked round about me to see that
none were near to see my tears, nor hear my
cries, and in tho very anguish and bitterness
of ray soul I poured forth my complaints,
cries and tears to the Judge of .all the earth,
who spoke to me and comforted me in this
my deplorable state, which was worse than
Jacob's when he lay upon the ground, and had
a stone for his pillow : he had his near kindred
to go to, whom he might expect would receive
him gladly, but I had none to go to but such
as rather reviled me, and gave me hard lan-
guage ; but the Lord said unto ma, as if a man
had'spoken, ' First seek the kingdom of heaven
and the righteousness thereof, and all these
things that thou standost in need of shall bo
given unto thee.' I then desired he would
please to show me the place I should go to ;
and the Lord opened my way, and showed
me the house I should go to, and abide in for
a time. I said, ' good is the word of the Lord.'
I believed, and it was a great means to stay
my mind, and settle it in the Truth."
Polished steel will not shine in the dark ;
no more can human reason, however refined
and cultivated, shine efficaciously but as it
reflects the light of divine truth from heaven.
— John Foster.
82
THE FRIEND.
TrailitioiiN of llic " Deluge." amoui the Tribes uf the
North-west.
By M. Edls, Shokomish, Washington Territory.
Many of the Indians on this eoa'^t liave a
tradition of a Deluge. Tlie Twana.s on Puget'fl
Sound spoali of it, and that only good Indians
were saved, though there were quite a num
ber of them. It occurred because of a great
rain, and all the country was overflowed.
The Indians went in their canoos to the high-
est mountains near them, which is in the
Olympic range ; and as the waters i-ose above
the top of it, thjy tied their canoes to tlie tops
of the trees on it, so that thej' should not float
away. Their ropes were made of the limbs of
the cedar trees, just as they sometimes make
them at the present time. The waters con-
tinued to rise, however, above the tops of the
trees, until the whole length of their ropes
was reached, and they supposed that they
would be obliged to cut their ropes and drift
away to some unknown place, when the waters
began to recede. Some canoes, however, broke
from their fastenings, and drifted away to the
west, where they say their descendants now
live, a tribe who speak a language similar to
that of the Twanas. This they also say ac-
counts for the present small number of the
tribe. In their language, this mountain is
called by a name which means " Fastener,"
from the fact that they fiislened their canoes
to it at that lime. They also speak of a pigeon
which went out to view the dead. I have
l)ccn told by one Indian that while this highest
mountain was submerged, another one, which
was not far distant from it, and which was
lower, was not wholly covered.
The Clallams, whose country adjoins that
of the Twanas, also have a tradition of a flood,
but some of them believe that it is not very
long ago, perhaps not more than three or four
generations since. One old man sa3's that his
grandfather saw the man who was saved from
the flood, and that he was a Clallam. Their
Ararat, too, is a different mountain from that
of the Twanas.
The Lummi Indians, who live very near
the northern line of Washington Territory,
also speak of a flood, but I have not learned
any particulars in regard to it.
The Puyallop Indians, near Tacoma, say
that the flood overflowed all the country ex-
cept one high mound near Steilacoom, and
this mound is called by the Indians, " The Old
Land," because it was not overflowed.
" Do you see that high mountain overthore,"
said an old Indian to a mountaineer, as they
wci'e riding across the Cascade Mountains,
about seventeen years ago. "I do," was the
reply. " Do you see that grove to the right ?"
the Indian then said. "Yes," said the white
man. " Well," said the Indian, "a long time
ago there was a flood, and all the country was
overflowed. There was an old man and his
family on a boat or raft, and ho floated about,
and the wind blew him to that mountain,
■where he touched bottom. lie stayed there
some time, and then sent a crow to hunt for
land, but it came back without finding any.
After some time he sent the crow again, and
this time it brought a leaf from that grove,
and the old man was glad, for he knew that
the water was going away."
When the earliest missionaries came among
the Spokanes, Nez Forces and Caj'nsos, who
with the Yakimas live in the eastern part of
the Territory, they found that those Indians
had their tradition of a flood, and that o
man and wil'e were saved on a raft. Each of
those three tribes also, together with the
Flathead tribes, has their separate Ararat in
connection with this event.
The Indians of the Warm Spring reserva-
tion in Oregon, and of the Fart Hall reserva-
tion in Idaho, as fiir as I can learn, have no
such tradition. It is possible, however, that
they may have concealed it from their ques
tioners, if they have one, as Indians do many
of their traditions.
When these traditions are compared with
those of other Indians in the eastern part of
the United States, Mexico and South America,
as well as the traditions and records of the
Eastern Hemisphere, it forms in many minds
a very strong argument in favor both of the
truth of the Bible account, and also of the
unity of the race.
Some have objected to these traditions that
perhaps they were not handed down from
former ancestors, but were received from early
traders and teachers ; but for four reasons I
cannot accept the objection : (1) because the
first travellers have often learned this tradi-
tion ; (2) they will even now often distinguish
between the traditions of their ancestors and
the teachings of the first whites who came
here ; (3) they have names of their Ararat, the
great monument of the flood, as " Fastener"
and " Old Land ;" (4) the Mexicans, when dis-
covered, although the}' had no system of writ
ing, yet had a way of representing events b}'
pictures, and this event was recorded among
others.
Hence we must either conclude that all the
traditions had little or no foundation, which
would be absurd, or that there were a large
number of floods, which would be almost as
absurd, for in that event the tradition of one
flood in each tribe could not have been pro-
served so distinctly, especially when a bird of
some kind, and a branch of som*tree, is often
mentioned in connection with it, or else that
there was one great flood, so great that most
of the descendants of those saved have pro-
ved a tradition of it, and if so, all must
have descended from the few who were saved.
American Antiquarian.
Expressions of William Ilunt during his last Illness.
I was sent for to James King's at Newcastle
to meet dear William Hunt and companion,
and on my arrival was much concerned to
nd him so poorly. The next morning he
was much worse; ho said, "dear Betty, I have
longed much to see thee and, if it had been
the Master's will, should have been gla 1 to
havo been in a bettor state of health to have
enjoyed thy company." After a little time
he said, "it will be a sore trial to my poor
Tommy (meaning his companion) if I am
taken away now." I answered, "I hope thou
hast no apprehension of that." Ho said, "I
do not know ; when I wait I seem quite closed
up;" or as ho expressed it another time he
could SCO no way open for him from New-
castle. " The manner," he said, "of my being
cast here seems very wonderful to me," they
having intended for another port, but added
ho, " my mind is quite content." My hus-
band and I being in his room the next morn-
ng, ho said, "the Lord onlj' knows how I
have loved you since our first acquaintance
and longed for your growth and establish-
ment in the blessed truth, and now feel the
same renewed afresh." He then exhorted us'
to faithfulness and diligence, much desiring
we mijjlit come up in our duty and fill up th(
places Providence intended f.)r us, being care j
fill to lay up treasure in Heaven, and saying
" what could thousands of worlds avail m(
now." He told my husband in the afternooo,
he wanted to ask a favor of him, which was
to havo me nurse him awhile, to which he
readily consented. On the third the small|
pox appeared and it proved the confluent
kind. We were apprehensive of danger, but
through all his mind was preserved perfectlj
calm. He one time said, 'one would woiidei
all the world does not seek after a quiet mind
it is such a choice treasure." Not only great
p^>ace attended, but also his patience and for-
titude were truly great, yea sometimes ]
thought his victory was so complete that there
seemed no impatience lott in him, but all res-
ignation to the Master's will who did not
leave him, as he said, " it is enough, my Mas-
ter is here;" and at another time he said. '• mj
Master will not leave me now if I mind Him."
Under a weight of bodily affliction, he said,
"He that laid the foundation of the moun.
tains knows this, and if he pleases can re-
move it." He would not suffer his much
loved companion to stay with him when he
knew his distemper was the smallpox but de-
sired ho might go to Joseph King's at Kin.
sen ; though, he said, ho was a choice nurse
and very aff'ectionato, but Morris Birkbeck
would supply his place, and he was so happy
to think that I furnished that of his wife iu
nursing him. James King and his wife spared
no pains or expense; had a skilled physician
to attend him constantly from the beginning
of his illness, who did his utmost to restore
him and with whose judgment William seem-
ed well satisfied, but said, •' they are all phy-
sicians of no value without the aid of the
Great Physician." I said, "I know thj' de-
pendence is upon Him; he answered, "en-
tirely." One time asking him how be did,
he said, "I am the better for theo, we par-
take of each other every way." Some of the
family going to meeting, he said, " I hope my
dear Betty's service will be acceptable." Oue
time on my observing to him, "we could not
get to bo so resigned as he was," he said, "do
your best and leave it." At another time
with great composure he siid, "the Lord
knows best; I am in His hand, lot Him do
what Ho'will." A few days after he said to
Morris, "do not be alarmed at what I am
going to say ; I havo a request to make, which
is, if I am suddenly taken away thou wilt
write to my dear wife ; let her know all
is well. Write also to my children desiring
them to improve the hints I have frequently
given them for their conduct whilst I was
with them and since." Observing rao to be
very attentivo to do all in my power, he
said, "the Lord refresh thy spirit for thou
hast often refreshed this body ; thou hast
watched this house completely and whether
I live or die thou wilt get thy reward." Ho
asked mo about going to rest, I told him that
night wo would (joth stay with him, "then,"
said he, " will you watch with mo one night
more," which indicated, to me, that he did
not expect to live many. On asking him
how ho found himself, he said, "I am hero
pent and confined to a narrow compass."
This," said ho to Morris, " is a trying time,
but mj' mind is above it all." I often per-
ceived praises and swoet melody in his mind
when few words escaped him. On third day
THE FRIEND.
83
■ -ail to Morris and me, "what, my dear
uii is, what have you been to me now!"
c oUeii asked the time of day and said,
win n shall 1 be released!" At night the
VI r increased, and being restless he said, "I
aiii t(j be settled, dear Bettj', when shall we
) settled!" We were anxiously concerned
lat liis affliction might be shortened, and it
d not continue long. Oh the strength of his
ind. flow divinely was he supported in
le midst of his conflict! Ho triumphantly
id, " truth reigneth over all !" and soon after
lietly departed in great peace, about three
Block on Fourth-day morning the ninth of
Ninth month, seventeen hundred and
Venty-two. Elizabeth Coates.
Dublin in Ireland, the 4th mo. 26th day, 1772.
b the Quarterly Meeting of Ministers and El-
ders to beheld at New Garden, in North Caro-
lina.
Most dear and inwardly beloved friends,
tthers, mothers, brethren and sisters, com-
ions and yoke-fellows in the pure mystery
f the gospel relation, with whom my life in
hrist remains hid, that time and distance
ply seems to strengthen the cords and renew
le cordial notes of celestial concern in the
esh springs and unction of true love. God
Bly knows you are written on the table of my
eart, and printed in the secret of my mind,
here I often read with great consolation in
he midst of trials which indeed have not
een few since our parting with you, and
VQvy connection in this world; but He, who
aised our Lord from the dead, hath strength-
ned us by the renewing our inward man in
limself, in whom we experience sufficienc}',
till remains equal to every allotment pointed
ut in His wisdom. Also the mutual help of
our spirits, which I feel at times ascend as
weet incense from the holy altar, with the
additional concurrence of faithful brethren
•lere in our service, which hath been truly
iiomfortable and confirming, that the God of
Ul grace and glory hath not only called us
into a strange land, but hath owned our labor
'jf love in the hope of the gospel to the joy of
',he sincere in heart. To him, that is all in
111, I desire ever to dedicate the first fruits of
|ny labor, who is worthy of (salvation and
glory forever, amen. And now dearly be-
loved and longed for in the holy union, where
Ihe covenant of our spirits stands firm though
far absent in body, yet being fitly framed ac-
cording to the rule and measure of glory,
which our God in His abounding mercy, never
to be forgotten by many, hath revealed unto
us, through the spirit of His beloved Son "^
cannot be separated, but as we draw sap from
the root that bare us we are grafted in the
Vine and remain members one of another,
feeding at the same table. Still I have noth
ing to communicate, but that which you have
known from the beginning. Hold fast, I
beseech you, that which you have received,
improving in the gift, as workmen that need
not to be ashamed, learning how to divide
the word and work aright, discerning when
to speak and when to be silent, which I still
find to be a close thing. And oh ! that they
who are elders and companions with those
that bear the ark before the congregation,
may go down with them into Jordan and see
the wonders of the Most High in the deep,
dividing the waters in the holy mystery hither
and thither, casting up the way for the seed
of promise ; so shall they be endued with
sound judgment, and a good understanding,
ble to speak a word in season to the wearied
traveller, who may be sometimes halting be-
hind their gifts; also a word of advice, cau-
tion, and counsel to such as are in danger of
moving before the true anointing of the pure
Word which was in the beginning. Herein
all is kept in the comely order of truth, and
you will flourish as by the foundation and
fresh springs of Shiloh, in the unity of the
pirit and perfect bond of consolation one in
another. And dearly beloved, I entreat,
above all things, that j-ou let nothing cold or
shy prevail amongst you, under no pretence
whatever, for that eateth as a canker in the
mystery of iniquity to mar the beauty of the
fellowship wherein is safety and strength. I
am free because I love with unfeigned regard,
and believing you will receive this little offer-
ing; though mean, it is a fragment of the
abundance which is often treasured up in my
heart to you-ward, who am your younger
brother. May it be in faith and patience
which hopeth and endureth to the end, is my
sincere desire. William Hunt.
For " The Friend.'
Extract from letters of Margaret Morris.
(Continued from page 74.)
Margaret Morris to M. M. Collins.
Burlington, 11th mo. 10th, 1811.
* * * I am, through mercy, very much
mended since my last letter, and have resumed
my usual seat in the corner, being engaged in
making shirts for thy brother, which, 1 think,
will be the last work of the kind I shall un-
dertake.
When I came down stairs, I could not help
giving a mournful look at the vacant space
where ray * * * cradle stood, and was ready
wish for him again to cheer me with a
fiile ; but recollected the words of the poet :
Oft our fondest wishes want control,
And iHeaven groW.s jealous of the wandering soul ;
Then, wise and good, the object He removed
Which seemed o'ervalued, and an idol proved "
There is certainly such a thing as sympathy
of spirit, and by the letter now before me, I
find thou hast been sympathizing with mo
during the late uncomfortable wet weather,
which affected mo much, and I could not but
compare myself to an old house which had
been often buffeted by the winds and waves,
until it had got so much out of repair, there
was no knowing where to begin to stop the
cracks and breaches made by time, and that
it might as well be left to totter and fall down ;
however, I at length concluded to prop the
old fabric up, and by the application of flan-
nels and a warm room, it is now a pretty com-
fortable tabernacle, considering all things.
Tell thy I. C, thy mention of the " book"
he was reading to thee, gave me heartfelt
pleasure; it is one 1 delighted to read when
young, and has been a solace to me in the de-
cline of life ; although I have had to mourn
and lament that at certain seasons of my life
it was too much neglected, and a taste ac-
quired, as I was fond of reading, for less pro-
fitable books ; let my experience, my dear
child, warn thee against reading many books
that have a tendency to withdraw the mind
from serious thoughts, and lay the foundation
for many dangerous snares ; it is easier to pre-
vent than cure bad habits, which strengthen
by unseen degrees.
Thy repeated mention of thy comfortable,
happy situation, adds much to mine, and 1
have cause to bless the hand that cast thy lot
n a ftimily, to every branch of whom I feel
nearly united, and am flattered in believing
the affection is mutual.
12th mo. 21st.
The weather with us, as with you, has been
for some days very severe ; but if lue, who have
warm houses and plenty of fuel, are pinched
th cold, what must those feel who have
neither? Indeed, it is necessary that we
should sometimes visit the habitations of mis-
erj-, in order to make us more sensible of, and
thankful for, the favors bestowed on us by a
bountiful Providence — who sometimes lav-
ishes his good things on us, not according to
our merit, but by way of trial, to see how we
use His benefits ; and wo ought to bear in
mind, that the Hand which opens can shut,
and be prepared to receive both good and evil
with a chastened heart.
Love, as usual, from thy truly maternal,
M. M.
The same, to the same.
Our cousins left me the day after you did ;
also, thy brother went to Philadelphia the
same day. I have not since heard from him ;
so that tho old proverb has been verified,
"after a feast comes a famine," and wo are
again quite alone; thus it will ever be, while
we continue in this sublunary world — one
day joy, and the next sorrow. M will tell
thee how much * * * has been discouraged
in his prospects of success in the little way of
trade he was engaged in, and has concluded
to go to sea in hopes of succeeding better; it
will bo a great trial to mo, as well as his wife,
but wo must submit: she, in the hope of see-
ing him return,— I, in the hope of meeti ng
him where we shall part no more — for, with
the poet I can say —
"That added years to life gives nothing new,
But like a sieve lets all my comforts through ;"
which has been remarkably verified in my
experience ; but, having been long learning
the important lesson of resignation, I can now
say, without a murmuring sigh, " Thy will be
done." This, my love, shall ever bo my prayer
on earth, and my highest anthem in heaven
f I am favored there to join tho innumer-
able company of those whose sorrows hero
are forgotten.
To the same.
12lhmo. 3d, 1811.
* * * In thy next, explain the meaning
of thy saying, it will be a "year" before I
shall again see thee ; surely we shall think it
a very long time. For me to look so far for-
ward would savor of presumption ; from day
to day is what I can hardly promise myself;
j'ot, if it shall pleaso Divine Goodness 'to
gratify me with another visit from the child
of my age— as I fondly style thee, my love-
it will be esteemed a singular favor. Yet,
why should I seek to strengthen the bonds
that hold me down to earth, when my feeble
frame and increasing infirmities so loudly call
on mo to bid adieu to all ? Yet, humbly hoping,
and believing, too, when we shall well have
performed the duties allotted us hero, we shall
bo permitted to meet again in happier regions ;
and, to be prepared for the happy abode of
saints and angels, it is highly important that
we begin while here on earth to practise tho
duties'^and cherish the virtues which will en-
title us to the notice of our Creator. I need
not point out to thee, my love, what these
"duties and virtues" are; tho monitor in thy
84
THE FRIEND.
own heart cau tell thee in more forcible lan-
g lage than I can. When its voi-je is heard,
d'jHl turn, away from it till a more "convenient
season."
To the same.
2d mo. lOth, 1812.
* * * I.S it not Strange that impressions
so engraven should long continue, while those
of more recent date quickly pass away ? But
1 believe it is always the case with old people,
at least it is so with me, for my memory, " too
faithful to its trust," brings my pa^t sorrows
often to my view, and sometimes almost unfits
me for the relish of present enjoyments, of
which I am favored with a large share in the
affectionate attention of my dear children and
grand-children, who seem to vie with each
other to make the comfortless season of de-
clining life pass less heavily away. But oh !
what would all this do for one, that could not
look back on the past transactions of a long
life, and with some degree of confidence say,
" I have done what 1 could," and press for-
ward with a chastened hope that the en-
deavors to do right were not despised by Him
in whose awful presence she must shortly ap-
pear; these serious thoughts often occupy my
mind when I think as I sometimes do, of the
solemn change which is approaching \j'ith
slow but certain pace, when 1 must bid adieu
to all the endearing ties of nature that hold
and bind me still to earth ! M. M.
(To he fODtinueil.)
Expensive Cariosities in the Brighton (Eng-
land) Aquarium. — The largest item in the
commissariat returns is that for dead fish,
which is supplied fresh by contract daily from
Billingsgate Market. More than sixteen tons
are consumed annually, mainly by the mam-
mals and reptiles. The family of sea lions
(Otario Stelleri) dispose of about 50 lbs. a day,
350 lbs. in a week, or eight tons in a year.
They are fed four times a day, either on
whiting, plaice, haddock, herring or mackerel,
the two latter being their favorite food. The
lish is most carefully cleansed and prepared,
the plaice filleted, the head and collar bones
of the haddock removed, and the herring and
mackerel thoroughly searched lest a hidden
hook should prove fatal. The food is swal
lowed at one gulp, disappearing so rapidly
down their muscular throats that one would
imagine they could not taste it; but "Madame"
is excessively dainty, and evidently discerns,
both by sight and smell, the nature of the
food provided, disdaining plaice and haddock,
and refusing even to attempt to catch a por-
tion of either in her mouth until she is quite
sure that the supply of that which she pre-
fers is entirely exhausted. Her consort is
troubled with a large appetite, and is some-
what less particular. They are occasionally
treated with a bushel of sprats at a meal,
which are very quickly demolished, and it is
amusing to see them diligently searching the
pond lest by chance one should have been for-
gotten. These exceedingly handsome ani-
mals were brought from California, and have
now been on exhibition for nearly three years.
They have much increased in size since their
arrival. "Jack" is ten feet long and weighs
1400 weight. In Ma}', 1877, the lioness gave
birth to a cub, the first of its species ever born
in captivity. A second, a female, was born
in March last; but, unfortunately, did not
survive. The j'oung sea-lion is now
as large as his mother
she prevented his taking to the water, and
brought him to land in her mouth on one oc-
casion when he accidentally fell into the pond.
The pai-ent animals are in splendid condition,
and are very intelligent and docile. Their
performances at feeding-time are highly di-
verting, tor they are remarkably well trained,
and take food from the hands of their keeper
or plunge after it into the water. The cub
ate his first fish when two months old. —
From the "Commissariat of the Brighton
Aquarium," in the Leisure Hour.
Selccttd for " The Friend.
Leave God to order all thy ways,
And hope in Hira, whate'er betide ;
Thou'lt find Him in the evil days
An all snfBcient strength and guide.
Who trusts in God's unchanging love.
Builds on the rock that naught can move.
What can these anxious cares avail,
These never-ceasing moans and sighs?
What can it help us to bewail
Each painful moment as it flies?
Our cross and trials do but press
The heavier for our bitterness.
Only your_ restless heart keep still,
And wait in cheerful liope, content
To take whate'er His gracious will.
His all-discerning love, hath sent ;
Nor doubt our inmost wants are known
To Him who chose us for His own.
He knows when joyful hours are best,
He sends them as He sees it meet;
When thou hast borne its fiery test.
And now art freed from all deceit,
He comes to thee all unaware.
And makes thee own His loving care.
Nor in the heat of pain and strife.
Think God hath cast thee ofl' unheard;
Nor that the man whose prosperous life
Thou enviest, is of Him preferred ;
Time passes and much change doth bring.
And sets a bound to everything.
All are alike before His face ;
'Tis easy to our God most High
To make the rich man poor and base,
To give the poor man wealth and joy.
True wonders still of Him are wrought,
W' ho setteth up and brings to naught.
Work, pray, and swerve not from His ways,
But do thine own part faithfully ;
Trust His rich promises of gr.ace,
So shall it be fulfilled in thee;
God never yet forsook at need
The soul that trusted Him indeed.
Georrje Neumark.
Among the extensive collection of stone and
shell implements cidlected recently for the
Smithsonian Institute by Stephen Bowers, in
California, were some diminutive, flat, circular
shell beads which are undoubtedly the most
delicate examples of aboriginal workmanship
ever discovered. They are smaller than au
ordinary pin's head, the central perforations
being so minute as scarcely to admit of the
passage of a needle. These specimens of
native wampum were probably wrought from
pecies of Olivella. It is impossible to con-
ceive how they could have been fashioned by
the aid simply of stone tools. At first they
were supposed to be natural crinoidal seg-
ments, but an examination of them beneath
the microscope proved thorn to have been
artificially worked, the delicate striiB appear-
n parallel rows and not radiating from
the centre. They were found in a grave on
San Miguel Island, associated with quantities
arly |of a large variety of bearl cut from the Olivella
Wljen quite young, biplicata. — American Antiquarian.
For "Tlie Friend"
I have felt much concern, because many ii
our Society have departed from our primiliv
belief in all men having a day or timeof visi
lation, wherein they may be restored to th
Divine favor from which they have fallen
It has been boldly asserted, that none are s
visited bj' the II0I3' Spirit, until they are coc|
verted. Meetings have been appointed, pel
sons deputed by committees or otherwise t
attend such meetings, and moneys raised fo
such purposes, and in them the doctrine ha
been held forth, that the only con^iition re(
quired for conversion is a belief that Jesuj
Christ shed his blood on the cross for all theij
sins, which are there and then remitted. j
William Penn, in speaking of the teacl
of Friends in his day, says ; " All were direct
ed to the Light of Jesus Christ within them
as the seed and leaven of the kingdom of God
near all, because in all, and God's talent I
all. A faithful and true witness and jus
monitor in every bosom. The gift and grac
of God to life and salvation, that appears t
all, though few regard it." Preface to Geo
Fox's Journal, page 9.
Job Scott, in 1770, chap. 2d, page 29 of hi
Journal, gives an account of his conversion
to which I would earnestly direct the atten
tion of our younger Friends, as well as thos-
more advanced and matured. "Thus I con
tinned still in vanity and folly, with interval
of deep distress and mourning, that is, unti
about nineteen yeais of age, when I bee
more fully and clearly convinced, and tha
very much bj' the immediate operatio7is, illu
minations and openings of Divine Light in m
own mind, that this inward something whici
had been thus long and powerfully slrivinj
with me, disturbing my every false rest, con
futing every false and sin-flattering imagina
tion of flesh and blood, or of the grand adver
sary, and enjoining it upon me to give up all
and walk in the ways of virtue and true self
denial, ivos the true and living Spirit andpowei
of the eternal God; the very same that strove
with the old world, influenced the patriarchs
prophets, and apostles; and visiis, strives
with, and at seasons more or less influen
the hearts of all mankind. I now saw ihif
the only principle of true conversion and sal
vation ; that so long as this was resisted and
rejected, separation must infallibly remain be-
tween God and the soul; but that whenever
this is received and in all things thoroughly
submitted to, a thorough reconciliation takes
place. Some may think this doctrine robs
Christ of the honor of our redemption and re-
conciliation ; but I apprehend none can think
so who understand the doctrine of salvation'
by Jesus. It was through the eternal Spi
this very Spirit that visits and strives with;
all that Christ offered up that prepared body
It is through and only through the influence
of the same Holy Spirit, that any soul was
ever converted to God, or savingly benefitted
hj the redemption that is in Jesus."
This was the doctrine of Friends. It can
only be through that which convinces of evil
"that anj' can bo converted from the evil of
their waj's." The churches of Rome and En^
land, so called, and others, may assert that by
water baptism the person "is madeamenibe
of Christ, a child of God, and an inheritor of
the kingdom of heaven," vide Catechism.
THE FRIEND.
85
sir preachers may assert that Christ onl}'
j^htens by his ministers and ordinances.
, until uow, Friends have ever believed
at Christ is the true Light, that eulight-
th every man that cometh into the world."
)ear young Friends, may you be enabled
urn the ears of your souls to hear Him,
ho now speuketh from heaven," and may
words have an abiding place in your
rts, so that you may become his, by com-
out of every defiling thing: that he may
3II in you, and become your Teacher,
ider, and Director; that you may become
timony bearers for his truth, and against
ry false way. S. C.
[illville, Orleans Co., N. Y., 10th mo. 1878.
For "The Friond.*'
niar of the Bible Association of Friends in America,
n again calling the attention of Auxiliaries
the Annual Queries to be answered pre-
us to the general meeting of the Associa-
n on the 6th of Eleventh month, the Cor-
ponding Committee would press upon
iends, who have been engaged in the dis-
bution of the Holy Scriptures, the iraport-
36 of furnishing full and accurate answers
all the Queries, and of forwarding their re-
rt seasonably to the Depository.
[t may be recollected, that in making dona-
to Auxiliaries, the Board are guided in
siding what number of Bibles and Testa
nts shall be sent to each, b}' the informa
iven in its report. Hence those Aux-
iries that do not report in time, are liable
left out in the distribution.
Specific directions should be given in every
le, how boxes should be marked and I'or-
rded ; and their receipt should always be
imptly acknowledged.
Address John S. Stokes, No. 116 JST. Fourth
reel, Philadelphia.
Samdel Bettle,
Charles Rhoads,
James Whitall,
Committee of Correspondence.
Philada., Ninth mo. 1878.
QUERIES.
I. What number of farailie.s or individuals have been
lituitously furnished with the Holy Scriptures by the
iixiliary during the past year?
i. What number of Bibles and Testaments have been
d by the Auxiliary within the past year ?
b. How many members, male and female, are there
longing to the Auxiliary ?
li. What number of families of Friends reside within
limits?
5. Are there any families of Friends within your
nits not supplied with a copy of the Holy Scriptures
good clear type, and on fair paper ; if so, how many ?
6. How many members of our Society, capable of
iding the Bible, do not own such a copy of the Holy
riptures ?
7. How many Bible.s and Testaments may probably
disposed of by sale within your limits ?
8. Is the income of the Auxiliary sufficient to supply
lose within its limits who are not duly furnished with
le Holy Scriptures?
9. What number of Bibles and Testaments would it
'[ necessary for the Bible Association to furnish gratu'
usly, to enable the Auxiliary to supply each family
10. What number would be required in order to fui
sh each member of our religious Society, capable of
ading, who Is destitute of a copy, and unable to pui
lase it?
II. How many Bibles and Testaments are now on
md?
The Ecil of Detraction. — There is a story
)ld of a woman who had been in the practice
f circulating gossip and scandal to the injury
f her neighbors, being at length brought to
sense of her wrong doing. Going to a
priest to confess in order to obtain forgive-
ness, he procjred a ripe thislle-top and di-
rected her to take out the seeds and sow them
one by one on the land all around. The poor
woman came back and told the priest that
ho had done what he had required of her;
he then, to her astonishment, ordered her to
go out and gather the seeds all up again.
This, she replied, was impossible ; when the
priest told her it was no more impossible than
it was for her to undo the mischief she had
done, by repeating and circulating the evil
reports.
From tlio '• Leisure nour."
A Pet Cormorant.'
Among the many strange pots which we
Shetland delighted to keep, one of the
most interesting and amusing was a cornio
rant, which was brought to us from the nest
when quite young, and which we kept fo
several years. His earliest days were spent
on the well-known Flugga Skerry in the north
of Unst, and he became the captive of the
most daring and successful fowler in the Shet
land Islands, who brought the young "Lor
ing," as the cormorant is called in Unst, to
ray father by waj' of a little present
We soon tound that Toby, as we named the
cormorant, was not at all fastidious regard-
ing his diet. He speedily proved himself to
be a gentle receiver of every kind of food —
fish, flesh, or fowl — and when all of these
were scarce, he even condescended to partake
of huge lumps of cold porridge, cheese-curd,
bread^ potatoes, or in fact anything which
came first to hand. He preferred fish, of
ourse, to everything else, but quantity was
his motto; quality he concerned himself lit-
thus disposed of we called a halt, remember-
that there were other members of our
family stdl to be fed. Moreover, the five
plump birds, with their heads, legs, bills, and
feathers, appeared to have taken the fine edge
off even Tuby's excellent appetite, for when
he hobbled away to his favorite reti-eat in u
coal-shed near, the legs of the fifth and last
starling were to be seen projecting from his
bill.
When Toby had been with us about a year
he one day took it into his head to try whether
his growing wings would carry him to the
not distant sea. Taught by instinct, or by
experiment, that he could nut rise from the
level ground, he managed to climb to the top
of a high stone wall, thereby securing a good
start. I well remember the consternation
which his departure occasioned, for we all
concluded that Toby had left us for good and
all, and that, having once reached the sea, he
would never think of coming back. But such
an act of desertion formed no part of Toby's
plan. On the contrarj-, and as if to reassure
our minds, he made his first visit to salt water
a very short one, and speedily returned to his
accustomed place. He had stajed long enough,
however, to provide himself with an ample
meal, and having learned how to earn his
own living, he thereafter gave us little or no
trouble about his food. He went off regu-
larly every morning, sometimes staying only
for an hour or two, and at other times remain-
ing on the water all day, the period of his
absence being apparently regulated by the
abundance or scarcity of fish in the harbor.
But he always came home in the evening,
and hardly ever failed to report himself in
the kitchen, where he liked to get as near
tie about, lie had not been with us long! the peat fire as he conveniently could. We
when he began to rec-'gnise and intercept the took measures to guard against his falling a
convoys of provisions which the children of
our fisher neighbors brought to our house for
the benefit of our motley crew of pets. Toby
was looked upon as an "uncanny bird," and,
moreover, his powerful bill was capable of
inflicting grievous damage ujion the bare legs
of the little urchins whom he attacked. So as
a rule Toby had first choice of the fish that
came to our establishment, for the children
used to throw down their fish-baskets and
take to their heels u])on his approach. His
first essay in a flesh diet was made in bolting
a live mouse which a proud young tabby cat
had brought home to her first kitten. This
experiment was so thoroughly satisfactory
that he immediately afterwards attempted to
swallow the kitten itself, and was only pre
vented from accomplishing the dreadful deed
by the timely interposition of a common
friend. Toby's capacity for food of every
kind was indeed almost beyond belief. In
the winter following his advent among us
fish were very scarce, and Toby had to con-
tent himself with what other victuals might
be available. On one occasion my brother
in-law, Dr. Saxby, had shot a number of
starlings in order to furnish a substantial re
past for the snowy owl, and for a cast of
young merlins which had been added to our
family. When passing through the yard
where Toby was anxiously looking out for a
meal, I tossed one of the starlings to the hun-
gry bird, hardly expecting him to touch it
But Toby cleverly caught it and bolted it
feathers and all, without a moment's hesita
tion. Another starling followed, and another,
and another; but when five in all had been
victim to anj' sportsman's gun during his daily
fishing expeditions, and every owner of a
fowling-piece far and near in our island was
asked to be careful not to shoot at a loring
anj'where near the harbor of Baltasound.
1 grieve to say that poor Toby came to a
tragic end — not at the hands of a fowler nor
upon the sea, but at the very fireside which
he had loved so well. An aged sheep-dog,
whose fifteen years of faithful service had
earned for him a pensioner's place in our
household, had long regarded Tobj''8 appear-
ance in the kitchen with suspicion and dis-
like. He had been a sporting collie in his
best days, and he had about the same amount
of respect and regard for a cormorant that a
retriever may be supposed to entertain for a
partridge. Some slight difference of opinion
between bird and dog as to possession of a
snug corner by the ingle nook resulted one
fatal day in a dire catastrophe. In a moment
of senile rage at having his little comforts in-
terfered with by a bird, whose whole race he
had been taught to regard as lawful prey, the
old dog attacked poor Toby and killed him
on the spot before any one could interfere.
A Judge in the Slocks. — Lord Camden once
presided at a trial, in which a charge was
brought against a magistrate for false im-
prisonment, and for setting the plaintiff in the
stocks. The counsel for the magistrate, in his
reply, said the charges were trifling, particu-
larly that of setting in the stocks, which every-
body knew was no ])unishment at all. The
Chief Justice rose, and leaning over the bench,
said, in a half whi.'^per, "Brother, were you
8G
THE FRIEND.
ever in the stocks ?" " In the stocks, my lo'd !
No, never!" "Then I have been," returned
his lordship; "and I assiii-e you, brother, it
is no such tride as you represent."
His lordship's knowledge of'the stocks arose
from the follovvinu; eircumstaneo. Wlien he
was on a visit to Lord Dacro, his brother-in-
law, at Alveley, in Essex, he walked out one
day with a gentleman rentiarkable for his ab-
sence of mind. When thej^ had reached a hill
at some distance from the house, his lordship
sat down on the parish stocks, which stood
by the roadside; and after some time, he
asked his companion to open them, as he
wished to know what the punishment was.
This being done, the absent gentleman took
a book from his pocket, and sauntered about,
till he forgot both the judge and his situation,
and returned to Lord Dacre's house. When
the judge was tired of the experiment he had
so rashly made, he found himself unable to
open the stocks, and asked a countryman who
was passing by to assist him. "No, no, old
gentleman," was the rustic's response, "you
were not set there for nothing." Lord Cam-
den protested his innocence, but in vain. The
countryman walked on, and left his lordship
to meditate for some time longer on his foolish
situation, until some of Lord Dacre's servants,
happening to pass that way, released him. —
Jjaie Paper.
For " The Friend."
William Ncwbold.
There are comparatively but few left among
those actively engaged in the affairs of our
religious Society, who can recall the charac-
teristic traits, the standing in the church, and
the labors of the Friendwhose name is at the
head of this article. But those who recollect
iiini know that he was a man of no ordinary
t3q5e, but was marked by his intellectual en-
dowments, his religious experience, and the
diligence and faithfulness with which he ap-
plied the talents with which he was entrusted
to promote the cause of truth and righteous-
ness and to benefit his fellow men.
During the painful controver.sy and other
severe trials which preceded and accompanied
the separation frona the Society of Friends
within the compass of Philadelphia Yearly
Meeting of the followers of E. Hieks, ho was
conspicuous for the unj'ielding firmness, the
christian integrity and righteous zeal, vvith
which he strove to repel the tide of Socinian
doctrine that swept through the Society in
America, to warn and to protect the members
from being carried away by it.
As an elder in the church, to which station
he was appointed in the thirty-first year of
his age, he was faithful in the performance of
his duties, and in the Yearly Meeting, though
his voice was not very often heard, his opin-
ions and judgment were alwaj's received with
deference and respect. His loss vvas deeply
felt throughout the Yearly Meeting when he
was removed from works to rewards, and
many of the citizens of the State in which ho
lived retain a grateful sense of the efforts
made by him to ])romoto the public welfare.
In the first number of the present volume
of " The Friend," there was republished an
extract from the obituary notice of William
Newbold, that a|)peare(l in that journal soon
after his decease, but having recently been
])ut in possession of a copy of some iK)tes taken
of his expressions during his last diness, by
members of his family, I have thought them
well worthy of being laid before the readers
of " The Friend," containing as they do much
that is instructive, and confirming in the
christian faith.
Some expressions of William Newbold, formerly
of Burlington county, New Jersey. Taken
during and directly after the last feio days of
his life.
Note. — In making the following collection, many of
his interesting and instructive remarks are omitted ;
some because they were not recollected with sufficient
clearnefs to lie given positively in his language. Where
changes have been made from his expressions, they are
not by additions but by omissions, principally on ac-
count of family considerations.
On Third-day morning, the 12th of the
Eighth month, 1828, he mentioned he thought
his end was near ; and to the doctor, he wish
od him not to administer an}' more medicine.
Pretty soon after he had his particular
family, together with his brothers and sisters,
collected, and previous to taking leave of them,
addressed each individual in a brief and perti-
nent manner. Soon after he commenced speak-
ing, he raised his voice, (which during most
of his illness had been reduced to a whisper,)
so as to be distinctly heard over the roim.
At a succeeding time he had the remainder
of his family collected, and also saw several
individuals he had requested might be present,
to whom he communicated much good coun-
sel, mixed with earnest expressions of uni-
versal love to all who loved the Lord Jesus.
His sufferings, which he bore with remark-
able patience and Christian fortitude, con-
tinued to be very great until near his close,
which took place at half past one, on First
day morning, the 17th of the Eighth month,
1828, when he quietly breathed his last, in the
sixty second j'ear of his age.
On Third-day morning the 12th, his family
being collected in his room, he commenced
with, " ' Behold the Lamb of GoJ that taketh
away the sins of the world.' It seems as
though I must talk to you, though I know
by doing so, I dispel the angelio feelings with
which my mind is clothed." "Oh the love I
feel." To one of his sons, he said, " I want
thee to give my love to my dear friends, and
tell them that I die as I have lived, firm in
the faith of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ,
who was born of the Virgin Mary, and cruci-
fied without the gates of Jerusalem. And if
I obtain salvation, it will be by and through
Him. Amen."
He said to a friend present, "The Lord
bless thee. Indeed He has blessed thee with
many blessings. But there is a blessing to
which no sorrow is added." Soon after, he
was impressed with the belief that his time
here was short, and he remarked to his wife.
" My dear, the time of my departure is at
hand, and I vvish to tell thee that I have ob-
tained a good degree of resignation. I have
fought the good fight, I have kept the faith.
It is too much to say I have fought the good
fight, but I have kept the f\iith as it in Jesus.
And I believe there is a crown of glory for
mo." Then raising both hands, he deliberate-
ly said, "A crown, a crown, a crown."
On another occasion he remarked, '' We all
have our foibles. There aie at this time, a
number of goodly young men who are im-
pressed with the importance of maintaining
the truth, in such a day as was hardly ever
known. My mind has ofien been pained at
the notice, the indiscreet notice which some
Friends have shown to some of the young
'people, whose faces have been turned, I b
lieve, Zionward. Oh, my spirit has often be
pained-on seeing the work thus marreil.
is unkind to them, and unkind to the truf
I have no individual in view. It is au o
servation which will apply generally."
"I have no objections that Friends shou
know, that I say, there are some Friem
who have the seed of God, the seed of tl
kingdom in them, but I fear there is too mu(
of a high church party spirit in some of the
minds. This will not do Christ's work. The:
wants more Christian humility."
Of the dividing spirit in our religious S
ciety, he said : " The doctrines of Elias Hick
are as opposite to the doctrines of Christian
ty, as it is possible for one thing to be (
another. If he were here, I should say tl
same to him. I should be glad to do it
" The evil he has done in the world, oh, ho
great. How many poor creatures have be(
deluded by him."
After having been still for a considerab
time, he said in a ver}' commanding mann«
" Get thee behind me Satan, for thou savore
not the things which be of God." "He th
puttcth his hand to the plough and looket
back, is not fit for the kingdom."
When his sufferings were very great, 1
sometimes said Oh ; but on one occasion, he r
marked, "I do not mean to complain whea
say. Oh. I must,ondeavor to fill up my a
loted portion of the sufferings of Christ, ft
Christ's sake."
"Our poor little despised meeting: I (
not know what will become of it. I can
let go our poor little de-ipised meeting. N
that I am able to do any mighty work, bi
each one may help. Oh, the weight, tl
weight, the weight is wanting. Many w;
say they are not spiritual members ; they wis
they were; but if they will bow prostrate
humility at the throne of Grace; then tl
work is done, and a preparation will be thei
by experienced to be instructed."
" In our religious Society there will be gret
trials yet. They are not at an end. Thei
will be siftings and re-siftings, rendings ar
re-rendings, until it is purged and purified
" For the Lord is determined to raise up an
sustain a people, who will follow Him in tt
footsteps and purity of George Fox. Bi
none of us may live to see this ; yet it will
"I hope you will not attach too much in
portance to your professing correct views
religion. There is a very great differenc
between a Christian professor and a Chri
tian jjossessor.
"A man may be a Christian professor an
not a Christian at all. But whoever is
Christian possessjr, can not fail to be a Chri
tian professor."
"It is too absurd to think there are t\\
ways to heaven. And many poor deluded on^
will find there never was a middle path 1
heaven." " If I die, I wish all to know I d
firm in the faith of our Lord and Savioi
Jesus Christ." "And a virgin shall bi
forth a son, and thou shalt call his ni
Jesus; for He shall save his people /ro?« the
sins."
" I pray theo. Oh Heavenly Father, not th:
my surt'erings may be diminished, but that
may have my full portion of them now ;
that at the close 1 may bo favored to d(
part peacefully and quietly." And after a
minutes in silence, ho added, "I think 1 si
clearly, for which I am very thankful, an
THE FRIEND.
r my acknowledgments, that my prayer
jranted, and that I shall be favored to de-
t in more peace and quiet than many."
)n being requested to take some nourish-
nt, he said, " It is too late. I have yielded
gh to convince all of you, that I am not
ilinate. You must now give me up to my
avenly Father." He spoke to one present,
the necessity of attending to small iotima-
ns of duty. And said, "there are none of
m small, as our peace is dependent on their
SIment." He then mentioned a circum-
nee which occurred to himself in early life,
ich was confirming to his mind, and went
prjve the necessity of surrendering our
1. And then added, "nothing belongs to
; but I mention it, that the name of my
avenly Father may bo glorified on the
th."
3d waking up, he said, "Cease fond nature,
ise thj' strife," but soon added, " Oh, I am
afiaid I am not patient enough." "Oh
) virtues, the many virtues that are want-
to make a Christian." "I hope Jam a
rislian. If I am not, I have sadly deceived
'self." "Sweet Jesus give me ease, for
rey I do crave." " And thou will grant it
thy own time." " If time and cireum-
nces would admit of it, I should have no
ction to have as many collected as could
within the hearing of my voice. But not
unbeliever. For one unbelieving soul
8 the work, and puts death into the pot."
After a severe turn of hiccoughing, he said
ry emphatically, "OH, I want with my
ng breaih, to express my firm belief in the
ne and power of Jesus Christ, who was
rn of the blessed virgin, aad was borne to
Ivary's Mount, and crucified without the
tes of Jerusalem : and that there is salva-
n no other name, being, iuaaginatioos
opinions, under Heaven, let people think
lat they may."
•I told you some time since, that the time
refreshing would come; and now it has
rme. It is" the day of jubilee, the jubilee of
L ird." "Oh, brothers and sisters, and
asiiis and all, for all are brought pretty
ich on a level now, join me in rejoicing that
is day has come. My joy is unspeakable."
want you to see with what peace a Chris-
n can die." "My blessings, my blessings,
y blessings. They have been as the sands
the seashore for multitude." " Thanks
to thee, Oh Heavenly Father, for so much
ace of mind. What a providential care it
that I have so little suffering now, near the
" Oh how I crave there may be no impur
as this." " I have had a great deal to saj-,
and if I have been at all instrumental in sav-
ing one poor soul, Oh what a blessing."
Obeisances. — Herbert Spencer writes as fol
lows in the Fortnightly Rtview: Speaking of a
party of Shoshones surprised by them, Lewis
and Clarke say : " The other two, an elderly
woman and a little girl, seeing we were too
near for them to escape, sat on the ground,
and holding down their heads, seemed as if
reconciled to the death which they supposed
awaited them. The same habit of holding
down the head and inviting the enemy to
strike when all chance of escape is gone is
])reserved in Egypt to this day." Here we
are shown an effort to propitiate by actual
submission ; and from acts so prompted origi-
nate obeisances. When, at the outset, in
illustration of the truth that ceremony pre-
cedes not only social evolution but even hu-
man evolution, I named the behavior of a
small dog which throws itself on its back in
the presence of an alarming great dog, proba-
bly many readers th >ught I was putting on
this behavior a somewhat forced conslruciion.
They would not have thought so had thej'
known that a parallel mode of behavior oc-
curs among human beings. Djscribing the
liatoka salutation, Livingstone says: " The^-
throwtheraselveson their b.icks on the ground,
and, rolling from side to side, slap the outside
of their thighs as expressions of thankfulness
and welcome." Whether or not consciously
adopted for this reason, the assumption of
this attitude, which implies, " You ne^d not
subdue me; I am subdued already," is the
best means of obtaining safely. JRjsistance
generates antagonisms and arouses the de-
structive insiincts; and by prostration, on
the back, which, perhaps more than any other
position, makes self-defence impractica'de, re-
sistance is negatived. I say perhaps, because
another attitude may be instanced as equally
helpless, which more elaborately displays com-
plete subjugation. "At Tonga Tabu * * *
the gealest respect imaginable by prostrating
themselves before him, and by putting hi
foot on their necks." The like occurs ii
Africa. Laird says tho messengers from the
King of Fundah "each bent down and jjut
my foot on their heads." And among historic
peoples this position, originated b}' defeat in
battle, became a position assumed in acknowl-
edged submission. From these primary obei-
sances thus representing, as literally as may
be, the attitudes of the conquered beneath the
conqueror, there come obeisances which e
press in various ways the subjection of the
ering at my grave; none but what is of' slave to the master — this last being the se
holy unction ; none but what is sealed quence of the first. Of old in the East such
th the holy seal. That is, I mean the au-
ority from which it comes, is sealed with
e holy seal. And if it is, it will bring con-
ction to the minds of the hearers."
Some of our Friends are in the practice
holding up the names of deceased indi-
duals as gallery texts, and of taking the op-
)rtunity to preach at funerals, because the
:casion is a solemn one, and a time when
feelings can be easily wrought upon :
hich is wrong."
This is no time to study language. I
kre not swerve if the whole world were of-
red me. This is no time to balk or fliuch.
must say what there is given me to saj'."
Oh the comfort, the inexpressible comfort
having Jesus for our friend, at such a time
subjection was expressed when '• Benhadad
servants girded sackcloth on their loins and
put ropes on their heads, and came to the
King of Israel." In Peru, where the militant
type of organization was pushed to so great
an excess, Garciliasso tells us that a sign of
humility was to have the hands tied and a
rope round the neck ; that is, there was an
assumption of those bonds which originally
marked captives brought from the battle-field.
Along with this mode of simulating slavery,
another mode was employed when approach
ing thelnca; servitude had to be indicated
by carrying a burden ; and " this taking up
a load to enter the presence of Atahualpa, is
a ceremony which was performed b}' all the
lords who have reigned in that land."
THE FRIEND.
TENTH MONTH 26, 1878.
We believe the happiness of man is promoted
even in this present life by a sincere devotion
to the causa of religion ; and yet it cannot be
denied that it is through many tribulations
the righteous enter the kingdom. Of the
Blessed Saviour himself it was foretold, that
He should be despised and rejected of men, a
man of sorrows and acquainted with grief.
And this prediction is shown to have been
true by the narrative of His labors and suffer-
ings when personally on earth. He said to
His disciples, "In the world ye shall have
tribulation," but he added. " Be of good cheer ;
I have overcome the world." Again he told
them, that they should " weep and lament,"
but that their sorrow should " be turned into
joy." In close accordance with these expres-
sions, is the testimony of Paul, who reminded
the- Ephesian elders of the " many tears and
temptations which befell him ;" and declared
as to the future, that " The Holy Ghost wit-
nesscth in every city, sajing that bonds and
afflictions abide me ;" but he could also add
these noble words, " But none of these things
move me, neither count I my life dear unto
myself, so that I might finish my course with
joy." In his epistle to the Corinthians, he
speaks of himself "as sorrowful, yet always
rejoicing," and says, "7 take pleasure in in-
firmities, in reproaches, in necessities, in per-
secutions, in distresses for Christ's sake." Ho
tells the Colossians that he rejoices in his suf-
ferings for them ; and the Thessalonians, that
they " received the word in much affliction,
with joy of the Holy Ghost ;" and that in tho
midst of all his "affliction and distress," he
hal been comforted by their faith.
It was no doubt the fervent faith of the
Apostle, that enabled him thus to rejoice in
tribulation, for he endured as seeing Hira that
is invisible; and the blessed recompense of
reward that awaited him was made a sub-
stantial reality to him by the power of this
faith. How animating is his language, when
he felt the end of life approaching : " I a.-n
now rondy to bo offorcd, and the time of my
departure is at hand. I have fought a good
fight, I have finished ray course, I have kept
the faith: henceforth there is laid up for me
a crown of righieousness, which the Lord, the
righteous Judge, shall give me at that day ;"
and again : " The Lord shall deliver me from
every "evil work, and will ])reserve me unto
His heavenly kingdom, to whom be glory for
ever and ever."
This hope in tho Divine goodness and
mercy, and the testimony of tho Spirit bear-
ing witness within us that we are joined to
the Lord in a covenant that will never be
broken, unless it be by our own unwatchful-
ness or wilfulness, are amply sufficient to
sweeten every bitter cup ; and have been a
source of inexpressible comfort to the devoted
followers of the Lamb in every age. We can-
not expect to escape our share of the trials
and afflictions which belong to this state of
existence, for, as the scripture declares, "one
event happeneth unto the righteous and tho
wicked;" but if we will walk in the Light of
the Lord's Holy Spirit, we shall have the sense
of condemnation taken away, and a measure
of that peace of God which passeth all under-
standing poured into our hearts ; we shall
88
THE FRIEND.
know tho coldness and harduoss removed, and | The annual report of the Inspector General of steam-
at seasons be ftu'ored with a awect sense of [vessels, shows that during the year ending 6th mo. 30th
tend
a fearful looiiing for of judgment and tiery
indignation in tne fiituri-, we sliail be com-
forted and elieered by a holy hope, that when
time to us is ended we shall be permitted,
, p.. . „ , . ,!„„„ ^f 1878, 1436 steamers were inspected in the district ex-
ss and Divme favor; and in place of tending from the eastern part of Maine to Cape Charles.
Their tonnage was 400,247, and the number of officers
licensed 4000. Total number of lives lost by various
casualties 117.
Markets, Ac— American gold lOOJ to 100|. U. S.
sixes 1881, registered, 107| ; do. 1867, 105^' ; 4 per cents,
1907, registered, 99j to 100.
Cotton. — Small sales of middlings are reported at
lOJ a lOf cts. per lb. for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude is quoted at Ik cts. per gallon in
barrels, standard white 9i cts. for export, and 13 to 13J
cts. for home use.
Flour. — Minnesota extra, new wheat, has been sold at
$4.75 to $5 per bbl. ; Penna. extra family, at t4..50 to
$5.00 ; Ohio extra, new wheat at F4.75 to $5.00 ; patent
and other high grades, at $7.25 to $8.00. Eye flour,
$3.50. Corn meal, $2.65 per bbl.
Grain. — Red wheat, $1 to $1.01 per bushel; Delaware
amber, $1 to >1.02; Penna. jl to $1.01, small lots of
white wheat $1.02 to *1.03. Rye, western, 55 to 56 cts.
Penna. 57 cts. ; southern, 50 cts. Corn, western yellow,
49 cts. ; Penna. and southern, 48 to 49 cts. Oats, fair,
27 to 29 cts.
Beef cattle, 5 to 5} cts. for extra Penna. and western,
4} to 4 J cts. for fair to good do.; 3 to 4 cts. per lb. gross
for common. Sheep, Si to 4f cts. Hogs, 4J to 6 cts.
FoRElCJN. — A bill has been passed by the Reichstag
intended to regulate and suppress the movements of the
Socialists in.Prussia. Several of its provisions were :J:;;,*'J'[;; -7esrcreXV"a;d Phiradd^hia MlTc
modified during Its passage, in consequence of the strong ^^P_^^^ ^^ Thirty-first and Chestnut streets, by giv
their names to the Ticket-agent there, who is furni*
thi'ough unmerited mercy, to join the glor
Otis company' of the redeemed, who have been
gathered out of every nation, kindred, tongue
and people, and now surround the throne of
God and the Lamb.
Let none then be discouraged at the trials
and sufferings which may attend their journey
through life, for though they are not joyous
at present, yet if we rightly profit by them,
they will j-ield the peaceable fruit of right-
ecu -ness to those who are exercised thereby.
We have received the second number of
"The American Antiquarian," a quarterly
journal devoted to eariy Americ in History,
Ethnology and Archasology, and published
at Cleveland, Ohio.
It contains much interesting information
respecting Indian Antiquitie-s, the location
and history of our Aboriginal tribes, the tra
ditions of the Deluge preserved among them,
and similar matters.
The Eiitor is S. D. Peet, of Union ville,
Ohio, who solicits correspondence and infor-
mation on all discoveries, explorations and in-
vestigations made on these subjects.
SU.MMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — The reuirns for the present month
to the Department of Agriculture, indicate that the corn
crop of the United States the present year will not vary
largely from 1,300,000,000 bushels, which is about three
per cent, less than last year. The wheat crop as a whole
will be larger, from present indications, than last year,
and it is expected will exceed 400,000,000 bushels. The
yield of oats it is believed will also be rather greater
than that of last year.
The number of new cases of yellow fever has de-
creased. Frost has occurred at Memphis, and as far
south as New Orleans. In consequence of the change
in the weather, many refugees have returned to their
homes, notwithstanding the warnings of the Board of
Health. The total number of cases to the 2l3t inst., at
New Orlean.s, is stated to be 12,312, of which 3733 died.
Williamsport has been selected as the terminus of
iho line of pipe which it is proposed to lay from Brad-
ford, Penna., to convey tho pptrnleum of that districf to
market. The distance is 104 miles. The pipe will be
0 inches in diameter, and it is expected that from 8,000
to 12,000 barrels per day will flow through it. Three
pumping stations, it is supposed, will be required to
force the oil to the summit of the line whence it will
flow by its own gravity to Williamsport.
It is stated that one of the Philadelphia firms en-
gaged in the fruit business, has this year brought to this
market over 600,000 lbs. of grapes from California, on
cars attached to the fast express trains, making the
journey in six and a half days. Each car holds about
10 tons, and the freightis from $1,125 to $1,150 per car.
The number of mercantile failures during the first
nine months of this year is reported to be 8678, and the
liabilities $1".)7, 000,000. For thesame period last year
they were i;.-)i;5, and the liabilities $161,000,000. The
increase during the present year is attributed to the fact
that many firms have -sought to avail themselves of the
provisions (jf the National bankrupt law, prior to its
expiration on the 1st of 9th mo. last. With the excep-
tion of the disturbance of trade arising from the preval
ence of yellow fever in the Southern States, the condi-
tion of business generally is believed to be more favor
able and healthy than at any time since 1873.
A company has been formed in New York, with a
capital of $300,000, to produce light, heat and power
by electricity. Thomas A. Edison, the well-known dis-
coverer and inventor, is one of the corporators. In
consequence of the reported discovery of the means of
lighting cities economically by electricity, the price of
stocks of gas lighting companies in New York, Boston
Montreal and London, has fallen from ten to twenl_\
per cent.
no desire to extend the boundaries of the Empir.
that direction, adding that the government will
allow its attention to be distracted from the execut
of the E.rlin treaty.
An inundation has carried away the dyke on
Damietta br.anch of the Nile, by which 80,000 :u-re
land have been overflown, upon which were fil't
villages.
ERROR.
In the notice of the epistle issued in 1877, by Frie j
claiming to be Western Yearly Meeting, published
week, the address of J. P. Wood, (from whom the df
ment was received,) was erroneously given as Tiiil:
apnlis. It should have been Plainfield, Hendricks '
Indiana.
The Forty-eighth Annual Meeting; of the Auxil
Bible Association of Friends of Philadelphia Quarts
Meeting, will be held at No. 109 N. Tenth street.
Fourth-day, Tenth mo. 30ih, 1878, at 7J o'clock, p.
Friends generally are invited to attend.
B. W. Beesley, Secretwn
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Winter Session of the School will comn
on Second-day the 28th of Tenth month.
Pupils who have been regularly entered and whc
by the cars from Philadelphia, can obtain tickets i '
opposition which it met with. It finally p.assed by
vote of 221 against 149. During the discussion it ap-
peared that the Socialistic element had obtained a
strong hold upon the popular mind in many localities,
and that the government apprehended serious danger
from further agitation.
A Vienna dispatch says that the Austrian reply to
the Turkish circular, in dignified terms repels the
Turkish charge of atrocities by the A ustrians. ,,„ , .
The Sultan of Turkey states that he has written to o j "in » -^f l"
the Ameer of Afghanistan, urging him to come to a b"„„" e mav be
tb a list of the pupils for that I'urpose. In such c
the passage, including the .stage fare from the Railr
Station, will be charged at the School, to be paid
with the other incidental charges at the close of
term. Tickets can also be obtained of the Trensu
304 Arch street. Conveyances will be at the Ste:
Road Station on Second and Third-days, the 2Sth i
eet the tr.iins that leave Philadelphi:
30 and 2.30 p.
Baggiige may be left either at Thirty-first and Ch
nut streets or at Eighteenth and Market. If left at
latter place, it must be put under the care of FI. A!
ander & Son, who will convey it thence to Thirty-I
and Chestnut at a charge of 10 cents per trunk, tc
good understanding with England.
As a result of the negotiations respecting reforms in
Asia Minor, it is stated that the mixed Christian and
Mussulman police are to be commanded by English
ofiicers. An English assistant judge will be added to ^ ^^ j^ j. -^ j,,^;^ j
each court of appeal. The Governor and head ax- 1^ ^ any place in the built-up part of
gatherer will be appointed and dismissed «ul^J.«^ct to g.j.^,_ ^^ ^^^^._^^ ^^ ? P_, j,^^ ^^^ p^^^i^^^^'^{;^^^,„,^
lice or otherwise) to H. Alexand^ & Son, N.
of 18th and Market Sts. Their charge in si
.;„ .;„„ :„t„ ti.„ „«• ; . case for taking baggage to Thirty-first and Chest
ligation into the affiurs will be 25 cents per trunk. For the same cha
ws a loss in the balance ,y^^'\,, _, ,,... -K. ,_ ., „,„„ .,.:i,.
portant clauses have been approved in principle by the P°^„^
Porte.
The offici.al report of an
of the City of Glasgow Bank show» a ius» ju u.e ut. a.,ce .„ , ^^ baggage from the other railr.
sheet of upwards ol five mil ion pounds sterling, which y ^ ^^^^.^ ^^^ f^"^ j^^;,. ^g^^ ^„^„^^ „,- -
with the addition of one million pounds, the capital of J ; g ^„j^^ j,^^;^ -^
the Bank, must be met by '^e share l.ol.lera T^ ^ ;j, ^- f ^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^^j^^ f;^,^
six in number, wiih the secretary and managing directoi' l^<^ Street Road Station but will be forwarded diree
have been ar'rested. It is said that the failures of .^e School. It may not always go on the same i^^^^^^^
private firms since that of the Bank of Glasgow, amount the owner but it will go on the same day, provided ,
' «,!,„. ~ , , ,..,,." '„;^, _^„^ notice to H. Alexander & Son reaches them in time
I During the Session, passengers for the School \
the Bank of England has advanced :
$28,810,000. In consequence of the financial
first train from the City, every day except Fii
to SIX per cent. |
A royal order, dated in Madrid on the 12tb iilt., has
been promulgated, which directs that henceforth if any !
slave, from whatever cause, shall enter the territorial !^7^''
or maritime jurisdiction of Spain, or of any of her col-
onies or possessions outside of the Island of Cuba, such
slave shall be declared free, and all children born of 1
slave mothers, after the latter have touched the soil of j
Spain outside of Cuba, shall also be declared free. The Died, at his residence in Winona, Columbi.ana (
owners of slaves liberated by the order will be duly in-!oiiio, on the 28th of 9th mo. 1878, John S. Stratt
demnified. jin the 27lh year of his age, a member of New (Jarf
On the 2Ist, the awards to exhibitors at the Paris ' Monthly and Particular Meeting. Firm in his
packages for the pupils, if left at
Store, No. 304 Arch street, will be fo
Sixth-day at 12 o'clock, except onthe last li
dnyn In the Twelfth month, and the expense charged
their bills.
Tenth month 15th, 1878.
Exposition were announced, of these 607 ■
to American exhibitors.
Sir Stafford Northeote, Chancellor of tlie
speaking at Birmingham on the isih in-i,,
over-anxiety respeeling the fulfilui. m ui ilir
of the Treaty of Berlin, He w:,- .■-.luuh-
Powers would nnt nir-r Ow In-iiv wliii-li .-,.
to be setaside. Tin I ':> ■ 1 1 'i - i',niiiiiirni'- p
be one of firiiin.- ml i-i i-l n- --, :mmI ii h
over theinlen-^i- -: 1 i., ii.i liiil),iM r,iluii
ssigned .ligious convictions, and regarding religion as the i
and crown of all, he was careful that nothing in
lipqiier, eoiidnci should mar the beauty and harmony of
1,-iiiricil (liii iliii character. His relatives and friends hi
ivi-i III- the iMMiiii-ling hope that through redeeming love t
liiLi ilii- incii\ 111- has been permitted to enter into that "r
, ,11,1, h, »!iirl, icMciinpth for the people of God."
«,,iil,l — , IDih nil), loih, 1S7S, at the residence of !
IhiIi-Ii -onin-lnv, Win. U. llincock, near Columbus, N.
-iii|iiic. l%i,i/, \r.i-;m 1\usi,akk, widow of the late Joseph Co
iiioii of lake, in the 71st year of her age, a member of Up|
ICC ma- Springlield Monthly and Mansfield Particular Meetin
cm'.'nts' WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
,!„i i,,,,i'i No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, ELEVENTH MONTH 2, 187
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ce, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ;if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on thosesentby mail.
SabacripiiOQs and Payments received by
JOHM S. STOKES,
.T SO. 116 5<0RTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For '• The Friend."
George Moore.
One of the recent biographies of that ad-
rable writer, Samuel Smiles, is that of
ort;c Moore, an eminent and succe.ssful
jndou raerohant ; whose history presents
il points worthy of notice.
His early life was spent in Cumberland,
lar the borders of Scotland ; where he ac-
ired that viijor of constitution and physical
pength, which, under the impulse of a power-
1 will, enabled him to undergo an amount
exertion, at which moit of those who read
i " Life," must look with unfeigned amaze-
ent.
His father inherited a small farm, which
s elder brother was expected to cultivate in
s turn — George determined to seek a wider
Id for the exercise of his abilities ; and after
quiring some knowledge of the dry-goods
siness in his native county, went to London
seek his tbrtiinu, when still very young,
ere he made numerous unsuccessful efforts
obtain employment, till money and courage
ere both nearly i-xhausted. Finally, when
most ready to despair, a linen-draper, named
ay, who himself had been a Cumberland
ly, received him into his warehouse. Here
orgo's zeal, faithfulness and untiring iiidus-
y, won for him the esteem of his employers.
He thus relates his own experience : " Com-
ired with the young men with whom I was
!sociated, I found my education very de-
iient. The first thing I did to remedy my
sfects was to put myself to school at night,
'ler the hours of employment were over ;
d many an hour have I borrowed from
eep in order to employ it on the improve-
etit of my mind. At the end of eighteen
onths I had acquired a considerable addition
my previous knowledge, and felt myself
)le to take my stand side by side with my
)mpetitor8. Let no one rely in such cases
1 what is termed Luck. Depend upon it,
lat the only luck is merit, and that no young
an will make his way, unless he possesses
nowledge, and exerts all his powers in the
jcomplishment of his objects."
After he had been about six months in his
jsition, he one day observed a bright little
irl come tripping into the warehouse, accom
ied by her mother; and, on inquiring who
ley were, was told they were his employer's
ife and daughter. " VVell," said George, "if
rev I marryj that girl shall be my wife." It
was a wild speech, which awakened the ridi-
cule of the other lads, but the idea took pos-
session of his mind, and was a motive-power
in after life. After many years of hard work
the dream of his youth waa.fulfiJJed, and the
girl did become his wife.
In 1826, when about nineteen years of age,
he left the retail establishment in which he
had fi rst obtained eniploj'ment, and entered the
service of Fisher, Stroud & Robinson, a whole-
sale lace house, then one of the most promi-
nent in London. Of this position he says :
■' After I had been in the house some weeks,
Mr. Fisher began to blame my stupidity. He
said he had bad many a stupid blockhead
from Cumberland, but that I was the greatest
of them all. The conceit was thus entirely
taken out of me, — a very good riddance for a
lad of nineteen."
In after days, George Moore used to say
that he had two strong reasons for bearing
cheerfully and resolutely the trials of that
time. One was, that he knew the fact of his
ignorance, and was conscious of how much he
had to learn; hence his laborious nightly
studies, sometimes until two and three o'clock
in the morning. But the other and more
powerful rea-^on was his love for Eliza Ray.
He had never Ibrgotten his boyish resolution
when he first saw her, " If I ever marry, that
girl shall be mj' wife." This resolution hud
settled down into a tirm and steady purpose.
Eliza Ray was his guiding star. He would
befaiihful, honest and true for her. He would
work night and day for her. He knew that
if, through any ignorance or neglect, he was
expelled from his sit'iation at Fisher's, he
would have to reliuquish his fondly cherished
hopes. Hence his settled determination to
cultivate his mind, to improve his business
education, and to win the approval of his
superiors.
At the end of a year, the firm which em-
ployed him promoted him to be town travel-
ler. Here his eneriiy and perseverance dis-
tanced all competition, and he sold more goods
than any traveller had done before. A few
months later he was sent on the Liverpool
and Manchester circuit, where the business
had greatly fallen off. Here he worked early
in the morning and late at night. Sometimes
he " worked" a town before breakfast ; mak-
ing early appointments with the drapers be-
forehand. After breakfiist he packed up his
goods, drove off to another place, (for there
were no railways in those days,) and finished
his work at a third town within the day. Ho
wasted no time.
His extraordinary success surprised his em-
ployers. His quickness, his shrewdness, his
integrity, his honorable dealings, his know-
ledge of character, were the subject of their
constant admiration. They determined to
send him to Ireland, where the trade had
been carried off by an active traveller named
JGroiicoek, partner in a firm which had re-
'cently been established. Here he worked
very hard, from morn till night. Ho was up
in the morning early, called upon his custom-
ers during the day, packed up his goods in
the evening, and set off by the night coach
for the next town upon his route. For weeks
together the only sleep he secured was on the
outside of a coach ; but he slept soundly. la
the intervals of his work, when ho felt un-
rested, he would throw himself on a sofa and
fall sound asleep.
Whilst travelling in Ireland, ho frequently
met his competitor, Groucock. The compe-
tition between them became keen. Moore
worked harder th:in ever, and at last suc-
ceeded in getting back all the best customers
f)r Fisher. He once met Groucock at a town
n the north of Ireland, and they supped to-
gether at the house of a friend. In the course
of the evening George mentioned the town at
which he was next due. He afterwards found
that Groucock had started the day before him,
reached Belfast, and taken up all the orders
for lace in the place. George immediately
left Ireland for Liverpool. He worked th3
place thoroughly, then started for Manchester,
nd travellei through the great northern
towns, working night and day until he had
gOQO over the whole of the ground, and re-
turned to London full of orders. This in its
turn greatly chagrined Groucock, who had
intended to take Lancashire on his way home.
In fact Groucock found it necessary to come
to terms with his indefatigable compatitor,
and offered him what Moore called " the in-
credible salary of £500 a year," if he would
travel for his house instead of for Fisher's.
His salary then was only £150 a year, but he
at once refused the offer. " I will be a servant
for no other house than Fisher's. The only
condition on which I will leave him is a part-
nership." Groucock yielded to his terms, and
in 1830, at the age of twenty-three, George
Moore entered as partner into the firm, long
known as Groucock, Copestako & Moore.
Like most successful enterprises, their busi-
ness began on a humble scale, and was gradu-
ally' increased, by the industry and thrift of
the partners, till it finally became one of
enormous proportions, including many hun-
dred persons among its eraploj-ees. Groucock
and Moore were constantlj' on the road sell-
ing ; and Copestake remained at the ware-
house and managed the finances. Moore says
of him, "For half the time that I have been
a partner with him he never took a day's
holiday. I never took a day for the first
thirteen years, during all the time that I
travelled." They all lived economically, and
their savings were added to their capital.
With such efforts, joined with even ordinary
business ability, wealth was almost sure to
follow. Moore says, "I was strong as a lion,
and worked generally sixteen or eighteen
hours a day." He was cheered by the hope
that his first love was coming nearer to him.
" I believe," he afterwards said, " that I never
could have surmounted the difliculties and
90
THE FRIEND.
h.iftlsliijjs which I had to encounter, bat for
tlio thought of her. I thought of lier while
going my rounds by day, and I thought of
her while travelling by coach at night. The
thought of her was my greatest stimulus to
exertion."
During all this time he had continued his
friendship with his former employer, her
father, and saw his little rosebud growing up
into womanly grace and beauty. At length
he told his secret and was refused. It was a
terrible disappointment; but five years after
wards, when, as he expresses it, " he had
served for her with an aching heart longer
than Jacob served for Rachel," he renewed
his suit and succeeded. Ho was married to
Eliza Flint Eay in 1840.
(To be continued.)
All Epistle to Friends in the Ministry by George Fox,
All Friends in the ministry everywhere, to
whom God hath given a gift of the ministry,
and who use to travel up and down in the gift
of the ministry, do not " hide your talent, nor
put your light under a bushel, nor cumber
yourselves nor entangle yourselves with the
affairs of this world." For the natural soldiers
are not to cuniber themselves vvith the world ;
much less the soldiers of Christ, who are not
of this world ; but are to mind the riches and
glory of the world that is everlasting. There-
fore stir up the gift of God in you, improve it,
and do not sit down, Demas like, and embrace
this present world, that will have an end ; lest
ye become idolaters. Bo valiant for God's
truth upon the earth, and spread it abroad in
the daylight of Christ, you who have sought
the kingdom of God, and the righteousness
thereof, and have received it and preached it:
which "stands in righteousness and peace
and joy in the Holy Ghost." As able minis
ters of the Spirit sow to the Spirit, that of the
Spirit ye may reap life everlasting. Go on in
the Spirit, plowing with it in the purifying
ho]3e; and threshing, with the power and
Spirit of G^d, the wheat out of the chaff of
corruption, in the same hope. For he who
loolvs back from the spiritual plow into the
world, is not fit for the spiritual and everlast-
ing kingdom of God ; and is not like to press
into it, as the faithful do. Therefore you that
are awakened to righteousness, and to the
knowledge of the truth, keep yourselves
awakened in it; then the enemy cannot sow
liis tares in your field ; for truth and righteous-
ness is over him, and before he was. My de-
sires are that all may fulfil their ministry,
that the Lord Jesus Christ hath committed to
them ; and then by the blood or life and testi-
mony of Jesus j'ou will overcome the enemy
that opposes it, within and without. All you
that preach the truth do it as in Jesus, in love;
and all that are believers in Jesus and ro
<;eiversof him, he gives them power to become
the sons of God, and joint heirs with Christ;
whom he callcth brethren ; and he gives them
the water of life, which shall bo a well in
them, springing up to eternal life; that they
may water the spiritual plants of the living
God. So that all may bo spiritual planters,
and spiritual waterers ; and may see with the
spiritual eye tho everlasting, eternal God over
all to give the increase, who is tho infinite
fountain. My desires are, that you may bo
kept out of all tho beggarly olomcnts of the
world, which i.s below tho spiritual region, to
Christ tho head; and may hold him, who
bruisoth tho head of enmity, and was before
it was ; that ye may all be united together in
love, in your head, Christ, and be ordered by
His heavenly, gentle, peaceable wisdom to
the glory of God. For all that be in Christ
are in lovo, peace and unity. In him they
are strong, and in a full persuasion ; and in
him, who is the first and last, the^' are in a
heavenly resolution and confidence for God'c
everlasting honor and glory. Amen.
From him who is translated into the king
dom of bis dear Son, with all his saints, a
heavenly salutation. And salute one anothei
with a holy kiss of charity that never faileth
G. F.
Ford Green, the 2oth of the 9th mo. 1690.
For " Tbe Friend "
The Fugitive Cheyennes,
The following account of the escape of the
band of Cheyenne Indians from the Cheyenne
and Arapahoe agency, in the Indian Ten
tory, is taken from a letter dated 9th mo. 21st
last, written by John D. Miles, the Agent, to
Dr. Wm. Nicholson. This band of Indians
was persuaded to emigrate from their former
homes in Dacotah some two 5'ears ago, to join
the Southern Cheyennes who have been long
located in tho Indian Territory. They have
so tar baffled the troops sent in pursuit, and
are supposed now to be near the Yellowstone
river. Their flight has been accompanied
with serious encounters with white settlers
in Kansas and Nebraska, and many of the lat-
ter have fiillen victims to their attacks. The
military measures taken by the agent to re-
strain them, were certainly inconsistent with
Friends' principles, as were those used by him
on a former occasion, when the Associated
Indian Committee publicly expressed their
disapprobation of his conduct, and requested
his resignation ; but the Government retained
him in his position.
" The discontented portion of Northern
Cheyennes, numbering about 350 souls, did
finally leave us, and from reports, ai-e giving
trouble on the Kansas border as welT as to
troops in pursuit. Many reasons can be as-
signed for their leaving this country and
agency from their standpoint. First, There
were so many things promised them, as they
claim, before they consented to come South.
Second, The line of rations guaranteed in 'the
treaty of 1876' has never been furnished in
full, and a portion of the time, only a very
small allowance outside of beef They claim,
too, that houses, wagons, cattle, hogs, fields,
&e.,&e., were to bo given and furnished thein
as soon as they reached this country — all,
too, without- any 'sweat of their brows.'
The Southern Cheyennes and Arapahoes en-
deavored in many ways to pacify them, and
have them afliliate with the other Indians of
the agenc}', and in this they were successful
to tho extent of about 550 or 575, under
Living Bear," Standing Elk,"Turkey Logs,'
Calf Skin Shirt,' 'American Horse,' and
others, who aro well contented and have their
hildren in school. The 'discontents or so-
coders' under ' Dull Knife,' ' Wild Hog," Lit-
tle Wolf,' 'Old Crow,' &o., separated them-
selves from the balance and wore so opposed
to the general conduct of the other Indians
md manner of issues [of rations] as to make
themselves in disrepute amongst the well dis-
posed. In council and in private thoy would
still insist on their proforenco for their old
homes up north, and I had really expected
that some of their young men would go north.
but I never could have believed that I Ik
would have undertaken so rash an act as
go in so large a body. Southern CheviMii
and Arapahoes have latel^^ been makin-- 'm
plaint that they were losing their best h.! •■
and that they believed Northern Cheyiim
were stealing them. Finally'' on 5th iii-t.
was reported by Southern Cheyennes that
party of Northern Cheyennes had gone nort
and that others were preparing to leave. ;
order that I might know the strength of tl
charge, I ordered a roll-call of all adult mal
from the northern wing, which was proiiipt
done by those who had affiliated with Smit
ern Cheyennes; but the 'seceders' refusal
answer— but at the same time denyitiic tli
any of their people had gone, and giving
one excuse that so many of their people
sick and could not report. In order to me
this objection, on the 8th inst. I sent J. ^
Covington and Dr. Hodge to th^ir camp, ai
the doctor would excuse all the sick men at
Covington would enroll them. No men we
found too sick to travel, though a great mat
women and children were, and Covingtc
urged them and fully explained to them th:
the roll-call would not affect those that we
found present, but only those who wereabser
It was the decision of a large portion of tl
camp to move in as requested, and stand ro
call, and they began to pull down their lodge
This decision did not suit the soldier eleme
of camp, and was stopped under threats
violence to those who left. The following da
9th inst, (Ration day), ' Wild Hog,' ' Litt
Wolf," and 'Old Crow,' visited my office ar
continued to offer excuses. Colonel Mizn
being present, wo each assured them that v
had no desire to work a hardship for thei
but inasmuch as it was charged that some
their young men had gone, the only way
had to verify the charge was to get a coun
and that the count must be hud. This w
backed up by a firm but friendly statement
Col. Mizner who informed them that 1
troops were hero for the purpose of enforcir
the orders of tho agent in all lawful and ju
requests, and that this order was just at
right. Th;it night they quietly packed u
and struck north, leaving their lodges slau'
ing. This information was given me by tw
Chej'onnes at 3 A. m., on the morning of tl
10th inst., whereupon I immediately notifia
Col. Mizner of their escape, and requests
that 'all the available troops of his garri
might be sent in pursuit to bring them l>ac
and that the Indian police of tho agen(
would accompany as scouts and trailers.' J
5 A. M., 10th inst., they were on the
The information gathered from the other I
dians was to the effect that they would figl
if overtaken. The Commissioner was tc
graphed prompil}- of their oscajie ; also Rot
M. Wright (trader) at Dodge City, Kans:
in order to put tho cattle men and citizens (
the border, on their guard, as tho Inilia
would undoubtedly strike some of their her
and likely show resistance, if checked in tlu
march. We now have an Indian courier
from Cam|) Suppl}', giving tho informatic
that tho Cheyennes were overtaken on tl
18th b}' the troops from Fort Reno, about lift
miles north-west from Camp Supply, on soul
sitlo of Cimarron (Red Fork of the Arkansas
and that before hostilities were commenco
Major Rand lobrock, commanding detach men
sent two Arapahoe scouts, ('Little Siltli
Bull' and ' Chalk,) to their camp (a stron,
THE FRIEND.
91
fid in the sand hills) offering an opportunity
surrender without bloodshed. This offor
IS made the third time and stubbornly re-
^ed. A battle ensued, which is counted by
e Indian seout, 'Little Sitting Bull,' 'as
ry strong,' lasting over twenty-four hours
which the troops lost three men killed, two
Drtally wounded (one of the latter being poor
Ihalk') and two others slightly wounded,
scout says the troops suffered greatly for
ater, and were forced to come in to [Camp]
pply. We feel very anxious in this matter,
d yet cannot see how we could have done
ffereully and accomplished better results.
" One thing I do know, that but few persons
ill be able to fully appreciate the efforts put
rth to reconcile them and our nervous strain
the failure to accomplish what we desired,
y fears are that the young bucks will scatter
; tlie frontier, and perhaps do some raidin
d escape north."
By information through the public papers
appears that on the 2-Hh ult. 150 of the
gilive Cheyennes, with their chiefs Dul
nife and Old Crow, were captured near the
iobrara river, in Nebraska, by the United
iates cavalry.
From the " Episcopal Recorder."
The Christiatt in Business.
The Christian in business will meet with
ne of the severest tests of his Christian prin-
ples, of his discretion, prudence, consistent
alk and conversation, and of his patient
jnlinuance in well doing.
Our poet, Cowper, wrote (what may be very
rue) —
" The calm retreat, the silent shade
With prayer and praise agree,
And seem by Thy free bounty made
For those that follow Thee."
But the young man in business must bring
principles into contact with the world —
th its temptations, its frowns, and its ridi-
jure, as well as its smiles.
While his fellow Christians in more retired
valks of life may choose their companions,
d shut themselves up, if so disposed, and
scrupulously shun all intercourse with world-
y-minded persons, he is compelled to be in
he world (though not of it), and this may
produce a continued conflict of the spirit from
svhich others are happily exempt. But he
must not shrink from avowing his principles ;
it would be at his peril were he to associate
ntimately with all with whom business brings
him into contact, without letting it be known
whoso he is and whom he desires to serve.
By commercial transactions a man's honesty
id truthfulness will also be tried and tested,
almost more than by any other occupation in
life. These temptations may come upon him
very gradually. Archbishop Leighton has
said, "Seldom will Satan come at first with
a gross temptation. A large log and a candle
may safely be left together. But bring a few
shavings, and then some small sticks, and
then some larger, and soon you may brin
the green log to ashes." The apparent and
immediate gains by a departure from literal
truth, and by the adoption of " business cus
toms," are great and S'jre temptations to the
young Christian, and these temptations never
entirely cease, because the more a man's
character is known for honesty, whether a
servant or a merchant, the more will he be
trusted with the interests of others, which, if
he were so disposed, he might the more easilj'
sacrifice to his own aggrandisement.
As long as the Christian lives he will have
occasion to arm himself for the temptations
and trials of the day's business by private
communion with God's word, which reminds
him that "lying lips are an abomination to
the Lord, but thej' that deal truly are his de-
light; that divers weights and divers mea-
sures, both of them, arc alike abomination to
the Lord." In circumstances of trial and
temptation, God says. "Let not thy heart
env}^ sinners, but be thou in the fear of the
Lord all the daylong;" and the Christian's
response is, Lord, hold Thou me up, and 1
shall be safe." " Set a watch, O Lord, before
my mouth, keep the door of my lips."
There is another "sunken rock" to be
guarded against. A thriving business will,
like a well managed ship, answer to the rud-
der and the favorable winds that fill the sails,
and it ma}' become the idol of the tradesman's
heart ; so that he who began business from the
laudable motive of providing for his family
ind fulfilling his duties in that state of life to
ivhich it had pleased God to call him, insen-
sibly becomes one of Mammon's most devoted
worshipers, and lives as though his sole oliject
n the world were to " buy and sell, and get
gain"
Such a one will, doubtless, continue the
routine of religious observances which he
adopted in the early days of his Christian
and the words " Holy unto the Lord," origin-
ally inscribed on his business, will probably,
as to outward things, not be erased ; and we
know that when a man doeth well unto him
self all men will speak well of him;" and even
" bless the covetous, whom God abhorreth."
But the Lord seeth not as man seeth ; for man
lookcth on the outward appearance, but the
Lord looketh on the heart, and much "that
is highly esteemed among men is abon
tion in the sight of God." " Therefore let
him that thinkelh he standoth take heed L
he foil."
Progri
There is a great deal of easy talk about
progress, but very little close thought as to
what it really means. Eulogies and pane-
gyrics of it are numerous, but exact ideas are
few. People believe in it, and congratulate
themselves upon it, without knowing very
clearly what it is they believe in. The pro-
gress of the world is usually thought of as of
some vast spectacle passing before the view,
great and glorious indeed, and rightly calling
forth admiration and joy, but with which the
individual looker on can no more meddle, to
hasten or retard, than he can interfere to
change the procession of the celestial spheres.
Such^an idea, however, is utterly foreign to
the real nature of progress. It is something
which can only be wrought out by the com-
bined efforts of individuals, and in which
every man and woman has not only a deep
interest, but a deep responsibility. In what-
ever way it is considered, whether as the
growth of civilization and the increase of ma-
terial comfort, or as the development of mental
power and the accretion of knowledge, or as
the moral improvement of mankind, in the
spread of justice, mercy, truth, purity r '
love, it is wholly dependent upon the sp
and action of individuals, and no one (
stand outside and decline to take part in the
matter.
Each person is a producer and a consumer,
but there is a great difference as to the pro-
portions. The idler who la content to live
upon the earnings of others and consumes
alrjost without producing, is by so much
hindering the material progress of the world,
while the selfish one, who only labors that he
may enjoy, surely makes the world no richer
for his presence. But he whose heart is in
his work, as well as in itsrewai-d, who strives
for excellence as well as for money, who is
not afraid of giving to the world more than
the world gives to him, but who rejoices to
know that while he is pursuing his daily toil
he is benefitting mankind — such a one is ac-
tively contributing to the progress of the
world.
So in intellectual progress. It matters little
how highly- a man or a woman be cultured,
how much knowledge they may accumulate,
or how much mental power they may have,
if they possess it for themselves alone. The
value to the world of a Newton or a Kepler
is not in their vast stores of knowledge, or
their wonderful insight into nature's secrets,
but in the liberality with which they have
diffused the results of their labors, and brought
what was hidden to the light. This motive
should ever be presented to the student as the
great aim of his work. It is the soul of cul-
luve— that which makes it a living and grow-
ing power in the world. No one has a right
to absorb knowledge without again diffusing
it any more than to accept a living without
earning it.
In the moral improvement of mankind,
which is of all progress the most valuable,
there is a still closer connection between re-
ceiving and giving. The very presence of
virtue diffuses virtue. He who is pure insen-
sibly purifies others ; he who is just spreads
the growth of justice ; he who is loving draws
fortii the loving spirit. Yet oven here the
motive should ever be larger than self. He
who is BO wrapped up in his own improve-
ment as to forget others, who is so busy cul-
tivating himself that he has no time to stretch
forth tlie helping hand, will awake to find
that he has failed even in his small and nar-
row purpose. The effort of man to perfect
himself can never be successful while that
only is his aim. It is rather in the forgctful-
ness of self for the sake of others that self
arrives at the best possibilities. It is while
actively engaged in promoting the progress
of the world that man attains his own highest
progress.
After all, it is the spirit that actuates the
life, more than any definite endeavor, that
is the mainspring of human progress. The
civilized world has succeeded in implanting
almost everywhere the freedom that gives to
each man the ownership of himself. There
is, however, a otill higher law, which dwells
in the conscience and speaks to the heart, de-
claring that such ownership is only held in
trust for the good of the world ; that what-
ever of value may be thus held, whether of
physical strength or mental culture, of money
or talents, of skill or genius, of character or
accomplishments, of wisdom or virtue— all
are to be bestowed with a glad heart and a
bounteous hand, for the benefit and happiness
of others. Those who treasure this law in
their hearts and carry it out in their actions,
who rejoice in their possessions, their know-
lodo-c, their power and their character, that
they may make them all subservient to the
92
THE FRIEND.
])re.s>ing needs around them, are the true in our prayiiiji; to Him in the name of his Son,
benefactors of their race, and by the lives of in our watching, in our waiting, in the silen
ts, before his mighty and glorious
men and women is the world's progress
evolved. — Public Ledger.
of our spi
niiijesty.
THE GOLDEN SUNSET.
The golden sea its mirror spreads
Beneath the golden skies,
And but a narrow strip between
Of land and shadow lies.
The cloud-like rocks, the rock-like clouds,
Dissolved in glory float.
And, midway of the radiant flood,
Hangs silently the boat.
The sea is but another sky.
The sky a sea as well.
And which is earth, and which the heavens,
The eye can scarcely tell.
So when for us life's evening hour
Soft passing shall descend,
May glory born of earth and heaven,
The earth and heavens blend ;
Flooded with peace the spirit float
With silent rapture glow,
Till where earth ends and heaven begins
The soul shall scarcely know.
— S. Longfellow.
Selected.
THE PILGRIM.
Art thou a pilgrim? Dost thou travel straight
So we watch unto prayer, and watch for help By Calvary's cross, to find the narrow gate'
from God in our calling upon Uim ; and are I^ Christ thy hope, thy trust? yea, day Iiy day
Isaac Pciiiiigtoii on Prayer.
(Question. How did God teach you to pray ?
Surely ye never le.irned the Lord's prayer;
lor ye do not practise that among you.
Answer. As God brought us into a sensible
condition, so we came to feel our wants, and
the need of our souls, inwardly and spiritually.
Now, waiting on the Lord in this sense, when
we meet together, and when we are alone also,
the Lord breatheth upon us, and kindleth
in us fervent desires and longings of soul af-
ter that which is pure, and to bo delivered
from that which is impure; and that we
might be ingrafted more and more into Christ;
and that judgment and condemnation might
pass upon all that is not of God in us; and
that our hearts might be so united to the
Lord, as that wo might fear his name fully.
For wo feel and observe, that all our life and
strength flows from the union of our souls with
the Lord ; and therefore, above all things, we
crj^ for that, and for separation from that
spirit, which captivateth into the things of
the earth, and in the earthly mind and nature.
So we watch ,_ _^
... jur calling upon „..„ , „, .,-.■„-, - , , -
deeply sensible that we have need both of Th.v guide, thy staff, thy lantern, and thy way ?
' /. , . ^. ,, ^, Canst thou for Him renounce thv worldly pride ?
watching and praying eontinuallj', the enemy i, j.^ j^y niches? Is all dross beside?
is so near, and the soul's snares and dangers Is He thy sword and shield in peril's hour?
so many. And truly, Christ, our Lord and Thy rocli, thy refuge, thine abiding tower?
Master, who taught his disciples to pray for- i^""^^''''! '^y wealth around thee thou canst bend,
merly, hath taught us also to pray that very I ^'«' "'^'^'^ "'n' f '^^' '°"' ""'^ f'""«^ '^ f"«°<^'
•' ' ^, ,° , . ., •' , •' A beggar still at mercvs open door —
prayer; though not to say the words out- -rhen art thou rich indeed ; if not, then thou art poor.
wardly in the will of men, or in our own will ; I — .
He hath taught our hearts to breathe after That Rotten Spot. — A man from the car
the same things, even that the name of our shops of a western city, once testified as fol-
heavenly Father might be hallowed or sancti- .lows :
fied more and more, among all that call upon j The other day a freight car came into the
liis name in truth, and especially in our own shop, damaged by a cullision. I saw that a
hearts; and that hiskingdoni mightcome more new end-sill was necessary in repairing it.
and more, that He might reign more in. men's VVe had but one in the shop, and that had a
spirits, and the kingdom of sin and Satan be rotten spot one side. 1 told the man to run it
thrown down; and that his will might be through the planing machine, and we would
done, even in our earth, as it is donein the see then ifitwoulddo. When ii came through,
heavenly places, where all the hosts of God the rotten spot was on it yet. 1 laid on my
obey Him ; and that we might have eveiy day rule, and naw that it would bear considerable
a proportion of the heavenly bread, whereby planing on that side, and yet answer our pur-
oursoulsmaylivetoHim; and convenient food pose, if the spot came out. We put it through
and provision outward also, according as He again and again and again, until the rotten
seeth good, who careth for us. Now, as we was all planed away. fhe stick was framed
are kept in the light, and watch to the light for its place, and the car was sent out upon
which discovers things, we see what we are the road again.
kept out of, and what we are at any time en- 1 Now if that stick could have talked, per-
tangled in and so trespass against the Lord ; haps it would have said. Why do you plane
and then we are taught to beg pardon, and to me so much on one side? Why don't you
wait where pardon is to be received, through treat me as you treat others? And 1 would
our Advocate, even as God hath taught us to have answered, I am afraid to trust you. H
forgive. Yet this does not embolden any of you ever fail it will be at that rotten spot,
the little ones to sin ; but they pray that they '"' ' " . . -
may not be led (or fall) into temptation ; but
may witness deliverance from the evil, which
the enemy wateheth to betray and ensnare
them with. And these cries are put up to
Him, who is ready to hear, and who can an-
swer and fulfil the desires of them that love
and fear Him; and indeed not only so, but
they are also put up in faith, that in the way
of God the soul shall obtain and receive what
it prayeth and waiteth for. Now we witness
this to be true religion, and undefiled before
God ; and we are sensible that the Lord hath
taught us this, and is with us in our faith,
which Ho hath given us; in our obodiouco,
That must all come out before you willan
swer our service.
And so my friends, if there is a rotten spot
in our characters, there is where we will fail
first. The spot in you may not be where it
is in others, but God knows whore it is. If
wo will submit, he will plane it all away. It
may take us down a good deal. We may not
be large enough for a prominent place, or an
important place; but fhero will be a place for
us, be it ever so little. And it is better to
have the rotton spot out, and do good work
in a little place, than to fail in a prominent
place, because the rotten spot is not planed
out. — Earnest Christian.
A Monster Skeleton.
The Stuttgart mammoth, w'lich Profes-<(
Ward, of the University of Rochester, Ne
York, purchased and brought to this coui
tiy, is novv fully mounted. It is said to I
the only restoration of the kind in the worl
and beyond question the greatest ach
ment in zoological science. A Rochester pap(
gives the following account of the mammoth
The bones from which the original reston
tion by Martins was made are in the posse
sion of the Royal Museum at Stuttgart ( Wu
temberg). They were of such class and cha.
actor that by the additional assistance of
quantity of hair and other portions of th
gigantic frame, found in vaiious parts of th
world, a restoration authentic and reliabi
was easily made. Its fame spread over th
entire scientific world, and at once Stuttgai
and Martins became celebrated on itsaccoun
A few years ago Professor Ward, in one c
his European tours, went to Stuttgart an
endeavored to negotiate for the purchase c
the mammoth. The price placed upoi
however, was so e.xorbitantly high that n
bargain could be made. Later, while th
learned professor was travelling in Abyssinii
he wrote the proprietors, telling them tha
upon a certain date he should be in Paris c
the way to America, and that if they hs
any proposition to make to him regardini
the mammoth, he could receive it there. Ai
riving at Paris he found a letter asking hin
to make an offer. He responded by telegraph
and his offer was accepted. He therefon
delayed his expected return to this country
went to Stuttgart, and began the long
tedious job of taking down and packing foi
transportation the gigantic specimen of past
ages. In this task he had the assistance o
several skilful artists. The monster reston
tion occupied, when ready for travel, fourteer
large boxes, which weighed in the aggregat(
over seven tons. The freight upon the ani
mal from Stuttgart to New York was $682
and from New York to Rocliester, by canal.
$86. Several of the largest freight wagon
were required to convej^ his lordship to the
working buildings of Professor Ward, at the
rear of the University buildings, and a new
building had to be erected to accommo late
him when he should be dressed in reception
regalia, clothed, and, so far as the image of
an animal could require, in his right mind.
Two skilful artists from Germany, and seve-
ral others from New York, were procured to
assist Professor Ward in the work of puttit
the affair together again.
Since that time Professor Ward has been
busilj' at work upon the restoration of this
mammoth, and now has it complete. Sat
da}', an opportunity was afforded a repot
of the Democrat to examine the wonder, and
we can assure our readers it is indeed a won-
der for any one to examine. The building
erected by Professor Ward for its special ac
commodation issituated a little east of Cosmos
Hall. It contains nothing else than the mam-
moth, with the exception of the skeleton of
an elephant in one corner, which is so small
as to be insignificant beside its prehistoric
rival. The animal stands faring the do
and hence upon entrance the visitor finds
himself suddenly face to face with a startling,
but at the same time an innocent looki
monster. It stands before hira 16i feet
bright, 13 feet between the tusks, 26} fl
I'rom tusks to tail, and 30 feet in girth ab(
THE FRIEND.
thickest part of the body. The tusks are
rly a fool in thickness at their greatest
d are truly enormous in appearance.
! eyes, located high up in the head, aie, of
rse, quite small in proportion to the siz'^
he hod}-, as is the case with ail animals of
species to which he belongs. The hair
)ng, dark, rough and shaggy, as was that
original wearer. The legs are about
> feet ill diameter, and a man can easily
k between them and under the animal's
ly standing upright. In order to obtain a
isfactory view oif the monster, it is neces-
y to ascend a flight of stairs into the
lery which has been erecte I for that pur-
,e. That brings the visitor nearly upon a
el with the eyes, and enables him to form a
)d idt-a of the great size of the restoration.
When the visitors were looking at it
m this elevated point, a little daughter
Professor Ward, aged about four years,
ne into the huildmg, and seating her-
F upon the platform upon which the mam-
th stands, leaned back agiinst one of
I gigantic foielegs and looked up with
mile at the spectators in the gallery. A
ittier or more interesting picture could not
c mceived. There sat a beautiful little
Id, born in the civilized year of 1874, sid-e
side with the monster whose birthday no
3 cau tell, save b}' approximation, away
k in pre-historic ages. — Late Paper.
land, and then, whether long or short th}' stay
in this world, all to como will be peace aud
jo}'. 1 am very anxious for thy welfare, both
here and hereafter ; and when 1 have beea
favored with access to the place of prayer,
the children of my dear departed son have
not been forgotten, and I have besought the
blessing of the orphans' Father for my father-
less children. To that Friend I commend
3 for counsel and direction in all thy move-
ments, and remain, as ever, thy tenderly
affectionate grandmother,
Margaret Morris.
For " The Friend."
Extraft from letters of Margaret Morris.
tCuntinued from ptige 84.)
To her grand-daughter M. M. Collins.
3d mo. 9th, 1812.
* * S told me thy boy was the
sttiest child he ever saw, — don't believe
n, my dear. 1 know the danger there is in
■ him too well, and I know, too, how
Scult it is to keep our affections within the
le bounds, and that we should look through
the gilts to the bounteous Giver of all ;
s would give us a check when fond nature
npts us to cling too close to the endeiiing
f children. Take warning from what
y mother suffered on this score. My two
3t born sons, to whom my heart was much
;aehed, were suddenly required to be given
, and great was the trial bef )re I could with
le submission say, "Thy will be done,
hen this is arrived at, none but the resigned,
n know what peace is connected with, and
wsfrom it: 'tis like the philosopher's stone,
lich is fabled to turn all things into gold :
resignation to the Divine Will turns every
licting dispensation of Providence into real
d substantial good.
* * * finds very little business to do
d at present the times are very gloomy;
ople seem as if they could not tell what to
rn thoir hands to. Surely there is a better
unlry than this, and happy they who arc
epared to enter it, where tears and sorrow
11 forever cease. 'Tis to that happy land,
y love, I am hastening, and hope to meet
Qg separated friends to part no more ; and
hen, in due time, I shall be permitted to
and'bcfore the '■ dread tribunal," with all my
phan children on either hand, and exulting
y, " Here they are : not one of them is lost I"
not the thought of these things animating
the drooping mind?
■ The war of 1812 may account for this. J. J. S.
To the same.
8th aio. 9th, 1812.
Thy letter brought the truly acceptable
tidings of your safe arrival at j'our peaceful
home. May it please the Almighty long to
continue it so, is the unfeigned wish and prayer
of your affectionate parent.
I cannot tell thee how much I have missed
my darling * * * and whether I shall ever
be favored to see him again, is to me, very
doubtful, as I d:iily feel increasing weakness
and pain in mj- poor old back; but, through
mercy, am j-et favored with patience to bear
the increasing infirmities of a long and weari
some journe}', without murmur or complaint,
and hope to hold out to the end, which I
think is not far distant; and if I am permitted
to steal quietly away without becoming a
burden to my kind, affectionate children and
attendants, it will be a favor to them and me,
which I hope we all shall be thankful for.
My kind, good M, is well, and as attentive to
me as it is possible for a child to be to a
mother — how much have I to bo thankful for.
8th mo. 2-tth. — I have my.self got a strange
feeling in ray head oversince the cough I had
n the spring. — a sensation as of water falling
in a mill, and so loud at times I can hardlj'
bear it, and my own voice sounds like thun-
der. It may be a gentle warning voice which tongue of its stammering, belie. ..„
[ wish care.ully to attend to, of being found :^j^^^ ^ >^ ^-^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^,^ ^^ ^^^^ ^,^^
on the watch tower, and ready at ^ha ever ■ ^-^^^^ ^f ,^ ,,, He was to stop
hour the messenger may be sent to call me.^^^^ violence of that humor which had attond-
hetice, and to give up my account with joy- j^j my body, and had a recourse to my leg,
for truly I have had a tribulated path allotted, ^^ ^^^^ j-'^ ^^^^ ^^.^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^
to me; yet has not my wayward heart mar-\^^^^^_ ^^^ notwithstanding several men had
ured at the appointments of I"hnile Wis- ]_^.^^^ ^j^^._. ^^^^^.^ .^^^^ ^^^- ^^^^^^^j ^,^^1^. ^,^^,1
ndeavoreu to say, " . . „ . .. ^ . .
and shall I now
For " The Friead."
lucidenls and ReflcctioiLs.— So. 2i.
DIVINE HELP.
John Richardson relates that in his youth
he was much afflicted' with lameness caused
by a disease in one of his limbs, which had
resisted all theeffnnsand skill used to heal it;
and with a stammering tongue, which was a
discouragement to him in yielding to the
duty which he felt to be laid upon him to
speak to the people as a Gospel minister.
Soon alter he gave up freely and cheerfully
to answer the Lord's requirings, he says,
" The Lord healed me of my lameness ; and
then 1 cried unto Him, that He would also
be lar from me, and
thankful humble heart
ny sorrows were sancti
dom, but, with rcsignatf.n endeavored to say, p p,oved ineffectual, until I came to be-
" Thy will be done; ' and shall I now, when j.^^^ .!_ j^^^^^ ^.^^.^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^rough all
near the goal repine at the infarniiUes o^ age ^^ jj._^ .^^j ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^-^.^ q,. j^^^^^j ^p.
and wish to be exempted from their effects? .^^^.. ^^. jj;^ j^j^.^^^j ^,.^j(^ ^^^ ^^^3,.^ j^
May this be lar from me, and may 1 with a 1^.^^.^^ ^ ^^^,.^j ^^^^ ^^^^^-^^^^ ^,-^.^^^ ^^ ^y g^^^i^
acknowledge that all ,^^^^ ^^^^ ,^ ^^^^ ^,^j ^^ „ ^^ ^^^^
, ,, . ''^'r'^. ° "V"''''. .""^I'lo my admiration; so that 1 did not only
comforts and blessings multiplied far beyonr J- ^,^.^^ j^ ^j^^ testimony the Lord gave
my desert- I have been favored to see all , J^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ ,^,^^ ^^^ ■^.^■^ -^^ j^^g^..
my dear children walkipg worthy of their :^^^^^^ ^^.^j^ ^^^,,„
dear father ; and my second offspring, foi ^^^^^^ ^^ j^,^j ^^^^^ ^,^,j_ j^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^
whom I was anxi^.usly concerned, giving mel^^^.^ ^^^,^^^ ^^^.^^^ ^^ affected his voi<:e that
phasing hop-s of their coming forward in the ^^ ^^^^,j ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^.^^^ Qn
right way VVhat more cm I wish to live for ; ^^^ of ^i^ ..eii^ious journeys, h. found him-
a longer hfe than mine has been, would be too ^^,p.^ this condition, and sat in a meeting
short to commemorate the nriercies I have re-;^^^^^. ^^ exercise of mind. " Having," he
ceived. Oh ! then, may my beloved children 1^^ .«^^^|^ ^^, ^^ j believed, to do what the
one and all unite in resigning when called ^^^^^ required of me, and yet I apprehended
for, the fond anxious parent, whose life was ^ ^^, 1 ^^^^^ ^^. ^^.^^ affliction not likely
bounl up with theirs, and who presumes to,^^^^^^ J^ ^ ^evvieo; and after some reason-
hope a place of rest is preparing for her and .^^^ ^^^ _^ ^^^.^^^^ seeking to the Lord to
her children, where they shall meet to part ^-^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^-^ ^^^^ ^^Quble, and
no more! Once more I salute thee in that love ^^.^j^^, ^^ ^^j ^^.^^ ^^ ^ true resigna-
which I hope flows from the true source, and 1 .^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^.,p^f. ^^^ -^ ^^-^ ^^^ ;„ ^^^ ^he
will increase to full fruition. \tv\AU the Lord might see good in his wisdom
To the same to exercise me in ; I had not been long brought
* * * 'Yesterday, the 8lh of 9th month, linto this devoted and resigned state to be and
my dear Mar.^aret, completed nineteen years I to do what the Lord would have me do, but oh !
since I followed rayeldestson, thy dear father, ! I felt of the virtue of Christ as a sweet and
tothegrave in the prime of life : and oh! how, living spring, by which I was healed : I was,
many days and years of sorrow I have since land am to this day (when I remember the
waded through ; yet here I still remain, and; Lord's kind dealings with me), very thankful
who can 8ay,°wbat is yet in reserve for me? [to Him." , ^. ^ , ■ -. 1 .u w<.cf
This world is a fluctuating, changeful scene, | When John Eichardson visited the West
and when my measure is filled up, may I j Indies, he landed at Bardadocs on a Sixth-day
humbly hope to be gathered, as a shock ofiof the week, so ill of a violent fever, that his
corn fully ripe, into that happy rest where life was considered in danger. The next day
all tears and sorrows will forever cease. Let | but one, he went to a meeting, though with
it be thy daily and increasing care, mypre-lgreat difficulty, being very weak
cious child, to secure an 1
nterest in that happy 1 his sitting there, he says, " Under much weak-
94
THE FRIEND.
ness of body, yet quiet in mind, the living
virtue or hi avenly power of Christ sprang up
in my inward man, lijje healing and suppling
oil, which 80 effectually helped mo every
way, that I could say feelingly and expi;ri-
mentally, miracles are not ceased; for 1 was
raised beyond my own expectation, and all
others who knew my weak slate, to give
testimony to the glorious coming and mani-
festation of Christ in power, spirit, life, light
and grace, for the help, health, and salvation
of all the children of men who receive, believe
in and obey his spiritual knocks, reproofs, and
heavenly calls in the soul, without any lessen-
ing to his humanity. Great cause have I, with
all the living, to love, value, honor and rever-
ence the great and mightj' name of Him who
hath helped and healed, by sending his eter
nal Word of living power into our hearts."
When Thomas Sior/was travelling in the
north of England in the year 1717, he was
very unwell, yet he attended a meeting ap
pointed at the request of another Friend. He
had been ill all night and had little rest from
cough and pain, so that he was unable to go
to the meeting till sometinae after it had
gathered, "yet," he says, "within a few
minutes after I was there, I found my heart
bound up and surrounded with the girdle of
Truth so close and fast, that the healing virtue
thereof overpowered every other power in
me both of body and mind; so that I had no
present sense at all of any ailing." He adds
that the distemper afterwards appeared again
and ran its course, yet "this work of Truth
did not only set my mind over all apprehen-
sions of danger," but facilitated his recovery.
In 1699 he came to Philadelphia in com-
pany with Eoger Gill, at a time of much and
fatal sickness. When they heard of many
dying there, before their arrival, Eoger was
so affected that he said, if he had wings, he
could fly to his distressed friends. After
sometime, he was taken with the prevailing
distemper. As meetings had been appointed
for Thomas, he could not stay with his sick
Friend. He says, "When I took leave of him
he told me he was pretty easy and not ver^'
ill: Yet I departed under a very great load
upon my spirit, and suspected the worst; for
he had prayed in the Yearly Meeting, with
great zeal and earnestness, 'That the Lord
■would be pleased to accept of his life as a
saci'ifico for his people, that a stop might be
put to the contagion ;' and I had thought in
the meantime, he would be taken at his word,
though no such sacrifices, in such cases, are
required ; only therein appeared his great
love and concern for Friends, whom be had
come so far to see."
Roger Gill died of the disease, and the fever
shortly after disuppeared. T. Siory does not
assert that one event was the result of the
other; he simply relates the incidents as they
occurred.
The goodness of the Lord is often mani-
fested in the healing of our spiritual, and
mental diseases, as well as of those more
purely physical. Joseph Hoag mentions visit-
ing a sick woman, who had been long a suf-
ferer. He says, "I hal not been long in the
house, before it opened in my mind, that the
sick woman was in despair, — wearing out in a
decline, under the affliction of all the terrify-
ing ideas that the human mind was capable
ot realizing. 1 was led to state her condition
to her, and how she cime into it, and that if
she labored to get into the quiet, and then
turn her attention to the Lord, and pour forth
to Him her prayers, they would be heard and
she would experience reconciliation with her
God, and her peace to be made, witnessing
the seals of redeeming love, before she went
hence to be seen of men no more. * * I
was informed afterwards, by her sister that
nursed her, that she soon became very quiet;
and sometime before she died, she expressed
that she had become reconciled to her Maker,
and was willing to die; feeling that peace
and love that was an evidence to her that her
sins were forgiven, and she should be hap|)y."
Joseph Hoag in one instance, in his own
case experienced the power of the Lord both
to wound and to heal. He was visiting meet-
ings in New York State at the time. He saj's :
" While at Smith's Clove meeting, the last I
expected to attend in this vicinity, except
one in course next day, near the close of the
meeting it came over my mind with weight,
to appoint three more meetings before I left.
I exclaimed in my mind, I can not, for I have
been five months from home, spring work is
coming on, and I am in low circumstances
and must go home. I broke up the meeting
— a Friend came to me at the door, and ex-
pressed that his feelings were such, that he
wanted me to have three more meetings, and
named the places that had opened to me. I
told him bluntly, 'I have set my face home-
wards, I do not intend to turn to the right or
left;' feeling determined that home I would
go. I had not rode far, before my horse in a
brisk trot, fell through the frost and threw
me over his head with such force, that I
dropped on my head. A Friend riding be-
hind, said he heard my neck snap like a dry
stick, I suppose it parted one joint; I rose
upon my feet with a smile as was observed,
then fell on the ground, remaining uncon-
scious until I found myself sitting up, being
supported, feeling as though I had awoke out
of sleep. My neck and head soon commenced
paining me very severely: it seemed almost
insupportable. I was taken by short stages
to the Friend's house, where tlie meeting was
held that I expected to attend, which I think
was the next day. I kept my bed mostly
that and the following day until meeting
time; my neck being swollen with a hard
ring around it, that felt more like a bone than
flesh, and looked nearly black, so that ray ease
was thought dangerous ; but through divine
mercy I had a number of hours for reflection,
in which my feelings were solemn. When
meeting lime came, 1 was placed on a bed in
the room where the meeting was held, it
being my desire. In the earlj' part of the
meeting a voice spoke to me, as intelligibly
as ever I heard a vocal sound. 'If thou wilt
go back and have the meetings, I, the Lord,
that have wounded thee, and stopped thee in
thy course, will enable to perform all 1 re-
quire of thee ; and this shall be an evidence
to thee, that I, the Lor I, speak to thee — thou
shalt be enabled to bear a testimony for me
in this meeting.' Under the impressions of
tills voice my mind was brought into a calm
and I was led to view, why it was, that I was
brought into this situation ; and also that it
was offensive to the Almighty, and dang.'rous
for man who knew the Lord's will, stuhliornly
to disobey. My mind was sermusly hmnblod,
my spirit contrited before the Lord, and glad
to feel the smiles of forgiving mercy once
more, being made willing to give up all to
His disposal. Towards the close of the meet-
ing, with the help of ray companion, unejl
pectedly to my friends, I rose on mj' feet, arj
was enabled, I believe, to bear an accepta'o
testimony to my friends, and felt great peai
of mind for the obedience; my pains alt
were much mitigated.
"At the close of the meeting I called
Friend to me, agreeably to the opening of th
light on my mind, and desired him to i
the nearest place, and give notice of a mee
ing for the next day; and word was sent t
the other two places, one in the day and th
other in the evening. He answered me,
have not faith to believe thou canst possibl
do it.' I answered, ' My faith is enough
both of us — the meetings must be appoint(
He went and did accordingly. Next day
rode twelve miles, reached the place in goo
season, and had a satisfactory meeting. Tb
following day and evening, attended the oth<
two, to the relief of ray mind — having to ei
dure considerable pain, which I endeavore
to bear with cheerfulness, as I brought
upon myself I had thought to omit th
event; but finding an uneasy feeling to pe
vade ray mind, therefore I have recorded :
much desiring that when my young Frieuc-
read these lines, they may pause a little, an
behold the tender mercy of Jehovah, whe
we are brought under the chastening rod, 1
spare life, even when apparently in the Jan
of death ; and when rightly sought
equally tender to forgive, heal, and give abil
ty to do all He requires of us ; and then richl
to reward the obedient with heavenly peac
Adored forever be His holy name !"
The Present Condition of the World.
At the recent Mildmay-park conferene
Dr. Horatius Bonar gave an address on " Tl
days of Noah and the days of the Son
Man," which is published in full in the Cfiri
tiaii. We give the following abridgment:'
One special object which 1 have in view
speaking on these days of Noah is, that v
may have a right apprehension of the presei
condition of our world. We are so apt
underrate the evil and to exaggerate the goo
Not that I would, for a moment, be uiithan
ful for tlie way in which God is working
the midst of us, by gathering in thousant
and tens of thousands evorj'where. Still v
find evil advancing. We find infidelity a'
vancing. We find atheism growing bold. Vt
find men telling us that all religions are equ£
ly right or equally wrong. We find phil
sophic men and theologians leveling up tl
false religions and leveling down the true,
order to make one vast plain of all religioi
together. We find men calling the good ev
and the evil good, the sweet bitter and tl
bitter sweet, putting light for darkness ai
darkness for light. We find men alive to t.
gross crimes and immoralities around u
but not in the least alive to the fountain hei
of all these evils, the want of the knowledj
of the true God, for by wanting understan
ing the jjcople perish. We find man}-, ev( [
among Christians, eongr.itulating ihcmselv
upon the progress which the human race
making, and imagining that now, by mea
of civilization, science, and the like, we shf
succeed ere long in regenerating our ra(
and in regenerating the world. Wo fiu
among Christian men, strange forms of bel
and strange forms of unbelief. Men proft
to believe in Christ, and yet there seems
bo very much of antichrist in their cre(
THE FRIEND.
95
find men believing in sfience, believing in
losopb}', believing in literature, believing
he illimitable power and progress of our
;; we find them believing in all thc-se, but
ing aside that Gospel of ihe grace of God,
ing a^ide that cross of the Lord Jesus
•ist bj means of which God will, in his
D time and way regenerate this fallen world,
are apt to be deceived as to progress. The
of modern time is, Progress! progress!
)lhren, what can be the progress of men
o know not God? It must be downward,
: upward. What can be the progress of
thuut the Holy Spirit? It must l/e
kvnward, not upward. In all this we see
tan as an angel of light deceiving the sons
hien. In some parts of the world, and in
iny parts of our land, we see him in his
forms as an angel of dark
sliall be unfaithful to our God; and, above
all, we shall be unfaithful to the dying souls
of men. We shall allow the world to go
down to hell with a lie in its right baud, so
that it shall sav to us in the day of judgment,
"You never told us about a judgment; jon
never told us about a hell; you never told
us about a devouring fire. You preached a
Christ that had come to die ; but you never
told us of a Christ coming to execute' judg-
ment."
I will close with just reminding you of
another similarity between the two periods
in reference to their termination. " The
flood came and took them all away." The
flood came suddenly. The flood came over-
whelmingly. The flood came after long warn-
ing. The flood came with terrible power.
So is the coming of the Son of Man to be.
osser lorms as an angei oi aaruness _
(nee of the power of the air. We see bimjWhen men are saying "Peace and safety,"
isuch exercising dominion, and leading men tthen sudden destruction cometh, and they
,0 all the grossness of lust and sin. But shall not escape. — Episcopal Recorder.
> see him in other parts leading men ciip- . ,
:e at bis will far more subtilely as an angel i
light, putting on fair appearances, and I Fruit in Old Age.— I was at the Monthly
Iking error so like the truth that it deceives Meeting at Pardshaw, a large body of L riends,
e sons of men, and so leading them on, step | where, for a short season, I was permitted to
'8tep,till they have left Christ behind them, stand as upon Mount Pisgah ; for I think I
d left the blood behind them, all the while 'never had such clear views of the efficacy of
liming, "There is no religion like Chris- ithe power of Christ in effecting the redemp-
inity, and never was there a character upon I tion of such as believe in and follow Him.
rth like Christ." Satan, as an angel of,* * * * Just before we parted, (James
[ht, is doing all this. That which gives Graham and himself ) he made some mention
ch prominence, such interest, and such im-'of the mercies attendant upon his old age, in
irtance, we may say, to the days of Noah 'which I thought he evinced much tenderness
IS their termination. They terminated in iand livelinessof spirit. It is pleasant and very
e flood. That which gives such importance encouraging to see young people dedicating
d such solemn interest to our day is this— the strength of their day to the service of the
at it is to terminate in the coming of the! Lord, and to observe the middle-aged stead-
m of iMan. The similarity of the two termi- fii^tly bound to the same great cause ; but i
.tions, the marked likeness ofthe two periods iim never more comforted than when 1 think
■what a profound solemnity ! Just as cer- I can perceive that those who have been led
inly as the days of Noah ended in the de- along in the p.th of Christian obedience, are
luring deluge which swept all men away flourishing m their old age, bearing tbe pre-
am the face of the earth, so surely shall ourjeious fruiis of me.-kness huirility, and broth-
lys end in that more terrible consummation eriy love.— Journal of Wm. I<orsfer.
•not the deluge of water again, but the flood *"•"
■fire; that fiery deluge in which earth and | Within the town limits of Glasgow Junc-
3 works of wickedness, earth and its sons of, tion, Kentucky, a wonderful cave has recently
ickedness, are to be destroyed. been discovered. This has been explored in
But in our days we are beginning to think one direction for the distance of nearly ^<>enfi/
lat God is, if I may use the expression, so' three miles, and a number of embalmed oi
nd-hearted that Ho has departed from His! mummified bodies have been discovered, simi-
irpose of judgment, and that we are there- liar to those found some j'ears ago in the
re to proclaim only grace, and not coming Mammoth and Salt Caves of the same State,
dgment. But, if judgment bo reall}- coming, The accounts of those discoveries are as yet
the Lord be really coming, if the fire bojnieagre, but important results are looked for.
ally coming, if the last trumpet bo really to ^The^bo lies had been placed in rude stone
und, and sound in such a way a.s to waken 'coflnns, which presented every indication of
id alarm the whole earth — then it is time j great age. — American Antiquarian.
T those who believe that to proclaim the
iming judgment. And is not Satan specially
igagcd in putting aside this coming judg-
ent? He is telling us that there is no future
anishment, no hell, and that if there is a hell
lere is nobody in it; he is telling us that
lere is no judgment; hois telling us that
lere is no judge ; he is telling us that God To any one conversant with the history of
far too kind to punish the sons of men the early Friends, it must be a striking feature
-at least for any lengthened period of time, of their character to observe their conscien-
1 other words, he is putting away that veTjuiousness, or sense of strict accountability to
ling which God raised up Enoch to proclaim 'their Creator jfor every voluntary action of
THE FRIEND.
ELEVENTH MONTH
1 the days of Noah — " Behold, the Lord
ameth to execute judgment." And we shall
B unfaitfiful to our testimony if we only pro-
laim the grace, and forget the coming judg
their lives. They regarded themselves as
acting for God and to Him, not only on those
occasions which are usually considered as in-
volving important moral results, but even in
lent. We shall be unfaithful to ourselves; such as are thought trivial by the majority of
■e shall be unfaithful to the Gospel; we men. William Penn, in writing of them, ob
serves: "In that day wo were an exercised
])eople; our very countenances and deport-
ment declared it." * * * " We held the Truth
in the spirit of it, and not in our own spirits,
or after our own wills and affections : they
were bowed and brouijhi into subjection, in-
somuch that it was visible to those who knew
us that we did not think ourselves at our own
disposal to go where we listed, nor to say or
do what we listed, nor when we listed. Our
liberty stood in the liberty of the Spirit of
Truth, and no pleasure, no profit, no favor,
could draw us from this retired, strict and
watchful frame. Our words wore few and
savory, our looks composed and weighty, and
ir whole deportment very observable." * *
I cannot forget the humility and chaste zeal
of that daJ^ Oh how constant at meetings,
how retired in them, how firm to Truth's life
as well as Truth's principles! And how en-
tire and united in our communion, as indeed
became those who profess one head, evea
Christ Jesus the Lord!"
That the foregoing was no picture of the
imagination, but a true description of the
primitive church, as gathered under the in-
strumentality of George Fox, is amply proved
by reference to cotemporary writers. It arose
from their literal acceptation of the conditions
(jf discipleship as laid down by Chri-ft and the
apostles. That Christ's sayings were to be
not only heard but obeyed. TThat a believer
in Him was not his own, but being bought
with a price, was to glorify God in his body
and spirit; in eating and drinking; in the
storehouse, the farm, and the domestic circle.
Thus the Society became distinguished for its
practically moral character among other re-
ligious professors, and many of what are
known as our minor testimonies grew from
this root. It may seem a trivial thing to ono
whose faith in the immediate presence of
Christ with men is weak, to suppose that He
would take account of the motive which
prompted lifting the hat to a fellow being, or
the use of a false compliment in speech to one
not a master or mistress; but the faithful
christian will regard his Master as requiring
implicit obedience when He prohibits his fol-
lowers from calling men masters, or being so
accosted by others in vain flattery. And when
He declares that for every idle word that men
speak they shall give an account in the day
of judgment, and that believers cannot receive
false honor one from another. He is to be ac-
counted as profoundly in earnest as when He
treats of the weightier matters of the law.
We believe neither the church nor the world
can, in this day, dispense with just such con-
scientious witnesses to the government of
Christ in the heart and daily life, as these
men and women of two centuries ago were.
The present storm in commercial affairs is
testing the foundations of many professors
whose spiritual edifice has seemed stately and
firm to the public eye in fair weather, but
which it is now painfully evident vvas built
upon a sandy basis, only to crumble away in
the hour of trial. How essential to the true
prosperity of general society that there should
be more of that class of God-fearing and
Christ-loving men and women spoken of by
Penn, whose liberty stood only in the liberty
ofthe Spirit of Truth, and whom '^ no pleasure,
no profit, no favor could draw from a retired,
strict, and watchful frame !"
We have not received a copy of the printed
90
THE FRIEND.
minutes of oiihoi- body claiming to be the
" Western Yearly Meeting" thougii rejjorts
of some of tiie proceedings of botli, have been
cii-culated. The following extracts from a
letter written by one of the Friends compos-
ing the smaller body gives some interesting
information.
" I may say in much humility that we who
withdrew from the larger body last year in
order that we might be enabled to hold our
ineetingsfor vvorship and disciplineeonsistent-
I3' vvith our profession, and maintain the prin-
ciples, practices and testimonies of the Societj'
in its earlier days inviolate, hive so far been
enabled, through unmerited mercy and Di-
vine assistance, to move forward in harmony
and unity of feeling, to the rejoicing of many
hearts. Yet there are those amongst us who
corao short of that deep indwelling of spirit
before the Lord at all times, which becomes
frail finite dependent beings as we are, and
who have not experienced that regeneration
of heart through the baptisms of the Uoly
Spirit, whiol> alone qualifies for usefulness in
the militant church. But our meetingn for
worship and discipline are well attended, and
are often seasons of comfort, edifii'.ation and
the renewal of spiritual strength, far different
from what vvas experienjed in t'ae mixture
and confusion.
It was remarked by many Frien is that our
late Yearly iMoeiing was the most orderly,
quiet meeting of the kind they had ever at-
tended. About three hundred were regularly
in atteni]ance, mostly attired consistently with
our profession. A deep interest was mani-
i'oted in the various subjects that came be-
fore the meeting by the younger portion of
our members, of whom a goodly number were
present.
As to the London deputaiion and their
labors amongst us, time may develops the ef-
tects thereof. They asked an interview with
us, which was granted in a special meeting
for the purpose. They read their credentials
from London Yearly Meeting, and a letter
from its Meeting for Sufferings to us : each of
the deputation supplemented the documents
at considerable length ; the burden or drift
of the whole of which was, that we should
return unconditionally to the body we had
left. They refused to hear from us any reason
or cause why we had taken the step we had,
on the ground that they could not go behind
the instructions of London Yearly Meeting.
I think their labors and i^resence among us
have not unsettled or caused to doubt any of
our members, but rather tended to confirm
us in the course wo have taken.
As to their labors with the members of the
larger bodj', I only know of them by report.
Wo see no good fruit from them 3'et, but
rather the contrary; more overbearing and
stringent measures. May the Ruler of the
universe, in his great goodness and mercy,
be pleased to show them the true position
they occupy in His divine sight, is the breath-
ing desire of many amongst us."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
Uniteh Statkb.— A viol, Mit storm, wlii.-li it is stated
originated oil' Ih.' r.,:,.\ ,,r t'l,Mi.|:i ..1, il,,. -jiiili, struclc
the Middle Alhiniir r.. 1 -1 Ih id r ,l;lvli^lll cm iIk- morii-
InRof the 2:;(i. Ii,mv:,i,.-i Imiv,. :,|,|,r ,i^ (,, In, ve been
expended in Neu Jcscy aii.l r,-,,„sylvui,ia. in Pliila-
delphia, the wind for three lioiir.s liad a velocity of from
60 to 72 miles per lioiir. Aliont -100 buiidings were
unroofed, and 118 partly demolished— five persons are
known to have been killed and a large number injured.
The rainfall wa-: comparatively slight, reaching only
.97 of an inch during the entire storm. The storm oc-
curring a few hours before high tide, ciused a great
rise in the rivers, and serious damage to result there-
from. The southern part of the city known as the
" Neck" was submerged, and large numbers of cattle
and hogs were drowned. In some parts the water is
said to have been as liigh as the second floor of the
liouses, and the inhabitants narrowly escaped drowning.
The damage to shipping has been heavy, attended with
much loss of life. The storm moved north, pas.sing
Montreal about 12 o'clock the following night.
For the three months during which the yellow fever
has been epidemic in the South, the total number of
deaths probably exceeds twelve thousand; about four
thousand having died in New Orleans, and nearly as
many more in Memphis. The present has been the
most fatal epidemic since 1853, when there were nearly
eight thousand deaths in New Orleans alone, within
two months. The loss occasioned through the destruc-
tion of crops by neglect, stoppage of trade, and minor
causes, is estimated at $200,000,000.
Snow fell in Kansas and Western Missouri, on the
night of the 2Gth uit. This is stated to be the earliest
snow storm in those sections for sixteen years.
I'rairie fires continue to cause great destruction of
property in Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas. Many per-
sons are known to have perished in the flames, in dif-
ferent localities.
The official estimate of the amount required for the
postal service during the next fiscal year is •36,571,900,
which is $3,315,627 more than the appropriation for
the present year.
On the morning of the 27th ult., the vaults of the
Manhattan Savim^s B.vnk, in New York, were opened
by several masked men and robbed of securities to the
amount of $2,757,700.
A party of hostile Cheyenne Indians have recently
been captured by Major Carleton's forces, in the Sand
Hills near Camp Robinson. The number is variously
stated at from 60 to 150.
The imports of merchandise for the past; week, at
New York, amounted to $5,5153,516; and the exports
of domestic products for the same time $7,4.55,995.
The nu,uber of deaths in this city for the week end-
ing on the 26th ult., was 265. Of these 137 were adults
and 128 minors.
iMarlcels, (fee— Gold 100.V. U. S. sixes 1881, 108;
5-20 coupons, 1865, 103 ; do. 1867, lOoJ ; do. 1868, 108{ ;
4V per cents, 103g; -1 per cents, 100]-.
Cotton. — Small sales were reported at 9} a lOJ cts.
per pound for uplamls and New Orleans.
Petroieutn.— ( 'rude 71 cts , ai,d staii.lanl white 9] cts.
for export, and I'Jl a l.".'. cts. per gallon tor liome use.
Flour.-Miiini'sota ex[,a, ol.75'a S5.U0 ; Penna. do.
•^4.50 a $5 ; patent and other liigb grades, $5.75 a $8.00.
Rye flour, $3.27 i a $3.50.
Grain.— Red wheat, 98 cts. to $1.00; amber, $1.00 a
$1.02; wh te, 1^1.03 a $1.05. Rye, 54 a 55 cts. for
western, and 56 cts. for Penna. Corn, 45 a 48 cts. per
bushel. Oats, mixed, 24 a 25 cts., and white, 26 a 29
cts. per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 55 a 65 cts., mixed,
45 a 55 cts. Straw, 60 a 70 cts. per 100 pounils.
Beef cattle, 3 a 51 cts. per pound. Hogs, 4| a 5X cts.
Sheep, 4 a 5 cts. per pound. Lamb^, 5 a 5J cts.
Foreign.— Reports from Great Britain indicate but
little improvement in manufacturing interests. Of
thirty companies engaged in the manufacture of cotton
goods, it is said one will pay a dividend of 4} percent,
per annum. Nine report very small margins of profit,
but twenty report lo.sses, some of which are of serious
magnitude. Further reductions of wages are threatened.
The iron masters of the north of England have decided
to reduce the rate of wages five per cent. ; and the Clyde
shipwrights have accepted a reduction of seven per
cent, of their wage.s.
The intended withdrawal of the English fleet from
the vicinity of Gallipoli, it is said has been abandoned,
in consequence of the recent movements of the Russians.
Sir Staftttrd Northcote, speaking at Wolverhampton,
admitted that he was not able to .say that he was sure
there would not be a renewal of the war. It was im-
possible to ignore the fact, he .said, thatdilficidties were
being raised against the execution of certain parts of
the treaty of Bi'rliii.
A disp:,trli iv.ini 1",. 11, hay says: "It is thought an
advance iiiio \ l-liini-li,, will be impossible for some
time. Kc'vr i, strjdily i,icreasing among the troops
ainrood anil encamped on the frontier."
16th to the 25th of 9th month, 17,817
ived in Paris. Of the.se 1016 were from
the United States.
Tlie French Government is about to found a central
stationeil a
From tl
foreig
meteorological bureau, in which will be centralized '
the information relative to the great movements of tj
atmosphere, and the warnings to be given to the static)
in the .seaports.
Tlie Japanese Government has agreed to grant a Id
for the purpose of working some of the coal fields whi
spread over an immense area in tlie island of Vei
Recent surveys by geologists, it is said, warrant thel
timate that there is workable coal enough in that iam
alone, to produce a yearly yield for hundreds of yd
equal to tliat of all Great Britain. |
Advices from Santa Cruz represent that the condilffli
of that island since the insurrection is hopeless. Aboi
one hundred negroes have been executed, but the*
s,irrectionary spirit remains alive. St. Thomas has 1(
over -150,000 by the insurrection, while $3,000,0i
would not cover the damage done in Santa Cruz.
BIBLE ASSOCIATION OF FRIEND.5.
The .\nnual Meeting will be held in the Committe
room of .\rch Street .Vteeting-hou.se, on Fourth-day, I
6th inst., in 8 o'clock p. M.
William Ev.\n-,
11th mo. 1878. Sectlnry
CHEAP BIBLES.— The American Bible Socie
have lately issued a copy of the whole Bible at the Ic
price of 25 cents, and a small Testament for 5 ceni
They em be purchased at the Office of the Bible As*
elation of Friends in America, No. 116 North Four:
street, Philadelphia.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankjord. (Twenty-third Ward,) Phil'idelphUt
Physician and Superintendent — JohnC. Hall, M.l
Applications for the Admission of Patiehts may I
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Died, at Muncy, Lycoming Co., Penna., on the 15t
of 10th mo 1878, Susan E. Lippincott, wife of .la
S. Lippincott, aged 53 years, a beloved member of Hai
donfield Monthly Meeting, New Jersey. She was po
sessed of superior intellectual endowments, and was
frequent contributor to the columns of this Journa
Being favored in early life with strong religious •
victions, which were accepted by her as the visita
of Divine grace for her .salvation and guidance, she b(
came sincerely attached to the Christhan princi)
Friends. Her last illness was protracted and piinfu
and was attended at times with a fervent exen '
spirit tfiat a state of acceptance with Divine purit
might be attained. She was favored with the animatin
hope of a blessed immortality, through the mercy (
Christ in whom she trusted as her Saviour. The da.
before her death she remarked, " I do not know niu
that is going on around me, but one thing I know
shall soon be in heaven : I have had glimpses of i
already." The following morning she observed, " ther!
is a great brightness around me, what can it be?" J,
relative replied, ''It is the Sun of righteousness tha;
ari-eth u|)on thee." " Yes," she rejoined, " I think 1'
is;" and soon after passed quietly away.
•, at Coal Creek, Iowa, the 11th of 9th month
1878, Semira S. Edgerton, wife of Jesse Edgerton, iv
the 35th year of her age, a member of New (iardei
Monthly Meeting of Friends, Ohio. This dear Frien,'
had been in delicate health for many months, and oftei
expre.ssed a belief that she should not live long, alwayi
coupling therewith an earnest desire to be in readines
for the great change when it should come. And al
though at the last called suddenly from time to eternity
yet the remembrance of her faith and hope, .and of he
innocent and thoughtful every-day life, aftbrd her be
ived family and friends a comfortable belief th.at
through Divine love and mercy, her spirit has beei
gathered into the Redeemer's kingdom of rest aiu
peace.
— , <at her residence in New Hope, Bucks Co., Pa
the llth of 10th mo. 1878, Sarah M. Balderston
willow of the late John D. Balderston, in the 63d yeai
er age, a member of Buckingham Monthly Meeting
ricnds.
— , at her residence in West Marlborough, Chestei
Co., Pa., on the morning of the 18th ult., Mary H
Cope, widow of the late Abiah Cope, in the 79th yeai
of her age, an esteemed member of LonHon Grovt
Monthly and Particular Meeting.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINT'er7
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
SEVENTH-DAY, ELEVENTH MONTH 9,
NO. 13.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
e, if paiJ in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on thosesent by maih
Sabicriptiong and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
•JO. 116 ■JOKTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For '■ The Friend."
George Moore.
(Continued from page 90.)
Borge Mooro was an energetic, prompt
ness man, who af^ted with great deci^tion
quickness on whatever was brought be-
1 him. Without these qualities, he would
3 been altOi^ether unable to accomplish
great amount of business which he trans-
sd, both of his own private affairs, and the
Ititudinous concerns of a public and chari
e nature, which gradually devolved upon
in the later years of his life.
L8 an illustration of his character hi,s
;rapher relates, that at one period, when
health seemed failing from long continued
unremitted labor, hi-* physician advised
[, and a change of scene. He decided to
the prescribed holiday. One evening he
It homo to his wife and said, •' You must
y things ready I am going to America
norrow." She was of course surprised.
hy did you not tell me before ?" " Well,
cas of no use unsettling your mind before-
id. Now I am ready to go." His prepara-
38 were easily made — commercial travellers
ready to start in any direction on a mo-
it's notice. His things were accordingly
realy, and by cock-crow the following
ning, he was off on his journey to America.
his papers he says: '• 1 have always been
'ged to act from smiden impulse, never
?ing had time to think or mature my
)ughts. I have always been obliged to act
I thought, or my poor brain would have
overwhelmed with the variety of sub-
b I had to deal with." Every minute was
cious to him. Nothing tried his temper
ueh as sleepy-headed people, who did not
ow the value of moments; who came lan-
idl}^ late, some ten minutes behind time.
e day he wrote in his diary : " I have not
noment to call my own. I fear my temper
lot so good as it was ; for I have been twice
itated to-day. Lord forgive me !"
of his emploj'ees, who afterwards re-
to Dubuque, Iowa, thus describes his
aracter: " Pew of the many who received
ever-hearty welcome, and the firm, manly
p of his hand at Whitehall [his Cumberland
antry seat], knew anything about the king
was ut his place of business — how all wills
wed to his, — what a change his presence
■ought, from the basement to the garret over-
)king Bow-bells. Speaking tub s conveyed
e maaic word ■ Geurije Moore' throughout
the house. Like magic, too, the house was
put in order. There was a shaking amongst
the dry bones. The loose joints rattled into
their place. The sleepers awoke. Smart
young men looked even smarter; and all the
machinery worked noiselessly and well.
" When George Moore came round, he could
scan a departm>-nt at a g'ance. No flaw could
possibly esca])e his never resting eye. He
Was quick and decisive in action as in word.
Nothing like an impossibility ever dawned
upon him. I remember how furious he used
to be at any one who said he ' couldn't do it !'
'Couldn't,' he said, ' What d'ye mean, man?
I don't know what ye mean. There's no such
word. It isn't in the dictionary. Go, and do
t at once.' He could brook no defeat.
"An incident will illustrate this decisive
trait in his character. 1 had been some time
suffering from an ailment, and finally had to
undergo a painful operation. Unthinkingly,
I omitted to tell Mr. Moore. I left the firm,
and took lodgings near the surgeon's house.
About a week or so after the operation, and
while I was just able to walk, a rap, almost
like a policeman's, rang through the house.
The door was banged open, and a quick, firm
tep mounted the stairs, almost frightening
ly good old nurse out of her senses. In
stepped George Moore! ' What's happened?
vVhat are you doing here? Why didn't you
tell me?' 'Thank you sir, the doctors have
ordered me not to move for at least a fort-
night, not to eat any meat, and to He perfectly
■■.' I told him this. Oo y.)U think it
baulked him? Not a bit. His mind was
ide up. ' Doctor's orders ? Fiddle-de dee.
Doctors know nothing. Get back to Auld
Cumberland, my lad, and come to me at VVhile-
hall!' That night I dined off beefsteak, and
next night I was speeding on my way home
at George Moore.'.s expense, in a carriage
labelled ' Engaged,' with soft cushions and
every comfort that could enable me to rest
ring my three hundred miles of journey."
This anecdote illustrates not only the de-
cision of character of George Moore, but
also the practical benevolence which was so
■ked a feature in him. In reviewing his
efforts in that line, one may well be surprised
at the wide range of his sj^mpathies, the num-
ber of charitable institutions with which he
was connected, the amount of his private
benefactions, and the exertion which he under-
went for the good of others. In these exer-
tions and varied labors, the business qualities
which had brought him success and made him
wealthy (under Providence), enabled him to
accomplish far more than most men can do.
One of the first of the charitable institu-
tions, which he was instrumental in founding,
was a school for the education of the children
of Commercial Travellers, to which body he
had long belonged. It grew and prospered.
He continued actively interested in it to the
close of life, making liberal donations to its
funds and laboring energetically for its pros
perity in various ways. The schools were
erected at a cost of £25,000, and 200 children
(boys and girls), fed and educated therein.
/To use George Moore's own words, "I made
jthe institution a part of my business. I can-
vassed the various business houses in London
:for funds. I travelled to Bristol, Manchester
and Liverpool to summon meetings of the
commercial men, and appeal to them in favor
of the charity." He was declared to be an
" indefatigable beggar," but he did not mind
the nickname provided he could get the neces-
sary subscriptions.
For nearly twenty years of his life, he went
round in this good work. With his friends,
he was often very abrupt. When he entered
their offi.-es they knew what he was about.
''■ What is it now, Mr. Moore?" " Well, I am
on a begging expedition." " Oh, I know that
very well. What is it?" " It is for the Royal
Free Hospital — an hospital free to all, with-
out any letters of recommendation. I want
twenty guineas." " It's a large sum." " Well
it's the sum I have set down for you to give.
You must help me. Look sharp !" The check
was got, and away he started on a fresh ex-
pedition. He sometimes met with rebuffs,
though his perseverance usually carried all
before him. Sometimes the money getting
merchant would look up from his desk and
growl, "VVhat do you want?" " Well, my
friend, I want £10 for the Field Lane Ragged
School." "Ragged humbugs! L3t people
work for themselves, and there would be no
need for ragged schools. I began without a
p.-nny." "Stop, let me go, I have called
upon the wrong man." And away he went
to some more charitable soul. On some oc-
casions, he met with rebuff after rebuff. This
sickened him for the day; and he went home
tired of his work. But ho returned to his
begging next day, until ho had made up the
sum tbat he wanted. "I must not be dis-
couraged," he said: "I am doing Christ's
work."
He joined the Free Hospital, he said,
" simply because it was in difficulties. I have
continued to stick to it, because it is free to
all who are poor and destitute, without any
order of admittance." In 1857 he raised 1100
guineas for its use— 200 out of his own pocket.
In 1863 ho determined to clear off the mort-
gage and ground-rent on the promises occu-
pied by it. In working for this purpose, he
used to say that he wore off the soles of a pair
of boots. On the 7th of ith month, he says :
" I am persevering to get the money to buy
the freehold of the Royal Free. Morrisons
have sent mo a hundred pounds. If I did not
think it Christ's work, I should not submit
to the unpleasant duty of begging." On the
17th ho says, " Had a long day canvassing for
money for the Royal Free. I think that few
men would take the trouble and unpleasant
office of begging money that I do." On the
24th, he says, " Canvassed the West-end bank-
ers for the Royal Free. I am worrying my-
98
THE FRIEND.
self every day about it." On the 1st of 5th
month he says, " I have collecled myself
£-1300 for buying the freehold of the hospital,
and obtained about 400 annual subscribers."
As might have been anticipated from the zeal
manifested, the effort was successful.
lie organized a benevolent Institution for
the porters in his employment. In his mem-
oranda, wo find a reference to this work. He
says: "All true Christians are bound to one
another by ties of the most sacred and endur-
ing nature, and are conscious of a natural in-
terest in each other's welfare."
He took an active part in the support of re-
formatories for released prisoners and refuges
for fallen women, lie became connected with
twelve different orphanages, of which he was
a liberal helper. He helped the ragged chil-
dren of the streets, the diseased, the blind and
the forgotten. But above all, he helped on
the work of education. " We must begin at
the beginning," he said; "every boy and girl
born into the world is entitled to a fair si art
in life."
He entered in his diary that he did not wish
to die a rich man. "The money," he said,
" belongs to God ; let me give it back to
Him." He made a, fortune, he gave away a
fortune, and he loft a fortune. As he used to
say, " Whatever I give in good works, it all
comes back again." During the last three
years of his life, he gave away an average of
£16,000 a year. He not only gave liberally,
but ho gave with sympathy and consciehtious-
For "The Friend."
The following letter from Arthur Howell,
written during the prevalence of the yellow
fever in Philadelphia, in 1798, it is thought
would be interesting to the readers of "The
Friend." It is dated Philadelphia, 8th mo.
21st, 1798, and addressed to his daughter
"Mary Howell, at Abraham Davies, Mount
Pleasant, upjjer end of Beggars Tovyn." It
is understood that the northern part of Ger-
mantown was at that time called "Beggars
Town."
" My dear daughter, — [I] received thine of
Seventh-day evening, which was acceptable.
[I] expect you received mine, with the bundle,
on First-day evening; want of opportunity
has since prevented any information from me,
as well as (my) not bearing from son Joseph,
for whose welfare I was much exercised last
evening. A letter from him by post this day,
dated yesterday, as enclosed, removed my
fears; [I] have written him which I intend
forwarding to-morrow, if spared.
Times begin to be very serious, and I be-
lieve will be increasingly so ; hope to continue
resigned to my lot, either for life or death,
having this comforting belief or hope, with
the apostle, whether I live or whether I die,
1 am the Lord's, in whose protecting Provi-
dence 1 fully rely. [I] expect you have regu-
lar information through the medium of the
public prints, of the state of this city, if not
[1] have it in prospect to have them conveyed
to you, as I expect Brown orFenno, will send
them to some stated place in Germantown, of
which I mean to inform myself to-morrow if
health permits. From present impressions
[I] apprehend mother begins to be uneasy
about my welfare in not having a line since
Firstday. [I] wish her with you to rest ea.sy
should there bo a space between my letters.
as thou knows writing is rather a burden than!
otherwise, unles-i I feel a qualification there-
for, which I cannot at all times command or
come at. Should anything happen me more
than common, you will soon hear of it, as bad
news fly fiist, and ray intention is to send
word by a messenger as speedily as possible,
and in the interitn I wish, yes, sincerely so,
that my dear offspring would consider their
waj-s and be wise, and not do anything to
grieve their mother or cause the enemies of
Truth, (or its friends), to reflect on either of
us for an apparent want of care in their edu-
cation. Remember, my dear children, that
the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wis-
dom, and to depart or keep from iniquit}' is
good understanding. Don't suffer your minds
to be carried away, or be beguiled with tran-
sitory enjoyments, for however pleasant to
the natural man, or the eye of human reason
they may appear, they are delusive, and in
the very enjoyment of which there is no real
or solid happiness, but will CTid in vanity and
vexation of spirit or disappointment. It is
not so with those super-excellent things which
God has in store for those who love Him and
keep his law; verily no, for though these may
and do meet with exercises, (as none are ex-
empt, as man is born to trouble as the sparks
fly upward), yet, they have something in their
own minds to fiee or recur unto, which sup-
ports the drooping mind under every exercise
and trial, and the joy of God's salvation flows
at seasons into their souls, and raises them
above all, so that thoj' cannot only sing of His
mercies, bat of His judgments too, as on the
banks of deliverance. I have enlarged far
beyond my expectations when I sat down to
write ; but so it is, and may it prove like a
good legacy left by an exercised father for
his children's welfare. I have never coveted
riches for you, my dearchildren, though many
might, or may suppose it has been the bent of
my mind in pressing business as I have; but
as a wise man once observed in my hearing.
Mankind were very wrong in judging, or
forming their judgments about industrious
men, calling them worldly minded; it is not,
added he, the most industrious that are the
most worldly minded ; thanks be to God, in
that I know this, not only from heartfelt ex-
perience, but observation. How many have
I seen, who, not endowed with an industrious
turn of mind, and by some thought not to be
worldly minded, when the poor and necessi-
tous have applied to them for assistance, turn
from and reprove them, or order them (with
a stern countenance and speech, and perhaps
a heart barren, or void of feeling another's
woe), to go to the house of employ, or apply
to the overseers of the poor ; saj'ing, I pay my
poor tax, &c. Alas ! for such, saith my spirit ;
where is their love to God ; " Inasmuch," was
the language of dear Jesus, "as ye did it not
unto one of them, ye did it not unto me." I
don't wish to dwell on this subject, neither do
I know or see at present why I am thus led ;
but as David said, " Is there not a cause."
My dear Master blessed me with an indus-
trious turn of mind from my youth up, and
had it not been so, where had I been, or what
would have become of me, in the days of trial
and distress, when I could not find peace anj'-
whore but in my cellar among my leather,
with my mind turned to God. 1 leave it as a
legacy to you, my dear children, and to the
world at largo, that industry, under His kind
Providence, has been my preservation. Let
none, then, judge from the sight of the ei
&c., hut judge righteous judgment, (as
prophesied concerning our dear Saviour),
then they will not err, but at times will |
led into sympathy with others where th
little expected it, and instead of judging, th
will commend and justify'. Be indnstrio
my children ; never eat the bread of idlenei
be content with small beginnings (which i
oftener blessed than great ones.) " Fear G
and keep His commandments," for this is tl
whole duty of man, then I have no docj
"in blessing He will bless you, and in mull
plying. He will multij)ly you," not onlj' wi'
the fatness of the earth, but above all, wij
the dew of Heaven, which is the desire'
your poor father, more than for you to obtJl
the riches of the east.
Artdur Howell.
For "The Friend
English Prison Notes.*
To those familiar with the valuable servi(
of Elizabeth Fry in connection with pris
visitation and reform, it will be a surprise a
disappointment to learn that, consequent up
a recent parliamentary enactment by whi,
all the prisons in the kingdom havo he
placed under government control, the reai|
access to prisoners on the part of religious);
concerned visitors, has been very much ci
tailed.
The new Prison Act which went into ope;
tion Fourth month 1st of this year, will, it
stated, effect a large saving of money, owii
to the closing of many county jails, which c
now, it is believed, be dispensed with. Th
teen prisons have been closed in Scotlat
whilst in England and Wales the number h
been reduced from ll3, in 1877, to 76 in 181
Above half the jails in Wales have been clos
by the new act. In Ireland, however, whe
the measure might have been especial
serviceable — there being some prisons wi
nearly as many ofiScers as prisoners — t
operation of the act was forestalled by the i
serlion of a clause that each county shou
have at least one jail.
Nevertheless, experience will show wheth
this plan of concentration will really wo
benefleially, or whether, on the other hao
it ma}^ not prove prejudicial to the moral i
provement of the prisoners by fostering t
gang system, and thus materially inierfe
with any effective service on the part of priS'
visitors. Where, as is the case in many prisoi
the industrial labor of the convicts is leas
to outside contractors, no eneouragcmenti
course will be extended to visitors duri
working hours. The reformation of t
prisoners is too often made subordinate
their present productive value.
But the change most to be deplored in t
British government's present management
its prisons, is the rapid substitution of mill ta
control in lieu of that bj' civilians. It is stat
that in the new Prison Board there is but
single member who is not connected with tl
"service;" and further, that the half-doz
Inspectors of Prisonsjust appointed under t
new act, are all soldiers. One of these ei
lihatically expressed the opinion that " ir*
force" is th.i fundamental, if not the onl
principle of )irison management. The saK
increase of the military element extends
the wardens and prison officials generallj
* Chiefly collected from the Report (1878) of fl
Howard Assuciiitioii of Ureal Britain. I
THE FRIEND.
99
)n this undesirable substitution the Lancet,
■omineni English journal, remarked:
As a matter of fact, soldiers aro not the
it suitable persons to deal with criminals.
■J are so entirely imbued with the belief
, a man is so much raw material to be
aded and beaten into a required shape,
t they overlook the fact of bis being a ma-
le worked by a mind. There is no place
mind in the military system, and it is left
of the account by military men in dealing
h convicts. But it is the mind which is al
t in a criminal. To disregard the mind
moral influences, in such a case, istoovor-
the pivot upon which everything turns."*
apt. Macouochie, who is considered to be
d authority upon matters of prison disci-
e, wrote: "The ultimate purpose of raili-
p- discipline is to train men to act together;
hat of penal discipline is to prepare them
antageously to separate. The objects being
8 opposite, the processes should equally
br ; but we make them the same and reap
ordingly." These considerations, it is per-
t at this juncture to remark, may operate
lisastrously with respect to the aborigines
ur country', if they, too, should be placed
ler exclusive militarj- surveillance.
Jpon the subject of the inequality of sen-
ces, and the frequent imprisonment of chil-
n of tender 3-ears, a committee of the
ward Association having memorialized the
!retary of State for Home Affairs, were as-
ed that the Government hoped shortly to
able to effect some improvements. With
pect to offences committed by young chil-
n, the opinion was expressed by the As-
ant Secretarj' that " lie would like to see
•ents compelled in many cases to enter into
iognizanees for the future good behavior of
iir children, and he believed that such a
irse would sati-f^' many magistrates. Noth-
; in his opinion could be more injurious
m to accustom children at an early age to
! degrading influences of imprisonment."
appears that there were incarceraied last
Hr, at a single prison in London, 21 boys
not more than nine years of age, and 170
ildren not over twelve years.
Respecting the general causes of crime, the
b of intoxicating liquors is of course placed
kmost. Reference is made to the fact that
Ine of the clergy have formed a Temperance
biety in three grades, thus : (1.) Those who
ree never to drink intoxicants in the pre-
ace of their children, or to allow the latter
drink such. (2.) Those who agree only to
Ink with solid food, or at regular meals.|
) Those who can abstain altogether. We
)uld say that there is but one safe course of
e three for "clergy" and all others, if we
sire not to come under the condemnation of
ose who, like a certain unfortunate men-
ined in the report, having many times
3dged himself over the Bible, to abstain,
t in vain, cried out despairingly — "Indeed
goodness, I do try ; indeed to goodness, I
; but as soon as I see, or smell, the drink,
jannot keep myself from it." The report
' Quoted in pamphlet on English Convict Prisons :
ie needed Reforms, by Wm. Tallack.
j- To this class of moderate drinkers might be referred
; case of a late wealthy merchant of a neighboring
y, who, having disinherited his son, a young man of
jssly intemperate habits, bequeathed the stock of
oice wines in his cellar, to his wife. The young man
id a few months after his father — the victim of de-
lved appetites which his own parent's example had
amoted.
further discussing the drink-evil and the mani-
fold crimes springing out ot the readj' licens-
ing of the traffic, says :
" Whilst there is such an overplus of public
houses as to constitute temptation rather than
supply;* whilst the hours they are open are
so prolonged ; whilst those magistrates who
are disposed to be more stringent- are coun-
teracted by the facilities for granting 'off'
licenses; whilst boys and girls are depraved,
in thousands, in vile ' penny goffs;' whilst a
way-faring man may, in many districts, and
even in London itself, travel mile after mile,
in vain, to find any cheap and comfortable
prompt supply of non-intoxicating refresh-
ments; whilst the earnest friends of temper-
ance in Parliament and in the Government
are so few ; whilst, from day to day, the news-
papers contain reports of women and children
brutally kicked, bruised, mangled and out-
raged, through the delnging supply of highly-
spirited liquors in every locality ; whilst these
and other conditions of evil exist — the oppo-
tion to them needs to be [intelligently di-
rected, firm in purpose and unintermitted.]"
'lis-education and improvident habits are
dwelt upon as two other principal crime-
sources. The education which prepares the
j'outh to read nothing but sensation stories
and scandalous picture-papers, is of a sort
which may well make us exclaim, "Better
nothing, than this !" Some advancement ap-
pears to have been made in the promotion of
provident habits by the institution of" Friend-
ly Societies," which, now numberingtwo mil-
"on members, have accumulated funds to the
extent of nearly ten million pounds. In this
country, the plan proposed of making the
post-offices the depositories of small savings,
a small percentum of interest to be allowed
by the government, would probably result
beneficially in encouraging frugal habits on
the part of many who might otherwise be
deterred by the formality of opening aregular
account in a Saving Fund.
L. P. Alden, superintendent of the State
Public School for Dependent Children, Cold-
water, Michigan, in an essay recently read at
a convention in Pittsburg, gave some interest-
ing facts concerning the diminution of crime
and pauperism as resulting from the establish-
ment of industrial schools and the careful
training of neglected children.
As a notable instance of the happy results
of such efforts in England — where, thirty
years ago, Mary Carpenter, of Bristol, was
instrumental in founding the first industrial
training schools — it was stated by L. P. Alden
that, niainly through M. C.'s exertions, more
than one hundred strictly preventive institu-
tions for young children not charged with
crime, have been established in the kingdom.
And whereas, in 1836, before this beneficent
system went into operation, the total number
of sentences to imprisonment, penal servitude
and transportation, amounted to upward of
18,000, yet in 1875, notwithstanding an in-
crease of fifty per cent, in the population, the
sentences nuinbered under 11,000. The sur-
prising, and withal very encouraging, state-
ment is made with respect to the county of
Gloucester, (where particular efforts have
been put forth to save the neglected children,)
that although that county had, in 1836, seven
prisons, with an average annual population
* But, is not every public drinking-house a " temp
tation ?"
of 850, there remains now but a single jail—
the others having been pulled down or other-
wise disposed of. The average number of
prisoners for several years has been under
20). Somewhat sitnilar facts with respect to
France, Sweden and our own country, were
also cited.
Now, as at least three-fourths of all the
crimes committed — those at least of which the
lavv takes cognizance — are referable to the
use of intoxicating liquors, there would appear
to be much hope for the future, if legislators,
b}' firm and intelligent dealing with the rum
traflSc with the view to its suppression, would
thereby co-operato with the efforts being put
forth in behalf of neglected youth, to teach
them habits of industry, frugality and self-
estraint. J. W. L.
For " The Friend."
E.\tract from letters of Margaret Morris.
(.Concluded from page 93.)
To her grand-daughter N. M. Collins.
11th mo. 1.3th, 1812.
* * To look back to the year '93, when
I had five dear little orphans thrown into my
arms, the eldest not nine jears old, I seeui
lost in amazement that I should have lived to
see them grown up and settled, and becoming
heads of families. I feel as a wonder to myself,
and cannot but cry out, " What shall I render
to the Lord for all His benefits?" What, in-
deed, can I render, but the tribute of love,
gratitude, and praise? And may they ever as-
cend from a heart prepared to acknowledge
■ .s unworthiness, and adore the Hand that
as led me and fed me all my life long, and
'ho, in passing through some of the most
tribulated parts of a long life, has not left mo
without a comfortable hope that the most
dreary part of it has been under His notice,
and the invisible arm of His power has been
my 8U])port ; and now, when near the close, I
can say, " hitherto He hath helped me." May
the same Good Hand, my beloved child, bo
thy companion in youth, thy stay in the noon
of life, and thy evening song when all earthly
comforts are withdrawing from thee.
5th mo. loth, 1S!3.
* * All this preface, my dear, is to pre-
pare thee to hear that I have lately had a
" ght paralytic stroke, which came unex-
pected on me as I sat at breakfast on Second-
day last, without pain, and I wondered what
was the reason that my food dropped out of
my mouth ; and when some of the family
came in, I found on attempting to speak, my
voice faltered, and I could not articulate. I
sent for the doctor, and told him, as well as I
could, that an " embargo" was laid on my
tongue, and suspected I had a slight paralytic
affection, which he confirmed, and gave me
some medicine, which I think has been useful,
but I can't speak plainly yet; perhaps it may
go over, but I am content. I have written
more than I expected, feel tired, and must bid
thee tenderly adieu, my own sweet, my dar-
ling child, till we meet to part no more.
To the same, without date.
* * * But why should I mourn the ab-
sence of your company, seeing that I am my-
self on the wing, and hourly ready to land on
that happy shore where dearest friends will
meet to part no more. I shall be glad to know-
how you get along. I kept you company in
idea, till bed time, and then retired myself,
100
THE FRIEND.
not to sleep, but to think of you till near moro-
ing. Don't let Willie forget us. On lolling
my dear brother Dillwyn 1 hoped the children
would remember their grandmother, he said
there was no danger of that — their forgetting
they had one. How natural it is for people
to love to bo remembered by those they love;
and with this selfish love I eoaclude my
scrawl.
To the same. No date.
* * * But a truce to complaint, and let
me tell thee I have got a nice little " Sedan"*
to go abroad in, as Ann can tell thee. I have
paid several visits, and could not believe the
fresh air could have been so enlivening; it
seemed as if I never before had felt so revived,
and I now more than ever regret that I did
not embrace the opportunity of going to New
York when thou went first there. Now, I
shall never see where you live; but I must
content myself with the hope of meeting you
in a better and more enduring habitation.
Thy own affectionate mother,
M. M.
To the same, without date.
Although I have hardly strength to guide
my pen, 1 am not willing to omit a good op-
portunity, as it may possibly be the last at-
tempt I shall ever make to inform thee of my
present low and declining health. My life
seems wearing heavily away, and I have not
strength enough to walk across the room
without help, which my good child M. M. S.
is always, like my shadow, at hand to aftbrd.
I feel sensibly my obligations lo her and
others, and that it is not, or ever will be in
ray power to reward her and them for all their
kindness and care bestowed on such an un-
worthy creature. I am now fixed as on a
post of observation, as Young expresses it,
" Where the scene, as to outward observation,
grows darker every hour,'' for there is no re-
lief to be hoped for from outward means; but
when the mind is supported by the unfailing
Helper, these light afflictions, though, some-
times hard to bear, are of little account to the
mind that can look forward with a hope that,
in a little time, all will bo over on earth, and
the long chastened heart be centered in a
happy rest, where the toils and sorrows of a
long life will forever cease and be forgotten.
If 1 should live to see thee once more, my
dear child, and be permitted to fold thee again
to my fond bosom, with thy babes, it is more
than I can reasonably expect; but I still look
forward to the time.
And now, my dear, I must bid thee adieu,
a longadiou,if I never see thee more ; yet hope
to meet thee in a better place, where long
separated friends, parents and children, shall
meet to part no more I Susan can tell thee I
rode out last week, and was refreshed by the
tine fresh air; but, on stepping from the car-
riage, my feet being heavy with the swelling,
I unluckily missed the step, and got a fall,
which added to the pain in my back.
M. M.
This appears to be the last letter Margaret
Morris wrote. She deceased 10th mo. lOih,
1816.
* It was in this "Sedan" that her grand-sons carried
her to meeting before it assembled, and sat her in the
2d gallery. To reach the seat .it the end of the bench
on the middle aisle, but a few steps, was the utmost
exertion her rheumatic and palsied limbs admitted ;
with all this, she was cheerful. J. J. S.
For "The Friend."
Incidents anil Reflections.— \o, .'I.
EXERCISE OV FAITU.
The apostle Paul describes Faith as " th
evidence of things not seen." By which de-
scription ho may well bo understood to refer
to that conviction of the truth of the openings
of the Holy Spirit in the heart of man, which
gives him as positive an assurance of the cer-
tainty and reality of things yet distant and
unseen, as if they were actually pn-sent and
visible. The great object of the ^aints' faith
is and always has been, as Robert Barclay
shows in his " Apology," the voice of God
speaking in the soul. That voice wo are
bound to listen to and obey in all thin/s;
whether it warns us against dan^jer, points
out the way in which we Hhould walk, re-
proves us for our sins, or leads us to seek for-
giveness for our past transgressions through
the mercy of God manifested in the atoning
sacrifice of the Saviour of mankind.
If we obey this voice of God. which teacheth
as never man taught, then we show ourfiiiih
by our works. But wo may hear it, and be
convinced of its Divine authority, and yet re-
fuse to submit to its directions; thus mani-
festing that our faith is a " dead faith," which
doth not profit us. ]iy that living faith which
is inseparably connected with obedience, th?
apostle assures us the saints of old wrought
many mighty works; and the same principle
operates in man to the present day. producing
the fruits of righteousness in all in wdom they
are brought forth.
A striking example of this faith is found in
the life of a poor Cornish miner named Wil-
liam Bray, but in his neighborhood familiarly
called Billy Bi'ay. He had been a reckless,
profane, drunken man for many years; but
was converted to righteousness without much
outward help, by yielding to the visitation of
Divine Grace. He became as conspicuous fjr
his piety and devotion to the cause of Christ,
as he had before been for his service to the
world, the flesh and the devil. He was a man
of much originality of mind, quickness of wit,
and decidedly eccentric. Many amusing in-
cidents are preserved which illustrate these
traits ; but with them all, Iher.^ was a sincerity
and earnestness in his devotion to religion,
which made him useful in the circle in which
he moved.
The following anecdotes show the undoubt
ing faith with which he relied on the Divino
openings in his mind. He says:
"There was Justin T , who was with
ine in Devonshire; we were cotnpanions in
drunkenness and came home to t/'ornwall at
the same time. I was converted before he was;
and when I told my comrades what danger
the wicked wore in, and where they would
go if they died in sin, th-j' would persecute
rno and call me a fool. But J. T. used to say,
' You shall leave that man alone and siiy noth
ing to him, for I know him when he was a
drunkard, and now he is a g^od man ; I wish
I was like him.' Then m}' heart wont out
after J. T. One day when at work in the field,
1 knelt down to praj' for him. The Lord spoke
to my mind, ' I wdl save him soon.' When I
next saw him I told him I had gond news for
him. for while I was out in the field praying
for him, the Lord told me he should be con-
verted soon. And so ho >vas. Shortly after
his conversion he wjis taken ill. 1 saw him
many times in his illness, and he told me he
was happy in Jesus, and going to heaven t
praise Got forever."
On one occasion, in his capacity as eaj
t cin-dresser, he engaged to dress a quuniit
of ore, and had to employ a number of youa
persons. But the general opinion was, ths
the lot was all but worthless, and for a tirn
it was a great trial to Billy as there would t
notning for him, and worse still, nothing ft
those under him. " VVhy, the people willsai
there's that ould (old) Billy Bray, an oul
Bryanite, an ould rogue, he hath cheated th
boys and maidens of their wages. A prett
Christian he !" But Billy wrestled and labore
in prayer, until he got the assurance that th
Lord was on his way. (Dan. x. 9.) "1 wi
bring thee through," the Lord said to hii
one day while he was praying; to which gn
cious word he at once an-iwered, " I belief
it, Lonl, I know Thee wost (Thou wilt)
praise th" Lord, amen, glory. I don't care noi
what the devil ^ays. If Thou UW me, that Tho
wilt bring me through, I believe Thou wilt,
And his foot onco placed upon the rock, li
was not to be moved. The struggle was agai
and again renewed, but to all suggestioai
from whatever quir er they came, his answe
was, " I don't, care whether the stuff i- wort
anything or not. Tlie Lord hath told me H
will bring me through, and I believe H ra.
And did the L/ord disappoint His servant ? c
leave " him at last in trouble to sink ?" Ni
no! On the "sampling" day the "sniff" ws
found to be more valuable th m any perso
expected, enabling Billy to pay the boys an
girls their wages, his own, and then have £
left f )r him.seif
At one time he had a child seriously ill, an
his wife feared it would die. She wished Bll
to go to the doctor, and get some medicini
tie took eighieenpence in his pocket, all th
money there was in the house. On the roa
he met a man who had lost a cow, and wu
then out begging for money to buy anothei
whose story touched Billy's heart, and to hii
tho money was at once given. He said aftei
wards, "I felt after I had given away th
money that it was no use to go to the docto
for I could not havemelieine without mmej
so I thought I would tell Father ah uit it.
jumped over a hedge, and while telling th
Lord all about it I felt sure the ' eheeld' woul
live. I then went home, and as I entered th
door, said to my wife, 'Joey, tho choeld:
better, isn't it?' ' Yes,' she said. 'Thecheel
will live, tho Lord has told me so,' " was hi
answer, and the child soon got well.
During his wife's long illness, which ende
in death, he " had many blessed seasons whil
praying with her, and promises from the dea
Lord." At one time the words were so doepl
impressed on h^smind, " She is mine forever,
that tears came into his eyes. At anothe
time he was greatly comforted by the convii
tion, inwrought into his heart by tho powe
of tho Holy^Ghost, that ho himself, his wif
and family, should bo saved. Therefore h
said, "I had no reason to doubt of my wife'
going 10 heaven ; nevertheless the devil ofte
lornpted mo that, because I was not homo wit
iior when ^ho died, it was not well with hei
But the devil could not make mo believe ii
Since tho dear Lord has settled the matte:
the 'lid king of the blacks does not lerapt m
I hat she is not in heaven. When tho dea
Lord speaks to His children's hearts, H
speaks tho truth ; He is a Go I of truth. an(
all who love Him are children of tho truth.'
THE FRIEND.
101
The Swift Meharcc.
riu' |)ri'9ent sysieni of commerce across
; Saliaru to Soudan Lias existed from lime
iiiomurial. Tiie Carthaginian and Roman
;rcli.ints used the same paiiis that are now
versed by the Arab caravans It is evident
at the enterprising Carthaginians held a
gular communication with Soudan, and that
3y received their elephants from this coun-
r, of which thi^y had a great number. Han-
Dai, the Carthaginian general, had elephants
th his army, and passed the Alps with them
his celebrated march to Rome. African
sphants were also found in the train of
pio Afrieanus when h'^ made his triumphal
itry into Rome, after the conquest of Car-
p,ge — thus clearly proving that the Cartha-
lians had a large number of these animals,
d they could only have obtained them from
udau. It is from the ports of Morocco,
geria, Tunis, and Tripoli, that the people of
udan receive their European merchandise;
id the Arabs and natives of the Sahara are
e only merchants engaged in conducting
is trade across the desert. The common
is almost exclusively used for the iran-
L of goods — the meharee or the swift camel
reserved for services requiring expedi-
It appears that this last animal is
ie inseparable companion of the Tawarek
iid Berber. It seems to bear the s ime re-
!tion to the common camel that the racer,
)e8 to the draught horse ; but of all the ani-
als it is perhaps that which, from the nature
' the country it inhabits, ami of the service
is doomed to perform, has been the li'ast
ade an object of observation and study. The
ily country that agrees with it is the central
jsert; it cannot live in the northern part of
ifrica or in the mountainous country of Sou
an ; even some parts of the desert do not ap-
Bar to agree eq lally well with it. These
nimals seem to be as well adapti'd to the
lode of life of the Tawareks and Berbers as
' they had all been cast in the same mould,
he meharee is tall, and, from being of light
nd slender make, appears to stand considera-
ly higher than the camel; his neck is re-
iarkal)ly long, his legs thin and delicate, and
is bunch projects but litile. His countenance,
ke that of the camel, is careless and imper-
jrbable, but under this sorry aspect and
3cming indolence he conceals qualities which
light almost make him the king of b^-asts, a
delity and gentleness which is proof against
very trial, a sagacity resembling that of the
og, and a swiftness far superior to that of
he horse. Like his masters, he has physical
rganization adapted to the region in which
is lot is cast ; he renders valuable assistance
3 caravans, which, when preparing to set
ut, generall}' despatch avantcouriers, raount-
d on swift coursers, to reconnoitre the route,
nd ascertain whether it is supplied with
rater, and whether b -set with any danger.
t is said that a good meharee can travel
bout eighty miles, day by day, continuously,
'he mode of rearing this valuable animal is
urious. As soon as he is born, he is plunged
0 the neck in fine shifting sand, lest his soft
nd slender limbs should be bent by support
(ig the weight of his body, and for fourteen
ays he is fed on a diet chiefly of butter and
uilk, the composition and quantity of which
aries every day, according to established and
srell known rules. At the end of a month he
s allowed t^> run ; an iron ring is then passed
hruugh his nose, and his education com-
mences. When well trained, lie displays re-
mirkable sagacity. — D. Mackenzie- s Flooding
of the S<ihara.
For "The Friend."
Some Memoranda of the Massey Family.
We believe that many of the readers of
" The Friend" will be interested in the honest
simplicity of some of the documents that fol
low ; and will feel their hearts touched by the
piety, love and living faith that appear in
others.
Thomas Wight, of Cork, Ireland, who is
first noticed, was the father of Sarah ; who
married Samuel Massej' and removed with
him to Pennsylvania in the year 1710. Of
this worthy elder, Dr. R 'illy gives the follow-
ing account, in his "Rise and Progress of
Friends in Ireland.".
" In the year 1724, and the 84th of his age,
died Thomas Wight, of the Ciiy of Cork. He
was the son of Rice Wight, minister of the
town of Bandon, who was the son of Thomas
Wight, who was also minister of the same
town, who came from Guilford in the County
of Surrey.
His father, Rice Wight, was a zealous man
in the discharge of his office, and more de-
voted and tender in that respect than the
generality of the priests, and very strict in
the education of his children according to the
manner of the Church of England.
His son Thomas served a hard apprentice-
ship with a clothier in Band >n, and whilst in
his service hearing of a Quakers' meeting to
be held in that neighborhood, he went to it
out of curiosity ; but finding that the people
sal silent for a long time, he began to be very
uneasy and to think within himself, that as
he had heard the Quakers were witches, he
might be bewitched if he should stay any
longer. However, he waited a little longer,
until Francis Howgil stood up and uttered
these words: ' Before the eye can see, it must
bo opened; before the ear can hear, it must
bo unstopped, and before the heart can under-
stand, it must be illuminated.'
These three sentences, as Francis opened
them to the congregation with great clear-
ness and eneri^y, made a deep impression on
his mind, and he became, in a great measure,
convinced of the truth of the doctrine preach-
ed; but the prejudice of education, and the
shame and reproach he underwent from his
relations for going to the Quak^ers' meeting,
did very much w.ar off the impression re-
ceived, until Edward Burrough came to visit
Friends and the people in the work of the
gospel in those parts, whose preaching was
so powerful and reaching to the slate of his
soul, and accompanied with such an evidence
of truth, that he (with many others) was no
longer able to withstand it, and now he re
solved, through divine assistance, to be faith
ful, according to the light received, through
all ditRculti<-s that might, attend ; and indeed
he became as a proverb and a by word among
his relations and acquaintance, which he bore
with patience, not running into unnecessary
disputations, but rather giving himself up to
silence, solitude and reading the Holy Scrip
lures, and in a short time betook himself to
the plain language and plainness of apparel
from a principle of conviction in himself, upon
which account he was rejected by his rela-
tions, and lived for some time with his master,
who had a great respect for him because of
his singular liii hfulness and trustiness in his
service.
In the year 1670 he married Susanna Ilar-
wood, and in process of time had a numer-
ous family, whereupon he belook himself to
pretty much business, both in the clotfiing
trade and in commissions from abroad, and in
all probability might in a short time have ac-
quired a considerable share of worldly riches ;
but he was stopped in the pui'suit thereof by
m illumination as he thought, from Heaven,
deeply affecting his mind with a sense to this
purport; that he could not be heir of two
kingdoms. Hereupon he grew more retired
from the world, and the concerns thereof, and
devoted in his mind to the service and pro-
otion of truth, preferring this before transi-
tory riches; and, particularly, became an able
scribe and clerk of the meeting of Cork, and
for the Province of Munster, from the year
1680 till his death, discharging this office
from a religious impression on his mind, and
zeal for the good cause. He was also the
person principally concerned in compiling an
historical account of the first Rise and Pro-
gress of Truth in this Nation, which he finish-
ed in the form of Annals to the year 1700,
and which was the groundwork of the pre-
sent history.
He was a man of an exemplary life and
conversation, and good conduct in the educa-
tion of his children, a pattern of plainness,
and a diligent aitender of meetings both homo
and abroad, being zealous for the promotion of
truth, both in the particular and in the gene-
ral.
He was seized with an indisposition which
proved mortal, in the 9th mo. 1724, under
hich he showed great composure of mind
and resignation to the Lord's will, and on his
death-bed testified his great satisfaction that
he had not put off the great affair of the sal-
vation of his soul to the last, signifying that
God had sealed his salvation to him, to the
great comfort of those present."
The following notice from the Journal of
Joseph Pike, will show the esteem in which
Thomas Wight was held by his friends. He
says ; The Half Year's Meeting recommended
that every Province Meeting should appoint
clean-handed and faithful Friends, to inspect
and visit every particular meeting, family
and person, &c. When the aforesaid minutes
came to our meeting relative to the nomina-
nation, Samuel Randall and myself, with our
dear friend and elder Thomas Wight, and
some others, were appointed to the service.
His son Joshua thus describes the last sick-
ness of this good man. He is writing to Sarah
Massey, his own sister, and daughter of the
deceased.
Cork, 11th mo. 23rd, 1724.
Dear Sister Sarah, * * * Now I tenderly
desire thee amongst the rest of thy sorrows,
(she had lost her husband and some of her
children,) and great exercises, to labor to be
patient and thankful for what the Lord has
been pleased to do and try us all with. * * *
It hath pleased the Lord in great mercy to
take our dear and honored father to Himself.
[He] departed this life the 9th day of the
month past, about four in the evening. * * *
having kept his bed about a fortnight. * * *
My two sisters Susanna and Betty were both
with him, who were tenderly concerned for
hifn, as likewise all Friends, * * * [he] fell
as it were into a lethargy all the first day of
the week and most part of second day, being
102
THE FRIEND.
llio time of a Pruvince meeting, but after
meitiiiif wa.s over, several of his dear Friends
Ijoth of the Province and of Cork, came to
visit him ; upoa which he roused up as from
sleep, and being renewed in his spirit, after
being joyful to see them, broke forth into
great tenderness, signifying to Fi-iends, that
though he was under great affliction and
weakness of body, yet what he enjoyed in-
wardly of the Lord's refreshing presence was
more than tongue could tell, saying, " It was
well for him, that he missed not the day of
his visitation, and that it would be happy for
thousands, that at such a time as this was,
that they may experience and feel what he
then enjoyed, being sensible of his salvation
sealed to him," with many more such like
sayings, to the great satisfaction and over-
coming of his friends, children and relations,
some [of whom] were not members of our
Society, <fec., he being so filled with the love
of God, that though a pretty great number of
Friends would be in the room, yet [he] would
speak to them by way of counsel in particular
and general, and afler having had a large
timeandopportunit}' with several ministering
Friends and elders, &o., he taking his leave of
them so heartily, as that he could scarce part
with them, saying, " Oh! don't leave me yet;
slay a little longer; are you going away ? " &c.
He then seeing his grand-children about him,
put forth his arms to them, and tenderly em-
bracing them all, exhorted them to fear ihe
Lord and be obedient to their parents, saying,
"Honor your parents that your days may be
long in the land which the Lord your God
givethyou," "and beware of pride and haugh-
tiness and the vain fashions of the world;"
and more to this purpose, adding, "Many of
our Friends are growing into great height and
pride." And remembering that one of his
grand-sons was wanting, desired him to be
sent for, * * when come, he said to him,
"Richard, I have something to say to thee;
thou hast been disobedient to thy parents,
and [hast] been a trouble to Friends by thy
conversation, and hast taken up to liberty
and loved the fashions of the world, and thou
hast been often admonished by Friends," and
givir]g him good advice, charged him with
great earnestness to remember the words of
his dying grandfather. Then clearing him
self of what was upon his mind (it being the
evening of the Province meeting aforesaid,)
[he] called foi- me, and said, " Joshua, I have
cleared myself to my grandchildren, and have
had several good opportunities with Friends,
and now I desire to bo kept quiet, and not to
be disturbed." * * * He remained after this
for about twelve days, * * * during which
time, several ministering Friends had oppor-
tunities with him, to his and their great satis-
faciion ; and at the conclusion of one Utile
meeting bj' his bedside, with lifted up hands,
said, "Friends, wo read that, Jacob said, ' the
Lord was in this place, and I knew it not,'
but we can say, the Lord [is] in this place and
we are sensible of it," and so concluded in
]iraise to the Lord. * * * He was sensible to
the last, helping himself, being but very little
trouble to the nurse, lenders, or those about
him, and seemed to waste Aviay gradually
wiihout much pain, and (or seven hours of his
last, was quiet and still; he drew his breath
lino and easy, only short, without sigh or
groan, (as could be perceived,) and departed
this life the 9th day of the month, about four
in the evening, and the 11th instant following.
his corpse was carried to the meeting house,
and af or many living testimonies to the truth
in which he lived and died, with mention of
several of his dying words, he was decently
aC(M)mpanied to the grave [by] many Friends
and others. * * * * j conQiuje
Thy loving and affectionate brother.
Joshua Wight.
(To be continued.)
The Feather Business.
The business done in New York city alone
in a single year is almost incredible, especially
when one C(msiders that plumes are only one
small unit among many unnecessary require-
ments of fashion. The f )rests and marshes of
the whole world contribute to a well stocked
feather emporium. Ostrich plumes, natural,
colored, made into a thousand different forms
of trimming, skilfully knotted and curled into
"willow feathers," or combined with other
species of plumage ; marabou, natural, or
adorned with trembling spangles ; peacock
skins and tails ; breasts of glossy grebe and
blue heron; delicate egrets; the iridescent
purple and green head and skin of the Im-
peyan pheasant; thousands of humming birds,
birds of paradise, red birds, birds green, black,
yellow, blue — of every conceivable tint and
mixture, are found here, each suggestive of
foreign lands and wild forest life.
The chief business in feathers is with ostrich
plumes, which are used for every variety of
purp' so. They come principally from South
Africa, although the long, soft Egyptian feather
known as the Mogador, is of a finer quality
than the "Cape" feather, and brings a higher
price. The Cape feathers are pur ■ white, often
tipped and streaked with a soft gray tint.
Some varieties are gray throughout and of
the mo^t delicate texture. Those from the
wild Egyptian bird are sometimes as long as
twenty-four inches, and the down on each par-
ticular spine is longer and thicker than on
those from the Cape. They are of pure white,
or of an almost invisible yellow tint. The
price per pound, which contains from eighty to
a hundred long feathers, runs as high as three
liundred dollars for the best qualities. There
is often a considerable quantity of guano and
other dirt, which must be carefully removed
by the manufacturer. Acids are used in cleans-
ing feathers, after which process they are
assorted and prepared for the market. The
thick quill is scraped with glass on the under
side until about half its substance is removed,
which leaves the feather soft and graceful from
stem to tip. Many are left in their natural
purity, or soft gray coloring, while others are
prepared in various tints to suit all tastes
The feather manufacturer uses mineral dj'es
adapted to the delicate nature of his plumes.
Cloth dyes should never be applied to valuable
plumes, as, however well the feather may ap-
pear at first, it is rotted, its natural gloss and
softness gone forever, and it reinains only a
sorrowful relic of its former splendor. A
feather once dipped in cloth dye soon wears
out and can never be renewed, while it may
be cleansed or dyed every season by a profes-
sional worker in feathers, and still retain its
brilliancy and valuable qualities for years.
Marabou, egret, and some other of the light,
airy plumes, are sold in quantity by the ounce,
and are worth from eight to sixteen dollars,
according to quality. Birds which are im-
ported whole, like humming-birds, birds of
paradise, and hundreds of more common vav'
eties, are reckoned by the dozen or hundred*!
Thousands of humming-birds are brought fron^
South America. The Indians shoot them witHi
blow-guns made from a small palm from whiel'l
the pith is removed, leaving a polished bore I
I he tiny birds are in this way stunned ancj.
captured without injury to their exquisit(i
plumage. They are rudely stuffed, the wing:
secured by a narrow strip of paper fasteiieo'
tightly around the body, and in this form thejll
reach the featiier manufacturer, who then
cures them with acids, arranges them artisti-|
call}' securing the wing open by means of fin«j
wires, and displays them, a gorgeous show oil
glistening color, in his cases. Neither humJ
ming-birds nor whole birds of any kind are as*
much in use as a few years ago, and it is to bejl
hoped the fickle changes of fashion will soonij
put an end to the wholesale slaughter of these ]
small denizens of the forest and meadow. (|
No plumage is of more service to the man-f
ufacturer than that of the peacock, whose)
magnificence has been called the "consummai
tion of art in feathers." Every feather on this!
noble bird is turned to some use; its long tail'
plumes, the tuft upon its lordly head, every
one of its glistening scales, are of value.— I
Harper. \
III (he Morning of Life.
" Oh, that we had hearkened to the com-1
mandments of the Lord, then our peace wouldj
have been as a river, and our righteousness as'
the waves of the sea." ■
How forcibly was this impressive languagoj
brought to my view, while meditating on the;
condition of the younger members of our reli-il
gious Society, as it is presented to our view ati
the present day, as we behold with sadness
the wide departures in many ways from tliat
ancient purity that was once so visible in the
lives of those young in years, in an earlier pe-
riod of this Society, when there was nothing
too near nor too dear for them to part with
for the cause of Truth, and to gain that peace
which the world cannot give neither take
away, but ever flows as a living stream into
the hearts of all the true followers of the
Lamb ; which was their strength in weakness,
riches in poverty, and a present help in every
needful time. Even amidst persecutions, and
while their parents were many of them in
prison for bearing precious testiinonies, they
fainted not, but were as bright and shining
lights, and faithful to their leader, in spread-
ing the precious cause of truth and righteous-
ness in the earth, still holding thoirnieetings
in the face of their persecutors; for they
chose rather to suffer aflliction with the peo-
ple of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin
for a season, esteeming the reproaches of
Christ greater riches than the treasures in
Egypt, for they had respect to the recompense
of reward.
But let us query thus with ourselves, and
3'ou with me, ray friends. How is it with us at
the present day? Do we feel the assurance of
that same unfailing Arm of power underneath
to sup])oit I Do we follow the same inshining
light I Y)o we experience his ways to be ways
of pleasantness, and all his paths to be paths
of peace! Do we take heed to the same small
voice in the soul, speaking as never man spake,
hut to deny ungodliness and the world's lusts,
and live soberly, righteously and godly in
this present world I Or do not some rather
endeavor to persuade themselves that these
THE FRIEND.
lOE
3 very small things, or say there is plenty
time yet to think of these things; go thy
ly lor this time, at a more convenient season
n'ill call for Thee. But, oh ! are there not
iny who can but mourn day afier day be-
use of these things, feeling that they have
I might of their owu to do any good thing
r themselves, or others ; yet for Zioii's sake,
ill they not rest, and for Jerusalem's sake
ey will not hold their peace, until the right-
usness thereof goes forth as brightness, and
e salvation thereof as a lamp that burneth.
at when shall we arise and shake ourselves
om the dust. Oh ! loose thyself from the
inds of thy neck, captive daughter of Z'
hen shall we aa
ine with mure bright
their sources
ses, showing to the world the pure fruits of
le Spirit as in the days of old and as in former
jars. Then shall we hearken to the com-
andraents of the Lord. Then our peace will
) as a river, and our righteousness as the
aves of the sea. J-
Iowa, 10th mo. 28th, 1878.
!■■ For " The Friend."
I Tlie rhcmistry of Plant Growth.
It is intended in the present article, to name
ime of the most important substances which
lants use in their growth, the manner in
rhich they are taken in as food, and the
jurees whence they may be derived. Modern
Ihemistr}' has revealed some of the mysteries
rhich hang around plant growth, while it
javes others still in the dark. It tells us that
he addition of cell to cell, under the influence
f the vital power, depends entirely on the
OSS ssion of certain elemenis, which have a
eflnite part to perform in the plant economy:
ome of them being universally distributed,
he necessary accompaniments of all vegeta-
ion, others being only adapted to the appe
ites of certain plants; some being taken in
rom the air, by the loaves, some from the soil
hrough the rootlets; ami that by the addi
ion to the soil of such necessary substances,
,s are lacking, the farme'r may vastly increase
he productions of his land.
The four elements of which the great part
if the vegetable, as well as the animal world,
s composed, are carbon, oxygen, hydroden,
md nitrogen. These united in an almost
mdless number of combinations, some very
limple, some exceedingly complex, form the
itarch of the potato, the gluten of the wheat,
,he woody fibre of the tree, the sugar of the
iane, and the various acids of the fruits, which
;ive them their diverse flavors. When vege-
'able fibre is burned, the ash forms but a very
imidl portion of the original substance, and
f^et but little has passed away with the escap-
ng gases but combinations of these four ele-
ments, and vegetable growth consists mainly
a heaping, one on another, their less than
microscopic particles. Every growing plant
is a laboratory, continually taking from the
soil and air the necessary elements, transform
ing them into its particular form of cell growth
and secreting them where needed. There are
no blunders made. The starch in the wheat
plant is not stopped in the stalk, but goes to
the grain. The apple always manufactures
malic acid, and not citric. The farmer places
his fertilizers in the ground, sure that if the
proper conditions are complied with, they
will find their way to the right spot.
Those elements constitute, then, by far the
most important constituents of plant food.
Let us consider thei
separately.
Thefir.stis Carbon. This is such a universal
accompaniment of life, tliat organic chemistry
is considered the chemistry of the carbon
compounds. In every p:irticle of vegetable
grovvth, is to be found one or more atims of
carbon. When wood is burned, with insufli-
cient access of air, the carbon remains, show-
ing all the rings and knots of the original
growth. This charcoal is about three-fourths
of the volume, and one-fourth of the weight,
of the wood used to make it. Charring of
vegetable substance is produced, by driving
off the more volatile part^ and leaving the
black carbon. This may be done by the ap-
plicaiion of heat, or by the action of some sub-
stance, as sulphuric acid, that will unite with
them. It is fortunate that a material so es-
ntial to plant growth, does not need to be
furnished by man. A bounteous supply is pro-
vided wherever the atmosphere penetrates,
which is continually renewed and forever
fresh. From the lungs of all animals, from
the chimney's of all burning fires, and from
all decay, there issues this carbon, combined
with ox^-geu, as an invisible gas. In this
combination, it is of no use to the plant. The
plant needs oxygen, but it obtains it from
other sources. It must then separate the
compound, appropriate the carbon, and si3nd
out the oxygen. This separation requires no
small amount of power. The bonds which
hold the molecule of carbonic acid together,
are not easily broken. When charcoal is
burned, the carbon particles rush to the oxy
gen particles of the air, and heat and light
accompany the union. Now this heat and
light, show us the exact amount of force necea-
sai-y again to break asunder the molecules of
the carbonic acid formed. Without noise,
without anj' manifestation ofpower, the leaves
of plants all over the earth, are using the force
of the sunlight to effect this decomposition,
are taking up the infinitesimal particles of
carbon, arid giving out the oxygen, to go again
on its errand to the lungs of the animal, there
to combine with carbon, which is of no use to
the higher life, and convey it to the plant.
The o.xygen particle is the carrier paying its
alternate visits to the animal and vegetable
life, and in its course removing the poisons
from one, and providing for the necessities of
the other. Every 10,000 volumes of air con-
tain about 4 volumes of carbonic acid, and the
two kinds of life preserve this proportion over
the globe. E.xperiments seem to show that
plants derive their carbon almost exclusively
from the air. When planted in soil destitute
of carbon, they flourish, but when fed with
air from which, carbonic acid is filtered out,
they pine away. It is evident therefore that
man can do nothing to supply this great need
of vegetable life. He may safely trust, that
natural causes will give all the carbon that
the leaves of his crop, acted on by the sun-
light, are capable of absorbing. But any oihei'
substance which causes a vigorous growth of
leaf tissue will increase the machinery of the
plant for appropriating this food from the air
Carbon in the form of carbonate of lime,
or limestone is entirely useless. The burning
in the lime kiln drives off all the carbonic
acid, and leaves the quick lime, which slowly
dissolves in the soil. Oyster and clam shells,
composed also of carbonate of lime, no matter
how finely ground, ar- "'- -■''—' "-' —
is extremely valuable on account of the phos-
phorus which is one of its ingredients.
Oxygen exists still more plenteously than
carbon. Ninety per cent, ot all green plants
is water, and of this eight-ninths is oxygen.
It is also an element ot starch, sugar and vege-
table compounds generally. This excessive
demand is met by an equally abundant sup-
ply. The free oxygen of the air is not availa-
ble, but the roots draw it up in connection with
almost all their nourishment. It is combined
with all but one of the known elements, with
some in many proportions. It constitutes a
i,rge proportion of all soil, and fertilizers ;
ven such hard rocks as limestone and flint,
contain about one-half their weight of this,
ts free state, light, transparent, mobile
gas. Man would find it difficult to add ferti-
lizers that were not largely made up of it.
He may therefore safely leave all care for it
also to the agencies of nature.
(To be continueLl.)
also without value
For "The Friend."
Fro-M a correspondent.
The accompanying extract taken from a
letter of John Barclay, written near the close
of his life, I have thought might be en-
couraging to some of the younger readers of
" The Friend," who may at times, with heavy
hearts, view the fast thinning ranks of the
fathers and mothers in the cliuroh, and the
seeming unfitness of those who must soon, in
all pro"bability, take their places. Words
like these, coming from one who lived so pure
and dedicated a life as dear J. B., may well
have weight, even with those of us who have
not his bnfjht and holy faith.
S. B. H.
I am cheerfully confident, that if tho.-ie,
to whom we somewhat look, as watchers,
IS seers, as standard-bearers, as counsellors,
ire removed, (and they are removing,) to
their rest, — or, if any of these that remain,
hould not keep their habitations firm and
undeviating, but turn aside in any respect
from the ancient testimony, — that He who
raised up such a people as we were at the
first, will never cease to raise up others, and
put forth some into the foreground— mto the
very seats of the unfaithful. I have seen it
wonderfully in my short day,— I have read
it of those that have gone before : and there-
fore, let none ever throw away their shield,
and weakly compromise the trust devolving
on them." _
Selecttd for " The Friend."
From Richard Shackieton to D. C.
Ballitore, 23rd of 9th rao., 1779.
I doubt not, but has his buftettings and
conflicts as well as other folk. The enemies
of our own houses watch their opportunity to
hurt and annoy us. The enemies of the cross
of Christ and of the discipline of the church,
wage and have waged long war with the
house of David ; but whether it be Scripture
or not, it is most true, that the Lamb and his
followers, will get the victory. Whoever
stands on the bottom and ground of Truth,
and keeps in the meek, innocent spirit, will
assuredly sooner or later prevail.
The continuance of our Christian Society,
as a light in the world, depends much on the
visited youth giving up all, surrendering at
discretion, without any capitulating, in order
to preserve this or that favorite object alive,
which ought to be slain. We have many
niile bono dust, containing but little carbon, half baked cake.s, flitting morning cloud
104
THE FRIEND.
momeutary early dews among us. All states
have thiir trials and temptation ^, and in
faithfulness or disobedience lies our increas-
ing strength or weakness. Little trivial cir-
cumstances of dress or other light matters
are presented by the enemy to young and
tender minds. The sure Fiiend and monitor
in their bosoms, dissuades from entering into
the temptation ; here the conflict begins, army
against army; the free agents have to make
the choice, which siandardthey will join, and
in this choice is involved their safety, their
preservation, and capacity for further growth
in holy stability and religious experience. In
their making a right choice, and in their dili-
gent waiting for renewed help to persevere in
that choice (through Divine mere}',) consi.sts
their happiness in time and in eternity.
Thy truly affectionate friend,
E. Shackleton.
From R. Shackleton to .
Ballitore, 1st of 8th mo., 1772.
I have a secret hope, thy little ones will
grow up to be a help and comfort to thee, and
Tu order that it may be so, and that the Lord
may delight to bless them, I doubt not but it
is thy solicitous care, to watch over the tender
jjlants, lest any budding of pride, or any
wrontr shoot spring up and frustrate the grac-
ious intentions of Heaven in any degree to-
wards them ; and carefully and assiduously
to nurture them up in that simplicity of man-
ners and appearance which Truth leads into.
Many parents, it is to be feared in our day,
have been deficient in the education of their
offspring; checking, hindering and prevent-
ing that which ought to be cultivated in them,
and cherishing, forwarding and encouraging
what ought to be rooted out and destroyed ;
and hence it comes to pass, that so little ten-
derness of spirit and amiable simplicity is to
be seen in our youth, and very little of a suc-
cession of testimony-bearers is in prospect.
One of the first temptations thrown in the
way of children afier the age of infancy, is a
little finery in dress, and the convictions of
grace remonstrating aguinst it being resisted,
the reproofs of that Divine Monitor, (thro igh
repeated resistance,) becomes less forcible,
less clear and less felt, and so disregarded too
much ; and hence for want of faithfulness in
the little, and in the early discoveries, there
is not a right growth experienced, but the
contrary prevails, and here is one great reason
that the city of our Father's sepulchrt'S lies
waste. I write not, as doubting thy care in
this respect; but may it be our care, more
and more, by example and precept, to train
up our children in the way they should go,
as the most probable means, with the Divine
blessing, of jjreventing their departure from it
in their riper years.
And if there should in our families, fall out
some exception to this general rule, yet we
shall have the comfort arising from a con-
scious sense that we have done all in our
power, and arc clear, in the sight of our great
Judge, the chief Shepherd, who committed
this little flock to our charge. And being
thus consciously careful concerning ourselves
and our own private families, we are drawn
farther to look over the more extensive fam-
ily of our religious Society, and as Truth grad-
ually opens our minds, and enlarges and sane
tifies our understanding-i, we may find it our
concern to speak a word in the church, and in
the families of our friends by way of discipline,
expressive of our own experience and feelings,
reviving in the remembrance of others, the
zeal and piety and christian care of our fore-
fathers, and magnifying and making honor-
able in their eyes, the laws and statutes, the
rules and minutes, and queries delivered down
to us. This branch of duty also, I doubt not
but thou hast looked at, but a contemplation
of the extent and weight of it, and the want
of helpmates in discipline, have much discour-
aged thee from putting a hand to it. I am
not for putting mj'self, nor any other, mire
forward in this, or any other religious service,
than the Master himself shall require, in whose
hands are gifts and qualifications, which alone
can edify His Church, and in whom alone, is
the right putting forth, and the times and
seasons for it; but there is in the Church a
form of discipline prescribed, and when, we
are atthesta ed times assembled, for the sup
port of it, having our own hands measurablj'
clean, and our eye single to Grod's honor, and
the welfare of our brethren and sisters, we
find a duty in these matters naturally devolv
ing and incumbent on us, as our reasonable
service, and as woe is to those who are called
to the ministry, if they preach not the gos-
pel, so also, woe is to those concerned in dis-
cipline if they do not faithfully and honestly
and assiduously support it. R. S.
Jesus Seen in Beith. — The only true light
in a dying chrimber is the light which comes
from "the Light of the World," "Jesus, the
ResurriCtion and the Life." "I see Thee! I
see Thee!" exclaimed a devoted Christian in
the dying hour. The eye of faith rested on
Jesus. It saw not death. O God, grant that
in my dying hour I may see Jesus, and never
see death I
THE FRIEND.
ELEVEXrH MONTH
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — The weather report for Tenth
month, gives the mean temperature 58.1 degrees —
which is nearly one degree higher than the same month
in either of the preceding seven years ; and more than
three degrees above the average of the past eight years.
The total rainfall was 2.04 inches. Maximum velocity
of wind 75 miles per hour, on the morning of the 2.3rd,
during the great storm. At Cape Henry during the
same hurricane, the wind attained a velocity of 84 miles,
and the damage along this portion of the coast, especial-
ly to the life saving stations, is reported to have been
heavy.
Telegrams from the South announce that quarantine
at Montgomery and Mobile .igainst New Orleans travel,
is raised. Through lines to New Orleans have com-
menced running. It is not however considered prudent
for refugees from the cities to return to them.
The annual report of the Patent Office shows 19,657
original applications were received, and 14,100 new
patents issued. There were 072 reissues, and 722
patents granted for designs, and 2737 caveats were filed.
The total receipts of the office were $734,888, and the
total expenditures $665,906. Of the amount expended
S50,000 was for the restoration of models injured by the
tire last year ; 1505 trade marks were registered, against
938 the previous year.
The total coinage of the United States Mints during
last month was j6,625,400, including 2,070,000 standard
dollars.
The public debt statement for Tenth month, shows a
decrease of §1,708,402. The payments made from the
Treasury during same perioif were, on account of civil
and mis,vll:,n ,.:,-. i-,,-,:;o,xi I.C!) ; w:,r, ?.-,,] 74,639.77 ;
navy, SI-'- ::"."- ii):.ii..r lihliiui- md Pensions),
#1,260,^7; ; ' I. .1^1 -I ;, ■_■".;, ^. ;,.;,;: 1 1,,- does not, in-
clude p.-iv Ml - ill hir Oil :i,;oMiini uf ilic iiilcrcstor prin-
cipal of the public debt.
An instance of quick despatch in unloading a\\\ \
loading a large steamship, was the case of the ( iiy
Bristol — she arrived at this port from Liverpool on t
2Bth ult., and cleared for the same port on the :'>nili.
The British Empire took out recently, perhup- t
largest cargo ever shipped from this city. Araun^ ;,
articles composing it were 7000 barrels of flour, Im
bafes of cotton, 2000 barrels of apples, 1000 tier. . -
lard, and 1400 boxes of bacon. The whole was v:ilui r
at $256,000. The exports of grain from Philadelpli j
this year, in common with the other ports, has wnii.le
fully increased. The amount to 10th mo. 25tli, .v: |
nearly 25,000,000 bushels wheat and corn. La>t \ e; ;
to same date it was about 10,000,000 bushels ; o:!,iiih) j
000 gallons of petroleum have been exported ilmin
the year, against 39,000,000 the same period la-t y a
The imports during 9th mo. 1878, were over $4ihi,i)iJ
excess of same month last year.
The numiier of interments in this city for the \\>-i'
ending on the 2nd inst., was 2S6. Of this numlni- 1
died of consumption, 13 of old age, diphtheria lU, ;in
scarlet fever 14.
Markets, .fee— Gold lOOf. U. S. sixes 1881, 108|
5's, 105 J ; 4.V per cents, registered, 104J^ ; do. coupoi
104^ 4 per cents, IW\.
Cotton, 9j a 9J cts. per pound for uplands and Ne\
Orleans.
Flour.— Market dull. Minnesota and Penna. extrj
-4.-50 a $4.75 ; patent and other high grades, $5.75 .
$6.50. Rye flour, Ti3 per bbf. Corn meal, -2.65.
Grain.— Ked wheat, $1 a $1.03 ; amber, $1.03 a $1.04
hite, si. 03 a $1.05. Rye, 50 a 57 cts. Corn, 46
cts. Oats, 25 a 31 cts. per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts., pet
pounds; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. Straw, 65 a 75 cts.
Beef cattle were a fraction higher, 2700 head soft
from 2J- to 5J cts. per pound, as to quafity. Hogs, 4
5| cts. per pound. Sheep, 4 a 5 cts., as to quality
Laiub-i, good, 5 a h\ cts. per pound, common, $2 a $2.7
per head.
Foreign. — In London silver is quoted at oOJ^d. pei
ounce. At this quotation the new silver dollar is wortt
85i cts. in gold value.
The English papers speak of the course being pu
sued by the United States Government in reference I
the Canadian Fishery Award, as unfriendly. The Paii
Mall Gazelle says : " All the world can see that we have
on our hands just now quite as much as we can well
deal with, and a really friendly Power, with a griev-
ance like that, whilst holding to its position, would re-
frain from casting the matter in an irritating way be-
fore the public until our affiiirs had assumed a more
peacefuf aspect."
On the night of the 1st inst., a fire occurred at May-
nooth College, in the county of Kildare, which destroyed
both wings, and slightly damaged tiie library. The
foss is estimated at $50,0"00. The students fose "aff their
per.sonaf property.
The subscriptions in Paris for the refief of j'ellow
fever sufferers in the United States, amounted to $24,000.
During the first eight months of this year, the niiiu-
ber of arrivals in Paris by rail amounted to 13,820,315.
It is said the captive balloon at the Exposition, had
made 748 .ascensions, taking up 24,604 passengers, while
250,300 persons paid the admission fee to the space
beneath. The receipts amounted to $128,626.20
According to the last report to the Minister of Public J
Instruction, there are 21 public libraries in Paris, open
to all. The largest is the National, with over 500,000 !
volumes.
The original estim.ate for the construction of the St. *
Gothard tunnel was £7,500,000. It has since been as--
certained that the cost of construction will exceed eleven \
millions sterling. Plans for raising Switzerland's por-
tion of the deficiency is now agitating the country.
An international exhibition is to be held in Mel-
bourne, Australia, in 1880. Parliament has granted ^
$350,000 for the erection of the buildings.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Fraiilc/ord, .(2'wenty-tliird Ward,) Pliiladdphia.
Physician and Superintendent — JohnC. Hall, M. D.
Applications for the Admission of Patients m.iy be
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board of
Managers.
Died, at his residence, on the 27th of 10th mo. 1878,
Joseph R. Cheyney, in the 71st ye.ar of his age, an
esteemed member and overseer of Birmingham Monthly i
Meeting, Pa. J
WILLIAM II. PILE, PRINTER, I
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTII-DAY, KLEVENTII MONTH IG, 1878.
NO. 14.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
rice, if paid in advance, §2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on tho.'iesent by mail.
Jo^^f s. STOKES,
AT so. 116 s'ORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For
'The Friend.'
Incidents and Roflections.— So. il.
E.XERCISE OF F.\ITH.
lly Bray thus describes his hibors in the
the
ft of
reclion of places for worshi
lornwall in which he lived : —
"In the neis^hborhood where I lived there
?ere a great naany dark-minded, wicked peo-
lo, and chapels were few. The Lord put it
ito tny mind to build a chapel. My mothei-
ad a small place; and by one of her little
olds there was a small piece of common,
'he Lord opened my mother's heart to give
spot on that piece of common to build on.
Vhen ray mother gave me the ground, I be-
;an to work as the dear Lord told me, and to
ake away the hedge of ray mother's field, and
o dig out the foundation for a chapel, or a
ouse to worship God in, which was to be
jailed Selhel. Manj' will have to bless God
)r ever that Bethel Chapel was built, for
tiany are in heaven already that were born
bere. In that day there was but one little
■bapcl in our neighborhood, at a place called
J'welveheads, which belonged to the Wes-
ayans. Our people hud a little old house to
ireach in, which would hold only twenty or
hirty persons. So we wanted a place to
■reach in, and the people a place to hear in.
*aul had a thorn in the flesh, and so had L
1 had not onlj' the wicked against me;
ut a little class which was held in the house
?hero we preached; most of them turned
gainst me, and ti'icd to set the preachers
gainst me. But with all they could do, they
puld not hurl mo, though they made mo un-
asy at times. I went to work, and raised
tone, and got mortar, and set the masons to
fork. And the dear Lord helped me, for I
iras very poor, and had no money of raj- own.
!ut the dear Lord raised me up friends, who
ent me money to pay the masons; we got
he chapel walls up, and timber for the roof;
nd then got it sawed and put up. But we
ad not timber enough bj' one principal; and
asked my Heaveulj' Father to send me some
imber, or money to buy some. That morn
]g there was a Wesle^'an local preacher home
aying ; the Lord said to him while he was
I his knees, ' Go down and give William
>ray a pound note.' At that time there wert
©sovereigns; there were one pound notes
rawn on the banks. After he had taken his
reakfast ho came down to me by the chapel,
nd said to me, ' What do you want a pound
note for?' and I replied, ' To bu}' timber to [sheaves, lie told mo he had, and that it was
put a principal up on ihat end of the chapel.' £2 for a hundred. So 1 told the farmer to
He said he never felt such a thing in all h
life, ' for while I was home praj'ing this morn-
'ng it was always coming into my mind to go
down and give you a pound note, and here it
.' So 1 had the note, went to Truro, bought
principal, put it up on the chapel, and there
it is to this day. When the timber was on
the chapel, I went round, and got two pounds
towards covering the chapel. At that time
we had young children, and the youngest of
them was taken very ill. When my little
maid was taken ill, Satan tempted me that it
ould take seven pounds to cover the chapel,
and I had but two pounds; and our little one
Id die, and it would take one pound to
burj^ her, and then 1 should have biit one
pound left. The devil tempted me verj' much
on that point ; for if 1 wanted it I had a right
to take it, for the dear Lord and ' me' in this
place kept but one purse f and I paid anj'
money that I earned at mine to the chapel,
when I wanted it. So I had but one to give
my account to, and that was the dear Lord,
the ver^' best comrade that man can over have.
So the devil tempted me that the child would
lie. While I was thus sore tempted, it came
nto my iTiind that I should be paid for build-
ng this chapel, and it was applied to me,
Because thou hast built this chapel, I will
save thy child's life. And I said, ' Whore is
this coming from ?' And it was said to me,
I am the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob,
bo nothing doubting, it is I, saith the Lord;'
vnd I believed it; and it was so. When 1
went home I told my wife that the child
would not die, for the Lord had t jld me so.
She replied, ' Don't say so ; for all the neigh-
bors say she will die, she is so very ill.' I
then went to the mine to work ; when I came
home tho child was not any better, and harl
not eaten any meat. On that night the child
was very ill; and got no better all the fore-
noon of the next day. She was very ill when
I came home to dinner. That day I was after-
noon 'core' at the mine. We knelt down to
pray ; the child was lying in the window-seat ;
we had for dinner what was very plentiful at
that time, fish and potatoes ; and in my prayer
I said, ' Dear Lord, thou hast said that my
child shall live, but she has not eaten any
meat yet.' And she began to eat meat there
and then. She is living now, and is tho mother
of ten children ; so tho Lord made the devil a
liar once more. The devil did not do me any
hurt ; ho only made mo bolder. 1 had only-
two pounds ; and tho cost would be seven
pounds by the time the roof was on. I bor-
rowed a horse, and rode ten or twelve miles
from where I lived, up among the farmers,
and asked one of them whether ho had any
reed to sell, for I wanted three hundred
* This expression may be misunderstood without an
explanation. He freely used his own money, when he
had any, but what was given him for the Lord's cause
was sacredly appropriated.
bring three hundred sheaves to me as soon as
he could, and some speurs for them. But I
did not tell him that I had only two ])ound8.
He brought down one hundred first, and some
spears. 1 had threo jiounds when he came;
so 1 paid him for the hundred of reed, and the
spears; and had a few shillings left. I asked
the farmer to bring down tho rest of the reed
as soon as ho could ; hut didn't toll him 1 had
not money to pay for it. And it wasn't neces-
sary that I should, for by the time the other
two hundred sheaves were sent a friend gave
mo money to pay for it. Then I pat a man
to work to cover tho roof, and that would cost
one pound ten shillings with a little other
work besides ; and when the man came to bo
paid I had but one pound; so I wanted ten
shillings more. The Lord put it into my
mind to go into a high road near where a
great many people wont up and down to work;
and the fir.st man I met was P. B. I said to
him, ' You have not given me anj'thing yet
towards my Father's house.' And he said,
No; nor do I intend to.' I replied, 'What,
re you "aniind" for the Lord to say to you in
that day. You saw mo a hungered, and gave
.! no meal ; thirsty, and yo gave me no drink ;
stranger, and ye took me not in ; naked,
and ye clothed me not ?' And he said, ' Well,
I don't mind if I do give you ten shillings.'
I said, ' That is just the money I want.' So
ho gave me the ton shillings; and I went
home and paid tho thatcher.
"After that 1 wanted timber for tho door
;nd windows and forms. A mine had lately
stopped ; and they were selling off" the timber.
There was a bargain in timber, for one pound
shiUings; but I had not money to buy it.
To a friend who asked mo whether I had been
to tho mine, and bought any timber, I said I
had not, because I had no money. Then ho
gave me one pound, and with that and some
other sums the Lord sent me from other
places I was able to buy what I wanted. As
the timber had to be brought home to the
dear Lord's house, I wanted a horse and cart.
One of our neighbors had a horse, but he said
she would notdraw anything. I asked him
to lend her to me. Ho told me I might have
her, but she would not draw ; but I took the
mare and put her in the cart, and brought tho
timber home. I never saw a better horse in
my life ; I did not touch her with whip or
stick, though we had steep hills to come up
over. When 1 took back tho mare, and told
my neighbor, ' I never saw a better mare,' he
said, ' I never saw such a thing; sho will not
draw with any one else.' That mare was
working that day for a very strong company,
Father, Son, and Holy Ghost ; horses, angels,
men, and devils must obey them. If there
had been no one there more powerful than
Billy Bray, she would have been as bad wit'i
him as with anybody eUe. But, bless and
praise tho name of tho dear Lord, Ho said.
lOG
THE FRIEND.
' The horse shall work, for the timber is to
sent my house;' and wiiat the dear Lord says
siiail bo obeyed.
"I wont oil and finished the chapel. Then
some oi' them said, ' -Now your chapel is done,
you shall not have preaching there.' When
they said that, I locked up the chapel door,
and carried the key home, and hung it to a
nail behind the door. 1 said, ' Lord, there is
the key; I have done what Thou hast told
me to do ; the chapel is built, and there is the
key; -if it is Thy will the key should stay
there seven years, or that it should be taken
down every minute in the day. Thy will be
done, my dear Lord.' That very day our
preacher appointed services at the now chapel
even more frequently than I should have
asked had I been present."
Tiie UlicmistiT of Plant llrowtli.
(ContiQueil from page 103.)
The same may bo said of Hydrogen. This
lightest of all gases exists in water, combined
with half its volume of oxygen. The necessity
of water to plant growth needs no proof. Not
all its value, however, depends on the use
made of it directly- by the vegetable. It dis
solves various inorganic consiituents of tin
soil, and puts thorn in a condition to be ab
sorbed by the rootlets, and carried up in thi
sap. The plant thus fed becomes bettor anc
better fitted to imbibe other nourishment
from the air which in decay is partly retui'oed
to the soil. Hence a rainy season so far from
exhausting the soil, is really a cause of a per-
manent increase of its richness, unless the
farm products arc sold off the farm without
any adequate return iu the shape of ferti'
izers.
"We now come to Nitrogen, the only one of
the four elements which it is necessary and
practicable that man bo careful to supply in
largo quantities to his growing crops. I''or
though it exists in unlimited quantities in the
air, in a free unconibiiied state, the following
experiment, repeated several times by Eng-
lish and Gorman chemists, seems to show
that, in this state, it can not be used by tiio
plant : A seed was carefully analyzed and th
amount of nitrogen in it accurately detei
mined; a similar seed was planted in a soi
from which all substances containing nilroge
were excluded. The air with which it was
brought into contact was deprived of all
gases, such as ammonia, that contained nitro-
gen chemically combined with other sub-
stances, while possessing its full proportion
(about four-fifths) of the free nitrogen which
always exists in the air. After the ])lant had
grown it was analyzed, when it was found
that the contained nitrogen was exactly the
same as that previously determined in the
seed ; thus showing that while it had used all
the nitrogen of the seed, it could not assimi-
late the uncombincd nitrogen that existed in
such profusion in the air. Whenever, then, a
nitrogenous substance is decomposed, and the
nitrogen given off into the air, it seems pro-
bable that It is lost as plant food. It certainly
is, unless there are natural causes iu opera-
tion which induce the nitrogen to combine
chemically with the oxygen, and thereby
again become available. " The electricity in
the atmosphere does produce this comhination
in a slight degree, as nitric acid is found to bo
more abundant in the air after thundorstornis.
It is also claimed that there is sufficient elec-
trical action continually going on between a
growing plant and the atmosphere, to effect
this union. But all of (his seems inadequate
to compensate for the ainiiuntul' free nitrogen
that is poured forth into it. All decay of
animal and vegetable substancos, under cir-
cumstances where the nitrogenous gases are
not retained, is an occasion of loss. The im
menso amount of drainage that is daily swept
into the sea from the large cities all over the
earth, involves a tremendous waste of ni-
trogen— a waste that will not be recovered
for a long time, if at all. The explosive force
of gun-powder is due to the sudden formation
of gases, which take up several hundred times
the volume of the original powder. One of
these is nitrogen, derived from nitre, one of
the constituents. This goes to swell the vast
amount of nitrogen in the air, useless as plant
food. Here we may then derive an economic
argument against war. If the nitrogen lost,
perhaps forever lost in a great battle, had
been applied to the sustenance of vegetable
growth, there would have been food enough
produced to have maintained for a long time,
all the victims of the battle fieUI. The old
method of warfare by sword and battle-axe,
involved no such waste. But the civilization
of the present, applied to the barbarous cus
tom, robs the future of its means of suutenaneo,
diminishes the food supply of the earth, and
is thus indirectly responsible for famine and
want.
It should be stated in this connection, that
a French chemist, Basset, claims to have dis-
covered a method of manufacturing ammonia,
by combining hydrogen with the free nitrogen
of the air. If this is to be relied upon, this
most costly portion of plant food may be sup
plied in inexhaustible quantities and at s
trifling cost. Worn out fields may be resup
plied with a most indispensable element, and
their yield increased almost indefinitely.
The sources of nitrogen adapted to the use
of vegetables, are ammonia, and combinatio
with various bases in the forms of nitrates.
These are largely supplied by the manure
from barn yards, and give to this article the
greater portion, though not all of its value
Ammonia chemically belongs to the class of
bases, but is so weak that almost any other
base may drive it away, llence if lime and
barn-yard manure arc added to the soil at the
same time, the effect is to expel the ammonia
into the air, and thus lose it. This may be
proven by mixing lime iu a vessel with mois-
tened manure, when the odor of ammonia is
usually distinctly perceptible. Plaster, which
is sulphate of lime, has an entirely different
effect, tending rather to retain the ammonia,
by effecting a combination as sulphate of am-
monia, which is dissolved in the soil.
Another source of nitrogen is nitrate of
soda, or Chili saltpetre. 'This is found in
large quantities on the western coast of South
America, and is supposed to be due to the de-
composition of immense masses of sea- weed,
which have been washed on shore in geologic
times, by storms. Jt contains about 14 per
cent, of nitrogen. It is largely exported,
pai-tly for use as a fertilizer, principally as
the material from which saltpetre is manu-
factured, and is not very expensive.
llence, with the exception of nitrogen, the
supply to grovving vegetation of the four great
organic elements will take care of itself; the
carbon coming from the carbonic acid, always
n the air, the hydrogen from the water, which
cannot be supplied in large quantities by mai|
and the oxygen in combination with almo:{
every thing which the roots draw up. Tlion
remain yet to be considered, certain Ihd
ganic elements, more or less widely dilVu-ic-
through the vegetable kingdom.
For "The Fiir,,,!.'
Some Mcmoraiitla of the Massey Family.
(Continued fvom pngo 102.)
There is something very touching in tl
account of a dear child, early gathered to \
Heavenly home, drawn up by Thomas VVigh
An Account of Joseph Massey, son of Joseph an\
Eleanor Massey, of Bandon, Ireland. |
Ho was born the 13th of 7th mo. 170'
From his cradle he was observed to be a lov(
ly plant, and more than ordinary, subject t
the words of his parents. * * When h
came to know between good and evil, he wa
ready to do the good and refuse the evi
When instructed thereunto, very forward h
was to learn his books; and when attainej
to read in the bible or other religious booki
he was inquisitive to be informed about sucl
things as started in his mind from thencf
not usual with children so young ; and wouli
be speaking of God and Heaven ; and some
times in the school, would utter verj' notabl
expressions which would cause his school
mates to admii'o [at] it, and speak of it a
never to have heard the like from one sJ
young. When ho was about five years old
being in a meeting at Bandon, where a Friom
was preaching, something that was said, reach
ed his heart [so] that he was broken inlc
many tears ; after the meeting was over, i
cousin of his asked him what made him ti
weep ; he said ho was crying to his Make;
for his sins ; " for," ho said, " if I don't cry ti
Maker for my sins. He will not forgive mj
sins." Note the reason understood for hi;
using the word Maker, instead of God, wat
out of fear of taking God's name in vain, ir
comjiliancc with the "jth commandment; sucl
was his reverent regard thereto. Severa
times after that, ho was observed to bo ton
dered in meetings in that town.
When his mother removed to dwell in Om-k
and put him to school there (as his mannei
was at Bandon to rejirove his school-fellowE
for speaking bad words, and which they took
in good part), he used the same libertj' in
Cork ; for which, some of the scholars de-
rided and mocked him, which so troubled his
mind, that he spoke of it to his mother; foi
he was apt to take notice of old or young,
that would speak, or do anything that he
thought was amiss.
In his seventh year, ho sickened with the
smallpox ; in which time, words dropped from
him (and not only then, but some time before)
as from one sensible of his latter end. He
would often be relating one passage or another
which he had heard or read concerning God
or Jesus Christ; as, once he said, " The foar
of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom."
Another time, "a liar is an abomination to
the Lord." Once he prayed to the Lord to
deliver him from evil. Another time said,
"The Lord knows my misery," repeating it
again and again. And added, "The Loni pre-
serve me.'' He also said over the Ten Com-
mandments and tho Lord's Prayer.
Two days before he died, he said to his
mother, "1 am going out of this world into
Eternal Glory — into Etornal Glory." Before
THE FRIEND.
07
le died, ho of himself sat up in the bed an
pas heard by the nurse and his mother to
oaiie a melody to himself; from which his
QOther said, she thought he had received an
aruest of a future glory and said to him,
My dear, what pretty song was that thou
fast singing." At which words, he cm-
raced her with his arms and said, " Oh ! mj'
ear mother!" and blessed her, and laid him-
elf down. After which a hoarseness and
traitness took him off from his speech except
single word or two now and then. But in
he remainder of his time notwithstanding
he malignity of his distemper, he kept in
atience till he died, being next morning ;
;aving a blessed pattern and example for all
oung children and others to follow; that
lieir latter end may be like his, and that thej'
lay receive an earnest of that future glory
?hich he did, before they go hence, and be
een of men no more.
He died the second day of the Sixth month,
714, not fully seven years old.
Thomas Wight.
The certificates of character and station
?ith which Friends were furnished in those
arlj- days, when i-emoving to another place
f residence, are much fuller in their state-
lents, and must -have furnished much more
nformalion to those to whom they were sent,
han the very condensed forms which are now
n use. This is shown by the following.
lertificates of Samuel and Sarah Massey from
the Meeting of Cork, Ireland, to the Meeting
of Philadelphia.
From the Men's Meeting of Cork, in Ireland,
7th Fifth month, 1710, to our beloved Friends
n the Province of Pennsylvania or elsewhere:
chere this may come. Whereas Samuel Mas-
ey the bearer hereof, one of our Men's Meet-
ng, by occupation a tallow chandler and soap
)oiler, having had inclinations for several
'ears past (as he informs us) to settle in
Pennsylvania, and finding the same to con-
inue with him, concludes, if the Lord per-
nit, to proceed in it. In order to it (as an
ipportunity is like soon to present) he desires
I Certificate, as in such cases are usual, and
le being asked the question, informs us that
lis going will be clear in respect to debts
5o, as Friends have understood his mind be
"ore, about two years past, and discoursed
lim now* what seems needful, have thought
it to leave him to his liberty. The cl
notlve represented to us for his remove is,
,he want of trade to answer the great rents
lere and charges of his family, which he
lopcs will be easier to him in that country
s industrious and careful and his conversa
,ion orderly : having a wife and five children
Desides servants. So, desiring all thei
Fare, conclude with the salutation of our dear
love to Friends.
Your friends and brethren, 18th Seventh
month, 1710.
George Griffith, Samuel Randall,
Joseph Pike, Kichard Pike,
Bbenezer Pike, Robert Pollock,
Walter Phillips, William Allen,
Tho. Wight, and several others.
At our Three Weeks' Men's Meeting in
Cork, 28th Third month, 1711, upon the sor-
roVful news of the above, Samuel Massey and
family being taken by the French, whorebj'
as he writes from Antigua, he was deprived of
his certificate and desiring the copy thereof
to be sent him ; we the undernamed do cer-
tify that the above is a copy of the original,
delivered the said Samuel Mas.sey the ISth
7th month past.
Signed in behalf of the said Meeting,
Joseph Pike, George Griffith,
John Dennis, Joseph Forn,
Tho. Wight.
Certificate of Sarah Massey. From Cork, 1710.
From our Womans' Meeting in Cork in
Ireland, the 18ih of the 7th mo. 1710. To
our well beloved Fi-iends and sisters in Phila-
delphia in Pennsylvania or elsewhere. These
are to certify that the bearer hereof our well
beloved Friend Sarah Massey, wife of Samuel
Masse}' and daughter of our Friend Thomas
Wight, of Cork, having intentions of going to
America with her husband and lender babes,
and being one of a blameless life and conversa-
tion and a member of our Womans' Meeting
many years, and one whom we are loath to
pait with, but that her husband's inclinations,
bending much for those parts, it can't well be
otherwise, we therefore let you know that
she is one who is in tho true love and unity
with us, and accordingly do recommend hor
to your notice as such ; desiring and hoping
no other, but that her conduct and example
with you there, may bespeak the same; so
dear Friends in the same true love and bond
of unity, wherein our holy fellowship in the
Truth stands, we dearly saluto you, and bid
you farewell in the Ijord.
Signed in behalf of the above meeting, by
your loving Friends.
customs! And sco that you be mindful in
coming to meeting, the week-days as well as
the First-days, and also meetings of business,
d remember you wore not made to servo
3'ourselves only, but to do some good in your
da}', age, and generation, according to your
several abilities. And if it please the Lord
■'to bless you with outward things, be not
■fted up with them, but be ye the more hum-
ble, for riches have wings and they flee away.
Remember the advice of our blessed Lord
which was, "Labor not for the bread \yhich
perisheth but for that which will endure."
I have little of this world to leave you, but
yet have made a will, and if there bo any-
thing, I have left it amongst you, and I de-
sire you may not ha as strangers to ono
another, when I am dead and gone, but live
"ove and remember what your blessed Lord
said, " By this shall men know that ye are
my disciples, if you love ono another." So
to Him who is able to preserve you, and keep
you from falling, do I recommend and commit
you, desiring you may so walk, as becomes
your holy profession, that when day and time
in this world shall be no more, you may have
a ))lace and an inheritance amongst the sanc-
tified, through Christ Jesus, which is tho
earnest desire and prayer of your concerned
md affectionate mother,
Sarah Massey.
ng r
Elizabeth Pike, Jane Morris,
Frances Grittilh, Martha Devonsher,
Sarah Devonsher, Rebecca Randall,
Mary Sleigh, Elizabeth Allen,
Sarah Fenn, Jane Whoddon,
Susanna Wight, and others.
Aletterof advice, written by Sarah Massey
to her children shortly before her decease
has been preserved, and is subjoined.
The adoice of Sarah Massey to her children
some little time before her death in 1742.
This is for you, my children, Sarah, Wight,
and Mary,* 1 not knowing how short my
time may be, nor how I may be favored with
opportunity' (many being taken away sud-
denly) it seems to rest upon my mind to leave
these few lines with you as tliou'j:!! it were
mj' last words.
I hope 1 need not say unto you as unto
children (you being all arrived to years of
understanding) to know your duty, both to
God and man, and now that which is required
of you is, to walk answerable to what tho
Lord has been pleased to make known unto
you in tho secrets of your own hearts.
However, that which I recommend to j'ou
is, fear and serve God, and let him be obeyed
by you in all things, so that you may expect
a blessing to attend your undertakings ; be
just in your dealings; true to your words;
"however, bo not forward to promise, but when
you have, endeavor to perform to the utmost,
so that the truth may not be evil spoken in
your behalf; and you that have children, see
that you discharge a good conscience towards
them ; do not indulge wrong things in them ;
but be good examples to them in all things,
both in plainness of apparel and plainness of
speech, and although some make light of it,
yet how deeply have mauj- of our worthy
elders suffered for it, and many other vain
* Married to T>avid Ferris in ITS-i.
Biblf Distribulioii in riiiiia.
BY J. TIIORNE.
In some places, the streets will not allow a
moment's stoppage of traffic. To raise a crowd
is only too easy in almost any place, but in a
frequented street it is hazardous, and the least
tendency is met by counter cries to " move
on." The man who carries a cup of oil or
piece of bean curd, in his hand, becomes as
uproarious as the coolie bending under two
immense pails of water. All want their own
way, and the correct policy is to bend to the
wishes of the people. The only way to make
known to every one what you have to dispose
of is to speak out, as loud as you can, " Tho
Glad Tidings!" so that shopkeepers on both
sides of you may understand, as well as the
passenger who jostles your elbow. If a per-
.son stops you, tell him to move along with
3'ou, and thus inform him of tho books and
price. The counting out of the '-cash" is the
only hindrance to free locomotion, and it is
sometimes laughable to see the deliberation in
which one "cash" after another is dropped
into the palm of your hand, and as carefully
counted, while the human tide is beginning to
boil up and surge round you most threaten-
ngly. Any one who has tried to stop or stem
the current of life on the sidewalk of a large
city at home, has only a faint idea of what
happens here in China. To get out of this
current into an eddy, or open space, where
traffic may go on unimpeded though you maj''
have hundreds closing around you, has its
advantages and disadvantages. One advant-
age is, that the crowd will know all about
you, and what you have for them ; but the
intending purchasers on the outskirts of tho
crowd are prevented from offering their cash,
or they do not feel that direct interest the
speaker is trying in every way to excite. I
have found it of advantage to retrace my
steps after walking for miles. There are al-
ways people on the lookout for "the book,"
waiting this chance. Men, women, and chil-
108
THE FRIEND.
(Iren frequently have been met in this man
ner, with their cliange ready in hami.
From what had been told nie at Nanking
1 was led to expect that the Chinese were
i;;cnerally respectful to foreigners, Nanking
Chinese having the name of being particularly
ill-mannered; I was not therefore prepared
for the storm of abuse I received at some of
the canal villages. I am something of an old
stager in China travel, both in the north and
in the south ; but never until now have I had
small boys and infants thrown against ray
legs, and pushed in ray way, hurled forward
by unruly masses of young and old — "sons of
Eelial," shall we say? At one place I was so
served,^ besides being hooted and j-elled at
from one end of the street to the other. I
believe at one time the flesh was weak enough
to feel the pressure, and 1 lost my command
over the crowd, and when that is gone, good-
bye to all comfort ! They set upon me to tri]3
mo up, and used the small fry as projectiles.
1 walked on as quietly' as I could, assuming
the while that [ was free as the air, whatever
I may have felt. I stopped at a shoemaker's
stall at his invitation, and he rose from hi>
bench to get me ton "cash," the crowd bein^
momentarily bushed by the incident, and the
shoemaker unaware of any row, so narrow
and so close, so twisting and turning are
Chinese streets, and the trouble being all be
hind me. This break allowed me a breathing
spell, and from the extreme limit of my weak
iiess I was made strong again, and felt I waf
])crmitted to receive all the protection I
craved. Leaving the bootmaker bowing ove
Ilia new treasure, I turned to walk ahead
again, when again the crowd became riotous
Entering something like a fishmarket at this
juncture, the boys that were pushed against
mo came to grief. One tumbled over cryin_
I picked him up, and while doing that another
bounced off of me into a tub of fish! The
market men were now up in arms. Here I
fortunately caught the ringleader, and twist-
ing him around in front of me I toM him
plainly before the fish dealers my opinion of
him, then ordering him off, gave him a shove
back. The fish men took my part, and
another minute I was walking indeed, as free
as air I
It is like pouring oil on the raging sea to
turn and face a crowd of men and boys — the
scum even, it may be, of a city— and tell them
firmly and quietly why you come to their
place, showing them plainly the "Book" so
they can read its title, and telling them simply,
so that they can understand, the story of
Jesus. Then all is plain ; for if God is with
us, who can be against us ? — Bible Soc. Record.
d ]irom;
II.— ,SV/f,
i Mist
jt to bu}' an}'
The old minute-books of the Society's meet
ings for discipline, present some curious in-
stances of the zeal of our early Friends; their
care of the poor, and their anxiety to carry
into every-day practice, the principles of our
religious profession. One entry, of the date
of about 167-1, would in the present day, it is
certain, if the principle were acted on, render
many of our members subject to dealing.
Margaret Fell and Deborah Sulthouse were
appointed to visit a female member for the
selling of lace, which the minute states to be
needless, and Friends cannot own her in it,
nor the covetous spirit which sells it for ad!-
vantage. At the ensuing meeting the matter
was cleared up by the visitors declaring th;it
the delinquent -was broken and tender, and 'of
LITTLE BY LITTLE.
" Little by little," the temijter said,
As a dark and cunning snare he spread
For tlie young, unwary feet.
" Little by little, and day by day,
I will tempt the careless sonl away,
Until the ruin is complete."
" Little by little," sure and slow.
We fashion our future bliss or woe,
As the present passes away.
Our feet are climbing the stairway bright
Up to the regions of endless light,
Or gliding downward into the night,
'■ Liltle by little, day by day."
— Early Dew.
Selected.
TIRED MOTHERS.
A liltle elbow leans upon your knee —
Your tired knee that h.as so much to be.ar—
A child's dear eyes are looking lovingly
From underneath a thatch of tangled hair.
Perhaps you do not heed the velvet touch
Of warm, moist fingers holding yours so tight
You do not prize the blessings overmuch —
Yon almost are too tired to pray to-night.
But it is blessedne.ss 1 A year ago
I did not see it as I do to-day—
We are so dull and thankless, and too slow
To catch the sunshine till it slips away.
And now it seems surpassing strange to me
That while I wore the badge of motherhood,
I did not kiss more oft and tenderly
The little child that brought me only good.
And if, some night, when you sit down to rest.
You miss the elbow on yonr tired knee —
This restless curly head from off your breast
This lisping tongue that ohntters constantly;
If from your own the dinijilrd liands had slipped,
And ne'er would nestle in vour palm again.
If the white feet into the grave had u-iiiped—
I could not blame you for your lieartache then.
I wonder that some mothers ever fret
At their dear children clinging to their gown ;
Or that the footprints, when the days are wet,
Are ever black enough to make them frown.
If I could find a little muddy boot,
Or cap, or jacket, on my chamber floor —
If I could kiss a rosy, re.stless foot
And hear it patter in my house once more •
If I could mend a broken cart to-day,
To-morrow make a kite to reach the sky.
There is no woman in God's world conld say
She was more bli.ssfully content than I !
But ah ! the dainty pillow next my own
Is never rumpled by a shining head !
My singing birdling from its nest lias flown—
The little hoy I used to ki
-dead.
George Moore.
(ContiDued from page 98,
In his dealings with his partners and those
n his employment he was liberal and gener-
ous. After the death of his two original part-
ners, he gave to the firm, into which younger
men had been introduced, the increase in value
of the real estate they occupied, and which
belonged to him, amounting to £45,000. Not
long before his death in 1876, he carried out
the wish to reward those who had been so
long in his service at Bow-Church-yard, and
who had so zealously helped to make his for-
tune. "I am proceeding," he says in his
diary, " to make large presents to each of our
employes that has lived above five years in
our service. I have long wished to do this,
and Mr. Copestake [the son of his old partner]
willingly joins me in giving away between
*hirty-Hvo and forty thou.^nd pounds (uit
to They have done much, by their indu-tr :i
probity, to enable us to do so. It is din-
the best acts of our lives." \
All who had been with the old firm forfil
years received a donation of £50, and an i\
ditional £50 for every other five years' servi([
No distinction was made as regards positi
in the firm. That had already been ackno
ledged in the usual way by successive rises
salary. The reward was for fidelity of servii
Even the porters, with one or two exceiitim
received the same measure of acknowK-d
ment as the heads of the diflerent dejuu
ments.
The benevolence of George Moore ^^•:ls 1
no means confined to public institutions,
began in his own household, all whose inuiati
even those in the lowest positions, were \wi
ed with affection and sympathy, which he mn
said, "is the best word in the English la
guage." His diary contains this passage, "
good master and mistress will seldom 1:
afHieted by bad servants. Woe unto thee, c'
my house, when thy master and mistress fo!
get their duty, and when those who iiiIl; \\
thee care not for those who serve!" As :
consequence he was served honestly and laitl
fully. At his death, some of his servants hu
been with him upwards of twenty-five j-i ar
The young men and women who lived at ll;
warehouse in Bow Churchyard, were tr.atc
lis if they belonged to his family. He pn
vided religious instruction, and founded libr;
ries and reading-rooms for them. He gCj
some of the most distinguished and influentia
men of the day to lecture to them. Findin
that many of the married men, with larg.
families had borrowed money off the firir
which was a clog to them, he paid them all Oi
out of his own pocket, with a remonstranc
not to get into debt again.
Finding through the Ci ty Missionaries, witl
whom he was in constant communication
that there were multitudes of people in Lon
don living together without the ceremony o
marriage having been performed, he paid thi
marriage fees for thousands of persons it
order to protect the women and give them £
tie upon their husbands. It was all dont
privately, and neither the person who pen
formed the ceremony nor those who were'
married, knew the donor of the fees. He die
this for about twenty years to the clo.se of his
fe, and paid out in this way more than £500
He was the constant resort of young men
wanting situations. He kept in remembranc€i
own early struggles, and felt a lively in-i
terest in these adventures. When he could
not employ them himself, he took great pains
in finding places for them elsewhere. One
whom he had thus helped says, that when he
called u|ion George Moore, "he told me there
were more hands in his own place than he
had work for, ' but,' said he, ' keep up your
spirits, and I'll get you a place.' Accordingly
he wrote for me a letter of recommondatioa
to a drtiper at Blackheath. He said, ' If you
do not succeed, come to me again, and I will
've you a letter until I get you a place.' He
asked me how much money I had. I told
him I had just received a post-office orde>r for
three pounds. He said, 'you can have the
loan of two or three pounds now, or come to
me when you have finished j'our three pounds.'
He next "asked if I had dined. I answered
yes.' ' Well.' said he, 'Cumberland lads can
"ways take two dinners ; follow me.' He led
private money, to our old servants, 'the way through the warehouse to a private
THE FRIEND.
109
iom, where I dined again. When leaving
(0, he said, ' Any lime you are passing, conn-
and dine wiih the j'oung men.'"
'After his young friends had obtained sitna
ons, he continued to look after them. He
oi{ down their names antl addresses in a
iiecial red book, and repeatedly asked them
■. dine with him. There are repeated entries
^ bis diary to the following effect : —
• I)ined twenty-two of the boys that I have
il situations for. I never forget that I had
) OIK' to invito me to their homes when I
•St ca'ne to London.''
Another feature in Geo. Moore's character
as his extensive distribution of religious
)oks. He ordered them by the hundred and
nousand, to give to his J'oung men and to
liod to the home missionaries through the
Duntry. As an illustration of this, one entry
„ his diary says : " Bought 752 of M'Cheyne's
Memoirs, and 500 of Bonar's Way of Peace.
ave them to each of our young people, and
1 Iho country-town missionaries. I am al-
ay- watering other people's vine^-ards. Let
e noi neglect my own!'' He circulated the
ible far and wide. He sent thousands of
ipies to Cumberland, to be distributed among
le )ieople. Ho distributed it through the
u- r parts of Loudon by the hands of the
ity Missionaries. He made presents of it
I ills young men and women, to his porters
id t(i the poor people whom he entertained
e Li i 'd to introduce it into the bed rooms of
iTN fust class hotel in Paris. He succeeded
ii n i-uscs; but failed in three. His biogra-
liir ~:iys, ho was perpetually giving books.
e s.iiiietimcs had as many books on hand as
Old I stock a bookseller's shop. During the
St year of his life he sent out seventeen tbou-
■inii Hritish Workman's Almanacs.
Oiu' of the entries in his diary is as follows :
Aii:ain I went out amongst the poor with
le missionary, and relieved them. Such
readful filth, rags and poverty!" Many
lought it undignified on the part of a rich
ity merchant to go about amongst ragged
Qd filthy people; amongst thieves, tramps
nd vagrants. He himself said, he felt that
othing could reach to the depth of human
sery, or heal such sorrow as thcir's, but
ne love of Jesus — the Good Shepherd who
'earned over them with infinite pity, and had
ivon His life for the sheep.
It was not only monej'', but thought and
ympathy, ho gave to these afflicted people,
'he poor and the destitute were constantly
3 his mind. He could not sleep for thinking
bout them. The weary eyes of the hungry
hildren haunted him.
(To be concluded.)
I entreated them to turn their minds to
Jhrist, the inward Teacher — the Teacher sent
f God to teach them the way of life and salva-
ion ; and then signified to them that our
irecting them to turn their minds inwardly
0 Christ was not to take them off from the
loly Scriptures, or faith in Christ crucified
.8 outwardly. Though we press men to be-
ieve in the light and to walk in the light,
•et we do not declare that, as though they
ould do it of their own will or power, but that
hey ought to look to and wait upon Christ
or ability so to do. God hath provided a
tieans sufiicient for the salvation of men, and
his means is Christ .Jesus, the one Mediator
(etween God and men, the great and alone
acrifice of propitiation. — Richard Clarldge.
For "Tlic Friend."
William Pciin's Travels in Ilollautl aud Germany,
iu 1G77.
In a recent number of the "Pennsylvania
Magazine of History and Biography," pub-
lished by the Historical Society of Penna., is
a paper by Oswald Seidensticker, Professor
in the University of Pennsylvania, on the
above subject. Its object is to show that,
"short as that journey was, it had a very
potent influence on the settlement of Penn-
sylvania, preparing the way for an imraigra-.
tion, that rapidly tilled the wooded hills and
fertile valleys of the youngcolony with thrifty
farmers, and gave to the population of our
State features of a peculiar mould. In fact,
that journey, far from needing the accidental
circumstance of date for rising into promi-
nence, has an independent interest of its own,
that entitles it at any time to careful con-
sideration."
As manj^ of the facts brought to light by
this pains taking writer are interesting, we
e.\tracl some of the more striking of them.
In this journey, undertaken in the Seventh
month, 1G77, William Penn's companions
were " George Fox, Ilobert Barclay, George
Keith, George Walts, John Furly, William
Tailcoat, Isabella Yeomans (Geo. Fo.k's step-
daughter), and Elizabeth Keith.
"There is no question but that in both
countries, and nolably so in Germany, the
doctrine and peculiar habits of the Friends
met with a strongly-marked aiuipathjj. The
word t^uakei', sufficiently rcjiroachful in Eng-
land, had been adopted in Germany as an
epithet designating the very acme of wild
fanaticism, unsoundness in religion, and dar-
inii- innovation. For once, the clergy, the
civil government, and the mob were in unison
all assailing what they gracefully termed the
Quaker abomination. When a Lutheran or a
Calvinist was to be denounced for not strictly
keeping within the beaten track, the most
damaging reproach that could bo hurled
against him was that he was no better than
aliuaker. The very titles of the books which
appeared at that period betray the acrimo-
nious temper that pervades them."
William Penn and his companions "landed
on the 26ih of that month in Briel, a seaport
of Holland, and were there met by several old
friends, of whom the journal names Aaron
Sonneman, Benjamin Furly, S. Johnson, and
Vettekeuken. B. Furly was an English
man, doing business in Rotterdam, perhaps a
brotherof John Furly, who belonged to Penn's
party. He had joined the Society of Friends
in Rotterdam, and became subsequently very
useful to Penn as agent for the sale of Penn-
sylvania lands. The name Vettekeuken, also,
is found in the account of the first emigration
from Germany. When Francis Daniel Pas-
torius, in 1683, came to Rotterdam, he took
[lodgings at the house of his friend Mariecko
I Vettekeuken, and was met there by Beuj.
(Furly, Jacob Tellner, and others.
I " B3' way of L^^yden the travellers, accora-
Ipanied by Jan Roelof, Jan Arents, and Jan
Claus, went to Haarlem, where they attended
:a meeting consisting of Friends and Menno-
nites. On the 2d of August, the party, in-
crea>ied by some Friendsof Haarlem, Alkraaar,
and Emden, arrived in Amsterdam, the famous
metropolis of Holland. Fain would we hear
from Penn how that busy mart of the world,
the Venice of the North, impressed him, what
he had to say on the political complexion of
the country, of the people and their wa3^s.
But in vain do we look in the traveller's note-
book for information of a secular character,
remarks on architecture, national peculiari-
ties, government, improvements, scenery, and
the like. He had only one object in view, the
spread of his faith, all other interests were
sunk, as it were, below his horizon. Holland,
it may ba briefly stated, was at that time
prominent for its prowess of war, its maritime
enterprise, its art-culture, and learning. After
pa-sing through a long series of bloody con-
tests, it had just sustained a war against the
combined forces of England and France ; with
the former peace was concluded in 1674, with
the latter hostilities continued while the pre-
liminaries of a treaty were being discussed at
Nimuegen. At the head of the government
stood William III., by the revolution of 1672
Stadtholder of Holland ; he had in this very
year espoused Mary, daughter of the Duke of
York, thus paving his way to the English
throne.
" While Penn is silent on the affairs of the
world, he apprises us of an event that soon
after his arrival occurred at Amsterdam, and
which in the history of the Friends, unques-
tionably, was of groat importance — the hold-
ing of a General Meeting.
" In Amsterdam a congregation of Friends
had been in existence since 1657, the year in
which William Ames converted Jacob Wil-
liamson Sewel, and his wife, Judith Zinspen-
ning. Other Quaker missionaries from Eng-
land, John Stubbs, Wm. Caton, John Higgins,
Stephen Crisp, and Benjamin Furly, who
visited Holland shortly after, cooperated
with Ames in gaining proselytes. Small so-
cielirs sprang up in Rotterdam, Leydon, Haar-
lem, Alkmaar, Utrecht, and other towns. At
length a general meetinsr was called, and Wil-
liam Penn, with Fox, Barclay, &e., had come
purpos.ly to attend it, and to lend their aid
in effecting an organization. In the first ses-
sion (2 August), the establishment of monthly,
quarterl}^ and yearly meetings was deter-
mined on, the time for holding them vvas
fixed, questions of discipline and jurisdiction
were considered and settled. In the Select
Meeting, held the evening of the next day,
rules on marriage, printing, collections, and
disbursements were adopted. To the Yearly
Meeting at Amsterdam, not onlj^ the Friends
of Holland, but also those in the Palatinate,
Hamburg, Liibeck, and Frederickstadt (a
town in Uolstein), were to send delegates.
Thus the 83'stem of Meetings, the most simple
and democratic that can be devised for the
government of religious societies, was to be
extended over the Continent in the same man-
ner as it had been introduced in England, and
other English-speaking countries. We can-
not help noticing here, how much superior
the Friends were as organizers to other sects
that struggled into existence."
"The harsh treatment to which the Quakers
of Danlziek were subjeclerl, had been the oc-
casion of Penn's consolatory letter written in
1673: hence it was but natural that they
turned to him for advice, when their wrongs
continued unabated. The petition to John
Sobieski, drawn up in the name of his suffer-
ing brethren, is couched in that fearless, plain,
and impressive language, which has the true
stamp of a manly soul. 'Le style c'est I'homme.'
After giving a succinct account of the belief of
the Friend.s, and their reasons for separating
from the Church, the petition thus addresses
110
THE FRIEND.
tho king: 'Oking! When did the true re-
ligion persecute? When did the true Church
offer violence for religion? Were not her
weapons pra3'ers, tears, and patience ? Did
not Jesus conquer b^' those weapons, and van-
quish cruelty by suffering? Can clubs and
staves, swords and prisons, and banishments
reach the soul, convert the heart, or convince
tho understanding of man ?' Very opportune
allusion is also made to the tolerant principles
of Stephen, one of Sobie^ki's predecessors on
the throne of Poland (1576-15S6), whom Penn
quotes as saying: ' I am king of men, not of
consciences; king of bodies, not of souls.'
" What the valiant king thought of Penn's
missive is not recorded. That religious op-
inions conscientiously held should not be in-
terfered with, restrained, or punished bj' the
Slate, was an idea tar in advance of the age,
and the reasons that Penn puts forward for
toleration, clear and forcible though they are,
have even to the present not found general
recognition.
"And now, oti tho Gth of August, the
Friends, who had sot out togolher from Eng-
land, separated at Amsterdam ; George Fox,
with others of the parly, went to Emden,
Bremen, Uamburg, and Frisia ; Penn, accom-
panied bj^ Keith, Barclay, and Furly, took
the boat to Nacrden, and then the stage-coach
to Ilerford in Westphalia, to pay a visit to
Pi-incoss Elizabeth Stuart, niece of Charles I.
" The abbey at Horford (Herwerden), found-
ed about a thousand years ago, by a grandson
of Wittokind, was under exclusive imperial
Jurisdiction, a privilege, which the town itself
had lost by tho peace of Westphalia, when it
was annexed to the Electorate of Branden-
burg. To the abbey still clung certain tradi-
tional attributes of sovereignty, tho shadow
of a court, consisting of a few hereditary dig-
nitaries and other honors, more ornamental
than exalted, Elizabeth, who had boon solemn-
ly invested as Abbess in 1667, was one of the
most remarkable women of her ago. She was
born Dec. 2G, 1618, the year when Uie war
that proved so calamitous to her house broke
out, being the oldest daughter of Frederick
v., Prince Palatine of the Rhino, who in 1619
accepted the crown of Bohemia, and, soon
after, lost in consequence of the unfortunate
battle of Prague, not only tho newly-conferred
dignity, but also his hereditary throne in
lleidelberg.
"Thus Elizabeth had from inftmcy a share
in the sail disiippointments of her parents.
Tho earlier years of her childhood she spent,
in company of two of her brothers, with her
grandmother, Juliana, tho widowed Eleetross
of Brandenburg and mother of Frederick W
liam, the Great Elector; when she was ten
j'carsold, she joined her parents in the Hague,
and, naturally averse to frivolous pastimes,
pursued the severer studios of mathematics
and philosophy with eminent success."
(Tob,.contir,uc,l.)
To habituate children from their early in
fancy to silence and attention, is of the greatest
advantage to them, not only as a preparative
to their advancement in religious life ; but as
tho ground work of a well cultivated under
standing. We aro almost the only professors
of Christianity who iickuowlcd ,r„ tlu^ usi^ of
this absolutely necessary in l,i-((iliicl ion ti> Chris
tian knowledge and Chrisiian i)i-actice. To
have tho active rain<ls of children early put
under a kind of restraint, to be accustomed to
turn their attention from external objects, and
habituated to a degree of abstracted quiet, is
matter of groat consequence and lasting
benefit to them. To this they are inured in
our assemblies, and to sit in silonce with
decency and composure: though it cannot be
supposed their J'oung and active minds are
always engaged as they ought to be ; yet to
be accustomed thus to quietness, and initiated
to curb and restrain the sallies of their youth-
ful dispositions, is no small point gained
towards fixing a habit of patience and recol-
lection, and a rogai'd to decorum, which sel-
dom forsakes those who have been properly
instructed in this entrance to the School of
Wisdom, during the residue of their days.
From " The British Friend."
Mail's Salvation God's Work.
"Serious thoughts for the thoughtful, that
thoy may still further consider in the fear
of God, what is heroin written, and that tho
inconsiderate may be lod to consider from
whence the issues oflife do flow, and so be led
to prostrate themselves in spirit before God."
Such was the foundation of all the testi-
monies of Friends at their rise, and such must
remain the great distinguishing testimony of
the Society, or, in the verj^ nature of things,
thej' must speedily, as a people, pass away,
as having no place in God's economy. 'To
everything there is a purpose, so in propor-
tion as the true import of our position as in-
dividuals or as a ]ieople is lost, must weak-
ness and blindness be our lot, until in the con-
fusion into whicli wc aro brought we are lost
in tho mass, and our testimony to our God
and for tho world is lost also, and tho ques-
tion then asked. Where are we?
That the groat testimony of the Society is
not understood by many of its members is a
matter that seems too evident, and that many
who have undertaken to point out the cause
of our weakness as a people, have themselves
far from rightly understood that cause, simply
from their having so little experimentally
known what was tho secret of tho strength
of those principles as propagated b}' tho first
Friends. God's work in man in order to his
salvation, and tho turning of men's minds to
this work was their and is our groat mission
as a people, if we aro still to hold our place
in the visible Church of Christ upon earth
For however true it is that the Church has
to bear testimony t(j tho work of Christ, as
Qnishod externally to us, the still greater and
all important testimony is to the effect of
that work wrought in the soul ; that it is that
is paramount to the well-being, vitality, and
growth of the individual, and consequently of
the Church.
Many were, and still are, the forms of man's
devising to keep religion alive in the mind of
man, but our great testimony is this, that as
all true religion alone can spring from God,
so Ho alone by his Spirit can maintain that
which He Himself has created ; hence our
dependent condition as men and creatures,
and our necessity to wait in humlde depend
ence, upon the dictates of the Spirit in our
daily life and conversation. For as the spirit
of a man alone understandoth tho things of a
man, so tho spirit of God alone can unfold to
man the things of God.
The work of God in man is first to unsettle,
to wound, to undo, before the great Healer
can restore, comfort, or bind np. Man's mind
n tho fall is separated from God, and co
sequently is not subject to the law of Go
ndood can be. The first effect of th
unsettlement, by whatever means it may ha'
pleased God to use, is to bring man to an i
ward prostration ot' soul before God, who
ho hath offended, and to make the sinner so
sible he has no hope but in God's mere
Thus it is that tho Saviour is revealed an A
mighty Helper, and the returning prodigal
made to feel his salvation is all of God, an
having entered into the Holy of Holies 1
the blood or life of Christ revealed unto hit
therein and thereby makes covenant wii
God, if He will be with him, giving him foe
for his soul as well as for his body, and wi
clothe Him by his Spirit inwardly as well ;
his body outwardly, then will God be his Go
and ho will follow wheresoever He is pleast
to had. This is entering into the conditic
of a true spiritual worshipper, even such ;
our Saviour said the Father seeks to worsh
Him, those who do so in spirit and in truth
This has been and is the great teaching
Friends, being truly old Christianity revive^
that God through Christ is the spring whon(
all good comes to man, and that man as mi
is powerless to effect any good as to his ow
or his fellow's salvation, unaided by the Spii
of the Lord. So that all man's works fall
the ground, however good, unless promptij
by tho Spirit of Him, who is Lord of heavti
and earth. Hence the weakness of manl
works and the little good thej' effect, bocau
so little is the offspring of the child-like natu
which is begotten of God. The self-deni
that is essential and pleasing to God is th:
which removes both inwardly and outwaril
whatever hinders our coming into perfo'
subjection to tho Divine will. To walk tht
before God is to worship God in spirit ar
with truth in tho inward parts — in short,
being a true Friend, as well as a living Chri
tian, because man's dead works aro dor
awa)' ; such being dead to the world, bi
alive in Christ through the Spirit. Here is
true looking-glass for us to behold oursolvi
in, and by which we may know whether m
are bringing forth the fruits of the Spirit, 3'C
or nay; for such as are lod by the Spirit <
God thoy aro the Sons of God, and not ever
one who saith "Lord, Lord, shall enter tl
kingdom, but he that doeth the will of m
Father which is in Heaven."
Friends, if faithful to their principles, conti
the people in an entire dependence upon Go^
and a wholehearted and willing obedience 1
tho dictates of his Holy Spirit in the hear
and as God is the author of this tho grei
work of man's salvation, so it is Ho, tho A
mighty Ono, by His Son and Spirit's work
tho heart that can alone carry on, and uli
mately perfect and complete it; hence tl
necessity for the individual mind to wai
watch, and pray for continual proservatio
Tho mind so kept grows vigorous in tho fos
love, and service of God ; it knows God to I
its habitation and dwelling place. The Bib
to such is a precious treasure, but the Spii
stands first, inasmuch as these know that
is only by the Spirit and its teaching th(
can rightly comprehend the truths contain*
in that treasure-house.
It is the great mission of the Church
leaven tho world and to gather out therefroi
but how can that bo otherwise than by o
first knowing the leavening power of Chri
in our own hearts, bringing us into subjoctii
THE FRIEND.
Ill
(i'>i| in all things. For we are called to
lul, .veil as we are called to follow. It is
r duly to follow Christ; it is also our duty
lead bj- precept and example to Christ,
lat which His Spirit leads out of, our ex
iple should lead none into, or we become
insgre^sors. and accountable to God for the
nls of others. To call all unto a subjection
God, 80 as to know the government of our-
Ives, and of the Church to be laid upon His
oulders, whose right it is to rule and reign,
both ancient and new, and will admit of no
unterfeit. Let all come to honest self ex-
lination in this matter. What works, let
ask ourselves, are wrought in God, and by-
is power and Spirit! 6 what a stripping
juld this bring us into, and what an empty-
» of our hearts before God! such a rending
the heart, instead of the garments, as would
deed lead to a true turning to the Lord, who
juld then, indeed, have mercy upon us, and
' I still abundantly pardon. Would there
tt then be felt a renewal of power from on
gh to work for His name, and who will be
rved, honored, and adored by a hoi}' people,
ich may we become in His hand, but if un-
ithful and unwilling, God will raise up those,
mparablo to the stones of the street, who
all give glory to His name by bringing forth
uit meet for repentance.
CuARLEs W. Thomson.
Stoke Newiugton, Olh mo. 1878.
A Woiulcrful Escape.
A correspondent of the Erie (I'a.) Dispatch
Ives the following account of a remarkable i
fscue which was accomplished on Lake Erie,!
rty-five years ago :
"In the autumn of 1S33 Captain Gilman]
ppleby, of Conneaut, Ohio, was captain and i
jirt owner of the schooner New Connecticut. [
steamboat was then being built at Con-
eaut (the North America,) of which Captain '
ppleliy had charge, and was for many years
■r riKistci-. An aunt of his, then residing; at
lark Hock, below J5iilf^lo, was at KvU- uu a
sil, stajing with a brother, who was then
resident of the town. The lady went to
onneaut in companj- with a nephew to visit
3r brother there. Alter remaining for some
me she became exceedingly anxious to got
)me. Captain Appleby, who was busy with
s steamboat, endeavored to dissuade his
nt from taking the home journey until ho
lould bo going out with his vessel, when he
ould take her home. His eftorts in that
rection, however, were unavailing, and he
id her taken on board the schooner to go to
luffalo in charge of the crew. The vessel
ping light, and the time of the year August,
le captain bad entire confidence in the abili-
f of the crew to manage the craft and land
8 relative safe at her destination. Every-
ling passed off quietly until after the vessel
id passed Erie, when a sudden squall struck
id rolled her over upon her side, when she
Barh' filled with water, but continued to
)at.' The crew, loosening the vessel's yawl,
raped in, and pulled for the shore, leaving
le woman in the cabin, as they supposed,
owned. The party landed at or near Port-
od, Chautauqua County, N. Y., and made
leir way, as best they could, back to Con-
eaut. Three days after the accident, Cap-
Wilkins, of the steamboat William Pea-
ock, in coming down from Detroit, was be-
ought by- Captain Appleby to board the
reck, if he saw it, and if possible get the
body of his aunt out of the cabin, and convoy
it to Buffalo. Captain Wilkins discovered the
disabled vessel drifting down the lake, and
after coming alongside, Capt. Wm. Henton,
then first male of the Peacock, boarded the
wreck and made search. The schooner lay
upon hep side, and to all appearances, was
full of water. A pole was employed, and it
was supposed every part of the cabin was
touched, and as no object in the shape of a
human body was felt, the conclusion was
reached that the remains had floated out of
the cabin into the lake ; hence further search
was given up. T\vo days afterward Captain
Appleby came down with a vessel with facili-
ties to right the schooner and tow her into
the nearest port, the drowned woman's son
being along to assist in the recovery of the
body. The vessel was finally righted, and
when the cabin door had nearly reached a
level position, the woman walked through
the water and came up the stairs upon deck.
She was caught by Capt. Appleby and sup-
ported, while her son wept and the sailors
screamed. Five days and nights had she
been in the water, while a portion of the
time she was up to her arm pits. She could
not lie down, and what sleep she got was in
that position, and all the food she had was a
solitary cracker and a raw onion, which float-
ed on the water. She stated that after the
vessel capsized and was abandoned by the
crew, she found herself alone in water waist
deep. The cabin door was open, but the flood
was two feet above it, and the sea made con-
stant changes in her position. When Cap-
tain Wilkins stopped she could hear the board-
ing party talk and walk on the vessel, and,
although she used her voice to the utmost to
attract attention, she could not make them
hear. She saw tlie polo thi'ust into the cabin
door by Captain Henton, and asked if she
could hold on to it and be ])ulled out, but no
answer came, the captain hearing no noise
oiher than the splashing of the water, and
having not the remotest idea that the woman
s tiicre, alive or dead."
First Useful— tlfn Ornamnital. --'^ A girl
who can ])ut on a square pat( h, may not be
so accomplished as one who can work a green
worsted dog on a yellow ground, but she is
of far more real value in the community."
It is possible that in olden times too much
stress was laid on the importance of teaching
girls to mend and darn so exquisitely that it
would be difficult, almost impossible to dis-
cover that there had been any necessity for
the labor ; but if there was any error in
teaching and exacting such perfect work, it
was a fault " that leaned to virtue's side,''
and beyond all comparison better than the
wretched "botching" to be found on the rai-
ment of some — of many — of the girls of the
present day. Laundresses that wash for
school-girls, could make strange revelations
of neglect of garments and careless repairs,
were not their lips sealed through fear of
losing good customers.
When a broken stitch is allowed to go un-
cared for, until it has become a hole so large
that the stocking cannot bo longer worn with-
out some repairs, it is then drawn up in an
ugly bunch — hard enough to blister the feet
— instead of being nicely darned ; or when
a tear or rip on a dress or under garment is
pulled together with thread coarse enough to
injure the fabric, who is to blame — the mo-
ther or the daughter ? What instruction has
ever been given the young girl about looking
out for the beginning of evil in her wardrobe ?
Has she been taught; to darn or mend every
rent or rip the first p >ssible instant after it
was discovered, and to do it neatly?
Oh, no! There are far too many young
girls from whom the most rigorous applica-
tion to fanciful accomplishments is exacted,
whose mothers have never taught them to
sew decently, if at all. When the mothers
of these young ladies were girls of ten or
twelve, they would have been ashamed to
have had no more practical knowledge, or
have proved themselves such utterly worth-
less members of the home circle. Why should
they defraud and dwarf their own children ?
It is not a very remote period to look back to,
when if mothers had permitted their daugh-
ters to enter womanhood ignorant of domestic
arts, or unable to keep their own garments in
pI^)per order, they would be thought incom-
petent to have the charge of children, desti-
tute of that affection, that seeks the present
best good of those committed to their charge,
and is anxious to secure their future pros-
peri ty . — Christian Uimn.
THE FRIEND.
ELEVENTH MONTH 16, 1878.
There has recently been held in this city a
convention of Unitarians, attended by promi-
nent members of that body from different
parts of the countr}-. How far the cssa3'8 and
speeches that were delivered, expressed the
sentiments of others than their authors, does
not clearly appear. Probably all present did
not unite in some of the utterances.
The first essay was entitled, "The ncvv
criticism of the Old Testament;" and from
the report printed in the Public Ledger of this
cit}', we infer, that it denies to the writings
of the Old Testament any claim to revelation
or prophetic character ; and asserts that the
method of criticism advocated in the essay
" does not leave one stone of the popular con-
ce|Hion on another; but from the widespread
ruin it builds up again, with slow patience
and indomitable resolve, another and a better."
The doctrine of the vicarious atonement of
our Saviour, or that the forgiveness of our
sins is through the merits of His sacrifice, was
stated to be the real point at issue "between
true and false Christianity," compared with
which "the doctrines of the Trinity, of the
Deity of the Saviour, of the place and eter-
nality of punishment, and of the peculiar in-
spiration of the Bible, have ceased to be of
practical importance." We suppose that Uni-
tarians generally unite in the rejection of this
doctrine of the atonement, and that this cir-
cumstance draws a dividing line between them
and other Christians.
" What we want" said one of the speakers,
" is the faith in a living God, not afar off, but
close to its and within us." The inward mani-
festation of the Holy Spirit to the soul of man
through our Lord Jesus Christ, is one of the
fundamental doctrines of the Gospel, as be-
lieved by the Society of Friends; and so far
as the sentence above quoted inculcates a be-
lief therein, we believe it is consistent with
the teaching of our Saviour and his apostles.
It was largely the mission of the first mem-
112
THE FRIEND.
bers of our Society to call the attention of the
people to the indvvolling Spirit of Christ, as
that which must lead all in the wa}' of salva-
tion, must wash, purify and redeem fi-oni sin
and corruption, and prepare them for ad-
mission to the Heavenly Kingdom. But
while they and the modern Unitarians appear
to be one in sentiment as regards this most
preci )us and practical doctrine, the Society
of Friends differs from these, in receiving in
simple faith the scripture testimony as to the
Divinity, atonement and mediation of the Son
of God i and forther declares that these great
truths were confirmed to their minds by the
openings of the Spirit within them which did
bear witness to their reality, and gave them
a living faith in their verity.
We can readilj' conceive, that one who t^-
tempts to bring these deep and mysterious
subjects under the control of his intellectual
powers, and to make his own reason the
standard by which to judge of spiritual mat-
ters, will very probably become confused and
darkened, and may end in rejecting some of
the most solid and substantial ti'uths. Our
Saviour himself rendered thanks unto God,
" because thou hast hid these things from the
wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto
babes." And the Apostle Paul declared to
the Corinthians, "The natural man receiveth
not the things of the Spirit of God: for thej'
are foolishness unto him : neither can he
know them, because they are spiritually dis-
cerned."
Here is the place where we believe many
well-meaning per.sons have erred. Thej- have
felt within them the strivings of the Spirit of
God convincing them of sin, and causing them
to feel that they are unfit to dwell with puri-
fied spirits in the presence of a holy God.
But instead of simply yielding to these Hea-
venly visitations, and in humility and faith
fulness following them to the foot of the
cross, they have trusted too much to their
own intellects to guide them in religious
things, and thus have erred from the faith.
We are confirmed in the belief that this has
been the case, from observing to how largo
an extent, where Unitarianism has prevailed,
it has been among the more educated classics
of the community; in whom the conscious-
ness ol' |)ossessing trained and developed in-
tellects is most likely to produce an undue
dependence on these possessions. Such re
Hulls are nothing new. Paul declared nearly
2000 j'cars ago, that the world " by wisdom
knew not G(;(l ;" that " the Greeks seek after
wisdom; but wo preach Christ crucified, * *
unto the Greeks foolishness;" that " m}' speech
and my preaching was not with enticing
words of man's wisdom, but in demonstration
of the Spirit and of power: that your faith
should not stand in the wisdom of men, hut in
the. power of God."
The error of those who direct their atton
tion solely to the outward coming and ofl'oi
ing of our Saviour, and who ex[)ect salvation
us a result of that, without knowing Him in
accomplish His work of purification by his
Spirit ill the heart, is equally dangerous with
that to which we have above referred. It was
a frcrpient concern of our early Fi-icnds to
guard their hearers against this delusion. Ed-
ward JJurrough in his tract entitled "The
everlasting Gospel of repentance and remis-
sion of sins," says, "All that will be saved
must be sanctified, cleansed and purified from
all unrighteousness by the Spirit and Word of
God, whereby every heart must be made clean."
" It is not enough [to bring] unto eternal life
only to believe that there was such a one as
Christ and that He did and spoke such and
such things at a distance without you; for
many may make a belief and profession of this,
and yet perish ; but Him that was, of whom you
read without 3'ou, must you receive and wit-
ness within you." He further declares, -There
is no other Christ Jesus but He which liLchteth
every man that comes into the worki with
the true Light; and except this Cnrist Jesus
is revealed by the Spirit of the Father within,
salvation is not received by him,"
From a letter subsequently received from
the same Friend that wrote the one from
which we gave an extract in our 12th num-
ber relating to the action of the London depu-
tation and the "smaller body" in Western
Yearly Meeting, we take the following. He
states that he had no expectation that any
part of his former letter would be made public.
Though the more detailed and explicit state-
ment thus furnished does not materially vary
the impression given by the former one, we
believe it best to publish it; being very de-
sirous that no inaccuracies in reference to
such matters should be found in our columns,
without correetio.o. — Eds.
" I was not quite explicit enough in giving
the story of the visit and labors of the London
deputation. After thoy had gone through
their suplementary remarks in the meeting
granted them, near the close they informed
Friends that they did not wish any reply from
us. None was made. As they were about
taking their leave it was remarked by one of
our Friends, that judging from their remarks
it wa-i evident they were laboring under mis-
apprehension in regard to the causes that had
led to the position we now occupioel; and
asked if they would bo willing to grant us
another interview, in order tiiat we might
have the 0]i|iortuiiity of correcting them. To
this the^f consented. Accordingly at a con-
ference of our members the nomination of a
few Friends was approved to meet with them.
In that interview we pressed the privilege of
bringing our grievances to view ; then it was
when they refused to hear us, and said they
could iHjt go liehind the instructions of Lon-
don Yearlj' Meeting. This was said more than
once.
We did not ask them to go into an exam-
ination of the subject in meeting when all our
members were present ; neither did thoj- ask
for the appointment of a committee.
There was no official action taken by our
Yearly Meeting in regard to their visit."
SUMMARY
OF EVENTS
Unitki
States. -Tlie
-il-,Or:,r-I,;,h.r
polls til
C Wllnl,. iminl,,-,
if lil. ill,: . 1, •
for members of Congre.^s, and in a number of tli 1
State officers. The results show Republican l .iii-
tlieNoi-tli, but Democratic gaius in some of the S.. il.
States. The nest Congress will probably b. I' '
cratic in both branche.s. The Senate will con-i 1
Democrats, 33 Republicans, and 1 Independcm
House 1.53 Democrats, r33 Republicans, and , :
tionals.
The Commissioner of Patents, with the appi-.i-,:!
llie Scrret.iry of the Interior, lias issued an uid. r |
Idin,^' that ilie fee of $2"), required by law for lie v.
■aliou of trade marks, shall hereafter be payalil. m i
istalmcnts— the lirstof $10, on the filing of tiie i :[•
and the remainder when the registration is gram. I.
In response to a circular issued by the li'ii.l
Health of New Orleans, physicians have repoiirj 1.
! of yellow fever treated by them during th. >
demic, not previously reported. It is estimated tli
have been 40,000 cases during the past four mMiul,,,
New Orleans and vicinity. The report for la-i w.
hows 11 new cases in New Orleans, 3.5 in MoliiU :
Chattanoog.a, and 33 deaths in Memphis.
The total amount of subscriptions forwardeil llimi
the authorities of the various cities and their e.mii
is $1, 320,000. This sum is exclusively' inix
religious and society contributions. From foreign en
tries 339,000 have been received.
Thirty ocean steamships were stated to be in pir
New Orle.ans last week, with a sufficient aggregaie I
nage for 2-50,000 bales of cotton.
The mortality last week numbered 275. For
year the health officer reports the general sanitary o
lition of the city to have iieen unusually good._ Duri
he vear there were 18,279 births, G,147 marriages, e
Ki.OOI deaths.
.l/-/,,-/te(.s-, Ac— Gold 100|. U. S. sixes 1881. 101
1(1. .5's, 105J; 4i per cents, 104J; 4 per cents, 100}.
Cutlon. — Sales are reported at 93 a 93 cts. per poc
f(ir uplands and New Orleans.
I'uiroleuiu. — Crude 7} cts , in barrels, and stand:
ivhile 9 cts. for export, and ll-i a 12 cts. for home uf
Flour.— Minne.sota extra *4.50 for medium and $i
for choice ; western, S4.75 for medium, and $5.2-5
fancy. P.itent and other high grades, $0 a §8, a£
''' ('ira'in— Wheat market isquiet. Red, $1.02 a $1.0
andicr, $1.03 a $1.05 ; wh.te, $1.06. Corn, 47 a -50
O.its, mixed, 26 a 27 cts., and white, 28 a 33 cts.
II ly anil Straw. — Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts., per ;
|iiiniids; mixed, 4-5 a 60 cts. Straw, 65 a 7-5 ots.
11. ef cattle were dull, but prices remain about
same. ( Jood Penna. and western steers brought 5
.51 ets. per pound. Sheep, 3 a 4:} cts. per ponii
eiiiidilion. Hogs, 4 a 5 cts. per pound.
Foiu:u)N. — The subscriptions in Glasgow to thefu
for the relief of the City of Glasgow Bank sharelioldt
am. milted on the 11th to £93,000, and in Edinhm
£27,000. _
A parliamentary paper, recently issued, shows tl
pauperism is increasing and orinu- diiiiinishiiig in E
land. There are one and a half )ier cent, more paup
now than Last year, an increase due to the depress
of trade, as it is confined to the north, the nietrop<
showing a decrease. In regard to crime, it is shoi
there were fewer sentences for penal servitude n
than in any year on record, except 1873.
Ten years ago over one million of acres were devo,
to potato culture in Ireland ; now only about !
acres are thus employed. The decrease is altrih
the great uncertainty attending the crop, and to n
methods of foraging cattle.
Telegrams from northern and eastern Europe,
nounce heavy snow falls. The Appenines and Hit
I'fire-^t are covered, and the Swiss passes are blocl
niili snow. In France the rivers are very high
d" he coming sugar crop in Cuba promises (o be '
rrllent. It is estimated that the vield will reach 7(
nirii.l^; -Z.-.t.-J, lost cliildien restored to their parents;
ss.tO messages relating to fires were .sent ; 0042 relating
to lost property.
In the llou.se of Correction there were received dur-
ing the year 7,523 inmates ; of this number 2,200 were
self-commitments. The population of the Almshouse
A very destructive fire occurred at Cape May, N. J.,
on the Olli inst. Nine hotels, twenty-one cottages, siboiil
inoo bath linurtc-s, and IViiizot's pier were burned. The
eslimateil loss i^ about ,-500,001).
On the .-illi in-t. elections were held in tliirly .'^tale-
I)n:n, on the 4ih of the 9th month, 1878, Pk;
Smith, in tin- soih year of her age, a beloved memi
of Upper Springfield Monthly and M.ansfield Particu
Meeting, liurlinglon Co., N. J.
, on the 3rd of 11th montli, 1878, Enos
El.niilDGi:, in the 32nil vear of his age, son of Keii
and Uvdia KIdii.lge. a nnmberof Wliitelaiid I'artici
and (ioshen .Mmitlilv Moilini:, Cli.-^i.r Co.. Per
It was the cone.rn ..|^ tliis .K-ar vonng I'liriul. to 1
"a clean and blameless life." He said, " I have
deavored to ' keep a conscience void of ofTence,'" 6
"this has been a life time work with me, not the W(
of a day." " It is by grace we arc .saved," Ac.; a
again, " I am a firm bolievor in the religion of Jcsiif
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVEXTH-DAY, ELEVENTH MONTH 23, 1878.
NO. 15.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
'rice, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paij
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on thosesent by mail.
Subscriptions and Ptiymonts received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For "The Friend."
William Penn's Travels in Holland and Germany,
in 1677.
1 (Continued from page 110.)
" When Elizabeth was 17 years old, she
Vas offered the hand of Ladislaus IV., King
f Poland, provided she were willing to be-
ome Catholic. The offensive condition did
ot originate with the king, but was forced
pon him by the prelates and Woivvods of
i'oland, who boisterously protested against a
leretic partner of the throne. The Princess,
!88 pliant than was Henry IV., spurned to
jurchase her elevation by the sacrifice of re-
igious convictions.
" Many had been the afflictions that check-
red Elizabeth's life. Herchildhood and youth
ere passed in exile; at the age of 13 she
ist her father; a beloved brother, Frederick
lenry, found a sad death by drowning in
;ie Zuyder Zee ; the heroic struggles of her
rother llupert at the head of the Cavaliers
aded in failure; her uncle, Charles I., died
Y the hand of the executioner; her brother
hilip, taking vengeance for an affront, killed
ith his own hand a French nobleman, and
:\\ at the -siege of Rethel ; the apostacy of
|er brother Edward, and her sister Louise,
[le dissolute Abbess of Maubuisson, could not
lit shock one so sincerely attached to the
Irotestant faith ; finally, the immoral conduct
'her brother, Charles Louis, after his resto-
:ition to the throne, was to her a source of
lent grief.
"In the tranquil retreat at Herford, Eliza
3th found at last the promise of a quiet, con-
jimplative life, such as was best suited to the
:!>ber cast of her mind. She owed the posi-
on of Abbess to her cousin, the great Elector
"Brandenburg, Frederick William, who ever
.ood at her side as friend and protector."
" Penn arrived with his companions at Her
rd on the 9th of August. Let us cast a
ance at the two ]H-incipals in the remark-
)le interviews that then took place. Penn,
. the age of 33 years, in the flush of manly
iauty, blending all the graces of the courtly
sntleman with the fire of the religious en-
lusiast, looking back upon a strangely cheek-
■ed life, that had led hira from the lawns of
xford to the prison walls of Newgate, the
3termined champion of religious libertj', and
-earning, perhaps, of a distant domain, that
lould be blessed with it; opposite to him
Elizabeth, who was then in her 60th j-car, the
granddaughter of a king, and who herself
might have been a queen, an adept in philoso-
phy, the friend of the sages of her time, still
seeking an answer to life's enigmas, which
science did not give, in religious experience,
in an inward revelation, such as the ministry
of Labadie had led her to hope for. And now
the young Quaker stood before the old Prin-
cess, to teach, to convince, to inspire her.
" On the morning of the lOlh of August the
first meeting took place by appointment, at
which the Princess, the Countess of Homes,
her intimate friend, and a few others were
present. The impression that Penn made
buoyed his hojies, and other meetings were
hold in the afternoon, and during the follow-
ng days. Penn, fully realizing how great
issues hinged on the present opportunity,
opened the floodgates of his heart, and spoke
with the unrestrained fervor of conviction.
The effect of his pious eloquence appears to
have been marvellous. ' The eternal Word,'
he says, ' showed itself a hammer at this day,
yea sharper than a two-edged sword, dividing
asunder between the soul and the spirit, the
joints and the marrow. Yea, this day was
all flesh humbled before the Lord ! it amazed
one, shook another, broke another.'
"As long as the Friends stayed at Herford,
they were entreated, morning and afternoon,
to renew their calls, an invitation to stay to
dinner having been respectfullj' declined.
Others also came under Penn's powerful in-
fluence. The j'oung Countess of Homes was
ery much interested; a French lady, a com-
panion of Elizabeth, ' from a light and slight-
ng carriage towards us became intimately
and affectionately kind and respectful to us.'
The servants of Elizabeth, lodgers at the inn
where Penn stayed, and inhabitants of Her-
ford that attended meetings were reached by
the 'quickening power.'
At last the hour of parting came, and most
affectionate was the leave taking. The Prin-
cess wished to unburden her mind, but over-
powered by emotion could stammer only, ' I
cannot speak to you, my heart is full,' at the
same time clasping her hands upon her breast.
Penn, ' melted into a deep and calm tender-
ness, was moved to minister a few words softly
to her.' She recovered, and cordially invited
him to visit her again upon his return. This
he did, arriving at Herford on the 22d of
September. As the proceedings differed very
little from those at the first visit, a short refer-
ence to them will serve our purpose. There
was a new series" of 'tender opportunities,'
fervent exhortations, and startling effects.
Emotion must have run high. The Princess
exclaimed : ' I am fully convinced, but oh I mj'
sins are great!' The Countess of Homes,
Penn says, was so overpowered, that she was
broken to pieces ; the French lady is reported
as improved, zealous, and broken. Very likely
Penn was led to hope that the Princess would
accept the ' testimony,' but she never was
definite in her declarations. ' lean .saj^ittle
for myself,' she wrote in answer to a letter
that Penn addressed to her between his two
visits, 'and can do nothing of myself, but I
hope that the Lonl will conduct me in his
time, by his way, to his end.' Though in full
sympathy with the aspirations of the Friends,
she took no step to become one of their num-
ber. She died in February, 1680, and Pena
paid to her memory a touching tribute in the
second edition of 'No Cross no Crown.'
"In Frankfort, the pilgrims arrived on the
29th of August. Their coming had been an-
nounced to persons of a kindred mind, and so
they were met, before they reached the city,
bj two prominent men. One of tbcm was
the merchant Vandewalle, who introduced the
three Quakers to a circle of e.ager friends, that
gathered in his house. Of all persons whom
Penn became acquainted with on that occa-
sion, decidedly the most interesting was the
enthusiastic Johanna Eleonora von Merlau, a
woman of more than ordinary mental abilities.
She i-j quite a prominent personage in the his-
tory of the German revival, and her peculiar
views on important doctrinal points, as set
forth in her writings, drew upon her general
attention. Johanna was born 1644:, and con-
sequently of the same age as Penn. Being
the daughter of a nobleman, she moved in
aristocratic society, and was for several j'ears
court lady to the Duchess of Holstein, but tho
giddy pleasures of her companions had no
charms for her, and in spite of taunts she led
a devout, religious life. During this time
Johanna formed the acquaintance of an oflicer
of the army, a Mr. de Bretewitz, tho offer of
whose hand she accepted ; but she was glad,
when, owing to some misunderstanding, tho
engagement was cancelled, as Bretewitz was
for hor too much a man of the world. Much
to the regret of the Duchess, Johanna at
length left her court, and went to reside in
Frankfort with tho widow of a nobleman, M.
J. Bauer von Eiseneck (born 1641), who, like
herself, was deeply interested i n Jacob Spener's
Collegia Pietaiis at the Saalhof. She stayed
six j'cars in Frankfort, from 1674 to 1680,
when she gave her hand to the flimous the-
ologian. Dr. VVilheIra Petersen, a voluminous
author, and now Johanna herself began to
write works, explanatory of Apocalypsis, and
in defence of the doctrine of the ' Restoration
of all Things.' Hor views entirely agreed
with those of her husband, but were reached
independently.
" It was Johanna Eleonora von Merlau and
Mrs. Bauer von Eiseneck whom Penn met at
Vandewalle's house. Both ladies took a great
fancy to the Quakers, or as Penn has it, ' their
hearts j'^earned strongly towards us.' Johanna
gave the Friends a particular invitation to
her house tho next morning, which they com-
plied with. They had, says Penn, a most bless-
ed opportunity ; tho Lord's power appeared,
a student, who resided with a Lutheran min-
ister, whom the young woman sent for, was
Ill
THE FRIEND.
broken to pieces, and a doctor of physic wlio
accidentally came in confessed to tiic truth.
" When, after some days spent in Worms
and Krisheim, tiie Friends i-eturned to Frank-
fort, it was again the house of these two pious
ladies wiiero a meeting was arranged, ' whither
resorted some that we had not seen before.'
The religious exercises lasted till 9 o'clock at
night, and then the Friends had to stay to
supper. The ladies joyfully consented to an-
other meeting the following morning (August
29th), which proved to bo 'a blessed and
heavenly opportunity.' On the same morn-
ing, a more public meeting was held at Van-
dewalle's bouse, which was likewise a great
success, those present being in a tender and
broken frame of mind.
For '• The Friend."
George Moore.
(Concluded from puge 109.)
Some of the foregoing extracts from the
memoranda left by George Moore, evince the
religious thuughli'ulness of his mind, and his
conscientious concern to be found a good
steward of the outward wealth committed to
him. His earlier years were those of a busi-
ness man of the world. The sudden removal
of his brother-in-law, his own sevcro illness,
and the death of his worthy partner, Grou-
cock, in 1853, were instrumentalinawakcning
him to a serious consideration of his spiritual
condition. Ho passed through a season of
great depression of mind, in which he under-
went many conflicts of spirit. While in this
condition, he wrote, " Oh that I could feel
that I bad at length entered the strait gale,
and was travelling the narrow road that
Icadeth to eternal life! As Newton says, I
know what the world can do, and what it can-
not do. It cannot give or take away that
peace of God which passetli understanding.
It cannot soothe a wounded eonscicDco like
mine, nor enable me to feel that I could meet
death with comfort. I feel a constant conflict
of conscience with inclination, of the desire to
do right against the promptings of evil. 1
feel that I am unstable as water — poor, weak
and simple." In another entry, ho says, " I
have been earnestly praying for the last two
years, for God to give me some sudden change
of heart, but no sudden change comes."
At length some light and comfort began to
dawn on his soul. " 1 am determined," ho says,
" for the future not to perplex my mind with
seeking for extraordinary impressions, signs
or tokens of the new birth. I believe the
Gospel, I love the Lord Jesus Christ." "The
new birth must be a change of mind, from
ungodliness to belief in and worship of God
through our blessed Mediator. This is ex-
pressed in the Old Testament by the promise
of God: 'A new heart also will I give you,
and a new spirit will I put within you ; and
I will take away the stony heart out of your
flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh.' "
lie became anxious to show his faith by
his work.". "Profession," he says, "must be
accompanied by practice. At the same time
good works are no justification before God,
for by the flesh shall no man be justified. The
believer is justified, but good works must
prove his claim to the title. Good works are
the evidence of faith." Therefore it was that
he became so abundant in his efforts to p
mote the spiritual and temporal welfare of his
fellows ; that he recognized tKe poor, the des-
titute and ihc degraded as brethren and sis-
ters, who hatl a claim upon his help and sym-
pathy ; in short that he so used bis time,
talents and wealth as to make the language
of the patriarch Job applicable to himself —
When the ear heard me then it blessed me ;
and when the eye saw me, it gave witness to
me : because 1 delivered tha poor that crioti,
and the iatherless, and him that had none to
help him: the blessing of him that was ready
to perish came upon me, and I caused the
widow's heart to sing for joy."
He was not ashamed on suitable occasions,
to avow his religious views. When dining
with a friend, one of the guests remarked,
" Surely there is no one here so antiquated as
to believe in the inspiration of scripture."
" Yes, I do," said George Moore from the
other side of the table, " and I should be very
much ashamed of myself if 1 did not." Silence
followed, and the subject was changed. When
the company had retired to the drawing-room,
(he non-believer in inspiration asked of one of
the Avomcn, " Can you tell mo who is the
gentleman who so promptly answered my in
quiry in the dining-room?" "Oh, yes! He is
ray husband." " 1 am sorry," said ho, " that
you have told mo that so soon, for I wished
to say that I have never been so struck with
the religious sincerity of any one. I shall
never forget it."
The death of George Moore was sudden.
While standing in the streets of Carlisle, in
the fall of 1876, he was struck by a runaway
horse, and so severely injured that ho lived
but twenty-four hours after. But though his
death was sudden, it could scarcely be said to
be unlooked for. For some time previous, the
thought of death seemed almost ever present,
and he ollen said, " Let mo be ready, ready !"
Ho began his diary of 1876 with the follow-
ing entry: "It maybe that 1 have entered
on the last year of m}' mortal career. If so,
what have 1 to rescue me when stripped of
all that 1 can call my own ? I do believe that
Jesus will go with me through the dark valley,
and that 1 shall have abundant entrance into
the presence of God."
As the time of his death drew near, his wife
says he often spoke of this and that having
been finished, done with, and " ended."
Ho had been invited to attend a meeting
of the Nurses' Institution at Carlisle, and
having learned that the object of the meeting
was to set apart some nurses to help the poor
and helpless, he said to his wife, "I must go;
it will bo the last time I shall be in Carlisle."
As he descended the stairs to his carriage, he
called to his wife, " What is that passage in
St. Matthew ?" Do you mean, " 1 was sick
and ye visited me?" "No!" he said, "I re
member: 'Well done thou good and faithfu
servant, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord.' "
These were the last words that passed be
twcen husband and wife in their happy^ home.
When the accident bad occurred, George
was carried into an inn near by, where h'
wife soon joined him, shethua describes the
last scene :
" Ho bad so often talked of death while in
health, and of wishing to be told he was dying,
and that he hoped 1 would say three texts to
him ; so 1 felt that I must tell him. At first
I said, George, darling; wo have often talked
about Heaven. Perhaps Jesus is going to
take you home. You are willing to go with
Him, are you not? He will take care of you.'
He looked wistfully in my face and said, ' Yea
I fear no evil. He will never leave me noi
forsake me.' Several times after, he said j
word or two, expressive of the same trust
He was soon past much speech. But he kuevA
perfectly that he was dying, and his faith
iailed not.
For "Tlie Friend."
The Bliick-throatMl Bunting, (Eusplzii Americana.)
Though this bird may not be familiar t;j
most of the readers of " The Friend," yet it iij
not by any means rare in some of the States!
though in the eastern portion of our ownj
(Pennsylvania,) it is not frequently met with
It appears to inhabit certain localities, whih'
in others it is rarely seen ; for instance, then
is a district of country about six miles norti'
of Philadelphia, where some five or six pain
of this species can be seen every summer, anc
these birds are confined to an area of noi
more than one mile square.
The sides of the head of the male and sidei
and back of the neck are of an ash color ; th(
crown tinged with yellowish green, with j
superciliary and short maxillary line ; the mid
die of the breast, and edge of the wing yellow
chin, belly, and under tail coverts white ; f
black notch on the throat diminishing to the
breast; wing coverts of a chestnut color; in
terscapular region streaked with black, rest
of the back immaculate; length, about six-
and-a-half inches. The markings of the female
are less distinctly indicated.
They make their appearance in Pennsyl
vania, from the South about the 12th of 5ih
mo., and commence nest building about the
1st of Cth mo. The female chooses the sitq
of their domicile ; the male accompanj'ing
her from burdock to burdock, and from daisy
to daisy, until she finds a place to her liking;
but, be it said to her credit, she consults her
mate as to the fitness of the situation for theii
proposed home, and if the place proves satis-
factory to both, the male evinces his ])leasure
by mounting to the nearest tree lop and
chants his feeble attempt at a song, of ehee-
chee-chec che-chc, while his little mate goes
in search of building material for the con-
struction of their nest. She, like the Indian
squaw, performs all of the labor, aided by the
incessant chanting only of her mate; and
though he does not render her any assistance,
he will occasionally descend from his percb
to inspect her work.
The nest is placed in a bunch of daisies oi
burdock, generally three or five inches from
the ground, and is composed of fine dried
grass, and the smaller roots of plants; it ie
lined with horse hair. The eggs, which are
four or five in number, are of an uniform pale
bluish color about the size of a blue bird's ; in
fact they resemble the eggs of that bird so
closely that it would be extremely difficult tG
distinguish them, were the nest not found by
which they may be identified at once.
Incubation lasts about fifteen days; during
this time the male performs his humble chant;
which unmusical as it may be to our ears, ie
no doubt very cheering to his mate. AVhoQ
the young are hatched, there are five hungry
mouths to be fed, and a groat many grubs and
insects are required to satisfy those mouths,
tiny though they be. When the young are
able to fly their parents' labor does not endj
for we can see five little birds ranged along
the fence, crying out eagerly to be fed.
In the course of a few weeks they are old
THE FRIEND.
115
Imough to shift for themsolvos, but they accom-
|)any the old birds when they depart for tlie
ilouth ; for which journey, they ooranieneo to
iropare about the middle of 9th mo. From
his time we see them no more until the sunny
ays of the Fifth month bring them to us
i.gain. W. L. C.
I For "The Friend"
Will the Editors please insert the following,
laken from ''Evans' Exposition," if thought
[uitablo for the pages of "The Friend," and
fblige A. R.
f Iowa.
!' It appears from the ancient records of the
leligious Society of Friends, that at a very
arly period after its rise, a fervent concern
fAS manifested by the body, for the preser-
vation of its members in the unity of the
ilessed faith of the gospel. A godly care was
jjso exercised to guard against the promul-
fation of those unsound and speculative no-
ions, which, under various alluring and spc-
ious forms, the deceitful adversary of man's
■appiness is so often presenting to the active
>nd inquiring mind, to beguile the unwary
'nd draw them from their love and allegiance
p Christ Jesus, the Shepherd and Bishop of
mils. Our worthy Friends were fully aware
f the danger there is, in endeavoring to
flthom the inscrutable counsels of an all-
Hse and incomprehensible God, bj' the finite
iowers of human reason : and in attempting
,0 explain away, or to accommodate, the
jwlul " mysteries of the kingdom of heaven"
io the narrow conceptions of men. They
jhcrefore encouraged their members to cxei'-
iise that humble, confiding faith, which works
'jy love ; and which, without seeking to eom-
irehend "the why and the wherefore," de-
lights in simple obedience to the will of God ;
nd in expressing their views on doctrinal
loints, to keep close to the plain and explicit
iinguage of the KolyScriptures, relying upon
heir divine testimony, as the most authentic
nd perfect declaration of Christian faith, con-
aining a sufficient exphination of all things
ecessary to bo believed in order to salvatio
For **Tbe Friend.'
Incidents and Reflections.— No. 25.
EXERCISE OP FAITH.
A little while after William Bray had done
)uilding Bethel Chapel, he believed himself
Ifalled on to become instrumental in building
^ne at Kerley Downs, lie thus continues his
(■elation :
j " When this was applied to me I believed it
jtnd rejoiced greatly- to think that I was honor
Id to work for so good a Master as the King of
aeaven, and earth, and sky. Kerley Downs
jvas near a mile from where I lived, in the same
t)arish. At this place there was preaching in a
Iwelling-house, and a class met in the same
lOuse. The friends had been trying for
,ime to get a spot for a chapel, but had been
lisappointed. Thej^ had made a collection for
.he chapel they intended to have, but the site
[vas sold to a man for a higher price after it
aad been promised to the society. One of the
jeighbors who owned a farm said to one of
;he class, ' Where is the money you collected
JO long ago towards a chapel ? which you have
lot begun yet.' He said, ' If you have a mind
,0 build a chapel, you may have ground of
Tie.' I told the preacher we could have a
jpot for a chapel, and if he did not call a meet-
ng to appoint trustees I should begin about
the chapel myself. So he appointed a day
and got trustees ; but all that promised to help
left me to myself. So my little son and ' mo'
went to work, and got some stone; the good
friend who gave the land lent me his horse
and cart; and we soon set the masons to work.
Those who read this must remember that I
was a very poor man, with a wife and five
small children at that time, and worked in
the mine underground. Sometimes I was
forenoon ' core,' and when I had taken my
dinner I should go to the chapel and work as
I could see, and the next day do the
same. The next week I should be afternoon
' core ;' then I should go up to the chapel in
the morning and work until the middle of the
day, and then go home and away to the mine.
The week following I should be night ' core ;'
I should then work about the chapel by day,
and go to mine by night; and had not the
dear Lord greatly strengthened me for the
work, I could not have done it. When I was
ibout the chapel, I had potatoes to till in my
garden; and every Sunday I was 'planned.'
Sometimes I had to walk twenty miles, or
more, and speak three times. I have worked
twenty hours in the twent)--four ; and had not
the Lord helped me I could not have done it.
Bless and praise His holy name, 'for in the
Lord Jehovah is everlasting strength.' I do
know He is a friend when all other friends
eave us; and He will help us to overcome
our enemies.
"Sometimes I have had blisters on my
hands, and they have been very sore. But 1
did not mind that, for if the chapel should
stand one hundred years, and if one soul were
converted in it every year, that would be a
hundred souls, and that would pay me well if
I got to heaven, for they that ' turn many to
righteousness shall shine as the stars for ever
and ever.' So I thought I should bo rich
enough when I got there. The chapel was
finished after a time: and the opening day
came. We had preaching, but the preacher
was a wise man, and a dead man. I believe
there was not much good done that day, for
it was a very dead time with preacher and
people ; for he had a great deal of grammar,
and but little of Father. ' It is not by might,
nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the
Lord.' If it was by wisdom or might, I should
have but a small part, for my might is little
and my wisdom less. Thanks be to God, the
work is His, and Ho can work bj^ whomso
ever He pleases. The second Sunday aftei
the chapel was opened I was ' planned there.'
I said to the people, ' You know I did n
work here about this chapel in order to fill
my pocket, but for the good of the neighbors,
and the good of souls; and souls I must have,
and souls I will have.' The Lord blessed ui
in a wonderful manner.
"After this the Lord led me to build an
other chapel in the parish of Gwennap. Th(
Lord put it into the heart of a gentleman to
grant me a piece of land; and after we had
dug out the foundation, we wanted stone to
build with. The Lord put it into my heart
to go down by the railway and try to i-aise
stone. Some one had been there before, and
their quarry was poor. They had worked to
the east and to the west, and left a piece of
ground untouched in the middle. VVe went
to work on this piece, and the dear Lord
pany, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, and
that company will never break. I worked in
ray ' core' at the mine all the while I was rais-
_ stone; and as 1 was living a great way
from the place where I was building tho
chapel, tho Lord helped mo again by putting
t into a gentleman's heart to give me five
shillings a month while I was raising stone
for the dear Lord's house. At a coffee-house
near the quarrj', when I came up fVom mine
"ast 'core' by night, 1 had my breakfast for
sixpence or sevenpence, and then away to
also stone. When the masons were set to
work, 1 had no money in hand, and no bank
to go to but tho bank of heaven. But, thanks
to God, that is a strong bank ; and 1 had
often to go there bj' fiiith. At this time the
Lord sent Mr. T. to me, who said, ' You will
want timber, and lime, and slate, will you
not?' I said, ' Yes, sir.' Then he told me to
go to his stores, and have what I wanted.
When the masons wanted money I went round
collecting, and tho friends were very kind and
ave me money. 1 went to Camborne, and
farther west. Amongst other places I wont
to Helston, whore there lived a miser said to
be worth a great deal of monej', who was
never known to give anything to any object.
When I asked him for something for tho
chapel, he said he could not afford to give me
anything. I said, ' You can give me some
money if you like, and if you do not you may
soon die, and leave it all behind. Job was very
ich, but he soon became poor. I am begging
for the Lord's house, and if you do not give
me something tho Lord may take you away
fi-om your money, or your money away from
you.' When I told him further that the gold
was the Lord's, ho said, ' Go round the town
and sec what you can get, and come to me
again by and by.' I said to him, 'No, you
have got money, and I must have some now,'
and talked to him about what the Lord would
do with greedy people. Then he wiped his
mouth, put his hand into his pocket four or
five times and talked away, but at last he took
out two shillings and sixpence, and gave me.
It was a hard job to get even that from the
old raiser. I do not think Satan let him sleep
that night because the dear Lord permitted
mo to take-half-acrown from his god. When
I told some of the friends th.at I had got half-
a-crown from him, they said, 'it was tho
greatest mircle over performed in Helston.'
I had a ' plan' at St. Just, and after I had
done my work there I went on to St. Ives,
and was directed to find out a good man
named Bryant. St. Ivos was a small place
about the year 1838. Friend Bryant told mo
that I had come to St. Ivos at a very poor
time, for there was but little fish caught that
year; and some of the people were almost
wanting bread. 'It was poor times,' I said,
' with Peter when the Lord told him to let
down the net on the other side of the ship.'
Br. Bryant missed, for I had come at a very
good time, as the event proved. We went up
to the Wesleyan Chapel ; there were a great
many lively members and we had a good
meeting. We prayed to the dear Lord to send
some fish, and He did. After the meeting was
over, we went into a coffee-house to get a little
refreshment ; then we began our meeting, and
continued it till midnight, praying to tho Lord
to send in the fish. As wo came out of tho
helped me, as He said. Some wondered to meeting to go to our lodging, there were the
see what a lot of stone we got out. But they dear, poor women with the pilchards on their
must know 1 was working for a strong com- 1 plates, and the fish was shining in tho moon-
116
THE FRIEND.
light. The women were smiling, the moon
was smiling, and we were smiling; anil no
wonder, for the dear Lord put bread on many
shelves that night, and blessed many famil'
"VVe asked the women what tish was taken,
and they told us lliat many boats hud taken
ten thousand, and some twenty thousand
Against the next day there were, if I mistake
not, eight thousand casks taken. Some of th
tishermon said to me, ^ Now you shall have
some money for your chapel; and if 3'ou will
get a boat and come out wo will give you
some fish.' A friend with me, a carpenter, a
bit used to the sea, got a boat and rowed me
to the place where the fish were. They
looked 'pretty,' for they were shining and
leaping about, and the fishermen dipped up
the fish, and threw them into our boat. I
thought of the church ministers, who took
their ^;YAe of the corn ; but I took mine of the
tish. When we came to land, the carpenter
' told' up the fish to the people that bought
them, and 1 took the money, which amounted
to £6, 15s.
'•A druggist, also, promised me the profits
of one week on medicine sold, which brought
1110 two guineas more. Altogether I brought
away from St. Ives £17 towards the chapel.
So when I came homo I could easily pay the
masons and carpenters. You see how the
Lord helped me through all, — first by putting
it into a gentleman's heart to let mo have a
spot to build on ; then to get good stone in
■what had been only a poor quarry; alsi in
sending Mr. T. to tell mo, when 1 was not
worth a penny, to go to his store for timber
and lime and slate ; then in enabling me to col-
lect so much towardsthe expense of building;
and particularly at St. Ive-i, when the dear
Lord sent the fish in answer to prayer. lie
has said, 'Call upon me in the day of trouble,
and I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify
me.' And we arc 'in everything by prayer
and supplication with thanksgiving to lot our
requests bo made known unto God.' Bless
His holy name: I will praise Him and glorify
Him for ever and ever. ' O magnify the Lord
•with mo, and let us exalt His name togother.
I sought the Lord, and Ho heard mo, and de
livered me from all my fears. * * * This poor
man cried, and the Lord heard him, and saved
him out of all his troubles.' "
For "The Friend."
Charles Wheeler.
The closing days of the life of Charles
Wheeler, given by his father Daniel Wheeler,
have been much before mo since witnessing,
during the past week, a deeply instructive
scene, that of tho closing hours of a dear
young man who finished his course in the
the 32nd year of his age: leaving his rela-
tions and friends with "a comfortable hope"
of a blessed and happy immortality.
He was exercised amid his great physical
sufferings for those who were about him :
" Faithfulness — Faithfulness !" to our God, was
the burden of his deeply exercised spirit:
pressing it upon us, to "Bring all tho tithes
into His store-house," &c.
11th mo. 8th, 1878.
"Although my dear Charles has been nearly
two years in a critical state of health, and for
the last six or eight months rapidly declining
would say, 'if it be the will of m^' heavenly
Father, I could enjoy life a little longer;' but
in its more advanced stages he would acknowl
edge, that 'life is no longer desirable, under
such an accumulation of suffering: but the
will of the Lord be done.' About twelve
days before his close, he said to me, 'I am
going, I see it plainly;' and then adverted to
a check which had occurred in his disorder,
and had been the means of allowing him to
see all his family ; speaking of it as a mark
of Divine condescension, quite incomprehensi-
ble to himself. ' It is one of the links in that
chain of providences, with which I have been
so marvellously encompassed.'
He used frequently to compare his own
case with those of others in tho family who
had preceded him. Speaking about this time
of dear William,* [his brother] ho observed,
I know little about his death, but I know
how ho lived; he fed on heavenly food. O!
that I were as much prepared for the change
as he was, — to him to die was but to sink
nto his Father's arms;' adding with much
emphasis, 'blessed are those who can die as
he did.'
He often spoke of his own unworthiness,
saying, that his only dependence was on the
mercy of God in Christ Jesus ; and on this he
seemed to rest without a sense of fear. Once
or twice, when referring to the composure he
felt, ho said, 'surely I am not self deceived ;'
shortly adding, 'O! no; it cannot be that
the mercy, which has so signally followed me
up to the present time should now forsake mo.'
On one occasion he said to ono of his'conte'nd
brothers, 'heed not tho world nor the things 'about fou
&c. Ono evening when in a very sufforin;
state, he remarked, that this was a new kin(
of conflict to him, — ho had long been ac
customed to mental conflict; but such posi
live physical suffering, he had neither knowi
nor imagined. On being asked which h(
thought the more difliicult to endure, he re
plied, that in his present state, he greatlj
preferred tho contest allotted him; but, tha
when in health, when the mind was vigorous
lie thought the mental struggle less severe.
On the morning of the 5th of Second month
1840, wo thought him very near his close
but he afterwards revived and seemed dis
appointed at being again delayed. 0,i the
same day, when in severe pain, he supplicated
thus : O ! Lord, if it please thee, grant mo a
ttle patience ; for without thy holy aid, it is
past all mortal endurance.' As evening ap
oached, he seemed to have an extraordinary
dread of tho coming night, exclaiming de
spondingly, 'another night, another night;
and truly it proved a season of severe conflict,
though the last of mortal sutt'oring. About
nine P. M., a change was noticed which he
soon detected himself, saying, that he thought
ho was dying; and shortly afterwards, 'Ol
Lord, if it please thy righteous will, release
me. Blessed be thy holy name!' A short
time before the close, on being asked if he felt
peaceful, he replied calml}', 'I feel no fear.'.
He bade us separately farewell ; and I believe
his last connected expressions were, ' You are
very kind — the Lord Almighty blesS you.'
The pains of tho body seemed all he had to
"th : the struggle continued till
M., when he quietly expi
thereof;' I wish I had hooded it less; and j being apparently sensible till within a few
once when in great bodily extremity, he ex-jminutes of the last.
Dear Charles' desire that I should pray for
claimed, ' here is tho end of pride!' He was
frequently engaged in fervent prayer for pa-
tience and support, for the pardon of all trans-
gressions, and a release in the Lord's time.
Three days before his death he was heard
to saj', ' Bless the Lord, O my soul! and for-
got not all His benefits. P]ven though Ho slay
me, I will trust in Him. Blessed bellis name,
He has granted me a little relief. One crown-
ing mercy yet remains ; and for that I desire
to wait his time. O ! grant mo grace for this.
Thou, O Lord! art full of compassion and
gracious, or thou wouldst have abandoned me
long ago: even yet I feel my proneness to
rebel. O! lot thy Holy Spirit support me
through the few fearful hours that may re-
main; and grant, me patience to wait thy time.
I ask it for the blessed Saviour's sake.'
A text on which ho frequently dwelt, was
that in Revelations, ' They shall hunger no
more, neither thirst any more,' &c. ; and per-
haps his own sufferings from thirst, which were
at times distressing, led him to realize more
fully tho blessedness of thosj thus set free
from the infirmities of the flesh. A few day,
before his death, when parched with fever,
and much exhausted, he exclaimed, 'I shall
soon be where all is rest, and more than rest,'
referring to the passage, 'Eye hath not seen,'
William Wheeler died on the Isle of Wight, to
which place he had resorted for a more genial climate:
his illness was a consumption, which rapidly term-
inated his life.
The life of William Wheeler had been marked by
watchfulness and prayer, and a conscientious regard
ho did not appear entirely to lose the idea of 1 the pointing of Divine wisdom in the discharge"of his
recovery, until about a fortnight before hisl'"'^''?'®"'^ ''".'''^•''' ''^ ^*=" "*-' ''•5'''" activeand diligent at-
deceasc: of itsgreat uncertainty ho wasfullvl'^"Vi°"'°'"'' ?°"?1''"'' '" '"'■'''"^'*^' '"^ ^"'' ^'''^'^™'-|„ «• r *• 1 , ■ i- .• • i-
aware In the earlv i.nrt r,f 'L-c illnool 1 P'^'^^'y "°«'»ed with peace, and an humble and confid- » loeling of honest indignation in his mind,—
aware, in the early part of his illness he ing trust in redeeming mercy." Ithat an idea should be entertained of any
him, when on the bed of sickness, often tended ;
greatly to my own humiliation, it being at
that time frequently my lot to be as one un-
able to pray even for myself; and when the
spirit of supplication was at seasons permitted
to influence my mind, it was not that length
of days should be added to his life or that it :
should be shortened ; but that the will of his
heavenly Father should be done, whatever it ;
might be; and that all his afflictions might '
be sanctified to his eternal benefit : and strong '
were my cries to the God and Father of our-
Lord Jesus Christ, that though the dear suf-
ferer might not be permitted to give us any
strikingly comforting assurance of his being
'accepted in the Beloved;' yet that an evi-
dence might bo vouchsafed of his having been
admitted into that heavenly kingdom, which
shall never have an end. On looking at his
remains some hours after his departure, to
ray unspeakable comfort, I saw on his placid
countenance that evidence for which I had
besought the Lord. In the midst of death,
there was a sweet angelic smile, surpassing
that of life, its loveliness none can describe.
In the course of the illness of my dearest
Charles, and tho frequent opportunities wo
had of close converse ou subjects of tho highest
importance, ho hover once brought into view
his having forsaken all from an apprehension
of duty to accompany me on the long voyage
in the South Seas. To have reminded him of
a sacrifice which had cost him si much ; and
which I humbly believe was not only called
for, but accepted at his hands, by Him who
had prepared the oftoring, would have raised
THE FRIEND.
117
[I'it being due to hitn, or that he had any
f of dedication to lean upon, or to plead his
[ise. On the contrary, ho seemed truly to
bsess nothing of his own, but the intirmi-
|i incident to the frailty of human nature;
sn dvvelling on his own un worthiness of
1 least of all the Lord's mercies extended
bim, and alluding to them in humble grati-
e. Doubtless it was best that he should
jrisb so humble a view of himself; and I
er found it my place to throw out any
It, by way of encouragement to his often
oping mind : preferring to commit him
> the hands of Him who judgelh righte
liy, whose compassions fail not; and who
•er failcth freely' to forgive all that have
bing of their own to paj' unto their Lord,
vho are truly poor and of a contrite spirit.
Daniel Wueeler."
For "The Friuod."
The Yellow Fever.
Hhe following narrative, written by S.
ndruni, a clergyman of Memphis, detailing
personal trials in the pestilence which has
ently swept away so many of our fellow-
zens in the South, probably represents the
lerience of hundreds of others; and will
e a more vivid pictureof theseriouseharac-
of such a visitation than could bo derived
m general statements. It was published
the Etiigious Herald.
' On the first of August we occupied for the
t time a beautiful new residence, in one
iho healthiest portions of tho city. Our
lily consisted of parents, two sons, and a
ored woman. One of these sons was city
tor of a daily paper, and the other a law
dent. We were all pleasantly occupied,
I our family gatherings for meals and de-
ion were happy indeed.
Earl}' in the month tho fever made its ap-
.ranee in North Memphis, a mile or more
ay from our home. Then began the stam-
le of citizens, going by day and night,
ounting to such a panic as I never saw
ore. 1 considered the question ; I knew
II what the plague of 1873 was, and of
rse, dreaded a second trial of its horrors ;
. my course was clear; 1 was to remain,
oever might leave. I went to the citizens'
eting; aided in its organization ; took my
ceon a ward committee, and went to work.
3quested my wife and sons to leave. The
er one said his duty was to remain with
I and there was no place for discussion.
8. L. and the younger son agreed to retire
a few miles only.
•On the 29th of August, my son brought
■ postmaster, and also one of the proprietors
,he Avalanche, to our house : ho had an at-
k of the fever. My son, in his magna-
lity, put — Thompson, the postmaster,
ais own room. Up to this lime there had
n no fever in our immediate neighborhood,
lile — Thompson was dying at ten o'clock
night, my family physician sent for me.
)und him hopeless with the fever. Such
mtitieo of black vomit as he threw up, I
1 never seen before. ' My pastor,' he said,
wanted to tell you my peace with God is
feet. My mother taught me about Jesus,
1 I shall soon see him. and her.' Later in
night he was trying to sing. On reaching
ne just before day, 1 found — Thompson
1 just passed away. With a little group of
endants, I buried those two the next morn-
;. From four to six was a large attend-
ance at a funeral ; later in the epidemic there
were generally no attendants at all.
" On the 8th of September, my son Herbert
was attacked violently. We watched him, O
how anxiously and sadlj-, for three days and
nights. He died on the 11th. On the morn-
ing of that daj- his mother was smitten, and
at si.x o'clock in the evening I was seized
with the plague. For two days I had from
time to time talked with him about his death.
He professed faith in Christ in Savannah,
during brother Earle's meeting there, and
declared to the last his firm contidence in the
merits of Jesus Christ. He told mo about his
affairs ; suggested the character of his burial,
and affirmed his willingness to die. I called
his attention to the fact that he might have
gone away, and that he was dying for me. Ho
replied, 'I would do the same thing again in
similar circumstances.' 'Only this,' said he,
' I regret ; I leave viy life so unfinished.'
" On the 10th of September, our cook, Eliza,
who had been with us for years, and whom
we all loved, died with the fever. I left my
son several times at her request to read and
pray with her as she was passing away.
"It is a bitter thought that, for tho last six
hours, Herbert was left in the hands of a
strange nurse; neither parent being able to
see him and speak a last word of farewell.
" When Herbert died, George wasin Georgia
at his grandfather's, having carried my friend,
Dr. Boggs' children to their relatives. I had
a telegram sent to each of my children not to
come to Memphis. On learning, however,
that his brother was dead, and his parents
sick, George set out at once to cast his lot
with ours. * * * To my groat surprise,
on Sunday, the 15lh, George entered my room.
I shrieked with horror : ' You are a dead man !
Is not one son enough to sacrifiee to this
plague! Fly from this place!' He quietly
said: 'Father, be quiet. We are not afraid
to die. I have laid aside all my ambitious
views, aiKl do let me help you while I live. I
have felt that God was with me all the way,
and especially since leaving Chattanooga.' I
yielded to his wishes. He found our house
in the hands of strangers — black and white.
Some of these yellow fever nurses are drunk-
ards. They seek a good supply of stimulants
for their patients, and they drink f'reelj' them-
selves ; and often appropriate what they find
of valuables in the rooms and houses of the
dead. Changes of nurses were needed in our
house, and he made them promptly ; thus
contributing to our recovery, and especially
that of his mother. Three days after his
arrival, George was the subject of the fearful
fever. Ho went out a mile and a half to pass
the night at tho residence of Dr. Boggs. Af-
ter suffering all night, he was moved to a
house a little distant, and placed under the
treatment of Dr. McFarland, of Savannah,
Ga. Our reports of him for three days were
fixvorable. He grew worse on Sunday, the
22nd, and on Monday I left my house for the
first time; indeed I had not been out of bed
for a day ; and went to my son. Most per-
sons thought it would kill me, but God kept
me. I watched him and directed his nurses
for two days and nights; frequently talking
with himof death; repeating Scripture, hymns,
&c., and praying with him.
"When he died on the 25th, I returned
with the heavy message to his feeble mother.
Now we had 'sorrow upon sorrow.' Tho
next morning early we went to bury our dead.
We were both very feeble, and there was no
church member, no neighbor, no citizen to go
with us. The two nurses, one an Italian and
the other a Negro, were our only attendants
to and from the grave. There was no neglect
in this matter, no one to censure, but it shows
to what extremities the plague reduced our
people."
For -'The Friend."
The Cliemistry of Plant Growth.
(CoDtiDoed from page 106.)
The general distinction between organic
and inorganic substances, is the fact that tho
former are carbonized or charred by the ap-
plication of a dry heat, while the latter are
inot. Many of the latter are also indispensa-
Iblo to plant and animal life. Thus without
phosphorus it would be impossible for higher
Iforms of life to exist. It must not then be
supposed that because carbon, oxygen, hydro-
Igen and nitrogen are supplied in abundance
jto vegetation, it has all needed to complete
I its full development. Unless certain inorganic
'elements exist in the soil in abundance, growth
is stunted
Animals too require the presence of these
inorganic materials. Phosphorus is a very
important element of bone and nerve tissue.
About one-half the weight of bones is phos-
Iphate of lime, and one-fifth of this is phos-
jphorus. In an infant eight per cent, of the
I brain is phosphorus, which increases to six-
teen or over at maturity and diminishes in
jold age. While the brain of an adult idiot
contains no more than that of a child. Iron
exists in tho blood, sulphur in the muscles,
land chlorine and sodium in various fluids of
I the bod}'.
But animals are not constituted so as to
'derive their materials directly from the soil.
jThe plant first seeks them out, appropriates
■ them to its own growth, and puts them in a
'condition to bo useful to the animals. We
have seen that the two great kingdoms of
jlife, are entirely dependent on each other, for
keeping the proper supply of carbonic acid in
jthe air. Hero wo have another dependence
of tho higher life on the lower, for bringing
these essential elements to its existence, into
a form which adapts them to its use.
I Though so essential to animal and veget.i-
jblo life, these inorganic materials, are really
I but a very small proportion of the plant.
I They constitute the ashes which remain after
complete combustion. Sulphur and phos-
phorus belonging to this class, pass off as
gases, with the organic element.
Tho following table gives their proportion
in a few common crops.
OraiB of Straw of
Wheat. Wheat. Potatoes. Clover hay.
r Carbon, 46.1 48.4 44.0 47.4
Oxygen, 43.4 38.9 44.7 37.8
Hydrogen, 5.8 5.3 5.8 5.0
[Nitrogen, 2.3 0.4 15 2.1
Inorganic,
2.4
7.0 4.0
From this we notice that over 90 per cent,
of vegetable matter, is provided by natural
circumstances, and in most cases a large pro-
portion of the remainder. Yet all of this wilt
not sustai n plant growth, if the few ingredients
which often have to be supplied by human
agency are lacking. Man is asked to perform
but a trifle of the work, of crop nourishing,
and that trifle consists largely of transport-
118
THE FRIEND.
ing to the soil, tho elements elsewhere pro-
vided by iifiture. There are about eighteen
inorganic elements, which plants use more or
less in their growth. Of these it will only be
necessary for us to notice eight, as being the
most extensively diffused, viz : — iron, chlorine,
sodium, calcium, potassium, sulphur, phos-
phorus and silicon. Iron exists combined
with oxygen in sufficient abundance in most
soils. It has been found that plants cannot
perfect their green coloring matter without
tho presence of iron. Sodium and chlorine
are used in only moderate amounts, by vege-
tation, and may be derived from common salt.
If in the ground they are used in small quan-
tities. But healthy plants have been raised
in soil destitute of them. Sulphur is obtained
from sulphate of lime (plaster,) and is also an
ingredient of all artificial phosphates. In the
form of sulphuric acid it seems to be neces-
sary to agricultural plants. Calcium comes
from lime, which in an unslacked state is
calcium oxide, and combines in slacking with
water or with moisture from tho air. Besides
being a necessary constituent of vegetation,
it has other offices to perform, for the plant.
Most soils contain a quantity of animal or
vegetable matter, which if it be decomposed,
can be used as plant food. This is very
often surrounded by a quantity of carbonic
acid gas, which prevents the access of oxygon.
Without oxygen the decomposition cannot go
on. The burnt lime absorbs this oxygen
going back to its original state of carbonate
of lime, and permitting the air to facilitate
decay. It also assists in the decomposition
of some mineral substances, which are thus
prepared for use, and has a value in certain
heavy soils, by making them more loose and
friable, thus permitting the passage of air and
moisture more readily. Lime is also added
in the form of land plaster. As this requires
about 400 times its volume of water to dis-
solve it, it is most efficient in damp ground,
or during a wet season. Its value in retain-
ing ammonia has already been spoken of.
Silicon does not exist in a free state, but com-
bined with oxygen. It is most commonly
known in the form of the beautiful six sided
crystals of quarts or amethyst, or in irregular
masses, which are then culled flint. Sand
usually consists largely of silica, and when
cemented together by some natural cement,
it constitutes a rock variously called sand-
stone, freestone and brownstone. In these
forms it is entirely insoluble in water and
acids, and of no possible use as a fertilizer.
Silicates of potassium and calcium existing
in many soils, are however slowly decomposed
by carbonic acid, the silica unites with water,
and forms what is usually known as soluble
silica, and is thus taken up by the plant. As
there is abundance of it in all soih, it is prob-
able that this action, though very slow in its
operation, produces sufficient soluble silica for
all purposes of growth. It goes into stalks
of wheat, corn, and the stiff grasses that grow
on marshy land, and forms the hard, shining
outer sheath. It does not seem to be like cal-
cium indispensable to these plants, as healthy
wheat has been matured with almost no silica,
but when present it is taken up in large quan-
tities.
(To becontinned.)
Peace in this life consists not in an exemp-
tion from suffering but in a voluntary accept-
ance of it. — Fenelon.
Novel Reading iiiiil the Young.
There is a class of literature very exten-
sively published and read at the present day,
which it is to be feared has an influence for
evil largely under-rated ; and which cannot
but be viewed with anxiety by all those truly
concerned for the welfare of our country, or
interested in the education of the rising gen-
eration. I allude to those publications known
as novels, weekly story papers, and maga-
zines. It may seem strange to imagine that
any readers of " The Friend" should need a
caution on this subject, but the evil is so wide-
spread, so specious, and so frequently over-
looked, that the writer,feel8 like protesting
against what he considers a fruitful source of
trouble to parents, and moral and mental in-
jury to the young.
Any one living in one of our large cities,
will observe that books and periodicals of the
description mentioned are for sale at most
stores and news-stands ; that they are sold
very choapl}', and in such a form as to be
easily secreted by their j'outhful readers.
Some lay claim to greater i-espoctability than
others, but it is questionable whether the very
best do not but inspire a dislike for serious
reading, and whet the appetite for something
still more exciting and hurtful.
What is the general character of these
works of fiction, and what is their tendency?
In the first place they almost invariably give
incorrect ideas of life as it i-eally is. They
tell of impossible actions by boys and girls;
represent vicious deeds as noble; and portray
vice in brilliant colors. They speak of virtue
as cowardice ; are apt to ridicule religion and
religious people; they frequently make the
good appear as hypocrites, and misrepresent
the true relations between parents and chil-
dren. Their tendency is to familiarize their
readers with wickedness, either in its more
gilded or hideous forms ; and to teach that
riches are the great aim in life. They almost
universally give a distaste for study, and teach
a habit of superficiality ; while in many in-
stances they are undoubtedly a cause of nerv-
ousness to children, and directly tend to
weaken the mind.
Novel readers would have us believe that
at least some stories are effective agencies of
good; that they are instructive, that they
teach noble principles, and inculcate good
morals; and that reading them is a pleasing
and harmless way of passing the time. In
reply to this it can be said, that instances (if
such exist) are exceedingly rare in which a
novel teaches a good moral ; for generally
they are compelled to picture vice in some
way or other, in order to illustrate the good
effects which they claim to produce ; and it
certainly cannot be desirable to teach children
the temptations and sins of the world, sup-
posing that by so doing their feet will be
turned into the right direction. As regards
reading these works being a recreation, any
one candidly viewing the subject, cannot fail
to see that the cost far counterbalances any
supposed benefit derived from doing so. To
sum it all up, then, we find there is hardly
anything to recommend, and much to be said
against them ; thej' are a deadly poison to
cast befire the young, whether in the shape
of juvenile books or ]iapors ; and too diligent
care cannot bo exercised to prevent boys and
girls acquiring a taste for such works, either
from possessing them, or having access
them in our public libraries.
I have read somewhere that, " True culti'
brings out the common human mind in i|
and the rare gifts in few." There is nothil
more promotive of true culture than the rei|
ing of instructive and well selected books.j
they elevate the mind, enlarge the ideas, a I
teach the reader to form just opinions of m]
and things. How important is it, then, tli
young people should have placed before th(
that style of literature, which will tend to !
struct, and not degrade them ; not that iti
necessary to tire their brains with essays'
a scientific or philosophical character; H
their attention can be turned to truthful a]
quiet recitals of home-life, to biographies, i
history, to the wonders of nature, and abc'
all to the truths of the Bible. They shoi'
learn to depend on literature entirely fii
from exaggeration, and from the objectic
able features mentioned above, and which \i;
direct their affections and thoughts towarj
the truly beautiful. Such publications can 1
found for them, and will be appreciated !
them. When these facts shall have bocoi'
more generally recognized ; and when pareil
and guardians of the young shall more ci|
rectly estimate, than many now do, their |
sponsibility in the matter; then will therisi'
generation grow up, not only intellectual |
but also morally and spiritually the bett
for it. M^
11th mo. 187S.
[In transferring, at the request of the i
thor, the following from the journal in whi
it originally appeared, to our columns, i
have taken tho liberty of omitting a f
lines. The Friend to whom it refers wat!
valued contributor to the pages of our Joi
nal ; and wo doubt not many of our readi
will recall with interest the series of infor
ingand interesting articles, entitled "Eandc
Notes," in which she had gathered some
the reminiscences of her travels in Euro]
Those who have not attempted to prepc;
such a series of sketches, (extending in tl^
case to thirty in number,) can scarcely app i
ciate the amount of time and mental lah,
required to provide in this way for the cnti
tainment and instruction of their readers.]i
For tho '• Miincy Luminary'
In Memoriam. j
The dark shadow that has passed over o'
valley has saddened many hearts. The :,
moval of Susan Ecroyd Lippincott has broug:
poignant sorrow to her relatives and lovi
friends. Near the home of her childhood a
youth, and among scenes she so fondly lov>;
and so sweetly sung, thej' have laid down I
fair form to be seen of them no moro on earl]
Our lamented friend was endowed with £|
quisite sensibilities, and drew inspiration frc
everysceneof beauty and sublimity. Whoth
among the grand old canons and migh
peaks of Colorado and California, or t
Alpine glories of Switzerland, tho sweet a
quiet greenery of her beloved England, or t
rich coloring of classic Italy, her poetic a
artistic sympathies throbbed in rapturous
sponse. But from all these her heart ev
turned to the vale of her childhood with
yearning that would not be stilled. Her i
tivo nobility of character was adorned by t
graces of the humble christian. Years of
tiraate acquaintance with her did but increj
THE FRIEND.
119
p admiration that casual intercourse awak-
(3d, and the perfections of her character con-
ued to develop as age and experience ex-
nded lier sphere.
i. friend writing of her remarks: "I have
r felt for her a tender afteetion and a very
;h appreciation of her native refinement of
iracter and superior intellect. There was
nothing so truly womanly and sensitive in
p nature that her literary taste never car-
d her beyond the range of the affections
1 the domain of domestic duty. But to me
■spiritual attainments and sympathy, her
rm love for her Saviour, were the diadem
it crowned the whole, and gave her society
harm I shall never forget. I have, 1 trust,
)fited in such intercourse with her, and
mod from her attractive example that ' the
ysof wisdom are those of pleasantness, and
r paths peace.'"
An i ntimate friend of her early years writes:
n our j'outhful da3'8 we were fast friends,
d the intimacy then formed continued
rough life, and time never impaired in any
ree the friendship and attachment of early
Her many rare qualities of mind and
art were always appreciated by me, and as
Iwell upon the life thus ended upon earth,
I truly thankful to have been permitted to
and to love, as I did, so beautiful a
aracter."
To few, perhaps, can the following lines,
Whittier, be more appropriately applied,
they sum up the graces of her christian
)manhood:
" She kept her line of rectitude
With love'.s unconscious ease,
Her kindly instincts understood
All gentle courtesies.
correct lines, and the vigor to fill them
ith our might. — Ann Taylor.
The dear Lord's best interpreters,
Are humble Christian souls.
The gospel of a life like bar's
Is more than books or scrolls.
From scheme and creed the light goes out,
The saintly fact survives,
The blessed Master none may doubt,
Revealed in holy lives."
Our precious friend left many proofs of her
powers, but none can we more appro-
iately adduce than the following, written
ion the steamer after having bade farewell
her English friends, the last of whom was
beloved cousin, on the eve of her return
mewai'd. They are the last metrical lines
e wrote, and now seem to us to have been
dl}' prophetic :
" She slips away from her river moorings, ^
And spreads her wings for a seaward flight ;
A blue mist falls on the toil-worn city,
As we speed away in the dusky night.
Fading away — fading away !
I shall Me from their life away !
As the ship sails down to the distant bay,
As the sun dies out of the summer day,
So shall I fade from their life away!
But memory dwells with a softened pleasure,
On pictures that time will never efface,
And ever within the golden setting,
There lingers the charm of a fair sweet face.
Fading away— fading away !
I shall fade from their lives away!
As the ship sails down to the distant bay,
As the sun dies out of the summer day,
So shall I fade from their lives away !"
J. S. L.
Opposing duties, though sometimes talked
)out, do not, as I conceive, exist. That
hich God does not require is not duty, and
dra
up ^^^__
The Power of Gentleness. — It is related that
a belated stranger stopped all night at a
farmer's house. He noticed that a slender
little girl, by her gentle ways, had a great
nfluenco in the house. She seemed to be a
bringer of peace and good-will to the rougher
ones in the household. She had a power over
animals, also, as the following shows:
' The fartner was going to town next morn-
r, and had agreed to take the stranger with
him. The family came out to see them start.
The farmer gathered up the reins, and, with
jerk, said: 'Dick, go 'long!' But Dick
dn't 'go 'long.' The whip cracked about
the pony's ear, and he shouted, ' Dick, you
ascal, get up!' It availed not, then came
down the whip with a heavy hand; but the
stubborn beast only shook his head silently.
A stout lad came out and seized the bridle,
and pulled, and yanked, and kicked the re-
bellious pony ; but not a step would he move.
At this crisis a sweet voice said: 'Willie,
don't do so.' The voice was quickly recog-
nized. And now the magic hand was laid on
the neck of the seemingly incorrigible animal,
and a simple, low word was spoken. Instantly
the muscles relaxed, and the air of stubborn-
ness vanished. 'Poor Dick,' said the sweet
voice, and she stroked and patted softly his
neck with those childlike hands. ' Now, go
along, j'ou naughty fellow,' in a half-chidin
but in a tender voice, as she drew slightly on
the bridle. The pony turned and rubbed
head against her arm for a moment, and
started off on a cheerful trot, and there was
no further trouble that day."
The stranger remarked to the farmer:
"What a wonderful power that hand pos-
sesses!"
The reply was,
"Oh, she's good! Everybody and every-
thing
loves her."
THE
FRIEND.
ELEVENTH MONTH 23, 187S.
From the accounts now received from the
extended district within which the Yellow
Fever has been prevailing during the last
four months, it may be hoped that its ravages
have ceased, and that the inhabitants of that
section of our country are entering on the en-
joyment of their usual share of health.
Much has been said and written respecting
the causes producing the destroying pestilence,
and of the means supposed to be adequate for
its prevention, or to control its spread, and a
commission has been appointed to make a
thorough investigation into the subject, and
report the result of their labors.
The remote causes of epidemic diseases are
generally, if not always, outside the body,
affecting, when absorbed, the natural func-
tions of different organs, so as to produce ir-
regular action and excite a morbid condition.
Although names have been given to these
supposed morbific agents, as " malaria," " or-
ganic virus," &c., produced by natural causes,
in some occult way, yet little or nothing is
really known of their constituent elements or
the manner in which they are compounded.
^ ^^^.^ .^^^ ..^^....^ .^ u-w _,,„..^ — .„ „ „.„^
requires exertions inconsistent with I Yet medical science and
ch other. What we need is wisdom to done much to remove or
believed to give rise to different diseases, as
well as to ward off their fatal effects when
unhappily developed, and it is a pressing duty
carefully to investigate the conditions that
experience has proved are generative of these
causes, and to store up and use the knowledge
that ma}^ enable to avert the spread, or lessen
the fatal characteristics of diseases that prey
upon the human family.
Man's own wilfulness and perverse indul-
gence of his natural appetites are, in one way
or another, fruitful sources of the pain and
sickness he suffers, and it is hardly probable
he will over fully understand the nature of
all the uncontrollable agencies that give rise
to the phenomena of disease ; certainly he can
never free himself from the effects resulting
from the incessant variation in the weight,
temperature and moisture of the atmosphere
in which he lives and breathes, each of which
exert a potent influence on the functions of
his body.
Perhaps the most fatal diseases are those
generally spoken of as "contagious; that is,
they are propagated by some emanation from
the bodies of those affected with some one of
them, passing .to another who is in health,
and producing a specific train of symptoms,
ever the same in character, though varying
in their severity. These emanations are sup-
posed to be organic poisons generated in the
diseased system, thrown off by some one of
the eraunctories, and absorbed by those ex-
posed to them ; but little or nothing is known
of their intrinsic nature.
It is an humbling consideration that the
luman system may become so vitiated as of
tself to distil a poison that renders approxi-
mation to it dangerous and often destructive,
and it has been contended that there must
always bo some external generative agency.
But contagious diseases, such as Small-pox,
Diphtheria, &c, must have had a beginning
somewhere, and at some time, ami there is no
good reason given why the system may not
become so terribly deranged and depraved by
physical or mental causes, that some of its
secretions will be converted into a poison
communicable to others exposed to its con-
tact. Sudden fright has been known to change
the color of the hair in the course of a few
hours, and a case is recorded where the same
cause covered greater part of the body with
warts in a short time ; there is therefore noth-
ing incredible in the theory of other corrupt-
ing agencies changing some of the secretions
into a^poison analogous to that of the serpent.
But these are questions that may be left to
doctors to discuss and decide, and perhaps the
report of the Commission appointed may
throw some light upon them.
Our object, when we took up the pen, was
to call the attention of our readers to a con-
sideration of this subject, rarely if ever allud-
ed to in the various disquisitions put forth on
the awful scourge that has been passinjjover
so large a section of our beloved country.
Formerly it was a common opinion that pes-
tilences— whether epidemic or contagious —
were of direct supernatural origin, inflicted
on communities as chastisement for sin. But
with us at the present day, the attention of
the people is so constantly turned to theories
relative to the natural or secondary causes
supposed to have originated, or invited the
lodgment and propagation of the Yellow
- . ~ . . -,ij jjjjg [)QQa
manifested
hygienic art have Fever in the. South, and so much
modify the agents 'said— and properly said— of the i
120
THE FRIEND.
sympathy and generous aid extended by the
North for their siill'ering brethren, as con
tributing to the removal of the hostile feehng
80 rife during and since the civil war, that
there is danger of altogether overlooking the
serious lesson we ought to learn from the visi-
tation that has swept so many thousands into
eternity, aud desolated so many once joyous
With full belief in the production of the
"pestilence that walkcth at noonday" from
natural causes — as before expressed — we are
equally convinced that it is permitted and in-
tended by Him, in whoso hand are the issues
of life and death, to awaken the forgetful and
rebellious people to a sense of their sins, their
estrangement from and ingratitude to the
Author of all their blessings, and rightful
claimant of their obedience and love. But
alas ! it is the fashion of the day, among a
numerous class, to strive to thrust the omnipo-
tent and omniscient Jehovah away from the
immediate superintendence, ordering and sup-
port of the workmanship of his holy hand, to
substitute therefor what they call the reign
of law, and so do away with all supernatural
interferences, even in the being, and in the
aftairs of men. But the true Christian knows
that He is the source and centre of all life,
and in Him wo live, and move, and have our
being. Though " He sitteth upon the circle
of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as
grasshoppers," yet is He the Dispenser of life
and the means for supporting it, and He gives
heed whenever it ceaseth ; He heareth the
young ravens when they cry for food, and not
a sparrow falleth to the ground without his
notice.
There is abundant evidence in Holy Scrip-
ture that the Most High ruleth in the king-
doms of men, and sendeih forth death-dealing
maladies to execute punishment on communi-
ties that persistently rebel against his laws.
He commanded Moses to tell his chosen peo-
ple of old, "Jf thou will diligently hearken to
the voice of the Lord thy God, and will do
that which is right in his sight, and will give
ear to his commandments and keep all his
statutes, 1 will put none of these diseases upon
thee, xoldch I have brought upon the Egyptians,
for I am the Lord that henleth thee." We must
confess that the people of these United States
in practice fiill very far below the Christian
standard which they profess to acknowledge
as binding upon them. Wickedness stalketh
abroad throughout the land, and He who
looketh at the heart and knoweth the way
that we take, hath shaken his rod over us in
judgment, and it may be in mercy, if the peo-
ple will be willing "to hear the rod and who
hath appointed it," and learn righteousness
while his judgments are in the earth.
Let none flatter themselves with the idea that
wickedness abounds more generally among the
people where death has been reaping so large
a harvest, and that other communities may
escape; the lesson taught by our Saviour to
those who told Him of the Galileans whose
blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices,
is applicable to every part of our nation,
" Think ye that they wore sinners above all
who dwell in Jerusalem? 1 tell j-ou. Nay,
but except yo repent, ye shall all likewise
perish."
May we lay these considerations seriously
to heart, and be concerned individually so to
walk, day by day, in the Lord's counsel and
fear, as to find favor in his holy eyesight, and
move Him to withhold the farther display of
the rod of his anger, aud bless the nation with
his preserving care.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — -The managers of the coal comb
nation have decided to make the quota for the current
year 17,000,000 tons, an increase of 2,000,000 tons. The
allotment to the Reading Coal Company is 832,587
tons.
The annual report of the operations of the postiil
money order system, shows there were 4143 offices at
the close of the fiscal year; 5,613,117 domestic money
orders were issued, amounting to $8,442,355 ; 128,788
international orders were issued, representing about
$2,000,000. Deducting all expenses the money order
service yielded a net profit to the Government of about
$3,000.
The aggregate expense in operating the Bureau of
Engraving and Printing of the Treasury Department
during the year, was $538,861.33. During this time no
counterfeit has appeared on any of the work executed
by the Bureau.
The United Slates Government has purchased,
through a New York banking-house, sterling exchange
to the amount of about $5,500,000, required by the
Halifax award, to be paid to the British Government
in London on the 23d inst.
Last month 13,568 immigrants arrived at New York
For the nine months of the present year the total nnm
ber was 64,963 ; during the corresponding period of
1877, there were 69,522.
The statistics of marine disasters for the 9th month
report 85 sailing vessels, 7 English and one Italian
steamers lost.
Some of the members of Senator Saunder's Committee
to examine into the advisability of transferring the In-
dian Bureau to the War Department, have returned
from an extended trip West, where they have taken
much testimony from different persons interested in the
subject. Army officers generally believe the transfer
would be advantageous to the Indians and the Govern
ment ; but they do not desire the increased respon
sibility. Nearly all citizens of the West, especially on
the Pacific slope, favor the transfer. The Indians were
mostly opposed to the change, preferring to remair
under control of the Indian Department. The Winne
bagoes, and Indians in California, desire to become
citizens. It is understood the committee will not be
prepared to come to a decision till after additional tes-
timony is taken in Washington.
A frightful accident occurred on the Reading Rail-
road, at Mahanoy City, on the 16th, by the explosion
of a special engine standing in front of the station. The
superintendent was in the office at the time the boiler
exploded ; the engineer, a man standing in the door of
the station house, and four boys who were near the en-
gine, were killed ; several others were injured, and con-
siderable property destroyed.
There were 284 deaths in this city during the past
week. Of these 44 were from consumption ; diphtheria
9; scarlet fever 15; typhoid fever 7 ; disease of the
heart 10; old age 18.
Markets, <fec.— Gold lOOJ. U. S. sixes, 1881, coupon
and registered, 109J; 5's, 1881, 106; new 4i per cents
registered, 103 J; do. coupons, 104 J ; 4 per cents, lOOV.
Cotton was in demand, and steady at 9| a 9^ cts. per
pound.
Flour.— Extra, $4.25 a $4.75 ; patent and other high
grades, $5.50 a $7.50. Rye flour, $2.75 a $3.
Grain.— Wheat, red, $1.02 a $1.04; amber, $1.04 a
$1.06 ; white, $1.06 a $1.08. Rye, 57 a 58 cts. Corn,
38 a 44 cts. Oats, choice white, 28 a 33 cts. ; mixed,
27 a 28 cts.
Seeds.— Clover, 5J a 6J cts. per lb. ; flaxseed, $1.30
per bushel.
Hay and Stnaw.- Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts., per 100
pounds; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. Straw, 65 a 76 cts. per
100 pounds.
Beef cattle are dull, and sell at 5 a 5} cts. for extra ;
4J a 4J cts. for fair to good ; and 3^ a 4 cts. for common.
Sheep, 3 a 4| cts. per pound gross as to quality. Hogs,
4 a 4J cts. per pound, as to condition.
Foreign.— Part of the city of Norwich is reported to
have been inundated by a rise in the river Winsum.
Two of its most densely popul.ated districts are several
feet under water. Four or five miles of streets are sub-
merged, and the basements of factories, warehouses,
gran.aries and dwellings along the course of the river
are flooded. From three to four thousand dwellings
have been rendered uninhabitable. The flood has been
caused by a fortnight's continuous rain.
The Furness Iron and Steel Company, at Barrot i
Furness, have determined to close their iron mine
consequence of the depression of the iron tradu. ' i
will throw 2000 men out of employment.
It is estimated that in consequence of the stopp ;
of machinery at Burnley, the amount paid in w.ig i
one-third less than before the strike.
The continued depression of business has caused s
heavy failures among the chemical works at New Cu
England and Germany have agreed that after thu .
of the year 1879, telegrams between any points in
two countries will cost three pfennings (about si?
cents) per word, without restriction to the niiiiiii
number of words. The Dutch and Belgian Sutie I
have agreed to prorate on this basis.
The Marquis of Lome, the new Governor-Gen
for Canada, and the Princess Louise, sailed from Li'
pool on the 15th inst. for Halifax. Great preparati
are being made for their reception.
Emperor William, replying to an address preser
by a deputation of the Town Council of Wisbaden,
he hoped soon to resume the Government. He trui
that Germany's stand against criminal tendencies wo
be imitated by other States. "The peril," he said,
common, and so ought to be the defence."
Premier Tisza, speaking in the Diet on the 15th,
clared that the policy of Austria-Hungary was to
vent Turkey from becoming a prey to Russia,
expressed a firm hope that the Berlin treaty wouh
punctually observed.
The Russo-Turkish war has added 70,000,000 rou
(upwards of $50,000,000) to the annual interest on'
Russian debt, and inflated the currency by 500,000,
roubles.
A dispatch from Erzeroura declares that the 1
army in the new Asiatic provinces of Russia, has aj
been placed on a war footing.
A dispatch from Pesth, says, there have been serf
floods in the river Save, attended by considerable
of life, and an immense destruction of military ston
There have been violent storms throughout Cen
Italy, and the damage caused by them is aln
paralleled. Travel on all the railways between R(
and the north is interrupted. The Tiber overflo'
its banks, and the lower part of the city of Ro
inundated.
As King Humbert was entering Naples, on the 1'
an attempt was made to assassinate him. The wo
be assassin is a young man, says he belongs to no
ciety, but being poor, nourished hatred toward the ki
The king received only a slight scratch.
The Macedonian insurrection is said to be daily
creasing in dimen.sions, and spreading towards Epi
and Thessaly. The insurgents are divided into f
bodies variously located. For many, it is stated,
political trouble is a mere pretext for robbery
plunder. The Porte has sent a large force to sub
the insurrection.
A new map of Cyprus, published by one of the ni
eminent British geographers, says that the average t«
perature of the island is 52.8 degrees centigrade in i
month, and 82 degrees in the 8th.
City of Mexico advices of the 4th say, that the fal
silver has caused business depression. E.xchange.
New York is 22 per cent, premium, on London
pence, and on Madrid 25 per cent, premium.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, {Twenty Ikird Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent— John C. Hall, M
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boarc
Managers.
Died, at his residence in Allowaystown, Salem (
New Jersey, on the 13th of lOtli mo. 1878, Willi
F. Reeve, in the 77th year of his age, a membei
Salem Monthly Meeting of Friends
— , at his residence in Westbranch, Cedar (
Iowa, on the 16th of 10th mo. 1878, James Penko
in tbe 37th year of his age, a beloved member
Hickory Grove Monthly and West Cedar Particu
Meeting of Friends. During his last sickness, whii
was of long duration, he was preserved in a calm i
composed frame of mind ; often praying for strengtl
bear the pain, and at other times asking to be releasi
saying, " not my will but thine, O Lord be done,
close was quiet and peaceful ; leaving his family a
friends the consoling belief that a crown of everlasti
joy awaited him.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 W.alnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, ELEVENTH MONTH ".0, 1878.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
3 ice, if jiaid in advance, S2.00 per annum; if not paid
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Postageonthosesentby mail.
Subacriptions and Payments received by
I JOHN S. STOKES,
IT SO. 116 SORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
For "The Frk-nd."
The late Total Eclipse of the Sun, as seen from
Denver.
There could scarcely be a more favorable
gion for observing the grand and impres-
ve features of a total eclipse of the sun, than
e plains and mountains of Colorado. The
ocky Mountains occupy the western half of
e State, and there are said to be one hun-
■ed and thirty peaks, that rise more than
t,500 feet above the level of the sea. Fifty-
ght of these have been named, and a list of
em with their altitudes is before me. If
is list can be relied on, thirty-four of these
saks have an altitude of 14,000 feet or more,
his great mountain chain rises rather ab-
ptly from the rolling plain or plateau that
Uends over the eastern half of Colorado and
iward across Kansas and Nebraska to the
issouri river. This great plain itself has,
ong its western boundary, an elevation of
oni five to six thousand feet, and it gradu-
ly slopes otf to less than one thousand iect
i the Missouri river. As the distance from
base of the mountains to the Missouri is
Dout 500 miles, the average inclination of
lis plain is less than ten feet to the mile.
ihe City of Denver is situated on this great
ateuu, about 13 miles from the base of the
foot-hills," and at an elevation of 5,220 feet
jove the level of the sea. The foothillstbem-
Ives rise to an average altitude of about
000 feet above the sea, some of thera, how-
per, being considerably higher than this.
rom Denver and other like situations on the
lains, numerous higher summits and ridges
ong the eastern part of this great mass of
ountain land can be seen over the foot-hills,
any of them partly clothed with perpetual
low. The streets of Denver cross one an-
ther at right angles, and one set run nearly
ue north-west and south-east. Up these
reets Long's Peak can be plainly seen, a
rominent and grand object, apparently a
ozen or perhaps a score of miles distant, but
jally forty-eight miles away. Its altitude is
i,271 feet. Almost exactly south of Denver,
ke's Peak can be plainly distinguished when
lie atmosphere is clear enough, peeringgrand-
r over the shoulders of the intervening foot-
ills. This fine peak is 63 miles distant, al-
itude 14,147 feet. At Denver we can see the
ont of the Rocky Mountains from below
ike's Peak, in the south, to a considerable
istance beyond Long's Peak in the north-
west, a total length of about 130 miles in a
direct line ; and almost innumerable peaks
and ridges, some bare and some snowy, rise
up to view from this great extent of moun-
tains, forming a beautiful and magnificent
picture. Over those grand mountains and the
plateau in front of them, the moon's shadow
was to sweep in its rapid flight across our
planet, on the 29th of the month. Can we
imagine a more favorable arrangement of
mountain and plain for the display of this in-
teresting phenomenon ?
It had been a question with us whether an
open situation on the plains in front of the
mountains, or some place up among the moun-
tains would be preferable for observing the
eclipse. We were well aware of the tendency
of clouds to form and congregate on the sides
and summits of mountains, and that they often
remain there for a long time while the plains
below are bathed in bright sunshine. From
nquiries on this subject we had leaVned that
these Colorado mountains are no exception to
the general rule in this respect, and that
therefore the probability of our having an
unobstructed view of the sun would be much
greater on the plains than on the mountains.
Besides, on the latter, unless indeed, wo scaled
one of the high peaks such as Gray's or Pike's
Peak, we might be much more hemmed in
and our view of the surrounding region more
limited than on the summit of even a moderate
elevation on the plain, especially if this latter
were far enough back from the foot-hills to
give us an extensive view of the great chain
of lofty mountains before us. Wo therefore
concluded that Denver or its vicinity would
be a very favorable location, perhaps the most
so of any, for observing the rare and interest-
ng phenomenon. As this place is only about
15 miles from the central line of the shadow
(to the north-east of it) the time of continu-
ince of the total phase would be only a very
few seconds shorter than on the central line
tself
We arrived at Denver on the evening of the
!5th of Seventh month, and on the alternoon
of the 26th we rode to some of the higher
ituations near the City, in order to find the
most suitable position from which to view the
eclipse on the 29th. The result of this ex-
amination was, that we selected a broad ele-
vated swell of the prairie, a mile and a half
east of the town, known as "Capitol Hill,"
from which there is a commanding view of
both the mountains and the plains. That
afternoon it was somewhat cloudy, and on
the previous afternoon it had rained on us
copiously as we travelled from Cheyenne to
Denver. We learned that there had been a
continuous succession of rainy or cloudy after-
noons for nearly a week past, and that the
weather had been very unsettled for two
weeks. This was discouraging ; and our ex-
perience during the next two days was by
no means reassuring. The 27th was cloudy
nearly all day, but towards evening the clouds
dispersed sufficiently to make a beautiful sun-
set, presaging fine weather on the morrow.
Accordingly the early morning of the 28th
was clear and bright ; but near noon dark and
threatening clouds formed as usual over the
mountains, entirely obscuring the western
sky, and a storm could be seen in that direc-
tion. In the afternoon this storm reached
the plains, and we had at Denver both rain
and hail. Again it cleared oflf towards even-
ing, and again the descending sun lent bril-
liancy and beauty to the scattering clouds;
but we had learned not to place much reliance
on this indication, in this elevated region,
where the broad, heated plains and the lofty,
snow-clad mountains are within a few miles
of each other. The 29th opened beautifully
clear; and as the air was decidedly cooler, we
began to hope that there had been a real
change for the better, one that would continue
for ten or twelve hours at least ; and our hopes
were not disappointed, for it remained clear,
or verj' nearly so, throughout the day.
We had engaged a carriage to be at the
door of our hotel at half past one o'clock ; and
accordingly soon after that hour our party of
five set off from the hotel, having with us a
jood supply of colored glass, some opera
glasses, a very good spyglass with a 23 inch
object glass, and a tripod that had been ex-
temporized for the occasion. We were soon
on Capitol Hill, whither others from the town
had gone for the same purpose. Selecting a
favorable place on this high but gentle swell
of the prairie, we erected our tripod and tele-
scope, and watched for the first appearance
of the edge of the moon on the sun's disc.
The sky was almost entirely clear. There
were a lew clouds near the horizon, but none
that threatened to interfere with the grand
exhibition. The sun shone with great fervor,
as it usually does in the clear and rarified at-
mosphere of this elevated region ; but by using
our umbrellas, and retreating occasionally to
our carriage, we escaped the burning effect of
his rays.
About the appointed time, 2 h. 20 m., Denver
time, we noticed a little notch on the west
edge of the sun. Slowly it increased and ex-
tended across the face of the orb of day. The
diminution of light and more especially of the
heat of the sun's raj-s was very noticeable as
the moon advanced, and ere long we needed
neither umbrella nor carriage to shelter us
from the heat. A peculiar darkness like that
produced by an approaching storm, seemed
to be settling around us and on the whole
landscape. When the remaining edge of the
's disk was reduced to a very narrow
crescent, we noticed that Long's Peak and the
mountains near and beyond him, were ap-
parently enveloped in a dark sombre mist or
cloud ; and some of the party really supposed
for a moment that clouds were gathering on
those distant mountains. Then soon we saw
this misty gloom approaching us, producing
mingled feelings of awe and admiration that
122
THE FRIEND.
cannot well be described ; and now, direcLing
our attention again to the western sky, we
presently saw the last or southern edge of
the sun diflajipoar, and then immediately the
CORONA broUe forth, a beautiful halo or ring
of light, witii rays extending from it in ])e
haps every direction but more especially to
the right and left. To my eyes the body of
rays on the right appeared forked like the
tail of some birds, while that on the left was
nearly straight at the ends. On either side
these rays were discernible to the distance of
one and a half or perhaps two diameters of
the sun.
Daring the absence of the sun we observed
a long line of fleecy, broken clouds near the
northern horizon, which from the effect of the
diminished light, were of a dark salmon o
bronze color. The hue was a peculiar one, and
there was almost a metallic lustre about it
The whole appearance of these clouds and of
the dull golden sky seen between and above
them, was very fine, and we thought this one
of the most beautiful features we had noticed
in connection with the deeply interesting and
magnificent phenomenon which it had been
our privilege to witness under circumstances
every way so favorable.
While the southern edge of the sun was
still shedding his light upon us, and before
the apparent cloud of misty darkness had
settled on Long's Peak, there was heard from
some of the numerous spectators near us the
exclamation "There's a star." On casting
our eyes in the right direction, we perceived
a bright little luminary in the west, not very
far from the horizon, which by its position
and appearance, was at once recognized as
Vetius. I noted the time, 3 h. 25^ m., which
was 3| minutes before the commenceinent of
total obscuration ; and doubtless if our atten-
tion had been turned exactly to the right
spot earlier, we would have seen this brilliant
planet while there was a much larger portion
of the sun uncovered.
During totality Venus, Procyon, Castor
and Pollux, Mars, Regulus and Mercury were
all seen, I believe, by one or other of our
party, also a star to the north, far distant
from these, which was probably Capella. The
position we occupied, commanding, as already
stated, a view of the Rocky Mountains for
130 miles from north to south, with its numer-
ous lofty and snow-crested summits, was so
pre-eminently fitted for observing the approach
and the receding of the moon's shadow, and
the effect of the growing darkness and return-
ing light on the landscape, that we had not
calculated on making much use of the tele-
scope during totality, presuming that the
observation of the landscape, the search for
the stars that might shine forth, and the study
of the corona, would fully occupy the two
minutes and three quarters of total obscui'a-
tion. The several members of our party and
a number of the bystanders had looked through
the instrument, some of us several times, dur-
ing the partial phase, but after the total phase
commenced, the view of what was going on
around us was so engrossing, that a very hur-
ried look at the corona through the telescope
was all that I attempted. As thus seen, it
was a beautiful object, even more so, perhaps,
than when viewed without the glass. The
lower part of the coronal i-ing on the right
hand or northern side appeared to be of a rich
rose color for about 30 or 40 degrees. I had
but a few seconds view of it, however, and for
this reason cannot speak postively of its char
acter, nor say anything about the red protu
berances %vhich were seen bv others at that
part of the sun's surface. While thus exam
ining the corona through the telescope, the
snii broke suddenly forth on the right hand
edge, the two minutes and forty si'conds of
total obscuration having passed even more
rapidly than we had anticipated, and the most
magnificent and interesting part of the exhi
bition, whether viewed through the telescope
or with the naked eye, was over. Upon quit
ting the instrument and looking up, I was
surprised to find a cloud — a small thin veil of
white — interposed between us and the sun
but it was so light and thin that it could
scarcely have interfered at all with our view
of the phenomenon.
Turning our eyes about this time to the nor-
thern landscajjc, we saw that Long's Peak
and all the mountains in that direction w
lighted up again, the snowy ])atches glowing
beautifully in the renewed light of the sun'i
I'ays; but Pike's Peak and the mountains ii
that direction were still in the shade, and the
most remote of them must have remained so
for nearly two minutes after the sun broke
forth upon MS.
The moon's shadow as thrown upon th
earth's surface isnearly elliptical, except inthe
very rare instance where the moon is vertical at
the time of central eclipse. In the present case
and in this region, the elliptical shadow mea
surod approximately 128 miles in its greatest
diameter — extending from lOJ degrees north
of east to 10} degrees south of west, — and
9-t miles in its least diameter at right an;
to the former. It entered Wyoming with a
velocitj' of 291 miles per minute, swept almost
due south-enstoi'ly across that Territory and
the State of Colorado, and when it left the
latter it was moving at the rate of 3-1 miles
in a minute.* On a pocket map of Colorado
and the adjoining territories, I had drawn
the outline of the shadow showing its approx-
imate size, form and position at the time
when the middle of the eclipse was to occu
at Denver. From this we learn that at that
time, 3 h. 30 m. p. m., the north edge of the
moon's shadow was just leaving the snowy
summit of Long's Peak, 48 miles to the north-
west, while the south edge was then so near
to Pike's Peak, that in a quarter of a minute
it would darken his bare and storm-beat sum-
mit 63 miles to the south of us. I cannot
say that any of us verified this by observation.
There were so many things to look for and
enjoy during the total obscuration, that the
time was much too short to see every thing.
After the sun re-appeared, we did not remain
long at our station on Capitol Hill, but drove
back to the City, noticing on our way the
crescent-shaped iraagesof the sun interspersed
imong the shadows of the trees by the way-
side; a phenomenon which the absence of
trees at our station had prevented us from
observing. Erecting our tripod and telescope
near a window in our room at the Alvord
House, we witnessed from that convenient
and sheltered position the gradual withdrawal
of the moon's opaque body from before the
face of the central orb of our system. The
city of the moon was well brought out
by the glass, and it had exactly the appear-
In an article copied into "The Friend," (page 20
of the present volume,) the velocity of the moon's
hadow is erroneously given as " about thirty miles per
second."
anco of a groat black cannon ball susjicud
before the sun. The atmosphere was sm pi:
and clear, and the telescope defined sn w^
that I had a very satisfactory observation
the end of the eclipse, which occurred ivi-oi
ing to my time, at 6 h. 26 m. 46 s. W .shii
ton mean time, or 4 h. 34 m. 59 s. Denvci- Lin
This is 3 J seconds later than the time ulh
contact as determined by Professor Culbi
on Capitol Hill.
As compared with the total eclipse of Lsiji
which two of our company witnessed \vi,
great interest at Bristol, Tennessee, this o
presented a brighter but less beautiful corOB
that is to sa3', the inner corona or ring of lig
was brighter and broader on the present oc(
sion, but the radiating rays were less brig
and not so well marked, although probab
more extended. The bounds of the shade
on the landscape were, perhaps, not so w
defined in the Denver eclipse as in that
1869. This may have been owing to the oth
difference just referred to, viz.; the greal
amount of light shed by the corona, in tl
last eclipse. I apprehend this greater brigl
ness of the coronal ring, may be in part :
tributed to the rarity and transparency of t
atmosphere in this dry and elevated regie
5200 feet above the sea.
At the Signal Service Station in Denver;
record was kept of the temperature, both i
the sun shine and in the shade, during t
eclipse. About the time of the first contan
the temperature in the sun marked 114°, ai,
it gradually fell to the minimum 82°, whi'
occurred at 3 h. 35 m. p. M., about three mij
utes after the end of the total phase. It :|
terwards rose rapidi}', and at the time of la
contact, 4 h. 35 m. p. M., it rniirked 100°, whii
was the highest after the eclipse. In the sha
the maximum temperature for the early pa
of the afternoon was 89° about 10 minutj
after first contact, continuing at this for ti|
minutes more, and then gradually fiilling ]
the'minimum 83°, which, however, it did n]
reach until about 20 minutes after the middj
of the total phase. Prom this it gradual!)
rose, marking 88° about the time the eclip;
ended, and 92° at 10 minutes after 5 o'ciocj
It will be seen from the above that the the.
raometer placed in the sun marked during til
sun's absence a lower minimum than the oi;
in the shade. This must have been owit;
either to a difference in the situation of tli
two or to some inaccuracy in the thermorai
ters or in the observations.
C. J. A.
"Honest Friends, of what employment s
ever, were then concerned to be testimonj
bearers in the way of their trade or businee;
and though it looked for a time as if it won;
have hurt their trades, j'et as Friends wet
faithful, and preserved in a meek and qui.
spirit, they prospered ; and though some ha'
but little when they were convinced, their ei!
deavors were blessed ; for being diligent in tb
lagementof their trades and affairs, an
carefully keeping their word and promise^
they gained credit in the country." — C. Stor'
1685.
The Religious Herald says : Speaking of tV'
generous contributions of the Northern ]>e(
pie to the yellow fever 8utferi.-rs, the Christia\
* For an account of this eclipse, see vol. xliii. i
The Friend," pp. 4 and 9. ,
THE FRIEND.
123
,/,',, (of Atlanta, Ga.) says: "They have
nqiuTcd us again. We are overwhelmed ;
0 ai'' brought to tears. Were we ever ene-
ie- ' Lt't this river of love be a river of
iliviiui to all our animosities, and, seeing
iri>t in each other, let us love each other
r Li^ sake." Amen and amen !
John Welch the Peacemaker.
Ftini' >us among the godly Scotchmen of olden
me lor fervent piety and earnest zeal and
ran-'- prophetic foresight, may be named
.liii Welch, who was born inNithsdale about
le year 1570. A wild and graceless youth,
3 broke from the restraints of school life and
le discipline of his father's house, and joined
imself to a band of thieves upon the English
Drdcr, who lived by robbing and plundering
1 both sides of the line. Here he speedily
lund the rags and misery which are the
rodigal's appropriate portion, and soon re-
ived to arise and go to his father.
Fearing to meet one whom he had so great-
injured and oflended, he went to Dumfries
nd spent some days at the house of an aunt,
gnes Forsyth, whom he entreated to inter-
jde on his behalf. While he was lurking
lero, the father providentially came to the
ouse on a visit, and after talking a while
ith him, the aunt inquired wiicther he ever
eard tidings of his son John.
" Oh cruel woman !" said he, " how can you
ame him to me, the first news I expect to
ear of him, is that he is hung for a thief."
She sought to comfort him with the thought
hat many a profligate boy had become a virtu
us man, but he reiterated his apprehensions,
nd asked whether she knew if John were yet
live. She replied that he was, and she hoped
le would prove a better man than he was a
)oy, and then called upon him to come to h
ather. He came in tears, and falling upon
the place was so divided in factions and filled
with bloody conflicts, that a man could hardl3^
walk the streets in safety. Welch undertook
to quell these fierce disturbances, and in his
earnestness he used often to rush between
two parties of men fighting, frequently in the
midst of blood and wounds. He was accus-
tomed to cover his head with a helmet, but
never to take a sword or weapons, that the}'
might see that he came for peace and not for
war. After having separated the contending
parties, and reconciled them by peaceable
words, he would cause a table to be spread in
the open street, and there bring the enemies
together, and offering up a prayer to God,
would persuade them to forgive each other
and eat and drink together, when he would
end the work by singing a psalm of praise.
By such zeal and fervor he gained the bless-
ing that belongs to the peace-makers, and was
truly called a son of God. Eude as the peo-
ple were they were won by his example and
his doctrine, and he became their friend and
counselor in whom they most implicitly con-
fided. Nor was their confidence in him mis-
placed, for his words seemed specially marked
by divine wisdom.
At one time when the gi'eat plague was
raging in Scotland, the town of Ayr being free
from the infection, the gates were guarded
with sentinels and watchmen, lest any travel
lers should bring in the dire disease. One
day two travelling merchants, each with a
pack of cloth upon a horse, came to the gates
of the town desiring to enter and sell their
goods. They produced a pass from the mag-
istrates of the town from whence they came,
which at that time was free from the plague.
The sentinels would not admit them until the
magistrates were called ; and when they came
they would not decide ujion anything without
the advice of their minister. Accordingly
John Welch %vas called, and his opinion asked.
lis knees besought his father for Christ's sake He hesitated, and putting oft' his hat lifted hi
pardon his off'ences, and solemnly promised eyes toward heaven for a while, continuin
ead a better life. His father reproached
nd threatened him, yet at length the tears
f the son and the importunities of the aunt
»ersuaded him to receive the returning prodi-
jal, who entreated his fiither to send him to
lollege, promising that in case of any future
nisbehavior he would be content to be dis-
)wned forever. He accompanied bis father
nome, was sent to college, became a diligent
student and sincere convert, and at length
jntered upon the ministry of the Word of God.
He was very young when he was first set-
iled at Selkirk, in a rude part of the country,
ind many years after an old man related that
he, when a boy, was the bed fellow of the
young minister at Selkirk, and that when he
retired at night he used to lay a Scotch plaid
above his bed-clothes which he used to wrap
bim when he arose to engage in nightly
prayer; for from the beginning of his minis
try he was not content unless he spent seven
or eight hours daily in supplication.
Various persecutions and hindrances dis-
posed him to remove from Selkirk to Kirkcud-
bright, from which place in the year 1590 he
went to the town of Ayr, a place so noted for
ungodliness that there could not be found one
in all the town who would let him a house to
dwell in. He was accommodated for a little
time with rooms in the house of a gentleman
named John Stewart, an excellent Christian
man.
When Welch first came to reside in Ayr,
the posture of silent prayer; after which
he told the magistrates that they would do
well to send those travellers away, aftirming
rith great positiveness that the plague was
n those packs ! The magistrates accordingly
commanded the travellers to be gone. They
went on to Cumnock, a town a few miles dis
tant, where they sold their goods, which so
infected the place with the plague that the
living were hardly able to bury their dead.
Such a manifest token of divine direction
could not fail to have an influence upon
people so mercifully delivered, and ever after
Welch was held in grateful and honored re-
membrance.
Many instances of his faith and fervor are
recorded, and his preaching was with great
authority and power. When banished to
France, in 1606, he preached before the uni-
versity of Saumur with a boldness and plain-
ness which caused a friend to inquire how he
could be so confident among strangers and
persons of such honor, to which he replied.
He was so filled with the dread of God, that
he had no apprehensions for man at all.
After remaining in France for some time,
his flock being scattered and his health broken,
he obtained liberty to go to England, where
he languished for a while under a disease re-
sembling leprosy ; physicians said ho had been
poisoned. He suffered also from excessive
languor, with great weakness in his knees,
caused by his continual kneeling in prayer,
by reason of which, though he was able to
move his knees and walk about, yet he was
wholly insensible in them, and the flesh be-
came calloused like horn. His friends en-
treated King James VI., that Welch might
have liberty to return to Scotland, the phj'si-
cian declaring that nothing would save his
life but freedom in his native air. His wife,
who was the daughterof John Knox, by means
of some of her mother's relatives at court, ob-
tained access to the king, and petitioned him
grant her husband this liberty. His majesty
asked her who was her father. She replied
John Knox.
"Knox and Welch," said ho, "the devil
never made such a match as that."
"It is right like, sir," said she, "for we
never speired (asked) his advice."
He asked her how many children her father
had left, and whether tbcj' were lads or lassies.
She said three, and they were all lassies.
" God be thanked !" said he, " for an' they
bad been three lad's I had never bruiked (pos-
sessed) my three kingdoms in peace."
She again urged her request that he would
give her husband his native air.
'■ Give him his native air," replied the king,
"give him the devil!"
"Give that to your hungry courtiers," said
she, offended at his profaneness.
He told her at lust that if she would per-
suade her husband to submit to the bishops,
he would allow him to return to Scotland.
Mrs. Welch lifted u|) her apron and holding
t toward the king in the true spirit of her
father " who never feared the face of clay" re-
plied :
Please your majesty, I had rather kep
(catch) his head there."
He never returned to Scotland, but his
friends importuned the king that ho might at
least have liberty to preach in London, which
he would not grant until he heard that all
hope of life was past, and then he gave the
dying man permission to preach. As soon as
Welch heard that he might preach, he greedi-
ly embraced the opportunity, and having ac-
cess to a pulpit, he went and preached long
and fervently. After ending his sermon he
returned to his chamber and within two hours,
quietly and without pain, resigned his spirit
to the God who gave it, dying at the age of
fifty-two years. — The Common People.
The Some of the Gardener Bird.— la the
Gardener's Chronicle a very curious account
is translated for that journal, and illustrated
ith engravings by a traveller in New Guinea
-Signor Odoardi Beccari — of a new species
of bower bird, very similar in its habits to the
Australian bower birds.
The chief peculiarity of the bird is its great
taste for landscape gardening, in which art it
seems to excel almost all the bower birds.
Signor Beccari apparently regards the bower
he describes as the bird's " ne.st," but unless
the New Guinea variety differs in this respect
from the other kinds of birds of this descrip-
tion, he was probably mistaken in this.
We should think it most likely that the
beautiful arbors described and illustrated by
Signor Beccari are mere places of social re-
sort, like our marquees or tents for pic-nics.
They select for their bowers a flat space round
a small tree, the stem of which is not thicker
than a walking stick, and clear of branches
near the ground. Bound this they build a
cone of moss of the size of a man's hand, the
124
THE FRIEND.
dation on which she had built her hopes of
salvation.
How needful it is for all of us to heed the
command of our Saviour—'' Watch and pray
lest ye enter into temptation?" And to weigh
well the languageof the Apostle, " Work out
your salvation with fear and trembling." \Y'
are never safe, but while we are kept in a
humble, dependent condition, ever lookin ,
the Lord for help and preservation." "Let
him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest
he fall."
object of which does not seem to be explained, she saw and felt the rottenness of that foun
but may be, perhaps, merely to make a soft
cushion round the tree in parts where the
birds are most likely to strike against it.
At a little height above this moss cushion,
and about two feet from the ground, they
attach to the tree twigs of a particular orcliiiJ
{Dendrobium), which grows in largo tufts on
the trunks and branches of trees, its twigs
being very pliant, and weave ihem together,
fastening them to the ground at a distance of
about eighteen inches from the tree all around,
leaving, of course, an opening by which the
birds enter the arbor. Thus they make a
conical arbor of some two feet in height and
three feet (on the ground) in diameter, with
a wide ring round the moss cushion for prom-
enading; and here they are sheltered from
the elements and have a pavilion of the most
delicate materials. They appear to select this
particular orchid for their building, because,
beside the extreme pliancy, the "stalks and
leaves live long after they are detached from
the plant on which they grow. Both leaves
and stalks remain fresh and beautiful, says
Signor Beccari, for a very long period after
they have been plaited in this way into the
i-ooHng of the arbor. — London Spectator.
For " Tlio Friend."
"Not Weary in Wdl-tloing."
The late Francis VVayland once remarked
that human ideas are the proper materials
for the processes of logic. The ideas of rave
lation are not human, and these, ho thought
were not proper subjects for human logic
Certain it is, that many persons have beer
led into errors by the efibrt to build up a sj's
tem of religious doctrine through the strength
of their own reasoning powers— errors whicl:
would have been avoided by simple obedience
to the guidance of the Spirit of truth.
A striking illustration of the danger result
ing from dependence on speculative ideas is
furnished by a narrative contained in a tract,
the series issued by the Methodists. The
subject, was an aged woman, of whom it is
said, that in early life she had been seriously
awakened and through repentance had ob-
tained peace with God; and for many years
adorned the Christian profession by her most
exemplary character. Iler evidence of ac-
ceptance with God was undoubted, and fear
seldom disturbed her peace. At length she
imbibed the doctrine of unconditional election
and believed herself perfectly safe. The in-
fluence this had upon her mind was soon per-
ceptible, the power of religion was lost; reali-
ty declined into dead formality; and yet when
spoken to on the subject, she regarded herself
as perfectly safe and unable finally to fiill.
She eventually became careless in the dis-
charge of religious duties and finally left the
society with which she was connected. Being
now free from the salutary restraints which
union with a Christian church imposes, she
sinned with greediness. When warned of
her danger, and referred to her preceding life,
she seemed devoid of all religious feeling; and
in extenuation of her sin, would boastingly
urge, that she could not be lost for she was
once a child of God. Her increasing years
only increased her guilt and hardened her
once tender heart; till old age with its at-
tendant infirmities and afilictions, laid her
upon the sick bed. Now, when death's chill-
ing grasp was felt and the awful realities of
an eternal world were disclosing themselves.
ng
RED RIDING-HOOD.
On the wide lawn the snow lay deep,
Kidged o'er with many a drifted heap ;
The wind that through the pine-trees si
The naked elm-boughs tossed and swung ;"
While, through the window, frosty-starred
Against the sunset purple barred,
We saw the sombre crow flap by.
The hawk's gray fleck along the sky.
The crested blue-jay flitting swift,
The squirrel poising on the drift,
Erect, alert, his broad gray tail
Set to the north wind like a sail.
It came to pass, our little lass.
With flattened face against the glass,
And eyes in which the tender dew
Of pity shone, stood gazing through
The narrow space her rosy lips
Had melted from the frost's eclipse:
' Oh, see," she cried, " the poor blue-jays !
What is it that the black crow says ?
The squirrel lifts his little legs
Because he has no hands, and begs;
He's asking for my nuts, I know:
May I not feed them on the snow ?"
Half lost within her boots, her head
Warm-sheltered in her hood of red,
Her plaid skirt close about her drawn.
She floundered down the wintry lawn ;
Now struggling through the misty veil
Blown round her by the shrieking gale ;
Now sinking in a drift so low
Her scarlet hood could scarcely show
Its dash of color on the snow.
She dropped for bird and beast forlorn
Her little store of nuts and corn,
And thus her timid guests bespoke :
" Come, squirrel, from your hollow oak, —
Come, black old crow, — come, poor blue-jay,
Before your supper's blown away !
Don't be afraid, we all are good ;
And I'm mamma's Red Riding-Hood !"
O Thou whose care is over all,
Who heedest even the sparrow's fall,
Keep in the little maiden's breast
The pity which is now its guest !
Let not her cultured years make less
The childhood charm of tenderness,
But let her feel as well as know.
Nor harder with her polish grow!
Unmoved by sentimental grief
That wails along some printed leaf.
But, prompt with kindly word and deed
To own the claims of all who need.
Let the grown woman's self make good
The promise of Red Riding- Hood !
—The Vision of Echard.
An Open Bible. — The report of the British
and Foreign Bible Society mentions the fol-
lowing incidents, to show the advantage of
using the windows of depots so as to give
passers-by an opportunity of reading the Scrii>
tures.
One day a gentleman in Berne passed our
depot, and stopped to look at the open Bibles
exhibited in the window. His eye lit on the
passage in the Sermon on the Mount,
before and what came after. It was a vn
to him. He had just commenced a la\v,-i
against another gentleman. Without u m
ment's delay he went from the window <i| il
Bible depot to his "adversary" and toM hi
what had happened; the "adversaries" ;ii;i\m j
with each other and the lawsuit was quashi j
Then he returned to the depot and sanl th j
he wanted to buy that Bible he saw in tl
window. The depositary offered him a cleti
copy of the same edition, for naturally, tl
book in the window was soiled by exposu
to the sun. But he said, "No; I want th
Bible and none other," and then explained
the depositary what she told me and what
have just related.
The depositary turns the leaves of h
Bibles every day. One day a woman enten
her depot and said, " Madam, you have fo
gotten to turn the pages of your books t
day." It appeared that the old woman
in the habit of doing her daily Scripture rea'
ing in the large print Bible in our depot wi
dow.
For •' The Friend.'
The Chemistry of Plant Growth.
(Continued from page 118. j
Potassium is one of the most necessary el
ments of plant food, and one of those whic
it is usually most important that farme:
should supply. All grains, hay and stra
sold oif a farm, cause a loss of potash, and th
risk of permanent impoverishment of the la
The soil of run down farms, is frequently
pecially poor in potash. It is not returne
with the excrements of animals, but a larg
amount can be obtained from the straw of th
barn yard, from decaying vegetation, froi
ashes of grasses or wood. The value of po
ash to land may be most easily tested, by th'
application of wood ashes. If this produces
Jecidedly beneficial eftect, it shows a defie
?ncy of the article, as most of the other fe
tilizing agencies of the wood, have gone o
as gases in the fire. So valuable is potash a
a fertilizer, that it seemed a few years ago a
■f the supply could not be made to equal th
demand, and it commanded a high price. Bu
the discovery of potash in the salt mines c
Stassfurth, in Germany, has opened up a d£
posit apparently inexhaustible, and rich iii
the materials for vegetable growth. Agei
ago was deposited this source of plant nourisbi
ment. It has lain, undisturbed and unknowi
for centuries, but now is taken up from it
resting place and started on its mysteriou
travels, through the bodies of plants and ani
mals. More potash is now procured Iron
these mines, than from all other sources what
ever.
There is remaining one of the inorgani
elements, yet to be considered. It is sti'angi
that this body, capricious, inflammable, whicl
we know most familiarly as au ingredient o
parlor matches, should be so important to life
that neither plant nor animal, so far as known
exists without it. It is scattered through the
wood of trees, and when they decay we see it
glowing iu the dark, in a process of slow
combustion, and call it phosphorescence. It
'argely forms the hull of wheat, and thence
t enters into the human system, and builds
up bones and brain. We have seen that it
n some mysterious way, connected with the
"" iency of the brain, and is'^sed in the act
Agree ^
th thine adversary quickly, while thou'aitlof thinking. Phosphorus is oiie of the most
the way with him." He read what went| widely diffused and valuable elements of liv-i
THE FRIEND.
125
r forms ; and a deficiency of it is a cause of
I lerfuot development. When we admire the
,vite tlour of the miller, from which all traces
1 irun ure rij^idly excluded, we do not rofleel
,1 1 lif has left out one of the most useful sub
ilDC' s of the wheat, without which the bones
) tucih of a child cannot grow, or perfect
) ve >uucture be built up. It is impossible
,1 ell lii>\v many weak frames, diseased teeth,
il inufficient brains, are due to the lack of
•) >s]iiii)ru8 in the food. This is one cause of
,i; hcaUhfuIness of Graham bread, oat meal
il tiimilar articles which contain the hull of
t^ ^r:iin. The phosphorus of the plant is
Jivi'd almost exclusively from combinations
plh oxys^en and certain bases, which are
jled phosphates. It is essential that those
posphates should be soluble in water, or the
lak carbonic acid of the soil, in order that
;y iiKiy be used as plant food. The phos-
puU' uf lime in bones is soluble only in mi-
ite quantities, and after long exposure. A
11 lie for years in the soil without
ing acted upon. When ground to dust it is
capable of solution, but still the process
ivery slow. When this dust is mixed with
Iphuric acid, however, part of the '"
ites w' " '
"t in the form called super-phosphate, easily
pable of assimilation by the plant.
Such are our artificial phosphates. They
a valuable just so far as the phosphate of
le is decomposed by sulphuric acid, and a
luble super-phosphate is formed. They un
from the soil three times as much potash, as
an equally good yield of wheat. The follow-
ing table exhibits this, for some of our com-
mon crops, better than any statements. It
must be borne in mind, that the per centa!:;e is
nf the whole inorganic constituents. Thus
28 per cent, of potash does not mean 28 per
cent, of the whole plant, but 28 per cent, of
the inorganic material, which in itself is but
a very small proportion of the whole.
Plants have a wonderful power of hunting
c acta, nowever, part or me „ me , "ced^ed substances from the soil. Their rootJs
ith it and forms gypsum, the rest is are drawn to theni by some strong attraction,
.^rr^,-n^ nnllp,! s.nn°P.nhnanhntP fin«il^7 i^^d an amount that the chemist cannot de-
tect is unerringly discovered by the plant.
Two of the rarest elements cajsium and rubi-
dium have been found in plants where the
most delicate tests gave no evidence of them
«..-.'" ''''^ ^°''' Fluorine is quite rare as a mineral,
ubtedVaupplTaiii^'^k/wi^^^^^ ^he teeth of men and ani-
hey usually profess to contain the three -n/lV^ ^'''^r""°''' °"'i.°^ ^'j*'-'^""^ 5^^ ^^*"'°"^*
cessary substances, which we have seen ^^ pl'ints. Copper is found in minute traces
ture does not usually supply in sufficient|>n some vegetable food for birds, and the rich
antity to the soil, nitrogen in a combined iP'^'n^ge of certiin of them, is due to Us pros
ite, potash and soluble phosphoric aeid.!e"co. The marine plants have selected the
It with these are also found a large amount bromine and iodine froni their assortment of
impurities, some dishonestly added, others f«od, and are a source of the commercial sup-
le ingredients of the substances used in the P'y »' these articles. ., • ,u r ^
eparation, and a large percentage of sul- Hence wo see the same diversity in the food
.ate of lime, which, though useful, is worth of plants as of ammals. They both have their
'' less than it costs in a phosphate. Until Pastes and appetites, which must bo gratified
icently the principal source of phosphate ofi^o ensure growth. They both in their wild
ne, for the manufacture of super-phosphate, sl^^te ^^^^^^ ^^'^at is good for them, and reject
bones, but as in the case of potash, nature the poison. They both by seeming instinc ,
ks provided an almost unlimited supply in gather Irom the at)undance of material around,
^ phosphatic rocks of South Carolina. These such elements and such only as they require,
cks contain from 40 to 60 per cent, of phos- f;;'i'^!P°'l';,I;^!"?. '° ""^ °'^"''"'
bate of lime, cover a space of fitly square
lies, and of such a depth, that 500 to 1,000
)n8 of available mineral underlie each aero. ,
hey form the road beds, and in some places '^^o^ "^ade to utilize substance
>me so near the surface, that it is difficult to "^tural state they would reje
id soil enough to hill up the cotton rows,
hey are now exported in large quantities,
id mixed with sulphuric acid, form the basis
" most artificial fertilizers.
To sum up, we conclude that the four sub-
lances most necessary for human agency to
ve to growing vegetation, are calcium.
they are adapted to nourish, and they both
by cultivation, the plant more than the animal,
can be improved by rich and nourishing food
which in thei
ject.
nued.)
Discouragements,
The soul of the people was much discouraged because
of the way." — Num. xxi. 4.
Those who doubt whether they be in the
'ay of life, because they meet with a deal
le form of lime; phosphorus, in the form of of trouble and perplexity
discourage
luble phosphate of lime, or phosphoric ! themselves from that which they have reason
jid ; potassium, as potash, and nitrogen asjto take the greatest encouragement from,
nmonia or a nitrate. All of these combined, When wo are told beforehand, that " the way
i wo have seen, form but a very small frac- of life" is "a narrow way," "a rough way,"
on of the plant, and a little of them will go, if we found the way we were in to be broad
longdistance in stimulati^ng growth. With-land plain, we had reason to suspect that
at their presence in the soil, a plant will not had missed our way ; for Christ did not
presence
srfect, after the nutriment of the seed
austed.
But crops do not require the same propor-
ons of these elements. Thus a fair crop of
otatoes requires twice as much phosphoric
not so
describe the way of life to us. But when we
find our way narrow and rough, a way where
in we meet with many sorrows, many fears,
much weariness, we have reason to say with
ourselves, surely this is the way of which
cid, as a fair ci'op of wheat. Cora removes Christ told us. — George Barker, 1659.
For "The Frieud."
John Croker.
The subject of this memoir was born in
Plymouth, England, in the year 1673. His
parents who were early convinced of the
Truth, suffered much persecution, loss of
goods, and imprisonment, because of their
faithfulness in standing firm for the principles
which they professed; bearing all these trials
with patience and resignation, counting them
as nothing in comparison with the blessed
truth which God had revealed and made them
sharers of.
Although young in years, the author of this
memoir says, " In all these trials, I never
heard or saw them uneasy; but they often
encouraged their children to be sober and
good, that they might come to bo the servants
of God, and to stand in their places when they
might be called hence ; believing, however
il might fare with them as to outward things,
that God would be a portion to their children,
as they kept in his fear; and the lot of their
inheritance, if they proved faithful, which
would bo the best of riches and the best of
ornaments, far exceeding gold or silver, or
any of the soft and shining raiments, which
they themselves had found a concern, in a
great degree to forsake and deny; accounting
all things as nothing that they might win
Christ, for whose sake they were made will-
ing to be as the off-scouring of many people."
John Croker writes of himself; "When I
was young, I found there was an evil stub-
bornness or rebellion, which grow in me, so
that I often kicked at the reproofs of my
parents, and slighted their tender counsel,
and vainly spent my childish days to their,
and since, to my own grief and sorrow."
In the year 1686, he was bound apprentice
to a Friend, (who with others, was about to
remove to Pennsylvania,) John Shilson, by
trade a serge maker, but one who also pro-
fessed surgery, and by whom ho was to be
instructed in this art. He was himself sensi-
ble of the great exercise his mother had felt
for his preservation, and that he might be
made to feel the power of God to work in
him to the cleansing and purifying of the
heart. The sending him from home at this
early age, seemed to have been with the hope
that a separation from some of his compan-
ions might prove beneficial.
After his arrival in Pennsylvania, bis mas-
ter put him with the rest of the servants into
the woods, to clear land for a plantation ; at
this he worlced hard for about the space of
one year. Here his thoughts frequently turn-
ed towards his parents; and their tender care
and advice, together with the remembrance
of his own stubbornness and rebellious beha-
viour toward them, would cause him to feel
penitent, and the language would arise from
his heart, " Lord, forgive me and look down
in mercy upon me." Although these tender-
ing seasons were frequently vouchsafed unto
him, yet he turned repeatedly from them, and
would join in with his companions in their
wantonness and foolishness. But the Lord
whose eye was upon him for good, continued
to visit and to strive with him ; outward trou-
bles followed one after another ; his master,
with the most of his family, died of a distem-
per then prevalent in the country, and he,
with the other servants, were left destitute.
He, with one other young man, remained
there for awhile, roaming about through the
woods, and making use of such provision as
126
THE FRIEND.
■was left ill the bouse aud what they could
find in the woods. This solitary life which
ho now led, left him much time for thought;
various considerations regarding things past
and present filled his mind; he recalled the
many preservations both by sea and by land
vouchsafed him, and saw that whilst others
around him were stricken down with the dis-
temper that prevailed there, he was spared.
As the sense of these things grew on him,
lo%'e to God increased in his bosom ; his heart
was tendered and tears would flow, and under
these feelings he would sit in solitary places
with his Bible in his hand, desiring the Lord
to open his understanding that he might
know what he read; and to show him his
duty towards Him in order that he should
serve Him, covenanting with his Heavenly
Father that if He would be pleased to make
a way for him to return to his fiithcr's house,
then he would serve Him, and be obedient to
his parents ; his language being in effect the
same as that of Jacob, when he said ; — "If
God will be with me in the way that I go, so
that I come again to my father's house, then
shall the Lord be my God, and I will serve
Him."
It appears from the memoir that the place
of his residence was about fifteen miles from
Philadelphia, and some of the Friends to
whom his father had committed him in case
of adversity, no doubt resided there ; they
therefore consulted together respecting him,
and he was finally placed with one of them,
James Fox, [he, however, resided in the coun-
try,) where he remained a short time. At
length ho was sent to the city, and put to
school to George Keith. By degrees he fell
from that tender lowlj'' frame of mind, which,
while in his solitary life in the woods he had
experienced ; he forsook his retirements, and
became indifferent as to his inward state and
condition. " Yet He, who has many ways of
visiting his people," writes John Croker, -'in
order to bring them to a sense of their states,
yet found me out, and another sore trral I had
to pass through, whereby I might see the
Lord could and would do as seemeth good in
his sight; and that those who will not bow
in mercy. Ho will make to bow in judgment,
and they shall see the goodness of God in and
through all — which was my lot : indeed the
great goodness of God to me, I hope I shall
never forgot."
(Tube coutinu.d.)
Seriousness. — One of the depressing signs of
the times is the general decay of seriousness,
which shows itself in many ways — in conver-
sation, in literature, and in the occupations of
life. How hard it is to engage anybody in a
sober and earnest conversation! People like
to talk well enough, and will talk without
ceasing on the most trifling subjects. They
are ready to gossip, to entertain each other
with the small talk of society, but it is rare,
in comparison, that we sit down with one who
seems to delight in conversation of a high
kind. The mass of the people do not even
think seriously. They have no convictions,
and do not care to have any, even while life
is so solemn and earnest, and so swiftly pass-
ing away. They do not care to think deeply
about anything outside of their special lino of
business. They avoid the trouble of a real
intellectual grapple with any of the great
problfras of life. They do not want to be
burdened with opinions which are only formed
as the result of thought, and which may com
pel them to some positive actions or to sacri-
fice. They would get their views as they get
their dinners, where they can be had the
easiest; and take their creeds as they buy
their clothes, "ready made," and as easy to
put on. In politics, they go in a party:
religion, with a sect; to which they give up
their own independent thinking, content to
have it done for them. — Evangelist.
For "The Friend."
William Penn's Travels in Holland and Germany,
in 1677.
(Continued from page 114.)
" Penn's visit to Frankfort had a very ira
portant result, not then anticipated. The
emigration of Germans to America took its
beginning with an association formed in 1682,
called the Frankfort Company. It was th
company that planted Germantown, the first
spot whore Germans built themselves new
homes on this continent. There was origin-
ally eight stockholders: Jacob Van deWalle.
Caspar Merian, Dr. Johann Jacob Schiitz,
Johann Wilhelm Ucberfeldt, George Strauss.
Daniel Behagcl, Johann Laurentz, and Abra-
ham Hasevoet ; after some changes and a re-
organization, there were in 1686 ton : Jacob
Van do Wallo, Dr. Johann Jacob Sehutz, F.
D. Pastorius, Johanna Eleonora von Merlau,
Daniel Bchagel. Dr. G. von M.astricht, Dr.
Thomas von Wylich, Johannes Lebrun, Bal-
thasar Jawert, and Johannes Kombler. Five
of the latter were residents of Frankfort ; of
the rest two lived in Wesel, two in Lubeck,
and one in Duisburg. Now, though Penn in
his journal gives the names of only a few per-
sons, whom he met in Frankfort, the identity
of those few with members of the Frankfort
Company, proves the connection of his visit
with its subsequent establishment. Jacob Van
do Walle was the merchant in whose house he
held the first meeting, Eleonora von Merlau,
the lady whom he honored with his friend
ship. Both were attendants of Spener's col
legia pietatis. Dr. S. J. Schiitz, an intimate
friend of Miss von Merlau, also belonged to
this set. Ueberfeldt was a well-known ad
cate of mysticism, a devoted follower of Jacob
Boehm. He came in 1674 to Frankfort, where
he engaged in mercantile business, and went
in 168-t to Holland, where, in connection with
Gichtel, ho formed the order of the 'Angelic
Brethren.' TheDuisburgmember of the Com-
pany, Dr Von Mastricht, became, as we shall
see, personally acquainted with Penn, when
the latter visited Duisburg ; one of the mem-
bers in Wesel, Dr. Thomas von Wylich, initi-
ated in that city collegia pietatis after Spener's
manner, and though not himself, a near rela-
tive of his is noticed in Penn's journal. Of
the Lubeck members of the Company, Kom-
bler and Jawert, nothing is known, but it can
hardly be a mere coincidence, that Lubeck,
one of the very few cities in Germany where
we hear of Quakers, should also furnish two
participants to the Frankfort Company. To
complete the proof that the project of buying
land, and forming a settlement in Pennsylva-
nia, originated in the very circles that had
been in contact with Penn, we have the state-
ment of Pastorius, contained in an autobio-
graphical memoir, to this effect: 'Upon my
return to Frankfort in 1682, I was glad to
enjoy the company of my former acquaintan-
ces and Christian friends, assembled together
in a house called the Saalhof, viz., Dr. Spener,
Dr. Sehutz, Notariiis Fenda, Jacobus Van ,
Wallo, Maximilian Lerfner, Eleonora von Ai .
lau, Maria Juliana Bauer, &o., who soinutii \
made mention of William Penn of Peiiii; .
vania, and showed me letters from Benjai i
Furly, also a printed relation concerning s |
province, finally the whole secret could t
be withholden from me, they had pureha: 1
25,000 acres of land in this remote part ot I > I
world. Some of them entirely resolvrd i
transport themselves, families and all. T
begat such a desire in n>y soul to continue
their society, and with them to lead a i|ii
godly, and honest life in a howling wildeiuu
that by several letters I requested of my fall
his consent, &c.'
"Thus we see that the origin of the Fiar
fort Company is directly traceable to Pen
visit in 1677. "With the exception of Pas
rius, who became the agent of the Com par
none of the participants emigrated, thuu
that seems to have been their intention
first.
'•William Penn and his companions 1
Frankfort on the 22d of August, and arriv
the next day at Krisheim, a small villaj
about six miles from Worms. Here a liti
congregation of German Quakers had, in spi
of many tribulations, managed to hold togeth
ever since William Ames and George Ro
in the year 1657 had convinced them. Th-
wore occasionally visited by travelling Friooc
who watched tenderly over this distant o
shoot of their brotherhood. William Cat<
mentions them in 1660, speaking of the Pal
tinate, ' where in due time we arrived, throui
the mercy of the Lord, at a place called Kri
sheim, where we found a small remnant
Friends, that bore their testimony to t!
truth, with whom we wore refreshed after o
long and pretty tedious journey. There v
continued some time, helping them to gath
their grapes, it being the time of their vie
age.' Stephen Crisp and Wm. Moore likcwi
visited them. And now Penn, also, turned h
steps to this sequestered sput, to welcome ai
comfort the simple husbandmen and weave
who shared his religious convictions. Thou|
the magistrate of the village (Vogt), instiga
ed by a clergyman, attempted to put olistacl
in the way of preaching, Penn would not I
baffled, and had, with the Friends of Kri
heim, increased by a 'coachful from Worm
a quiet and comfortable mooting.
" Not many years afterwards, the astoun
ng news reached the country that the Englis
gentleman, who had so kindly and irapre
sivoly spoken to the humble inhabitants <
Krisheim, was now the proprietor of a va
domain, even much larger than the whole P
latinate, and that under laws of his makin
the fullest liberty of conscience was pledge
to all that settled there. The Quakers ai;
Mennonites of Krisheim thereupon resolve
to take advantage of this godsend, and t
build themselves new homes in Penn's lan(
So we find among the pioneers of Germai
town, Peter Shoemaker, Isaac Shoemake
Thomas Williams, Arnold and Johann Casse
Johann Krey, Gerhard Hendricks, and oth(
mmigrants from Krisheim. The name of th
village was renewed in Germantown, much (
hat is now called Mt. Airy receiving tbj
name of Krisheim (884 acres), and to the pri
sent day Crosheim Street and Crisham Cree
perpetuate in their appellation tho memor
of the Palatine village."
(To bo c ntinued.J
THE FRIEND.
127
For "The Friend."
The Friend," published in Philadelphia,
jsiow before me, in which I find an essay
pvporting to give anacconnt of the difficulties
aionu; Friends in Norwich Monthly Meeting,
C'i:ubi, signed, A. S. It is to be regretted
1 1 1 I ho writer had not scon his way to have
: I ciiher less or more on so delicate a sub-
'(' : ainl I thought that justice to Canada
Inly Jleeting and its Committee, required
tit his communication should be supple-
jrnted with a few additional remarks ; I will
8: then that I think it will be news to Friends
iiCiUKuhi, to hear that any portion of their
trinlii rs have adopted any peculiar theory of
tl Plymouth Brethren, or that the real issue
b ween the Norwich Friends rested wholly
B )u Iho use of -'anificial mu-ic." I am not
aaro thut any attempt was made to intro-
d.-'j Lirliliiial [iiu^ic into their meetings for
vi'~lii|i; :iiid if !]>• (in!}' means to convey the
ii;i lluil their priiiei[)al bone of contention
\ >, ilial one or more of their members kept
i tiiiiiicnts of music in their houses; how
e 1 much be and I may regret this, he must
i(iA that this is not peculiar to Norwich
J ii'inN, but is tolerated in nearly or quite all
I ■ \\-Av\y Meetings of Friends, and that not
tj Monihl^^ but the Yearly or Reprosenta-
t f .Meeting would be the proper place to
J se the issue as to its propriety. The diffi-
Ities in Pelham Quarter, appears to have
en confined to one Monthly Meeting, and
e attention of the Yearly Meeting not hav-
^ been called to it in a constitutional way,
ere was a peculiar difficulty in the Yearly
eeting trespassing upon the jurisdiction of
ilhain (Quarter, by dealing uninvited with
e of its Monthlies. But when a part of one
onthly Meeting assumed the extraordinary
sponsibility of setting up a Quarterly Moet-
; without asking the concurrence of the
arly Moeling,resulting in two sets of min-
es coming to the Yearly Meeting purporting
■ efrom Pelham Quarter; way was opened
tiio first time in the Yearly Meeting to
ko cognizance of the difficulty ; and ac
rdingly a joint committee of thirteen men
id twenty women Friends were appointed
report was read in the Y'early Meeting, it was
tated that there were seven out of the thirty-
three that dissented — the meeting, however,
thought best to adopt the report. I will
only add, that though I have passed my three
score years and ten, the principles of Friends,
as I understood them fiftj' years ago, were
never dearer to me than at present, and the pe-
culiarities which were then believed to arise out
of them, cost me too much in my youth to
have any desire to part with them now; and
what appears to me to be the peculiar needs
of the Church to-day are, a large increase in-
dividually of that old inquiry, " What will
thou have me to do," and a more intimate
acquaintance with that charity "which thiuk-
eth no evil," and a more abundant supplj' of
that humility which leads to "esteem others
better than ourselves."
Thomas Claric.
Gr.-ifton, Ontario, 10th rao. 30th, 1S7S.
For "Tlie Friend."
A Country Ramble.
While on a visit at the hospitable home of
a dear friend in the country, feeling the need
of fresh air and exercise, a visitor went forth
into the fields, and turned his steps toward
some woodland that looked inviting. It was
situated at the termination of a gentle sloj
n the ground, and through it ran
ill
stream of water. Down the banks of this
the stranger wandered, noting with interest
the gradual increase of the waters as one small
streana after another poured its additions into
the common current. The outlets of various
drains that had been laid through the meadow
lands added their supply to the stream ; and
bubbling up through the sands at the bottom
were springs that were scarcely visible to any
but a close observer. Thus helped in various
wa^'s, the brook rapidly increased in size, and
soon became a lively, vigorous stream, ri|
pling over the sands, and sweeping among the
stones in its bed.
The mind of the visitor was in a reflecti
mood, and his thoughts turned to the beautiful
comparisonsin Scripture, in which thcGraceof
God, the inward manifestation of the Saviourof
refully to consider the matter. It is true, I mankind, is likened toa well of waterspi'inging
ey did not have the parties face to face, up unto everlasting life. It is tbebubbling u|
ie the disciples of old ; their faith was too and flowing forth of this Heavenly gift that
ak to lead them to suppose they would gives to the Church all its vitality and useful-
able to cast out the demon of discord. I'ness. Without its continued bestowal by the
aay of the committee, I have no doubt, j bounteous Giver of all good, all profession of
ixiously craved that the parlies themselves Christianity, all Church forms and ordinances
ight, by prayer and fastings, take the case would be of no more value than the dried
the Master himself for healing. The com- channel of the rivulet which had awakened
iltee asked the two parties to give them all this train of thought. There is a forlorn
nformation in their power, — and they feeling in gazing on a stream dried up by con-
ere certainly ably represented by Adam tinued drought, and presenting nothing but
pencor and James F. Barker, who performed dry sand and stones coated with the withered
du5es in a commendable manner, — and 'forms of the confervse and other vegetation
id before ns a mass of evidence, in the form j which had clung to them when the life-giving
printed and written documents, minutes of fluid was present. So it is in a church organ-
leeling, &c. We willingly listened to alllization, where the life of religion has flowed
ley hud to offer, and carefully investigated i away. The forms of worship may be kept up,
11 the evidence laid before us. Two or more | but to the spiritually anointed eye, which is
ropositions were laid before us to dispose of jable to discern the absenceoftruereligiouscon-
le matter, which was not entertained by the|cern and of Divine life and unction, these are
jmmittee and the conclusion at which they! no more attractive when separated from the
rrived, as stated by A. S., was the result of continued supplies of Divine Grace, than the
luch care and deliberation ; and the report dried and discolored stones and bed of the
rhich, as clerk of the committee, I drew up brook are to one seeking for the ]jlea8ant
nd read, I believe I am safe in saying, was murmur and refreshing coolness of the flowing
dopted without any expressed dissent, — I ^ waters.
eriaiuly understood the committee, as a It was now about themiddleof the Eleventh
rhole, consented to such a report. When the month, and though the season had been mild
and open, but few traces were visible of that
nimal life so abundant during the heat of
summer. A few insects still darted about on
the surface in one or two spots, and the up-
turned stones exhibited on their submerged
sides a few small larva> so nearly transparent
as scarcely to be distinguished by the eye from
the water that clung to them.
Following down the stream still further, it
again entered the woods, and here on the low,
moist grounds were growing several plants
that awakened in some degree the botanical
interest of by gone years. The beautiful little
partridge berry trailed on the earth its slen-
der stems, with small dark, glossy green
leaves, and bright scarlet berries, forming a
most lovely contrast of colors. The forked
Lycopodium erected its bright green stem
thickly bristled with short pointed leaves pro-
jecting horizontally in all directions. Some
beautiful varieties of moss claimed their share
of notice. The swamp cabbage had already
thrust through the sod the points of its thick,
fleshy, and most curious, though fetid spathes,
ready to take advantage of the first warm
days of the coming j-ear to unfold its bloom.
In the gentle current of the waters, were
streaming long lines of the Cullitriche, whose
curious orange colored stamens make their
appearance among the very first of the floral
products of the j-ear. The dead trunk of a
tree had given support, and perhaps susten-
ance, to a crop of those curious fungi, shaped
somewhat like a clam-shell, whose dried fibers
have often been used to receive the fire from
the sparks of a flint. They recalled to mind,
though but imperfectly remembered, the ac-
counts given by travellers of the marvellous
forms and sizes assumed by other species of
this order in tropical regions. J.
Out of Wealcness made Slrong.^There arc
men, engaged in the toil and struggle of labor-
ing, commercial or professional life, who must
carry with them an ailing bod}', and look with
a half envious coveting upon the permitted
inaction of the recognized invalid. Where
the work of each day is done with a stretch
and strain of sinew and muscle, of brain and
will, to which strong men arc strangers;
where a wrench of resolution is needed to
rouse from the bed the body imperfectly
rested, or to set upon any one of the mental
tasks of the day the mind which works but
by compulsion, and, as it were, under protest ;
in such cases it is impossible to exaggerate
the real, though secret, heroism of the life —
the self command, the self constraint, the self-
victory, which may, indeed, bo due to inferior
motives — to covotousness, to ambition, to
dotnosiic love, to a strong sense of duty — but
which, when it is complete, when it is con-
sistent, when it is also calm, and gentle and
disciplined, can be traced but to one source,
can be accounted for but on one supposition
— that almighty grace has there been put
forth upon human infirmity, and that the
words have their application to such victors,
"out of weakness were made strong." — The
Fireside.
Carlyle on the Lord's Prayer. — "Our Father
which art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name.
Thy will be done;" what else can we say?
Theothernight, in mysleeplesstossings about,
which were growing more and more miserable,
these words, that brief and grand prayer,
came strangely into my mind, with altogether
128
THE FRIEND.
new cniphasia ; as if written and eliining for
me in mild, pure splendor on the black bosom
of night there; when I, as it were, read them
word by word — with a sudden check to my
imperfect wanderings, with a sudden softness
of composure which was much unexpected.
THE FRIEND.
ELEVENTH MONTH
Wo have received a communication from
Thomas Clark, of Canada, commenting on an
article published in "The Friend" of 10th
mo. 5th, last, on the division in Norwich
Monthly Meeting, Canada. The statement
he has sent coincides with the former one as
to the main features of the case, though it is
fuller on some points.
In again reading the account furnished by
A. S., and comparing it with that signed by T.
Clark, we find nothing in the latter which
gives atiy other cause for the separation than
that slated by A. S. ; which was a diversity
in doctrine and practice ; though T. Clark
appears to doubt the spread among their
membersof religious views such as are held by
the Plymouth J3rethren.
He also speaks of the separation in Pelham
Quarterly Meeting, as if those Friends, who
arc stated bj' A. y. to have endeavored " to
maintain both the principles and practices of
Friends on their original ground," had setup
a new Quarterly Meeting. But he gives no
facts or reasons which in anj^ way contradict
the previous narrative, by which the re^tponsi-
bility forthe separation was thrown upon those
who were afterwards endorsed by the Yearly
Meeting.
He apologizes for the delay of the Yearlj^
Meeting in taking notice of the difficulties in
Pelham Quarter, because its attention had
not been called to it "in a constitutional
way," till the present year. But this does
not conflict with the remark of A. S., that the
Yearly Meeting "did not at any stage of the
difficulty exercise care in the correction of
wrong, or the healing of differences."
From the information on this subject which
has thus far reached us, we feel disposed to
ask, whether it would not have added to
the strength of Canada Yearly Meeting, if
it had " exercised care in the correction of
wrong," and " the healing of differences," by
timely inquiry into the causes of disunion,
and applying a suitable remedy? If any of
their own members, or those who came among
them from abroad, were spreading sentiments
inconsistent with the recognized doctrines of
the Society of Friends, such teachers should
have been checked in their course by the
authority of the Church — for it remains to
be as true now as it was in the days of the
Apostles, that two cannot walk harmoniously
together in Church fellowship unless they be
agreed on matters of vital importance. If prac-
tices were being introduced whose tendency
was to lower the standard of Truth, or to lead
away from the self-denial enjoined by the
religion of Christ, the Church should have
exerted a restraining influence over those
who were thus drifting away from the safe
enclosure. If dissension was springing up
which had its root in personal feeling only,
those who were spiritual should have en-
deavored to heal such a breach in the love
and restoring spirit of the Gospel.
The communication of Thomas Clark above
referred to, we have inserted in another part
of our columns.
We have received a printed copy of the
minutes of Ohio Yearlj' Meeting, held at Still-
water and commencing on the 30th of 9Lh
mo. last. Some account of its proceedings
have already been published in our columns,
but we extract from the pamphlet a few ad-
ditional items.
The reports on education show that 25
schools had been taught during the past year
under the care of Monthly and Preparative
Meetings. The number of children of a suita-
ble age to attend school was reported to be
755; of whom, including those instructed at
home, more than one-half were being educated
under the care of the Society. The minute
on this subject says, it " is again referred to
the vigilant cai'e of subordinate meetings,
which are encouraged to be faithful in the
discharge of their duty in promoting the long-
felt concern of the Yearly Meeting to have
our dear children educated as much as possible
under the care of Society." The Yearly Meet-
ng appropriated 8200 to its Committee on
Education, designed to assist in the support
of Primary Schools.
The Boarding School Committee's report
showed the average attendance for the Winter
Session, ending 3rd mo. 7th, 1878, was 60i
pupils; and for the Summer Session ending
8lh mo. 22nd, 1878, 30J pupils. The total
ceipts for the fiscal year from Board and
Tuition and other sources is given as $6170.55 ;
and the sum of expenses $5763.79, leaving a
profit on the 3-ear's operations of $406.76. The
conduct of the pupils and their progress in
their studies appears to have been generally
satisfactory.
The answers to the Annual Queries note
the establishment of an Indulged Meeting for
worship in Warren county, Iowa, known as
' Belmont Indulged Meeting of Friends."
The Report of the Committee on the new
Y'early Meeting-house, says that when the
work yet unfinished is completed, it is not
thought that the whole expense will exceed
the original estimate of $9,000. Of this $1,500
had been contributed by Friends of Philadel-
phia, out of the Carolina Fund under their
charge. The Quarterly Meetings were di-
rected to raise their respective proportions of
$1,500, for the use of the Building Committee.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — The estimates of the Secretary of
the Treasury for the support of the Government for the
fiscal year, ending 6th mo. 30th, 1880, aggregate $275,-
137,250.94; which is $5,551,545.44 less than the esti-
mates for the current fiscal year. The estimates for
some departments are increased, while for others they
e largely diminished.
The sixteenth annual report of the Comptroller of the
Currency, shows there were in existence at the time
2,056 national banks, with a capital of $470,380,000,
and deposits $677, 160,000. The whole number of State
banks, saving funds, and private bankers was 4,400,
with an aggregate capital of $205,380,000 ; deposits
$1,242,790,000.
The earthquake which passed over Memphis on the
ight of the 18th, was also felt at Cairo and Little Rock.
At Cairo, houses were distinctly felt to totter.
The income to the State of Massachusetts from the
Hoosac tunnel this year will be about $100,000, or the
interest on about one-fifth of the cost. On the 14th inst.
317 loaded cars passed through the tunnel.
One hundred and twenty-five persons were killed,
and one hundred and four injured on the railroads of
Massachusetts during the year ending 9th mo. 30th.
Chicago packers, since the first of this month, have
slaughtered 388,639 hogs, an excess of 145,563 overli
year.
Nebraska has a school population of 102,737.
A new line of ocean steamships, to be known as t
Blue Star Line, will begin running between this pi
and Liverpool, next week, two vessels departing frc
each end of the line weekly. They are to be used i
freight purposes only.
The number of deaths in this city the past week wl
295. Of this number 172 were adults and 123 childn
— 44 being under one year of age. i
Markets, itc— Gold 'lOOl. U. S. sixes, 1881. 109
5-20's 1865, 103i ; do. 1867, 106J ; do. 1868, 109} ; nt'
4 per cents lOOi.
Cotton. — Sales of middlings were reported at 9j a I
cts. per pound for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 7J cts , and standard white 9 cl
for export, and IH a 12i cts. for home use.
Flour. — Minnesota extra, $4 a .^4.75; Penna. famil
$4.25 a $4.75 ; patent, $5.50 a $7.50. Rye flour, $2.f
$3.
Grain.— Wheat active, red, $1.02 a $1.05; ambc
$1.05, and white, $1.04 a $1.08. Corn, new, 34 a 35 ct
old, 45 a 47 cts. Oats, mixed, 27 a 28 cts., and whit
30 a 34 cts. per bushel.
Seeds. — Clover, 5J a 6 J cts. per lb.; flaxseed, $1.3!
per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Timothy, 60 a 70 cts., per 1(
pounds ; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. per 100 pounds. Straw, (
70 cts.
Beef cattle were in better demand, and prices firme
Extra Penna. and western steers, 5\ a 5^ cts. ; fair •
good 3J a 4 cts. per pound. Sheep, 3 a 4i cts. pi
pound, as to condition. Hogs, 4 a 4j cts. per pout
gross as to quality.
Foreign. — The Ameer of Afghanistan having faili
satisfy the English Ministers for the affront offen
the nation, war has been virtually declared, and tl
British forces are now moving forward through tl
es in the mountain barrier which separates norti
western India from that country. On the 21st inst tl
column in the Khyber Pass encountered the Afghs
troops near Fort Alimusjid ; during the following nigl
the Afghans abandoned the place, and in the mornic
the India army took po.s.se.ssion.
It is officially announced that Parliament will me
on the 5th of next month.
The long continued pressure on the linen trade hi
begun to show the eflfects. From Belfast the failure ■
Mitchell Brothers, flax spinners and power-loom wea'
ers is announced, with liabilities estimated from £5C
000 to £80,000.
A .state of appalling distress and destitution exis
among the mechanics and laborers of Sheffield, in co)
sequence of the business depression. Hundreds of pe
sons are living in the tenements, without clothing (
furniture, which they have been forced to sell to pp
cure food They are without fuel, and dependent upc
the charity of their neighbors for subsistence. Tl
mayor has called a public meeting to devise measun
for relief.
The total revenue derived from spirits and tobacc
in the United Kingdom of Great Britain, for the pa
year, is reported to have been £40,504,000, or moi
than £1 for each inhabitant.
Nearly a million and a half copies of the wlioje, (
part of the New Testament, printed in twenty-two lai
guages, were given away at the Bible stand in the Par
Exposition.
It is reported that a prolonged drought has brougl
the inhabitants of the Phillipine Islands to a state i
starvation ; and their destitution has been intensified b
the ravages of locusts, which have eaten off the maii
and vegetable crops. Many of the people subsist o
roots, other food being unprocurable.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
An adjourned meeting of the Committee havin
charge of the Boarding School at Westtown, will I
held in Philadelphia, Twelfth month 6th, at 10 A. M.
Samuel Morris,
Philada., 11th mo. 26th, 1878. Clerk.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, (Twenty-tliird Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — John C. Hall, M.I
Applications for the Admission of Patients may h
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board (
Managers.
Married, at Bradford Meeting of Friends, Chests
Co., Penna., on the 17th of 10th month last, WiLLiA)
Henry, son of George Reid, and Anna Mary Couj
STON, daughter of Simeon Hoopes. ii
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
70L. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TWELFTH MONTH 7, 1878.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ce, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
I advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
SabscriptioQS and Paymonts received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
KO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
FHII.ADEI.FHIA.
From the ''Aniericau Journal of ScifDce and Arte."
Forest Geography and ArcliffDlogy.
BY ASA GRAY.
* It is the forests of the Northern
pperale zone which we are to traverse,
ter taking some note of them in their pre-
it condition and relations, we may enquire
0 their pedigree; and, from a consideration'
what and where the component trees have
3n in days of old, derive some probable ex-
nation of peculiarities which otherwise
m inexplicable and strange.
[n speaking of our forests in their present
idition, I mean not exactly as ihoy are to-
y, but as they wera before civilized man
d materially interfered with them. In the
trict we inhabit such interference is so re-
it that we have little ditflculty in conceiv-
; the conditions which hero prevailed, a few
lerations ago, when the "forest primeval"
icscribed in the first lines of a familiar poem
bovered essentially the whole country, from
i Gulf of St. Lawrence and Canada to
irida and Texas, from the Atlantic to bo-
nd the Mississippi. This, our Atlantic forest,
)ue of the largest and almost the richest of
1 temperate forests of the world. That is,
omprises a greater diversity of species than
p- other, except one.
n crossing the country from the Atlantic
itward, we leave this forest behind us when
]>ass the western borders of those organ-
d Slates which lie along the right bank of
Mississippi. We exchange it for prairies
d open plains, wooded only along the water-
sos, — plains which grow more and more
■e and less green as we proceed westward,
th only some scattering cottonwoods (i. e.
3l:irs) on the immediate banks of the trav-
sing rivers, which are themselves far be-
eeu.
[n the Rocky Mountains we come again to
est, but only in narrow lines or patches;
d if j'ou travel by the Pacific Hailroad you
rdly come to any ; the eastern and the in-
ior-desert plains meet along the compara-
ely low level of the divide which here is so
portiine for the railway; but both north
d south of this line the mountains them-
ives are fairly wooded. Beyond, through
the wide interior basin, and also north and
uth of it, the numerous mountain chains
to bo as bare as the alkaline plains they
iverse, mostly north and south ; and the
"ns bear nothing taller than sage-brush.
it those who reach and climb these moun-
tains find that their ravines and higher re-
cesses nourish no small amount of timber,
though the trees themselves aro mostly small
and always low.
When the western rim of this great basin
is reached there is an abrupt change of scene.
This rim is formed of the Sierra Nevada.
Even its eastern slopes are forest-clad in great
measure; while the western bear in some re
spects the noblest and most remarkable forest
of the world ; — remarkable even for the num-
ber of species of evergreen trees occupying a
comparatively narrow area, but especially for
their wonderful development in size and alti-
tude. Whatever may bo claimed for indi-
vidual Eucalyptus-trees in certain sheltered
ravines of the southern part of Australia, it
is probable that there is no forest to be com-
pared for grandeur with that which stretches,
essentially unbroken, — though often narrow-
ed, and nowhere very wide, — from the south-
ern part of the Sierra Nevada in lat. 36° to
Puget Sound beyond lat. 49=', and not a little
farther.
Descending into the long valley of Califor-
nia, the forest changes, dwindles, and mainly
disappears. In the Pacific Coast Ranges, it
resumes its sway, with altered features, some
of tliom not less magnificent and of greater
beauty. The Red- woods of the coast, for in-
stance, are little less gigantic than the Big-
trees of the Sierra Nevada, and far handsomer,
and a thousand times more numerous. And
several species which are merely or mainly
hrubs in the drier Sierra, become lordly trees
n themoisterairof the northerly coast ranges.
Through most of California these two Pacific
forests are separate ; in the northern part of
that State they join, and form one rich wood-
land belt, skirting the Pacific, backed by the
Cascade Mountains, and extending through
British Columbia into our Alaskan territory.
So we have two forest-regions in North
America, — an Atlantic and a Pacific. They
may take these names, for they are dependent
upon the oceans which they respectively bor-
der. Also we have an intermediate isolated
region or isolated lines of forest, flanked on
both sides by bare and arid plains, — plains
which on the eastern side may partly be called
prairies, — on the western, deserts.
This mid-region mountain forest is inter-
sected by a transverse belt of arid and alkaline
plateau, or eastward of gras.sy plain — a hun-
dred miles wide from north to south, — through
which passes the Union Pacifio Railroad.
This divides the Rocky-mountain forest into
a southern and a northern portion. The
southern is completely isolated. The northern,
in a cooler and less arid region, is larger,
broader, more diffused. Trending westward,
on and beyond the northern boundary of the
United States, it approaches, and here and
there unites with, the Pacific forest. East-
ward, in Northern British territory, it makes
a narrow junction with northwestward pro-
longations of the broad Atlantic forest.
So much for these forests as a whole, their
position, their limits. Before we glance at
their distinguishing features and component
trees, I should here answer the question, why
they occupy the positions they do; — why so
curtailed and separated at the south, so much
more diffused at the north, but still so strongly
divided into eastern and western. Yet I must
not consume time with the rudiments of
physical geography and meteorology. It goes
without saying that trees are nourished by
moisture. They starve with dryness and
they starve with cold. A tree is a sensitive
thing. With its great spread of foliage, its
vast amount of surface which it cannot di-
minish or change, except by losing that where-
by it lives, it is completely and helplessly ex-
posed to every atmospheric change ; or at least
its resources for adaptation aro very limited;
and it cannot fleo for shelter. But trees are
social, and their gregarious habits give a cer-
tain mutual support. A tree by itself is
doomed, where a forest, onco established, is
comparatively secure.
Trees vary as widely as do other plants in
their constitution ; but none can withstand a
certain amount of cold and other exposure,
make head against a certain shortness of
summer. Our high northern regions are there-
fore treeless; and so aro the summits of high
mountains in lower latitudes. As wo a8;iond
them we walk at first under spruces and fir-
trees or birches ; at 0,000 feet on the White
Mountains of New Hampshire, at 11 or 12,000
feet on the Colorado Rocky Mountains, we
walk through or upon them ; sometimes upon
dwarfed and depressed individuals of the same
species that made the canopy below. These
depressed trees retain their hold on life only
in virtue of being covered all winter by snow.
At still higher altitude the species are wholly
different; and for the most part these humble
alpine plants of our temperate zone — which
we cannot call trees, because they are only a
foot or two or a spaa or two high — are the
same as those of the arctic zone, of northern
Labrador, and of Greenland. The arctic and
the alpine regions aro equally uuwooded from
cold.
As the opposite extreme, under opposite
conditions, look to equatorial America, on the
Atlantic side, for the widest and most luxu-
riant forest-tract in the world, where winter
is unknown, and a shower of rain falls almost
every afternoon. The size of the Amazon and
Orinoco — brimming throughout the year —
testifies to the abundance of rain and its equa-
ble distribution.
The other side of the Andes, mostly farther
south, shows the absolute contrast in the want
of rain, and absence of forest ; happily it is a
narrow tract. The same is true of great tracts
either side of the equatorial regions, the only
district where great deserts reach the ocean.
It is also true of great continental interiors
out of the equatorial bolt, except where cloud-
compelling mountain-chains coerce a certain
130
THE FRIEND.
deposition of moisture from air which could
give none to the heated plains below. So the
broad interior of onreountry is forestless from
dryness in our latitude, ai the high northern
zone is forestless from cold.
Regions with distributed rain are naturally
forest-clad. Regions with scanty rain, and at
one season, are forestless or sparsely wooded,
except they have some favoring compeDsa-
tions. Rainless regions are desert.
The Atlantic United States in the zone of
variable weather and distributed rains, and
the Gulf of Mexico as a caldron for brewing
rain, and no continental expanse between that
great caldron and the Pacific, crossed by a
prevalent southvrest wind in summer, is great-
ly favored for summer as well as winter rain.
And so this forest region of ours, with an-
nual rain-fall of fifty inches on the Lower
Mississippi, fifty-two inches in all the country
east of it bordering the Gulf of Mexico, forty-
five to forty-one in all the proper Atlantic
district from East Florida to Maine, and the
whole region drained by the Ohio, — dimin-
ished only to thirty-four inches on the whole
Upper JViississippi and Great Lake region, —
with this amount of rain, fairly distributed
over the year, and the greater part not in the
winter, our forest is well accounted for.
The narrow district occupied by the Pacific
forest has a much more unequal rainfall, more
unequal in its different parts, most unequal in
the different seasonsof the year, very different
in the same place in different j'ears.
(To be cciiitiiuiod.)
'Tlie Friend.''
Tliouglits and Feelings,
A GIFT IN THE MINISTRY.
A true gift in the ministry of the gospel is
calculated deeply to humble and self-abase
the mind and heart of the recipient. This,
not only because the receiver is wholly de
pendent upon the Power which conferred it
for its proper commission and exercise ; but
also because of the continual watchfulness
and praycrl'ulness needed in order that the
channel tliroiigli vviiich the holy oil is con-
veyed, be kept chaste and pure. If all who
have this treasure have it " in earthen vessels,
that the excellency of the power may be ol
God and not of us," then how important are
lowliness and meekness and the entire abne-
gation of self, that the ear may be not only
awakened "to hear as the learned," but that
" the tongue also of the learned" may be given,
that such may know "how to speak a word
in season to them that are weary."
As before intimated such a gift is calculated
to, and should produce great self-distrust and
humility of mind. The Apostle in writing of
himself declares; "I was made a minister ac-
cording to the gift of the grace of God given
unto me by the effectual working of his power.
Unto me, who am less than the least of all
saints, is this grace given, that I should
preach among the Gentiles the unsearchable
riches of Christ," &e.
Notwithstanding this eminent and pious
example of a dependence upon the all-suffi
cient grace of the Redeemer, and lowliness of
mind before Him, have there not been some
young persons who, for want of this humility
as a ballast, have sadly manifested to their
more experienced Friends, the want of a pro-
per lowly demeanor, which, as a commending
savor, should and must ever attend a "gift of
the grace of God," unto any of the workm-.in-
ship of His hands. Such may go on for awhile,
seeming to ho somewhat, but unless the pre-
servinggraceof sweet humility — the Saviour's
adorning — unless the gentleness and docility
of babes in Christ with condescension to their
Friends, be put on and be worn as a garment,
it is to be apprehended that the gift will grow
dim, until the bishopric shall another take.
But we hope better things ; even that the pre-
cious precept of the Apostle Peter may have
full place: "Ye younger, submit yourselves
unto the elder: yea, all of you be subject one
to another, and be clothed with humility : for
God resisteth the proud and giveth grace to
the humble."
If the dear Saviour was "meek and lowly
of heart," is it possible for His disciples to bo
otherwise? Can the Master pass through
humiliating baptisms, and the obedient ser-
vant escape ? Is it not enough for the disciple
to be as his Lord ? Oh ! the acceptable sacri-
fice of a reverent bowednes^ of spirit ! Oh I
that in humility of mind, and deep self-abase-
ment, we may follow the Captain of salvation
whithersoever He is pleased to lead. For how
true the lines, —
" Where tliy dear Lord has been,
Thou need'st not fear to go ;
The deepest vale, the darkest scene,
la safe to travel thro\igli."
Goldim-wliig Woodpecker or Flicker.
In the cavity of an apple-tree but a few
yards off, and much nearer the house than
they are wont to build, a pair of high holes,
or golden-shafted woodpeckers, took up their
abode. A knot hole which led to the decayed
interior was enlarged, the live wood being cut
away as clean as a squirrel would have done
it. The inside preparations I could not wit-
ness, but day after day, as I passed near, I
heard the bird hammering away, evidently
beating down obstructions and sliaping and
enlarging the cavity. The chips were not
brought out, but were used rather to fioor the
interior. The woodpeckers are not nest-build-
ers, but rather nest-carvers.
The time seemed very short before the
voices of the young were heard in the heart
of the old tree, — at first feebly, but waxing
stronger day by day until they could be heard
many rods distant. When I put my hand
upon the trunk of the tree, they would set
up an eager, expectant chattering; but if I
climbed up it toward the opening, they soon
detected the unusual sound and would hush
quickly, only now and then uttering a warn-
ing note. Long before they were fully fledged,
they clambered up to the orifice to receive
their food. As but one could stand in the
opening at a time, there was a good deal of
efbowing and struggling for this position. It
was a very desirable one aside from the ad-
va,ntages it had when food was served; it
looked out upon the great, shining world, into
which the young birds seemed never tired of
gazing. The fresh air must have been a con
sideration also, for the interior of a high-
hole's dwelling is not sweet. When the parent
birds came with food, the young one in the
opening did not get it all, but after he had re-
ceived a portion, either on his own motion or
on a hint from the old one, he would give
place to the one behind him. Still, one bird
evidently outstripped his fellows and in the
race of life was two or three days in advance
of them. His voice was loudest and his head
oi'tenest at the window. But I noticed that
when he had kept the position too long,
others evidently made it uncomfortable in
rear, and, after "fidgeting" about a while,
would bo compelled to " back down."
retaliation was then easy, and I fear his ma
spent few easy moments at that lookc
They would close their eyes and slide bi
into the cavity as if the world had sudde:
lost all its charms for them.
This bird was, of course, the first to le;
the nest. For two days before that event
kept his position in the opening most of
time and sent forth his strong voice inc
santly. The old ones abstained from feed
him almost entirely, no doubt to encour
his exit. As I stood looking at him one afl
noon and noting his progress, he sudde
reached a resolution, — seconded, I have
doubt, from the rear, — and launched fo
upon his untried wings. They served i
well and carried him about fifty yards up-
the first heat. The second day after, the r
in size and spirit left in the same mam
then another, till only one remained. '
parent birds ceased their visits to him, i
for one day he called and called till oui
were tired of the sound. His was the faint
heart of all. Then he had none to en&Dun
him from behind. He left the nest and cli
to the outer bowl of the tree, and yelped i
piped for an hour longer ; then he commit
himself to his wings and went his way '
the rest.
A young farmer in the western part of
State (B. S. Gilbert, of Canaaeraga, N. '
who has a sharp, discriminating eye, sends
some interesting notes about a tame high h
he once had.
"Did you ever notice," says he, " that 1
high-hole never eats anything that he cam
pick up with his tongue? At least this v
the case with a young one I took from 1
nest and tamed. He could thrust out
tongue two or three inches, and it was am
ing to see his efforts to eat currants from
hand. He would run out his tongue and
to stick it to the currant; failing in that,
would bend his tongue around it like a
and try to raise it by a sudden jerk. But
never succeeded, the round fruit woul
and slip away every time. He never seerei
to think of taking it in his beak. His toni
was in constant use to find out the nature*
everything he saw; a nail hole in a board
any similar hole was carefully explored,
he was held near the face he would sooni
attracted by the eye and thrutt his touj
into it. In this way he gained the respect
a number of half-grown cats that were arou
the house. I wished to make them fami
to each other, so there would be leas dan^
of their killing him. So I would take thi
both on my knee, when the bird woul
notice the kitten's eyes, and leveling his t
as carefully as a marksman levels his r~
would remain so a minute when be woi
dart his tongue into the cat's eyo. Thi
hold by the cats to be very mysterious : bei
struck in the eye by something invisible
them. They soon acquired such a terror
him that the}' would avoid him and run aw
whenever they saw his bill turned in th
direction. He never would swallow a i
hopper even when it was placed in his th
ho would shako himself until he had th
it out of his mouth. His ' best hold' was an
He never was surprised at anything, ai
never was afraid of anything. Ho wou
THE FRIEND.
131
ve the turkey gobbler and the rooster. He
uld advaDce upon theui holding one wing
as high as possible, as if to strike with it,
i shuffle along the ground toward them,
Iding all the while in a harsh voice. I
red at first that they might kill him, but I
in found that he was able to take care of
f. I would turn over stones and dig
o ant-hills for him, and he would lick up
ants so fast that a stream of them seemed
ing into bis mouth unceasingly. I kept
Q till late in the fall, when he disappeared,
Dbably going south, and I never saw him
lin." — Scribne7-'s Monthly.
For '• The Friend."
Incidents and Reflections.— No. 26.
(confession and restitution.)
lad, who was employed about the store
b, mercantile firm, was once tempted to take
■ew cents belonging to his employers, to ob-
in the means of procuring some gratification
iich his appetite craved. He knew that
3 act was wrong, but endeavored to quiet
i conscience by determining to replace the
»ney at a future time. The same thing was
Iquentl; repeated, until his indebtedness had
ireased from a few cents to a few dollars ;
d if it had not been for the preserving care
his'Ueavenly Father, whose tender merc3-]she would call on her friend, and report
in Ephesus, "disputing and persuading the
things concerning the kingdom of God." —
Special miracles were wrought by his hands,
and the word of God mightily grew and pre-
vailed. One eftect especial!}' noticed of this
work of Divine Grace was, that " many that
believed came, and confessed, and showed their
deeds."
An interesting case of this kind is men-
tioned in the Memoirs of the late Charles G.
Finney, the President of Oberlin College. On
one occasion, he resided for a time in the city
of New York ; and while there, was visited by
a young woman, whose conscience had been
awakened. She had been in the habit of pilfer-
ing, from her childhood ; taking from her
schoolmates and others handkerchiefs, breast-
])ins, pencils, and whatever she had an oppor-
tunity to steal. She made confession respect
ing some of these things, and asked what she
should do. He told her she must return thera
and make confession to those from whom she
had taken them. Her convictions were so
deep that she dare not withhold, and so she
began the work of making confession and
restitution. As she went forward with it,
she continued to recall more and more in-
stances of the kind; for her thefts had ex-
tended to almost every kind of article that a
young woman could use. From time to time
hat
over all His works, and who seeks to re- 'she had done. He relates what took place
lim His wandering children from the paths jn one particular instance, as follows
sin, the erring boy might have gone to still
eater lengths in the way to ruin. He still
pt in his mind the sum which ho had clan-
stinely taken, and never lost sight of the
rpose of restoring it. Coming more under
e influence of serious impressions, his con-
Gtions for the wrong step he had taken were
" One day she informed me that she had a
shawl which she had stolen from a daughter
of Bishop Hobart, then bishop of New York,
whose residence was on St. John's Square,
and near St. John's Church. As usual, I told
her she must restore it. A few days after,
she called and related to me the result. She
engthened ; and the feeling gradually sct-lsaid she folded up the shawl in a paper, and
sd on his mind, that before he could hope to I went with it, and rung the bell at the bishop's
:perience Divine forgiveness and the return jdoor ; and when the servant came, she handed
true peace, he must humble himself so far jhim the bundle directed to the bishop. She
to make confession of his fault to the per- made no explanation, but turned immediately
n wronged. He clearly saw, that it would 'away, and ran around the corner into another
)t be sufficient secretly to restore the money, j street, lest some one should look out and se
lie natural will struggled strongly against which way she went, and find out who sh
laring this cross; but he found there was no was. But after she got around the corner.
her way to obtain relief than to submit to
le judgments of the Lord, and to lie as with
8 mouth in the dust, so that he might obtain
)pe. He was strengthened to yield up his
her conscience smote her, and she said to her-
self, ' I have not done this thing right. Some-
body else may be suspected of having stolen
the shawl, unless I make known to the bishop
ill in this matter, and to resolve that as soon | who did it,
he was able, he would return the money,! "She turned around, went immediately
ith an open acknowledgment of the cause
hich required it. Some years elapsed before
3 was in a position to earn anything by his
ivn labors — and the discharge of this obliga-
on was one of the earliest uses to which his
irnings were applied. He received a kind
tter in response from one of his former em-
loyers, acknowledging its receipt. During
le years in which this load rested upon him,
efore it was thus happilj' thrown off, he kept
mong his papers a written statement of the
•ansaction ; so that it might be made known
) those interested, if any accident should pre-
ent the fulfilling of his resolution.
This anecdote is by no means a singular
ne ; but simple as it is, it has seemed to the
rriter to be instructive, and to furnish an
lustration of the Scripture declaration, "He
hat covereth his sins shall not prosper : but
irhoso confesseth and forsaketh them shall
back, and inquired if she could sei3 the bishop,
^oing informed that she could, she was con
ducted to his study. She then confessed to
him, told him about the shawl, and all that
had passed. ' Well,' said I, 'and how did the
bishop receive you?' ' Oh,' said she,
1 told him, he wept, laid his hand on my head,
and said he forgave me, and prayed God to
forgive me.' ' And have you been at peace in
your mind,' said I, 'about that transaction
since?' ' O yes !' said she. This process con-
tinued for weeks, and I think for months.
This girl was going from place to place in all
parts of the city, restoring things that she
had stolen, and making confession."
The result of this thorough work was what
might have been expected — humility, broken-
ness of heart, contrition of spirit, and finally
love, joy and peace. When the time drew
near for C. G. Finney to leave New York, he
lave mercy.' _ mentioned the case to his friend A. G. Phelps
In the Acts of the Apostles it is said that who promised to watch over her for good „ • u j
'aul continued on one occasion for two years I She subsequently married, and appears to 'Heaven, and in thy sight, and am no more
have maintained aconsistentChristian charac-
ter.
The same author gives the experience of a
young man who resided in Oneida county,
New York, which strikingly portrays the
pernicious effects produced on the minds of
young and excitable people by reading works
of a sensational character. This young man
having been visited by Divine grace, and
brought under deep conviction for sin, made
the following statement: ' Several years ago
a book was put into my hands called, 'The
]3irate's own book.' I read it and it produced
most extraordinary eft'ect upon my mind.
It inspired mo with a kind of terrible and in-
fernal ambition to bo the greatest pirate that
ever lived. I made up my mind to be at the
head of all the highway robbers and bandits
md pirates, whose history was over written.
But my religious education was in my way.
The teaching and prayers of my parents
seemed to rise up before mo, so that I could
lot go forward. But I had heard that it was
possible to grieve the Spirit of God away, and
to quench His influence so that one would feel
't no more. I had read also that it was pos-
sible to sear mj' conscience, so that that would
not trouble me. After my resolution was
taken, my first business was to got rid of my
religious convictions, so as to be able to go on
d perpetrate all manner of robberies and
murders, without any compunction of con-
science.
After a little while I made up my mind
that I would commit some crime, and see
how it would aff'ect me. There was a school-
house across the way from our house ; and one
evening I went and set it on fire. I then went
to my room, and to bed. Soon, however, the
fire was discovered. I arose, and mingled
with the crowd that gathered to put it out ;
but all our efforts were in vain, and it burnt
to the ground."
The first step which the aw.akened sinner
felt impelled to take, was to call on one of the
trustees of the property that had been so
wantonly destroyed, and make to him a full
confession. Ho was a religious man, and was
deeply affected by the recital. He undertook
to inform the other trustees of the circum-
stance; and told the penitent youth, that he
believed they would all unite in forgiving him
for what had been done.
But the mind of this returning prodigal was
not yet at ease. A public meeting for religious
worship was to be hold in the evening. To
this he went, a-nd mooting Finney at the door
of the hou.so, told him that he must make a
public confession: that several young men
had been suspected of this thing, and he wished
the people to know who had done it, and that
he had no accomplice. He added, "Mr. Fin-
ney, wont }-ou tell the people ? I will be pre-
sent and say anything that may be necessary
to say, if any body should ask any questions ;
but I do not feel as if I could open my mouth.
You can tell them all about it." His family
were well known and much beloved in the
community ; and the statement of the facts
made a great impression. The people sobbed
and wept all over the congregation.
The experience of the awakened sinner in
all ages, is typified by the parable of the
Prodigal Son. The work of the Holy Spirit
on his heart ever leads him to adopt the lan-
guage, " I will arise and go to my Father, and
say unto him. Father, I have sinned against
132
THE FRIEND.
M'orthy to be culled thy son." And those
who have submitted to the government of
the Prince of peace, and have enrolled them-
selves under His banner, when they see such
returning wanderers, will still partake of that
joy which is felt in Heaven over every sinner
that repenteth.
For "The Friend."
William Pcnii's Travels in Holland and Germany,
in 1G77.
(Concludi-d from page 126.)
On the 21st of the Tenth month those
Friends left Briel, and on the 24th landed at
Harwick.
"Wonderfully impressive and winning must
have been Penn's dealings with men. Being
cast among people, who from high to low
were prepossessed against Quaker doctrines
and Quaker habits, he readily secured, wher-
ever he went, a respectful hearing, cowed by
his calm and dignified presence the brutish in
stincts of adversaries — the Count of Falken
stein only excepted — charmed strangers ir
spite of themselves with his gentle power, and
mightily stirred the souls of those over who
ho gained control. Not a few persons were
drawn to him by strange sympathy. Do
cenius, of Cologne, followed him to Eotter
dam, the Hague, and finally to Briel, the port
where Penn embarked. A gentleman in Ley-
den, formerly professor at the university, was
equally fascinated. ' The men felt our spirits,
and, therefore, loved us.' Many other in-
stances of this magnetic power exerted by
Penn are recorded in his account.
" We cannot think too highly of the noble
stand which Penn took as the champion of
toleration and religious liberty in a country
■where he was a stranger, or, as he himself ex-
presses it, ' a lonely pelican in the wilderness.'
He undertook this difficult task with consum-
mate tact, tempering the strength of his argu-
ments with gentleness of tone, and resting
his appeals on the highest conception of Chris-
tianity. It does not detract from his merit,
that he was in advance of his age, that the
epithets Quaker and Sehwilrmcr outweighed
all argument, and that persecution of all dis-
senting Christians continued to bo the rule
with Church and State.
"But there was reserved to him a satisfac-
tion which rarely falls to the lot of reformer
and theorist, the privilege of having a field of
action placed under his control, upon which
to carry out, and test by experiment the prin-
ciples that he had advocated. Already West
Jersey had, at his advice, inserted in her fun-
damental law the provision which sounds like
a pajan to liberty, that no one should ' in the
least be punished or hurt in person, estate, or
privilege for the sake of his opinion, judg-
ment, faith, or worship toward God in mat-
ters of religion ; for no man, nor numbers of
men upon earth have power to rule over men's
consciences.' In giving to Penn.sylvania the
' Great Law,' ho establishes here that freedom
of conscience, which ho had pleaded for in
court, which ho had advocated in prison, and
which he had urged with eloquent appeals on
the King of Poland, the Elector Palatine, and
the City Councils of Emden.
"And in Pennsylvania it was also where
tho seed he had scattered in Holland and Ger-
many came to a rich harvest, though in a form
not foreseen or intended. If by his words
'the great and notable day dawning in Ger-
many,' he meant a prospective growth of the
Friends' religious views in Germany, his hopes
were destined to be disappointed. Tho feel '
sparks which the Friends had left here and
there were soon trodden out, and the j-carn
ing after a more intense and spiritual religious
life sought for itself different channels.
"But William Ponu of 1677 was not for
gotten in 1682. I have already dwelt upon
the fact that the grant of a vast tract of land
in the western hemisphere to tho travelling
missionary from England was in Germany
hailed with joy by those who had seen and
heard him, that the Company founded ii
Frankfort, which brought five shares, or 25,
000 acres of Pennsylvania land, originated
with his personal friends, and that the Qu
kcrs of Krisheira, who in 1677 had listened to
his discourses, belonged to the first settlers of
Gerniantown. Crefeld, also, where, as
learn of Stephen Crisp, tho principles of the
Friends had found entrance, furnished a num
ber of purchasers and settlers. Benjamin
Furly, of Rotterdam, Penn's travelling com
panion, was the agent through whom the land
purchase was negotiated, and passage pro-
cured. Furly, applying to James Claypole,
engaged passage for them on the Concord,
master William Jeffries, a staunch vessel of
500 tons burthen. It was to sail on the 17th
of July, but, as the Crefelders wore delayed,
did not leave till tho 24th. This pioneer guard
of German emigrants to Amei-ica consisted of
thirty-three persons forming thirteen families,
the heads of which were : Dirk op den GraefF,
Herman op den Graeff, Abraham op den Graett',
Lenert Arets, Tunes Kunders,'-^ Heinert Tisen.
Wilhelm Stropers, Jan Lensen, Peter Keurlis,
Jan Simons, Johannes Bleickers, Abraham
Tunes, Jan Liicken. The Concord had a
ather long, but otherwise pleasant passage,
rrivingin Philadelphia on the 8th of October,
1683. James Claypole, who was himself a
pa.ssenger, thus reports in his first letter from
Philadelphia: 'The blessing of the Lord did
attend us, so that we had a very comfortable
passage, and had our health all the way "
There was, in fact, a gain in the number of
passengers when tho Concord arrived, Peter
Bleickers being born on board.
" Francis Daniel Pastoriu8,the agent of the
Frankfort Company, came over a few weeks
before the rest, in the America, Captain
Wasey. He at once reported to Penn, who
received him with the greatest kindness, and
repeatedly drew him to his table. What a
joyous meeting it must have been when Penn
welcomed his Krisheim friends on tho free
soil of Pennsylvania, where the freedom to
worship God was as untrammelled as the air
and the sunlight. Thoy lost no time prepar-
ing new homes for themselves in the 'German
town,' and it was there, in Peter Shoemaker's
house, that Penn again edified them with dis-
course and exhortation.
It was thus William Penn himself who
opened the gates through which Germany
poured a continuous and widening stream of
emigration into the new province. For it so
happened, that tho very parts which he had
visited were soon afterwards overrun by the
armod hordes of Louis XIV. In bold defiance
of treaty stipulations, the French King laid
violent hands on whole provinces of Western
Germany, and the warfare against tho un-
* Tunes Kunders, afterwards known as Dennis Con-
rad, was tlie Friend at wliose hoii.se tlie lirst Friend.s'
meeting was held in Germantown,
happy Palatinate was carried on with unpi
allclod cruelty. Speier, Worms, Mannliei
Heidelberg, with many other cities, and bu
drcds of villages, were devastated with £
and rapine. Ttiose that could escape to Per
sylvania, blessed the asylum prepared 1
them, and twice blessed its enlightened a
kind-hearted founder.
"Not only the Pennsylvania pioneers
English nationality recognize in William Pei
their head and leader; the standard of i
ligioiis liberty that he planted hero, shone
a beacon sign, also, to tho oppressed mul
tudes of Germany, and gladly they flocked
the fertile vales, whither the gentle Fr
invited them."
For "The Friend
John Croker.
(Contiuued from page 126.)
In course of time John Crokor hoard fro
his father, who desired him to return horn
preparations were therefore made bj^
friends, and passage engaged for him on a v(
sel bound for Nowcastle-upon-Tyne, in En
land. They also saw that he was sufficient
provided with those things which would
necessary for his accommodation after reac
ing England, as well as to enable him to
to his father, who resided a considera
distance from Newcastle. After having bet
in America four years, he embarked for h
native land, in the hope of rejoining his p
rents and relatives.
They were preserved upon the boisteroi
seas until, as they judged, they were wilhi
one hundred leagues of England, when the
met with three ships. Tho master of the
vessel (who was a Friend) desirous of obtaii
ing news from England, spoke with one (
these vessels; but to their trouble and sorrov
they proved to bo three French privateers (
being a time of war), who made thorn stop
went on board their vessel, stripped them ^
most of their clothing, separated them, pu
ting some on one vessel and some on anothoi
Each vessel then started on a separate cour
We give in John Croker's own words, th
following account: — " This fresh exercis
brought more than a common fear upon \m
(I being in one of those ships that rema
at. sea), feai-ing how I should be dealt with!
and what suftorings I should undergo.
was, in respect to clothes, almost naked, ami
destitute of relief beyond what our ener
would be pleased to bestow, whoso heart
God so far opened towards us that we din
not want for bread or water, and sometime
were allowed pork, beef, poas, and beverage
and at certain times a draught of sour wine
yet still I was in fear, not knowing whithei
should be carried.
The ship in which we wore, being a ]3riva
teer of twenty-six guns, and out at sea on tha
account, she sailed far northward, until w(
fell in amongst islands of ice, and were forcec
to lie by in tho night, for fear we should rue
amongst some of these islands, or great rocks
of ice. For about six weeks I took my rest
on tho boards in the ship's hold, in which tims
they chased one vessel ; but they thinking il
too large and mighty for them, our ship be"
a bettor sailer, they let her pass. Soon aftei
thej'took a Dutch ship bound for Newfound-
land ; this vessel thoy took with them to
Newfoundland; and as wo drew near it, thoy
put us on shore upon a small island or rock,
(which lay between some other islands,) upon
THE FRIEND.
133
lich there was no house, nor any fresh
Iter, or shelter. Being twenty-eight of us
number, they o;avo us a sail and some oars
d poles to make a tent ; in which we all
i without any beds, having only some straw,
lich they brought us, and stones for our
lows with which we were forced to be con-
ited. Yet I found God's providence was
er me, so that I was preserved healthy and
und. Oh! the great goodness of God is fresh
my mind, now at the time of my writing
is, and I hope the impression of it will re-
lin as long as 1 live ; so that I may never
•get what I met with in mj' youth, and
iw the Lord preserved me through it all.
" The French used once or twice a week to
3it us, and bring us some spruce beer, water,
rk, peas, and plenty of bread. Of the bread
i ate sparingly, laying up some in store
ainst a time of scarcity, fearing such might
me ; the bread we hid in some of the hol-
jv rocks, that it might not hinder or stop
em from bringing or supplying us with
ore, as usual. There were also, about our
ck, or little island, plenty of lobsters, of
hich we caught some, and boiled and ate
em, which were a great help to us. Al-
ough we were not in any great want, con-
jering our circumstances, yet we were but
inly clothed, and the season not very hot ;
1 having left me only one shirt, one pair of
leeches, and a hat ; until some taking com-
ission on me, gave me a thin linsey-woolsey
)ek, one old shirt, and an old pair of stock-
gs and shoes, for which I was very thank-
"In this mean condition, I with the rest
ntinued on this island about six weeks,
bich time we contrived our escape. There
as an island at about half a mile distance
t)ra us, which was inhabited by the French
t the tishing, whose boats went to and fro
r US almost every day ; and there were also
I our island, some pieces of boards and wood
hich had been used, I suppose, by the French
Bn, at times when they dried fish there,
d were by them left; their boats were also
ing at a wharf on the said inhabited island.
It guarded as we afterwards understood,
iough then unknown to us. We one day
iok particular notice of one of their boats,
^lich, with several others, lay near the sai<l
barf; and our men proposed in the night
T a float, to endeavor to swim out and get it
I'o, therefore, made a raft, by tying together
ith rope-j'arn, such wood and boards as we
4ind on the island, and two of our men, not
ithstanding several privateers were lying by
1 as a guard, were so courageous, that thej
fntured in the night to stand on this raft we
id made, and put off towards the boat which
a had observed. Having got to her, they
kind nobody in her, and the watch or guard
iing in their huts very busy in discourse,
lose two men cut the moorings of the boat
Id let her fall oft' with the tide, which was
ping out, and brought the boat towards us
\r their help we attained the same, which
ado us rejoice.
" There liappened, far beyond expectation,
be in the boat, oars, sails, a compass, some
)rk and butter, a tinder-box and candle,
ith materials for striking fire ; also some
■ the Frenchmen's jerkins, made of lamb
:ins, with the wool inward ; a pottage pot,
I axe and some fishing tackle, all which
ere very needful and serviceable to us. We
too got what we had into the boat, having
in six weeks time saved about two hundred
weight of bread, which was now of great ser-
vice; and such of us as were willing, being in
number twenty-five, got into the boat, leav-
ng seven, who were of fearful hearts, behind
us; our number having been increased. And
rusting ourselves to Divine Providence, we
put otf for the main ocean, amidst the mighty
waves of a troublesome sea, not without divers
fears lest we should be taken again by our
enemies, or swallowed up by the great waters,
the waves of which grew very high and ter-
rible. Although it (iid not rain, yet we could
not keep ourselves dry, and some of us were
forced, with our hats, to dip out the water
which broke over the boat."
(To 1
Selected.
'I WAS A STRANGER, AND YE TOOK ME IN."
'Neath skies that winter never knew
The air was full of light and balm,
And warm and soft the Gulf wind blew
Through orange bloom and groves of palm.
A stranger from the frozen North,
Who sought the fount of health in vain,
Sank homeless on the alien earth,
And breathed the languid .lir with pain.
God's angel came ! The tender shade
Of pity made her blue eye dim ;
Against her woman's breast she laid
The drooping, fainting head of him.
She bore him to a pleasant room,
Flower-sweet and cool with salt sea air.
And watched beside his bed, for whom
Hig far-otf sisters might not care.
She fanned his feverish brow and smoothed
Its lines of pain with tenderest touch.
With holy hymn and prayer she soothed
The trembling soul that feared so much.
Through her the peace that passeth sight
Came to him, as he lapsed away
As one whose troubled dreams of nighl
Slide slowly into tranquil day.
The sweetness of the Land of Flowers
Upon his lonely grave she laid :
The jasmine dropped its golden showers,
The orange lent its bloom and shade.
And something whispered in her thought.
More sweet than mortal voices be :
" The service thou for him hast wrought
O daughter ! hath been done for me."
John G. Whiitier.
For "The Friend."
Teaching the Dumh to Speak.
For some years past there has been in ope-
ration at Mystic, Conn., a school for the in-
struction of deaf and dumb children, in which
the}' are taught to speak, by imitating the
motions of the mouth. From an account of
thisinslitution, known as the "Whipple Horn
School for Deaf Mutes," written by a per.son
who has recentl}' visited it, published in th«
Zion's Herald, the following is condensed: —
It seems that three generations ago, Jon
athan Whipple, of this village, set himself to
teach his son, utterly deaf from infancy, to
read the lips of those about him, and by im
tating their movements and the movements
of all the vocal organs, to speak as well as un
derstand. The task was one requiring labor
and patience, but the father was so successful
that well nigh incredible anecdotesof his son's
proficiency are vouched for by bis family.
The facility with which this man could reac
the lips, is illustrated by the following anec
dotes : — When he was quite young he had
occasion to make a journey. Part of it was
performed in a stage. As he was sociable and
well informed, the stage-driver seemed to be
much interested in talking with him. They
ode together nearly a whole afternoon, and
never once did the stage-driver suspect that his
companion vrasdeaf. As it began to grow dark,
however, the truth had to be revealed, and
never was a man more astonished than was
the stage-driver to find that he had been con-
versing for hours in his natural tone of voice
with a deaf man.
During the winter he followed the occupa-
tion of butchering, and was employed withia
a circuit of several miles. He was one day
working at a distance from home when he
cut his finger, and went into the house to get
it wrapped up. There were two women in
the room when he entered, and instead of
speaking he simply held up his wounded fin-
ger with a smile. The woman of the house
knew that he was deaf and naturally suppos-
ed him to be dumb.
With much sympathy she found a piece of
cloth, and wrapped up his finger. While doing
so she remarked to her companion that it was
a pity that this poor deaf man had cut his
finger so badly. What was her surprise when,
with a perfectly natural tone and accent, —
Whipple, who read her lips, said, 'Nevermind ;
accidents will happen !' The woman after-
wards said that she came near fainting, for she
thought he spoke for the first litne in his life.
He said that when people speak loudly they
articulate more plainly, and when strangers
with whom he was conversing spoke with
mouths half shut, he sometimes told them he
was deaf. They raised their voices, thinking
to make him hear, and in so doing opened
their mouths, thus giving him a better view
of the organs of speech.
One day he was shingling the roof of a house
when a man went by, and seeing him there
asked him the way to a neighboring place.
The man scarcely looked at him, and though
he knew by his slopping that he was saying
something, he could not catch a word of it.
Putting his hand to his ear in a listening atti-
tude, he said, 'Please speak a little louder;
Pm hard of hearing.' The man then turned
straight towards him and opened his mouth,
and though — Whipple heard not a breath
of noise, he answered his question without
difficulty.
It was natural that with such an achieve^
ment before them, the Whipples should turn
their attention to the novel line of teaching,
in which their ancestor had been so successful.
Hence the 'Home School,' where we found
children of different ages and widely-varying
degrees of capacity, all being taught to read
the lips and use the voices they themselves
had never heard, in such a way as to be clearly
understood by those around them. For the
latter purpose they are drilled in the most
minute observation of the movements of their
teacher's throat, tongue, teeth, and lips. Their
hands are placed against his throat when he
articulates a given word, and then against
their own, which they must cause to assume
the same shape and motion. Zerah C. Whip-
ple, an exceedingly intelligent young man, is
the chief instructor, and most curious it was
to study the hieroglyphic alphabet invented
by him, in which are pictured out the posi-
tions, both absolute and relative, of the vocal
orcmns in forming the ditterent letters and
words. This, being placed on the black-board,
greatly facilitates the pupil's knowledge of
'going through the motions' of speech.
134
THE FRIEND.
A liltle girl of seven yeans was called to the
boani. She bad beea but a few weeks in the
school, yet wliea Z. C. Whipple would pro-
nounce a letter, she, who had never heard a
single sound, would imitate very successfully
his articulation, and then place on the board
the word or letter she had spoken. Her eager-
ness of expression and the sounds issuing from
the little throat of one who had no idea of
articulation, a few weeks since, were not a lit-
tle startling.
Willie Downing was the greatest curiosity.
He is a congenital mute, who, until eleven
years of age, had not only never spoken a
word, but had no idea of language, and did
not even know that the most common objects
had names. He is now seventeen, and speaks
considerably, and reads surprisingly well. As
he stood before us and read the twentj'-sixlh
Psalm, pronouncing with the greatest distinct-
ness i ts polysyllables, and its aspirates and final
consonants, and 1 remembered that this young
man had no more idea of sound than I have
of a sixth sense, the performance seemed to
me one of the most wonderful I had ever seen,
and in any other age than ours altogether
impossible. In no country save one where
Christ's Gospel has mellowed men's hearts
with a sense of brotherhood, can we look for
such luminous ' evidences of Christianity' as
are afforded by the pains bestowed upon this
boy.
The tears were in my eyes, as turning to
Zerah Whipple, I said, 'Your patience is as
pathetic as Willie's voice.' ' You appreciate
it the more from having been a teacher,' said
the young man with a grateful smile, and he
added : ' You think, perhaps, I am not moved
by that voice he never heard, because I have
80 long been with him, but I can hardly listen
with composure. As he read just now, my
thoughts went back eight years to our first
lesson, when I took him by the hands, getting
him to watch my lips while I articulated the
simplest sound. But the* poor child thought
it was only ray peculiar way of breathing,
and alter an hour of effort he became angry,
and putting his curved hands to his eyes to
indicate spectacles, and grasping his chin, to
indicate a beard, he puffed savagely at me,
this being his method of declaring that his
father, who wore glasses and a beard would
take his part, if 1 did not let his son Willie
alone. But I knew that it was the crisis hour,
so 1 held on to him, with my feet grasping
so that he could not kick, with his hands in
mine, and the perspiration streaming down
both our faces, as I watched the clock four
hours, at the end of which time his head fell
on my shoulder, and ho was fast asleep.'
For " The Friend "
There are few, if any, who will not acknow-
ledge that health is a great blessing, and that
its preservation or promotion, is a legitimate
object of careful attention ; though like many
other right things, either may be pursued over-
zealously or in a wrong way. The ancients
estimated courage as a prime virtue, and there-
fore set a high value on bodily strength, with
fearlessness in using it. Notwithstanding the
clearer views of the moderns in relation to the
true constituents of courage, and their posses-
sion of a more elevated criterion of moral and
intellectual worth, we seem to have inherited
from our uncivilized progenitors, a strong de-
sire for — or at least it appears to be a natural
object of ambition to possess — great physical
power, or to be capable of enduring large, or
long continued drafts on our bodily strength.
Physical vigor may be said to be highly
prized by the great majority, not only because
necessity for its employment is generally more
frequent and continuous, but also from the
supposition that its active exercise increases
the vital force and tends to secure longevity.
But mental culture has become far less limited
than formerly ; a much longer portion of early
life is devoted to the development of the in-
tellectual faculties, and various means are re-
sorted to to incite the student to close and
wearisome study of the various branches of
literature and science, embraced in what is
considered a good modern education.
Great evils, though not always recognized
by those who ought to be on the watch to
prevent them, attend the overstraining of the
mental faculties or the physical organs, and
life-long diseases arising therefrom, are not
unfrequently wondered at and mourned over,
while the cause producing them may be un-
discovered and even unsuspected.
It is necessary to keep in remembrance that
both mental labor and corporeal activity in-
volve the development of forces appertaining
to the organisms of a body that is " wonder-
fully and fearfully made;" that these forces
are limited and mutable, and those organ-
isms of exceeding delicacy in their structure,
and liable to derangement and disease, when
overworked themselves, or made to suffer in
sympathy with others too severely tasked.
If then the demand on the action of an organ
is greater or longer continued than its innate
force or capacity for endurance is fiiteJ pro-
perly to meet or bear, the extra force expended
will probably damage the organ in its struc-
ture, and thus render it less competent to per-
form its functions in the future. Such deteri-
oration may not be so S])eedily manifested in
those parts of the system which are subject
to the government of the will, as in those
parts which may be said to act automatically
and never have entire rest, and on which the
involuntary phenomena of life depend ; such
as the heart which circulates the blood, the
lungs by which we breathe, the stomach and
intestines by which digestion is carried on, and
the various secretory and excretory glands, &c.
The occupations in which many men have
to engage, in order to obtain the means for
subsistence, compel great phj^sical exertion,
and in such cases, if pure air and suitable
nourishment are supplied, the organs brought
into requisition — generally the muscles — ac-
commodate themselves to the demand made
upon them, and may increase in size and
strength. But this does not render the sys-
tem any more tenacious of life, and indeed it
is from among the class of hard workers — if
we except the intemperate — that the most
deaths occur in what is called middle life.
Athletes and young men who frequently en-
gage in games which require violent muscular
exertion, expose themselves to some lesion of
the heart or lungs, and not a few of them pay
for their sport by impaired health during th
remainder of life.
Dr. B. W. Richardson, Fellow of the Royal
College of Physicians, who, with large capa
city for investigating the subject and forming
a correct judgment, together with unusual
opportunities for its study, makes the follow-
ing remarks in a recent work, " Wo hoar men
and statesmen speaking enthusiastically of
competitions of strength, as though they were
the back-bone of the ph3'sical life of England
The a-isumption is a foolish error. By skilfu
training it is quite true that men ma}^, an(
are, brought to a fine external standard ; bu '*"
the external development is so commonly thi '"
covering of an internal and fatal evil, that 1
venture to affirm there is not in England if
trained professional athlete, of the age
thirty-five, who has been ten years at his call 'S
g, who is not disabled."
The heart, sometimes spoken of asthecita
del of life, is complex in its structure, liabhF
to derangement in its several parts, and in iti "
deterioraiion, implicating more or less th« '":
functions of all other organs. In the ordinarj
performance of its duty, it undergoes ove:
4,000 beats, or expansion and contraction O!
ts ventricles, in an hour, which amounts tc "'
about 100,000 beats in a day, and in a bodj
of common size, drives about 18,500 pound!
of blood through the whole extent of the cir-
culatory tubes in the same time. This is nt
light task for the little hollow muscle, ever
when it is in a healthy condition and the bodj
at comparative rest, and it is marvellous thai
while so "fearfully made," it holds on in itf '
incessant work so long. Of course, violent
long continued muscular exertion imposei
extra duty on it and on the lungs ; whiel
latter must work in harmony with it, in orde
to purify the crimson stream, while the hoar
drives it to the remotest portion of the systemi j*
For perfect health its muscular fibres mus
retain their normal size and strength, whilt
the delicate valves, placed in the walls thai
separate one department from another, mus
fit accurately the aperture they are intendec
to close, and respond instantly when requirec
to open or shut.
Properly regulated exercise may be said ti
bo indispensable to health, and for none is i
more loudly called, than those who are on
gaged for a considerable time in mental labor
Especially is this the case in school life, whei
the pupil is required to breathe the atmosphen P
of the class room for hours, studying closely '
and thus putting a strain on the brain whih
it and the other vital organs are immature
highly sensitive in the performance of theii
functions, and demanding time, pure air an(
proper nourishment for their growth. Grea
mistakes are often made by teachers anc
others having charge of growing boys ano"
girls, in forgetting that physical developmen
ought to be nurtured as well as intellectua
culture, and that both can be safely promotec H;
without allowing one improperly to interfen
with or override the other. There are somt'O
with phlegmatic temperaments who require*
frequent stimulation to induce them to over 'i
come the inertia natural to them, but morf »'
who are indisposed to active exercise from th
exhaustion of nerve force, incident to over!*'
taxing the bruin. The latter is more fre
quently seen in girls than in boj's ; but ii
every case, unless there is a special reasoi '«
for the contrary, properly regulated exercisi
should be enforced.
Among boys and young men whose amuse
ments or sports are usually more or less rougl
and requiring greater muscular effort, car
ought to be exercised by those who are ex
peeted to guard against children's want o «s
judgment, to restrain them from impetuou
or too long continued exercise, imposing oi
the heart and lungs struggles which mai
sooner or later end in organic injury. Th
I games of foot-ball, base-ball, and cricket, if"
THE FRIEND.
135
ayed in moderation, may tend to promot
id confirm hcaltli. But it lias become tli
hion to convert tliem into occasions to
sree competitive contests of exertion as we!
of skill, and it is no worthless evidence of
le incompetence of those trusted with traiu-
g of children, when they encourage them to
igage in such contests. To become thus dis-
iguished for ph3-8ical prowess or dexterit}-,
bile it adds nothing to the honorable charac-
ristics of the man, may — as it not unfro-
lently has — entail irremediable disease, crip-
ing the heart or lungs in the performance of
eir functions, and sometimes abbreviating
e.
Often when one of these exciting games is
er, one or more of the players may be seen
rowing himself on the ground or other place
|r rest ; his face pale, or unnaturally flushed.
e complains of nothing but weariness, or it
ay bo of a slight catch in his breathing, and
ys he will soon be "all right." But if an
tpert lays his ear on the chest, or a finger
1 the wrist, he will find the heart irregular
action, sometimes intermitting a stroke,
jid again struggling preternaturally to force
ae blood out of its overtaxed apartments and
rough the lungs, a portion of which may
B congested. With rest these symptoms of
inctional derangement generally- pass off,
iving however the natural sensitiveness of
B heart changed into an unhealthy irrita-
ity, rendering it more readily perturbed
d deranged; and if the same or a similar
use is allowed, soon or frequently to call it
to excessive action, the foundation is laid for
ai'ful cardiac disease, or some other malady
which the individual may be constitution-
ly predisposed, as epileps}-, paraly^is, &c.
he evil effects of overstrained muscular effort
hastened and made worse where the pas-
ons are called into play, as anger, fear or
jate, each of which act injuriously on the
^stem through the brain and organic chain
^' nerves.
j Certainly within the last few years there
jas been a striking increase of deaths attri-
juted to " heart disease." This may in part
fte occasioned by the physical and mental
frain, so commonly attending the everyday
e of our impulsive population; but not less
obably may no inconsiderable portion of it
pthe final termination of injuries commenced
i the excessive physical exertions so irration-
lly called forth in athletic sports, such as
swing and other games which we have men-
oned. Overstraining muscular exercise may
e considered as a 'yiodily sin, clothed in out-
'ard acts and connected with chosen times
nd places. It should be regarded as such
nd avoided, especially by the young and im-
lature, and those having charge of them
iiould impress on them the substance of the
dvice of the Apostle, "Let your moderation
e known unto all men." C. E.
12th mo. 1878.
For "The Friend."
The Chemistry of Plant Growth.
(Concluded from page 125.)
But suppose all the various materials ne-
Bssary to nourish the plant, are in the soil
nd air, how is it that they are taken up, and
onverted into wood and bark, loaf and stem,
owcrand seed? For however little we know
f the processes of selection and secretion, we
now that all growth is the result of the ad-
itioa of little particles of external matter,
taken in bj- the roots and leaves, and deposited
in their ])roper places. The oak-sprout has,
in order to form ils woody tissue, taken carbon
from the air, hydrogen'from the rain water,
and oxygen from some of the many sources of
that article, and piled their little atoms, one
on another, in a definite and unchangeable
form, and thereby slowly and silently built
up, the immense trunk of the mature oak.
But wherever it grows, whether in the light
or shade, on the barren hill-side, or the rich
valley, it invariably takes just eighteen of these
atoms of carbon, and adds to them thirty of
hydrogen, and fifteen of oxygen to form each
little particle of woody fibre.
A seed is placed in the warm moist ground.
The germ which was matured within it while
it was still a portion of the parent plant, is
incited by the sun's rays to take to itself litth
particles of the rich material, which it find:
supplied in abundance in immediate proxim
ity, in other parts of the seed. Thus it grows
— sending downward an organism adapted to
supplying its future wants from the soil, —
and upward a different organism, which de-
velopes stem and leaves, and drinks in nour-
ishment from the air. These continually draw
to it, those peculiar elements which it requires;
it grows by them, flowers, forms its seed for its
successor, and, in the fulness of its time, dies,
iluch of this process is mystery to us. But
however much wo may find out concerning
it, wo cannot but admire the greater than
human wisdom, which planned the beautiful
laws of its growth, and watches over their
operations.
The roots grow downward and sidewaj's
into the soil. When they come in contact
wilh proper food, they absorb it, and with
the rest of the plant are nourished b^- it. If
in any direction the earth is a desert to them,
they die. Thus wo see such a mat of roots
around decaying matter, that feeds them ;
thus willow roots follow the water courses.
The extremity is a bud, which is continually
pushing itself on. This point has no power
to absorb nourishment, as may be proven by
immersing it alone in the soil, when the plant
will die. The real absorbents are on the side
of the root, consisting usually of little hair-
iike rootlets, that branch from the main stem.
These take up by endosmose in a dissolved,
fluid state, whatever the plant requires, select-
_ with wonderful accuracy, its peculiar food.
Thejuicos rise in the stem, whctlicrasa result
of propulsion from below, or suction from
above due to evaporation from the leaves, or
a union of both, is not certainly determined.
Whatever it be, there is very considerable
upward pressure exerted. A column of mer-
ury 30 inches high has been held up, by
the pressure of the ascending sap of a grape
vine in the spring. It need not be supposed
when we see the juice flowing from a cut in
the bark, that under normal conditions there
s such a rapid current. The vessels are kept
full of sap. Where any vent is found, a flow
is set up, and the deficiency is supplied from
belovv. A plant in the sunshine in dry air, is
pidly losing water by evaporation. Hence
such a plant has a more rapid flow of sap,
than one in the shade, or in moist atmosphere.
If this evaporation becomes greater than the
roots can supply, wilting takes place, though
enough material is deposited in stem and root,
to keep it alive for some time after absorption
ceases. Plants like the beet and turnip have
a great magazine of food stored away for the
needs of the second year, when flower and
seed are to be perfected.
A series of interesting and complete exper-
iments, has just been published in Paris by
Prof. j. Boussingault, on the office of the
leaves in transpiring water and absorbing
food. Healthy plants were placed in glazed
pots, which were covered on top by a sheet
of India rubber, so that no water could escape
b3' evaporation, or otherwise, from the pot.
The whole was then repeatedly weighed, and
the loss of water by evaporation of the leaves
noted. In the case of a Jerusalem artichoke,
it was found that the plant lost hourly, for
ever}' square metre of surface, 65 grammes in
the sunshine, 8 grammes in the shade, and 3
during the night. When the roots were with-
drawn from the soil, the loss from the leaves
was only about half as great. To determine
which side of the leaf transpired the most
rapidly, the opposite sides of two leaves were
coated with tallow, and the loss by evapora-
tion noted, when it was found that the under
side lost more than four times the upper.
The ability of leaves to take the place of
roots in absorbing food, was investigated with
great care. A forked branch of lilac, was ar-
ranged, so that one branch was immersed in
water, while the other was exposed to the open
air. Evaporation went on as usual from the
latter, and its foliage was fresh and green after
the lapse of two weeks. Other plants lived
for months in this way; with some it was
necessary that the immersed portion bo much
greater than the exposed portion, in others
they were equal. It was thus found that in
the one office of taking in water, the leaves
may replace the roots.
Then the ability of the leaves to absorb
mineral matter, which was formorlj' supposed
to belong to the roots alone, was tried. I)rops
of water, holding in solution various mineral
fertilizers, were placed on a leaf, and cover-
ed with watch glasses having greased edges
to ]irotect from dirt and evapoi-ation. Land
plaster was found to be completely absorbed.
Solutions of sulphate and nitrateof potassium,
of common salt and some ammonia salts, were
also wholly or partly taken into the circula-
tion of the leaf These show that leaves may
have a more extensive uso in the vegetable
economy than is usually supposed, in absorb-
ing the various ammonia salts that exist in
the atmosphere, the dust that may settle upon
them, and the mineral matter which the rain
has dissolved out of the air.
Such is a brief and imperfect summary of
what is known as to the chemistry of plant
growth. But behind all this, exists the unex-
plained mystery of life. Why does the par-
ticular combination of Carbon, Hydrogen and
Oxygon, which we call the germ of an acorn,
have the power to dovelope into an oak tree
and nothing else ? How do its rootlets absorb
food, fitted only to its peculiar wants ? When
absorbed, what determines its placing in the
plant, and the kind of tissue which it may
form, wood, leaf, flower, or seed ? In the face
of the discoveries of the present day, which
to our fathers would have seemed impossible
to achieve, and irreverent to claim, we may
well hesitate to say what may not be done
in the future. But properly looked at, any
discovery in this mysterious field, would not
cause us less to reverence the inscrutable
Being who ordained it all, and permits man,
with his limited powers, to see but a little of
its wonders. I. S.
136
THE FRIEND.
THE FRIEND.
TWELFTH MONTH
rs.
A letter was received on one occasion by
the pious William Law, froju a person who
proposed to visit him in order that he might
receive instruction from his conversation on
the spiritual life. In his reply declining such a
visit, William Law points the altentiou of his
correspondent to the true source of spiritual
knowledge, telling him that "The spiritual
life is nothing else but the working of the
■Spirit of God within us, and therefore our own
silence must be a great part of our prepara-
tion for it, and much speaking or delight in
it will be often no small hindrance of that
good which we can only have from hearing
what the Spirit and voice of God spcaketh
■within us."
He further adds, "To speak with the tongue
of men or angels on religious matters is a
much less thing than to know how to stay
the mind upon God and abide within the
closet of our own hearts, observing, loving,
adoring and obeying His holy power within
us."
These sentiments are in unison with those
which the Society of Friends has ever held ;
and it was their conviction of the truth of the
scripture declaration, — "That which may be
known of God is manifest in [men], for God
hath shown it unto them," — that led our pre-
decessors so earnestly to turn the attention of
all to the Light of Christ in their hearts, as
the appointed Teacher, Leader and Guide of
His people. When assembled for Divine wor-
ship, they taught, as Robert Barclay declares,
that " Tbe great work of one and all ought to
be to wait upon God ; and returning out of
their own thoughts and imaginations, to feel
the Lord's presence." He says it " hath often
fallen out among us, that divers meetings
have passed without one word ; and yet our
souls have been greatly editiod and refreshed,
and our hearts wonderfully overcome with
the secret sense of God's power and spirit."
And he further testifies from his own experi-
ence, " When I came into the silentassemblies
of God's people, I felt a secret power among
them, which touched my heart, and as I gave
way unto it, I found the evil weakening in
me, and the good raised up, and so I became
thus knit and united unto them, hungering
more and more after theincrease of this power
and life, whereby I might feel myself per-
fectly redeemed. And indeed this is the surest
way to become a Christian, to whom after-
wards the knowledge and understanding of
principles will not be wanting, but will grow
up so much as is needful, as the natural fruit
of this good root."
We do not doubt that in other religious
professions than our own, there are many
sincere, seeking souls, and earnest Christians
who go to their meetings with desires to offer
true worship to Him who is " glorious in holi-
ness, fearful in praises, doing wonders." And
we believe that the Lord, who looketh upon
the heart, often answers the sincere desires of
such true worshippers by bestowing a mea-
sure of spiritual comfort and refreshment.
But the regular routine of reading, singing,
praying and preaching, which such think
inust be gone through with, although "the
life, power and virtue," which alone can make
them effectual maybe wanting; must often
be a great hindrance to that communion with
God without which there is no worship.
Let us then highly value our simple and un-
ceremonious way of meetingtogetherand wait-
ing upon the Lord; and, when so convened,
be fervent in spirit, wrestling for a blessing.
When Abraham Shackleton w"as on his death-
bed, that worthy elder exclaimed with much
feeling, " Oh the elders, the elders I they should
dig for the arising of the well of life, as with
staves in their hands!" If this earnest con-
cern prevailed among all our members, we be-
lieve our meetings would be more eminently
seasons of Divine favor ; and that the Lord
would hear and answer the secret petitions of
His people, and pour out of His gifts upon
them, so that sons and daughters would be
raised up to bear testimony to His goodness,
and to call on the wandering sheep to come
into the fold of Heavenly rest and poace.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — The additional lifesaving stations
on the Atlantic coast, having been completed and ready
for use, a circular has been issued, renumbering the
stations, giving the district, boundaries, &c. It is stated
there are 142 stations on the Atlantic coast ; 6 on the
Qnlf coast ; 40 on the Lakes, and 8 stations on the
Pacific coast.
An order has recently been received at the Baldwin
Locomotive Works in this city, for the construction of
two locomotives for a railway in Nicaragua, which are
intended for the first line of railway in that country.
The total population of the earth is given as 1,439,-
145,300, divided among the continents as follows :
"lurope, 312,398,480; Asia, 831,000,000; Africa, 205,-
19,500; Australia and Polvnesia, 4,411,300; America,
88,116,000.
The total number of standard silver dollars coined
?ince their remonetization to the 23d ult., inclusive, is
19,814,551. Of this number about ten and a half mil-
lions are in the United States Treasury ; some four mil-
" )n two hundred thousand are in the mint vaults, and
little over five million in general circulation.
The yield of precious metals during the 10th month
is stated to be the lightest for years, the estimate being
S-\250,000.
The financial report of the Register of the Treasury,
for the fiscal year 1878, shows the total receipts from
custom duties during the year were $130,170,680; from
internal revenue taxes $110,581,624 — making together
$240,750,304. The total cost of collecting the customs
was $5,826,974.
The Chicago elevators contain at the present time
about 6,288,942 bushels of grain.
Mortality in this city last week 299.
The average temperature for the Eleventh month is
i;iven as 44.8 degrees, which is 2.6 degrees above the
iiverage for the past eight years. The lowest tempera-
ture was 28 deg. on the 5th. Thin ice was observed on
the 5th and 9th. No snow during the month. The
ainfall was light, being 2.19 inches. Prevailing direc-
tion of wind, west. Maximum velocity of wind 38
iles per hour.
Markets, &c. — The following were quotations on the
30th. Gold lOO.V. U. S. sixes, 1881, 109J ; 5-20 cou-
pons, 1865, 104|; do. 1867, 106}; do. 1868, 109|; new
5's, 106J ; new 4i per cents, registered, 104|, coupons,
lOov ; new 4 per cents lOOi.
Cotton, 9g a 9| cts. per pound for uplands and New
Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 7| cts. in bbls., and standard
white 8| cts. for export, and llj a 12| cts. per gallon
for home use.
Flour. — Penna. and Minnesota extra, $4.25 a ?4.75;
utheru and western, $4.62 a $5.25 ; patent, $5.50 a
$7.50. Rye flour, *.2.75 a $3.00.
Grain.— Wheat, red, $1.05; amber, $1.06 a $1.07,
and white, $1.06 a i-1.08. Corn, 43 a 49 cts. Oats,
mixed, 27 a 29 cts., and white, 30 a 31 cts. per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts. ; mixed,
45 a 60 cts. Straw, 65 a 80 cts. per 100 pounds.
Beef cattle were in demand, but prices unchanged.
Extra Penna. and western steers, 5} a 5} cts. ; fair to
good 4J a 5 cts. Sheep, 3J a 4J cts. per pound, as to
londition. Hogs, 3i a 4^ cts. per pound.
The value of exports from this city during the past
week was $852,684. The leading articles were wheat,
petroleum and corn.
The final session of the Forty-fifth Congress begi
on the 2d inst. Some resolutions and bills were intr
duced into the Senate, and the President's Message w
received and read in both Houses. The message
said to give to Congress and the country, plain, busiues
like accounts of the " state of the Union." He says v
are at peace with all other nations — our public cred
has greatly improved, our manufacturing industries ai
reviving, and it is believed that general prosperit'
which has been so long anxiously looked for, is at la
within our reach. The yellow fever epidemic in th
southwest is alluded to, and the attention of Congres^
is called to the necessity for the most effective measure
by quarantine or otherwise, for the protection of on
seaports and the country generally from this and othf
epidemics. The various department affairs are treate
of briefly but in a comprehensive manner.
Foreign. — The steamer Pommerania which left Ne'
York on the 14th ult. for Hamburg, was sunk by coi
Hsiou with the Welsh bark Moel EUian, near Folkf
stone, in the English Channel, on the night of the 2otl:
There were about 220 persons on board, including crei
and passengers, about 50 of whom, mostly passengen
are reported lost. The Pommerania was a first claf
steamship, of 3500 tons register, built on the Clyde i
1873, at a cost of about_$550,000. Her cargo was value
at $250,000. In addition to her cargo, a mail consia
ing of 17 bags of letters, and 25 bags of papers, fc
France, Germany, Austria and the Scandinavian cout
tries, is supposed to be lost.
The condition of the coal and iron trades of Sout
Staffordshire district is growing worse. One of th
largest and oldest coal and iron companies has give
notice of the closing of the greater part of its works, bi
cause it does not wish to continue operations at a losi
Other companies engaged in the iron business hav
given notice that they must reduce the wages of thei
hands.
Dispatches received from the English army invadin
Afghanistan, indicate that they have not met with an
serious resistance to their progress. The hill tribes at
said to be friendly, and are supplying the forces wib
provisions. The reported trouble in the Khyber Paai
it is said, was greatly exaggerated. It is not expecte
the armies will attempt to advance much farther th
present winter.
Of 594,000 Russian soldiers that entered Turkey dui
ing the last war, it is said 58,800 were sent back by ra;
wounded, and 62,150 ill; 31,000 sick went home t
Odessa by sea, 29,000 are still in hospitals, 31,00
perished in Roumania, and 99,000 in Bulgaria.
Late advices from China say that 50,000 troops i
the province of Kwangsi have revolted, and it was feare
that, owing to poor pay and rations, the revolt woul
extend throughout the army. Complications with Russi
are also apprehended. The oppesition to Govorno
Hennes.sy, in Hong Kong, was increasing, and petition
for his removal were in circulation.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, (Twenty -third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superintendent — JohnC. Hall, M.I
Applications for the Admission of Patients may b
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board (
Managers.
Died, on the 9th of 10th mo. 1878, at her residenct
near Upland, Delaware Co., Pa., Mary Maris, widoi
of the late Jesse J. Maris, in the 84th year of her agt
a beloved elder of Chester Monthly Meeting. A para
lytic .attack, which occurred more than a year before he
decease, affecting her speech and left side, soon passe'
off — but left a realizing sense of the great uncertainty c
life. She was anxiously concerned that the wedding
garment of righteousness might be fully completed, i
feeling of such quietness and assurance was granted ii
looking to the close of life, as to lead her, in humilitj
to question whether she might not be deceived. Sli
was not suffered long to remain in doubt. He for whoc
hehad shown her love by faithfully maintaining hi
testimonies, was graciously pleased to manifest himsel
her Redeemer and her portion forever. She felt re
ned to his holy will, whether life or death, healtl
or suflering might be dispensed. The last she wa
fiivored to be .spared. On the 2d of 10th month shi
lemed unusually bright and cheerful, in the eveuin]
spending a half hour longer than usual with the family
Before morning she had au apopletic seizure, whicl
soon deprived her of all feeling, and at the end of si:
dtiys terminated her valuable life.
, at his residence in Winona, Columbiana Co.
Ohio, on the 13th of 11th mo. 1878, John L. Kite, M. D.
in the 81st year of his .age, an esteemed member of Nei
Garden Monthly and Particular Meeting, Ohio.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TWELFTH MONTH 14, 1878.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ce, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is cliarged for
Postageon thoseaentby mail.
Subacriptioas ana Paymeota received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
T SO. 116 N'ORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
From tbe "Americm Jonrnal of Science and Arts."
Purest Gcagrapiif anJ ArcliiCJlogy.
BY ASA GRAY.
(Continued from page 130.)
From the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of St.
iwrence, the amount of rain decreases inod-
itely and rather regularly from south to
rth ; but, as less is needed in a cold climate,
are is enough to nourish forest throughout.
I the Paciflc coast, from the Gulf of Cali-
■nia to Fuget Sound, the southerly third has
nost DO rain at all ; the middle portion less
in our Atlantic least; the northern third
8 about our Atlantic average.
Then, New England has about the same
lount of rain-fall in winter and in summer ;
arida and Alabama about oue-half more in
3 three summer than in the three winter
)nths, — a fairly equable distribution. But
the Pacidc coast there is no summer rain
all, except in the northern portion, and
sre little. And the winter rain, of forty-
ir inches on the northern border, diminishes
less than one half before reaching the Bay
San Francisco; dwindles to twelve, ten, and
;ht inches on the southern coast, and to
ir inches before we reach the United States
undary below San Diego.
Taking tbe whole year together, and con-
ing ourselves to the coast, the average rain-
1 for the year, from Puget Sound to the
rder of California, is from eighty inches at
3 north to seventy at the south, i. e., seventy
the northern edge of California: thence it
ninishesrapidlytothirty-six, twenty (about
n Francisco), twelve, and at San Diego to
;ht inches.
The two rainiest regions of the United
ates are the Paciflc coast north of latitude
■ty-flve, and the northeastern coast and
rders of the Gulf of Mexico. But when one
rainy the other is comparatively rainless,
ir while this Pacific rainy region has only
)m twelve to two inches of its rain in the
mmer months, Florida, out of its forty to
:tj^, has tvventy to twenty-six in summer,
d only six to ten of it in the winter months.
Again, the diminution of rain-fall as we pro-
3d inland fro.m the Atlantic and Gulf shores,
gradual ; the expanse that is or was forest-
id is very broad, and we wonder only that
did not extend farther west than it does.
On the other side of the continent, at the
•rth, the district so favored with winter rain
but a narrow strip, between the ocean and
e Cascade Mountains. East of the latter,
the amount abruptly declines, — for the yeai
from eighty inches to sixteen ; for the wintei
months, from forty-four and forty to eight
and four inches ; for the summer months, fro
twelve aud four to two and one.
So we can understand why the Cascade
Mountains abruptly separate dense and tall
forest on the west from treelessness on th
east. Wo may conjecture, also, why this
North Pacific forest is so magnificent in its
devclo]irnent.
Equall3% in the rapid decrease of rain-fall
southward, in its corresponding restriction to
one season, in the continuation of the Cascade
Mountains as the Sierra Nevada, cutting off
access of rain to the interior, in the unbroken
stretch of coast ranges near the sea, aud the
consequent small and precarious rain-fall in
the great interior valley of California, we see
reasons why the California forest is mainly
attenuated southward into two lines, — into
two tiles of a narrow but lordly procession,
advancing southward along the coast ranges,
and along the western flank of the Sierra Ne-
vada, leaving the long valley between com-
paratively bare of trees.
By the limited and precai-ious rain-fall of
California, wo may account for the limitations
of its "forest. But how shall we account for
the fact that this district of comparatively
little rain produces the largest trees in the
world? Not only produces, alone of all the
world, those two peculiar big trees which ex-
cite our special wonder, — their extraordinary
growth might be some idiosyncracy of a race,
but also produces pines and fir-trees, whose
brethren we know, and whoso capabilities we
can estimate, upon a scale only less gigantic.
Evidently there is something here wonder-
fully favorable to the development of trees,
especially of coniferous trees; and it is not
easy to determine what it can be.
Nor, indeed, does the rain-fall of the coast
of Oregon, great as it is, fully account for the
extraordinary development of its forest ; for
the rain is nearly all in the winter, very little
ummer. Yet here is more timber to the
acre than in any other part of North America,
or perhaps in any other part of the world. The
trees are never so enormous in girth as some
of the Californian, but are of equal height —
at least on the average — three hundred feet
being common, and they stand almost within
arms' length of each other.
The explanation of all this may mainly be
found in the great climaticditferences between
the Pacific and the Atlantic sides of the con-
tinent; and the explanation of these differ-
ences is found in the difference in the winds
md the great ocean currents.
The winds are from the ocean to the land
all the year round, from northwesterly in
summer, southwesterly in winter. And the
great Pacific Gulf-stream sweeps toward and
along the coast, instead of bearing away from
it, as on our Atlantic side.
The winters are mild and short, and are to
a great extent a season of growth, instead of
suspension of growth as with us. So there is
afar longer season available to treevegetatiou
than with us, during all of which trees may
either grow or accumulate the materials for
growth. On our side of the continent and in
this latitude, trees use the whole autumn in
getting ready for a six-months winter, which
is completelj' lost time.
Finally, as concerns the west coast, the lack
of summer rain is made up by the moisture-
laden ocean winds, which regularly every
summer afternoon wrap the coast-ranges of
mountains, which these forests affect, with
mist and fog. The Rj iwood, one of the two
California big trees — the handsomjst and far
the most abundant and useful, — is restrictei
to these coast- ranges, bathed with soft showers
fresh from the ocean all winter, and with fogs
and moist ocean air all summer. It is no-
where found beyond the reach of these foj;s.
South of Monterey, where this summar con-
densation lessens, and winter rains become
precarious, the Rjd woods disappear, and the
general forest becomes restricted t) favorable
tations on mountain sides and summits. *
■ * The whole coast is bordered by a line of
mountains, which condense the moisture of
the sea breezes upon their cool slopes and
summits. These winds, continuing eastward,
descend dry into the valleys, and warming as
they descend, take up moisture instead of
dropping any. These valleys, when broad,
are sparsely wooded or woodless, except at
the north, where summer-rain is not very
rare.
Beyond stretches the Sierra Nevada, all
rainless in summer, except local hail-storms
and snow-falls on its higher crests and peaks.
Yet its flanks are forest-clad ; and, between
the levels of 3,000 and 9,000 feet, they bear
an ample growth of the largest coniferous
trees known. In favored spots of this forest
and only there — are found those groves of
the giant Sequoia, neai' kin of the Redwood of
the coast-ranges, whoso trunks are from fifty
to ninety feet in circumference, and height
from two hundred to three hundred and
twenty-five feet. And in reaching these won-
drous trees you ride through miles of sugar-
pines, yellow pines, spruces and firs, of such
magnificence in girth and height, that the big
is, when reached — astonishing as thoyare
— seem not out of keeping with their sur-
roundings.
I cannot pretend to account for the extreme
magnificence of this sierra-forest. Its rain-
fiiU is in winter, and of unknovvn but large
amount. Doubtless most of it is in snow, of
vhich fifty or sixty feet falls in some winters ;
and — different from the coast and in Oregon,
where it falls as rain, and at a temperature
which does not suspend vegetable action, —
here the winter must be complete cessation.
But with such great snow-fall the supply of
moisture to the soil should be abundant and
lasting.
138
THE FRIEND.
Then the Sierra — much loftier than the
coast ranges— rising from 7,000 or 8,000 to
11,000 and 14,000 feet— is refreshed in sum
mer by the winds from the Pacific, from
Avhich it takes the last drops of available mois
ture; and mountains of such altitude, to which
moisture from whatever source or direction
must necessarily be attracted, are always ex
poctod to support forests, — at least when not
cut off from sea-winds by interposed chains
of equal altitude. Trees such mountains wi"
have. The only and the real wonder is, that
the Sierra Nevada should rear such immense
trees 1
Moreover, we shall see, that this forest is
rich and superb only in one line ; that, beyond
one favorite tribe, it is meagre enough. Such
for situation, and extent, and surrounding
conditions, are the two forests — the Atlantic
and Pacific — which are to bo compared.
In order to come to this comparison, I must
refrain from all account of the intervening
forest of the Rocky Mountains, — only say-
ing, that it is comparatively poor in the size
of its trees and the number of species; that
few of its species are peculiar, and those
mostly in the southern part, and of the Mex
can plateau type ; that they are common to the
mountain-chains which lie between, stretched
north and south en echelon, all through that
arid or desert region of Utah and Nevada, of
which the larger part belongs to the grea
basin between the iiocky M'juntains and thi
Sierra Nevada: that mostof the Rocky Moun
tain trees are identical in species with those
of the Pacific forest, except far north, where
a few of our eastern ones are intermingled
I may add that the Rocky Mountains propei
get froni twelve to twenty inches of rain in
the year, mostly in winter snow, some in sum
mer showers.
But the interior mountains get little, and
the plains or valleys between them less : tbi
Sierra arresting nearly all the moisture com
ing from the Pacific, the Rocky Mountains al
coming from the Atlantic side.
(To be continued.)
For '• The Friend.'
Iiicitlciits and Rcflcctioas.— No. il.
(CONFKSSIDN AND KESTITUTION.)
The duty of confessing our sins and making
restitution when we have wronged others,
so strongly impressed upon the heart of him
who truly repents, that where we find persons
unwilling to submit to it, there is room to
doubt whether they have yet fully yielded
their hearts to the convicting power of Divine
Grace. There may be and probably are, many
cases in which the awakened sinner is not led
to make open confession of his former evil
deeds ; because there may be many reasons
-which would render it improper; yet ho ought
in every instance to be so humbled under the
power of God, as to bo made willing to take
shame to him.self, and to do whatever he is
convinced is called for at his hands. This
humility and surrender of self are essential to
enable any one to go through the narrow,
"strait" gate which is the only entrance to
the highway that leads to the Kingdom of
Heaven.
Among the hills of northern New England
were two infidel neighbors. One of these
heard the gospel message, was impressed
therewith, and enabled to bow in heart to the
visitations of that Grace which hath appeared
unto all men, and which bringeth salvation
to those who are guided by it. This Grace,
the aposi.le says, teaches us, among other
duties, to live righteously ; and the convicted
sinner felt that he had wronged his neighbor.
No doubt his pride rebelled against making
the acknowledgment of his fault; but the ter-
rors of the Lord for disobedience are a fearful
burthen to an aroused conscience — as the
Scriptures query, " A wounded spirit who can
bear?" So he visited his infidel neighbor and
informed him of the change that had taken
place in his feelings as to religion. The other
replied that he had heard of it, and was sur-
prised, because he had thought him about as
sensible a man as there was in town.
" Well," said the Christian, "I have got a
duty to do to j'ou, and I want you to stop
talking and hear me. I haven't slept much
for two nights for thinking of it. I have four
sheep in my flock that belong to you. They
came into ray field six years ago ; and I knew
they had your mark on them, but I took them
and marked them with ray mark ; and you
nquired all around and could not hear any
thing of them. But they are in my field, with
the increase of them ; and now I want to set-
tle this matter. I have lain awake nights and
groaned over it, and I have come to get rid
of it. And now I am at your opiion. I will
do just what you say. If it is a few years in
State's prison, I will suffer that. If it is
money or property .you want, say the word.
I have a good farm and money at interest,
and you can have all you ask. I want to
settle this matter up and get rid of it."
The infidel was amazed. Ue began to trem
ble.
" If you have got them sheep you are wel-
come to them. I don't want nothing of you,
if you will only go away ; a man that will
come to me as you have — something must
have got hold of you that I don't understand..
You may have the sheep, if you will only go
away."
"No," said the Christian, "I must settle
this matter up and pay for the sheep ; I shall
not be satisfied without. And you must tell
rae how much."
" Well," said the skeptic, " if }'ou must paj
me, you may give mo what the sheep were
worth when they got into your field, and pay
me six per cent on ihe amount, and go off and
let me alone."
The man counted out the value of the sheep
and the interest on the amount, and laid it
down, and then doubled the dose, and laid as
much more down beside it, and went bis way ;
leaving a lo;id on his neighbor's heart almos
as heavy as that which he himself had borne.
One result which followed from this honest
confession and restitution, was the conviction
forced on the mind of the man who had lost
the sheep, that there was something real in
the power of religion ; and he himself was
afterwards frequently seen in the assemblies
of those met to worship the Lord.
It is related of — Nott, a missionary to one
of the islands in the Pacific Ocean, that he
preached a sermon one day on the words.
Let him that stole steal no more." In the
sermon he said that it was a duty to return
things that had formerly been stolen.
The ne.xt morning when ho opened his door,
he saw a number of natives sitting on the
round around the house. lie was surprised
to see them there so early, and asked why
they had come. " Wo have not been able to
sloop all night," thoy said. " We were at the
chapel yesterday, and heard you say that J
hovah commanded us not to steal ; where
we used to worship a god who we thoug
would protect thieves. We have stolen, a
all these things we have brought with us £
stolen goods." Then one of the men held
a saw, saying, " I stole this from the carpe
ters of such and such a ship." Others held i
knives and various tools.
"Why have you brought them to ?ne
asked the missionary. " Take them hom
and wait till the ships from which you sto
them come again, and then return them, wit
a present besides." Still the people begg(
him to keep the things until they coulJ fie
the owners. One man, who had stolen from
missionary, then being on another island, toe
a voyage of seventy miles, to restore tb
goods.
That is the only way to improve by preac
ing — doing what it says. How many peop
form good resolutions when they hear a se
mon which touches the heart and con8eienc(
but how few such resolutions are set to actio
" Be ye doers of the word, and not heare
only, deceiving your own selves."
A recent writer speaks of a friend, natu
ally of a gloomy turn of mind, who had muc
peace and joy during a long illness that ende
in death. Speaking to his widow as to tt
cause of this, which seemed in one of his too:
perament somevvhat remarkable, she said thi
her husband gratefully noticed the fact, an
next to the hope of salvation which he ha
through Jesus Christ, he thought that it ws
because he had never once knowingly cheati
any one of a lump of coal, his business bein
that of a coal-merchant.
Reasoning in Arctic Foxes. — For some goo
nstances of reasoning in animals I am
debted to Br. Rae. Desiring to obtain som
Arctic foxes, he set various kinds of traps
but, as the foxes knew these traps from pn
vious experience, he was unsuccessful. Ai
cordingly, he set a kind of trap with whic
the foxes in that part of the country were nc
acquainted. Tliis consisted of a loaded gu
set upon a stand pointing at the bait,
string connected the trigger of the gun wit
the bait, so that when the fox seized the bai
he discharged the gun, and thus committei
suicide. In this arrangement the gun wai
separated from the bait by a distance of abou
20 yards, and the string which connected th
trigger with the bait was concealed througl:
out nearly its whole distance in the snow
The gun-trap thus set was successful in kil
ing one fox, but not in killing a second; fo
the foxes afterward adopted either of two d(
vices whereby to secure the bait without in
juring themselves. One of these devices wa
to bite through the string at its exposed par
near the trigger, and the other device was t'
burrow up to the bait through the snow si
right angles to the line of fire, so that, a
though in this way thoy discharged the gut
they escaped, without injury, the bait bein
pulled below the line of tire before the strin;
was drawn sufficiently tight to discharge th'
gun. Now, both of these devices oxhibite(
a wonderful degree of what I think must fair
be called a power of reasoning. I have care
fully interrogated Dr. Rae on all the circum
stances of the case, and he tells me that
that part of the world traps are never set witl
strings, so that there can have been no spec
association in thefoxes' minds between string:
THE FRIEND.
139
id traps. Moreover, after the death of fox
imber one, the track on the snow showed
lat fox number two, notwithstanding the
mptation offered by the bait, had expended
great deal of scientific observation on the
in before ho undertook to sever the cord,
astly, with regard to burrowing at right
gles to the line of fire, Dr. Rae and a friend
whom he has confidence observed the fact
sufficient number of times to satisfy them-
Ives that the direction of the burrowing
■eally to be attributed to thought and
)t to chance. — The Nineteenth Century.
For "The Friend."
The following, from Pothergill's Discourses,
is hoped will be appreciated by parents in
e younger walks and meridian of life, who
intrusted with the care and training of
eir beloved offspring.
O ye parents and heads of families, who
e placed as delegated shepherds over them ;
aaely beware lest the blood of your children,
' any part of your charge fall on your heads,
f through your misconduct they become cor-
ipted, and their souls perish.) Know that
quisition for blood will hasten from the
ipreme Judge, who divideth the classes of
ankind ; and hath, as it were, separated from
le rest those who are parents and have chil-
ren ; his call is to these, 'Go work in my
ineyard.' The precious gifts which he hath
iven as pledges of his love, are to be led and
istrucled by them with a proper authority.
f the parents experimentally felt the advan-
Iges of spiritual health in themselves, then
rould they be concerned that the tender
linds of their children should be properly
ultivated with the knowledge of the Lord,
nd a fearful apprehension of transgressing
is supreme commands. They would teach
liem to look further than mer.e temporal ac-
uisitions ; even to God their Creator. They
'ould bring them up in the nurture and fear
f the Lord ; in order that their minds might
e filled from the storehouse and magazine of
oundless good, and early enriched with the
jys of God's salvation.
And this would naturally diffuse the greatest
atisfaction to the parents themselves, to see
heir children become the delight and orna-
lent of human nature, and fitted for a glori-
as change! the company of angels, and the
pirits of just men made perfect. The ties of
ature, and the stronger ties of gratitude to|
lim who gave the blessing, call aloud for
eaching the tender minds of your children,
o walk in the safe and delightful paths of
irtue. With what satisfaction and compo-
ure of mind will such parents be enabled to
nswer the great God, upon his awful exam-
uation to this purpose : " What have you
lone with those tender sheep which I eom-
fiitted to your care in the wilderness? have
'ou trained them up in safety?"
How will such parents be supported by a
lonsciousness of having done their duty, in
hat solemn hour I They then may truly say,
; have done ray utmost within my contracted
phere, within the narrow precincts of my
illotment in life, to fill up my stated duty.
Chen the Supreme Judge will set at his right
land such parents, and they shall be united
;o him in glory.
I wish all parents and heads of families
would continually walk hand in hand with
,heir children and families, in the path which
eadeth to life eternal ; daily watching over,
and improving their rising judgments, with
the wisdom which cometh from above; in-
structing and encouraging them in the con-
templation of divine things : persuading them
to believe, as the truth is, that the things of
this world are all uncertain and fading away ;
that they have everlasting mansions erected
for them in the citj' of their God; where (if
they fall not short, or turn not aside) they
shall enjoy the company of saints and angels
for evermore. Exercise yourselves in this
}-our present state, differently from those
whose faculties are bounded within the nar-
row limits of this world; cultivate, continu-
ally cultivate the minds of your offspring:
endeavoring to raise in them a proper com-
prehension of the dignity of their natures,
and to fi.x in them early a steadfast belief of
their immortality ; which is of the utmost im-
portance to all. The hearts of those are un-
sound, who live in a perpetual attachment to
the jjride of life ; who are contaminated with
the love of the world, wherein their chief hap-
piness appears to be placed. How can such
point out the way to the city of God? How
can they say to their children, ' Let us i-etreat
from the world, from this scene of corruption ;
let us withdraw from the cares and solici-
tudes of this life: let us contemplate the joys
of eternity : let nothing separate us from that
blessed hope!' How can parents thus address
their children when they have, perhaps for a
long course of years, ceased to consider the
awful importance of the subject; and their
own minds continue fixed, and tied down to
the fading enjoyments of life ; alas ! that folly
and vanity of the superficial pleasures of the
world should so entirely engage and engross
the attention of any one immortal individual,
as to lake up almost every moment of their
precious time! Hence, sometimes parents,
instead of instructing the minds of their chil-
dren, have so totally corrupted their own,
that they have laid obstructions in the way
to the immortal happiness of their offspring,
and have thereby aggravated their own guilt
bej'ond expression; alas! what will their
punishment prove, when convicted of so great
a neglect and violation of their duty ? When
He that is judge of the quick and dead shall
appear in judgment to render to every man
according to his works? May all parents
who are negligent in the discharge of their
duty, lay it seriousl}' to heart!
In the mean time niaj' you, my brethren
jd sisters, in a spiritual relation, continue in
a state of lively, active health — laboring in
the sure ground of hope ; that when the great
Shepherd himself shall appear, you may also
appear with him in glory. If you so persist,
I cannot but yet hope that your steadfast con-
tinuance will prove the means of spreading
spiritual health in an eminent degree. O
fathers and mothers ! I beseech you, by the
mercies of God, and the solemn account you
must one day close with Him, that you lay
this charge seriously to heart; still offering
up your humble petitions to the Father of
light, that he would enable you more and
more to instruct the children he hath blessed
you with, in the one thing needful, in order
that being thus favored, thus enlightened and
enlarged by his power, you may have noth-
ing to do but die, when that time shall arrive ;
nothing to charge yourselves with in relation
to the neglect of this great duty, when the
measure of your daj's shall be accomplished,
but may render up your accounts with joy,
and receive the beati fie sentence of '' Well done,
good and faithful servant; thou hast been
faithful in a little, I will make thee ruler over
more, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord."
West Chester, Pa., 12th mo. 1st, 1878.
For "The Friond."
To THE Editors op " The Friend."
After reading the interesting description of
the late Eclipse, in "The Friend" of last week,
I was reminded of letters in my possession,
from Burlington, Iowa, describing the Eclipse
of 1869, that I thought would be interesting
to the readers of ''The Friend."
"Yesterday I mailed papers, giving some
account of the great eclipse, which came off
promptly and according to prediction, Satur-
day p. M. The weather was remarkably clear,
not a cloud in sight. I made some simple
preparations and saw it under verj' favorable
circumstances, and must say, was deeply im-
pressed with the majesty of the event — having
a very good marine opera-glass, and found by
covering the eye sight with smoked glass,
that the sun could bo looked at. I rigged it
up and made ready in the forenoon ; with the
glass the sun looked like a sphere and not a
flat disk, and with it I could see a spot on tho
sun. Thinking I should never have another
opportunity to see a total eclipse, I deter-
mined to make the most of this, and shut up
the store at 3 p. m., and in company with a
few friends, went up on the bluff overlooking
the river, where wo could have an extended
view of the surrounding country. There wo
met a party of six gentlemen, from Aurora,
III., who had come over to see tlie show, there
were a great many strangers in town, beside
tbe professional astronomers. We took our
stations; occasionally looking up at the great
luminary, and observed the first contact at
3.57, and concluded the astronomers were cor-
rect in their calculations, we watched tho
moon's gradual movement with intermissions
to view the shadows and changi^ of tints on
the landscape around us — the swallows, sail-
ing about in the air, appeared to get excited,
as the shadow increased, and finally retired —
the birds and beasts were generally impressed
with the idea that it was time to go to roost,
or move homeward. The sun was about half
covered at 4.30, and just before the total we
discovered Venus shining brightly, north and
cast of the sun, and after, we saw tho planet
Mercury, a few degrees west of the sun ; this
planet t believe is seldom seen, being always
so near the sun. The great event, the to-
tality, came on just before 5 o'clock, and was
a grand sight to behold ; as tbe last rays of
the sun were being shut off, the beautiful
Corona burst forth, appearing like a bright
silver ring, with rays of glory, of irregular
length, some of them extending much farther
than others, surrounded the moon ; this effect
is produced, I believe, by the illuminated at-
mosphere around the sun. This lasted nearly
three minutes, (I wish it had been fifteen or
more,) during which time we observed at the
lower and also at the right limb, ruby colored
protuberances of exceeding brilliancy, one of
them said to be 45,000 miles high — it looked
to me about the size of an egg plum — not being
acquainted with astronomy, I cannot explain
the nature of these ruby-colored projections,
nor have I as yet heard any satisfactory ex-
planations, but would like to know more
about them. The landscape looked grand
during totality, there was a general gloom
140
THE FRIEND.
around and over head, that was very imp
sivo, but an orange-colored brightness around
the horizon, not so brilliant as we often seoi
at sunset, but very rich tints. It was no
very dark, not so much so as I expected — i
was a peculiar darkness, objects could be seen
clearly and seemed to be drawn nearer; I
looked for the bridge, down the river about a
mile, and could see it distinctly. J. Feu
more Cooper, in speaking of the eclipse of
]80G, said it was very dark, so much so that
the blades of grass by his feet were invisible.
I am satisfied he was mistaken ; his account
was written many years after the event, and
his memory failed him; the length of time
being so short in which the moon obscures
the sun, is insufficient to expel the light. My
theory is, it would increase in darkness if the
obscuration lasted longer; do j'ou think I am
correct ?
"As the moon passed off and the sun again
burst forth, our Aurora friends broke out into
cheers, which I believe was the feeling of the
people generally — and the grand exhibition
was over.
"I regretted two things, that the totality
did not continue longer, and that 1 had not a
powerful telescope to view it with ; but it was
a sight ever to be remembered.
J. P. B."
Remarks of an Indian relative to singing
in meetings for worship and regardingpreach
ing, as related to a Friend who devoied many
years of his early life in teaching, and
laboring for the good of the natives. — j821
"He began to speak to us respecting the
manner those of the natives had proceeded
who pay attention to the First day of the
week, in having singing introduced among
them; said he had considered of it and his
mind was not quite satisfied therewith, as he
could not think of the Great Spirit whilst en-
gaged therein, as he wished to, on account of
his mind being occupied with the music, but
when he sat down and meditated, he then
could remember all the mistakes he had made,
and could reflect upon the Great Spirit; heap
proved of having preaching or advice amongst
them, by some of their people, but it should
bo given freely, or else he did not think it
was quite right."
Outdone by a Boy. — A lad in Boston, rather
small for his years, works in an office as errand
boy for four gentlemen who do business there.
One day the gentlemen were chaffing him a
little about being so small, and said to h
"You never will amount to much, you
never can do much business, you are too
small."
" Well," said he, "as small as I am, I can
do something which none of you four men
can do."
" Ah, what is that ?" said they.
" I don't know as I ought to tell you," he
replied. But they wore anxious to know,
and urged him to toll what he could do that
none of them were able to do.
"lean keep from swearing!" said the little fel-
low. There wore some blushes on four manly
faces, and there seemed to be verj' little anx
iety for further information on the point.
Some one has beautifully said that "sin-
cerity is speaking as we think, believing as
we pretend, acting as wo profess, performin"' K
as wo promise, and being as we appear." power
TPIE FOREST RAMBLE.
One golden autumn day we gathered leaves,
My little friend and I, from forest trees ;
So fleet was he, that with my sober pace,
I could of my young friend scarce keep a trace;
A yellow leaflet here,— a red one there.
He spied, and ofl'he bounded light as air;
O'er rock and hillock, or perchance a wall,
He clambered for the fairest of them all ;
In forest deep he saw a shrub at last,
And quickly forward to the spot he passed ;
I hastened on, till from a gentle rise,
I saw him, hands outstretched to seize the prize.
Above his head in colors dazzling bright.
The poisonous sumach met my startled sight.
" 'Tis i5oison, child," I cried, " a moment wait,"
But ere I reached the place it was too late ;
For, lest to pick them I would not allow.
He quickly gathered them, bough after bough ;
So 'tis, I tiiought, with children older grown,
They cannot let forbidden fruit alone ;
And though the Lord himself should say "Forbear,"
They grasp the dazzling prize as false as fair.
^^^^ iMcy C. Oilson.
Selected.
" THE MAN OF MACEDONIA."
Acts xvi. 6-10.
O, for a vision and a voice to lead me,
To show me plainly where my work should lie.
Go where I may, fresh hindrances impede me,
Vain and unanswered seems my earnest cry.
Hush ! unbelieving one, but for thy blindness.
But for thine own impatience and self-will.
Thou wouldest see, thy Master's loving kindness
Who by those hindrances is leading still.
He who of old through Phrygia and Galatia,
Led the apostle Paul and'blessed him there.
If He forbid to preach the word in Asia,
Must have prepared for thee a work elsewhere.
Courage and Patience ! Is the Master sleeping ?
Has He no plan, no purposes of love ?
What though awhile his counsel He is keeping,
It is maturing in the world above.
Wait on the Lord, in His right hand be hidden.
And go not forth uncalled to strive alone.
Shun like a sin the tempting work forbidden,
God's love for souls be sure exceeds thine own.
The Master cares! Why feel or seem so lonely?
Nothing can interrupt real work for God,
Work may be changed, it cannot cease ; if only
We are resolved to cleave unto the Lord.
None are good works for thee, but works appointed,
Ask to be filled with knowledge of His will
Cost what it may ; why live a life disjointed ?
One work throughout, God's pleasure to fulfil.
But if indeed some special work awaits thee,
Canst thou afford this waiting time to lose ?
By each successive task God educates thee,
What if the iron be too blunt to use ?
Can walls be builded with untempered mortar?
Can fish be caught in an unmended .snare?
Must not the metal pass through fire and water.
If for the battle field it would prepare ?
Oh! thou unpolished shaft, why leave the quiver?
Oh ! thou blunt axe, what forest canst thou hew ?
Unsharpened sword, canst thou the oppressed deliver?
Go back to thine own maker's forge anew.
Submit thyself to God for preparation.
Seek not to teach thy Master and thy Lord,
Call it not zeal ; it is a base temptation
Satan is pleased when man dictates to God.
Down with thy pride! With holy vengeance trample
On each .self-flattering fancy that appears.
Did not the Lord himself for our example,
Lie hid in Nazareth for thirty years?
Wait the appointed time for work appointed.
Lest by the tempter's wiles thou be ensnared,
Fresh be the oil wherewith thou art anointed,
Let God prepare thee for the work prepared.
Iness is an invisible force of unmeasurcil
A Railway Incident.
[A. correspondent in Iowa sends us the fi
lowing touching incident, written by J. J
Dosh, a member of the United Broihr
Society, with whom he was personally
quaintod, and whom he represents as a ii
whose statements may be relied upon as i
rect.]
In travelling, we often meet with perso:
of different nationalities and languages. \1
also meet with incidents of various characte
some sorrowful, and others joyful and instru
tive. One of the latter character 1 witnossi
recently, while travelling upon the ears. Tl
train was going west, and the time was eve
ing. At a station a little girl about i
years old came aboard, carrying a little budg
under her arm. She came into the car ar
deliberately took a seat. She then commence
an eager scrutiny of faces, but all werestrang
to her. She appeared weary, and placing tt
budget for a pillow, she prepared to try
secure a little sleep. Soon the conductt
came along collecting tickets and faro. 01
serving him, she asked if she might lie ther
The gentlemanly conductor replied that si
might, and then kindly asked for her ticke
She informed him that she had none, whe
the following conversation ensued. Said th
conductor :
" Where are j'ou going?"
She ansvvered : " I am going to heaven.'
He asked again, " Who pays your fare ?"
She then said, " Mister, does this railroa
lead to heaven, and does Jesus travel on it?
[e answered, " I think not. Why did yo
think so?"
" Why, sir, before my ma died, she use
sing to me of a heavenly railroad, and yo
looked so nice and kind I thought this '\i
the road. M}^ ma used to sing of Jesus
the heavenly railroad, and that he paid th
fare for everybody ; and that the train stop
ped at every station to take people on board
but my ma don't sing to me any more. No
body sings to me now, and I thought I'd tak
the cars and go to ma. Mister, do you sin^
to your little girl about the railroad that goe.'i
to heaven ? You have a little girl haven'
you ?"
He replied, weeping, "No, my little dear, ]
have no little girl now. I had one once, bui
she died some time ago, and went to heaven.'
Again she asked, "Did she go over th
railroad ; and are you going to see her now ?'
By this time all persons in the coach were!
upon their feet, and most of them were weep-i
ing. An attempt to describe what I witnessedi
is almost futile. Some said, " God bless the
little girl." Hearing some person say that
he was an angel, the little girl earnestly
plied, " Yes, my ma used to say I would be an
angel some time."
Addressing herself once more to the con-
ductor sho asked him, "Do you love Jesus?
I do, and if you love Him Ho will let you ride
to heaven on his railroad. I am going there,
and I wish you would go with me. 1 know
Jesus will let me into heaven when I get there,
and lie will lot you in too, and everybody
that will ride on his railroad — yea, all these
people. Would'ntyou like to see heaven, and
Jesus, and your little girl ?"
Those words, so innocently and pathetically
uttered, brought a great gush of tears from
all eyes, but most profusely from the eyes of
the conductor. Some who were travelling o
the heavenly railroad shouted aloud for joy.
THE FRIEND.
141
he now asked the conductor, "Mister, may
e here until we get to heaven ?"
le answered, " Yes, dear, yes."
ihe then asked, "Will you wake mo up
n, so that I may see my ma, your little
I, and Jesus? for I do so much want to see
;m all."
rhe answer came in broken accents, but in
rds very tenderly spoken, " Yes, dear angel,
'. God bless you !" " Amen !" was sobbed
imore than a score of voices.
furning her e3'es again upon the couductor,
I interrogated him :
' What shall I tell your little gii'l when I
I her ? Shall I say to her that I saw her
on Jesus' railroad? Shall I?"
Chis brought a fresh flood of tears from all
(Sent: and the conductor kneeled by her
e, and, embracing her, wept the reply he
lid not utter. At this juncture the brakes-
n culled out " H s." The conductor
ise and requested him to attend to his (the
iductor's) duty at the station, for he was
jaged. That was a precious place. I thank
d that I was a witness to this scene, but I
8 sorry that at this point 1 was obliged to
ve the train.
k few months after the above occurrence,
! writer of the narrative received a letter
m the conductor, acknowledging that the
cumstanco had been a blessing to him spirit
ly ; and giving some additional information
pecting the little girl. The letter says:
'I had pro|)osed adopting her in the place
my little daughter, who is now in heaven,
th this intention I took her to C— B — •,
1 on my return trip I look her back to
— n, where she left the cars. In consulta
n with my wife in regard to adopting her,
) replied, 'Yes, certainly, and immediately
), for there is a Divine providence in this.
,' said she, ' I never could refuse to take
der my charge the instrument of my hus-
]d's salvation.' I made inquirj' for the
Id at S n, and learned that in three
f?8 after her return she died suddenly, with
t any apparent disease, and her happy soul
i gone to dwell with her ma, my little girl,
i the angels in heaven."
From the " National Farmer.'
Our California Letter.
THRESHING.
We had ten stacks of grain, making five
ettings." They had cost us a great deal of
lor and money. We bought seed last No-
mber. We plowed our fields, sowed the
lin, and harrowed it in. We watched it
lile it grew ; when it was ripe we reaped it.
d stacked it. We knew just how much
5se stacks had cost us, but their value wtis
natter of conjecture merely. Indeed, they
d no market value as they stood. They
ist bo threshed. The golden grain must be
Darated from the comparatively worthies
atf and straw. So we engaged a man to
me with a separator, a steam engine, eight
rses and twenty-two men to thresh for us,
e had to furnish fuel for the engine and
)d for the horses and men. For a week our
use was turned into a hotel. We employed
Dhinaman to cook. He had to get break-
it ready for the threshers at 5 o'clock in tht
jrning, for they wanted to be out in the
Id at work as soon as they could see. The
lount of provisions that those threshers
3wed away during that week was astoiiish-
ng. Twenty pounds of beef, a wash-boiler
ull of hot coifee, and other things in propor-
tion, thi-ee times a day. The engine did not
work well. They would have to stop every
hour or two for repairs. On the third day
the cylinder burst, ami it had to be sent to
San Joso and another brought out in its place.
The result was that the threshing required
twice as long and cost nearly twice as much
as it should ; for the farmer has to board the
threshers whether they work or not, and he
has to pay the wages of sixteen out of the
twent^'-two. Well, at the end of the week
we knew just what our stacks were worth.
We had the grain in sacks ready for market.
We were disappointed. We expected two
thousand sacks, and we obtained only four-
teen hundred. But all our neighbors are dis-
appointed in the same way. The winter was
too wet. The growth was too rank. There
was a superabundance of straw, and a light
yield of grain. This threshing week will be
memorable one in our lives. It is a new
experience for us, and one that we have re
solved shall never be repeated. We will
manage hereafter to raise something else in-
stead of grain, or to devise some more civil-
ized way of threshing it.
But enough of our personal experience.
Let me add some reflections:
1. A great man}' people are like our grain.
Nobody can tell what is in them until they
are threshed. The trials of life test our
characters. They show just what we are
worth. A man may carry his head high, like
a bead of shrunken wheat (and the lighter
the heail the higher it is carried), until temp-
tation or aflliction comes. Then he is blown
away like chaff.
2. Threshing is the hardest work of the
year. It is the time most dreaded by th
farmer and his family. It is an operation that
they regard as necessary, and yet shrink from,
and rejoice when it is over. So with the d'
cipline which we all need; which shows us
what we are. We know that it is for our
good, and yet we do not love it! It is hard
for us to kiss the rod.
3. As most farmers are dependent on others
for their threshing ; so we secure from others,
largely, the discipline which tests us. Some
one has written both wittily and wisely upo
"The uses of an enemy." Another cried,
"Save me from my friends." In our inter
course with the world there is constant frie
tion and collision. Those we trust are ever dis-
appointing us. And this " tribulation worketh
experience." This threshing teaches us to
know ourselves.
i. Most farmers are disappointed when
their grain is threshed. It seldom turns out
as well as they expected. From the stacli
that the}^ thought contained five hundred
bushels the thresher gets but three. So men,
when tried, find themselves weaker than they
thought they were. They have not the moral
stamina they supposed they had. They are
disappointed in themselves — humbled and
read}' to look to God for strength. Nothing
does a man so much good as taking the con
ceit out of him. This is one of the earliest
and best results of our disappointments in life.
This is the preparation for seeking the grace
which is made perfect in our weakness.
5. The result of threshing, even in the most
favorable circumstances, is a great deal more
straw and chaff than grain. And so the
I Christian finds when afflictions come, that the
dross in him far exceeds the gold — that there
an immense amount of " wood, hay and
stubble."
Finally, as we rejoiced when our threshing
was over, so there will be joy when the saints
come out of great tribulation, with robes
hed and made white in the blood of the
Lamb. There is a great deal of trouble in this
world. We often feel as if God dealt harshly
with us. But when we see how necessary
I how merciful the discipline was, we shall
thank him most for what now seems most
unkind.
For " The Friend."
Thoughts aud Feelings.
THE LIGHT OF CHRIST.
" This is the condemnation," saith our Holy
Redeemer, " that light is corae into the world,
and men love darkness rather than light be-
luse their deeds are eril." It is surely one
of our greatest privileges and mercies, that
our Heavenly Father has enlightened His
creature man — ^and this as wide-reaching as
the fruits of the fall — with a measure of sav-
ing light; which as it is believed in, yielded
to, and followed, will lead out of darkness
into fellowship and sweet communion "with
the dear Son and Sent of the Father, who
said "I am ihe light of the world : ho that f'ol-
lowoth me shall not walk in darkness, but
shall have the light of life." Again it is writ-
ten of tlie Word made flesh, " In him was life ;
and the life was the light of men." " That was
the true light, which lighteth every man that
Cometh into the world."
This light, while greatly increased to us of
a new covenant and more glorious gospel day,
hath ever been more or le.ss distinctly the
illuminating power in all, and guide of the
children of the Lord in every age of the world.
Thus it is written that in the beginning of
the creation, God said, "Let there be light,
and there was light." We read also that in
the manifold mercies of the Shepherd of Israel,
He forsook them not in their wilderness jour-
neyings. For " The pillar of the cloud de-
parted not from them by day, to lead thorn
in the way ; neither the pillar of fire by night,
to show them light, and the way wherein they
should go." It is recorded by the patriarch
Job in relation to the wicked : " They are of
those that rebel against the light ; they know
not the ways thereof, nor abide in the paths
thereof" While to that Patriarch, by the
Lord himself, it is said : " From the wicked
their light is withholden." &c. It is declai-ed
by the "Psalmist : "The Lord is my light and
my salvation," &c. Again, "In Thy light
shall we see light." And again : "God is the
Lord, which hath shown us light; bind the
sacrifice with cords to the horns of the altar."
Isaiah testifies: ""He shall be unto thee an
everlasting light, and thy God thy glory."
And again, " O house of Jacob, come ye, and
let us walk in the light of the Lord."
These testimonies from an earlier dispensa-
tion point no less richly than conclusively
to the heavenly authority, the illuminating
power, and saving efficacy of the light of
Christ in every heart, which under this more
perfect covenant is thus emphatically spoken
of, viz : " All things that are re-proved are made
manifest by the light: for whatsoever doth
make manifest is light. Whoi-efn-e he sailh,
'Awake thou that steepest, and arise from
the dead, and Christ shall give thee light.' "
Again, "Through the tender aif^rcy of our
142
THE FRIEND.
God" "the day-spring from on high hath
visited us, to give light to them that sit in
darljness and the shadow of death, to guide
our feet in the way of peace." Again, " Yet
a little while is the light with you. Walk
while ye have the light, lest darkness come
upon you." * * " VVhile ye have the light
believe in the light, that ye may be the chil-
dren of the light." Again saith Paul, "Let
us put on the armor of light." Again, " God,
who commanded the light to shine out of
darkness, hath shincd iu our hearts, to give
the light of the knowledge of the glory of God
in the face (appearance) of Jesus Christ."
Peter exhorts to " show forth the praises of
Him who hath called out of darkness into His
marvellous light :" and John declares, that
" God is light, and in him is no darkness at
all." " If we walk in the light," he continues,
" as He is in the light, we have fellowship one
with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ
his Son clcansoth us from all sin." In accord-
ance with this it is a testimony of George Fox,
that "None know Christ as a Mediator and
Lawgiver, nor as an offering, nor his blood
that cleanseth them, but as they know him
working in them." Again, " The Quaker
foundation is theLight of Christ." And again,
'• No man sees salvation, or hath salvation, but
with the light that comes from Christ Jesus,
the salvation."
Would that our members might rally, with
true-hearted obedience, to this fundamental
Quaker doctrine — the light of Christ in the
heart, as "God's gift for man's salvation."
This it is that brings hope, and joy, and peace
to the soul ; and that leads on to the incor-
ruptible birth of the new creation of God.
For all we can know of the true and saving
knowledge which is life eternal, must be open-
ed and taught by the Light and Spirit of
Christ Jesus in the heart. For the Spirit
searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of
God. For what man knoweth the things of
a man, save the spirit of man that is in him ;
even so the things of God knoweth no man,
but the Spirit of God." To which, in conclu-
sion, we would add the testimonies of two
worthy ministers iu the church, Francis How-
gill and Alexander Parker. The first writes:
" The Light of Christ in thy conscience,
which shows thee thy sin, is that which will
save thee from thy sin." The second : " Every
one is accepted, as they are ftvithful to God,
in that light and grace which God hath freely
given to them."
Narcotics aiul Stimulants.
Professor Henry D. Didama, M. D., spoke
on the subject of narcotics and stimulants,
at the hall of the Young Men's Christian As-
sociation, Syracuse, Now York, recently, and
the following is condensed from a report of
the address in the Daily Journal of thai city :
Nature provides for the rest as well as the
stimulation of man. And he who knows and
observes nature's laws, who uses properly the
means which nature has provided to secure
stimulation and repose, should never need any
other. But man does not observe these laws.
He takes upon himself extra burdens, and
then resorts to unnatural stimulation for the
strength to bear thorn. The extra burdens
and the extra stimulation irritate the nervous
system, so that nature's provisions to secure
rest are insufficient, and man resorts to drugs
which are called narcotics.
Opium is at the head of the list. It quiets
as a sedative, induces sleep and relieves pain
it is soporific and narcotic. In the hands of
the physician it can do great good. It not
only palliates, but in many cases radically
cures. There is little wonder that one who
has experienced its effect should have recourse
to its soothing powers when pain pays him a
visit. But the opium habit is soon formed.
The drug which was an occasional luxury
becomes a daily necessity, a pain worse than
the original neuralgia being felt whenever
the effect of the drug wears off. Larger and
larger quantities are needed to relieve the
artificial pain, till at length the victim is a
helpless captive. If he tries to break away,
he is followed by indescribable wretchedness.
If he yields he is wretched forever. The
opium habit impairs digestion, produces ema-
ciation or bloating and sallowness ; it gives a
dead-alive look, it destroys ambition and weak-
ens that mental power which is so essential
to success ; it makes its victim irritable and
often morose, and it blots out all regard for
truth. As a rule the opium eater is a liar.
The amount of opium taken by the men and
women of Syracuse is simply enormous. Your
druggist may in confidence tell you how great
it is if you ask him. If there be any person
in any degree addicted to the use of opium
let him or her stop it at once Make a strong
resolution, and fight it out. The battle is half
won when the resolve to stop is taken. The
uniform testimony is that no harm comes from
stopping. It is easier and better to break
right off than to dally with the evil. Stop-
ping by degrees is deceptive, and the old ap-
petite returning, it is irresistible.
Tobacco is the connecting link between
sedatives and stimulants. It deserves a word
in this connection. Its effect is at first to
excite and then to soothe. A good segar, it
must be confessed, has many attractions. It
gently warms the social nature and then lu-
bricates and lulls the nervous system to a de-
licious repose. But the tobacco habit is an
evil. Whether smoked or chewed, tobacco
habitually used irritates the nervous system,
it induces dyspepsia, pain in the side and pal-
pitation of the heart. Its warmest advocates
admit that it is "a nasty habit." It is usu-
ally associated with, if it does not beget, a
taste for strong drink.
I do not care to waste much time upon to-
bacco. I believe nobody claims that it is a
necessity. I know that it does harm in many
cases. When I advise its discontinuance, I
am met by the plea, "I know it hurts me,
but I can't do without it!" Young man! ask
your mother, she certainly is your friend,
and your sister, whether they would not be
glad to have you stop this useless and dirty
practice ? I used it moderately for many
years. I found great comfort iu my evening
segar. But in the morning there was the de-
pression, the stale odor, the bad taste in the
mouth, and the resolution to quit, which some-
how wore away before night. I stopped for
good one day, and for eight years I have not
touched the weed once. I have none of the
exhilaration born of the tobacco habit, which,
at best, was a temporary excitement; but I
have a steady, good feeling, no rank odor, no
bad taste in the morning, no palpitation, and
no trembling of the hands. And I am able
to do, without harm, an amount of work which
I could not have done had I continued the
use of the seductive weed. Young gentlemen,
suppose you go and do likewise l"
Coming back to stimulants: In a nai
sense they are those substances which n
flagging energies, excite the nervous sysl
and, through this system, various organs
parts of the body. The list is large, inc
iug ammonia, alcohol, camphor, ginger, ]
per, tea, coffee, &c. 1 have no timeto cons
any but the most prominent. Alcohol sta
at the head of the list. It is the active p
ciple of many beverages. Beer, wine, w
key, brandy, gin, all contain from four to i
per cent, of alcohol. Taken in moderate qc
titles the primary effect of any of these I
eragesis to excite the brain, rouse imaginat:
provoke hilarity and loquacity. They quid
heart action, give lustre to the eye, flust
the face, and break down the barriers of c
tion and reason which judgment had erect
and make one confiding and communicat
Thejr have been used from the remotest
tiquity as stimulants to satisfy auniversalci
ing. I need but speak of the multiple i
of alcohol in medicine. It mitigates the flar
of fever, invigorates the failing pulse,
bridges over the chasm between disease
health. These are only a fraction of the g(
done, or claimed to be done, by the fascinat
drinks. But there is another side to the ]
ture, and let us examine that. Grant aim
all that is claimed for alcoholic drinks,
mit that they drown the sorrows of
wretched, that they refresh the weaiy
the overworked, and that they are a fo
There are these objections :
First. They are expensive. The old saw
that anything desirable is either expeusi
wicked or unhealthy. It is not true,
cold water bubbling from the spring, the pt
air of heaven, God's blessed sunlight, are
expensive nor unhealthy nor wicked.
Second. Are they necessary ? Ask the m
titude of men and women with clear cy
fresh faces and healthy bodies, who do t
use them. Ask those who have given up th
use. Ask those who daily use them. E
rience in the Eussian campaign showed th
with the use of alcoholics came disease.
Kane iu the Arctic regions, found that
men best withstood cold and exposure v,
out them. More work can be done with ban
and brain without them.
Third. They are unsafe. There is dang
in the alcohol habit. Stronger and better nv
than you and I have fallen under it. Loi
around, see its victims among the brighte
n all professions and pursuits, and take war
ing of their fall.
Fourth. They are hurtful. They impair ti
resisting power against disease, exposure ai
hardship. The drinker is more liable to di
ease, and has disease worse. The physicij
dreads to be called to a whiskey-soaked p
tient, whose recuperative power is overtask
and feeble. ;They bring on many disease
gastric catarrh, hoarseness, whiskey coug
diseased liver, dropsy, I'atty degeneracy
organs and blood vessels, Bright's disease
the kidneys. . The victims all regret the cour
they have taken, all promise to be total a
stainers, but it is too late. However it mai
bo in the moral world, there comes a time i!
some self inflicted diseases when the door i;
mercy is closed by the victim, and closed fo
ever. In bad cases, and every one may h;
come bad, the intellect is beclouded, nervotl
affections intervene and the patient is best
vlized. Now, it is not the drugs in the liquc
that produce these results. He is dcludei
THE FRIEND.
143
0 thinks that if he can get pure liquors he
drink them without danger of harm,
ohol itself is the drug. Pure liquors, if
ainabie, do all the evils I have mentioned.
£6 out the alcohol, and all tlte drugs left in
■quors would do no harm. Now, in con-
3ion, I submit that if anything which has,
seems to have many good qualities, be un-
essar3', if people are better otf without it,
t be unsafe and dangerous and hurtful, is
ot better to let it wholly aloue ?
For "The Friend."
John Croker.
(ContiDiied from page 133.)
After being three nights and two days it
s open boat, through the good hand of Pro
ence, we arrived at the wilderness part o
^fouiidland, (where were no inhabitants,)
ig almost wearied out ; but before we went
shore we cast our hook and line, and it
)ved 10 be on the right side of the boat,
we sooncaughtsome famous codfish, which
carried ashore, and making a fire dressed
ra, and there we satisfied our hunger. We
n made a great fire on the beach, and laid
pselves down to rest; for my part, I think
■nay say, I never slept more sweetly in a
', than I did on those stones, notwithstand-
the impression of them remained in my
3 for some time afterwards. I cannot for-
t to bless God for this deliverance, and to
mire his wonderful providence, who had pre-
■ved us, and given me strength and health
undergo such hardships, — who, when with
(r parents, had been brought up in fuli and
)niy of all things needful.
" O! Lord, keep me in the remembrance of
Bse things, that I may ever trust in thee.'
lis, I believe, was a day of tender love to
•f soul, whereby 1 was to be humbled and
ought to a sense of m}' former misspent
Qe ; that I might no more seek my own
lys, but give up in obedience to the lead-
js of God's Holy Spirit, which loads out ot
3 broad way into the narrow way of life
d peace; and this sweetens afflictions, and
ids to glorify the name of the Lord, who is
)rthy for ever.
"In the morning we got into our boat
ain, and committed ourselves for direction
George Stidson, who was mate of our for-
(r ship, and had formerly been in these parts,
d knew mostof the places of fishing in New-
indland. About the middle of the day, we
ne to the entrance of a small fishing place,
ihink called Eenuse. It being war time.
) inhabitants, (who were but few,) were
jatly surprised by reason of our number,
,ring we were como to rob them; and with
lat men and arms they had, they appeared
ry furiously against us, to oppose our land-
;; so wo were afraid they would, without
Tcy, have fired on us and taken away our
es, before they knew what wo were. At
igth, with signs and loud words, to let them
ow what we were, we stopped their inten-
n ; and they sent a single man to us in a
lall boat, who finding we were all English,
d had no arms, but were poor, ragged, and
itressed men, invited us kindly ashore, by
3 name of brothers! This I looked on as
resh deliverance from the point of death;
• if they had fired on us, no doubt but some
ns had been killed. When we came on
ore, they treated us with a good fire, spruce
Br, and boiled fish ; this was grateful to our
ngry stomachs and weary bodies, and the
best return we had to make them for the
favors we received, was our thankful acknow-
ledgments, and to give them an account of
what we had met with; which so far opened
their hearts, that they desired our stay awhile
with them.
" We stayed with them two or three days,
and then with return of thanks took our leave
of them, and went into our boat again, intend-
ing to keep along near shore, until we came
to some place whore we might meet with ship-
ping. 8o, like wayfaring men, we called at a
place or two, and tarried a night, when the
people hearing of us before we came, enter-
tained us cheerfully, for which we were thank
ful. At length we came to a cove, called
Todes Cove, where they had not heard of us
before, and our coming surprised them, that
they repaired to their arms; but they became
soon sensible what we were, and let us come
on shore. There was but one dwelling at that
place, the master's name, as I remember, was
Dier; he had many servants, and cured much
fish : he entertained us with much civility,
and we staj'ed and helped him about his
fish several days. Here our mate (the chief
amongst us) fell dangerously ill, which proved
an exercise to us all, and to me in particular,
for I had a kindness for him, he being always
civil to me, both before we were taken by the
French, and after, during the time we were
together. We took the best care of him we
could, and wrapping him very warm laid him
on a hand barrow, and carried him to the
boat; and taking leave of our noble landlord,
we made what haste we could to the Bay of
Bulls, where he had an aunt, to whose care we
left him, and hastened to a place called St.
Johns, (where we understood lay a fleet of
ships,) hoping to meet with a passage for
England: but when we came there, wo found
thej' wore bound to Cadiz and Bilboa.
'■ Now my sorrow began afresh, and as great
as ever, for I, not being a sailor, and but about
seventeen years of age, not any of the ships
would admit me as a passenger, fearing they
should not be paid for mj- passage, and a
sailor they did not look u])on me to be. My
fellow prisoners and companions dispersed
themselves, some in one ship and some in an-
other, and disposing of the boat and materials,
turned all to their own use, leaving me desti-
tute of friends, relations, acquaintances, and
money, in a strange country, — having nothing
wherewith to make friends, unless the Lord
was pleased to raise some up for me. To Him
therefore I made my complaint in secret: and
I was willing to be as contented as 1 could,
taking long walks amongst the inhabitants,
who were generally kind, and gave me at their
houses bread and fish when I looked for it.
When night came, I lodged in an open boat,
or in a hay-loft, such as I could most conve-
niently meet with. I was but thinly clothed,
and dirty for want of change. The cold win-
ter was coming on, which is grievously hard
in those countries: the ships were hastening
away for fear of the frost, and no more were
expected that season. All these circumstan-
ces increased my sorrow, and my near ap-
proach to God in these great straits, — that Ho
would be pleased to spare me and work a way
for my deliverance out of that country ; and
I would serve Him according to the strength
and wisdom, which He might in his love be
pleased to bestow on me. At these times I
brought myself under promises which I desire
at the writing of this, the Lord would please
bring to my remembrance, — that if I have not
performed' them, I may strive with all dili-
gence to the performance of them ; for He is
good and worthy to be served by all who have
received the least of his mercies and favors.
Lord, humble the hearts of the people : — bring
them to see their own outdoings, and what
any of us are without thee, who art the alone
help of thy people; when all men forsake them,
thou hast worked a way for them unthought
of, as thou didst for the least of many thou-
sands.
" Before the fleet sailed, I heard that there
was one vessel that was bound for Bristol,
with train oil and fish, one Barrister being
owner or master. To him I made application,
laying before him ray distressed condition,
which I believe he was not insensible of; but
like one of a hard heart, he would not admit
me a passage in his vessel, unless I paid him
three pounds before I went, which I could not
do, being not worth three farthings. This
made me mourn to see him so hard, and with
a heavy heart I went on shore ; but being
still earnest to try the second time, I entreat-
ed him again for a passage, desiring him to
consider mj' condition, and that he was sen-
sible I had not then wherewith to pay him,
but he should be faithfully paid when I came
to England. All this seemingly made no im-
pression on him ; so that my countenance
began to show the sorrow of my heart, and
tears began to fall from heavy eyes; and I
passed from his presence without any hope.
But in an unexpected manner, the Lord was
pleased to order it thus: — there was a mer-
chant on board with this Barrister, who per-
ceiving the sorrowfulness of my countenance,
came after me with compassion, as one sensi-
ble of my grief, and desired to know my
name, and the place of my birth, which I
readily told him: he then inquired my father's
name and trade, and in what part of the town
of Plymouth he lived, which 1 told him like-
wise. It so struck him, that he said, ' What,
are you his son ? — how came you in this con-
dition ? I am sorry to see you thus; for I
know him,' (meaning my father.) 'Well, I
would not have you trouble yourself, for you
shall go to England, if I pay your passage;
and my wife,' said he, ' is going on the same
vessel, and whatever you want apply to her,
and she shall assist you.' "
(To be continued.)
Whoever sincerely endeavors to do all the
good he can will probably do much more than
he imagines, or will ever know to the day of
judgment, when the secrets of all hearts shall
be made manifest.
THE FRIEND.
TWELFrH MONTH 14,
In reading the Journals of our Friends of
former years, frequent reference is made to
the long tedious journeys they made through
wilderness countries to visit the scattered
churches, or to proclaim the glad tidings of
salvation to those who were as sheep without
a shepherd. These journeys were often per-
formed on horseback, and the travellers were
subjected to much hardship and exposure from
stormy weather, poor accommodations and
hard fare. William Edmundson mentions that
he was overtaken in the woods, in the South-
144
THE FRIEND.
cm States of America, by a heavy rain storm,
and spent the night walking to and fro between
two trees, till the break of day enabled the
party tojourney forwards. Such experiences
could not have been very rare to those who
were similarly engaged in such services, as
they often 8])eak of passing a night in the
wilderness without shelter.
These hardships were no doubt willingly
endured in the effort to serve their gracious
Lord, by doing the work which He pointed
out to them ; and we do not doubt that there
are many at this day who would not dare to
withhold obedience to the Divine requirings,
even if they should lead them to labors in-
volving equal trials. For it is one of the
blessed characteristics of the Lord's service,
that to those who are called to labor in His
cause, and are obedient thereto. He not only
gives the requisite strength, but also "the
will to serve." But the length of time which
was then required to visit a distant country,
or a remote part of a State or province, is in
striking contrast with what is needed in these
days of rapid transit ; when crossing the ocean
may be accomplished in ten days instead of
three months, and the railroad enables the
traveller to reach in a day's time points which
were formerly weeks apart.
One result of these increased facilities of
comraunieation, is the ability which it gives
to ministering Friends to come into contact
with many more individuals, communities
and congregations than was possible for them
to do even one hundred years ago. While
we believe a corresponding responsibility rests
upon the church for this increased possibility
of exerting an influence for good; yet we
by no means consider the time as altogether
■wasted which was spent in the lonely rides of
our worthy forefathers in the Truth through
the forests and wilderness. The}' were doubt-
less seasons of waiting on the Lord for the re-
newal of strength, and for a fresh baptism of his
Holy Spirit, to fit them for faithfullj' perform-
ing their allotted portion of labor. Thus pre-
pared and anointed, they were often enabled,
on reaching the settlements they were led to
visit, to proclaim the Lord's cause with a de-
gree of power, wisdom and authority, which
produced remarkable fruits in the awakening
of the careless, convincing the erring, and
loading their hearers to the Spirit of Christ
in their hearts, as their guide and helper in
the path that leads to eternal blessedness. It
is the renewed anointing received from the
Lord, which only enables His ministers in any
age of the world to minister grace to their
hearers, and to be truly helpful to them in
promoting their salvation.
An instance occurs to us where a Friend
under religious concern entered a railroad car
at Philadelphia, late in the evening, prepared
himself for a night's rest in the comfortable
accommodations provided, crossed the terri-
tory of two intervening States, and awoke
in the morning of the following day at a cit}'
in the interior of a fourth Slate, where ar-
rangements for religious meetings were made,
and which weie held during the course of the
day. But while the hardships of travel have
thus been greatly lessened the same necessity
exists as ever before for the patient dwelling
under religious exercise, the waiting for the
clear pointing to the work lo be accomplished,
ihestrippingofselfconfidence, and the earnest
wrestling with the Lord that His power and
blessing may attend the labor.
SUMM.\R\' OF EVENTS.
United States. — The Mayor of this city has
ceiveil an appeal, soliciting contributions on behalf of
the sntl'erer.s by the failure of the City of Glasgow Bank,
(Scotland). It states that at a meeting held at Glasgow
last month, it was resolved to raise £300,000 for this
purpose, but it was found this sum would fall far short
of the necessities of the case. According to the investi-
gator's report there was a deficiency of £5,190,883.
The relief fund projected, which is now receiving con-
tributions from all parts of the United Kingdom, and
which it is hoped Americans will assist in swelling, is
not for the purpose of assisting shareholders to pay calls
made, but to relieve those deprived of their means by
reason of such calls.
iption of coal mining in the Schuylkill region
d on the 9th Inst., to fill the quota of 286,2-50
tons, that region's proportion of the additional allotment
of 1,000,000 tons for the present season. The prospect
is said to be unfavorable to a renewal of the coal com-
bination in 1879.
Vermont is said to stand at the head of the New Eng-
land States in the relative proportion of her agricul-
tural population. Over fifty per cent, of all who are
engaged in occupations, are engaged in agriculture,
while the percentage thus engaged in Maine is less than
forty, in New Hampshire thirty-eight, in Massachusetts
less than thirteen, in Connecticut about twenty-two, and
in Rhode Island about thirteen per cent.
The Pacific flour, grain and feed mills, with the
stores, grain elevator and drier attached, on Columbia
street, in Brooklyn, N. Y., have been totally destroyed
by fire. The loss is estimated at about $175,000.
A prairie fire near Crook City, Dakota, has destroyed
a number of ranches, and all the hay cut and stacked
for the military post at Bear Butte. The military
quarters and Sturgis City narrowly escaped.
Fifty buildings in the business portion of Macon,
Miss., were destroyed by fire on the 7th inst. The loss
is estimated at $200,000. The public school building
at Albion, Iowa, was burned on the 6th inst.
Encouraging reports are received of the revival of
trade at New Orleans since the disappearance of tlie
yellow fever. The wharves and depots are thronged
with merchandise, and the number of sea going vessels
stated to be larger than has previously been known.
The Constitutional Convention of California have
adopted a memorial to the President and Congress pro-
testing against the proposed Franco-American Com-
mercial Treaty as prejudical to the interests of that
State.
The fir.st steamship of the Blue Star line, " The De-
vonshire," sailed from this port on the 7th inst Her
cargo consists of 1600 quarters of beef, 150 hogs, besides
grain, cotton, and provisions generally.
There were 295 deaths in this city during the past
week.
Markets, it-c— Gold lOOJ. U. S. sixes, 1881, regis-
tered, 106J, coupons, 109| ; 5-20 coupons, 1865, lOoJ ;
do. 1867, 1061; jo. 1868, 109|; new .5's, 106| ; new 4i
per cents, 104| ; new 4 per cents lOOJ.
Cotton. — The demand continues limited. Sales at
91 a 91 cts. per pound for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 7| cts. in bbls., and standard
white 8| cts. for export, and llj a 12J cts. per gallon
for home u.se.
Flour. — Penna. and Minnesota extra family, $4.75 a
$5; Ohio and Indiana, $5 a $5.25; Patent, $7.75 a $8.
Rye fiour, *2.75 a J3.00. Corn meal, $2.60. Bran,
$15 a $15.50 per ton.
Grain.— Red wheat, $1 a $1.05; amber, $1.05a$1.06;
white, $1.07 a Sl.OS. Eye, 56 a 58 cts. Corn, 45 a 48
cts. Oats, mixed, 28 a 29 cts., and white, 30 a 33 cts.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts. per 100
pounds; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. Straw, 70 a 80 cts. per
100 pounds.
Seeds — Clover, 5i a 6J cts. per lb. Flaxseed, $1.35
a $1,373.
Beef cattle sold at 5 a 5| cts. for extra Penna. and
western steers ; 4j a 4| cts. for fair to good, and 3 a 4
cts. per pound gross for common. Sheep, 3i a 5 cts.
per pound, as to condition. Hogs, 3J a ^ cts. per lb.
as to quality.
Foreign.— Parliament assembled on the 5th inst.
The Queen in her speech says: "The hostility towards
my Indian Government manifested by the .'imeor (if
Afghanistan, and the manner in which he repulsed my
friendly mission, left me no alternative but to makV
peremptory demands for redress. This demand haviiiy
been disregarded, I have directed an expedition to be
sent into his territory, and have taken the earliest op-
portunity of calling 3'ou together, and making to you
the communication required by law." In the debate a
few members in each house condemned the counsel
the Government in the prosecution of the war. j
A despatch from Lahore on the 5lh states, tha
battle was fought on the 2nd between General Robe
division and the Afghans, in which the latter were
tirely defeated with heavy loss. It is stated, then
no considerable force between him and Cabul.
The Caledonia Bank, Scotland, has concluded to
into liquidation in consequence of its holding some
the stock of the City of Glasgow Bank. The West
England and South Wales District Bank has also si
pended. This bank had forty-two branches. Its liabi
ties are $17,500,000. The share-holders number f
thousand, and their liability is unlimited.
There were landed at Birkenhead on the 4th inst.
large consignment of American cattle and sheep in
satisfactory condition as to seem to settle the questi
whether the transatlantic trade in live stock can be ci
ried on safely during winter.
The emperor and empress returned to Berlin on ti
5th, and were warmly welcomed by the people. T
emperor resumed the government.
The Russians have notified the foreign consuls tli
they are about to evacuate Kustendji. The Porte h
announced its readiness to discuss a defensive treaty
peace with Russia, whose attitude appears to be co
ciliatory.
RECEIPTS.
Received from Joseph Armfield, Agent, Englao
£2, 10s., 5 copies, vol. 52, and for Joshua Ashb
Samuel Alexander, John E. Baker, Henry Bell, W
iam L. Bellows, Samuel Bradbiirn, James Boon
John Bottomlev, Samuel Bottomley, Robert Clar
Jane Palmer Crisp, Charles Elcock, T. W. Gilbe
Edward Gill, James Gill, Sarah Gibbin.s, Abraha
Green, Forster Green, William Graham, Siis:m
Grubb, Mary Halden, Mark P. Handforth, James Ho
son, Samuel Hope, John Horniman, Henry Horsn
Joshua Jacob, William Knowles, Benjamin Le Ta
William James Le Tall, Manchester Institute, Samu
Moorhouse, William R. Nash, Daniel Pickard, vSarau
Pickard, George Pitt, Clement Porter, Rachel Rick ma
George Smithson, Major Stout, Ann Swithenbank, Jol
Syke.s, Elizabeth Thwaite, Edward Watkins, Lu. "
Walker, William Wilson, and William Wright,' 1(
each, vol. 52, for Henry Cloak and Ellen Watkins, i
each, vols. 51 and 52, and for John Wood, 16s., to N
52, vol. 52.
WANTED
A well qualified teacher for Friends' Select Scho
for Girls, in this city. To enter upon duty early 1
practicable. Apply to I
Thomas Lippincott, 920 Franklin St. |
John W. Biddle, 726 Buttonwood St.
Annie Rhoads, 224 North Twelfth St.
Rebecca W. Kite, 459 North Fifth St.
Philada. 12th mo. 1878.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent — JohnC. Hall, M.l
Applications for the Admission of Patients m.iy 1
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Died, on the 7th of Uth month, 1878, Elizabeth J.
widow of the late Carleton P. Stokes, in the 65th
of her age, a consistent member of Woodburj' Monthl
Meeting of Friends, N. J. Though called from worl
to rewards as in a moment, in the twinkling of an eyi
yet her relatives and friends are comforted in beli
she was concerned to obey the Divine injunction, " I
ye also ready, for in such an hour as ye "think not, tl
Son of man cometh."
, near Lawrence, Kansiis, on 12th of 11th montl
1878, Margaret, wife of Richard A. Cox, a belove
minister of Lawrence Monthly Meeting, in her 04t
year. The gift of this dear Friend was exercised wit
much earnestness and love, yet with becoming modest;
There are many witnesses that she w,as enabled to mali
full proof of her ministry to the edification of th
( liiiicli. Her solid religious character adorned th
.III, I line which she preached. Her meek and lovin
-\'\\ ii ,111(1 evident care to seek the Lord's guidance an
l)lcs>iiie, iciulered her example instructive and hclpfi
to many.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street. ,
THE FRIEND.
. A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, TWELFTH MONTH 21, 1878.
NO. 19.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice, if piid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Sabacriptioa? and Payments Mceived by
JOHN S. STOKES,
i.T SO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
Friends held as fiiptivcs in Foreig
A. D. lM-1702.
Ch.' Friend.'
lands,
Having had occasion recently to consult
le early records of Haverfbrd Monthly Meot-
ig of Women Friends, my attention was ar
ssted by a minute, bearing date the "20th
[■j-e 9th mo. 1691" — in these words:
"Delivered towards the Relief of Friends,
aptives at Makqueiios, under the Brnperor
r Morocko, from our Monthly Meeting of
[averford, £2. 09s. Oid."
That those women Friends, so soon after
aeir arrival on a foreign shore, amid all the
rivalions incident to a new settlement, an J
rith the claims of their immediate friends
nd neighbors pressing upon thorn, should so
indly remember and even, "out of their
enury," contribute to the relief of pri-souers
0 di-*tant from them, was to the writer a re-
larkable, ho had almost said an affecting
ircumstance.
A desire to know something more of the
ubjects of this extraordinary charity led to
Dquiries, the results of which are given be-
DW, and which, should they prove as inter-
sting and instructive to others as they have
o hi m, may not be out of place i a the columns
,f "The Friend."
The Barbary States, viz: Morocco, Algiers,
funis, Tripoli and Barea, though at one time
|he seat of learning and the aits, were, for
tiany centuries later, the abode of unprin-
[ipled barbarians, who by piracy and pillage
)ecame the destroyers of commerce and the
error of navigators. Their captives, whether
aken in war, or from ships engaged in the
)eacefal pursuits of commerce, were speedily
lold into slavery- of the most cruel and de-
rading character. So early as the fifteenth
;entnry, it is said, *they numbered their
;]hristian slaves by thousands, and in the
y^ears 1509, '35 and '41, many hundreds of
heir fellow countrj^men were liberated by
■nen of war sent out by the British govern-
nent for that purpose.
By these formidable expeditions of Great
■itain, not only were the slaves liberated,
but treaties were made, in which the people
of Barbary pledged themselves to refrain from
3uch treatment of captives, for the future.
With an insincerity which, centuries before,
had made "Punic faith" asynonymeof treach-
* " White Slavery in the Barbary States," by Charlc
Sumner. Boston, 1853.
y, no sooner were the fleets gone and danger
from them passed, than the same illicit traffic
was resumed and the same sj-stem of cruelty
enacted. So grievous to the English people had
these outrages become, that Oliver Crom.well,
on assuming the Protectorate, dispatched a
fleet of thirty ships, under Admiral Blake,
who in his turn liberated all the English, and
some Dutch captives, the first of whom were
numerous.
But none of these measures were perma-
nently eft'ective. Emboldened by success,
and encouraged by their skill as navigators,
they penetrated distant seas and brought their
captives, it is said, in some few instances even
from the English Channel itself.
Towards the close of the seventeenth cen-
tury, though fewer in numbers and less skil
fully organized, these pir.ttes still spread
terror over the sea, and did much towards
nereasing the perils of that current of travel
vhich was now setting so strongly in the di-
rection of the new world
new w
Among other British subjects, who at this
time were captured by these pirates, were
several members of the religious Society of
Prienis, who either in their religious services
in their secular pursuits were compelled to
visit distant ports, and thus easily became
their prey.-j- There is indeed, little or no posi-
tive evidence that, of those taken prisoners
by the Turks, any of the Friends were en-
gaged in other than their ordinary business.
They are never referred to as Friends travel-
n the ministr}^, in the epistles hereafter
quoted, and this inference appears confirmed
by the statement in the epistle of 1682, that
<• one of the prisoners at Algiers has a public
testimony among them." But they were
earnest, devout, consistent Friends, and their
sad condition deeply affected their fellow
members, who seem to have left nothing un-
done that could bo done to effect their release.
It is true that William Ames, in Poland,
George Bailey, in France, Catharine Evans
and Sarah Cheevers, in Malta, underwent a
long and sore captivity, but these were not
taken prisoners at sea, and are not, at the lime
quoted, included in the concern of the Yearly
Meeting.
Again, in the year 16t5G, a vessel loaded
with banished Friends, among whom were
not a few in the ministry, was captured by a
Dutch privateer. But they soon after were
set at liberty in Holland and never became
enslaved.
Among those who were taken captive by
corsairs, and whose history has become well
known to the Society, was Thomas Lurting,
then mate of a ship whose master was also
* John Kichardson, a minister among Friends, relate:
in his Joarnal A. n. 1702, that when within a few
leagues of Barbadoes, their vessel was chased by
Turkish frigate, from which they escaped with great
difficulty.
t In the early days of the Society quite a large num-
ber of Friends were engaged in maritime pursuits.
a Friend, and who having been captured by
the Algerinea, so triumphed over their cap-
tors that without, on their part, shedding
blood, they recaptured the vessel, and, with
a magnanimity unprecedented, landed the
Turks (as they were called) on their own
shores, and then, with continued safety, sailed
away to their own homes.*
Sewell in his " History of the People called
Quakers," states that several years after this
occurrence, " Geoi'ge Fox wrote a book to the
grand Sultan, and the King at Algiers, where-
n he laid before them their indecent behavior
and unreasonable dealings, showingthem from
their Alcoran, that Mahomet had given them
other directions. To this he added a suc-
cinct narrative of what hath been related
here (of Thomas Lurting) * * and how
the Turks were set at liberty without being
made slaves ; by which the Mahometans might
see what kind of Christians the (Jiakers were,
viz., such as showed effectually that they
loved their enemies, accorJing to the doctrine
of their supreme lawgiver, Christ."
In the Epistle of the Yearly Meeting begun
and held in London, the 5th of 4th mo. 1682,
(the fifth epistle issued), appears the foUow-
" Finally, dear friends, we have great cause
to magnify the name of the Lord our God
for this blessed opportunity, * * * being
greatly comforted and refreshed in the many
^ood accounts and lively testimonies given by
Friends * * * as also of a new meeting even
among the captives in Algiers, where one
Friend has a public testimony among them."
Aj^ain in that of 1683. — "Hero were some
tender Friends from Dantzick, Frizeland,
Holland, Norway, Scotland, and some from
America. And we understand that Friends
keep up their meetings in Algiers and Tur-
key."
1684. " An account being given by a meet-
ing here ordered to inspect the accounts of
Fnends that are captives at Algiers, &c., in-
timating that what was charitably contri-
buted formerly towards their redemption and
left for that service, is in a great measure ex-
pended for the redemption of many, and the
rest thereof is well nigh engaged for the re-
demption of several Friends more, that have
remained captives ; some whereof have indeed
been under extreme hardships, as violent beat-
ing and other cruelties by their patroones.
These things tenderly considered, a collection
for their redemption was proposed, and un-
animously agreed upon by this meeting, that
the same should be and hereby is recommend-
ed to the Quarterly Meetings of Friends in
their respective counties throughout England
and Wales, and that the same be and hereby
is recommended to Friends in Ireland, Scot-
land and Jamaica, to afford their Christian
and friendly assistance in contributing to the
same service."
* Sewell's History, Am. edition, vol. 2, pp. 60-66.
uc,
THE FRIEND.
1G86. "And whereas divers Friends and
brethren do now, through the good hand of
God, enjoy their liberty and more freedom
than formerly, wo hope the Lord will open
thoir hearts to extend their charitable help
and assistance lo their fellow members in
Christ Jesus, who still remain in suffering for
the testimony of a good and upright coosci
once ^towards God. * * * And as concern
ing Friends that were captives at Algiers, we
let you know they are all redeemed except
one whom wo hope will shortly be here also,
But several Friends are now captives in
Sally;* for whose redemption Friends are
also taking care, and hope in time to effect it
1G87. But as concerning the Friends who
are captives at Mequinez.f (taken by the Sally
men), although a great concern and care hath
been and is upon Friends here about them,
and great endeavors used for their r^'demp-
lion, yet no way is found at present for the
accomplishment thereof; only Friends here
have found means to convey some relief to
them in their necessities. The number of
the captive Friends in Mequinez is now ton,
that is to say, Joseph Wasey, John Bealingi
and Joseph Harbin, who being taken and
carried captives thither, found two English!
ing the house of the heart for the lost piece
of silver, and to digging deep, in order that
we may become thoroughly grounded in the
Christian faith ; that from thence may pro-
ceed the fruits of this transforming power
from on high,— the consistent living practice
— the true-hearted obedience; and not the
mere say so of "Lord, Lord," without doing
His will, which, obeyed, is our sanctification'
Because if the tree be good, the fruit will be
good. If we be engrafted into Christ the
Living Vine, we must bring forth the practi
eal fruits of righteousness and true holiness
to His praise and glory.
The dear Saviour is not an hard master;
but one of whom it is declared, that He will
not break the bruised reed, and whose rod
nd whose staff comfort the soul. But havino-
revealed himself to us as a teacher in the
heart, and as a guide into all truth,— having
given knowledge, He does require obedience ;
of whom it is written, that he "became the
uthor of eternal salvation unto all them tint
obey him." To such as these. His obedient
followers and children, He maketh his peace
to flow as a river, and his righteousness as
the waves of the sea. Then while the living
acrifico of practical obedience to the la '^
school for young men, where Christianity
taught, and it is said he is now pi'eparinc
print a Chinese Commentary on the Gosj
■John, with Japanese connectives, to rend
It more readable to Japanese scholars !-
Society Record.
John Crokfr.
(Continued from page 143.)
"This sudden alteration brought renew(
captives there who were convinced of tVuth I written on the heart, cost what it may of sac
m their captivity before the said Friends rifice, of service, or of sufferincr, must be kent
came thither. And five more English cap- '" ^-^ ,..•<=-.,.__ ..," . „ . !
fives are convinced since; and they live in
great love and unity one with another. The
said two Friends have wrote over to Friends
hero, a large, tender and sensible letter, tesli
fying their fellowship and unity with Friends,
and acknowledging their love and charity to
them in their bonds and necessities. Wo un-
derstand that the people they suffer under
are more barbarous than the Turks in Algiers
From whose great oppression and cruel handL
we pray God in mercy deliver them, if it be
His blessed will."
For "The Friend,"
Thoughts and Feelings.
PRACTICAL OBEDIENCE.
True religion consists not only in know-
ledge but practice. Not only in hearino- and
knowing the words and will of Christ, but in
heeding and doing them. Thus those who
built upon the Eock formerly, were such as
heard the words of our Divine Lawgiver and
did them. And what is a profession of re-
ligion unconnected with obedience to its Au-
thor ? What an acknowledgment of Christ
by the lips, without the underlying consistent
godly practice? Unless the life and conver
sation become renewed through the power of
an endless life, our profession of the truths of
the Gospel will avail but little more in the
great work of regeneration unto newness of
life, than things comparable to sounding brass
or a tinkling cymbal. It is written for our
admonition, that king Saul because of his dis-
obedience and rebellion finally perished on
Mount Gilboa— the barren mountains of an
empty profession— where there was neither
dew nor rain nor fields of offerinn-.
It i.s declared that the kingdotn of God is
within man, and standeth not in word but in
power. This points to introversion, to sweep-
* Sallee was a seaport town on the west coast of
MoroL'co.
t Mequinez is a city of Morocco, seventy miles from
bailee, .-ind two liundred and thirty-five from Morocco
Population 100,000.
to — for, as testified by one of the early Friends
" He who comes into the new covenant must
come into the obedience of it — we at the same
time have a EL-deemer that is strong, a most
compassionate and loving High Priest, being
cniinently touched with the fbeling of all ou"
infirmities. Tempted in all points as we are,
yet without sin." He is, with paternal cm'
niscience, all-suflficiont to administer the oil
and the wine, with Samaritan discrimination
and tenderness, into our wounds and bruises;
to help over the bleak exposures, the hard
places, the wave after wave of close besotting
crosses and temptations, which so prevail and
assail in this pilgrimage journey of ofttimes
sore conflict and sorrow unto the harbor of
rest. Then after resigning all to His disposal
and government who gave himself for us, may
we say in the language of conduct, in the
obedience which is of faith, and in the sim-
plicity of little children, what Thou wilt,
when Thou wilt, and how Thou wilt ; for the
kingdom, and the power, and the glory, are
all and forever Thine.
JiYjjan. — Several copies of tho Japanese
Scriptures, and other Christian books, were
someume since given to tho officer of the
prison at Otsu. He passed them over to one of
of tho prisoners, a scholar, whose crime was
that of manslaughter. About six months ago
a fire took place in the prison, when the en-
tire body of prisoners, numbering nearlj^ 100,
instead of improving the opportunity to make
their escape, assisted in putting out the flames,
and remained to a man to be again imprison-
ed. Such a remarkablo circumstance occa-
sioned inquiry as to the cause, when it ap-
peared that the scholar among them had been
so impressed and convinced of tho truth of
Christianity, that he had taught it to his fel-
low-prisoners; and Christian "principles, com-
bined with his personal influence, had such
power over them as to restrain them from
fleeing when the doors of their prison were
opened. The scholar was consequently par-
doned, but ho remained in Otsu to still teach
prisoners. He has opened a Chinese' high renown fo
thankfulness upon my heart to God, the i
thor of all these favors and deliverances, th.
in such an unthought of way, when my
pectations were laid aside. He should raise d
a friend to make way for my returning
England. I have cause to remember thei
things; although I had another sharp seasc!
to pass through, before I sot my feet on m!
native land, which was then hid from me, bi
was after the following manner. After thi
my great friend (whose name was Strong, !
brother to one of the same name, a school
master in Plymouth,) had made way for m('
by promising payment for my passage, and
was got on board the ship; the master bein,'
a wicked base fellow, after wo were out a:
sea, would not let me have a cabin, but I wa
forced to lie between two hogsheads of traif
oil._ This was hard lodging, — yet necessity
obliged me to bo as contented as I could ; ano
I can truly say my lot was often made sweo
to me; for the thoughts and meditations o
my heart were very often upon the law of m]
God, and I had comfort, and delighted mysel
therein. Yet having nothing but my wearing
clothes day or night to keep me warm, whicl
had not been washed or changed for twc
months, I need not i-elate how it was with me
But not to leave the reader without some
charity towards tho master, I may let him
know that he afterwards dealt with mo some-
vvhat more favorably; for having lodged some
nights in this condition, he gave me an old
sail to lay under me, or partly over me as I
pleased, for which I was thankful to God,
being a favor I wanted, and also thankful to
tho master for showing some good nature.
" Tho sense of what I had met with, and
the goodness of God which I had experienced
th it, with the consideration of my former
transgressions, drew me into tenderness of
heart and brokenness of spirit, so that my
very head and hair would be wet with tears ;
and the Lord was often near me in his good-
ness. Oh ! that I may never forget that day !
but that it may bo imprinted upon my mind,
and engraven on my heart, as with the point
of a diamond, that I may always have it in
my view; that when I may meet with afllic-
tions in my older years, I may look back to
the days of my j'outh, like Job, — who desired
it might bo with him as in the days of his
youth, when tho secret of God was upon his
tabernacle, and in whoso light he walked
through darkness ; which dark ways the Lord
hath in some measure now given mo to see,
by the lifting up tho light of his countenance
upon me. I am not able to express the seasons
I had upon the mighty waters during that
great aftjiction, which makes me say, it was
good for me that I was afliictod, or else I had
gone astray ; for now I know of thyjudgment,
O Lord, and I can praise .thee for thy mani-
fold mercies, which are lengthened out bc3^ond
my deserts; and what shall I render to thee,
O Lord, for them all, but holy praises and
THE FRIEND.
147
"After about ten or twelve days sail, havingjl now, indeed, longed to be, having called to
d pretty good weather and wind most of
! time, we unexpectedly in the night, fell
with the Land's End of Cornwall, on the
irth side of it: the wind increasing blew us
very near shore, which put the seamen in
right, believing they should all be drowned,
d the vessel wrecked ; for the wind rent our
ainsail in pieces, which occasioned a great
tcry and trouble to get another to the yard,
iring this 1 lay still, believing it not tit for
3 to appear amongst them at that time, their
ry being great towards each other. I lay
much retired as I could, with my mind
jely given up to death if the Lord did so
ease; at which time I thought I enjoyed
undance of sweetness in "my heart, and the
ought of death was nothing, the sting being
ken away. 1 heard the master sa}', there
is not a soul likely to be saved, and that he
d another would get into th?long boat, and
e rest should shift for themselves; this he
id several times. But it pleased Gad, who
mmandeth both wind and sea, and sayeth,
thus far and no farther shalt thou come,"
at the wind began to turn easterly ; so that
ith some nicety as well as Providence, (day
)ming on), we weathered the Land's End.
ow there being some hopes, I was willing
see what danger we had been in, therefore
got upon the deck and I think, had I thrown
stone, I might have struck the rock ; this 1
Dcounted a great deliverance.
The wind still continuing hii/h, we came
p the South Channel, before Pl3'mouth, my
ativo town, as far as Dartmouth in Devon,
nd we ran in there. The wind being very
trong, before we could come to anchor, our
)reyard arm broke, and we went ahead of
II the ships which were then in that road.
tt length we dropped our anchor, but it did
ot hold, so that we drove until we were
stern of all th'jse ships, that some cried out
g& must go. At last the anchor held, and we
veathered it that night, and the next morn
hg the wind ceased, so that the boats came
b us and helped us in, where we laj' safe, and
eemed to be out of danger of the sea, and of
he privateers which were on it. Thus I wa-
ikely to put my feet again on English ground
ind but about thirty miles from my father's
lOuse. Before this my father had heard of ray
)eing taken, but could not understand where
[ was, and had sent several letters to France,
md supplies were ordered for me there, but
he could not hear of me; so he concluded
[ was not on the land of the living. This was
3ause of sorrow to my parents to think, if
they had not sent me away, I might have
been living; but however it all worked to-
gether for my good, and I believe God had a
hand in it.
Now being come ashore, and having escaped
from being impressed by reason of my being
but a youth (for most of the men were im-
pressed into the king's service, to help to man
out the fleet which lay then at Plymouth,)
the master took me to one Lane, a merchant,
at Dartmouth, to whom I gave a bill on my
father for my passage. As soon as the mer
chant understood on whom I could draw the
bill, he began to look at me, and compassion
was opened in him towards me ; and he offered
me what money I would have, being sorry to
see me in such a condition, for he said he
knew my father well. So I took some money
mind my father's house, like a prodigal
now returning thither. Therefore after I had
bought a few things to shift me. which I soon
did to my great refreshment, I, in companj-
with the seamen that were impressed, set out
and went for Plymouth, and une.icpectedly
came to my father's door ; where I found my
mother first, to whom there was not a quick
discovery ; but after some discourse, I made
myself known to her, who with open arms re-
ceived me, being as one that had been dead,
and was now alive again, and hoping this trial
would work for my future good. This I am sen-
sible it did; for it so humbled mo, that I was
often thinking on what 1 had met with, and
how the Lord hud preserved me, which made
me very humble and low in my mind, taking
heed to the commands of my parents; and I
feared to rebel against them, and minded
what company I kept, being now willing to
bo as good as I could.
1 spent some time in reading alone, and
frequented meetings both abroad and at home,
sometimes going ten miles to a meeting, and
home again at night, on foot, with much satis-
faction."
(To becontiDued.)
Fort'st Geography and Arclia;ology
BY AS.\ GRAY.
(CoDtinued from page 138.)
Forests being my subject, I must not tarry
on the woodless plain— on an average 500
miles wide — which lies between what forest
there is in the Rocky Mountains and the
western border of our eastern wooded region.
Why this great sloping plain should be wood-
legg — except where some cotton-woods and
their like mark the course of the traversing
rivers — is, on the whole evident enough.
Great interior plains in temperate latitudes
are always woodless, even when notverj^ arid.
This of ours is not arid to the degree that the
corresponding regions west of the Rocky
Mountains arc. The moisture from the Pacific
which those would otherwise share, is — as we
have seen — arrested on or near the western
border, by the coast-ranges and again by the
Sierra Nevada ; and so the interior (except for
the mountains), is all but desert.
On the eastern side of the continent, the
moisture supplied b}' the Atlantic and the Gulf
chart indicating twenty-four inches of annual
rain is not far from the line of the western
mit of trees, except far north, beyond the
Great Lakes, where, in the coolness of high
latitudes, as in the coolness of mountains, a
less amount of rain-fall suffices for forest
owth.
Wo see, then, why our great plains grow
bare as we proceed from the Mississippi west-
ward ; though we wonder why this should
take place so soon and so abruptly as it does,
"ut, as already stated, the general course of
the wind-bearing rains from the Gulf and be-
yond is such as to water well the Mississippi
valley and all eastward, but not the district
west of it.
It does not altogether follow that, because
rain or its equivalent is needed for forest,
therefore wherever there is rain enough, forest
must needs cover the ground. At least there
are some curious exceptions to such a general
rule, — -exceptions both ways. In the Sierra
Nevada wo are confronted with a stately forest
along with a scanty rain-fall, with rain only
in the three winter months. All summer long,
under those lofty trees, if you stir up the soil
you may bo choked with dust. On the other
hand, the prairies of Iowa and Illinois, which
form deep bays or great islands in our own
forest-region, are spread under skies which
drop more rain than probably over foils on
the slopes of the Sierra Nevada, and give it at
all seasons. Under the lesser and brief rains
we have the loftiest trees we know : under the
more copious and well-dispersed rain, we have
prairies, without forest at all.
There is little more to say about the first
part of this paradox; and I have not much to
say about the other. The cause or origin of
our prairie.s — of the un wooded districts this
side of the Mississippi and Missouri— has been
much discussed, and a whole hour would be
needed to give a fair account of the different
views taken upon this knotty question. The
only settled thing about it, is, that the prairies
are not directly owing to a deficiency of rain.
That, the rain charts settle, as Professor Whit-
ney well insists.
The prairies which indent or are enclosed
in our Atlantic forest-region, and the plains
beyond this region, are different things. But,
as the one borders — and in Iowa and Nebraska
passes into — the other, it may be supposed
that common causes have influenced both to-
of Mexico meets no such obstruction. So the igether, perhaps more than Professor Whitney
diminution of rain fall is gradual instead of
abrupt. But this moisture is spread over a
vast surface, and it is naturally bestowed, first
and most on the seaboard district, and least
on the remote interior. From the lower Mis-
sissippi eastward and northward, including
the Ohio River basin, and so to the coast, and
up to Nova Scotia, there is an average of
forty-seven inches of rain in the year. This
diminishes rather steadily westward, espe-
cially northwestward, and the western border
of the ultra Mississippian plain gets less than
twenty inches.
Indeed, from the great prevalence of west-
erly and southerly winds, what precipitation
of moisture there is on our western plains is
not from Atlantic sources, nor much from the
Gulf. The rain-chart plainly shows that the
water raised from the heated Gulf is mainly
carried northward and eastward. It is this
which has given us the Atlantic forest region ;
f him, and some of another man who was and it is the limitation of this which bounds
going with me to Plymouth ; at which place ' that forest at the west. The line on the rain
allov
He thinks that the extreme fineness and
depth of the usual prairie soil will account
for the absence of trees ; and — Lesquereux
equally explains it by the nature of the soil,
in a different way. These, and other excel-
lent observers, scout the idea that immemorial
burnings, in autumn and spring, have had any
effect. Professor Shaler, from his observa-
tions in the border land of Kentucky, thinks
that they have, — that there are indications
there of comparatively recent conversion of
oak-openings into prairie, and now — since the
burnings are over — of the reconversion of
prairie into woodland.
I am disposed, on general considerations, to
think that the line of demarcation between
our woods and our plains is not where it was
drawn by nature. Here, when no physical
barrier is interposed between the ground that
receives rain enough for forest, and that which
receives too little, there must be a debateable
border, whore comparatively slight causes
148
THE FRIEND.
will turn the scale either way. Differenco
soil and difference in exposure will here tell
decisively. And along tins border, annual
burnings — for the purpose of increasing and
improving buffalo feed — practiced forhun-
dreds of years by our nomade predecessors,
may have had a very marked effect. I sus-
pect that the irregular border line may have
in this way been rendered more irregular, and
have been carried farther eastward wherever
nature of soil or circumstances of exposure
predisposed to it.
It does not follow that trees would i-e-occupy
the land when the operation that destroyed
them, or kept them down, ceased. The es-
tablished turf or other occupation of the soil,
and the sweeping winds, might prevent that.
The difficulty of reforesting bleak New Eng-
land coasts, which were originally well wood
ed, is well known. It is equally, but probably
not more difficult to establish forest on an
Iowa prairie, with proper selection of trees.
Selected.
Manchester, 1st mo. 15th, 1791.
My Dear Friend,— There is, I believe, an
obligation to duty above the fear of punish
ment or expectation of reward ; and because
I wish thee the. most perfect slate, I wish thee
this experience: a state wherein all selfish-
ness, both in spiritual and temporal things,
are lost and swallowed up by divine, universal,
disinterested love, as a drop of water in the
ocean. And though I do most assuredly be-
lieve that virtue is its own reward, that a cup
of cold water, given to a disciple in the name
of a disciple, shall not go without a reward ;
yet I have often thought it a subject worthy
the consideration of those who are stewards,
and desire to be faithful, that this is neither
the time nor place of rewards or punishments,
though perhaps the earnest of both is fre-
quently felt. I apprehend that many, even of
the wise in heart, have been ready to stum-
ble here, thinking that their faithfulness and
piety should have engaged the Divine inter-
position to exempt them from the sufferings
of the present life. How much of this ap-
pears in the book of Job, whose trials were as
singular and great, as his conduct had been
upright and approved ; and David tells us
" That his steps had well nigh slipped because
he envied the prosperity of the wicked." When
he saw how they flourished like a green bay-
tree, and contemplated the severe trials that
were permitted or appointed unto hi
was ready to conclude he had washed his
hands in innocency for nought. Nay, time
would fail to recount the sufferings, the trials
and probations that have attended the peou
liar heritage of God in all generations ; thoii
great privilege, it is plain, hath ever been.
Divine support and preservation under trials,
and not exemption from them. How great
and various were the troubles and trials that
attended the good old patriarchs, and how
singular and proving those that were experi-
enced by the man after God's own heart,
whoso son even conspired to take away his
life; but Ho, who is a God keeping covenant
and mercy, vouchsafed His protection and
sure support, and was to him, in all his trou-
bles, a rock and refuge, a sure hiding-place.
Whilst I am writing 1 wish for thee, my dear
friend, beyond all that can be expressed, that
this may be thy happy experience, if trials of
any sort bo permitted to attend thee; for
though I know not how applicable or other-
wise any thing of this sort may be to thy
present state, j'ot this I know, that there is
no combination of outward circumstances
can exempt us from trouble, though we tread
upon the high places of the earth and dip our
feet in oil ; but in the most proving situations,
though some encouragement, instruction and
consolation may be derived from considering
what hath been the lot and what the support
of many elder brethren iti the family, who,
through many tribulations, have entered the
kingdom, yet the most sovereign help and
comfort is obtained by looking unto Jesus,
who was "a man of sorrows and acquainted
with grief;" whose " visage was so marred,
more than any man, and his form more than
the sons of men ;" who being " touched with
the feeling of our infirmities," and having
been tempted, knows how to succor those who
e tempted.
Let us then, my dear friend, in our varied
allotments, lay aside every weight and bur-
den, and "run with patience the race that is
set before us, looking unto Jesus, the author
and finisher of our faith, who for the joy that
was set before Him, endured the cro.ss, de-
spising the shame, and is set down at the right
hand of the throne of God."
I would not make any unnecessarj- addi-
tion, but I am so fully satisfied that it is not
the will of our Father who is in Heaven that
any of His children should be discouraged
under whatever disadvantage, in their own
apprehension, they maybe placed, or what-
ever cup they may have to drink, or baptis
Address to Parents, from the Committee on Ec
iwation of the Yearly Meeting of Friends
Philadelphia.
Dear brothers and sisters, who have chi
ren committed to your keeping, fellow-mo
bers of a Society that has been highly favore
of the Lord, we feel drawn to invite you t
join with us in a consideration of our pr'
leges and responsibilities. The care whici
has been committed to us, by the Yearl;
Meeting, has brought us into more intimat
acquaintance with the advantages which son
have, and the difficulties with which other,
are surrounded, in the education of thei
children ; and we address you in near sympa
th}', and a humbling sense of our own short
comings and failures.
When an immortal being is born into th(
world, there is awakened in every right-mind
od parent a deep sense of responsibility ; anc
the best feelings of even the least thoughtfu
should bo quickened. Happj' are those parents
who close in with this visitation of tendei
feeling, accept the trust with the gift, anc
make covenant with the Lord, that, looking
to him for daily help and guidance, they will'
endeavor to bring up the child he has put in
their charge in his holy fear, and in his nur
ture and admonition ; that it may come to
love to walk with him during the short time'
allotted to man on earth, and so be fitted to
live with him forever in joy unspeakable and
full of glory.
The innocence and feebleness of an infimt
seem naturally to repel the thought of the
to pass through ; but that they should be en- power of evil, and there is so much in the first
couraged to put their trust in Him, to cast I unfoldings of intelligence and affection that is
care upon Him. None who ever did so, jpure and lovely, that parents are tempted to
or ever will be confounded. Oh ! forget that there is any need of watchfulness.
th
ever we
let nothing move us from this foundation and
we shall be safe. Oh I how memorable is that
declaration of David, " The Lord is my shep-
herd I shall not want;" and again, "Thou art
with me, thy rod and thy sta'ff, they comfort
me." Thus in heights and in depths, in sea-
sons of trial and of rejoicing, let our whole
dependence, our humble trust and confidence
be in and upon the sure mercy of God in Christ
Jesus; and then, I am sure. He will sanctify
all His dispensations to thee ; that He will
bless thee indeed ; and that as it hath pleased
Him to appoint thy lot as in " a south land,"
Ho will also continue, as He hath in mercy
hitherto at seasons done, to give thee " springs
of water," yea, the sure water, inexhaustible
springs of consolation that flow from his
presence.
I am thy sincere, affectionate friend,
John Thorp.
What a sweet feeling spreads over the mind
when, through the ever- watchful Shepherd,
we are enabled to maintain a steadfast guard
over our spirit under provocation, and to stifle
the rising disposition to anger and resent-
ment; to suppress even an unkind remark,
and to bear in the meek spirit which the Lord
alone can give, whatever is calculated to irri-
tate, even in the small incidents of life. "He
that rules his own spirit is better than he
that taketh a city." It is only through hum-
ble watchfulness and secret breathing for
preservation from day to day that we gain
the vKior J. — William Evans.
A man is sometimes more generous when
ho has little, than when ho has inueli. '
But if they have kept their covenant withi
their God, he will not be unmindful of them,
and will make them quick of understanding
in his fear, to perceive otherwise unseen dan-
gers. Dear friends, it is our great privilege
to have been brought up in the belief of this
immediate divine guidance in the every-day
walks of life ; and blessed are they who put
their trust in it; for the dealing in heavenly
wisdom with the first appearances of evil in
children, may be of inestimable consequence
to the future life. A knowledge of good and
evil, and of the duty of obedience to parents,
is often evidenced very early, long before
there is any power of expre8>ion in words.
When they are able to talk, while requiring
deference to the presence of older persons, let
us, with ready and hearty sympathy, listen to
their little recitals, guarding them against
exaggeration in statement or in expression of
feeling, or any other approach to untruthful-
ness. Lot us teach them by precept, by ex-
ample, and by shaping their duties in life for
them, that self denial and not self-indulgence,
is the appointed way to happiness. Let us
bo watchful over ourselves, that we do not,
by our injudicious fondness or careless talk-
ing, sow the seeds of vanity, selfishness or in-
sincerity in their susceptible hearts.
Let us treat them with confidence, intrust
them with responsibility suited to their years,
and encourage them by appreciation of their
efforts to do right; and let us not unnecessa-
rily disturb the peaceful flow of what should
be their happy lives, nor vex their spirits with
injudicious requirings, nor in any way pro-
voke them to anger, or betrixy them into dis-
obedience ; for disobedience from any cause,
THE FRIEND.
149
howevorslight or qualified in for
ys receive adequate correction. Permit-
Jisobedience is followed bj' disrespect, and
together eat into the verj- heart of atfLC-
There is a natural, affection of parents
ih fosters selfishness in tlieir children, and
3Ct of filial duty ; and there is a natural
lion of children which is not founded in
3Ct or accompanied by obedience ; and
'.V of them will prove but as a reed which
pierce the parent's hand that leans upon
]d above all, let us seek to walk so closely
our God, that when they come to us
their questions about heavenly things,
aay not have to call our spirits back, as it
), from the ends of the earth, and give a
unsatisfying answer to what may have
a craving tor spiritual bread.
5 no man can see the kingdom of heaven
35 he realizes that change of heart which
blessed Eedeemer describes as being born
le Spirit ; and as man in his natural state
lOt comprehend the things of the Spirit
rod, because they are foolishness unto
it is evident that the very foundation of
rue wisdom and happiness, both in pa-
sand children, must consist in a teachable
aission to the Grace of God that brings
ition, through Him who died that we
ht live; and which inspires new desires,
eiples, and affections in those who receive
I meekness the engrafted word which is
to save the soul. The parents who have
realized a new heart and spirit to bo given
1 are prepared, by a living experience, to
mend their children to tlie word of that
je in their own hearts which convinces
a of sin, causes them to feel their need of
viour, and will lead them to the Lamb of
that taketh away the sin of the world;
such a training in the school of Christ is
to be the true qualification for the solemn
3s of the parental office,
ow many of us have had to feel, to our
) sorrow and condemnation, our inability
elp our children on their heavenly wa}'
rUse of our own unfaithfulness I Dear
nds, it is good for us to feel it deeply ; and
nust dwell under the condemnation till it
gs us back to the Father's house, where
e is bread enough and to spare for us and
children. Our love for them is often a
ns of heavenly discipline to ourselves, in
ng us home from our wanderings, for their
!8.
''hen we come to give an account of our
wardship, we cannot credit ourselves with
ing done our duty in the religious educa
of our children, because we have found
e one to do it for us ; nor will our want o
ifications cancel the charge that will stand
nst us ; nor can wo chum that there has
1 deficiency on our Lord's part; for "If
man lack wisdom, let him ask of God,
( giveth to all men liberally and upbraid-
not, and it shall bo given him." If we
found " watching d:iily at wisdom's gates,'^
children, as well as ourselves, will partake
36 promised blessing ; and we will be quick
hear, and ready to follow, every divine
aipting for their spiritual good. Feelin
own helplessness to do them any good of
selves, we will carry them oftener than the
irnins day, on our hearts, before the throne
should I If earthly mindedness, in its more refined
or more sordid forms, has place in the hearts
of parents, children will be quick to catch the
spirit. And when such parents come to
desire better things for their children than
they have themselves, and endeavor to turn
them from temjitalions or evil wa3'S, they
have but little influence with them, except by
appealing to secondary or unworthy motives.
But when children see that their parents walk
humbly with their Creator, daily asking and
receiving counsel of him, there is a sense
of delegated divine authoritj' accompanying
heir admonitions and injunctions, which is
seldom disregarded.
As education neither begins nor ends with
hool, home influence has a most important
part in it. Much depends on the readiness
d patience with which a child's first quo
tions in the fields of knowledge or of thought
are answered. An encouraging answer will
stimulate thought and investigation ; and an
men for the purpose of kilUnfi one another."
From Biographical Sketches, d-c.
unsympathizing and indifferent answer will
leave the child to choose inferior ways of find
ng pleasure, and so begin to form the bias of
ts life. True christian tenderness and self-
denial cannot be better exercised often, than
n trying to understand the mental diffieultie-
of children who are not naturally quick of ap
prehension. It is in the very early j-ears of
life, generall}-, that the habit is formed of lov
ng to think, or of disliking to think; and no
doubt the scale has often turned in favor of
disliking, on account of some difficulty which
the child might have been helped to master
by a sympathizing parent ; but failing
efforts, it becomes discouraged, grows tired
of repeated endeavors without the pleasure
of success, takes up tho depressing belief that
it cannot think anything out, and goes on
through life under this disability; and thus a
loss of intellectual pleasure, and a turning to
less profitable sources follows, as well as r
failure to fill up the intended measure of use
fulness.
Parents who are in the habit of numberin£
their blessings, and whose hearts, through
the power of Divine Grace, are filled with
thankfulness, will, by the overflowings of its
abundiince, unconsciously diffuse the same
spirit through the familj-. The contagious dis-
position to fault-finding, which often originates
in the anxiety of parents about unimportant
things, spreads from them to their children.
The watch that our Lord enjoins will guard
us from our natural apathy about the great
and eternal things that are not seen, and our
natural impatience about the little, temporal
things that are seen. It will keep us from
disturbing our children needlessly, and give
that weight to all our admonitions in their
early years which will establish a confidence
that we are watching over them in and for
the Lord. This only will be able to with-
stand the shock of those outbreaks of self-will
that sometimes burst forth in maturer youth,
threatening to carry away all good, and which
affection, entreaty, and argument are unable
to deal with effectually.
CTobecontinned.)
TF(ir. — It is recorded of an Indian, who
had once been a great warrior, but had be-
come a man of peace, that being inquired of
to the cause, he laid his hand upon his
Selected.
SWEETLY BENDING TO HIS WILL.
Since thy Father's Arm sustains thee,
Peaceful be ;
AVlien a Chastening Hand restrains thee,
It is He.
Know, this love in full completeness
Fills the measure of thy weakness ;
If He wound thy spirit sore.
Trust Him more.
Without murmur, uncomplaining,
In His hand,
Lay whatever things thou can'st not
Understand ;
Though the world the folly spurneth,
From tliy faith in pity turneth,
Peace thy inmost soul shall fill
Lying still.
Like an infant, if thou thinkest
Thou canst stand.
Childlike, proudly pushing back
The ottered hand,
Courage soon is changed to fear,
Strength does feebleness appear;
In His love if thou abide
He will guide.
Fearest sometimes that thv Father
Hath forgot ?
When the clo\ids around thee gather
Doubt Him not.
Always hath the daylight broken,
Always hath He comfort spoken,
Better hath He been for years,
Than thy fears.
Therefore
fhatsoe'er betideth.
Night or day.
Know His love for thee provideth
Good alway.
Crown of sorrow gladly take.
Grateful wear it for His sake,
Sweetly bending to His will,
Lying still.
Pm
Grace, committing them to tho Lord's breast, and looking upward with a reverent
pino-, and desiring to bo made helpful to | expression, said, " i'he Great Being has made
m under his hand.
it known to my heart, that he did not mak^
Retrenching.
The great majority of the people of this
land have felt often, during the last few years,
the duty, if not the stern necessity of retrench-
ment in ordinary expenses. Many have been
compelled to do this. But where does this
reti'enchmcnt, even with professed disciples
of Christ, too often, begin and end?
Now we are obliged to say, as tho result of
some considerable observation upon this point
that this retrenching begins and ends, fre-
quently, even with professing Christians, with
their account on benevolence. Or, as another
has well stated it : " It is a singular commen-
tary on our average Christianity that our
economy begins, not in the larger fractions
of our income which are devoted to our living,
daily work and comfort, but, first of all, in
the smaller fractions which we have devoted
to tho Lord." In other words, when the
"hard times" come and incomes and probably
capital, too, are reduced and now expenses
must also be cut down, we begin our economy
on tho Lord's claims and portion, practicing
our self-denial on the rendering of what we
owe to him and not on what we expend for
ourselves. We continually seeinstances of this
around us. There are many, who, through
all these " close times" have been living just
the same as formerly, having the same home
comforts and luxuries, eating just as good
food and wearing as good raiment, but mean-
while giving very much less to causes of be-
nevolence.
It may be answered, "All this is but natural,
150
THE FRIEND.
for retrenchraent elsewhere means giving up
of ease or pleasure, or comfort, or life, while
here it costs the man nothing." True, this is
"natural," but, what we complain of, is that
it is not Christian. Yes, " natural," while we
expect the Christian to be m«-" natural ;" " not
conformed to this world but transformed ;"
"a new creation," "old things passed away
and all things become new," and therefore
that " henceforth we should not live unto our-
selves but unto Him who loved us and died
for us and rose again."
And how often in these times we find Chris-
tians purposely contracting their benevolences
because of particular losses they have suffered,
promptly charging up their losses all to the
Lord's account; and still going right on as
before, in all ordinary style of living and ex-
pense. This is well illustrated by the little
fellow, of whom we have all read, who, by
some gift of friends, had come into possession
of two five cent pieces. When with joy and
pride he exhibited them to his father upon his
coming in, and his fixther asked him, "well,
Johnnie, what are you going to do with
them ?" the lad promptly replied, " One five
cents I'll give to the heathen, and the other
I'll buy nuts and candies with for myself"
The father pleased with this benevolent fea-
ture exhibited, said nothing disapprobatory
of the proposed use of the latter five cents,
and went forth again to business. Upon his
next return, his little boy came to him in
trouble. One five cent piece was lost. It had
slid somewhere away — utterly gone from
sight. The father inquired which piece he
had lost? Ah! that was the question that
tested the child's nature, as there he stood,
with one hand in his empty pocket, the other
holding the remaining coin in his outstretched
palm, looking and thinking. This five cents
in hand, meant nuts and candies, or, given to
benevolence, it meant no luxuries for him.
And the question was not long pending — the
human and sensual soon triumphed, as with
too many even, that profess " better things,"
and he answered, with an affected whine.
"I've lost the one I was going to give to the
heathen V'—Nat. Bapt.
can be made from the fact that a threshinjj
machine actually at work when the fire first
appeared in the distance had to be abando
ed, and the workmen felt they were lucky to
escape with their lives and their teams. Wo-
men and children have been burned to death
in the farm houses, or while attempting to
.save the cattle. Thousands of bushels of
wheat and barley, and tons upon tons of hay
have been consumed. The .soil of the prairies
is for miles black as ink, and bare as a rock
in mid-ocean. At night the wolves were
howling around the windows, fierce with hun-
ger for want of their usual prey — the smaller
animals of the country — which have been suf-
focated in their holes. Heavy frost covers
the ground nightly. What shall become of
the farmers and their families ? How is their
live stock to be fed ? Or must they soil their
cattle to buy food for the winter, and thus
sacrifice their chief means of callivating their
round next spring. — Late Paper.
The Devastated Northwest. — The Dakota
correspondent of the "Cincinnati Gazette,"
gives a startling disclosure of the misery in-
flicted by fire and sword in that portion of
our land. He writes:
We hear a great deal lately of the " strick-
en South," but as yet no newspaper has taken
up the cause of the " devastated Northwest."
And still for one month flame and sword have
swept throughout this fresh, young land ; the
destruction of the crops by the fire making
support of life through the winter a hard pr(>
blem for the settlements which escaped the
Indian massacre. A largo immigration has
crossed the borders of Nebraska and Dakota
during the past year, and within these boun-
daries have staked out their future homes.
All over the prairies new roofs are visible and
improvements are to be seen. Pioneer set-
tlers, they encounter all the hardships of fron-
tier life and build up homes and business
upon spots which at first seemed a dreary
wildernes.s. Upon these new homes, upon
barns full ofjust harvested wheat, upon stacks
of hay, upon patent reapers and mowers, the
costly apparatus of modern farming, the prai-
rie fires swept down with appalling velocity.
Some estimate of the rapidity of the flames
For "The Friend."
In the third volume of Piety Promoted,
(Philadelphia edition,) pages 294 to 300, is an
interesting though brief account of the life,
abors, and death of that devoted servant of
Christ, Samuel Emlen, who died at the close
of the eighteenth century. Having recently
come into possession of an original letter,
written by Susanna Emlen to her friend Ann
Mifliin, giving a rather more full description
of her father's last hours than that published,
't is offered for insertion in "The Friend."
If we could place implicit confidence in all
the obituary notices put before the public in
the present day, it might be supposed that
death was almost universally robbed of his
terrors, and welcomed as opening the portals
to eternal bliss, even in many cases where
the life gave little or no evidence of the de-
parted having been so brought under the
government of the Spirit of Christ as to be
willing to acknowledge Him before men. Con
tra,sted with this, it is instructive to note the
self abasedness and holy awe with which this
long dedicated and experienced disciple ap-
proached the termination of his earthly pil
grimage, and looked with an eye of faith on
the unending realities of the world to come.
How closely does it bring home the solemn
query of the apostle, " If the righteous scarce-
ly be saved, where shall the ungodly and sin-
ner appear?"
"About the middle of the 12th month, his
complaint returned with increased frequency,
since which, his son or myself lodged in his
room with him. He was very affectionate to
his children and others about him, saying, 'I
deem their sympathy and affectionate attend-
ance upon mc, a blessing from heaven, for
which God will bless them.'
" During his waking hours, the attributes
of his God, whom he had long served, were
almost his perpetual theme. He was frequent
in declaration of his power, his mercy, and
goodness to his soul, and in acknowledg-
ment of the rich consolations with which hts
mind was supported, and frequently repeated,
'Their sins and their iniquities will I remem-
ber no more; I will cast all their sins behind
my back ;' and in much broken ness of spirit.
Ye shall have a song as in the night, when
an holy solemnity is kept, and gladness of
heart, as when one goeth with a pipe to come
'nto the jTiountain of the Lord, to the mighty
Oh! the tears of holy joy
which flow down ray checks; sing pn
high praises to my God!' '^ " ' • ■ ■ ''
One of Israel.'
Ifeolnothitt
my way, although my conduct throii
has not been in every respect as guu
it might have been, yet the main bent of
mind has been to serve thee, O God, \'
glorious in holiness and fearful in prai
am sure I have loved godliness, and h:i
iquity; that my petitions to the thron
Grace have been accompanied with fa
and that he had a precious evidence iha'
sins were forgiven ; adding, ' I am not sen:
of having injured anyone, I have not brc
up any poor family for rents, but have g
up much ; which is my great consolai
seeing its the merciful who obtain mercy
" On First-day, the 29th of the 12th mo
he appeared as cheerful and pleasant a
any time: his mind being remarkably c
and covered with love, he again freque
repeated, 'Their sins and their iniquities
I remember no more, I will cast all their
ehind my back,' and was comforted with
alls and sympathy of friends, more or let
whom, generallj' visited him every day
his short confinement within doors,
went to bed about 10 o'clock on First-
evening, lay awhile without pain, and fell c
fortably to sleep for about an hour, when
awoke a little after 12 o'clock, being sei
violently. This attack soon appearing
alarming than any before, two of his neYir c
nexions and a physician were called in, w
he took an affectionate leave of his fam
No prospect of benefit appearing from furt
medical aid, ho was rather desirous that
thing might bo attempted, but wished to
as quiet as possible, saying, 'All I wan
heaven. Lord! receive my spirit,' and'
earnest that those about him might pray
his preservation in patience to the end. '
pain is great, — ray God! grant me pallet
humble depending patience, and then repe
ed, ' Call upon me in the day of trouble, I \
deliver thee and thou shall glorify me;
also with great fervency, a considerable p
of the Lord's Prayer. Shortly afterwa
Oh! how precious a thing it is to feel
Spirit itself, bearing witness with our spii
that we are his.' 'Oh ! this soul is an aw
thing ! — I feel it so ; you who hear me, mi,
Its an awful thing to die! the invisible wor
how awful 1' His end being now fast approan
ing, he said, 'I entreat that nothing may
done to me, but what I may request, that
mind may not be diverted, that my wh'
mind may be centred in aspirations
throne of Grace.' Shortly after ; 'Almigl:
Father! come quickly, if it be thy bU
will, and receive my spirit;' when he
quietly awhile, the conflict being appare
over; but feeling again the clogs of human;
he said in a low voice, ' I thought I was goc
and added, 'Christ Jesus receive my spi
These were his last words; a few minui
after which he departed without sigh, gro;
or struggle, about half past four o'clock,
the morning of the 30th of the 12th moni
1799."
Remote Causes of the Indian Outbreak.
all that vast region di'ained by the Colural
river and its branches, stretching from sout
ern Oregon and southern Idaho to the Br
line, where the Indians are and have be
most feverish, the food of the natives has bet
in winter, principally dried salmon and cam
root. The camas is a bulbous plant, rich
THE FRIEND.
151
ni'l gluten, of which Iho natives are
I. I L furnishes them broad. Recently
.'e canneries of salmon have been es-
shed on the Columbia. Twenty-one are
3tive operation. Thirty-six hundred men
; the river for salmon, day and night, at
rable places, from the bar at the mouth
le foot of the Cascades. The result is the
e as in otir own Sacramento. The time
ear when salmon will have to be artifi-
y propagated, or the sources of the Co-
bia will have them not. The Indians in
hat broad territory already feel the effect,
plows of the settler in the shape of steel,
noses of droves of fast increasing hogs,
exterminating the bread root of the In-
. His game is shot, his nut trees cut
n for fuel, his berries picked by the set-
i clo.-ing in around him. Why should he
be restless, when his food supply is com-
to a minimum ? — California paper.
For '■ The Friend."
Ittcidents and Reflections. — No. 28.
(illustrations.)
hen our Blessed Lord was personally on
h. Ho often explained and enforced his
hings by parables and illustrations which
3 drawn from customs or objects fiimiliar
8 hearers — such as his comparison of
self to a vine, of which his disciples were
branches. His ministers have often been
o follow his example in this respect. The
rapherof William Braj'. mentions that ho
heard him address a large congregation
Tiiners in Cornwall, England. In that
hborhood there were two mines, one veiy
perous, and the other quite the reverse,
the work was hard and the wages low.
represented himself as working at that
e, but on the " pay-day" going to the pros-
us one for his wages. But had he not
work at the other mine? the mana-
nquired. He had, but he liked the wages
he good mine the best. Ho pleaded very
estly, but in vain. He was dismissed at
with the remark, from which there was
ppeal, that he must come there to work,
came there for his wages. And then he
led upon the congregation, and the effect
almost irresistible, that they must serve
ist here if they would share his glory
after; but if they would serve the devil
, to him they must go for their wages by
by-
n another occasion, William visited an in-
d ; and the sick man expressed a hope that
Lord would take him to heaven, there
then, as he felt quite ready for the change,
he should not then grieve his best Friend
in by carelessness or unbelief His wife,
i) was standing by the side of the bed,
aed away, her eyes filled with tear.s. To
' Billy immediately turned and said, "So
. would not like to have your husband pro-
led, then?" And then he took up his par
!). " Don't you think that your eye ought
te as much upon the Lord Jesiia Christ, as
eye of a worldly woman is upon the
sen ? Now if the Queen were to send for
brother, or son, or husband of any such
Tian, would not she say, ' I am sorry to
t with him, but it may be the making
lim, I must let him go. It is the Queen
> has sent for him.' And yet you know,"
continued, " that it might be a great
jense to prepare him to go ; or the Queen
cht soon die, or he offend her, and then
he would be as bad off as ever. But the Lord
Jesus Christ is at all the expense of the 'fit
out.' He provides the robe in which your
husband will be clothed, the crown that he
will wear, the palm that he will wave; the
Lord Jesus Christ will never die, and your
husband wants to go because he knows he
shall never offend him again : now ought you
not to be willing f The distressed wife, who
was now smiling through her tears, said she
was willing, but she did not want to lose him
just yet. "And do you think," said Billy,
"that you will ever be willing. If my 'Joey'
lives, and if I am to wait until sho is willi
for mo to go to heaven, I shall never get there.
The fact is, the Lord has aright to take your
husband, or me, or any of his children when-
ever he pleases."
There are many pleasing illustrations of
the Heavenly skill, with which the Christian
warrior is sometimes enabled to shoot an ar-
row into the heart of careless or apparently
hardened sinners, and through Divine help
awaken in them the earnest inquiry, " What
shall I do to be saved ?" As Geraldine Hooper
was standing on the railroad platform at Nor-
folk, England, her attention was called to a
gamekeeper standing on the other side of the
line with a d')g by his side. The man had the
reputation of being an irreligious character.
Sho quickly crossed the line, went up to him,
and stroking his four-footed friend said cor-
dially, " What a beautiful dogj^ou have here!"
"Yes I" said the man rather gruffly; "but
take care ho does'nt bite you. He is not fond
of strangers!" "O he wont bite me. Dogs
know who are fond of them ; no doubt you
are very fond of him?" " That I am." "Do
you feed your dog?" "Yes ma'am." "House
him?" " Yes, of course." "D)es your dog
obey your word of command ?" " Y'es ma'am I"
"And 3'ou would bo disappointed if he did
not love and obey j-ou ?" "That I should,"
then looking projdly at his dog, " but Rover
does love his master," and he patted the dog's
head as it looked up trustfully in his face.
" Would you be grieved if ho followed a
stranger?" "Yes," he replied, rather im-
patient at so many questions. "Ah I" said
she, in a sad, tender, reproachful tone, "you
ungrateful sinner, what a lesson does that dog
teach you ! God has fed you, housed you, cared
for you, loved you, these man^j'oars — but you
do not love or obey Him — you do not follow
Him ! He so loved you that He gave his only
begotten Son to die on the cross for your sins,
and yet you never have loved Him in return !
You follow a stranger. Satan is your chosen
master. The dog knows its owner — you know
not yours I Truly may it bo said of you, ' the
ox knoweth its owner, and the ass its master's
crib ; but Israel doth not know, my people
doth not consider!' " Sho looked sadly, yet
kindly, at him as she earnestly uttered these
words. His eyes filled with tears, he fixed
them on his dog, and in a choking voice said,
after a few moments, "Ah, Rover, Rover!
thee hast taught thy master a lesson this day !
I have been an ungrateful sinner, but by God's
help I'll be so no longer."
On another occasion she went into a shop
at Norwich to buy a dress, and made use of
the opportunity thus afforded to give a lesson
of instruction to the young woman who waited
on her. After she had selected a dress and
was paying for it, they entered into conversa-
tion, which she thus narrates: " 'Now you'll
be sure and send me this dress?' 'Oh, yes,
ma'am.' 'You'll send it me now, at once, to-
day?' 'Certainly ma'am.' 'You wont take
it and loear it oui first, and then send it to me
when it's worn out, will you?' The young
woman seemed quite hurt and offended. ' Why,
you surely don't know our house, ma'am ; this
is one of the first houses i n Norwich : of course
wo should not dream of such disgraceful con-
duct! I never heard of such a thing!' 'My
dear young friend,' said I, 'are you not wear-
ing out your precious life, which He bought
and paid for with His own priceless, precious
blood, in the service of the world, and self,
sin and Satan? Have you given Him what
is his own by right of purchase? You are
not your own ; you are bought with a price!
Have 3'ou given yourself, body, soul, and
spirit to God ?' The young woman burst into
tears."
Whatever may have been the future history
of this person, whether the impression made
on her heart was abiding in its character, or
whether it was like the early dew and the
morning cloud that passothaway; the appeal
to her conscience was skilfully made, and wo
may hope that it was inspired by that wisdom
which is profitable to direct.
When travelling once with an old general,
she entered into conversation with him about
his soul, and he asserted that he was all right,
because he had been made a Christian vvheri
he was baptized in his infancy. Sho asked
him if he was doing or had done anything for
Christ. '■ O no!" he replied. "Now, what
would j^ou think, general, of a soldier who,
when the order to charge was given on a field
of battle, should turn round and say, 'It is
true I am a soldier — I was made one when I
enlisted, but I never intended to fight !' What
would you do with such a one, General?"
"Tie him up to the cannon's mouth as an ex-
ample to the rest, to be sure!" " And that is
what the Lord will do with you," she solemn-
ly replied, " He will drive you forever from
His presence, unless you get a new heart, and
I 'ad a new life, through the Grace of God !
You say you are a Christian, and yet by your
own confession you have never used your
time or talents in the service of Jesus Christ."
He was not offended ; but looking seriously at
her said, " 1 never thought of it in that light,
my young friend, but I will not forget your
words." The train stopped, and as he left
the carriage he thanked her for her faithful-
For " Tbe Friend "
How all important it is that we be as noth-
ing ; having the strong will subdued, pride
laid low, and all within humbled and broken
by the mighty and powerful operations of the
Holy Spirit upon the heart. This, and noth-
ing but this, can enable any to prostrate them-
selves at the Master's feet, giving themselves
up wholly into his hands, to be formed, fash-
ioned, and made fit vessels for his use.
And this is not all ; there must be a con-
tinual XookXag unto the same Source, which
can alone enable to keep there, to keep little
and low, humble and child-like. This is the
state needful for all to be in, who would de-
sire to serve the Lord. Then would He fill
the empty with his own righteousness, and
send them forth when and where He pleased.
Oh ! the littleness, the child-like nature of a
babe in Christ; being willing to receive all
from Him which He may be pleased to dis-
pense, whether of joy or of sorrow, as coming
152
THE FRIEND.
from Olio who deals in wisdom, with alL of
his children, and never errs. 'Tis such as
these who are enabled to say, My meal is, to
do the Fatljci-'s will.
THE FRIEND.
TWELFTH MONTH 21, 1878.
We have received a communication respect-
ing an article which lately appeared in our
columns on novel reading, in which while ap-
proving of the sentiments therein expressed,
the writer inquires: " Is it enough to keep a
child not only from the evil itself, but from a
knowledge of the evil of the world, by speak-
ing of sin and temptation in general terms,
and trust to the effcts of moral teachings to
enable him to withstand in the evil day; or
is it better to draw near to them in close sym-
pathy, and to speak of particular temptations
and special sins and aim to forearm them by
forewarning?"
We believe that there is nothing but the
Spirit of Christ in the heart that will enable
lis effectually to resist temptation and to stand
in the evil daj', and that this is granted to
children even when very young ; but it should
be the concern of parents so to live under the
guidance of this same Spirit, as to be able
readily to enter into sympathy with their
children in their trials and temptations, and
b}^ their example as well as by precept and
the influence of their spirits, to strengthen
their good, though it may bo often feeble
resolutions, to denj^ themselves, and to turn
their backs upon the tempter. There may
be times when it would be proper to mention
to them particular vices to which they are or
may be exposed, and to point out the misery
which would follow from an indulgence there-
in. Familiarity with vice, or with the sug-
gestions to vice is however always danger-
ous, and the proneness to yield to its seductive
influences is such, that it is not wise to ac-
quaint children with evils of which they are
ignorant, unless under the constraining influ-
ences of that grace which will overcome it,
and impress upon their minds such feelings
of abhorrence as may effectually protect them
from the disposition to participate in it.
Innocence and purity of mind should be the
constant object of attainment, and the preser-
vation of them in the unsullied mind of a child,
a subject of the most anxious/olicitude by its
parents and caretakers. We know that there
is a distinction between that state of mind
which belongs to a child too little developed
to be liable to serious departures from what
is rigiit, and the stability of more mature
years, when able to " choose the good and re-
fuse the evil," resulting from obedience to the
strivings of the Lord's Holy Spirit; by which
only any are kept pure and blameless in His
sight. But that which shows to the child
tliat which is evil, will also, as it is followed
and obeyed, preserve him from it. The duty
of parents therefore requires not only that
they should guard their children from evil
examples and corrupting influences, but that
they should early direct their attention to the
Light of Christ in their hearts, which con-
demns them when they do wrong, and which
as they obey it, will become their Leader and
Protector. If our children are thus trained
and strengthened by the righteou4 example
of their parents and caretakers, may wo not
confidently believe that a blessing will bo
poured out upon the children of this people,
as was declared respecting the posterity of
Abraham, '' For I know him that he will com-
mand his children and his household after
him, and they shall keep the way of the Lord
to do justice and judgment; that the Lord
may bring upon Abraham that which ho hath
spoken of him."
In the present number we reprint the
"Address to Parents" directed to be issued by
the late Yearly Meeting, which points out
some of the important qualifications necessary
for the right training of youth, and conveys
wise counsel and encouragement in relation
to the discharge of the weighty dalles of
parents.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — A heavy rain storm visited the
Middle and Eastern States on the 9th and 10th insts.,
causing great floods in many, parts of the coiuitry. In
New England several accidents are recorded of trains
running into wash-outs, in some cases attended with
loss of life. In many sections, throughout its course,
the destruction of property was very great.
Congress. — On the 11th the House passed a bill to
regulate inter-state commerce, and prevent discrimina-
tion by common carriers. On the 13th, Senator Ed-
munds' Electoral Bill relating to the Presidential elec-
tions, and intended to provide for and regulate the
counting of the votes for President and Vice-l' resident,
and the decision of questions arising therefrom, passed
the Senate by a vote of 35 to 26. The House has also
passed five of the general appropriation bills.
The joint commission to consider the advisability of
transferring the care of the Indians to the War Depart-
ment, has been engaged in taking testimony from per-
sons supposed to be informed on the subject, which is
generally unfavorable to the change. The present
plan is believed to be cheaper to the Government and
better for the Indians.
The Agricultural Department reports the cotton crop
of 1878, at 5,197,000 bales, of 450 pounds to the bale.
During last year ten vessels of the (jloucester, Mass.,
fishing fleet, valued at $46,469, were lost, with 14 lives;
22 lives were lost by the capsizing of dories and other
accidents, making a total of 36 lives.
Since 1874 shipbuilding in the Portland (Maine) dis-
trict has steadily decreased from 15,575 95 tons tliat
year, to 4,278.83, in 1878. In 1869, it increased from
2,262.82 to 11,997.88 tons, and then fell to an average
of about 3000 tons a year.
During last month 5,852 immigrants arrived at the
port of New York, an increase of 107 on the number
during the corresponding month of 1877. For the
eleven months of the present year there were 81,255,
against 66,111 for corresponding period of last year.
A New York paper states, the new vault in the
United States Sub-Treasury, which has been prepared
for the storage of silver dollars, is forty-eight feet in
length, thirty feet in width, and twelve feet in height.
Should this space be packed solidly with 412} gi-ain
dollars, the capacity would not fall short of forty million
dollars.
The Anchor Mill, at Minneapolis, Minn., was burned
recently, the fire originating in an explosion of flour-
dust. A man with a lantern attempted to correct a
stoppage in the Hour elevator, and dislodged the flour
which falling in a cloud of dust, instantly burst into
flame. The man was seriously burned.
The number of deaths in this city during the past
week was 306. Of consumption 52; diphtheria 19;
disease of the heart 11 ; scarlet fever 12 ; typhoid fever
10.
The English .steamship Chancellor, recently arrived
at this port, brought nearly 18,000 boxes of fruit from
the Mediterranean. This is the largest cargo of fruit
ever brought to this place, and is equal to that of four
sailing vessels.
Markets, etc.— Gold lOOJ. U. S. sixes, 1881, regis-
t.Tid, Kn;-^, roupnns lO!);'; 5-lia coupons, 1865, 103J ;
do isi;;, Id!;'; ,|,,. lsi;s, mi; „,.„ :,•,,_ ]00| ; new 4J
( 'oitoii. -S;ilf^ of iniil.lUn-s al ".) a \)\ cts. per ponnd
Petroleum. — Crude 7:j a 8 cts., and standard white at
;85 cts. for export, and W, a 12i cts. per gallon for
jhoine use.
1 Flour. — Minnesota extra, $4 a $4.75 ; western, $4.75
a $5 ; patent and other high grades, $5.50 a $;
Bye flour, f-2.70 a S3.00. Corn meal, $2.55 per ba
Grain.— Red wheat, $1.04.V a $1.05; amber, $1.
$1.06! ; white, $1.06 a #1.08'. Corn, 39 a 48 cts., i
grade. Oats, mixed, 28 a 29 cts. ; white, 30 a 3S
per biLshel.
Seeds. — Clover, 5 a 6i cts. for common to chi
flaxseed, $1.37^ per bushel.
Hav and Straw. — Prime timothv, 60 a 70 cts. per
pounds ; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. Straw, 70 a 80 cts.
100 pounds.
Beef cattle were in fair demand, prime lots sold i
a 5!|- cts.; fiir to good, 4i a 5 cts. per pound g
Sheep, 3 a 5 cts. per pound, as to condition. Hog
were quoted at 108i for the new 5's, 105f for
and 106J for the new 4| per cents. T\\q London El
mist says: "That commercial and financial un
takings have felt sharply the effects of the failure ol
West of England and South Wales District Bank,
shares also suffered from further disclosures concer
Edison's discovery. The political and financial
look is not such as to warrant a recovery of animal
The state of affairs in Roumelia, and the conlinu
of the Russian mission at Cabul, raise doubts w
check recovery in any direction."
In Parliament, resolutions have been introduced
suring the Government for its Afghan policy, w
have caused warm discussions, but the resolutions '.
been rejected by a large majority.
The reports from the army in Afghani.stan cont
to indicate but little resistance to their progress,
inhabitants of the country are said to be very frier
Princess Alice, wife of the Grand Duke of Hesse,
daughter of Queen Victoria, died on the 14th ins
the age of 35. The princess is said to have been
sessed of much energy of character, devoting n
time and interest to the promotion of charitabl
tutions.
Waddington, the French Foreign Minister, tal
hopeful view of the fulfilment of the Treaty of "
and says, France has no kind of engagement
mising its neutrality.
WANTED
A well qualified teacher for Friend.s' Select Sc
for Girls, in this city. To enter upon duty
practicable. Apply to
Thomas Lippincott, 920 Franklin S
John W. Biddle, 726 Buttonwood S
Annie Rhoads, 224 North Twelfth '
Rebecca W. Kite, 459 North Fifth I
Philada. 12th mo. 1878.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE
Near Frankford, {Twenty -Ikird Ward,} Philadelp
Physician and Superintendent — JohnC. PIall,;
Applications for the Admission of Patients
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boa
Managers.
Married, at Friends' Meeting, Concord, Bel!
Co., Ohio, on the 30th of 10th month last, Willia;
son of Parker and Rebecca Hall, of Harrisville, (
and Lydia J., daughter of Israel and Rachel B.
well, of the former place.
Died, on the 11th of 10th mo. 1878, at her resid
Pennsvillc, Morgan Co., Ohio, Hannah M. Peni
relict of the late John Penrose, an elder and mer
of PennsviUe Monthly and Particular Meeting, :
68th year of her age. She endured with patiei
protracted illness, often expressing that all was ]
within; and on one occasion the assurance she fell
" the everlasting Arms were underneath." " Mar
perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end ol
man is peace."
, at Damascus, Columbiana Co., Ohio, lOtl
20th, 1878, Abigail Ware, in the 79th year of he:
a member of Salem Monthly Meeting of Friends, (
, at West Chester, on the 2nd of 11th mo.
John Scarlet, a member of Birmingham Mo:
Meeting, Pa., formerly of Robeson, Berks Co., ii
72(1 voar of his age. The life of this dear Frien(
(|iiiri :,ii,l iina-Miining. The f;»iling of his health, '
ooiiiiiiiKMl lor .^cvrral month, he bore with cheerfn '
inis,~ioii lo Ihr liivinewill, and looked towards the|
close wilh c:ilmrie.ss and composure, and p.assed qi
away we trust to a more enduring inheritance.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
E FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
TOIj. lii.
SEVEXTH-DAY, TWELFTH MOXTH 28, 1878.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
:, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Sabacriptioas and Payments received by
JOHX S. STOKES,
D KO. 116 SORia FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For "Tbo Friend."
Frieuils held ns Ciiptivcs in Foreisu Lauds,
A. D. lGSO-1705.
(Concluded from page 14(3.)
Epistle ]689. — "Our Friends who are cap-
es at Mequinez do remain as before; on!}-
ne are comedown to Sally, and iiave liberty
go about the town under security for their
6 imprisonment. Great endeavours have
in used for their redemption."
1690. — "And as concerning our Friends at
quinez and Sally, endeavours have not been
'j: to obtain their redemption ; but as
t it cannot be effected. We hear from them
It they are well, and desire their loves
ght be communicated to Friends in their
live land."
Epistle 1691. — "Divers good epistles were
id in this meeting from foreign part.s, Ire-
nd, Scotland, * * * and two from Friends,
btives at Mequinez, in Barbary, under the
jnperor of Morocco. * * There yet re-
iin nine English Friends captives at Me-
inez, and three at Murbray; who received
e truth there (it being three or four days
'irncy distant) who correspond with each
her by letters. One Friend (to wit, Joseph
|asey, ) being lately redeemed and newly
me over, gave a large account to this meet-
gof their miserable hard usage in captivity;
iving no lodging but under arches, in deep
aces on the cold ground, winter and sum-
er; only water for drink, and no bread
lowed them by the king but of old rotten,
inking barle}- ; and no clothes but a frock
ice in two years; and forced to hard labor,
:eept three days in the year, and more cs-
scially on the sixth daj' of the week, (which
their day of worship) they are compelled
carry heavy burdens on their heads, run-
ngfrom sun-rising to sun-setting, with bru-
sh black boys following them with whips
id stripes at their pleasure."
"Many of the other captives perish and die
irough their extreme hardships and want of
od to sustain them ; as in all likelihood
riends there had, if Friends and their rela-
ves here had not sent them some relief;
iven pence a mouth formerly allowed them
f the king being now taken from them,
heir sufferings are lamentable: yet the Lord's
3wer has wonderfully preserved them, and
reatly restrained the fury and cruelty of that
nperor towards poor Friends there ; in whose
ehalf the said Joseph Wasey did, by an in-
irpreter, speak to the said emperor, giving
him an account of their innocent conversation
and religion — which he heard with modera-
tion— though he often kills men in cold blood
(or his pleasure. Joseph Wasey also signified
that Friends' daytime being taken up with
hard servitude, they are necessitated to keep
their meetings in the night season to wait on
God. The aforesaid captive Friends were
veiy thankful for the relief sent from hence,
which was verj' refreshing to them."
1692. " Several letters from Friends who
still remain in their long captivity in Me-
quinez, to divers Friends hero, were read; in-
timating the state of things with them, and
that they received our epistles from our last
Yearly Meeting; and acknowledged Friends'
love and diligence here in laboring for their
•ansom. And that since the last Yearly Meet-
ng the Lord hath delivered three of them, bj'
death, out of their great misery and servi-
tude, who ended their days in great content
nd peace. Their names are John Bound,
Richard Nevet and Thomas narnill. The
distressed case of the remainder of them (as
last year signified) is still before Friends, and
divers are engaged in the love of God to use
their endeavors for their ransom."
1693. " The Friends yet remaining captives
at Mequinez are still held under great severi-
ties and hardships bj' that cruel tyranical
task-master, who is yet suffered cruelly to
punish, wound and kill poor captives, at his
pleasure. And all possible care of their re-
demption and relief is by this meeting slill
recommended to the Meeting for Sufferings
to continue their endeavours for the effecting
thereof."
1697. "At Barbary there remain several
captives, most of whom are such that received
the truth in the time of their captivity ; the
ransom of whom could not hitherto be ob-
tained ; although great endeavours have been
used for it ; but further endeavours are intend-
ed to bo used as opportunity presents."
1698. "We * * understand that divers of
our Friends who were captives at Mequinez,
3,nd suffered great hardships there, are dead.
And there yet remain five, for whose ransom
great endeavours have been used, but it is not
yet effected."
1699. " Earnest endeavours have again lately
been used for the liberty of our Friends cap
lives in Barbary, though not as yet obtained ;
and there being at this time negotiations on
foot for the redemption of all the English
there; and though the persons in Barbary
employed therein by Friends, do wait some
time to see the effect of that, yet we shall
continue our farther endeavours for their dis-
charge. And in the mean time have and do
take care to send them supplies for food ; they
having little allowance in that country of any-
thing to support their bodies under the great
severities of labor, and undeserved stripes
that captives often endure. Also farther direc-
tion by this meeting is given in their behalf."
1700. "Friends care is also continued for
the redemption of our Friends that are cap-
tives in Barbary ; and (as was hoped) the king
has now agr.ed for the ransom of all the
English captives there; and agents are ar-
rived from thence in order to receive the said
ransom. And although now, as heretofore,
Friends have acquainted the Government that
they intend to redeem our Friends at our own
charge, nevertheless Friends are so far will-
ing to encourage a public collection for the
said service that, when the collectors shall
come with the briefs to Friends' houses, we
hope Friends will be inclined to extend their
charity, in common' with their neiichbors,
towards the redemption of the other English
captives."
1701. "The Friends that are in captivity
in Barbary are duly taken care of by Friends.
And their ransom having been agreed forsomo
time it is hoped will be shortly effected. One
young man has boon convinced there lately."
Epistle A. D. 1702. "And whereas we for-
merly gave you some account of the hopes
Friends had, and endeavours used, for the re-
demption of Fi-iends, captives in Barbary; we
now let you know that John King, Richard
Robertson, Thomas Walkeion, Robert Finley,
James Burgoine, Joseph Bigland, (being all
of our Friends who remained alive in that
r and sore captivity), have been this year
redeemed; whose ransom hath cost Friends
up wards of 480£, including one George Palmer,
Friend's son, of Pennsylvania, recommended
from thence ; towards whoso ransom they
also did contribute. Divers of which re-
deemed Friends have tenderly and grate-
fully acknowledged Friends' love and care of
them."
Thus, after a care of more than twenty
j'oars, the last of these poor people were re-
stored to their homes, and the tender concern
of the Yearly Meeting was rewarded.
That they were worth}' of this care the
records themselves show. How touching is
the message (1690) " they desire that their
loves may be communicated to Friends in
their native land ;" and again, (ib.), " Friends'
day time being taken up with hard servi-
tude, they are necessitated to keep up their
meetings in the night season to wait on
God I" One can almost picture this little
band of captives, under some old heathen
"arches, or in deep places on the cold ground,"
silently waiting on the Lord, or, as the Spirit
gave them utterance, telling what good things
He had done for their souls. With what chris-
tian boldness and yet in what spirit and with
what power must Joseph Wasey, (Bp. 1691)
himself but lately redeemed and not yet safe
from recapture, have pleaded with the em-
peror, so to have prevailed with him that " he
heard him with moderation, though he often
kills men in cold blood for his pleasure?"
Nor were their faithfulness and the beauty
of their example without their effects. Many
other captives, as the records tell us, were
convinced of the truth, some of whom re-
154
THE FRIEND.
turned with them to their native land, while
others, still captives, "ended their days in
great content and peace."
One hundred and fourteen years after this
record was made, and after various military
and naval espediliooa had been sent fiom al-
most every European nation, as well as from
the United States, whose citizens had been
enslaved by the barbarians, on the 27th of
8th mo. 1816, "a British fleet consisting of
five line of battle ships, five heavy frigates,
four bomb vessels, and five gun brigs, besides
a Dutch fleet of five frigates and a corvette,
under Admiral Van do Capellan, who had
volunteered his aid, anchored before the for-
midable fortifications of Algiers" — that Al-
giers whose career presented an almost un-
interrupted history of treaties broken and of
men brutally enslaved.
What followed is terribly told in the words
of the historian,* ft-om whom I have already
quoted. " It would not bo agreeable or in-
structive to dwell on the scene of desolation
and blood which ensued. Before night the
fleet fired, besides shells and rockets, one hun-
dred and eighteen tons of powder, and fifty
thousand shot, weighing more than five hun-
dred tons. The citadel and massive batteries
of Algiers were shattered and crumbled to
ruins. The storehouses, ships, and gun-boats
were in flames, while the blazings of battle
were answered, in a storm of signal fury, by
the lightnings of heaven. The power of the
Great Slave Dealer was humbled." Two daj^s
later the following conditions of Peace were
submitted to : 1st. The abolition of Christian
slavery forever. 2nd. The delivery to the
British flag of all slaves in the dominions of
the Dey ; to whatever nation they may be-
long. 3rd. The delivery of all money received
by him for the redemption of slaves since the
commencement of the year. * * On the next
day twelve hundred slaves were emancipated,
making with those previously liberated by
the British commander, more than three thou
sand. "Thus ended white slavery in the
Barbary States. It had already died out in
Morocco. It had been quietly renounced by
Tripoli and Tunis. Its last retreat was Al-
giers, whence it was now driven forever."
The punishment and the humiliation of Al-
giers were not yet complete. Learning little
from its misfortunes, its intolerant conduct
found an avenger in the power of Franco,
which, after a cruelty of warfare that has
scarcely a parallel in history, in the year 1830
took possession of it as a French colony, and
thus, as it may be believed, forever blotted
out the name of Algiers from the catalogue
of independent nations. J. J. L.
John Crolicr.
(ContinueJ from page 147.)
After an absence of over four j'cars from
his native land and home, having been won-
derfully cared for, and watched over by the
Great Preserver of all mankind, John Croker
was now restored to his anxious parents, who
had mourned for him as one they should see
no more.
He was now in his 18ih year, and his father
desiring him to learn some trade, set him at
liberty to choose for himself. Meeting with
a person in Exeter who was a fuller or tucker,
^though not a Friend), who traded mostly to
" Charles Sumner. — Op. cit.
Holland, ho agreed to serve him six years,
paying him thirty pounds at the time of scal-
ing the indentures, and eight pounds if ho
sent him to Holland the last two years. With
this arrangement his father was pleased, and
he entered upon his apprenticeship.
Here he found himself exposed to manj'
temptations, for his master proved to be a dis-
sipated and intemperate man; he had fre-
quently to walk the streets after night search-
ing for him among the taverns and ale-houses,
in obedience to the wishes of his master's wife.
Sometimes ho could prevail upon him to re
turn home with him, at others he would get
into a passion and keep him there, when ho
would have to sleep in the chimney-corner.
Many times was he tempted by him to play
at cards with his gambling associates ; but he
was preserved from evil.
He served his apprenticeship about two
j'oars, when his master was put into prison,
and his goods seized, he was thus left at
liberty to seek other employment.
Being a Quaker but few would employ him :
he found work as a journeyman, and lodged
with a Friend. This not answering, he re-
turned to his father's, who readily received
him, and set to work at his elder brother's
trade, who was a serge weaver; he was set to
combing wool, at which he earned six or seven
shillings a week. His father bought an estate
in Cornwall, whither he and his wife removed
and resided with their eldest daughter; who
was married ; here they remained until their
death ; after which his eldest brother, for
whom he was working, removed there.
His father had left him a room at Plymouth,
where he lived retired, spending most of his
time in reading, and doing a little work at
purse-making, the proceeds from which he
generally gave away.
He was often desirous that ho might be
directed into some way of business, not feel-
ing satisfied with this idle way of living,
" which," as he says, "often brought sorrow
in calling over the actions of the day. For
sotting them in order before the Judge of my
conscience, those things which were done
amiss brought trouble, which caused sorrow
from idleness and get a little money, I p
forward some small business, which was spi
ning of tobacco, my father's former occuj
tion.
" My dear mother had always been a gre
help to me in my spiritual exorcise, beii
sensible there was something at work in d
heart which wanted to be perfected ; and s
would be very tender, and help me what a
could. I had not courage to make my mi;
known to any after her decease, although n
heart was many times loaded more heavi
than I could bear, not knowing the reason
it; but in private places I sought relief I
tears and prayers, which no mortal besid
myself did know of, unless it was by the alt(
ation in my countenance and deportmei
which might visibly appear : although I j
ways behaved as cheerfully when in compat
as I could ; but I am persuaded my de
mother had some sense of it, and that h
prayers were heard on my behalf."
(To be continued.)
From " The Britinh Frif
A Word to the Thoughtful.
Dear Friend, — Whilst it is almost impc
sible to read without interest the eommut
cation published in the current issue of tl
Journal, from our dear friends, the deputati(
to America, it is not a little painful to pond
the oft-recurring thought : What is the
cause of these divisions, of the charges of u
soundness, of the accusations by one again
another? Why should Manchester Fr
have to meet and discuss " the decline of s
eiability in the Society of Friends and
remedy?" Why should the Society deelii
either in numbers, power, sociability, spi:
uality, or in anything but that worldline
which is incompatible with Truth ? What
the reason that as a spiritual people, Fri
have not the influence they formerl3' pc
sessed? What the cause of meetings beit
given up, and meeting-houses closed ? The
must bo some cause for these controversies at
this lack of vigor; what is it? Having b
recently read through George Fox's Journs
and tears, as well as prayers that the Lord Sewel's History, and other early recon
would pass them by, and open of his wisdom, the Society, I am in some measure led to b
more and more in ray heart, and that I might! lievo that the chief difference between tl
not act contrary to his mind. For those, early " Friends of Truth," and those of to-di
which some call small things and not worth [is just this: they were faithful, we are «■
minding, caused me more exorcise, so that I\ faithful.
found a daily cross was to be kept to, in the I Times have changed, and while it may n^
management of words and conversation in, bo required of us, perhaps to copy literally
this world ; or else a good state might be soon all things the manners or actions of ear!
lost, which I was under the fear of. I found; Friends, we must remember Truth has n
when I had considered of those things which changed, and will not, because it is Trutl,
and under no pretence can we maintain th
it is not to be set forth as faithfully b}' us
it was by them.
" The seed of God," said Georgo Fox, " do(
not change ;" and Edward Burrough, in tl
closing hours of life declared that the
which had lived, and acted, and ruled in hir
should yet break forth in thousands ; is it
us to-day? Are we subject as he was to tl
law of the Spirit of life, willing to bear
suffer, given up fully to do our Lord's will?,
A Society in that condition can not declin
can not divide, can not be disquieted ; there
no need in such a company to look to stati
tics for results; for where all aro faithful, the;
will be power, and life, and increase. We
indeed would it bo if each one of us wou
I hadjdone, spoken or acted in the fear of God
it always brought peace ; and 1 took my rest
with true content in the will of God, however
he might be pleased to deal with me in the
night seasons."
His mother died about the year 1695, from
his journal we take the following : " The Lord
was pleased to deprive me of my dear and
honorable mother, who was in her day a
noble woman for Truth, and who retained her
integrity to God, and lovo to Friends to the
end. I doubt not but she resteth in peace
with the Lord. This was a trying time to
mo, and it made an impression on my very
countenance. I then retired into the country
to my father, who was soon after brought to
his bed by reason of a sore distemper in his
feet. So I waited on him, and to keep myself unite on this common ground oi faithfulnes
THE FRIEND.
155
i by obeying the leadings of Truth in all
tters, both small and great, come to know
trength and fellowship which no outside
uence could affect or undermine.
k.nd in closing these few words I feel it
ht to revive the language addressed in
V. ii. to the Church in Ephesus, "I know
' works, and thy labor, and thy patience,
1 how thou canst not bear them that are
I ; and thou hast tried them which say they
apostles and are not, and hast found them
s : and hast borne, and hast patience, and
mj' Name's sake hast labored, and hast
fainted. Nevertheless, I have somewhat
,inst thee, because thou hast left thy first
B. Eemember, therefore, from whence thou
fallen, and repent, and do the first works ;
sise I will come unto thee quickly, and will
[lOve thy candlestick out of his place, ex-
t thou repent."
I remain, thine truly.
An Attender op Meetings.
Ith mo. 14th, 1S7S.
Selected.
iress to Parents, from the Committee on Ed-
ication of the Yearly Meeting of Friends of
Philadelphia.
CConcladed from p«ge 149.)
Che happiness and cheerfulness of a home
ere Christian love gives light and warmth,
Dulate the development of the mental as
II as the moral nature ; and that calmness
i peace which pervade a household where
tual consideration prevails, and where that
tch is set upon the door of the lips which
^presses thoughtless expressions, favors in
Idren the formation of a well-balanced and
ind judgment. They lead to that con.*tant
•e that the fountain shall send forth sweet
,ter and not biiter, which is the source of re-
shment in social intercourse. We may also
'erently believe that the practice of waiting
stillness before the Lord, and the habit of
iet recollection and meditation which is
in to it, promote a calmness of mind which
■avorable to the full apprehension of subjects
thought, and the reception of clear views
the truth in relation to both spiritual and
tward things.
The faithful members of our Society, from
neration to generation, have learned to wait,
the silence of their own reasonings, for the
shining of the light of Christ, who is their
viour and Teacher; and in it they have
m and embraced the same spiritual views
worship and holiness of life, that its first
inders held. They have been brought to
3, as they did, that the rule of fashion and
stoms founded on the spirit of the world is
jolly incompatible with the life which our
viour's precepts call for; that it thwarts
s gracious designs for the well-being of man,
d opposes the spread of his kingdom in their
arts, and that therefore it is highly ofi'en-
'6 in his sight.
We have consequently been called to with-
md it for our own safety, and to bear a tes-
nony against it for the good of others. To
1 this, and to keep out of the way of the
any pleasures and pursuits which tend lo
b us of our true peace, requires of us a de-
■ee of non-conformity with the world, which
calls narrow-minded and inconsistent with
ir duty to our fellow-men. But that cannot
) narrow-minded which is founded on eter-
a truth ; and that must be the broadest view
hich He has given us to see, who is Clod of
earth as well as of heaven, who designs the
good of all, and in his infinite wisdom knows
how most efficiently to employ his instrumen-
tal means.
As we find need of watchfulness for our own
preservation, so also is it necessary to guard
our children from temptation to things which
tend to alienate them from the Truth. Let
us not be induced to think that, as they must
one day bear their part in the world, expo-
3 to it in their youth will give them know-
ledge of its evils and strength to withstand
them. The more youth sees of what is good,
true, and pure, the more repulsive to them is
that which is false and impure. Weak human
nature lies open to the influence of much of
the evil of the world, because its deceptive
presentations are outwardly beautiful, and
clothed with refined associations ; -while on
the other hand, familiarity with uncloaked
vice deadens the sensibility, and at last de-
stroys the perception of its hideousness.
Fearful will be the responsibility incurred
by any of us, if by lack of sympathy, or any
act of ours, we discourage or prevent our off-
spring from submission to the tender convic-
tions with which they may be favored, in re-
lation to bearing their testimony against the
vain fashions and customs of the world.
Those even who have the most matured
safest companions for one another. The more
careful exclusion from demoralizing amuse-
ments and worldly ways which prevails among
us than exists in general society, is a reason
for placing them almost universally in asso-
ciation with and under the care of our own
members, in order to keep them from tempta-
tion and unsettling example ; and in so doing,
we save them from a conflict of feeling arising
from comparison with others, which we may
well desire they should he spared.
If wo can, b}^ our own faithfulness, secure
the influence of our children over one another
on the side of truth and a willing submission
to its requirements, what strength they may
receive from the association, and how peace-
ful and happy will their early years be! How
greatlj' is it to the interest of all of us to join
hands in this blessed work, " looking not each
man upon his own" children "onlj', but also
upon the" children of others, and endeavor to
make our schools nurseries of the principles of
truth !
The education which looks only to promote
knowledge, intellectual pleasure and reputa-
tion, and the amenities of society, fails to see
and provide for the higher objects of our being.
The Giver of every good and perfect gift be-
stows real refinement ; and the true culture is
that which is carried on under his hand. Wo
strength and experience, find that the world, cannot get nearer Him nor help his cause by
the things of the world, its spirit, pride, and the culture which is of mere human wisdom ;
wisdora.like a mighty tide, bear down heavily | nor will the refinement which has not its root
upon them, and would carry away from the in love to God, as well as in love to man,
truth such as have found it, and sweep aside however beautiful in form, be acceptable in
those who are seeking it. We should not
leave our children, in their weakness and in-
experience, to drift out, or venture out, into
its overpowering current. Except under the
enlightening influence of Divine grace, our
children generally see only the world's plea-
res; and if they perceive its dangers, they
his sight or bear fruit to his praise.
Wo have thus endeavored to trace out what
we believe are the underlying principles of
that religious and guarded education, both in
the domestic circle and in the school, which
is demanded from us as members of a Society
makincr the profession we do. The best and
over-estimate their strength to withstand | most practicable mode of carrying out these
— " " ■ " ■ ■ principles may vary in conformity with the
particular circumstances which surround the
parental home ; but we believe there can be
no doubt of the injurious influences on their
morals, and the future adherence to our prin-
ciples and testimonies, often resulting from
sending our children to schools not under the
care of consistent Friends. We would in a
spirit of sympathy for the pecuniary sacrifice
that some may have to make in placing their
1 children in Friends' schools, appeal to them
them. Warm-hearted and unsuspicious, they
naturally cannot see any harm in general as-
sociation with their neii^hbors, or in doing as
those do who are considered respectable among
them. But if we are faithful to them, we must
not allow them to choose their associates with-
out regard to our sense of what is best for
them ; and in deciding to what schools we will
send them, we shall do them great wrong, if
we allow their preference to overrule our best
judgment.
How many have profited by thjs godly care I not to pass lightly away from the considera-
tiou of the grave responsibilities they assume
by a contrary course. The concern we now
have at heart and urge upon you is no new
or modern idea. The advices in our Book of
Discipline on the subjectof schools are replete
with similar admonitions, some of which date
back as far as the year 1746.
To accomplish the ends we have in view, it
is not sufiicient merelj' to provide schools
taught by members, and of a more restricted
attendance than those belonging to the State
systems. Parents and Committees should be
vigilant in seeing that corrupt habits and con-
versation, when manifested among the pupils,
be checked ; and if continued, the oftenders be
dismissed. Teachers should enter on their
labors as those who must give an account, not
only for faithfulness in scholastic instruction,
but in Christian life and example before the
youth, and for the use of all practical means
to instil sentiments of piety and virtue. The
Holy Scriptures should be read daily among
them, and a right qualification sought for to
of parents, and have risen up and called them
blessed for their faithfulness, even in the re-
straints that were irksome at the time ! From
the foundation of this Society, wherever it was
bearing most fruit to the praise of the Good
Husbandman, this care most flourished.
And we must not forget that the good efl'ect
of our watchfulness against harmful associa-
tion from without may be greatly weakened,
or entirely undone, if we are not careful that
our children are guarded against hurtful in-
fluences from persons of impure morals or
irreligious character in our households, our
workshops, and on our farms, as well as else-
where.
Though we have to make the humiliating
acknowledgment, that children less favored
than those of our Society are sometimes ex-
amples to them of correctness and purity of
conduct, these exceptions should not turn us
aside from the general truth, that our home
training makes our children, as regards mo-
rals, as well as for other considerations, the
156
THE FRIEND.
impress their precious truths on the hearts of
the pupils. The reading boolrs used should be
ciirel'ully selected, and all those which are ob-
jectionublo in principles or moral tone reject-
ed. We fear that the increased facilities for
the perusal of unprofitable literature afforded
by the public libraries that are growing up in
many neighborhoods, and the cheap maga-
zines and periodicals which so freely circuhite,
are exposing our children to evil influences
that many parents are not fully aware of, and
which demand renewed diligence to guard
them against.
The time is near at hand to all of us, when,
as the world recedes from our view, we shall
prize at a low estimate all earthly possession
or honors, or intellectual reputation for our
selves, and shall lightly esteem them for ou
offspring in comparison with an inheritance
with the saints in light. At that solemn hou
it will be an inexpressible solace to us to feel
that we have endeavored to be faithful to ou
trust as guardians of " the heritage of the
Lord." Let us therefore now, in our daytime,
seek to walk in that light which will illumin-
ate both their and our pathway to true peace,
and reveal the hidden dangers which beset
us on every band. With an humble reliance
on his mercy who invited the little children
to come unto him and receive his blessing,
and who used a child as a type of that lowli-
ness of heart which forms a necessary quali-
fication to enter his kingdom, we may come
boldly to the throne of grace for wisdom to
direct us in the responsible charge allotted to
us, and finall}', as we endure to lihe end, shall
render up our accounts with joy, and not with
grief.
Sacredness of a Promise.— Churloa James
Fox is said to have traced his own sense of
the sacredness of a promise to a lesson he got
from his father. Lord Holland, when he was
a boy. When home for ihe holidays and
walking with his father in the garden, his
father pointed to a wall which he intended to
have pulled down.
"Oh," said the boy, "I should like to see
a wall pulled down."
" Well, my boj', you shall," said the father.
The thing, however, escaped his memory,
and during the boy's absence a number of
improvements were made, and among them
this wall was torn down and a new one built
up in its place. When the boy came home
and saw it he said :
" Oh father, you promised to let me see that
wall torn down."
Instantly the father remembered his prom-
ise, and was deeply pained to think he had
seemed careless about his plighted word.
"My boy," ho said, "you are right, 1 did.
It is too late now to do just what I said I
would, but you wanted to see a wall pulled
down, and so you shall.
And he actually ordered the mason up and
made him pull down and rebuild the new wall,
that as nearly as possible his promise might
bo made good.
" It cost mo twenty pounds," he said to a
friend who was bantering him about it, "but,"
he said, " if it had cost a hundred pounds, I
should have thought it a cheap way of im-
pressing on my boy's mind, as long as he lives,
the importance that a man of honor should
attach to a plighted word.
Use temporal things but desire eternal.
ONLY.
Only .a worJ for the Master,
Lovingly, quietly said.
Only a word !
Yet the Master heard.
And some fainting hearts were fed.
Only a look of remonstrance.
Sorrowful, gentle, and deep.
Only a look !
Yet the strong man shook,
And he went alone to weep.
Only some act of devotion,
Willingly, joyfully done.
" Surely 'twas naught !"
(So the proud world thought)
But yet souls for Christ were won !
Only an hour with the children,
Pleasantly, cheerfully given.
Yet seed was sown
In that hour alone
Which would bring forth fruit for heaven !
" Only" — But Jesus is looking
Constantly, tenderly down
To earth, and sees
Those who strive to please ;
And their love he loves to crown.
— Charlotte Murray, in The Christian.
Selected.
GOLDEN EOD.
Sweet ferns within the hollow wave, wild roses climb
the wall.
And meek forget-me-nots creep near the leaping water-
fall ;
The summer days are passing by — slip on the shining
hours ;
We read the rubric of the leaves, and tell our beads in
flowers.
white as snow, now Haunt the
Now bloom til
lilies red ;
Now lifts the gladiolus high its sword to beauty wei
Now o'er the banks, in violet mist, the aster lightly
tlonts.
And trumpet-flowers seem to fling shrill music from
their throats.
O, rich and rare the loveliness that o'er the land we see.
From meadow's pride, beneath our feet, to vines that
wander free ;
From fiery sumac's fearless plume, or clover on the sod
But nothing wears a gladder smile than thine, fair
golden rod.
Brown hands of children hold thee fast, a treasure
proudly won,
And dimpled baby fingers gr.asp and toss thee in the sun;
Thy glittering wealth o'ertops the field, and many a
lonely place
Grows cheery 'neath the blessing and the brightness of
thy face.
For thou art on the hillside bare, where scant and
struggling sod.
And patient lichens, toiling slow, adorn the paths un-
trod;
Where sleep the saints of other days, by fickle man
forgot.
But held in tender care by God, whose goodness
changeth not.
Thewildling bee sings love to thee ; the yellow butterfly,
A moment poises on thy .stem, then silent flitteth by ;
All things who meet are blither for thy knightly bear-
ing g.iy,
O gentle flower of Summer's dower, the last to fade
away.
A girl who had been brought under thein-
ucnce of religion, when questioned as to the
evidence of the reality of tho change which
had taken place in her, rnade this reply.
Well! for one thing, I always sweep under
the mats now, and I never used to before!"
From the little acorn comes " the monarch
of the forest, pushing upward ever." Its
" 3s8on is perseverance.
for " Tlio Fri.nd
Thoughts and Feelings.
FAITH.
The necessity, virtue, and efficacy of livii
saving faith, is impressively set forth in t
words of the Apostle :' — " Without faith it
impossible to please God," &c. And of t
early day, the same inspired writer declari
"By it the elders obtained a good repor
By it they " subdued kingdoms, wrong
righteousness, obtained promises, stopped t
mouths of lions, quenched the violence of fi
escaped the edge of the sword, out of wee
ness were made strong," &c., while others e
dured cruel mockings and scourgings, bon
and imprisonment; " being destitute, afflict*
tormented ;" and all " that thej' might obta
a better resurrection." How clearly t
Apostle proves this faith to be what, in tl
beginning of the chapter to the Hebrews c
pccially devoted to the subject, he represen
to be " The substance of things hoped for, tl
evidence of things not seen."
While this is the faith that overcomes tl
world, and robs tho dark cold grave of i
victory, it is by no means at our beck or di
posal, to be stirred up or put on when and
weple.".se; but is the gift of God; and HI
all His other gifts must be waited for in th
submissive, reverential bowedness of so
which becomes such frail, dependent pilgrin
of earth unto and before an omnipotent Fathi
in heaven. If Jesus, without whom we ca
do nothing, be tho author and finisher of th
faith, then in and through Him alone, indi
putably, must lie the ability, the wisdom, tb
efficacy, the bestowal of saving faith — irai
whom is every good and perfect gift.
This faith begets a true-hearted obedienc
in life and conversation — that practical se:
vice to an invisible, yet omniscient Holy Oni
Through this, 6(/ grrace, wo are saved. Throng
this the humble faithful disciple is enabled t
quench all the fidry darts of the wicked. B
this the just are to live, as Paul testifies : " Th
life which I now live in the flesh, I live b
the faith of the Son of God, who loved me
and gave himself for me." It is through thi
faith in Christ Jesus that the Scriptures ar
ablo to make wise unto salvation. By virtu
of which, Moses chose " rather to suffer aiMic
tion with the people of God, than to enjoy th'
pleasures of sin for a season: and by whiclil
ho endured all that was permitted him, a>
seeing Him who is invisible." It was and i^
by and through this, that forgiveness of sinsi
and inheritance among them which arc sano
tified are to be received ; and whereby :ils<i
the saints of old were kept by the powor o\
God unto salvation. |
Our early Friends must have possessed thii
practical faith itt an eminent degree; elsJ
they could not have borne up against all th'
calumny, imprisonments, persecutions, some
times even unto death, which vvas almost uu
8])aringly heaped upon them because of thei
adherence to tho testimonies and gospel o
Jesus. But looking over this vain and fleet
ng world with the keen eye of faith, lik(
Israel's temporal ruler before spoken of, thoj
ndured as seeing Him who is invisible ; foi
like him too, they "had respect unto the re-
compense of tho reward."
Would that we, the descendants — shall ]
say the representatives — of professedly th€
same faith of these sons of the morning
might, in the faith and patience'^of the Lamb
rally to first principles. Might again lift the
THE FRIEND.
157
dard of good old fashioned Quakerism, and
d i)liimb witli nneompromising fidelity
d faiUifulness to the banner of the cross,
thej' so Doblj^ relifted, and to that faith
then, and now, and ever, is sufficient,
aiigh small as a grain of mustard seed, to
novo mountains; that so, building up our-
ves, through power from on high, on our
)St holy faith, we may be enabled to build
B waste places — the dilapidated walls — even
ublous times ; whereby the church may
ce more be established iu the faith ; and
lether by the prayers, the tears, the suff^^r-
^ or the service of sons and daughters, she
ly joyfullj- be seen coming " up from the
Iderness leaning upon her Beloved."
From the '• Amcricaa Jonrnal of Scionce and Arts."
Forest Geography and Areha-olosj-.
BY ASA GRAY.
CContiDoed from page 148. j
The difference in the composition of the
tlantic and Pacific forests is not less marked
that of the climate and geographical
^figuration to which the two are respec-
7ely adapted.
With some very notable exceptions, the for-
ts of the whole northern hemisphere in the
mperate zone (those that we are concerned
th) are mainly made up of the same or
iiilar kinds. Not of the same species ; for
relj' do identical trees occur in any two or
ore widely separated regions. But all round
e world in our zone, the woods contain Pines
d Firs and Larches, Cypresses and Junipers,
iks and Birches, Willows and Poplars, Maples
id Ai^hes and the like. Yet with all these
mily likenesses throughout, each region has
me peculiar features, some trees by which
6 country may at once be distinguished.
Beginning by a comparison of our Pacific
ith our Atlantic forest, I need not take the
me to enumerate the trees of the latter, as
all may be supposed to know them, and
any of ihe genera will have to be mentioned
drawing the contrast to which I invite you
tention. In this you will be impressed most
all, 1 think, with the fact that the greater
irt of our familiar trees are " conspicuous by
leir absence" from the Pacific forest.
For example, ifhas no Magnolias, no Tulip-
ee, no Papuw, no Linden or Basswood, and
very poor in Maples ; no Locust-tr
sither Flowering Locust nor Honey Locust
nor any leguminous tree ; no Cherry large
lOugh for a timber tree, like our wild Black
■y ; no Gum-trees (Nyssa nor Liquidam-
i.r), nor Sorrel- tree, norKalmia; no Persim-
on, or Bumelia; not a Holly; only one Ash
lat may be called a timber-iree; no Catalpa,
Sassafras ; not a single Elm, nor Hack-
rry ; not a Mulberrj', nor Planer tree, nor
:aclura; not a Hickory, nor a Beech, nor a
ue Chestnut, nor a Hornbeam ; barely one
irch tree, and that only far north, where the
fferences are less striking. But as to Con-
Brous trees, the only missing type is our
lald Cypress, the so-called Cypress of our
»uthern swamps, and that deficiency is made
p by other things. But as to ordinai-y trees,
you a»k what takes the place in Oregon and
alifornia of all these missing kinds, which
jre familiar on our side of the continent, 1
lUSt answer, nothing, or nearly nothing,
here is the Madrona (Arbutus) instead of
ur Kalmia (both really trees in some places);
nd there is the California Laurel instead of
ur southern Eed Bay tree. Nor iu any of
the genera common to the two does the Pa-
fic forcf^t equal the Athmtio in species. It
has not half as many Maples, nor Ashes, nor
Poplars, nor Walnuts, nor Birches, and those
t has are of smaller size and inferior quality ;
t has not half as many Oaks; and these and
the Ashes are of so inferior economical value,
that (as we are told) a passable wagon-wheel
cannot be made of California wood, nor a really
good one in Oregon.
This poverty of the western forest in species
and types may be exhibited graphically, in a
way which cannot fail to strike the eye more
impressively than when we say that, whereas
the Atlantic forest is composed of 66 genera
and 155 species, the Pacific forest has only
31 genera and 78 species.
Now the geographical areas of the two for-
ests are not very different. From the Gulf
of Mexico to the Gulf of St. Lawrence about
twenty degrees of latitude intervene. From
the southern end of California to the penin-
sula ot Alaska there are twenty-eight degrees,
and the»forest on the coast runs some degrees
north of this; the length may therefore makt
up for the comparative narrowness of the Pa
cific forest region. How can so meagre a
forest make so imposing a show ? Surely not
by the greater number and size of its indivi
duals, so far as deciduous (or more correctlj-
non-coniferous) trees are concerned ; for on
the whole they are inferior to their eastern
brethren in size if not in number of indivi-
duafs. The reasons is, that a larger propor-
tion of the genera and species are coniferous
trees; and these being evergreen (except the
Larches), of aspiring port and eminently gre-
garious habit, usually dominate where they
occur. While the east has almost three times
as many genera and four times as many spec
of non coniferous trees as the west, it 1
slightly fewer genera and almost one-half
fewer species of coniferous trees than the west.
That is, the Atlantic coniferous forest is re-
presented by 11 genera and 25 species; the
Pacific by 12 genera and 44 species.
Indeed, the Pacific forest is made up of
conifers, with non-coniferous trees as occa
sional undergrowth oras scattered individuals
and conspicuous only in valleys or in the
sparse tree-growth of plains, on which the
oaks at most reproduce the features of the
"oak openings" here and there bordering the
Mississippi prairie region. Perhaps the most
striking contrast between the west and the
cast, along the latitude usually traversed,
that between the spiry evergreens which the
traveller leaves when he quits California, and
the familiar woods of various-hued round-
headed trees which give him the feeling of
home when he reaches the Mississippi. The
Atlantic forest is particularly rich in these,
and is not meagre in coniferous trees. All
the glory of the Pacific forest is in its conif-
erous trees.
We may count the indigenous forest trees
of all Europe at 33 genera and 85 species.
And those of the Japan-Manchurian region,
of very much smaller geographical area, at
66 genera and 168 species. I here include in
it only Japan, Eastern Manchuria, and the
adjacent borders of China. The known species
of trees must be rather roughly determined ;
but the numbers here given are not exagger
ated, and are much more likely to be sensibly
increased b)' further knowledge than are those
of any of the other regions. Properly to es-
timate the surpassing richness of this Japan-
33
85
47
123
19
45
Manchurian forest, the comparative smallness
of geographical area must come in as an im-
portant consideration.
To complete the view, let it be noted that
the division of these forests into coniferous and
non-coniferous is, for the
Genera. Speciee.
European non-coniferous, . . 26 68
" coniferous, . . . 7 17
Japan-Manchurian non-coniferous
" coniferous, .
60 168
In other words, a narrow region in Eastern
Asia contains twice as many genera and about
twice as many species of indigenous trees as
are possessed by all Europe; and as to con-
iferous trees, the former has more genera than
the latter has species, and over twice and a
half as many species.
The only question about the relation of these
four forest regions, as to their component
species, which we can here pause to answer,
is to what extent they contain, trees of iden-
tical species. If we took the shrubs, there
would be a small number, if the herbs a very
considerable number, of species common to
the two New World and to the two Old World
areas respectively, at least to their northern
portions, even after excluding arctic alpine
plants. The same may be said, in its degree,
of the North Enrojiean flora compared with
the Atlantic North American, of the North-
east Asiatic compared with the northern part
of the Pacific North American, and also in a'
peculiar way (which I have formerly pointed
out and shall have soon to mention) of the
Northeastern Asiatic flora in its relations to
the Atlantic North American. But as to the
forest trees there is very little community of
species. Yet this is not absolutely wanting.
The Red cedar {Juniperus Virginiana) among
comfevoaBtreeSySxndPoptdustremuloides among
the deciduous, extend across the American
continent specifically unchanged, though hard-
ly developed as forest trees on the Pacific side.
There are probably, but not certainly, one or
two instances on the northern verge of these
two forests. There are as many in which
eastern and western species are suggestively
similar. TheHemlock Spruce of the Northern
Atlantic States, and the Yew of Florida are
extremely like corresponding trees of the Pa-
cific forest; indeed the Yew-trees of all four
regions may come to be regarded as forms of
one polymorphous species. The White Birch
of Europe and that of Canada and New Eng-
land are in similar case ; and so is the common
Chestnut (in America confined to the Atlantic
States), which on the other side of the world
is also represented in Japan. A link in the
other direction is seen in one spruce tree (call-
ed in Oregon Menzies Spruce) which inhabits
Northeast Asia, while a peculiar form of it
represents the species iu the Rockj^ Moun-
tains.
But now other and more theoretical ques-
tions come to be asked, such as these :
Why should our Pacific forest region, which
is rich and in some respects unique in conif-
erous, be so poor in deciduous trees ?
Then the two Big trees, Sequoias, as isolated
in character as in location, — being found only
in, California, and having no near relatives any
where, — how came California to have them?
Such relatives as the Sequoias have are also
58
THE FRIEND.
local, peculiar, and chiefly of one species to
each genus. Only one of them is American,
and that solely eastern, the Taxodium of our
Atlantic States and the plateau of Mexico.
The others are Japanese and Chinese.
Why should trees of six related genera,
■which will all thrive in Europe, be restricted
naturally, one to the eastern side of the Amer-
ican continent, one genus to the western side
and very locally, the rest to a small portion
of the eastern border of Asia?
Why should coniferous trees most affect and
preserve the greatest number of types in these
parts of the world ?
And why should the Northeast Asian re-
gion have, in a comparatively small area, not
only most coniferous trees, but a notably
larger number of trees altogether than any
other part of the northern temperate zone?
Why should its only and near rival be in the
antipodes, namely, here in Atlantic North
America? In other words, why should the
Pacific and the European forests be so poor
in comparison, and whj' the Pacific poorest of
all in deciduous, yet rich in coniferous trees?
♦ (To be continued.)
For "The Friend."
Mfmoraiula of Meetings.
6th mo. 15th, 1843. Samuel Bettle spoke
of the importance of a practical religion: not
only of entertaining sound doctrine, but of
scrupulously carrying it out in life: and of
experiencing a forgiveness of past sins through
the mercy of God, in Christ Jesus ; and main-
taining an upright walking before Him. We
are liable to sin daily, unless preserved through
the power of God. As a man beholdeth his
natural features in a glass, and goeth away
forgetting what manner of man he is, so are
we liable to foi-get; to be off our guard in spi-
ritual matters.
Thomas Kite supplicated for some who felt
themselves very little in the Divine sight, and
conceived it to be a mercy that his regard
extended eveti to them. He prayed the Lord
of the harvest in his own time to send forth
laborers into the harvest field. He asked that
the dark places of the earth, the habitations
of cruelty, might be made to hear the joyful
sound of the Gospel proclaimed to them; and
that the meeting might be enabled at this sea-
son, to worship the Lord God and the Lamb,
who is forever worth j\
6th mo. 18th. Thos. Kite quoted, "Enoch
walked with God, and was not ; for God took
him:" we may all walk with God. When it
was said, " I am the God of Abraham, of Isaac
and of Jacob," it had allusion to their living,
never-dying part ; for it was added, God is
not the God of the dead but of the living. The
Almighty in his dispensations does not retro-
grade ; what was of a spiritual nature among
the antediluvians was perpetuated in the
patriarchal times, and with any additional,
merged into the law; and still further was
not lost, but brought forward to the greater
manifestations in the Gospel day: as it were
the dim twilight of the morning, opening into
the bright blnzeoftheperfeciday. If any of us,
like the prodigal son, would go to the Father
and say (with the prodigal's feelings), "Father
I have sinned against Heaven, and in thy sight,
and am no more worthy to be called thy son ;"
He would mercifully compassionate our state,
as He did that of the prodigal, who had spent
his substance in riotous living; and when he
had a just view of himself and was reduced to
extremity, he was willing to feed on the husks.
Thomas encouraged to faithful obedience, and
quoted the passage, " Come out from among
them and be ye separate; touch not theunclean
thing, and I will receive you, and will be a
Father unto you, and ye shall be my sons and
daughters, saith the Lord Almighty."
In the afternoon T. Kite again spoke, be-
ginning with, Verily thou art a God that hid-
est thyself, Oh I God of Israel, the Saviour.
At times, all the servants of the Lord have
their faith tried ; the patriarch Jacob wrest-
led all night for the blessing, and prevailed.
Some passages of Scripture had occurred
sweetly to him. Some might come and sit
the greater part of a meeting through, per-
haps the whole of it, or several meetings, with-
out having tUe access to the living fountain
they had once been favored with ; still he
offered the language of encouragement to
them, to persevere in jjatient waiting.
Gulielraa Widdowfield, in a weak voice, en-
couraged to patient waiting, watching unto
prayer, &c. Her mind had been bumbled
under a sense that there were some present
who after the heads of some of the present
aged ones were laid low, would have to be-
come judges as at the first, and counsellors
as in the beginning, though at present occu-
pying obscure stations. She expressed the
desire that the aged ones who had found
Christ to be their morning light, might find
Him to be their evenina; song.
The German Military.
A foreign correspondent of the National
Baptist, thus refers to the military system of
Germany, which is a heavy burden on the
resources of the country, and a most fruit-
ful source of demoralization and irreligion.
" In Berlin there are about thirty thousand
soldiers, considerably more than the whole
standing army of the United States — and
Germany is at peace. At Potsdam, half an
hour from Berlin by rail, the garrison, seven
thousand men, is equal to about one-sixth of
the population of the town.
Every German, unless specially exonerated,
is required to be a soldier for twelve years;
three years of active service, four years in the
Reserve, and five years in the Landwehr.
The service begins at the age of twenty-one
years. The first three years are taken solidly
out of a man's life; he is a soldier, and nothing
else. It is understood that many young men
emigrate in order to escape this serious obli-
gation. In the Reserve and the Landwehr,
in peacetimes, the service is hardly more than
nominal.
The government looks over the religious
welfare of the troops. They are marched to
the garrison churches every Sunday morning ;
and if the churches cannot contain them all,
they go in detachments by turns. But the
soldiers do not relish this kind of church-
going.
At nine o'clock, each evening, the men are
drawn up in company line to say their pray-
ers. It must be an edifying sight to see a
company praying by word of command, the
orders given, perhaps, by an officer who omits
no opportunity of cursing the men on other
occasions. The length of time to allow for
this act of devotion is a delicate point to de-
cide. One officer, after mature consideration,
fi.^ed upon thirty-seven seconds, after which
it was understood that the ear of Heaven
would be closed for the night. It would be
of rare interest to know upon what data th
oflicer based his close and critical decisioi
why, for instance, he threw in the odd sevt
seconds, instead of stopping with a clean ha
minute !
I have seen reports of habitual cruelty \
the men, on the part of non-commissione
officers. These cruelties are said to be pia
tised especially by Prussian officeis in tl
provincial districts. It is very difficult fc
the victims to protect themselves. The
own unsupported complaints are not sufi
cient, and would probably only aggravat
their trouble. And their comrades hesitat
to give their testimony for fear of makin
serious trouble for themselves. In this siti
atioD, some of the victims grow desponden
and it is believed that this is a partial expU
nation of the numerous suicides in the armj
Here is an offence that smells to heaven ; an
it has, I believe, also reached the olfactorif
of the German rulers, and an investigatio
has been ordered. These brutal non-com mil
sioned officers probably lead the nine o'cloc
devotions. What emotions — what dark pa:
sions of hate and revenge — what scorn of n
ligion, as thus represented, — must agital
some of the men whose heads are bowed i
seeming worship!"
After sitting sometime, and feeling the in
difference which prevails in many on the sul
ject of religion, I was led to advert to the cii
cumstance, that persons engaging in any bus
iness to obtain a livelihood, must be awar
that it could not be advantageously conductei
without steady attention and diligence. V
uable crops could not be expected from thei
farms, if thej' work industriously for a shor
time, and then leave it; proper sj'stem am
diligence are necessary to i nsure good returns
everything being done in its season, and care
fully looked after. So in the great work o
salvation, which is of far greater moment thar
the provision for these tabernacles of clay
No advancement can be expected by those
who for a shoi-t time, give up to the convic:
tions of duty, and then conclude they majl
forbear, and let the work drop for awhile j
perhaps they think, until they have mon
leisure, or have accomplished some worldljl
project. They may suppose religion can bd
taken up when they please; but it is out o;,
our power to command one of the days of the
Son of Man, by whom alone the work is begun
d perfected. None know whether He wil
ever again renew those heavenly visitations
There is a day granted in which man may
work; but he may out-sin that day. It will
then be impossible for him to work, and the
things that belong to his peace will be hid
from his eyes, as it was declared respecting
the people of Jerusalem. They were earnestly
labored with, to persuade every one deeplj
to consider these things, and to lay hold of
the offers of Divine Grace; that they may
glorify God in their day, and be made par-
takers of the hope of the gospel, even the sal-
vation of the amxi.— Journal of Wni. Evans.
In the diary of Jonathan Burnyeat, under
date of 1706, he mentions being at Dublin
Half Year's meeting, of which he says : —
" There were some weighty matters recom-
mended to the nation from the chamber meet-
ing (which consists of faithful Friends out of
every province, [including] ministers), about
the education of Friends' children, as putting
THE FRIEND.
159
tem to trades, not to keep tbein at school
p loni?, nor to put them to high trades
ove their abilities, but to handicraft [busi-
sss], as carpenters, weavers, shoemakers,
. ; that so the creation mif^ht be supplied,
d Friends' children relieved out of idleness
d hurtful things. These things were spoken
by Friends, but more especially by our an-
•fut and honorable Friend, William Edmund-
who spoke with great authority."
s there not need of the same caution at
8 daj-; that in seeking employment forour
^Idren, we do not seek "great things" for
em in a worldly sense, but rather train them
1 that moderation of their desires, which
mid make them content with such business
it is within their ability to manage?
Carrying Their Own Brimstone. — After a
•vice in a place where the people had been
good deal bewildered by a preacher who
bepted only so much of the Bible as suited
'i whims, a man stepped up to me, and said
!a canting voice :
:" Bishop, do you believe in a hell ?"
I said, "Are you anxious to know what 1
Ink of hell?"
" Yes," said he.
" Well," said I, "the best answer I have
ler heard came from a poor negro woman,
e had a young niece who sorely tried the
loreoul. The more she struggled to keep
is wilful charge in the right way, the more
B seemed to wander. One day, after hear-
ew preacher, the niece came bounding
lo the room, and said :
"Aunty, I ain't gwine to believe in a hell
more. Ef dar is any hell I jest wants to
ow where dey gets all dcre brimstone for
t place ; dat's 'zactly what I would like to
ow.'
"The old woman fixed her eyes on her, and
th a tear on her cheek, said, |
■ ' Ah, honej- darlin', 3'ou look out you don't
dare, for you'll find dey all takes dere own
mstone wid urn.' "
I then said, "Is there any other question
theology you would like to ask?"
" Xo," said he.
And he went home, I hope with a new idea
t sin brings sorrow, and that to be saved
)d deliverance from sin. Some men
ry " their own brimstone" even in this
irid. — Bishop Whipple.
he British Friend for the Twelfth month
ntions, that in the last Quarterly Meeting
London, a strong expression took place in
or of replacing Barclay's Catechism in our
ools, and in the hands of the young. All
o know the work (and some did), spoke of
peculiar value and suitability, and how it
d been a strength to them.
Let us make a stand on the ancient ways,
and then look about us, and discover what is
the straight and right way, and walk in it. —
Fro7n a ivriter of last Century on Innovation.
"Were all men to bring together their bur-
dens of sorrow to be equally divided, each on
reflec
ion would choose his own. — Soc
rates.
THE
FRIEND.
TWELFfH
MONTH 28, 1878.
A letter from a Friend travelling on the
intinent says, that in Hungary during the
;t 16 years, there has sprung up a religious
dy called the Nazarencs, who refuse mili-
ry service, will not take oaths, and in other
spects are very like Friends. He says that
,6 new converts are all from the very lowest
nks of the people, but their great industry
d strict integrity quickly raise them in the
cial scale. Their houses are models of clean-
less. They are greatly respected through-
t Hungary for their many virtues and ex-
iplary conduct. There may be in all 10,000
them in Hungary.
VVe have received two communications from
Friends of Bloomfield, Ontario, criticising the
article recently published in our columns from
the pen of Thomas Clark, in reference to the
separation in Norwich Monthly Meeting. The
writers reside in a part of the Yearly Meeting
quite remote from that in which the separa-
tion occurred. With some omissions the com-
munication first received is as follows :
"My attention having been drawn to an
article in "The Friend" of llih mo. 30th,
signed Thomas Clark, I felt unwilling that
the numerous readers of that Journal should
be led astray bj- such a one-sided statement.
As I have never attended any of the meet-
ings in Pelham Quarter, I shall leave to A. S.
and the members of that meeting to explain
the causes that have led to the present sor-
rowful state of afiairs there, but shall confine
myself, as nearly as possible, to what took
place at our Yearly Meetings in 1877, and
1878.
In 1875 a strong effort was made to change
the Clerk, Pelham sending no less than eleven
representatives, but we were obliged to re-
port we could not agree. In 1876 the same
diflSeulty, I understood, existed, but they pro-
posed the old Clerk. In 1877 they succeeded
in getting W. Spencer in as Clerk, he having
been Clerk of Pelham Quarterly Meeting,
when they decided that Norwich Friends
should take no part in the business of that
meeting. When the Yearly Meeting con-
vened, a paper was laid on the table, signed
by twenty-six men Friends of Norwich Meet-
ing, stating their case and asking. relief from
the Y'eurly Meeting, which was couched in
respectful, temperate language. When the
attention of the meeting was at length drawn
to it (either the third or fourth session), one
of the members of Pelham Quarter, who has
taken a very active part in their difficulties,
at once suggested that the Clerk should nomi-
nate three Friends to examine it, and report
to a future sitting. Before Friends could
have proper time to protest against so unusual
a proceeding, the Clerk acted upon it by
nominating Thomas Clark and two others to
that service ; but without entering it on the
minutes. I can only say that to any one ac-
quainted with the nominees of the Clerk, the
result could not be for a moment doubtful.
They reported that it was not proper to in-
troduce it to the meeting. T. Clark says,
"the attention of the Yearly Meeting not
having been called to it in a constitutional
way, there was a peculiar difficulty in the
Yearly Meeting trespassing upon the jurisdic-
tion of Pelham Quarter, by dealing uninvited
with one of its Monthlies." How the Nor-
wich Friends were to bring their difficulties
under the notice of the Yearly Meeting in a
constitutional way when one Monthly Meet-
iing usurped the authority of the Quarterly
Meeting and would not forward it, T. C. does
not tell us.
" In 1878, two sets of minutes from Pelham
being produced, a committee of men and wo-
men was appointed to examine them. What ■
took place in the committee I cannot tell, not
being one of them, but I know the committee
did not all attend, and one who did (not one
of the seven) told me that so strong were the
objections urged against the words 'prevail-
ing sense,' that she thought T. Clark had
omitted them, which she considered was more
agreeable to the truth. When the report was
read in the Yearly Meeting, I asked the meet-
ing to pause before they coiifirmed the dis-
ownment of more than forty Friends (many
of them ministers and elder.s), and proposed
that neither set of minutes be received, but
the Friends on both sides be allowed the full
privileges of the meeting, and a judicious com-
mittee be appointed to attend that meeting
and try to restore harmony. As the party
who controlled the meeting would not listen
to any thing of that sort, many of us left iu
disgust and returned home. Before I left the
Clerk mentioned that two epistles were re-
ceived from Western Yearly Meeting, and
nominated two Friends to examine them, who
retired for a short time and reported the one
signed B. C. Hobbs was the one to read.
"T. C. says, ' he thinks it will be news to
Friends of Canada to hear that any portion
of their members have adopted any peculiar
theory of the Plymouth Brethren, or that the
real issue between the Norwich Friendsrested
wholly upon the use of artificial music' The
latter p.irt of the quotation of the words of
A. S. 1 consider to be mere garbling of what
he intends to convey. The former part T. 0.
may ' think' or believe, he living in the com-
pass of a small indulged meeting where travel-
ling Friends do not always stop, and his
health will not permit him to get much from
home ; but I can assure him that we at West
Lake are painfully aware that doctrines are
proclaimed and practices introduced into our
meetings which are totally at variance with
Friends' principles : whether they form any
part of the theory of the Plymouth Brethren
I know not, being ignorant of their peculiar
theories. Not long since one of those New-
lights from the West (certified to us as a
minister) on entering the meeting-house, and
before taking his seat, 'thanked God he did
not have to wait for the Holy Spirit to set
him to work, as he could go to work of him-
self at once.' Another told us more than
once, 'that if we forsook our sins, which was
repentance, and believed in Jesus, our salva-
tion was accomplished.' ' That Christ did not
visit the hearts of the unconverted, but only
after we went to work for him,' &c. ' That
salvation did not require days or months or
years, but could be accomplished at once.'
'That the converted soul never experienced
sorrow or suffering, but was always happy
and cheerful,' with more of the like import;
and these doctrines were not proclaimed by
a few, but frequently by those travelling as
ministers. One of our own members, who
seems to practise what he preaches in that
respect, has told us that ' we had no occasion
to sit in silence five minute^, not even one
I minute, but should go to work at once.' Con-
'gregational singing has also been introduced
[into appointed meetings; and when I remon-
strated with a prominent Methodist at his
I taking part in it, his reply was, that ' he had
160
THE FRIEND.
been specially invited as having a good voice,
and that it was a Quaker lady that led it off.'
I need not tell thy readers, or even T. C, that
such are not the doctrines or way of worship
of Friends.
In conclusion I can say, that I also have
passed my three score years and ten, and the
principles of the Society in which I had a
birthright, were never dearer to mo than at
the present time, and having enjoyed an in-
timate acquaintance and unbroken friendship
-with T. 0. since wo were young, I am deeply
grieved that one whom I have ever consider-
ed to be one of the ablest exponents of our
principles of my acquaintance should, in his
declining years, constitute himself the apolo-
gist and co-worker of a party who are trying
to ignore and trample on the precious testi-
monies that our forefathers suffered and died
for. And I firmly believe, that unless the
Church will forsake those false gods that she
seems to be now bent on worshipping, and
come back to her first love, she will become,
like Israel of old, a hissing and a byword to
the nations around her.
William Valentine.
Bloomfield, Oat., 12tli mo. 10th, 1S78."
The second communication is signed by
Levi Varney, and corroborates the views ex-
pressed by Wm. Valentine. It says: "The
difficulties existing in Pelham Quarterly Meet-
ing, are not confined to Friends in Canada,
but are found in all the Yearly Meetings, and
the cause is the same, — a departure from the
doctrines and the practices of our religious
Society. The trouble in this Yearly Meeting
has grown out of the professions and acts of
a portion of its members, which are clearly
set forth in ' a Statement issued by Norwich
Monthl}' Meoling,' and by which it appears
that the remarks of A. S. were correct."
As a member of the Yearly Meeting's com
mittee in the case of Pelham Quarterly Meet-
ing, L. Varney speaks more particularly of
T. Clark's account of what took place therein,
which he appears to think calculated to " con-
vey to strangers a wrong impression," espe-
cially the statement that the reportdrawn up
by 'i. Clark, was adopted by the committee
" without any expressed dissent." In refer-
ence to this he says: "By more than one or
two of the committee, he was requested to
change the wording of [the report], being dis-
tinctly told that to say 'it was the prevailing
judgment of the committee, &c., was too full.'
Eut there was an apparent unwillingness to
make any change, or even to hear any ob-
jections."
The testimony borne by these two Friends,
that a departure from the doctrines long be-
lieved in and upheld by the Society of Friends
was the fundamental cause of the dissensions
■which have arisen among Friends in Canada,
we believe to be true; and we have no doubt
that similar causes are producing similar
effects in various other parts of the Church.
In saying this wo by no means wish to imply
that all who take part on one side of a dis-
pute so awakened are doctrinally right, and
all on the other side doctrinally wrong in
their own sentiments; for a multitude of
secondary influences often operate, which
materially modify the actions and feelings of
individuals, and cause thom in many cases to
lose sight of the original point of divergence.
Wo believe a serious responsibility rests
upon meetings of Friends which scud forth
with credentials of unity ministers holding
and ])reaching such sentiments as William
Valentine has heard proclaimed by some vis
itors. Neither do we see how the elders and
concerned members of meetings where such
visitors come, can discharge their dutj' to the
flock over which they are overseers; unless
they take measures to guard them against
such unsound doctrine. Unless more care in
these respects is maintained, we fear that
division and discord will continue and in-
crease, and that happy day will be put far off,
when we can from blessed exjierience adopt
the language of the Psalmist, "Behold how
good and how pleasant it is, for brethren to
dwell together in unity."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — During the past week Congress
adopted a bill appropriating $50,000 for the expenses
of the yellow fever commission. Also a bill appro-
priating $4-50,000 for the railway mail service The
Senate considered several of the appropriation bills
passed by the House, and they were amended and re-
turned ; Blaine's resolution of inquiry into the Southern
elections also passed with Thurman's amendment, ex-
tending the inquiry to some other States. On the 20th
both Houses adjourned to the 7th of next month.
The Postmaster General in his last report says, the
city free collection and delivery system, pays better
than any other branch of the service, it having yielded
a profit of $628,084 for the year. The United Stales
has no foreign mail service, beyond the agreements
made with certain lines of steamers, to divide the post-
ages received for foreign mails,, paying over to such
lines certain sums received on mailing letters for Eu-
rope. The entir9 sum paid for sea postages for the
year was $197,276.
The Secretary of the Treasury has authorized the
payment of the interest due next month on the public
debt, in coin or currency at the option of the holder
A call has been issued for the $10,996,100 of 5-20 con-
sols of 1865, being the residue of these bonds outstand-
ing, not included in previous calls.
At the close of business on the 16th inst., the Trea-
sury of the United States held $228,100,301 in coin.
The Treasurer expects to have on the first of the year,
exclusive of all demands, $135,000,000 in coin, with
which to resume specie payments.
Gold was quoted at par on the 17th inst., for the first
time since 1862. Since the suspension of .specie pay-
ments in 18G1, the highest price to which gold attained
was 285, in the year 1864.
A circular ha.s been issued by the Secretary of tlie
Treasury authorizing the collectors of the .several ports
to cause an inspection to be made of cattle proposed to
be shipped to Great Britain. This is in accordance
with a telegram from that country, announcing that
cattle imported into Liverpool will be slaughtered at
that point unless they are accompanied by a certificate
of health from the place of export.
There has been an increase of 439 schools in South
Carolina during the past year. The school attendance
is 116,239 ; of this number 62,121 are colored pupils.
The increase in attendance since last year is 13,843.
There are 2091 white teachers, and 1026 colored— only
49 of the whole number being Northerners. Male
teachers receive average monthly wages of $121.66, and
female the disproportionate amount of *38.70.
The total cost of education in West Virginia for the
past year is e.stimated at $686,818.31. There has been
a large increase of attendance, and a corresponding re-
duction in expenses.
The annual report of the Public Printer in Washing-
ton, shows the cost to the Government of the printing,
binding, engraving, lithographing, &c., for the last
fiscal year was $1,638,700.
The number of deaths in this city for the week end-
ing on the 21st, was 286.
Market% (6c. —Gold 100. U. S. sixes, 1881. regis-
tered, 106J, coupon, 109J ; 5's, ]06g ; 4i per cents, 104!;
4's 100.1; 5-20's, 1867, registered, 102|, coupon, 105:f;
do. 1808, registered, 106, coupon, 109.
Cotton. — Middling.s sold in lots at 9 a 9J cts. per lli.
Petroleum.— Crude 7J cts. in barrels, and standaiil
white at 8} cts. for export, and III al2J cts. per galh.ii
for home use.
Flour— Prices were lower. Penna. extra, $3 50 a $4 ;
Miimesota extra, $4.50 a $4.62J ; Ohio extra familv,
14.50 a $5 ; patent and other high grades, $7.75 a $8.
Rveflonr, $2.75 a ?3 0!). C-.rn iolmI, $2.05 a $2.6
Feed— Bran, $14 a $14.:iii lu-i- inn.
Grain.— Wheat a fnirii,.,, l,,wci— red $1 a $1.06J
amber, $1.06i a $1.07^ ; white, $1.07 a >^1.08. Rye, I
a 57 cts. Corn, western yellow, 45 a 47 cts. ; Penn
and southern, 47 a 48 cts. Oats, fair and good, 30 a S
cts. ; choice, 32 a 33 cts.
Seeds. — Clover, 5j a 6| cts. per pound. Flaxseei
$1.35 a %l.Zl\ per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 55 a 65 cts. per IC
pounds ; mixed, 45 a 55 cts. Straw, 60 a 70 cts.
Beef cattle were in steady demand, 2600 head arrive
and sold at 5} a 6 cts. for extra ; 4.} a 5 cts. for fair t
good, and 3^ a 4 cts. per pound gross for commoi
Sheep, Z\ a f)\ cts. per pound, as to condition. Hog
3| a 4^ cts. per pound.
FoEEiON. — Parliament adjourned on the 17th ing(
to the 13th of 2nd rao. next. Before adjournment tb
resolutions that the House consent to the defrayal (
the expenses of the Afghan war, from the Indian ri
sources was adopted. Stafford Northcote, in course i
the debate, expressed the hope that the war was nearl
ended.
Additional failures in the iron business are reportei
Great distress prevails among the lahoring poor. 1
Stoke-on-Trent the Distress Committee is unable ■
keep pace with the demands. A Liverpool dispatc
says, it is many years since the working classes hai
endured such distress and privations as now. Simili
reports come from other parts of the Kingdom. Tl
weather is reported very severe, especially in Scotlam
where railroad trains are snowed up and traffic su
pended. It is said to be the heaviest snowfall fi
thirty years— in some places it is over twelve feet dee
Great Britain imported during the last fiscal yea
£99,600,000 of cereals and live and dead meat, and til
excess of imports over exports during that time w4
£146,000,000. I
Bayard Taylor, United States Minister at the Coui
of Berlin, died on the 19th inst. ;
Serious trouble is reported to have arisen in Ru.ssv
between the Government and the students. A lar^
number of the latter have been arrested; the cause |
the difficulties is not clearly given in the disp.atches. '
It is stated that instructions have been sent to tt
Russian Mission at Cabul to withdraw.
The American consul at Constantinople will not it
lease Romen, the alleged American citizen imprison!
there, as the Grand Vizier informs him that pro^
exists of his guilt. It is thought the Porte will d
mand his expulsion.
A telegram from Jellalabad on the 23d, annouuci
that the English forces took possession of the city <
that date. The inhabitants are reported friendly. Tf
Ameer is said to have left Cabul, and gone to Turl
istan.
WANTED
A well qualified teacher for Friends' Select Scho
for Girls, in this city. To enter upon duty early „
practicable. Apply to
Tliomas Lippincott, 920 Franklin St.
John W. Biddle, 726 Buttonwood St.
Annie Rhoads, 224 North Twelfth St. i
Rebecca W. Kite, 459 North Fifth St.
Philada. 12th mo. 1878.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) PhiladelpUti]
Physician and Superintendent — John C. Hall, M. '
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board |
Managers. i
Married, in Friend.s' Meeting, Somerset, Niagal
Co., N. Y., on Fourth-day, Twelfth month llth, IS;
George Balderston, of Colora, Md., to Myra r
daughter of Levi H. Atwater, of the former place. 1
Died, on the 14th of llth month, 1878, Miriam :|
wife of John Thomas, in the 61st year of her agej
member and elder of Hickory Grove Monthly and W'
Cedar Particular Meeting, We<t Branch, Iowa. Nc
the close of her life, when a silence had settled on
in the room, she remarked " O what a peaceful quiet
iinii :it,':iiii afUTw.irds, " There is astillne.ss that is betl
thin woi.l-." Hiving lived a very exemplary ai
( 111 i-ii;iii liiV, lui- bereaved and sorrowing relativ
have the coiiilorting hope that their great loss is li
eternal gain.
WILLIAM H.piLE,"pRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL, LII.
SEV^ENTH-DAY, FIRST MONTH 4, 1879.
NO. 21.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice, if paid ia advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postageon thosesentby mail.
Sibscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
lT so. 116 SORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
From the '-Ameiionu Journal of Sci.-nce imJ Arts."
Forest Geography and Arcluealogy.
BY ASA GRAY.
(Continaed from page 15S.)
Tho first step tovvai-d an e.xplanalion of the
.pei-ior richness in trees of these antipodal
igions, ia to note some striking similarities
' the two, and especially the number of pecii-
ir tj'pes which they divide between them,
he ultimate conclusion may at length be
intured, that this richness is normal, and
Kit what we really have to explain is the
)sonce of so many forms from Europe on the
le hand, from Oregon and California on the
;her. Let me recall to mind the list of kinds
. e. genera) of trees which enrich our Atlantic
irest bit are wantiug to that of the Pacific,
"ow almost all these recur, in mora or less
milar bat not identical species, in Japan,
"orth China, &c. Some of them are likewise
uropean, but more are not so. Extending
le comparison to shrubs and herbs, it more
pd more appears, that the forms and t3'pes
■hich we count as peculiar to our Atlantic
3gioD, when we compare them, as we first
aturallj^do, with Europe and with our West,
ave their close counterparts in Japan and
[orth China ; some in identical species (espe-
ially among the herbs), often in strikingly
imiiar ones, not rarely as sole species of pecu-
lar genera or in related generic types. 1 was
ver3' young botanist when I began to notice
bis; and I have from lime to time made lists
I such instances. Evidences of this remark-
jbte relationship have multiplied j-ear after
[ear, until what was long a wonder has come
p be so common that 1 should now not be
jreatly surprised if a Sarraeenia or a Diontea,
ir their like, should turn up in Eastern Asia,
''ery few of such isolated types remain with-
lut counterparts. It is as if Nature, when
Jie had enough species of a genus to go round,
ealt them fairly, one at least to each quarter
if our zone ; but when she had only two of
[ome peculiar kind gave one to us and the
,ther to Japan, Manchuria, or the Himalayas
vhon she had oul^' one, divided these between
'he two partners on the opposite side of the
able. ■ As to number of species generally, it
Sannot be said that Europe and Pacific North
\.merica are at all in arrears. But as to trees
sither the contrasted regions have been ex-
■eptionally favored, or these have been hardly
lealt with. There is, as I have intimated,
lome reason to adopt the latter alternative.
We may take it for granted that the indi-
nous plants of any country, particularly
the trees, have been selected by climate.
Whatever other infliences or circumstances
have been brought to bear upon them, or the
trees have brought to bear on each other, no
tree could hold its place as a member of any
forest or flora which is not adapted to endure
even tho extremes of the climate of the region
or station. But the character of the climate
will notexpluin the remarkable paucitj'of the
trees which compose the indigeu'ius European
forest. That is proved by experiment, sufti
ciently prolonged in certain cases to justify
the inference. Probably there is no tree of
the northern temperate zone which will not
h in some part of Europe. GreatBritain
alone can grow double or treble the number
of trees that the Atlantic States can. In all
the latter we can grow hardly one tree of the
Pacific coast. England supports all of them,
and all our Atlantic trees also, and likewise
the Japanese and North Siberian species,
which do thrive here remarkably in some
part of the Atlantic coast, especiallj- the
ooler temperate ones. The poverty of the
European sylva is attributable to the absence
of our Atlantic American types, to its having
no Magnolia, Liriodendron, Asimina, Negun-
do, no J^iculus, none of that rich assemblage
of Leguminous trees represented by Locusts,
Honey-Locusts, Gymnocladus, and Cladrastis
(even its Cercis, which is hardly European,
s like the Californian one mainly a shrub);
10 Nyssa, nor Liquidambar ; no Ericaceae
rising to a tree ; no Bumelia, Catalpa, Sassa-
fras, Osage Orange, Hickory, or Walnut ; and
as to Conifers, no Hemlock, Spruce, Arbor-
ita3, TaxoJium, nor Torreya. As compared
ith Northeastern Asia, Europe wants most of
these same types, also the Ailanlhus, Gingko,
and a goodly number of coniferous genera.
I cannot point to any types tending to make
up the deficiency, that is, to any not either
in East North America or in Northeast Asia,
or in both. Cedrus, the true Cedar, which
comes near to it, is only North African and
Asian. I need not say that Europe has no
Sequoia, and shares no special tj'pe with
California.
Now the capital fact is, that many and per-
haps almost all of these genera of trees were
well represented in Europe throughout the
later Tertiary times. It had not only the
same generic types, but in some cases even
the same species, or what must pass as such,
in the lack of recognizable distinctions bet ween
fossil remains and living analogues. Probably
the European Miocene forest was about as
rich and various as is ours of the present day,
and very like it. The Glacial period came and
passed, and these types have not survived
there, nor returned. Hence the comparative
poverty of the existing European sylva, or at
least, the probable explanation of the absence
of those kinds of trees which make the charac
teristic difference.
Why did these trees perish out of Europe
but survive in America and Asia? Before wo
enquire how Europe lost them, it may bo well
to ask, how it got them. How came these
American trees to bo in Europe? And among
the rest, how came Europe to have Sequoias,
now represented only by our two Big trees of
California ? It actually possessed two species
and more; one so closely answering to the
Redwood of the Coast Ranges, and another
so verj' like the Sequoia gigantea of the Sierra
Nevad.i, that, if such fossil twigs with leaves
and cones had been exhumed in California
tead of Europe, it would confidently be
rmed that we had resurrected the veritable
ancestors of our two giant trees. Indeed, so
nay probably be. " Cce.lun non aniniam
mutant," &j., may be applicable even to such
wide wanderings and such vast intervals of
time. If the specific essence has not changed,
and even if it has suffered some change, gen-
ealogical connection is to be inferred in all
such cases.
That is, in these days it is taken for granted
that individuals of the same species, or With
a certain likeness throughout, had a single
birthplace, and are descended from the same
took, no matter how widely separated they
may have been either in space or time, or
both. The contrary supposition maybe made,
was seriously entertained by some not
vcrj' long ago. It is even supposable that
plants and animals originated where they now
are, or where their remains are found. But
this is not science: in other words it is not
conformable to what we now know, and is an
assertion that scientific explanation is not to
be sought.
Furthermore, when species of the same
genus are not found almost everywhere, they
are usually grouped in one region, as are the
Hickories in the Atlantic States, the Asters
and Golden-rods in North America and pre-
vailingly on the Atlantic side, the Heaths in
Western Europe and Africa. From this we
are led to the inference that all species closely
related to each other have had a common
birth-place and origin. So that, when we find
individuals of a species or of a group widely
out of the range of their follows we wonder
how they got there. When we find the same
species all round the hemisphere, we ask how
this dispersion came to pass.
Now, a very considerable number of species
of herbs and shrubs, and a few trees, of the
temperate zone are found all round the north-
ern hemisphere ; many others are found part
way round, — some in Europe and Eastern
Asia; some in Europe and our Atlantic States:
many, as I have said, in the Atlantic States
and Eastern Asia; — fewer (which is curious)
common to Pacific States and Eastern Asia,
nearer though these countries be.
We may set it down as useless to try to ac-
count for this distribution by causes now in
operation and opportunities now afforded, i. e.,
for distribution across oceans by winds and
iCurrents, and birds. These moans play their
1G2
THE FRIEND.
part in dispersion from place to place, by step
after step, but not from conti cent to continent
except for few things and in a subordinate
way.
Fortunately wc are not obliged to have re-
course to overstrained suppositions of what
might possibly have occurred now and then,
in the lapse of time, by the chance convey-
ance of seeds across oceans, or even from one
mountain to another. The plants of the top
of the White Mountains and of Labrador are
mainly the same; but we need not suppose
that it is so because birds have carried seeds
from the one to the other.
I take it that the true explanation of the
whole problem comes from a just general view,
and not through piecemeal suppositions of
chances. And I am clear that it is to be found
by looking to the north, to the state of things
at the arctic zone, — first, as it now is, and
then as it has been.
North of our forest-regions comes the zone
unwooded from cold, the zone of arctic vege-
tion. In this, as a rule, the species are the
same round the world ; as exceptions, some
are restricted to a part of the circle.
(To bo continued.)
Testimonies of Profane 'iVriters to the credibility of the
New Testament,
Extrncled from Home's Introduction to the Holy
Scriptures.
Striking as is the evidence for the credi-
bility and truth of the facts and events related
in tlie Old Testament, furnished by natural
and civil history, the books of the New Testa-
ment are verified in a manner still more illus-
trious; these books being written, and the
facts mentioned in them being transacted,
during the times of Augustus, Tiberius, and
the succeeding Cajsars. The learned and most
exact Dr. Lardner has collected from profane
writers a variety of important testimonies to
the truth of the New Testament, in the first
part of his "Credibility of the Gospel History,"
and also in his "Jewish and Heathen Testi-
monies;" from which elaborate works the
following particulars are chiefly abridged.
The results of his observations may be ar-
ranged under the following heads ; viz. Tes-
timonies of Jewish and Pagan authors to the
account of princes and governors mentioned
in the New Testament; — Testimonies to the
character of the Jewish and heathen nations,
which are either directly mentioned, or inci-
dentally alluded to therein ; — Testimonies of
Jewish adversaries to the name and faith of
Christ; — Testimonies of Pagan adversaries
to the character of Jesus Christ, and also rela-
tive to the doctrines, character, innocency of
life, and constancj' of the first Christians in
the profession of their faith.
Testimonies of Jewish and Pagan Authors to
the Account of Princes and Governors men-
tioned in the New Testament.
Josephus and various heathen writers men-
tion Herod, Archelaus, Pontius Pilate, and
other peiBons, whose names occur in the New
Testament ; and they differ but little from the
evangelical historians, concerning their oflSce
and characters.
1. From the New Testament wo learn that
Jesus was born at Bothehcm of Judaia in the
days of Herod the king; and Josephus in-
forms us that a prince of that name reigned
over all Judffia for thirty-seven years, oven
to the reign of Augustus. Concerning this
Herod, Matthew (ii. 1 — IG,) relates that he
commanded all the male children in Beth-
lehem and its immediate vicinity to bo put tOi
death ; because he had heard, that in that]
place was born one who was to be the king of
the Jews. To us, who are accustomed to tho
finer feelings of Christianity, this appears al-
most incredible ; but the character of Herod,
as portrayed by Josephus, is such a compound
of ambition and sanguinary cruelty, as ren-
ders the evangelical narrative perfecti}' cred-
ible. Herod left three sons, Archelaus, Herod
Antipas, and Philip, among whom his terri-
tories were divided. According to Josephus,
Herod by his will appointed Archelaus to suc-
ceed him in Judaa, with the title of king;
and assigned the rest of liis dominions to He-
rod Antipas as tetrarch of Galilee, and to
Philip as tetrarch of Trachonitia and tho
neighboring countries; and according to the
narrative of Luke (ill 1.), these two princes
were tetrarchs in the fifteenth year of the
reign of Tiberius Cfesar.
2. The will of Herod, however, being only
partially confirmed by Augustus, Archelaus
was appointed ruler over Judasa and Idumea
with the title of etbnarch, the regal dignity
being withheld until he should deserve it.
But Archelaus soon assumed the title; and
Josephus, who has given us an account of this
limitation, calls him the king that succeeded
Herod, and has used the verb reigning with
reference to the duration of his government.
It likewiseappearsfrom the Jewish historian,
that Archelaus was a cruel and tyrannical
prince. All these circumstances attest the
veracity of the evangelist Matthew, who says
(ii. 22,) that when Joseph heard that Archelaus
did REIGN in Judcea, in the room of his father
Herod, he ivas afraid to go thither, and turned
aside into the parts of Galilee, which were un-
der the jurisdiction of Herod Antipas.
3. Luke relates (Acts xii. 1—3.) that He-
rod the king stretched forth his hand to vex cer-
tain of the church, and that he killed James, the
brother of John, with the sword,, and because he
saw that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further
to take Peter also. The correctness of this
statement is also confirmed by Josephus, from
whom we learn that this Herod was a grand-
son of Herod the Great, whom the favor of
the emperors Caligula and Claudius had raised
to royal dignity, and to whom nearly all the
territories that had been possessed by his
grandfather were gradually restored. He was
also exceedingly zealous for the institutions
and customs of the Jews; and this zeal of his
accounts for his putting James to death, and
causing Peter to be apprehended. The death
of this monarch is related by Luke and Jo-
sephus with so much harmony, that, if the
latter had been a Christian, one would have
certainly believed that he intended to write a
commentary on that narrative. This haughty
monarch had deferred giving an audience to
the Tyrian and Sidonian ambassadors, who
had solicited peace with him, until a certain
day.* And upon a set day\ Herod, arrayed in
* Josephus (Ant. Jud. lib. xviii. c. 8. ? 2,) has not
mentioned this particular circumstance; but he informs
ns, that tlie termination of the king's life succeeded a
fi-siiv.il wliiih Ii.-kI been appointed in honor of the em-
piini ( Ininliiis. Hence we may conceive why Herod
difriiTil \<i r, rrive the ambassadors from Tyre and
iSiiluii 1111(11 that particular day, viz. that he might show
himself with so much greater pomp to the people.
f Josephus determines this day expressly. It was
the second day of the shows, which were exhibited at
CiL'sarea, in honor of the emperor.
7'oyal apparel, sat upon his throne,* and ma
an oration unto them. And the people gave
shout, saying, ^^ It is the voice of a God, and 7
of a man."'\ And immediately the angel of i
Lord smote him,l because he gave not God t
gloryW And he was eaten of worms,^ and ga
up the ghost (Acts xii. 20 — 23) Both histo
ans relate the fact, as to the chief particulai
in the same manner. Luke describes t
pride of the king, as well as the nature of I
illness, more circumstantially; and omits
superstitious addition which is recordeil I
Josephus: — a proof that the former surpass
in fidelity, accuracy, and judgment, even tb
learned historian of the Jews. Herod h;
three daughters, Bernice, Mariamnc, ai
Drusilla ; the last of whom, according to J
sephus and Luke, was married to Felix, vv
was appointed governor of Judiea on tl
death of Herod.
4. According to the testimonies of Tacit
and Josephus, this Felix was an oppressiv
avaricious, and tyrannical governor, who h:
persuaded Drusilla to abandon her lawf
husband, Azizus, king of tho EtnesencH, at
to live with him. It was not unnatural fi
such a man to tremble, when Paul reasoned
riyhteousness, temperance, and judgment to, con;
and to hope that the Apostle would have give
him monej' to liberate him. (Acts xxiv. 2
26.)
5. Luke (Acts xviii. 14 — 16,) gives an ho
orable character of the temper and manne:
of Gallio; and this account is confirmed b
Gallio's brother, the celebrated philosoph(
Seneca, who represents him as a man of
sweet and gentle disposition, and of muc
generosity and virtue. Gallio is styled by th
evangelical historian, in our translation, tfc
deputy, but in the original Greek, the pi'oco.
sul of Achaia. The accuracy of Luke, in th
instance, is ver}' remaikable. In tho part
tion of the provinces of the Eoman empir
Macedonia and Achaia were assigned to th
people and senate of Eome; but in the reig
of Tiberius, they were at their own requ
transferred to the emperor. In the reign
Claudius (a. u. c. 797, a. d. 44), they wet
again restored to the senate, after which tim
proconsuls were sent into this country. Pai
was brought before Gallio, A. D. 52 or 53, cot
sequently he was proconsul of Achaia, a.
Luke expressly terms him. There is likewis
* Josephus says that he came into the theatre, earl
in the morning, dressed in a robe or armeiit mad
wholly of silver of most wonderful workmanship ;
that the reflection of the rays of the rising sun from tl
silver gave him a majestic and awful appearance.
t In a short time (says Josephus) his flatterers e:
claimed, one from one place and one from anothci
(though not for his good), that " he was a God ;" am
they entreated him to be propitious to them, sayinji
" Hitherto we have reverenced thee as a man, but henci
forth we acknowledge that thou art exalted abov
mortal nature."
X Josephus has here inserted a superstitious storj
that Herod, shortly after, looking up, perceived an ow
sitting on a certain cord over his head, which he hel
to be an evil omen. The fact itself he thus relates :-
Immediately after, he was seized with pains in hii
bowels, extremely violent at the very first, and was cai'
ried to his palace ! _ :
II The very same cause is assigned by Josephus, vi;|
Because the king had neither reproved his flattererij
nor rejected their impious adulation.
? Josephus has not described the disease so circura'
stantially : he relates that Herod died, worn out by thi
excriicinlinp; pain in his bowels. Luke states that A|
wax ciilfii I'f imniif. Tliest' narralivcs are perfectly conj
sistent. I'.iikr ivlalr-^ (lu' muse, Josephus the f/ect Ci
his dlsea^r; on tho nature of which the reader may coni
suit Dr. Jlead's Medica Sacra, c. 5.
THE FRIEND.
163
jeculiar propriety in the name of the pro-
Qco of which Gallio was proconsul. The
antry subject to him was all Greece; but
B proper name of the province among the
imans was Acbaia, as appears from various
ssages of Eoraan historians, and especially
im the testimony of the Greek geographer,
.usauias, which are given at length by Dr.
irdner.
Equally striking with the preceding testi-
(nies to the credibility of the New Tesla-
mt history, is the agreement between the
angelical historians and profane writers,
lative to the Sects, Morals, and Customs
THE Jews.
1. Tiius it appears from Josephus, that they
joyed the free exercise of their religion,
th the power of accusing and prosecuting,
t not of putting anj' roan to death. In
nsequence of this power, they importuned
lato to crucify Jesus; and when ho com-
inded them to take him and crucify him,
ey said. It is not lawful for us to put any man
death. (John xviii. 31.)
2. Further, it appears from Philo, Josephus,
id other writers, that the Jews were dis-
rsed into many countries, before the de-
ruction of Jerusalem; and Luke tells us, in
fferent parts of the Acts of the Apostles,
!at Paul preached in the Jewish synagogues
Antioch, Iconium, Thessalonica, Athene,
phesus, and Rome.
i3. The accounts related by the evangelists,
; the sects of Pharisees, Sadueees, and Hero-
fins, as well as of the depravity of the Jew-
h nation, in the time of Christ, and of the
(tipathy that subsisted between the Samari-
ins and the Jews, are all confirmed by Jo-
iphus; and the R >man mode of treating
.•isoners, and crucifying criminals, as men-
Dncd in the New Testament, is corroborated
p- the testimonies of Cicero, Plutarch, and
iher writers, who have incidentally men-
oned it. According to Lake's narrative,
\.cts ix. 36.1, Ihe person whom Peter raised
om the dead at Joppa was named Tabitha or
torcas; and it appears from Josephus that
lis name was at that time in common use.
he same evangelist relates, that there was a
reat famine throughout the land of Judisa,
1 the reign of the emperor Claudius (Acts xi.
3. 29) : Josephus also mentions this calamity,
hich began in the fourth year of that reign,
t raged chiefly in the two following year
thou not THAT Egyptian? Josephus has no-
where mentioned the name of this man, but
calls him the Eji/ptian, and the Egyptian
false prophet.
CTo be continaed.)
For " The Friend."
Thoughts and Feelings.
SILENT MEETINGS.
It is often queried mentally by the writei-,
whether the great benefit, as well as solemn
duty of seeking after inward stillness in order
for spiritual communion with the Great Au-
thor of our being in whose hand our breath
is, is duly considered or appreciated by the
nany, especially in their religious obligations
nd engagements. It is highly important in
our efforts to draw nigh to that God who is a
Spirit, and who hath said, "They that wor-
ship Him must worship him in spirit and in
truth," that the mind bo really solemnized by
a vital experience and under a livelj^ sense of
His omnipresence ; that so, shutting out ex
ternal things, we may in inward stillness and
in nothingness, as commanded by the Psalm-
ist, "Commune with our own hearts and be
still." Barclay, the Apologist, no doubt ap
predated this, when in a meeting, in which
he was convinced, it is said there were but
these words uttered, viz : " In stillness there
is fulness. In fulness there is nothingness.
And in the nothingness of self there is all the
fulness of God."
The prophet Isaiah has told us, " They that
wait upon the Lord shaH renew their strength;"
&e., and the Psalmist: "The eyes of all wait
upon Thee, and Thou givest them their por-
tion of meat in due season." And again, "As
the eyes of servants look unto the hand of
their masters, and as the eye of a maiden unto
the hand of her mistress; so our eyes wait
upon the Lord our God, until that he have
mercy upon us." Were these precepts, and
such as these, more generally observed in our
professed approaches to Him whose eye is
on the heart, how would Ho condescend to bo
the ever present Helper of such ! How would
He bow the heavens and come down! How
would He be a spirit of judgment to them that
sit in judgment, and strength to them that
turn the battle to the gate! How would He
enable these to seek Him, to feel after and
find Him ; who, continues the Apostle, is not
far from every one of us : for in Him we live,
nd says, that many persons died for want ofland move, and have our being." Oh ! the un-
leans to procure food. speakable importance of weightiness of spirit
n our religious assemblies, whatever may be
the profession of Christ or denominational
adherence we may make. It is true intro-
4. When Paul was taken prisoner, in con-
jquence of an uproar which the Jews at
erusalem had excited against him, the Ro-
lan chiliarch, according to the relation of
luke (Acts xxi. 38.), asked him — Art thou not
lat Egyptian, which before these days (or a
dort time since) nvidest an uproar, and leddest
ut into the wilderness four thousand men that
)ere murderers: Josephus has recorded at
sngth the transaction here incidentally raen-
ioued. During the government of Felix, and
onsequently at the time alluded to by Luke,
n Egyptian, who pretended to be a prophet,
3d into the wilderness several thousand men,
nd marched against Jerusalem, promising
hat the walls should fall down, at his com-
(land. But Felix marched out of the city
k'ith a strong force, and attacked the irapos-
er, who escaped with only a small part of his
irray. There is a remarkable agreement be-
ween the chiliarch or chief captain in the
icts and Josephus. The former says, Art
version; it is wrestling in spirit; it is the
earnest desire to draw nigh to, and to meet
with the God of our lives; it is the unfoiined
application of the soul to Him; it is waiting
upon and feeling after the High Priest of ou
profession, who is declared to stand knocking,
through his Holy Spirit, at the door of our
hearts for entrance, that must ever constitute
that worship which is acceptable to the
Father. This too will prove tho most effect-
ual antidote against wandering thoughts, or
any other thing that obstructs inward com-
munion with Him, who is a Spirit. Herein,
how comprehensive is the injunction: "Be
still, and know that I am God." Again, said
the Saviour to Paul, "My grace is sufficient
for thee," &c. Is not here all we stand in
need of, without the introduction of any cere-
monial or external things? Jonathan Dy-
mond, in his "Essays on Morality," has well
xpressed : " When the soul is thus permitted
to entcras it were into the sanctuary of God ;
when it is humble in his presence ; when all
is desires are involved in the one desire of
devotedness to him; then is tho hour of ac-
ceptable worship — then the petition of the soul
is prayer — then is its gratitude thanksgiving —
then is its oblation praise."
Robert Barclay, before alluded to, writes :
When I came into the silent assemblies of
Goii's people, I feltT secret power among them,
which touched my heart ; and as I gave way
unto it, I found the evil weakening in me, and
the good raised up : and so 1 became knit and
united unto them, hungering more and more
after tho increase of this power and life, where-
by I might feel myself perfectly redeemed." Ho w
true it is, that while forms and adjuncts ap-
pended to our religious worship, may be in-
Jefinitoly multiplied — and so far they may
but disturb tin heavenward bias of the pur-
pose— yet, at the same time, it is the true
prostration of the heart, it is contrite reverent
thoughts of the Creator, it is digging and beg-
ging, hungering and thirsting for tho spring-
ng up of the well of Divine Life, that con-
stitutes vital, practical worship. It is a drink-
ing at that Fountain whoso waters give life
to the soul, as tho Messiah told the Samaritan
women: — The water that I shall give him
shall be in him a well of water springing up
unto everlasting life.
May all who attend meetings mostly held
n silence — it may bo often under discourage-
ments— be incited to double diligence, and
not let go their confidence in the everlasting
Arm, who hath promised to be with the two's
and the three's that aro met in His name. As
these are faithful, diligent, inward, and pray-
erfu^ in waiting upon Him, the Master and
Head of all religiously gathered assemblies,
He will cause them not only to renew from
time to time their faith and strength in Him
who is tho resurrection and tho life of His
spiritual heritage, but, as He has said, " They
shall mount upward with wings as eagles;
they shall run and not be wear}', and they
shall walk and not faint." His power is the
same yesterday, today, and forever; and as
His dependent, trustful children cleave close
to Him, the promise shall be sweetly realized
in their experience: "In returning and rest
shall ye be saved ; in quietness and confidence
shall be your strength." For "In the Lord
shall all the seed of Israel be justified, and
shall glory."
Butler and Milk.
Every one of our agricultural products, with
the single exception of Indian corn, is sur-
passed in value by our dairy yield. The value
of the cows, and of the land especially devoted
to their support, is reckoned at $1,300,000,000.
The annual production of cheese is estimated
at .850,000,000 pounds, and that of butter at
1,500,000,000 pounds. Their combined value
—estimated at $350,000,000— is only one-fifth
less than that of the corn crop. The produc-
tion has increased thirty-three per cent, with-
in the past year, and since the introduction
of tho American factory system in the manu-
facture of them, they have become important
objects of export, the foreign sale amounting
during the last season to $13,000,000 for but-
ter and $14,000,000 for cheese. The exporta-
tions this year have paid more than $1,000,000
freight, or enough to support a weekly line of
164
THE FRIEND.
steamers to Europe. They have paid S5,000,-
000 freight to the railroads of the country,
and milk pays nearly as much more.
Dairying is a quiet industry, which is so
dispersed among the great majority of fiirmw
in all parts of the counti-y that we fail to re-
alize its aggregate importance. As a money-
producing industry it is, under the combined
influence of the factory sj'stem for cheese-
making and of the introduction of improved
methods of butter-making, rapidly extending
in every direction. One of the very best
butter-making regions of the country, both in
quantity and in quality of product, is Northern
Illinois and the adjoining parts of the States
to the north and west of it. A few years ago
it was believed that good butter could not bo
made in the Southern States. There are now
important butter districts in all parts of the
South, and there are indications that the
Northern cities will soon bo supplied with
fresh grass-butter throughout the whole win-
ter from Mississippi, Tennessee, and other
regions, where, before the war, the profitable
growth of grass was regarded as an impossi-
bility. No single influence has had more to
do with the increased attcntic n given to but-
ter-making in these new districts than the
introductiun and wide distribiition of the cat-
tle of the Island of Jersey. These were for-
merly the •' Aldcrneys" of the lawns and pad-
docks of the rich ; they are now the practical
butter producing animals of the be.~t dairy-
farms throughout the country.
The American system of co-operative fac-
tories has already given us a prominent and
The scalding, airing, and sunning of the pans,
to remove the taint of the sour and curdled
milk they had contained, added much to the
labor and annoyance of the business.
The extent to which the.se conditions have
been set aside is quite remarkable, consider-
ing its rapidity and the conservative class
among whom it has taken place. About a
dozen years ago a Swedish dairyman, named
Schwartz, tried the experiment of setting his
milk in cans twenty inches deep and twelve
inches in diameter, covering them with ven-
tilated lids, and floating them in ice-water.
The reports of his success attracted much at-
tention. A little later at Ogden Farm, and
in several creameries, experiments were made
with a modification of the system, spring-
water at a temperature of about 50° being
used instead of ice-water at 35° to 37°. Ex-
periments were tried elsewhere, often with
unfavorable results owing to unfavorable con-
ditions, and the discussion waxed hot between
the champions and the opponents of the new
process. Little by little the opposition gave
way, and by 1875 the deep-can sj-stem had
gained the approval of the leading dairy-men
of the country. A Western inventor devised
a refrigerator to he used without water, the
cans standing in the drip of ice contained in
an upper chamber. This was in some respects
an advance. Two years later thespring- water
system and the refrigerator system were met,
and have since been overcome, by a further
improvement which seems to combine every
requirement of the simplest and most uniform
work. This is the Cooley system introduced
avored place in the great cheese-markets of by the Vermont Farm Machine Co., who ex
the world. So much has been published dur-!bibited it in complete working at the Fair,
ing recent years concerning the methods of i Considering its cheapness and its adaptability
these factories that those who have cared for, to the largest and the smallest dairies '
such matters have been fully informed con- seems to us to have been the most important
object shown there — at least among thos
which have stood the test of snfiieient trial.
The Cooley system di.^regards everythin^
that was deemed inseparable to success in the
former method of setting milk in shallow pan
A closed box, like a refrigerator, of a size to
cerning them. But there has taken place,
within less than ten years, such a complete
revolution in the processes of butter making
that few, even among ordinary farmers, have
any conception of the present best state of
the art. Until very recently it was the uni-
versal custom to set milk ior the raising of accommodate sufficient cans to hold the whole
cream in shallow pans of tin or earthenware, j product of the morning or evening milking,
'n a cool room in summer and in a warni room is packed full with cans twenty inches deep
"'""■ ' ' ' ' ' and eight inches in diameter. Into these th
milk is strained the moment it is brought
from the stable. Each can is covered with a
small inverted pan, like a milk-])an, and these
are held firmly in place by slats wedged above
them. The box is then filled with cold water
so as to cover pan and all, the pans keeping
the water out of the milk on the principle of
the diving-boll. If a sufl^eiently cold spring
is available (temperature less than 50^) a con-
stant stream enters the box and passes out
through an overflow. In the absence of such
a spring, ice is used to keep the water down
to from 40° to 50°. It is found that all of the
cream rises within twelve hours, so that it
may be taken off' and the cans emptied in time
to receive the product of the next milking.
No account is made of "animal odor," but
atmospheric odors are absolutely excluded by
the complete immersion in water. Owing to
the low temperature at which it has been
kept, the skimmed milk is perfectly sweet
and useful for cheeso-making and other jiui--
|)oses. By an ingenious device the skimmed
milk is drawn off below the cream and the
cream is jiourcd from the cans. Owing to the
low temperature also, which provi'ii Is incipient
decomj)Osilion, the cans are kept so sweet'
in winter. In many limestone regions, where
springs wore abundant and constant, the pans
were in summer-time set in troughs of cool
water. The theory prevailed that exposure
in the air and to ample ventilation was neces-
sary for the removal of " animal odor." The
early but not too rapid removal of the " animal
heat" was equally insisted upon. It was be-
lieved that cream rose most readily and com-
pletely at a temperature of about C0°, and
that its entire separation required a period of
about thirty-six hours — a period during which
the milk invariably became sour, and in warm
weather curdled. Churning was very much
a matter of the most fickle luck, occupying a
long or a short time according to temperature,
to the degree of aciditj-, and to conditions
which always remained inscrutable. The
quality of the product was far from being as-
sured. In winter the butter mi^ht bo lumpy,
or in summer oily, and it was always a matter
of congratulation — by no means a matter of
course — that the churning turned out well.
Willi the more intelligent and painstaking
dairymen the chances and drawbacks wei-e
very much reduced, but every one failed at
times, atid quality always depended largely
upon tho individual skill of the dairy-maid.
that it is not found necessary to scald then
ol'tener than once a week. The whole can
of the milk and the utensils is safely entrustec
to common farm-hands. The obi-fashionec
milk-room is no longer necessary. TheCoilej
box, occupying but little r.iom, may stand ir
a p;issageway, in a cellar, or under a shed
The exhibitors showed one of their cans fillec
to a depth of seventeen inches with milk frow
a herd of Jerseys which had, in twelve hours,
thrown up six and a quarter inches of cream
The modern churning of the cream is ai
different from tho old method with which w(
are all familiar as Cooley's box is from th(
old milk-room. Dashers, cleats, and beateri
are done away with. The cream is put intc
an oblong box, which is arranged to vibrate
longitudinallj', the cream being dashed firs^
against one end and then against the other
There were several forms of churn woiking
on this principle shown at the Fair, the oldest
of them, Bullard's being as good as any
There is no material difference in the timt
required for the butter to "come" in thes«
churns and in the old ones; but these have th«
marked advantage that the swash of the cream
keeps the walls of the churn always washeci
down so that the entire contents are subjected'
to a uniform agitation. With the dasher and'
beater churns, when the cream begins tc
thicken, much of it adheres to the walls likfj
a paste, and causes a considerable amount oH
half churned cream to become mixed with thcl
butter. By the new process this is obviated I
to the great advantage of the product. |
In butter-workers there was nothing strik-i
ingly new, but the invention of Coole3-'scream-|
cries and the Bullard churn probably marks;
a more important advance in an enorniouf]
and universally diffused industry than has!
ever been seen before within a single decade.|
The mower and reaper were longer in comingl
into general use and had much more influenee|
in modifying our general S3'stem of agricui-j
ture ; but the Jersey cow and these two uten-
sils have an aggregate importance hardly in-
ferior to that of those implements.
We made the reservalion, above, that Coo-
ley's exhibit was the most important that had
stood the test of trial. The reservation
made in favor of Durand's cow-milking
chine. The only serious limitation to which
a dairj'-man is subjected, supposing him to
have ample land and money, lies in the diffi-
culty of securing a sufficient number of good
milkers and of finding profitable emplo}-ment
for them throughout thedaj'. This limitation
being removed, the numbiT of cows may bo
greatly increased with decided benefit to the
land, and with direct profit to the farmer. A.
machine which would milk the cow dry;
which would communicate to her bag the
movement incident to hand milking or suck-
ing; which could be adjusted to teats of dif-
ferent size ; and which could milk a three-
teated cow, or, in an emergency, a single teat,
has long been sought. Numerous promising
inventions have proved failures, and many a
good herd has been ruined in the experiment.
The I'jiglish agricultural ]ia]ii'rs are just m:
considering the difficulties of the case, and aro
clamoring for a machine which will meet all
the requirements. We do tiot venture to say
that Durand has solved the problem, but ho
certainly seems to have overcome all the dilfi-
eultics found in the earlier inventions.
Theluxury of luxuries is that of doing good.
THE FRIEND.
165
For " The Friend."
John Crokfr.
(Continued from puge 164.)
About the year 169G, John Croker entered
to marriage with Margery Peters, daughter
John Peters of Miuvfr, with whom they
sided ; here they carried on business, in
bich they prospered ; they were not un-
indful to give thanljs for the blessing,? of
)d which attended their labors, being often
mbled under a feeling sense of His goodness
wards them. About this time we tind him
eply exercised in spirit, and bowed under a
' t which he was scarce able to under
md, and from his Journal we give the fol
wing :
^'Tliere remained something with me, which
len led me into solitary walks and private
irements, sometimes into prayer, and some
nes I read, and sometimes I sat still, as one
liting to hear; the reason hereof I knew
or I was careful not to offend God in
ything which I knew Ho required of me
t still it increased, insomuch that mornini^
d evening, it became my constant practice
retire; at which times I cried, and de.'^ired
» Lord would bo pleased to make known
I mind to me, that then I would obey him,
t were to the giving up of my natural life.
'At last it was discovered to me ; but then
vanted signs and tokens, that I might be
tain it was the Lord's requiring, — fearing
3auso the enemy, working many times in a
stery, had deceived many; and he was
ely to have reasoned all good out of me,
i made me prove disobedient to the call of
d, though not without a desire of perform
; his will. However, I thought if this or
5 other stranger would speak to my con-
ion, or tell me what God required of me, I
•uld not then consult with flesh and blood
y longer. So it, pleased God to answer my
sire ; for several spake to me and bid me
faithful. And upon a time on a First-day
irning, as I was walking alone, and more
i of thought than usual, it opened in me
e a voice, saying, ' This day will I open thy
uth,ifthou art faithful to me.' It seemed
surprise me, and being willing to be more
(uainted with this voice, I turned myself
JUt and walked further into the orchard,
liring the Lord to be wisdom and strength
me; and it rested with me that that was
i daj' of the trial of my obedience. So
(rent home, and prepared for that meeting,
Iwhich most of our family went. 1 sat re-
pd until at last the word of the Lord was
p me as a fire; my father and mother-in-
j? Peters, both took a little time in the meet-
— which I thought had relation to me, and
then present exercise ; yet, I found it hard
give up. But being sensible it was my
y, at the latter part of the meeting I spake
w words ; and, although it was alittle out
my season, j-ct I was thereby as one dis-
i of a great and heavy load, and com-
t came to my soul ; so that I found it was
!)d to obey the Lord. Being faithful in the
\7 things. He made me ruler over more; so
't I found it often my place to speak a few
and began to be concerned for the dis-
line of Truth, that it might be kept up, and
ifirst and primitive simplicity maintained
longst us; that we might not only profess
t principles, but also be found like the first
j>selytes of Truth in this island, in plain-
SI8 of dress and fewness of words, as vvell as
rfulness of running after the gain of riches,
or too much frequenting the conversation of
the people of the world; because there are
many snai-es and dangers in it, which many
incline after, respecting which, at times, "l
was concerned both to speak and write.
"Thus for about three years I passed my
time, in the enjoyment of a tender and affec-
tionate wife, who trulj' feared the Lord, and
with whom I had great comfort ; and we were
a strength and rejoicing to each other. But
at length it pleased the''Lord to take from me
my dear wife, in the year 1699. What sha
I say ; it was a near parting and a sharp ej
ercise : yet I was made to say, surely the
Lord is good, let him do as it pleaseth him,
and who dares to speak hardly, or say wh}'
doest thou so ? Job said, the Lord gives and
He takes away, blessed be the name of the
Lord. God knows what is best for us, better
than we ourselves ; therefore I will labor to
be contented in his will, and to follow after
that; hoping wo may meet again where all
disappointments are at an end : for all things
here are uncertain, and man is born to trouble
as the sparks fly upwards. There is no de-
pendence on any thing below the sun, there-
fore my dependence shall be in the right arm
of His salvation; hoping He will carry nio
through this vale of tears, — and how soon,
the Lord only knoweth ; I desire not length
of days, but that I may at last finish my
course in peace."
(To be concluded.)
With tearful eyes I look around.
Life seems a dark and stormy sea.
Yet midst the gloom I hear a sound,
A heavenly whisper — Come to Me !
It tells me of a place of rest ;
It tells me where my sonl m.ay flee;
Oh to the weary, fainti opprest,
How sweet the bidding— Come to Me !
When the poor heart with anguish learns
That earthly props resigned must be,
And from each broken cistern turns,
It hears the accents — Come to Me !
When against sin I strive in vain,
And cannot from its yoke get free,
Sinking beneath the heavy chain.
The words arrest me— Come to Me!
When nature shudders, loth to part
From all I love, enjoy and see ;
When a faint chill steals o'er my heart
A sweet voice utters — ''Come to Me !"
Come for all else must fail and die ;
Earth is no resting place for thee ;
Heavenward direct thy weeping eye ;
I am thy portion — (jome to Me !
Oh voice of mercy, voice of love !
In conflict, grief and agony.
Support rae, cheer me from above.
And gently whisper, — Come to Me !
CharloUe Elliott.
Curtailment. — " Hard times," says one, "are
God's time of trial, in which to test us, to see
if we are worthy to receive the answer to our
many prayers for spiritual blessings." This
being true, and it undoubtedly is, how many
are in this crisis giving evidence that they
are not fitted to receive the spiritual mercies
they ask for ? For, instead of denying them-
selves, and continuing to give their formerly
acknowledged quota of offerings to the Lord,
they are rather denying the Lord and appro-
priating as ever to themselves. This is their
mode of retrenchment, in response to the
ties of hard times."
Suggestions to Aid in Scciiriiig tiic Guitlaiice of tlie Holy
.Spirit
From Uphani's Interior Life.
One of the most important questions which
can occupy the minds of those who wish to ex-
perience the reality of the interior spiritual
life, is — In what manner can we most cer-
tainly secure the ever-present and guiding in-
fluences of the Holy Spirit? We learn from
the Scriptures, that those who are the sons of
God are led by the Spirit of God. And a woe
is expressly denounced against those "foolish
prophets that follow their own spirit." The
facts of individual experience, in relation to
the subject of a Divine guidance, abundantly
confirm the truth of the scriptural declara-
tions. "Though this secret direction of the
Almighty," says Sir Matthew Hale, who was
distinguished as a Christian as well as a scho-
lar and a judge, "is principally seen in mat-
ters relating to the good of the soul, yet even
in the concerns of this life, a good man, fear-
ing God, and begging his direction, will very
often, if not at all times, find it. I can call
my own experience to witness, that even in
the temporal affair.s of my whole life, I have
never been disappointed of the best direction
when I have, in humility and sincerity im-
plored it." And I think we may undoubtedly
regard it as a great truth, ever to be kept in
remembrance, that the true children of God,
so far as they live acceptably to Him, are
guided by the Spirit of God. This great
truth, that, as followers of God, it is our pri-
vilege and dut}' to be led by the Spirit of God,
may be i-ealized continually in our personal
experience, as it seems to us, in connection
with a few simple but fundamental conditions.
I. In the first place, we cannot reasonably
expect to be guided bj' the Spirit, unless we
desire it. And if we expect a continuance of
this guidance, the desire must be permanent
and strong. It would be extremely absurd to
uppose that the Holy Spirit will condescend
to dwell with us, if we have no desire for it,
or if wo have not a permanent and strong de-
sire. But we cannot suppose that those who
aim after holiness of heart are without this
desire ; and therefore we do not consider it
necessary to dwell upon this point.
II. In order to realize this great blessing,
we must have faith in God, that He will do
for us the thing which we ask. To desire
of God without having faith in the Giver, is
nearly as effectual a way to defeat the object
of our request, as to be without desire. But
on this point also we will not delay. Who
can be ignorant that one of the first elements
the life of holiness is the doctrine of faith?
Without faith it is impossible to please God."
How can it be possible, then, without faith,
to receive the blessing of the Holy Spirit?
III. Besides those which have been men-
tioned, there is another condition necessary
to be realized, in order to have the guiding
nfluences of the Holy Spirit always with us;
lamely, we must cease from our natural ac-
tivit}'. We do not mean to say that we must
be inactive; that we must be wholly and
absolutely without mental movement ; but
merely and precisely that we must cease from
the activity of nature. In other words, ceas-
ng from self and from its turbulent and de-
ceitful elements, and, as a consequence of this,
ceasing to place ourself and our personal in-
terests foremost, wc must keep our own plans,
purposes, and aims, in entire subjection. For
166
THE FRIEND.
instance, wlien we ask God to guide ns, we
must not at tlie namo time cherisli in our
hearts a secret determination and hope to
(juide oursdves ; just as some persons foolishly,
and almost wickedly, ask the advice of tbeir
neighbors, when they have alreadj' fully de-
cided in their own minds upon tbeir future
course of action. If we would have our de-
sires of being continually guided by the Holy
Spirit fully realized, we must not only give
up our personal and self interested plans and
purposes, submitting every thing into God's
hands with entire childlike simplicity, but it
is important also not to give way to uneasy,
agitated, and excited feelings. The existence
of undue eagerness and excitement of spirit is
an evidence that we are, in some degree
afraid to trust God, and that we are still too
much under the influence of the life of nature;
so that to cease from the activity of nature,
when properly understood, seems to be noth
ing more nor less than to cease from the spi-
rit of self-wisdom, self-seeking, and self-guid-
ance, and thus to remain in submissive and
peaceful simplicity and disengagement of spi-
rit, in order that God may enter in, and may
guide us by the wisdom of his own Divine in-
spiration.
It may be proper to add here, that the view
which has now been exj)ressed is entirely con-
sistent with the exercise of our powers of per-
ception and reflection. A cessation from our
natural activity, in the sense which has been
explained, is not only consistent with, but it
is evidently favorable to, a just exercise of
these powers. They will be found at such
times to be free from erroneous and disturb-
ing influences, and to possess a clearer insight
into the truth.
IV. In order to secure the continual pres-
ence of the Holy iSpirit, we must not only ful-
fil the condition of ceasing from the self-
interested activity of nature; we must not
only believe in God's truth and faithfulness to
his promises, attended with a sincere desire
fur the blessing under consideration ; but
when we ask under such circumstances, it is
our privilege and duty to believe that we now
have the thing which we ask for. If, for in-
stance, in true detachment and simplicity of
spirit, and with a sincere desire for the object,
we seek the Divine wisdom, which is the gift
of the Holy Spirit, to guide us in some difli-
cult case of duty, we are bound, on the princi-
ples ol Scripture, to believe (provided, further,
that we exercise all our powers of perception
and reasoning applicable to the casoj that we
do now have all that wisdom which God sees
to be necessary for us. Accordingly, we are
not at liberty, in the spirit of distrust towards
God, to go about to seek some new natural
light to see our spiritual wisdom with. Such
wisdom, resting, in its origin, upon the im-
mutable promise of God, — a promise which is
fulfilled in connection with the exercise of
faith, — is, for the most part, hidden from all
forms of sight on the part of the creature, ex-
cept one. That is to say, as it has its origin
in connection with the operations of faith,
and cannot exist except in that connection,
so it is visible, in general, only to the eye of
faith. It seems very evident, under the cir-
cumstances, and in the fulfilment of the con-
ditions which have been mentioned, that we
should do wrong, we should sin against God,
not to believe in the actual possession of the
thing which had been interceded for. It
would evidently be a case of unbelief; and
unbelief can never be accounted otherwise
than a great sin. It is in accordance with
this view, that we find the following expres-
sions in the First Epistle of John, v. 14, 15:
"And this is the confidence that we have in Him,
that if we ask any thing according to his will,
He heareth us ; and if we know that He hear us,
whatsoever we ask, we know that we have the pe-
titions that we desired of Him."
In conclusion, we would remark, that in
yielding ourselves up to the Divine direction
under such circumstances as have been men-
tioned, we not only have the guidance of the
Holy Spirit, but I think we are not exposed
to those illusions and mistakes which might
otherwise be likely to befall us. Indeed, it is
hardly too much to say, that we may be sure
of being kept in the right path at such times.
The state of mind which we have described is
not only one of earnest desire and strong
faith, but, as it seems to us, of true meekness.
And we are told in the Scriptures, "The meek
will He guide in judgment, and the meek will
He touch his way." (Ps. xvv. 9.) It is the
opinion of Fenelon, who seems to have had a
personal experience of the Divine operation
deeply interior, that in the moments of men-
tal quietness and of recollection in God, — in
other words, when we look to God in a stale
of cessation from our natural activity, — we
should not hesitate to follow the interior im-
pulses and attractions of the soul; meaning
to be understood, undoubtedly, that if wo be-
lievingly ask for Divine guidance in such a
state of mind, the attraction or tendency of
the soul, which then exists, cannot be safely
ascribed to ax\j thing but the Spirit of God;
and that, consequently, we may consider our-
selves under a Divine, and not under a mere
human direction. This we believe to be true.
Nevertheless, in this case, as in all others, we
should never j'ield to the guidance of any in-
terior attraction, however it may have the
appearance of originating with the Holy Spirit,
which at the same time we know to be at va-
riance with the written Word of God. God
can never contradict himself; and whatever
revehition He has made of Himself in his holy
Word we must regard as authentic, and as
entitled to our supreme confidence. But with
the limitation implied in this remark, we have
no doubt that Gjd, operating upon the mind
in a Divine manner, will certainly teach and
guide those who, in renouncing the self-inter-
ested eagerness of nature, possess true meek-
ness and quietness of spirit, and who believ-
ingly and earnestly look to Him for such
teaching and direction.
Professor Henry, when a boy, was an in-
veterate novel reader, until at sixteen an
English book of scientific lectures happened
to fall into his hands. He was so interested
in it that the owner presented it to him, and
he kept it ever afterwards among his trea-
sures. On the fly loaf is this paragraph,
written by him in 1837 : "This book, although
by no means a profound work, has, under
Providence, exerted a remarkable influence
on mj' life. It accidentally fell into my hands
when I was about sixteen years old, and was
the first book, with the exception of works of
fiction, that I ever read with attention. It
opened to me a new world of thought and en-
joyment, invested things before almost un-
noticed, with the highest interest, fixed my
mind on the study of Nature, and caused me
to resolve at the time of rcatUng it that 1 1
would devote my life to the acquisition (
knowledge. Joseph Henuv."
For " Tbe Friend"
It is reasonable to suppose there is no meq
ber of the religious Society of Friends, who i
acquainted, however partially, with its hi|
tory and its present condition, but must, i
times, mourn over the contrariety of sentj
meut on points of religious belief and conduc
which prevails more or less throughout its oi
ganization. Whatever may be his or her ow
opinion or feeling in relation to the contr^
verted points, the frequent evidence giv
that the Society has in measure lost, and
still losing the influence for good on other ]
ligious professors which it once exerted, ari|
is experiencing in itself the weakness and ii
stability of a house divided against itself, ca
hardly fail to clothe the spirit at times win
regret, if not with pain and sorrow.
It is now more than forty years since th
seeds of this disunity and degeneracy wei
widely sown, and the fruit is too abundac
and too bitter, to admit of its origin being a
tributed to mere verbal inaccuracies, or unei
sential divergencies from the long accepte
principles promulgated by the early Fr'
and their consistent successors.
It is a saddening truth which time contii
ues to make more palpable, that those prinq
pies and their legitimate practices must I
contended for within the limits and anion
the members of the Society. Nor is it lei
evident that unity cannot be restored by a
agreement not to manifest its absence whe
points are exposed where the members are i
variance, and openl}' to profess fellowsh:
wherever there is gr(^und to believe then
no positive disagreement. This is someti
spoken of as consistent with the declaral
of the apostle, "I am made all things to
men, that I might by all means save some
but is it not a practical dissembling aUogeth(|ri
inconsistent with Paul's deep religious convi
tions and sturdy honesty ? And yet man
who may shrink from avowing that this
their panacea for healing the wounds und(
which the Society is suffering, by their couri
indicate they are afraid to apply any oth
remedy.
It is a self pleasing sentiment — somotim
called charity — that we need not regard diijoi
ftrence of belief or practice in what are sti
matized as little things, the miiior testimonl^\
into which our forefathers were led by tl
Holy Spirit; but simply keep the eye fixcoi
on the more comprehensive points of ou
ligious profession, where it is supposed all csl:
agree, and leave every one to adopt or rejei Ji
the others as they may see fit.
In one of the addresses made to the Frienifc
composing the smaller Western Yearlj- Moe fi
ing, as given in the British Friend, 2d cc
umn, page 277, eleventh month number,
the following: "Should we not then be tauglJ]
to dwell in that which unites, rather than :
that which separates; to look out for poin
of union, rather than upon those in which vi
may differ, and so find that we are often fi
nearer to one another than we may think
The Soundness of the sentiment here inci p
cated depends upon what is united with, at oe
what is separated from. The Spirit — obed
enco to which alone can produce true unity
not only may, but does forbid unity with thajii
however small it ma}' seem in itself, wh
has a controversy with, and requires a tirjl
THE FRIEND.
161
imony to be borue to that which it con
cea to be of the truth. If Friends are sin
e in the religion they profess, they cannot
any thing small or indifferent which has
brought forth under the operation of
e Grace ; and were those who are
ught under this operation, to turn away
thatrequired, because it would, or might
arate them from others, they could make
istraight steps in the highway of holiness.
[lad George Fox and his worthy yoke-
pws acted on the bald principle, that it is
ter to unite than disagree, they would
rer have set up a distinct Society and suf-
pd the persecution they endured for its
beiples, but "dwelling in that which unites,
pier than that which sepai'ates," kept their
nection with the professors to which tiiey
pnged, and smothered their conscientious
Ivictions.
Nor did they consider any of what are now
^ken of slightingly as minor testimonies,
kll in themselves; nor it of trifling ira-
rtance that they should be faithfully main-
ped before the world. I. Penington hav-
j occasion to write a letter to the Earl of
dgewater, the earl had him thrown into
I, and declared he should be kept there
lough he might rot," unless he would ad-
him as ''My Lord," and sign himself his
amble servant," and that meek and patient
3iple of Christ remained incarcerated in a
aial prison for more than a year rather
n betray the testimony of truth to plain-
8 of speech, trivial as it may seem to many
rhe present day. It may be well to mark
following expression in one of his appeals
justice. ''I have been, and still am, a pa-
it sufi'erer for welldoing, blessing the Lord
o redeemeth and preserveth the souls of
children out of evil-doing, and who bring-
bis indignation and wraih, with great
plexityand miser}-, upon nations and upon
sons who set themselves in opposition to
n." Can it be considered a small matter
trample on any of the testimonies spring-
out of obedience to the convictions of Di-
e Grace, and for the support of which our
hful predecessors thought nothing loo dear
)art with ? He who despiselh small things
11 fall by little and little.
n thesamenumberfrom which theprevious
jitation is taken, 1st col. p. 275, is the foUow-
i: "The importance of cherishing a large-
rted appreciation of themanifoldnessof the
.h, a manifoldness answering to the variety
ur minds, as the daisy is not to be jealous
ihe rose, nor the rose despise the daisy."
at is to be understood here by " the mani-
ness of the truth," is not clear. The
hs of the gospel are plain and simple, not
lying in their meaning and force to suit the
liety in men's minds. They bear the im-
jss of the purity and wisdom of their Divine
jthor ; the manifoldness belongs to the in-
ipretations given to them by expositors not
|er the enlightening influence of the Spirit
ft dictated them. The contrast exhibited
iween the two flowers is evidently intended
fepresent the divergent doctrines inculcated
jhin the Society : it is a strong one, but not
jpplicable. In many respects these doc-
les and their results are as palpably differ-
in their characteristics as the rose and the
sy ; showing tho}' do not spring from the
le root. No manifoldness of floral develop-
Dt can destroy the distinction between the
) blossoms, nor would any large-hearted -
ness justify us in calling the daisy a rose,
while our senses convinced us it was devoid of
its shape, color and aroma. For similar rea-
Isons the modern novelties introduced among
Friends cannot be properly called Quakerism.
There need be no jealousy nor contempt the
one of the other, was each called by its pro
per name, and not allowed to assume the title
of the other.
The four Apostles alluded to in the same
place, all preached the same gospel. JSTo one
of them inculcated doctrine inconsistent with
that taught bj' the others; and so I'ar were
they from admitting that any manifoldness
would permit uniting with that not in accord-
ance with the truth they set forth, that one of
them, addressing a church, uses the emphatic
language: "If any man preach any other
gospel unto you than that jq have received,
let him be accursed." And another: " If there
come any unto you and bring not this doc-
trine, receive him not into j'our house, neither
bid him God-speed. For he that biddeth him
God-speed, is partaker of his evil deeds."
In one of the communications quoted from,
in the editorial of last week's " Friend," some
specimens of the doctrines now taught by
manj' of the modernized preacbers are given,
which are in direct opposition to those ever
held by Friends, and the two cannot be re-
conciled by any variety in men's intellectual
endowment. It may be said they are the
opinions of the individual only. But the
meetings which certifled them to be ministers
in unity with them, and sent them forth to
promulgate these unsound notions, must hold
the same doctrines, and thus give equal evi-
dence they are not Friends in religious belief,
however they may assume the name.
The doctrines of the gospel and the testimo-
nies resulting from them, as held by Friends,
have always been fixed and clearly defined
by them. They compel none to adopt them,
but they cannot allow them to be undermined
and overturned by those claiming to be mem-
bers of the Society though not holding to its
faith, who, like the seven women laying hold
of one man, say, " We will eat our own bread
and wear our own apperal, onlj' let us be
called by thy name, to take away our re-
proach." Whether few or many, Friends
rightly adopt the following language of Robert
Barclay, considered and approved bj' the Lon-
don Morning Meeting.
" We being gathered into the belief of cer-
tain principles and doctrines, without any
constraint or worldly respect, but by the mere
force of truth upon our understandings, and
its power and influence upon our hearLs, ^Aese
princi2)les an/, doctrines and the practices neces-
sarily drpendimj upon them, are, as it were, the
terms that have drawn us together, and the
bond by which we became centred into one
body and fellowship, and distinguished from
otiiers. Now if any one or more so engaged
with us, should arise to teach any other doc-
trine or doctrines, contrary to those which
were the ground of our being one, who can deny
but that the body hath power in such a case
to declare; This is not according to the truth
we profess, and therefore we pronounce such
and such doctrines to be wrong, with which we
cannot have unity; nor yet any more spiritual
fellowship with those who hold them, and so cut
themselves off from being members, by dissolving
the ver}- bond by which they were linked to
the body."
Division and^separation are hazardous and
very uncertain remedies for the evils now ex-
isting in the Society of Friends, and greatly
to be deplored ; but they are not to bo pre-
vented or remedied by ignoring the cause
producing them ; nor by treating those who
are contending for the doctrines and testi-
monies of Truth ever held by Friends, as
though they were no part of and had no hold
upon the Society. The Lord is no respecter
of persons, and He will preseive and bless
those who, in sincerity and faithfulness, are
standing for his cause and testimony, how-
ever they may be despised and rejected by
others. " C. E.
12lh mo. 29th.
Be not weary in doing what God bids, or in
waiting for what God has promised. Your
work may be diSicult, but persevere in it.
The delay may seem long, but it will come to
an end. Look to the Saviour; rest on the
promise ; keep on with the work, and in due
season you will go to your rest, if you faint not.
THE FRIEND.
FIRST MONTH 4, 18V9.
" The just shall live by faith," is a scripture
truth which the Christian has need to hold
constantly in view, if he would not be jostled
from the foothold which he has attained by
Divine favor on the narrow way of life and
salvation. The material world is constantly
pressing against and opposing the spiritual,
and if we allow our eyes to look too much
upon that which is seen, they will inevitably
become dimmed to that which is unseen and
eternal. The revolution which has occurred
within the past ten years in the commercial
world has so disturbed the outward means of
many good men and women, that their faith
in Him who sees the sparrow fall, to provide
thinirs needful for them and their dependant
families has been sorely tested. Those prin-
ciples of integrity and high Christian honor
which they once gloried in and felt it a privi-
lege to practise in da}'s of prosperity, are now
being subjected to a strain they little antici-
pated. Others making as high a profession as
themselves of honorable conduct, may have
succumbed to the storm, and with it relinquish-
ed the strict line of integrity, for the sake of
saving a part of their worldly substance. "Such
a policy seems siicces-ful and legitimate: Why
should I not practise the same?" is perhaps
the inward thought. Our sympathies and
concern are freshly aroused for such, with a
desire that they may endure as seeing Him
who is invisible, and not succumb to the
temptation. "Whosoever will save his life
shall lose it, but whosoever will lose his life
for my sake shall find it," says Christ ; and it
is in just such critical jjcriods of our lives as
this, that we must keep these blessed promises
in view and act upon them. "The just shall
live by faith." Ye are of more value than
many sparrows, and a tender Father is behind
the cloud and rides upon the storm, who will,
with the temptation, make a way whereby
you may escape, if the eye and expectation
are directed unto Him in faith and prayer.
Again, we live in a day when the value of
religious principles is estimated greatl}' by
their popularity, or their success in prose-
168
THE FRIEND.
lytinsr others. " Who hath believed our re-
port?" maj' well be queried by the consistent
upholder of the views of Fox and Penu. " The
preaching of the cross" remains to bo foolish-
ness to those whose wisdom is confined to the
natural reasoning faculties; and who require
a material sign to attest a spiritual truth;
but uuto them who are saved by living faith
in a crucified Saviour, "it is the power of
God." Isaac Penington makes some perti-
nent remarks on this subject, which are sub-
joined. " Now the lowest persuasion of faith
is higher and of a more noble nature than
the highest persua>ion of reason; because
faith is of a higher principle and of a deep-
er nature and ground than man's reason
is. But this because it appears not in man's
sphere, but rather out of it, and is contrary
to the line and reach of his wisdom, is ac-
counted by him foolishness and madness.
Thus is the wisdom of God, and the children
thereof judged and condemned by man in this
day. And how can it be otherwise? How
can the wisdom of man but judge that as fool-
ishness, whose beauty and excellency is hid
from its eye ? But this is because the wisdom
of man is out of its place, not subjected to the
wisdom of God, but exalted above it." * * *
"But what ear of man can hear this! surely
none that is whole in the line of man's wis
dom, reason and understanding ; but that
alone that is bruised, broken, and in some
measure dashed in pieces by the inroads of a
Diviner life and nature." * * * "Happy
is he who knows and hearkens to the persua-
sions of God's Spirit, who is born of God, and
taught to wait upon Him and worship Him
in spirit ; who receives his religion from the
light of faith into the renewed nature and
mind, and not from the reason of man into
the natural understanding, which is easily
corrupted and cannot be kept pure, but alone
by the indwelling of the principle of eternal
life in it. For though such may suffer very
deeply from the men of this world, as the sub-
jects and servants to the principle of life have
done in all agL's and generations, yet their
principle will bear them out; in wliich God
will appear to strengthen and refresh their
spirits and carry them up above all their suf-
lerings in the patience, meekness and faith of
the Lamb. And keeping to their principles
they cannot be overcome, but must either live
or die conquerors, according to the will and
good pleasure of Him who ordereth and dis-
poselh of all things well, and bringeth good
out of every evil in despite of all the powers of
darkness. And he that overeometh whether
by life or death in the Lamb's spirit, shall wear
the Lamb's crown, and sit down in that per-
fect rest in the kingdom of the Father which
will give the hearts of all His children full
satisfaction. In which assured hope (life
stirring in our bosoms, and quickening our
hearts with love to God and zeal for His
truth), we can freely give up all that is near
and dear to us in this world, and lay down
our heads in inward peace, in the midst of
the greatest outward persecution and trouble.
Even so, O Lord, thy will be done eoncernincr
this generation of thy people, whom thou hast
begotten to thyself and brought forth by thy
mighty power, to testify to thy Truth in the
present day. Dispose of them as it pleaseth
thee, and let not their faith in thee nor thy
iaithfulness to them fail; but lot them be a
praise to thy name throughout all genera-
tions."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— The largest aud most powerful
locomotive engine ever built iu this country, has just
been completed by the Baldwin Locomotive Works, for
the New Mexico and Southern Pacific Railroad, and is
specially intended to work on along, heavy grade, at a
point on the Rocky Mountains. Jt is a ten-wheel tank
engine, having eight driving wheels, and a two wheel
truck. The cylinders measure 20 by 26 inches, and the
driving wheels are but 42 inches in diameter. The
boiler is 58 inches diameter, and has 213 tubes, each
over 11 feet long. A water-tank almost the entire
length of the boiler, rests on top of the engine, and when
tilled with water will add materially to the weight. The
truck wheels are 30 inches in diameter, are of paper,
with steel tires. This engine, when in working order'
will weigh 118,000 lbs.
During the present year over 60,000 Bibles have been
sent from Philadelphia to Australia and the Antipodes.
Heavy snows and extreme cold are reported
Canada and the West. Throughout the lake region
railroad travel at various points has been suspended.
At Oswego the snow is stated to be four feet in depth.
The ship-builders in Maine have not much exceeded
one half the work this year, that has been done in either
of the three preceding years. Only 11 ships were built
in the State, and not one of those on the Penobscot, or
to the eastward of it. The total tonnage for the year
is 41,060. In 1877, the total was 76,308 ; in 1876, 73,-
3;_in 1875 it exceeded 7.5,000 tons. The prospect
iw is that next year's work will be less than that of
78.
One of the Chimpanzees belonging to the Zoological
Garden of this city, died from the effects of a severe
cold contracted several weeks since. The animal was
about five years ohl, and was brought from the Gaboon
river on the west coast of Africa.
The work of refitting the part of the Smithsonian
istitution building in Washington, formerly occupied
by Professor Henry and family, for the use of the Fish
Commission and the officers connected with the ex-
change system of the Smithsonian Institute, is nearly
completed. The change of quarters has been made, and
the crowded condition of the offices relieved. Tele-
phonic communication has been established between all
parts of the building. In the work of refitting, many
improvements have been made to facilitate the work
done under the exchange system.
Five Ute Indians arrived in St. Louis on the 29th
ult., on their way to Washington to consult with the
Interior Department relative to the sale by them to the
Government of a strip of their reservation, said to con-
tain valuable mineral deposits.
The Commissioner of Patents, in Washington, h;
43— being 260
number of deaths for the year
than for the previous year.
Markets, <£-c.— Gold 100 a lOOJ. U. S. si
registered, 106^, coupon, 109J ; 5's, 1881, regis
coupon, 106 J; 4^ per cents, 104|; 4 per cents, IC
5-20's, 1867, registered, 102;i ; do. coupon, 105', ;
1868, registered, 100, and coupons 109.
Cotton.— Sales of middlings at 9 J a ^ ots. per poi
for uplands and New Orleans.
Flour.— Minnesota extra at $4 for medium to $^
for fancy ; St. Louis, $5 a $5.50. Rye flour, $2.75 a
Grain.— Wheat was in fair demand— red, $1.0
$1.06 ; amber, $1.06 a $1.07 ; white, $1.08. Corn, A
48 cts. Oats, mixed, 28 a 29 cts. ; white, 30 a 32 ct
Seeds. — Clover, 6} a 6i cts. per pound. Flaxse
$1.37J per bushel.
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts. ; mix
45 a 55 cts. Straw, 60 a 70 cts. per 100 pounds.
Beef cattle were in fair demand and prices were firn^
extra Penna. and western, 5} a 5| cts. per pound; i
to good, 4:V a 5 cts. Sheep, 3| a oj cts. per pound
to quality. Hogs, 3J a 4| cts. per lb., as to conditio
Foreign.— A dispatch from Lahore, published
the l\mes, says: " Yakoob Kahn, son of the Aiiieei
Afghanistan, has just come into Jellalabad, now h
by the British troops. This circumstance is regan
here as equivalent to submission to the British '
Upwards of 150 f lilures in Glasgow and the
Scotland, are said to be directly or indirectly tracea
to the stoppage of the City of Glasgow Bank '
total liabilities of the Scotch firms who have b.
dragged down are $125,000,000.
_ Information is received from Odessa, that prepa
tions are making for the return home of 100,000
General Todleben's men. This is regarded as 'a a
sign that a definitive Turco-Russian treaty is near be
concluded.
A destructive conflagration broke out in the citj
Hong Kong on tlie 25th ult., and raged all the iolli
ing day. The loss of property is very large.
It is reported from Port au Prince, that in Port
Paix the river changed its bed and crossed the to'
overflowing the principal part of it, and destroy
iiny houses and lives. St. Louis del Nard, ab
three miles distant, is said to be entirely destroyed
the flood.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Stated Meeting of the Committee having c
of the Bjarding School at Westtown, will b° held
Philadelphia on Sixth-day, First month lOtli, 1879,
The Committee on Admissions will meet the
issued a circular which requires that letters patent and o^L'^' ^ ^- ^^■> ''^"'^ ^^^ Committee on Instruction
certificates of registration must be perfected and ready ^-'"^ ^- "^^•
for delivery upon receiving the signature of the Com-
missioner, thus preventing the delay which has here-
tofore occurred to the patentee in receiving his papers.
Since gold fell to par, the demand for silver dollars
has steadily increased. Previously the orders received
at the Treasury Department averaged about $10 000
daily. Since orders for $30,000 have been received in
one day.
The long tunnel, through solid rock, to carry water
to Baltimore, is being cut in nineteen sections, the plan
adopted being, to sink shafts to the proper level, and
then work in both directions, which requires very exact
calculations. Thus far the engineers have been re-
markably successful, five sections being joined, without Co., Ne
a foot's deviation from straightness.
The immense sugar pine logs cut near Tucker, Nev.,
are sent down the precipitous side of the mountain in
a chute that empties them into a deep pond. The des-
cent is 1700 feet, the last third of which is perpen-
dicular, so that the logs strike the water with a report
that can be heard a mile distant.
The manufacture of Inciter matches is stated to con-
sume annually 300,000 cubic feet of the finest pine
A final meeting of the Board of Control of the coil
corporations -^vas held in New York on the 27th, and
there being -~ • ■• ■• • - - -
Philada., 12th mo. 3l3t, 1878,
Samuel Morris,
Clerk
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE IN.SANE
Nexr Frankjord, {Twealy^hird Ward,} Phlixdelphi
Physician and Superintendent— JohnC. Hall, M
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boarc
Managers.
Married, in Friends' Meeting, Easton, Fifth-d'
Eleventh month 14th, 1S7S, Eli Sharpless to E;
WiLKlNS, daughter of Ezra Engle, all of Burlin<':
Jersey. °
Died, at her residence, Mattapriselt, Mass., 1
month 14th, 1878, Betsy Hillee, widow of Seth
Hillee, aged 69 years, a member of New Bedf
Monthly Meeting. With a desire to heed the Heave
Shepherd's voice, she was concerned to follow in
narrow path of self-denial, and as she neared the i
of life's journey spoke of the satisfaction she had in
remembrance of these thing. Increasingly dear to ]
were the doctrines and principles of Fritnids ; saiil i
desired no new or better way ; they embraced fully
cn.nn.nv nrps /'^If^-^^^t'^'^^f °{ t^e Lehigh Valley | beauty and simplicity of the truth as it is in Ch.
company present, it was re.solved to adjourn sine die. Jesus.
Ihjts ends the coal combination. | , at her residence, Pickering, Ontario, Cana
" ■" ' ' f tlio lite Ambrose Boo
Ihe exports of petroleum from Philadelphia to I Deborah Boone, wi
foreign ports, during the present year, amount to 74
904,767 gallons— an increase of 25,835,793 gallons over
last year.
The foreign commerce of New York for the week
ending on the 28th ult., was as follows : imports $5 -
565,356; exports, $7,269,771. ' '
The number of deaths in New Y^ork city dnrin<r the
past week was 502. Tlie number in this city was 305,
of whom 176 were adulLs, and 129 children. The total
0th Vf
Aleeling, New York. ,S|k. ,v:,s
disposition, and evmc 'il nn n
the principles of the Clirisii;,,
primitive Friends. Her vAm
consoling belief that In r cli.so
WILLIAM H. I'll
No. 422 Walii
■r (if ScipioMont
iiid and affection
■ring attachment
4 inn as held by (
i.d friends have-
!•; PRINTER,
It Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
70L. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIRST MONTH 11, 1879.
NO. 22,
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ce, if paid in advance, S2.00 per annum ; if not paid
n advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postageon thosesentby maiL
Sttij-icriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
T SO. 116 SORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
timonies of Profane Writers to the credibility of tlie
New Testament.
:tracted from Rome's Introduction to the Holy
Scriptures.
(Continued from page 163.)
le Testimonies furnished by Jewish Adver-
saries to the Name and Faith of Christ are
further Corroborations of the New Testament.
\. Tlius JosEPnus, — ill a passage of liis
wish Antiquities wtiieti tlie opposers of
ristianity (unable to resist its force) have,
itrary to all evidence, affirmed to be spuri-
5, — bears the following testimony to the
iracter, miracles, and doctrines of Josus
irist.
A.fter relating a sedition of the Jews against
intius Pilate, which the latter had quelled,
says, — "Now there was about this time
Bus a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a
kn ; for he performed many wonderful works.
p was the teacher of such men as received
e truth with pleasure. He drew over to
p many of the Jews, and also many of the
^ntiles. This was the Christ. And when
ilate, at the instigation of the principal men
liong us, had condemned him to the cross,
lose who had loved him from the first did
ft cease to adhere to him. For he appeared
] them alive again, on the third day; the
ivine prophets having foretold these and ten
iousatid other wonderful things concerning
m. And the tribe (or sect) of Christians, so
med from him, subsists to this time."
2. The Talmuds,* though blended with
uch falsehood, and with malicious insinua-
)ns against Jesus Christ, refer to his na-
it}', relate his journey into Egypt, and do
It deny that he performed numerous eminent
iracles.
ut they absurdly ascribe them to his hav-
g acquired the right pronunciation of the
lemmaphoresh, or the ineffable name of God,
hich (they say) he clandestinely stole out of
* The Talmuds are two in number, and consist of two
rts, viz. the Mishna and the Oetnara. — The Mishna
a collection of Jewish traditions, which were com-
itted to writing by Eabbi Jehudah, surnamed Hak-
dosh or the Soty, about the middle of the second cen-
On tliis there are extant two commentaries, by
e Jews, called Gemara, i. e. perfection ; viz. that of
Tusalera ; which was compiled in the third or fourth
ntury, and that of Babylon, compiled in the sixth
ntury. When the Mishna or text, and the Gemara
commentary, accompany each other, they are called
e Talmud; and accordingly as the .Jeru.^alem or Baby-
nish commentary accompanies the Mishna, it is called
e Jerusalem or Babylonish Talmud.
the temple: or they impute it to the magic
arts, which he learnt in Egypt (whence they
affirm that he brought them, having inserted
them in his fiesh), and exercised with greater
dexterity than any other impostor ever did !
They call him Jesus of Nazareth, the son of
Maty, the daughter of Eli. whose son he was
without the knowledge of her husband. After
this, they saj', he fled into Egj'pl, and there
d those magic art-^, by which he was en-
abled to perform all his miracles. Again,
hey own two witnesses were suborned to
swear against him, and declare that he wa-<
crucified on the evening of the passover.
Mention is also made in those writings of
several of his disciples, of Matthew, Thad-
ajus, and Bauni, the name of him who was
afterwards called Nicoderaus, and of whim,
as a very great, and good, and pious ruler,
much is related in these books. In one of
them Bliez n- tells his friend Akiba, that ho
met with James, a disciple of Jesus of Naza-
th, in Zippor, a town in Galilee; who gave
him the interpretation of a passage in the Old
Testament, which lie had received from Jesus,
and with which Elicziir was at that time
pleased. That thj disciples of Jesus had the
power of working miracles, anil the gift of
healing, in the name of their Master, is con-
fessed b}' these Jews ; who give au instance
of it in the grandson of Rabbi Joshua, the son
of Levi, wh ) being in great danger, one of the
disciples came and would have cured him in
the name of Jesus. This power is again ac-
knowledged in the case of the son of Dama,
grandson of Ishmael, who was dying of the
bite of a serpent, when James, the same who
had the conference with Eliezer, came and
offered to cure the young man, but the grand-
father forbad it, and he died. In a much later
work of the Jews (the Toledoth Jesu), and
that the most virulent of all the invectives
against Jesus, his power of raising from the
dead, and healing leprous persons, is repeat
edly acknowledged. Further, it appears from
the Talmuds, that Christ was put to death on
the evening of the passover, and that a crier
preceded him for forty days, proclaiming,
" This man comes forth to be stoned, because
he dealt in sorcery, and persuaded and seduced
Israel." But the Talmudical acknowledgments
of the miracles, of his preaching, and of his
suffering as a malefactor, are blended with
most virulent aspersions of his character, of
his mother Mary, and also of the Christians.
The falsehood of these assertions has been
well exposed by Professor Vernet. Concern-
ing the destruction of Jerusalem by Vespasian
and Titus, the testimony of the Talmuds is
very valuable.
Nor are the testimonies of heathen adver-
saries to Christianity less explicit or less satis-
factory than those stated in the preceding
pages : these may be arranged under two
classes, viz. 1. Testimonies to the life and
character of Jesus Christ, and 2. Testimonies
relative to the Christians.
1. Testimonies to the Life and Character of
Jesus Christ.
(L) Po.NTius Pilate. — The ancient Romans
were particularly careful to preserve the mem-
ory of all remarkable events which happened
'a the city ; and this was done either in their
ids of the Senate (Acta Sanatus), or in the
Daily Acts of the People (Ada D'.urna Populi,}
which were diligently male and kept atRome.
In like manner, it was customary for the
governors of provinces to send to the emperor
an account of remarkable transactions that
occurred in the placci where they resided,
which were preserved as the acts of their re-
spective governments. In conformity with
this usage, Pilate kept memoirs of the Jewish
iflfairs during his procuratorship, which were
therefore called Acta Pdati. Referring to this
isage, Eusebius says — " Our Saviour's resur-
eclion being much talked of throughout Pal-
stine, Pilate informed the emperor of it, as
ikewise of his miracles, of which ho had
heard ; and that, being raised up after he had
been put to death, he was already believed by
many to be a God." These accounts were
never published for general perusal, but were
deposited among the archives of the empire,
where they served as a fund of information to
historians. Hence we find, long before the
time of Eusebius, that the primitive Chris-
tians, in their disputes with the Gontiles, ap-
])ealed to these acts of Pdate as to most un-
doubted testimony. Thus, Justin Martyr, in
his first apology for the Christians, which was
presented to the emperor Antoninus Pius and
the senate of Rome, about the year 140, hav-
ing mentioned the crucifixion of Jesus Christ,
and some of its attendant circumstances, adds,
— " And that these things were so done, you may
know from the Acts made in the time of Pontius
Pilate." Afterwards, in the same apology,
having noticed some of our Lord's miracles,
such as healing diseases and raising the dead,
he says, — "And that these things were done by
him, you may know from the Acts made in the
time of Pontius Pilate."
The learned TertuUian, in his Apology for
Christianity, about the year 200, after speak-
ing of our Saviour's crucifixion and resurrec-
tion, and his appearance to the disciples, and
ascension into heaven in the sight of the same
disciples, who were ordained by him to pub-
lish the Gospel over the world, thus proceeds :
— " Of all these things relating to Christ, Pilate
himself, in his conscience already a Christian,
SENT AN ACCOUNT to Tibcrius, then emperor."
The same writer, in the same Apology, thus
relates the proceedings of Tiberius on receiv-
ing this information : " There was an ancient
decree that no one should be received for a
deity, unless he was first approved by the
" — *'^ Tiberius, in whose time the Chris-
had its rise, having
senate.
tian name" (or religion)
received from Palestine in Syria, an account
of such things as manifested the truth of his"
(^Christ's) "divinity, proposed to the senate
that he should be enrolled among the Roman
170
THE FRIEND.
g-ods, and gave his own prerogative vote in
lavor of the motion. But the seuato" — (with-
out whose consent no deification could take
place) — " rejected it, because the emperor him
telf had declined the same honor. Never-
theless, the emperor persisted in his opinion,
and threatened punishment to the accusers of
the Christians. Siarch your own commen
TARiES (or public writings), you will there find
that Nero loas the first who raged with the im
perial sword against this sect, when rising most
at Rome." These testimonies of Justin and
Tertullian are taken from public apologies for
the Christian religion, which were presented
either to the emperor and senate of Rome, or
to magistrates of public authority and great
distinction in the Roman empire. Now it is
incredible that such writers would have ma<
such appeals, especially to the very persons
in whose custody these documents were, had
they not been fully satisfied of their existence
and contents.
(2.) Suetonius, a Roman historian who
flourished in the reign of the emperor Trajan,
A. D. 116, refers to Christ, when he says that
"Claudius Ca3sar expelled the Jews from
Rome, because they raised continual tumults
at the instigation of Christ," who (it is well
known) was sometimes called Chrestus, and
his disciples Ohrestians." This event took
place A. D. 52, within twenty years after the
crucifixion.
(3.) Tacitus, the historian, who also flour-
ished under Trajan, a. d. 110, when writing
the history of Nero (Claudius's successor), and
speaking of the Christians, a. d. 64, says that
" the author of that (sect or) name was
Christus, who in the reign of Tiberius was
room where the Judge was. John says:
" When we came to him he rose up, and took
the candle in his hand and said, 'Are you the
strangers that I have sent for?' I said, ' Who
thou may'st expect I know not, but we are
strangers.' When he had looked well in my
face, he set down the candle and said, ' What
a mercy is this, that the Lord should send
men from I know not where, in his love to
visit me!' and took me in his arms and kissed
me ; and I said to him, ' The Lord of heaven
and earth bless thee ;' and we shed many tears
and wept together.
"As I entered the house, I felt the love of
God; and his glory, I thought, shone in and
filled every room as I passed through them
and I said, ' Peace be to this place,' and I felt
it was so."
The next morning, " I was walking in our
lodging-room e irly, and the Judge's wife came
to the door and asked, if she might speak with
us? I said, she might; then she came in and
said, she had a message from her husband to
us. I queried what it was. She said, he de-
sired we would come and pray for him before
we went away. I desired she would favor us
so much as to lay before her husband some-
thing which I had to sa}-, and she promised
she would : well then, tell the Judge, that if
he will suffer us to come into his room, and
sit down and %vait upon the Lord, as our man-
ner is in such a case as this, if it please the
Lord to move us by his Holy Spirit to pray,
wo may ; but if not, let not the Judge take it
amiss, for we are willing to be at the Lord's
lisposing in all things. She wont, and I be-
lieve, as she said, laid the matter before him as
I had delivered it to her ; for she was a woman
punished with death, as a criminal, by the of a good understanding, and came back again
procurator Pontius Pilate." And,
(4) The younger Pltny, in his celebrated
letter to Trajan, written a. d. 107, says that
Jesus was worshipped by his followers as Goc
— "They sing among themselves, alternately,
a hymn to Christ as to God."
CTo be ooDtinned.)
Iiiciilcuts ami Reflections.— No.
' The Frieud."
B.
Among the pleasant things to which the
mind i-everts with grateful feeling, as the oc-
currences of foitner years pass in review be-
fore it, are some of those seasons of spiritual
refreshment, which are often spoken of in the
Society of Friends as "religious opportunities."
When friends and relatives are gathered in
social circle, and passing the time in conver-
sation, a feeling of silent solemnity sometimes
spreads over the little company. One after
another yields to the quieting influence, till
without a word being said, all are found wait-
ing in silence on the Lord, and gathered into
a sense of His holy presence. The silence is
sometimes broken by the voice of supplica-
tion, or the word of exhortation ; and some-
times it continues unbroken till a liberty is
felt again to resume the social converse. We
doubt not most of our readers can recall such
seasons, in which their hearts have been
melted before the Lord, and earnest desires
raised to run with patience in the heavenly
path set before them.
John Richardson relates that after landing
on the Bermudas, he and his companion ciime
after night to the house of Richard Stafford,
an old man in the station of Judge, who was
one of the leading men on the island. On
reaching the house, his wife took them to the
to us in a very little time. I asked what tho
Judge said? She replied, he said, 'Let the
men take their own way, and whether they
pray for me or not, I believe they are men of
God:' So after some little respite, we being
brought to the Judge's bed-side, sat down and
waited upon the Lord, who was pleased in his
love and by his mighty power, to break '
upon us, and also opened my month in his
gift of grace and of supplication, in which
gift, ardent and fervent cries went up to the
Lord of heaven and earth that He would send
health and salvation to tho Judge, and also
to all his family, and "to all people far and
near, that all every where might repent and
come to the knowledge of the Truth and be
saved. The Judge wept aloud, and a mighty
visitation it was to his family, and especially
to himself and his tender wife. We left the
Judge in a fine frame of spirit, and no doubt
near the kingdom."
Thomas Story mentions, that in the course
of one of his religious visits, he came to Bris-
tol, " Where, lodging at our ancient and hon-
orable friend, Richard Snead's, one morning
the canopy of the Divine presence came over
us in the family, and brought us all into right
'lence for a time; and then the holy spirit of
prayer and supplication came upon us : And,
while we were in that exercise, William Ponn,
who ever loved the Truth in the meanest,
came into the room, and joined with us; and,
after him, that ancient, able and eminent
Friend and minister of the Lord Jesus, Roger
Haddock, who joined in the same likewise ;
and some others following them, all coming
to see us, wore favoured with the same visita-
Beloved, to our great and mutual rofreshme
edification and consolation."
On another occasion, when at West Alli
dale, he says, "In the evening came to
several friends, and among others our ancit
and honorable friend, Cuthbort Featherstor
and, as we were conversing together in th
friendship which the Lord begets in those w
are his, He drew our minds under the cano
of Divine silence; in which, remaining foi
time, we had a heavenly visitation of his so
melting goodness together; and 1, observi
the tears to trickle down from the eyes of c
ancient friend, upon his clothes, was great
affected with love towards him from the sai
cause; and had this hope and confidence up
that occasion, that as I then observed tho Lc
was as near his children in old age, who h
served Him faithfully from the time of thi
visitation, as when He first revealed Hims'
through his Son, the Lord Jesus Christ
their own hearts, so He would be with t
also in advanced years, if I proved faithful a
true to the Lord, and attained that degrei
In 1698, when he was about to embark i
America on a religious visit, several of 1
friends accompanied him on board the vess
in which he proposed to make the voyas
He says : "Being together in the great caWi
the good presence of the Lord commandJ
deep and inward silence before Him, and tl
Comforter of the just brake in upon us by li
irresistible power, and greatly tendered us t
gether in his heavenly love, whereby we wej
melted into many tears. Glorious was thi
appearance to the humbling of us all, and a
miration of some there who did not und(i
stand it. And, in this condition, wo remaim
for a considerable season ; and then Willia
Penn was concerned in prayer 'For the goc
and preservation of all, and more especial i
for us then about to leave them ; with thank,
giving also for all the favours of God, and fii
that holy and precious enjoyment, as an a
dition to his many former blessings.' Ar
when he had finished, the Lord repeated h,
own holy embraces of Divine soul-meltin]
love upon the silent weeping assembly, lo tlj
full confirmation of us niore immediately coi.
cerned, and further evidence to tho brethrej
of the truth of our calling."
Sarah Lynes Grubb, in one of her letterj
after speaking of the marriage of her deg'
friend, Ann Baker, says: "We made an e;j
cursion to Malvern, eight miles distant fror.
Worcester, where we were delighted with thi
admirable display of the beauties of nature i|
the country; but without attempting a tasi
I am unequal to, that of describing the 8cea(.i
I hasten to tell thee that 1 think we had j
mark that this innocent gratification was no
displeasing to our Heavenly Father ; for, a
we had descended a little below the sumrai
of the highest hill, sitting down to rest on
bank, an uncommon degree of Divine ligh
sweetness spread over my mind, undc
which I recollected a dream I had in the wir
tor, and felt the opening of life to tell it t
ray companions, and that the reality was the
my experience. I dreamed I was on an cm
nence, surrounded by my fellow-creatures i
their habitations, and under great exercis
for myself and them, when serenity and sweet
ness preciously diffused itself into my soul, an^
my tongue was loosened to sing, 'Alleluia
Alleluia.' The relating of.it, together wit
tion and good presence of the Lord our God, enlargement through the gospel light vouch
md the enjoyment of Him together in the sated at the time, broke us all into contrition
THE FRIEND.
171
rdear Ann said a little matter, and suppli- 1 "Joseph Liugford, Bishop Auckland, whose able to speak to such as might be under the
ion was poured forth, with thanksgiving
d praise to Him who shuts and none can
;n, who opens and none can shut. We
nt home under the consoling persuasion
it lie mercifully cares for, his little ones.
It the incomes of love and life so strong,
lie thus, as it were, unbent with my dear
n, that we reckoned it might be intended
answer the purposeof the forty days' food."
The Sale of Tobaeeo.
In a recent number of the Episcopal Re-
rder, published in this city, is a letter taken
jm an English periodical, giving the names
several dealers who have recently given up
6 sale of tobacco, from a conviction of its
jurious effects upon those who use it. From
is letter the following passages are extract-
hich give a gratifying evidence of adhe-
to principle rising above mercenary eon-
lerations.
That the relinquishment, on consciencious
ounds, of the lucrative sale of articles which
nd to injure one's neighbor not only brings
ilh it its own immediate reward, but is un-
tended in most cases by a pecuniary loss,
recently received some pleasing illustra-
ons in connection with the sale ot tobacco,
shall merely premise that the evidence which
led to a decision in most of the cases re-
1 to was the medical testimony of the
Uowing (among other) celebrated physi
viz: Sir Benj. Brodie, Dr. B. W. Rich
rdson, f. r. s., Professors Solly and Lizars,
Edmunds, and Dr. Drysdale, whose opin-
s are published gratis (as tracts or pam-
hlets) by the Anti-Narcotic League, 26 Cor
oration street, Manchester, England.
George Whitehurst, Mow Cop, has sent me
he following letter : ' I have given up the sale
f tobacco, as I firmly believe it to be a physi-
al, social, mental, and moral evil, whether
baoked, chewed, or snuffed. It was no small
l-ial to summon up courage to act out my
bnvietions, as I live in the midst of a mining
opulation, and some of my best customers
7ere inveterate smokers ; but I did it by God's
elp, and although I have lost by it at pre-
fent, jet I believe that if a man suffers for
onscience sake, the sun will smile upon him
'y-and-by.'
" "James Smith, Grassmarket, Edinburgh,
Wites : ' When I succeeded to mv father's
business I dropped, on principle, the sale of
lobacco and snuff, and I have never for one
foment had reason to regret the step I took,
the few customers I lost by so doing were
speedily replaced fourfold. I have now the
supremo satisfaction of offering for daily sale
3nly such goods as directlj' benefit mankind.'
"Alfred Stephenson, Grimsby, writes: 'Since
joining the Anti-Tobacco Society I have given
ap the sale of tobacco, notwithstanding that
mine is the largest familj^ grocery store in the
town, and although we turn hundreds of to-
bacco customers away, yet I cannot tell that
my returns have suffered, but rather other-
wise.'
" James Griffiths, Horslyfields, Wolver-
hampton, wrote: 'You may be glad to hear
that I have given up the sale of tobacco, as
well as its use. I wavered for a year or two,
for fear of injuring the other portion of my
business. But after twelve mouths' trial I
am thankful to say that bu:
creased.'
eturns from tobacco were £100 per week, re
cently sent the following circular to his cus-
tomers: 'Being desirous not to put you to
necessary inconvenience, I hereby inform
you that I intend to discontinue the sale of
tobacco and snuff on and after . Believ-
ing, as I do, that the use of tobacco is fraught
with much mischief, especially to the young,
I have for some time felt it to be inconsistent
to deal in an article which, according to emi-
ent medical testimony, is injurious to the
system.'
"E. Aungier, King street, Witton Park,
Durham, writes : 'I was selling cigars to the
amount of about 10s. a week, and all to little
boys ; but I may say that I am just as well
off without it, and am quite willing to give
the profit to those who think it a good trade.'
"Joseph Roa,Churchview, Lisburn, writes:
' I have never used tobacco myself, but sold
it extensivelj-, until, from reading and wit-
nessing the prevalence of the habit among
very small boys, I gave up the sale entirely.'
" The following other dealers have given up
the sale of tobacco: E. A. Vince, Harrow ; E.
Glaizyer, Leighton Buzzard ; John Suffrey,
Sheerness-on-Sea.
Frank Spenok.
Manchester, Aug. 19;A."
For "The Friend."
John Croker.
(Conclnded from p.ige 105.)
John Croker was a faithful attender at
meetings, allowing nothing to prevent his
gathering with Friends, though his residence
was several miles from the meeting-house, and
he says, whatever I neglected, I attended it,
if at home, on Fourth-days as well as First-
days."
We find, in perusing his memoir, that he,
like others who have been called to labor in
the Lord's vineyard, and to proclaim to the
world the gospel of our Lord and Savioui
Jesus Christ, was not exempt from the temp
tations of an unwearied adversary; who tires
not in his endeavors to turn those aside who
are striving to follow in the footsteps of the
Redeemer; and who at times seems but to
double his diligence in laying his snares with
which to beguUe them, as he sees their eyes
are becoming more and more watchful of their
steppings, and that they are serving a Leader
I whose power is fur beyond his own. It was
during one of these times of trial and deep
proving, that he wrote the following :
■ I found I had in some way or other re-
ceived hurt; for there seemed to come over
me a cloud of thick darkness, so that my
mouth was stopt for a time ; and I was as in
a wilderness, having no comfort in meetings
nor in retirements, but great temptation fol-
lowed me, and it was with me sleeping and
waking, insomuch that I was not able to follow
my business. At last I thought I would make
my state and exercise known to my father
and mother-in-law Peters, who were not only
related to me by marriage, but were truly
near in spirit. When they had the knowled,
of it, I had their advice ; and their prayers for
me were not wanting, and I have reason to
believe were answered ; for in a little time the
temptation began to grow weaker and weaker,
— strength began to increase, — and light
shine out of darkness, which gave me to see
has in-|the travail of my soul, and thatit was good for
mo to bo tried, — for I should thus bo bcttet
like affiiction. Then I had a worJ to speak
again for God amongst his people, and cheer-
fulness increased. I also became fit for con-
versation with others, and followed my busi-
ness, in which God blessed me, and I took
delight in my friends."
About the year 1701, he accompanied his
father-in-law in visiting meetings, where, he
says, " as I found my heart engaged I dropped
a few words."
In 1702, he again entered into marriage
with Elizabeth Gates, and settled in Cornwall,
where they resided nine years, afterwards re-
moving with their three children to Horsham,
his wife's native place.
He was closely concerned for the welfare
of their children, which will be shown by the
following extract froni a letter written to
his son Charles, probably the eldest of the
family:
" Remember thy Creator in the days of thy
youth. The more thou continuest thus to do,
the more the Lord will love thee. What op-
portunities thou hast, spend in serving God,
by privately walking and meditating on the
things of God, and what relates to thy eternal
good. Keep to meetings, and when there,
bend thy mind to God, desiring him to be a
stay thereunto, for in vain thoughts the Lord
has no pleasure. Delight thyself in the com-
pany of good honest Friends, discoursing of
good things, as thou hast opportunity for it.
Be diligent to hear the ancient Friends or
elders, whose experience hath been great in
the Lord ; and let thy words be few, seasoned
with grace, that those who converse with thee
may have cause to say, that thou art one who
is careful to be a good example, both in words
and actions. Flee from all bad company as
from a serpent ; for if thou hast not a care,
they will betray thy soul, and bring thee into
thraldom, for the end of such is to propagate
and advance their master's kingdom, which
is the devil,thepleasure-mongcrof this world.
Mind to fear always lest thou should offend ;
and often inquire in thy heart, of God, the
way towards His kingdom, that thou mayest
not miss the crown of glory, and thou hast no
need to question but He will lead thee on, and
arm thee with strength to withstand the devil
and his agents. Remember that I, thy father,
have left it for thee to take notice of, that
thou art brought into a world where the devil
reigns in the heart of very many, and such
seek to betray thee. Therefore have a
care and watch in the light of the Lord who
shineth in the secret of the soul. Take heed
unto it, for it never consenteth to any evil
action ; mind the leadings of ft, which as it is
obeyed, will open wisdom unto thee, whereby
thou wilt come to be wise in the things of
God.
"Look not abroad after outward things
and outward wisdom, or to any of the lo-heres
or lo-theres ; the Lord is nigh to all them that
love Him, therefore, attend upon Him daily,
and He will make thee wise unto salvation ;
His wisdom is beyond rubies, or the golden
wedge of Ophir ; there is nothing to be com-
pared with it. Remember that I have told
thee. He that is the giver is near unto thee.
A measure or manifestation of his Spirit is in
the closet of thy heart; therefore, sink deep
there, for there the pearl is to be found. I
know, and am well satisfied, if thou keeps near
to the Lord, it will be well with thee ; and
the Lord whom I desire to serve, will do great
17^
THE FRIEND.
things for tlioe, and thou wilt bo honorable
iu thy da}-.
" Ixead not in foolish books, with which the
nation abounds ; but read in the Holy Scrip-
tures, in which there is a great deal of com
fort : for by this wisdom wliich I would have
thee peek diligently after, they, the Scriptures,
are able to make wise unto salvation ; like-
wise read Friends' books, and others which
tend to edification.
* * * " The abundance of the things in
this life never made any happy, but it is god
liness with content, that hath ever been the
great gain of the righteous, which thej' labo
for more than for outward riches, Therefore
as I have said, seek the kingdom of God and
the righteousness thereof, and all other thing;
shall be added. And if the Lord should be
pleased to bless thee in the things of this life,
set not thy heart thereon ; it is a blessing be
stowed on thee, the more to humble thy sonl
for the more God gives, the more humble He
expects us to bo. If losses and crosses come,
be not dismayed or discouraged ; the Lord
sees what is best for thee ; and remember
what a good man said in bis day: 'I hav
been young, and now am old, yet I have not
seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed beg
ging bread.' Therefore be free, and desire
God to open thy heart to those that stand ii;
need, and be serviceable in thy day in doing
good, and communicate to those who stand in
need of outward things, with which God may
have blest thee."
In writing of the last daj'sof John Croker
his wife says: "Although ho had very litth
onse day or night, but was mostly in great
]iain, 3'et he gave us who attended on him
not one hasty or unsavory word; and he was
very tenderly concerned of me, lest I should
bo overmuch troubled for the loss of him ;
and said, ' we came together in love, and had
lived in love, and so should part;' with much
more of this kind."
His death took place on the twentj'-ninth
of the Eleventh month, 1727, aged very nearly
fifty five years.
From the "American Journal of Science and Arts."
Forest Geography anil Aieliasologj'.
BY ASA GRAY.
(Continued from page 162.)
The polar projection of the earth down to
the northern tropic, as here exhibited, shows
to the eye — as our maps do not — how all the
lands come together into one region, and how
natural it may be for the same species, under
homogenous conditions, to spread over it.
When we know, moreover, that sea and land
have varied greatly since these species exist-
ed, we may well believe that any ocean-gaps,
now in the way of equable distribution, may
have been bridged over. There is now only
one considerable gap.
What would happen if a cold period were
to come on from the north, and were very
slowly to carry the present arctic climate, or
something like it, down far into the temperate
zone ? Why, just what has happened in the
Glacial period, when tho refrigeration some-
how pushed all these plants before it down to
Southern Europe, to Middle Asia, to the mid-
dle and southern part of the United States ;
and, at length receding, left somo parts of
them stranded on the Pyrenees, tho Alps, the
Appenines, the Caucasus, on our White and
Rocky Mountains, or, wherever they could
escape the increasing warmth as well by as-
cending mountains as by receding northward
at lower levels. Those that kept together at
a low level, and made good their retreat, form
the main body of present arctic vegetation.
Those that took to the mountains had their
line of retreat cut off, and hold their positions
on the mountain-tops under cover of the frigid
climate due to elevation. The conditions of
these on different continents ordifferentmoun-
tains are similar, but not wholly alike. Some
species proved better adapted to one, some to
another, part of the world ; where less adapted,
or less adaptable, they have perished ; where
bettor adapted, they continue, — with or with-
out some change ; and hence the diversifica-
tion of alpine plants, as well as the general
likeness through all the northern hemisphere.
All this exactly applies to the temperate
zone vegetation, and to the trees that we are
concerned with. The clew was seized when
the fossil botany of tho high arctic regions
came to light ; when it was demonstrated that
in the times next preceding the Glacial period
— in the latent Tertiary — from Spitzbergen
and Iceland to Greenland and Kamtschatka,
a climate like that we now enjoy prevailed,
and forests like those of New'England and
Virginia, and California, clothed tho land.
We infer tho climate from tho trees; and the
trees give sure indications of the climate.
I bad divined and published the explana-
tion long before I knew of the fossil plants.
These, since made known, render the infer-
ence sure, and givj us a clear idea of jast what
the climate was. At the time we speak of,
Greenland, Spitzbergen and our arctic sea-
shore, hiid the climate of Pennsylvania and
Virginia now. It would take too much time
to enumerate the sortJ of trees that have been
identified by their lor.ves and fruits in the
arctic later Tertiary deposits.
I can only say, at large, that tho same
species have been found all round the world ;
that the richest and m.ost extensive finds are
in Greenland; that they comprise most of the
sons which I have spoken of, as American
trees which once lived in Europe, — Magnolias,
Sassafras, Hickories, Gum-trees, our identical
Southern Cypress (for all we can see of differ-
ence), and especially Sequoias, not only the
two which obviously answer to the two Big-
trees now peculiar to California, but several
others ; that they equally comprise trees now
peculiar to Japan and China, three kinds of
Gingko-trees, for instance, one of them not
evidently distinguishable from the Japan spe-
cies which alone survives ; that we have evi-
dence, not merely of Pines and Maples, Pop-
lars, Birches, Lindens, and whatever else
characterize the temporate-zonc forests of our
era, but also of particular species of these, so
like those of our own time and country, that
wo may fairly reckon them as the ancestors
of several of ours. Long genealogies always
deal more or less in conjecture ; but we appear
to be within the limits of scientific inference
when we announce that our existing tem-
perate trees came from the north, and within
the bounds of nigh probability when we claim
not a few of them as the originals of present
pecies. Remains of tho same plants have
been found i'ossil in our temperate region, as
well as in Europe.
Hero, then, we have reached a fair answer
to the question how tho same or similar spo-
of our trees came to bo so dispersed over
such widolj' separated continents. The hin
all diverge from a polar centre, and iIk
proximate portions — however different In
their present configuration and extent, a
however changed at different times — 'v;
once the home' of those trees, where th>
flourished in a temperate climate. Tho cc
period which followed, and which doubtlt
came on by very slow degrees during ages
time, must have long before its culminatii
have brought down to our latitudes, with tl
similar climate, the forest they possess no
or rather the ancestors of it. During tt
long (and we may believe first) occupancy
Europe and the United States, weredepositi
in pools and shallow waters the cast leavi
fruits, and occasionally branches, which a
imbedded in what are called Miocene Tertiai
or later deposits, most abundant in Europ
from which the American character of tl
vegetation of the period is inferred. Gool
gists give the same name to these beds,
Greenland and Southern Europe, because the
contain the remains of identical and vei
similar species of plants; and they used 1
regard them as of the same age on account
this identity. But in fact this identity is go
evidence that they cannot be synchronou
The bods in the lower latitudes must bo late
and were forming when Greenland probabl
had very nearly the climate which it hi
now.
Wherefore the high, and not tho low, lat
tudes must be assumed as the birth-placo
our present flora ;* and the present arctic vogi
tation is best regarded as a derivative of tb
temperate. This flora, which when cir
polar was as nearly homogenous round th
high latitudes as the arctic vegetation is nov
when slowly translated into lower latitud
would preserve its homogeneousness enoiig
to account for the actual distribution of th
same and similar species round the world, an
for the original endowment of Europe wit)
what we now call American types. It wou
also vary or be selected from by tho increas
ing differentiation of climate in the divergen
continents, and on their different sides, in
way which might well account for the preson
diversification. From an early period, th
system of the winds, tho great ocean current
(however they may have oscillated north aud
south), and the general proportions and fea'
tures of tho continents in our latitude (at leas
of the American continent) were much th(
same as now, so that species of plants, ever S(
little adapted or predisposed to cold winter:
and hot summers, would abide and bo do
veloped on the eastern side of continents
therefore in the Atlantic United States and ii
Japan and Manchuria; those with preference
for milder winters would incline to the west
ern sides; those disposed to tolerate dryness
would tend to interiors, or to regions lacking
summer rain. So that, if the same thousanc
species were thrust promiscuously into thess
several districts, and carried slowly onwarc
in the M'ay supposed, Xhay would inevitably
be sifted in such a manner that the 8ur-\
of the fittest for each district might esplaic
the present diversity.
* Thifl takes for gr.anteil, after Norden.^kiold, thai
there was no preceding Glacial period, as neitlier p
ontology nor the study of arctic sedimentary .si
afford any evidence of it. Or if there were any, it was
too remote in time to concern the present question.
(To be cciDcludod.)
THE FRIEND.
173
stimony from the Monthly Meeting at G
Ue, in the County of Cumberland, contnining
account of the life and services of our dear
id worthy friend, Christopher Story.
his our dear friend aud worthy elder, was
1 at Kighead, in the Parish of Kirlcling-
and County of Cumberland, in the year
3, and was convinced of the Truth, and re-
ed it in the love of it, in the year 1672, be-
about the 24th year of his age. And the
d who was graciously pleased to visit and
er him, as one of the first fruits in this
i of the borders of England, and caused
to work in his vineysird earl3-, endowed
with a good understanding of the things
aining to his kingdom, and in the year
1 bestowed on him a gilt of the ministry,
ich bo exercised freely' ; and we have good
?e to believe he made £;ood improvement
eof, as appeared b^' liis faithful and un
ried labor in the Church of Christ in these
ts. His service among us was great and
accepted, he being one who raled well in
own house, and also in the Church, for
ch he was counted worthy of double
He visited the meetings in this
on, also in Ireland and Scotland divers
es; and as his service was great, and well
Bived amongst his brethren, both at home
abroad, so likewise it was often his con-
in our own county to appoint meetings
)ng other people, which frequently proved
reat satisfaction, and caused many to con-
to the truth, he being endued with a living,
n and powerful testimony, to the reaching
he hearts and consciences of the hearers,
is care over the people of (rod was great,
all who professed the truth might walk
meless, and come up in faithfulness in every
neh of their testimony. Zealous he was
linst undue liberty or going into excess in
ing or drinking, or into the foolish, vain
I gaudy fashions of the world, in superfluity
apparel; and his circumspect behavior,
ich was attended with much meekness and
ivity, had often an awful effect upon such.
3e suffered imprisonment and spoiling of
Jds with much patience, which proved to
his lot pretty early, by wicked men who
tame informers, seeking his ruin with many
lers; j'et the Lord preserved him in faith-
ness, and brought him clean through all
fse exercises. He stood firm in his testi-
my against the anti-Christian yoke of
hes, that none might be unfaithful there-
I either in paying or receiving them. And
vinga gift beyond many in the government
church affairs, he exercised the same in
ich wisdom and prudence, and labored dili-
atly for the peace of the Church, and to
2p out everything that might appear to
ise strife and debate. He had an excellent
t of healing and making up of breaches,
id although his way was nob to lay sudiien
nds on any, yet he was indeed as a tender,
rsing father, and watched with a careful
3 of love over the flock of Christ, that no
rtful thing might get place among them,
great lover and promoter of good order and
cipline, and very diligent to attend meet-
's of that nature, leaving his own business
serve the Church. And when it was his
icern to deal with any by way of rebuke,
was in much tenderness and solidity, and
tin harshness or sourness. He wasapattern
humility in his conduct and conversation,
d bore a noble testimony against pride in
every branch of it, and also against covetous-
ness and the eagi.-r pursuit of things of this
world, by launching into trade and' business
beyond men's abilities and capacities, as be-
ing great enemies to the work of God and the
prospeiity of his truth. And as he was much
loved and honored amongst his brethren be-
cause of his faithfulness, so he was greatly
esteemed by his neighbors, whom he was very
ready to serve in reconciling differences and
preventing lawsuits. And as he was not
negligent in the work of the Lord to pro-
mote truth and righteousness, wherever his
lot was among any people, being of an uni-
versal spirit, and concerned for the good and
welfare of all, so when at home about his law-
ful affairs, he was not negligent in providing
things honest in the sight of all. And the
Lord was pleased to bless his endeavors by
affording him outward mercies, and giving
him wisdom in using them in moderation ; so
that he was a good example in his county,
having his heart and house open to receive
and entertain the Lord's servants and mes-
sengers. He was a great encourager of his
children and servants to frequent meetings;
but a great discourager of their going to mar-
kets and fairs unnecessarily, and often cau-
tioned Friends of the great danger that youth
were in, of being drawn into too much libertj'
at such times, and thereby bringing reproach
upon the Truth, and disesteem upon them
selves.
And though he was much against idleness,
and such as spent their time like the sluggard,
yet was he charitable and compassionate to
the poor, and such as were in want, and would
often provoke and stir up Friends to liberality
in contributions, and was himself exemplary
herein.
And as old age came upon him, his zeal and
fervency were not lessened, which was de-
monstrated by the living freshness that at-
tended his ministry, and his continued con-
stancy in attending meetings, when under
great bodily weakness, having been seized
with a consumptive distemper, which in-
creased upon him about the space of nine
months, in all which time he bore his afflic-
tion with abundance of patience. Though
often in great bodily distres.-i, yet his inward
man was strengthened and renewed, and his
memory an<i understanding remained firm
and perfect; often commemorating the great
and unspeakable loving kindness and mercy
of God, in visiting him in his youth. And
much was the good counsel and seasonable
advice that dropped from him in Friends'
meetings, even in the times of his great weak-
ness; as also to many of several ranks and
legrees, who came to visit him, not forgetting
to give tender and fatherl}- advice frequently
to his own children. And though it be our
loss to bo deprived of such a worthy and
serviceable instrument in the Lord's hand as
he was, whose memory will remain sweet
among us; yet we firmly believe it is his
great gain; having finished his day's work,
his reward, we doubt not, is great with the
Lord.
He departed this life the 6th day of the 11th
month, 1720, and was buried the 8th of the
same, being accompanied to the burying
ground, at Hetherside, by the greatest num-
ber of Friends and others, that has almost
ever been seen in these parts at any buritil.
Aged seventy-two years. A minister forty-
three years."
For •'Tho Fricu.l."
Tlif BtrmiKlii Islands,
In the recently published volumes of the
results of the exploring voyage of the British
steamship "Challenger," there is an interest-
ing account of observations made on these
islands, from which the following has been
condensed.
Bermudas seem to have been discovered
about the year 1503, by Juan Bermudez, a
Spaniard. The first English printed account
of Bermudas is by Henry May, a sailor, who
was wrecked there in 1793, in a French ship.
May states that he and thu French crew found
on the island manj' hogs, and an abundance of
birds, fish and turtle. In 1609, the Sea Ad-
venture, dispatched from London to convey
the newly appointed Governor Gates, and
some other officials to the young colony of
Virginia, was wrecked on the shores of these
islands. At this time they were uninhabited,
and upon the return of some of the party to
England, a company was formed to colonize
it; the first settlers arrived in 1612, and it has
since been a British settlement. Of latter
time it has been an extensive naval station,
with a fort and garrison of troops.
The civil population, in 1871, was 12,426,
of whom 5030 were white, and 7396 colored.
In the earlier days of the settlement many
laborers and slaves were brought from Vir-
ginia and other parts of North America ; and
the aquiline nose and characteristic features
of the North American Indian may often ba
recognized ; now, however, except in one or
two families, very much masked by negro
intermixture.
Approaching the islands from the south-
ward, their general etfeet is somewhat sombre.
The land is low, rising nowhere to a height
greater than two hundred and sixt}' feet, and
by far the greater part forming gentle undu-
lations at a height of from twenty to sixty
feet above the sea level.
Although very valuable crops are raised,
it is by a system of market-gardening in iso-
lated patches rather than by agriculture, and
the islands cannot bo said to be generally or
uniformly cultivated. The whole area of the
islands is not more than 12,000 acres, and of
these only about 1200 are under cultivation.
The principal islands are well wooded, but the
great preponderance of the Bermudi;in cedar,
with a close and ligid foliage of the darkest
green, gives a gloomy character to the woods.
There is a total want of springs and wells
of fresh water, and it has become an almost
universal custom to roof the houses with thin
slabs of white limestone, and, further, to white-
wash both roof and walls; the rain-water
collected on the roof, and kept clean and fresh
by the eonstantlj' renewed whitewash, is care-
fully led into a tank, and forms the only sup-
ply of pure water. Everj' house of any pre-
tension is provided with such a tank, also
covered with a sloping whitewashed roof.
The white roofs are altogether peculiar, and
as the houses and cottages of the rural pojju-
'ation are scattered over the whole island, so
as almost to run into one continuous strag-
g village, the white squares gleaming
among the dark trees produce rather a pleas-
'ng effect, and one which is certainly very
characteristic of Bermudas.
Bermudas is practically an "atoll" or an-
nular coral reef. The reef is about twenty-
four miles in length by twelve in width. The
jjortion above the level of the sea, stretches
171
THE FRIEND.
along the Bouthern or weather side, and con-
sists of a chain of five narrow islands and a
niLiltitude of islets and detached rocks, which
raise the number of the elements of the archi-
pelago to over three hundred. There are
onl}' two or three channels thiough which
vessels can come in through the reefs on the
north side, and all of these are difficult. An
unbroken reef stretches along the south shore,
about a quarter of a mile from the land, from
one end of the islands to the other. The cen-
tral portion of the reef forms an imperfect
lagoon, with an average depth of seven to
eight fathoms. The general character of this
'atoll" is much the •same as that of like reefs
in the Pacific, with certain peculiarities de-
pending upon the circumstances that it is the
coral island farthest from the equator, almost
on the limit of the region of reef building
corals.
The water over the reefs is extremely clear,
and by using a water glass — a square bucket
with the bottom of plate glass, just lowered
so far as to get rid of the ripple and reflec-
tions of the surface — ever}' detail can be made
out of the economy of the reel's, and that of
their inhabitants.
The surface of the reef is covered with mas-
sive, branching, and feathery things of very
many kinds, occupying it as closelj' and as
irregularly as the various weeds do a fallow
tield. First we have the growing corals
themselves, which may represent the docks
and the thistles, or rather a mass of beautiful
marigolds and carnations, and daisies, which
have been thrown over a hedge in clearing a
luxuriant garden and gone on flowering.
Most of the Bermuda corals are like groups
of sea anemones, in every shade of purple,
orange or green. The base or stock of the
coral is dead, and forms part of the reef; but
each of the living branches is tipped with its
sea anemone. In most cases the bodies of
these sea anemones with their ranges of ten-
tacles and their high coloring, are so promi-
nent, that they entirely mask the corals; but
in a few, as in the brain coral, which seems
to thrive at Bermuda better than almost any-
where else, forming doniL-s six or eight feet in
diameter, the animal matter is in compara-
tively small quantity, and covers the coral
with what appears little more than a coating
of grayish or yellow mucus. Other zoophytes,
like the other more prominent weeds in afield,
grow in the spaces between the clumps of the
different kinds of coral, and beneath them
there is often a close fitting of sponges and
smaller zoophytes, which like corals, take
carbonate of lime from the sea water and in-
corporate it with their tissues.
All those things, living and dying, are con-
stantly yielding a fine powder of lime, which
sinks down and compacts in the spaces among
their roots, and every breaker of the surf
grinds down more material and packs it into
every hollow and crevice capable of receiving
and retaining it. The Bermudas of the pres-
ent, day is simply a bank of blown sand in
various stages of consolidation. There is only
one kind of rock in Bermudas. The islands
consist from end to end of a white granular
limestone, which makes excellent building
stone. The stone is cut out of the quarry in
rectangular blocks by means of a peculiarly
constructed saw, and the blocks, at first soft,
harden rapidly on being exposed to the air.
The fine coral sand which surrounds the
islands to a distance of about twenty miles, is
I washed in by the sea; it is then caught at
certain exposed points by the prevailing
winds and blown into sand hills often f&rty
or fifty feet in height. There is a wonderful
■'sand glacier" at Elbow Bay, on the southern
shore of the main island. The sand has en-
tirely filled up a valley, and is steadily pro-
gressing inland in a mass aboutfiveand twenty
feet thick. On its path upward from the beach,
this "glacier" had overwhelmed a wood of
cedars. Firewood is valuable in Bermudas,
and it is probable that in this case the trees
were cut down when their fate seemed inevi-
table. The only way of stopping it artificially
seems to be to cover it with vegetation. If
planted in large numbers, and tended and
watered for a time, it seems that oleanders
and the native juniper will grow in the pure
sand, and if they once take root the motion
of the sand ceases.
Wandering about among the pretty hill and
dale scenery of Bermudas, one is not at first
conscious of a singular omission, until all at
once it bursts upon him that there is not a
drop of water to be seen anywhere — no river,
stream, lake, not even a ditch or a duck-pond.
The heavy rain falls upon the porous sand
heap, and runs through it as if it were a sieve.
There are some marshes and ponds on the
main island, the marshes covered with a lux-
uriant vegetation ; but in all of them the wa-
ter is brackish, and they are all more or less
affected by the tide, though the rise and fall
are almost imperceptible in those at a distance
from the sea. The wells do not yield good
drinking water, and the people trust greatly
to their rain-water tanks.
Eeferenoe has already been made to the use
of the common oleander for arresting the pro-
gress of moving sand. The plant was intro-
duced into Bermudas in modern times, and
appears to have been encouraged, partly on
account of its value for that purpose, and
partly, doubtless, for its showy flowers. The
climate and soil seem to suit it wonderfully,
and it has regularly taken possession of the
islands. Large bushes, twenty feet high, are
everywhere — around the cottages, along the
roadsides, and in the woods; and thick hedges
of great height, planted partly as bounding
hedges, and partly for shelter, intersect the
cultivated ground in every direction. Noth-
ing can be imagined more ornamental. There
are all varieties of color, from white through
pale rose and lilac to nearly crimson ; the
flowers tend to come double or semi-double,
and they bloom most profusely. The olean-
der is not now so popular as it was, and al-
though it is still planted in large numbers in
shifting sand, it is suspected that high thick-
ets and hedges of it near dvvellings are not;
healthy, and latterly they have been cleared
away in many places.
As in all limestone districts, the caves at
Bermudas consist of large vaulted chambers
hollowed out in the rock by the removal of
its material by running fresh water or by the
action of the sea. The entrances are usually
small crevices in the rock, often masked
by vegetation. One called the Convolvulus
Cave, is covered with a glorious mantle of
Tpoiiiica 7iil, its ephemeral flowers changing
iluring the d:iy from brilliant azure to rich
purple. The Painter's Vale cave was thought
to be the prettiest of all. From the roof
innumerable stalactites perfectly white, often
several yards long and coming down to the
delicacj' of knitting-needles, hung in clus-
ters; and wherever there v^as any coniim
crack in the roof or wall, a graceful, suii I
ing curtain of white stalactite fell, and >>
ended, much to our surprise, deep in tlic
ter. Stalagmites also rose up in pinnai/h's
fringes through the water, which was so »
quisitely clear and still, that it was sonuti
difficult to tell where the solid marble trai
ended, and its reflected image began. In
cave, which is a considerable distance I'l
the sea, there is a slight change of level v
the tide sufficient to keep the water perle^
pure. The mouth of the cave is ovcr^ri
with foliage, and every tree is draped
festooned with the fragrant Jasminum <jra
mingled not unfrequently with the " po.
ivy."
(To bo continued.)
For "The Friei
Tiioiiglits and Feelings.
THE CROSS OP CHRIST.
Perhaps there is no more severe, whil
the same time no more indispensable reqi
tion made upon us as pilgrims to the heav(
country, than whole-hearted submission
obedience to the cross of Christ Jesus ; wh
in its thoroughly cleansing process, as
apostle represents, crucifies to the world ,
the world to us. The terms upon which al
we can become scholars and followe
crucified yet risen Saviour, arc thus clei
and unequivocally set forth by His own 1
" If any man will come after me, let him d
himself, and take up his cross daily, and
low me." And again, " Whosoever doth
bear his cross, and come after me, canno.
my disciple." Moreover, such strong \
did this subjugating doctrine take upon
mind and life of His faithful apostle, that
writes to the Galatians: " God forbid th
should glory, save in the cross of our L
Jesus Christ, by whom the world is cruci
unto me, and I unto the world."
The very term "cross" or "yoke," rc]
sents its nature with its leavening, subdu
operation upon us. Being always opposei
the natural will and desires of the carnal,
renewed heart, its aim is to mortify and dc
ly humble the selfish, proud nature witl
so as to bring it into conformity with
mind of Christ ; even that that portion of
prayer, given for our learning, from his o
hallowed lips, may have free course,
"Thy will be done on earth (in us) as
done in heaven." Wm. Penn, in his ad
able work entitled, "No cross, No cro\^
declares, that " The unmortified Christian ;
the heathen arc of the same religion." H
needful then is mortification, selfabaseme
and humility of mind, in order that wi
come doad to the world ; that the af!'ecti
and lusts be crucified ; that no flesh have rc
to glory ; and that what we are, we may
by the grace and cross of Jesus.
If this is the way Christians were made
the beginning, is there any new or easier v
of becoming Christians now ? Have the
quisitions of the gospel of Jesus grown ol
lete, or so changed as to suit the compior
ing, religious taste of the times? Have
terms of discipleship with a world-renounc
Lord become modified, so as to accomniod
and embrace the multitude, to whom '
preaching of the cross is foolishness ?" Oi
the straight gate and the narrow way so
largcd their ])ortals, as to admit such as h ;
not so disencumbered thcm'^elvcs of pn
THE FRIEND.
175
flesh, as, upon Christ's own condi-
alono obtain entrance there ?
'Vere there a due consideration of the im-
tance of this life, of the value of a soul, of
shortness and uncertainty of our tarriance
3, with the unsatisfying nature of every
;hly enjoyment unconnected with a faith
a hope which embraces the eternal be-
d, how it would point to a voluntary and
ided taking up of the cross; how tend to
ice a laying up treasure in heaven before
beyond anything else ; how to count
36 light afflictions" of earth as but for a
nent compared with the eternal recom-
86 of the reward ; how help to "lay aside
'y weight, and the sin that doth so easily
3t us, and to run with patience the race
before us, looking unto Jesus the author
finisher of our faith ; who, for thojoy that
set before him endured the cross despising
shame, and is now set down at the right
d of the throne of God."
laving promised to make His yoke easy
His burden light to such as are willing
ake it upon them; which is confirmed to
jy the concurrent testimony of every one
t has so submitted and committed thcm-
'es, why is it that sons and daughters —
ted children of the Loi-d — are not induced
yield themselves to Him, the Saviour, in
nility and contrition of soul ? Why do
y not, with Moses "choose rather to sufter
Iction with the people of God, than to en-
the pleasures of sin for a season '?" Why
they not rally unreservedly to the banner,
I submit themsi '
) of the
y not seek to become true-hearted disci
pupils in the Redeemer's school — that
Lhe narrow way of self-denial and the daily
the only one to the crown of glory
y may become the joyful recipients of th
world, without provoking others by ill-tern- 1
pered comments. The enmity of evil men is
a thing to be avoided — for while it can do us
no good, it may do us much harm.
Besides we may make mistakes in the haste
of honest indignation, and speak evil of good
men for acts we do not understand.
Such a mistake is worse than the other;
for while it is imprudent to promiscuously
denounce evil men, it is a cruel wrong to de-
fame a good one. — Late Fajjer.
For "The Friond."
"Speaking to yourselves in spiritual songs,
Making melody in your lieart to the Lord."
The reading of some articles in "The
Friend," of later times, stirs up some in-
cidents of the past in my mind, that may
not be without interest to others. Though
but a child when my grandfather died, some-
thing in his character and bearing made
an impression upon my mind for good, like
that of the just, whoso memory is blessed.
At the time of his marriage, in the year 1780,
he was nearly twenty-one years of age, of
good talents and agreeable manners; a pious
member of the Pnsbyterian denomination, by
whom he was much esteemed. He possessed
a deep, solemn voice, and was valued as a
leader in the exercises of congregational
singing. He was not only well satisfied in
these performances, but look great delight in
them, with sincerity of heart. At this time
mj' grandmother was a member of the Society
of Friends. When visited by Friends on ac-
jmsclves wholly to the discip- count of transgressing the discipline by her
traints of Jesus? Or why do marjiage, she said, she feared she was not in
the right state of mind to make the prope
acknowledgment .<it that time, and desired to
be disowned' till she could do so, which was
some time afterward. Her husband wasvery
kind in assistint; her to attend her meetin
y may become the joyful recipients of the kind in assisting her to attend her meetings,
undred fold ' promised such in this present Ithough he still kept to his own. My grand-
rid, and
ting.
in the world to
ife ever-
mother said, greatly as I desired him to come
with me, I never said much to him about it.
Unexpectedly to his friends, he stopped go-
^uil Speaking.— Speaking evil of others is ing to his accustomed place; and when fel-
of the most unamiable habits that can be low-professors came to urge his return, say-
uired, and one that leads to infinite mis-jing they could not do without his voice, he
ef. It is not always easy to avoid it, for | told them he could not. It appears that
re are a great many people in the world] while giving out some lines to be sung, he
e not what they ought to be, who dojfelt a check to his proceeding, and was given
ny things they ought not to do. It is hard to feel he was tempting others to say what
a blunt, generous mind to refrain from
3sing itself about mean people and mean
i. There is something in meanness' and
honesty that rouses the luxury of denounc-
; them in bold and unsparing terms. But
practice, as a practice, is a troublesome
i dangerous one. There are occasions when
is our duty to speak out in exposure of
ong. But in general it is best to abstain
1 evil speaking, even of evil persons. We
not made judges of others' actions. No
they felt not, and that he could no longer
mingle in this performance as an act of wor-
ship. He stayed at home with an exercised
mind. After some time he was free to go
with his wife, was received into membership
with Friends, and in course of time was ap-
pointed an elder. He lived the life of the up-
right, whose end is peace.
Can it be that any of our profession are re-
turning to that the Truth gave freedom from
thout a check or serious thoughtfulness.
e has the right to assume the character of that it is paving the way with weakness and
jiterand censor. Even the best of us have Isorrow to others. We may not judge other
V faults ; and if every one should presume
denounce the vices and misconduct of
liers, the world would be given up to defa-
xtion.
[We may see and hear much wo do not ad-
!re and cannot like ; we may become cogni-
bt of many evil deeds done by evil persons ;
!t it is a part of wisdom and discretion to
them by without notice, except when to
sects that are accustomed to their own way
according to their own belief. But such as
are seeking to introduce a new order of things
amongst us, according to their own wills, may
bo brought to solemn judgment by Him who
exeeuteth righteously.
The longer some of us live, the more silent
waiting in a meeting for worship is felt to be a
privilege to be sought for, and not trifled with ;
eak of them cautiously may be' necessary 'a profitable hour not to be interfered with by
warninii- to friends. [uncalled for offerings. It may be a season
3 all have enough of enemies in this of thanksgiving and praise to those whose
hearts are tuned aright ; who have undergone
a preparation to seek the Lord. But we may
often go to these meetings and find a host of
cumbering, disturbing things have followed
us, and have been carelessly or willingly al-
lowed a place in our minds. So at such times
our best feelings may be- wounded and tried.
But they who gather as in the presence of
their Maker, striving for solemn thought and
a crumb of faith-sustaining bread, will not
always be disappointed, but may rejoicingly
say at times, "Lo, this is our God, we have
waited for Him, and He will save us; this is
the Lord, we have waited for Him ; we will
bo glad, and rejoice in his salvation."
A Volcano 1600 feet high thrown upin the ISth Century.
Jorullo is a volcano of Mexico, in the State
of Michoacan, 160 miles west bj' south of the
City of Mexico. It rises from the plain of
Malpais, which forms a part of a platform
having a mean elevation of 2,500 feet above
the sea, and is on a line with a chain of vol-
canoes, including Tuxtle, Orizaba and Popo-
catapetl to the east, and Colima to the west.
From the discovery of America down to the
middle of the 18th century, no volcanic erup-
tion had occurred in this region ; and the pre-
sent site of Jorullo, about 100 miles from the
nearest sea, was the centre of a series of sugar
and indigo fields, drained by two small
streams, the Cuiiiraba and the San Pedro.
In June, 1759, strange hollow sounds were
audible, and earthquakes succeeded each
other until the end of September, when
flames issued from the ground, and rocka
were thrown to a prodigious height. On
the line of a chasm running from N. N.
B. to S. S. W., were formed six volcanic cones
composed of scorise and fragmentary lava, the
smallest of which attained 300 feet in height,
while Jorullo, the central volcano, rose to an
elevation of 1,000 feet above the level of the
plain, and launched forth streams of basaltic
lava with included fragments of granitic rocks,
which ejection did not cease until February,
1760. The natives, on returning to the spot
many years after the outbreak, found the
ground still uninhabited from the excessive
heat.
Around the base of the newly formed cones
and radiating from them as from a centre,
over an area of four square miles, is a convex
mass of matter some 550 feet high at its junc-
tion with the cones, and gradually sloping
thence in all directions toward the plain ; and
on its convex protuberance, sloping at an an-
gle of about G°, are thousands of low conical
mounds, called horniios, ranging from 6 to 9
feet in height, from which, as well as from
extensive "fissures across the plain, issued
clouds of sulphurous acid and aqueous vapor.
In 1827 they had entirely ceased to emit
steam, and the mountain has not since shown
any signs of activity ; vegetation had marked
progress on the flanks of the new hills, and
cultivation had been resumed on the fertile
plain surrounding tlie volcanic centre. The
great distance of Jorullo from the ocean is ob-
served by Lyell as an important circumstance,
showing that proximity to the sea, though a
common characteristic, is not an essential con-
dition of the site of active volcanoes. The
two streams above mentioned disappeared at
the time of the eruption below the eastern ex-
tremity of the plain, and afterward reappeared
as hot springs at its western limit. — Apple-
ton's American Cyclopedia.
17G
THE FRIEND.
Selected.
Third mo. 27Ui, 1859.— The Lord can raise
up his servants, and give them power to
preach his word, over all the opposing powers
of dari£Qess, and the secret resistance that
others may cherish, who feel coldness and in-
difference towards them. True ministers of
the gospel have nothing in view but to com-
ply with the Lord's will, that they may bo
found clear in the day of account. The spirit
of opposition to such, is felt at times in meet-
ings, and may be permitted to close up the
way for gospel service, but they who indulge
it will bring flatness over themselves, and
have to suffer for their wrong opposition to
the Lord's children and servants. How dif-
ferent is the state of meetings where brethren
and sisters draw near to one another in heart
and spirit, like holding up each other's hands,
ti-availing together for the arising of Divine
life, and rejoicing when the Lord opens the
way for the current of true baptising minis-
try to flow freely. Elder.s are appointed to
\yatch over the ministry, to guard and coun-
sel ministers, when needed ; if they have left
the gift, or said any thing not according to
sound doctrine, but this is not all their duty;
they have as much need as any others, to
watch over themselves, that they may know
what spirit rules and actuates them ; and they
are to give themselves up to sympathize with
the ministers, and to share in bearing the bur-
dens which they are brought under, by which
they may be preserved from judging in their
own will and temper, and may be made in-
struments to help them, and by a harmonious
labor and travail of soul, assist in bringing to
the birth CO iicernswhi<'h ministers are brought
under. Hereby they are fellow helpers in the
Lord. And when minisiers are raised up by
their Divine Master, in his authority, then a
harmonious exercise is again known in the
preaching of the Gospel, the Great Name is
exalted, and the baptizing power goes over
the meeting. Ministers and elders thus fulfil
their respective services, and contribute to
each other's growth and establishment in the
blessed Truth. The one preaching what the
Holy Spirit opens to them, and the other
keeping close to them in spirit, to aid and
steady them in their work, that they raaj'
not give out, nor deviate from the line of ser-
vice appointed them by the Great Minister of
the Sanctuary.— Win. Ecans' Journal.
Influence of a Holy Life. — " There is," says
Chalmers, " an energy of moral suasion in a
good man's life, passing the highest efforts of
the orator's genius. The seen but silent beauty
of holiness speaks more eloquently of God and
duty than the tongues of men. Lot parents
remember this. The best inheritance a parent
can bequeath to a child is a virtuous example,
a legacy of hallowed remembrances and asso-
ciations. The beauty of holiness beaming
through the life of a loved relative or friend,
is more effectual to strengthen such as do
stand in virtue's ways, and raise up those that
are bowed down, than precept, command, en-
treaty or warning."
Come, j'O blessed of the Lord, rejoice to-
gether, keep in unity and oneness of spirit.
Triumph over the world, bo joyful in the
Lord, reigning over the world! 'and above all
things that di'aw from the Lord ; that in clear-
ness, righteousness, pureness and joy, you may
bo preserved to the Lord. — &. Fox.
THE FRIEND,
FIRST MONTH 11, 1879.
SUMM.VRY OF EVENTS.
United States. — Tlie mean temperature at Phila-
delphia for the Twelfth month, was 2S.7 degrees — the
highest being 02 deg. on the 2d and 10th, and the lowest
13 deg. on the 25th and 26lh. Total rainfall 3.19 inches.
Prevailing direction of wind, west. Maximum velocity
63 miles per hour. Frost or freezing weather occurred
nearly every day. About two inches of snow fell dur-
ing the month. For the entire year the mean of Ba-
rometer was 29.987 inches, and the mean temperature
5-1.8 degrees. Rainfall 34.53 inches ; number of rainy
days 118. Recent reports from different sections of the
country, indicate that the temperature has generally
moderated, except in the South, where the weather is
unusually severe for that section. Heavy .snows have
fallen in New Orlean.s, Mississippi, Arkansas and Geor-
gia. At Jacksonville, Florida, the trees and pavements
were covered with ice on the morning of the 5th inst
On the morning of the 6th, the temperature at Little
Rock was 4 degrees above zero. An ice bridge formed
across the Niagara river, below the Falls, on the 5th
inst., and hundreds of people, it is said, have crossed
upon it.
The report of the Inspectors of steam vessels for the
Philadelphia district, shows that 11,863,297 passengers
were carried during the past year, by steam vessels be-
longing to this port. Of this number the American
line carried 2162 cabin, and 7630 steerage passengers ;
the Red Star line 703 cabin, and 4539 steerage.
There were 7348 vessels from foreign ports arrived
in New York during last year, an increase over the
previous year of 1104. One-third of these were Ameri-
can, and another third British, there being 28 more of
the former than of the latter.
The telephone is about being introduced by the New
York Department of Docks in submarine diving. In
dredging for the foundations of piers, it has been'fonnd
necessary to employ divers to e.^amine the bed of the
river, and there has been felt a need for some means of
communication between the divers and men on the
dredges. Edison's duplex telephone is the one nsed by
the department. A battery connected with one instru-
ment is placed on the dredge, and insulated wires run
to a second telephone in the helmet of the diver, so
arranged that he can apply either his mouth or ear to
the speaking cups, by turning his head, and thus con-
verse with ease while at work on the bed of the river.
To make shoe-pegs enough for American use, con-
.sumes annually 100,000 cords of timber ; lasts and boot-
trees require 500,000 cords of birch, beech and maple,
and the handles of tools .500,000. The baking of bricks
consume 2,000,000 cords of wood, or what would cover
with forest about 50,000 -acres of land. Telegraph
poles already up repre.sent about 800,000 trees, and
their annual repairs 300,000. The ties of our railroads
consume annually thirty years growth of 75,000 acres ;
packing boxes represent in one year $12,000,000; and
the timber used each year in making wagons and agri-
cultural implements is valued at more than $100,000,-
000. A writer who has been making a study of forest
trees, their rapid destruction in this country, and the
eifect on climate and health, says, that since 1835 the
forest area of the Western Hemisphere has decreased
at the yearly average rale of 7,600,000 acres, and that
this rate in the United States alone has advanced from
1600 square miles, in 1835, to 7,000 in 1855, and 8400
in 1876, while the last two years have been scarcely
less exhaustive.
The annual statement of precious metals produced in
the States and Territories west of the Mississippi river,
including British Columbia, and the receipts in San
Francisco from the west coast of Mexico, shows the
aggregate of gold $38,956,231 ; silver . 838,146,391 ; lead
$3,452,000, the total being less by $11,267,132, than for
1877.
The Mint Bureau turned into the United States
Treasury on the 2nd inst., $575,000 as the net profit
accruing from the coinage of the standard dollar during
the past three weeks.
During the year 1878, the total .shipment of live slock
from Boston to Europe, was 34,658 cattle, 27,905 sheep,
13,680 hog.s, and 207 horses.
Upwards of 36,000,QOO pounds of codfish and 11,000,-
000 pounds of halibut, were landed at Gloucester, Mass.,
during last year.
During' ihr vcmi- 1 -^T'-i, there were received and sold
at the IM,,l,,.l,li.lii:i iiiirkets of live s'ock, 138,600
beeve.s, I.'),:;j.^ , aivs liSj.OOO hog.s, and 650,400 sheep.
The receipts of cotloii aggregate.l 151,970 bales; 979,-
380 barrels of flour; of all kinds of grain 40,57'
bushels; 113,922 bales of wool.
Markels, &c. — The following were the quotatior
the 4th. The Government bond market was stron
the registered 5's, which advanced \, and the 10-
which advanced f. The remainder of the list
weak. The Secretary of the Treasury calleil ano
$10,000,000, 1867'.s, for redemption, interest on t
ceasing on the 4th of 4th mo.
Cotton. — Sales of middlings at 9J a 9J cts. per pc
for uplands .and New Orleans.
Flour.— Minne.sota extra at $4 a $4.25 for good,
■■¥4.60 a $4.62 for fancy ; patent and other high gra
$6 a $7.50. Rye flour, $2.75 a $2.90.
Grain.— Wheat, $1.05V for red ; $1.07J for
and $1.06 a $1.08 for white. Corn, 41 a 43 cts. C
29 cts. for mixed, and for choice white, 32 a !
per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 65 a 80 cts. per
pounds; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. Straw, 65 a 75 .
100 pounds.
Seeds. — Choice clover-seed, 61- a 6J cts. per poi
Flaxseed, $1.37J per bushel.
Beef cattle were active, and prices a fraction higl
3500 head arrived and sold at 3 a 6 cts., as to qiiai
Sheep, 3^ a 5J cts. per pound. Hog.s, 4 a 41 cts.
pound.
Tiie number of deaths in this city for the week (
ing at noon on the 4th, was 313 : 185 being adults,
128 children.
Foreign. — In Great Britain the weather is repoi
again cold and frosty, with additional heavy snow
Scotland. There has been a daily increase of
popular distress in every quarter during the past W(
At Manchester, there were 3000 applications, 'fii
heads of families, to the Relief Committee in one (
During the week 1200 families have been relievei
Wolverhampton.
The failure of the Cornish Bank, announced on
4th inst., it is thought will produce terrible d
among the traders of West Cornwall ; the further
page of Cornish mines being inevitable.
The number of business failures officially anno
in the Kingdom, during the year 1878, is 15,059, be
an increase of 4037 over the preceding year.
The revenue of Great Britain, for the year li
shows an increase of 1,803,435 pounds sterling ah
that of the year 1877.
France. — The senatorial elections, which took pi
on the 5th inst., resulted in a great Republican trium
Of the 47 conservative Senators whose terms expii
only 13 have been re-elected. The Republican majoi
in the Senate will be about 57.
erlin. — The Emperor William, in receiving
Muiisters on the 1st inst., said he was not fatigued
attention to public afi'airs, although he has not regai
his former elasticity. He encourages the ministen
continue to exert their full .activity to combat
dangers to the State. The Socialist Democrats h
lately carried most of their municipal candidates aroi'
Leipsic
Si. Petersburg.— Oi&ciaX confirmation is given of
report that the plague has broken out in Astrachan. j
is said to have been introduced by Cossacks returm
from Turkey.
The difficulties which had arisen regarding the Ei
sian evacuation of the Dobrndja are said to have b
moothed away, and General Todleben has ordered '
evacuation to begin on the 12th inst.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, {Tmnly third Ward,) Philadelph.
Physician and Superintendent — JohnC. Hall, M
Applications for the Admission of Patients m.aj
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boan
Managers.
Married, in Friend.s' Meeting, at Coal Creek, K
kuk Co., Iowa, the 18th of 12th month, 1878, Jo
Vail, Jr., son of John and Abigail Vail, to Lydia
daughter of Jesse and Myra Garwood, all of same pi;
Died, at his residence, near Moorestown, N. Jer.-^
the 8th of llih uionth last, Joseph Hooton,
elder and mmibcr of Clicster Monthly Meetii
Friends, in lli.' irJiid vear of his .age. He was sincer
att.-irli. I Im I 111- (lorii-iiii-i :ind testimonies of the Soci
of t'ri. Ill- : ni.l .liii iiiy his protracted illness manif
a ]i.ii I -M!. iMMiiliii- :in<l tender spirit, with a desire t
his (I.i\ - w.iiL nii^lii !.,• iiilly accomplished before
it i.iiiii'. Till- lii< friiihls consolingly believe \
his li;i|'iiy I \|iii iciirr, :uiil that his ransome I and
deeniid spirit lias iiitifeil into one of those " nu
mansion.s" prepared for (he righteous.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
roL. LII.
SEVEXTH-DAY, FIRST MONTH
NO. 23.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
le, if paid in advance, §2.00 per annum ; if not paid
1 advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Snbicriptiong and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
so. 116 .-JORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
[monies of Profaiip Writers to tiic ercdiljility of tiie
New Testament.
racted from Home's Introduction to the Holy
kriptures.
(Continued from page 170.)
5.) Tlie liistorian jElius La.mpridius re-
58, that the emperor Alexander Severus
30 reigned from a. d. 222 to 235), had two
vate chapels, one more honorable than the
er ; and that in the former " were the dei-
I emperors, and also some- eminently good
[n, and among them ApoUonius, and as a
Iter of his time says, Christ, Abraham, and
oheus (whom he considered as deities), and
II images of his ancestors." The same his-
5an adds, that the emperor " wislied to
'ct a temple to Christ, and to receive him
:ong the gods. But he was forbidden by
se who consulted the oracles, they having
nd that, if that was done, all men would
lorae Christians, and the other temples be
saken."
'6.) Celsds, one of the bitterestantagonists
Christianity, who wrote in the latter part
^he second century, speaks of the founder
ihe Christian religion as having lived but a
?' few }-ears before his time, and mentions
principal facts of the Gospel history rela-
B to Jesus Christ, — declaring that he had
lied the account from the writings of the
ingelists. He quotes these books (as we have
eady had occasion to remark), and makes
tracts from them as being composed by the
ciples and companions of Jesus, and under
» names which they now bear. He takes
iice particularly of his incarnation ; his
,ng born of a virgin ; his being worshipped
■the magi; his flight into Egypt, and the
ughter of the infants. He speaks of Christ's
btism by John, of the descent of the Holy
jrit in the form of a dove, and of the voice
m heaven, declaring him to be the Son of
id ; of his being accounted a prophet by his
fciples; of his foretelling who should betraj'
,n, as well as the circumstances of his death
d resurrection. He allows that Christ was
^sidered as a divine person by his disciples,
10 worshipped him ; and notices all the
icumstances attending the crucifixion of
irist, and his appearing to his disciples after-
irds. He frequently alludes to the Holy
lirit, mentions God under the title of the
Iist High, and speaks collectively of the
ther, Son, and Holy Spirit. Ho acknow
ges the miracles wrought by Jesus Christ,
r which he engaged great multitudes to ad
hero to him as the Messiah. That these mira-
cles were really performed, he never disputes
or denies, but ascribes them to the magic art,
which (he says) Christ learned in Egypt.
(7.) PoRPnYRY, another learned antagonist
of Christianity, who flourished about a cen-
tury after Celsus, has also borne evidence to
the genuineness of the books received b}' the
Christians. He not only allowed that there
was such a person as Jesus Christ, but also
honored him as a pious person who was con-
veyed into heaven, as being approved by the
gods.
(8.) About the middle of the fourth century
eigned the emperor Jur.iA.v. It is a remark-
ible fact, that this very learned and inveterate
ncmy of the Christian name and faith could
produce no counter evidence in refutation of
the truth of the evangelical history, though
(as we have already seen) he attests the
.genuineness and early date of the four Gos
pels ; and that he never attempted to deny the
eality of Christ's miracles. Jesus, he says,
did nothing worthy of fame, unless any one
can suppose that curing the lame and the
blind, and exorcising demons in the villages
of Bethsaida, are some of the greatest works.
He acknowledges that Jesus had a sovereign
power over impure spirits ; that he walked on
the surface of the deep, and expelled demons.
He endeavors to depreciate these wonderful
works, but in vain. The consequence is un-
deniable; such works are good proofs of a
divine mission.
(9.) Lastly, to omit the very numerous in-
tervening testimonies that might be adduced,
MoHAM.MED (who lived in the latter end of
the fifth and the former part of the sixth cen-
tury), though he assumed the honor of deliver-
ng to mankind a new revelation, expressly
acknowledged the a'lthority of the Gospels.
He speaks of Jesus Christ and of his mother
by their names, and calls him the Word of
God. He says, that he was miraculously born
of a virgin ; acknowledges the truth of his
miracles and prophecies; and speaks of his
death and ascension, of his apostles, of the
unbelief of the Jews, of Zacharias the father of
John the Baptist, and of the Baptist himself,
describing his character in a manner perfectly
conformable to the Gospels.
2. Testimonies of Heathen Adversaries to the
Lives and Characters of the first Christians.
(1.) The first persecution of the Christians
was raised by the emperor Nero, A. d. 65, that
is, about thirty years after the crucifixion of
Jesus Christ. Concerning this persecution,
we have the testimonies of two fiomau his-
torians, Tacitus and Suetonius.
Tacitus was contemporary with the apos-
tles. Relating the great fire at Rome, in the
tenth year of Nero's reign, he says, that the
people imputed that calamity to the emperor,
who (they imagined) had set fire to the city,
that he might have the glory of rebuilding it
more magnificently, and of calling it after his
own name ; but that Nero charged the crime
on the Christians, and, in order to give the
more plausible color to this calumn}', he put
great numbers of them to death in the most
cruel manner. With the view of conciliating
the people, he expended great suras in adorn-
ing the city, he bestowed largesses on those
wiio had suffered by the fire, and offered many
expiatory sacrifices to appease the gods. The
historian's words are: — "But neither human
assistance, nor the largesses of the emperor,
nor all the atonements offered to the gods,
availed : the infamy of that horrible transac-
tion still adhered to him. To suppres-i, if
possible, this common rumor, Nero procured
others to be accused, and punished with ex-
quisite tortures a race of men detested for their
evil practices, who were commonly known by
the naine of Christians. The author of that
sect (op name) was Christns, who in the reign
of Tiberius was punished with death, as a
criminal, by the procurator Pontius Pilate.
~ut this pestilent superstition, though check-
ed for a while, broke out afresh, not only in
Judasa, where the evil first originated, but
even in the city (of Rome), the common sink
into which every thing filthy and abominable
flows from all quarters of the world. At first
those only were apprehende 1 who confessed
themselves of that sect ; afterwards a vast
multitude discovered by them; all of whom
were condemned, not so much for the crime
of burning the citj', as for their enmity to
mankind. Their executions were so contrived
as to expose them to derision and contempt.
Some were covered over with the skins of wild
beasts, that they might be torn to pieces by
dogs ; some were crucified ; while others, hav-
ing been daubed over with combustible ma-
terials, were set up as lights in the night-time,
and thus burnt to death. For these spectacles
Nero gave his own gardens, and, at the same
time, exhibited there the diversions of the
circus; sometimes standing in the crowd as
a spectator, in the habit of a charioteer, and
at other times driving a chariot himself; until
at length these men, though really criminal
and deserving exemplary punishment, began
to be commiserated, as people who were de-
siroj-ed, not out of regard to the public wel-
fare, but only to gratify the cruelty of one
man."
The testimony which Sdeto.vius bears to
this persecution is in the following words: —
"The Christians likewise were severely pun-
ished,— a sort of people addicted to a new and
mischievous superstition."
The preceding accounts of the persecution
of the Christians by Nero are further con-
firmed by Martial, the epigrammatist (who
lived at the close of the first century), and by
■Juvenal, the satirist (who flourished during
the reigns of Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, and
Adrian), both of whom alluded to the Nero-
nian persecution, and especially to the pitched
coat in which the Christians were burnt.
Martial has an epigram, of which the fol-
lowing is a literal translation: — "You have,
17S
THE FRIEND.
perhaps, lately seen acted on the theatre,
Mucins, who thrust his hand into the fire : if
you tbinli such a person patient, valiant, stout,
you are a senseless dotard. For it is a much
greater thing, when threatened withthe trouble
S)me coat, to say, '1 do not sacrifice,' than to
obey the command, 'Burn the hand.' " This
troublesome coat or shirt of the Christians
was made like a sack, of paper or coarse linen
cloth, either besmeared with pitch, wax, or
sulphur, and similar combustible materials, or
dipped in them: it was then put upon the
Christians; and, in order that they might be
kept upright, — the better to resemble a flam-
ing torch, — their chins were severally fastened
to stakes fixed in the ground.
In his first satire, Juvenal has the follow-
ing allusion : —
Now dare
To glance at Tigellinus, and you glare
In that pitch'd shirt in which such crowds expire,
Chain'd to the bloody stake, and wrapp'd in fire.
Or, more literally, "Describe a great villain,
such as was Tigellinus" (a corrupt minister
under Nero), "and you shall suflfor the same
punishment with those, who stund burning in
their own flames and smoke, their head being
held up by a stake fixed to a chain, till they
make a long stream" (of blood and fluid sul-
phur) "on the ground."
The above-cited testimony of Tacitus, cor-
roborated as it is by contemporary writers,
is a very important confirmation of the evan-
gelical history. In it the historian asserts,
1. That Jesus Christ was put to death as a
malefactor by Pontius Pilate, procurator un-
der Tiberius; 2 That from Christ the people
called Christians derived their name and sen-
timents; 3. That this religion or superstition
(as he terms it) had its rise in Judea, where
it also spread, notwithstanding the ignomini-
ous death of its founder, and the opposition
which his followers afterwards experienced
from the people of that country ; 4. That it
was propagated from Judea into other parts
of the world as far as Eome; where in the
tenth or eleventh year of Nero, and before
that time, the Christians were very numer-
ous; and, 5. That the professors of this re-
ligion were reproached and hated, and under-
went many and grievous sufferings.*
(To be coutinaed.)
I prayed for direction, and saw clearly that
plainnessof dress and behavior best became a
Christian, and proved it good for a proud heart
to wear the plain and modest livery of God's
children. For when I appeared like the world
in Babylonish garments, I had its esteem, and
knew not how to part with it. But when I
showed by my appearance that I considered
myself as a stranger and a foreigner, none can
know (but by experience) what an influence
it has on the whole conduct, and what a fence
it is to keep us from sinking into the spirit of
the world. But there is no medium, — they
who are conformed to the maxims and cus-
toms and fashions of the world must embrace
* On the above-cited passage of Tacitus, Gibbon has
the following remark : — " The most sceptical criticiim is
obliged to respect the truth nf tkis extraordinary fact (the
persecution of the Christians under Nero), and the in-'
tegrity of this celebrated passage of Tacitus. TAe former
(its truth) is confirmed by the diligent and accurate Sue-
tonius, who mentions the punishment which Nero inflicted
upon the Christians. The latter (its integrity and genuine-
ness) viay be PROVED by the consent of the most aiment
maimscripls ; by the inimitable character of Tncitus; by his
reputation, which guarded his text from the interpolations of
pious fraud ; and by thepui'port nf his narration."
its spirit also, and they shall find the esteem
they seek, for the world will love its own.
But let them remember, also, that its friend
ship is enmity with God. — Mary Fletclter, a
Methodist Preacher.
From the "Americau Journal of Science ami
Forest Geography and Arcliicology.
BY ASA GRAY.
(Conchuled from page 172.)
Besides, there are re-siftings to take into
the account. The Glacial period or refi-igera
tion from the north, which at its inception
forced the temperate flora into our latitude,
at its culmination must have carried much or
most of it quite beyond. To what extent dis-
placed, and how far superseded by the vege-
tation which in our day borders the ice, or
by ice itself, it is difficult to form more than
general conjectures — so different and conflict
ing are the views of geologists upon the Gla-
cial period. But upon any, or almost any, of
these views, it is safe to conclude that tem-
perate vegetation, such as preceded the re-
frigeration and has now again succeeded it,
was either thrust out of Northern Europe and
the Northern Atlantic States, or was reduced
to precarious existence and diminished forms.
It also appears that, on our own continent at
least, a milder climate than the present, and
considerable submergence of land, tran-
ently supervened at the north, to which the
vegetation must have sensibly responded by
a northward movement, from which it after-
ward receded.
All these vicissitudes must have left their
impress upon the actual vegetation, and par-
ticularly upon the trees. fhey furnish pro-
bable reason for the loss of American types
sustained by Europe.
I conceive that three things have conspired
to this loss. First, Europe, hardly extending
south of latitude 40°, is all within the limits
generally assigned to severe glacial action.
Second, its mountains trend east and west,
from the Pyrenees to the Carpathians and the
Caucasus beyond, near its southern border ;
and they had glaciers of their ovfn, which
must have begun their operations, and poured
down the northward flanks, while the plains
were still covered with forest on the retreat
from the great ice-wave coming from the
north. Attacked both on front and rear, much
of the forest must have perished then and
there. Third, across the line of retreat of
those which may have flanked the mountain
ranges, or were stationed south of them,
stretched the Mediterranean, an impassable
barrier. Some hardy trees may have eked
out their existence on the northern shore of
the Mediterranean and the Atlantic coast.
But wo doubt not, Taxodium and Sequoias,
Magnolias and Liquidambar-*, and even Hick-
ories and the like were among the missing
Escape by the east, and rehabilitation from
that quarter until a very late period, was ap-
parently prevented by the prolongation of
the Mediterranean to the Caspian, and thence
to the Siberian ocean. If we accept the sup-
position of Nordenskibid, that anterior to the
Glacial period, Europe was "bounded on the
south by an ocean extending from the Atlantic
over the present deserts of Sahara and Central
Asia to the Pacific," all chance of these Ameri-
can tj-pes having escaped from or re-entered
Europe from the south and oast, is excluded.
Europe may thus bo conceived to have been
for a time somewhat in the condition in wji
Greenland is now, and, indeed to have ii
connected with Greenland in this or in e;li
times. Such a junction, cutting ort'a<c
the Gulf Stream to the polar sea, woiil
some think, other things remaining an n
are, almost of itself give glaciatioo to Fu i
Greenland may be referred to, by way of ii
parison, as a country which, having u \
gone extreme glaciation, boars the mar
it in the extreme poverty of its flora, ai;
the absenceof the plants to which its soiu,:
portion, extending six degrees below the n?
circle, might be entitled. It ought h> \
trees, and might support them. But I'l
destruction by glaciation, no way has
open for their return. Europe faroi j
better, but suffered in its degree in a sii
way.
Turning for a moment to the Ameili
continent for a contrast, we find the
broken and open down to the tropic, antjl
mountains running north' and south,
trees, when touched on the north bj' tl
coming refrigeration, had only to move
southern border southward, along an
way, as far as the exigency required
there was no impediment to their due r.
Then the more southern latitude of the Ui e
States gave great advantage over Jmii
On the Atlantic border, proper glaciation
fell only in the northern part, down to a
latitude 40°. In the interior of the cout
owing doubtless to greater dryness and 6
mer heat, the limit receded greatly northv
in the Mississippi Valley, and gave only 1
glaciers to the Kocky Mountains ; and no
canic outbreaks or violent changes of
kind have here occurred since the typ(|
our present vegetation came to the land
our lines have been cast in pleasant i>la!ii
the goodly heritage of forest trees is '
of the consequences.
The still greater richness of Northeast
in arboreal vegetation may find ex
the prevalence of particularly favori
conditions, both ante-glacial and recent, j
trees of the Miocene circumpolar forest ai)j|
to have found there a secure home ; and!
Japanese islands, to which most of these t
belong, must be remarkably adapted to th
The situation of these islands — analogou
that of Great Britain, but with the advant
of lower latitude and greater sunshine — tl
ample extent north and south, their dive
fied configuration, their proximity to tho gi
Pacific gulf-stream, by which a vast ho^i
warm water sweeps along their accentua
hores, and the comparatively equate di
sion of rain throughout tlie year, all pruba
conspire to the preservation and developm
of an originally ample inheritance.
The case of the Pacific forest is remarkt
and paradoxical. It is, as we know, the :
refuge of the most characteristic and w
ipread type of Miocene Coniferte the Sequo
t is rich in coniferous types beyond tl
country except Japan ; in its goM-beari
gravels are indications that it possessed, set
ngly down to the veiy beginning of the (
cial period. Magnolias and Beeches, a t
Chestnut, Liquidambar, Elms, and other ti'
now wholly wanting to that side of the c
tinent, though common both to Japan anc
Atlantic North America. Any attemp
explanation of this extreme paucity of
ly major constituents of forest, ale
with a great development of the minor,
•theastil
explana
THE FRIEND.
179
iferou^ element, would take us quite too cast up before them, relying on that Divine
and would bi-int; us to mere conjectures. Power which can enrich them both with out-
[uch may be attributed to late gl'aciation ; |ward and with spiritual blessings.
lelhi.ig to the tremendous outpours of lava There are many who can bear witness as
,cb, immediately before the period of re-lto the reality of the guidance furnished by a
•eration, deeply covered a very large part j wisdom higher than that of man, to those who
"' sincerely seelf it, and follow its directions even
when they lead (as is often the case), in a way
contrary to the natural inclinations.
John Eichardson relates, that when about
27 years old, having for a time some release
from the active religious service in which he
had been engaged, he wished to settle mure
ply
he forest area ;
luch to the narrow!
of
shown mo that I had much to suffer for my
own neglect, so that I dared not murmur."
After a time, the way opened for them to
move, and they settled in Vermont, where
they witnessed a prosperous change, and soon
became comfortably established.
forest belt, to the want of summer rain,
to the most unequal and precarious dis-
lution of that of winter.
Jpon all these topics questions open which
are not prepared to discuss. I have done
that I could hope to do in one lecture if I , , „ . ^^ ,
e distinctly shown that the races of trees, closely to business. He says : "Upon seek^
ing unto the Lord to know whet place 1
might now settle in, though my great incli-
nation was for Whitby, yet it sounded as in
my ear, Bridlington, Bridlington is the place
to settle in ; and in the cross, I repaired
thither, and settled for some time, keeping a
little shop, and mended clocks and watches
as I had done for several years past at times
It was of good service my settling there, for
the Lord began to work mightily, especially
amongst the young Friends, so that in a few
years'many had their mouths opened in testi-
mony for the Lord, and a fine spring of heav-
enly ministry was in that Monthly Meeting,
the like I have not known in the like bounds,
(for it is but a small Monthly Meeting, and
hath been so ever since I knew it.) For
Truth did so mightily prosper, and Friends
ter, we all admit it, and generally in some [grew so in the ministry, that it became a pro_
.ree attempt to act upon ?t; but in our out- verb, that Bridlington was become a school of
ird affairs we are far more deficient in faith, pro/j/if^s.
A less disposed to submit them to the Divine When Joseph Hoag was about to settle in
Igmentand disposal; and hence we often life, his mind was turned towards the small
cSme involved in difficulties, which might ' nurtinu i n Little ^n,e Partners, in Nevy York;
ve been avoided if there had be.n less self- Init l,.v i.M.d to the suggestion that if he went
II and self-confidence, and more of a hum- there he would not prosper in business and so
1 took a farm in another neighborhood, l-'or
several vears ho met with much trouble, and
; the races of men, have come down to us
ough a pre-historic (or pre-natural historic)
iod ; and that the explanation of the pre-
t condition is to be sought in the past, and
ced in vestiges, and remains, and survivals ;
t for the vegetable kingdom also there is
eri table Archeology.
For " The Friend."
Incidents and Reflections.— So. iO.
DIVINE GUIDANCE.
rbe Psalmist, in referring to the superin-
iding care which the Lord exercises over
! trusting children, makes this encouraging
lertion : "In all thy ways acknowledge
m, and He shall direct thy steps." This
applicable to all our movements, both
nporal and spiritual matters. As to the
i seeking to the Lord lor counse
These thoughts are connected at the present. ., , , , , i u j a.
- ■ • ■ " ■ • th the re- jlittle success, though he labored hard. At
ne, in the mind of the writer,
Dval of residence from one neighborhood to
other — a matter in which serious mistakes
e sometimes made. Some years ago a valu-
ile friend lived in the compass of a country
eeting, where he was esteemed by his friends,
id was useful both as a citizen and asamem-
rofourreligious Society. Li these respects,
■obably fewln his own vicinity excelled him.
3me family changespresented an inducement
I move away from this sphere of usefulness,
id he parted with his farm, and took his
mily to reside in another neighborhood.
he meeting he had left sustained a loss by
s removal, but that to which he went was
)t benefitted by his coming
This case was an illustration of what Grat-
in, the Irish orator meant, when he said
lat an oak at fifty ought not to be trans-
Ian ted. He retained the esteem of his friends
3 a worthy man, but for many years, and in
iccessive removals, he did not take root in the
iflferent meetings and circles where he went.
bus what ought to have been the most use-
il period of his life, was comparatively
rasted ; and he could scarcely be considered
s having been harnessed asain into religious
srvice till the decline of life, when strength
nd vigor were failing.
His example has oflen been remembered as
bowing the need there is to consider well,
lefore leaving the field of usefulness in which
,ny have been placed.
Yet there are cases, where the wa.y clearly
ipens for change, and where it is plainly the
luty of individuals to follow on in the way
length, he says, "After living through many
and varied trials, with an almost constant
scene of conflict, and being permitted to get
my mind into the quiet, I entered into deep
searching of heart, to know the cause of all
these troubles so continually coming upon me.
The Lord in his own time gave me to see, that
f I had sought to Him for direction, instead
of listening'to others' contrivings, I might
have been settled in Little Nine Partners for
many years, and been in my right place, where
the Lord's blessing would have been upon mo;
but as I had neglected his pointings therein.
He had withheld his blessing.
"Having striven so long that I had neither
money nor friends to help me, it now appeared
clear that if I would give up and go into the
new country, I would then be blessed. It so
settled on ray mind that I told it to my wife,
and opened my prospect to my own and my
wife's relatives. Keeping steadily to the pros-
pect, it brought my wife under deep concern.
It was not long before she told me, that she
saw clearly there was a good farm for us in
that country, and was willing to go with me,
ever after remaining steady in the prospect ;
and I now believe we are on the very spot
presented to her view. When 1 opened it to
my friends for their consent, they utterly de-
nied me any liberty to move. In this situa-
tion they kept me for more than two years,
which did not jostle or move me, feeling easy
as having done all on my part, without feel-
ing hard towards my friends ; fully believing
they would have to give it up. The Lord had
Ostriches on a Tape Farm.
Not long ago one of the most trustworthy
of the herds, an old Bushman named Moos,
was wandering one day after some of his
charges. Their talents are in general limited ;
to track the spoor of a creature over the hard-
est soil, where no apparent mark has been left,
and to run unweariedly so as oven to tire out
a horse, pretty nearly exhausts tbo sum of
them. But Moos Julies was more intelligent
than some of his countrymen. The wild os-
triches are becoming rare and he was greatly
delighted to come upon a nest scratched in
the sand with 16 great eggs in it, well within
the boundary of his master's property. And
here that slur on the moral character of the
ostrich must be protested against as a base
calumny, time-honored though it be. So far
from leaving their eggs to chance and the sun
to hatch, they are particularly careful parents,
the father and mother birds taking it in turn
to sit for six or eight hours at a time. In a
tamo state they are as regular as clock-work
in relievingcach other, andthoherdersdeclare
that they followed the farm-bell to a minute.
The incubation is very long, and lasts 60 days,
during which they are exemplary in their at-
tentions to the eggs. If they are away for a
short time seeking food, which, when they
are wild, must sometimes be very far afield,
it is true that they scatter sand and dust over
the nest to keep it warm ; but sit they must,
and sit they do, or there can be no progeny.
Moos made haste homo with his welcome
news— it was Christmas day, and, therefore,
the height of summer in that Southern lati-
tude—and as soon as he reported that the
little birds were hatching, a wagon filled with
straw, drawn by four horses, was sent to fetch
them up. Meantime, however, the mother
had taken fright at being watched, and carried
off her family into the scrub, so that when the
party arrived there was nothing to be seen
but two addled eggs kicked out of the nest
and one still unhatched within it. The in-
mate was pecking feebly at the shell, but, de-
prived of the necessary warmth, it could not
make its way out of prison. The master
flung his coat and those of his men hurriedly
round the egg, while they all followed on the
track of the escaping birds'. They were soon
caught up, for the little ones, only just out of
the shell, could not run fast ; they looked like
balls of yellow-brown fluff, the legs and neck
much shorter in proportion than in more ad-
vanced life, and with a little dainty manner
of holding themselves very pretty and amus-
ing. The poor mother defended them gal-
lantly, but in vain; she looked so piteous,
however, with her beautiful, large, liquid,
tender eyes, which have long lashes on them,
and are very human, that the tenderhearted
master's conscience was sore at his own cruel-
ty and the next time he took an ostrich's
ne'st he loft two of the children to the parent
bird. He was sorry afterward for his gener-
osity, for they were never seen again, and he
believed were devoured by the civet cats;
besides which, after a fortnight or so, the
young are turned off by the parents to shift
for themselves. When the party returned to
ISU
THE FRIEND.
the nest, ihcy Ibund that the small laggard
had got out of his shell, looldog rather woo-
hegone, cramped, and high-shouldered, but
still all alive and right. The fourteen precious
little captives were brought safely up to the
farm, where they were fed with chopped
lucerne, bran, carrots, and the pounded shells
of the addled eggs, which are considered ex-
cellent food for them. Later in life they re-
quire bits of bone, and unlimited pebbles
which, indeed, are necessary to assist the
gizzard in grinding down the food of all
grain devouring birds, and may be found in
the stomachs of fowls, turkeys, &c. It is only
when the hard shell of the barley, wheat, &e.,
is thus bruised and crushed that the gastric
Juice can act upon the mealy matter within;
and it is a proof of the weakness, not the
strength, of the digestion of the ostrich, that
it thus requires assistance. At first they kept
each other warm by huddling close togeth
under a shed, where they were put at night
for shelter, as they are tender little things
They became very tame, especially with the
women on the place, and would always come
to them. Men they did not (ike, perhaps
because the boys of the farm, (black and white
are all alike in such matters,) bad tormented
them. For about a year they stalked about,
never straying far, but going where they
pleased, getting their own living for the chief
part, but coming in two or three times a day
for a little barley.— Good Words.
Selected.
TFIE LAST WALK IN AUTUMN.
BY J. O. WHITTIER.
O'er tlie bare woods, whose oiitstretcbeil hands
Plead with the leaden heavens in vain,
I see, beyond the valley lands.
The sea's long level dim with rain.
Around me all things, stark .and dumb,
Seem praying for the snows to come.
And, for the summer bloom and greenness gone,
AVitli winter's sunset lights and dazzling morn atone.
II.
Along the river's summer walk,
The withered tufts of asters nod ;
And trembles on its arid stalk
The hoar plume of the golden-roJ.
And on a ground of sombre fir.
And azure-studded juniper.
The silver birch its buds of purple shows.
And scarlet berries tell where bloomed the sweet wild-
With mingled sound of horns and bells,
A far-heard clang, the wild geese fly.
Storm-sent, from Arctic moors and fells
Like a great arrow through the sky
Two dusky lines converged in one,
Chasing the southward-flying sun ;
While the brave snow-bird and the hardy jay
Call to them from the pines, as if to bid them stay.
IV.
I passed this way a year ago :
The wind blew south; the noon of day
Was warm .as June's ; and .save that snow
Flecked the low mountains far away,
And that the vernal-.seeming breeze
Mocked faded grass and leafless trees,
I might have dreamed of summer as I lav
Watching the fallen leaves with the soft i
Rich gift of God ! A year of time!
What pomp of rise and shut of day, '
What hues wherewith our Northern clime
Makes autumn's dropping woodlands gay,
What airs outblown from ferny dells.
And clover-bloom and sweet-brier smells.
What songs of brooks and birds, what fruits and flowers,
Green woods and moonlit snows; have in its round
been ours !
VII.
I know not how in other lands.
The changing seasons come and go ;
What splendors fall on Syrian ssinds,
^ What pur pie lights on Alpine snow !
Nor how the pomp of sunrise waits
On Venice at her watery gates ;
A dream alone to me is Arno's vale.
And the Alhambra's halls are but a traveller's tale.
VIII.
Yet, on life's current, he who drifts
Ls one with him who rows or sails;
And he who wanders widest lifts
No more of beauty's jealous veils
Than he who from his doorway sees
The miracle of flowers and trees.
Feels the warm Orient in the noonday air.
And from cloud minarets hears the sutiset call to prayer !
IX.
The eye may well be glad, that looks
Where Pharpar's fountains rise and fall ;
But he who sees his native brooks
Laugh in the sun, has seen them all.
The marble palaces of Ind
Rise round him in the snow and wind ;
From his lone sweetbrier Persian Hafir smiles,
And Rome's cathedral awe is in his woodland aisles.
Since then, the winter blasts have piled
The white p.agodas of the snow
On these rough slope.'!, and, strong and v
Yon river, in its overflow
ind at pla
ild,
Of spring-time rain and sun, set free,
Crashed with its ices to the sea ;
And over these gray fields, tlien green .and gold.
The summer corn has waved, the thunder's organ rolled.
And thus it is my fancy blends
The near at hand and far and rare ;
And while the same horizon bends
Above the silver-sprinkled hair
Which flashed the light of morning skies
On childhood's wonder-lifted eyes.
Within its round of sea and sky and field.
Earth wheels with all her zones, the Kosmos stands
revealed.
XVII.
What greetings smile, what farewells wave.
What loved ones enter and depart!
The good the beautiful, the brave.
The Heaven-lent trea.sures of the heart !
How conscious seems the frozen sod
And beechen slope whereon they trod !
The oak-leaves rustle, and the dry grass bends
Beneath the shadowy feet of lost or absent friends.
XVIII.
Then ask not why to these bleak hills
1 cling, as clings the tufted moss,
To bear the winter's lingering chills.
The mocking spring's perpetual lo.ss.
I dream of lands where summer smiles,
And soft winds blow from spicy isles,
But scarce could Ceylon's breath of flowers be sweet.
Could I not feel thy soil. New England, at my feet I
XIX.
At times I long for gentler skies.
And bathe in dreams of softer air.
But homesick tears would fill the eyes
That saw the Cross without the Bear.
The pine must whisper to the palm,
The north-wind break the tropic calm ;
And with the dreamy languor of the Line
The North's keen virtue blend, and strength to beauty
join.
XX.
Belter to stem with heart and hand
The roaring tide of life, than lie.
Unmindful, on its flowery str.and.
Of God's occasions drifting by !
Better with naked nerve to bear
The needles of this goading air.
Than, in the lap of sensual case, forego
The godlike power to do, the godlike aim to know.
XXI.
Home of my heart, to me more fair
Than gay Versailles or Windsor's hall.
The painted, shingly town-house where
The freeman's vote for freedom falls !
The simple roof where prayer is made,
Than gothic groin and colonnade :
The living temple of the heart oft
Than Ron
XXII.
More dear thy equal village schools,
Where rich and poor the Bible read.
Than classic halls where Priestcraft rules,
And Learning wears the chains of Creed ;
Thy glad Thanksgiving, gathering in
The scattered sheaves of home and kin.
Than the mad license following Lenten pains
Or holiday of slaves who laugh and dance in ch:
XXIII.
And sweet homes nestle in these dales,
And perch along these wooded swells;
And, blest beyond Arcadian vales.
They hear the sound of Sabbath bells !
Here dwells no perfect man sublime.
Nor woman winged before her time,
But with the faults and follies of the race.
Old home-bred virtues hold their not unhonored
XXIV.
Here manhood struggles for the Siike
Of mother, sister, daughter, wife.
The graces and the loves which make
The music of the march of life ;
And woman, in her daily round
Of duty, walks on holy ground.
No unpaid menial tills the soil, nor here
Is the bad lesson learned at human rights to snu
XXV.
Then let the icy north-wind blow
The trumpets of the coming storm.
To arrowy sleet and blinding snow.
Yon slanting lines of rain transform.
Young hearts shall hail the drifted cold,
Asgayly as I did of old;
And I who watch them through the frosty pane,
Unenvious, live in them my boyhood o'er again.
XXVI.
And I will trust that He who heeds
The life that hides in mead and wold.
Who hangs yon alder's crimson beads,
And stains these mosses green and gold,
Will still, as He hath done, incline
His gracious care to me and mine ;
Grant what we ask aright, from wrong debar.
And, as the earth grows dark, make brighter e\'y
star ! I
XXVII. i
I have not seen, I may not see, i
My hopes for man take form in fact, i
But God will give the victory ;
In due time; in that faith I .act, '
And he who sees the future sure.
The baffling present m.iy endure, >
And bless, meanwhile, the unseen Hand that le.ad-;
The heart's desires beyond the halting step of detds
XXVIII.
And thou, my song, I send thee forth, '
Where harsher songs of mine have flown ;
Go, find a place at home and hearth !
Where'er thy singer's name is known ; '
Revive for him the kindly thought j
Of friends ; and they who love him not.
Touched by some strain of thine, perchance may ml
The hand he proffers all, and thank him for thy sak
Bis Loving Kindness is better than Life.-l
called the other day on a dear friend whont
had not seen since she was the gayest, briglL
est, liveliest girl in the whole village circle f i
my old home. Three j-ears ago she w»
thrown fiom a horse and injured her spinj;
and she has been a hopeless invalid ever sint?
I found her reclining in a great arm-cha!
propped up with pillows, her'face as white '
the pure white linen on which it lay, tli
girlish beauty of rosy health gone, but a nef
and more sacred beauty transfiguring the eoui
tenance. In the course of our conversatiof
I spoke sympathetically of the bitter sorroj
it must bo to her, as I knew her, litho, full \^
activity, rejoicing in her health and strengtj
to be thus imprisoned, bound hand and foo'
and made dependent on others for even tlj
power to change her position. " Jt was ver
very hard at first," she replied. " But ot
day, two years ago— I shall never forgot th
day or the hour— as I was looking listlessl
ky-mockingvault, or many-spired Milan! 'over my Bible, my o.yo lighted on tlioprorai,
THE FRIEND.
181
For "The Friend.
Accounts from the Frcedmen.
The following letters speak for themselves,
d we can but'think will appeal to the hearts
all. Any contribution of money may be
ittoRichardCadbury, TreasurerofFriendt'
eedmen's Association, No. 108 S. Fourth St
liladelphia; or clothing to the Society's
3m8, No. 116 N. Fourth St.
i loving kindness is better than life.' That
text has been my Bible ever since. It is
. His loving kindness is better than life.
e life has gone. I am here as one entombed.
t brighter than the sunshine, more fragrant
the flowers, dearer than the dear friends
0 so kindly give their lives to me in daily
1 hourly service, is his loving kindness. 1
er knew it before as 1 know it now, and
o not believe that there is a happier girl
FarmingviUe than I am to-day." As 1
ked into her bright eyes and radiant face,
face that shone with a heavenly light,
that of Stephen, I could well believe her
had learned in the school of suffering the
al value of a single test; but it was well
rth all that it cost. — American Mural Rome.
Danville, Va., 1st mo. 7tli, 1879.
Dear Friend: — Thine of 4th inst. is re-
ved, and read with much pleasure. The
nouncement of clothing, material and the
e, forthcoming, gives us much joy. Such
ings are now needed if ever, while this
etic wave holds many a poor sufferer in its
f grasp. * * * *
One woman with six children and little bed
siud she put them all in one bed that
ey might he!p keep one another warm. In
le tenement, with plenty of cracks that a
an could put his hand through, and no
mer inside than out, I found a mother
id four small children, (two twins) all bare-
otcd, their bodies only partly covered with
eir cotton clothing. They were cuddling
er a few coals, but had nothing worth the
ime of fire, and no way of getting any. Th
other said they were very hungry and had
) bread. Several other families in much the
me condition were found ; some without
ead, some without wood, scanty clothing
id bed cover, and some nearly destitute of
I. We would be glad of something for boys,
ho are too ragged and uncomfortable in cold
eather to come to school, and are kept at
.Dmo in consequence. If a few bolts of cbeap-
t cloth were purchased, suitable for pants
ijlpd jackets, they would be very acceptable,
}\d the mother and other female relatives or
lends would gladly make it up for the lad.s.
few second-hand garments for old men and
omen would be ofinestimable value in the
y'es of some such.
Notwithstanding the intense cold, the school
(|, getting to be quite large again, tlie teachers
aving each about sixty pupils on the average.
, lore will come out so soon as the cold breaks.
„rtterly impossible has it been to keep them
,,omfortable with all the fires we could crowd
l,n in our rickety open house. I do wish we
.(jad a good, neat, comfortable building, so
„iuch. "^Is there no way for it? Three or
,li3ur thousand dollars would purchase the
round and rebuild the house in a neat, sub-
tantial manner. If I was to make a bequest
■r donation for any benevolent purpo
J could be for this, for it seems to me the
(Torld almost ni
where the same amount of money could do
more good. * ^ *
We" have been the pioneers. Educated
\oung men and women, who have radiated
from our schools planting a higher standard
of virtue, learning and social order in differ-
nt parts of the country, have fully attested
the value of our work, and the importance of
a permanent institution of learning in this
place. May this subject commend itself pray-
erfully to those who have long had the inter-
est of the poor ex-bondman at heart, and to
those who have been blessed with a liberal
share of the Lord's bounty.
Thy sincere friend,
Alfred H. Jones
Louise S. Dorr, writing from Ealeigh, North
Carolina, says: " Everything is frozen up here
that is susceptible of freezing. I can but think
of the poor. How are they to live if this
weather should last? One colored woman
did freeze to death one of the cold days last
week. I have been speaking to M. Goines
about the poverty of the people this morning,
and he says there are a great many children
barefoot and destitute of clothing, who would
be in school if they had decent garments to
cover them.selves. When I think of these
people I can only inquire, 'Lord, how long?'
"Our daily paper this morning says: 'The
•ecent cold weather bus caused much suffer-
ng and a great many deaths.' " * *
11th, Alfred H.
esson this morning. It is delivered to us
by the Apostle James. '-If any of you lack
isdom, let him ask it of God, who giveth to
all men liberally, and upbraideth not. But let
him ask in Faith, nothing wavering — for let
not that man think that he shall obtain any
thing of the Lord."
Every man ought to see to it in the first
place, that he is sincere, earnest and diligent
in seeking the Lord, in striving to enter into
the kingdom of Heaven. The Lord must help
him to do this. Dost thou see this much of
the Divine Hand working in thee? Happy
art thou. 'Tis the smoking flax. Retire in-
wai-d to it. Dwell with it. Bo prayerful in
pursuit of it. The Lord will then increase
thee more and more. We may see by this
that Faith is of the operation of God. Man
is to rtceive it — man is to exercise it. Faith
may then be said to ha^e a double ownership;
God, the Author of it, and his creature, man,
the receiver of it.
To the exercise, therefore, my brother, of
Faith ! Be no longer empty of good. Awake
to thy condition. Lay hold of eternal Life.
Under date of 1st mo
Jones again writes:
Whilst this cold weather continues we
shall use all diligence in the proper disposi-
tion of the things sent. Some will be for-
warded to other places. Daily new cases of
alarming poverty come to our notice. This
morning with the thermometer at 12 degrees
below freezing, I called at a miserable shanty,
where a woman was sick in bed, with her lit-
tle boy by her side. There was not a spark
of fire, or wood to make any of, nor an eata-
ble thing in the house for either of them.
Without'^help, starvation and death could not
be far away. Wood, blankets and provision
were all furnished promptly, and their condi-
tion somewhat ameliorated for the present."
By letters received from other points, the
same distress exists from the unprecedented
cold, and the little preparation for such an
unexpected winter in the southern country.
The need of shoes and clothing exists everj--
where in order to enable our schools to re
main full. The Frecdmen's Board have been
obliged to divert a part of their funds con-
tributed for educational purposes, to the re
ef of the sufferings of the people. The needs
of the association for both purposes are so
reat, they are obliged to make a strong ap
peal to Friends for help.
Elliston p. Morris,
President of Friends' Frecdmen's Board
rht be challenL
to show
For " The Friend "
Of Faith.
Exhortations and invitations to Faith
abound everywhere in the Bible. They are
strewed through its pages like the flowers of
spring over the teeming earth. Exhortations
and invitations to Faith mean that it is a
privilege for us to enter into it to be lifted up
and strengthened by it. Does God say " Have
Faith," and not mean us to have it? Yea,
does He not upbraid us for not having it!
Why are wc then so dwarfish ? I have learned
For "The Friend."
Thoughts and Feelings.
WORK FOR CHRIST.
Admitting the truism, that the first great
lesson in the school of Christ is submission to
Him and obedience to his will, cost what it
may, we are brought to the practical recogni-
tion of very many declarations of Holy Scrip-
ture like these: — "The government shall be
upon his (Christ's) shoulders." "In all thy
ways acknowledge Him, and He shall direct
thy paths." As also that of the Saviour him-
If : " Without me ye can do nothing."
Disregarding these solemnly impose d max-
ims, whatever ostensibly religious work we
set about, how prone and likely we are to run
nto self-activity and other fruits of the wild
olive tree, with the impression, perhaps, at
the same time, that we are doing God service,
when, in truth, we are but sowing to the flesh,
and compassing ourselves with sparks of our
own kindling, the end of which is to lie down
in sorrow. How many, it is to be feared,
especially in such a day of outwardness as
this, have made shipwreck of faith and a good
conscience by this apt stratagem of the enemy,
who cares not how he misleads or beguiles, if
he can but divert from a true-hearted allegi-
ance, a submission and obedience with a sin-
gle eye to Christ our King, which He, as the
Captain of our salvation claim.s; without
whom we are powerless in the great work of
redemption. How true it is that we cannot
elect our own way of being good or of doing
good, lest the wisdom of self be exalted, in-
stead of the power and kingdom of Christ.
If the Saviour, to whom is given all power
in heaven and in earth, is wholly competent
to carry on and perfect his own work in us,
when we, through the admission of Him into
the heart, and the humbling purifying bap-
tisms of his spirit, are brought into a state of
passive obedience to his will ; if it is He who
then worketh in us both to will and to do of
his own good pleasure ; if his grace now, as
when the apostle wrote, "is sufficient" for us
in every strait, peril, circumstance or tribula-
tion, which may arise, then is not the conclu-
sion self-evident and incontrovertible, that the
work of Christ, in the first place, is a giving
up of ourselves to, and a following of Him as
182
THE FRIEND.
dear children ? Is it not allowing the gov-
ernnieut of ourselves to be upon the shoulders
of Him, the wonderful Counsellor and sure
Guide into all truth ? Herein, we believe, lies
the indispensable pupilageand preparation for
service in the church of Christ. Yea, it is
these that, taking his yolse upon them, learn
of Him lowliness and meekness; and experi-
ence the discipline of the cross to be made
easy and its burden light, because of their
obedient heart and willing spirit. It is these
that are enabled to become strong in the Lord
and in the power of his might. It is these
who, planted in the likeness of his death, be-
cause of steadfastly " holding the Head, from
which all the body by joints and bands hav-
ing nourishment ministered, and knit together
increaseth with the increase of God," shal
experience a being raised in the likeness of his
resuri'ection. For there must of necessit}' be
a death unto sin, before there can be a life
unto righteousness.
Would that wo might examine in the light
of the Lord, freely dispensed to every one,
how it is with us ; and whether we have been
caught in this subtle snare of the great enemy.
Whether we have in our own unmortifiod or
unsubjected will and wisdom, set about the
erection of any Babel of good works? Whether
we have, with unsanctified hands, essayed
to steady the tottering ark as did Uzzah ?
Whether wo are guilty of sacrificing before
the prophet Samuel came, or power from on
high has been given, as in the case of king
Saul ? Or whether in the prosecution of any
other professedly religious engagement we
have been careful, before entering upon it, to
submit ourselves to the Lord in living obedi-
ence ; saying, " If Tbj^ presence go not with
me, carry (me) not up hence." As this ten-
der, teachable, dependent spirit prevails, as
the primary concern is to be brought to and
taught at the feet of the crucified, yet risen
and glorified Emmanuel, as the one thing
needful. He will to these impart grace, know-
ledge, and comfort sufficient for all their need.
The place for them to labor, the niche they
are to fill, the work they are to do, will be
duly shown unto them by the Good Shepherd ;
and such labor, proceeding from Him, the root
and ground of Truth, and Vine of life, it is de-
clared, shall not be barren nor unfruitful ; but
shall prosper whereunto it is sent.
As this is the case, the Lord omnipotent
will more and more water and bless his heri-
tage; will j'et have mercy upon Zion ; and
will cause his servants to take jjlcasure in her
stones, and to favor the dust thereof. He will
again build her waste places ; make her wil-
derness as Eden, her desert as the garden of
the Lord, to the exceeding joy and rejoicing
of those who now mourn over her desolations.
For "The Friend."
The Bermuik Islands.
(Concluded from puge 174.)
There is little live stock on the islands.
Cattle and sheep do not thrive well, probably
mainly owing to the want of a plentiful sup
ply of good water. Butcher's meat is almost
all imported from America. Horses are not
very numerous, and only tolerably good. The
principal crops raised are potatoes, tomatoes,
and onions for the New York market. They
are of the very best quality, but they are
raised in comparatively small quantity, owing
partly to the scarcity of labor, and pai'tly to
the unequal distribution of the fertile soil, and
the want of a sufficient supply of manure.
Arrowroot was at one time a principal article
of export; but the quantity pi'oducod has been
steadily decreasing of late years. What is
made is certainly excellent, and fetches a
higher price than the West Indian, which is
driving it out of the market. The crop how-
ever is a troublesome one, the labor connected
with it extending about a year, and the Ber-
mudians find the culture of the potato, which
lies only aboutone hundred days in the ground,
gives much less trouble, and commands a cer-
tain and speedy market in America, a more
profitable speculation. Indian corn is greatly
used as an article of food, but it is imported
from America. Cassava is common in the
gardens and thrives well. All the European
vegetables grow in Bermudas, and, with care,
seem to come to considerable perfection. It
is singular that seed potatoes, and garden-
seeds of all kinds, including tho.se of the onion
and tomato, are imported every year, usually
from America or Madeira. It is generally
understood that seed grown on the islands
will j-ield a deteriorated crop.
Some years ago Bermudas was famous for
its oranges; several of the best varieties were
cultivated in gardens, and the fruit arrived at
wonderful perfection ; while the lemon, the
lime, and the bitter orange sprung up every
where, so that the country lanes and hedge
rows were redolent of the delicious perfume
of orange blossoms, and the fruit fell off, and
rotted on the ground. About the year 1854,
a minute insect, of the family coccida, ap-
peared on the orange trees, and multiplied
greatly. The leaves, covered with scales and
glutinous with a viscid excretion from the
animal, became yellow and fell off, the fruit
dropped before ripening, and finally many of
the trees died. Bermudas has never recovered
from this plague, and now tiiere is scarcely
an orange grown on the islands. The wild
lemons and limes still flourish, but the culti-
vated varieties have disappeared from the
gardens.
Fruit is by no means abundant. The smaller
English fruits, gooseberry, raspberry, currant,
&c., run to wood and do not bear. Strawber-
ries fruit fairly. Bananas are generally culti-
vated, and are good. There are some fine
trees of the avocado pear, which bear abun-
dantly. The mango has been introduced into
some gardens, but the crop cannot be de-
pended upon.
The climate of Bermudas is very genial ;
the mean annual temperature is about 6?°
Fahr., while that of Madeira, in almost ex-
actly the same latitude, is 64° Fahr. The
temperature of the coldest month (62° Fahr.)
is, however, somewhat lower at Bermudas
than at Madeira, while that of the warmest
month is considerably higher, (72° to 80°).
The greater summer-heat^ telling upon the
flowering and the ripening of the seeds of
plants, gives the flora of Bermudas a more
tropical character than that of Madeira, and
his is undoubtedly increased by the circum-
stance, that while the vegetation of Madeira,
nd the other "Atlantic islands," the Azores,
and the Canaries, appears to be to a great de-
gree an extension of that of Southern Europe,
that of Bermudas, if we except a large num-
ber of introduced plants, is in the main de-
rived from the West Indies and the South of
North America.
The fauna of Bermudas is singularly poor.
There are no wild mammals excepting the
I rats and mice which have been imported wit!
foreign produce. Only about half a doze
land birds breed on the i.slands, and all c
these are common North American species '
probably the most abundant are the Ameri t
can crow, and a pretty little ground dovf
Many American birds are annual visiters
Only one reptile is known, a lizard commo:
in Carolina.
It is pleasant to ride of an evening alon,
the green roads in Bermudas. The exoti I
character of the vegetation is not obtrusive
The palmetto is the only indigenous pain
The cabbage palm, the date palm, the cocoai
nut, and the grugru palm have been intro
duced and grow well ; but they do not ripei
their fruit. The bananas around the cottage
look tropical, and so do the stars of scarle
tracts of Poinsettia, and the stars of crimsoi
flowers of Erythrina ; but the lar more gen
oral tamarisks and oleanders are familial
An exotic cast is given to the undergrowtl
by the prickly pear, the Mexican yellow
poppy, the scarlet sage, and the wild ipecaeu
anha; but nettles, chickweed, sow-thistlci
clovers, and other cosmopolitan weeds, holt
their accustomed place.
Alexander of Russia,
During Stephen Gre'let's sojourn in Peters
burg. Prince Alexander Galilzin related som.
interesting particulars respecting the Empero
Alexander; among others, the peculiar cir
cumstances attending the renewing of thos
religious impressions that of latter years hav
been of an abiding nature with him. Whei
the information was received at Pelersburj
that the armies of N.npoleon had cnterci
Moscow, a general panic came upon the in
habitants, and they packed up their valuable
to take their flight into some more securi
place; for they expected the French wouk
soon march for that cMj. The emperor wa
preparing to go with the bodj' of troops col
lected there to oppose them. Prince Alexan
der Galitzin had at that time many men em
ployed in repairing his palace, which he con
tinned calmly to go on with, whilst so man]'
others were panic stricken. Some enviou '
persons told the emperor what he was doing"
and that he must be a traitor. He went ti ''
the Prince, and queried, " Galitzin, what ar"
you doing? What means all this: everf'
one prepares to flee, and you are building?'!'
■' Oh," said the Prince, " I am here in as sur '
a place of safety as any I could flee to ; th' «
Lord is my defence, in him I trust." " Whenc''
have you such confidence?" replied the Em*
peror, " who assures you of it?" "I feel it ii "
my heart," answered the Prince, "and it i'
also stated in this Divinely inspired volume'''
— holding forth the Bible to the Emperor']
By some inadvertent motion of the hand, thi
Bible fell upon the floor — open. "Well, per "
mit me," said the Prince, " to read to you it 'j
that very place on which the Bible lies opei '
before us." It was the ninety-first Psalm ; oi
hearing which, the Emperor stood for awhili ''
like a man astonished. The army, durinj *
that time, was marching out of the city. I "
is the usual practice on such occasions, o "
when the Emperor is to be absent for a lengtl ^
of time, that the last place he leaves is the
great church. He repaired there ; the portioil
of Scripture read on the occasion was agaii'
the 9l8t Psalm. The Emperor sent for thij
priest, and queiied, ''Who told you to makj
choice of that particular passage of Scripture^
THE FRIEND.
183
;s day?" He replied, "that nobody had
1 ir li. hut that he had desired in prayer that
! Lcji-d would direet him to the particular
lion of the inspired volume he should read,
encourage the Emperor, and that he appre-
ded that Psalm was the word of the Lord
him." The Emperor proceeded some dis-
ice on his way; and late in the evening he
; his mind under great seriousness, and de-
d that the Bible should be read to him.
iien the person who came in for that pur-
se began, he also road the 91st Psalm. The
peror, interrupting him, queried, •' who
d you to read this — has Galitzin told you ? '
•epiied that he had not seen the Prince,
ha J any one told him what to read ; but
It on being told he was sent for to read to
3 Emperor from the Bible, he had desired
it the Lord would direct liim to what was
st appropriate for the occasion, and ac-
dingly he had selected this portion of Serip-
e. The Emperor felt astonished at this,
d paid the greater attention to what was
d, believing that this must be of the Lord's
lering ; he was therefore ver}' solemnly and
iderly impressed, and from that time he
leluded, morning and evening, to read
vately a chapter in the Bible.
An Ant Battle.
On a sultry afternoon, the first day of July,
ras lazily sauntering in the grove, when, on
king down, I found, to my surprise, that I
s in the midst of a battlefield. A ])owcrful
ny of red ants had invaded the dominions
the black colony which, for three years past,
lad a kind of supervision over. I had often
3Ught plants covered with aphides— the im-
tal Linnffius called these aphides the ants'
s — and stuck the plants into tht- earth
nuid their dwelling, and had given them
jar, and had driven and carried toads from
eir nests which were devouring them. In
ort, I had become very much interested in
id quite attached to this colony, but I was
werless to aid them now. I could only look
n wonder and astonishment.
A yard or more around the foot of the tree
) battle was raging, and no place for the
e of my foot without crushing the combat-
ts. I found iu every instance a red ant pit-
i against a black ; sometimes two red ones
ainstone black, in which case the black was
Dn dispatched. For three hours I watched
conflict ; all around me the combatants
jked in close embrace, rolling and tumbling
out, never separating until one was killed,
d often the dead victim had fastened with
firm a hold on his adversary that it was
th the utmost difficulty he could free him-
If from his death-grip.
The sun went down, and the gathering
rkne^s compelled me to leave my post ot
•servation, but, as long as 1 could see, the
nfliet was as fierce as when I first beheld
I now picked up several of the warriors,
t so intent were they in their terrible strug-
} that my handling did not divert them in
e least. I carried several pairs into the
)use, placed them under a large oval glass
he cover of a fernery), on a marble-topped
ble. and watched the conflict.
I found I had ten black and ten red war-
ors not engaged in a general melee, but each
tent upon killing his own adversary. It
as fully an hour before the first w^irrior wa^
lied — a red has at last despatched his black
antagonist, and not satisfied with killing him,
ho tears his legs from bis body and severs his
antennae. After convincing himself that iie
is really dead, he looks around at the other
warriors which are still closely locked in their
dreadful embrace, and now he hurries from
one couple to another, as if to see where his
services are most needed. He finds a couple
whose struggles are nearly ovei- — a black is
fastened with a death-grip to his adversary's
foreleg. The red hero soon severs the head
from the black soldier, and leaves it hanging
to the log of his dying comrade. He now goes
to another couple who are still fiercely eon-
tending ; he seizes the black, and now all
three roll and tumble about together; but the
black is soon killed, and as in the other case,
his mandibles are locked on his adversary's
leg. But this time our hero does not sever
the head from the black soldier, but leaves
his comrade to free himself as best he can,
while he goes to the assistance of a third less
fortunate brother, where the black seem to
have the belter of his antagonist. Here a
long struggle ensues, and now another red
soldier has dispatched his opponent, and he
comes to the struggling three, moves about
them in an excited manner, with his mandi-
bles stretched wide apart, waiting his oppor-
tunity to fixsten them on the black ; ho finds
his chance, seizes him between the thorax and
abdomen, and severs the body in two ; but the
dying black does not relax his held of the first
antagonist, and they die together.
I now leave the fierce combatants for the
night. In the morning I find that every
black is killed, and four red soldiers are dead
and two others cannot survive. The legs and
antennaj and mutilated bodies of the dead
warriors are strewn about, every fragment
showing conspicuonsi}' on the white marble
Out of the twent}', fourteen are dead and two
nearly lifeless — only four have survived,
put some drops of water and moistened sugar
under the glass for the surviving heroes; two
find the water and drink. I now repair to
the battle-field. The struggle is over— not a
black to be seen, but a column of the red in-
vaders is emerging from a large cavity that
leads to the nunierous galleries and under-
ground chambers of these industrious blacks,
and each invader is carrying a larva or pupa.
I follow the column, which is from four to
five inches in width, to the nest of red ants
before mentioned. There is a wide opening
in the side of this nest, down which they all
disappear and leave their burdens, and again
start for more plunder. All day long these
powerful marauders are engaged in this work.
They carry a larva or pupa carefully and drop
it on being disturbed. But what does this
mean? Every little while a red warrior
comes out with a black bundle, which he car-
ries as carefully as ho does the pupa or larva.
I stop him to inquire into the matter ; he drops
his bundle, which immediately unrolls, and
lo! it is a lively black ant, apparently unhurt,
and, to my eye, no way different from the
warrior with whom he was so fiercely fighting.
The books which I have read on the subject
inform me that "the red ants carry the pupro
and larva3 of the blacks to their nest, where
they rear them for slaves, but they never cap-
ture the adult ant, for it would not stay in the
new home if they did." But these ants cer-
tainly carried a great number of adult blacks
tv-) their nest, and I am quite sure they did not
run away, but stayed and helped to nurse and
feed the larvse. I captured several of the red
marauders with their victims, and placed
them under the glass. The reds now pay no
itteution to the blacks, but simply try to
make their escape. I take larvseand lay them
I leaf, and put them under the glass also,
and place moistened sugar in their reach.
Very soon the blacks are feeding the helpless
larvse. I remove the glass cover ; the reds
mmediately run away, but the blacks stay
,nd continue to sip the moistened sugar and
eed the young. I hold a magnifying glass
over them, and find the little larvae raise up
their heads and open their mouths to be fed,
very much like young birds. I now take the
larvfe, together with the nurses, and place
them near the nest of red ants. I soon lose
sight of the nurses, but the larvffi are quickly
taken into the nest by the red soldiers. —
Harper's Magazine.
War. — War, in its origin and its progress,
its glories and its triumphs, is rooted in sin,
and" is sustained by the pride and corruption
of man. — -Jacob Lindley.
THE FRIEND.
FIRST MONTH 18, 1879.
The Scriptures of truth contain many con-
soling assurances of the goodness of the Lord
towards those who are faithfully endeavor-
ing to serve Him. The Psalmist says, " I
sought the Lord and He heard me, and de-
livered mo from all my fears." " This poor
man cried and the Lord heard him, and saved
him out of all his troubles." "The young
lions do lack and sufl'er hunger ; but they that
seek the Lord shall not want any good thing."
■'The eyes of the Lord are upon the right-
eous, and his oars are open unto their cry."
"The righteous cry and the Jjord heareth,
and delivereth them out of all their troubles."
"Many are the afflictions of the righteous,
but the Lord delivereth him out of them all."
These expressions are all contained in a single
one of the Psalms of David ; and the number
of such precious promises might bo greatly
increased.
The upright in heart arc not promised
freedom from those proving dispensations
which are the lot of all in this state of exist-
ence ; and which are a necessary discipline in
the Divine ordering of events, to train and
prepare us for usefulness in the church mili-
tant here, and for enjoyment of the glorious
blessedness promised to the Church triumph-
ant in Heaven. The language used is, " Many
are the afflictions of the righteous," — but
what a soul-reviving promise is annexed there-
to, " But the Lord delivereth him out of them
aiir
Our late valued friend, Hannah 'Williams,
says in one of her letters, " If, under our prov-
ings, we endeavor to do our best, no doubt we
shall be helped ;" and also that she had been
particularly impressed, " in reading the life of
Thomas Shillitoe, to find him over and over
again, out of great weakness and difficulties
and trials, as a last resort, summing up his
energies and resolving ' to do his best ;' and he
was helped, even to admii-ation."
Doubts and fears will at times assail even
those who sincerely desire to follow onintho
tribulated path that leads to rest and peace,
184
THE FRIEND.
and to know tribulation to work patience, and
putioiice to have its perfect work. Their
faith is often reduced to a low ebb ; but what
a mercy it is at such seasons to know that
help is laid upon One who is mighty to save
and able to deliver, even to the very utter-
most. The humble follower of Christ in such
a condition, may be prepared to adopt the
lanauage of Jonah when he said, "The waters
compassed mo about, even to the soul ; the
depth closed me round about, the weeds were
wrapped about my head;" but the subsequent
experience of the Prophet will be his also ; —
" When my soul fainted within me, I remem-
bered the Lord, and my prayer came in unto
thee, into thine holy temple;" and he will
feel bound to adopt his holy resolution, " I will
sacrifice unto thee with the voice of thanks-
giving ; I will pay that that I have vowed ;" and
be enabled to make the same ackuowledg-
meut, ''Salvation is of the Lord."
that true repentance would be experienced
and forgiveness obtained.
In the present instance, the execution of
the criminal was attended with many revolt
ing circumstances, and we hope may have tht
effect to arouse the feelings of the community
to the barbarity of this method of punishment
as well as to its inadequacy for the end in
view — the deterring of wicked persons from
thecommissiopof this crime — and to the utter
incompatibility of it with what should be the
etfect of all judicial punishment; the reforma-
tion of the offender. Would that just and
humane views in regard to the treatment of
such criminals should prevail to the entire
bolition of what appeai-s to us a remnant of
barbarism !
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— The report of the Treasurer of
Pennsylvania showa that the State debt, during the year
ended 12th mo. 1st, 187S, was reduced $1,068,193, and
On the lOlh inst., Benjamin Hunter was ?" l^^' ?^"^ amounted to $21,875,620. The sinking
executed in the neighboring city of Camden, [[^^he' l^^^^^^?^^"'' ^' *'''°*''''' '^"^-
for the murder of an individual some months There has recently been shown, at the Ledger office
ago. The verdict of the jury who found him [in this city, a tax notice dated 1795, wliich notifies a
guilty has been confirmed by his own confes- 1'^^'^'''^"' °f Southwark that his tax rate was 21.3 cents
sion ; from which it appears that the leading j""''^*^ *^^^- .
motive for the commission of the horribl iheonerati:
The operations of the Philadelphia Post-office, for the
,, , , „ ,. , , ''year 1878, show a steady, and in some particulars, a de-
eiime was that love of money which the|cided increase over any previous year. There were
apostle declares to be " the root of all evil ;" jdelivered by carriers, letters and drop letters, 1,054,541
and which, in the present case, certainly in- '"^^i" l^s' year; of postal cards, 1,107,465; newspapers,
duced the unhappy criminal so to act as to ''^i^ •^^~™'''''"S ^ 'o''^' increase of 2,877,760. The
"niorce him«f>lf Y liVnn„b i^Ith .v,n^„ „^....„,„„ " collection shows an increase in letters of 624,084 ; postal
pio.ee lumseltthiough with many sorrows, i cards, 479,142; newspapers, 420,815.
In his confession, he states that the mur-| The English revisers of the New Testament have
dcred man was indebted to him. To secure finished their second and final revision. The company
himself from ultimate loss he effected largo i'*'*^'^ '^^''^ ^^ sessions, and have spent 337 days on the
insurances on his life in ditferent Insurance '"'T"''''- There were 24 members of the company, and
P/-vrvii-...n;aQ Thar^ tk„ ,„ .• . J 1 ■ '"^ average attendance has been 15. There now re-
W . K f • P T- ^ K. suggestion en tered h l.S . „.,;„, the consideration of any further suggestions that
heart, that if his debtor were to die, it would may be made by the American company, and the ad
be greatly to his pecuniary advantage by en- justment of some questions which have been reserved
abling him to collect the suras that would l''" the end.
then be payable. As he allowed this thou-i-ht ! , ^f ^^ '"'"-"^ °° *^? ,^-"' '""■ '='^"?'^, ''not'l^r rise in
in in\ra ,\r,Lo<.c;r.„ r.eu;. .^- 1 1 ," ^ ,, the James river, which was reported eleven feet abovc
to take possession of his mind, and meditated (ordinary high ;ater mark. Tlie streets in the lower
upon It; the temptation jjresented to hasten |part of Richmond, Va., were flooded by an ice gorge.
the death on which so much was at stake. JEamilies were moving from their houses, and merchants
Thus step by step the cunning Adversary of '■'^'^°^'°g'''^''' goods in the flooded district. The break-
man's happiness led him into the snare which '"?• °^ '"^ ''^^ ^°I^^ '? *''^ Kanawha river, has caused
>.o t,ofl r>t^o.->o..Qfl fr... u',^ „ fi 1 • u .. '^ oisastrous flood, and fears were entertained of a gen-
he had prepared for him ; until his heart was |eral ice break in the Ohio river; three steamers and 89
given over to murderous thoughts, and his ! barges, some of the latter laden with coal, have been
brother's blood, [sunk at different point-s.
of the 9th inst. is spoken of as the
cnown for twenty years, in southern Ohio and
I northern Kentucky. Railroad travel was delayed, and
,. , ,, , ,, , t'O at fronton, Ohio, mills stopped for want of coal.
Which would have enabled him to resist the j The hostile Cheyennes imprisoned at Fort Robinson
first departure from the way of peace, and since last autumn, broke from the windows of their
would have preserved him from fallino- into 'P"*?""™*^"?."" 'li? night of tlie 9th inst., and escaped
given over lo muraerous inougtits, and his ! barges, son
hands were imbued with a brother's blood, [sunk at diff
Ho could not have reached this condition with- The sno?
out doing violence to the convictions of the j. ,!!!'!!'„ '^J^
Light of Christ in his heart; obedience
so dreadful a state.
May this sad case be a warning to all to
shun the first step in the downward path.
Every yielding to temptation to evil, no mat-
ter in how slight a degree, weakens the power
S])irit who
watching to beguile the unwary.
the prairie. The guards followed in pursuit, and
fired npon the Indians, killing about 40 of them. The
cause of the outbreak is stated to be the determination
on the part of the Indians not to go to the Indian Ter-
ritory, where it had been decided to remove them.
The export of sugar from Boston, in 1878, amounted
of resistance, and places' us more „nder the i[° p'^^'^f^'^''^ P"""*^"' °^'^'"'''' ^^■'^•^^■-^^ P''''"'^« ^^"^^
ifluence of that Evil Spirit who is ever j "onlhe^'ilth inst., the Secretary of the Treasury re-
jceived over $2,600,000 subscriptions to the 4 per cent
The violent ending of the life given to his! !<">"> and issued an
itional creatures by God for his own Divine *1*^'0''0,000 5-20's of
another call for the redemption of
, , of 1867. This makes since the open-
purposes, is shocking to our feelings; even 'jjol ooo'l867's^caUed''^^^''^'^° ^'' ^"'^^'="'^^'^' '''"'J ^^O."
when efl:ectod by the authority of law, bythei I^ New York Vst week there were 270 cases of scar-
hands of officers legally appointed for that [let fever reported, and G3 cases of diphtheria— the
purpose, and as a punishment for atrocious '"""^ber of deaths from the former was 54, and of the
Climes. We believe it would bo more in ac-
cordance with the Divine Will, and with the
spirit of that Gospel which breathes "peace
on earth and good will to man," that such
■minals should be placed in confiuement,
whe
spect,
itter 22. The mortality from all causes was 569. Tii<
number of deaths in this city for the week was 359, of
whom 50 were of consumption.
^ Markets, .fcc— Gold 100. U. S. sixes, 1881, 1061 ;
5's, 1881, registered, 100; coupon, 1071; ih per cents,
1055; 4 per cents, 99,J ; 5-20'.s, 1867, 102?; do. 1868,
time could be allowed for quiet retrolp*^^,^, ni «■, . jr , , , ..
n which there mi-ht be some hone Orle'linr ^ ^ ^"' ^ "^
Flour. — Minnesota extra $4 for medium, and $
for fancy ; western, S4.80 a $5.12i. Patent and o
high grades, $5.50 a $7.50. Rye flour, $2.75 a $2.
Grain.- Wheat, red $1.05^ a $1.06 ; amber, $1.0'
$1.07^ ; white, $1.05. Rye, 55 cts. Corn, 42 a 46
Oats, 28 a 32J cts. per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 65 a 75 cts. per
pounds ; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. Straw, 65 a 75 cts.
100 pounds.
Seeds. — Choice clover-seed, 6} a 6| cts. per po
for choice, and 5 a 5.V cts for common.
Beef cattle were in fair demand ; 1700 head arri
and sold at 5J- a 5| cts., for Penna. and western ste
4} a 5 cts. for fair to good, and 3J a 4 cts. for coram
Sheep sold at 3 a 5} cts. per pound gross for comn
to choice. Hogs, 4 a 5.^ cts. per pound, as to qiialil
Foreign. — The library of the Birmingham and M
land Institute was burned on the 11th inst. It c
taiued 80,000 volumes. Comparatively few books w
saved.
The Weardale Iron and Co.il Company have <
charged 1500 men because of the depression of tra
There are about sixty joint-stock companies in Shefli
working coal and iron mines, rolling mills, steel wor
&c., and about twenty of these are in liquidation.
The British Post-office is said to have in its emp
45,506 persons^including the telegraph department
A despatch from Calcutta says. General Stewai
force has marched through Candahar. The other t
divisions of the British army have gone into
quarters. The Afghans are reported friendly. It
stated that the Ameer is expected to arrive in
Petersburg about the middle of next month.
General anxiety is said to prevail throughout Rus
on account of the plague in Astrakhan. The infect
district has been surrounded by troops.
Experiments have recently been made at seve:
foundries in Geneva, for the purpose of proving t
quality of American coal, and have resulted very sat
factory. The iron m.ide with it was so much superi
to that produced by the coke invariably used throng
out Switzerland, that the manufacturers confers thf
amazement and gratification. The American con
thinks this will lead to an extensive demand for anthi
cite coal in Switzerland.
The average grain product of Europe is reported
5,000,000,000 bushels, of which Russia raises one-tlii)
France and Germany 520,000,000 bushels each, ai
Austria 500,000,000. Russia raises nearly twice '
she needs, and Great Britain produces about one-four
of her requirement.
The difliculty between the government of Tunis ai
the French, is reported to have been settled by tl
Prime Minister of Tunis tendering to the French Co
sulate, on behalf of the Bey, a full apology.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, {Tmnty-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent — .JohnC. Hall, M.'
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Died, on 11th month 11th, 1878, at the residence
her brother, Samuel Carey, Warren Co., Iowa, Sara
Carey, a beloved and consistent member of the r
ligious .Society of Friends, aged fifty-four years. Th
dear Friend had long been much afflicted, having bee
entirely deprived of eye-sight for a considerable tim
and finally became paralyzed, which she bore wil|'
Christian patience. Her relatives and friends have tl '
consoling hope that she was, through infinite mere;
prepared to enter into that rest which remaineth for tl
people of God.
, on the 20th of 12th month, 1878, at the res
dence of her son, Samuel Carey, Warren Co., low
Rhoda, widow of the late Thomas Carey, in the 87t
year of her age, an esteemed member of Coal Crce
Monthly Meeting of Friends, Iowa. She was a woma
ofmeek and quiet spirit, and strongly attached to tli
principles of the gospel as professed by our religioi
Society. She manifested^ an ardent desire that the
might be sustained in their primitive purity, and gav
evidence that she was prepared as a shock of corn fi "
ripe, ready to be gathered into the heavenly garner,
, at his residence, in Oskaloosa, Iowa, on th
27th of ]2th month, 1873, Jesse Stanley, aged 7
years. Though called from works to rewards— .as in
moment, in the twinkling of an eye, yet his relative
and friends are comforted in believing he was read
and prepared for the great change.
ght be some hope
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
70L. LII.
SEVEXTH-DAY, FIRST MOXTH 25, 1879.
NO. 24.
: PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ce, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum; if not paid
in advance S2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Po.^tage On those sent by mail.
[ Slbjcriptiona and Payments received by
\ JOHX S. STOKE.S,
'p so. 116 SOUTH FOURTH STREET, VF STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
limoiiies of Profane WrittTs b tlic crcdibilily of tlic
t New Testament.
^iracted from Home's Introduction to the Holy
pcriptures.
(Contiuued from page 178.)
(2.) The next testimony to be adduced is
it of Cains Plinius Caacilius Secundus, better
own by the name of the younger Pli.nf.
was born a. d. 61 or 62 ; and, after holding
•ious distinguished offices, Was sent to the
)viuces of Poutus and Eithynia, by the em-
■or Trajan, a. d. lOG — 108, as his lieutenant,
S proprietor, with proconsular power. The
rsecutions of the Cliristians under that era-
ror had commenced A. D. 100; and in that
bote country there were at this time pro-
tious numbers of Christians, against whom
iny, b}' the emperor's edict, was obliged to
p all manner of soverit}'. Being, however,
person of good sense and moderation, ho
Jged it prudent not to proceed to the es-
me rigor of the law, until ho had repre-
Hed the case to Trajan, and had received
J commands concerning it. He therefore
fote him the following epistle, a. d. 107,
jhich is too important to be abridged), and
the same year received the emperor's re-
ipt:-
'' Pliny, to the emperor Trajan, wishoth
ilth and happiness; —
' It is my constant custom, sir, to refer my-
f to you, in all matters concerning which
lave any doubt. For who can better direct
s when I hesitate, or instruct me where I
I ignorant? I have never been present at
y trials of Christiiins; so that I know not
ill what is the subject matter of punishment
of inquiry, or what strictness ought to be
sd in either. Nor have I been a little per-
pxed to determine whether any difference
ight to be made upon account of age, or
bother tho young and tender, and the full
[own and robust, ougbt to be treated all
jke; whether repentance should entitle to
rdon, or whether all who have once been
■iristians ought to be punished, though they
'e now no longer so ; whether the name
^elf, although no crimes be detected, or
imes only belonging to the name, ought to
punished. Concerning all these things I
in doubt.
In the meantime I have taken this course
ith all who have been brought before me,
d have been accused as Christian^. I have
t the question to them, Whether they were
hristians. Upon their confessing to me that
they were, I repeated the question a second
and a third time, threatening also to punish
them with death. Such as still persisted, I
ordered away to be punished ; for it was no
doubt with me, whatever raigiO. be the nature
of their opinion, that contumacy and inflexi-
ble obstinacy ought to be punished. There
were others of the same infatuation, whom,
because they are Roman citizens, 1 have noted
down to bo sent to the city.
" In a short time, the crime spreading itself,
even whilst under persecution, as is usual in
such cases, divers sorts of people came in my
way. An information was ])resenied to me,
without mentioning the author, containing
the namos of many persons, who, upon ex-
amination, denied that they were Christians,
or had ever been so; who repeated after me
an invocation of the gods, and with wine and
frankincense made supplication to j'ourimage,
which, for that purpose, I had caused to be
brought and set before them, together with
the statues of the deities. Moreover, they re-
viled the name of Christ, none of which things,
as is said, they who are really Christians can
byany meansbecompellodtodo. These, there-
fore, I thought proper to discharge. Others
were named by an informer, who at first con
fessed themselves Christians, and afterwards
denied it; the rest said they had been Chris-
tians, but had left them — some three years ago,
some longer, and one or more, above twent}'
years. They all worshipped your image, and
the statues of the gods ; these also reviled
Clirist. They affirmed that the whole of their
fault or error lay in this, that they were ivont to
meet together, on a stated day. before it was light,
and sing among themselves, alternately, a hymn
to Christ as God ; and to bind themselves by a
solemn oath (sacramento), 7iotto the commission
of any wickedness, but not to be guilty of theft, or
robbery, or adultery, never to falsify their word,
nor to deny a pledge committed to them, lohen
called upon to return it. When these things
were performed, it was their custom to separate,
and then to come together again to a meal, which
they ate in common, without any disorder ; but
this they had forborne since the publication of my
edict, by which, according to your commands, I
prohibited assemblies.
"After receiving this account, I judged it
the more necessary to examine, and that by
torture, two maid-servants, which were called
ministers. But I have discovered nothing
beside an evil and excessive superstition. Sus-
pending therefore all judicial proceedings, I
have recourse to you for advice ; for it has ap
peared unto me a matter highly deserving
consideration, especially upon account of the
great number of persons who are in danger of
suffering ; for many of all ages, and every rank,
of both sexes likewise, are accused, and will be
accused. JVor has the contagion of this super
stition seized cities only, but the lesser towns a'.so,
and the open country. Nevertheless, it seems
to me that it may be restrained and corrected.
It is certain that the temples, which were
almost forsaken, begin to be more frequented ;
and the sacred solemnities, after a long inter-
mission, are revived. Victims likewise are
every where brought up, whereas for some
time there were few purchasers. Whence it
is easy to imagine what numborsof men might
be reclaimed, if pardon were granted to those
who shall repent."
To the preceding letter, the emperor Trajan
sent the following reply : —
"Trajan to Pliny, wishoth health and hap-
piness : —
"You have taken the right method, ray
Pliny, in your proceedings with those who
have been brought before you as Christians ;
for it is impossible to establish any one rule
that shall hold universally. They are not to
be sought for. If any are brought before you,
and are convicted, the}' ought to be punished.
However, he that denies his being a Chris-
tian, and makes it evident in fact, that is, by
supplicating to our gods, though he be sus-
pected to have been so formerly, let him be
pardoned upon repentance. But in no case,
")f any crime whatever, may a bill of informa-
tion be received, without being signed by him
who presents it; for that would be a danger-
ous precedent, and unworthy of my govern-
ment."
Tho preceding letter and rescript furnish
numerous important testimonies to the state
of Christianity, and to the purity of Christian
principles. We learn from it, in the first
place, the great progress of the Christian re-
ligion in a short space of time. Christianity
was neither known nor heard of in the world
before tho reign of Tiberius. Eighty years
had not elapsed since the crucifixion of Jesus,
when Pliny wrote this letter, nor seventy
years since the disciples of Jesus began to
make any mention of him to the Gentiles;
and yet there were at this time great numbers
of men whom Pliny repeatedly terms Chris-
tians, in that part of Asia where he presided,
at a great distance from Juda3a. Christians
there were every where, throughout the whole
extent of his province, in cities, in villages,
and in tho open country. Among them were
persons of all ages, of eveiy rank and condi-
tion, and of both sexes ; and some of them also
were citizens of Rome. The prevalence of
Christianity appears likewise from the uni-
versal decay of pagan worship : the temples
were deserted, and tho sacrifices discontinued.
Beasts, brought to market for victims, had
few purchasers. So many were accused, and
were in danger of suffering on account of the
prevalence of this opinion, as gave the presi-
dent no small concern. Further, it is evident
that there were not only many at this time
who bore the Christian name, but that such
people had been there for many years; some,
for several years ; and one or more, who had
been brought before Pliny, had professed
Christianity, and had renounced it more than
twenty years. All which circumstances prove
that Christianity had been planted there for
ISO
THE FRIEND.
many years before his arrival. Sucli an in-
crease, indeed, could only be the work of time.
— Secondly, Pliny's letter bear,^ a noble testi-
mony to the fortitude of the Christians in
suffering, and to their steady perseverance in
the faith of Jesus Christ; and it also commu-
nicates several interesting particulars relative
to their religious belief and worship. More
particularly, 1. They disowned all the gods of
the heathens, and would not worship th
images of the emperors or of their gods. The
people who embraced this religion forsook the
heathen temples and altars, and offered no
sacrifices there. 2. They assembled togethoi
on a stated day, which we know from the col
lateral testimony of Christian writers was the
Lord's day or Sunday, on which day Chris-
tians celebrate the weekly festival of Christ's
resurrection. 3. When they were assembled,
Pliny says that they sang a hymn to Christ
as God ; and also engaged themselves, " by an
oath, not to commit theft, or robbery, or
adultery, never to falsity their word, nor to
deny a pledge committed to them." This ac-
count is highly to the honor of the flrst Chris-
tians. They paid divine worship to their God
and Saviour, Jesus Christ, and devoted them-
selves to the practice of moral virtue. — Lastly,
both the epistle of Pliny, and the letter or re-
script of Trajan, attest the innocence and vir-
tue of the first Christians. From the former
it is evident that no crime, besides that of
their religion, was proved against any of those
who were brought before Pliny. Even their
accusers and prosecutors alleged nothing else
against them, but that they were Christians:
he examined apostates ; he put to the torture
two young women who were ministers or
deaconesses, and yet he discovered nothing
but what was quite harmless. The only
charge sigainst them is an absurd superstition,
and obstinacy in adhering to it. Trajan's re-
script affords equally strong proof of the in-
nocence of these men. Ke knew not of any
offence of which they were guilty, excepting
only that they did not supplicate the heathen
deities. The honesty and innocency of these
men oblige us to pay great regard to their
belief and profession of the Christian religion
If they were sober and discreet before They
embraced it, we may be sure that there then
were such evidences of its truth as approved
themselves to serious persons. If they are
supposed to have formerly been vicious and
irregular, here is a strong proof of the truth
and goodness of Christianity, inasmuch as
had so great an influence on the minds of
men, at a time when they might easily know
whether it was well grounded or not. In
either case, it is an honor to those principles,
that those who embraced them maintained
such innocence in their lives, that their ene-
mies, even after the strictest inquiries, could
discover nothing criminal against them.
(To be continued.)
Strait and narrow, the way to the kingdom
hath always been attendod"with difficulties,
and entered into through many tribulations;
yet the commandments of the Lord are not
grievous; in keeping his law there is great
delight; there is a recompense a thousand
fold, even in this life, for all our sufferings, in
the enjoyment of that peace which passeth
the human understanding; as the earnest of
that great and eternal weight of glory, with
which our sufferings iu this world are not to
be compared. — Letter of John Thorp.
[At the request of a Friend in Ohio we
publish the following:]
A paper of John BarnyeaVs, that came to hand
since his works were printed.
The twenty-seventh of the eighth month,
1667. — In the morning, as I was laying upon
my bed, and ray soul greatly afflicted under the
view and consideration of the stale of things,
as it was among Friends in the city of Bristol
and some parts adjacent, because of the great
contention and opposition; and when I was
under the exercise, and my life appeared griev-
ed, even until my soul was brought into sore
anguish, at times, and grief, to see how hard
some were, and unruly and obstinate. In this
travail of spirit my heart being bowed, I said
within myself, and before the Lord, and unto
him ; I matter not, what I be, nor how much I
be abased, for we must pass through good and
bad report, as the faithful in former limes did.
And then when I was thus gone down into the
grave of selfdenial, where I thought I could
lie and bo trodden upon, the Lord God signified
unto mo by his Holy Spirit on this wise: —
Though thou be willing so to be, yet will not
I be trodden under ; and further said, there are
some of them, that are as dead men before me,
because they have lifted up their heel against
me, and have rejected my word, and slighted
or set at naught my reproof.
And further the Lord God signified unto me,
that the spiritofCoreand Balaam had entered,
which would shut truth oiitof doors, and pluck
Christ from his throne, and lead away the
minds of people after their own inventions, to
worship the works of their own hand-i. And
He further signified iJnto me, how that the
plague of leprosy and sore judgment of hard-
ness of heart, was upon them; and they had
lost their beauty, and were not fit to come nigh
the altar of the Lord, nor to be in the Lord's
congregation : and that he would decide the
matter. And further he signified to my com-
fort, there was a Priest to stand between the
living and the dead, with a holy censer and
pure incense, to make an atonement; and the
eyes of all the tender and sensible were to be
towards Him, that they might receive th
law from his mouth, and that his lips might
preserve their knowledge. And further, there
wassomethingalsoof the spirit of Cain, which
did appear had entered, even that which did
envy Abel's acceptance.
When I had seen these things from the
Lord, and it was showed mo I could speak
forth the matter unto the people, my heart
was wonderfully broken within me; and I
cried and said, Woe is me I must I be the mes-
senger to carry this message unto this people ?
And when I was under this exercise the Lord
did signify unto me : If I delivered his word
faithfully, then should I deliver my own soul ;
but if not, I should die for it; my life should
go for theirs. Then did the dread of the Lord's
word, and his majesty strike me down, and
made me willing to be given up, without any
more reasoning: blessed be the Lord for over,
vyho both gives the word, and power to de-
liver it! John I3uttNYEAT.
From Memoir of JVilliatn Crouch.
And because evil speaking is become almost
an epidemical fault, take these rules and direc-
tions which he hatli laid down for the preven-
tion and cure of it.
1. "Never say any evil of man, but what
you certainly know. — He that easily credits
an ill report, is almost as faulty as the lii'
inventor of it: for though you do not ik.hI;
yet you commonly propagate, a lie. Th.r
fore never speak evil of any upon comin.
fame, which for the most part is false ; In
almost always uncertain whether it he in
or not.
2. " Before you speak evil of any man. ( o
sider whether he hath not obliged you i
some real kindness, and then it is a bad retui
to speak ill of him, who hath done us good,
.3. " Let us accustom ourselves to pity tl
faults of men, and to be truly sorry for thei
and then we shall take no pleasure in publis
ing them. This, common humanity requir
of us, considering the great infirmities of fa-
man nature, and that we ourselves also ai
liable to be tempted.
4. " Whenever we hear any man evill
spoken of, if we know any good of him, let
say that. It is always the more humane at
the more honorable part, to stand up in tl
defence and vindication of others, than to a
cuse and bespatter them.
" They that will observe nothing iu
wise man, but his oversights and follies ; notli
ing in a good man, but his failings and infirm
ties ; may make a shift to render a very wii
and good man very despicable. If one shoul
heap together all the passionate speeches, ai
the forward and imprudent actions of the be;
man ; all that he had said or done amiss in h'
whole life, and present it all at one view, coi
cealing his wisdom and virtue; the man i
this disguise would look like a madman or
fury: and j'et if his life were fairly reportei
and just in the same manner as it was led, an
his many and great virtues set over againi n
his failings and infirmities, he would appes
to all the world to be an admirable and e;
cellent person.
5. "That you may not speak ill of any, d
not delight to hoar ill of them. Give no com
tenance to busy bodies, and those that love t
talk of other men's faults.
6. "Let every man mind himself, and h
own duty and concernment. Dobutendeavc
in good earnest to mend thyself, and it wi
be work enough for one man, and leave the
but little time to talk of others.
7. " And lastly, let us set a watch before tb
door of our lips, and not speak but upon cop/f,
sideration : I do not mean to speak finely, be
fitly ; especially when thou speakest of other,
consider of whom, and what thou art going t;
speak: use groat caution and circumspectioi
in this matter; look well about thee ; befor]
thy words slip from thee; which when thej
are once out of thy lips, are for ever out c
thy power."
The reducing of these rule-! to practicjn
would be an especial means to purge out tha
leaven which sours convei'sation ; and render
t so dangerous and unsociable.
I should have bad no occasion to mentio
them here, but because the tongues of som
men run into that unbridled liberty, as fc |
spare neither the living, nor the dead.
Our friend showed us a better example ; h
knew a bridle to his tongue, and set a watcl
before the door of his lips, remembering, tha
if any man offend not in word, the same is p,
perfect man. Jam. iii. 2 ; but if any man seecL
to be religious, and bridleth not his tongue dj
ho deceiveth his own heart, and his religioi w
is vain. Jam. i. 26.
Watch yo, stand fast in the faith.
THE FRIEND.
187
For "The Friend."
riio communication by Thomas Ciurlc,
ich appeared in " The Friend" of 11th mo.
h, 1878, professing to supplement mine of
h mo. 5th, is so misleading in several par-
ilars as to render some further explanation
essary.
?hat which he thinks will be news to
ends in reference to doctrine, Noi-wich
nthly Meeting, in a testimony issued the
tof 11th rao. 1877, gave Friends of Canada
1 elsewhere laithful warning of. The errors
it are pointed out in that " testimony" are
iong the ])rominent features of the doctrine
"The Plymouth Brethren." A further
dence that the naid doctrine is held and
)pagated by members of Canada Yearly
eting, is the fact that the Dublin Dolier
eet Tracts have been largely circulated by
d members. And at the Annual Meeting
the Book and Tract Association of said
arly Meeting, held 6th mo. 1877, those
lets were advocated by some members, and
majority of the visitors then present, as
Dg better than Friends' Tracts,
[n reference to artificial music, he sadly
sconstrues my words. I stated distinctly
it the divergence in paths was general in
iracter. When the issue took place it
ted upon one point, " that of artificial
isic." It would be more proper to say, that
b meeting could not unite upon that point
d consequently the delay of the business of
meeting.
If Thomas Clark had read "or carefully
pestigated the mass of evidence" he
he would not be so much in the dark as he
ofessos to be. He would have no need to
fiTOvv a plea, nor make suppositious for
lieh he can find no data; but would know
at the difference was not so much in refer
ce to members keeping instruments of music
their houses ; but that a person who was a
eacher of artificial music" had applied for
jmbership with Friends. And that a part
the meeting held, that for a Monthly Meet
r to receive such an one on the grounds of
ligious convincement, while still engaged as
ch teacher, would be a compromise of prin
)le, and give official sanction to members to
ep instiuments in their houses. From the
ys of George Fox, the Society of Friends
,ve borne testimony that, "for artificial
asic, either by organs or other instruments
voice, we have neither example nor pre
pt in the New Testament." It is not the
siness of the Monthly Meeting to compro
ise or make changes in either principle oi
^cipline, but to have a care that its mem
rs walk consistently therewith. But if, as
homas Clark says, such things are " tolerated
nearly or quite all the Yearly Meetings of
•lends," it is the legitimate fruit of the new
ctrines which have obtained so large a place
nongst Friends. Levi Varney has truly
d, that "existing difficulties are not con-
tied to Friends of Canada, but are found in
the Yearly Meetings, and the cause is the
ime — a departure from the doctrines and
ractices of our religious Society.
William Valentine has correctly presented
le matter in reference to the action of the
early Meeting in the case. Yet a little
irthcr explanation is necessary in relation to
manner in which the troubles in Pelham
;uarterly Meeting were presented to the
early Meeting. In 1877, the rcjjorts from
'elhara Quarter stated that no official report
had been received from Norwich Monlhlj'
Meeting, and that it was the judgment of the
meeting that Norwich members take no part
n the business of the Quarterly Meeting.
The Eeprcsentatives to the Yearly Meeting
(three in number) were members of Pelham
Monthly Meeting. After reading the min-
utes from the Quarters and calling the names
of the representatives, the Clerk called the
attention of the meeting to the reports from
Pelham, which showed that one Monthly Meet-
ing was not represented in the meeting,.and
proposed that a committee be then appointed
to enquire into the reason of such non-repre-
sentation, and make official reportof the same.
Thomas Clark at once objected to the propo-
sition, and asserted that the Clerk was out of
order in making it ; and the meeting did not
act upon it. I claim that the attention of the
Yearly Meeting was then and there called to
the difficulties in a constitutional way, and
that it was bound by its paternal relationshij)
to, and by the ties of brotherhood amongst its
members, to have exercised religious care in
the matter. Neither was the meeting fully
organized until all its members were known
to be represented, or some official action tak
the matter.
It was at the early part of the second ses-
sion of the meeting, when the newclerktook
his seat, that the subject of the non-represen-
tation of Norwich Meeting was again intro-
duced, when the paper referred to b}' Wm.
Valentine was laid on the table, and the Clerk
presented it to the consideration of the meet-
ing as an unofficial document; but the meet-
ing refused to notice it in any way at that
time. It was at a late subsequent session that
it was disposed of as described by Wm. Valen-
tine.
Is it to be inferred that two sets of minutes
from a Quarter is the constitutional way of
presenting a difficulty to the Yearly Meeting?
The fact is, that such a state of disorder was
presented that the Yearly Meeting could no
longer avoid taking cognizance of it.
Thomas Clark says, '• The committee asked
the two parties to give them all the informa-
tion in their power; and they were certainly
ably represented by Adam Spencer and James
F. Barker, who performed their duties in a
commendable manner — and laid before us a
mass of evidence in the form of printed and
written documents, minutes of meetings," &c.
What evidence James F. Barker laid before
the committee, or what he said to them, I am
ignorant of, for I was not allowed to be present
with the committee at the time that he was
with them. I had been requested by one of
their number to present such evidence as I
was possessed of. Accordingly I met with
the committee at the time appointed ; but I
was soon requested to withdraw. After a
time I was called upon for the minutes of the
meetings, which I presented to the committee
together with copies of a printed statement
that Norwich Monthly Meeting had issued
for the information of Friends. I was not
asked to point out the portion of the records
that treated of the matters at issue, therefore
withdrew. Subsequently James F. Barke
went in with the committee and remained
some time. After he withdrew I was called
in and requested to make any remarks that I
wished. But I was ignorant as to the extent
of the "investigations" that the committ
examined all the minutes of the meeting
touching the questions at issue, and the print-
ed documents, there could not be much left to
do. There was, however, one point to which
I called the attention of the committee. That
was, in reference to the committee that was
appointed by the Quarterl}^ Meeting (as then
constituted) in 2d mo. 1877, who were to re-
port to the next Quarterly Meeting. And
that although said committee was continued
to service in the Sixth month following, Nor-
wich Monthly Meeting was not officially in-
formed of it. And when the said committee,
or a part of their number, attended Norwich
Meeting in Eighth month, they did not pre-
sent a minute showing their continuance to
service. Such attendance was not officially
recognized by the meeting, consequently the
acts upon which they based their final report
in the case were out of order and illegal. It
seems right here to state, that on that occa-
sion, after some time spent in the Monthly
Meeting without coming to any united judg-
ment as to the course to be pursued, the meet-
ing adjourned to the usual lime the next
month, as it had done for some time past. It
was after the adjournment had taken place,
d many Friends, including the Clerk, had
left the house, that the new meeting was set
up, based ujion the advice of said committee.
As two sets of minutes were before tho
committee of the Yearly Meeting, conflicting
statements would naturally accompany them.
And it is certainly a novel way of eliciting
tho truth by hearing one of each part}', and
that separately. As each of those minutes
had the names of their respective representa-
tives, they should have been allowed a hear-
■ before the committee in the presence of
each other. As it was, much remained in the
dark, and the committee were divided in sen-
ment. Thomas Clark says, " The report
hich, as clerk of the committee, 1 drew up
and read, was adopted without any expressed
dissent." When it was read in the Yearly
Meeting, one of the committee protested
against it, and stated that a part of their num-
ber was opposed to it. To which reply was
made by another member of the committee,
that there were only seven opposed to it.
Reply was again made that seven objected,
but some others who had said nothing were
opposed to it.
The difficulties in Canada Yearly Meeting
ot confined to one Monthly or Quarterly
Meetir
practice first appear
Meeting, and it was there those departures
first gained the ascendency. (From which
standpoint may be seen the action of the
" Bisected Quarterly Meeting" in the difficul-
ties at Norwich.)
No pains were spared to make proselytes
in other parts of the Yearly Meeting, to the
new way of thinking and acting; which was
effected chiefly by the instrumentality of per-
sons from abroad. The result is, that tho said
" departures" have obtained the ascendency
in the Yearly Meeting. Hence its action in
the case under review. Neither the com-
mittee nor the Yearly Meeting was united in
the course pursued. The matter was simply
controlled.
The language made use of by the Clerk on
the occasion, as he was about to read the
minute he had prepared, is unexplainable.
ting. The departure from principle and
tice first appeared in Pelham Monthly
had made, and oT" what James F. Barker had | He said, "This is the most solemn hour of my
aid before them. If the committee had fully 'life, for it falls to my lot to take the sword and
1S8
THE FRIEND.
sever the living child." King Solomon would
not do so. Ho had a hotter way of settling
difficulties than by taking life. It is a strange
instance of parental care on the part of a
Yearly Meeting, to require, or admit of, such
a measure. Adam Spencer
Springford, Ontario.
The Changes in the Frog. — Nowhere in the
animal kingdom is there so favorable an op
portunity for peeping into nature's workshop
as in the metamorphoses of the frog. Th'
animal is a worm when it comes from the egg,
and remains such the first four days of its life,
having neither eyes nor ears nor nostrils nor
respiratory organs. It crawls. It breathes
through its skin. After a while a neck is
grooved into the flesh. Its soft lips are har-
dened into a horny beak. The different or-
gans, one after another, bud out; then a pai
of branching gills, and last a long and limber
tail. The worm has become fish. Thiee or
four days more elapse, and the gills sink back
into the body, while in their place others
come, much more complex, arranged in vas-
cular tufts, 112 in each. But they, too, have
their day, and are absorbed, together with
their framework of bone and cartilage, to be
succeeded by an entirely different breathing
apparatus, the initial of a second correlated
group of radical changes. Lungs are do
veloped, the mouth widened, the horny beak
converted into rows of teeth; the stomach,
the abdomen, the intestines, prepared for the
reception of animal food in place of vege-
table; four limbs, fully equipped with hip and
shoulder bones, with nerves and blood vessels,
push out through the skin, while the tail,
being now supplanted by thom as a means of
locomotion, is carried away piecemeal by the
absorbents, and the animal passes the balance
of its days as an air-breathing and flesh-feed-
ing batrachian. — Penn llonthly.
Copy of a Valuable Manuscript. — Tho Pres-
byterian College, Montreal, recently received
from Alexander II., Emperor of Eussia, a fac-
simile copy of the famous Codex Sinaiticus.
The Codex Sinaiticus, of which this is a per-
fect fac-simile, consists of 345 1-2 leaves of
very fine and beautiful vellum, probably fab-
ricated from the skins of antelopes or asses,
each leaf being 13J x 14J inches. In the
poetic books the writing on each page is dis-
tributed in two columns, and in the rest in
four columns containing forty-eight lines of
from twelve to fourteen letters each, the
characters being uncial or capitals without
spaces between tho words, or breathings, or
accents, or the iota ascript or postscript, and
with very few marks of punctuation. Tho
manuscript contains the entire New Testa-
ment, and nearly the whole of the Old Testa-
ment, together with tho Epistle of Barnabas
and ilermas' Shepherd. It was discovered by
the learned and indefatigable Dr. Tischendorf
in the Convent of St. Catherine's on Mount
Sinai in 1844. He was then permitted to copy
only a few pages of it. Having informed the
monks that it belonged to the fourth century,
and was of great value, it was at once with-
drawn from him. In 1853 he visited the con-
vent a second time, but could get no tidings
of the manuscripts. Inl859 he returned tho
third time, under the protection of Alexander
II., the patron of the Greek Church, and now
ho gained access to the coveted treasure, and
had it transferred to Cairo fur transcription.
Ho finally persuaded the monks to present
this ancient monument of piety and learning
to tho Emperor of Kussia. Accordinglj', ho
submitted it early in November at St. Peters-
burg, and the emperor liberally undertook to
defray the cost of a splendid fac simile edition
of 300 copies, which appeared in 1862 as a
memorial of tho thousandth anniversary of
his kingdom. Two hundred copies seem to
have been absorbed immediately as presents
from the Emperor to various public bodies,
chiefly in his own dominions, and to a few
learned men." — Christian Advocate.
Selected.
THE PRAISE MEETING OF THE FLOWEKS.
The flowers of many clhnatcs
That bloom all seasons through,
Met in a stately garden
Bright with the morning dew.
For praise and loving worship
The Lord they came to meet :
Her box of precious ointment
The Kose broke at His feet.
The Passion-Flower His symbols
Wore fondly on her breast ;
She spoke of self-denial
As what might please Him best.
The Morning-Glories fragile
Like infants soon to go,
Had dainty toy-like trumpets
And praised the Master so.
" His word is like to honey,"
The Clover testified,
" And all who trust Thy promise
Shall in Thy love abide."
The Lilies said, " O trust Him,
We neither toil nor spin.
And yet His house of beauty,
See how we enter in !"
The King-cup and her kindred
Said, " Let us all be glad.
Of His redundant sunshine
Behold how we are clad."
" And let us follow Jesus,"
The Star of Bethlehem said,
And all the band of flowers
Bent down with reverent head.
The glad Sun-Flower answered
And little Daisies bright,
And all the cousin Asters,
" We follow toward the light !"
" We praise Him for the mountains,"
The Alpine Koses cried :
" We bless Him for the valleys,"
The Violets replied.
" AVe praise Him," said the Air-plant,
" For breath we never lack ;"
" And for the rocks we praise Him,"
The Lichens answer back.
' We praise God for the waters,"
The gray Sea-mosses sighed ;
And all His baptized Lilies
"Amen ! Amen !" replied.
' And for ths cool green woodlands.
We praise and thanks return,"
Said Kalmias and Azalias,
And graceful Feathery Fern.
'And for the wealth of gardens
And all the gard'ner thinks,"
Said Roses and Camellias,
And all the sweet-breath'd Pinks.
' Hosannah in the highest,"
The Baby-Bluets sang ;
And little trembling Hare-Bells
With softest music rang.
' The winter hath been bitter.
But sunshine follows storm,
Thanks for His loving kindness
The earth's great heart is warm."
So said the pilgrim May-Flower
That coinelh after snow.
The humblest and the sweetest
Of all the flowers that blow.
" Thank God for every weather,
The sunshine and the wet,"
Spake out the cheering Pansies
And darling Mignonette.
And then the sun descended.
The heavens were all aglow ;
The little Morning-Glories
Had faded long ago.
And now the bright Day-Lilies
Their love watch ceased to keep —
" He giveth," said the Poppies —
" To His beloved sleep."
The gray of evening deepened,
The soft wind stirred the coin: j
When sudden in the garden J
Another flower was born. «
It was the Evening Primrose, 1
Her sisters followed fast : :
With perfumed lips they whispered, |'
" Thank God for night at last." f
For "The Friond.'
Edllli Lovfll.
The letters of Richard Shackleton of Ball
tore, Ireland, contain several references i
the religions visit paid to Friends in that Ian
by Edith Lovell. In writing to Elizabet
Pim under date of 18th of Tenth month, 178!
he says :
"Edith Lovell from Bristol, was at onij
Quarterly Meeting at Bdenderry. She is -l
sweet minister, not large in her gift."
On the 18th of Twelfth month, ho addresil
ed a letter to his j'oung friend, and formej
pupil, James Abell, who appears to have bee|
attending Edith in her travels in Ireland. Ij
this ho remarks : 1
"Tho account of j'our progress is ver
agreeable to us ; I doubt not but Edith wii
fare much the better for having none but strif
lings along with her. The supply of lesse
streams being cut off, will be likely to attrae
her with stronger necessity to the Spring, am
to fix her dwelling beside it. There has beet
too much of a crying out, help, help, ainonj
the laborers, one to another, instead of wait!
ing in a sense of their own helplessness for tU
help of tho Lord Almighty ; and He who ^
jealous of his own honor, and sees tho secret
movements of the heart, has not blessed in
so full a manner, nor added so groat a dogren
of his own strength, as would have been thi
case, if tho servant had entirely looked ane
turned to Him alone."
On tho 18th of the following month Eliza!;
both Shackleton wrote to her daughter Mart
garet : !
" This dismal news (the shipwreck of Editj
Lovell and Joseph Sparrow), has affected ma
so that it is seldom out of my thoughts while
awake. Remember we cannot pretend t(
judge for what cause it was permitted. Edit!
was a near and dear friend, in the prime ol
life for public service, a humble, devoted ser-
vant, the mother of a number of small chil-
dren, whom she appeared to be qualified tc
educate in the way they should go. Our deal
Joseph, reared with care, and arrived at man'f
estate, a dutiful and helpful son, an affection-
ate brother, a kind, sincere friend, an example
of sobriety and virtue, and likoly to bo of ex-
tensive service in the Society. How can wa
then but admire why such should come to ad
untimely end ?"
A recent number of "Tho British Friend"
THE FRIEND.
189
ains some interesting particahirs of the
occurrence referred to, written by the late
liam Ball in 1830; from which the follow-
narrative is condensed.
Edith Lovell, a minister in our Society,
ding at Bristol, having paid a religious
t to some parts of Ireland toward the end
year 1781, and being about to return
le, it was arranged that she should be ac-
panied by Joseph Sparrow, a young man
h whom she had become acquainted dur-
her stay in that country, and who, having
ned an attachment for a young person
iry Davis) of Minehead, was preparing to
the Channel on a visit to her. This ar-
raent was altogether voluntary on his
originating in that disinterested con-
jration for the situation of an unattended
ale during a voyage (appearing in those
when steam-packets were unknown,
bor a formidable undertaking), which be
le his amiable nature. Instead of taking
p by the VVhitworth from Waterford near
own home in the ordinary way, he went
Cork, whence Edith Lovell proposed to
bark, with the purpose of giving up his
irate plan, in order to conform his move-
its to that she was intending to pursue,
1 it is not a little remarkable, that in seck-
suitable accommodation for their passage,
went on board a vessel loading for Mine
d to see whether it would do for them
n he observed, it vrould suit himself weU,
thinking it not adapted to receive E. L.
idea of availing themselves of it was
g^uisbcd; which vessel however, as well as
Whitworth, arrived at their respective
Itinations in perfect safety.
It was ultimately decided that they should
3 the Elizabeth Packet, plying between
rk and Bristol, in which they accordingly
barked from Cork, on the 29th of 12th
1781, with every prospect of favorable
issing."
It is known that the afternoon was beauti
on which the Eiiz ibeth passed Minehead
ere Joseph Sparrow would have been put
lOre in due course, but for his kind anxiety
see Ediih Lovell to her journey's end in
ety. And we may well imagine, that, hav
no reason to doubt bis friend was at home
the time, he did not come in view of the
Die hill that rises above the pier of that
?t, without many deep and tender thoughts.
r lose sight of it, as they were borne away
the sweep of the Channel toward the Severn
thout some sense of regret."
The Packet, taking an easterly direction
V sailed smoothly on (though the darken
sky betokened an alarming change of
ither) guided, as was too securely imagined,
the Beacon on the Flat Holms. But h
ngular and touching incident must be
anted, which led to the fatal mistake which
ecipitated the catastrophe. At that period
ly two persons were the inmates of the
eary abode furnished by the solitary dwe"
g of the Holms Lighthouse — a father and
n ; and on that very night the former died
id the son, too anxiously engaged in attend
ice upon the dying bed, omitted to put fire
the beacon ; so that the helmsman of the
lizabith, unhappily taking the Burnham
rht on the coast of Somerset for the one on
Flat Holms, steered the perilous course
the Burnham strand. These sands, which at
low water are discoverable and seem but an
estension of the beach, stretch their shoals,
when the tide is in, among the shallows, iu
the most dangerous and deceitful manner;
for, the waves rolling smoothly over them,
there is no indication of the foe beneath, as on
a rocky shore where the resistance that breaks
the surge proclaims an open enemy. The
Burnham light warns the pilot from this point
of danger ; but in this case the error alluded
to turned the warning into a fallacious and
destructive security. The tide, which, at
, is fearfully impetuous over these shoals,
was just upon the turn of the high flood, and
swelling into a tempestuous gale. The ve-sel
was struck, and it was evident she would soon
be overwhelmed, and that instant ruin awaited
those who should decide to remain in her.
These and the subsequent particulars were
thercd from those of the crew that escaped
bj' the boat or bj" swimming. It is said that
Edith Lovell could not be prevailed upon to
eave the ship, and commit herself to the
boat, which became ever}' moment more and
more clearly the only course that admitted
any hope; while the roaring waves, which
had already filled the cabins and the hold,
drove the ship's company to the deck and
the shrouds. Even then Joseph Sparro
being an excellent swimmer and having pi
pared to make that last exertion in case he
could have persuaded E. L. to take to th
overloaded boat, might no doubt have saved
himself, but his generous heart could not con
sent to quit his helpless friend in this awful
emergency. 'I will not leave thee' was still
the firm resolve of this magnanimous but too
self-sacrificing young man , though threaten
ed with instant destruction as the price of
his decision, by the voice of the devourin
waters, which mustering their accumulated
force against the devoted bark, rode over her
in final triumph. And there is abundant rea
son to believe that, as respects both these
lamented sufferers, the experience so beauti
fully delineated by Bunyan, when his pilgrim^
are made to pass the cold river, was gracious
ly verified, and that a hope full of immortality
lay as a glowing coal at their heart, even '
the hour of this terrible death. It was soon
over — 'Thou didst blow with thy wind, the
sea covered them, they sank as lead in the
mighty waters!'
'•I think the body of Edith Lovell w
never discovered, but that of Joseph Sparrow
was washed on shore about seven weeks after-
wards, at the village of Quantoxhead in Somer
setshire, and was immediately buried on the
spot. It was identified by the singular color
of the stocking, which was drab, according to
a custom then prevalent among Irish Friend
" My father and uncle, on learning the sad
news, went over to Burnham, and saw tl:
wreck at no great distance from the beach.
Theyperceived two dead bodiesin theshrouds,
the last desperate resort of those wretched
victims amongst the crew who had resolvec
to keep to the ship ; and were about to pro
ceed to the spot, which at low- water connects
with the coast, but the strand there being
very perilous, abounding with mud and sand
they gave up the attempt. It was well that
they desisted, for it proved that the hull was
full of wrecA-ers, whose heartless and nefarious
hich, aided by the storm of that awful I cupidity had braved the dangerous approach
ght, wrecked her on the Culver Sands, to- and from whom any respectable witness of
ards the mouth of the Bridgwater river off' their further operations would have probably
received injury, if not been effectually silenced
n a scene so favorable to summary vengeance.
This infamous class of thieves was at that
period, when the trade to the declined ports
of the Bristol Channel was extensive and
-■^hing, almost as numerous or at least as
abandoned on that now deserted coast, as it
still is on the shores of Cornwall.
A few words should be added respecting
the manner in which Mary Davis's religion
enabled her to bear this piercing affliction.
She was, as has been observed, paying a visit
at my grandfather's, (whence she was about
to return home to await her friend, who, she
was well apprised, was on his way in the
Elizabeth,) at the time when the fearful tidings
arrived: they were not long in reaching Bridg-
water, which is only ten miles from Burnham.
One of the family, then but a lad, ran into
the room, where she sat enjoying the society
of her valued friends, little aware of what be-
tided her, and which came with all the aggra-
vation of the shock, when he suddenly ex-
laimed, ' The Elizabeth Packet is wrecked
on the strand of Burnham, and all the pas-
sengers lost.' He was immediately called out
of the room by his fixther for the communi-
cation of the particulars, and was of course
much distressed on finding how the case
stood ; but it was afterwards considered thai;
the matter was as well broken in that, as ia
any other manner that could have been con-
trived by deliberation, since in its very nature
it admitted so little alleviation. And it reach-
ed her in a frame of spirit well fitted to sustain
the stroke, being remarkably prepared to
meet such an almost overwhelming visitation,
by much recent converse, in the fellowship of
His saints, with that God who had declared
that they who trust in Him shall not be
greatly moved. She felt as one, having not
only human, but peculiarly feminine feelings,
must have felt, ' but as a Christian bore.' She
' mourned, but not murmured, and sighed, but
not despaired;' exemplifying in unrepining
and filial submission to the blow, the sacred
language, 'I was dumb with silence, I opened
not my mouth, because Thou didst it !' "
To the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United Slates, in Congress assembled.
The Memorial of the Representatives of the re-
liqious Society of Friends, in Pennsylvania,
New Jersey and Delaware, respectfully repre-
sents :
That, your memorialists have regarded wi th
deep interest and anxiety the proposition now
pending before your body, to transfer the
management of the Indians within the United
States, from the Interior Department to the
War Department, and they would respect-
fully, but earnestly remonstrate against such
transfer for the following reasons: —
The past history of the Indian Nations of
this Continent, proves that they are suscepti-
ble to the softening influences of kindly chris-
tian treatment, and the European discoverers
found that as they were thus approached,
they almost invariably responded in a friend-
ly and even generous spirit. The pe.aceable
policy pursued by William Penn and the early
settlers of Penn.sylvania and New Jersey,
avoided all Indian wars in those colonies so
long as it was adhered to — a period of 70
years ; whilst the settlers of New England
who depended on military defence during the
same period, were almost constantly embroil-
ed in desolating contests with the aborigines.
190
THE FRIEND.
Wo believe it is essential for the ultimate
paCety and the best interests of the Indians,
that they should bo trained in the habits and
arts of civilization, and should be induced to
exchange the unsettled life of the chase for
the practice of agriculture. It is evident that
the necessary instruction to promote these
ends, cannot be looked for from men whose
own training and habits have been of an al-
together difterent character. It is a fact ad-
mitted by most military officers familiar with
the subject, and proved by experience, that
the presence of soldiers among the Indians is
a fruitful source of demoralization and disease.
In a Memorial to Congress by the "United
States Indian Commission," dated "July 14,
of and superior to the civil power. Among
the self-evident truths asserted in that decla-
ration were these — " That all men are created
equal, and that governments derive their just
powers from the consent of the governed."
We are credibly informed that all the Indian
tribes who have been granted an opportunity
to express their sentiments on the proposed
change, have signified their decided objection
to it, and have predicted that, if tried, it will
operate to their serious disadvantage. To
insist upon it under these circumstances would
be a clear violation of the principles on which
our government is founded.
We believe the United States are bound by
every consideration of religion, honor and
1868," the view is expressed, that "One oflself interest, to regard the welfare of the fee
the finest physical types of man has already
become seriously enfeebled, and that tribes
originally comparatively pure, are fast sink-
ing into a grossness of vice, which threatens
their utter extinction. This latter evil in all
its destructive extent, seems to be an inevita-
ble attendant of the presence of our troops in
the Indian country. All these and many
other disgraceful facts are attested by re-
spectable officers of the government, by a
large number of Indian chiefs, and by many
trustworthy private citizens." It must bo
further borne in mind that the misery thus
produced is not confined to the immediate
victims, but reaches in its consequences to
generations yet unborn. It is clear therefore
to us that the proposed transfer would greatly
interfere with the educational agencies now
in operation, would retard the progress of the
Indians, and, we do not doubt, would cause a
retrograde movement.
The S3'stem of treatment inaugurated of
late years, whereby men and women of phil-
anthropic view.s, were engagod to co-operate
with the government in instructing and en-
couraging the Indian tribes in literary knowl-
edge, christian morality, the arts of agricul-
ture and of civilized life, we consider a truly
wise and just one, and wo trust ut may bo
continued. Its practical value has been al-
ready proved by the result among many of
the tribes, where it has been in operation for
several years. Some of these, who were as
intractable and as warlike as any Indians on
the Continent, have yielded to the patient
efforts of their agents and teachers, until now
they remain on and cultivate portions of their
Eeservations; many of them send their chil-
dren to the schools, and have begun to build
houses and raise stock. Should a similar line
of action continue to be steadily pursued by
the government, there is abundant reason for
believing that a few years would suffice to
render the wildest tribes of the West peace-
ful, law-abiding, and settled in their mode of
life, and eventually, self-supporting and even
useful citizens. Shall wo now arrest the pro
gross of the good work by a change of policy,
and the return to a sj'stem which has hither-
to proved defective and injurious?
Moreover, your memoralists would call at-
tention to the manifest inconsistency of mili-
tary rule with a system of republican govern-
ment like ours, and to the determined oppo-
sition which our ancestors manifested to its
exercise over them by the king of Great
Britain. It was made a special subject of
complaint in the preamble to the Declaration
of Independence, that large bodies of armed
troops were quartered among the colonists,
and that the military was made indopeudent
ble remnants of the tribes who formerly oc-
cupied the whole breadth of our country from
the Atlantic to the Pacific, and who still re-
tain a paramount right to a fair share of its
territory. Regarding civil government as
existing by Divine appointment, we believe
"t can only be rightly administered so long as
ts accountability to the Most High is recog-
nized, and the important fact remembered
that it is "righteousness" alone that truly
" exalteth a nation," while on the other hand,
national sins, like those of individuals, are
visited by just retribution. Representing, as
the government of the United States does, a
people professing Christianity, we feel that
its position as such can only be consistently
maintained, as its general policj' is in accord-
ance with the benign precepts of the Gospel.
It is true the Indian may be regarded as a
somewhat Incongruous element in our popu-
lation, but while a knowledge of the arts of
civilized life renders us his superior in many
respects, that fact affords no warrant for our
disregard of rights which are inherent in him.
Still further should the injunctions of that
holy religion we profess, forbid us to follow
him with those deeds of violence and revenge
which, in his savage ignorance, ho has been
taught to regard as virtues.
Our true policy, as a people enlightened by
the teachings of the Gospel, should therefore
manifestly be, to extend to the Indian the
same blessed influences which have thereby
come to us — to gain his confidence by the
strict performance of every promise — to se-
cure to him and his children a suitable and
permanent home — to instruct him, as rapidly
as his condition will permit, in useful arts and
modes of life — to surround him by wholesome
moral influences — to shield him from the con-
taminating contact with unprincipled men
of our own race — in short both by example
and precept to impress upon him the fact,
that the habits of civilized lifo, and the re-
ligion which wo profess, are belter than his
own.
We look with feelings of sorrow and ab-
horrence on the great injustice and suft'ering
that have repeatedly been inflicted upon the
aborigines of this land, and we may rest as-
sured that those who violate the rights of
others and oppress those who are unable to
protect themselves, will sooner or later e.K-
perience the truth of the Scripture declara-
tion,— "Vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith
the Lord." It was the belief in this truth
that led Thomas Jefferson to exclaim, "1
tremble for my country, when 1 remember
that God is just and that His justice will not
sleep forever."
Let us then endeavor to atone, so for as wo
can, for past injustice towards the Indi;ri i
for our breach of solemn treaties nnl
laughter of their helpless women ami
dren, by recognizing the obligations rosl
on a powerful people to protect and fc
these weak and defenceless wards of the
tion ; and so fulfil the law of Christ, " Wi
soever ye would that men should do to I
do ye even so to them."
Taken from the Minutes of a Meeting of sniil R
sentatives held in Philadelphia, 1st mo. 6th, 1>7'.I
Joseph Walton, Cln
For "Tlie Frit ."
Tiiouiiits aatl Fecliiig.s.
OBEDIENCE IN LITTLE TBINGS. j
It was a solemn interrogation of the lii
High, through his prophet, to Israel of |(
"Will a man rob God? Yet ye have rolje
mo." And to the query, "Wherein havcfc
robbed thee?" the answer was forthconij
"In tithes and offerings." After d\vel|i
with stirring words upon such sacrilege,,!
record continues : " Bring ye allthe tithes \l
the storehouse * * and prove me ki
herewith, saith the Lord of hosts, if I w
open j'ou the windows of heaven, and ]([
you out a blessing, that there shall no I
room enough to receive it." We may nii i
ber that under the law these tithes ami f ?
ings were as small and as insignificant toil
outward eye, as two turtle doves or two yc c
pigeons, or even the tenth part of an ej^
of fine flour without oil or frankinccf
Under the more perfect dispensation, I
Saviour alludes to these offerings by wa i
censure of the Scribes and Pharisees for .;
ing over-regard to them to the neglect otll
more important duties ; saying, "Ye pay tl
of mint, and anise, and cummin, and li\
omitted the weightier matters of the .!f
judgment, mercy, and faith : these," ile \\
tinues, "ought ye to have done, and no ;
leave the other undone."
We are assured that there is no rci|iii^i':
of the Divine will, being clearly impres i
whether it be conveyed through Holy S( ]
ture or by the immediate enlightening ii;
cnco of the Day-spring from on high u)ionl
mind and heart, that can, without immiiii
danger to our souls, be put awaj' from^
Large things arc made up of small. Am
it not the first little steps either in obedic
or disobedience to the manifestations of
Saviour's all-sufficient grace, that gener
leads, on the one hand, to the greater sf
ficos of love and allegiance, or, on the oti
to the downward course, so greatly to be
plored, of blindness and insensibility of he;
It is tho testimony of our Holy Redeei
"He that is faithful in that which is ten i
faithful also in much : and he that is un
in the least, is unjust also in much." It
also aforetime written, "He that contemr
small things shall fall by little and little."
is well to be oft reminded that we are p
frail, insignificant creatures ourselves, cal
forth, bj' the Psalmist, the inspired langua
" What is man that Thou art mindful of hi
&c. Which of itself should induce careful
to let obedience in little things keep pace \
the dear Saviour's revealed will, and our kn
ledge in relation to them : being at the s:
time watchful that we neglect not "
weightier matters" of baptism into d(
with Christ, that so wc may experience 1
to be tho resurrection and the lifo, with
THE FRIEND.
191
hin;; of regeneration and renewing of the
y Ghost, whieh are indispensable to a Hfe
faith and a death unto sin, through the
ward atoning blood, and the inward saving
36 of Hioi who is the Life and the Light
aen.
•bedieuce to what is made known in the
rt of each one of us, is what is wanting,
idience in the lesser as well as the greater
es, without consulting with flesh and blood,
querying whether the same is called for
n others around us. The question put to
Saviour by Peter, "And what shall this
a do?" with His answer, " What is that to
e? Follow thou me," surely brings into
ch significance the fact, that the obedience
ach of us — the following each for ourselves
Captain of salvation — without unduly
ing into things that belong not to us, was
close home-work, the especial duty of
ry follower of Christ, from Peter to this
'. The submission, the obedience, the
chableness of little children, even babes in
rist, is what opens the way for the great
ths of the kingdom, through the power of
Holy Ghost, to be revealed in and unto
according to the thanksgiving prayer of
dear Redeemer, viz: "I thank thee, O
ther, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou
\i hid these things from the wise and pru
It, and hast revealed them to babes: even
Father; for so it seemed good in thy sight.'
'f the Scriptures, in representing what are
med the smaller requisitions of the Divine
A recorded in ihem, had expressly and defi-
ely conveyed to us in minulia) what these
re, where would have been the need of
5 instructions of the Spirit of truth which
icheth all things — even opening and apply-
' the Scriptures ? Where would have been
3 exercise of living, practical faith, through
lich they (the scriptures) are able to make
ge unto salvation ? Where the need of the
mediate revelation promised us throughout
J New Testament? See especially 1 Cor. xi.
' 11. We are instructed by holy men of
1, that the Word made flesh " was the true
ht which lighteth every man that coraeth
^,0 the world." That "All things that are
iroved are made manifest by the light," &c.
'at "A manifestation of the Spirit is given
every man to profit withal." That '-The
ice of God bringeth salvation," &c. That
rhe anointing," received of Christ, abideth
us, &c. That " That which is to be knovvn
'God is manifest in them (men); for God
th shown it unto them." Well, how are
386 unspeakable blessings to be realized in
'r experience, but through faithful obodi-
be to iheir Author in them ?
It is obedience, then, in little things, in
sat things, in all the tithes called for, that
1st constitute our acceptance with a com-
ssionate Shepherd, and tender and loving
gh Priest; but who, nevertheless, hateth
obery for burnt offering. May we with
16 purpose of heart, and in a lively con-
leration of the great things He hath done
• us, cleave unto the-Lord in the obedience
lich is of faith : when He will be a God and
ither to us ; and will make us His sons and
ughters, after the new generation, unto an
beritance incorruptible and undefiled, that
leth not away.
There is nothing in the universe that I fear
t that I shall not know my duty, or shall
1 to do it. — Mary Lyon.
It is a precious thing to know what the
cross of Christ is, and how to take it up, and
ake use of it; for indeed it is no less than
the power that crucifies for sin, and saves
from it : which Christendom, too generally
being ignorant of, sets up something else in-
stead thereof, and so sin remains alive, un-
crucified, and salvation is wanted.
The cross of Christ is the wisdom and
power of God, reproving and crossing the
wills and lusts of mankind in their own hearts;
and the way to take it up is, to believe in it
and follow it in its manifestations. — William
Shewen.
Plans have been perfected and prospectives
issued for a scientific and educational tour
around the world, to be known as the " Wood-
ruff Scientific Expedition." A first-class iron
steamer has been purchased, and is now re-
fitting for this expedition. The maximum
number of students that can be received is
250, and the minimum number, without which
the expedition will not start, is 200. The
voyage is expected to last 16 months, and the
expenses of each student, including state-
rooms, meals, and tuition, will be 82,500. The
faculty will consist of 10 professors, all rank-
ing high in their respective departments. W.
S. Clark, LL.D., now President of Amherst
Agricultural College, will bo president of the
faculty. The expedition is expected to start
from New York on 5th mo. 8th, 1879.
Be Short. — When you call on a business-man
business-hours, do your errand at once;
come right to the point. The Duke of Wei
"ngton, as is well knovvn, was not given tc
use too many words. One example of hi;
economy this way will sufiice. The Duk(
wrote to Dr. Hutton for information as to the
scientific acquirements of a young officer who
had been under his instruction. The doctor
thought ho could not do less than answer the
question verbally, and made an a]ipointment
accordingly. As soon as Wellington saw him
he said, " 1 am obliged to you, doctor, for the
trouble you have taken. Is fit for the
post ?"
Clearing histhroat, Dr. Hutton bega
man more so, my lord. I can — "
"That's quite sufficient," said Well
"I know how valuable your time is
just now, is equally so. I will not deti
any longer. Good-morning I"
"No
igton.
mine,
nyou
"When Geraldine Hooper was about to ad-
dress a public audience at Plymouth, a man
presenfrudely exclaimed, "You're cracked to
go on like this." She turned quickly, and,
looking at him kindly and brightly, said,
" Well, every nut must be cracked before you
can get at the kernel, must it not?"
THE FRIEND.
FIRST MONTH
and professing to uphold the doctrines which
our Society in its early days proclaimed to
the world as "Primitive Christianity revived."
The tract alluded to is No. 80 of the series,
and gives the experience of a man named
Archibald Boyle, who lived in the vicinity of
Glasgow many years ago, and was noted both
for talent and profligacy. The account states
that about a year before his death, he had a
ful dream, in which he thought himself
introduced into the state of torment which
awaits those who die in their sins. This
awakening visitation had a groat effect upon
him for a time, and he made some attempts
at reformation, and resolved to lead a better
fe ; but through the persuasions and influence
of his former evil associates, he was induced
again to frequent their company, returned to
former wicked habits, and finally was found
dead by the road-side after an evening spent
in blasphemous revelry.
The narrative is a very striking one, and
though the style in which it is written con-
veys the impression that some of the details
and coloring are due to the vivid imagination
of the writer, yet we have no reason to sup-
pose that it is not correct in its main features.
It is in the concluding remarks, in which the
lessons of instruction it conveys are attempted
to be enforced on the reader, that the objec-
tionable sentiments are expressed to which
we have alluded.
These remarks are permeated with the senti-
ment, that all that is necessary for salvation
is to " believe" in Christ. This is evinced by
the following extracts from them:
"God now proclaims the fact. He freely
publishes it, that all who belicve^who take
to themselves the benefit of that stupendous
fact which was consummated upon Calvary for
the salvation of the lost — are free ! How won-
derful I How blessed ! Would that mea did
but know and believe it !"
"Eeader, are you saved! In other words,
have you believed the good news which this
little book brings to you from the God of
grace? Have you believed how God, in grace
toward us, gave his Son to die, and how that
death, while it showed his love to the Saviour,
was also the judgment borne for his sins.
Have you thus seen Him, ' a just God and a
Saviour f ' It is 07ily to see it, to believe it, and
to find rest for your soul. 'We who have
believed do enter into rest.' — Hob. iv. 3."
" What saves, and what fortifies us when
saved, is believing on the Lord Jesus Christ as
our Saviour."
" As soon as we believe in Christ the bene-
fit of his death is reckoned unto us. We be-
come thus associated with Him, and are said
to have ' died with Him,' to have received our
condemnation and judgment in Him, so that
now ' we are as He is' — justified, free."
We have no desire to under-estimate the
importance of a correct belief in the great
truths of religion, as set forth in the sacred
scriptures, and as manifested in the Hying
experience of the children of God. But the
teaching of our Saviour and his apostles is
directly opposed to the dogma, that such a
belief is the only essential to salvation ; or
that "as soon as we believe in Christ, the
benefit of his death is reckoned unto us," and
we "are said to have died with Him." The
scriptures declare to be indispensable, repen
In recently reading a tract issued by the
" Central Book and Tract Committee," at
Richmond, Indiana; and which was obtained
from the book room of another Yearly Meet-
ing of Friends; we were impressed with the
evidence it furnishes of the spread of errone- i ,, p • ^ *■„..„„ i,
ous and defective views of religion,-and that't^nce, a godly sorow for sin and forsak
too among thoseclaimingthe.rameof Friends, it; conversion, or turning from evil to good
of
192
THE FRIEND.
and vegeucration, which implies that thorough
change of heart and character which makes
the ditl'erence between the sinner and the
saint. These wondrous effects are wrought
in us by the powerful operations of the Spirit
of Christ himself; and unless they are exper-
ienced, salvation is not obtained. True faith,
— that living faith which is manifested by its
fruits, — is the gift of God, and grows up in the
heart through submission to the work of his
Spirit.
It was their conviction of the reality and
importance of these views that led our early
Friends so earnestly to call the attention of
the people to the Light of Christ in their
hearts individually, as that which showed
them their sins; and which, if heeded, would
give them power to forsake them and obtain
the forgiveness which the blessed Saviour had
purchased for all those who believe in and
I'ollow Him. This was indeed a message of
glad tidings to many weary souls who had
long been oppressed with the weight of their
sins, and though they believed in Christ, yet
knew not how to come unto Him for i-elief.
They found as they turned to His Spirit
within them, took up His cross daily, and
walked in His Light, that rest, peace and
settlement were graciously dispensed to them,
which they had before sought in vain. Many
have left behind them grateful and living
testimonies to the blessed result of this hum-
ble walking with Christ. They experienced,
as Isaac Penington expresses, that "it is not
bj' an outward knowledge, but by an inward
virtue and spiritual life, received from Christ,
and held in Christ, that those who are saved
are saved." And in another passage, thesarae
writer says: " He that knows the grace and
Truth which comes by Jesus Christ, receives
it, learns of it, is subject to it, and partakes of
its virtue and power, — he knows Christ unto
salvation ; but, he that knows not, receives not,
is not subject to the grace, doth not experience
the sufficiency of the grace, nor witness ability
and power through it to become a Son to
God, and to do the will of God, — he doth not
yet at all know the Lord Jesus Christ unto
the salvation of his soul, notwithstanding
whatsoever he may profess or believe concern-
imr Him."
In the number of oar Journal, dated 11th
mo. 30th, 1878, we printed a communication
from Thomas Clark, of Canada, reviewing a
previous article in reference to the action of
Canada Yearly Meeting, which cut off from
membership with it a large part of those who
had been membc-rs of Norwich Monthly Meet-
ing. Some comments on the statements of
T. Clark by William Valentine and Levi Var-
ney have since appeared in our columns.
Adam Spencer, whose article was criticised
by T. Clark, has sent us some further informa-
tion on the subject. His remarks are written
in a temperate spirit. The whole subject is
one of much importance, affecting, as it does,
the rights of a considerable number of Friends;
who, so far as wo can see from anything
which has yet reached us, appear to have
been influenced by a concern to maintain the
original principles of our Society ; and to have
acted in accordance with its discipline. The
article referred to will be Ibund in another
part of our culiimnB.
morial to the Senate and House of Represen
tatives, lately prepared by the Meeting foi
Siilfering-i of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting,
remonstrating against the proposed transfer
of the care of the Indians to the War Depart-
ment, and expressing the views which Friends
have ever held, upon the justice and wisdo
of honest and pacific measures in the treat-
ment of the aborigines of this country.
The Memorial was presented to Congress by
a committee appointed for the purpose, who,
we understand, had interviews with several
of the members particularly' charged with the
consideration of the subject; and also with
the President and the Secretary of the In
terior. It is understood that no action wil
be taken by Congress on the subject, until a
report is received from a Commission ap-
pointed at the last session to examine it,
which is expected about the 1st proximo.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — During the year 1878, iron and
metal products, amounting in value to nearly $3,000,-
000, were exported from Philadelphia and neighboring
workshops, to foreign countries, mainly in vessels from
our wharves. Locomotives represent the largest total
value, 79 of which were exported — 40 to Russia, 21 to
Australia and Peru, 14 lo Brazil, 3 to Cuba, and
France. Steam vessels were next in value. Russia
taking 2, Brazil 8, and Cuba 1. Three thousand eight
hundred and sixteen tons of wrought iron bridges were
shipped to Can.ada. Of iron and other railway cars,
to Brazil 193, to Cuba 239, South America and West
Indies 50. Nearly 6,000 tons of iron and steel rails
were sent to Brazil and Cuba. Dental instruments,
valued at $72,155, were shipped to Liverpool; 915
packages ofsewing machines were shipped to Genoa,
Antwerp, Liverpool, West Indies, South A merica and
Lisbon.
At a recent sale in this city of imported .Jersey and
Guernsey cattle, the average price per head, realized,
was $241.61.
The annual statement of the City Controller shows
the funded debt of the City of Philadelphia, on the 1st
inst., was $61,092,041; and the outstanding warrants
were $10,742,150— a decrease of $1,151,3.59 during the
year. The assets of the sinking fund were valued at
$17,259,089— making the net debt $53,831,093.
A fire in New York city on the night of the 17th,
de.stroyed several buildings on Worth street ; the esti-
mated losses aggregate $2,400,000.
The Cheyenne prisoners, recently escaped from Fort
Robinson, are reported to have assumed the most inac-
cessible position of any of the many from which they
lately held the troops at bay. Captain Wessells believes
they cannot be dislodged without a greater sacrifice of
life than he deems advisable.
In New York, during the past week, there were 193
deaths by scarlet fever. In this city the mortality for
week was 301 — an increase of 49 over the same
period last year.
Markets, &e.—U. S. sixes, 1881, 107 ; 5's, registered,
6J ; do. coupon, 107,1-; 4.V per cents, 106} ; 4 per cents,
100 ; 5-20's, 1867, 102J ; do. 1808, 103.
Cotton was firmly held. Sales of middlings were re-
ported at 9J- a 9| els. per pound for uplands and New
Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 8 cts. in barrels, and standard
lite at 9 cts. for export, and Hi a 121 cts. per gallon
r home use.
Flour. — Pennsylvania and Minnesota extra, $4.25 for
medium, and $4.75 for fancy ; we.stern, do. do. at -f 5.25
a $5.50 for fancv ; patent and other high gr.ades, $5.50
$7.50. Rye flour, $2.75 a $2.87J per barrel.
Grain.— Wheat, red $1.05 a $1.05.V ; amber, SV.OO a
$1.00.]. Corn, 41 a 44 cts. per bushel. Oats, 30 a 32i
cts. for fair to fancy.
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 65 a 75 cts. per 100
pounds ; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. Straw, 65 a 75 cts. per
100 pounds.
Beef cattle were in good demand, and prices were a
fraction liif,dier; 1700 liead arrived and sold at 5,', a .-.!
Foreign. — Since its foundation the British Ne
Lifeboat Institution has contributed to the i
26,051 shipwrecked persons. Last year its life
saved 471 lives, and helped seventeen vessel:
danger, and rewards were paid for the saving
persons by fishers and watermen. Though 12,001
were engaged in the society's 209 life-boats last
not a life was lost.
The sheep farmers in Scotland estimate thei
by recent storms at over 100,000 head of sheep.
The North Wales Miner's Association has res
to vote £7 to every member of the Union who d
to emigrate to America, and £14 to emigrants to
tralia.
Notices were ported on the 18th, by the iron
building yards and foundries in Liverpool and t\h
trict around, of a reduction in wages of 7.V per
after the 31st of present month. It is thought the
will strike.
The United States frigate Constitution, on her
from Havre to New York, with goods from the
E.xposition, went ashore on the co.ast of England, o
17th inst. She was taken ofl' during the day, and t
into Portsmouth for examination, when it was f
her false keel only was damaged. Her cargo
be in good condition.
The political situation of France is just now a su
of much interest. It is reported that the Republ
are desirous to support the ministry, if .some ch;
and conces.sions can be made.
During the two month.s, from the 21st of 10th
to the 21st of 12th mo., 144 societies, 44 newspa
and 157 other publications in France, were prosci
by virtue of the Socialist law.
The last report of the French Minister of Instrui
on the state of elementary education, shows that
total number of children between the years of six
thirteen, were 4,502,000. Of this number 3,87J
were attending public and private schools— lea
624,000 not in receipt of school education.
The Times Berlin despatch says : " Up to the er
last year, the total number of injunctions issued ii
cordance with the anti-socialist law, was 457, w
were applied to 189 clubs and societies, and 58 per
cals, and 210 non-periodical publications. The r
ber of persons expelled from the empire under the s
law amounts to 62."
Prince Bismarck has a bill prepared, to be submii
to the Reichstag, providing for the punishment of n:
hers who indulge in speeches in opposition to the v;]
of the Government. There is great opposition b\\
manifested to the bill, but it is expected to pa.ss. I
Privy Councellor' Finkelnburg has been sen
Vienna to arrange with the Austrian sanitary autii
ties common measures against the spread of the pbj
westward. Official intelligence from Astrachan, assi
that the epidemic is diminishing, while private in;
ation is to the effect that it is on the increa.se.
Owing to the severity of the weather in SwitzerLI
the farms are frequently visited by wolves, and I
dreds of chamois have descended, into the valley]
search of food.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,:
Near Frankford, (Twenty -third Ward,) Phihidelph
Physician and Superintendent— John C. Hall, M
Applications for the Admission of Patients raaj
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boari
Managers.
Married, at Friends' Meeting-hou.se, at Sum
Grove, in Guthrie county, Iowa, on the r2th of 1
mo. 1878, Benjamin Smith, of Bear creek, and Sira
Pearson, of the former place.
In the present number we reprint
Mc
Died, at her residence at Ercildoun, on the 22(
2th mo. 1878, Sarah North, widow of the late Ji
North, a beloved member and elder of London Gr-
Monthly and Fallowfield Particular Meeting, in
S8th year of her age. She was firmly attached to
principles and testimonies of our Society as profes
by early Frii-n.l-, ;in.l livc-d a consistent example th(
of. Sherelaiin-^l |i.i--i---i<,ii of all her faculties dur
her last illiii'^^, ,-iii,l !< Ii li,-r end drawing near. Hav
given siiit,-il)lr ilir.-.-iioMs for lier funeral, she was
H (.r lic-iii^ i-rl,-:iM-.l, \v\ |i-iiiriit, having no feai
1. N" .Imil.t- 11,11- iiii.-i\-iii,^^ were permitted
I li'M', linl lik,- :, .] k ol.-nni fully ripe, she ^
i;:illuTcil, we rcvcrL-nily believe, into the heavei
WILLIAM II. PILE.'pRINTER',
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
roL. LII.
SEVEXTH-DAY, SECOND MONTH 1, 1879.
NO. 25,
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
;e, if paid in advance, §2.00 per annum ; if not pai
a advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
SibscriptioQS and Paymeatsr«oeived by - - -- - ■■
JOHN S. STOKES,
NO. 116 N'ORTH FOTJBTH STREET, UP STAIKS.
PHILADELPHIA.
Fjr " The Friend "
Early Stcain Xavigatioii on the Atlantic,
n a recent number of tbe London Raihvay
OS, an interesting account has been pub-
ed of the beginning of ocean steam tran-
, which has now become so important a
lire of the commerce of the world. From
1 account the following has been con-
sed :
There exists a general impression that
im navigation across the Atlantic is of
;e modern date, and that the enterprise
I not dreamt of by the first builders of
imships. It is a belief which arose, no
bt, from the fact that the establishment
egular steam routes between this country
America, with hours of departure and
val as punctual, or nearly so, as railway
ns, is within the memoiy of middle aged
), and all the more strongly impressed on
3unt of the opposition it encountered, and
ridicule its pre4icted success met with on
part of many persons, even scientific au-
rilies. However, the belief is altogether
)neous. The idea of crossing the broad
antic in steam-propelled vessels is as old
the steamers themselves, and the first in-
ter entertained it most distinctly. Poor
n Fitch, of Philadelphia, already referred
8 ' the inventor of what reallj' was the first
ctical steamer,' expressed, in the clearest
3ible manner, his belief that mercantile
)S, as well as men-of-war, propelled by
im power, could run between Europe and
erica, and, in fact, over all the seas of the
be. In a remarkable letter addressed to a
nd, one David Eitten house, of whom he
1 to beg now and then the loan of a five
nd note to carry on his steamboat experi-
its, he said, on one occasion, 'This sir,
ether I bring it to perfection or not, will
the mode of crossing the Atlantic, in time,
packets and armed vessels.' It is lament-
B to think of the fate of this true raechani-
genius, falling in the end into despair
ough the most abject poverty. ' Often
'e I seen him,' relates a Philadelphia ac-
lintance, Thomas P. Cope, ' stalking about
i a troubled spectre, with downcast eyes
1 lowered countenance, his coarse soiled
jn peeping through the elbows of a tat-
ed garment.' The way in which his friends
i contemporaries looked upon the dreamer
universal steam communication is graphi-
ly told by the same writer. Speaking of
isit he once paid to John Wilson, his boat
builder, and Peter Brown, a blacksmith, who
forged the rough engines of the little steamer
which actually ran on the Delaware for eigh-
teen months, at the rate of eighty miles a day,
without being appreciated, T. P. Cope tells
thi«.*U>ry of his friend John Fitch : ' After in-
dulging himself for some time in his never-
failing topic of deep excitement, he concluded
with the memorable words, "Well, gentlemen,
although I shall not live to see it, you will see
the time when steamboats will bo preferred
to all other means of conveyance, especially
for passengers." He then retired, on which
Brown, turning to Wilson, exclaimed, in a
tone of deep sympathy, "Poor fellew! what
a pit3^ ho is crazy." '
"The prediction of John Fitch that steam-
ers would one day cross the Atlantic, received
ts first fulfilment in 1819. It was in the
lummer of this year that an American vessel,
the Savannah, arrived at Liverpool from Sa-
vannah, Georgia, having traversed the Atlan-
tic Ocean in thirty days, partly sailing and
partly steaming. The event created very
ttle attention at that time, the Savannah
being a small boat of but 300 tons, and rigged
as a sailing vessel, while her steam power was
regarded as purely auxiliary ; so much so, that
the engines, and even the paddles, were re-
movable. Her passage being of the same
duration as that of the fine ' liners' which had
been built to carry on intercourse between
Great B-itain and the growing population of
the United States, it was but natural that
light interest should have been taken in the
first voyage of the first Atlantic steamer, and,
having repeated it once or tvvice withoutprov-
ing commercially successful, the Savannah
was withdrawn from the route to seek better
fortune on the Mississippi. No less than nine
years elapsed before another ship furnished
with steam power followed the example of the
Savannah in attempting an Atlantic voyage.
This time the venture came from the Nether-
lands. It seems highly probable that the
sight of the Caledonia, which James Watt,
junior, brought in the spring of 1817 from the
Clyde, to take up the Rhine, staying for a
ttle vvhile at Rotterdam, had a considerable
effect in stimulating the interest of the Dutch
in steam navigation ; at any rate they ordered
several small steamers soon after from Scot-
land, and in 1827 a number of merchants in
Amsterdam and Rotterdam united together
for the hazardous experiment of running
steamships between the Netherlands and the
West Indies. Accordingly, they had a steamer
built on the Clyde, named the Curacoa, of 350
tons and 100 horse power, and despatched
her, in the summer of 1829, for a first trip
from Amsterdam to the Dutch West Indies.
The voyage to and from was repeated several
times, with great comntercial success; but,
nevertheless, the enterprise soon came to an
end. It did so chiefly on account of the sound-
ings of alarm that arose on all sides against
steam navigation. It was decried by almost
all persons deemed to be competent to have a
judgment in the matter, as an undertaking
utterly foolish in itself, and beyond hope of
practical attainment. The majority of so-
called men of science were foremost in de-
nouncing Atlantic steam uavig?.tion, showing,
by elaborate arrays of figures and of argu-
ments, the impossibility of such a feeble thing
as a 'whiff of steam' to combat the tremen-
dous power of wind, waves and tides, and pre-
dicting dire calamities if such attempts were
persevered in. The effect of these evil fore-
bodings became visible in the temporary cessa-
tion of further Atlantic steam trips. While
nine years had elapsed from the first voyage
of the Savannah to that of the Curacoa, full
ten years were to go by till another steamer
was sent across the broad Atlantic. For the
first time the start was on the British side.
At 10 o'clock in the morning of Fourth-day,
the 4th of 4th mo. 1838, the steamship Sirius,
Lieutenant Roberts, R. N., commander, left
London for New York, with ninety-four pas-
sengers on board. An immense crowd on
hore greeted with their hurrahs the depar-
ture of the first English steamer for America
as she slowly glided down tbe Thames.
"The Sirius, a vessel of 700 tons register,
with engines of 320 horse-power, built by
Thomas Wingate, of Glasgow, was not des-
tined originally for Atlantic navigation. Her
construction was due to a small joint stock
association, called the St. George Steam Navi-
gation Company, with the intention of estab-
shing a line between London and Cork. On
this route the Sirius was first placed, with ex-
cellent effect, her performances being so good
as to create the delighted surprise of all per-
sons interested in steamships. This led to an
important consequence. Among the few per-
sons in England who had faith at that time
in ocean steam navigation was M'Gregor
Laird, of Liverpool, brother of the late John
Laird, M. P., for Birkenhead, who had become
known as the leader of a stout controversy
on the subject, maintaining his ground well
against a host of would-be scientific antagon-
ists. Among the latter was Dr. Dionysius
Lardner, the well-known compiler of a num-
ber of scientific treatises. He laid it down, in
his great ' Bncyclopaidia,' as an absolute rule,
perfectly indisputable, that the project of
building steamers to cross the Atlantic was
quite absurd, and, the more to enforce this
dogma, the learned doctor took the trouble of
going to Liverpool and lecturing an audience,
on hearing that a company, projecting to
build Atlantic steamships, was about to be
established in the growing town on the Mersey.
A part of the curious lecture of the distin-
guished encycloptedist has been preserved in
the Liverpool Albion of 12th mo. 14th, 1835,
which gave a report of it. After dwelling on
storms, trade winds and all kinds of ' natural
phenomena' on sea, earth and sky. Dr. Lard-
ner thus pithily expressed himself about At-
lantic steam navigation : ' As to the project,'
194
THE FRIEND.
he exclaimed, 'which is announced in the
newspapers, of raaliing the voyage directly
from New York to Liverpool, it is, I have no
hesitation of saying, perffctly chimerical, and
you might as well talk of making a voyage
from New York or Liverpool to the moon.'
This was as decided as strong; but M'Gregor
Laird, a doughty Scot, had nevertheless no
fear to attack the great authority. He did
so in a remarkable letter to the Liverpool
Albion, signed 'Chimera,' in which he de-
molished, one by one, all the arguments of
Dr. Lardner against ocean steam navigation.
The principal of these, aside of 'natural pbe
nomena' fancies, was that, even if steamers
could be constructed to brave the dangers of
the Atlantic, their whole space would have to
be filled with coal, to the exclusion of any
other cargo, as well as of passengers. Being
a practical shipbuilder and engineer, it was
easy for M'Gregor Laird to prove that all that
Dr. Lardner had said about the necessity of
filling steamers entirely with coal was abso-
lutely nonsense. The letter of ' Chimera'
created a great impression, gaining over not
a few influential men in Liverpool previously
prejudiced against ocean steam navigation.
(To be concluded.)
For " The Friend."
Incidents and Reflections.— No, 31.
CONFESSION AND RESTITUTION.
Those readers of "The Friend" who have
been interested in the anecdotes on this sub-
ject, published in Nos. 26 and 27 of "Incidents
and Reflections," may find satisfaction in the
additional testimony, contained in the follow-
ing narrative, to the heart-searching opera
tions of the Spirit of Christ, where it is al-
lowed to carry on its work in the repentant
sinner. The account is condensed from a
communication to "The Earnest Christian."
" In the year 1864, while I was living with-
out God, it became necessary that some one
should assist my mother-in law with money,
to secure from her unfaithful husband, her
support out of a piece of property, the income
of which he had placed in her hands for such
purposes while he was absent in a foreign
land. During this time he undertook to cast
her oft" from his protection and support; and
I, in her behalf, instituted proceedings against
him for separate maintenance. By stipula-
tion of counsel, and order of court, it was
agreed that a certain sum of money should be
paid by her to him, and the property be con-
veyed to her, through a trustee, whom she
might appoint. I was chosen for this pur-
pose. Finding no one able or willing, seem-
ingly, to loan her the money, (she not having
any of her own,) and I being the owner of a
piece of property, made a verbal agreement
with her and two of her children, of which she
liad four, two of whom were not consulted,
that I would mortgage ray property to raise
the money needed; which was readily ac-
quiesced in by her, and the two children who
knew of it. The conditions were that I should
take a mortgage on the property to be ac
quired ; she was not to pay any interest while
she lived, all was to be for her benefit during
her life, and not for her children's afterwards.
As a remuneration for this, she was to make
a will and make me executor, leaving the pro-
perty to mo at her death: all of which was
readily acquiesced in and legally and lawfully
executed.
"After the effervescence of feeling had
passed away, mother and one of her children
began to regret that the two who were not
consulted, and were poor, should bo cut off;
and wanted the will altered to give them a
small portion ; but I was inexorable, for I did
not like them. Mother could have done it
without my consent, by making another will ;
but she had regard for her word. And mother
took it so to heart that I believe it shortened
her days; for in eleven months she died.
" The will was filed for probate, and opposed
on the ground of insanity, by three of the
heirs. Both sides were defended by able
counsel, in a law suit of two years. After this
the surrogate admitted it to probate, and gave
rae letters testamentary at the enormous ex-
pense to me of $5,234 for surrogate and my
lawyer's fees, not including loss of time, ex-
penses of witnesse-', &c.
" I now took the property from the receiver,
and repaired it to a very considerable amount,
feeling quite sure I was done with law. Bui
it was not long after that I was notified by
my counsel that one of the parties was about
to commence a suit against me as executor,
for his share of the inheritance, which he and
any heir in turn had a right to do any time
within twenty years. On learning this, my
heart sunk within me, and my stubborn will
began to bend, for I could not endure such
harassing ; and these poetical lines kept run-
ning in my mind :
' You that are fond of pure vexation,
And cliief procrastination,
Just place yourselves in a situation
To take a suit at law.'
" And now I think the Lord began to work
upon my heart ; for I repaired to one of the
parties with whom I had been in bitter hos-
tility for years, and asked them what would
satisfy them; and I g:ive to three of them,
$1,790 cash, and took their quit-claim deed.
Now I was sure I was beyond the reach of
man ; and so I was, for no power of man could
disturb me in its peaceable possession. M3'
health now began to fail ; my nervous system
was much impaired. I was emaciated, and
my spirits broken down ; and in the day I
looked for night, and when it came I looked
for day; and time wore heavily with me, and
in this condition I took up my abode in this
contested house.
"Now I will pass over a few years, and
come to a crisis in my life never to be forgot-
ten, when God by his Holy Spirit deeply con-
victed me of sin, of righteousness, and a judg-
ment to come. This poor man cried unto the
Lord, and the Lord heard my cry, and for
Christ's sake delivered me out of my troubles,
and 80 restored ni}' health that after a few
months I weighed twenty- seven pounds more
than before conversion ; for which I do, and
shall forever bless and praise his holy name.
A contented mind is a continual I'east. Now
I commenced making my crooked paths
straight ; and followed on to know him, whom
to know aright is life eternal. And that life
abides in mo, praise God. I was now like
unto the man that doeth truth and cometh to
the light, that his deeds might be made mani-
fest that they were wrought in God.
"At times in the closet, when my soul was
filled with rapturous delight, this transaction
would be brought to my mind, and my spirits
would droop ; and this was presented to my
mind, that the powers ordained of God sanc-
tioned it, and it was right; and I ca41ed the
suggestion the work of Satan, and 1 put it
behind me ; but it was hard to kick against t
goad-i. It returned again at intervals wi
greater force, until by reason of the use
strong meat, my senses were exercised to d
cern good and evil.
" At this time I felt called of God to lea
the church to which I belonged, and I w
providentially led among a people whose dc
trines and teachings and practices were, ai
still are, in sympathy with the way in whi^
I had learned Christ; and on the secoi
Lord's day of my meeting with them, a s(
mon on confession and restitution was proac
ed, and the Holy Ghost sent it home to n
heart and it was troubled; nor did the Loi
who began this work, stop here. Testimoni
on restitution were called for and given, whij
deepened the wound the sermon had mac
and after this, the Lord, to mike it like a nj
driven in a sure place, inspired a sister
strike up a hymn in which was sung, '
' Bold shall I stand in thy great day,
For who aught to my charge can lay ?'
" Now my belly began to tremble. (I knq
whereof I affirai.) I felt I could not say tb
from my heart ; now my understanding begi
to be opened. I went home in heaviness
take it to the Lord in prayer, and the Lot
revealed to me by the Holy Spirit, my sin;
oppression. Nor was Satan idle in niakii
Scriptural excuses for me, and as often d
the Lord say to my heart, ' It is also writtei
I tell you when the Lord works, none ci
hinder. In this way, for a week or so I ago
ized and besought the Lord to reveal t(3 n
his whole will concerning this matter, and I
his grace assisting me it should be don
when, in the small hours of the morning, ri
dungeon flamed with light, the Holy Ghd
showed me that I was not only an oppressi
but a supplanter, and could not stand in tl
judgment; showing clearly that the inher
ance belonged to the children ; that eonfessi)
and restitution should be made to the heii
At this time my wife awoke, and seeing d
sitting up, or hearing my talk, asked me tl
matter; and I told her what the Lord hi
shown me. She arose and paced the floe
exclaiming I was crazy, and it was the woi
of Satan ; but my response was, that to me,
was eternal life, or eternal death; and were
not that the Lord had undertaken this matte
I could not foretell the result upon m^- wif
but, bless his name, he doeth all things we
" The way that opened to me, was to se
and divide among the heirs. To do this u
wife's consent was necessary, she holding t-
right of dower, and the right of an he
After a little waiting upon the Lord, she co
eluded it might be the best thing after a
Immediately it was offered for sale. The sil
gostion was to wait till May. But the Lo
said, ' What your hands find to do, do wi
all your might.' The suggestion also was
keep my intention from the heirs until t!
property was sold ; but the Lord said, ' Wh
can be done today, put not off till to-morro'
for you know not what a day may bring fori
to-morrow is in eternity.' And it was soi
sold for the sum of $12,500, which, after d
ducting expenses and mortgages, was divid'
before the Lord, with earnest prayer ai
thanksgiving. Nor was this all ; for the Wo
and the Spirit shone more and more into 11
heart, and it was apparent that the L )rJ hi!
determined on a clean work; tolay judgnie
to the line, and righteousness to the plummi,
and sweep away the refuge of lies, by ovi|
THE FRIEND.
195
kving the hiding places with the waters of
I salvation, and bringing to light all the
(den things of darkness.
l' While disposing of the hall furniture of
I house in question, my wife, spoke of a
^seagent under whom we had lived tvventy-
}'ear8 before, how she and others bad per-
Lded him to put new oil cloths in their halls;
ron as it was spoken, I clapped my hands
exclaimed, ' We owe him one quarter's
ii." (I had forgotten it.) Wife said not a
Lrter, but a month, because we only staid
\ month and nine days in the quarter. The
sray also reasoned thus: the owner was
ig since dead, and the agent would pocket
find we might as well say nothing about it.
p Lord said, 'Owe no man anything, pay
at ihou owest.' The next morning I set
, to find the agent, and had no trouble in
ing 80. Quite contrary to my e.Kpectation,
} not to my desire, when I entered his office,
jre he sat. I asked him if he knovv me ; he
imptly replied, yes ; and spoke of my being
old tenant. I then asked him if I owed
1 anything. He answered, yes. I asked
1 how much. He replied one quarter's rent.
3ked him was it a quarter or a month. He
fn produced a dusty book, and there showed
the charge made twenty six years before,
jld him to give me a receipt. 1 took coui'-
!, thanked God, and went on my way re-
iing, and singing,
' Bold shall 1 stand in thy great day,
For who aught to my charge can lay ?'
ry to the Father and to the Son, and to
ly Ghost forever.
' These suggestions often come to my mind:
p 1 the only one in these latter days who
d restitution to make? (For I scarcely ever
ir or read of a case.) The Lord says, ' I
i j'ou nay ; except they repent and restore
ly shall perish ; they will not come unto
, that I may give them light. The Lord
ill bring every work into judgment, with
sry secret thing, whether it be good, or
ether it be evil.' Now, as Samuel said to
Israel, so say I to this ungodl}- world,
T^hose ox have I taken ? or whose ass h'ave I
:en ? or whom have I defrauded ? whom
ve I oppressed ? or of whose hand have 1 re-
ved any bribe to blind mine eyes therewith ?
1 I will restore it }-ou.'
"For with the heart man believeth unto
hteousness ; and with the mouth confession
nadc unto salvation. Whosoever believeth
Him shall not be ashamed.'"
timonles of Profane Writers to the credibility of the
Jiew Te.stameut,
•traded from Home's Introduction to the Holy
Scriptures.
(Gontinned from page 186.)
[3.) A. D. 176. Celsus ridicules the Chris
ns for their worship of Christ, and attests
3 gradual inci-ease of their numbers. He
;o acknowledges that there were modest,
perate, and intelligent persons among
em, and bears witness to their constancy in
I faith of Christ. At the very time when
wrote against them, they were sufferin,
ievous persecution, but were enabled to
thstand both his sharp-pointed pen, and
30 the sword of the magistrate.
(4.) LuciAN, the contemporary of Celsus,
iS a bitter enemy of the Christians. In hie
count of the death of the philosopher Fere-
inus, he bears authentic testimony to the
incipal facts and principles of Christianity;
that its founder was crucified in Palestine,
and worshipped by the Christians, who en-
tertained peculiarly strong hopes of immortal
life, and great contempt for this world and
its enjoyments ; and that they courageousl3'
dured many attiictions on account of their
princi|)les, and sometimes surrendered them-
selves to sufferings. Honesty and probity
prevailed so much among them, that they
trusted each other without security. Their
Master had earnestly recommended to all his
followers mutual love, by which also they
were much distinguished. In his piece, en-
titled Alexander or Pseudomantis, he says,
that they were well known in the world by
the name of Christians; that they were at
that time numerous in Pontus, Paphlagonia,
and the neighboring countries ; and, finally,
that they were formidable to cheats and im-
posters. And in the dialogue entitled Philo-
patris (which, if not written by Lucian him-
self, to whom it is usually ascribed, was com-
posed not long after his time), there are
numerous allusions to the writings, principles,
and practices of Christians, all of which are
ridiculed, and especially their belief of the
doctrine of the Trinity.
(5.) The fortitude and constancy of the
Christians under persecution is referred to by
Epictetus (a. I). 109,) under the name of
Galihvans. The emperor Marcus Antoninus
, 161) mentions the Christians as exam-
ples of an obstinate contempt of death. And
Galen (a. d. 200) acknowledges the constancy
of Christians in their principles. Porphyry
(a. d. 270) acknowledges that they were then
very numerous in the Roman empire, and un-
gly admits the miracles wrought by the
apostles, which, however, he ascriljes to the
magic art ; and he endeavored to expose them
to popular reproach by insinuating that they
were the causes of the calamities that befell
the Roman empire.
the Christian religion, as well as to the unity
of the objects of the Christian faith and wor-
ship, the blameless lives of the Christians, and
their unshaken constancy in adhering to their
holj' profession, regardless of the most sangui-
nary and exquisite torments that could be
inflicted on them. It is true that, concerning
many important articles of Scripture history,
the Greek and Latin writers now extant are
totally silent; and hence some have attempt-
ed to raise an argument against the credi-
bility of this history. But the silence of the
writers in question may be satisfactorily ac-
counted for, by their great ignorance of such
facts as occurred very long before their own
time, and by the peculiar contempt enter-
tained for both Jews and Christians, arising
from the diversity of their customs and insti-
tutions. To these general considerations we
may add, parlicularlj'' with reference to the
silence of profane historians relative to the
remarkable events in the life of Christ : —
1. That many books of those remote ages are
LOST, in which it is very possible that some vien-
tion might have been made of these facts.
Hence it has happened that many occur-
rences which are related in the evangelical
history, are not to be found in the writings
of the heathens. Of these writings, indeed,
we have now btit few remaining in compari-
son of theiroriginal number; and those which
are extant, are only fragments of preceding
histories. Thus, the mighty works performed
by Jesus Christ, and the monuments of the
great achievements that took place in the age
when he was born, are now missing or lost.
All the history of Dion Cassius, from the con-
sulships of Antistius and Balbus to the con-
sulships of Messala and Cinna (that is, for the
space of ten years — five years before and five
years after the birth of Christ) is totally lost,
as also is Livy's history of the same period.
In vain, therefore, does any one expect to find
(6.) Lastly the emperor Julian (a. d. 361), Ithe remarkable passages concerning the bi
though he endeavors to lessen the number of
the early believers in Jesus, yet is constrained
to acknowledge that there were multitudes of
such men in Greece and Italy before John
wrote his Gospel, and that they were not
confined to the lower classes ; men of charac-
ter— such as Cornelius, a Roman centurian.
Christ in these writers ; and much more
vain is it to look for these things in those
writers whoso histories are altogether missing
at this day. To instance only the census or
enrolment ordered by Augustus, and men-
tioned by Luke (ii. 1, 2.), the silence of his-
torians concerning which has been a favorite
at CiX'sarea, and Sergius Paulus, proconsul of topic with objectors: — there can be no doubt
Cj'prus — being converted to the faith of Jesus but that someone of the Roman historians
before the end of Claudius's reign (who as-ldid record that transaction (for the Romans
cended the imperial throne A. d. 41, and died I have sedulously recorded every thing that
A. D. 54); and he frequently speaks, with I was connected with the grandeur and riches
much indignation, of Peter and Paul, those |of their empire): though their writings are
two great apostles of Jesus, and successful , now lost, either by negligence — by fire-— by
preachers of his Gospel. So that, upon the
whole, the apostate emperor Julian has unde-
signedly borne testimony to the truth of many
things recorded in the New Testament. He
aimed to overthrow the Christian religion,
but has CONFIRJIED it; his arguments against
it are perfectly harmless, and insufficient to
unsettle the weakest Christian ; for he has
not made one objection of moment against the
the irruption of the barbarous nations int
Italy — or by age and length of time. It is
evident that some one historian did mention the
census above alluded to; otherwise, whence
did Suidas derive information of the fact —
that Augustus sent twenty select men, of
acknowledged character for virtue and in-
tegrity, into ALL the provinces of the empire,
to take a census both of men and of property.
Christian religion, as containi'd in the genuine and commanded that a just proportion of the
and authentic books of the New Testament.
Thus do all the inveterate enemies of Chris-
tianity— from its first origin to its complete
establishment in the then known world, in
the fourth century of the Christian era —
unite in giving an honorable testimony to the
character of Christ, the reality of his mira-
cles, to the genuineness, authenticity, and
credibility of the writings of the New Testa-
ment, and to the wide and rapid progress of
latter should be brought into the imperial
treasury. And this, Suidas adds, was the
FIRST census.
Prof. Lutterback, of Germany, after care-
fully examining the question, decided some
months ago that an eclipse of the moon took
place on the day of Christ's crucifixion, 4th
mo. 3, A. D. 33.
196
THE FRIEND.
For "The Friend
Thoughts and Feelings.
CONFOa.MITY TO THE WORLD.
The apostle Paul in his injunction, "Be not
conformed to this world," has left as clear and
conclusive instruction on that subject, as is
in that convej'ed by our Divine Lawgiver:
" Swear not at all." And yet how little heed
profe.ssed Christians generally give to the
former precept compared with that paid to
the latter! Our great inconsistency, as well
as unequal upholding of scripture truths, is
again manifested in our obedience to some of
its requisitions, while at the same time, we
may much, in the expressive language of con-
duct, disregard and ignore others oC no less
binding and sacred obligation. Thus, the
Saviour enforces: "Search the Scriptures ; for
in them ye think ye have eternal life;" and
which a great many are, perhaps, not deficient
in doing: while as respects the latter part of
the text, "Ye ivill not come to me, that ye might
have life" and wherein the kernel or pith of
the whole matter may be said to consist, is
too greatly neglected ; in large measure per-
haps because conformity to the world and its
opinions, or to the sense and standard of
others, induces content in their view of things,
and with going their pace.
We are not sure whether some of the re
qui^itions of the Divine will concerning out
ward conformitj^, because of their very little
ness and insignificance, as so considered, are
not as severe and conclusive tests of our lov
of conformity to the world, and our want of
obedience to even the written revelation, as
any other ! Thus, how comparatively few of
the professors of Christ, pay practical heed to
the solemnly imposed restraints of the apost!
Peter : "ief not your adorning be that outward
adorning of plaiting the hair, and of wearing
of gold, or of putting on of apparel," &c,
Again, I will therefore, Paul writes, "That
women adorn themselves in modest apparel,
with shamefacedness and sobriety; not with
broidered hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly
array ; but (which becoraeth women professing
godliness) with good works." So far has out-
landish excess, in these particulars, gotten
hold of the professed followers of a "meek
and lowly" Saviour, who, on earth, "had not
where to lay His head," that there is not any
monstrous novelty or strange disguise, in the
way of attire, that fashion does not seem to
reconcile, with her votaries, conformity to.
With regard to this, and the deplorable and
sinful waste of time, mind, talent and expense
involved in, and sacrificed to "the outward
adorning," to the corresponding neglect, it is
to be feared, of that which is " not corruptible,
even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit,
which is in the sight of God of great price,"
well might William Penn, who'had himself
tasted of the corrupting vanities and wicked
customs of the world, with the bitter fruits
thereof, write : " Let none deceive themselves,
nor mock their immortal souls, with a pleas-
ant, but most false and pernicious dream. *
* * No, no, my friends, ' what you sow, that
shall you reap:' If you sow vanity, folly,
visible delights, fading pleasures; no bettor
shall you ever reap than corruption, sorrow,
and the awful anguish of eternal disappoint-
ment."
Accordancy with usage, doing as the rest
do, or conformity to the spirit of the world,
so falls in with the natural propensities of,
the unrenewed heart, that it is no wonder
if young persons, over whom those who are
older exert a powerful — it may be helpful or
stumbling — influence, should find it exceed
ingly difficult to take up the cross to "the
lusts of the flesh, the lusts of the eyes, and the
pride of life" so inviting and ensnaring, which
are not of the Father, but of the world ; and
thence destined to perish with the world
But for this junior class how appropriate is
the injunction in effect: Call no man master
in things pertaining to the conscience! How
encouraging are the promises, " I love them
that love me ; and those that seek me early
shall find rae." And, "Blessed is the man
that endureth temptation : for when he is tried,
he shall receive the crown of life, which the
Lord hath promised to them that love him."
But alas for those, be they parents or others,
set over this class, whose doctrine and whose
fe coincident, it may be, have not been of a
kind to lead away from conformity to the
world, neither into the obedience of the cross
to a cross bearing and crucified, yet risen and
glorified Eedeemer! Oh ! the fearful respon-
sibility resting on these! For, as the Lord
himself said concerning His visited children:
Whosoever shall offend (either in word or
act) one of these little ones that believe in me,
it were better for him that a millstone were
hanged about his neck, and he were cast into
May we all be willing, with the light and
grace of the Lord Jesus — the means freely
dispensed and all-sufficient — to examine and
see, whether conformity in anywise to the
corrupting spirit of the world in ourselves, so
as to exert a prejudicial leavening influence
over others, is not weakening us as Christians;
is not robbing us of spiritual strength ; is not
depriving us of that power for good, which
the more earnestly it is sought, and faithfully
used, the more it is found to increase with the
increase that is of God.
1816 as it was in the reign of Julius Ciesai
the Emperor Claudius; though there was <
denee that it had risen much higher in j
historic times. The average extent of
lake was 33,050 acres. It was 12.4 m
long and 6 8 miles broad. The Italian er
neers calculated that the lake had been
ing up at the rate of 12 inches per centu
and that was an interesting geographical fs
as showing the rate at which these large lal
silted ; so that the present botto;n was 15 f
higher than it was in the reign of the Empe
Claudius. Julius Cffisar had conceived
utility of draining the lake for the sake of
health of the district, and also with a view
increasing the corn-growing area near Ron!
but his death put au end to the scheme, j
the reign of Claudius the project was agi{
revived, and the favorite Narcissus was '
dered to go on with the necessary works
the public expense. Suetonius stated tl
for eleven years 30,000 men were employ
there, and the elder Pliny said that the wot
were so extraordinary that no language coi
give any idea of them. These works consist
n boring a tunnel under Mount Salviano, Q
feet below its summit, and under the Pak
tine fields at an average depth of 328 feet
discharge into the river Liris the surpl
water of the lake. The construction of
tunnel of about four miles in length at a gre
depth under a mountain was, in the then stE
of engineering science, a wonderful und(
taking. It would not be an easy job no
The tunnel actually was made, and the la
partially drained ; and it appeared from t
remains of the old tunnel that the origir
engineer understood his work well, but th
the designs were imperfectly carried out, ai
the work shockingly scamped by the contrE
tor. First of all, levels could not have bei
well understood in those days; nevorthelei
the outfall had been most correctly chosen,
as to give the reasonable fiill to the water
The Drainage of lake Fiicino. ij ,„ lOOO ; the new outlet at the River Lii
opening lecture to the class of Civil | was within a foot or two, and at the san
Th(
Engineering, at the University of Edinburgh,
was lately given by Prof. Flceming Jenkin.
The professor gave an account of the great
project for draining Lake Fucino, in Italy,
which, commenced 2000 years ago, had at last
been successfully accomplished. The lake
was situated in the Abruzzi province, 53
level^as that chosen by the Roman enginee
and the Roman engineer had also selected tt
direction of the tunnel very properly, and hs
followed so correctly the configuration oft!
ground in making it that the modern eng
neers had not been able to improve upon i
The old shafts — 40 in number — which ha
east of Eome, and covered the greater part of been sunk so that headings might be drive
a large table land near the smull town ofiin various directions at one and the satt
Avezzano. The suiface of the water was 2094 time, had been well constructed, and had bee
feet above the sea, but to the lake there was
o natural outlet; and, though the action of
the wind on the water prevented it from
stagnating, the neighborhood of the lake was
very unhealthj'. Whenever there was a sue
cession of years in which the rainfall was
heavy, the lake rose enormously, and covered
the adjoining country. The nearest river
was the Liris, 3i miles away, but the moun-
tain Salviano and a high plain separated the
two. The comparisons between what the
ake was recently and what it had been in
ancient times were extremely curious, as show-
ng the changes which took place in the rain-
fall over a long cycle of years. Between
1783 and 1816 the lake rose 30 feet 5 inches,
and was then 74 feet deep. From the com-
mencement of 1820 to 1835 it fell to nearly
11 feet below its level in 1783, being then 31
feet deep. In 1861 it had risen again 30 feet.
The remains of drainage works on the lake
showed that its area was about the same in
argely taken advantage of in constructin
the modern tunnel. A great difliculty th
Romans inust have encountered was the quar
tity of water which flowed from the strati
and how they got over it was not easy to saj
as it was not known that they had pump
sufficient to cope with large accumulations o
water. One of the most curious things abou
the old tunnel was the constant variation ofth
cross sections. Beginning with a finely archo'
entrance, the tunnel as it went into the hil
got smaller and smaller, just as if the men go
tired of the work, until in the centre thor
was only a hole large enough for a man t'
creep through. Then it opened out again to
ward the outfall. AYhere it could be inspecte(
it was all right, but what was altogether ou
of sight had been scamped in the way indi
cated. During the progress of the work i
great slip had occurred, and, evidently as thej
could not get through the loose earth, the
workmen turned off" to the right and made !
THE FRIEND.
197
id gallery through the stone, some 400
n leugth, round the obstructing mass,
e tunnel was opened by Claudius, who
of all witnessed a sanguinary sham sea
the lake, in which the convicts,
pred from all parts of Italy, were made
istroy each other. The tunnel, however,
i got blocked, and it was not until Ha-
^'s time that it was put right. The lake
then reduced to some 17,000 acres. Theen-
pe to the tunnel seemed to have been kept
»od order down to the fifth century, but
I the fall of the Roman Empire the tunnel
labandoncd and the lake resumed its an
■; extent. Various abortive attempts were
'wards made to open the tunnel from time
me. In 1851 a company, with a capital
1,000,000, was formed for draining the
r— the concession they were to get in rc-
being land which was reclaimed ; but
enterprise, too, fell through. Prince
cander Torlonia, who held half the shares
16 concern, however, bought up the other
and having obtained the repeal of some
ctionable clauses in the concession, pro-
led with the work.
[e consulted a French engineer— Franz
■a do Monsucher— under whoso direction
mnel, following the line of the old one,
3arrying off 11,000 gallons of water per
ute from the lake, was completed in June,
). The cost had been §8,750,000. The
! had now been completely drained. Tor
a had got an estate of 35,000 acres, the
rhborhood was now healthy, and the gene
prosperity which had been brought about
;he population, by this great work, had
Q most marked. — Late Paper.
Selected for "The Friend."
The following lines were addressed, by
Richard Peters, a clergyman of the Protest-
ant Episcopal Church, in Pennsylvania, to
Anthony Benezet, who had loaned him Bar-
clay's Apology. It was understood that Dr.
Peters, previously to hi.s perusal of Barclay,
had entertained and expressed unfavorable
opinions of the Quakers, and their principles.
For Barclay's learned Apology, is due
My hearty thanks and gratitude to you.
The more' I read, the more my. wonder's raised,
I viewed him often, and as often praised.
Commanding reason through the whole design.
And thoughts sublime appear in every line.
Sure some diviner spirit did inspire
His pregnant genius with celestial iire.
Long had I censured with stupendous rage,
And cursed your tenets with the foolish age,
Thought nothing could appear in your defence,
Till Barclay shined with all the rays of sense.
His works, at least shall make me moderate prove,
And those who practise what he writes I'll love.
With the censorious world, no more I'll sin
In damning those who own the light within.
If thev can see with Barclay's piercing eyes,
The world may deem them fools, but I shall thmk them
'he revelation of God in Christ has done
much for the world to be put aside at the
est of science. If science is right, then
•istianity is a falsehood ; but did ever false-
id do such work as true Christianity has
le ? Can a lie transform a base and cruel
into one that is pure and brotherly? Can
e inspire the heriosm and the sacrifice of
' which has illustrated the path and pro-
ss of Christianity from the earliest times?
1 a lie sweeten sorrow, strengthen weak-
s, make soft the pillow of death, and ir-
iate the spirit shutting its eyes upon this
rid with a joy too great for utterance?
is is what Christianity has done in millions
1 millions of instances. It is busy ir
leficent work of transforming character all
;r the world to day. Man of science, what
70 you to put in its place ? The doctrine
a world without a personal God, and a man
thout a soul? God pity the man of science
lO believes in nothing but what he can
)ve by scientific methods I We cannot
ao-ine a sadder or more unfortunate man in
5 world. God pity him, we say, for if ever
human being needed divine pity he does
1 intelligent man, standing in the presence
the Ev'erlasting Father, studying and en-
avoring to interpret his works, and refus-
y to see him, because he cannot bring him
ro the field of his telescope, or into the
Dge of a " scientific method," is certainly
object to be pitied of angels and men. The
ii'v'el is that in his darkness and his sadness
en turn to him for light—turn to a man for
rht who denies not only God, but the esist-
'ce of the human soul ! Alas ! that there
ould be fools more eminent in their foolish-
!ss than hG\—S<:ribner.
A MOTHER'S CAKES.
I do not think that I could bear
My daily weight of woman's care.
If it were not for this:
That Jesus seemeth ever near.
Unseen, but whispering in my ear
Some tender word of love and cheer.
To fill my soul with bliss !
There are so many trivial cares
That no one knows and no one shares,
Too small for me to tell.
Things e'en mv husband cannot see,
Nor his dear love uplift from me—
Each hour's unnamed perplexity
That mothers know so well.
The failure of some household scheme.
The ending of some pleasant dream,
Deep hidden in my breast,
The weariness of children's noise,
The vearning for that subtle poise.
That' turneth duties into joys,
And giveth inner rest.
These secret things, however small.
Are known to Jesus, each and all.
And this thought brings me peace.
I do not need to say a word.
He knows that thought my heart hath stirred,
And by divine caress my Lord
Makes all its throbbing cease.
And then, upon his loving breast.
My weary head is laid at rest.
In speechless ecstacy !
Until it seemeth all in vain.
That care, fatigue, or mortal pain,
Should hope to drive me forth again
From such felicity !
Christian Secrdary.
Queynet, a French chemist, recommends, as
ameansforrapidlyextinguishingfiresin chim-
neys, that about 'lOO grammes of sulphuret of
carboo be burned upon the hearth. The best
way to burn the sulphuret is to turn it out in
a broad tin plate. It ignites at once, burns
rapidly, and produces great volumes of the
noxious sulphuric gas, which extinguisher
flame at once. The sulphuret of carbon, i
liquid combination of sulphur and carbon
should bo kept in large bottles, to allow for
its great expansion. In Paris the firemen, by
using this compound as directed, in three
months, extinguished 251 fires out of 319
and that, too, without needing to go upon
roofs or deranging apartments in any way
For " Tbe Friend."'
Mcmoml of the Yellow FeTer in 1793.
The following document is published in the
pages of "The Friend," as an interesting relic
and reminiscence of the sad days of the Yel-
low Fever in Philadelphia in 1793.
The Committee therein referred to is thus
spoken of in "The Arm Chair."
" When Pestilence her raven wing outspread,
When terror swept the living from the dead, —
When love's own ties were severed in affright,
And duty's call had lost its wonted might,—
Otlley, and others, a devoted band.
Before the march of terror took their stand,
"I'hey nobly dared in that dark hour to make
Themselves an offering for the people's sake.
He was accepted ! Great the church's loss,
She mourned a faithful champion of the cross.
Gathered at mid-day — soon therace was won—
Long e'er the evening shades his labor done !"
"To the Surviving Relatives of Daniel Offley.
At a meeting of the citizens of Philadelphia,
the Northern Liberties and District of South-
wark, assembled on Saturday, the 22d day of
March, 1794, at the City Hall for the purpose
of taking into consideration the report of their
committee appointed to prepare an instru-
ment expressive of the most cordial, grateful
and fraternal thanks of the citizens to their
committee of health, for the important, hazard-
ous, and successful services by them rendered
during the calamity that lately aflJicted the
City and Liberties, the following form was
unanimously adopted and agreed to on this
occasion.
Whereas, it hath pleased the Supreme Euler
and Governor of the universe to permit, dur-
ing the months of August, September and
October last, a most dreadful visitation or
epidemi«.malady to afflict the City and Liber-
ties of Philadelphia in such manner that it is
supposed not less than five thousand of the
inhabitants have fallen victims to the same:
And AVhereas, the following citizens of
Philadelphia as Guardians of the poor, to
wit: James Wilson, Jacob Tomkinsand Wil-
liam Sanson! ; and the following persons as a
committee of health, to wit: Mathew Clark-
son, Stephen Girard, John Letchworth, John
Haworth, Thomas Savery, Henry Dc*'orre9t,
Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant, Caleb Lownes,
Peter Helm, James Kerr, James Swaim,
JacobWhitman, John Connelly, Daniel Offley,
Thomas Wistar, Israel Israel, James Shar-
ood, Mathew Carey, Samuel Benge, Andi-ew
Adgate and Joseph Inskeep ; and the follow-
ing persons members of tbe assistant com-
mittee of health in the Northern Liberties
and District of Soulhwark, to wit: William
P. Sprague, William Gregory, Joseph Burns,
Jacob Winnemore and Shubart Armitage ;—
totally disregarding their own personal preser-
vation, and only intent on arresting the pro-
gress of the malignant disorder; with a mag-
nanimity and patriotism meriting the highest
eulogiums, stood forth, and by every generous
and endearing exertion, preserved the lives
of many of their fellow citizens from death
by conveying them to a suitable hospital
which they had provided at Bush Hill, where,
under the meritorious exertions and peculiar
care of Stephen Girard and Peter Helm, two
of the citizens above mentioned, every possi-
ble comfort was provided for the sick, and
decent burial for those whom their eff'orts
could not preserve from the ravages of the
prevailing distemper. In order therefore to
perpetuate the memory of such distinguished
usefulness to distant times and to serve as
198
THE FRIEND.
an examplo and encouragement to others to
emulate the like beneficent virtues, should it
ever unfortunately again become necessary
to practise them, the citizens of Philadelphia,
the Districts of Southwark and Northeiu
Liberties, do by this Instrument, present to
the above named William Sansom as a guar-
dian of the poor; to the above named Mathew
Clarkson,CalcbLowne8,Thos.W"i8tar, Samuel
Benge, Henry Deforrest, John Connelly,
Stephen Girard, Petor Helm, Israel Israel,
John Letchworth, James Kerr, James Shar-
wood, John Havvorth, James Swaim, Mathew
Carey, Thomas Savery, Jacob Whitman, as a
committee of health ; and to the above named
William P. Sprague, William Gregory, Joseph
Burns, Jacob Winnemore and Shubart Armi-
tage, as members of the assistant committee
of health, their most cordial and fraternal
thanks for their benevolent and patriotic ex-
ertions in relieving the miseries of suffering
humanity on the late occasion. And as An-
drew Adgate, Jonathan Dickinson Sergeant,
Joseph Inskeep and Daniel Offley, members
of the committee of health, and James Wil-
son and Jacob Tomkins, members of the
assistant committee of health, unfortunately
fell victims to their generous exertions for
the preservation of the inhabitants, it is hoped
that their great services will be held in ever-
lasting remembrance by the citizens to whoso
welfare they so nobly devoted themselves
even unto death, and that this will be evi-
denced on all proper occasions in a suitable
attention to their surviving relatives:
Ordered, that a copy of this instrument be
duly engrossed on parchment, signed by the
chairman of the meeting, and presented to
each of the persons above named, an« to the
representatives of the deceased overseers of
the poor and members of the committee above
named, to remain with them as a Memorial
of the sense their fellow citizens entertain of
the services rendered them during the late
dreadful calamity.
TiioM. McKean,
Chamnan."
missal and the last provision is doubtless in- ing intensely solemn and earnest- whil
tended to reciprocate the courtesy, where ' " "
other Societies receive them.
A Little Republic ill Feudal Germany.
A half hour's ride by rail from Stuttgart is
a pleasant little vallej^, bounded on the north
by sloping vineyards, and on the south by
The name of the village is
For " The Friend."
In looking over the " Richmond Palladium''
of 10th month 3d, 1878, in which are given
"Notes" of the proceedings of Indiana Yearly
Meeting, apparently taken by a reporter, I
notice the following paragraphs, which may
be laid before the readers of "The Friend," as
indicative of the progress of innovation on the
long established order and discipline of the
Society of Friends.
Referring to the revision of the Discipline
acted on by the meeting, it is said "A change
was made in relation to the supply of small
meetings with the ministry, so that ministers
who are unable to furnish such labor gratis,
shall be reasonably compensated for their
time and services, and provision was made for
raising money for that purpose."
"A proposition to change the clause in
reference to the reception of members into
the church, to vest in Monthly Meetings dis-
cretionary power to receive members from
other religious Societies on letters ; ai]d allow-
ing requests to come directly to Monthly
Meetings without intervention of Overseer"
or Preparative Meetings, was adopted."
I understand the practice has obtained i
some of the Monthly Meetings there for
considerable time, to give members wishing t
join other religious Societies letters of dit
fruitful hills
Kornthal
In 1819 a band of religious people came
here to secui-e an asylum against the encroach-
ment of unsound doctrine, which toward the
close of the last century had begun to under-
mine, as they thought, the faith of their fore-
fathers. Rationalism, had indeed, invaded
the Church of Wurtemberg and penetrated
into the Consistory. The new Liturgy and
Hymn-book, "cut down," as the venerable
body put it, "to suit the requirements of
modern culture," these sturdy defenders of
the faith refused to adopt. They were in-
pired by a religious genius, named Michael
Hahn ; and their code of laws was drawn up
by their founder, Gottlieb Wilhelm Hoffmann,
aided by an "Advisory Council." It consisted
of thirty articles of civil and religious faith.
Afier some delay, these articles were duly
signed and sealed by King William, of Wur-
temberg. Thousands of the so-called "Pietists"
had already left the country on account of
the faith, emigrating to Southern Russia,
where they had established numerous flourish-
ing colonies. Tnerefore the king felt the
need of propitiating those who might other-
wise, he feared, become disaffected, and who
were among his most loyal subjects. One of
the wagons prepared for the journey to Russia
was known for a long time, in Kronthal, as
the "Jerusalem coach."
Before the year 1819, Kronthal was a free-
hold, consisting of 836 acres of land, a castle,
two tenant-houses, and six farm-houses. It
was owned by Count von Gbrlitz, Grand
Steward of the Wurtemberg Court, who sold
it, after some reluctance, for 115,000 guldens.
In a letter which accompanied the sale, he
says : " It costs me a great struggle to resign
an estate to whi<3h I am attached by the
dearest recollections of my life. But your
designs for wishing to purchase this inherit-
ance of my foreftithers are so worthy, that I
feel unwilling to prove a hindrance to j-ou
the carrying out your plans; and I hope that
a blessing will rest upon your efforts.'
The good Count did not "hope against
hope," for a blessing has indeed attended their
labors. In 1859 a grand semicentennial jubi
lee occurred here," of which I have heard
many a glowing account. At that time the
historj^ of the little community was rehearsed
before 5000 people. It was related how, fro
the small beginning, first, a church building,
then substantial dwelling houses and school
buildings, came to be erected. There are
now at least two hundred houses, and (in-
cluding two orphanages) seven school houses ;
the inhabitants number about 1500.
During all this period of fifty j'ears, not a
ngle fire, not a single criminal case, not a
bankruptcy, occurred. Meanwhile, the strict-
est morality prevailed. Twice a day every
man, woman, and child assemble for prayer
and praise. The only preparation is that of
the heart. The women, for the most part
bonnotless, with perhaps a lace cap or strip
of ribbon bound tightly around the head; the
men in ordinary working garments, but look-
various schools, marshaled by their sc
teachers, and issuing from every direc
walk decorously in by twos, and lak
respective places.
We have attended a confirmation sen
a wedding, and a funeral; the latter b
decidedly the most cheerful of the three,
even the outward signs of woe are permit
but are religiously superseded by everyt!
suggesting victory. The coffin is pai
white, with a red cross ; the pall is also w
with a red cross upon the centre. The w
said over the body were something like
Thou poor body, from which the soul of
dear brother has departed; we commit
earth to earth, ashes to ashes," &c.
After the procession had left the bi
ground, we stood there watching the old
digger, who, with respectful courtesy"^
proached us. We remarked, pointing t
grave, "The poor old man lying there is
at rest; better so, is it not, than to be
a bed of sickness?" "Yes," he answe
promptly, " but sickness is also good."
can that be ?" I replied. " Ah, sickness g
patience, and patience hope, and hope
Christ, victory! Ah! lady, no cross,
crown !" The words came to me —
" Shall I be carried to the skies
On flowery beds of ease ;
While others fought to win the prize,
Or sailed through bloody seas ?"
The old man's face, though furrowed w
age, looked almost radiant as, lifting his ej
he said at parting, " To die is joy !"
" This is the victory that overcometh
world, even our faith.'"' " O death ! when
thy sting ? O grave ! where is thy victor
From what we have already seen,
whole community is still penetrated
Quch of the religious enthusiasm of tt
piritual founder, Michael Hahn. He ^
elected to be their first overseer, but d
eight days after the purchase of the
Before his death, conventicles of reli
worship were, under his leadership, est;
lished all over the land. Remaining ext
nally within the pale of the National Chur
they resorted to these private gatherings
a means of making up for the deficiency
the public services. These meetings are .
quented, to the present day, by'sixtj^
seventy thousand persons in Wurtemberg,;
Christian Intelligencer.
For -'Tlio Friend
" Were the members of all our church
guided by the Holy Spirit into the foith
those who lived in the glow of the Di
ascension, and heard the voices of the Api
ties, instead of imprisonment for fraud, e
bezzlement and theft, there would be tn
parentsimplicity ;themembersofourchurch
would be obedient to all Christ's commant
carry about a perpetual atmosphere of spir
uality, would be fragrant roses bathing in t
sunlight ofliving truth, unfolding to its'boar
fanned by the breezes, and refreshed by t
dews of heavi^i."
This beautiful sentiment, contained in t
correspondence of the National Baptist, pi
supposes that the /diWi exercised by the met
bers of the Christian churches, is that liviii
faith of which the Apostle James speak
which works by love; and which is insepaj
,bly connected with walking in obedience I
the Light of Christ in the heart, withoil
THE FRIEND.
199
b wc cannot obtain salvation, or those
and graces that accompany it.
For "The Kriend."
'he Westtown Literaiy Union," at West-
Boarding School, has set apart some of
lembers as a "Historical Committee,"
lially charged with the care of collecting
jreserving information as to the present
past condition of the school. Former
mts of the school, or any who possess
information, are respectfully requested
)mmunicate with the committee. Per-
recollections, especially of those at the
)1 previous to 1820 ; accounts of the daily
t the school ; information as to the classi-
on and methods of instruction, and gen-
Y any statements throwing light upon
nterior workings of the Institution will
lankfully received.
liters written from the school, particu-
in its early times, or drawings and
ihes of the buildings and grounds, would
great assistance to the committee. These
d be gladly received, either as its pe
ant property, or as a temporary loan for
lination and copying. Atldress
Thos. K. Brown,
Street Eoad P. O., Chester Co., Pa,
For "The Friend."
bave recently received, through the mail
py of "The Friend," containing
jmarks
wo Friends in Bloomfield, upon my essay
!h appeared in '• The Friend" of 11th mo.
, 1878. I would that we all might bear
lind that strong expressions, especially
n writing upon difficult and delicate ques-
3, are no substitute for argument, nor 1
will conduce to draw the blessing of the
;e maker. Those two Friends are brothers
1 whom I have lived on terms of Chris-
intimacy for very many years, I have
; since loved them as brothers, and I do
intend to let any thing deprive me of so
lious a privilege ; nor do I yet believe that
er of them, upon the sober second thought,
3ve me capable of prevarication, or gar
g a quotation, or of intentionally rais-
ing a fact.
he former [speaks of] errors in doctrine
ch he very correctly intimates that 1
w nothing about, never having heard one
rle utterance of the kind he refers to. The
ument from some Friends in Norwich, in
7, to which he refers, was introduced the
>nd time to the Yearly Meeting at my
gestion, and in both cases I acted consci-
lously, and therefore have no apology to
The apparent difference between Levi Var-
ney and me, in our views of the report, arises
from the simple fact that he states, perhaps
unconsciously, what took place after the re-
port was read and before it was directed to
be signed, and I stated what I clearly lender-
stood to be the conclusion after explanations
had been given as to the form of the words
which a few seemed to fear wei-e too strong;
as no other words were suggested as a sub-
stitute, and as we were directed to sign it on
behalf of the committee, and as no objection
was made to this direction, I think that no
impartial reader will entertain any doubt that
I was fully justified in stating that the report
was adopted without any expressed dissent.
Had I any fear of the prediction of W. V.,
in his last paragraph being realized, I should
feel the need of exercising a godly jealousy
over myself, that no word nor act of mine
might contribute to so deplorable a result;
but I have no such fears ; the mission of our
branch of the Church is not yet completed ;
the purposes for which, in the Providence of
God, it was called into being, in my view
will not be answered till " the whole lump is
leavened," until the comprehensive design of
the gospel is fulfilled by the whole earth being
filled with the knowledge of the glory of God.
Fiery trials may overtake us in the future as
n the past; but my faith i.s, that the great
Master will be equal for every emergency,
and as a refiner, will be watching the cru-
cible—for good. Israel's Shepherd neither
slumbers nor sleeps, and therefore Eis flock
fear no enemy as none such will be able to
pluck them out of the Father's hand.
Thomas Clark.
1. Their blood stains its walls, and from
that "pit" they have gone down to another
_ t, where no sounds of mirth ever come.
Now I ask what right have I to enter a place
here the tragedies that are played oft" before
me by painted women and dissolute men, are
as nothing, to the tragedies of lost souls that
are enacted in some parts of that house every
night?
What right have I to give my money and
my presence to sustain that moral slaughter
house, and by walking into the theatre my-
self to aid in decoying others to follow me. —
Theo. Cuyler in "Heart Life."
A new way of reading the Bible has been
invented in these highly enlightened days. I
used to get on exceedingly well with the book
years ago, for it seemed clear and plain enough ;
but modern interpreters would puzzle us out
of our wits and out of our souls, if they could,
by their vile habit of giving new meanings
to plain words. Thank God! I keep in the
old simple way; but I am informed that the
inventors of the new minimizing glasses man-
age to read the big words small ; and they
have even read down the word "everlasting"
into a little space of time. Everlasting may
bo six weeks or six months, according to
them. I use no such glasses; my eyes re-
main the same, and " everlasting" is " everlast-
ing" to me, whether I read of everlasting life
or everlasting punishment. — Spurgeon.
Words like lenses obscure what they do not
enable us to see better.
The Plumber and Sanitary Engineer, a paper
published in New York, has joined with some
public-spirited men in that city in offering a
premium for the best design for a house for
working men.
Some parts of that city are greatly over-
crowded. It is said that 500,000 of its popu-
lation live in tenement-houses, and a large
part of this number sleep in rooms which are
never aired except from another room. Ninety
per cent, of the children born in them die be-
fore reaching youth. They are described as
hot-beds of vice and crime.
Public attention has been called to this sub-
ject, and the authorities have decided to re-
fuse building permits for the erection of any
building where the plan of construction does
not conform to the sanitary code.
THE FRIEND.
SECOND MONTH
No man has a moral right to do anything,
the influence of which is certainly and inevi-
refer to the remarks of my friend, Leviltably hurtful to his neighbor. I have a legal
•ney with exceeding regret, because I right to take arsenic and strychnine; but 1
e no' doubt that both he and I are equally have no moral right to commit self destruc-
ious to present nothing but the truth ; tion. I have a legal right to attend the thea-
do I doubt that when the whole truth is tre. No policeman stands at the door to ex-
sented we shall substantially agree. Thejclude me, or dares to eject me while my con-
amittee supposed they were appointed to duct is orderly and becoming. But I have no
imine the whole Norwich difficulty from
evidence laid before it, and report which
the bodies purporting to be Pelham Quar-
should be acknowledged. This duty I
ieve they performed deliberately and con
moral right to go there ; not merely because
I may see and hear much that may soil my
memory for days and months, but because that
whole garnished and glittering establishment,
with its sensuous attractions, is to many a
entiously, and as the lesser body did not 'young person the yawning maelstrom of per-
1 a single advocate, I see no way open to dition.
) committee but the course they pursued ; 1 The dollar which I give at the box office, is
ieavoring to word their report in a way ' my contribution toward sustaining an estab-
it would^not necessarily leave any burden lishment whose dark foundations rest on the
on the minds of a single brother or sister, murdered souls of thousands of my fellovv
The statements contained in the newspapers
of the day of the treatment of the fugitive
Cheyenne Indians who were imprisoned at
Fort Kobinson, Nebraska, are disgraceful and
revolting in their character. These Chey-
ennes, it will be remembered, had been re-
moved from their'former homes and settled
on a reservation selected for them in the In-
dian Territory. A portion of their number
were much dissatisfied with their location,
and finally became so discontented, that they
fled northward through Kansas, killing sev-
eral persons whom they met on their journey,
and were finally overtaken and imprisoned
by the United States troops.
The attempt to confine individuals or tribes
within certain limits by the exercise of arbi-
trary power, is certain to arouse a feeling of
opposition. It is only as their own comfort,
convenience or interest is promoted, that peo-
ple settle down contentedly in their homes.
Therefore, however inconvenient to the Gov-
ernment the unsettled and restless character
of these Indians may have proved ; they are
not to be too severely condemned lor exercis-
ing their natural right of changing their place
of abode.
As to the treatment at Fort Eobinson, to
which we have referred, an extract from a
private letter, written the day before they
escaped from that post, says :
" We have now in this department a deli-
cate question to handle in the removal of the
Cheyenne prisoners to Leavenworth. They
200
THE FRIEND.
the latest accounts the officer in command, in
ordor to induce them to consent, had taken
thcii- rations from them. They had then been
twenty-four hours without provisions, and re-
fused to permit him to feed the children, of
whom there were about fifty. Uo was, when
he reported, about proceeding to stop their
fuel. All our information leads to the belief
that they are in deadly earnest, and that when
the removal commences, which will be in a
few days, somebody will certainly be hurt.
In fact, from present indications, the matter
is likely to prove serious."
The Chicago Inter-Ocean states that the at-
tempt to starve and freeze the Indians into
submission was begun on the 5th ult. " For
three days they were kept in the lodge used
as a prison, without fire or food, and practi-
cally without clothing. This was inhuman
and disgraceful, but an act of treachery and
perfidy followed that far exceeded it. Under
the pretence of holding a council, the two
chiefs were enticed away from their followers,
and when separated wore set upon, struck
down, and placed in irons. A war song, sun"-
by oneof the chief's daughters, was heard by
the Indians confined in the lodge, who divined
the meaning and proceeded to prepare for a
defence against further acts of this character.
Bread was offered to the children, but the In-
dians refused it, declaring they would all die
together."
It is grievous to us that such things should
be done in our country; for besides the shock
given to all feelings of humanity, we can but
look fjrward with fear to the just retribution
of Him in whose hands all the nations of the
earth are but as the small dust of the balance ;
and who sets up and pulls down according to
"" ■■' jhteous pleasure.
a right seed. How art thou become the de
generate plant of a strange vine unto me !"
H
IS own
Wo have received from Thomas Clark, of
Canada, some additional remarks, making ex-
planations which he thinks are called for by
the letters of William Valentine and Levi
Varney, printed in our 20th number.
We deemed the occurrences which have
taken place among Friends in Canada of suffi-
cient importance to interest our readers gen-
erally; and therefore hafe published such
portions of the communications received as
Boomed calculated to convey a clear account
of vyhat had taken place. We wish to guard
against burthening our columns with what is
merely personal and local in its character.
Yet in justice to Thomas Clark, we publish
on another page of our journal, so much of
his article as is requisite to explain the criti-
cism on his course contained in the letters ho
refers to.
Wo note particularly his statement, that
he had not heard uttered such doctrinal senti-
ments as those mentioned by Wra. Valentine.
Wo sincerely desire, that having now learned
what unwholesome food is distributed to the
flock in meetings loss favored than his o
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— It has been estimated that th
total tonnage of iron vessels launched on the Delaware
^'Jaha .aa"^ ^^''^' ^'^^ ^^'°°'* '°°^i valued at about
The State of Pennsylvania is now in possession of a
full title to the ground presented for the Middle Peni-
tentiary, in Huntington county, and in a short time
pipes will be laid from the springs intended to supply
the building with water. These springs discharge
120,000 gallons every twenty-four hours, more th.in
four times the quantity required.
There are now 186 American vessels employed in the
whale fishery, with an aggregate tonnage of 40,603.
JNew Bedford, Mass., owns 132 of them.
The Locust Gap mines, between Mount Carmel and
Sliamokin, Pa., were discovered to be on fire, on the
night of the 24th ult., at a depth of 300 feet, where
several barrels of tar were .stored. For a time the fi
burned furiously, but was finally extinguished ; 250
men and boys were employed in this mine. On the
night of the 25th, a fire broke out in the Tunnel Level
of the Summit Branch colliery, at Williamstown, Pa.
W early 600 men were employed at this colliery.
The Missouri State Lunatic Asylum, near St. .Joseph,
was destroyed by fire on the afternoon of the 24th ult.
Ihe patients, 250 in number, were removed to the
court-house. The estimated loss is nearly $300,000.
A dispatch from Fort Robinson announces that the
fugitive Cheyennes were overtaken by the United States
troops, about 45 miles from the fort, they refused to
surrender, and resolutely fought till all but nine of their
number were killed.
It is reported from Washington, that the Commission
appointed to consider the propriety of transferring the
"-■•re of the Indians to the War Department, are equally
ided on the subject— four favoring the transfer, and
four opposed to it. It is expected their reports will be
presented to Congress early next month.
The mortality in this city during the past week
fonj , ^'^"' ^°'^' ^°^ ""* ^^'»e period, there were
d39 deaths.
Markets, <f-c.— The government bond market has beer
considerably excited during the past week, and a gen
eral decline in prices of old bonds, in consequence of
their being rapidly refunded. It is said to be the in-
tention to fund, at 4 per cent, interest, all the bonded
he may j.in his efforts to those of faithful
J^riends elsewhere, in checking the dissemina-
tion of doctrines and practices at variance
with the original piinciples of the Society.
Unless a concern in this direction should con-
tinue and prevail among Friends, the conse-
quences to our Society, we believe will be
disastrous. Tho Head of tho Church is able
to take care of his own cause ; and if we prove
unfaithful, will raise up others to proclaim to
the world his Truth; but his language to jw
may be, "I created thee a noble vine, wholly
debt, except the 4J per cents of 1891. The subscrip
tions to the 4 per cents, amounted on the 25th ult. to over
fourteen million dollars. Arrangements were also made
during the week, for placing them abroad. The quota-
tions on the 25th were, for sixes, 1881, 107 ; 5's, regis-
tered, 105J- ; do. coupon, 106f ; 4.V per cents, 1061 • 4 per
centos, lOOJ a 1001^ ; 5-20 coupons, 1867, 102 ; do. 1868,
Cotton.--Sales of middlings, 91 a 9| cts. per pound
for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum.— Crude 8 cts. in barrels, and standard
hite, 9| cts. for export, and llj a 12i cts. per gallon
for home use.
!'ll"/-^^^'""^''°'''' *^'''^' ^'^■'^^ ^ *4.75 ; Penna. $4.50
$4.75; Ohio, #4.75 a $.5..50; patent and other high
grades, $5.50 a $7.50. Rye flour, $2.02,^ a $2.87^.
Grain.— Wheat firmly held. Penna. red $1.05 a
$1.05| ; amber, $1.06 a $1.06J. Corn, 42J a 44 cts per
bushel. Oats, 30 a 32 cts. '
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothv, 65 a 75 cts. per 100
pounds ; mixed, 45 a 60 cts. Straw, 65 a 75 cts. per
In. Paris the street traffic is almost suspended
snow. Reports from Brittany, and other French
inces, represent that heavy snow-falls are intern
telegraphic and railway communication.
It is stated that from the debris of their coal
France makes annually 750,000 tons of excellen
and Belgium 500,000 tons.
_ A Geneva dispatch says, that A raerican coals a
ginning to sell there slightly cheaper than Frenc
German coals, and are much superior to them
American locomotive, burning anthracite coal,
ning at Geneva.
A general commercial collapse is feared in Sw
Thousands of persons have been thrown out of c
ment, and further failures are daily expected.
It is reported in Berlin that Prince Bismarcl
decided to withdraw the Parliamentary Disciplin
leaving the matter to the Reichstag.
Russian and German medical journals state thi
east of Europe is in a state of great alarm at the
gress of what they allege to be the plague,
rapidly making its way upwards towards the nortl
east of Ru.ssia, from the Caspian Sea along the coui
the Volga. There is said to be a great want of ex
enced medical men in Russia, about one-third o
doctors having died in the recent war, and a
number of young students have been summoned
hospitals and medical schools to take their places.
The Russian and Turkish governments have ag
to the clause of the definitive treaty of peace, stipuli
that the Russians shall evacuate Turkey within th
five days of the signature of the treaty.
Advices from Kio Janeiro to the 7th ult., state
drought and small-pox are increasing in the nortl
provinces.
CORRECTION.— In last number of "The Erie,
page 191, near the middle of Ist column, for 1 Cor,
read ii.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelpi
PhysicianandSuperintendent— JohnC. Hall.Ii
Applications for the Admission of Patients
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boar
Managers.
Makkied, on the 5th of 12th month, 1878, accorc
to the order of Friends, at Spring River, Kansas, Jj
A. Carter, to Delphina Stanley, daughtei
Samuel Stanley.
, on the 25th of 12th mo. 1878, accordii
the order of Friends, at Spring River, Kansas, Hib
T. Pickett, of Cottonwood, to Serena Picki
daughter of Benjamin Pickett, of Spring River.
100 pound:
Beef cattle were in fair demand, 2500 head arrived
and sold at 5^ a 6 cts. for extra ; 4^- a 5 cts. for fair to
good, and 3 a 4 cts. per pound gross for common.
Sheep, 4 a 5i cts. per pound as to condition. Hogs, 51
a 5} cts. as to quality.
Foreign.— The weather in Great Britain has been
very .severe the past week, and continues so, conse-
quently the applications for relief for the distressed
poor have greatly increased.
One thousand three hundred colliers at Merthyrand
Aberdare have struck work. There were 177 strikes in
England last year, against 181 in 1877.
An action has been brought by the owners of the
Ueam tug Admiral against the United States ship Con-
stitution, to recover 1500 pounds for salvage. The sum
of 200 pounds had been tendered to the owner.s of the
tug, but it was rejected.
i^rance.- Before the adjournment of the Chamber of
Deputies on the 24tli ult., the Minister of Public In-
struction presented a bill making primary education
obligatory after tho first oflSSO.
Died, at his residence in Exeter, Berks Co. Pa
the 11th of 10th mo. 1878, James Lee, in the 8
year of his age, an esteemed member of Exeter Mont
Meeting. He was firmly attached to the ancient pji
ciples and doctrines of Friends, and being of a soi
and pleasing disposition, was endeared to a nn
circle of friends. During the decline of his healthl
was preserved in patience and tenderness of spirit, a
passing quietly away has left his friends the comfort;
belief that his end was peace.
, at her residence, near West Grove, on the l-
of 11th mo. 1878, Martha H. Linton, widow
Nathan Linton, an elder and member of New Garc
Monthly and West Grove Particular Meeting, .
63d year of her age.
, at his residence in Martin's Ferry, Ohio, on li
14th of 12th mo. 1878, Benjamin Hoyle, in the G'.i
year of his age, a member of Short Creek Monthly a
Concord Particular Meeting. He was a man of a
and Christian spirit, firmly attached to the princip
of Friends, and dnrin? a long and suffering illness
was vrry pati,.,U an,l ,.ho,Tl„l, never being knowA
comphLui tlin„i-li all, but l,„r<. bis allliction with aco
posnrcllial assured his laiMiiy and friends th.it he y
through inliuite mercy, prepared to enter into that ;
which remaineth for the people of God.
, in Camden, New .Jersev, on the 31st of Ihe 12
mo. 1878, Rebecca Troth, widow of Jacob' Troth
the 92d year of her age, a member of Haddonfi'e
Monthly Meeting. She was of a meek and quiet spir
and much attached to the principles of Friends. H
.surviving relatives believe that she was prepare
through laith in a crucified Redeemer, for a place
the mansions of peace and rest reserved in heaven f
the righteous.
WILLIAM H. PILE,'' printer" "
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
OL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SECOND MONTH
NO. 26.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY,
if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra 13 charged for
Postage on tho^e sent by mail.
Sjbscriptions and Paymonta received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
rO. 116 SORTH FOURTH STREET, UP 3TAIES.
PHILADELPHIA.
iioiiies of Profane Writers to the rreilibility of the
! New Testaineut.
\icled from Home's Introduction to the Holy
riptures.
(Concluded from page 195.)
j Some of the Roman historians, whose works
come down to our time, are defective.
us is partiuulai'ly the case with Livy and
ins, from whom we cannot expect any
itive of events that have reference to the
I of Christ, or to any great occurrence
took place about that time. For Livy
le only to the commencement of Augus-
'reign, which was fte/ore the lime of Christ;
pquently he could not record so memor-
an event as that of a census throughout
cloman empire, which did not take place
! the thirtieth year of Augustus's reign,
no notice could be taken of that traosao-
by Tacitus, because he does not go so far
i as Augustus. His Annals begin with
[eign of Tiberius, and continue to the death
Bro : his books of History begin where the
als terminate, and conclude with Ves-
in's expedition against the Jews. For
knowledge of the transactions intervening
'een the close of Livy and the commence-
t of Tacitus, we are indebted to Velleius
rculus, Florus, Plutarch, Dion Cassius,
in, and others, who lived long after the
of Augustus, and who compiled their
fries from such materials as they could
mand. Florus, in particular, is only an
eviator of Livy, from whom little conse-
tly can be expected. Though Velleius
rculus advances a little further, yet he is
ily an epitomiser; and as Justin, who
ished in the reign of the emperor An-
lus Pius, only abridged the history of
JUS Pompeius, which he did not continue,
annot, therefore, expect any information
him relative to the birth of Christ. Ap-
has altogether omitted Judfea in the de-
ition which he has left us of the lioman
re. These facts will account for the
ce of the generality of the pagan writers
erning the events related in the Gospel
)ry : while the express, authentic, and
line statement of Tacitus, already given,
ishes an indisputable testimony to the
that Jesus Christ lived and was crucified
ng the reign of Tiberius.
he preternatural darkness of three hours
3h prevailed in the land of Judfoa at the
1 of Christ's crucifixion, and which has
I recorded by three of the evangelists, is
unnoticed by any profane historian : from
which circumstance Gibbon has taken occa
sion to insinuate that the evidence of the
evangelists is not sufficient to establish the
truth of facts, unless it is supported by the
concurrent testimony of pagan contemporary
writers. Speaking of that darkness, he ex-
presses his surprise that this miraculous event
" passed without notice in an age of science and
history. It happened," he adds, "during the
lifetime of Seneca and the elder Pliny, who
must have experienced the immediate effects, or
received the earliest infelligenc. of the prodigy."
This miraculous preternatural darkness did
not pass without notice. Omitting the sup-
posed attestation of it by Phlegon (a pagan
chronologist who wrote during the reign of
the emperor Hadrian, and whose testinijny
is cited by Tertullian, Origen, and Eusebius),
and also the supposed mention of it byThallus
(who lived in the second century), which is
cited by Julius Africanus, a writer of great
eminence an i probity, who lived at the begin-
ning of the third century; — we may remark
that there are two other testimonies not
founded on the statements of Phlegon and
Phallus, which unequivocally con&cm t'heevan-
gelical history of the darkness at the cruci-
fixion, viz. those of Tertullian andCelsus. In
Apology for the Christians, which was
addressed to their heathen adversaries, Tertul-
lian expressly says, " At the moment of Christ's
death, the light departed from, the sun, and the
land was darkened at noon day ; which wonder
is related in your own annals, and is preserved
in your archives to this day." If the account
of this extraordinary darkness had not been
istered, Tertullian would have exposed
both himself to the charge of asserting a false-
hood (which charge was never brought against
m), and also his religion to the ridicule of
his enemies. It is further particularly worthy
remark, that the darkness and earthquake
at the crucifixion are both explicitly rocog
ized and mentioned as facts by that acute ad-
versary of Christianity, Celsus; who would
not have made such an admission, if he could
have possibly denied them.
In addition to the preceding observations,
we may state that many good and solid rea-
sons may bo assigned why profane writers
have 7iot made mention of the darkness at the
crucifixion, which, it is now generally admit-
ted, was confined to the land of Judtea. The
most obvious is, that they might have no suffi-
cient information of it. The provinces of the
Roman empire were very extensive, and we
find, in general, that the attention of writers
was chiefly confined to those which were
nearest to the metropolis. The ancient his-
torians and biographers are remarkably con-
cise, and seldom stop to mention occurrences,
hich, although they may have happened
during the times of which they write, have
relation whatever to their main subject.
This was their general rule, and there is no
reason for which it should be violated merely
to indulge the caprice of the captious, or
satisfy the scruples of the petulant. There
is no more reason in the nature of the thing
itself why the teslimon}' of profane writers
should be called for to support the sacred than
the sacred should be called for to support the
profane. We may then retort the arg imjnt,
and in our turn ask the historian, and those
who have lately circulated his false account
of the progress of Christianity, liow they can
credit the aciounts triven by Palerc.ilus, Pliny
the elder, Valerius Maxim us, and Seneca, when
Matthew, Mark, Luke, an 1 John take not the
least notice of them? But let it be supposed
that the Roman writers had received infor-
mation of the fact in question, it is most pro-
bable that they would have considered it as a
natural occurrence, being accustomed to earth-
quakes and darkness for whole days together,
in consequence of th3 eruption i of Mount
Vesuvius. Or, supposing that they had ba-
lieved it to be a preternatural darkness, would
t have been consistent with their principles
iS heathens to have mentioned it? They
must plainly have foreseen what great ad-
vantage would have been given to Chris-
tianity by it. Their readers would naturally
have been led to inquire into the character of
the extraordinary person, at whose death the
laws of nature were infringed, and this inquiry,
as it would have opened a more complete view
of the new dispensation, must have led to
their conversion. Hence we collect a very
satisfactory reason for their silence. Suppos-
ng that they knew the fact, and from motives
of policy suppressed it, their silence furnishes
IS strong a proof of its truth, as their express
testimony could possibly have done.
In short, there is no history in the world
more certain and indubitable than that con-
tained in the Christian Ssriptures, which is
upported by the concurring testimony, — not
to say of so many men, but of so many dif-
ferent nations, divided, indeed, among them-
ves in other particulars, but all uniting to
confirm the truth of the facts related in the
Gospels. And, therefore, even though the
Christian institution had parished with the
postles, and there were not in the world at
this day so much as one Christian, we should
have the most unquestionable evidence that
the persons and actions recorded in the Gos-
pels, and attested by the concurring voice of
all nations, really existed in the country of
Judaea during the reign of Tiberius, as the
vangelists have assured us.
The venerable Dr. Duflf once read the Ser-
mon on the Mount to a number of Hindu
youths, and when he came to the passage " I
a}'' unto you, love your enemies, bless them
that curse you, do good to them that hate you,
and pray for them that despitefully use you
and persecute you ;" so deep and intense was
the impression produced on one of them that
he exclaimed in ecstacy, "O how beautiful,
how divine! this is the truth!" and for days
202
THE FRIEND.
and weeks he could not help exclaiming, "Ziove
your enemies!" constantly exclaiming, "How
bcaaliful, surely this is the truth."
For "The Friend
Extracted from the writings of Francis
Howgil, by James Backhouse, York, 1828,
and entitled, "To whom the Spirit bears wit-
ness, and seals assurance of the Father's love;
and of justification with God."
"None have the witness of God's Spirit,
bearing witness to them and in them, who
have not believed in Christ, 'the true Light,
that lighteth every man that coraeth into the
world,' whose words are spirit and life; and
by whom the new creature is formed in them
that believe, and who makes his power mani-
fest unto such : for all power in Heaven, and
in earth is committed unto Him, who is the
Light of men ; and nothing was created with-
out Him, neither is any turned from sin but
by Him ; without Him is death, in Him is
life, and none but those who are born of the
Light, can have the Spirit of Christ to bear
witness unto them; for only they that are
born of the Spirit, and walk after the Spirit,
are jusi.ified by the Spirit of the Lord ; for the
assurance of his love is not made manifest to
his enemies, but unto them that are born in
his image, in his own likeness and nature; to
the Holy Seed which is heir of the promise,
which knows the living hope that purifies the
heart, and brings the answer of a good con-
science; to them that witness the washing of
regeneration, having known in themselves
the clean water poured forth upon them,
which hath taken away the stains and defile-
ments; for where these are not washed out,
and where the heart is not cleansed, and
where that is not believed in, in which God's
all-sufficiency is felt, and his power made
manifest, there the assurance of the Father's
love cannot be; neither does his Spirit assure
the justification of such; but on the contrary,
where sin remains unsubdued, the Spirit of
the Father condemns the sin, and th&creature
which is joined to it, and becomes one with it.
For no sin is brought forth, but there is an
assenting to the instigation of the devil : for
when a temptation arises, either within or
without, and there is a resisting and a striv-
ing against it for a time, yet if the heart be
not kept close to the Spirit, the enemy will
enter and captivate the understanding; then
there will be an agreeing with, and a joining to
the adversary, and the Spirit will pronounce
sentence of condemnation upon him who joins
to the wicked one ; and he who has consented
to drink his cup, must drink the cup of the
indignation of tbe Lord, and bear the stroke
of divine justice, and lie in patience under it,
till that be cut down which hath joined in
with the deceit, before there can be a remission
of transgression, or the creature justified in the
sight of God. For sin is not blotted out of the
book of God's remembrance till it be repented
of, and turned from; neither doth the crea-
ture stand clear in the sight of God, when God
condemns in righteous judgment, which the
Light in every one's conscience shall answer
to. Now, ' whosoever is born of God doth
not commit sin, for his Seed remaineth in
him,' which is Life; and as the creature
joins in that Seed, which is heir of the king-
dom, and of the crown immortal, he comes to
be made partaker of its virtue and operation;
which Seed is Christ, to whom all power is
committed, and who by his power, as it is be-
lieved in, limits the seed of the serpent, and
weakens his strength in the creature, and dis-
annuls the covenant which he has made with
death; and as the creature comes to be de-
livered from corruption, and the new man
comes to live ; the new creature, which is born
of God, comes to be framed and fashioned in
the image of the Father, and the Father's love
is manifested to him, and in him, and he hath
the assurance in himself. He that is begotten
of the Father in Christ the Seed, through the
Spirit, he and he alone, comes to feel the Father's
love made manifest in him, and is justified in the
sight of the Father ; and hath His assurance
and evidence near him and in him ; and when
the enemy comes to tempt and assault, and
would raise up doubts in the mind of him that
hath this evidence, it is near to assure him
that he is in the love of God. Blessed and
happy are all they that have waited for, and
have felt these things, and who are witnesses
of them, for flesh and blood hath not revealed
them."
Thus is the way fitly described, whereby
the early Friends gained and retained the
victory, and our dominion in the Truth, and
Truth's dominion in the Society can only be
maintained as Friends are brought again to
the ancient standard of our early Friends.
Samuel Ciiadbourne.
Millville, Orleans Co., N. Y., 1st mo. 24th, 1879.
For " The Frlt-nJ "
Early Steam Navigation on the Atlantic.
(Conclii(i'->d from page 194.)
" One of the immediate consequences of
this discussion was the establishment of a
company for starting a line of steamers from
the Mersey to New York. It received the
title of the ' British and North American
Steam Navigation Company.' The forma-
tion of the undertaking was somewhat sudden,
owing to the ancient rivalry between Liver-
pool and Bristol. The city on the Avon, an-
cient home of the American trade, had been
bestirring itself for some time to get steam
navigation with the United States, and a num-
ber of wealthy merchants, it was known, were
constructing a ship of extraordinary dimen-
sions to be the pioneers of the new line. The
Liverpool shipowners, headed by M'Gregor
Laird, decided to take the field before their
Bristol rivals. There was no time to build a
steamer in any way like the one constructing
for Bristol, and they therefore decided to
purchase the best existing one. This was, by
unanimous consent, the Sirius, belonging to
the St. George Steam Navigation Company.
Negotiations concluded quickly, the price
asked being at once accepted, and so it came
that the steamer Sirius left London, at the
shortest notice, on the morning of 4th month
4th, 1888, bound for New York, but touching
on the way at her old destination, Cork.
Liverpool had beaten Bristol in sending the
first English steamer across the Atlantic.
"But the victory was not one of many days.
No sooner became the Bristol merchants
awaro of the Liverpool project, when the
utmost haste was made to start their own
steamer, named the Great Western. They
were duly proud of their own achievement,
for it was, beyond dispute, not only by far the
most splendid steamer yet constructed, but
the only one designed, with all scientific ap-
pliances, for Atlantic navigation. The Great
Western was built by Patorson, of Bristol,
after his own designs, but assisted by Brunei,
the registered burthen being of 1340 tons,
the power of the engines — made by Mauds
Sons & Field, London — of 440 horses. '
new steamer was 212 feet in length betw
the perpendiculars, 35J feet in breadtl
beam, and 23 feet deep in the hold. To
able the Great Western to resist the actio!
the heavy Atlantic waves, special pains vi
taken to give her great longitudinal stren;
The ribs were of oak, on the model of th
of line-of-battle ships, and fastened toget
with iron bolts 24 feet in length. Boiuj
such great strength, and of the most sym
trical porportions, the Great Western
prepared for her first voyage across with
highest hopes of success, and she mora ti
surpassed all the expectations set upon I
By working day and night, she was m
ready for the start about the same time
Sirius set out on her voyage. Still a few d
elapsed in taking in cargo, as well as pas:
gers, thus giving the rival steamer a g
start. It was on the morning of the 7tl
4th mo. 1838, that the Great Western, c(
manded by Captain Hosken, finally lifted
anchors, steaming down the Channel, boi
for New York, amid the enthusiastic
mation of the Bristol populace.
" There was now a race across the Atlat
— the first ocean race b}' steamships wh'
the world ever saw. Close upon twei
3'ears had elapsed since the first steamer 1|
ploughed her way through the Atlantic wav
and, in the meanwhile, the public seemed
if asleep on the subject of Atlantic ste,
navigation, disliking it, or in common w'
the learned Dr. Lardner, looking upon it a:
voyage to the moon — lunatic, in fact. Nc|
all at once, sudden as by enchantment, <\
public heard that two rival steamers wl
going from England to America at the saj
time, and great was the anxiety to kuj
which of them would be the first to arri i
For a week or more nothing else was tallij
of in all England but the steam race acril
the Atlantic. The race was altogether ij
an uneven one. Although the Sirius hadlj
her moorings on the 4th of 4th mo., and 1|
Great Western on the 7th, the former v\
under the disadvantage of going round t
whole coast of southern England, and also'
stopping at Cork, before actually starting:
her Atlantic voyage, while a still great
drawback, on her part, was that of beinj
much smaller vessel than the Great Weste
with far less engine power, and not speciaJ
constructed for her new duties. The publ
excitement rose to the highest pitch wheil
week had elapsed after the starting of the tk
steamers from Cork and Bristol respectivai
without their having been spoken with. 13
captains of both steamers, it was found afljl
wards, had taken new i-outes across the Ji
lantic, somewhat out of the track of easteril
bound sailing vessels, in order to getquickji
to their destination. But this was not knoll
at the time, and the gloomiest forebodings Ij
came rife, when at last the happy news cai
of the safe arrival of both at New York will
n twenty-four hours of each other. Livi
pool had started first, and Liverpool had w
the race. I'
"The historical event of the arrival oft
two first English steamers in the Uniti
States was thus chronicled in one of the Nii
York papers: — 'At three o'clock p. m.,
Sunda}', the 22d of April, the Sirius first dlj
d the land, and early on Monday morni|
THE FRIEND.
203
23d, anchored in the North River, imme- corded, that " He continued all night in prayer
,ely off the Battery. The moment the to God." He interceded for bimon Peter,
' saying, " I have prayed for thee, that th}'
faith fail not." The whole of xvii. .ch. of
John is a prayer of touching pathos, life and
power. At His betrayal, it is recorded, that
Being in an agony, he prayed more earnestly
Uigence was made known hundreds and
isands rushed, earlj- in the morning, to
Battery. Nothing could exceed the cx-
ment. The river was covered during the
)lo day with row-boats, skiffs and yawls,
•ying the wondering people out to get a
e view of this extraordinary vessel. And
le people were yet wondering how the
us was so successfully made to cross the
e Atlantic, it was announced about eleven
Monday morning, from the telegraph, that
lUge steamship was in the ofBng. The
.at Western ! the Great Western ! was on
rybody's tongue. About two o'clock p. M.,
first curl of her ascending smoke fell on
eyes of the thousands of anxious specta-
j, and a shout of enthusiasm rose on the
The reporter then goes on to tell how
rius had steamed at the rate of over
3t knots, and the Great Western at nearly
to or from the earth; showing that "the
effectual, fervent prayer of a righteous man
availeth much." He can shower down bless-
ings in answer to these petitions, so that there
shall not be room enough to receive them.
Then may we through diligence, inward-
ness, and fervency of spirit, increasingly re-
and his sweat was as it were great drops of alize how sweet it js, to pour out the over-
blood falling down to the ground." His fol-
lowers—the righteous ofevery age and genera-
tion— have exemplified their fidelity and obe-
dience to Him in spirit, by much filial faith-
fulness in this great duty. For instance, the
Scriptures record prayers of Abraham, of
Jacob, Moses, Hannah, Samuel, Elisha, Hezo-
kiah, Jabez, Isaiah, with many others. The
Psalmist declares, " As for me [ will call upon
God;" "Evening, and morning, and at noon
will I pray, and cry aloud." The prophet
Daniel "kneeled upon his knees three times
day, and praj-ed, and gave thanks before
Jonah testifies : " When my soul
burdened or sorrowful feelings of the soul into
the bosom of a tender and pitying Father.
And may the language of each of oar hearts
more and more be —
Then to that Fountain's sacred spring.
My clialice let me humbly bring;
And prostrate seek, in earnest prayer.
The streams of heavenly grace to share."
his God
3 knots per hour during the greater part fainted within me, I remembered the Lord
■ ns it as his opinion that 'and my prayer came in unto t
her voyage, ^ ^
grand experiment has now been fairly
fully settled, and has been completely
cessfuL' Only one question, ho thought,
5 now left for solution : Can steam packets
made to pay? This was a question also
apying the deep attention of the enterpris-
traders of Liverpool and Bristol, origina-
3 of Atlantic steam navigation."
thee, into thy
For "Tlio Friend."
Tiioughts and Feelings.
PRAYER.
The fervent feeling of devout prayer, and
vely silent or vocal exercise, is of incal-
able importance to beings poor, and wholly
Dendent as we are upon a Power that is
lighty ; upon a Fountain that is incxhaust
B ; upon a love and mercy that are new
sry morning; upon a help and strength
de perfect in our weakness.
The apostle enjoins, " Continue in prayer,
d watch in thesame with thanksgiving."
3 have thought sometimes, that to " continue
prayer," as Paul here recommends, and as
no less commends to in the precept, " Pray
'hout ceasing ;" was practically carried out
the example of good old Mordecai, when
sat at the king's gate clothed in sackcloth ;
is fulfilled in the language of the Psalmist
iien he writes : " The eyes of all wait upon
lee, and thou givest them their portion of
;at in due season ;" and again when, con-
i-ning himself, he declares, "As the hart
ntet'h after the waterbrooks, so panteth my
al after thee, O God." It was exemplified
the sighs and cries of those, spoken of by
e prophet, upon the foreheads of whom
,he mark" of preservation was to be set ; in
e experience of the watchman who declares:
' stand continually upon the watch-tower in
e day time, and am set in my ward whole
ghts;" and in the blessing of being "filled,"
omised to those " who hunger and thirst
ler righteousness." These, though not all
le time offering " the calves of their lips,"
lere nevertheless in a state of watchfulness
3to prayer ; waiting to hear the Bridegroom's
)ice, and then to obey.
How invaluable the example the dear Sa-
has set us relative to this great duty ! —
holy temple." With much "assurance of
faith," and in lively zeal, the apostle Paul di-
rects how this solemn duty is to be performed;
and then in his own practice so examples, that
he who runs may read. He writes to the
Komans, " We know not what we should pray
for as we ought: but the Spirit itself maketh
ntercession for us with groanings which can-
not be uttered." Again to the E))hesians:
Praying always with all prayer and suppl'
cation in the Spirit, and watching thereunto
with all perseverance," &c. Exemplifyin;
his pastoral care for the flock over which th
Holy Ghost had made him an overseer, he
writes to the Romans. "Without ceasing I
make mention of you always in my prayers."
To the Epheaians: " I cease not to give thanks
for you, making mention of you in my pray-
ers." Again, to the same : " I bow my knees
unto the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, that
he would grant you," &c. To the Thessa-
lonians, he declares, " We give thanks to God
always for you all, making mention of you in
our prayers," &c. To Timothy, he conveys :
" Without ceasing I have remembrance of
thee in my prayers night and day." And to
Philemon similar language to the above is
used.
While these prayers were no doubt among
those of the saints that helped to make up the
"golden vials full of odors," to be offered
" upon the golden altar which was before the
throne," how should they stir us up to einu
lation, not indeed in any formal offering like
drawing nigh unto the Lord with the lips,
while the heart is far from Him ; but in inciting
to introversion, to humility of mind, to watch
fulness over ourselves, to wrestling untiring
ly, and even to importunity with the true
spirit of supplication and prayer, that so due
homage — that of grateful hearts and contrite
spirits — may be offered as acceptable sacrifice
upon his altar, " who is glorious in holiness,
fearful in praises, doing wonders."
We are assured, that the more any are en
gaged to approach unto Him, the Omniscient
Holy One, in the true lowliness and meekness
of obedient souls, the more will they experi-
ence of the calmness and resignation, the re-
pose and peace — as precious fruits of sincere
prayer — that flow from Him, who is a God
our
le He both taught and practised. H _, „, i-.-j--
at "ilen ouo-ht always to pray and not to that heareth such intercessions, a,nd can, as
. ... » ■ ~^ iL TT7--.., i_ _- 1 - +u.,+ T-« 1 :.i +1-,/-, A>.iaQ r»r Rlina — " n mfin siihiect, to like
Ao-ain, "Watch and pray that ye lin the case of Elias,—" a man subject to like
Iter not Into temptation." It is also re- 1 passions as we are,"— give or withhold rain
Toais of Fire, and how tliey Burned.
Even if we were to tell you whereabouts in
England the village of Locksken was situ-
ited, you might still fail to find it on the map;
so we will say nothing about it, except that
t was a good-sized place, not quite so strag-
gling and old fashioned as manj' English vil-
lage's, and with a few neat little shops, as well
as a street or two of cottages.
In one of these cottages there lived a laborer
and his wife, and their only child, a boy of
nine or ten years of age.
Tommy Ruffhed was, we are sorry to say,
a most troublesome fellow. His saucy face,
with its apple cheeks and twinkling ej'es, was
known — not alone in his own village, but for
several miles round — as the face of the most
tiresome, naughty boj^ in the county.
Even the dumb animals knew Tommy, and
this not at all in a flattering way. Widow
Brown's cow, that grazed so quietly on the
green, and never looked up when other folks
wont by, became quite angry and active when
Tommy appeared ; and she frightened him on
one occasion terribly, by galloping after him
half way down the street.
The cocks and hens ran away as quickly as
they could as soon as they saw Tom. The
ducks took to the water, the cats climbed
trees, the dogs ran to their kennels and growl-
ed till he was out of sight ; and even the geese
stretched out their long necks and hissed as
he went by. So from all this we may see that
Tom was not a favorite in the village, but
that, in fact, he was reckoned the greatest
tease and torment in the whole place.
Now, not far from — Ruffhed's cottage
stood a small shop, kept by a barber, a good
old man, who commonly went by the name
of " Father Snip," and who did a pretty fair
business npon the thriving heads and beards
of the villagers and farmers.
Wo have said that Father Snip was both
old and good, but neither his goodness nor
his age could protect him from our Tom's
pranks.
The barber had a neat little garden at the
back of his house, and a fine apple tree that
o-rew there had long been a great attraction
to Tom. Autumn drew on apace, and the
fruit with which the tree was laden began to
turn rosy and to glisten in the red sunset,
wheneverTom came outof school, and glanced
up with longing eyes. The temptation grew
stronger every day, as all temptations do
when they are not resisted, and soon the boy
felt that he could not rest until he had secured
some of the apples.
One day, when he was quite sure that the
barber was busy with a customer, he stole
round to the back, climbed over the low fence
204
THE FRIEND.
into the litllo p;arden, and in a moment more
was underthe apple tn e, and filling his pockets
with the fruit. Uis pockets licldagood many,
and he was so busy stuffing them, and a little
bag he had brought with him, that he did not
notice that he had dropped his handkerchief,
a smart printed one, which his mother had
lately bought, and marked with his full name
across one corner. When Tom had picked
as many as ho cou'd carry, he saw that he
had nearly stripped the lower branches.
" The barber will never find out who took
them," said the boy to himself, as he got over
the little fence and set off toward home ; but
Tom forgot how many secret things are
brought to light through the overruling'power
of God, and how man'y faults are suffered to
lead to their own detection.
" Tom, ray boy," said his mother, one morn-
ing, a week or two after Tom's visit to the
apple tree, "your hair is growing very lon^T
and untidy, and you had better step in at the
barber's, on your way home from school, and
have it cut."
Tom, of course, made some objections, but
his mother insisted, and so there was nothin ,
for it but to put a bold face on the matter and
do as he was told.
Ho had not courage, however, to go alone,
but after school asked a small boy, a friend of
his, to go with him. " I needn't be so afraid,"
said Tom to himself, as the two boys entered
the shop together; " no one saw mo tako the
apples."
Father Snip's manner was just as usual ;
ho was quite as pleasant and chatty as ever,
and Tom breathed more freely as the old man
clipped the untidy ends of his hair, and talked
so kindly to him.
" Just wait one moment," said the barber, as
Tom, with his neatly cropped head, was mak-
ing for the door, after paying his two-pence.
" Wait one moment," repeated the old man,
" I have something for you ;" and opening a
cupboard ho took out a little basket alid
hastily left the room. After a few minute ,
however, he returned, and put the basket into
Tom's hands.
"I have lately come to know," said he,
"-ntly, " that your are fond of apples ; please
took in the whole story of repentance and
softened feeling, which Tom could notexpress,
and held out both hands to him.
During the quarter of an hour which fol-
lowed the barber talked to Tom us the boy
had never been spoken to before.
■ Wo cannot repeat what passed, but it may
be well to state that Tom never forgot the
lesson of the apples, but that a change began
in his character and conduct which, after a
while, made every one love instead of dislike
him. — Child's Companion.
take these home and enjoy them.
Tom stared a moment, but he manao-ed to
say "Thank you," and then ran out of the
shop, and home, as fast as possible.
He carried tho basket up to his room,
emptied the apples upon tho bed, and with
them out fell his handkerchief, of which he
had never once thought since the day that
he had taken it out. It was quite clean, and
neatly folded, with tho marked side up, and
now Tommy saw how his theft had been found
out, and how gentle had been the old man's
dealing with him.
A good thrashing would have hurt Tom's
feelings far less than this kind action; as it
was, he was quite overcome, and sitting down
on the side of his bed, he fairly cried, with
shame and self-reproach.
"There's only one thing that I can do,"
cried he, at length, starting up and dryin"-
his eyes. "I must go and tell him what a
kind man he is, and how sorry I am."
Tom did not wait for second thoughts, but
seizing his cap, he ran down stairs and out of
the duor, and in a few minutes he stood on
the threshold of tho shop. Tho old man was
alone, and looking up as tho boy entered, he
saw the flushed, wot checks and eager eyes
MY MOTHER.
I oiiglit to love my mother ;
She loved me long ago ;
There is on earth no otlier
That ever loved me so.
When a weak babe, much trial
I caused her, and much care;
For me no self-denial,
No labor did she spare.
When in my cradle lying,
Or on her loving breast,
She gently hushed ray crying,
And rocked her babe to rest.
When anything has ailed me,
To her I've told my grief;
Her fond heart never failed me
In finding some relief.
What sight is that which, near me.
Makes horns a happy place.
And has sucli power to cheer me ?
It is my mother's face.
What sound i.s that which ever
Makes my young heart rejoice.
With tones which tire me never ?
It is my mother's voice.
My mother ! dearest mother !
She loved me long ago ;
There is on earth no other
Tliat ever loved me so.
I ought to try to please her,
And all her words to mind ;
And never vex or tease her,
Nor speak a word unkind.
When she is ill, to tend her.
My daily care shall be ;
Such help as I can render
Will all be joy to me.
Though I can ne'er repay her
For all her tender care,
I'll honor and obey her
While God my life shall spare.
The Episcopal Recorder.
Selected.
AUTUMN.
I love to wander through the woodlands hoary,
In the soft lights of an antumnal day.
When Summer gathers up her robes of glory.
And like a dream of beauty, glides away.
How through each loved, familiar path she lingers.
Serenely smiling through the golden mist.
Tinting the wild grape with her dewy fingers,
'Till the cool emerald turns to amethyst.
Warm lights are on the sleepy upland waning,
Beneath dark clouds along the horizon rolled,
Till the slant sunbeams, through their fringes raining
Bathe all the hills in melancholy gold.
Beside the brook and on the umbered meadow.
Where yellow fern-tufts fleck the faded ground
With folded lids, beneath their palmy shadow, '
The gentian nods, in balmy slumbers found.'
The little birds upon the hillside lonely,
_Flit noiselessly along from spray to spray.
Silent as a sweet wandering thought, that only
Shows its bright wings, and softly glides away.
The scentless flower.s, in the warm sunlight dreaming
Forget to breathe their fulness of delight, '
And through the tranced woods, soft airs are streaming
Still as the dew-fall of a summer night. '
So in my heart, a sweet unwonted feeling
Stirs like the wind in ocean's hollow shell,
Through all its secret chambers sadly stenling
Yet liiuls no words its mystic charm to tclh'
Polygamy Illegal,
The decision of tho United States Siipniji
Court, in the case of Goo. Eeynolds, of Ut
is an important and satisfac"tory one. G
Reynolds had been convicted of violating
law against polygamy, and appealed to
Supreme Court, basing his appeal on
ground of religious belief, and hoping ■
court would decide that tho law was in c
flict with the provision of the constitut
which says, "Congress shall make no I
regulating an establishment of religion,
prohibiting the free exercise thereof."
Chief Justice Waite, in deciding the law
Congress to be constitutional, makes the 1
owing sensible remarks:
" Laws are made for the government of,
tions, and while they cannot interfere w:
mere religious belief and opinions, they m
with practices. Suppose one religiously 1
lieved that human sacrifices were a necessa
part of religious worship, would it besorioug
contended that the civil Government und
which he lived could not interfere to prove
a sacrifice ? Or, if a wife religiously boliev
it was her duty to burn herself upon t
funeral pile of her dead husband, would it
beyond the power of the civil Government
prevent herfrom carrying her belief into prt
tice? So here, society, under the exclut<i
dominion of the United States, prescribes
. law of its organization that plural mt'
iages shall not be allowed. Can a man e
cuse his practices to the contrary because
his religious belief? To permit this woa
be to make the doctrines of religious beli
superior to the law of the land, and, in efr^.(
to permit every citizen to become a law ub
himself Government could exist only ;
name under such circumstances.'
For " The Friend"
_ Having lately met with a small book, eij
titled, "Meditations and Experiences," Ac,
by William Shewen, of London. I felt pa
suadod that some of them would be beneficii
to the readers of " The Friend," and aceorc]
ingly have copied some for insertion, if th'
Contributors approve of them. And if so, th
following account of him would bo interesting
as he m&y not be known to many.
George Whiting, who was personally af
quainled with him, advert ing to the events c
1695, says : " This year died, William Shewe.
of London, he was a very serviceable man oi
truth's account, several ways, and an elder
the church ; of a sound judgment and undei
standing in the Truth, and had very clea
openings in relation to the work of it; an(
also of Satan's wiles to hurt and hinder thi
progress in it, having had long experience o)
both, and therefore could advise and direct
tho Christian traveller, how to keep in the
one, and be preserved out of the snares of the
other; and wrote several seasonable and
perimental treatises. Ho died in peace with,'
the Lord, and unity with his people, aboulj !■
the sixty-fourth year of his age." ■ ,'
M. B.
It is a blessed state, to know the eye of thelli
mind, not only opening, but opened; thereby
is abilil^yand wisdom witnessed to read in the
book of life, wherein all the treasures of wis
dom and knowledge are hid ; and ho or shfl
that kuoweth this light shining, this eyfl
opened in them, walks and stumbles notJ|a(
This Eye and Light within, is that which^
THE FRIEND.
^05
istendom too much despise and reject,
efore walk in darkness and stumble, and
w not wbither they go. Whilst we cur-
es did so, we were darkness, walked in it,
our feet stumbled upon the dark moun-
s.
hat which shut and stopped this Eye, and
sened this Light within. In the beginning,
sin and transgression, whereby mankind
the sight and enjoyment of their Creator,
this I testify that no people upon the
of the earth, come to witness this eye of
mind opened again, but as they come to
erience the power in themselves which
nfies sin, and saveth and redeemeth out of
)8gre.«sion, and are also obedient and sub-
unto it. — William Shewen.
For *■ The FrieDd."
Incidents and Reflections.— No. II.
DIVINE GUIDANCE.
nna Shipton in one of her little books re-
s an incident, which was the means of
reying spiritual instruction to herself; and
eh illustrates the manner in which the
•d often leads his obedient children i
7 which they know not, and of the results
vhich they had no anticipation,
he says : — " DeathYell suddenly on a sweet
mising child whom I loved. This event
n certain distressing circumstances con
ted with it, deeply affected me."
The daj' before the burial, which speedily
owed, 1 awoke with an indescribable long-
to look again upon the little one, so lately
.^htening my sick chamber with her smiles
pretty ways, and lisping her happy hymn
my side.
1 was slowly recovering from a lengthened
ess, and it seemed more natural to reserv
renewed strength for the living, and avoid
icene which would only distress me.
Id not see any ultimate advantage to
ived from what seemed the gratification of
lorbid feeling; while I shrank from the
g which I knew would be the result. Yet
ill desired to go.
Judging myself, and oppressed by eon
ing feelings, I prayed for the impression
be removed ; but it deepened, and I felt 1
tit go, and that at once."
The sun shone bright and clear, and
rkled on the first sharp frost of autumn ;
ground was dry and crisp beneath my
;, the sky was blue and cloudless; all
med gladsome, but my heavy heart. A
it forth to take my last look at the dear
3 I should behold no more until the dawn
the morning without clouds, I walked to
carriage-stand. There was but one in the
ghborhood, and that was at a little distance
my lodgings. When I reached it, there
} only one coachman there, who demanded
his fare nearly double the sum I had
ught with me, to convey me to my desti
ion. He endeavored to jjersuade me that
distance was considerably beyond that
icated to me.
Outwardly this appeared a token that 1
uld return, but after some conflict I con
red that the object for which I had prayed
still unattained, and that therefore cir-
nstances ought not to deter me. Vainly I
isidered; no expedient came to ray mind
ippeared that I must walk as I best could
i trust to some means of conveyance on the
d for my return.
' On inquiry 1 found that there was a by
road, which made a shorter route to the place
I sought, and receiving my directions to fol-
low it, I went on my way.
"1 reached the house where the angel of
death had carried the youngest and fairest
from the home circle. There was more to
sadden me in the living than the sight of the
pale placid face and shrouded form laid in its
little white coffin.
"The children of the family hung about
me, and listened lovingly and tearfully to my
words, as I spoke to "them of the Saviour of
little children.
" I was very weary, and would gladly have
prolonged my visit, but I was not invited. I
set forth again, understanding better the wis-
dom and tender love of this sudden and hith-
erto mysterious dispensation.
"As it was a bj'-road, I watched in vain for
a vehicle of any description to help me on my
way ; only one passed me, and the driver took
DO heed of my weak voice.
" I remembered that leading out of the direct
route was a pleasant seat, sheltered by the
trunks of some old lime trees, which, if I could
reach them, would afford me rest until I were
able to proceed.
"I approached the spot, and found it occu-
pied by a rough looking wayfaring man, whom
at first sight I mistook for a beggar. As I
drew nearer 1 perceived that he had an open
book b}' his side, which he closed abruptly at
my approach, as if my presence there had dis-
turbed him. I paused in some uncertainty
whether I should proceed, for he turned to
wards mo, and appeared to regard me sternly.
It was not really so. His pallid face was
drawn with paralysis, and one arm hung
helplessly by his side. Lines of thought, and
tare, and pain, which were graven on his brow
and around his mouth, at first sight gave him a
repulsive and almost fierce expression.
"I glanced at the book partially covered
with his coat. I felt sure that it was a well-
worn Bible. My doubts all vanished, and I
took my seat beside him.
"'You have a good companion there,' I
said, pointing to the Bible.
"Ho did not reply immediately, but looked
keenly at me, and drawing the book nearer
to him he answered, 'Yes; it comforts me.'
" 'You are better off than I,' I continued,
showing him a pocket edition of ' God's Pro-
mises,' which I held towards him. He looked
closely at it, and glanced at its contents, turn-
ingoverthe leaves leisurely. After a moment's
pause, he gave it me again, with a kindly smile
that lighted up his face like sunshine upon a
rugged mountain, as he said —
" 'Ah, but you have God's promises written
in your heart : I know it.'
" I wondered how he knew it. However,
the words were re assuring, and I inquired
what he was reading when I interrupted him.
"'I was comparing Acts i. 8; Acts ii. 33 ;
John i. 2.'
"And now his whole countenance kindled
with delight, and he spoke with that sudden
vivacity that wakes up the whole nature when
unexpectedly one hails a friend in a land of
strangers. And then he said slowly, as if
weighing every word —
" ' Sanctificaiion, the work of the Holy Spi-
rit alone, enables man to walk in holiness of
life.' 'Believers are expected to be holy, for
" without holiness no man shall see the Lord."
"Whatsoever is born of God overcometh the
world, even our faith." '
"I listened, not seeing this was the very
truth I needed, and that the indwelling of the
Holy Spirit in the temple of God was the only
way by which fellowship with the Lord could
be attained and retained."
" I felt that the Lord had led me there, and
I rejoiced in his evident guidance in bringing
me into communion with the wayfarer ; but
it was not until long afterwards that I recog-
nized in him a teacher 'sent from God.'
"I inquired how long he had known Jesus
as his Saviour. He replied: 'I was born of
God-fearing jjarents, and I have good reason
to believe that I have a father, mother, wife,
and six children, waiting for me with Jesus.
For twenty-eight years I have known Christ ;
but I knew I was a sinner before then. And
now,' he said triumphantly, as one that find-
eth great spoil, 'I know why the Holy Spirit
was given to us when Jesus returned to the
Father: for our sanctification, so thut Christ
may dwell with us.'"
" The traveller went on to tell me that the
preceding day he was discharged from a hos-
pital as incurable. The doctor had recom-
mended him change of air ; so he had risen at
five o'clock that morning. Partly walking,
and assisted by a seat in a wagon, he had
travelled more than twenty miles to spend a
day in the country, believing, as he said, that
by God's blessing it would help him.
"Y'ears before, he had known this spot
where we had met, and it was on his mind to
rest here, and take his scanty meal. I drew
from him reluctantly of what it consisted,
and found that two stale rolls wei-e his only
provision.
"He had formerly been a brush-maker, but
paralysis had compelled him to relinquish his
trade" He bad been a patient in several hos-
pitals without any relief, and long had been
the trial of his faith; but he related all with
thankfulness for what it had worked out for
him.
"The shadows had lengthened when I rose
from my rest beneath the old limes. Before
leaving I related to my companion the cir-
cumstances which had contributed to bring
me there, and placed my carriage fare, which
was all I had, in his hand. The tears, which
had not fallen as he related his sorrows, flow-
ed as he looked at the coin. Ho saw in it
God's careful love over his children, and the
guidance of that Spirit of promise whose
work and might he had so lately proclaimed."
A Roman Catholic's appreciation of the Bible.
— During last summer the bequest of a thou-
sand dollars, left by the late Bartolomeo
Blanco, was paid into the treasury of the
American Bible Society. B. Blanco was not
only a staunch Catholic during his whole life,
but also manifested his firm adherence to the
faith in which he had been brought up by be-
queathing to each of the Koman Catholic
churches in the city and county of New York
the sum of 1500, making in the aggregate a
very large amount. His sympathies, how-
ever, took a wider range than his own church,
as was shown by a legacy of S3000, to be dis-
tributed by the mayor to the poor of New
York, without regard to nationality or faith,
and his bequest of glOOO to the American
Bible Society for its benevolent work.
This legacy will be used in circulating the
Scriptures among the adherents of the Cath-
olic churches in this country and in South
America and Mexico, as there is an incrcas-
20G
THE FRIEND.
ing demand for the Bible among the membera
of this eominuuion. — Bible Society Record.
Flying Squirrels,
During mj' first j-ear in college, I became
the owner of three flj'iug squirrels, and soon
found that they could afford as much amuse-
ment, and do as much mischief as a monkey ;
and, during the time that I owned them, we
were never tired of watching them.
I kept them in the trap in which they were
caught, a common wire rat-trap, with a door
at each end. This I placed upon a bracket
on the wall, between the two windows of the
room, so that they could reach it easily, by
running up the window-curtains, and jumping
from them to the cage. In a short time they
became so tame that the cage was fastened
open, and left so all the time, and every night
about daybreak, they would run up the cur-
tain, jump into the cage, and curl up under
the cotton with which it was filled, and sleep
all day, rolled up with their tails wrapped
around their bodies and covering their heads
so that they looked like little round fur balls
If they were disturbed during the day they
were verj^ sluggish and inactive, and hunted
out another dark corner as soon as they were
allowed their liberty; and no one who has
seen them only in the daytime can understand
what active, wide-awake, mischievous ani-
mals they are after dark.
Sometimes they chose very odd places to
hide and sleep in, when they were driven out
of their nest in the day-time. The pockets
and sleeves of the clothes which hung in the
wardrobe were favorite hiding-places, and the
bed was another. They would crawl in be-
tween the pillow-case and the pillow, and
sleep there alt day, and sometimes I have
found all three in bed with me when I awoke
in the morning. They would climb up my
coat-sleove while I was studying, and go to
sleep under my arm, and they were verj' angry
if they were disturbed, although of course I
could not sit still all day for their jconveni-
ence.
About twilight every evening they would
come out of their hiding-place, and play around
the room, and were as wide awake all night
as they had been sleepy all day. They were
fond of playing in my hair, and often the first
notice I would receive that they were out for
the evening, would be their coming down
with a flying leap, from the top of the win-
dow, plump upon my head, as I sat reading
or talking. When 1 was engaged in study,
such an interruption was rather startling at
first.
They were very fond of perching upon the
picture-nails, and climbing upon the cord, and
would often carry a nut up and sit there and
cat it, and then drop the empty shell behind
the picture.
They iiad one great feat which was very
amusing. They would run up the side of the
door-casing to the top, and then drop down
to the door-knob, and try to sit there; but as
it was round and smooth, they had great dif
ficulty in clinging to it, and usually slipped
off on the floor, one after the other, and raced
back to the top of the door to try it again,
Occasionally, one would almost succeed in
ganing a seat upon the knob, but before ho
had time to get fairly balanced, another would
drop down and strike him, and both would
drop to the floor.
They would cat all kinds of nuts, but they
seemed to be much fonder of insects, and were chair on the opposite side of the room, w
busy a great part of the evening catching the
moths and beetles which are so abundant
the early summer. They would hang by the
claws of their hind paws, to the lower edge
of the sash of an open window, and watch tor
an insect to fly past them. If it was near
enough to reach, they would seize and eat it
as they hung in the window. If it was not
near enough for them to reach it in this vaxy,
they would sail out into the room after it, and
in most cases catch it before alighting.
Their large, projecting ej-es, fitted for see
ing in the night, and their power of sailing
short distances through the air, fit them pei"
fectly for the capture of insects; but nuts
must furnish the larger part of their food, for
they may be trapped in the dead of winter,
when there are so few insects, that they can-
not depend upon them.
They have the instinct shared by most of
the gnawing animals, such as field mice, strip-
d squirrels and beavers, — of storing up in the
fall a supply of food to be used in the winter.
One which I kept several years, after those of
which I have been telling you, dropped nearly
a peck of hickory nuts down a hole which a
mouse had gnawed in the floor of my closet,
thinking that he was storing up a rich supply-,
which he could draw upon when he should
need them.
Thej^ probably live upon nuts and seeds in
the fall and winter, and their power of catch-
ing insects helps them to gain a living during
the spring and early summer, when proper
vegetable food is scarce, but insects very
abundant.
Of course, I need not tell you that the name
"flying squirrel" is a mistake, as they do not
really fly, and are not furnished with true
wings.
A very thin skiu covered with hair, like the
rest of the body, joins the fore to the hind leg
on each side, and thus forms a broad sail which
enables the animal to slide along through th
air for some distance. Their legs are very
short and weak, and thej- cannot jump upward
more than a foot ; but, by climbing up to some
high place, such as a tall tree, and then sail-
ing off into the air, they can slide for a hun-
dred feet or more before reaching the ground.
The tail is very broad and flat, and is used as
a rudder to regulate the slope at which they
should fall. The rudder of a boat is used to
turn the boat from side to side, so it is flat-
tened vertically, and moves from side to side.
The tail of a flying squirrel does not seem to
be of very much assistance in turning from
side to side, but it regulates their fall, so that
they can come almost straight down to the
ound, or sail off so as to come down very
gradually.
Sometimes they come almost down to the
ground very rapidly, then, just before they
reach it they bend the tail so as to sail off for
some distance close to the ground. After
they have sailed down from a high place in
this way, and have thus acquired a good sup-
ply of force, they are able to change the posi-
tion of the limbs and tail so as to go up some
"ttle distance, in the same way that a sled
nil slide up a short hill after it has gone down
a long one, but of course they are not able to
reach a point as high as that from which they
started.
Mine were able to start from the top of the
ndow, and sweep almost down to the floor,
d then rise enough to catch the back of a
was about twenty-one feet deep.
In the woods, where they can start i
a very groat height, they make much loi
flights than thi
The tail is also used to stop them, by b
ing it down so as to catch the air, when
wish to alight.
All these uses of the tail for a rudder
quire that it should be arranged on the oj
site plan to the rudder of a boat, and we
why it must be flattened horizontally,
move up and down, instead of being flatte
vertically, and moving from side to sid^
Wide Awake.
"Tiie Kingdom of God is within you."
A female distinguished for her piety, as
as by her eminent station in life, being
gaged in her youth to seek earnestly aftci-
knowledge of divine things, was introdu
to a pious man ; he spoke not a word for sc
time, when she briefly told him her di
ties about prayer. lie presently replied
was because she sought that without wh
she had within ; adding, " Accustom youi
to seek God in your heart, and you will f
Him." Havinsc said these words, he left h
they operated like the stroke of a dart wh
pierced her heart asunder. " I felt," said i
at this instant, a wound very deep, smit'
with the love of God ; a wound so delight
that I desired it never to be cured. Th.
words brought into my heart what I had b(
seeking so many years ; or, rather, they ms
me discover what was there, and which Ii
not enjoy for want of knowing it. Oh, i
Lord! thou wast in my heart, and demano
only the turning of my mind inward to ma
tne feel thy presence. Oh, infinite Goodnei
Thou wast so near, and I ran hither
thither seeking thee, and yet found thee
My life was a burden to mo, and my hap
ness was within myself. I was poor in t
midst of riches, and ready to perish wi
hunger, near a table plentifully spread, anc
continual feast. Oh, Beauty, ancient, and ne
why have I known thee so late? Alas!
sought thee where thou wast not, and did :
seek thee where thou wast. It was for wa;
of understanding these words of Thy Gos{-
— ' The kingdom of God cometh not with c
servation ; neither shall they say, Lo here,
lo there: for behold, the kingdom of God
within you.' This I now experienced, sin
thou became my King, and my heart t;
kingdom, where thou reigned as soverei,
and did all thy will."
Writing about the "Western Caves," H.
Hovey says, that as the water level is knot
to be 312 feet below the crest of the hill covi
ing the Mammoth Cave, the subterranei
rivers must be at a little less than that nui
ber of feet beneath the surface, and must al
be the lowest localities possible. Hence,
reasonably concludes, no dome in that cu'
could exceed 312 feet in height without ct
ting through to the open air. This aftbrda
means of correcting the statements of tho
'native writers whose estimates arc nea
ly double what they should be.
Amid our imperfect utterances let us coi
fort ourselves with the thought of that real
where thought shall speak without need of
tongue, and the whole life shall be an anthe
of praise.
THE FRIEND.
20/
Thomas Carlisle.
1 the letters of Thomas Erskino of Linla-
1, a Scotch theologian and philosopher,
y published, there'is the following inter-
ig letter from Carlyle, between whom and
sine an intimate friendship had long sub-
id.
"Chelsea, February 12tb, 1869.
ear Mr. Erskine : — I was most agreeably
»rised by the sight of your handwriting
in, 80 kind, so welcome! The letters are
irni and honestly distinct as ever; the
d, too, in spite of its frail environments,
!lear, plumb up. calmly expectant, as in
best days ,- right so ; so be it with us all,
we quit this dim sojourn, now grown so
)ly with us, and our change come! 'Our
her which art in heaven, hallowed be thy
\e, thy will be done,' — what else can we
? The other night, in my sleepless toss-
9 about, which were growing more and
fe miserable, these words, that brief and
nd prayer, came strangely into my mind
h an altogether new emphasis, as if writ-
and shining for me in mild, pure splendor,
the bosom of the night there, when I, as
tvere, read them word by word— with a
den check to my imperfect wanderings,
ih a sudden softness of composure which
Smuch unexpected. Not for perhaps thirty
forty years had I once formally repeated
It prayer; nay, 1 never before felt how in-
isely tlie voice of man's soul it is ; the in-
ist aspiration of all that is high and pious
ipoor human nature; right worthy to be
ommendedwithan 'After this manner pray
.1 * * * * *
L am still able to walk, though I do it on
topulsion merely, and without pleasure, ex-
it as in work done. It is a great sorrow
lit you now get fatigued so soon, and have
[ your old privilege in this respect; I only
pe you perhaps do not quite so indispens-
y need it as 1 ; with me it is the key to
ap, and in fact the one medicine (often in-
bctual, and now gradually oftener), that I
could discover for this poor clay taber-
sle of mine. I still keep working after a
lak sort ; but I can now do little, often
nost nothing ; all my little ' work' is hence-
th private (as I calculate), a setting of my
or house in order ; which I would fain finish
time, and occasionally fear I shan't."
Effects of Publicity on Suicide.— Tho Phila-
lelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter states,
that an Italian medical society which meets
at Pisa, recently sent a request to the various
Italian papers to cease reporting suicides,
stating after careful study of the subject they
had reached tho conclusion that such publicity
tends, at least in Italy, materially to increase
the number of those who destroy themselves.
The motive issometimes imitation, sometimes
a morbid thirst for notoriety.
The bad effects of sensational literature upon
the juvenile mind, had a fresh illustration in
New York City, in the case of a youngster,
Charles W.Dufrane, as^ed nine years, who ran
away from his home, 150 West Tenth Street,^
" to hunt Indians and buffaloes on the plains."
When he got as far as St. Paul, Minn., he was
noticed by conductors on the railroad, and
sent back to that city, the police taking charge
of him at the Grand Central Depot till his
father came and took him away. The father
says his son was "very fond of reading stories
and great exploits in the weekly story papers,
and this is what comes of it."
W. W. Jacques Fellow in Physics of the
Johns Hopkins University, contributes to tho
Journal of the Franklin Institute an interesting
paper on the effect of the motion of the air
within an auditorium upon its acoustic pro
perties. Public speakers generally will find
valuable suggestions indicated by it. He has
repeated Tyndall's experiments with some
modifications, and arrived not only at the
conclusion that currents of air of varying
density form one of the chief obstacles to the
propagation of sound, but that they actually
modify the sound wave, and so give rise to
great indistinctness.
Laws and institutions are constantly tend-
ing to gravitate. Like clocks, they must be
occasionally cleansed, wound up and set to
true time.
THE FRIEND.
SECOND MONTH 8, 187
The Strange Sentinel. — '' One day," said
,nce Bismarck, "I was walking with the
aperor of Eussia in the summer garden of
Petersburgh, when coming upon a sentinel
the centre of the lawn, I took the liberty
inquiring why the man was placed there,
e Emperor did not know. The adjutant
i not know. The sentinel did not know,
cept that he had been ordered there. The
"utant was then dispatched to ask the officer
the watch, whose reply corresponded with
; sentinel's—' Ordered.' Curiosity awak-
ed, military records were searched, without
elding any satisfactory solution ! At last
old^serving-man was found, who remem-
sred hearing his father relate that the Em-
•ess Catharine IL, one hundred years before,
id found a snowdrop on that particular spot,
id given orders to protect it from being
ucked. No other device could be thought
■ than guarding it by a sentinel. The order
ice issued was left in force for a century," —
ate Paper.
We have received a copy of the Report of
the Bible Association of Friends in America,
for the year ending 10th mo. 1st, 1878.
This association was the first of the kind
formed among Friends in this country, being
instituted in Philadelphia in the year 1829
The depository and office is at No. 116
North Fourth street. John S. Stokes is the
Agent. Bibles and Testaments may be ob-
tained for gratuitous distribution among those
unable to pay for them, by sending written
pplications to the agent. We subjoin some
extracts from the report. It will be seen that
the funds of the Association have been reduced
by the late depression in rents, &c. A dona-
tion of $20 will constitute any Friend a lite
member, and $2 per annum a member for one
year. We would commend this excellent
work to those able to contribute to its funds,
or share in the circulation of the Scriptures.
" There have been issued from the Deposi-
tory during the year, 3377 volumes ; consist
ing of 1488 Bibles, 1506 Testaments and
I Psalms, and 383 Testaments.
Tho reports for the last ten years show a
distribution and sale of 59,809 volumes, of
hich there were 22,-190 Bibles, 11,273 Testa-
...ents, and 26,046 Testaments and Psalms.
During the ten years preceding there were
issued"] 8,053 Bibles, 16,967 Testaments, and
8,701 Testaments and Psalms; making in that
time 44,321 volumes.
"The efforts made by the Association two
years ago, to promote the circulation and pe-
rusal of the Scriptures within the bounds and
neighborhood of Philadelphia Yearly Meet-
ing° by the appointment of suitable Friends
act as agents, to ascertain the needs of their
...io-hborhoods has met with considerable suc-
cess. The Friends designated have cheerfully
accepted the duties assigned them, and have
distributed 1132 volumes; viz. 519 Bibles, 67
Testaments, and 546 Testaments and Psalms,
and this committee on distribution have been
largely looked to, to supply tho demand for
sclKJols, and other public as well as private
donations, within the limits of our own Yearly
Meeting; while applications beyond this have
been referred to the corresponding members,
for their judgment and direction.
"In those localities where Friends do not
feel warranted in organizing for the service,
we desire they will individually maintain a
lively interest in the cause, and see to it, that
there are no persons in their knowledge who
desire a copy of ihe sacred writings, who are
not supplied through the aid of the Associa-
tion.
"It is interesting to notice the extent ot
the territory occupied, and the variety of
acencies employed in the service. The field
covers our country from Maine, westward to
Kansas, and from Canada, southward to Flori-
da and the Gulf States. _
Ministering Friends in carrying out their
concerns in visiting distant portions of our
country, have proved efficient colaborers with
the Association.
" The Treasurer's account shows a balance
on hand at this time of $531.78. He has re-
ceived during the year $2,564.17. Last year
the receipts were $3,050 31 ; showing a fall-
ingoffin receipts of $486. 14. This was mainly
owing to loss and reduction of the rental of
the real estate belonging to the Association.
"We repeat what has been written in a
former report : ' It is believed that our mem-
bers would more generally feel an interest in
this work, and would more freely contribute
to the support of the cause, did they appre-
ciate the extent of the field of labor, and the
fact, that at times tho condition of the trea-
sury forces us to pause.
" Wo feel no hesitation therefore in calling
the attention of Friends everywhere to the
uhject, that all may ascertain the duty rest-
ncr upon them, either as distributors to the
poor and lowly of these sacred writings, or
as contributors to the Association in that
material aid, which is so essential to carry
forward the objects of this organization."
Wo have received the printed minutes of
the Western Yearly Meeting, held at Plain-
field, Indiana, in 9ih month last; and of that
held' at Sugar Grove.
From the former of these documents we
extract a few paragraphs. ^ „ . ^ .,
The Minute on the State of Society, after
speaking of Divine Worship, &c., says: _
"If we believe, as wo must do, m the im-
208
THE FRIEND.
mediateness of the operations of the Holy that all thin
Spirit, it becomes us to see to it that in all ou
religious meetings, there is full opportunity
given for this His immediate ministry, no less
than for all vocal utterance that is under His
anointing and putting forth."
" It is one of the characteristics of the times,
that too many parents are wont to leave the
training of their children and the formation
of their characters, too much to the teachers
of their Bible schools and of their day schools,
and to the ministers of the gospel.
" These may all exert a helpful influence,
but nothing can excuse a parent from his ob-
ligations to train his offspring for the duties
of earth and the blessings of Heaven."
"Friends were earnestly exhorted to ab-
stain from the unnecessary use of tobacco in
every form, and that those who continue to
use it may not be cause of stumbling to others,
it is advised, that subordinate meetings, as
far as practicable, shall not place such in
prominent positions, or appoint them on com-
mittees in the service of the church."
The statistical tables are quite elaborate,
including among other things the number of
those who raise, sell and use tob:icco — 1215 in
all, outofa membership of 12,153— or almost
precisely one in ten.
The average age of the 179 members
who died during the year, was 37 years 11
months; which indicates a greater rate of
mortality than we suppose exists in the settle-
ments of Friends, east of the Alleghany Moun-
tains. To counterbalance this the number of,3cl; this is the lowest record'since"l87o, when i't ,
births is proportionally larger. The number I'^'^g- below. The average temperature for the past
of children in the more newly settled agricul- y'"'"'-".''^^''''"'' "^-' ^- '
tural districts of our country, is much greater
than in those parts which have been longer
inhabited; where an increase of wealth has
led to a more expensive manner of livinc —
which discourages the young people fmm
marrying in early life. In Philadelphia Yearly
Meeting, the number of children of school a,"-e
may be kept in order, givinc
strict heed to the revelation of God's will con
cerning us; that all things which He approves
may be built up ; that we study to show our
selves workmen approved unto God.
" Elders were exhorted to faithfulness, that
they keep a strict watch over the ministry,
that they may be endued with wisdom, to
keep all clear of that which does not savor of
life and power, that our hands may not be-
come weakened, and although we may be ac-
cused of much straightness and narrowness,
this is no apology for unfaithfulness. We
should also remember that there is a time to
speak a word of encouragement to a wrest-
ling, earnest servant; thus all may be bound
together in that pure lovo which binds all to-
gether in Christ."
The concluding minute reads thus:
"As we draw to a conclusion, our hearts
are tendered under the remembrance of the
Lord's goodness and mercy in permitting us
to meet from day to day, and to transact our
business in the sweet unity of Gospel fellow-
ship.
With feelings of thankfulness.
wo sepa-
ate to meet at the usual time next yet
the Lord will."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — According to the local weather re-
port for Philadelphia, the mean temperature for the
past month was 29.9 degrees. Highest temperature
56 deg., on the 28th ; lowest, 3 deg. below zero, on the
deg. About five inches of .snow fell dur-
ing the month. Frost or freezing weather occurred
every day, except the 28th.
In the U. S. Senate on the 31st ult., two reports wei
presented from the joint committee on transfer of tl _
Indian Bureau. One of them, accompanied by a bill,
authorizing the President, when expedient, to tempor-
arily transfer the custody of certain Indian tribes to the
War department. The other favors a complete transfer
to that department.
than one-sixth of the whole membership;! The suit for the recovery of the Arlington estate, be-
while the tables of Western Yearly Meeting ^°\^ J'^<^ United States court at Alexandria, Va.', re-
show more than one fourth of their members
to be at school.
The Representative Meeting had addressed
emorials to the State Legislature on Prison $25,000,000 of coin obligation.s, including $1,400,000
suited, on the 30th ult., in favor of the plaintiftfor the
whole property in fee. A motion for a new trial on
behalf of the defence was made.
t is stated at the Treasury Department, that over
AAA Ai-iA „r :_ „ui:__i; -1 1. '^., .„„„^.
Reform, Capital Punishment and Intemjj
ance.
The extracts which follow are taken from
the minutes of the body which convened at
Sugar Grove : —
"The meeting was brought under a feeling
of humility in the consideration that the
epistles issued by this meeting last year, and
addressed to each of the Yearly Meetings
with which we have been in correspondence,
have not been responded to. Wo feel keenly
the loss of this epistolary intercourse; yet as
our minds have been renewedly turned to the
Fountain from whence comes the Christian's
hope and confidence, wo have been enabled
to repose in quiet trust that He who has thus
far sustained us will continue to extend His
holy hand for our preservation."
The report of the Committee on Books and
Tracts, shows that considerable interest had
been felt on that subject, and efforts used to
supply libraries of the Yearly Meeting, of the
Monthly Meetings, and of members, with the
approved writings of Friends.
The report from the Yearly Meeting of
Ministers and Elders, contains the follow!""-
paragraph
United States notes presented for redemption, were paid
during last month, yet the stock of coin in the Treasury
has steadily increased. The interest for the present
month will be paid in coin, if desired, at any sub-
treasury.
Subscriptions to the four per cent, bonds amounted
during the last month to $15.5,851,150, and the calls of
five-twenty bonds to $150,000,000.
The third instalment of the Mexican indemnity,
J300,000, was paid over to the State Department on the
31st ult. It will be speedily distributed pro rata among
It is believed that work will soon be resumed at all
the mines of the Reading Company at Girardville, Pa.,
the miners having asked to be allowed to return to
work.
The public debt, less cash in the Treasury, amounted
on the 1st inst. to $2,025,896,130— the decrease during
last month was $2,751,980.
A portion of the Indians under Sitting Bull, is re-
ported to have returned into the United States— the
reason given is that bufl^alo was scarce north of the line,
and the Indians were in a starving condition. No im-
mediate trouble is anticipated.
The number of deaths in this city for the week end-
ing at noon on the 1st inst., was 391. The principal
causes of death were consumption, 69 ; inflammation of
the lungs, 50; disea.se of the heart, 16; scarlet fever,
' " ; typlioid fever, 9.
Markets, <6c.— Lf. S. sixes, 1881, 106J ; 5's, 105J ; U
per cents, registered, 105^; do. coupon, 106i- 4 per
jcents, lOOj ; 5-20, 1867, 102J ; do. 1868, 102i.
Flour. — Minnesota extra, $4.25 for medium, and
for high grades ; patent and other high grade-s, S5.5
$7.50. Rye flour, $2.75.
Grain.— Wheat, $1 a $1.06 for red ; $1.06 a $1.07
amber, and for white $1.07 a $1.08. Rye, 54 cts.
western, and 56 a 57 cts. for Penna. Corn, 43 a 45 i
Cats, mixed, 28 a 29 cts. ; white, 30 a 32 cts.
Seeds. — Clover, 6 a 6J cts. per pound. Flaxse
$1.37 per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts. per ]
pounds ; mixed, 45 a 55 cts. Straw, 55 a 70 cts. i
100 pounds.
Beef cattle were in fair demand, and prices rati
firmer, 2000 head arrived during the week, and sold
3 a 5 J cts. per pound as to quality. Sheep, 4J a oi c
per pound as to condition. Hogs, 5} a 6|- cts.'
Foreign.— The Directors of the City of Glasgi;
Bank were sentenced on the 1st inst. — two convicted
fraud, theft and and embezzlement, to eighteen monti
imprisonment — the remaining five, convicted of uttti
ing false abstracts of balance sheets, were sentenced
eight months' imprisonment.
A strike has occurred at Liverpool, of the doi
laborers, on account of which, it is said, trans-atlani
steamers can neither be loaded nor discharged. ESbij
are being made to obtain laborers from other parts, ai
the magistrates of Liverpool have threatened to puni:
erely any persons who attempt to intimidate labore]
at work.
n the Admiralty Division of the High Court of .Tu
', tlie motion to arrest the United States frigate Co
stitution and her cargo, was argued on the 2ytli, ar
decided that the court had no jurisdiction. The Coi
stitution sailed for New York on the 30th.
Dispatches from Cape Town, dated on the Mlh
ast month, stated that no answer having been reeeivt
from the Zulu King, the British troops had advance
to his territory, and fighting had commenced.
The English troops in Afghanistan are said to I
ffering from want of clothing and food. The coU
missary ofiicers appear unable to forward supplies t
the front.
The pestilence in Russia is said to be spreading, an
the panic is very great. All classes have petitioned fc
the entire cessation of all intercourse, even postal leii
raunication between the rest of Russia and the \'(]|gi
Russian railway cars are no longer admitted to (n-niui
territory. Austria is about to issue an orderforliiil.lin
travellers from Russia to cross the frontier unless pre
vided witli passes from the sanitary authorities.
MacMahon, President of the French Republie, sen
his resignation to Congress on the 30th ult. ; the iinme
diate cause of which appears to have been, an imwil
lingncss on his part to make certain changes in tli
commanders of the army, which the Republicans lultt
be a necessity. Jules Grevy, who has been for si vera
years President of the Chamber of Deputies, was eli..sei
as MacMahon's successor. It is expected the CaMne
will be reconstructed, with only two or three new mem
ber.s. No considerable excitement has attended iliesi
changes. There is said to be a general feeling of uraiifi
cation throughout France at the issue of the crisis.
From the official statistics, just published, it apiiear.
that in consequence of the ravages of the phylloxera
the area under the cultivation of the vine, in France
has decrea.sed since 1874 by as much as 370,0UO aeres
The decrease is in the south.
Accounts from Upper Egypt give sorrowful .1. ; dl;
of the famine there.
In the Southern Provinces of Morocco, it is iVuec
that nearly half the inhabitants will have perislieii lie-
fore next year, on account of the scarcity caused by la^
year's drought.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOB THE INSANE, i
Near Frankford, (Twenty -third Ward,) Philadelphia:
Physician and Superintendent — JohnC. Hall, .M.D,
Applications for the Admission of Patients may bii
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board oi
Managers.
Died, in this city, on the 8th of 5th mo. 1878, E
Leeds, daughter of Ann and the Kate Josiah Lee.
the 30th year of her age. When informed of the
approach of death, she replied, she was not afraid to dii
if her Heavenly Father .saw best to take her now. Slid
felt all would be well. From the many remarks m.ad3
during her short illness, lier friends have the consoling
belief thai, through the nierey of her Redeemer, she 1
entered into everlasting re-^t.
' Ministers wore encouraged to faithfulnes.s, 'or^e^ans"' ^^ " ^' "'"' ^"" ^'"""'' ^"^ "''''"''' ""'' ^''
WILLIAM II. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
OL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SECOND MONTH
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage On those sent by mail.
S ibicriptians and PftymeDts received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
SIO. 116 .>JOBTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For "The Friend."
Incidents and Reflections. — No. M.
tiere is mucti instruction and encourage-
t to tlie sincere disciple of our Lord, in
account given by Anna Sliipton of one
m slie describes as " the handsome, busy,
ighlless wife of a thi'iving tradesman,"
iing in one of the smaller towns on the
It of England, which was a place of resort
invalids. A. Shipton was then a severe
irer from disease, she became much con-
led for the spiritual welfare of this woman,
sent religious works to her, which she
■nised to read. But her efforts and prayers
ned fruitless, and she left the place with-
receiving any evidence of a blessing hav-
rested on her exertions,
hree years afterwards, she returned to the
e town and was requested to call on an
ilid, whose death was daily anticipated,
replied that it was impossible that dj,y.
j-morrow it may be too late," was the re-
der, with something of reproach in the
B. No anxious thought crossed her mind,
he replied : "Not so. If it is redly need-
for me to see her, she will not die today."
.nother and yet another day passed before
could leave the house, but her mind was
t in peace, knowing that the sick woman
I not dependent on an instrument laid aside
the Lord.
yhen the day came in which she was free
fo to the invalid, she found her very weak
depressed. She thus describes the vLsit:
I did not ask her a question relative to her
,e. I listened to what she was disposed to
me, which was very brief.
As I sat by her bedside, I simply related
grace and goodness of the Lord to myself;
assurance* of salvation which he had
3n me in [the Scripture], and which he
. enabled me to lay hold of by faith ; and
fellowship which had arisen out of this
J ranee.
I spoke of Jesus as I was then cxperienc
him, a very present help. My heart was
This " assurance of salvation" applies only to those
through submission to the work of Divine Grace
leir hearts, receive power to become the children of
1. This is shown by such te.Kts as these : " He that
meth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have
light of life;" " If we walk in the light, as [God] is
ae light, we have fellowship one with another ; and
blood of Jesus Christ, His Son, cleanseth us from
He thatsaith, I know [Christ] and keepeth
overflowing with joyful praise, in the remem-
brance of his love, exhibited in new mercies
vouchsafed me. May-be he had delayed my
visit until he had put a new song in my mouth.
'She listened to me in profound silence,
her wistful eyes and intelligent countenance
expressed the interest with which she fol-
lowed the recital.
" A week passed by bef )re I saw her again ;
she seemed peaceful, but was silent as to her-
self. In spite of the visible inroad of disease,
and the expectation of every one, life was pro
"onged. She was evidently nearing home, but
the body alone exhibited decay; her mind
seemed to me to gather power, and her patient
trustful spirit proclaimed the source of her
peace and cheerfulness. Nor was this all.
Some who bad visited her when she was first
laid low in her sickness held errors in doc-
trine, which she rejected as contrary to the
simplicity of the gospel. She did not shrink
from witnessing for the truth, even though
she was aware that she should forfeit the favor
they had shown her; nor did she withhold
her testimony to the light which had shone
on her own heart.
The fogs and frosts of departing winter
kept me a close prisoner to my room, but
they did not seem seriouslj^ to affect my prior
neighbor. I had not been able to visit her for
weeks. All I heard of her was very cheering,
and she often let me know that I was not for-
gotten. Frequently she sent me flowers for
my table, which she loved to arrange herself;
and there vvas always a text enfolded in them,
which she had sought for me out of the heav-
enlj'' treasury, that came freshly and with
power to mj- heart, proving who had guided
her in the choice.
" Three weeks had passed since I had seen
her, and I heard loss of her, owing to the ab-
sence of a friend who had been in the habit
of visiting her. One night I dreamed that she
had died at four o'clock that morning, desir-
ing in vain to see me, to bid me farewell ; and
yet I thought I set off to see her, and arrived
too late — she was dead.
" I awoke in great distress of mind and sent
to inquire for her, and heard that there was
no change in her symptoms.
"I determined, if possible, to go to her that
day. It was a dark, gloom}' morning, with a
chill, steady rain, that gave no hope of clear
ing away. I waited in vain for some cessa
tion. Satan was busy in suggesting that an
other day would do as well, when the weather
would be better, and I less suflfering, and that
the dream was folly
"But I could not rest; my heart was with
the sick one whom Jesus loved. Thinking
that perhaps owing to the inclement weather
she might be lonely, or needing something
that I could procure for her, I sent for a car-
riage, and did not breathe in freedom until I
found myself bj- the side of her bed, in the
His commandments, :
a liar, and the truth is not same place where I had first spoken to her
|of my precious Lord.
She had had no vi-itor, it is true ; but she
told me that she had needed none, and that
she had experienced an intense longing the
day before to see me again, feeling that her
time was short.
" My hour was como now to listen to her,
which I did in silent wonder and jiraise. She
recalled the days to which I had never myself
alluded, when I sent her the tracts and books ;
for before the close of my first visic I had
recognized her as the prosperous tradesman's
Vif.'.
" She acknowledged the love of the Lord in
aying his hand upon her just as the object of
her life's labor was within her grasp, and for
hich she had nearly bartered her priceless
treasure.
' One Sunday,' she said, 'I was pacing the
garden path of the cottage where we lived
vayfrom the shop, and as I walked I thought
to myself, We have made more money this
year than last, and next j^ear we shall make
more. Then we shall take a large house, and
have a larger shop: that will bring us more
money still. And then we shall be able to
build a house for ourselves, and have a garden.
■And then" — said a voice — "you will die!"
I was so startled that I trembled. It was the
voice of the .Spirit in my heart, but I did not
know it. I had never felt nor heard any-
thing like it before, but it was as clear as my
thought, and so distinct that I turned quickly
round, thinking that I must have spoken
aloud, and a listener have overheard me ; but
I was alone. It was the hour of afternoon ser-
vice ; I listened, not a footstep could I hear.
[ said, " This is all fancj' ! No, I shall not die !
Why should I? I am strong and well, and
then I have my children to look after." '
" But from this time the first symptoms of
this terrible malady began to appear, the mes-
senger of mercy, whom the Lord had sent to
prepare the way before him.
" The development of her spiritual life was
deeply absorbing to ms. She spoke with a
power such as I had never witnessed in her
before. I could but marvel at the growth that
the latter rain had produced. She had never
given me such outspoken and entire confi-
dence; now it was unrestrained and free.
" ' And how were you led to this rest in
Jesus ?' I said, longing to trace the course of
God's wonderful dealings with her.
" She was silent for a minute, and then
turned towards me, and looked fully in my
face with intense earnestness. Her cheeks
were flushed with the energy with which she
had spoken, and her dark eyes glistened with
tears. She raised her emaciated hand, and
laid it tenderly on n\y shoulder, while she
said in a tone of grateful affection I shall
never forget —
"' What! and do you really not know?'
"'No, indeed,' I replied. 'I thought it
was' —
" ' Yourself!' she said, interrupting me. ' I
thought you knew it long ago, or I should
210
THE FRIEND.
have told j'ou. The first day j'ou came to me,
it'yoa remember, j'Ou related to nie what the
Lord had done fur you, what he was to you
I saw that you believed him, and were happy
in his love. I was always doubting:
when you left me I was more downcast than
ever. At last it came to my mind that all he
was to you he was willing to be to me, and it
soon became my daily prayer that he would
give me all he had given you.'
"For the first time 1 heard her pray, and
the fullness and faith of that last petition
seemed to bring eternal re.ilities very near
She thanked the Lord again and again fo:
sending me, and said she wns longing to see
mo, and prayed for me in touching supplica-
tion. And then I rose to go. She embraced
me, as for a long parting, and said,
" ' The only text I have for you is the one I
get so often for you when I pray : " Through
much tribulation you mustenter into the king-
dom of God." Yes,' she concluded slowly and
sadly, ' "Much tribulation !" and 1 believe you
will have it.' iiut, after a pause, she added
with a bright smile, 'You will come in bring-
ing your sheaves with you. I shall be look-
ing out for you there!' And she glanced up-
ward ; 'Don't forget me !'
" And so we parted.
"At four o'clock the following morning the
Lord sent for her who had thus looked to him
for peace and rest; and now she waits with
Him."
The Dark Day.
For several days before the 19th of 5th mo.
1780, the air was full of vapors, as we often
see it when fires are raging in the woods near
us, and the sun and moon appeared red, and
their usual clear light did not reach us, es-
pecially when rising and setting. The winds
blew chiefly from the southwest and north-
east, and the weather was cold and clear.
The morning of the 19th was cloudy and in
many places slight showers fell, sometimes
accompanied by thunder and lightning; but
as the sun arose it did not increase the light
and the darkness deepened and deepened,
until the children standing before the tall
clocks could not see to tell the time, and
older people peering over the almanac were
not able to distinguish the letters. The birds
sang their evening songs and flew to thei
nests in the woods, the poultry hurried to
their roosts, while the cattle in the fields
uttered strange cries and leaped the stone
fences to gain their stalls, and the sheep all
huddled together bleating piteously.
The clouds were in some places of a light
red, yellow and brown ; the leaves on the
trees and the grass in the meadows were of
the deepest green, verging on indigo, the
brightest silver seemed tarnished, and every-
thing that is white in the sunlight bore a
deep yellow hue.
The rain, also, was unlike any other rain,
and it set all the people to wondering as
they dipped it from tubs and barrels ; lor a
scum formed on it resembling burnt leaves,
emitting a sooty smell, and this same sub-
stance was seen on streams and rivers, es-
pecially the Merrimac, where it lay four or
five inches thick, for many miles along its
from the springs and low lands ; one column
he particularly noticed rapidly ascending far
above the highest hills, then it spread into a
largo white cloud and sailed off to the west-
ward ; a second cloud formed in the same way
from the same springs, but did not rise as
high as the first, and a third formed fifteen
minutes afterward.
So unwhole.'^ome was this vapor that small
birds were sufi"ocated in it, and man}' of them
were so frightened and stupefied that they
flew into the houses, adding to the fears of
ignorant people, who considered it a bad sign
for a bird to enter a dwelling.
The commencement of the darkness was
between ten and eleven in the forenoon (when
the men were busy in the fields and offices
and work-shops, the women spinning, weav-
and preparing dinner, and' the children at
school or helping their fathers and mothers
it home), and it continued until the middle
of the following night; but the degree of
darkness varied ; in some places the disk of
the sun was seen when the darkness was the
most dense.
Lights were seen burning in all the houses,
and the people passing out-ol'-doors carried
torches and lanterns, which were curiously
eflected on the overhanging clouds.
Thousands of people were sure that the
end of the world had come; many dropped
their work and fell on their knees to praj',
others confessed to their fellows the wrongs
hey had done, and endeavored to make res-
itution.
The meeting-houses were crowded, and
neighborhood prayer meetings were formed,
and the ministers and old church members
prayed long prayers, mentioning the nations
and individuals of Bible times who had been
destroj'ed on account of their sins, and begged
that as God spared the great city of Nineveh
when it repented, so He would forgive them,
cheer them again by the light of the sun, and
victory to their armies. |
formation concerning this memorable
and Dr. Tenny wrote an account of wha
learned while on a journey from the Eai
Pennsylvania. He says the deepest dark
was in Essex county, Massachusetts, the Ic
part of New Hampshire, and the eastern
tion of Maine (where my great-grandmo
lived). Jn Rhode Island and Connectici
was not so great ; in New Jersey, peci
clouds were observed, but the darkness
not uncommon, and in the lower part
Pennsylvania nothing unusual was obser'
It extended as far north as the Amer
settlements, and westward to Albany, bu.
exact limits could not be ascertained.
In Boston the darki^ess continued fourl
or filteen hours, varying in duration at ol
places.
As it was impossible to attribute the di
ness to an eclipse, the wise people fori
many theories respecting it ; being conv'
that it was due to immense fires in the wo-
winds blowing in opposite directions, an(
the condition of the vapors; but He
says: "The dark day in northern Ame
was one of those wonderful phenomen;
nature which will always be real of v
interest, but which philosophy is at a los
explain. "^<SV. Nicholas.
For "The FrieD
Tliouglits and Feelings.
THE TRAINING OF CHILDRE:'?.
" Train up a child in the way he should ,
— the duty of every parent — has respect b
to this life and to that which is to come-
time and to eternity. It i-i so solemn and
perative an obligation, and withal so reas
able and expedient, that no parent can, w
punity, shuflij it off upon, or transfer it|
y one else. For whether duly disehar[|
or not, as in His sight "whose eyes run
and fro throughout the whole earth, to sh
himself strong on behalf of them whose he
"s perfect toward him," it will neverthel
Another peculiarity was the vapor; in many
localities it descended to the earth from high
in the atmosphere ; but at one point a gentle- 1
man saw the vapors, at nine o'clock, rising!
It is said that the Connecticut Legislature be required at the handsof every one, acco
being in session, the members became terrified ing to the measure of grace and ability
when they could not see each other's faces
and a motion was made to adjourn, when —
Davenport arose and said :
" Mr. Speaker, it is either the day of judg
ment or it is not. If it is not, there is nc
need of adjourning. If it is, I de>ire to bt
found doing my duty. I move that candles
be brought, and that we proceed to business."
All the shivering, frightened people began
now to look forward to evening, hoping that,
as the moon rose full at nine o'clock, her light
would penetrate the gloom ; but all the children
who coaxed to sit up and see her grew verj'
sleepy, their strained eyes were not rewarded
by her beautiful beams, for at eight in the
evening the darkness was total; one could
not distinguish between the earth and the
heavens, and it was impossible to see a hand
before one's face.
Then all the weary children were sent to
bod after the most honest prayers that they
had ever prayed, and the older people sat up
to watch for the light that never before had
appeared so glorious.
And never dawned a fairer morning than
the 20th, for the sun that opened the flowers
and mirrored itself in the dew drops, brought
the color again to the children's faces, and
filled every heart with confidence.
After the darkness had passed, several per-
sons traveled about to gather all possible in-
who is placed in such a fearfully rcsponsi
position. He who not only is strong, bun
strength, yesi, whose "strength is m;ide perf
in weakness," will give to every one the quj
fication and ability needed herein, as they i
engaged in childlike dependence and siraj
city to ask it of Him. For how applicable
the testimony of the apostle James : " If a
of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, tl
giveth to all men liberally and upbraide
not ; and it shall be given him.'"
Under the old and less perfect eovenai'
the duty of parents, respecting the first co
mandment, was thus imperatively enjoin
upon Israel : " These words which I comma
thee this day, shall bo (first) in thine hea»
and (next) thou shalt teach them ditigen
unto thy children, and shalt talk of them wb
thou sittest in thine house, and when th
walkest by the way, and when thou Host do\
and when thou risest up." Subsequent
from the Most High, also through Moses,
this injunction : "Gather the people togetb
* that they may hear, and that they rai
arn, and fear the Lord your God, &c. ; a;
that their children, which have not knov
any thing, may hear, and learn to fear t
Lord your God," &c. Now can any one su
pose, under a new covenant of light ai
lite, of which Christ Jesus is the High Prie
and Mediator, that parents would, recognizii
THE FRIEND.
211
power of His anointing, from any cause
exonerated from seeking diligentlj- to in-
let their tender and susceptible offspring
■re the Saviour by the still small voice of
I inspeaking Spirit makes himself known
jhe way, the truth, and the life? as well as
5 He manifests himself by the drawing
ds of His love? or that they can in any
;e be excused from prayerfully' interceding
h a beneficent and loving Father in heaven
the Light of His dear Son to guide, and
their preservation, as for that of their own
Is? Nay ; it stumbles belief. For in what
er way, it may be asked, can the Scripture
cept be fulfilled, "Train up a child in the
y he should go?" or the no less compre-
isive and important one: "Fathers pro-
;e not your children to wrath : but bring
m up in the nurture and admonition of the
.•d."
Nothing is more true than that parents
mot confer grace. But they can by their
ly lives, their upright, consistent, godly
iversation and walk before their children,
nifest that they themselves fully believe in
rist Jesus as the Saviour of the world, and
it whole-hearted obedience to the revela-
ns of his Holy Spirit to the soul as our
de into all truth, is, as a primary duty, ob-
atory on all. And if they do this, if the
ith as it is in Jesus, dwells duly and au
jritalively in their own hearts in the first
tee, they cannot avfiid, as was required un-
V the Law of Moses, the earnest Christian
sire to "teach them diligently unto theii
Idren ;" neither of talking, of what so in
nately concerns our salvation, at proper
pes and under a fresh feeling of their value
I their children and families. For as is writ
^ : " Of Me abundance of the heart the mouth
eaketb."
But, on the other hand, if parents fritter
^ay their heavenward influence, their time
,d their talents upon the gratific:Uions of
lis poor, fleeting world ; if they sadly choose
; take up their rest here ; if the cares of this
fe, the deceitfuluess of riches, and the love
j other things be permitted to choke the
'^od seed sown in themselves, or beguile un
ily their care and attention, to the neglect
[ the one thing needful, it is not likely that
|e dear lambs, with which they have been
t responsibly entrusted to train up less foi
Irth than for heaven, will learn to fear th(
prd from their early years, because of the
lant of true hearted faithfulness and prayer-
Iness in the parents. For then there will be
lom for grave fears, as is written: "The
thers have eaten sour gi'apes, and the chil-
■en's teeth are set on edge."
That there are well concerned and religious
firents who have endeavored to look to the
jord in the training of their dear children ;
fid to ask counsel of Him, that they might
je enabled to direct unto the new covenant
f life, and to bring them up in His nurture
pd admonition, but who have not seen as
ney wish the fruits of their labor and care, is
o practical argument that the duty of those
jn trusted in some measure with the care of
nmortal souls, as a sort of under shepherds,
oes not lie in the direction, nor is embraced
a the requisitions herewith represented.
Jhildren loo have their part of the responsi
ilily to bear; and may, through wilfulness
,nd disobedience, become prodigals from the
igbt way of the Lord. We read of the Scrip
ure examples of Eli and Samuel ; the children
of both of whom, walked not in the ways of
Truth. But while the house of the former
was severely judged, because he only advised
against wrong, but did not restrain ; the other
escaped reprimand, so far as we know, though
his sons "walked not in his ways ;" no doubt
n that he endeavored to act uprightly in re-
spect to them.
It is the fervent desire of the writer, to en-
courage and strengthen the hands of parents,
whatever be the discouragements or the diffi-
culties they may have to contend with in the
training and resiraining of their precious
charge. Believing that as they seek diligently
after a wisdom better than their own, and
which is profitable to direct in everj' good
word and work, firstly for themselves, that
they will thus be helped and made instru
mental to the godly rearing of their children
in the way they should go, unto their becom
ing useful in their day and generation, as that
both may receive the welcome salutation at
last, " Well done, good and faithful servant;"
"Eat thou the fruit of Ihy doings."
lm\ Poisoning from Tin Dishes
Attention has recently been called to a now
risk of chronic poisoning by the old enemy
lead. What we call " tin" vessels — that is
sheet iron coated with tin — are in daily use
in every household in the land. They are
cheap, durable, and convenient, and have been
considered perfectly safe for the thousand
culinary purposes to which they are devoted.
They are safe if the tin plate is honestly made;
but unfortunately this is not always to be
counted upon. Tin is comparatively cheap,
but lead is cheaper; and an alloy of the two
metal.s may be used in the place of the dearer
one, with profit to the manufacturer, though
with serious detriment to the user. The alloy
is readily acted upon by acids, and salts of
lead are thus introduced into food
The Michigan State Board of Health has
lately been investigating this subject, having
been led to do so by a letter from a physician
who found that certain cases of what had
been taken for chorea were really paralysis
aaitans, which could be traced to this kind of
t will be shown by a bright j-ellow color, duo
to the formation of iodide of lead.
It is stated by Dr. Kedzie that a peculiar
kind of tin plate, the coating of which is
largely made up of lead, is com.ing into gen-
eral use for roofing, eaves troughs, and con-
ductors ; and it is "suggested that much of this
lead will eventually be dissolved and find its
way into household cisterns. Susceptible per-
sons may be poisoned b_y washing in the lead-
charged water, and all who drink it, even after
"t is filtered, are in danger of chronic lead
poisoning. There is also risk in the use of
glazed earthen vessels, if, as is often the case,
the glazing contains oxide of lead. — Boston
Journal of Chemisirxj.
'Tioas only a Bone. — Aye, and only a very
small bone, too^ust a tin}' fish-bone, but it
well-nigh cut short the life of one of the party
at the supper table. Probably the friend of
whom I write was talking at the time of eat-
ing, which is rather hazardous, during the fish
course, at any rate. Feeling there was some-
thing amiss, the friend in question hastily left
the table, in order, if possible, to dislodge the
liny bone which had stopped in her throat.
Not reappearing as expected, those previously
seated with her followed, and to their utter
dismay, found her in the most pitiable state
maginablo. Quite unable to articulate, and
at tile same time equal!}' unable to free her-
self of the encumbrance, she was becoming
ore and more exhausted, so much so that
she felt that, unless in some way or other re-
eved, she would die! To use her own words,
she thought that in a few minutes she would
lall at their feet a corpse! Under the circum-
stances no doctor could be obtained, on ac-
count of distance. Meanwhile her face and
throat swelled to an enormous extent, and
became almost black, so greatly was it dis-
colored. It was at this last crisis, and with
but one possible resource, she looked up, and
the power of speech being gone, mentally
cried to the Lord for help. Li one moment
after that heart-cry, she said, she felt relieved.
From that instant a favorable change took
place. The ci-isis had passed.
I confess, dear reader, that I left the house
..ad poisoning. Other eases were brought to Lf my friend with a twofold feeling. First,
light in which children had died of meningitis, I of the Lord's wonderful condescension and
fits, and paralytic affections, caused by milk Iggodness, in that He, "the high and lofty
kept in such vessels, the acid in the fluid |one that inhabiteth eternity," should be so
havintr dissolved the lead. Malic, citric, and mei-eiful and so gracious
'='„ . .■ /. :,l 1 .
Other fruit acids are of course quicker and
ore energetic in their action upon the per-
nicious alloy. The danger is the greater, be-
cause the lead salts are cumulative poisons.
The effect of one or two small doses may not
be perceptible, but infinitesimal doses, coii-
tantly repeated, will in the end prove injuri-
ous, if not fatal. Analysis of a large number
of specimens of tin plate used in culinary arti-
cles showed the presence of an alloy with lead
n almost every instance, and often in largo
quantities. It is safe to assert that a large
proportion of the tinned wares in the market
are unfit for use on this account.
That we may not be accused of exciting
fears which may be groundless, we will inform
our readers how they can settle the question
for themselves by a simple and easy test. Fut
a drop of strong nitric acid on the suspected
"tin, ' and rub it over a space as large as a
dime. Warm it very gently till it is dry, and
lending a listen-
ng ear, and so^interesting Himself in the
mean affairs of His creatures, so sinful, worth-
ss, and undeserving as they are ; and second-
ly, I thought of our extreme folly, in that,
th such a friend and deliverer so ever-con-
stantly at hand, and with such numberless
d encouraging exhortations to betake our-
selves to Him at any and all times, we should
slow of heart to believe," and so loth
to avail ourselves of privileges and advantages
so rich, so full, so unspeakably blessed. — Ep.
Recorder.
Australian Salt Lakes.— An interesting de-
scription of the salt lakes of Australia is given
by a writer in the Sydney Empire, who, speak-
ing of the salt lakes and mineral springs on
the Paroo, says : " These wells are a real curi-
osity. Mounds of earth rise about ten or fif-
teen feet over the surface, no doubt thrown
up by the force of the water; they form a
then 'let'faTl Two rrop3°ofa''solution of iodide ikind of oasis in the wilderness, and have
of potassium on the spot. If lead is present Isavcd the lives of many a weary wanderer.
211
THE FRIEND.
These mounds can be seen for mile
Th,
water is very clear and soft. It is impreg-
nated with magnesia, soda'and alum. Jt is
very palatable to drink, and I think very
wholesome. The water does not flow after
touching the surface; but, as soon as it over-
flows the fort-like basin, sinks into the earth.
The alum and soda crack under your feet, as
you walk around these wells, like frozen
snow. Sand storms occasionally set in with
great violence, sweeping along and drifting
like snow, but in this it differs, that nothing
is proof against its penetrating propensity.
It enters your eyes, your nose, your mouth,
your ears ; even your very skin seems gritty
from it, and everything is covered with it. It
enters all culinary matters, so that while it
lasts you are continually eating, drinking and
wearing sand. As an instance the first even-
ing I entered the Paroo, one of the sand
storms set in, and, after viewing one of those
beautiful clear lakes, in which we thought we
could quench our thirst, having had nothing
to drink since the morning, what was our sur-
prise, I might almost say despair, to find that
the water was salt as brine. The drivin
sand beat with such fciry that we could nol
see each other on the road. Our party num
bered five, and I took the bridle and saddle
off my horse and let him go to shift for him-
self. I lay down, putting the saddle between
myself and the storm for shelter. The morn-
ing at last came, and I found at about five
miles distant my party, horse and water."
shine in the eyes when the head is slightly
bent over and downward toward the work.
In the schools in Germany this matter has
already been attended to, and the rule adopted
to have all the seats and tables so arranged
that the pupils never face the windows, but
only have the side lights from the left; and
as a light simultaneously thrown from two
sides gives an interference of shadows, it has
been strictly forbidden to build school-rooms
with windows on both sides, such illumina
tion having also proved injurious to the eyes
of the pupils. Wo may add to this the ad
vice not to place the lamp in front of you
when at work in the evening, but a little on
one side; and never to neglect the use of a
shade, so as to prevent the strong light shin-
ing in the eyes. This is especially to be con-
sidered at the present time, when kerosec
lamps, with their intensely luminous flames,
are becoming common. — Burlington Hawkeye.
The precious Light which shineth in the
heart, is the everlasting Day of God, in which
he walks, and in which he works. Blessed
arc those that walk with him, and work with
him; they can toll of his mighty acts, and
speak of his wondrous works. Those that
walk in this Light, and are become children
of this Day, are witnesses of the true ever-
lasting worship, which is in the Spirit and in
the Truth. Such are come to the substance
and end of all the legal administrations and
temple worship, which consisted much in daily
killing, and daily offering of bullocks, and
rams, and lambs, &c. Now those that are
come to the worship in spirit, witness a daily
dying, and a daily offering, till death isknown
Such know, that it is easier to kill a bullock
or a ram outwardljr, than to kill or mortify
the beastly nature within ; and it is a greater
work to witness the will wholly resigned up
into the will of the Lord, and the thoughts
and imaginations brought down into the obe-
dience of the cross, than to perform the out-
ward part of worship, commanded in the law.
I testify to all, that those who know not the
beastly nature slain and offered up in them-
selves, and their thoughts and wills subjected,
are not come to the end of the law, nor from
under it, nor to the one everlasting offerin<r,
Christ Jesus. — William Shewen.
HYMN.
Thine are all the gifts, O God !
Thine the broken bread ;
Let the naked feet be shod,
And the starving fed.
Let Thy children, by Thy grace,
Give as they abound,
Till the poor have breathing-space,
And the lost are found.
Wiser than the miser's hoards
Is the giver's choice;
Sweeter than the song of birds
Is the thankful voice.
Welcome smiles on faces sad
As the flowers of spring ;
Let the tender hearts be glad
With the joy they bring.
Happier for their pity's sake
Make their sports and plays.
And from lips of childhood take
Thy perfected praise !
John G. Whilli,
The following document explains the i
that called it forth, it therefore need
further explanation than to say, that
"Association," I understand, is compos,
young members of our religious Societ
the southern part of Kansas, who are desi
to improve themselves in literary knowh
and especially in a knowledge of the appr
writings of Friends. The "conference"
held under the sanction and oversight of
Quarterly Meeting's Committee.
There is nothing new in the " Address,'
it is cheering to find such evidence of reli
soundness and zeal among a portion of
rising generation in the Society, and it ji
fies the hope that there will yet bo witooi
in many places, the "battle ordered"
"young men, the princes of the provinces
Bo not Face the Light when at TFort.— Stat-
istics kept by oculists employed in infirmaries
for eye diseases have shown that the habit of
some persons in facing a window from which
the light falls directly in the eyes, as well as
on the work, injure their eyes in the end.
The best way is to work with a side light,
or, if the work needs strong illuminations, so
that it is necessary to have' the working table
before the window, the lower portion of the
latter should be covered with a screen, so as
to have a top light alone, which does not
GROWING OLD.
And now I know I'm growing old—
I saw to-day my wavy hair
All mixed with silver, and am told
I shall no more be young, or fair.
As I look back along the way.
Where peace and plenty have been mine,
Through faith I look to Him and say,
"I'll trust and wait by grace divine."
The busy scenes of earthly life,
All filled with plans and hopes and fears ;
And earnest toil, and manly strife,
Make up the sum of all our years.
Like Heeting clouds in summer sky.
Or vapor rising from the sea,
We pass from earth to Him on high,
To spend a long eternity.
And when no more the radiant sun,
Shall shine for me as in the past ;
With faith complete and duty done
May Christ and heaven be mine at last.
C/iristian Secretary.
The last German triumph in chemical sci-
ence is a method of keeping fish fresh by im-
pregnating it, by means of hydraulic pressure,
with a weak solution of salicylic acid, a new
antiseptic, originally extracted from willow
bark, but since found in large proportions in
meadow-sweet, (spirxa ulmaria.) The fish is
then packed in boxes and covered with gela-
tine, to prevent its drying. A short soaking
in water restores it to pristine freshness.
An Address on Plainness of Speech, issuec
The Young Friends' Christian Associatio
Kansas, held at Spring River, First rtu
5th, 1879.
In tho Programme of a Bible School C
ference, recently held in one of the Quarte
Meetings of Kansas Yearly Meeting, appe
the following as to time: "Dee. 27 and
"Fri. Dec. 27," and "Sat. Dec. 28."
Young Friends' Christian Association of K
sas, desires by this, to call theattention of
its own members, of all young Friends, a;
of elderly Friends, who are concerned for
maintenance of the truth, as held by all sou
Friends, to this public display of the dep
tures from the Orthodox practice of tho I
ciety of Friends. We do this, that we m
express our disapproval and condemnation
such departures, and that we may f^iithfu
bear our testimony, that however much t
"offence of the cross" may have ceased
such as have gone out into the spirit of t
world, yet to such as are of a "pure and te
der conscience," there has been no abateme
of Truth's requisitions concerning the tes:
mony so long borne by Friends, for " plai
ness of speech." By the divine call to purit
and truth, the entire body of early Friend
they were obedient to the teaching of Chris
were lead to adopt that simplicity in tho ufi
of language, which for more than two cei
turies, has been found by experience to be ■]
testimony required of all Friends, who not W.
profession only, but in reality were willing t]
submit to the teaching of the Holy Spirit. ,
We present the subject for consideration a-
follows: :
Lst. The use of Thee and Thou, and the di
use of you for a single person.
2tid. The disuse of all flattering or compi
mentary titles.
3rd. Tho disuse of the names of tho day
and months, and the use of the proper num
As to the 1st, Friends believe that The(
and Thou to one person, is not only strictljj
true, but a proper use of language. 1
In support of this position, George Foxl
with the assistance of John Stubbs and Ben]
jamin Furly, wrote and published a booU
showing that the usage of thirty languages
ivas in unity with the practice of Friends
Thee and Thou is the language of the Bible]
it is the language used in addressing the Deity]
by those who do not use it in common con]
versation. Friends believe that you is no^
properly singular, as it is always used with
plural verb. To address one person as mora
THE FRIEND.
213
) is not true. As a rhetorical fiction,
ij' by long use have lost much of its force,
ho perpetual repetition of a falsity can
r make it true. The use of the plural
joun to one individual, had its origin in
), as a term of flattery, a corruption (of
>liage) that "entered the world through
and we suggest, that the true measure
pride, the world and the unregenerate
t takes in it now, is found in the weight
e cross, requisite to maintain the simple
I and Thou to a single person.
! to the 2nd division, there has been no
nution by lapse of time of the force of the
jny of Friends on this point. No ob-
on or excuse should stand for a moment,
nst the commandments of Christ, " That
all no man Father (as a title of compli-
), and that we be not called Rabbi or
ter." Mat. x.xii. 7-10.
condemnation by our Saviour, of the
)f false titles of endearment, authority, or
)r, has always been justly regarded by
nds as demanding the disuse of all such
is; as Sir, Master or Mister, Madam, Mis-
Your Worship, Grace, Reverend, and all
Is that imply a situation of authority
others, which is not true. The Friend
submits to the guidance of the iloly
it, can adopt the language of Elihu, (Job
ii. 21, 22) when "constrained by the Spi-
he said, '-Let me not, I pray you, accept
man's person, neither let me give flatter-
titles unto man, for I know not to give
ering titles; in so doing my Maker would
take mo away." The subscription of
selves, as an " humble and obedient ser
," is also forbidden by the spirit of our
our's commands above given,
he ground of the 3rd proposition is, that
names of the days of the week, and of
t of the months, were given in honor of
3 gods, and is a relic of heathenism need
and indecorous, opposed to the tenor and
t, as well as to the letter of those com
idments addressed to the Israelites, which
lade the use of the names of false gods
the slightest approach to idolatrous prac
. We desire to impress the fact upon
minds of all Friends, that without excep
\, the objections now urged against the
ive principles, sealed as they were by the
ierings for conscience' sake by our fore-
lers, are the objections long ago urged by
I world against them. We believe that
y arise now from the same spirit of enmity
inst the pure truth, from which Ihey arose
irst, and that as such they are entitled to
weight now. We commend to your con
iration, the words of that precious Friend
in Barclay, when writing on this topic in
6. " Truly it is a striking and unanswei
B fact, that there has not been one ind
ual who has risen to any eminence for r(
ous dedication in our Society, but has had
tread the narrow and strait paih." W
,nt that there are exceptions to the above at
s time, and the desolations and divisions,
and down in our land, of which the end is
, yet, bear ample evidence, that the broad-
ng of the path is scattering more than i(
gathering to Christ. The lightness and
akness, resulting from the efforts so widely
ivalent, to supply spiritual need by carnal
Dcdients, shows "that they are repeatinj
! folly of the priest, who undermined th
nple in his eagerness to get coal to keep its
ar fires burning." It is cause for deep
gret and sorrow to manj^ Friends, to know
that there are those in our Yearly Meeting,
n responsible positions, who use the words,
'Friday," "Saturdaj'," "j-ou," "Mr.," &c.,
when in the company of those not Friends,
as though they had forgotten they had ever
been Friends.
Character as a Friend attaches to tht use
of the Plain Language as the observance of
the First day of the week does to the general
Christian character, and we are very sure
that far more is lost than gained for truth,
when Friends bo far forget, or shun this testi-
mony as to depart from it. It should always
be borne in Tnind, as of the highest importance
by all Friends, who are concerned that the
divine purpose in calling us out of the world,
to be a separate people may be fulfilled ; that
all those whom the Lord has most abundantlj'
blessed; who have left a record of their ex-
lerience ; have testified that the bearing of the
cross in this matter, was a duty required by a
pure conscience. There are many who still
feel thus in regard to this testimony. When
we call to mind the character, spirituality,
integrity, self denial, ability, and sufferings of
the early Friends, and contrast these with
that character which is striving to trample
down this testimony, we find that nothing is
manifest to warrant us in discarding the an-
cient principles, and following modern inno-
vators.
Dear Friends, you who are tried by the
persistent intrusion of innovations and de
partures, as in the programme referred to,
and others equally flagrant, we desire to hold
forth a word of encouragement.
We believe the time has fully come, when
Friends should calmly, but firmly protest
against their further introduction. We doubt
not that the effort to maintain the truth wifh
Christian earnestness will bring trials, but
they who bear the cross, shall wear the crown
The more faithfully Friends stand for sound
doctrine and practice, the sooner will this trial
be past. Stand firm therefore, and earnestly
contend for the "faith once delivered to th
saints;" and we believe, that we shall ye
know ourZion to be a quiet habitation. " Stand
fast therefore in the liberty, wherewith Christ
hath made us free, and be not entangled again
with the yoke of bondage."
was used for sizing, in the proportion of 1 to
20, or about 5 per cent. — Jennings, too,
writes to the " World" as follows: "A lady
lend of mine was told to-day, on inquiring for
some calicoes for children, that the 'Ameri-
cans were the best — thej' could be worked on
the sewing machine more easily than the
English.' 'Why?' 'Well, they are softer.
The English goods are stiffened up with size,
and consequently do not lend themselves very
readily to the sewing machine."' — Christian
Union.
Some signi fieant facts were recently brought
out in a county court case at Rochdale, Eng-
land, which suggest some reasons for the suc-
cessful competition of American cottons with
those of English manufacture. A suit had
been brought to recover a sum of money "foi
sizing twenty-seven warps" for the defend
ant, a cotton manufacturer. The judge did
not understand what "sizing" meant. H
asked for an explanation. The plaintiff asked
that the court might be cleared while he an-
swered the judge. He was evidently ashamed
of the business. The judge would not eomplj'
with his request, and he had to explain that
"sizing" was "loading" or adulteration of
cotton goods. The size consisted of flour,
China clay, Epsom salts, chlorate of zinc,
chloiate of magnesia and glue. This was put
into the cotton to the extent of 70 per cent.,
and he had used the size to as high an aver-
age as 130 per cent. Indeed, he confessed
that there were manufacturers who adulter-
ated their goods with this size as much as 2.30
Facts and Inferences,
We are accustomed to think that there is
nothing so simple as a fact, and nothing so
easy as to report it correctly. To state what
has been seen, heard and known seems so
plain and straightforward a matter that if
there is any inaccuracy in the statement it
must have proceeded from some intention to
deceive. It is either true or untrue, and ho
who utters it knows which, and is responsi-
ble accordingly. Such reasoning Implies a
confusion of mind with regard to facts and
inferences. A very large proportion of all
statements are mere inferences — that is, men
infer from something else that such things
are so. They may be perfectly correct, they
think they are, and could they be content to
leave it just there no harm would ensiie. But
instead of this, they declare these conjectures
to be veritable facts, and insist that others
shall accept them as such. If there is hesita-
tion they feel their character for truthfulness
impugned, and resent it accordingly.
This, is indeed, the chief cause of all the
controversy amd disputes that breed so much
alienation and ill feeling. From the most sim-
ple things in life to the gravest and weightiest,
the habit of asserting, as truths not to be
questioned, is a prolific source of trouble.
Take, for example, an average good humored
crowd, all eager to see the same sight, or to
enter the same door. Each one would ))ro-
bably believe and declare that ho had not
pushed his neighbor, and feel injured if his
assertion was doubted. Yet this is not the
simple matter to determine that it may seem.
There are all degrees of pushing, from the
smallest pressure to the most violent shove.
It may be simply thoughtless; it may be
selfishly malicious. Probably every one pre-
sent has pushed to some extent; not many,
perhaps, intentionallj' ; some not even con-
sciously, but, from eagerness and sj-mpathetic
action, it has been involuntary. In denying
the act, therefore, he challenges contradic-
tion and invites dispute, whereas if he con-
fined his statement to the fact of his own
unconsciousness of the act, he would be both
more truthful and more polite, while the
slightly ruffled feeling would quickly subside.
So in all our social relations; by under-
stating rather than overstating, or by utter-
ing the simplest facts alone as facts, and the
rest merely as our own inferences, conver-
sation would be purified of much of its heated
and unwholsome atmosphere. It is very dif-
ficult to keep this dividing line in view, to
see clearly where fact ends and inference
begins. They seem to merge into one an-
other insensibly, and we claim as much belief
for one as for the other. But in proportion
to our success in separating them, will be our
real trustworthiness. In- relating what we
have seen and heard, the mingling of these
percent. When the witness first commenced
I business, twenty years ago, ho said flour alone two creates unavoidable distrust. The many
214
THE FRIEND.
frauds and impostures that have been car-
ried on under the name of spiritualism, have
thriven on this confusion. People see won-
derful thiniiis, and, failing to discern any ma-
terial at^euey, they declare there is none. The
first assertion, i. e. of what they saw, may be
a fact, but the second is only an inference,
which they are at liberty to accept for them-
selves if they please; but they have no right
to feel hurt or injured if others, reasoning
from the same premises in a different way,
prefer a different conclusion.
Sometimes these inferences are so obvious
and natural that they appeal at once to the
common sense of every one, and are accepted
without hesitation. Yet even here the dis-
tinction should bo borne in mind. A person
goes out of doors, for example, and sees that
the ground is wet, water is running from the
spouts, pedestrians are drenched, and from
those facts he infers that it has rained. The
inference is so reasonable that no one will
dispute it, 5-et it materially diffors in nature
from the facts which he saw and which led
him to the conclusion. Similar effects have
always followed rain, therefore they are at
once accepted as proofs of it; yet, were they
questioned and other causes assigned for them.
It would bo fair matter for investigation. On
the other hand, if upon going out the same
person saw the rain actually descending upon
the streets and paltering upon the roofs, his
statement that it was raining would not be
an inference, but the utterance of a simnle
fact. ^
Perhaps nothing would so much tend to
change the bitter controversy to amicable in-
vestigation as this coming down to first prin-
ciples in our statements. When anythinrr
one says is questioned, the first thing to do il
to clear away the inferences that" are em-
bodied in it. When that is done the chances
are ten to one that the facts, thus simplified
will be accepted, and wo can then to^rether
compare and examine the inferences that
to go to a servant when the Master invites I
us to Himself"
It is the standing wonder to every visitor
to Pompeii, how the people could live with
such narrow streets; or how the carts or car-
riages, whose ruts he sees deeply worn, in the
stono^ pavement, could find a place to pass
each other. But as he'comes to the forum,
he sees that ample space was provided for an
out-of-door mass-meeting. At Ephesus one
can easily trace out the several forums, and
the agora, which we commonly translate by
" maiket," or market place ; where Demetrius
probably gathered those of his craft, and
whence the crowd rushed Paul's companion
into the theatre close by, where they cried
" GreatisDi^anaofthoEphesians!" This mar-
ket of the Greeks, and one sort of forum of
the Eomans, answered to what is here called
■'street." It was where the Pharisees loved
salutations; where the children sat whom
Jesus likened to the men of his generation ;
where Paul and Silas were dragged before the
rulers at Philippi, and where Paul discussed
daily with the men of Athens.
At the present day, those Orientals who
have learned English have in their mind so
firmly the distinction between an oriental,
narrow street, and a wide occidental street,'
where people may assemble in crowds, that
they explain the latter sort by the word
" market." The writer has talked with many
young Syrians, who knew English tolerably
who could not be readily brought to believe'
that " street" in English means the same
thing as their word for street. The idea of
people assembling in the street seemed absurd
to them. On the other hand, the English
word " market," to them, meant nothing more
tlTan a place of assembly, or place where peo-
ple were in the habit of going in order to
meet the business men of the town ; much like
a modern club-room
AmbiT.
iteresting facts in reg
_,. ^.,^^„ „uu.^r ■ ' "'" '"eading-room. That
each party draws. No dispute can continueT 'k ^ u''^"^ ^° '^®" P'''^^''5'o°« ^r wares seems
under such treatment; it will be crushed in I? , ^^^^ "^'®'* '''^'^^ enters their minds.
the bud, but truth may thus be discovered
which no amount of wrangling or contention
could ever disclose.
Another most important effect of keeping
this distinction ever in mind is the safety ft
guarantees against one's one delusions. When
wo find out what is fact, and what is infer-
ence, we shall know what to accept and what
to question. It is he who thus marshals the
forces within him for observation and scrutiny
thai, will be the most cautious in his asser-
tions; and the statement of one who is per-
fectly willing to submit them to criticism
will always be the most trustworthy.— PuJ/jc
Ledger.
" Come Unto Me."— A German duke lay
dying. Anxious about his soul, he spoke to
some around him. One advised him to pray
to the Virgin, another to Saint this, and an-
other to Saint that, when a trusty, godly cour-
tier said, "Your Highness, straight forward
makes the best runner ! Go direct to Christ
and turn not aside for Virgin, saint, or Pope'
Jesus says, 'Gome unto me,' and 'Him that
Cometh unto mo, I will in no wiso cast out.'
V\ e need no spokesman, nor saint, nor an-^el
between us and our Saviour. He who bTds
us come will bid us woleomo. There is no
impertinence in coming to the throne when
we are called; but rather is it unmannerly
Such are the ideas they work out for them-
selves, from the native use of their own words
and the habits of their country. — ,/. If. Bail'.
It is very precious, not only when we meet
together, but at all times, to feel our minds
exercised by, and meditating in, the law of
the Lord, which is spiritual. Those that are
exercised in this law of the Spirit of Life and
walk in obedience to it, no evil nor tempta-
tion shall prevail against; but they will wit-
ness salvation for walls and bulwarks. Some
were witnesses of old that the law of the Lord
was pure and perfect. Many are witnesses of
the same now, and know it so by the opera-
tion of it; and know themselves subjects of
that law which is spiritual within, which
udgeth every vain thought, and every idle
word, and bringeth down every vain imao-ina-
tion. '^
It is a blessed state, to be meditatino- in this
r.u^'^o'"."^ "'ght; for I testify, thatfhis law
ot the Spirit of Life within, was man's rule
whereby he walked innocently and upri-rhtly'
before transgression entered, and before out-
ward characters were invented, or before any
oiitward.law was written or engraved on tables
of stone. To this again are many called, and
many are coming and come; and for over
blessed are those that walk therein and are
ruled thereby.— TF(7/wm Shewai.
The following
the origin, location and method of cnlU
that beautiful substance known as "a;
are collated from an article prepared for
ton's Journal. Prom it we learn that <•
IS found on the western half of the co;
East Prussia, and is that immemorial fat
mineral of which the Phoenicians, those si:
Hebrews of antiquity, managed to kee
monopoly up for centuries by spreading
ble stories about the place of its disco
This natural treasure, once prized as mu
gold, is an extremely fluid resin which gi
forth in that period of creation which w
the tertiary, from certain coniferous (i
varieties of the mighty forest which then
ered great tracts of the Northern conti
Continual discoveries of small creaturei
prisoned in amber, and frequently caugl
the most animated positions, indicate tli "
flow of the plentifully, excreted resin.
their first cradle, the soil of the amber fo
and so, by the agency of some natural pn
which we do not yet thoroughly underst
these masses of resin were carried some
tance off, and deposited at the bottom of
tertiary sea, which, little by little, envoi
them in a stratum of bluoish clay marl,
completed the gradual process of^ their \
faction. This now eagerly sought" blue oat
the modern amber gold- vein, covered ove
the strata of the latter (diluvian and allui
geoligical periods, is now supposed to
meate the entire peninsula of Samland, w
IS thus characterized as having risen from
ocean. In the northwestern portion of
peninsula its presence is scientifically dem
strated over, perhaps, one hundred and
square miles, and at varying depths, it b
along the coast hills as much as forty feet u
water. Granting to this stratum a mcc
thickness often feet, we have here a sul
ranean treasury of stupendous value.
where did the Baltic sea get its provisio
loose, floating amber which appeared in
world's markets before Nero's famous am
triumph, and which seems even ..„
haustible? Clearly nowhere else than ft
this same blue amber stratum, which stret
ing northward, as also some fifty miles
ward toward Dantzic, under the ocean bai
has been, through some grading of the latti
laid bare and gnawed away by the action
the stormy waves. While in some places I
process of collecting is carried on by dredgiil
the waves act here on a large scale just aS
heavy dredges on a smaller scale iu the si
stratum at Schwarzort, where dred
used entirelj'. Here, when the wind i
right quarter, the mineral which has been t(
from its bod is driven toward the land, aL
with its inseparable companion the sea tai
or amber weed, and is fished out with bag-n
by the villagers, whom its appearance calls
haste to the beach. During this operati(
the men, standing breast deep in the wat
shake out the contents of the nets to
women and children, who stay further ba
to be by them more thoroughly examine^
a work which, especially in the late autun
when the sharp northwest wind turns t
spray, which often washes over their hea
to icicles, can hardly be called sport. T
largo piecesof this valuable mineral, howev
often sink wrapped in masses of tang, fur oi
side of the surf, stopped by big s'tones,
which latter they get covered "through t
THE FRIEND.
215
, of the waves. To get at this booty the
if hunters wait until complete calm sets
nd theu begins the other method, hitlier-
slomary — -the so-called amber spearing.
r use long spears with tip-t of different
es, or, in case of necessity, heavy, two
ged, crooked forks. One party turn the
rincumbentstones, while another sot, with
arly long bag-nets, catch and draw out
imber weed. An unusually rich deposit
lis kind — in this case, probably amber
;h has beeu driven up for centuries and
red with heavy blocks and rubble— exists
tract of perhaps six hundred paces ■■
th and four hundred in breadth at the fool
ic northwest point of Brustevort, whici
;posed to the existing currents of all the
L'S and %vinds. To get at this reef or riff
er, which is greatly valued on account ol
eautiful color and quality, all sorts of ex-
ments have been tried. As the above
ribed manipulation of spearing p;
fHcient, on account of the superincumoeni
ks of stones, recciurse was had to heavy
ers and hand screws, by means of which
3olossal rocks were heaved out upon rafts,
was not f-uccessful. But, at last, acniple
rench mechanicians, well acquainted with
ng, were sent to Brustevort, where they
i formed a corps of skilful divers, and this
hod has proved a success.
when at an age to put on buttoned clothes,
his feelings had been hurt to .see how fantasti-
cally their clothes wore made, so many need-
less buttons, &c.
After he withdrew, the way was left open
for many exercised minds to obtain some re-
lief. Sarah Cresson strengthened the concern
by adding her portion, believing, as she said,
the time was coming that the Babylonish
garment would be searched out; that though
some might say these were little things; yet
they were an outward and visible sign of in-
ward want: encouraged heads of f.imilies to
be faithful to those placed undi;r their care
Take time to sit down in retiremetit with
their little ones, that so a blessing might
tend. She expressed a hope, that by dis-
charging their duty in these respects, a little
army would be raised up for the Lord, from
among the youth in this Yearly Meeting, who
would stand faithful for the law and testi-
mony. There was much solemnity over the
meeting under these communications; no
doubt it was the language of the Spirit to the
church, through these instruments.
There was one part of dear T. Shillitoe's
concern which I omitted. In speaking of the
children's dress,— it prepared the way for de-
partures as they grew up, and often was the
means of introducing them into unsuitable
compan}', whereby there were outgoings in
marriage.
eth, or whither it goeth ;" but it breathes
upon the human spirit— the stormy passions
subside; falsehood, fraud, lust, and avarice
disappear; and truth, purity, meekness, and
love reign supreme in the soul. It is a trans-
mutation beyond what the philosopher sought
in the fabled stone whose touch would trans-
mute into gold. It is a new creation from
the breath of Him who created all worlds
and breathed into all spirits. Spiritual power
is not beauty of presence nor dignity of form.
It is not learning, nor rhetoric, nor logic, nor
oratory ; but it can use these for its one great
end. It can burn and shine in the highest
periods of the most eloquent speaker, and it
can thrill in theaccenisof the unlettered man.
It can invest the words that drop from the
mother's lips, and it can wing the lispings of
the little child. It can use all there is of a
human being, and of his acquirements, for the
glory of God and for the advancement of his
Church.— i?(s/iop Simpson.
Selected for "The Friend."
account of I'ae Yearly Meeting of Philadelpliia
of 18i9.
From the Memoir of Hannah Williams.
3venth-day morning, met at 9 o'clock
rtly after the meeting settled, men Friend,
rmed us that Thomas Shillitoe wished to
a visit to women's meeting; which being
,ed with he came, and was favored to ad-
is the youth with an earnest call, which
)elieved would not always be extended to
children of this people ; but if disregarded
slighted, not being willing to deny them
es and come forward in tne Lord's cause
truth and righteousness, that the verj
les of the street would cry out, and those
n highways and hedges would be called in
ake°th 'ir places— even the places of the
dren of professing Abraham. I thought
fervency and earnest travail of this faith-
servant did indeed claim the very close
mtion of all. I did believe it to be a gos-
call. He then addressed the female heads
families; encouraged them so to manage
ir domestic matters, as to have more quiet
their families. His mind had often been
tied to sec the bustle and hurry many were
hardly time to sit down at all; that in
sequence of their tables being furnished
h such a variety, they were much engaged
cooking: that three times a day to cook
t-m victuals, kept the female head and her
p (if she had any) almost all day cookimr
I washing dishes, that time ^ '•""■
reading vvas precluded,
Power is in its nature indescribable. It is
known simply by its results. Gravitation,
that greatest of all material powers, cease-
lessly active, everywhere potent, is wholly be-
yond our research, or even our conception.
Where are those cords, stronger than steel,
which bind the planets to their centres ?
Where are those unseen ties that like a un'
versal net- work envelop every atom in the
air, and makes it fall to the earth, and not
THE FRIEND.
SECOND MONTH 15, 1879.
We have received a letter from one of our
subscribers in a distant State, requesting the
discontinuance of his paper on the ground of
dissatisfaction with its teachings on the great
subject of man's salvation. His own views
are evidently identical, or nearly so, with
those advocated in the Tract called Archibald
Boyle, which was commented on in No. 24,
of our present volume ; according to which
salvation is in our reach at any moment we
choose to strettdi forth our hand and take it,
by exercising faith in the atonement of our
Saviour, which faith we have in our pos-
ill be given us of God, when-
session, or it
ever we choose to use it. Ho objects to our
merely to the earth, but in a direct line toward I teaching, that "wo must be born again "in
the center of the earth, though it be thou- connection with the doctrine that " any faith
sands of miles away, and can never be reached? we can put forth is only intellectual and there
it seems an emblem of God, filling all space, fore superficial " "- ■"' - ->-""- " ♦" '•«
etiroment
He gave solid ad-
ilence before meals, that as
e respectit
3 practice was carefully observed with
irts of gratitude for bodily refreshment,
:ir souls would sometimes be spiritually re-
shed. He mentioned, also, his exercises on
;ount of the manner in which mothers dress
sir children in infant life ; though to appear-
36, tolerably consistent themselves, yet, by
sir conduct in these matters, proved they
re not abiding under the power of the cross
themselves. Mentioned the little boys,
operating through all mtitter. If the dream
of astronomers be true, that not only second
aries surround their planets, and planets their
suns, but that suns revolve around the centre
of immense systems, and all these centres
through the immensity of space move round
one irreal centre, who can even conceive the
magnitude of a force that can thus operate
through infinite space with precisely the same
law of attraction for vast worlds and for in-
finitesimal atoms? It is a force never seen,
and yet it operates alike in the sunshine and
the dark. It is never heard, and j^et it sends
its myriads of worlds singing and shining on
their way. Think of that magnetic power
which makes the steel filings, though in a
mass of dust and rubbish, and clippings of tin
and brass, leave them all and fly up and kiss
the magnet. It touches that pivoted needle,
and li\^s and treasure are secure upon the
stormy ocean in the darkest night by its un-
erring guidance. The winds blow ever so
fiercely, the cold comes over so freezingly, the
waves roll ever so furiously, and the vessel
pitches and sinks as though it would be sub-
merged, and yet that strange influence, un-
seen, unheard, unfelt even by the most sensi-
tive nerves, holds the needle in its place. Who
nduciiig persons " to re-
to an unsatisfied, anxious
sio-n theinsel
life."
We notice this letter in this manner, be-
cause we consider it as a fair exposition of
religious views which have largely spread
in our Society of latter times. They have
caused in ourselves some searching of heart,
with a desire not to be found in opposition to
anything which bears the impress of the Di-
vine sanction. It is easy to see how attrac-
tive they may prove to those who can per-
suade themselves of their truth. When the
Spirit of Christ brings us under condemnation
for sin, and we feel the terrors of the Lord for
disobedience, and His cleansing baptisms,
which are compared in the Scriptures to fire,
and are hard to endure ; what a relief it would
often bo to us to believe, not only that a door
of reconciliation with the Father was opened
to us through the atoning sacrifice of the Sa-
viour, but also that it was not needful for us
to submit to such suffering, since Christ had
borne all our sufferings for us. Is it wonder-
ful that many, even of those who would not
willingly go astray, should incautiously im-
bibe t1ie doctrine that no such tedious and
trying process— no such fiery baptism— was
necessary to be endured, as they had formerly
ee it in its 'supposed ; but that they might safely cast it
s. So with 'all off, be freed from all anxiety and care, and
can tell what is power? Wo
effects, we measure it in its results. ,^„ „..--,--
spiritual power. We cannot tell " whence it walk perpetually in a .sunny pato way r
21G
THE FRIEND.
Wo have not beeu able to find sufficient evi-
dence of the truth of this self-pleasing theory,
cither in the languatro of the sacred Scrip-
tures, or in the dealings of the Lord with
those who, having come out of great tribula-
tion, have washed their robes and made them
white in the blood of the Lamb. Our Society
has over firmly held that all merit and all
worthiness is in Christ alone, that our salva
tion is of pure mere}', and that wo have noth
ing of our own to trust to ; but it has held with
equal firmness the truth, that all who are
saved must be brought into communion with
Christ, into a participation in His holy, pure
nature, and that this is effected in man by th
operations of His own Divine Spirit: that
while our sins are forgiven for the sake of Him
who died on the cross that we might obtain
eternal life, yet that we can have no part in
tliat salvation unless He wash us: that this
washing is that baptism which is declared to
be " with the Holy Ghost and with fire ;" that
tiie corruptions of the heart must be burnt up
with His "unquenchable fire."
It was to bear testimony to this practical
way of obtaining a sure salvation, that our
Society was i-aised up in the beginning. Its
eaily members endeavored to draw people oft'
irom a dependence on outward rites and cei'e-
monies, or on any works of their own, and to
fix them on Christ Jesus, both in his outward
coming in the prepared body, and in his second
coming in the hearts of men as a sanctifier
and redeemer from the power of sin. Their
experience and the efi:ect of their teaching,
were the very reverse of that " unsatisfied life"
to which the letter of our subscriber refers.
On the contrary, many of them have testified
that through patient endurance of the refin-
ing operations of the Lord, and obedient fol
lowing of the guidance of his Holy Spirit,
they came to experience a state of peace and
settlement, and true satisfaction of mind, look-
ing unto tlio Lord for preservation from day
to day, and knowing their sins to be forgiven
through faith in His blessed Son — a faith
which was of the operation of God. Yet they
were preserved from presumptuous security,
fully accepting the warning of our Saviour —
" Watch and pray lest ye enter into tempta
tion;" and of His apostle—" Work out your
own salvation with fear and trembling," " Let
him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest
he fall."
We desire that our distant friend, and all
those among us who hold similar views, may
seriously consider the advice given by Thomas
Story to one of his correspondents in the year
1715 : "And now, dear friend, I recommend
thee to God ; exhorting thee to believe in His
Grace given thee through Christ Jesus the
Lord ; even in the ingrafted Word which is
able to save thy soul. * * * Por through
faith in the true Light, and walking therein,
is not only the true church-fellowship, but
also there, and not otherwise, doth the blood
of Christ the Son cleanse from all unrighteous
ness."
An elaborate report on Alaska, by a special agent of
the Treasury Department, makes it appear the country
is far from wdi-lliless, and besides valuable timber, and
fisheries, |. . 1, rirli mines of gold, silver and copper.
I" thr M II 1 ,.;, I 111' United State.s exported paper
andslaii.in, lA, i,, ili,. value of $662,332, and the imports
amoMiit.-.l lu >1,:;-Ji; Kiij. In the year 1878, the im-
ports liad fallen to $135,487, and the exports increased
to $1,108,318.
Over fifty thousand tea plants have been distributed
lately in the Middle .and Southern States, by the Bureau
of Agricnlture. In three or four years, these plants
•should be large enough to permit a full picking of
leaves.
Cotton warehouses are to be built at New Orleans
sufficient to accommodate 2,000,000 bales of cotton each
season, and a .site has been selected with a river front-
age of about half a mile in length. Every bale will be
exposed to view, and each one can be taken out, with
out removing any other; these will be handled by
travelling hydraulic cranes. The yards will be covered
by glass roofs, and the entire levee, by an iron roof
There will be eight presses, each capable of turning out
2,000 bales of compressed cotton every twenty-four
hours.
The citizens of Omaha and vicinity, have shipped a
car-load of flour to Scotland for the relief of the desti-
tute people of Glasgow. Free transportation has been
"urnished to New York by the railroad companies, and
to Glasgow by the Anchor Line Steamship Company.
T-i,,..; — (i,g p.jg[ ygjj^^ 5g3^ immigrants arrived at
Dn
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— The total tonnage of anthracite
coal from all the regions for the week ending on the
1st inst., was 311,073 tons, against 235,206 tons in cor-
responding week of last year. For the coming year,
the trade is said to bear an unusually promising out-
look. It is generally conceded the amount of coal in
stock is unusually light.
There are 179,204 miles of telegraph wire in this
country. Britain has 108,000 miles; Russia, 31,000 ;
I'ranoe, 25,000; Canada, 20,000; German v, 19 000
this port from foreign countries; 3474 males, and 2103
females. The countries from which they came were
Austria, 69; Belgium, 183; Cuba, 1; Denmark, 82;
England, 1010; France, 194; Germany, 1434; Gr
2; HoU.and, 44; Hungary, 5; Ireland, 968; West In-
dies, 4 ; Italy, 377 ; Norway, 576 ; Russia, 40 ; Scotland,
; Spain, 6; Sweden, 437 ; Switzerland, 109;" Turkey,
2; Wales, 18.
The statistics of visitors to Fairmount Park during
the past year, entering at points where records are kept,
aggregate 671,537 one-horse vehicles, 402,666 two-horse
vehicles, 69 four-horse vehicles, and 4 six-horse vehi-
cles ; equestrians, 67,404 ; pedestrians, 3,378,917 ; one-
horse sleighs, 6890; two-horse sleighs, 3507.
The total value of exports from Philadelphia, for last
month, was $3,198,499.
During the week ending on the 8th inst., there were
in New Y'ork 502 deaths ; and in this city for the same
period 353 : 227 of whom were adults.
Markets, &c. — The following were quotations on the
8th inst. U. S. sixes, 1881, 106| ; do. 5's, 104.^ ; 4i per
cents, registered, 105 ; coupon, 1061 : 4 per cents, lOOV ■
5-20s, 1867, 102J ; do, 1868, 103.
Cotton. — The demand continues limited, but prices
were unchanged.
Petroleum.— Crude 8}- cts. in barrels, and standard
white, 9^^ cts. for export, and 11 J a 12i cts. per gallon
for home
Flour.— Minnesota extra, $4.25 a $5 for medium to
fancy ; Penna. $4.50 a $4.75 ; western, $4.80 a $5.50
and for patent $5.50 a $5.75. Rye flour, $2.60 a $2.75
per barrel.
Grain— Wheat, prices are firmer— Penna. red, $1.03
a $1.05; do. amber, *1.C5 a $1.06. Corn, 43 a 45 cts.
per bushel. Oats, 29 a 31 cts. per bushel.
Hay and Straw — Average price during the week :
Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts. per 100 pounds ; mixed, 40
a 55 cts. ; straw, 55 a 65 cts. per 100 pounds.
Beef cattle were in demand this week, and prices
firm — 3295 head were sold at Z\ a 5J cts. per pound as
to condition. Sheep sold at 4 a 6 cts., and hogs at 5 a
6| cts. per pound as to quality.
A bill allowing women to practise as attorneys before
the United States Supreme Court has been passed by
Congress, and goes to the President.
Foreign. — Telegrams from London on the 10th,
quotes U. S. bonds at 106| for the new 5's, 103J for the
1867'.s, 107 for 10-40's, and 108J for new 4i's. Silver
is quoted at 49|d. per ounce.
The Bank of England is nearly 185 years old. It
was constituted as a joint .stock company, with a capital
of £1,200,000, and now employs 800 men. Nothing
le.ss th.an a £5 note is ever issued, and no note is issued
second time.
The excitement which has existed for some weeks in
reference to the disease among American cattle, has
much subsided. The Government now intimates, that
unle.ss future shipments prove the existence of the
disease, they have no intention of taking steps toward
•••terference with the trade.
_ The strike of the dock laborers at Liverpool con-
tinues, and they have been joined by some sailors and
other classes. It is estimated that the number now on
.strike is between 50,000 and 60,000. A niili
is on hand to assist in preserving order if
Five hundred men were brought from Glas-
10th, to work on the Cunard docks.
Information has been received from Cape I
a British column, consisting of a part of the
ment, a battery of artillery, and 600 native ai
was utterly annihilated on the 21st ult., by 20,OUO i
who captured a valuable convoy of wagons, oxe
munition, provision, &c. The British force, it i
has been compelled to recross the borders.
In Russia, the plague is said to have made
pearance in a few places outside the previously in
district. Numerous sanitary, municipal, p'rov
and other committees are organizing, with the ob
promoting cleanliness among the poorer classes, e
ally in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
The authorities of Malta have decided to \m\
quarantine of twenty-one days on vessels arriving
Russian ports in the Black Sea and Sea of Azofl". i
antine has also been ordered in all the Spanish pc
Bismarck's Parliamentary Discipline hill, has
so modified by the Committee of the Federal Co
as in great part to relieve it of its offensive char
and in this form passed the Reichstag by one vote
The new President of France, in his message t
Chambers, says: "The National Assembly in ra
me to the Presidency has imposed great duties
me. I shall apply my.self unremittingly to thei
complishment. Sincerely submissive to the grea
of parliamentary government, I shall never enter
conflict with the national will, conveyed throng
constitutional organs. In the application of the
which give to our general policy its character
the Government will be influenced by the spirit wl
in those laws were dictated. It will be liberal and
towards all — the protector of all legitimate intei
and the resolute defender of the interests of the St
Five members of the Cabinet, as now constiti
are Protestants.
Henry M. Stanley, the explorer, has agreed to
the Belgian exploring expedition, which is sot
start for Africa.
The commercial visitors from the United State
Mexico, have been received in a most hospitable t
ner by both government and people.
According to the recent report of the Post-Mai
Generiil of Japan, there are 3792 post-ofl5ces noi
operation, and 6455 receptacles for mails. They t
street letter boxes in their principal cities, and a sys
of free delivery. The whole number of newspaj
letters, books, samples, &c., carried during the y
was 47,192,286, of which more than 25,000,000 v
letters, and 9,616,137 were Japanese newspapers. Tl
were 10,036,900 postal cards. The department is i\
sustaining, and earns a surplus for the governm:!
The system has been in nse about seven years, and j
tends completely over the country, and is working j
parently with as much smoothness and accuracy as \
own of which it is a close copy. ;
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL. |
The Committee on Instruction of Westtown Bo»j
ing School, meet at the Committee Room in Philadj
phia, on Seventh-day, 2d mo. 26th, at 10 A. M. 1
Joseph Walton, Clerk
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,'
Near Frankford, (Twenty third Ward,) PhiladelphU
PhysicianandSuperintendent— John C.Hall, M.
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boards
Managers.
Married, in Friends' meeting, at Spring river, i
the 25th of 12lh mo. 1878, Hiram Picket, of Cotto
wood Monthly Meeting, to Syrena Picket, of ^
first named meeting. j
, at Friends' meeting. West Chester, Pa., i
the Gth inst., .Jonathan Tomunson and AlveB
Burke, both of West Chester.
Died, at her residence, near Barnesville, Belmoi
Co., Ohio, on the 16th of 1st mo. 1879, Phariba, wi
of Peter Sears, in the 57th year of her age, a membi
of Stillwater Monthly and 'Particular Meeting. SI
'iis very earnest in tiie attendance of meeting.s, whe
er health would permit, and was deeply imbued wit
the principles of Friends. Her friends have the con
forting hope that she is now among the number " whic
came out of great tribulation, and have washed the:
robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb,
THR
A RELIGIOUS
FRIRND.
AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
>L. LI I.
SEVEXTH-DAY, SECOND MONTH
NO. 28.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY,
if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
idyance $2.50 | 10 cents extra i.s cliarged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
abdcrlptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
). 116 .>fORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
Fur "The Friend."
Elizabeth Bathurst.
long thoao raised up to bear testimony
truth as it is in Jesus, in the early days
Society of Friends, was Elizabitth
iirst, of London, who deceased in the
part of the 17th century, while still a
pf woman. The information respecting
rhich has como to the knowledge of the
r, is derived from a small volume of her
gs, to which are prefi.xcd some testi
C3 to her character and worth from such
known Friends as George Whitehead,
Marshall and others,
e clear religious experience, maturity of
ect, and mental discrimination mani-
1 in her writings, are quite remarkable ;
fully justify the reference thereto made
;orge Whitehead in his affectionate testi-
al respecting her. As this ancient record
ely and instructive, a few paragraphs
't are here inti'oduced :
Jlessed be the Lord our God who hath
pleased to make good his promise in our
of the pouring out of his Holy Spirit so
■fully as He hath done, to the enabling
ind daughters to prophes}', and to bear
iiony to his glorious name and living
for the stirring up the hearts of many
e sons and daughters of men to seek after
and lay hold of Him in his gracious visi-
n and appearance, by his Light and Spirit,
their bouls for salvation from sin and
knew this virtuous and pious maid from
fii'st convincement and receiving the
ed Truth as it is in Christ Jesus, in the
thereof. * * The seed of Life and
:e took place and root in her heart, which
retiredly attended upon, after her mind
cted and turned inward to the
tion and Divine light thereof, and the
blessed and helped her forward in her
tual journej^ * * She was divinely
red, and attained unto an excellent gift
of understanding, life and utterance, to
iffecti ng and tendering the hearts of many
ur public assemblies, who were seeking
way 10 Zion, and astonishing others that
3 more rernote from the Truth. And be-
of the meanness or weakness of her pi
ome people would not believe that her
entitled Truth's Vindication, cE-c, was of
own inditing; or that such depth of mat-
and aptness of expression could be in, or
flow from that vessel ; but I am a witness it
was her own, and proceeded from her own
proper gift received : she showed it mo in her
own handwriting before it was printed, and
gave sufficient demonstration of her under-
standing in those subjects she writ upon.
"Having in a few years faithfully finished
her testimony, after a time of much weakness
of bod^', she ended her da\'s in peace; the
Lord whom she served took her to himself
out of all her affliction and labors."
Her father says, that from infancy she " was
attended with great weakness of body, so that
she was four years of age before she could go
alone ; but that great weakness of body the
Lord was pleased to supply with large endow-
ments of mind; her memory very great, her un-
derstanding veiy ripe; and those gifts which
the Lord was pleased to give her, she did cm-
ploy to his service again.
After long walking in profession of re-
ligion, in which she did exceed many of her
equals, she had at lait her understanding
opened, and became convinced of God's ever-
lasting Truth [as held by Friends] which was
not above seven years before the Lord was
pleased to take her to himself; in which time
what her labors, travels and sufferings were,
many in this cit3' can testify and bear witness
to; her travels to Bristol in the time of the
hottest persecution there, to bear a public
testimony for the Lord's name and truth ; her
public testimonies in her journey thither and
back again, viz., in Windsor, Reading, Now-
havy, Marlborough, Oxford, &j. I say, the
consideration having accompanied her in her
journey, and how wonderfully tho Lord was
pleased to strengthen her weak body, never
having travelled one-quarter of the journey
before, and how the Lord was pleased to fur-
nish her with suitable and seasonable testi-
monies for the time and place where she went.
After all this, her imprisonment in tho Mar-
shalsea in Southwark, and how wonderfully
the Lord preserved her in her weakness there,
and gave her a mouth and wisdom to answer
her opposers, insomuch that the Justices that
committed her, thought her to be a person of
great learning and education.
"I could say much more, but my loss of her
after all, I say the deep consideration of it
sets the wound fresh a bleeding."
Charles Marshall describes, in moving lan-
guage, the religious opportunity in which a
visitation of Divine love effectually reached
her heart, and turned her mind to wait upon
and obej- the Light of Christ revealed within
her, which she found (as all others have done
who faithfully follow it) to lead her in the
way of salvation. He says :
" When I first knew this young woman, sh
was a very zealous professor, and albeit she
had several times opportunities to hear truth'.,
testimonies, yet that eye was not opened that
saw between things that differed in their root;
but it pleased the Lord in the riches of his
love in great compassion to visit her and
Charles Bathurst's other children at the same
time, at a season not expected, &c.
" The sense of which preciousseason is with
me, and in the living remembrance thereof I
cannot well pass by hinting something of the
manner of it; she and her dear father and
mother, with his other children ; we were sit-
ting together before the Lord, whoso presence
was manifest with us, and a visitation in the
ving power of the Lord was extended unto
them, and in tho word of life was opened to
them, the ancient path of the just, and a tes-
timony that the set time was come for their
being turned from darkness to light, and from
Satan's pjwer to the power of the living God ;
and as the way of life was opened to them,
the power of the L >rd fell on them, tho
youngest daughter being much broken and
trembled, Elizabeth was about to make some
reply to me, but it was said unto her, The
lay of the Lord's visitation is over thee, it is
hard for thee to kick against the pricks. She
burst out into abundance of tears, and all of
us were greatly bowed down before the Lord
n tho sense of the majesty of his Divine
power. After some time they retired to their
chambers, where they spent their time in
bowedness of soul, seeking after favor with
God, and as their superfluities in apparel and
other things, became a weight and burthen,
they gave up in obedience to the teachings of
the Heavenly Grace of God ; O ! that none
might put on that which in obedience to the
Lord, these and many more put off in the day
of visitation; and were stripped of all those
things into plainness and deep humility, and
were sweetly kept down to the working power
of the Lord, in the revealings of the heavenly
cross of our Lord Jesus, which they found
crucifying them through faith and obedience
to the world, and the world to them ; and
they saw the chaffy profession with which
they had endeavored to fill themselves; and
that this was nothing to the Word of Life that
opened to them, that the way to life was
through death ; and sweellj' did this dear
handmaid of the Lord walk, and the work of
redemption and salvation prospered, and was
cut short in righteousness, so that she became
one of the wise virgins of the day, and holy oil
was poured in her lamp, that shined bright;
she then looked on the mountains of profes-
sion, where she had wandered, and to the
people with whom she had been seeking the
living amongst tho dead, and her bowels
yearned to her neighbors, and she called to
them and told them, the lost piece of silver was
found, and informed them how she found it,
which was through her candle being lighted
at the divine fire, the Heavenly Grace that
came by Jesus Christ, and seeing the heart
foul, had been sweeping, and so found that
which made her soul rejoice, and desired the
same for them, and so an increase of wisdom
was given her to speak a word in due season :
and she was di'awn in the same love to visit
some counties, and to tell what God had done
!18
THE FRIEND.
for her soul, and had a tender serviceable re-
ception in the assemblies of God's people
where she travelled, and was guided to open
the way of life and death in print, as ye may
see, in which she had pure openings given
her, and a blessed understanding, with spirit-
ual skill, and great wisdom to open truth's
way, and discover the enemy's ways and
wiles, by which he had misled many ; and
that the reader may discern it so, let the fol-
lowing tracts be read seriously, and con-
sidered duly and truly. When they first came
forth I was refreshed, and bowed before the
great God for his tender mercies, that con-
founds the wisdom of the wise, and brings to
nought the understanding of the prudent, and
perfects his praise out of the mouths of babes
and sucklings. O ! that all j'oung women
that read this, may follow this good example,
and not through running into, and choosing
lying vanities, forsake their own mercies, am
so miss of that sweet, heavenly, durable por
tion this dear virgin enjoyed, who run her
course in life's race, and then laid down her
head in pure peace, enjoying an immortal
Sabbath, and with the virtuous king's daugh-
ters, who are glorious within, who rejoice in
God their Saviour, and magnify his great and
glorious name, for whose work of salvation in
our age, and letting us see the travail of our
souls, and be satisfied in Him, to whom bo all
thanksgivings, through Christ Jesus our Lord,
and high praises for ever, and for evermore.
Amen, amen."
(To be concluded.)
Tlie Golden Eagle.
Frank Buckland, in his "Curiosities of
Natural History," gives the following account
of a tame eagle which he once possessed : " A
few nights afier his arrival at his new abode,
the whole house was aroused by cries, as of a
child in mortal agony. The night was in-
tensely dark, but at length the boldest of the
family ventured out to see what was the mat-
ter. In the middle of the grass-plat was the
eagle, who had evidently a victim over which
he was cowering with outstretched wings,
croaking a hoarse defiance to the intruder
upon his nocturnal banquet. On lights being
brought, he hopped off, with his prey in one
claw, to a dark corner, where he was left to
enjoy it in peace, since it was evidently not,
as was first feared, an infant rustic from the
neighboring houses. The mystery was not,
however, cleared up for some days, when a
large lump of hedgehog's bristles and bones,
rejected by the bird, at once explained th
nature of his meal. He had caught the hedge
hog unawares, and, in spite of his formidable
armor of bristles, had managed to uncoil him
with his sharp bill, and to devour him. H
the prickles found their way down his throat
is best known to himself, but it must have
been rather a stimulating feast."
This eagle was the terror of all the pets of
the house, for it, in course of time, devoured
several cats, and guinea pigs and dogs, while
upon one occasion a favorite monkey only
saved his life by his agility in climbing. At
last he escaped, while living in a courtyard
near Westminster Abbey. "He first man-
aged to flutter up to the top of the wall,
thence he took flight unsteadily and with
difficulty, until he had cleared the houses;
but, as he ascended into midair his strength
returned, and he soared majestically up."
After performing numerous gyrations over
the towers of Westminster Abbe^', ho perched
upon one of the pinnacles. There he ftirmed
a most striking object, and a crowd speedily
collected to behold this unusual spectacle.
After gazing about him for a time he rose,
and began ascending by successive circles
to an immense height, and then floated off
to the north of London, occasionally giving
a gentle flap with his wings, but otherwise
appearing to sail away to the clouds, among
which ho was ultimately lost. After his dis-
appearance his master said, with a discon-
solate air, 'Well, I've seen the last of my
eagle;' but, thinking that he might possibly
find his way back to his old haunt, a chicken
was tied to a stick in the courtyard, and, just
before dark the eagle came back, his huge
win^s rustling in the air. The chicken cowed
down to the ground, but in vain. The eagle
saw him, and pounced down in a moment in
his old abode. While he was busily engaged
in devouring the chicken, a shawl was thrown
over his head, and he was easily secured."
For "The Friend."
Thoughts and Feelings.
CONVERSATION.
Notwithstanding the query and precept of
the apostle Peter, " Who is a wise man and
endued with knowledge among you? let him
show out of a good conversation bis works loith
meekness of wisdom" there is not perhaps a
more obvious departure or lapse from the
right ways of the Lord, nor from the true end
of this responsible yet fleeting s]3an of exist-
ence, than in neglecting to maintain in the
3ekness of wisdom" a conversation becom-
the followers of Him, who shed His pre-
cious blood that He might redeem from everj'
'n-pleasing and corruptible thing. Which is
more fully set forth in another exhortation of
the same apostle : " Ye know that ye were
not redeemed with corruptible things as silver
and gold, from your vain conversation; but
with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb
without blemish and without spot." We want
more of a separation from the spirit of the
world; more watchfulness unto prayer; a
more thorough leavening, and vital impress
of the Christian life ; wiih a more lively sense
that the Omniscient eye is continually upon
us, and that every word we speak is known
to Him who made us.
Wm. Penn, in writing of himself and con
temporaries says : We acted " as those that
believed awl fdt God present ; which kept our
conversation innocent, serious and weighty,"
&c. "Our words," he continues, "were few
and savory, our looks composed and weighty,
and our whole deportment very observabl
True it is, that this retired and strict sort of
life from the liberty of the conversation of the
world, exposed us to the censures of many,
as humorists, conceited, and self-righteous
persons, &c. But it was our preservation from
many snares, to which others were continu-
ally exposed by the prevalency of the lust of
the eye, the lusfeof the flesh, and the pride of
life, that wanted no occasions or temptations
to excite them abroad in the converse of the
world."
So manifest, as well as so lamentable is our
degeneracy from this ancient standard ; so
worldly-minded has the conversation of the
many become, that, judging by the fruit of the
lips, we might almost, however unwillinglj-, jspoken unto you the word of God
query, whether God is in all their thoughts ?i faith follow, considering the end of their c
seeing so little evidence thereof in their daily I'crsrt^/on, Jesus Christ," &c.
intercourse among men ; and, may wo sa
so little also in the social interchano-e
thought at home. It was no doubt in i
of this, that the gifted Hannah Mon
greatly wondered ; and, in her Allegorj
titled "The Pilgrims," thus conveyed:
listened to every party, but in scarcely
did I hear one word about the land to w
they were bound, &c. Instead of this, i
whole talk was about the business, or the |
sures, or the fashions of the strange bu(
witching country which they were mi
passing through, and in which they had
one foot of land which they were sure of (
ing their own for the next quarter of an ho
And this too, notwithstanding an apo
has, for our learning, warning, and obed
written: "Seeing then that all these tl
shall be dissolved, what manner of p.
ought ye to be in all holy conversation
godliness," &c. |
It is by no means the wish of the wt
by these remarks, to incite to a formal, !
less conversation on unfelt truths. This wc
be a dangerous error on the other hand, i
that we would urge is, to have the heart d
imbued with the love of Christ in tho
place ; when, as surely as effect followi
cause, out of the abundance thereof, the
would speak. Or, as was said by a hea
writer : "Such as a man is, such are his wo:
We are assured that did obedience keep
with knowledge, we should not only see ij
be our duty, but be enabled to " put off,
corning the former conversation, the old
which is corrupt according to the deci
lusts; and that we put on the new man, w
after God is created in righteousness and 1;
holiness." If this were the case, if our al
tions were deeply set upon heaven and hoav
ly things, and less upon " the bewitch
country we are merely passing through," d
any one suppose that our conversation wo
savor so much of the earth and the Ihiiigf
the earth ? that there would be so much tool
talking and jesting? that time, and miml,!
talent would be allowed so to run to was
instead of, as enjoined by Paul upon the sai
at Philippi : " Only let your conversation
as it becoraeth the gospel of Christ."
It is with great deference, as well as mt
regard and solicitude, that we would pl(
with professed followers of a world-renoi
ing Lord, whatever be the profession of fi
in Jesus, that we should look narrowly i
this wide-spread departure from the holy
ample and precepts of our great Pattern s
High Priest; and from those of His discij
and followers in every age of the world. '.
Saviour's words are : " Every idle word t
men shall speak, they shall give acco
thereof in the day of judgment; for by
words thou shalt be justified, and bj'thy wc
thou shalt bo condemned." The Psalmist
from the mouth of the Most High, dcclai
"To him that ordereth his conversation arij
will I show the salvation of God." The a{
tie rejoices " that in simplicity and godlj^ i
cerity, not with fleshly wisdom, but by the gt
of God, we have had our conversation in
world," &c. Again, " If any man among 3
seem to bo religious, and bridleth not his long
but doceiveth his own heart, this man's
Again, " Eemember th
which have the rule over you, who hi
whi
THE FRIEND.
219
ee all watch and strive to have the
-the heart — pare. Then will the
ms be also. If the love of God dwell in
;hly, we cannot bat speak with delight
is own excellent name. Our conversa-
would be more of heaven, and the kinp;-
and power, and grace of Jesus. We
not fail, from contrite, devout, and lov-
pirits to bless and glorify Him : to utter
lemory of His great goodness, and speak
e glory of His majestj'. To declare His
ty acts, and to extol Him king forever
whose lips was found no guile.
For '■ The Friend."
Incidents and Reflections, — No. 14.
UE SOURCE OE SPIRITUAL KNOWLEDGE.
omas Story relates that when yet young
'gious experience, throe small books on
ous subjects were sent to him, which, he
I took kindly, as well intended. But
3 favored of the Lord with something to
understanding and support in time
ed, more excellent than books; for that
which had been sealed as with seven
was now in measure opened by the
rful voice of the Lion of the royal tribe,
ly the holy Lamb of God ; even the book
eternal law of God ; the law of the
t of life from the Father, by Christ the
Redeemer of the world; and mj- delight
o read day and night therein : by which
fited more, in a short time, in the knowl-
of God, and the things of his holy king-
than if I could have read and understood
e written and printed books in the world,
refore declined reading these books till a
proper season ; and then I looked into
f the books aforesaid, a small tract con-
ag prayer : for it must be allowed, that
eading of good books, especially the Holy
tures, the chief of all, and upon which
ruth of the rest depends, is highly profi-
and commendable."
the year 1676, Thomas Story unfolded
ews of the way in which true spiritual
rledge is to bo obtained, in a letter writ-
:o an unknown correspondent. He ob-
'fone know the Father but the Son, and
homsoever the Son will reveal Him; and
can come to the Son unless the Father
him. Men, by their reasoning about
hings of God in a natural state, ignorant | and repl}' to
od, have made the Gospel, to themselves,
) effect, as the Jews did the law, by their
tion.
Whilst I remained reasoning with flesh
blood, I had no true peace or knowledge
od ; but when it pleased Him to reveal
ife of his Son in me, then I denied myself
the world, with all the vain pleasures
glory of it, and likewise my own wisdom,
to the world became as a fool, that from
ceforth I might be partaker of that wis-
' knowledge dispensed by Him, who is
fountain and dispenser of all true wisdom,
edge and understanding ; by the open-
and manifestation of whose Holy Spirit,
Scriptures were given forth of old ; and
matters therein contained, being things
od, are rightly to bo understood and truly
wn only by the openings and inshinings
he light of the same divine Word, by
ch, at first, they were dictated, or the
therein treated of, made known.
And upon this Word have I ever depended
since I was fiivored with the knowledge of
God, and not upon ray own reason as a man
only; nor upon any supposed natuial parts
or acquirements, which, by themselves, ought
not to intermeddle with the things of God,
how pregnant soever they may be.
"And now, dear friend, know, that I am
not a contemner of the Holy Scriptures, but
do love them, and have searched them from
my youth, and have often been much com-
forted, and my heart has often glowed within
me, whilst the blessed and holy spirit of
Christ, which was in the prophets and apos
ties, brought the Scriptures to my remem-
brance, and opened the mj-steries thereof in
me : And therefore, to the Word of God,
which the noble Bereans received with all
readiness of mind before they searched the
Scriptures, do I refer thee; even to the in-
grafted Word, which is able to save thy soul,
if thou believest therein; that, by the light
and power of it, thou mayst read and under-
stand, and have the Scriptures (as well the
divine law of God written in thy heart, as the
letter of the book) opened unto thee."
A religious writer relates an incident which
occurred to her at a hotel on the continent of
Europe which furnishes some illustration of
this subject. She says:
" Towards the close of tho dinner, in re-
ply to some irreverent observations from ni}-
opposite neighbor, I remarked on the evidence
of the truth of Revelation. This was followed
by a lady rising from her seat and taking a
vacant chair by my side. After a conversa-
tion which lasted until the dining-room was
otherwise empty, she rose, and requested the
number of my room, to enable her to pay mo
a visit the next day. She was then proceed-
ing to a rece[)tion at the minister's. I gave
her mj' card, and was in the act of following
her to the door, when mj^ shawl became en-
tangled in tho furniture near, and while seek-
ing to free myself from the embarrassment,
two gentlemen approached me, whom I had
not before perceived in the long and dimly-
lighted room. They had listened to part of
our conversation. The elder stranger, point-
ing to his friend, said that he entertained
doubts as to the truth of what was called
Revelation, partly drawn from geological re-
searches into the structure and formation of
the earth, and that he himself was not satis-
fied. Ho requested me again to be seated
few questions which arose
from tho observations they had overheard.
My faithful God who had thus placed me
in a position I could never have chosen, \i
there to sustain and meet my utmost need
Jesus! the Living Word, the revelation
of the Creator, and the Father's lovo to lost
guilty man, seemed the only key I needed to
solve these questions. Calm and resting on
his promise, that those who trust in him
' shall not be ashamed,' I took my seat beside
my interrogator, whose countenance betoken-
ed that it was no mere emanation of senti-
ment or visionary idea that would satisfy
him. But there is a power promised by the
Saviour when he left his church in the wilder-
ness, and this is not to be confined to the
eloquent orator or the accomplished rheto-
rician; it is for the least in His Father's house
if thoy 'only believe.' John xiv. 12.
"I could but repeat — perhaps yet more
briefly and simply — what I had before af-
firmed, that the truth of tho [Bible] can be
received only through the power of the Holy
Spirit; that the province of the Spirit is to
ght and to convince of sin, and to re-
veal the value of the grace which had saved
with an everlasting salvation, and was now
offered to them. This was the object of Reve-
lation, and not to make clear to geologists
the structure of the earth.
"My listeners gave me an attentive and
acious hearing; and when at length I rose
to retire, they thanked me warmly with ex-
pressions of interest. And so I left them."
I was too weary to leave the house the
following day, but had it not been so, I had
traced the hand of the Lord, and understood
n part what I shall know hereafter. He did
not leave me without encouragement, but it
was not from without. I could only continue
n prayer that the Holy Spirit might water
the tiny seed with the dew of his blessing,
and that the grace that had drawn mo might
become the portion of the stranger."
There appears to have been no further con-
versation between them, till she learned one
evening that the family of which he formed
part were to leave tho hotel by the first
train the following da}'. She says :
I prayed that if anything remained for
me to do, 1 might see it, and that He would
ve me light and strength to accomplish his
ill.
" It came to my mind that I might inclose
a book with a few lines, and that God might
bless it.
Early in the morning I left my chamber
with the view of delivering the packet my-
self; but it was a trial to seem to force the
truth on one who had not evinced any desire
after it. I waited in silent prayer in the cor-
ridors, not knowing whither to direct my
steps. But the cry for help never ascended
unto the ear of God in vain; and scarcely
could I say I had prayed when behold the
answer.
"Many had passed and repassed me, and
there was a moment's pause, while omnibusus
and carriages rolled to and from the door. A
slow step ascended tho stair-case, and in an-
other moment the stranger whom I sought
stood before me. I spoke my last words of
hope and warning to him, and placed my
packet in his hand.
"He listened silently until I paused, and
then . Above the rushing of passen-
gers, the removal of luggage, the shrill cries
of the porters that accompany the departure
of an early train, these words came low and
distinct to my ear :
" ' I came to seek you to bid you farewell,
and to tell you that the words you have
spoken to mo have attracted my heart to
Jesus.' "
At the conclusion of the narrative she makes
this judicious comment : " Far be it from me,
by the narration of this blessing, to draw
others into controversy with the sceptic, or
to lead them to think that indiscriminate
argument is/rom God. If the Lord gives the
service, He will not withhold strength and
wisdom for it ; but let us beware of going before
Him."
Tho fiber of tho jute plant is capable of
very minute subdivisions, and by a lately ini-
proved process by Julius Sachs, a German, it
is i-educed to exceedingly fine filaments of a
silky quality, which take dye in a reasonable
manner. A firm in Manchester, England, is
availing itself of tho process.
220
THE FRIEND.
S«k-cted.
Testimonies to the Way of Salvation.
Let noDO decoivo you any longer with vain
words; for tlie Light of Jesus Christ in the
conscience is the alone way ; and [those] who
are not guided by the Spirit of Christ are none
of His, but are out of the way, who hate it
so search and examine how it is with you
And furtliorniore this is witnessed, that [tljose]
who draw you from watching, and taljin
heed to that of Jesus Christ in you, they shul,
the way of the kingdom of God against you,
and draw you from your guide and strength
and resting place: therefore all mind the call
of the Lord, which is the Light of Jesus Christ
in you that convinces, which is the alone w.iy
to the kingdom, that which convinces you of
sin, and bears witness against the evil of your
doings, either when you lie or swear or use
any deceit in your callings, or do any unright-
eousness, though j-e do it never so secretly
from the sight of men. * * Mind the call of
the Lord, which is the Light of Jesus Christ
in the conscience. Loving this, it will lead
thee out of the ways and works of darkness,
and it will show thee the vanities of the world:
DOW what will it profit any to gain the whole
world, and lose his soul ? and loving this Light
of Jesus Christ, it will teach you to deny
yourselves, and take up the cross daily, and
follow the Lord Jesus Christ through the re-
generation : and watching to bo guided by it,
the pure law of God will be set up in thee,
and judgment will pass upon the vain, earthlj-,
carnal part in thee, and thou must give an
account for every evil deed done in the body,
and as the book of thy conscience is openetl,
thou must give an account for every idle word,
and that will cause thee to seta watch before
thy mouth, that thou offend not with thy
tongue ; and if thou do offend either in words
or actions, there is a witness within thee that
bears witness against thee. * * Waiting
within to be led and guided by it, the Light
of Jesus Christ alone, thou wilt come to see
the narrow way, and it will lead thee through
the sufferings and death of Christ, and to the
judging and crucifying of the old man with
his deeds, and bring the carnal man to judg-
ment. * * Waiting within in the way of
the judgments of the Lord, till judgment be
brought forth unto victory, * * then thou
mayst sing the song of Moses, the servant of
the Lord, seeing his salvation appeared, and
the righteous seed being raised up and de-
livered by the manifestation of the mighty
power of the Spirit of God. * * *
So all you, dear hearts,, who are weary and
heavy-laden, seekin^rost to your souls, to you
in the Spirit, this is the word of the Lord :
now return, return within unto the Lord,
where a fountain of living love and life is
found.
This then is the message that wo have
heard of Him, and declare unto you, that God
is Light, and in Him is no darkness at all,
all praises, praises, everlasting praise, honor
and glory be unto the Lord God Almighty,
to Him it belongs now and evermore; and if
we walk in the Light, as He is in the Light,
we have fellowship one with another, and the
blood of Jesus Christ, His Son, cleansoth us
from all sin ; thei-efore mind the seed of God,
and the Light in you; this is no other truth
but that which was from the beginning, and
which the Scripture and the Apostles testified
of, and which we have hoard, which we have
seen with our eyes, which wo have looked
upon, and our hands have handled of the
Word of Life; for the Life was manifest, and
we have seen it, and bear witness, and show
to you eternal life, which was with the Father
and was manifested unto us.
So, all friends, mind the Light in you in
the conscience, every one in your measure,
to be guided and led by it. * * Loving this
Light of Christ, it will keep you in the way
of peace, and in following Him to have eternal
life; but hating it, you run out of the way
from God, and the Light is the condemnation.
—From "yl Gall into the Way to the Kingdom;'
by Thomas Slubbs. London, ItlSG.
THE INCH BEFORE THE SAW.
Only from day to cLay
The life of a wise man runs;
What matter if seasons far away
Have gloom or have double suns ?
To climb the unreal path
We stray from the roadway here.
We swim the rivers of wrath
And tunnel the hills of fear.
Our feet on the torrent's brink.
Our eyes on the cloud afar,
We fear the things we think
Instead of the things that are.
Like a tide our work should rise,
Each later wave the best ;
To-day is a king in disguise,
To-day is the special test.
Like a sawyer's work, in life
The present makes the flaw,
And the only field for strife
Is the inch before the saw.
PRAISE FOR PRESENT PAIN.
I thank thee, O my God, who made
The earth so bright ;
So full of splendor and of joy,
Beauty and light ;
So many glorious things are here.
Noble and right.
I thank thee, too, that thou hast made
Joy to abound ;
So many gentle thoughts and deeds
Circling us round,
That in the darkest spot on earth
Some love is found.
I thank thee more that all our joy
Is touched with pain ;
That shadows fall on brightest hours ;
That thorns remain ;
So that earth's bliss may be our guide.
And not our chain.
For thou who knowest. Lord, liow soon
Our weak heart clings,
Hast given us joys, tender and true,
Yet all with wings.
So that we see, gleaming on high.
Diviner things !
I thank thee. Lord, that thou hast kept
The best in store ;
We have enough, yet not too much
To wish for more ;
A 3'earning for a deeper peace,
Not known before.
I thank thee. Lord, that here our souls,
Though amply blest,
Can never find, although they seek,
A perfect rest ;
Nor ever shall, until they lean
On Jesus' breast !
Adelaide Proclor.
An eminent critic maintains, that a thought
which cannot bo expressed in simple words is
not worth expressing at all.
The following letter of advice, sent by i
worthy minister, the late Samuel Leeds
some young persons in whom he was inter
ed, is furnished for publication in "'
Friend," in the hope that it may prove
Icresting and helpful to some such in the
sent day.
" 10th mo. 7th, 18E
My dear young friends: — The uneasir
that I discovered existing in your minds
specting the state of our Society gave
some concern, and as it continues with mi
venture in the love I have for you, to ofFei
you for your serious considei'ation, what
opened to me on the occasion.
The Psalmist says: 'The righteous si
be had in everlasting remembrance; he is
moved at evil tidings, his heart is fixed, tri
ing in the Lord ;' here the Psalmist in a v^
clear light, sets forth the divine compass
and regard of our Heavenly Parent towa
the family and household of faith, wh
hearts are relying upon the Lord their G
for daily aid and holy protection; these com*
know and livingly to feel that the 'Foun
tion of God slandeth sure,' and that the ' L(
knoweth them that are his,' and under th
precious feelings there is an evidence giver
the mind, that the ' grace of God' is altogetl
sufficient for to keep and preserve us upon t
sure and immovable foundation, Christ J
the Eock of Ages, upon which the rightec
of all generations have built and found saft
amidst all the storms and tempests fr(
within or without; and have been enab
through holy help to say with Paul, ' No
of these things move me.' And again, 'Neitl
count 1 my life dear unto me ; but I count
things as dross and as dung that I may w
Christ.' Oh ! that this might be the pray
of our souls, that God, the righteous and i
partial Judge of all the earth, would be pleasi
to be near us and preserve us upon this ho|
Foundation through every dispensation of I
providence, and give us the victory throu;|
our Lord Jesus Christ over the evil propen
ties of our fleshly nature, and enable us
say with the apostle, 'I die daily;' and let
never forget the solemn expressions of o
Divine Lord and Master, if any man will sa':
his life he shall lose it, but he who is willii
to lose his life for my sake and the gospe
he shall save it, or nearly so. Now it is vei
evident that no age nor sex are e-xempt fro
temptation, trials and difficulties of vario;
kinds while passing through this world
uncertainty and disappointtnent to the have
and port of everlasting rest; and as Christ
the Captain of our salvation, how necessar
it is to keep him aboard of the ship to stei
our little bark clear of the shoals, the quid
sands, the muddy waters of self, and from rigl
hand and left hand errors, straight forward c
in the living stream that leads to heaven an
happiness; then neither the misses of other
nor imperfections of our human nature, woul
be able to turn us out of the right way, hecaug
our hearts would be fixed and our trust woul
be in the Lord, who is the munition of rock
and whose name continues to be a stron
tower unto which the righteous floo and fin
safety.
Oh ! my dear friends, neither j'outh nc
the misses of others will be any excuse fc
you if you do not mind the heavenly ca
within your ownselves and use all possibl
I diligence to keep your habitations iu th
THE FRIEND.
221
puth unsallied b}' the evil tales and misses
' others ; and not tarnished by the weak-
>88 of the flesh nor any other thing that
)U know is wrong, for it is well for us all to
member that our time here is short, when
impared to an endless eternity, and that our
essed Lord said, ' Blessed is that servant
horn his Lord when He cometh, shall find
atching.'
So in much love to you with living desires
lat mercy, grace and truth may be multi-
ied in your hearts, I am your loving friend,
S. Leeds."
The Great Geysers of California.
E. V. Mattison in a recent article in the
merican Journal of Pharmacy, gives an ac-
lunt of a visit to this interesting locality,
cm which the following is extracted.
"We reach it by stage from Cloverdale,
inding sixteen miles along through thocan-
1, crossing and re-crossing the Arroyo Piscaro,
hich the '49er8, or some more modern ranch-
en, have rather freely translated to ' Pluton
reek.' Passing through the canon, one of the
ost beautiful we have ever seen, we reach,
'ter a few hours' ride, the junction with Gey-
;r canon, which is situated in a spot of rai'e
iveliness. Upon either side are mountains
lutting off the view in any direction, while
; our feet rushes the rapid stream so famous
ir its speckled beautifS. As we cross the
istic bridge of logs and gain entrance to the
eyser trail, there flashes over us the thought
lat we have been there in years gone by.
es, it is the same familiar odor with which
e long ago became acquainted, while a stu-
ent in the laboratory of the College of Phar-
lacj', the fumes of hydrogen sulphide, sul-
hurous acid,&c., make a combination which
) become once acquainted with is to always
smember. The earth beneath us is white, as
' we were treading the vicinity of an ancient
me kiln, and as we pass up the canon amidst
le rumbling and roaring of the escaping
;eam, we fancy ourselves either treading the
3fuse of a large chemical laboratory or sur-
aunded by the many-colored productions of
paint and color mill. On either hand, the
anks stretch away up the mountain side and
re place a hand on the hot vermilion, which
ints the face of the serpentine cliff whose
heeks are now too pale from the magnesium
alts so abundantly strewn around, in front
f us is a grotto lined with the long, silky,
sbestos-like needles of magnesium sulphate,
he floor is carpeted with the ferrous salts,
he green tint of which is relieved by the
ellowand brown of the ferric compounds and
he cerulean of the copper salts. Alum crys-
als are on every hand, and as we touch our
.ps to the waters of the boiling stream at ou
set, we think the taste as familiar as was the
dor upon our first entrance; it is that of
,mmonio-ferric alum, though hero the salt is
, magnesio ferric one. The rock formation of
he whole region is a mixture of stratified and
wneous varieties, the cinnabar occurs here, as
t does usually, in veins among the serpentine:
ron and copper, ao usual, exist with it and
is the whole undergoes decomposition, the
maginatiou must picture the various tints.
L few paces in front is a circular basin about
welve feet in diameter, where the water boils
inceasingly year after year. It is called the
kV^itch's Cauldron, and we cooked eggs in it
ifter three minutes exposure; just beyond,
,he steam issues forth in a stream of some six
inches diameter with the regular puft'i puff! !
puff!!! of an exhaust pipe from an ordinary
engine. Some idea of the strength of this dis-
charge may be had from the fact that a stout
Alp-stick, wcighingsix pounds, was repeatedly
raised from eight to twelve inches by the
violence of the puff and thrown to one side,
while a bandkercheif was carried fully ten
feet by the violence of the discharge. Under
our feet, and upon every side, are numerous
apertures called 'blow-holes,' from which the
steam issues with varying force. Most of
these blow-holes are lined with the most per
feet crystals of the purest sulphur in needle-
shaped, oblique, rhombic prisms; steam is-
sues from every side, and, in the early morn-
ing, in many places it is scarcely possible to
obtain secure footing upon the slippery rocks,
so enveloped are we in clouds of steam, while
the heat is intense and the ground rumbles
beneath our feet, reminding us of the stamp
mills of the quartz mining districts. The
quartz veins here remain intact, the magne-
sium silicate being dissolved and the mercuric
sulphide disintegrated, leaving the rock of
peculiar honeycombed appearance, and by the
side of the boiling stream at our feet mingles
another stream of the coldest water. To our
right, as we pa^s along we find the fountain
of 'eye- water,' which is of a slight astringent
character, while further on a basin of ink,
called, is discovered, consisting of a finely
disseminated mixture of mereurous sulphide
with the acidulated water. The water passin
through the canon is so distinctly acid as to
instantly remove the color from the clothes
whero it splashes upon them ; these spots
afterwards easily develo]) into holes upon very
slight inducement after dr3-ing. Upon either
de of the canon, rising one after another,
are brilliant crusts of alum tinged with ferrous
and cupric suits, and the rocky basins along
the sides of the stream are full to overflowing
with boiling, seething, villanouschemical con-
coctions, their sides decked with various crys-
tal efflorescences. Sulphur, here, is in his
element; the whole family is represented, of
almost every ending and color. The cause of
the violent ebullition is chemical action in-
tensified bj' the action of water. The ground-
work of the gej-ser patches is an easily de-
composed serpentine, holding with it mercuric,
ferrous and cupricsulphides. We believe the
heat is generated by their decomposition and
not from any volcanic action, as seems the
universal belief of the dwellers in and around
the region.
understands them better than I, because more
flogging occurs in them — that is to say, those
ceaseless blows of the whip which have a3sthe-
tieally disgusted me in reading the Gospels
and Acts. But a poor negro t-lave reads with
his back, and understands better than we do.
But I, who used to make citations from Homer
now begin to quote the Bible as Uncle Tom
does. — Vermischle Schriften.
For " Tbe Triend "
At a recent meeting of the West Chester
Microscopical Society, Dr. J. B. Wood ex-
hibited under his instrument, healthy human
blood in contrast with the blood of a tobacco
user, showing a very observable diflference ;
in other words, a structural change, and con-
taining, likewise, the white corpuscles com-
mon to scrofulous or anemic persons.
\V. P. T.
The .Uainc law in Maine,
The following testimony from D
Cyrus
Hamlin, of Bangor, Me., will be read with
deep interest : —
Maine being my native State, and not hav-
ing resided in it for forty years, mj- return to
it led me to examine the Maine law and its
workings, with great interest. I have been
through the State in various directions, from
Kittery to Calais; have attended the public
meetings in many of the counties, and have
had intercourse with men who have known
the State all their lives. I am prepared to
maintain this proposition with regard to the
Maine law. It is an incalculable blessing to
all the owners of real estate. It is the chief
reason why the State has not been ruined in
these hard times.
1. It has almost annihilated drunkenness
among the farmers. The farms have pros-
pered, and buildings and roads have wonder-
fully improved throughout the State. The
most intelligent men attribute this largely to
the Maine law. In many farming towns you
cannot get a drop of liquor for love or money.
2. It is a boon to all manufacturers. Their
men work better, produce more, and break
and injure less. Manufacturers have told me
that they could not get on successfully with
rum shops around them, nor would they at-
tempt it. It is nearly an equal blessing to the
lumber men.
Now, these embrace the bulk of the pro-
perty of the State. As to crime, I found the
jail of Oxford county empt}-, and I have been
assured the same is often true of other coun-
ties. Pauperism is hardly known, except in
the cities. I inquired of a man how many
paupers he had in his town, and he said there
were none. There were people more or less
poor, and there might be sonae so poor as to
be helped by their friends ; but a town pauper
would be a town disgrace. There are certain
cities, Portland, Lewiston, Bangor, Calais,
&c., wherein the state of things is different.
Cities will always have a class that will evade
all law. The Maine law is to some extent
evaded in the cities, and there are found most
of the crime and pauperism. Eum is brought
or smuggled in every possible way. Even
there, however, the evil is diminished, and as
the public sentiment becomes more sound,
down by my black brother in the same prayer! [stronger measures will be resorted to. The
What a humiliation. With all my science 1 1 whole rum interest has fallen into the lowest
have come no farther than the poor, ignorant and vilest class, who defy public sentiment,
negro who has scarce learned to spell. Poor and like thieves and tramps, look only at
Tom, indeed, seems to have seen deeper things what they can get without too much danger,
an I. * * Tom, uevhavs,— Watchman.
Heinrich Heine's Tribute to the Bible.— The
witty scholar and literateur, Heinrich Heine,
speaking of his return to the Bible and its
sources of consolation in the last years of his
life, uses this language :
The re-awakening of my religious feelings
I owe to that holj' book, the Bible. Astonish-
ing! that after I have whirled about all my
life over all the dance-floors of philosophy,
and yielded myself to all the orgies of the in-
tellect, and paid my addresses to all possible
systems, without satisfaction, I now find my-
self on the same standpoint where poor Uncle
Tom stands — on that of the Bible. I kneel
in the holy book than
THE FRIEND.
Music.
John Mulliner, a Friend, in a pamplilet
published in 1677, tells his experience in re-
gard to music. He says : " And I was a great
lover of music, and many times, as I have
been thinking of God, and of the condition
that I was in, it would have brought trouble
upon me, so that many times I have took my
cittern, or treble viol, or any instrument as
I had most delight in, thinking to drive away
these thoughts, and I have been so troubled,
as I have been playing, that I have laid my
instrument down and have reasoned with
myself after this manner, and fell a crying to
God : It is true I love this music, biit what
good can these sounds do me when my sou
wants peace with God ? and this doth but stir
up laughter and lightness of spirit, to make
me forget my Maker, and this will last but a
little while, and I had better seek my peace
with God, and then 'At His right hand there
are pleasures for evermore;' and^these thoughts
I had then. So that my music began to be a
burthen to me, and I would fain have sold
them, my instruments, but that I had not
freedom in my mind to do, for if I did, those
who bought them would have made use of
them as I did, and I thought I would not be
the cause of it; so I took as many as I sup-
pose cost forty shillings and burned them, and
had great peace in my mind in doing it, which
is more to me than all the pleasures in this
woi-ld."
Similar was the example in this respect
of the late John Jones, of Jiuthin, Wales, who
was not originally a member of the Society
of Friends. An account of him, published in
the Annual Monitor, states that he was line-
ally descended from a family of Welsh bards,
and had a natural talent for music, and while
yet of tender years was instructed in the use
of the harp. Following the example of his
father he enlisted, and on account of his skill
as a musician was drafted on board a man-of
war. Notwithstanding these adverse influ-
ences, he was at times favored with visita-
tions of Divine love, and an ardent longing
to know more of the only true God, and
Jesus Christ our one Mediator and Redeem
Under powerful exercise of mind he would,
when leisure permitted, take his Bible, and go
into some obscure part of the vessel to read
and pray; and frequently had to endure the
taunts and scoffing jests of his thoughtless
comrades. It was a subject for thankfulness
with him in after life, that during his nine
years of military service in war-time, he had
never been called- into action ; and was thus
spared the bitterness of thinking that he had
taken the life of any of his fellow-creatures.
On returning from the East Indies, ho found
peace prevailing at home, and obtained a fur-
lough to visit his parents, during which his
mind became drawn towards Friends, he ob-
tained a discharge from his former occupa-
tion, and after passing through much religious
exercise, was admitted into membership with
the Society about the year 1827. He steadily
maintained his position as a plain, consistent,
conscientious Friend, though for a long time
alone in his religious profession, and b'ecame
widely known in North Wales as 'Hhe Quaker."
Having entered on a religious life through
Christ the door, and yielded himself unre-
servedly to the will and requirements of his
Lord and Master, while yet in the full vi-^-or
of manhood, he was enabled to take up 1iis
cross, gently answering those who questioned
his course, "I have peace in so doing." The
giving up of music was a hard task; for it
seemed like the rending asunder of a part of
his nature; yet he felt it right for him not
only to give up the use of it, but to destroy
his valuable and favorite instrument.
The Travel of P/an^s.— Alexander brought
rice fi-om Persia to the Mediterranean, the
Arabs carried it to Egypt, the Moors to Spain,
the Spaniards to America. LucuUus brought
the cherry tree (which takes its name from
Cerasus, the city of Fontus, where he found
it^, to Rome as a trophy of his Mithridatic
campaign ; and 120 years later, or in a. d
46, as Pliny tells us, it was carried to Eng-
land. Cajsar is said to have given barley to
both Germany and Britain. According to
Strabo, wheat came originally from the banks
of the Indus; but it had reached the Medi-
terranean before the dawn of authentic his-
tory. Both barley and wheat came to the
New World with its conquerors and colonists,
and the maize which they found here soon
went to Europe in exchange. It was known
in England in less than fifty years after the
discovery of America; it was introduced to
the Mediterranean countries by way of Spain,
at the end of the sixteenth century; and the
Venetians soon carried it to the Levant. Later
it traveled up the Danube to Hungary and
gradually spread eastward to China. The
sugar cane, which with its sweet product,
was known to the Greeks and Romans only
as a curiosity, seems to have been cultivated
'n India and China from the earliest times.
ts introduction into Europe was one of the
esults of the Crusades; and thence it was
transplanted to Madeira, and earlj- in the six-
teenth century from that island to the West
dies. The original home of "King Cot-
ton" was probably in Persia or India, fhoun-h
it is also mentioned In the early annals '^oft'hey mourned for the bird, and were deeplj
Egypt and had spread throughout Africa in |g'''eved at my cruelty. I could never looli
very ancient times. The potato was found l^hem in the face afterward as I had done be
in Peru and Chili by the first explorers ofifo''^- Thc}^ have been dead many, many j-ears
those countries, who soon carried it to Spain, [and so has the poor bird; but don't you set
It is said to have reached Burgundy in 1560 ^o^ that stone rebounded and hit me? How
and Italy about the same time. It appears to '^^scp a wound it made upon my memory
have been brought from Virginia to Ireland M^Io^^ deep upon my conscience! Why, mj
by Hawkins, a slave-trader, in 1565; and to|dear boys, I would make great sacrifices to
England in 1585, by Drake, who presented day if I could undo that one deed ! For fifty
able. It is the honest and upright heart tl i
is the good ground, where the seed of tw
kingdom grows and prospers, and brin^
forth acceptable fruit.— fF<«wm Shewen. I
The Stone that Rebounded. — "O boys, l.o ,,
don't throw stones at that poor bird," sui.!
old, gray-headed man, " I am afraid the >t<i
will rebound, and hurt you as long as \
live I" . " j
" Fifty years ago I was a boy like you.
used to throw stones, and, as I had no oi
boy very near me to play with, I threw ih
till I became very accurate in my aim. (
day I went to work for an aged couple of tl:
name of Hamilton. They seemed very o
people then. They were very kind to ever
body and everything. Few had so mai
swallows making their nests under the roo
of their barns; few had so many pets th;
seemed to love them as they. For sevc
years a bird bad come, after the long wint<
was over, and built her nest in the same plac
and there reared her young ones. She ha
just returned on the day that I went there (
work, and they welcomed her back. She ho]
ped about, as if glad to get back. In tt
course of the day I thought I would try
kill upon her. She sat upon a post near
spot where she was to build her nest, an
ookod at me with all confidence, as much s
to say, 'You wont hurt me?' I found a nic
stone, and poising my arm, I threw it wit
my utmost skill. It struck the bird on th
head, and she dropped dead! I was sorr
the moment I saw her fall; but the deed wa
done. All day long her mate flew about, an(
chirped in tones so sad that it made my hear
ache. Why had I taken a life so innocent
d made the poor mate grieve so? I saic
nothing to the old people about it, but througl
a grandchild they found it out; and, thougl
they never mentioned it to me, I knew ths
ome tubers to Gerard, who planted them
hi.^ garden in London and described the plant
in his Herball, and it was also introduced by
Raleigh at about the same date. But it was
slow to attract attention, and it was not till
a century later that it began to be much cul-
tivated. In 1663 the Royal Society published
rules for its culture and from that time it
rapidly gained favor. The Dutch carried it
to the Cape of Good Hope in 1800, and thence
it made its way to India. — Independent.
It is a precious thing to witness that our
hearts are upright in the sight of the Lord,
or before his eye that runs to and fro through
the earth ; that that sin may never overtake
us which overtook the Jews of old, viz., " to
keep the outward form, and lose the power."
Our solemn assembling, our form of sound
words, and our outward demeanor, which the
life of Truth led Friends into at first, — if wo
feel not the same life accompanying us, and
preserving us in it, that we may be a living
people, walking uprightly before the Lord,—
I say, without this, all is vain and unprotit-
j'cars I have carried it in my memory, and if
what I have now said shM prevent fromt
throwing a stone at a poor bird, that may
rebound and deeply wound your conscience.
I shall rejoice." »
The boys thanked the aged man, dropped
their stones, and the bird had no more trou-
ble from them.
Cases of Debility. — Nothing is more common
when a man gets out of health, from mere
overwork, from some improper use of hi
health, from some misuse of his faculties, or
some other thing tbatought to be remedied by
the rules of hygiene — which ought to be pro-
vented and cured by the removal of its cause
— nothing is more common than to tell thej
man to take a little wine, instead of tellingi
him to look into his surroundings, and get rid:
of the cause. 1 find that what is wanted with j
those cases of debility, is regular work, propen
hygiene, mental discipline of the individual, |
and a proper system of diet and regimen ; and I
then I find tiiat they got well better without!
drink than they do with it. Whenever a man
THE FRIEND.
223
dIIs me that he cannoteat his dinner without
glass or two of wine, I know the wine has
ot hold of him to that extent. I know that
i is all the more reason why he should leave
; off, and if he will leave it otf, in a week he
m11 eat more than he did before, will digest it
etter, and get stronger in every way. — Dr.
"ownson.
Couccrning love— By Isaac Pcimiiigton.
Question 1. Whatislove?
Answer. What shall I say of it, or how
hall I in words express its nature! It is the
weetne.ss of life; it is the sweet, tender,
lelting nature of God, flowing up through
is seed of life into the creature, and of all
tiings making the creature most like unto
imself, both in nature and operation. It ful-
ls the law, it fulfils the gospel; it wraps up
11 in one, and brings forth all in the ODeness.
t excludes all evil out of the heart, it pcr-
jcts all good in the heart. A touch of love
oth this in measure ; perfect love doth this
1 fulness. But how can 1 proceed to speak
fit! Oh that the souls of all that fear and
'ait on the Lord might feel its nature fully!
nd then would thej- not fail of its sweet, over-
Dming operations, both towards one another,
nd towards enemies. The great healing, the
reat conquest, the great salvation is reserved
)r the full manifestation of the love of God.
lis judgments, his cuttings, his hewings by
he word of his mouth, are but to prepare for,
uttiot to do, the great work of raising up the
weet building of his life, which is to be done
J love, and in peace, and by the power thereof.
Lnd this my soul waits and cries after, even
he full springing up of eternal love in my
eart, and in the swallowing of me wholly
ito it, and the bringing of my soul wholly
jrth in it, that the life of God in its own per-
)ct sweetness may fully run forth through
his vessel, and not be at all tinctured by the
OBSel, but perfectly tincture and change the
essel into its own nature; and then shall no
lult be found in m^' soul before the Lord,
ut the spotless life be fully etij >yed by me,
nd become a perfectly pleasant sacrifice to
ly God.
Oh! how sweet is love! how pleasant is its
ature! how takingly doth it behave itself in
very condition, upon every occasion, to every
erson, and about every thing ! How tender-
T, how readily, doth it help and serve the
leanest I How patientlj', how meekly, doth
I bear all things, either from God or man,
ow unexpectedly soever they come, or how
ard soever they seem ! How doth it believe,
ow doth it hope, how doth it excuse, how
oth it cover even that which seeraeth not to
e excusable, and not fit to be covered ! How
ind is it even in its interpretations and
liarges concerning miscarriages! It never
verchargeth, it never grates upon the spirit
f him whom it reprehends ; it never hardens,
never provokes; butcarrieth a mellingness
nd power of conviction with it. This is the
ature of God ; this, in the vessels capacitated
) receive and bring it forth in its glory, the
ower of enmity is not able to stand against,
ut falls before, and is overcome by.
Whether it be the lawyer or statesman.
Titer or preacher, no man can be really iu-
uential for the truth until the truth is all in-
uential with him. If he isthinking of what
e is personally to gain through his advocacy
f that truth, he cannot be its advocate with
any such power as if he were willing to sink
himself out of sight to win believers to the
truth he urges. The argument that is shaped
to reflect glory on the advocate, the speech
that is framed to show the statesman's learn-
ing and eloquence, the editorial that is written
to make the paper attractive, the sermon that
is prepared to promote the preacher's popu
larity, or to meet the demand of another day's
duties, can never tell on others like the eflort
to convince those who hear or read, in a mat-
ter where he who strives is already convinced
bej-ond a peradventure. When a man is liv-
ing for the supreme purpose of convincing
another of that which he is ready to die for,
be has power in that direction. There is no
human power comparable with this. — <S'. S.
Times.
THE FRIEND.
SECOND MONTH 22, 1S79.
For several months past public attention
has been turned towards the subject of prohi-
biting the immigration of Chinese into this
country through the Pacific ports. In advo-
cacy of this measure much has been said upon
the apparent impossibility of the peaceful
mingling of persons of this race with the
American people: the injury done to the
working man in those Slates in which they
are numerous, by their competition in the
labor market ; and the danger that they will
remain a distinct, and finally, on account of
their number, a dangerous element in the
body politic, clinging tenaciouslj^ to the cus-
toms and religious beliefs of their forefathers,
and forming a comniunit}' of heathens in our
midst, foreign to the spirit of our institutions
and insensible to those influences and sympa-
thies by which a Christian people is pro-
fessedly actuated. In accordance with these
views, a bill has been passed b}' Congress,
providing that no vessel shall be allowed to
bring more than fifteen Chinese to this coun-
try at one time, excepting under certain spe-
cified restrictions.
To us this is a sad commentary upon the
Christianity of our country, and we suppose
could only have been determined upon under
a degree of the same feeling of prejudice and
intolerance which has long characterized the
treatment of this race in several communities
in California, and which we apprehend is
largely attributable to the jealousy which has
often been manifested in former years against
the introduction of labor saving machinerj',
or the adoption of improvements which threat-
ened to lessen the means of earning a liveli-
hood by the laboring classes. The yielding
of a majority' of the members of Congress to
sympathy with these feelings, in the face of
strong testimony to the great value of the
Chinese in building up the material prosper-
ity of the Pacific States, appears to us not
only ill-advised, but in opposition to the fun-
damental provisions of our Republican form
of government.
The natives of China are as a race docile and
intelligent, and proverbially industrious, and
we believe instances are not wanting of indivi-
duals who having abandoned the usages and
maxims of their ancestors, and become con vin
ccd of the truths of the gospel of Christ, have
returned to their own country to communicate
to their less favored brethren a knowledge of
the blessings which they have received. Were
the inhabitants of this country the Christian
people which they profess to be, we cannot
doubt that the instances of this kind would be
numerous, and that there would be no need of
hostile legislation to repel from our shores a
class of our fellow men who, whatever may be
the disadvantages under which they have la-
bored, are yet the objects of Divine regard, and
from their benighted condition have strong
claims upon the interest and the aid of those
who are entrusted with mental and spiritual
advantages superior to themselves.
The following extract, from remarks de-
livered in the Senate during the considera-
tion of this bill, we believe trulj' indicate the
general principles which should govern the
action of a Christian people in dealing with
the questions which arise from the existence
of difterent races within our borders:
"It is said that this conflict of races is in-
evitable, and necessarilj' injurious, and that
the difficulties which spring from it are in-
soluble : perhaps they are to the human heart
in its natural and unregenerate state; but
there has been a Divine prescription and
remedy. There is no trouble — I say it in the
presence of all the senators— there need be
no trouble to-day within the limits of these
Slates, between the white man and the black
man whenever the reign of righteousness be-
comes as practically applied as we mouth it
and profess it. Do right; treat ever}' man,
white or black, copper-colored or whatever,
as you would have done to yourself in like cir-
cumstances; and then any evil is greatly
better to be borne than the evil which you
inflict by not administering that rule. It is
simply to apply in politics, in our social
econom}', in our personal intei-course, in the
institutions of society, wherever human ac-
tion is called into being, the Christian rule,
the law of Divine benevolence and of human
brotherhood, and all the difficulties of caste
and creed, and all the conflicts which spring
up from the appai-ently irreconcilable and
adverse interests of men disappear, vanish
away like the mist and the morning dew in
the presence of the warm and bright and
health-giving influences of the rising sun."
We commence in this number of our journal
the publication of a few extracts, mostly from
the writings of the early members of our re-
ligious Society, under the title " Testimonies
to the Way of Salvation." These will show,
that the Friends of that day believed in the
great doctrine, that the atoning sacrifice of
the Lord Jesus Christ for the sins of mankind,
is the appointed means for the reconciliation
of guilty man to his Creator. And they will
evince their firm conviction that it is through
obedience to the leadings and teachings of tho
Holy Spirit that we receive saving faith, and
power to become tho sons of God ; and are
enabled to partake in their fulness in the
blessed fruits of that offering.
We hope they may be instrumental in con-
firming the faith of some, who, in reviewing
their own experience of the work of Divine
Grace in their hearts, cannot trace anything
in accordance with the teachings of those who
assert, that salvation is at our command at
any moment we choose to take it. Let not
any bo persuaded to think there is any easier
path to the Kingdom of Heaven than a sur-
render of their own wills, a daily bearing of
the cross of Christ, and a faithful following
224
THE FRIEND.
of that Grace of God which bringeth salvation
and whicb teaches us, "that denying ungod
liness and worldly lusts, we shonld live so
bcrly, righteously and godly in this present
world."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — In a letter from Bishop Whipple,
of Minnesota, recently publislied, after recounting the
injustice which has marked the policy of our Govern-
ment towards the Indians — referring specially to the
revolting barbarities attending the treatment of the
Cheyennes— this earnest, serious language occurs : " I
envy no man's head or lieart who reads the last fifteen
years of Cheyenne history, and does not feel the deepest
pity for this hunted and outlawed people. Dark as this
tragedy i.s, it is only a type of our whole history in deal-
ing with the red man. I said all — No, not all. I re-
member that in 1802, Pre.sident Jefferson wrote to a
friend, that he heard there was one man left of the
Peorias, and Jefler.son said, if there is only one, ju.stice
demands that his rights in their territory shall be re-
spected, and he shall be paid for them a just compen-
sation. Other great and good men have pleaded that
we shall deal justly, and many have said in their hearts
' I tremble for my country when I remember God is
just.' Why need we go on in this blind path of sin ?
The night that dying wail went up from Cheyenne
mothers and babes, there also went up from all over
this land, prayers for this nation It was a day set
apart by many Christians to ask God's blessing upon
the United Stales. May it not be feared God will an-
swer us as He did his people of olden time, 'When ye
make many prayers I will not hear them ; your hands
are full of blood; cease to do evil ; learn to do well.'"
A heavy snow storm prevailed throughout the eastern
portions of British Columbia, Washington Territory
and Oregon, during twenty-four hours ending on the
evening of the 14th. Bridges on the Columbia river
were broken down, and great loss of stock is feared.
The receipts of the Metropolitan Elevated Railroad
Company in New York, for last month, were $111,-
905.75. The average fare is 8 cents. About 140,000
passengers were carried.
The Soldiers' Orphans' Home, at Xenia, Ohio, was
destroyed by fire on the morning of the 16th. The
six hundred children of the Home had just finished
breakfast in the main building and returned to their
cottages, when the fire broke out. The loss to the State
is about $75,000.
In the U. S. .Senate, on the 15th, the Anti-Chinese
bill was passed, with some amendments, which will
send it beck to the House for concurrence.
The House Committee on Indian Affairs decided on
the 14th to report, after considerable amendment, the
bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to allot
lands in severalty to Indians residing on reservations,
and issue patents therefor.
Senator Bruce, of Mississippi, was called to the chair
of the Senate, and presided over its deliberations for a
few hours. He is the first colored man who has acted
in this capacity.
In New York during the past week there were 155
cases of scarlet fever, and 42 cases of diphtheria. Since
the first of llt|i month, 22,570 cases of scarlet fever and
884 cases of diphtheria have been rejjorted.
Mortality in this city during the week numbered 349.
There is still outstanding about $16,000,000 in frac-
tional paper currency— of which it is estimated there
will ultimately be redeemed only $4,000,000, leaving
$12,000,000 as profit to the Government.
Markets, &c.~\]. S. sixes, 1881, 106| ; do. 5'.s, 104.^ ;
4.V's, 1891, registered, 105; do. coupon, 106}; 4 per
cents, lOOJ ; 5-20s, 1867, 102} ; do. 1868, 103.
Cotton. — Sales of middlings at 9| a 10 cts. per pound
for uplands and New Orleans.
Flour. — The demand limited, hut prices unchanged.
Minnesota extra, $4.25 a $5; Penna. do., at $4.25 a
$4.75 ; western, do., at $4.25 a $5.50. Bye flour, $2.76
per barrel.
Grain. — Wheat, market quiet and firm — Penna. red,
$1.06i a $1.07 ; Penna. amber, *1.07i a $1.03 ; western
red, $1.06i a $1.0GJ. Corn, 42 a 45 cts. Oats, 29 a
32 cts.
Seeds— Clover steady at 6J a 7 cts. per pound. Flax-
seed, $1.40 per bushel.
Hay and Straw.— Average price during the week,
per 100 pounds : Prime timothy, GO a 70 cts. ; mixed, 40
a 50 cts. ; straw, 55 a 65 cts.
Beef cattle were dull and prices favor buyers- Extra
Penna. and western steers sold at 5} a 5J cts. ; fair to
good, 4} a 5 cts. ; and 4 a 4} cts. per pound as to quality.
Sheep sold at 4 a 6 cts. per pound gross, as to con
dition. Hogs, 0 a 6i cts. per pound.
Foreign. — Tlie Dominion Parliament was formally
opened by the Governor General at Ottawa, on the 14th
inst., the Princess Louise, occupying a seat on tl
throne. The speech of the Governor General, after the
usual acknowledgment of Canadian loyalty, &c., refers
to the importance of the development of the trade of
Canada with other countries, and the vigorous prosecu
tion of public improvements, due regard being had to
the financial condition of the country. He regrets that
the receipts of the government continue inadequate to
meet its expenses, and hopes they may be able to restore
the equilibrium by the application of the strictest
economy to the public expenditures, and by the re-ad
justment of the turifli'.
The coldest weather of the season in the Ottawa Val
ley, Canada, prevailed on the 14th inst. At Ottawa
City the thermometer marked 21 deg. below zero; at
Beachburg, Ont., 35 deg. ; at Kocklitte, Ont., 40 deg.,
and at Sisson, Quebec, the mercury froze at 45 deg. be-
low zero.
London.— The Chancellor of the Exchequer stated in
the House of Commons on the afternoon of the 14th
inst., that it was not desirable to either exaggerate or
depreciate the wonderfully severe blow in South Africa.
The Cabinet is resolved to repair and wipe out the dis-
aster. Fifteen steamers have been chartered to carry
troops and supplies to the Cape. " I am happily able
to congratulate the House and country upon a more
satisfactory state of affairs in other parts of the world.
There is every reason for satisfaction with the Berlin
Treaty. The Russians have begun to withdraw from
Turkey, and there is every reason to hope for complete
evacuation in due time."
Regarding reforms in Asia, he said the Porte has
shovyn earnestness in the arrangements now under dis-
cussion, and which it is hoped would prove adequate.
In Cyprus, England has taken over the crown lands,
paying the Porte £5000 annually, besides the surplus
stipulated in the Anglo-Turkish Convention, which is
about jeiOO,000 a year.
Jn the House of Lords, Lord Beaconsfield made a
similar statement. " The object of the Government's
interference in Afghanistan has been completely accom-
plished. We now hold the three great highways con-
necting Afghanistan and India. We have secured a
frontier which I hope and believe will render India in-
vulnerable in a way which will trench as little as pos-
sible on the independence of Afghanistan."
Advices from Liverpool on the 12th inst. state, that
trade is quite paralyzed by the strike, which has now
extended to the carters and the whole body of carpen-
ters. The strike among sailors has become more gen-
eral, and difficulty was experienced in obtaining crews.
There were said to be thirty-five grain laden vessels at
Queenston awaiting shipments. On the 15th a dele-
gution of the strikers proposed arbitration to the ship-
owners, in the meantime resuming work on the old
terms. This the owners rejected, but agreed to arbitra-
tion provided the men resumed work at the proposed
reduction.
England has asked permission of Russia to send
physicians to investigate the plague.
■ihe German Reichstag was opened on the 12th, by
the Emperor William in person. In his speech from
the throne he thanked the members for assisting in the
ppressionof the Socialist agitation, and hoped they
would continue to support the Government as far as
was necessary for the cure of the Socialist evil. He
announced the abolition of article 5th of the Treaty of
Prague, and referred with pleasure to the friendly re-
lations with Au.stria, and the results of the Berlin Con-
gress. He declared that the relations between Germany
and all other Powers are satisfactory, and that she
would continue to use her influence in behalf of Eu-
ropean peace.
The fire which devastated the favorite tourists' resort
of Meyringen, .spread to and destroyed the Ivamlets of
Hausenstein, and Eisenbolgen. A thousand persons
rendered homeless. Interlaken was at one time
threatened.
At the hospice of St. Gothard, between 10th month,
1877, and 10th month, 1878, 10,001 travellers were
cared for, of whom 107 were sick, or half frozen ; 39,470
rations were distributed, and a great deal of clothing.
The expenses were 450 francs in exce.ss of the revenue.
The total gross receipts of the Suez Canal Company
during last year, amounted to 33,153,000 francs— 1,635,-
000 less than for 1877.
Advices from Yokohama say, that a separate treaty
s been concluded between the United States and
Japan, abrogating previous conventions. It abolishes
export duties, gives Japan the control of her coasting
trade, and opens Simonaski and one other port. 1
treaty to take effect when the other Powers consent
it.
A Yokohama contemporary .states that the Japam
Government have authorized the issue, by a Japa
publisher, of an edition of the Book of Genesis
Chinese, prepared for the Japanese by the insertion
the lean-ten, the work of the American Bible Socle
This is the first portion of the Scriptures the publi
tion of which in Japan has been authorized by me£
of the Government stamp ; and, ha,ving in view t
great distaste which the authorities have so long eut(
tained to the introduction of foreign religions, the fi
's significant and worthy of record.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Committee on Instruction of Westtown Boai
ing School, meet at the Committee Room in Phi
phia, on Seventh-day, 2d mo. 22d, at 10 a. m.
Joseph Walton, Clerk.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphk
Physician and Superintendent — John C. Hall, M.
Applications for the Admission of Patients maj'
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
Married, at Friends' meeting-house. New Garde
Chester Co., Pa., 2d mo. 12th, 1879, Lewis P. Shar
LESS, of London Britain, to Ruthanna, daught^
Evan Brown, of the former place.
Died, 1st mo. 19th, 1879, at his residence in Winoi
Columbiana Co., Ohio, Benjamin D. Stratton,
esteemed member of New Garden Monthly Meeting
Friends, in the 54th year of his age. This dear Frier
had long been concerned to live in the Divine fea
During his last sickness he wag brought under mu
religious exercise of mind, feeling the solemn nature
the change that might ere long take place. And aft
a time of mental confiict, he on one occasion said, "
feel nothing but a calm, quiet, trust in a merciful S
viour, He will guide me through the dark valley at
shadow of death, and give me a place in one of h
many mansions." And as he drew near the close, beii
entirely sensible, he was enabled to say, not my wil
but thine, O Lord, be done. His bereaved family ac
friends have a comfortable hope, that through redeen
ing love and mercy, he has been permitted to enter or
of those mansions, which his spirit longed for, an
which are prepared for the righteous of all generation
, at Chester, Pennsylvania, on the 31st of 1
mo. 1879, Howard Maris, in the 21st year of his ag
a member of the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Phili
delphia. He had been in an enfeebled state of healt
for .several years, and frequently passed through seasor
of much suffering. Two weeks before his decease, 1:
had an attack of influenza, during which he appeare
to be deeply impressed, and his mind much occupie
with serious subjects. He was exceedingly kind to th
diflerent members of his uncle's family with whom 1:
was living, .several of them being sick, he endeavore
to contribute in every way he could, to their help an'
comfort. A few days before his decease, he expressc
in a letter to a near relative as follows: "My health
probably more delicate than it has ever been before,
think it is a great mercy when sickness and other aflli.
tions which overtake us in the course of our journe
through this temporary world, have the eflfect of drav
ing our minds to reflect upon the uncertainty of th
life, and our responsibility to a higher power :'' addinj
in substance. That when we dwell in ease and corafor
•and have no trials, there is danger of our forgettii
that we are sowing the seeds of our influence every day
seeds that will grow and yield good or evil fruit, n(
only in the present, but also "when the sower's han
cold ;" and desiring He who knows all our weaknes
may ble.ss the good seed, that nothing mav mar ii
growth .so it may yield fruit unto life eternal. As
walkiiii; on tiio r:iilr..ad, he was struck by a trai
from l'liil,Mlrl|i|ii:i, .inil hi- Ik',[(1 .so seriously injured i
111-.- iii-iii-iliiliiy iiiinu'.liately, and his death i
about ;iii lioiir :iltii« ar.h. .Vlthough the summon
came thus awfullv sudden, liis friends have the cor
ng belief, that throiiLtli the mercy of God in Chi
Jesus our Saviour, he has been released from the trial
of this life and admitted within the pearl gates.
so ready."
WILLIAM HrpiLE,''PRINTER^ '"'
No. 422 W.alnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, THIRD MONTH
NO. 29.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ee, if paid in advance, S2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent b^ mail.
Sibscriptions aod Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
; so. 116 SOBTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
Women's Ministry.
Extracted from Thomas Story's Jour tio I.
FheD there appeared one who made his ob-
lion at lar^e against women's preaching,
'ing, that the apostle Paul said to the Co-
thians, " I will that women keep silence in
I church." I answered, that the apostle
d, "Tour women," only, and not women
efinitely, without exception ; which he de
d. Then one offered him a Bible to look
0 the place; which ho refused, and went
pretending to go into a house to fetch one ;
; never returned. Then I opened that point
re fully to the people, saj'ing, that no in-
pretation of Scripture ought to be advanced,
admitted, which makes it contradict itself,
one ])art of it another; or one apostle op-
le another, or contradict himself or any of
prophets, or the matters of fait reionled
Boly Writ, relating to the public ministry
holy women in the cbarch of Christ, or
erwise.
1st Then, you may observe what Joel the
iphet said, many ages before the days of
apostles, relating to the dispensation of
gospel in this point, and the publishers of
And it shall come to pass afterward, that
■ill pour out my Spirit upon all flesh, and
irsons and your daughters shall prophesy,
ir old men shall dream dreams, youryoung
n shall see visions: and also upon the ser-
its and upon the handmaids in those days
1 I yjour out my Spirit.'
The aposile Peter, being filled with the
ly Ghost, declares this prophecy to relate
be dispensation of the gos|)el, and to beo-in
,he time of the great and glorious effusion
he holy Spirit of Christ at Jerusalem, say-
I 'TJiis is that which was spoken of by
prophet Joel, and it shall come to pass in
last days, saith God, I will pour out of
Spirit upon all flesh ;' and so repeats the
phec}' at large.
Now it is morally certain, by a just and
leniable consequence, that the Spirit of
-ist came at that time upon the holy wo-
3 present ; and that the women, or some of
m, preached Christ to the multitude, as
1 as the men, having been his witnesses as
1 as they ; or otherwise the application
er made of that prophecy to that instance,
Id not have been without exception or a
sonablo objection. For if no women had
ken or preached Christ at that time, it
;ht have been said that the prophet men-
lions women as well as men, daughters equally
with sons, but only sons appear in this dis-
pensation and occasion ; and therefore that
prophecy cannot relate to it. But no objection
of this nature appearing, it strongly follows,
that some women preached there as well as
the men at that time.
" 2ndly ; If daughters were not to preach
as well as sons, handmaids as well as other
servants, this prophecy could never be ful-
filled, and consequently must bo false ; which,
to say or think, would be profane and blas-
phemous, and cannot be admitted in any wise.
"3rdly; The apostle Paul saith in that place.
Let your women keep silence in the churches,
(that is, in the meetings or congregations) for
t is not permitted unto them to speak ; but
they are commanded to be under obedience
8 also saith the law. And if they will learn
ny thing, let them ask their husbands at
home : for it is a shame for women to speak
in the church' (or congregation.)
"4lhly ; Saith the same apostle elsewhere,
on another occasion, ' Let the women learn
in silence with all subjection. But I suffer
not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority
over the man, but to be in silence.'
" By all which it appears, that the apostle
was not prohibiting women in general, when
inspired by Christ, and thereby qualified for
such services, to preach or pra3' publicly in
the conuregation ; but such only as were iin-
perious, ignorant, and unlearneil in the way
of Christ and religion ; and also talkative,
asking bold and impertinent questions in the
congregations, occasioning debates, heats, con-
tentions, and confusion. Such were not to be
suffered in such evil work, but to be obedient
to their husbands, and learn of them at home
in modest and decent silence; it being a shame
both to the women themselves, and the con-
gregations of the faithful, that such women
should be permitted to speak in that manner
in a public waj-, to disturb them, and hinder
their devotion, and the public service and min-
istry of such of either sex as were duly quali-
fied and sent in the wisdom and power of the
Holy Spirit. We, as a people, are of the same
mind, that neither such women nor men ought
to be suffered in such destructive work; but
to be silent, and learn there, behaving therein
with modesty becoming their sex, and the
nature and end of what they undertake.
"5thly ; And as to matters of fact, proving
that women preached publicly in the Chris-
tian congregations in the days of the apostles,
Paul recommended Phebe, a sister in Christ,
to the congregation then at Rome, as a min-
ister, servant, and deaconess of the church at
Cenchrea; and in the same place mentions
Priscilla with great respect, as his helper in
Christ Jesus, which help can refer to nothing
else but the work of the ministry, in which
they were jointly and severally engaged.
'6ihly ; And though Apollos was a man of
some measure, and had taught the things of
the Lord zealously and diligentl}', knowing
only the baptism of John — Priscilla, as well
as Aquila, expoutided auto him the way of
God more perfectly.
" 7thly ; These instances wherein that great
apostle so much approves the public ministry
of these holy and inspired women, plainly
demonstrate that he was not against women's
preaching; for then he must have written con-
tradictions in the name of the Lord, which
would have destroyed the authority of his
own ministry, since no man speaking or writ-
ing by the Holy Ghost, the Spirit of Truth,
speaketh or writeth contrary things; and
the}' cannot both be true, but the one or the
other must needs be false, and suggests a
reasonable suspicion that both are so ; which
cannot be thought of any apostle of Christ,
or his ministry.
"Again, Paul directs how women ought to
be attired, as well as men, in the time of the
public exercise of their ministry or preaching;
and if he had been against all women's preach-
ing, and yet given directions how they should
demean therein, he would not have been con-
sistent with himself, nor one part of bis min-
istry with another; for he saith, 'Every man
praying or prophesying, having his head cov-
ered, dishonoreth his head; but every woman
that praj'eth or prophesieth with her head
uncovered, dishonoreth her head;' and more
n the same place to that purpose : which still
further proves that the apostle was not against
women's preaching in the congregations, but
fully allowed it.
" And also Philip, an evangelist, one of the
seven deacons, and an able minister of Christ,
had four daughters, virgins, who did pro-
phesy ; that is, they preached the gospel.
And seeing they were daughters of so emi-
nent a minister of Christ as Philip was, with-
out all reasonable contradiction, not only
Philip himself, but the churches of Christ ap-
proved ihem therein. Then, if Paul had been
igainst women's preaching and praying pub-
icly in the church, and Philip for it, they
would, in that case, have contradicted and
opposed each other, to the confounding of the
people, by a contradictory uncertain ministry;
which cannot be admitted by men of truth,
and sincere lovers of Christ. Upon the whole,
we must needs conclude, that women as well
as men, may, and ought to prophesy, preach,
and pray publicly in the church and churches
of Christ, when thereunto called and qualified
by Christ, under the immediate direction and
nfluenco of his Holy Spirit and power, as
those holy women were; without which nei-
ther male nor female, under any other quali-
fication or pretence whatsoever, ought to in-
trude themselves, or meddle, lest that ques-
tion, under the displeasure of the Almighty,
be asked of such, 'Who hath required this at
thy hand?' and they incur a just punishment
eloquence, and mighty in the Scriptures, and in the end."
had been instructed in the way of the Lord in | During all this time the people were gener-
22U
THE FRIEND.
ally atteiilive, and seemingly pleased ; but
just in the close of the matter, I was attacked,
all of a sudden, by a person who brake into
the crowd behind me on horseback, and by
his garb looked like a pastor of the people,
and upon inquiry afterwards, I found he was
so. llis first salutation was after this man-
ner: "Are you not ashamed thus to delude
the people, imposing upon them false glosses
on the Scripture? 1 am a stranger on the
road, and drawing near thismultitudeto know
the ocoasion of it, cannot but appear in de-
fence of truth against your perversions. 'Tis
true, you have a smooth way, a gaining coun-
tenance, and advantageous mien; but, sir, you
look, in all this, the more like an emissary."
This being sudden, was a little surprising
at first ; but Truth being uppermost, I quickly
challenged him to instance any particular
wherein I had imposed upon them.
He instanced only in this, where I had said
Phebe was a minister of the church ; he said,
"She was not a minister, but a servant, as
appears by the text itself in that place ; and
it will not bear to bo translated minister, as
you say."
I replied, "Servant and minister are sy-
nonymous terms, and the word there used
may be better translated minister: and if she
was a servant, in what other respect to the
church, if not in a public ministry, as a
preacher? For Theodore Beza, in his Latin
translation from the Greek, from which our
English translations are made, hath it min-
ister, and not servant, minislra, ecclesice cen-
creends ; and in the Greek Testament it is
Aiatoio.-; that is, minister or servant." I asked
him before the people, if he would say, upon
his reputation as a minister, as he professed
himself to be, that it might not be properly
i-endered minister, which he refused ; and
then, in abundance of assurance, said openly,
that I was no Quaker, but in a flattering way,
added, I had more sense than to be a Quaker ;
for I had an ingenuous countenance, and a
mien importing a better education. I rejected
his flattery, and replied, that he might have
had better education, and ought to have had
more justice, than falsely to accuse one whom
he never saw before, and put him upon his
proof in that and several other things, in
which be had overshot himself, in the appre-
hension of most of the people who heard him.
I observed to the people, who did not gen-
erally understand the meaning of the word
emissary, that it was unduly applied by him ;
it imported a very high, as well as false charge,
and as such I returned it upon him. Then
he began to charge Jonathan Taylor, then in
England, with being a Jesuit, he having been
in that country seven years before, and in-
strumental to convince many in those parts,
and thereby had greatly enraged the priests
and their envious company against him, which
they had not forgot. There stood up likewise
another man, and said the charge was true.
But I opposed them, telling the people, I veiy
well knew Jonathan Taylor, and that he was
no Jesuit, nor any thing like one in any re-
spect; putting the priest in mind of what
dangerous consequence it might be to himself
to charge me, or any other innocent person,
in that manner, since, by law, it touched the
life of the accused, and was highly punishable
in the accuser, if not legally proved. Then
wheeling his horse about, he said he could not
stay any longer, but rode hastily out of the
crowd and went oft'.
The opposition this priest and the others
made being for the most part notoriously false
assertions and charges, without any proof,
exposed him and themselves to the just cen-
sui'c of the people, and rather confirmed them
in the truth of what we had delivered, than
hurt the cause of Truth ; which we, in some
measure of the wisdom and power of it, had
defended against them.
Vosemlle.
This is a valley in Mariposa Co., California,
through which winds the Merced river, about
155 miles east by south of San Francisco, un-
equalled for the grandeur of its scenery and
the magnificence of its waterfalls. It is nearly
in the centre of the State north and south, and
just midway between east and west bases of
the Sierra Nevada, here a little more than 70
miles wide. It is nearly level, about G miles
long by half to one mile wide, and nearly a
mile in perpendicular depth below the general
level of the adjacent region. Its general di-
rection is N. B. by E., and S. W. by W.,
nearly at right angles with the general trend
of the mountains ; its elevation above the sea
is 3 950 feet. Its granite walls are nearly
vertical ; their color is a light gray, reflecting
brilliantly white in the sunlight, occisionally
varied with veins of a brighter or deeper hue.
In places stripes of a darker color, gray, brown
and black, are produced by the flowing down
of water carrying organic matter. Various
speciesof trees and plants occur in the valley.
In winter it is inaccessible, except on snovv
shoes; in summer the nights are cool, but the
thermometer almost always rises above 80°
in the middle of the day in June and July.
There are several hotels for the accommoda-
tion of tourists. The valley is reached by
stage or stage and horseback (about ninety-
miles) fi-om Merced, Milton, and Oakdale, on
branches of the Central Pacific railroad. The
principal objects of interest will be described
proceeding up the valley.
The first on the right is the Bridal Veil fall,
formed by a creek of the same name, which
is precipitated over the cliff's in one leap of 630 j
feet perpendicular upon a slope, down which'
it rushes in a series of cascades for a perpen-
dicular distance of nearly 300 feet. The effect
from the valley is as of a vertical fall of 900
feet, the base being concealed by trees. The
column of water sways to and fro in the wind,
seeming in the distance to flutter like a white
veil. A little higher up is Cathedral rock, a
prominent and massively sculptured pile of
granite, the summit of which is 2,660 feet
above the valley. Above this are the " Spires,"
isolated columns of granite at least 500 feet
high, standing out from, but connected at the
base with, the walls of the valley. Still further
up a point of rocks projects into the valley,
terminating in a slender massof granite some
what resembling an obelisk. This is known
as "Sentinel rock." Its entire height is 3.043 j
feet; the obelisk form continues down for 1,000
feet or more from the summit, below which
the rock is united with the wall of the valley.
A short distance above is Glacier point, from
which one of the finest views of the valley
may be obtained. Back of Sentinel rock is
Sentinel dome, 4,150 feet above the valley,
which commands a fine view of the Yosemite
fall. On the left side of the valley, opposite!
the Bridal Veil fall, is the Virgin's Tears fall,!
where the creek of that name leaps over the
wall more than 1,000 feet. .Tust above is El
Capitan, an immense block of granite proj
ing into the valley, and presenting an aln
vertical edge 3,300 feet high. Further
and nearly opposite Sentinel rock, are
Three Brothers, a group of rocks rising
behind another, the highest being 3,830 f
and from its summit affording a splendid v
of the valley and its surroundings. Ab
the Three Brothers, is the principal fall
Yosemite, formed by a creek of the samona
The vertical height of the lip of the fal
about 2,600 feet. There is first a vertical
scent of 1,500 feet, when the water strikt
shelf or recess, whence it makes a serioi
cascades, a fall equal to 626 feet perpendicu
and then gives a final plunge of about
feet. The different parts of the fall be
nearly in one vertical plane, the effect
scribed as being almost as grand as, and p
haps more picture.-que than if the water m;
but a single leap from the top of the cli"
the level of the valley. A striking feature
the Yosemite fall, believed to be peculiar t(
and the Bridal Veil fall, is the vibratory r
tion of the upper portion under the varyi
pressure of the wind. The stream at the su
mit, at a medium stage of water, is estimat
to be 20 feet wide to 2 feet in average dep
The Yosemite fall is believed to surpass
vertical height all others having nearly 1
same body of water. A little east of it 1
clifl' rises in a bold peak 3,030 feet above
valley. About two miles above the fall
valley branches into three caiions, formed
the Merced river in the centre, the Tena
fork on the left or north-west, and the I
louette or South fork on the right or soul
west, (not to be confounded with the ma
South fork of the Merced, which is below t
Yosemite valley). North of the Tenaj'a foi
near where it enters the main stream, is an ;
mense arched cavity called the Royal Arch
and a rounded columnar mass of rock c;
the Washington column, and back of the
the North dome, a domeshaped mass of gran
attaining an elevation of 3,568 feet above t
valley. Between the Ten.iya and the Merc
is the Half Dome, an apparently inaccessil
crest of granite rising 4,737 feet above t
valley, in which it is one of the most imposi
objects. Mirror lake, an expansion of t
Tcnaya fork, is a beautiful sheet of wati
In the caiion of the Merced are two falls, ti
lower, called the Vernal fall, with a perpe
dicular descent of about 400 feet, and t
upper, called the Nevada fall, not quite pc
pendicular, with a height of about 600 fei
North of the river near the Nevada fall is ;
immense mass of rock, isolated and near
perpendicular on all sides, called the Cap
Liberty, which rises some 2,000 feet abo j
its base. In the Illilouette there is a fall v,
timated to be 600 feet high. Only two of tl|
principal falls, the Vernal and Nevada, coi
tinuo in existence throughout the season ; ti
Yosemite and Bridal Veil almost disappej
by 8th or 9th months. The most favorah:
months for visiting the valley are the 5th, 6 <
and 7th, before the creeks are dried up. C
the Merced above the Nevada fall is the Litt
Yosemite valley, about four miles long ar
from half a mile to one mile wide, 2,130 fe
above the Yosemite proper, of which it msi
bo regarded as a continuation. The hi^i
Sierraadjacent to the valley aboundsin poin
of interest. About sixteen miles south is tl
Mariposa grove of big trees, and about eig
teen miles north by west the Hetch-Hetcl
THE FRIEND.
227
ley on the Tuohinine river, smaller than 'genciation, with the renewing of the Holy
! Yosemite, but similar to it in ebafaeter. :Ghost? Oh ! for more of that gracious intlu-
rhe Yosemite valley was first entered by ence to be showered upon us, that heavenly
ite men in 1851, when an expedition was quickening power, which can at His bidding,
with whom one day is as a thousand j"ears,
turn our captivit}-, make the desert to rejoice,
and the wilderness to blossom as the rose.
Valuable and precious as true gospel minis
try is, and " beautiful (as) are the feet of them
that preach" it, its great aim and end is to
to Christ the living eternal
ranized to drive out the Indians who made
their stronghold. It was first visited by
irists in 1855. The first house was built in
In 1864 an act of Congress was passed
inting the valley to the Stale of California,
on condition that the premises should be
d for public use, resort, and recreation,
i should be inalienable for all time. The
srernor soon after appointed commissioners
have the management of the valley, and
i State Legislature at its next session ac
direct peopl
Word, by whose atoning blood outwardly
shed we are reconciled to the Father, or are
put into a capacity for salvation ; and by
obedience to the quickening, leavening, trans-
sled the grant. The name Yosemite is aniforming operation of His all-suflScient grace
lian word signifying "grizzly bear," but it I in the heart, we become " washed, sanctified,
lot the name now applied to the valley by
! Indians, who call it Ahwahneeor Annonie.
From Appleton's American Cyclopedia.
For "The Friend."
Thoughts and Feelings.
GOSPEL MINISTRY.
The message of the apostle Paul to Archip-
3 was, "Take heed to the ministry which
)u hast received in the Lord, that thou ful-
t." And in writing of himself he declares:
though I preach the gospel, I have nothing
glory of; for necessity is laid upon me ; yea,
e is unto me if I preach not the gospel." By
jse testimonies of Holy Scripture, with
iny similar ones, a part of the requisitions
those entrusted with a gift in the ministry
the gospel appears to be defined. While
may not overlook what is also written
srein bj' the same apostle, viz: "How
autiful are the feet of them that preach the
spel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good
■ igs." But, as continued, " they have not
obeyed the gospel. For Esaias sayeth.
and justified in the name of the Lord Jesus,
and b}^ the Spirit of our God." Thus that
spiritually minded servant of Christ, George
F'ox, says : " I was sent to turn people from
darkness to light, that they might receive
Christ Jesus ; for to as many as should receive
him in his light, I saw that he would give
power to become the sons of God." " I saw
Christ died for all men, was a propitiation for
all, and enlightened all with His divine sav-
ing light; and that none could be true be-
lievers, but those who believed therein. When
the Lord sent me forth to preach this ever-
lasting gospel and kingdom, I was glad that
I was commanded to turn people to that in-
ward light, spirit and grace, which would lead
into all truth and not deceive any."
Did we witness more thoroughly through-
out the length and breadth of the camp a sin-
cere turning to this "inward light, spirit and
grace" which, as obedience keeps pace with
knowledge, leadeth into all truth, we believe
that our religious Societ}' would not otdy bo
enabled to put on its beautiful garments and
ird, who hath believed our report?" Is jshine to the honor of the Heavenly Enlight-
3re not cause for the query whether the ener and High Priest, independent of all out-
guage, " Who hath believed our report,"
I not much special application to the pre-
it daj' ? because of the very few that appear
lling to submit to the needful baptisms, and
come up to the help of the Lord against
e mighty, through a whole-hearted surren-
r of themselves with their all to His di.s-
sal and government? And why is this? Is
t the gospel preached still, in measure at
ist, "in demonstiation of the Spirit and of
wer?" Or does the diflSculty lie, in that
he cares of this life, the deceitfulness of
hes, and the love of other things" having
choked the good seed sown in every heart,
so stolen the affections of the people, that
ere is not room for the Heavenly Guest to
e in and abide there ? On this subject we
call, that that powerful minister of the gos-
Eichard Jordan, in reference to preach-
to gratify itching ears without the clear
ijuiringsof duty, says : " I fully believe that
tempts of this sort (presuming to preach
ben He who hath the keys of David is
eased to shut) is the reason of so much life-
js ministry prevailing in the world (even
Qong us as well as other people,) which I
lieve seldom rightly either opens the un-
rstanding or convinces the judgment." And
't not manifest, also, that the hearts of the
ople need a deeper baptism into Christ
rough the power of his Hoi}' Spirit? Has
)t the time fully come when, unless He speak,
whose words go forth at once to their effect,"
.in is the help of man ? Do we not need,
ore generally, a washing in the laver of re
ward or instrumental help, but that in add
tion to such immediate unction and outpour-
ing from on high, that more anointed mes-
sengers and qualified laborers would be raised
up, commissioned and equipped, to join those
alreadj' in thefield to the proclaiming the glad
tidings of life and salvation. Thus would the
strengthening of the walls and the rebuilding
of the gates and waste places, go forward with
renewed faith and earnestness in all ; and es-
pecially to the joy of those whose hearts sigh,
whose tears flow, and whose harps are hung
upon the willows, because so few come to the
solemn feasts of Zion.
In view of the low state of things, and also
of "Who hath believed our report?" though
at the same time there are many who love to
have the itching ear filled and gratified, and
may laud the poor instrument; yet is there
not much that is susfgeslive and instructive
in the following by George Whitehead: — " In
those days I clearly saw," writes G. W., "that
the testimony required of us to bear, was not
so much in words, declaration, or ministry,
as to stand our ground in faith and patience,
and to travail in spirit loith secret breathing and
earnest supplication unto God." " It was often
before me," he continues, "that the Lamb
and His faithful followers should have the vic-
tory, which was much of secret comfort to
me many times: glory bo to his name for-
ever."
As gospel ministers, with others in the
church as deeply responsible, if not as deeply
concerned, get and keep low in the holy seed
of life, breathing and interceding in humility
and contrition of soul unto the onmiscicnL
Father of the spirits of all flesh, will Ho not
bow the heavens and come down ? Will He
not be jealous for his land and pity his people?
Will He not arise for the sighing of the poor
and the cry of the needy? Will He not
lengthen the cords and strengthen the stakes
of Zion ? Will He not restore for what has
been lost, and cause, a remnant at least, to
eat in plenty, and be satisfied, and praise the
name of the Lord ?
For "The Friend."
Eiizabfth Bathurst.
{Conchided from page 218.)
In Elizabeth Bathurst's own account of her
religious progress, she says that when she was
in a seeking, but unsettled condition, "The
whole world seemed to me as a very little
thing, my soul desiring nothing but a part in
God's kingdom, which made me earnestly en-
treat him, that Ho would lead me in the way
everlasting" — "that amidst the various forms
there are for worshipping of thee, my soul
may certainly know how to serve thee aright,
and wherewith to bring an acceptable sacri-
fice unto thee."
"The heart-searching God having then put
my soul upon search to find out a people with
whom I might join as with a communion of
saints ; I looked here and there into many as-
semblies, but alas! still I saw their conversa-
tions so much contradicting their professions,
that I could heartily join with none of them,
* * still I overlooked this people of whom
I am writing [Friends] as if it had been alto-
gether unlikely I should find what I sought
for amongst them, although natural affection
had laid a. bond upon me to judge charitably
concerning them;* howbeit at length there
was a way made whereby I was brought to
search here also, notwithstanding the many
false aspersions which my ears were filled
with concerning them.
" So that now, I say, upon my search
amongst them, I have found those who are
guided by the principle of Truth in them-
selves, very careful to walk worthy of their
high and holy calling. And by this their in-
nocent life, I must needs acknowledge, I felt
my own conscience powerfully reached for
sometime before my judgment was fully satis-
fied. But having those words of our Saviour
imprinted upon my mind, 'If any man will
do his will, he shall know of the doctrine,
whether it be of God or whether I speak of
myself;' then immediately I consulted not
with flesh and blood, but was made willing to
give up to the obedience of His will revealed
in my conscience; and so I came to receive
the faith ot that principle which the Quakers
do profess, and by it am I joined to them not
only in head but in heart."
This is another tesli raony to the well-settled
truth that the holy lives of true Christians
are the strongest, the most convincing proofs
that can be produced of the reality and effi-
cacy of religion ; while the ungodly lives of
merely nominal professors tend to bring re-
ligion into disrepute and strengthen the ranks
of infidelity. How far-reaching is our influ-
ence for good or for evil, and what a fearful
responsibility rests upon us all !
After she had been thus convinced of the
truth, Elizabeth Bathurst speaks of the further
* Her pnrents appear to have become members of the
Society before her own convincement.
228
THE FRIEND.
work iiccessarj' to be experienced — and saj'S :
"For this I bow my knee to the God and
Father of our Lord Jesiis Christ, 'That He
would prosper and carry on his own work
more and more in every one of our hearts ;'
j-et dare we not be found foise witnesses for
God in speaking of things bej'ond our mea-
sure, or boasting of that which we have not
attained." "1 would have none mistake, so
as to think that conversion is wrought in an
instant, for it is a gradual work, carried on
by degrees in the soul, which is not presently
complete and perfect; although the verj' first
motion towards it, proceeds from a principle
which is perfect in itself; and which will in
time perfect the soul, as it follows the lead-
ings thereof; but if any shall sit down by the
way, on this side the mountain of true holi-
ness, notwithstanding they began in theSp
3'et if they end in the flesh, bow far soever
they have travelled on in their journey, still
may their carcasses fall in the wilderness."
Our blessed Saviour said to ISimon Peter,
""When thou art converted strengthen thy
brethren." So, after Elizabeth Bathurst be-
came settled in her religions convictions, she
found a special injunction laid upon her from
"the God of all grace" "to proclaim his free
grace and rich mercy" towards her former
acquaintance. She says — "So came the Word
of the Lord unto me, 'Go invito them to the
feast of ingathering, that so they may be al-
lured to turn in unto me, and be gathered by
me, in this the day of the stretchings forth of
the arms of my mercy.' " To this end she not
only labored vocally among them, but pub-
lished a doctrinal treatise called "Truth's
Vindication," designed to remove the misap-
prehensions and prejudices which prevented
many from embracing the offers of Divine
love.
In this work the views of our Society on
many important points of Christian doctrine
are clearly stated and upheld with Scripture
proofs and much force of reasoning. Of what
may be termed the cardinal doctrine, the one
most earnestly pressed bj' our early members,
she says — it is a principle of Divine Light
and Life of Christ Jesus placed in the con-
science; it is the Grace of God that bringeth
salvation, and hath appeared to all men ; it is
the Light of Jesus, who is that true Ligh
that lighteth every man that cometh into the
world; it is a measure of the Divine Spirit;
it is the incorruptible seed by which we are
begotten to God ; and that it comes from God
through Christ.
It is a precious thing to witness a true wait
ing upon the Lord. Manj' great and glorious
promises are made to those that truly wait
upon Him. "They that wait upon the Lord
shall want no good thing:" this, to witness
and enjoy, is the substance of all. While we
waited upon invented means, men and books,
upon our own thoughts and imaginations, our
own wisdom and understanding, we wanted
the good things : these were not sufficient to
lead us to the knowledge, nor the enjoyment
of them.
Hereby may all Christendom, so called, be
tried and judged ; they pretend a worshipping
and waiting upon the Lord, but they want
the good things, and the evil things abound
amongst them; so are hereby found false wit-
nesses, those who say they wait upon the Lord,
and that He hath not fulfilled his promises to
them.
A remnant are, at this day, true and faith
ful witnesses, that the Lord is faithful, just and
true to his promises, and that He hath fitted
and furnished them with the heavenly trea
sures, the good things of his kingdom, as they
truly wait upon Him. This wailing doth not
begin when oursolemn meetings begin, neither
doth it end with them, but remaineth always,
Williavi Shewen.
LETTER TO JESUS.
A postman stood with puzzled Ijrow
And in his hand turned o'er and o'er
A letter, with address so strange
As he liad never seen before.
The writing cramped, the letters small,
And by a boy's rough hand engraven.
The words ran thus: "To Jesus Christ,"
And underneath inscribed, "In Heaven."
The postman paused ; full well he knew
No mail on earth this note could take ;
And yet 'twas writ in childish faith,
And posted for the dear Lord's sake.
AVith careful hand he broke the seal,
And rev'rently the letter read ;
'Twas short, and very simple too
For this was all the writer said :
'My Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ,
I've lately lost my father dear,
Mother is
very, very poor,
And life to her is sad and drear.
Yet Thou hast promised in Thy Word
That none can ever ask in vain
For what they need of earthly store.
If only asked in Jesus' name.
" So I am writing in His name.
To ask that Thou wilt kindly send
Some money down ; what Thou canst spare
And what is right for us to spend.
I want so much to go to school ;
While father lived I always went,
But he had little, Lord, to leave.
And what he left is almost spent.
" I do not know how long 'twill be
Ere this can reach the golden gate :
But I will try and patient be.
And for the answer gladly wait."
The tidings reached that far-off land,
Although the letter did not go.
And straight the King an angel sent
To help the little boy below.
Oft to his mother he would say,
" I knew the Lord would answer make
When He had read my letter through.
Which I had sent for Jesus's sake !"
Ah ! happy boy, could you but teach
My heart to trust my Father's love,
And to believe where anght's denied
'Tis only done my faith to prove.
^^^^^__ —The Methodist.
Selected.
THE SUMMONS.
My summons may come in the morning,
Or the deep, peaceful sluml)er of night;
It may come with a lingering warning,
Or as quick as a flash of sunlight;
It may come while I'm thinking of heaven ;
It may come while my thoughts are astr.ay ;
While I'm sitting alone in my dwelling.
Or greeting some friend on the way :
But the day or the hour, when the bidding
Comes to me, I never can know.
And I pray, at the call of the Master,
I may answer, " I'm ready to go !"
It may come while I'm working for others.
Or laying out plans for myself;
It may come when I'm laid, as a well-worn
And useless old book, on a shelf;
It may come when my life, full of sweetness
Would fain have it tarry awhile;
It may come when my sorrow's completeness
Makes me welcome the call with a smile :
Though it fall in the gentlest of whispers,
Or sounds with a deep, startling knell,
I pray only that I may be ready
To answer, " Dear Lord, it is well !"
— N. Y. Christian Advocat
Testimonies to the Way of Salvation.
One of Edward Burough's tracts is entitle
" The Everlasting gospel of repentance ai
remission of i-ins." It contains certain pr
positions which show his view of the wa}'
salvation. These commence with the stat
ment: "None can be saved from the wra
of the Lord but they who are saved from the
sins; for sin brings the wrath of God upt
the consciences of men, and anguish upon so
and body ; and [those] who are not saved fro
sin, cannot be saved from wrath; for wrai
pursues the guilty. * * Therefore, wh
soever will be saved from wrath, must I
saved from sin, and Christ must purify h
heart, and the blood of the Lamb must san
tify him, and his conscience must be cleans*
from the guilt of transgression, and Chri
must live in him, and he must live the life (
faith, which gives victory over all sin, or eh
he cannot be saved with the salvation of Go
eternally."
The succeeding propositions unfold themai
ner in which these blessed results are altaine(
"Whosoever will be saved with the salvi
tion of God, must own the Light of Chrif
Jesus in his own conscience, and he must bi
lieve in this Light, and walk in it, even th
Light in his conscience that convinces hin
and checks him for his evil deeds, and tha
lets him see what sin he is guilty of; yo
must bt'lieve in this Light and follow it, am
depart from that and forsake that iniquit;
which it convinces you of, and do that goo'
which it moves your hearts into, or else yoi
can never be saved. For, if you continue ii
evil doing, contrary to the Light of Christ ii
your own consciences, you are in a condemnet
condition, and you cannot be justified of thi
Lord while you are accused by the Ligh
within you of such and such sins, and tha
youareguilty of them, and forsake them not.'
"Again, whosoever will be saved, must hi
born again of the Seed of God, and must b(
changed and renewed in mind and heart anc
spirit; and old things must pass away, and al
things must be made new; and a new nature
must live in you, and the image of God must
be brought forth, which is righteousness and
true holiness, which is like unto God; and
this is the new creation, which everyone must
witness to be wrought in him that ever en-
ters into God's kingdom. li'or, saith Christ,
' E.xcept a man be born again he cannot enter
into the kingdom of God.' For it is not a
profession of religion made with the lips, nor
the practice of duties and ordinances taken
on and performed in the old nature, and a
holding of truth in unrighteousness; this is
not the way of solvation, but it is the re-
generating and making like unto God, being
His image of justice, truth and righteousness ;
it is this in which men may be saved ever-
lastingly."
"Again, whosever will be saved, must re-
ceive the Spirit of God, and it must dwell in
them, even the Spirit of the Father; and they
must be taught bj it, and led into all truth,
to do the truth, and speak the truth in all
things." * *
" Again, all that will bo saved, must bo
sanctified, cleansed and purified from all un-
righteousness, by the Spirit and "Word of God,
whereby every heart must be made clean, and
every conscience sprinkled with the blood of
the Lamb; and the body of sin and death
must be put off, and the bondage of corrup-
tion must bo broken, and iniquity must bo
THE FRIEND.
229
.■saken and turned ffoni, and sin must be
ged in the flesh, and purity, holiness and
hteousness must live and roi^n in all that
1 be ,«aved." * *
'Again, whosoever will be saved, must bo-
re in Jesus Christ, and receive him ; and
!y must take up his daily cross and follow
m; and must know'Him to mortify and
icify them to the world ; and He must work
! same things in you bj' his Spirit spirit-
ly, as He wrought without you in his
•son, or else you have no part in Him, nor
valion by Him. For it is not enough unto
rnal life, only to believe that there was
ih a one as Christ, and that He did and
)ke such and such things at a distance
thout you; for many may make a belief
1 a profession of this, and yet perish ; but
m that was, of whom j-ou read, without
1, must you receive and witness within
For --The Friom
! Progress of Civilization among tlio Indian Tribes
in llie West under tlic Care of Friends.
Che following table contains the condensed
tistics of the Indian tribes, committed by
38ident Grant to the care of the Society of
iends (Orthodox), and covers the period
m 1868 to 1878 (both inclusive.) The ma-
ials for the table have been collected from
•ious sources, and carefully compared and
rected. Various irregulariiies in the figures
the several years are fully explained by
I history of the tribes for those years, and
18 confirm the general accuracy of the table.
r instance, the crops in the Indian Terri-
yand Kansas, in 1874, were almost wholl3'
off by drought and grasshoppers. The
son of 1876 was also a very unfavorable
) at many of the agencies. The table
iws that in the ten years in which Friends
^e had the care of these Indians :
.. The number of children attending school
I increased nearly seven-fold.
1. The number of acres culiivated bj' In-
ns has increased more than fivefold.
I. Their corn crop has increased more than
en-fold.
:. Their potato crop has increased nearly
I. Their hay crop (cut from prairie grass)
; increased five-fold.
i. The number of cattle owned by Indians
i increased fourteenfbld.
'. The number of hogs owned by Indians
; increased thirteen-fold.
1. The number of houses occupied by In-
ns has increased three-fold.
'. The number of ponies owned by Indians
decidedly diminished. The chief wealth
ivild roving Indians lies in their large herds
)onies. As they locate and begin to adopt
)its of civilized life, they exchange ponies
cattle and hogs.
n 1868, more than half of these Indians were
d, roving and hostile — fresh from a war
ich had cost many lives and millions of
lars — embittered against white people and
leedingly averse to civilization. None ef
ir children had been in school. They
not cultivate the soil, and had neither
ks nor herds, except ponies. Most of the
?r tribes have been compelled in these ten
,rs to undergo the loss and retardation in-
arable from a removal to the Territory
na Kansas. Wm. Nicholson,
Late Gen. Agt. Committee of Friends.
This table includes some tribes
eluded in the table of 1874
Population
Children in school, .
Average attendance.
Boarding Schoohs,
Day Schools, ....
Number who can read.
Acres cultivated by Indians,
Bushels of corn raised by Indian.s,
Potatoes
Tons of hay cut by Indians,
Horses owned by Indi,ans, . .
Cattle " " . .
Hogs, " . " ■ •
Houses occupied by Indians,
Births,
Deaths,
t
.i
16,212
387
10
4
9,784
180,170
11,050
4,327
43,080
4,252
11,697
861
P
17,906
730
11
3
763
1.3,384
68,446
3,852
3,065
41,910
4,678
16,027
898
341
300
1
15,623
846
13
891
14,441
315,120
11,810
5,716
2.5,994
6,.581
12,248
1,070
130
122
i
14,874
655
13
6
973
1.5,360
254,449
10,365
6,336
30,428
8,476
11,154
1,132
372
i
15,583
999
797
13
3
1,096
18,930
420,560
12,400
5,342
19,789
12,306
16,146
1,170
417
629
§
10,100
991
745
12
3
1,151
20,419
479,292
14,680
6,601
20,077
14,847
18,788
1,385
322
287
i
For " The FrieDd."
Incidents and Reflections.— No. %%
SILENT MINISTRY.
The most cogent train of reasoning, and the
mo^t earnest appeals that a preacher can make,
will have little or no effect in awakening a
sinner to true repentance, or in promoting
the spiritual welfare of his hearers, unless it
be accompanied by a measure of that Divine
power which the Lord alone can dispense.
Where the preacher is careful to minister only
in the authority and under the direction of
the Head of the Church, he may safely leave
the results in his Master's hand, who has de-
clared that his word shall accomplish that
which He pleases, and shall prosper in the
things whereto He sends it. We are prone
to place too much reliance on words them-
selves, and to look more to the preacher than
to the quickening Spirit which must give force
to their expressions. Yet there is a ministry
without words— a communion of spirits in
which refreshment and consolation spreads
from one person to others, without anything
being said. Thomas Story describes an in-
teresting occurrence of this kind, when speak-
of the first meeting he attended among
the Society of Friends. He says : " Not long
after I had sat down among them, that hea-
venly and watery cloud overshadowing my
mind, broke into a sweet, abounding shower
of celestial rain, and the greatest part of the
meeting was broken together, dissolved and
comforted in the same divine and holy pre-
sence and influence of the true, holy and
heavenly Lord ; which was divers times re-
peated before the meeting ended. And in the
same way, by the same divine and holy Power,
I had been often favored with before, when
alone; and when no eye but that of Heaven,
beheld, or any knew, but the Lord himself;
who, in infinite mercy, had been pleased to
bestow so great a favor.
"And as the many small springs and streams,
descending into a proper place, and forming a
river, become more deep and weighty; even
so, thus meeting with a people gathered of the
living God into a sense of the enjoyment of
his divine and living presence, through that
blessed and holy medium, the mind of Jesus
Christ, the Son of God, and Saviour of the
world, I felt an increase of the same joy of the
salvation of God."
In speaking ofbisearly religious experience,
after joining the Society of Friends, the same
writer says: "My delight was continually in
the Truth, and I desired no company but of
Friends, and frequented meetings on all occa-
sions; where my heart was frequentlj' ten-
dered by the Truth, and it often reached and
affected others by me, and sometimes very
much ; so that I became very dear to Friends,
and they to mo : And as that tenderness was,
in its nature, an involuntary ministry, being
an operation of the Spirit without words, I
found, for some time, great satisfaction and
safety in it."
Having a desire to visit some other meet-
ings, he went a short journey with Andrew
Taj-lor, a minister of that day. He says, the
ineeling at Sunderland "proved a very com-
fortable time of the enjoyment of the good
presence of the Lord; with which my mind
and heart beingplentifully furnished, it moved
by its own divine force, greatly tendered me,
and bathed me in a flood of tears, from divine,
melting love, and had the like effect over the
meeting ; and this happened in time of ^ilence.
After some time Robert Wardell, a ministering
Friend, at whoserhouse we lodged, spoke some
sentences ; bj' which, I perceived, he thought
I should have uttered some words, by waj' of
public ministry, at that lime. But I did not
apprehend mj' time was then come for that
service ; and it hud the same effect, and perad-
venture, more than if I bad uttered words:
For it was a ministration of the Word, bj' a
more immediate operation, and a great mys-
tery.
"After the meeting many Friends came to
me, and expressed so much love and respect
as gave me occiision to consider what could
be the reason of it ; for they were all strangers
to me, and I to them : and being but a child
in the knowledge of the invisible operation of
the Word of Truth, and its effects, by instru-
ments in a way of silence and sj-mpathy, I
had looked at its effects only in myself for
my own strength and consolation, yet could
not but observe, that at the same instance as
Truth broke in upon me in an eminent man-
ner, (with which, in other places, I had been
often favored before,) it affected the living
part of the meeting the same way, at the same
time: And it is clear to my understanding by
expei-icnce, that there is a communication of
divine love through the one Spirit, and that
unspeakable, among the sanctified in Christ,
at this day, as well as in time past; and that
in a state of holy silence, as the members of
Christ sit together in their heavenly places in
230
THE FRIEND.
Recent Discoveries and Scripture.
At the recent Church Congress in Sheffield
we dnd one of the sittings was occupied with
dis.eussing the question, — " What dednite
suits as to the interpretation of Scripture have
been produced by the discoveries in Egypt,
Nineveh, Palestine, and the Catacombs of
Rome ?" Several papers were read on this
important and interesting question; one by
Canon Tristram, of Durham, is as follows
" When from the historical we proceed to
that oye of history, the geographical and to
pographical details of tlie early Scriptures,
our attention is directed chiefly to the journ
of the wanderings of the Exodus and to the
allotment of the Land of Promise. These
are full of topographical notes on the Sinaitio
Peninsula and the various countries east of
Jordan ; while the book of Joshua describes,
with the fulness of a government survey, the
various tribal boundaries, and contains long
lists of the towns and villages allotted to each
tribe. The recent surveys of the Sinaitie Po
ninsulahave shown ihe most exact accordance
of the record of the Exodus with existing to
pographical facts; an accordance which would
be inconceivable unless the history were com
piled at the time. — Holland's researches
have shown that at that verj' date the mining
region north-east of Suez was occupied by
strong Egyptian garrisons, and that the Isr;
elites could have taken no other route than
the southern one between Jabel-en-Rabah and
the lied Sea. Then, after crossing the Eed
Sea, we have Ayan Musa (Moses' Well), then
three days' journey without water; then the
bitter springs of Marah ; then Elim, with its
palm trees and vegetation still existing. From
Elim they go back to the sea, and follow down
the coast. Then, where a bold headland for-
bids further progress, 'they removed from the
Eed Sea and encamped in the wilderness of
Sin,' i.e., where the headland Eas Abu Zen
meh forbids further passage they turn inland
and double it. Thence there is only one roai:
evading Tanjebeh, which, with their baggage
the Israelites could have taken towards Sinai
with two halting places by the way. Hen
— Holland has traced Eephidim, and beyond
the pass the old circular huts of an extinct
race — the Amalekites — with their hearth
stones, and the remains of bones and charred
wood. In the open space we find every con-
dition required for the delivery of the law
from Sinai, and also for the most minute de-
tails of the battle of Eephidim.
"Eastward from Sinai, again at a distance
of three days' journey, Professo;- Palmer dis-
covered a piece of ground covered for many
acres with the stone circles which mark the
site of camps, but of a different shape from
any now in use. The hearthstones were still
there, and pieces of charcoal beneath the sur-
face. Stretching to a great distance round
the camps were numbers of grave mounds,
said by the Arabs to be the remains of a vast
pilgrim caravan which pitched there ages
agone, and was afterwards lost in the desert
of the Tih. No doubt remained in the mind
of the explorers that they were actually on
the site of Ki broth Hattaavah, and that their
fingers as they turned the stone heaps and
examined the teeth amongst the dust were
grimed with the dust of them that lusted.
Exactly a day's journey further on, they dis-
covered the wells and romantic oasis of Ain
Hudherah, the Arabic equivalent for Haze-
eroth. If beyond this each halting-place has
not been traced and identified, it is simplj'
because from the nature of the case it is most
unlikely that names probably given at the
time by the travellers themselves to feature-
less camping grounds should have been pro-
served. But the latter part of the wander-
ings has been traced with the same accuracy
as the earlier. A discovery by — Holland
only this year of a labyrinth of valleys, slopes,
roads, and hilly country in the north of the
desert of Tih in the region just south of Ain
Gades, recognized as Kadesh Barnea, solves
all the difficulties connected with the protract
ed sojourn of a vast host for many years in
this region.
" Proceeding from the watershed of Jebelel
Tih, northward through Jebel Mugrah, —
Holland found what seems to have afforded
the road known as 'the way of the spies,' a
wide region full of traces of ancient habita-
tions and cultivations. West of this region
he has traced an easy, direct, and well-watered
route to Egypt, with wells and ancient ruins,
and numbers of flint flakes and arrow heads,
proving that it was a road much used in very
early times, while large tracts of land are
still cultivated there. The pass of Akkrabim,
the mountain of the Amorites, Tephath, of
Hormah — none of these were mere traditional
names, but actually recognized sites where the
march of Israel can be most distinctly traced.
I need not further trace the later history of
Numbers and Deuteronomy, the minute de
tails of all the movements of Israel, round
Eden through Moab, and to the plains of
Shiltira, or the high places of Balak and
Balaam.
"Then, entering into Palestine itself, with
the book of Joshua in our hands, we scarce
need a further guide. The officers of the Pa
lestine E.^ploration Fund have laid down in
that ordnance map, which in a few weeks will
be in your hands, 2770 names, where previ
ously only 450 were laid down. Of all the
long catalogues of Joshua, there is scarce a
village, however insignificant, which does not
retain for its desolate heap or its modern
hovels the Arabic equivalent for the name
written down by Joshua 3300 years ago. But
it is not merely in the continuance by an
'occult Providence' of the names in the very
places where they ought by the record to be,
it is the little touches which often startle by
the way in which they carry conviction of the
time and place of the sacred penman. Thus,
when we read that Abraham's second encamp-
ment ' was on a mountain east of Bethel, and
that he pitched his tent, having Bethel on the
west and Hai on the east, andlhere he build-
ed an altar;' and when, between the site of
Bethel and the desolate heap, the 'Tell' of Oi,
we observe a valley, and in its centre a lofty
hill, with undecipherable ruins on its summit,
whence, and whence alone a view oft he Jordan
valley and the head of the Dead Sea is obtain-
d, we know exactly where Abraham stood,
and where the writer placed him. Thus is
proof and illustration rapidly accumulating;
the one definite result is certainly this, that
hostile criticism must now be subjective and
not objective. If there be a corroborated or
llustrated historj' of the world, we have it
here. The solvent of unbelief cannot dissolve
he sculptured stones and burnt tablets of
Chaldea. But scepticism, like other organ-
isms, may still preserve her continuity, while,
Proteus like, she develops new forms by a
process of evolution; that theory which its
votaries tell us is universally accepted liy ;'
thinking and educated men, while in the s:u '
breath they admit that the proofs are ii |
forthcoming, nor is it reasonable to oxp-
they should be. The historical assault, I
been triumphantly repulsed. Wecalmly aw
the next charge. For magna est Veritas tl j
valebit." — British Friend.
Thomas Ellwood, speaking of George F,i
says, "Ages to come and people yet uiiIhmi
shall call him blessed, and bless the Lord 1 1
raising him up: and blessed also shall \vf In
if we so walk as we had him for an exanipl;
for whom this testimony lives in my heart, t
lived and died the servant of the Lord."
This prediction has been fulfilled and is y
being fulfilled in the hearts of many ; neve
theless there is a large portion of the merabe
of the Society that he was so instrumental ■
gathering, that professes to think, althoue
he and other of the primitive Friends wei
good men in their way, we have nothing t
do with their convictions and experience;
but are called to take a new "departure,
more in accordance with the progress of th
age.
If told they are not promulgating the rel
gion taught and exemplified by the earl
Friends, they appear to think it a quite suft
eient rcpl}-, that they are not called to preac
the belief of George Fox and his fellow-labo
ers; but Jesus Christ and Him crucified. Th
may be true if George Fox and other founder
of the Society did not preach Jesus Christ an
Him crucified; and might be said with cquj
truth of the apostles, were they deficient re
specting those fundamental truths. No on
is required to rest his faith, on the belief o
teachings of those "Sons of the morning," c
to propagate the doctrines and testimonie
they impressed upon professing Christians
merely because they believed them to be th
fruits of the gospel of Christ. But no one ca;
be justified, while remaining a member of th
Society of Friends, to hold out the idea tha
its founders saw t)ut darkly the truths an(
fruits of the gospel, and that the greater ligh
bestowed on the present generation detect
their errors, and leads into a less narrow, raor
liberal way to life and salvation, and yet claim
to be their representatives.
We are told the Society is in a transitiona
slate ; the old beliefs and practices are passinj
away ; a new system is taking their place, anc
therefore it is to be expected that old char
acteristics and landmarks should disappear
This is obviousi}' correct, so far as it relatei
to those who assert it and induce others t(
unite with them ; but that does not affect th(
plain, indisputable truth, that those admitlec
changes should carry with them an hones;
relinquishment by those adopting them o
their claim to be recognized as Friends. No;
that such have not the right to make what
ever changes in their i\iith and usages thej
may deem improvements, but they have nc
right to impose them on those who remain
attached to the "good old way."
Wo suppose there arediflferentcauses assign-
ed by different individuals for the revolution
ary results now widely seen and known, anc
others evidently developing. We can hardlj
suppose they have originated from a desire tc
shatter the system of Quakerism merely bo
cause it is old, or to reject its anciently estab-
hod principles because they have been trans
THE FRIEND.
231
litted tbrough many generations from the
ast. If tracked home, we believe it will be
)und they have sprung mainly from an insid-
)us growth of disbelief in, or depreciation of
tiat fundamental dwtrine of the Gospel, of an
universal saving Light," bestowed on all men
B God's gift for man's salvation ; and a corres-
ending undue exaltation of the IIolj^ Scrip-
ares a-( the primary rule of faith and prac-
ce. The fruit naturally produced by this,
as been an exaggerated estimate of the value
(■ the study and exposition of the Bible, and
f the instrumentality of bible-schools, or bible-
lasses therefor.
Friends have ever believed, that " All Serip-
ire is given by inspiration of God, and is pro-
table for doctrine, tor reproof, for corrottion,
)r instruction in righteousness; that the man
" God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished
nto all good works:" that "They are able
) make wise unto salvation, through faith
hick is in Christ Jesus ;" and that they are
ae only Divinely authorized outward rule
nd test of doctrine and practice. They have
Iso constantly maintained that as they have
■od for their author, so his Holy Spirit alone
their rightful and certain interpreter ; and
lat it is only as this Spirit is waited for and
enlightening influence experienced, that
y can savingly understand and apply the
iritual truths contained in them.
It was the Ligh t of Christ in wardlj- revealed,
at enabled the apostles and their converts
) practically comprehend the offices of Christ,
ind to have a personal knowledge of the ful
ess of the blessing of his gospel ; as one ofi
tietu thus teslides, "God, who commanded
ght to shine out of darkness, hath shined in
ur hearts to give the light of the knowledge
f the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ."
.gain, ''That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ,
be Father of glory, may give unto you the
pirit of wisdom and revelation in the know-
idge of Him ; the ej^es of your understanding
eing enlightened, that ye may know what is
ne hope of his calling, and what the riches of
he glory of his inheritance in the saints, and
I'hatis the exceodinggreatnessof his power to
|s-ward vvho believe, according to the working
f his mighty power." The prophet, in view
he falsity of any other acknowledgement
f divine truth than that derived from inter-
al conviction by grace, declares of some in
is day, " Though they say the Lord liveth,
urel}^ they swear falsel}-." And the apostle,
1 full confidence in the indispensable necessity
f the inshining of the Light of Christ, to en-
ble an}' to comprehend and accept the truths
- the Gospel, unhesitatingly asserts, "That
> man can say that Jesus is the Lord but by
e Holy Ghost."
In thus giving the preeniinenee to the re-
elations of the Holy Spirit in communicating
knowledge of the things pertaining to God,
nd the salvation of the immortal soul ; and
ae necessity of its mediation for the right
nderstandiug and proper application of the
icred truths recorded in the Holy Scriptures,
riends do not detract from them as adivine-
r inspired narrative of the facts, principles,
recepts and promises connected with the re-
gion of Christ; nor in anywise discourage
tieir diligent perusal, with the mind turned
1 humility to wait on the Source of all saving
nowledge for their opening on the under-
tanding, which is an incumbent duty. The
reat error is in attempting to measure the
leaning of the text and its application, as
the revelation of the divine will for our own
guidance, or teaching it to others by our own
intellectual powers alone, however strong or
cultivated. "The natural man receiveth not
the things of the Spirit of God, for they are
foolishness unto him; neither can he know
them, because the}' are spiritually discerned."
There is perfect harmony between the sacred
truths contained in the Scrij)ture8 and the
teachings of the Holy Spirit to the soul; but
owing to a lack of waiting for and experienc-
ing the instruction of Him who alone has the
key of David, the incapacity of the natural
man, the deceitfulness of his lieart, and the
bias of education, lead him to give false in-
terpretations of, or to draw wrong inferences
from the texts ; hence wide diversities, and
palpable contradictions in doctrines are en-
tertained and inculcated, tending to confusion
and blindness. The truths of the gospel are
not unsettled or changed by the unauthorized
manner in which they are taught or received,
but their meaning may be dangerously per-
verted; and tney may be admitted solelj'from
the consent of the understanding; hut the
knowledge thus obtained, in no sense makes
wise unto salvation. The fundamental con-
viction of their verity and spiritual meaning,
is only communicated through the Spirit
which first dictated them ; and this applies to
both teacher and scholar.
There is a danger which comparatively few
escape who are habitually engaged in study-
ing and leaching in bible-classes: that is re-
lying on the knowledge thus obtained for the
rule of life, instead of close watchfulness for
and childlike obedience to the gentle intima-
tions of Divine Grace in the secret of the soul,
which alone can bring salvation. The temp-
tation is hardly recognized, as this substitu-
tion is not acknowledged or thought attendant
upon the professed object for which such
schools are instituted, and its insidious influ-
ence may obtain ascendency almost unawares.
"Ye search [or search] the Scriptures, for in
them ye think ye have eternal life, and thej'-
are they which testify of me ; and j'e will not
come to me that ye may have life." Is it not
often apparent that the actors, both teachers
and scholars, give unmistakable evidence they
have not learned to bear the yoke in their
youth ; to sit alone and keep silence because
they have borne it upon them : to put the
mouth in the dust if so be there may be hope?
Studying or expounding the Scriptures can-
not bring forth the new birth, nor carry on
the work of regeneration. That can bo done
only by the Holy Spirit; a measure of which
is therefore given to every man to profit
withal. But man in his natural state, when
earnestly engaged in things of a religious
character, may readily become puffed up with
an idea of his own attainments in biblical
knowledge, and his capacity to teach others
the things that appertain to the kingdom of
God ; and, among Fiiends as well as other re-
ligious professors, there are many assuming
the oBice of Teachers of the mysteries of the
Gospel of salvation, who have never been
called thereto by the Holy Ghost.
When George Fox and the early Friends
came forth, he says, " All Christendom was
on heaps" about the Scriptures, " because they
were not led by the same Holy Ghost, as those
were who gave forth the Scriptures ; which
Holy Ghost they must come to in themselves,
and be led by, if they come into all the truth
of them ;" and yet they were great sticklers
for studying and explaining the Scriptures;
but slighted or contemned the doctrine of a
univer^al and saving Light in man.
William Penn after speaking of the " Light
of Christ within, as God's gift for man's sal-
vation," as the distinguishing doctrine of
Friends, says, "This is the root of the goodly
tree of doctrines that grew and branched out
from it." Here was the origin of the various
testimonies which Friendswere called to main-
tain before the world, and of the strict, self-
denying lives they felt constrained to lead.
Not that it begot in them any disesteem for
the Scriptures, but accepting the Holy Spirit
as the primary rule of faith and practice, and
the only reliable exponent and applier of the
sacred truths recorded by holy men under
divine inspiration, they held them as a sec-
jondary rule, and properly understood, an in-
estimable blessing, by which the man of God
might become perfect, thoroughly furnished
unto all gooil works.
The immediate operation of Divine Grace
on the soul being the efficient cause of bring-
ing forth the fruits of primitive Christianity
into which Friends were led, it is a natural
consequence that if there is a departure there-
from, and something else substituted therefor,
clearness of vision relative to the testimonies
which have sprung from it, and which involve
cross bearing, will be lost, and the members
will be exposed to the danger of deserting
many importunt characteristics of their pro-
fession, heretofore esteemed essential to main-
taining the position assigned to Friends in
the militant church by its glorified Head and
High Priest.
Unhappil V the tendency of the bible classes,
&c., among Friends to detract from the im-
portance of the doctrine of the Light of Christ
as the primary rule of faith and practice, and
jthe necessit}^ of attention and obedience to it,
'is deplorably illustrated by the course of the
I modern reformers in the Society, who lay
great stress upon the support of such agency
las a principal means for promoting their im-
^provements. How has the testimony to the
'call and qualification for the ministry been
'practically lowered, and the character of the
preaching consequently depreciated among
very many ! the beautiful and solemn practice
of silent waiting upon God in our meetings
for Divine worship, denounced, as unfit for
mixed assemblies; and reading the Scriptures,
singing, repetition of prayers, and telling ex-
periences introduced in its place, and very
■generally practised in many meetings. The
! testimony to plainness of speech, behavior
' and apparel is very generally disregarded, and
I even derided by many of them ; and there is
'a close approximation to a paid ministry
'among not a few in conspicuous positions;
[who also officiate as "ordained ministers"^
as the law prescribes— in performing the cere-
jmony of marriage, and receive their reward
therefor.
That man in his fallen and lost state can
empower himself to deny his natural propen-
sities, and translate himself out of the dark-
ness of sin into the light of the gospel, seems
such a vain imagination that we are staggered
I when told that any professing to be Friends
can believe it ; and yet there is no doubt that
some of the more advanced among the re-
formers, in advocating their favorite doctrine
that Christ has paid the whole ransom for
man, and that we may lay hold of complete
salvation whenever we please, by believing in
232
THE FRIEND.
his atoning sacrifice, and, by appropriating its
efficacy to ourselves stand fully acquitted
the Divine sight, declare that wo are not to
expect to receive the gift of the Holy Spirit
until after becoming reconciled believers.
Well did Philadelphia Yearly Meeting de-
clare in its " Appeal" ibr the ancient doctrines
of Friends, in 1847, "Such is the deceitfulness
of the human heart, and the subtlety of the
unwearied adversary, that man may imagine
himself to be a believer in Christ, justified by
his blood, and saved by his imputed righteous-
ness, merel}' because he believes the doc-
trines of Holj- Scripture, while he has never
known the flaming sword that keeps the way
of the tree of life, to pass upon the transgress
ing nature, separating between the precious
and the vile, and making him a true believer
in Christ, from the inward, heart-felt know-
ledge of Him as the wisdom of God and the
God."
thing more than a pastime in Holland. There Isold at $1.90 a $2.10 per bbl ; choice lots S2.2.
it is one of the useful arts, and is universally
practised and highly esteemed. It offers a
very convenient mode of travel in winter over
the canals that almost entirely supply the
place of roads in the land of dykes ; and
people skate from farm to farm, and from
town to town, and to church, and to market,
often carrying heavy burdens.— 5f. Nicholas.
Humility is a virtue that all preach, few
practise, and yet everybody is content to
hear. The master thinks it good doctrine
power of God." * ** " Not being grounded
on the inward work of Christ upon the soul,
this religion of sentiment rather than of ex-
perience, does not make obedience in the day
of small things, the essential condition of
greater attainments ; but rather reasons away
these little requisitions of duty, as things of
small account, and so tramples underfoot the
cross of Christ, and consents to an alliance
with the spirit and the pursuits, the maxims
and the manners of the world." C. E.
2d mo. 22d.
The History of Skating. — It can only be con-
jectured when skaiingwas first practised, but
it was certainly very long ago. ]n that an-
cient collection of Scandinavian songs and
legends known as the "Bdda," Uller, th(
handsome god, is described as being the pos
sessor of a pair of skates. This proves that
skating is, at least, a thousand years old. It
is supposed to have been introduced into Eng-
land about the twelfth century, and into tlie
central parts of Europe sumewhat earlier. It
is curious, that although all northern nations
possessed the sledge, those of America knew
nothing of the skate, while the people- of Eu-
rope did not have the snow-shoe. The course
of invention varied, according to requirements.
In America, in high latitudes, the snows are
heavy, and open ice is comparatively rare. In
the corresponding parts of Europe, there is
much more clear ice, and proportionately less
snow.
The ancient skates were nothing but the
shinbones of oxen or other largo animals,
pierced with holes t
berries, $7 a $8 per bbl.
Seeds— Clover 6J^ a 7 cts. per lb. Flaxseed, $1
a $1.40 per bushel. Timothy, fl.lO a $1.25.
Flour.— Minnesota extra,^$4.50 a $5; Penna.
S4..50 a $4.75; Ohio extra family, $4.50 a $.5 ; fa;
S5.20 a $5.25 ; patent, $7.25 ; and other liiglier gra
$7.75 a $8. Rye flour, $2.65 a $2.75. Corn m
$2..>5 a $2.60.
Grain. — Delaware amber wheat, $1.10 a $1 11
bushel ; western red, $1.09 a $1.10 ; white, *1.12. I
54 a 56 cts. Corn, 43 a 45 cts. Oats, mixed 28 i
i. ; white, 30 a 32 cts.
Beef cattle were in demand, and prices firmer. Ej
Penna. and western steers sold at 5i a 6i cts. ; fai
his servant, the laity for tlie eleru^y and '^°'"'' ■*-* ^ ^* '^'■^- > common, 3 a 4 cts'. per pound gr
clergy for the laity. ?,'^^*^P% "* ^ ^ ^'■^- Ver pound, as to condition. H
6} a b;^ cts. per pound.
Foreign.— Though there has been no formal act
taken by any portion of the workmen terminating
strike in Liverpool, the difficulty in securing labor I
ended. Some classes of laborers have resumed wort
reduced wages.
_ On the night of the 20th ult., six inches of snow
in London and its vicinity— much impeding rail\
and other traffic.
Later reports from Cape Town place the British 1
appropria- in the recent battles with the Zulus, much below I
THE FRIEND
THIRD MONTH 1, 1879.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
_ United States.— Of the twelve annual
tion bills, only five have received fin;
g:ress. The Post-offi
Senate on the
other amendments.
one from New York the 'other from°New Orleanrto 'oirght to appoint a royal comm
mne o?'dH,' """^ *^" per annum for each nautical nent statesmen, medical men and ^pecTalTsTsT'to iny;:
T .1 Anr PI " ° K',rf^- • ^^^ '""r'f '" ^" monthly, 'gate the plague in Russia. ^ '
fn?htT^ Tl '"^ ''■■'•^/"^ ^^f^f.'^ 9"", ^°""'' '' "°^ i ^ commission is forming '
in the hands of the President 'ri,^ (■„„!; e : L , . . °
tion to this bill, througli
rbil'r.o're'I'lfr'fh?!""^ VT ^''''"^''^' ^^i ^^'^F I ^'■- Zdekauer.-court physician tolhe''c;a;,^'trt;:U,
tl House Taf 6th m^nrnl'^' T'T' "'l"^'^^ ^^'^^ P'''?"'^ ^^ "''^'''y ^^''°^'- S''°i'='^ ^eprn'^ are
,.„,, „,« - .• , M? "" °' ^°"' r""^' reports. Several vessels have left England dui,
on ; if ^PP'-^P'-'ation bill, pa.s.sed the the week, with reinforcements for the army,
-uui Ult with the BraziUian subsidy and At a recent meeting of the Royal College of Phy
r-^tJ\!l P':uP°n''i" Siye to^two lines, |cians in London, it was resolved ;that the Governmt
nission consisting of en
and specialists, to inves
I °f' ~rr>r~ ;■"",." "p " ""'.' I ^ tuiiiui.ssiuii IS lorming in St. Petersburg, special
dent. Ihe feeling of opposi- to watch over the sanitary condition of the troops .
f!u^ D."":'jTi ''Z^''^ _^":°".S' I •■efereuM to the prevailing typhus and plague epide
receive $1000, and the second $800 per annum.
It was officially stated before the Senate Committee
on Agriculture, that the country is free of pleuro-
pneumonia among cattle.
There were distributed by the railway postal clerks
on the line between New York and Pittsburg durino-
last mouth, 66,800 packages of letters, 11,152 sacks ol-
papers, making an aggregate of 341,160 pieces of letter
mail, and 1,130,400 pieces mail .separated and made up
for routes and offices. There were 28,005 registered
packages ; 46 men were engaged in the distribution
The fourteen Reading Railroad steam colliers made
504 voyages last year, and carried 580,971 tons of coal.
One oi ihe fleet, the Leopard, w.as lost.
Very cold weather is again reported from the north
west: at Winnipeg on the 20th ult., the thermometer
marked 35 deg. below zero ; at Fort Pellv, 38 deg. The
most .severe snow storm of this season, in'New England
prevailed on the 20th ult. Across Mount Washington
the wind is stated to have been blowing at the rate of
'14 miles an hour; the buildings are buried to their
eaves in snow, and the temperature is frequently 20 deg.
below zero.
The average attendance of the Ma.s.sachusetts public
the vill
ceive the cords
thongs which bound them to the feet. Fitz- fn?"' T\ ^'T' '' ^7S" J*' ^28,447. There" were
oi.,«i ^ ' 1. n- I i-r 1 ^"^ ■^>->'- iiL/; 1115 male teachers, and 7,390 females The iTNrieo
Stephen s- H.Story ot London," written in the of the former were $75.64 ; latter $33 04 per month
tliii-tcenth century, is the earliest English! .The existence of yellow fever in New Orleans i.s de-
'' ' '' ' ' "fed by the Pre.sident of the Health Board of that citv,
Alayor Patton, Governor Nichols, and other prominent
officials and citizens.
book in which skating is spoken of; and we
learn, from its descriptwn, that the performers
upon these bone skates kept themselves in
motion by striking aj^ainst the ice with an
iron-shod pole. Sometimes specimens of these
bono skates have been discovered, in the pro-
gressof excavations, insoveralEuropean coun-
tries; and a very well preserved pair, so found
in England some years ago, can now be seen
in the British Museum.
It is unknown when or where iron was first
eqiployed in the construction of skates. It
was probably in Holland ; for skates of a pat-
tern very much like that of the ones we have
now, not only were known in that country,
but were extensively used by all classes of its
people, long before the pastime cif skating
became general elsewhere. Skating is some
The engine of a new propeller exploded during a
trial, in one of the streets of Stockton, Cal., on the 22d
ult., killing 16 persons, and injuring 26 in the assem
bled crowd.
The number of deaths in this city for the week end-
ing at noon on the 22d ult., were 353. Of this numbe
53 died of consumption ; diphtheria, 15; disease of the
heart, 11 ; typhoid fever, 10; and inflammation of the
lungs 40.
Markets, <fcc.— U. S. sixes, 1881, 106J ; 5 per cents,
104; ; 4i per cents, registered, 105}; do. coupon, 106i'
4 per cents, lOOJ a lOOi ; 5-20s, 1867, 102^ ; do. 1868,
Trade in most departments is reported as fairly active
during the week, but prices unsettled.
Cotton was in fair demand, about 1000 bales of mid-
dlings sold at 9| a 10 cts. per pound for uplands and
New Orleans.
Fresh Fruits.— Apples were in demand— mixed cars
The Riiska Mir, of St. Petersburg, has been obligi
to suspend publication for commenting on the depio
able condition of the country and the despotic mann^
in which it is governed.
In the Reichstag a motion was presented on the 19l
ult., contesting the correctness of the Governmeni
terpretation of the Socialist law, and refusing the coi
sent of the Reichstag to the proposed arrests of men
bers. After a long debate, the first part of the motio
(disputing the correctness of the Government's interpn
tetion of the law) was adopted by a large ma)orif
The part refusing assent to the arrests was adopte
almost unanimously.
The protectionists in France are very active. Sever:
deputations recently visited the Minister of Agricultur
and Commerce, and urged sur-taxes in favor of th
French flag and manufacturers. They pointed out iha
the constant lowering of wages in England compelle.
" reduction in wages of the French operatives.
The Agricultural Society of France unanimo......
adopted a resolution requesting the Government to fol
low the example of England in prohibiting the impoi
tation of live American cattle.
in the river Loire is causing dis.astrous inun
dations.
The French- Atlantic cable is reported broken 16
miles from Saint Pierre Migiielon, in 500 fathoms o
water.
The Italian Government has prohibited the impor
tation of American swine, or any preparation of thei
sh, as a precaution against trichinosis.
A petition from the workingmen of Austria, askinj
for universal suflrage, has been presented to the Lowe
House of the Reichsrath.
The salt mines at Wilieska are said to have beer
flooded. The miners were saved.
_ Reports from Rio Janeiro say that yellow fever tht
IS increasing. The deaths from the epidemic numbei
daily from 5 to 10.
CORRECTION.-On page 219 of "The Friend,'^
first column, 5th line from top, own should be ever.
FRIENDS' ASYLl'.M FOR THE INSANE,
Near Fr„nkf„nl, iT„rnl,/-thln! Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physi,i:n, and .Si,|'.TiMU.n,l,.nt-JoHNC. H.^LL, M.D.
AppluMiKins l,ir thr .Vdniission of Patients may be
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board oi
ager
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, THIRD MONTH
NO. 30.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice, if paid la advance, S2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance S2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage On tho-ie sent by mail.
SiUicriptiona and Payraenta received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
T SO. 116 SORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
Selected for " The Friend."
ne Account of Murgaret Ellis, from a copy left by-
Lawrence Ring when travelling on a religious visit
in America,
Concerning my experience of the dealings
the Lord with me from my youth. At
urteen years of age the call of the Almightj-
IS to me, when seeing some of my com-
iiiions carried to their graves, and a eon-
rn came over my mind with a consideration
dither their souls were gone, and where
ine would be if then taken away ; which
llowed me and remained on my mind many
ys, till my parents observed something
are than usual in my countenance. There-
)on they sent for a priest to examine the
use, which he did. My answer was, that I
as afraid of dving lest I should not be saved,
len he examined me concerning the cate-
ism and sacraments, which I could readily
iswer to, having learned them several years
fore, upon which the poor priest was at a
ind, and could not direct me what I should
I, but at la.st he would have me come and
ke the bread and wine, called the sacra-
eiits; and when I came to the church (so
lied) I received upon my knees the bread
IL of his hands. At that instant there came
voice clearly speaking to me in my heart,
,at that would not do to save my soul, and
le same also as to the wine. But self pleaded
ilh me, why should not that do; and my
^rents and good neighbors said that it would
i, wliich pleading followed mo sever-al days
1 at length, through the inclination of self
id being willing to hare an easier way, the
itness for God in my breast was suppressed
\d overcome in me. I making choice of the
^oad way which leads to destruction, ihrougli
jnily and the diversions of the world, for-
ftting the Lord days without number.
Yet He did not fori;et me, for in less than
ven years afterwards his call was to me
;ain in my >oa\ as before, concerning eternity
id how it might be with me hereafter, and
en 1 returned in earnest to look within at
y own stale, and to the anointing mentioned
r the apostle, which opened clearly in my
ind, and I concluded not to make known
y inward exercise to any man, inasmuch
the teaching of the Lord was so near in my
art that th-re was no need of seeking after
hrist by adhering to man, when they should
y, "Lo here or lo there," seeing the king-
)m is within. About that time I was under
close exercise of mind, and often in secret
prayer to the Lord that he would be pleased
to manifest lo me ray duty, and in vvhat way
I should walk so as to please him, still being
willing to continue among the people of the
Church of England, with whom my heart's
delight was. At the same time a voice ran
through m3'soul, that I was seeking the living
among the dead and life where it was not ;
and also the call of the Lord to Samuel came
into my mind, that he went to the priest to
enquire what the-voice meant, who directed
him to the Lord himself; but when I went to
the priest, he did not do as Eli did, but
directed me to the outward elements of bread
and wine, where no comfort at all was to be
found.
About this time acertain woman beingsick
sent for me, desiring that I would pray by
her, but I was at a loss for want of my com-
mon praj'er book, which I had forgotten to
take with me, yet ventured to kneel down
with others, by the bed side, being familiar
with the prayers. But all matter of the com-
mon prayer was taken from me that I could
not express one word but remaining a little
while, I was indued with such power and fer-
vency of spirit as I never felt before, and
prayed for a long time to the great admira-
tion of the people present, who were under
great tenderness, as I afterwards heard. The
report of this was carried to my father's
house, and my mother was very inquisitive
to know in what book I had met with such
prayers, as the people said they had never
heard the like before. I answered, that I had
learned it in no book at all, for it was indeed
through the inspiration of the holy and divine
Spirit.
A while after this I went to a place of
merriment amongst my companions, where
I was used to sing, dance, and play cards,
with them. But now I could not do any
thing at all at such pastimes, the call of the
Lord being expressly to me to depart from
them, and when I had given up in obedience
thereto, and lold them of my uueasines-i, they
would fain have persuaded me to stay longer,
but I signified that I had tarried long enough
among them to my sorrow, and I would not
come any more, whereupon three of my com-
panions accompanied me home, and in the
way I lold them it was well if the Lord did
not cause the earth to open and swallow us
up for our vanity, with more to the like effect,
at which they were broken into tenderness.
Still it remained very much in my mind con-
cerning our outward and formal worship, and
of seeking the living among the dead, and life
where it was not. My brother had been
among the Quakers a little while, and he liv-
ing at Dolobran, where was a meeting, I had
a mind to pay him a visit. When I came
there I went with him to a meetinir, at which
was a worthy minister, Robt. Griffith, whose
testimony very much aff-cted my mind with
great tenderness, declaring of the very things
that had rested on my mind, as if he had
known of them. But I hid my exercise, not
being willing that any one should discover
the tenderness of mind I was under. After
meeting my brother asked me what I thought
of their preacher. I was unwilling he should
know how effectually I was reached, so I said,
he is either a witch or a prophet. When I
returned home my mother acquainted me that
one of her neighbors had advised her not to
let me go to see my brother, le-t I also should
become a Quaker: whereat I was greatly en-
raged against that neighbor, for supposing I
would turn Quaker, and was in such a passion
as to be very unfit to say my praj^ers, omit-
ng them. That night (my mother sitting
up by the fire) I was in a kind of trance [or
dreani], and heard as it were the sound of a
trumpet, with a call to all the ends of the
earth. As I was thus terrified, all those things
that were on my mind before came into my
ew with very heavy exercise, so that I was
ready lo conclude the call to the ends of the
earth was directed to me, and that to find
peace of mind I was willing to be a Quaker or
ny thing else that the L')rd was pleased to
manifest as my duty. After this I went to
Friends' meeting, fourteen miles or more from
home, as privately as I could. My father soa-
"ng my zeal in going to meetings, was willing
to have me to their church (s) called) to meet
three or four priests, to tiy if they could bring
me off from Quakerism before he would give
me Ids blessing. Accordingly 1 went, but in
that conference their deceit and formality
was so manifested to me that I very clearly
saw their emptiness, upon which I told my
'alher that I would never more come to their
church, unless it should be to his or my
mother's burial. This resolution was so dis-
pleasing to him that ever after he carried him-
If severe and hard towards me. But my
mother commiserated my case, and seeing me
resolved to continue going to Friends' meet-
ngs, encouraged me to go and live near Dolo-
bran. and furnished me good clothes, and some
wool to keep myself employed; also money
to pay my board, which I gratefully accepted,
and took up my^abodo with a widow woman.
There was a young man living near Dolo-
bran, lately convinced, with whom I had re-
ligious conversation. He being veiy ill and
like to die, I went sometimes to visi^ him, and
asking him how it was with him in regard
lo his future state, he told me he feared it
would not be well with him, and seemed very
unwilling 10 die, desiring I would pray for
him, which brought a very heavy exercise
over me in consideration of his being joined
with Friends, and yet unprepared for his
change, and I was constrained to pray for
him that he might recover of that sickness;
and then it was queried with me what would
[ give if ho might be made whole, to which
my answer was, Lord I will give all that I
have in the world. Whilst I was attending
this young man, a fire occurred at the widow
woman's where I lodged, and the neighbors
1^31
THE FRIEND.
coming to her assistance carried out all he
goods, 80 that she lost not the value of five
shillings, whereas not the least thing was
saved of mine but one garment. The young
man recovered in a short time, but 1 being
left thus destitute, was obliged to return t(
my father's, and was soon after taken ill my
self of an ague which held me about two
months; my father thereupon expressed him
self to my mother after this manner, " that
there seemed to be a judgment on me for turn-
ing my back on the church, and he should
not be sorry if I should die of that illness,
that he might give mo a christian burial."
But 1 prayed to the Lord that I might re-
cover, desiring not to be buried after their
form. And as 1 was musing upon my bed, it
came fresh in my mind that it I would rise at
break of day, and take a walk out of doors, I
should be well. So in the faith of that I arose
early and went out to walk. But my mother
hearing me, followed and brought me in again,
and thereupon the ague left me, and I was
healed that very hour, even as the centurion's
servant was, to whom it was said, "As thou
hast believed so be it unto thee."
(To be concluded.)
For " The Friend."
Incidents and Reflections. — No. .lli,
BENEVOLENCE.
In the days when Abraham Lincoln, as an
Illinois lawyer, " rode the circuit" of the dis-
trict in which he practised, an amusing inci-
dent occurred in connection with one of those
journeys, which gives a pleasant glimpse into
the honest lawyer's heart. He was riding by
a deep slough, in which, to his exceeding pain,
he saw a pig struggling, and with sued faint
efforts, that it was evident he could not ex-
tricate himself from the mud. Lincoln looked
at the pig and the mud which enveloped him,
and then looked at some new clothes with
which be had but a short time before en-
veloped himself. Deciding against the claim
of the pig, he rode on, but he could not get
rid of sympathy with the poor brute ; and, at
last, after riding two miles, he turned back, de
termined to rescue the animal at the expense
of his new clothes. Arrived at the spot, he
lied his horse, and cooUj^ went to work to
build of old rails a passage to the bottom of
the hole. Descending on those rails, he seized
the pig and dragged him out, but not without
serious damage to the clothes he wore. Wash-
ing his hands in the nearest brook, and wiping
them on the ijrass, ho mounted his gig and
rode along. He then fell to examining the
motive that sent him back to the release of
the pig. At the first thought, it seemed to
be pure benevolence; but at length became
to the conclusion that it was selfishness, for
he certainly went to the pig's relief in order
(as ho said to the friend to whom he related
the incident,) " to take a pain out of his own
mind."
Abraham Lincoln'afriendly feelings towards
all were such, that he never made much
money in his business. An unfortunate man
was a subject of his sympathy, no matter
what his business relations to him might be.
A man named Cogdal, who related the inci-
dent to Lincoln's biographer, met with a
financial wreck in 1843. He employed Lin-
coln as his lawyer, and at the close of the
business, gave him a note to cover the regular
lawyer's fees. He was soon afterwards in-
jured by an accidental discharge of powder.
and lost his hand. Meeting Lincoln some-
time after the accident, on the steps of the
State-house, the kind lawyer asked him how
he was getting along. "Badly enough," re-
plied Cogdal, -'I am both broken up in busi-
ness, and crippled. "Then," he added, "I
have been thinking about that note of yours."
Lincoln, who had probably known all about
Cogdal's troubles, and had pi-epared himself
for the meeting, took out his pocket-book, and
saying with a laugh, " Well, you needn't think
any more about it," handed him the note.
Cogdal protesting, Lincoln said, "if j'ou had
the money I would not take it," and hurried
away. At the same date, ho was frankly
writing about his poverty to his friends, as a
reason for not making them a visit, and pro
bably found it no easy task to take care of his
family, even when board at the Globe Tavern
was only "four dollars a week."
This incident brings to remembrance a
similar circumstance recorded in " Lindloy
Murray's Introduction." As the younger gen-
eration of the present day are but little ac
quainted with the book, the anecdote may
here be quoted.
Joseph Rachel, a respectable negro, i
in the Island of Barbadoes, where he kept a
retail store. As he was obliging and honest,
his business prospered. In 1756 a fire hap
pened which burned down a part of the town
in which were houses belonging to a man of
his acquaintance, to whose family he had in
early life been under some obligations. The
man was entirely ruined by the losses occa
sioned by the fire.
Joseph had his bond for sixty pounds sterl-
ing. " Unfortunate man," said he, -'this debt
shall never come against thee. I sincerely
wish thou could'st settle all thy other affairs
as easily! But how am I sure that I shall
keep in this mind? May not the love of gain,
especially when, by length of time, thy mis-
fortune shall become f.miiliar to mo, return
with too strong a current, and bear down my
fellow-feeling before it? But for this I have
[■emedy. Never shalt thou apply for the
assistance of any friend against my avarice."
He arose, ordered a large account that the
man had with him to be drawn out: and in a
whim that might have called up a smile on
the face of charity, filled his pipe, sat down
again, twisted the bond, and lighted his pipe
with it. While the account was drawing out,
he continued smoking in a state of mind that
a monarch might envy. When it wasfinished,
he went in search of his friend, with the dis-
charged account, and the mutilated bond in
his hand. These he presented to him with
the assurance that he was overpaid in the
satisfaction ho felt from having done what he
believed to be his duly.
Many interesting anecdotes are related of
the benevolence of " Billy Bray," the Cornish
miner. He says: " At one time I had been
at work the whole of the month, but had no
wages to take up when pay-day came; and
as we had no bread in the house, 'Joey' ad-
vised me to go up and ask the 'captain' to
lend me a few shillings, which I did, and he
let me have ten shillings. On my way home
I called to see a family, and found they were
worse off than myself; for though wo had no
bread, we had bacon and potatoes, but they
had neither. So I gave them five shillings,
and went towards home. Then I called on
another family, and found them, if possible,
in greater distress than the former. I thought
I could not give them less than I had <j;\ ii
the others; so I gave them the other five sjl
lings, and went homo. And Joey said — ,
'• ' Well, AVilliam, have you seen the (i
tain ?'
"'Yes.' {
" ' Did you ask him for any money ?' ,
" ' Yes ; he let me have ten shillings.' j
" ' Where is it ?'
" ' I have given it away.'
" ' I never saw the fellow to j'OU in my 1
You are enough to try any one.' .
"' The Lord isn't going to stay in my d,
very long,' and I then went out. For tw(
three days after this, Joey was mighty dou
but about the middle of the week, when I ca
homo from the mine, Joey was looking raigl
smiling, so I thought there was something i
Presently Joey said —
" ' Mrs. So-and-so has been here to-dav.'
"'Ohi'
" ' And she gave me a sovereign.'
" ' There, I told you the Lord wasn't goi
to stay in my debt very long ; therrf 's the i
shillings, and ten shillings interest.' "
To the Senate and House of Representntivet
the State of Pennsylvania, now sitting
Harrisburg.
The Memorial of the Representatives of 1
religious Society of Friends in said St;
respectfully showeth :
That your memorialists have long bi
deeply impressed with the deplorable ev
arising from the common use of intoxicati
drinks by large numbers of our fellow citize
and the awful responsibility resting on c
Government in permitting theirsale withsu
ineffectual restrictions as the laws of our Co
monwealth impose.
Under a renewed sense of the magnitude
these evils, the fearful inroads they are C(
tinually making on the welfare and comf
of individuals and families, also on the b'
nterests of the whole Stale, we bjliove it
be our Christian duly to bring the subject
fore you at the present time for your serio
consideration, in the hope that you will be
duced to give it the examination iis impo
ance demands, and see how far you may
esponsible, as legislators, for the support a
extension of this desolating vice.
The experienoe of the past has fully prov\
that it is incompatible with the public wolfa
to permit into.xicating drinks to be sold
small measure in public houses and drank
their premises. Surround the license for su
business with all the restraints the law m
mpose or ingenuity invent, many of those «
gaged in it will still evade or defy them, a
continue to render their saloons centres
corruption in the community where th
exist. We ther'efore earnestly request th
all laws authorizing such sale and drinki
may be repealed, and that proper enactmer
be passed to prohibit them. It is not with
• province to prescribe the proper course
pursued, but we desire to press upon yo
attention the well-known fact, that where
)f intoxicating drinks — for other th
medical or mechanical purposes — has be
forbidden, either by State laws or by the vol
of a majority of the citizens of towns, cou
ties or townships, changes for the bettor ha
quickly followed, ami there has been ind
pulable testimony to the great benefit co
(erred on the inhabitants by such legislatio
The salutary law, enacted by the Legisl
THE FRIEND.
235
reof Pennsj'lvaniaon the27ih of theTbird acknowledge, is intemperance. The policj-
onth, 1872, on the subjeci of prohibilion and
[eal option, was of this character. Under
k autliority more than half the counties in
annsylvania rid themselves of the legalized
affic in strong drink, with most beneficial
suits to the morals and peace of the people.
0 sufficient reason, so far as we knpw, has
!en assigned for the repeal of that law.
The present license laws of Pennsylvania
e noloi'iouslj' discriminative and unfair
fainst Philadelphia, in that they deny to
lat city the safeguards against an unlimited
imber of drinking places, which the enact-
ents governing the other counties, in mea-
ire, afford. In the countrydistricts a license
' sell intoxicating drinks cannot be obtained,
:cept through the Judges of the County
curt and upon the concurrent petition of
velve reputable men of the neighborhood,
ho must aver that such a house is necessary
■r the public accommodation ; that the ap-
icant is of good repute for honesty and tem-
srance, and has sufficient accommodation;*
ir travellt-rs and lodgers. To this applica-
on all other persons may object b3''remon-
,rance or petition, and ihey are to be heard
y the court, which is to decide the case on
8 merits, in the discretion of the judges.
Philadelphia had the protection of these,
I- nearly similar rules, until the j-ear 1858,
■hen the authority to license " drinking sa
ions" was delegated to the City Commis-
oners, without requiring the concurrence or
onsent of any of the citizens in the neighbor-
ood where the saloon was to be locateit, and
nthont public noiice given, as theretofore
squired, and no obligation being imposed on
he applicant to prove his ability to entei
r lodge the public who might require such
ecommodation.
The pernicious effects of thus sweeping
way the wholesome restraints previously
xisting were soon manifested in a great in-
reaso of liquor saloons and tippling shops in
hat ciiy, so that now there are four thousand
even hundred and fifteen (4715) licensed
rinking places within its precints. In some
treets there are from five to eight such places
a a single square, and intemperance has in-
reased to a frightful degree, as is evinced bj-
he statistics of crime and pauperism in Phila-
elphia, to which we would call your atten-
ion.
It has been computed from the information
urnished by the last census that the people
if the United Slates expend annually six bun-
ired millions (600,000,000) of dollars forstrong
irink. Ofthisenormous waste Pennsylvania's
hare wa» sevent3'-eight millions (78,000,000)
if dollars, expended for liquor, dealt out to
ler citizens at over thirteen thousand (13,000)
icensed taverns.
There were, in 1870, nearly sixteen thou-
and (16,000) paupers supported by the State,
ind three thousand two hundred (3200) con-
'icts for crime, three-fourths of whom, the
owest estimates show, were brought into that
iondition by intemperance. In the year 1867
•here were thirteen thousand nine hundred
md thirty (13,930) persons committed to
)rison in the city of Philadelphia for drunken-
less, who were unable to pay their fines, and
tvere incarcerated and supported at the ex-
jense of the city.
The Report of the Board of State Charities
■or 1871 says: "The most prolific source of
iiseaso, poverty and crime, observing men wi
of giving license to certain parties to open
taverns where intoxicating liquor may be par-
taken of and gatherings may bo accommo-
dated for their indulgence is now in vogue."
' It would be difficult to name any
practical good which results from thissj'Stem,
unless it be that it furnishes a certain amount
revenue." * * * " What economist can
fail to discern, without any elaborate calcula-
tion, that the State is impoverished by the
whole transaction ? There is received into
the public coffers a small tribute, and the con-
sequence-is that there is lost from the Com-
monwealth the productive labor of thousands,
who waste in the licensed haunts of intemper-
ance both the ability to add to her wealth
and the accumulations of former thrift."
Judge Allison, in alluding to intemperance
as a cause of crime, says; "There arc few
people who see the practical evil as we see it
in the criminal courts of this city. There we
can trace four-fifths of the crimes that an
committed to the influence of rum."
The grand juries of the several courts in the
Slate make these facts the frequent subject of
their notice when presenting the more glar-
ing causes of pauperism, crime and outrages
upon the peace and well-being of the citizens
the^' represent; while the courts themselves,
through mostof the causes tried before them
keep the debasing and destructive fruits of
this vice— 8:inctioned by law — continuously
before the public eye.
We have no selfish or political motive in
thus addressing you. Our desire is, as pro-
fessors of the gospel of our Lord and Saviour
Jesus Christ, and as sincere lovers of the State
of which we are citizens, to express our ab
horrenee of the sin of drunkenness, and of a
professedly Christian Government allowing
the powerful temptation thereto to be so uni-
versally and constantly presented to the weak
and unwary, thus often betraying them into
guilt and death. Our voice is, therefore, thus
raised against the legal sanction given to this
prolificsourceof misery and crime, and against
allowing the great body of the people to re-
main helpless to protect themselves from the
evances and unjust burdens irajjosed upon
Ihem by the vendors and partakers of intoxi-
cating beverages.
The Holy Scriptures declare — " He that
ruleth over men must be just, ruling in tin
fear of God." And the Apostle James ad
monishes that — "To him thatknoweth to do
good and doeth it not, to him it is sin." May
He in whom are hid all the treasures of wis-
dom and knowledge so influence yourdelibera-
tions and conclusions, that laws may be en-
acted to secure the removal of the evils we
complain of, so that the best interests of the
Commonwealth may be promoted, and the
blessing of Divine Providence rest on you
labors. Charles J. Allen,
Clerk for the day.
Signed by direction and on behalf of a meeting of the
said Representatives, held in Philadelpfiia, 2d mo.
17th, 1879.
Land Transfers in Ancient Babylon. — W.
St. C. Boscawen has discovered among the
contract tablets in the British Museum two
documents of great interest to geometricians.
Attached to two terra-cotla tablets con-
taining deeds of sale of estates near Babylon
W. Boscawen found two neatly drawn plans
of the estates in question. The first of these
3d relating to the sale of some land
which took place toward the latter end of the
eign of Nebuchainezzar. It represents an
state of about eight and one-half acres in
area, and bounded on the northern side by
the canal of the goddess of Banitao. The
names of the owners of all the adjacent lands
are given, and the greatest care is taken in
giving the dimensions of these plots of land.
The whole is divided into three pairs of par-
allelograms, and check dimensions are taken
to test the accuracy of the work. A semi-
circular portion on the east side is most care-
fully measured, both radius and circumference
being given. The second plan is unfortunately
in a mutilated condition, but the remaining
portions show the same care and neatness as
is found in the perfect one. The deed of sale
in this second document is written on the re-
verse of the tablet, and is dated in the reign
of Darius H3'8laspes. The value of these
documents as bases by which to fix both the
lunar and area measures in use in Babylonia is
very great. Both these documents form por-
tions of the now well-known series of theEjibi
tablets. W. Boscawen hopes shortly to pub-
lish these documents, accompanied by fac-
similes of the plans and translations of the
deeds relating to ihetn. — London. Athemvum.
For "The Friend."
Thoughts and Feelings.
REPENTANCE.
The testimon}- of the Apostle Paul respect-
ng our blessed Lord in connection with the
subject of our present essay, is very strong,
viz: "Him hath God exalted with his right
hand to be a Prince and a Saviour, for to give
repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins."
And again Luke writes: "Thus it behooved
Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the
third day ; and that repentance and remission
of sins should be preached in His name among
all nations," &c. Then while without repent-
ance there is no salvation ; because "God now
commandeth all men every where to repent,"
yet at the same time the precious olive branch
is extended to us in the assurance that " the
goodness of God leadeth to repentance." And
also in the exhortation, "Eepent ye, there-
fore, and be converted, that your sins may be
blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall
come from the presence of the Lord," &c.
Now true repentance involves godly sorrow
for sin. " For," as is written, " godly sorrow
worketh repentance to salvation not to be re-
pented of," &c. No one can be engrafted into
Christ, the good olive tree, until cut out of the
wild olive tree ; or, in other words, cannot be
united to Him till divorced from His enem}',
which is sin. Here then is work for repent-
ance. And to be brought to see and to be-
come deeply sensible of our sins and trans-
gressions, and at the same time to be humbled
and eontrited in spirit before the otnniscient
Holy One on account thereof, is evangelical
repentance. But let none mistake the coun-
terfeit for the true. The apostle has, in his
epistle to the Corinthian church, set forth
some of the fruits of this heart-changing re-
pentance in thescrong characters: — "That ye
sorrowed after a godly sort, what carefulness
it wrought in you, yea, what clearing of your-
selves, yea, what indignation, j'ca, what fear,
yea, what vehement desire, yea, what zeal,
yea, what revenge! In alt things ye have
approved yourselves to be clear in this mat-
ter."
23G
THE FRIEND.
It is recorded of Eaaii, that " He found no
place of repentance, though he sought it care-
fully with tears." Again, the angel to the
churches was commissioned to say to that of
Ephesus : " Remember therefore from whence
thou ait fallen ; and repent, and do the first
works; or else I will come unto thee quiclfly,
and will remove thy candlestick out of his
place, except thou repent." Though "the
Saviour is exalted to give repentance," &c.,
yet there is a state which through disobedi-
ence to the voice of the Lord, and rebellion
against His will, in which our condition either
beronies imminent, or "there remaineth no
more sacrifice for sins, but, instead thereof, a
certain fearful looking for of judgment and
fiery indignation, which shall devour the ad-
versaries." This state is dreadful; and per-
haps more than all things to be avoided on
this side the judgment to come. But after
such marvellous condescension, such goodness,
and mercy, and loving kindness has so long
followed us ; after the wooings, the warnings,
the pleadings, ihe invitations, both imme-
diately and instrumentally, of the grace of
God to re])ent and to bring forth fruit meet for
repentance, is it the terms of "an austere man"
— the ignominious language of the abuser of
the one talent in the parable of the Saviour —
for a Gdd of justice to become as " a consum-
ing fire" to such as "turn away from Him
that speaketh from heaven ;" saying, either
in word or by act, " We will not have this
man to reign over us?" Nay, verily. We
must reap what we sow. "He that sowoth
to his flesh, shall of the flesh reap corruption ;
but he that soweth to the Spirit, shall of the
Spirit reap life everlasting." " Righteousness
and judgment" are represented to be "the
habitation of the throne" of the Eternal one.
"The Lord will judge his people." And we
are assured that there is a possibility of so re-
sisting the power and the government of the
Saviour in our hearts, of so striving against
His grace, which when yielded to, and co
operated with brings salvation, as that the
Spirit ceaseth longer to strive; and that sor-
rowful condition comes to be experienced :
" Ye have lived in pleasure on the earth, and
been wanton." " Ye have condemned and
killed the just; and he doth not resist you."
"The harvest is past, the summer is ended,
and vve are not saved."
But oh ! let us hope for better things. Let
us in consideration of what the Suviour has
done for us without us and is wailing and
willing to do for us within us — let ua in view
of the greatohject of this responsible life, with
the uncertaint}^ of its continuance — let us
with grateful remembrance and in due appre-
ciation of all the benefits, the privileges, and
mercies conferred, in that the Redeemer is
exalted to give repentance, and that we have
such "a High Priest over the house of God"
— "let us draw near with a true heart, in full
assurance of faith," Ac, for " The Lord is not
slack concerning his promises as some men
count slackness; but is long-suffering to us-
ward, not willing that any should perish, but
that all should come to repentance." To the
which, by the apostle Peter in the same
epistle, is added : " Be diligent that ye may
be found of Him in peace, without spot and
blameless."
Selected.
THE VOICE FROM GALILEE.
' Of His fulness have all we received, and grace for
Not that which men do worthily but that
" — John i. 10.
I heard the voice of Jesus .say,
Come unto me and rest ;
Lay down, thou weary one, lay down
Thy head upon my breast.
I came to Jesus as I was,
Weary, and worn, and sad,
I found in Him a resting-place.
And He has made me glad.
I heard the voice of Jesus say,
Behold, I freely give
The living water, — ihirsty one.
Stoop down, and drink, and live.
I came to Jesus and I drank
Of that life-giving stream,
My thirst was quenched, my soul revived,
And now I live in Him.
I heard the voice of Jesus say,
I am this dark world's light.
Look unto me, thy morn shall rise
And all thy day be bright.
I looked to Jesus and I found
In Him, my Star, my Sun,
And in that light of life I'll walk
Till travelling days are done.
THE CITY OF OUK GOD.
O city of the jasper wall.
And of the' pearly gate !
For thee, amid the storms of life,
Our weary spirits wait.
We long to walk the streets of gold
No mortal feet have trod ;
We long to worship at the shrine.
The temple of our God.
O home of bliss ! O land of light !
Where falleth neither shade nor blight !
Of every land the brightest, best,
When shall we there find peace and rest ?
O city where they need no light
Of sun, or moon, or star !
Could we with eye of faith but see
How bright thy mansions are,
How soon our doubts would flee away.
How strong our trust would grow.
Until our hearts should lean no more
On trifles here below.
O home of bliss ! O land of light !
Where falleth neither shade nor blight !
Of every land the brightest, best,
Wlien shall we there find peace and rest ?
O city where the shining gates
Shut out all grief and sin,
AVell may we yearn amid earth's strife
Thy holy peace to win.
Yet must we meekly bear the cross.
Nor seek to lay it down
Until our Father brings us home,
And gives the promised crown.
O home of bliss ! O land of light !
Where falleth neither shade nor blight !
Of every land the brightest, best
Soon shall we there find peace and rest !
SelccteJ.
Testimonies to the Way to Salvation.
' Whoever turns from the light of the Son
of God within them, and walks' not in it, goes
nto the error and into the way of perdition
but [he] who walks in the light, stumbles
not, because he sees the Light of this world,
Christ Jesus, the author and finisher of the
faith ; and there is no other Saviour than he
which was, is, and is to come, the Light of
the world; and whoever preaches a Christ to
believe in for salvation, who hath not lighted
every man with the true light, preaches a
false Christ, and not that Christ which the
prophets and John bore witness of, and which
the apostles witnessed. So that this is truth
nor, there is no other Christ Jesus, hui
which lighteth every man that conns
the world with the true light; and c.\
this Christ Jewus is revealed by the Sjiii
the Father within, .-alvation is not recen
by him." — E. Burrough's preface to G. Fo
" Testimony of the True Light of the WorU
11th mo. ist, 1656,
"No man cometh to the glorious Gosp
which is the image of God, but [he] w
cometh to the light which enlightenrth eve
man that cometh into the woild, and no m
receiveth thi' power to become [one of] t
sons of God, but [he] who receiveth the lijj
which cometh from Christ." — Q. Fox's " 'I
timony of the True Light."
"He that believeth not in the Light whi
lighteth every man thnt cometh into
world, believeth not in Christ, but abide
condemnation without the door: for is
the Light the door? and he that doth
come to the Light, doth he come to the doi
the way to the Father? Doth he knoc
that is not come to the Light, for the jKjrt
to open to him, that he may coitie to go
and out, and find pasture and life? Do
any one come to the vine, but who comes
the Light? Doth any bring forth fruit ur
God, but vvho comes to the Light? or ar
one's deeds wrought in God, hut who are
the Light? Is there any justification but t;
Light, or any condemnation but the Ligl:
Do any become the children of Light, b
[those] who believe in it? Do any know ti
Gospel but such who believe in the Ligh
or do any know the Cross of Christ but wl
do believe in the Light? Have not men
hope, and a belief, and profess the Scri|
but do not believe in the Light which lightei
every man that cometh into the world. Hi
by whom it was made, who is tje salvaii(
unto the ends of the earth ? Now is not tht
belief false?" — G. Fox's "Professors' Ca\
chism."
"As you love the light that shows you tl
evil that ever j^ou have done, ye love Chr
and the Light is it which gives the knowledt
of the glory of God in the face of Chris
which shines in the dark heart, and nor
comes to the knowledge of God but by tl
Light which shines in the heart; and th
treasure have we in earthen vessels; that tt
excellency of the power might be of God, ani
not of man: but if you do this Light hat<
3'ou hate Christ and remain stumbling, blinj
and scattered, i-efusing the Corner-8ton(i
whom all the builders stumble at, who an
out of the Light; and none come from sture]
bling to know the words of the Scripture d(i^
clared from the Life, but such aa_own thi
Light. I
" To the Light in j'ou I speak, if you go oj
in your evil deeds and unbelief, not believinj
in the Light, the Light is your condemns,
tion ; hating the Light, you hate Christ, fo!
you do not come to the knowledge of God bu|
by the Light. He that comes to the know!
edge of God knows His Son : now none comei
to the Son, but who owns and comes to thi
Light, which from the Son doth come. Anc
this Light brings to one heart, one mind, on
people, one God, one Mediator betwixt God
nd man ; and this Light unites and bringi
ew and Gentile together; and he that be:
lieves not in the Light, doth not believe it|
God who is light, nor know His Son, wh<
which they do successfully, is what history Ifrom the Lord God, there is no other namel enlighteneth every man that cometh into th
makes haste to record. 'given for salvation, but the name "" v... ,. _ __ _
of Jesus :
Id."— Gt. Fo.i
Visitation to the Jews."
THE FRIEND.
237
Fur "Tlie Friend."
Capital Piiiiislimcnt,
'he recent execution of a crimiual in Cam-
, New Jt'rse}^ by senteni-e of a court of
ice, under circumstances of a revollini;
renter, has again we trust drawn public
■ntioii to the barbarity of this method of
ishment, and its inherent inability to ac-
iplish the objects which should ever be
t in view in the administration of Justice,
: the reformation of the oft'eoder and the
srririgofothei-sfrom like offences. Famili-
y with crime begets crime, and the effect
n the community, of events such :i8 ihat
which we have alluded, we believe is to
den the convictions of individuals in re-
d to the sacredness of human life and the
Illness of death, to lower the standard of
ralitj', and thus to pave the way for the
imission of other deeds of violence and
th.
he principles upon which capital punish-
Dt is justified we believe are not in accord
with the prei-epts of the religion of
rist, and in elucidation of this view the
owing extracts from "Rem irks on Capi-
Punishment," originally published in the
centh volume of this journal, are again
ired for publication in "The Friend."
One of the most striking pei-uliarities by
ich the Christian religion is distinguished
ra all the systems of polic}- or morals which
76 ever been devised by the wisdom of man,
;t8 restorative character. The Founder of
Iristiaiiity was stigmatized as the friend of
olicans and sinners, by the exclusive re-
ionists of his day. His own declaration was
vt ho came not to deairoy men's lives, but
save them. The great object of his mis-
n on the earth was to seek and to save that
lieh was lost. And in whatever proportion
! piiiici])bs of Christianity become inter-
ven into the policy of nations, in the same
)portion do the laws, and the administration
them, partake of the mild and beneficent
iraeier of its founder. As Chri-tianity
ches us to regard the interests of a future
te as the primary object of attention in re-
ion to ourselves, so it leads us to be pai--
ularly tender of the eternal interests of
lers. Hence the direct operation of this
igion is to counteract that exclusive and
terminating policy which so conspicuouslj'
rks the penal codes of unchristianized and
ui-barbarous communities."
'The progress of improvement in the sei-
zes and arts, since the commencement of
! pre-ent century, indicates a rapid march
intellect. The melioration of our penal
le is one of the numerous indications of
ellectual advancement which the passing
) has furnished. But we have not attained
1 acme of perfection while the punishment
ieaih retains a place in our system — wher-
!r this penalty is affixed to any crime, thej
torative character of our religion is cer-
aly disregarded. We still adhere, in that
e, to the exterminating policy of barbarous
!8. We, in fact, wage a war of annihila-
n upon a part of our race. If we compare
s part of our policy with the precepts of
I gospel, with the mild and benevolent
iracter of its founder, and with the spirit
ich it breathes, we can scarcely find a
gle point of resemblance between them. If
attempt to defend the existing practice
Dn scriptural grounds, we are compelled at
;e to seek our authorities from other source'
than the precepts or practice of our Saviour
We are driven to the i-anguinar}^ code of a
former and avowedly imperfect dispensation.
Is not this fact an evidence that the doctrine
to be supported does not belong to the re-
ligion of Christ? And when we attempt to
defend this part of our system, by arguments
derived excla.-ively from the Old Testament,
do we not implicitly admit that it is incapable
of defence upon Christian principles? What
then are the grounds upon which the system
is to be defended ? Not certainly on the au-
thority of the Mosaic law, unless it can be
shown that we are bound to keep the whole
law, or that there is something in the law
itself which binds us to the observance of
one part and exonerates us from another. By
the laws of Moses the murderer was required
to be put to death; but murder did not stand
alone, it was but one in the list of capital
offences ; a transgression of either of the first
seven commands of the decalogue was punish-
able with death. The Israelites had no dis-
cretionary authoritj' in the case; the law was
absolute. But among us several of these capi-
tal offences are scarcely treated as crimes. [
If we are authorized by the precepts of Scrip- {
turo to punish murder with deatli, and re- j
mit or diminish the penalt}^ upon the other
six ca|iital crimes of the decalogue, we must
derive the authoi-ity from some other source
than the Mosaic law. It will perhaps bo said
that murder is a more heinous offence than
either of the other crimes enumerated in the
decalogue. The question, however, is not what
is the turpitude of the offence, but what is the
authority to punish it oi-any other with death?
This I presume must be found in the Mosaic
law, or not found at all, in the character of |
an injunction. As we have remitted the
penaltj- in six cases out of seven, we have
sufficiently declared our sense that we are not
subject to the laws of Moses. Our authority
is therefore an assumed one, founded neither
upon the precepts of the Jewish nor Chris ,
tian Scriptures, but upon the usages of our
ancestors, whose maxims we have, in numer-j
ous cases, entirely discarded. !
" If the practice of punishing criminals, of,
ever}' description, with death, is totally irre-j
concilable with the restorative policy of the
gospel, we may st-riously ask why is it con- 1
tinued? Do we admit the truth and divine'
authority of the Christian religion, and yet|
fear to trust it in practice? Do we consider
the Christian system us an elegant theory, to
be preached up one day in seven, and dis-
carded and despised during the other six?
Or do we suppose that its precepts are to be
regarded in ordinary cases, and overlooked
upon extraordinary ones ? Whatever the ad-
vocates for expediencj- may say, I fearlessly
announce the belief, that the principles of
Christianity are suited to the nature of man,
and that every measure which is opposed to
those principles will be found eventually im-
politic,"
" The notion that the execution of criminals
operates as a preventive of crimes, seems toi
be generally abandoned ; at least we are led'
to that conclusion by the legislation respect-
ing it. For public executions are now pro-
hibited in some of the States. In our own
State they are effected in private. This change
removes one of the objections to capital pun-
ishments. They are no longer permitted to
brutalize the public mind. But the supposed
advantage of their example is in great mea-
sure lost. Still the great and radical objec-
tion remains untouched. The punishment is
vindictive, not restorative. It is the growth
of barbarism, not of civilization or Chris-
tianity."
(To be concluded.)
The Dusty Bible.
A worthy Christian mother was \e''t a
widow, in the city of Oxford, with only one
son. She labored hard to support him and
herself; and at last got him apprenticed to a
carpentir. He learned his trade ; and hav-
ing passed through his apprenticeship, was
able, as a journeyman, to gain bread for him-
self and his mother. She had diligently
"sought first the kingdom of God, and His
righteousness," both for herself and her son ;
and God had, according to His promise,, add* d
the necessary things of this life; but i.t did
not seem to be His pleasure to add also the
things of the life to come for her boy. He
grew up a civil lad, but very much like other
lads in the world. There was nothing to
comfort the widowed mother with the hope
that ''old things had passed away, and all
things had become new," in his heart. While
lie was a hoy he did as he was bidden ; ho
read the chapter in the Bible every evening,
iiS he was told; but to the anxious and ob-
serving attention of the mother, there were
no marks of spiritual lif". The mother sighed
and praj'ed ; and from time to time went into
her chamber and wept, and prayed again ;
and used all the means her heart could suggest
to show her dear boy his need of Christ." Yet
still there were no signs of life, such as she
longed for.
Andrew's mother made many attempts to
awaken her son from his dreams of worldly
pleasure and Corgetfulness of God. At first
the}' were received by him kindly, then cold-
ly', then angrily; and at last the subject was
so painful that it was seldom alluded to, and
it seemed, as far as Andrew was concerned,
to be forgotton. The mother determined to
make one more appeal to his heart. She
chose his birlh-dH}', when he c:ime to the age
of twentj--one. She had deprived herself of
many little comforts, and had laid by a small
sura, with which she bought a very nice, well-
bound, convenient Bible, and on the morning
of the day he came of age, when she got his
breakfast, before he went to his work, she
blessed him, and poured out all the fondness
of an affectionate mother's heart, while she
made him a present of this Bible. After
tenderly warning him of his s|)iritual danger,
she earnestly begged of him one special favor,
which was, that he would promise her to
read a portion of that holy book, if it were
ever so little, once in the course of each day.
She pressed this upon him, as the special de-
sire of his only parent.
Andrew received her present very kindly,
thanked her with some warmth, as-ured her
of his affection and gratitude, said he would
certainly behave better than he had done, for
the future ; and at last, upon her repeated re-
quest, he made the promise she desired him.
The mother had not done all this without
prayer; and she retired to her room, and
spread her case before the throne of grace,
with earnest jietitions that, for Christ's sake,
God would bless this last attempt to bring
him under means that might be blessed by
the power of the Holy Spirit.
The mother felt that it would be wise to
238
THE FRIEND.
leave the inatler where she hud placed it
and that it might be a snare to him if sh
troubled him with questions as to whether
he performed the promise ; but it was the
one object of her heart, and she could not rest
without some means of finding out whether
ho read the Bible every da}'. She lived with
her son in a small tenement, which consisted
of a kitchen and a wash-house below, and two
decent bedrooms above. When she went to
his bedroom, she found that he had laid the
Bible u]ion the little manile piece, which was
opposite the door; and finding, day after day,
when she went to arrange his room, that it
remained in the same place, she bethought
her of a means by which she might krjow
whether it was ever used. She was a cleanlj^,
tidy person, and known among her neighbors
for the neatness of her house. It was her
custom, very frequently to sweep the bed-
rooms, and she determined alwaj'S to leave
the Bible on the mantel shelf, without letting
her duster or brush come near. In conse-
quence of this, her very diligence in cleansing
overj' other part of the room, made the more
dust to fiill upon this neglected shelf; and
she was thereby enabled to see if at any time
the Bible had been removed from its place.
Week after week passed, and month after
month. When she went each morning into
her son's room, as her an.xious eye fell upon
the Bible, she too plainly savv that no finger
had been laid upon it. Her heart sickened,
but she lifted it up to the throne of grace.
"Merciful Father, for Christ's sake, give the
Holy Spirit to turn the heart of mj' child,
that he perish not with the world that lieth
in wickedness!" Oh, how often did such a
prayer as this burst from her heart ! Though
the only language by which it was expressed
was the silent trickling down of her tears, yet
God heard that voice. (Psalm Ivi. 8.) He
did not, however, seem to hear the voice of
this widow's weeping, for her son only grew
more settled in his worldly course, and show-
ed less attention to the feelings of his poor
mother.
The mother had a tender heart — loving by
nature, softened by grace. She could not
bear the continual agony of hopeless alarm
for the eternal condition of one so dear to her.
Affliction, while it ripened her spirit, had
undermined her strength of mind and body,
and this heavj' burden broke it at last. She
pined even while she praj'eJ ; her heart de-
clined. Andrew was sorry, for he soon found
his mother's illness very inconvenient, and
expensive, too. A heart that gives itself to
worldly pleasures empties itself of the feelings
of its best aftections, and settles into a mass
of selfishness.
Andrew was very fond of music, and was
a great man among all the club bands in
the neighborhood. There happened to be a
great fair held, about twenty miles from
Oxford, where several j'oung men were en-
gaged, and Andrew was invited to join the
party. To be sure his mother was very ill
indeed — even dying — but she would live, no
doubt, till he returned. Not to distress his
mother, ho did not bid her good bye when
he set out. The indulgence in his worldly
amusements had deadened all the feeling
which would have made him think much of
such a neglect, and it led him to think so
much of the musical pariy, that it seemed to
be of the greatest importance to be there.
Ho had not been gone many hours before
his poor mother's trial of heart was over.
She had been left bj' the attendant woman
after breakfast, rather better, apparently.
The doors were placed open as usual, and the
woman went to wash for her own family.
When she returned she found but a corpse.
The spirit had left the poor painful clay —
the eyes were turned toward the dusty Bible,
but they were glazed and lifeless — the broken
heart beat no more. The mother had passed
through the furnace, purified seven times in
the fire; she was saiely gone to the "far
more exceeding and eternal weight of glory."
The neighbors showed great feeling; every-
thing was done in proper order; the coffin
was made, the funeral prepared ; and very
likely they felt that it would only be what
Andrew deserved if he had the shame of find-
ing that, when he returned, strangers had
shown more respect for his motlier than he
had, in leaving her in her dying state, to seek
his own pleasure.
Three days passed, and the funeral was to
take place in the evening, when Andrew ar-
i-ived. It struck a blow at his heart to find
that his mother was dead and about to be
buried. He prejKired himself for the funeral,
and followed the coffin to the grave. The
earth was committed to the earth, ashes to
ushes. There were still no signs of feeling in
him — he said nothing. Ho looked iato the
grave when the service was over; the neigh-
bors did so also; there seemed no difference,
and a stranger could not have said which
was the orphan.
Andrew walked home; and upon entering
the house, he went straight to his bedroom.
He sat down on his bedside, and remained
some time in the same bewildered and be-
numbed state of feeling. At length his eyes
fell upon the Bible on the mantel-shelf, which
had lain so long untouched. Its dusty con-
dition brought to his mind the thought how
completely it had been neglected ; and then
came the recollection of his mother's birthday
gift, and birthday advice, and birthday bless-
ing; and then his promise to read it every
day rushed into his mind ; and then its thick
coat of dust, which proved that the promise
had been broken every day, spoke to his con-
science at last, to raise up an agony of shame.
It burst the chains that had bouud up his
feelings, and produced a flood of tears, heart-
felt and bitter.
After waiting for some time, Andrew walk-
ed to the shelf, took up the dusty Bible, and
opened it for the first lime since he had re-
ceived it, with such marks of tender afl:ection,
from his departed mother. The pages divided
at the third chapter of John's Gospel, and the
part that caught his eye was the sixteenth
verse. He read that and the two following
verses. His heart was pierced efl'ectually.
His mother's prayers had been heard from
the beginning, even while she was speaking.
God's own good time did not arrive till she
was ripened, and being ready, was gathered
into His garner.
The circumstances here recorded are true.
"The Dusty Bible" is no imagined incident,
and is one illustration out of thousands which
show the dealings of God in bringing His
people out of the world, and in training them
for heaven. Christian mothers ! do not grow
wearj^, nor faint in your mind ; but lift up
the hands that hang down, and strengthen
the feeble knees. It is heart breaking to
watch a worldly child ; but coaso not to say.
" Though He slay me, yet will I trust
Him." Continue in faithful and earr
prayer, and leave the answer to God's t
good time. — Mothers' Treasury.
Diphtheria. — Ravages of the Disease in .
rope. — Diphtheria has always played ha
in Great Britain ; but hitherto more attenl
has been paid to it than to scarlet fever or i
other acute disease. The death of the Pi
cess Alice has excited general alarm. N
that a daughter of the queen has been earr
away by it the disease is being investigat
The papers are full of popular essays and
ters on the subject, some of which are
without interest for American readers. ]
example :
Diphtheria is essentially an inflammati
action of the mucous membrane ofthethr
back of the neck, and windpipe, excited
a parasitic organism. Its most remarkt
characteristic is an exudation from these m
branes of an adhesive character, so that tl
become coated with a layer of tenaciou
terial resembling a very thin shaving of c
mois leather, whence the name "diphtlier
— the "leather disease." This membr;
blocks up the entrance to the windpipe t
causes suffocation — the most immediat
threatening feature of the malad}'. If, he
ever, the danger of suffocation is eseap
there will supervene a specific nervous aft
tion of a paralytic character, which arte
the organs of speech and the neighbor!
parts, accompanied by the most utter piost
tion of the general system. These lat
characteristics distinguish diphtheria fron
much more common yet less dangerous c
ease, namelj', croup. It is, moreover, of
ills to which flesh is heir the most insidio
and has suspicious relations with scarlet fev
The question which has been so often asl
as regards the cause or causes to which it
be referred seems likel}' to receive an ans
from the case of the Princess Alice. Tl
lady resided occasionally in the old mediic"
palace of the Grand Duke of Hesse, in t
lower ])art of the town of Darmstadt, in p
ference to the new palace built for her h
band, the present grand duke. This vene
ble structure is honeycombed with drains, a
the most common cause of diphtheria
influence of the air on sewage products. T
remedy which has been found most eft'ecti
in England is sulphurous acid, a specific wh
must not be confused with sulphuric acid
e., oil of vitriol. If the patient inhales
phurous acid constantly, and applies it to t
membrane with a spraj', the chances of
covery are almost certain, and whenever ti
specific has failed the result has been obtain
by a neglect of using it with sufficient fi
quency. The effect produced is the destrt
tion of the parasitic germ. — Phila. Inquirer
Friends, this rests upon my spirit, to testi
that none can enjoy true blessedness, ai
spiritual consolation to their souls, furlh
than they have a testimony in themselv
that they walk in the precious everlastii;
Light that now shineth. To this Light o
mintls were, at first, turned, in which G(
dwells, and in which the worship in spirit ai!
in truth is learned and performed, in this a;
as in ages past. The way is, and hath bei
throughout all generations — one: and it is
]ilain pathway; the waj'faring man, though
i'ool, cannot orr therein. 'i
THE FRIEND.
239
[n this Light many are now witnesses that
d loved ihem, even while sinners; and that,
the daj-s of their darkness and ignorance,
! waited upon them, to show himself gra-
us; though then they had no faith in him,
esteem for him, neither could ihey seeanj'-
neliness in him, " his visage being more
irred than any man's." Thus He appeared,
the light shined out of the darkness, and
7e the knowledge of his glory; which as
ly walked in, they became living witnesses
his power and salvation, redemption, and
nslation from darkness and the power of
;an, to the marvellous Light and power of
d; out of the corrupt nature and degrada-
n, into the pure divine nature and regenera-
0 ; and so became plants and trees of right-
isness, bearing fruit unto God, and giving
n the glory and praise of all his works, who
ne is worthy throughout all generations,
ever. — Willium Shewen.
For "The Friend."
le Watch Towfr, or The Plafe of Safely for the
Newly Convinced.
And you, young convinced ones, be you
[treated and exhorted to a diligent and
aste wailing upon God, in the way of his
^ssed manifestation and appearance of him-
,f to you. Look not out, but within, let not
Other's liberty be your snare: neither act
.imitation, but by sense and feeling of God's
,wer in yourselves: crush not the tender
ddings of it in your souls, nor overrun, in
ur desires and warmness of affections, the
fy and gentle motions of it. liemember it
a stUl voice that speaks to us in this day,
fl that it is not to be heard in the noises
d hurries of the mind ; but is distinctly un-
fstood in a retired frame. Jesus loved and
ose solitudes, often going to mountains,
rdens, and sea-sides, to avoid crowds and
rries: to show his disciples it was g.^od to
solitary, and sit loose to the world. Two
etnies lie near your states, — imagination
d liberty; but the plain, practical, living,
ly Truth, that has convinced you, will pre-
•ve j'ou, if you mind it in yourselves, and
ing all thoughts, inclinations, and affec-
ns, to the test of it, to see if they are
•ought in God, or of the enemj-, or of j-our
'n selves : so will a true taste, discerning,
d judgment, be preserved to you, of what
u should do and leave undone. And in
ur diligence and faithfulness in this way,
u will come to inherit substance; and
rist, the eternal Wisdom, will fill your
lasury. And when you are converted, as
ill as convinced, then conQrm your brethren,
d be ready to every good word and work
it the Lord shall call you to : that you may
to His praise, who has chosen you to be
rtakers, with the saints in light, of a king-
m that cannot be shaken, an inheritance
;orruptible in eternal habitations." — From
nn's " Rise and Progress" — 160i.
Whilst perusing the foregoing affectionate
treaty and counsel of William Penn, to the
'oung convinced ones," where, among other
ngs, he exhorts them to "remember it is a
U voice that speaks to us in this day, and
It it is not to be heard in the noises and
rries of the mind ; but is distinctly under-
lod in a retired frame," earnest cravings
Dse in the heart of the writer to know more
this true inward quietness ; and lor the safe
Dservation of all the ' members of our re-
ious Society upon the only sure Founda-
tion, Christ, the Eock. That we might all
know our spiritual building to be laid there-
upon, because of the winds and storms which
at times threaten, and which must, sooner or
later, lay vvaste every habitation that has been
erected upon anything short of the true Foun-
dation. But most especially have the yearn-
ings been felt to extend toward those who are
in the middle and younger walks of life; that
the}- might be made willing to yield their
hearts unto Him who is calling for them ;
then would He prepare and fit them to take
the places in the ranks of the Lamb's army
which are left vacant, as one by one those
who have stood as valiants in their day for
^he cause of righteousness, and for the pro-
motion of the Truth as it is i n Jesus, are called
from the church militant to the church tri-
umphant.
In what direction are we to look for a suc-
cession of armor-bearers, unless it be from
among the class alluded to, the middle aged
and the young? In taking a close view of
our surroundings, regarding the portion of
the "heritage" in which we are placed, where-
in there is great need for true dedication of
heart, and faithfulness, are we not constantly
reminded of our great weakness? and ready
to adopt the language of the apostle, " Who
is sufficient for these things ?" and will it not
tend to the furtherance both of and in the
good cause, as wo individually feel our own
weakness, to bear in mind that our sufficiency
is not of ourselves, but that "our suflBcienc}^
is of God." And for our encouragement let
us not lose sight of the promise of the Most
High through the mouth of the prophet Jere-
miah, "And ye shall seek me and find me,
when ye shall search for me with all your
heart;" for He will prove himself to be the
helper of the helpless.
None can enlist in this army, or go fn-th
beneath the royal banner, unless they have
been brought under the guidance and direc-
tion of their Divine Leader, " the Captain of
their salvation," by and through that self
subduing, creating and creative power of Him
who sitteth as King of kings, and Lord of
lords, by whom alone the will of man is laid
low in order that ho may be brought under
His righteous rule and government. Such
as these will become lo3-al soldiers, willing
servants, ever ready to follow their Divine
Leader, always endeavoring to be obedient to
His commands.
They may ofttimes be persecuted ; but as
they remain faithful, they will not be forsaken ;
they may be cast down ; but they will not be
destroyed ; troubled, yet not distressed ; per-
plexed, but not in despair; for strength will
be given them, and grace extended in every
time of need, as their petitions are put up
unto the Lord for help, and in true sincerity
of heart they are earnestly striving to walk
acceptably in the Divine sight. These will
learn to know for themselves, as said the
apostle, "All things are for your sakes, that
the abundant grace might, throui;h the thanks-
giving of many, redound to the glory of God."
It will therefore be the faithful and tried
soldier in this spiritual warfare, who has fol-
lowed close beside his Captain, feeling Him
to be near as the battle waxed hot, and
strengthening him to ]iress forward through
eveiy barrier, that will bo found forvvarding
the cause of Truth which he had espoused,
and who will, when his warfare upon earth
shall have been accomplished, be ready to
adopt the language of the eminent apostle :
"I have fought a good fight, I have finished
my course, I have kept the faith ; henceforth
there is laid up for me a crown of righteous-
ness, which the Lord, the righteous judge,
shall give mo at that day ; and not to me only
but unto all them also tnat love His appear-
THE FRIEND.
THIRD MONTH 8, 1879.
In reading the accounts of persecution and
trial sustained by faithful Friends in the early
days of the Society, we often fail to form a
correct estimate of the amount of physical
suffering very many of them must have en-
dured, and how much that was aggravated
by the provocations and indignities heaped
upon them by malignant tormentors, who
took delight in treating them according to
the prompting of their own evil passions;
knowing that no protection or redress would
be granted them.
What but a sense of the everpresent help
of the Master they were serving, could have
enabled them to endure their sufferings? what
but being clothed with a measure of his meek
and patient Spirit, could have prompted them
to pray for those who so despitefully used
ihem, and to return good for evil to their
cruel enemies?
No doubt their faith and constancy were at
times sorelj' tried, and many a bitter cup was
lirank by them, when Christ, their Master,
allowed their allegiance to be proved by the
temporary withdrawal of a satisfying sense of
the strength and immediate support which
He alone could give, and by which adminis-
tered to the inner man they knew they could
endure all things, for his name's sake. But
He always showed himself a present help in
every time of need, and a rich rewarder of
those who faithfully served him, and drew
not back from upholding the cause of truth
and righteousness.
It may be well for the successors of those
Sons of the morning, to observe for what it
was they wore thus willing to endure suffer-
ing and reproach, and for faithfulness in main-
taining which, their glorified Head rewarded
them openly.
Was it not to uphold before the world tes-
timonies, springing from the Gift of God to
their souls, but which the Avorld deemed
fanatical or contemptible? For meeting to-
gether to perform the worship of the almighty
Jehovah, in the plain way in which He taught
them He sought to be worshipped ? For re-
fusing to acknowledge a hireling ministry or
to countenance it in any way: for refusing to
be conformed to the world in manners, in lan-
guage or in garb : for repudiating all oaths:
for promulgating on all proper occasions that
the Grace of God is a Divine gift bestowed on
all men, for effecting their salvation, and there-
fore the primary rule of faith and conduct;
while the Scriptures as secon<fary are able to
make wise unto salvation, only through faith
in Christ Jesus in his inward and outward
offices : for affirming that no one could be a
minister of the gospel, unless first prepared
through the baptism of the Holy Ghost and
fire, being called of God as was Aaron, and
having the gift conferred ; and that such could
1240
THE FRIEND.
to be a source of anxiety. In some cases the men
resuraed work, generally on the employers' terms;
in other branches, fresh strikes are occurring.
A motion was introduced into the House of C
mons, that the summary prohibition of theimportii
of cattle from the United States is calculated to de?
;in important trade, and depri-ve England of the
vantage of cheap meat; but the consideration of it
postponed, under the belief that the subject was not
for discussion. At a recent meeting of the Mersey Di
and Harbor Board, it was decided to spend £35,00
niilitant cliurch to maintain them, no suffer- [highest temperature was 60 deg. on the 2Gth, and the creating slaughter sheds and lairage, necessary to
inir could shako their faith in the verily of 1°^^'^«', 8 ^'JS- «» t''el'5th- Jhe total rainfall and mehedjco^^^^^
^,'^. ,j- , , I , , . .t' snow 1.19 inches. About 4 inches of snow fell duringi The electric light, it is announced, has prove
thou- Master 8 command to proraulfrate them ;^,,g ,„^„jh, and there was freezing weather ou every failure in the gre.^t London fish market — •
■ ■ ■ It is .stated that 82,000 notes were paid into the B
rightly minister only when and where put
forth by the Head of the Church ; that taking
pay for preach! n>i is a direct violation of the
command of Christ? also other testimonies
which need not bo specified.
Being brouirht, throuijh o'oedience to the
Light of Christ in their souls, to know the
I'oot from wiiich these lesUmonies spring, and
the necessity for them as members of his
the Meeting for Sufferings, addressed to the
Legislatures of New Jersey and Delaware,
have also lately been presented by Friends
ajipointed for that service.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — The local weather report for 2nd
month gives the mean temperature 29.9 degrees — the
average for the past nine years is 32.8 degrees. The
abroad, and to illustrate them in life and con- [jay 'except the 12th. There were twelve d .
versation ; and they took the spoiling of their snow or rain fell. Prevailing direction of wind N. W.,
goods and the imprisonment of their bodies maximum velocity 36 miles per hour,
joyfully, rather than compromise any one, . Congress remained in .session on the 2nd endeavor-
tl >1 t fil ' ing to forward the appropriation bills, but It IS thought
even tne least Ot inera. they can .scarcelv get through without an extra session.
AdmittingthegradualdevelopmentofChris- The President has returned to the House the Anti-
tian knowledge in the professing church, has Chinese bill, with his reasons for not approving it.
it advanced so far that there is no further need [The veto was sustained by a vote of 109 to 95.
The House has refused to concur in the Senate
for Friends, as one branch of that church, to
maintain these several testimonies; or can
amendment to the Post-office appropriation_granting ;
subsidy to steamships for carrying mail:
of England one day last month, which is the la
number ever paid in one day.
At the close of Fir.st month, there were 88,663
pers in London, of whom 44,700 were in workhoii
and 43,954 received outdoor relief.
The southern part of Europe was visited the
week by a very destructive storm which lasted sev
days. In the south of France, hundreds of people
thrown on public charity by the inundation and
struction of their houses. In Spain the tempest la:
four days, with much damage and loss of life. Fi
Italy the accounts are said to be lamentable. '
whole coast, from Genoa to Naples, is strewn
they be justified in abandoning any of them, j The public debt statement for 2nd month shows ;
and thus saying practicall\' to other profes- increase of $311,411. i , .. -_..-,
sors the selfdenyino- reliu'ion of Christ no The excess of exports over imports, for the twelve, wrecks of small craft, and a number of larger ves
Inn.fPr- rpniiippti their nbsp'fvincf ? 1?.,. hpt- '"O""''^ ending 1st mo. 31st, 1879, was $140,781,274, received serious injury. The Engli.sh steamer Silis
ongei itquues then observance!" «'ltl et ,^ ^^.^^^^ ^^ ^^*^^^ ^^ ^297,680,063 for the preceding, was wrecked at Saluno, and 18 per.sons drowned,
have not the carnal ease which so generally ^=3,^^ months. On the 24th of 1st month, as a long processioi
prevails, and the spirit of the world with] The bar iron manufactures of the Atlantic States, at' sledges were descending from St. Gothard Hos]
which 80 many of the members of the Society a recent conference in this city, expressed a very hope- towards Ariolo, two leaders of the caravan noticed I
have become inoculated deadened their per- |fi>' *'*^"'i™s"'- ^s to the prospects of the trade for 1879. |ahuge snow mass was breaking from the top of
ceptionsof the eonlinued obligation to pre !, Transportation over the trunk railways is stated as mountain. The alarm was immediately given and
' ■ 1 . 11 iu 4 • ■ in t large and satisfactory to the railway companies and passengers left their sledges and rushed back the p
serve intact all these tesumonies, and that their stockholders. The Chicngo ebvalor-s are .said to in time to escape the huge avalanche, which bur
their faithful maintenance is essential to the contain 12,364,041 bushels of grain. Vessels in the horses and sledges in a very short time. AUthehoi
circulation of vital religion within our bor- harbor are laden with 124,750 bushels of wheat, 539,943 but two, were dug out alive, and the party returnee
ders ? Are wo not, in this day of lukewarm- of corn, and 25,685 bushels of oats. |the Hospice for the night.
no<a onH iinhpliAf in^nkprl b^7 t ho «■. m P h i ,rlJ About five acres of valuable land, over shaft No. 7 ofi There are published in Sweden 300 papers ei
ne.-,S and unbelief, invoked by the same high ^^^ Pennsylvania Coal Co., at Pittston, Pa., has caved periodicals, of which 84 appear in Stockholm. Th!
and holy calling as were the primitive be- jj, . j^ j^, ^^5^ jhe loss will be serious. | are only ten daily papers, of which five are publisl'
lievers, to show forth these fruits of the Spirit ! The entire business portion of Reno, Nevada, was in Stockholm ; while in Norway there are 15, in Di
in all lowliness and spiritual-mindednoss ? Is destroyed by fire on the morning of the 2d. The loss mark 76, and in Finland 6.
not the backsliding ihat exists an indisputable i^ estimated .at S1,000,000. | The Secretary of State is in receipt of informatij
„„;,! ,.-.n^ iK.it fl,.. ,^.-;.w.;,1luv t.,n„-l-.t onrl i;„o,l I '^ ''ii'gs P^^ftJ o*' Mennonitcs from Southern Russia from Japan to the effect that the advance of educatil
cviaouee tnat tne piincipie* l.uignc anu liveu jg expected to arrive in Canada on the way to Manitoba, in that countrv, during the last five years, is very 1
up to by the primitive momoers 01 the 00- -^1,3 ^mljo^jtigg are preparing to establish a quarantine, couraging. Not only is this true of the colleges, but
ciety, have lost their hold on the conduct of to secure the country against the introduction of the the general diffusion of knowledge among the peop
very many, and can any thing restore from xilague by these emigrants. More than thirty years Normal schools are being established in all parts of I
the lapse but coming back to liie belief in and ago, thousands of emigrants, fleeing from disease and country, and the women are receiving a higher edu
•r>>. 1,^ fir.t. rifthrvw,! .-.i-fnf I'uloc ■? death in Ireland, died on a quarantine island in the lion, largely improving their condition,
piactice 01 IDOSe piinupies ■ 'Gulf of St. Lawrence, or on their way thither, and this| An outbreak of yellow fever, of a very severe cbar
in a letter from Deborah iiell to. Joseph i.,land is again to be fitted up as a quarantine station,' ter, is reported among the shipping at Rio De Janeii
Pike, that mother in Israel thus points out through which the Mennonites will be required to pass, but in the northeast provinces the health of the peo]
the cause and remedj' : "I think I do daily j Two thousand six hundred and seventeen immigrants is improving. The Government has already c<
more and more need to cry out with thee arrived at Castle Garden during last month, in the pre- tribuled 30,000,000 milreis to alleviate the distress
^1 . ,,'. ■ n ^^^ .1- •,„,,.,]„„ „ ;-,„,!, J vious month 2190. There were 2331 arrivals during the northeast, and has asked an additional credit
Ohilhis inwardness, this inwardness s what 2nd month of last year. 1 10,000,000 milreis (over $5,000,000) to provide food
has been loo much wanting, and is still want- j j|,e hg^lth report of New York city states that scar- the distressed inhabitants.
ing. For it seems to me, that many are in let fever and diphtheria are rapidly diminishing, 141
the hi<rh road to ruin, for want of this true cases of the former and 27 of the latter are reported for
inward waiting to know the Spirit of Truth ."le week
I 111 I • • • 1 I TIto »n'
to leaven and subdue their own spirits, and
The total number of deaths in Philadelphia is given
a decrease of 45 from the previous week. enter on her duti
also to open to them such things as might be | Markets, cfcc— The market for Government bonds
seivioeable and beneficial in the churches of continues firm. The subscriptions to the 4 per cents
Christ, both with respect to doctrine and dis- |at the Treasury are declining, the amount on the 1st
(.iljlilie" inst. being but $194,650.
' ■ Flour. — Trade continues dull and steady. Minnesota
,,,. . . , , -, . , extras, low and fancy at $4.25 a $5 ; Penna. do. do., at
We reprint in another column, a Memorial !$4.25a $4.75; western, do. do., $4.75 a $5.50. Rye
of the Representatives of the religious Society ^ flour, *2.65 a $2.87^. Corn meal, $2.55 a '12.60.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A NuKSE is wanted for the Boys' Department,
at the beginning of the Sumn
Grain. — -Wheat active and higher. Pennsylvan
and western red, $1.11 a fl.l2; amber, $1 "
Corn, 42.i a 44i cts. Oats, mixed, 30 cts.
a $2.10;
per bbl.,
of Friends in Pennsj-lvania, which has lately
been presented to the Legislature of Pennsyl-
vania in reference to the evils resulting from
the use and sale of intoxicating drinks in this
State, and the necessity of further enactments
to protect the community therefrom.
This memorial has been read in both
branches of the Legislature, and ihe Friends
who took it to Harrisburg, we understand,
had interviews with the committees of each
body to whom such subjects are referred;
with several other members of the Legisia- western, 51 a 5J cts. ; fair to good, 4i a 5 cts. ; common
,.,,,,/-, , 11 I. , 3 a 4V ct-i. Sheep, 5j a 0 cts. tor choice, and 4* a o>
tuie, and with the &overnor,_ by all of whom ^ts. for medium. Ho^s, extra good, 7 cts. ; good, 6J cts!,
they were respectfully received and heard, and medium, 6.V cts. per pound.
Memorials of like character, prepared by j Foreign. — The labor trouble in England continues
n. Application may be made to
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Chester Co., P
Susanna F. Sharpless, Street Road, " " '
Deborah Rhoads, Haddontield, New Jersev-
Elizabeth R. Evans, 322 Union St., Philada.
Fresh Fruits. — Apples, mixed cars, SI.!
fancy lots, $2.25 per bbl. Cranberries, $7 a
and $2.25 a $2.75 per crate.
Seeds— Clover 6} a 7 cts. per lb. Flaxseed, $1.40
per bushel. Timothy, $1.40 a $1.42.
Hay and Straw. — Average price during the week :
Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts. ; mixed, 45 a 65 cts. ; straw,
60 a 70 cts. per 100 pounds.
Beef cattle were a fraction lower. — Extra Penna. and
Married, at Friends' meeting-house, Guerns
Guern.sey Co., Ohio, 2nd month 21st, 1879, Ezra
Monthly Meeting, to Rach
tephen, of the former place.
2Ja$1.13J. Naylor, of Still
liite, 30 alE., daughter i.f P
I)ii;i>, al llu' ii'sicli'iu-i' of her parents, Prairie Ceni
Kansas, nth nio. ■J.M, 1S7S, MARGARET L., daugh
of Benjamin and Sarah Nicholson, aged 15 years
member of Springfield Monthly Meeting. She h
been taught to rely solely on the Lord Jesus Christ
salvation, and that a holy life was well pleasing in I
siglil. An cvidrnl i-lian4i' wroui;lit in her during
),asi war. .-.imI th,' rahnno.ss thai .-.Itended her dur
jier l.i-i illiuss, willi sunu- rirfiiinstances that then
curiL,!, have yicldL-d the cumlortablc belief that she 1
made a happy close.
WILLIAM H. PILE, printer',
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, THIRD MONTH 15, 1879.
NO. 31.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance l>2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage On tho-ie sent by mail.
SabscriptioQS aod Payraeuta received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
T •JO. 116 s'OaTH FOgRTH STREET, CP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
Select^-d for "The Friend."
m Account of Mirgarpt Ellis, from a copy left by
Liiw.'iiiice King w.ien travdliug on a religious visit
in America.
(CoQCluded from page 234.)
I continued then to k -ep to meetings, vvalk-
g to them on foot and frequently on the way
it the induen^'B of Divine good on tny. mind
my great comfort unii encourag -ment, and
though iho powerful arm of tl)e Lord o'ten
on lerfully supported me in various trials
id afflictions, vet through the whisperings
' the enemy I was ready to let in doubts and
lasoning-i, wanting still a further confirraa
30 as to the way 1 was in, humbly desiring
the Lord, tliat if it pleased him he would
low me a sign for my a-surauce, that I might
e a light in my path. And an->werable to
ly peiition, on returning one night from
eetiiig, there was in the path a great bright-
383 in my view, very wonderful to behold,
; which 1 was not in the least surprised or
"raid, but at that instant was tided with a
inse of Hi'avenly enjoyment to my great
)n8olation. Blessed be the name of the Lord
)r his great favor to me, that he should so
andescend to hearken to ray request, which
as been a great comfort and confirmation to
le ever since, when 1 consider his tender
ealings with me in the early days of my con-
incement.
After a few years I began to be concerned
) open my mouth in Friends' meetings, and
a a certain time was drawn to go to a little
leetiog at a considerable distance from my
ome, and waiting for a horse was at last dis-
ppointed, so that it was late before 1 set out,
'hich was on foot ; some would fain have per
jadid me that it was too late, still as the
ancern remained with mu, I could not be easy
'ithout going, and even when I came to a
'riend's house within a mile of the meeting,
was assured the Friends were coming back;
oweviT, as the concern abode with me, I
'ent forward, and found Friends sitting quiet-
ly together, save that some persons of note
fere there, who came out of curiosity, and
ad made some disturbance before I came,
locking and deriding the Spirit, urging one
nd anottier of the Friends to preach, saying.
What, does not the Spirit move you yet ;
now that we came on purpose to hear," with
lore to the like effect. In a short time I was
oncerned to declare against people deriding
he Spirit and making a mock at it, and said
hat what people made a mock at, was really
the Spirit of the Lord, and what an unworthy
and wicked thing it was to deride the Holj'
->pirit, with more to that purpose, though I
knew not what had been done in that meeting.
After meeting one of the principal of them,
being one called a gentlewoman, Rignified
she was sorrj' they had behaved as they did,
and confessed that what I said must have
been revealed to me or else I could not have
known what was done there before I came in,
and Friends were glad of my appearance,
wherewith they sometimes e.Kpressed unity,
particularly at the abovesaid meeting. But
yet I thought the waj' was too hard and nar
row fi)r mo, to be exposed to the censure of
every one, thinking I might do all the good
I could, and be excused from this service, not
dul}' considering that each one ought to "be
faithful to the manifestations of their ov\^n
gift ; but I was for choosing and cutting out
my own way, thereupon darkness surrounded
me, and when I came to a meeting I was un-
der a cloud, and no comfort at all could I
meet with, in which condition I continued
many months, to my great distress and an-
guish— no light appearing, nor any concern
for ottering my gift; and then ni}^ mother
was taken away out of this world which still
added to my sorrow, that 1 may well say dis-
obedience, caused me a long wilderness travel.
But at her burial 1 was highly favored by the
flowings in of the Divine power, to raj^ great
comfort, so that it was observed by people of
other persuasions, that I was endowed with
power from on high. At this time I had a
great burden upon me, both in and out of
meetings, and was not able to discern the
cause of it, but one night I waked out of my
sleep and was tilled with tenderness to that
degree 1 could scarce contain myself, and so
went out into a private place in the barn, to
give vent to my exercise, which indeed was
through abundance of tears, and then there
was as it were a book opened before me
wherein were recorded all the evils I had
done, even the vain words I had uttered, and
mj^ umiutiful language and behavior to my
parents; but I saw that these transgressions
were all blotted out, never to come against
me. Several hours I was under this exercise,
not knowing but I should have died at this
time, wherein I was in great tranquillity of
soul; but about break of day I saw that I must
live longer in this world. Then I returned to
I he house, washed myself, and went among
the family, whereupon a public friend who
was there seemed to take more than ordinary
notice of me, saying, " Where had Margaret
been, for she looked so innocent as if she had
been newly born."
After awhile I asked ray father's permis-
sion to go over to Pennsylvania, where I un-
d' rstood there were many Friends, saying
that I could work for mj' livelihood ; to which
he answered, "If I chose to live like a fool
and b » buried like a dog, I might go where I
I would." This was very hard to bear from so
near and dear a relation, and to part from
one's native land ; but I presently heard the
voice of the true Bishop and Shepherd of souls
saying, " If thou goest I will go with thee:"
which I have found to be true, and that He
was with me over sea and land, blessed be his
name forever. In the voyage we had not
three days together of fair weather, in a pas-
sage of ten weeks, and though the sea was
often tempestuous, yet 1 was through the good-
ness of God preserved in great quietness and
calmness, being entirely resigned to his will,
nsorauch that I never wanted to see the
and before it appeared. At my landing at
Philadelphia, I soon became acquainted with
Friends there; the first who noticed and ex-
iressed their friendship, were T. Chalkley,
I. Hill, S. Presion and S. Powel, and after-
wards tiiany more who gave me good counsel
and were tender over mo, and thereupon I
could but be thankful to the Almighty that
he had raise i me up such good friends who
were a comfort and strength to me in a strange
land.
After a time I began to be concerned to
appear in meetings by way of testimony, but
[■eat reasonings tilled my mind after this sort:
that now it would be harder to me th m be-
fore, seeing I could speak English but broken-
ly, and that there were many preachers there
already, and so would fain have suppressed
my concern, being ready with the prophet to
say: I will speak no more in tliy name, &o.
But the Lord manifested it to me by his Spirit,
that He would raise up more ministers and
messengers, and send them over sea and land
to call the inhabitants of the world to come
to repentanee and amendment of life, and
whether they would hear or forbear, got him
honor through his servants and messengers,
and be clear of the blood of all ; and then I
saw clearly that woe would be to mo if I
preached not the gospel.
After I had been sometime in this country,
I was in a dr .am or vision anil saw, as 1
thought, a kinsman of mine who had been de-
ceased several years, who came to my bed-
side, whom I asked how it was with him, and
where he dwelt, meaning where his spirit had
a being; he answered, " Come and see." I
then followed him to a certain place on the
right hand of the way, into which he entered
and left me. There I beheld a great number
who were the spirits of just men made per-
fect, whose food was as it were the most de-
lightful dainties, suitable to their being, on
which they lived continually; wherein was
such excellent glory as was beyond expression
of tongue to set forth, with which my heart
was greatly ravished, and I asked one of them
if I might be permitted to come in there,
(which I concluded to be heaven), but the
answer was returned " not yet." Then I re-
plied, I would gladly return to the body and
suffer whatever the Lord should permit to
come upon me, for I thought all the afHictious
and tribulations any one could possibly meet
THE FRIEND.
M'ith in this life, would be little to such ex-
ceeding joy and heavenly delight as was there
to be met with, and I turned bacli as I thought
to the body with a song oi' joy, expressive of
the enjoyniont 1 there beheld. Afterwards
when 1 met with atflictions and troubles, and
was ready to query why should these things
come upon mo, I was rebuked in myself on
remembering my former promise of willing-
ness to suffer: so I saw that though the spirit
was willing j'et the flesh was weak. A sense
of this great favor has been an encouragement
to me ever since, finding the same peace of
the Lord remaining in my heart to this day,
blessed be his name forever.
On a certain time there was a debate in our
Monthly Meeting attended with a difference
concerning some Friends, and we could not
discern which was in the right; whereupon I
was under an exercise of mind and prayed to
the Lord that he would be pleased to mani-
fest to me how the matter really was, and
that I might have wisdom given me, and be
made instrumental in reconciling the said dif
ference. And that night I saw in a dream an
elderly man with whue hair and white cloth-
ing, who told me exactly how the matter was,
and that I should visit those families, which
I did. Some endeavors being used, the per-
sons who were in fault confessed, and the
whole affair was clearly manifested. And in
the course of my life I have found it my place
to transact the affairs of truth with plainness
and uprightness; and when on my sick bed,
I examined into the account of my life, and
how it was with me. I had great peace of
mind in that I had endeavored to act in the
discipline without favor or affection ; which
practice 1 recommend earnestly toall Friends,
that they also may have peace in such a try-
ing hour. My sickness being very severe, I
was desirous to know whether I should die at
that time, upon which I saw, as it were in a
vision, a clock at the foot of the bed, the
weights of which were quite run down, and
while I was musing upon it, I saw a hand
come and wind up the weights for the clock
to go for a longer season, which I took to be
a just representation of my case, and from
that time I mended and grew entirely vvell.
These things, and many more too tedious to
enumerate, the Lord ha-< been pleased to show
me, and if people will but be faithful and obe-
dient in what they know, they will see things
more clearly than they do, and know that
miracles have not ceased.
The substance of the foregoing relation was
taken down from her own mouth in a journey
from London to Wales. Copied by Lawrence
King, who says it was without date, but that
she was at Skipton, 10th mo. 1753.
Dying Expressions of James Naylor. — There
is a spirit which I feel, that delights to do
no evil, nor to revenge any wrong, but de-
lights to endure all things in hope to enjoy
its own in the end. Its hope is to outlive all
wrath and contention, and to weary out all
exaltation and cruelty, or whatever is of a
nature contrary to itself. It sees to the end
of all temptations. As it bears no evil in
itself, so it conceives none in thought to any
other; if it bo betrayed, it bears it; for its
ground and spring are the olercies and for-
giveness of God. Its crown is meekness, its
life is everlasting love unfeigned; it takes its
kingdom with entreaty, and keeps it by low-
liness of mind. In God alone it can rejoice,
though none else regard it, or can own its life.
It is conueived in sorrow, and brought forth
without any to pitj' it; nor doth it murmur
at grief and oppression. It never rejoiceth
but through sufferings, for with the world's
joy it is murdered. I found it alone, being
forsaken. I have fellowship therein with
them who lived in dens and desolate places of
the earth, who through death obtained this
resurrection, and eternal holy life.
Capltiil Punishment,
(ConcluJcd from page 137.)
In addition to the foregoing considerations
upon the incompatibility with the principles
of Christianity of the death penalty, the fol-
lowing observations upon its expediency, as
judged by its practical effects, are well worthy
of notice. These are taken from a carefully
prepared examination of the subject puitlished
in London in 1865, based upon a treatise of
Prof. Mittermaier, of Heidelberg, who has
devoted a large portion of his time to its in
vestigution. The volume in which the fol-
lowing passages occur, was edited by John
Macrae Moir, a barrister of London. He re-
marks :
" Whoever impartially inquires into the
subject must be struck with the observation,
tbat fifty years ago a great number of crimes
were threatened with death, regarding which
now-a days no legislator could make up his
mind to menace the extreme penalty. In
consequence of this legal threat, thousands
were slaughtered on the scaffold, while now
we are ashamed that such a barbarity ever
obtained the sanction of the law. The ques-
tion may fairly be asked, whether such a fact
ought not to raise suspicions against the pen
alty in general, and to make it incumbent
upon us, conscientiously to inquire into the
necessity of maintainingit. Thisserious ques-
tion is more and more being forced upon our
attention, by daily occurrences. The advo-
cates of abolition are not merely theoretical
writers who take a one-sided view of the
world — not merely men who, in their aniip,
thies to everything existing, are desirous of
shaking the foundations of civil order, or of
seeing Death Punishment abolished that it
may no longer be inflicted upon themselves
and their partisans ; but we find among them
distinguished men of a practical turn of mind,
who have long been engaged in humane and
generous endeavors. History teaches that in
ancient times the menace of Death Punish-
ment was considered to be justified by three
ideas, viz : —
" 1. Lex talionis.
" 2. Belief in the necessity of criminal law
as a deterrent.
" 3. The notion of making atonement to an
offended Deity.
" The Germanic nations have inherited
these ideas from the ancients ; but as soon as
a nation attained that degree of culture on
which the legislator learns to appreciate the
moral nature of man, these ancient views re-
garding Capital Punishment gradually disap-
peared. It was at this stage, that Christianity
manifested its influence by propagating the
sublime idea of a loving God, who does not
desire to see the death of the sinner, and sets
before the legislator the task of reforming the
criminal. All inquiries on the subject lead to
the conviction that none of those theories, by
which learned jurists endeavored to justify
Death Punishment, are sufliuient for attainin
this purpose. An inquiry into the varioi
arguments, by which the members of legisl
live assemblies have attempted to justify tt
preservation of Death Punishment, has show
how weak the alleged reasons are, and thi
the defenders of the penalty in their dcspa
were compelled to have recourse to the rigl
of necessity. Hence it appears, how woa
the foundations are on which the penalty
based."
"Death Punishment is not so effective
protecting society from criminal offences, i
imprisonment. A penalty is so much the mot
effective, the more certain its infliction. Nov
experience teaches, that 'in crimes legal!
threatened with death, the offender has muc
more probability of escaping, than in thos
menaced with 'another penalty. When in*
prisonment for life is threatened, the crimimp
has no hope of escaping the penalty — bot
discovery and condemnation being certait
and no pardon«likely to be granted. Theri'
is no excitement on the part of the public
such as often follows the passing of a capita^!
sentence — and the sovereign is spared th
painful position in which he, as a ru
placed, whenever called upon to perform th
difficult duty of confirming a capital sentencf '
Hence it can be understood, why practica *
lawyers in England have voted for the aboli
tion of Death Punishment. The menace o
imprisonment for life, in their opinion, ha
greater power of repression, and is certainb
more to be relied upon.
" Experience has irrefutably proved, tha
in no country has the number of capita
crimes been diminished by the re-enactmen
of Death P.jnishment, or greater strictness ii
its execution. On the contrary, after ih
abolition of the penalty, both for certai
crimes and generally — tlie number of crime
decreased in a greater ratio than before, am
the assertion often made, that after tlie abo
lition of Death Punishment, the number o
capital crimes has increased — is either d£
cidedly untrue, or at any rate, evidence i
wanting that abolition was the cause of th
increase.
" In Tuscany, where Death Punishment ha
legally or actually been abolished lor almos
a ceniury, the conviction gains ground even
year, that Capital Punishment is an uncalled
for, useless, and even pernicious barbarity
The great majority of the Tuscan jurists agret
in thinking, that Capital Punishment nevei
ought to be re-enacted."
" We have endeavored to show, that th<
science of jurisprudence, legislation, and ex-
perience combined tend to the abolition o
Capital Punishment. When this result wil
be brought about, we do not presume to say
But as soon as the persuasion has becoms
general, that Capital Punishment is neithei
necessary nor expedient, it will disappear ai
withered leaves fall in autumn. A groat re
suit will hive been attained, when in the
minds of all well-intentioned citizens the con
viction gains ground, that with a well-arrang
ed prison system, calculated to secure thci
moral reform of the prisoners. Capital Punish-
ment can be replaced by an imprisonment
which, as it has been shown, is capable ol|
facilititing the reformation of the most obdu-
ite criminals. We conclude by quoting the
words of an American statesman, distinguish
1 by his position, character, and experience
— viz., the Governor of Massachusetts, who
THE FRIEND.
243
bis official message referring to Capital
nishmeiit, said :—
' I rogret tliat Death Punishment still holds
place in the Code of Massachusetts, vviiile
idually disappearing frotn the legislations
all civilized nations since it h;i8 been recog-
led to be not necessary, but even danger-
3, by operating on some persons injuriously,
d on others perniciously. The study and
Bection of a series of }'ear8 confirm the con-
ation, that this punishment must disappear
)m the number of penalties deemed lawful
the best governed and most civilized States,
proceeding natural in the administration
justice among savages during ruder forms
d lower conditions of society, a rigid neces-
y sometimes subsequent to times of war-
-this penalty in a State like ours causes
■affold only to bo erected to serve as a
irrible spectacle, exciting the imagination
d pursuing sensitive men in their dreams
a not j'et abolished remnant of ages of bar-
rity, whilst it appears to the hardened
iminal to be only another disease by which
ture pays the unavoidable debt of mor
lity."'
The following statements taken from a re-
nt publication of the English Howard Asso-
ation, which has for one of its objects the
volition of capital punishment, are also in-
resiing and valuable.
" One of the longest experiences which can
> adduced, as to absolute aholition, is that
the American State of Michigan, which
pealed Capital Punishment in 1847. Thirty
sars later (in 1877) the e.xgovernor of the
,ate Prison of Michigan, Z. R. Brockway,
3w governor of the New York Slate Re-
(rmatory at Elmira. in a letter to the Howard
|88nciation, wrote that, having had occasion
'f investigate the question statistically, he
fund that: — 'The number of committals to
\o State prison, annually, for crimes involv-
jg ki ling, is no more now, and has not been
fore in any year, since the death-penalty was I
bolished, than it was at the beginning; and
|ie population has increased fourfold. 1 con-
ider this a very strong fact, especially when
iken in connection with the circumstance
hat in the absence of the death-penalty, con-
ictions and committals to prison are much
lore easily obtained.'
" The security of human life demands that
no crime of murder shall be adequately pun-
ched. Short terms of imprisonment, or the
vstematic granting of pardons, are wholly
inwarrantable in the case of murderers. King
^scar II., of Sweden and Norway, well ex-
^plifled a sound principle in this respect, in
remark addressed to some of the delegates
b the Stockholm Prison Congress of 1878.
Llluding to a man who, for murder, has been
Dprisoned at Christiania for thirty-eight
ears, but who continues in good health of
ody and mind, the king said — ' I have not
lid my hand upon God's gift of life to that man,
ut I have not felt warranted in 'pardoning him.'
iweden and Norway very rarely resort to
xecutions. They render secured permanent
Biprisonment effectually deterrent. So does
Jelgium. At Ghent prison are many prisoners
pbo have been from twenty to thirty-five
ears expiating the terrible crime of murder,
^hey are treated mercifully; their health is.
n the whole, good ; but the heinousness of
heir crimes is recognized by the severity of
heir punishment. It is the same in Holland,
vhero, after nearly twenty years without
xecutions (s
creased.
1860), murders have not \i\-\hated you. If ye were of the world, the world
would love his own : but because ye are not
of the world, but I have chosen you out of
the world, therefore the world hateth j'ou."
Oh ! the preciousness, on these terms, of being
" ated by a world that lieth in wickedness.
Can there be any question respecting our duty
to bear cheerfully for the dear Master's sake,
whatever hardships or even contumely, faith-
ful compliance with His will may expose us
Can we refuse to suffer shame for His
name, in an honest confession of Him within
the whole sphere of our influence, who en-
dured the cross, despising the shame for us,
the Just for the unjust ? S'hould we not rather
?joice in being counted worthy- to suffer with,
a suffering Lord in consideration of the prom-
ses : — " If we suffer, wo shall also reign with
Him." "Blessed are they which are perse-
cuted for righteousness' sake." And again,
Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you,
and persecute you, and shall say all manner
of evil against you falsely, for my sake."
Then if we aim, in the obedience which is
of faith to Christ our Lawgiver, to let our
light shine; if we duly appreciate the value
of the talent entrusted to "occupy" with till
He come; if we humbly desire to "walk
worthy of the vocation wherewith wo are
called;" let us not be cajoled by the smiles,
nor awed by the fears, neither be too trem-
blingly alive to the opinion of our fellow
worms. But, after the example of the Psalm-
ist who said, " I have set the Lord alway be-
fore me," may we "count all things but loss
for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ
Jesus," and so become preachers of righteous-
ness in our daily lives and conversation. Thus
will the talent of influence, as set forth in the
parable of the Redeemer, yield approving in-
crease; and bo as precious incense to His ever
excellent name. Remembering, as saith the
apostle, that " OfHim, and through Him, and
to Him, are all things : to whom be glory for-
ever. Amen."
Thoughts ami Feelings.
THE TALENT OK INFLUENCE.
The right use we are making of the talents
committed — that of influencing others by the
force of practical example, as well as by gentle
instructive precept — is one of immense weight
and importance to us, both as respects the life
that now is, and that which will endure when
all things el>e shall vanish away. Unless we
have seriously r< fleeted on the subject, we can
scarcely be aware of the amount of influence
we are continually, though perhaps many
times unconsciously, exerting upon those
around us, either as respects being way-marks
unto obedience and holiness ; or as stumbling-
blocks unto lukewarmness and worldly-mind-
edness. If, as the apostle represents, we are
all called to "adorn the doctrine of God our
Saviour in all things," then surely the inward
adorning of meekness and lowliness, of right-
eousness and quietness of spirit, should mani-
fest themselves as fruits of the Heavenly
anointing, in the dailj' consistent life and
conversation ; causing us to be as epistles
known and read of ail men. If "the King's
daughter" — the obedient follower of Christ —
is to be "all glorious within," then unques-
tionably the proof that we have in any wise
attained, must lie in the unequivocal, uni-
form, consistent practice; and in the wakeful
solicitude to guard against every thing which
would bring reproach upon our Christian pro-
fession.
The words of our blessed Lord and Law-
giver himself are " Whosoever shall confess me
before men (in word, in act, in outward de-
meanor, in Christian gravity, 'in all thy
waj'8,') him shall the Son of man also confess
before the angels of God ; but he that denieth
me before men (in life and conversation, in self-
denying and cross-bearing, in baptism and
sufterincr,) phall be denied before the angels
of God." In carrying out the Divino requisi-
tion of confessing Christ before men, and thus
mproving tho talent so responsibly lent us,
t is so opposed to the prevailing maxims and
pursuits of the world, that it need be no cause
of surprise, if such should be bated and set
aside for their singularity. No wonder if :
striking language used by some of the ungodly
of old towards the righteous, should be again
the experience of such as these, viz : " He
not for our turn, he is clean contrary to our
doings ; he was made to reprove our thoughts;
he is grievous unto us even to behold ; for his
life is not like other men's, his wa^'s are of
another fishion." But what if such reproach
and humiliation should happily bo the mean
of bringing us, in our little measure, into
greater conformity to the life of reproach and
suffering as followers of Him who said, " I
gave ray back to the smiters, and my cheeks
to them that plucked off tho hair: I hid not
my face from shame and spitting ?" Yea, it
hath often been a cause of wonder and appre-
hension to the writer, that Christ's professed
disciples, in this and in every age, should not
participate more generally and evidently in
His baptism and suffering cup; when it is
written, " It is enough for the servant to be
as his Master." "As He is, so are we in this
world." "If they have persecuted Me, they
will also persecute you." xVnd, " If the world
hate you, 3'0 know that it hated mc before it
Testimonies to the Way to Salvation.
"All the world lies in darkness. * * And
this is the cause of condemnation, and it rests
upon all who are out of tho life of God. And
no other way there is appointed of the Father,
to come out of this condition, but Christ
Jesus, the light and life of men, who is the
Light that is in tho world, though tho world
know Him not; which Light shines in dark-
ness, but cannot therewith be comprehend-
ed ; which light is tho revealer of darkness,
and manifests the deeds thereof; and the
first appearance of this in the creature shows
the darkness, and captivity that is in tho
darkness ; till which the creature never comes
to sec the wretched condition that man is in,
who is without God tho life; nor till then
will the creature be willing to stand still
to see God's salvation ; but is full with vain
hopes, conceits and imaginations, and the vail
is over the heart, and what God hath there
written is not seen, and so being whole, needs
not the Physician. * * * *
" But whoD the Light is minded, the crea-
ture comes to see death reigning, and self
alive without the Law, with that Light which
was given to keep out of the pollution and de-
filements ; and so to keep tho life clear and
unspotted. With that Light, that is seen and
judged which hath passed over tho lifo and
244
THE FRIEND.
defiled it ; and that which halh gendered to
bondage is seen, and the hardness of heart
comes to be felt, and the cause seen, even the
great transgression of the pure law; and so
comos the fear of God to take hold of the man
that hath lived out of the life of God, and
taketh pleasure in unrighteousness, and the
creature then finds trouble within, even where
the strong man did keep the house in peace ;
and abiding in the Light, the cause and end
of it is seen ; and, dwelling in the fear, wisdom
is received from above to depart from the in-
iquity ; and in departing from the iniquit}-,
there is a coming nearer to God ; so the Light
grows and springs, as there is a coming nearer
the just paths of life. And as the light ariselh
the creation is seen, and how the cnmitj' hath
spread over, and hovv the lust hath defiled it,
* * so that God walks not thei'e because of
the great abomination ; and that is the cause
of all your woe, even His absence.
"And when you see this, the lamentation
begins in the house of laughter, even after
Him from whom you have fallen ; and as you
without holiness of life, that slays the just,
and keeps alive the unju>t. * * *
That faith that is the gift of God, believes
in the Light and follows it, and so leads to
the life, and this faith that stands in the Light
and life, is the living faith and never without
works, * * in the obedience to which the
soul is purified, and victory witnessed over
the world, sin and death. But you who be-j
lieve not in the Light, are enemies to this
faith, and yet you get the words of the Scrip-
ture, given forth from the Light; and so your
faith stands in the wisdom of words, into
which you have been searching with your
wisdom, but not in the power of God and His
work. — Id.
A HYMX OF THE SEA.
The pea is mighty, but a mightier sways
His restless billows. Thou, whose hands have scooped
His boundless gulfs and built his shore, thy breath.
That moved in the beginning o'er his face,
Moves o'er it evermore. The obedient waves
To its strong motion roll, and rise and fall.
Still from that realm of rain thy cloud goes up,
As at the first, to water the great earth.
follow the Light, and come nearer to the Lord
from whence^t comes, you will see that ntl f ^^V"" T^' '■"T"'^^" '"^ greai earm,
, 1 J .1,1 -• And lieep her valleys green. A hundred reauus
18 only your own wdls and ways that have ^y^,^,, i^^ b^„,,j shadow warping on the wind,
separated you from the Holy One. And with 'And in the dropping shower, with gladness hear
the Light J'OU will come to see how often you Thy promise of the harvest. I look forth
have been moved by the Spirit of light from Over the boundless blue, where joyously
your evil ways ; and that the cause why you The bright crests of innumerable waves
•! , ^ , •' ', . ,, ,. ,, , ,, . ■ (jlance to the sun at once, as when the hands
have been thus long in the fall, hath been in of a great multitude are upward fiung
self will and worldly pleasures, whereby the In acclamation. I behold the .ships
life hath suffered ; never till then comes any Gliding from cape to cape, from isle to isle,
to see Him whom you have pierced, nor to Or stemming toward far lands, or hastening home
lament over Him, nor to see what it is that ' jf;r"">,"'<^ "l^l ^■°'-'''.-, If is thy ^"^d'y breeze
., ,, . \ , , , , . , . , I i hat bears them, with the riches 01 the land,
oppresseth the just, nor to hate that which ^nd treasures of dear lives, till, in the port.
God hates, and love that which He loves
any measure." — J. Naylofs ''Love to the Lost.'
1656.
"The Word is that which was in the be-
ginning, and was the beginning of all visible
The shouting seaman climbs and furls the sail.
But who shall bide thy tempest, who shall face
The blast that wakes the fury of the sea?
Oh, God 1 thy justice makes the world turn pale,
When on the armed fleet, that royally
things, and that by which all things were | Bears down the surges, carr_ying war, to sm
made. * * Whosoever have the Word, with
it are washed and cleansed and translated
from the world, and conformed to God, so far
as they have it, and it reconciles to God nil
that have it. * * Man being gone out into
the world, the light of the Gospel is preached
to turn man again to know the Word, that
coming to the knowledge thereof in his heart,
and having his mind stayed thereto, in the
light, he may come to see the power of the
Word working in spirit, working out the un-
clean nature and the rebellious will, and work-
ing in the pure nature in the cross, slaying
the carnal man with all his affections." — Id.
"The living faith sees Him that is invisi-
ble, and lays hold on the measure of God made
manifest in spirit, which measure of the spirit
is that which in the faith worketh out the
old, and worketh in the neio, both will and
deed, whose woik is perfect to kill and to
n:ake alive.
"But the world's faith is not of this nature
and power, who hear a thing with the out-
ward ear, and so set themselves to believe, or
not to believe it, in their wills, or outward
persuasion from others, or in their own im-
agination. * * True faith is the gift of God.
which none can receive but in the Spirit, * *
that faith which stands in Christ, believes in
purity and in perfection, and holiness, and
slays sin; and by that faith alone the just
live, and justice and righteousness is brought
forth to light in the godly conversation ; but
that faith which stands in the imaginations
and wisdom of man, which believes salvation
Some city, or invade some thoughtless realm.
Descends the fierce tornado. The vast bulks
Are whirled like chaff upon the waves; the sails
Fly, rent like webs of gossamer; the masts
Are snapped asunder ; downward from the decks.
Downward are slung, into the fathomless gulf.
Their cruel engines ; and their hosts, arrayed
In trappings of the battle-field, are whelmed
By whirlpools, or dashed dead upon the rocks.
Then stand the nations still with awe, and pause,
A moment, from the bloody work of war.
These restless surges eat away the shores
Of earth's old continents ; the fertile plain
Welters in shallows, headlands crumble down.
And the tide drifts the sea-sand in the streets
Of the drowned city. Thou, meanwhile, afar
In the green chambers of the middle sea,
Where broadest spread the waters and the line
Sinks deepest, while no eye beholds thy work.
Creator! thou dost teach the coral worm
To lay his mighty reef's. From age to age.
He builds beneath the waters, till at last,
His bulwarks overtop the brine, and cheek
The long wave rolling from the southern pole
To break upon Japan. Thou bidd'st the fire.s,
That smoulder under ocean, heave on high
The new-made mountains, and uplift their peaks,
A place of refuge for ihe storm-driven bird.
The birds and wafting billows plant the rifts
With herbs and tree ; sweet fountains gush ; sweet airs
Ripple the living lakes that, fringed with flowers,
Are gathered in the hollows. Thou dost look
On thy creation and pronounce it good.
Its valley.s, glorious with their summer green.
Praise thee in silent beauty, and its woods,
Swept by the murmuring winds of ocean, join
The murmuring shores in a perpetual hymn.
Bnjant.
The truest self-rospect
self.
is not to think of
For '■ The Friend.
liiciilfiits and Reflections.— No. 17.
MARRIAdK.
There are few subjects on which people a
more disposed to indulge in pleasantry wi
one another than that of marriage ; and y
there is perhaps none more serious and ii
portant in its results, reaching through tin
and even into eternity; none in which the
is greater need to know that we have Divii
guidance and sanction.
John Richardson's father died when he wi
quite young and his mother inclining to man
again with one who was of a diffeient religioi
persuasion and vras considered to be wealth
John felt uneasy with the jjrospect, and to
her, he "was afraid she had too much of a
eye to what he had," " but if she thought i
augment our ]iortion in so mariying, tf
hand of the Lord would be against her, an
a blasting or mildew would come upon eve
that which we had got through industry
hard labor, and what the Lord had intei
to have blessed to us, if we kept f\\ithful t
the Truth, and contented ourselves with oi
jiresent conditions "
JS'Olhwithstanding John's caution, the ma
ri: ge took place, ai d the result was as he ha
foreseen. Yhe difference in their relit
views was destructive to the family harmoiij
and his father-in-law would not peimit 1
to remain in the house, unless he would giv
up the attendance of his religious meeting
and conform to his own mannei of worhhi]
John had been very faithful and diligent i
his attention to business, and appeal s to hav
received no wages lor his labor, being still
minor; but this aval ed not. He thus d<
scribes his expulsion from home.
"JSIotwithstandingI pleaded with myfathe
to let me ^tay until 1 could hear of a plact
he would not, though I was scarce fit for set
vice, being almost like an anatomj' (as th
saj'ing is), so that most who knew me said
wou d pine away in a consumption ; but tun
out I must, and did, though I was weak, poo
and low in body, mind, pocket and clothes; fo
1 think 1 had hut twelve pence in my pocket
and very ordinary clothes upon my back
Thus I took my solemn leave of the family
with my heart full, but I kept inward to th
Lord, and under Truth's government ; manj
tears were shed in the family, e.-pecially bj
m}? poor mother, when I left them ; my fall
said little, but appeared like one struck will;
wonder, to see so much love manifested to-
ward me by the ftimily, and so much wishing
that 1 might not go away. But out 1 camt
on the great common, where I had had m
solitary walks, but none like this, for this
reiison, that I knew not where to go."
When his step-father died, he left by hie
will five shillings to John, which was all the
share he received of the family estate ; eon-j
firming his prediction, that the marriage would'
bring a blasting and mildew upon even thati
which they had gott' n through hard labor.
John Richardson makes the following judi-'
cious comments upon these occurrences:
" I write this p.-irtly, that all who do marry,
ma3' take special heed that it be done with
great caution, and under due consideration,
and the Lord sought to in it, that it may be
done in his counsel, an(f not only nominally
but truly in his fear; and then no doubt but it
will be well with both husband and wife; and
being equally j'oked, such will not only be
meet and true helpers in all things belonging
THE FRIEND.
245
lis life, but more especially io things up-
liniiig 10 the world that is to come, and
jQiid of the imraor'al soul, which to the
ful people of the Lord is of j^reat value,
aow happily and peaceably do such live
Iher in the Lord, as they keep to that
^h thus joined them."
•edericlc Smith relates in his Autobiogra-
thai he married young in life, when he
far from living in obedience to the Divine
As years passed on, he was brought to
lit himself to the (irace of God ; and foel-
drawu towards the Society of Friends,
d with them in religious fellowship. This
very distasteful to his wife, who seemed
3 alienated from biin, aid carried her
isition so far as to threaten to leave him
fether. His prndent behavior in some
ee softened her feeling-, tliough it failed
•ing about that unity which was desira-
Whilst matters remained in this state,
wife was compelled on account of her
th to t;ike lodgings out of London, and
lerick remained in town to attend to his
less. He says, '■ One daj', while serving
stomer in the shop, I felt the sweet in-
ico of heavenly love in a remarkable de-
, and at the same time, such a powerful
n with my dear wife, that I was over-
3 with the sensation: an-d having dis-
ed the customer as speedily as I could, I
t up stairs to give vent to my feelings,
re I continued the greater part of the
Under this influence I felt an inclina-
either to spt- ak or write to her, on the
;ct of a nearer religious fellowship. I
not however in haste to put it in prac-
but waittd till the next day, that I might,
n my mind became more settled, judge of
propriety of such a step. The next day,
sitting down before Him by whom I
led to be rightly instructed, 1 again felt
same sweet impiession; when, without
;ation, I wrote a few lines to her, e.xpres-
of what I felt. I took the letter that
ing, and soon found that the Master had
there before nie. She read what I had
ten several times over, but said nothing.
r a time, I ventured to begin the eonver-
in, though in much fear and brokenne-s,
I told her all that I had felt. She was
h atf cted at the relation, and asked me
/hat time of the preceding day it was,
1 felt the impression I spoke of; I re-
l that the clock struck eleven as I was
g up stairs, on leaving the shop. She
it vvas very remarkable, for just at that
■■ she felt the same impression towards
which had continued with her ever since,
h to her comfort and consolation. We
mingled our tears of real joy together,
jr a sense of the gracious dealings of our
venly Father to our poor souls; and we
to admire that our present union had not
1 effected by any human means, but by
power of the Lord alone. He having given
oife to me. Great, I believe, were our de-
I that we might in no respect know a
ration from each other, but that we might
'alk before Him as to experience a eon-
ance of his love and regard. I believe
30th considered this extraordinary mani-
ition of Divine love, through which we
3 so sweetly united, as our spiritual mar-
e ; for what we had before known of love,
far short of that which we novv felt to-
ds each other — nay, appeared as nothing
amparison of it."
For '■ Tlio Fiiend "
A Colored ffommi Awarded Damages for Kidnapping.
In the United States Circuit Court in Cin-
cinnati, within a few days. Judge Baxter read
the decision of the Court, overruling the
motion filed by the defendant for a new trial
in the somewhat famous case of Henrietta
Wood against Zeb W^ard. and awai'ding judg-
ment on the verdict for S2,500.
A few extracts from the opinion, confirm-
ing the award of damages to the injured
woman will explain the case and give an in-
sight into some of the oppressions of slavery.
"The plaintiff is a woman of color. For
several years prior to her removal to Cin-
cinnati, she resided with Mrs. Cerode, in Louis-
ville, Ky., as a slave. About 1847 she left
Louisville, taking the plaintiff with her, and
settled in Cincinnati, where she executed and
jdelivered to the plaintiff a formal instrument
'of emancipation. Thus the plaintiff became,
so far as her appai'ent owner could confer the
boon, a free person, with all the rights and
immuniiios incident to freedom. And from
that time until the restraint imposed by the
defendant, to be hereinafter full\' stated, the
plainiift' remained in Cincinnati, in the undis-
puted and undisturbed enjoyment of ])er8onal
I free' lorn.
"We infer, however, from the depositions
given in another suit (but which are not
evidence in this case), to be hereafter men
tioned, between these parties in Kentucky,
that the ehihiren of Mrs. Cerode claimed some
title to or interest in the plaintiff, as a slave,
conjointly with or adversely to their mother's
title ; and that they repudiated their mother's
'action in the premises, and desired to regain
possession of her. But no active steps seem
jto have been taken to effect that object until
jthe spring of 1853. At or about this time
they united in a conveyance, in and by which
I they professed and assumed to convey the
plaintiff as a -lave to the defend. mt in con
sideration of $300 to be paid in the event he
succeeded in obtain! iiir possession of her. The
! defendant then nsided in Covington, Kj\
Shortly alter said conditional sale, the plain
tiff was inveigled by one Rebecca Boyd, in
whose service slie was then empl 'yed, across
the Ohio River and into the State of Kentucky,
where, by chance or pre arringera. nt, they
were met by defendant, who claimed the
plaintiff as his slave, foicibly restrained her
of her libertj-, and sent her back to Le.xing-
ton, and had her there confined in a private
slave prison belonging to one Lewis C. Ro-
bards.
"While thus imprisoned, on the 10th of
June, 1853 a petition was filed in the Payette
County Circuit Court in plaintiff's name, for
the purpose of regaining her liberty. Jn it she
averred that she was a free woman. To this
petition Lewis C. Eobards, the proprietor of
the prison in which she was detained, was
made a defendant. But at defendant's in-
stance an interlocutory order was soon afier
entered in the cause, substituting the defend-
ant ' Zeb. Ward as a defendant in the place of
Lewis C. Eobards,' and dismissing her peti-
tion as to Eobards. The defendant, Ward,
then answered, and in his answer alleged
' that the plaintiff was not a free woman, but
his slave.' Upon the issue thus made proofs
were taken and the case regularly heard."
The Court in Kentucky ruling she was a
slave gave her over to Ward.
" Here the litigation between these parties
in Kcntuckj' terminated. Whereupon the
defendant, soon after its termination, sold the
[ilainiiff to one AYm. Pulliara. He caused her
to be conveyed to Mississippi and sold to one
Girrard Brandon. Brandon continued to sub-
ject her to his service in the State of Mis-
sissippi and Texas until the latter part of
1865, and until she was emancipated by the
13th amendment to the National Constitu-
tion. On being then the second time emanci-
pated from slavery, the plaintiff began pre-
parations to return to her home in Cincinnati,
but owing to various hindrances, not necessary
to be enumerated here, she did not get back to
Cincinnati until some time in the year 1869.
During all this time, from 1853 to 1870, the de-
fendant resided in Kentucky and Tennessee.
He visited Cincinnati in 1870, when this suit
was instituted. Plaintiff's petition, which, un-
der the practice in Ohio, is filed as a substitute
for a declaration, embodies substantiully the
facts hereinbefore stated — except those con-
nected with the Kentucky litigation. The
defendant's answer interposed three defences:
First, a general denial of the facts charged :
second, the statutes of limitation, and, thirdly,
the adjudication of the Kentucky court here-
inbefore referred to. The plaintiff replied,
and the issues thus made came on and were
tried at the last April term, 1877, before the
honorable the Di-trict Judge and a jury, re-
sulting in a verdict for the plaintiff and an
assessment of S2,500 damages. The defendant
then moved for a new trial, and it is this mo-
tion that is now before us for determination."
* * * a xhe real contest, as we think, arises
out of the defendant's third defence, to wit:
' Is the plaintiff', by reason of the decree ren-
dered in her suit, by the Fayette County Cir-
cuit Court of Kentucky, precluded from a re-
examination in this court of the same ques-
tion decided in that case?' If she is, then that
judg.neut is a full and complete defence to this
action. The question is an important one,
and deserves as it has received, the most
thorough consideration.
"The facts as we have detailed them, pre-
sent a case of peculiarand complicated oppres-
sion. The plaintiff was quietly, and, as she
believed, securely domiciled, under the ])ro-
teclion of the laws, in a community friendly
to her aspirations and within a jurisdiction
which prohibited slavery, and presumed everj^-
thing in favor of freedom. But while thus
reposing in confidence she was, by false pre-
tences, decoyed into Kentucky, and there en-
slaved by violence. It was a most grievous
wrong to have been thus betrayed into a dis-
tant and unfriendly jurisdiction, in which her
color was prima facie evidence of her servility,
and forced Io submit to the deprivation of
liberty, or litigate in a tribunal where the
presumptions of law, supposi-d public policy,
and established prejudices of long standing,
combined to defeat her claim. And when to
these we add that, pending the controversy,
the plaintiff was prima facie under the law of
slavery with all attendant disabilities, left in
defendant's custody, subject to his unrestrain-
ed will and amenable to his punishment, and
without the means necessary to defray the
expenses of litigation, her wrongs appear
more and more obvious, and appeal strongly
to the sympathies of the court for redress.
" But these considerations can not prevail
with the court unless a remedy can be found
within recognized legal principles. A judge
does not know any code of morals higher than
24G
THE FRIEND.
the Constitution, and laws enacted in pursu-
ance of that instrument. These, as they then
existed, not only recognized, but pi'otected
the shive owner in the enjoyment of that spe-
cies of properly, and we must administer the
law as it then existed, uninfluenced by the
subsequent change in public sentiment on this
interesting subject.
" By the National Constitution — the instru-
ment under and in virtue of which we hold
our offices — we arc required ' to nive full faith
and credit to the records, public acts, and
judicial proceedings of the several States.' It
follows that the decrecTof the Kentucky court
is entitled at our hands to the same force and
legal eifect that ought, under the laws of Ken-
tucky, to be accorded to it in that State. The
question, therefore, narrows itself down to
the single inquii-y, Does the decree rendered
b}' the court of Kentucky and here pleaded
and relied on as a bar to this action, forever
preclude the i)laintiff from a re-examination of
the i-sue decided in that case? If it does, as
we have already said, it is a complete defence
to the plainlitf' s present suit."
After quoting many authorities relative to
the laws on the subject of slavery, the Judge
says : —
" From these authorities, which might be
indefinitely extended, it will be seen that al-
though slaves are protected as persons against
the destruction of life and limb, they are in
all other resiux-ts treated as propi-riy, and
subjected to all the disabilities incident to that
condition. They are without power to eon-
tract, to acquire (.)r hold property, sue or de-
fend a suit. And being without capacity to
sue or defend, no valid judgment can be ren
dered agiiinst them. It would be an anomaly
to hold that any one could be concluded by a
judgment or decree rendered in a judicial pro-
ceeding while he had no legal capacity to pro-
secute or defend. It is true that such a suit
Avas brought bj^ the plaintiff, and prosecuted
in her name, and that, the Kentucky court
did entertain, sit in judgment upori and de
cide it. Similar suits were not infrequent in
the courts of the slave States. But these suits
were alwaj^s entertained upon the allegation
that the plaintiff was free. If free, the plain
tiff had the right to sue ; but when the ques
tion of freedom was traversed, and put in
issue, it was equivalent to a plea denying the
plaintiff's right to sue, and whenever the court
reached the conclusion that the plaintiff was
a slave, the litigation, whatever its scope
necessarily ceased for the want of a competent
plaintiff. In other words, the courts held that
there was no suit pending, and dismissed the
proceedings without further inquiry. In
Bentley vs. Cleveland, the court ordered the
alletration that complainants were slaves to
stand as a plea to be first disposed of before it
would take cognizance of ttie other parts of
part
costs, and no execution awarded. In the
opinion of the court the plaintiff was defend-
t's property. She, and all she had, and all
that she might afterward acquire, belonged
to him. To permit such a decree, obtained
under such circumstances, against a human
being, for the time treated as a chattel, and
without legal capacity to sue, to operate as a
bar, or an estoppel, and conclude the plain-
titf in a matter of such vital importance as is
nvolved in this case, would be a great re-
proach to the jurisprudence of any country.
Oil the trial of this case in this court, the
plaintiff offered full and satisfactory evidence
of her freedom at the time of the committing
of the several grievances complained of, while
iefendant offered no opposing testimony. He
rested his case wholly on the judgment plead-
ed and relied on by him. As the judgment
does not, in our opinion, conclude the plaintiff,
the verdict of the jury must stand. The
damages are not excessive, the motion for a
new trial will be disallowed, and judgment
entered thereon in plaintiff's favor."
For " TI18 Friend "
Barbara Bevaii,
The following account is published in the
hope that the earlj' dedication of this young
woman, her call to the mini-try about the
age of sixteen, her zeal and industry in the
cause of Truth, with her exhortations to those
about her sick bed, might t;ike hold of, and
tend to stir up some young minds to follow in
the footsteps of the flock of Christ's com-
panions.
" Barbara Bevan, daughter of John Bevan
of Trevrygg, in Wales, was an honest, sober,
virtuous young woman, zealous for the holy
name and truth of God, and greatly desired
and travailed for the exaltation and spreading
thereof, laboring that all mii^ht come to lovi
and live therein, and order their lives and con
versations by it, which she came to know and
experience in her own heart, by the divine
power of God. Though she was before soberly
educated by her parents, and when she was
but six years of age, diligently kept to Friends'
meetings, and was dutiful to her parents, lov-
ing to her relations and neighbors, and for
her orderly behavior in meetings, well beloved
by the faithful who were acquainted with her ;
yet as she grew up, the enemy labored very
often to draw her mind to delight in vain ob-
jects, and at times prevailed, to her great grief
and exercise of mind.
" But it pleased the Lord to visit her with
sickness of body, when about sixteen years of
age, and to show her state and condition to
her, and let her see, as she afterwards declared,
that the form of truth, and the profession of
it only, would not satisfy without possession ;
and that she hud great need of a Siviour ; and
for the honor of God, and her labor w :i
ceptable, and well received.
"She afterward returned with her la
into Wales; and though she was weak in b'
in the year 1704 she travelled in North
South Wales, about six hundred miles,
her service and labor of love were well
ceived, and effectual to many.
She was sound in doctrine, and the Si
of life attended her declaration, and she
a good pattern and example in her conve
tion amongst those she conversed with ;
at Monthly Meetings she exhorted Frien
be faithful in their testimony against tit
and to keep clear of the world's spirit, and
fashions thereof.
" After she sickened, she had some m
ings in the family where she was, and e
estly exhorted to beware of an easy state
lukewarm condition; and admonished to v
often upon the Lord, that they might
something in store against a trying time
"She was sensible her time here was
to be long, and declared she was not afrai
die. Seeing some of her relations weep,
said, ' Why weep ye on such an occasi
The day before she departed, she spoke in
manner to her father, mother, and relati
then about her, ' I love you all, and have
to the family.'
" She had an easy passage, and depai
this life the Seventh-day, in the even
being the 2(3th of the Eleventh month, 17
and on the 28th of the same month, her b
was accompanied by relations, friends, .
neighbors, 10 the meeting-house at Trevry
where there was a good meeting, to the m
faction and comfort of many then galhei
and after meeting she was buried.
" Aged about twenty-three years ; a min
about seven."
the coinpbiint. The same principle, as we
understand the record, was applied by the
Kentucky court to the proceedings instituted
by the plaintiff against the defendant. Plain-
tiff alleged her freedom. This, prima facie,
gave jurisdiction. But as soon as the court
reached the conclusion that plaintiff was a
slave, it found itself without jurisdiction for
the want of a plaintiff competent to sue, and
did the only thing which, under the circum-
stances, it could have done — struck the case
from the docket. The decree simply dismisses
plaintiff's petition. There is no declaration
of facts, no special findings, no judgment fori vice she z
that the pleasures an<l delights here below
were but as dross and dung in comparison to
God's salvation and life giving presence; and
that there was but one way to obtain it, and
that is, as she said, by giving up in obedience
to the Lord, that He might work and operate
in her heart, who had many times begat de-
sires and breathings in her soul after him.
" She came to receive a dispensation of the
gospel about the sixteenth year of her age,
and travelled in the work of the ministry, and
I was concerned to visit Friends in West Jersey,
and some parts of East Jersey, and her ser-
ilously performed, being concerned
Our Forests. — A writer who has been ra
ing a study of forest trees, their rapid desti
tion in this country, and their effect on dim
and health says, that since 1835 the forest a
of the Western Hemisphere has decreasec
the yearly average rate of 7,600,000 acres
about 11,000 square miles, and that this
in the United States alone has advanced fi
1600 square miles in 1835 to 7000 in h
and 8400 in 1876, while the last two ye
have scarcely been less exhaustive.
Statistics for eighty years previous to !■'
show that we have been wasting the sup
of moisture to American soil at the aver
rate of seven per cent, for each quarter o
century during the last 125 years, and t
we are now approaching the limit bey(
which any further decrease will materia
influence the climate of the entire contine
Many Eastern regions, such as Afghanist
PersJ^a, India and Asia Minor, once posses
of a fine climate and abundant harvests,
now often scourged by pestilence and fami
and it is altogether probable that their n
fortunes began with the disappearance of th
native forests.
It is quite likely that we shall suffer in
mate, fertility and health before a great wl:
if we continue to destroy our trees as re,
lessly as we have done, and it behooves usj
be warned in time. What has happened eli
where may certainly happen here. Indei
there is great danger of it, for wo know
experience that fertile lands have grown st
ile by loss of trees, and that sterile lands hi
in turn become fertile by systematic planli
THE FRIEND.
247
jrtain proportion of well-wooded, as well
if arable and pasture lands is essential to
material prosperity, and this proportion
never be kipt up unless regular tree-
ling be adopted as a set-ofF to the exees-
destruction incessantly going on. For
years we have been felling the forest; for
next 150 we should try to restore what
tiave taken away. — Phila. Inquirer.
jis a blessed state, always to live in the
e and feeling of that love which first
,ed us, wherein our minds were turned to
Jjighl, which shined in the darkness; for
Iwere then darkness; which Light then
e manifest and revealed unto us the gift
trod given to us, which is compared to a
« leaven, to a grain of seed, to a pearl hid
jie field. It is precious to know the leaven
rork, the seed to grow, the field to be
based and the pearl found, bought and
eased. This is more than talk and pro-
on.
ow can many say, as was witnessed of old,
ire come unto hira, as unto a living stone,
ind yjrecious, and we are kept by the
er of hira unto walvation, and we ar
in whom there is no condemnatinn : thus
;ad and witness the scriptures, is beyond
he talk and notions that are in the vvurld,
ch lies in wickedness, where the guilt and
iemnation is.
8 wo continually live in the sense and feci
of that precious love which at first sought
ut, and pulled some of us a-* brands out of
.1 others as swine wallowing in th
p; as we remain sensible of this love, we
I feel our hearts more and more engaged
7alk worthy of it; and not only profess
je, hut live under it ; not on'
ht, but walk in it, that we may lie pe
dren of it; for if we Woe not the life of
it we profess, sorer judgments will pursue
han many others who are called as we are,
have not tasted of the heavenly power as
have. Therefore it concerns us to be
ehful, and retain our first love; for it is
iible, after the house is swept and gar-
ed, and the unclean spii-its cast forth, that
i may return and enter again. Therefore
very precious, not only to know that
sed power that casteth forth the unclean
t, and sweepeth and garnisheth the house
1 heavenly treasures; but also to dwell
abide in the same, and by it to be pre-
ed from being defiled again. This is the
built every year. One thousand vessels and
nine thousand sailors are in its port every
day.
Its crime is also in proportion to its extent.
Seventy-three thousand persons are annually
taken into custody by the police, and more
han one-third of all the crime in the country
is committed within its borders. Thirty-
eight thousand persons are annually com-
miited fir drunkenness by its magistrates.
The metropolis comprises considerably up-
ward of 100,000 foreigners from every quarter
of the globe. It contains more Roman Catho-
lics than Rome itself, more Jews than the
whole of Palestine, more Irish than Belfast,
more Scotchmen than Aberdeen, and more
Welshmen than Carditf. Its beer shops and
gin palaces are so numerous that their front-
ages, if placed side by side, would stretch from
Charing Cross to Chichester, a distance of
sixty-two miles. If all the dwellings in Lon-
don could thus have their frontages placed
side by side they would extend beyond the
city of Yoi-k.
London has sufficient paupers to occupy
every house in Brighton. The society which
advocates the cessali'in of Sunday labor will
be astonished to learn that sixty miles
hops are open every Sunday
The experiment in the manufacturing city
of Eberfeld near Cologne is instructive. In
1853, one in twelve of its inhabitants was
helped from the poor fund. Then visitors
were appointed from the best families in the
;iiy to visit all these beneficiaries once in two
ve.ks, distribute this aid, and seek to prevent
'uture pauperism. No visitor was assigned
more than four families. After twenty years
behold the result. In 1873 only one in eighty
required help — ne-arly seven-eighths of the
growing pauperism wiped out.
A self-chosen ministry
and brings neither fruit
Lord.
H Without power,
nor glory to our
THE FRIEND.
THIRD MONTH
1879.
In the 27th number of the present volume,
there are some editorial remarks called forth
by the reception of a letter fmm a subscriber
declining lo take "The Friend" longer, on
account of the dortrines inculcated in it. We
have received another letter from the same
Wiih rcirard I person, in wliich he puts two queries to us,
to churches and ch .pels', the" bishop of Lon-|to which he desires direct answers. While
don examined before a committee of the averse to occupying our columns with per-
House of Lords in the y.ar 1810, said: "If sonal matters, we are willing to meet our
vou proceed a mile or two eastward of St. friend's request, on the present occasion, and
Paul's you will find yourself in the midst of a hope he n.ay thus be satisfied in relation to
population the most wretched and destitute the two important points queried after.
of mankind consisting of artificers, laborers, | First Query. "Takea person that has lived
be>r.'ars and ihieves, to the amount of 300,000 to self, and not yielded to any Christian influ-
or°l00 000 souls. Throughout this entire ence: he has become convinced of sin, either
ly p7-ofess quarter there is not more than onechurch for by the preached word being sent home to hira
ly profess every 10,000 inhabitants; and in two districtslby the Holy Spirit, or by the convicting power
he perfect there is but one church for 45,000 souls." In 'of the Spirit : he is under deep conviction
18J9, Lord John Russell staled, in Parliament, What would thee tell him to do ? How would
that London, wiih ihirty-four parishes and aithee tell him he could get rid of his burden of
population of 1,170,000, had church accommo- lain, and be a sav.d man, or be saved?
dation for only 101,000. These and other Answer. The conviction for sin and sense
statistics furnished led to the " Metropolis 'of his lost condition, is the first effect produced
Churches Fund," established in 1836, which by the Grace of God, w-hich bringeth salva-
has been followed by the ITi.hop of London's tion. We would there ore tell him, to give
Fund. It is still computed, however, that at diligent he.d to its further manifestations to
hurches and chapels are re- bis soul: to let It open his sins before hand
least 1000 ne
quired in the metropolis.— -La(e Paper.
and bring them to judgment, so that he might
receive the gift of true repeniance, and living
faith in Hira whom he had pierced, as the
The fields are white unto harvest; but how 'L^mb of God that taketh away the sin of the
few are the rightly qualified and faithful | ^orij and thus know his sins to be forgiven
laborers! Many there are, particularly among fyy the sake of that most acceptable sacrifice
the poor and lowly of this world, who are ^hich He made on Calvary. We would poir '
fall. — William Shewen.
jtance of the Christian religion. This is ""- r— j -.- - „ ...v.., ^^ .....«- .-.. ,"■'■.„,", ',, ,
end ofallraini>termg, speaking and writ- asking the way to Z.on, and whose hearts him to the declaration, that if he thus walked
Let us always rem^iin in the feelino- of God hath opened in some measure to receive ;„ the Light, as God is in the Light, he would
nheHience to this nower and we iThali a."d embrace that seed or germ of Kivine hfelcome to have fellowship with His true born
^^.^u Z'?/2 lF,rZ ' which He hath caused to be sown there; but children, and know the blood of Jesus Christ
alas I how often is its growth hindered by its | his Son to cleanse him from all sin, and to
unfavorable surroundings. May we, who have forever perfect them who are sanctified. We
(through no merit of our own) been madej^ould endeavor to impress upon him, that it
bountifully to partake of many spiritual bless- Uyjjg only by this Holy Spirit that he could
ings, not become forgetful or ungrateful re-'gyy Jesus is the Lord, and that it is It alone
ceivers of them, but as good and faithful that can take of the things of Christ, even
stewards, be willing to occupy with all rfi/i- those recorded in the Holy Scriptures, and
gence that which hath been so abundantly be-l^pply them availingly to his soul,
stowed upon us, in whatever way He may Second Queiy. " Our Saviour tells us, Ex-
appoint; that the cause of Him, the great be-^^ept we eat the flesh of the Son of Man and
slower thereof, may be said in very truth to drink his blood, we have no life in us; and
prosper in our hands. I he that ealelh his fl^sh and drinketh his blood
— ^ [hath everlastin
St a dying to the worUI, depends on Iha
mme of the Mnrvels of London. — From the
putations of authorities, it appears that
idon (with all its suburbs) covers within
fifteen miles' radius of Charing Cross
rly 700 square miles, it numbers within
ie boundaries over 1,000,000 inhabitants,
ontuins more country-born persons than
I counties of Devon and Gloucester com-
e id, or 37 per cent, of its entire population,
isry four minutes a birth takes place in the
ropolis, and every six minutes a death.
le bin the circle already named there are
; ed to the population 205 persons every
il, and 75,000 annually. London has 7000
II !S of streets, and on an average 28 miles of j
ii • streets are
opened and 9000 new houses! happiness.— IFm. ■^''""•
fe: now it would seem all
Unless thou knowest a dying to the worhl, depends on that. What is it to eat his flesh
and a being crucified with Christ, thou canst and drink his blood?"
not have a'well grounded hope of everlasting Answer. In speaking on_ this subject we
]feel that we are treading on holy ground, and
248
THE FRIEND.
in offering our views, we desire to do it in
becoming diffidence and reverential awe. It
is a Divine mystery far bej^ond the grasp of
man's natural intellectual powers, and can be
measurably comprehended only as the mind
is enlightened and instructed by the Spirit of
Christ.
To correct the impression his words had
made on his carnally-minded hearers, that
He meant the outward body in which He was
moving among them, Obrist told iiis disci-
ples, his words were Spirit and life: that it is
the Spirit that quiekeneth, the Jietsh protiteth
nothing. "1 am the living bread which came
down from heaven." This could not be said uf
the body born of the virgin Mary, by the
offering of which He opened the door of re-
conciliation for lost man, and made the pro-
pitiatory sacrifice for the sins of the whole
world. As the bread of life. He had been fed
on spirituallj'' by all in every generation of
the world who had obtained eternal life.
Every one saved since the fall of Adam, must
have been in Christ — must have fed upon
Him : every branch in Him, before and afier
his outward coming, must have been grafted
into Him and driiwn all its life and sustenance
fiomHim,aiid heingin Him and He in them, —
the source of their spiritual life, — they realize
the fulfilment of his declaration, "He that
eateth my flesh and drinkeih my blood, dwel-
eth in me and I in him ;" and so "He that
eateth me, even he shall live by me :" This
is true, whether they huve ever heard of
Christ's coming in the flesh or not.
The apostle, speaking of the Israelitish
Church, says, They -'did all eat the same
spiritual meat, and did all drink the same
spiritual drink : for they drank of that spirit-
ual Rock that followed them, and that R ick
was Christ." "Behold I stand at the door
and knock, if any man hear my voice and
open the door, 1 wdl come in to him and will
sup with him and he with me." This is the
true suppei' of the Lord, partaken of by those
whose spiritual life is maintained by the bread
fiom heaven, figuratively described as eating
the flesh and drinking the blood of the Son ot
man. Blessed is he to whom it is given to
partake ot the "hidden manna," by which
alone the soul can bo nourished up unto
eternal life: he will receive ' the white sione,
and in the stone a new name written, which
no man knoweth, saving he that rtceiveth it."
SUMM.\R\' OF EVENTS.
United States. — The Forty-fifth Congress closed at
noon on the 4tli inst., leaving the Legislative and Army
appropriation bills unpassed. The President has there-
fore issued a proclamation calling an extra session, to
meet on the ISth inst.
The total number of bills and joint resolutions intro-
duced at the session just closed, was 8761, of which 1936
were introduced in the Senate, an^ 6826 in the House.
The principal measures which became laws, in addition
to ten general appropriation bills, were the Internal
Kevenue, Census, Payment of Pension Arrears, and
National Health bills, and the bill for the issue of cer-
tificates in aid of refunding the national debt.
The commissioners of the city sinking fund, in their
annual report, show a decrease in the city funded debt,
during 1878, of $628,990, the first decrease since con-
solidation in 1854. 'J"he debt on 1st mo. 1st, 1879, was
$61,092,641. Of this debt, there is held in the sinking
fund irl3,499,810, whilst the sinking fund contains other
assets in addition. The balance sheet presented with
the report, give the funded and floating debt of the city
at $71,835,101, and the assets at $22,203,455.
The official statement from the United States Treasury
Department, makes the balance of trade in our favor for
the last calendar year $297,680,06:1
The total number of immigrants who arrived in the
United States during last year, was 153,207, against
130,503 for the preceding year. Of the 3,772,707 who
have arrived here since 1855, the destination of nearly
half or 1,521,556 was New York city and State: Penn-
sylvania, 387,030; Illinois, 254,803; Ohio, 195,607;
Massachusetts, 174,396; New Jersey, 1 18,563 ; Michi-
gan, 105,222; Connecticut, 68,726; Iowa, 81,955; IVIis-
souri, 69,369 ; Indiana, 47,687 ; Rhode Island, 35,080 ;
California, 51,863 ; Minnesota, 67,240, and Utah 38,792.
The other States and the Territories took fewer, the
Southern States attracting a far smaller number than
the northern.
Heavy rains and serious floods are reported in the
interior of Odifornia. The North Pacific Coast Rail-
road has been washed out in several places, and many
bridges swept away. Los Angeles wis flooded by the
breaking of a reservoir containing 100,000,000 gallons
of water ; but owing to the distance of the reservoir from
the town, the damage was chiefly confined to the filling
of streets and cellars. At Summit Station, in the Sierra
Nevada, on the 9th the snow was sixteen feet deep and
still falling.
The armual report of the Health Officer of Philadel-
phia says: The general sanitary condition of the city
during the past year has been remarkably good, the
number of deaths being 15,743—261 less than previous
year. Estimating our population at the middle of the
year to be 876,118, the death ratio is 17.97 per thou-
sand living persons, or one death in every 55.65 of the
population — a lower ratio than for many years. There
were 6,247 marriages, 18,346 births.
The mortality for the past week has been 311.
Elihu Burri t, the "learned blacksmith," died in
New Britain, Connecticut, on the 6th inst. |
It is stated there is considerable exportation of silver
quietly going on to Europe. Last week of nearly y600,-
000 specie exported from New York, all but about
$8,000 were American silver bars, and Mexican dollars,
and the whole amount went to England, with the ex-
ception of $5,000 sent to Havana. The movement of
silver to the United States from Ein-ope seems to have
stopped since the Federal Treasury ceased making its
silver purciiases there, and began buying in the United
States. j
On the 10th inst. the Treasury Department paid to
Captain Eads $750,000, the sum given to him in the
sundry civil bill on account of his improvement of the
South Pass of the Mississippi. I
Markets, t&c. — The quotations on the 8th for Govern-
ment bonds were, for 6'^ of 1881. 106|; .5's, 104J ; 4^'s,
registered, 105J; do. coupon, 105|, 4's, registered, 99]-;
coupon, 100}; 5-20s, 1807, 1021-; do. 1868, 102?.
Cotton.— Sales at 9J a lOJ per lb. for uplands and
New Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 8 cts. in barrels, and standard
white, 9 cts. for export, and 11 a 124- cts. per gallon
for home use.
Flour was in fair demand, and prices steady. Penna.
extra family at $4.50 a $4.75, and choice $5 ; Minnesota
choice, $5 a $5.12i ; Ohio fancy, $5.20 a $5.25 ; patent,
$7.25 a $7.75. |
Gr.iin.— Wheat was in demand— red, $1.14 a *1.15;'
amber, $1.15 a $1.16; white, irl. 16 a $1.17 per bushel.
Rye, 54 a 57 cts. Corn, 43 a 44i cts. Oats, mixed, 29
a 30 cts. ; choice white, 32 a 33 cts. |
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts. per 100
pounds ; mixed, 45 a 55 cts. ; straw, 65 a 75 cts. per 100
pounds. I
Cattle market was dull, and prices rather lower ; 3600 <
head arrived and sold at 3J a 6 cts., as to quality.
Sheep, 4 a 5 J cts. per lb. Hogs, 6 a 7 cts. as to con-
dition.
Foreign. — The exports of Great Britain to all other
countries during the First month, 1879, were valued at'
£14,196,581, in the First month of 1878, £15,423,911.1
The total imports during the same periods were £26,-
367,046; £30,609,956. I
A motion in favor of female suffrage h.as been re-
jected in the House of Commons by a vote of 217 to 103.
The first consignment of cattle, subject to the new
regulations, arrived at Liverpool im the 7th inst., 301
head were landed at the special lairage licensed by thel
Privy Council at Birkenhead. Every animal was ap-
parently sound and healthy, and it is anticipated will |
find a ready market in London and Liverpool, as dead
meat, within the ten days allowed for slaughter.
A telegram from the Viceroy of India states, the
Lieutenant Governor has recently visited a great parti
of the Punjaub. He reports there is no present appre-
hension of famine. The present situation of the auinran
harvest is fair. Winter rains were very scanty and
spring crop prospects are thereby affected. j
In Cashiiicre, where dearlli is expected, the Govern-'
ment have arranged to send four thousand tons of grain.
Scarcity will probably be felt in Agra and adjo
districts.
France. — In the Chamber of Deputies, a repor
submitted on the 8th, setting forth the charges aj
the De Broglie Cabinet, and contained a resol
favoring their impeachment before the Senate,
motion of the Minister of Justice, the debate on tl
port was postponed till the 13th inst.
In view of the alarming increase of small pox, ty
fever and other infectious diseases in Switzerlanc
Federal Council have appointed a commission to c
on measures of prevention.
Advices from Berlin on the 7th, state the Pi
mentary Ui.scipline bill was rejected in the Reic
A Vienna dispatch to the Slundard says, the Ru
Government has discovered a plot for forcibly liber
the imprisoned Nihilists, and that it has proofs
revolutionary designs of the prisoners.
The U. S. Consul General at Cairo furnishes ai
teresling article on the Suez Canal ; the facts of w
are .stated to be from authentic sources. The e
cost of the canal was 472,921,799 francs, or $92
The stock of the company consists of 400,000 shar
500 francs e<ch. These shares have sold as lo\
francs. They are now quoted at 717 francs,
probably worth more. In 1875 the British Goi
ment bought 176,602 shares at about 568 francs,
great purchase, aside from its political and comme
advantages, thus yields a profit of 25,000,000 fr.
The balance of stock is largely held in France.
The revenues of the canal have increased from 5,i
000 francs, in 1870, to over 30,000,001) francs in ]
The expenses have been a little over 17,000,000
year. While the revenues steadily increase, the
penses are decreasing or stationary. The cost of (
ing the canal is about 2,000,000 francs per annum,
small comparative cost of maintaining the canal
from the fact that there are no locks or lateral embi
ments to be broken. Ves.sels drawing 25 feet of w
or less, pass through the canal. Tne saving of dist
to British ships going to India, is nearly 5,000 a
Two-thirds of all the vessels passing through the c
carry the English flag. F. Lesseps, who has bee
the head of the enterprise since its beginning in I
expresses the opinion that the Panama canal
constructed without locks to be successful or remur
live.
Recent advices from Japan report the total wrec
the steamer Queen, between Shanghai and Nagas
on the 29th of 1st month. The captain and twenty
of the crew were drowned. Foreign trade in Y
haraa was temporarily paralyzed at the beginnin
last month, owing to the scarcity of Mexican dol
which had been bought up by speculators. The
held at a premium, the native merchants decline
transactions in which they would .serve as a med
Great preparations were making for the receptic
General Grant. The Japanese express much dis
faction with the nullifying clause in the treaty wit!
United States.
Chinese advices report the ill-feeling against Ril
was increasing in Government circles. In official
cles the result of the negotiations at Wa
eagerly awaited, especially in the southern provu
where emigration is most i
TRACT AS.SOCIATION OF FRIENDS.
The annual meeting will be held on Fourth-day f
ing, the 26th instant, at 8 o'clock. Friends are in'
to attend. E. Maris,
3d month, 1870. Ctei:
ANNUAL MEETING OF THE CONTRIBUTt
TO THE ASYLUM.
A Stated Annual Meeting of the " Contributi
the Asylum for the Redef of Persons Deprived of
use of their Reason," will be held on Fourth-day,
19th of Third month, 1879, at 3 o'clock, p. m., at
Street Meeting-house, Philadelphia.
William Bettle, Cler
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Nurse is wanted for the Boys' Department
enter on her duties at the beginning of the Su
session. Application may be made to
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Chester Co., ]
Susanna F. Sharpless, Street Road, "
Deborah Rhoads, Haddoiifield, New .lersey.
Elizabeth R. Evans, 322 Union St., Philada
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
SEVENTH-DAY, THIRD MONTH 22, 1879.
NO. 32.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
8, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
a advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage On those sent by mail.
SibscriptiOQd aad Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
MO. 116 :^ORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For "The Friend."
Thoughts and Feelings.
THE nOUR AND BED OP DEATH.
'he P.salmist's words are very appropriate
his short lived existence or little spun on
ih : " Make me to know mine end, and the
isiire of m}' days, lohiit it is ; that 1 may
iw how frail I am." " Behold thou hast
ie my days as an hand-breadth, and mine
is as nothing before thee: verily every
a at his best state is altogether vanity."
lin, a serious writer has well expressed :
here is no happy death but that which
ducts to a happy immortality — no Joy in
ting off the body, if we have not put on
Loi-d Jesus Christ — no consolation in es-
ing from the miseries of time, till we have
ained a well-grounded hope of a blessed
■nity." One thing is certain, that as death
768, judgment will find us; for "There is
work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wis
1 in the grave," &c. Again, the solemn
^uage of the ange! in the Kevelations was :
ehold I come quickly; and my reward is
h me, to give everj' man according as his
-k shall be." And, " He that is unjust let
I be unjust still," &c.
'hat " the carnal mind is enmity againt
i," is a truth of Hoi}' Scripture which
uld come closely home to us in this frail
I uncertain state of existence; and should
•mpt to earnest watchful solicitude to be
ivered, througli obedience to the all suflB-
it grace of God, from the power of dark-
8, and be translated into the kingdom of
i dear Son. This "carnal mind" with our
sely besetting sins, like the native product
,he soil, are very congenial to the dark, un-
ewed, and wicked heart. While one of its
ilorable effects upon us is, a strange infatua-
1 and servile bondage, which, like the hallu-
ation of the maniac, causes us to be blind
)ur true condition, and to hug more closely
chains that bind us, even when, through
illumination of the Day-spring from on
h, light is vouchsafed and seasons of relief
1 release presented. Ob ! what an unspeak-
y auspicious period for us is that, when,
ough the visitations of Heavenly love and
: anointing eye-salve of the kingdom, we
enabled to see our fallen and tiuly lost
te wiihouta Saviour's blood and a Saviour's
ice ; and thence
' Sick of the service of a world that feeds
Its patient drudges with dry chaff and weeds,
We (seek to) escape from custom's idiot sway.
To serve the Sovereign we were bom to obey."
Hap]iy indeed are we when, through illu-
minations of the Spirit of Christ, the washing
of regeneration and the renewing of the Holy
Ghost, our ever tender and merciful Father
fulfils in the experience of the jienitent, the
humble, and the contrite. His ancient promise,
viz : " A new heart will I give you, and a new
spirit will I put within you ; and I will take
away the stony heart out of your flesh, * *
And I will put my Spirit within you, and
cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall
keep my judgments, and do them." To which
may be added from the same chapter of the
prophet: "Then shall j'e remember your
own evil ways, and your doings that were not
good, and shall loathe yourselves in your own
sight, for j-our iniquities, and for your abom-
inations."
We are assured that one of the first lessons
in the school of Christ, after the inward eye
has been opened, is, the loathing sense of our
wicked hearts, our lost and deplorable condi-
tion, our foolishness, waywardness, and noth-
ingness, manifested to us through the opera-
tion of the light of Christ with the spirit of
judgment and of burning upon the transgress-
ing nature. It is such a humiliating spiritual
experience, that prepares to saj' with the
Patriarch of old in the submission of himself
to God : — '• I know that thou canst do every
thing, and that no thought can be withholden
from thee." " I have heard of thee by the
hearing of the ear: but now mine eye seeth
thee. Wherefore I abhor myself, and repent
in du-it and ashes." And again, to the awak-
ened penitent: "Thou>halt be confounded,
and never open thy mouth any more because
of thy shame, when I am pacified toward
thee for all that thou hast done, saith the
Lord Go i."
Obedience to the universal and saving Light
of Christ in the heart, which shows us our
sins, and brings into godly sorrow on account
of them, is the precious and only medium of
our deliverance from the snare of the cruel
fowler; and, while humbling and sorely dis
tressing is, at the same time perhaps, one of
the first hopeful symptoms of the sinner's re-
formation and availing cure. " Zion shall be
redeemed with judgment, and her converts
with righteousness." Again, " Every battle
of the warrior is with confused noise, and
garments rolled in blood ; but this (the bap-
tism and redemption of thesoul,) shall be with
burning and fuel of fire." And no matter how
hot the purifying furnace be made for us, nor
how severe the trial of our faith, patience,
and allegiance, He to whom all things are
open and known, and without whose notice
not a sparrow can fall, will not allow, in the
consuming away of the brass and tin — the
careless life without godly repentance and
amendment, and therefore without practical
piety or the changed heart — the least portion
of the pure gold to be destroyed or injured.
What is ncided is a giving up of ourselves
wholly to His all wise government and direc-
tion, who is the Alpha and Omega of souls ;
who seeth the end from the beginning; and
who, waiting to be gracious, can crown the
returning repentant prodigal with everlasting
mercies.
Whatever be the state of the case with us ;
whether we are among the number of those
who have endeavored in humility, sincerity,
and contrition of soul to love and obey the
Lord, and to serve their generation according
to His blessed will ; whether thej- have helped
to fill the ranks of the mere professor, or
those who with some hopeful desires after the
Truth, have nevertheless allowed the good
seed of the kingdom in them to be too much
ihoked by the cares, the riches, or the plea-
sures of a deceitful world to bring forth fruit
to the praise of the Heavenly' Husbandman ;
or whether we must be classed with the
wholly impsnitent and wicked, the language
of who.se conduct, if not lips, has been with
unfaithful stewards before, " We will not have
this man to reign over us;" an account of our
respective stewardships must soon be ren-
dered to an omniscient, a just, and all-wise
Judge, whose award will be alike equitable
and final. " The days of our years," saith the
Psalmist, "are threescore years and ten ; and
if by reason of strength they be fourscore
years, yet is their strength labor and sorrow;
for it is soon cut off and we fly away." Yea,
"The grasshopper shall be a burden;" "the
silver cord" must " be loosed" and " the golden
bowl be broken ;" because, " the dust shall
return to the earth as it was; and the spirit
unto God who gave it."
At the hour and bed of death, at our final
separation and farewell from all we have
known, and loved, and cherished here, how
sweetly consoling to the Christian must be
the reflection that he has endeavored, through
Holy Help, to give up his heart and affections
to the government of the Prince of Peace, in
days of health and strength, as well as those
of precious visitation ; and that, though in
much humility of mind and a profound sense
of great unworthiness, he nevertheless feels
the sustaining grace of God in his soul, alike
to bear up over the waves of Jordan, and to
give the victory over sin and death. On the
other hand, how stung with sorrow, anguish
and remorse must be the feelings of those who,
from not giving themselves to the Saviour of
sinners, have thence not been enlightened by
Him to see the deep depravity, the desperate
wickedness of the fallen unrenewed heart ;
have not obeyed the mandate, "If any man
thirst, let him come unto Me and drink ; have
not experienced "the love of Christ which
passeth knowledge;" and hence are not ex-
perimental witnesses of that repentance unto
salvation, without which none can bo saved.
Well, time and opportunity, with all-avail-
ing grace and help are yet mercifully held out
to us. The Holy Spirit is authoritatively
promised to those who, with the whole heart
seek it. And, as has been said, it may be that
150
THE FRIEND.
" The sect of the seekers is next best to that
of the finders." Oh I then, may there be a
diliijent interceding, wrestling and begging
for help from on high; remembering what is
promised, even to be "Strengthened with
might by Christ's Spirit in the inner man"
unto becoming " a habitation of God through
the Spirit." Then may there be a being " bap-
tized with the Spirit." A "praying always
AV'ith all prayer and supplication in the Spirit."
A being " filled with the Spirit." And as the
apostle no less enjoins: '-Quench not," nor
" grieve not the Spirit." But " bo born of the
Spirit." " Be led by the Spirit." " Walk in
the Spirit," — "A manifestation of which is
given tii every man to profit withal." Hereby
we shall be preserved from fulfilling the lusts
of the flesh. Be enabled to worlj out our
soul's salvation with fear and trembling. Be
strengthened to perfect holiness, without
which none shall see the Lord. Be helped to
repent, so that our sins shall go beforehand
to judgment. By this be converted and
brought to the state of little children. By
this be born again, without which we cannot
see the kingdom of God. In a word, it is the
Holy Spirit of Christ Jesus that "searcheth
all things;" which " leadeth into all truth ;"
without which, " No man can call Jesus
Lord ;" neither know the things of God. For
" the natural man receiveth not the things of
tbeSpirit of God : for they are foolishness unto
him ; neither can he know them, because they
are spiritually discerned."
How imperatively rests the obligation, that
while time and access to the throne of grace
and mercy are lengthened out, we diligently
see to it whether our lamps are trimmed, and
that we have saving oil wiih them ! Not the
lamp of outward profession only of Christ,
but whether the inward oil — the spiritual life
and anointing — has become dimmed or is gone
out! Time, as with a "dove's wing" it rapidly
steals away, is of inestimable value to us.
Not given to waste in sloth, to be consumed
on amusements, or lost amid the absorbing
cares of life. But remembering our account-
ability, the inestimable price paid for us, with
the solemnities of the dying hour, we should
"Pay
Ko moment but in purchase of its worth ;
And lohal its worih, ask death-beds ; they can tell."
It has been truthfully said, "Every argu-
ment against an irreligious death is equally
cogent against an irreligious life." The hour
and bed of death, unless precipitated by a
hasty stroke, most surely awaits all the living.
Death's mighty mysterious river must be
passed. That which must come may come
soon. Conditional are heaven's covenants.
We have no leasehold upon life. May we be
wise in time. Who thinks himself secure is
perhaps in greatest danger. It was a good
man's declaration from the bed of death :
"Oh I this soul is an awful thing : I feel it so ;
you that hear me mind it is an awful thing to
die: the invisible world, how awful!" Es-
pecially is it awful to meet great changes un-
prepared. Death, judgment, and a never-end-
ing eternity are awful realities. May we
seek the Lord while He may be found. May
we live now, as we shall wish we had when
we come to die. To all, that period fast
maketh haste. For
" They who tlie longest lease enjoy
Have told us with a sigh.
That to be born seems little more
Than to begin to die."
For "The Friend."
Thf Ungrateful Old AVoinaii.
Some time since I listened with interest to
a friend describing a visit she had recently
paid, and the reception she met with. About
a mile from her home, resided a colored family,
living in a humble dwelling on a small piece
of land. The father of the family was ad-
vanced in years, and uearly blind ; so that he
could do but little to supply their wants; and
if it had not been for the help extended by
their neighbors, they would have found it
difficult to procure the necessaries and com-
forts of life.
In the present instance our friend had felt
her mind drawn towards the family, fearing
they might be in want; and filling a basket
with provisions, till the load was as heavy as
she could comfortably carry, she set out on
foot, and trudged along the muddy roads to
the homo of the old people. No doubt she
was encouraged and animated by the thought
that she was on an errand of mercy, and that
the gift she was carrying would add to the
comforts of her fellow-creatures, equally pre-
cious with herself in the sight of our common
Father. On arriving at her destination, she
was received in a very ungracious manner by
the mistress of the dwelling. It appeared
that she had been irritated by some advice
given to her on a previous occasion by one
who wished to befriend the family ; and she
poured out her ill-humor on her present visi-
tant. She would receive the present then
brought, but told the donor that she must
never come inside of her house again ; with
other ill-mannered and angry speeches.
As I listened to the graphic, though good-
natured recital of her experience, which the
aggrieved visitor gave me, the thought arose,
that I was not myself clear of showing a simi-
lar ingratitude; and that many of ray ac-
quaintance, if they would closely look at their
own conduct, would be compelled to plead
guilty to such a charge. Our Heavenly
Father, who is spoken of in the Scriptures as
the Author of every good and perfect gift,
showers down upon us unnumbered blessings.
Not only does He bestow upon us life, and
health and outward comforts, but He has
given us noble intellectual faculties, by which
wo may in large measure know and appre-
ciate the countless wonders of His visible
creation, and can comprehend those connec-
tions and sequences which we recognize as
the laws by which He governs the physical
universe. Ho has also sweetened our exist-
ence by implanting in us the social and moral
affections, which add so largely to our happi-
ness, and form the great charm of the domes
tic circle. But above and bej'ond all this, He
has placed before us an eternity of unspeak-
able ha|)pine8S, which we may all attain ; and
has given us his own Holy Spirit, to lead the
willing and obedient disciple into this prom-
ised land.
In return for all these inestimable blessings,
He requires our love and obedience ; and sure-
ly every consideration of gratitude as well as
of interest, should impel us freely to yield
them. But alas, what rebellious, ungrateful
children wo are ; sometimes wilfully disobey-
ing His commands; receiving His favors, but
not willing to open our hearts to Him ; at
others, through carelessness and negligence,
forfeiting the sense of His favor, and the pre-
cious peace which flows from it, and settling
down into a state of coldness and indifference !
As these reflections arose in the mind, I
little disposition severely to censure the
nalured old colored woman; but, in a
sciousness of partaking in measure of the s
wrong spirit, was reminded of the declara
of our Saviour, " He that is without
amongst you, let him first cast a stone."
Testimonies to the Way to Salvation.
RIGETEOUSNESS OP CHRIST — HOW IMPUT]
"That righteousness which God accept
but one, which is His own ; perfectly fulfi
and manifest in the world in Christ Jesus,
Light and Saviour thereof; which righte(
ness is not of the world, nor manifest in
world, nor in the world received, but by
world ever judged as unrighteousness;
can the world inherit it, but only they \
believe in the Light of Christ, which God h
oiven into the world to lead out of the w(
to Christ, where God's righteousness is. 1
there be many talkers of this rightoousn
but none inherit it further than by faith, tl
receive the Son of righteousness, and w
Him, his righteousness is freely imputed
■put into the creature, a free gift from
Father; and with this righteousness is
creature made righteous, even as He is rio
eous, even as the measure of Christ is recei
and no further. * * *
" This righteousness is wrought into
creature, in that obedience which is contn
to the will of the flesh ; and in the faith
the eternal Spirit is the new begetting b(
of the will and the deed; and so the new
born of the spirit and life. And so far as a
have this righteousness he doth not lie unc
sin, nor give place to the devil. * *
"To cover your wickedness, pride andcov
ousness, have you teachers invented this fai
' That it is sufficient to believe in a righteo
ness you read of in the letter though joa
not obedient to it in spirit.' But you that i
not servants of righteousness are no servai
of Christ and His works ; and your faith wi
out His works, will be little worth to sal'
tion ; and even as it saves you out of sin,
will it save you out of condemnation, and
further. And this, that your conscience w
witness, if j'ou take counsel at it. No furth
than you find the power of His right^'ousne
working in you, and you owning it in obe(
ence and subjection, and joining to it agair
all unrighteousness, no more of it you can
horit, nor be made the righteousness of Gi
in Him." — Jas. Waylor's ^^ Love to the Lost.'"
Hope. — " This is the living hope, wh
hopes to the end : That Christ and His rigb
eousness may be revealed to take away si
and save from it, and out of it ; and in ho
of this the children and babes of Christ wa
in the obedience of the Spirit, not fashion
themselves after the lusts of ignorance ; h
as He who hath called to that hope is holj
so in His holiooss is their conversation, wl
are in His hope.
" But the devil hath begotten another hop
as like this as may bo, in his servants, wij
believe him and are acted by his spirit ; whic]
stands in another ground, and brings fort
another fruit. And that is. That though thfi
be servants to sin' * * yet there are hopi
of salvation ; and such hopes as may not 1
judged false, nor questioned, although tb
witness of God in the conscience doth tostil'
to the contrary, yet it must not bo heedoi'
lest they bo deluded. So that where he is bii
THE FRIEND.
251
10 teacher, a tender conscience is to be re-
ed as the greatest error and foolery in the
•Id ; and that, To wait for the testimony or
ness within, is to deny Christ at Jeru-
sm, and the greatest blasphemy that can
spoken of; and, To wait for that mystery
t hath been hid from ages, (to wit) Christ
hin the hope of Glory, is to deny the per-
of Christ, and His blood and sufferings.
i many such imHginations hath he begot
)eople'8 brains, to scare them from mind-
the Light within, that so he may keep
heart in darkness and his seat there uu-
iovered.
So he sets them to look for the kingdom
;!hri»t without them, and a spirit without,
, a light without, and a word without, and
jtcousness without, and in that to hope ;
ile he dwells in the heart, and there in
kness, upholds his kingdom of sin, and
t of unrighteousness, all their life. * *
'That is the devil's hope, which hopes not
idom from sin as much as freedom from
I." — J. Naylofs " Love to the Lost."
The Light is come, and therein have we
nd Christ Jesus, the guide of His people,
I the leader of ages, even the Spirit of
th, which leads into all truth, even into all
,t God requires; the obedience to which is
ter than sacrifice. And to direct people
this Spirit are we sent; that Christ maj' be
though it be the least of all seeds in thee, yet
that "is the Seed of the Kingdom, to which
the promise is ; and no further than that prin-
ciple is raised to reign in thee above all that
is contrary to it, no further art thou redeemed
by Christ Jesus; for that is the plant of God's
renown, the Lily among the thorns, which,
with the cares of this world, and the deceit-
fulness of riches and pleasures, is choked, that
it cannot bring forth to God, who hath placed
it in thee for Himself, that therein He might
teach thee to profit, and from thence thou
might receive wisdom and strength, yea, all
that is needful for thee in thy measure to
which thou art culled." — Id.
Christ Jesus "is the eternal Word, before
all time, glorified in the heavens with the
Father, who in time was manifest, which
Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and
took upon Him the form of a servant, and
was made in the likeness of men; and being
found in fasliion as a man. He humbled Him-
self and became obedient to the death, that
He might become a living example to all
generations, which no creature could be, the
whole creation being in the fall, and having
finished the work of redemption given Him
of the Father to do, and for which He was
begotten, He ascended far above all heavens,
to prepare a place for all that follow Him by
faith in his light; and that from thence all
as a Saviour; and onlj- such know Him for
their Redeemer, who know Him for their
Judge and Lawgiver, who love Him and keep
his commands; to such He comes, and tho
Father also, and make their abode with him."
—Id.
n all, who gives power in the creature tojsuch as wait for Him may see his appearance
•form in what He leads into; that thereby
who believe in the Light may learn Him
o begets the will and the deed also, who is
) author and finisher of their faith who
k to Him alone and to His Light, that all
ly see their righteousness to be of Him
ne." — Id.
Eedemption. — " This is that which many
ist on and glory in, who never knew what
is to be redeemed further than in words,
d imagination thereof. * * There is a seed
which the pmraise of redemption is ; but
on who takes delight in sin and pleads for
art not he. Thou that canst take pleasure
the flesh and fashion thyself thereto, art of
other seed ; who art at liberty in the world
conform thyself thereto, in thy own will
d way and time, who hast power in th}'
nd to do what thou list, and when thou list,
d as thou list : Thou needs no redemption
10 art at libertj^ nor physician who art not
k ; and so a talk of redemption little changes
y condition in that state, who art of this
jrld, and obtains that thou loves, and there-
takes pleasure; building a seat, and bless-
g, thyself therein, laying up thy treasure
re below; He that redeems Israel is no glad
lings to thee, who speaks woe to all in that
ite. But if thou find something in thee,
at, in all these worldly delights, cries vanity
,d emptiness, and can find no satisfaction
ereiu, nor can conform to this world, nor
ke pleasure in wickedness, that cannot plead
r sin, but cries woe to thee because of thy
ickedness, and mourns because of the abom-
ations of thy times, wherein thou hast fol-
wed the world's customs and foolish fashions;
thou find that in thee that cannot take de-
;ht in decking the outside with pride, nor
orship the creature, nor bow to any but God
one, but condemns thee if thou so do; If
lou find that which breathes in thee towards
od for life and strength against all these
jnities, and all other evils ; that which would
How God out of all the world, if it had
daily; and this caused the poor animals to
lose appetite, to have diarrhoea, swelling of
the gums, and loosening of the teeth, which
was followed by palsy of the hind legs,
blindness, deafness, and death from asthenia.
Smokers and chowers of tobacco, in my ex-
perience, have many of such symptoms. They
are subject to most annoying palpitations of
the heart, to hoarseness, to blackening of the
teeth and swelling of the gums, to weakness
of sight, going on to blindness (^amaurosis'),
and to various forms of dyspepsia, with or
without diarrhcBa. I have seen several well-
marked cases of nicotic blindness in young
men, under 30, who had chewed ; for chew-
ing is, of course, as it affords nicotine to the
blood, much more rapidly poisonous than
smoking; but the long-continued smoking of
tobacco, or above all, of Cavendish tobacco,
in quantities of from half an ounce to an ounce
daily, very frequently causes blindness in
men of 40. Tho irritation of tobacco on the
tongue, and of pipes on the lips, causes a form
of cancer. There are many diseases noticed
among the factory workers in the Royal
Factory, near Vienna. Dr. Kostral observed
a certain number of deaths among the boys
and girls in that establishment which were
due to nicotism. Of 100 boys from 12 to 16
years, 72 fell sick in tho first six months of
their staj' in the factory. The infants of the
factory women were frequentlj- poisoned by
the nicotine in their mothers' milk.
Tobacco and the Diseases it Produces.
Dr. Drysdale, writing to the Times, says: —
The enormous consumption of tobacco in
all European States makes it, in my opinion,
very important to examine whether it, in any
form, is sanctioned by medical experience.
In the forms of the raw and the manufactured
article we probably pay some £15,000,000 a
year in this country for tobacco — i. e., the male
population does. In Holland more money is
said to be spent on tobacco than on bread
In ray opinion, all this consumption is far
worse than ♦^aste ; it is a real vice; i
practice deleterious to health and vitality
has, in little more than three centuries, i
vaded the whole of civilization. The alk
loids contained in tobacco, whether chewed,
snuffed, or smoked, are cxtreraelj- poisonous.
Chewers absorb a small quantity of an alka-
oid nicotine, so poisonous that the amount
of it contained in the infusion of one cigar
would suffice to kill two men ; and smokers
bsorb in the saliva and by the mucous mem
branes of the mouth small quantities of Ji
variety of poisonous alkalies not much less
fatal to life than nicotine. The smoker or
chewer who uses tobacco for the first time
exhibits symptoms of acute poisoning in tho
form of nausea, vomiting, vertigo and pros-
tration, which have been known in some re-
corded cases to produce death. Custom makes
the system tolerate the poison just as it toler-
ates opium or arsenic. Smoking accelerates
the pulse from the paralyzing effect of nico-
tine on the nerves, which affect the calibre of
the small arteries. It will raise the pulse
from 74 to 112 beats per minute, and accelerate
the number of respirations. Dr. Blatiu gave
" ■ food
; I say, if such a seed thou find in thee, small doses of tobacco to dogs in thci
For "The Friend."
A few days ago, while taking a walk by a
large well-filled farmer's barn, my attention
was arrested by a flock of from one to two
hundred tame pigeons belonging to the owner
of the barn : rising in a circle and then set-
tling down again so quietly that the sound of
their wings was scarcely heard. An observer
could but notice and admire the enjoyment of
these gentle birds, as they appeared to appre-
ciate the warm sunshine, after many a cold,
dark day. Pausing more than once to gaze
at them, I felt it were a pity to kill one even
for an invalid. Only a few days after, a crowd
of men were seen going across large fields to
a wood of tall trees. There was to be a shoot-
ing match. For afewpennieseach,the sports-
men had the chance of sending the deadly
shot to kill or maim tho birds, as one by one
they were let out of the hand. Many were
only wounded.
That evening one of the pigeons rested
upon our porch, but moved away so that it
could not be seen. The next evening four
more disabled ones came : holding up their
heads with dove-like innocence, yet shrinking
as far as possible to evade the grasp of man.
On the same day, at another place, four more
had rested on their weary way. Others were
found past further suffering.
" Taught by the Power that pities me,
I learn to pity them."
The cruel men have had their sport: the
birds their sufferings: tho pangs of the latter
are over, but the former may at a future time
have their's mingled with shame and remorse.
We read that the angel of the Lord sharply
reproved the man that smote his beast that
was apparently stubborn, and would not go
forward. Surely the voice of the reprover
will sooner or later be heard by the cruel
sportsman.
Chester Co., Pa., 2d mo. 18th.
252
THE FRIEND.
It is written in the Holy Scriptures, "that
the kingdom of heaven stands not in meats
and drinks, and outward washings: but in the
power and joy of the Holy Spirit." The bare
profession and knowledge of the power is little
worth, but a being preserved by it; for if any
enter into evil and temptation, such grieve
the Holy Spirit, so cannot have the joy of it,
wherein the kingdom stands.
It is written in the Holy Scriptures of truth,
that Jesus Christ, the second Adam, when he
was tempted by the devil with sore and griev-
ous temptations, eat nothing; but by the
power of his Father, that dwelt in him, with-
stood the devil and all his temptations; and
when he departed from him, angels ministered
unto him. This same power which preserveth
in temptations, and keepeth from eating or
receiving the bait of the enemy or tempter,
we are all to witness in the time of trial, and
hour of temptation. It was the first Adam
that eat when he was tempted ; now his eat-
ing implies a taking or letting in something,
a giving place to the devil's bait, whereby the
temptation entered. He did not stand in the
power wherein the heavenly kingdom stands,
which is able to preserve, as did the second
Adam ; so departing from this, he lost the joy
of the Holy Spirit, which the kingdom stands
in ; as all the children of the first Adam do,
who have not faith in that power that saveth
out of temptation.
This is the substance of the Christian re-
ligion, which we are called to the profession
and possession of, viz: the power and joy of
the Holy Spirit, in which the kingdom stands ;
which power strikes at the root of all the
wickedness and evil in the world, and is the
axe that is laid to the root of the evil tree
This is that by which Christendom must be
reformed, — no sound reformation, but by th
in the particular and in the general. The
bread of the kingdom is the joy of the Holy
Spirit, felt and known within, which satistieth
and refresheih the soul. This is the bread
which comes down from heaven. — William
Skewen.
position, had better retire. The universal
fault-finders— the persons determined to have
their own way in everything — have no right
to mingle in social society, the comfort and
enjoj'ment of which they seriously disturb,
even when they do not wholly destroy ii.
The disposition they manifest is contrary to
Christianity, and, however great their p
fession may be, they are not living in the
spirit it inculcates. — Musings and Memories.
For " The Friend."
Incidents and Reflections.— No. ^8.
Wq have recently read an account of ai
active business man, residing in the interior
of the State, who was accustomed to visit the
city of New York from time to time for busi-
ness purposes. " Bt.'fore coming on a certain
occasion, he had observed a swelling slowly
forming on his person, which, though not
troublesome as yet, occasioned him some anx-
iety ; and after attending to the matters for
which he came, he went to submit the case to
the judgment of an eminent surgeon. He
was franklj' told that it would prove a malig-
nant tumor, and would probably terminate his
life by the end of six months. This was, ot
course, a stunning blow. He was an Intel
ectual believer in Christianity, and a man of
For " The Frien
William Bayly.
The experience of that valued minis
William Bayly, as to the way in which n
comes to partake of (the cup of) salvation
in full accord with that of the faithful
bers of our religious Society, and we beli'
of all true Christians.
To show the esteem in which he was !
by his brethren a few extracts are introilu(
from the affectionate testimonies of his frien
prefixed to his collected works, published
1676.
John Crook says: " His zeal for God t
his blessed Truth was known to many v,
nesses ; for as he was a true Boanerges
upright life, but was without a Christian hope. Son of Thunder to beat down deceit and f\i
" Come unto mo and I will give y(ju i
Therefore the language of the hymn wu-- 1
Marly sweet and comforting to him. U-
it through slowly and many times over.
The account states that the predictio'
the sui-geon was fulfilled, but that the s
was enabled to die joyfully ; having, we c
trust, through the mercy of God in Ch
Jesus, experienced the washing of regeu'
tion and the renewings of the Holy Spi
which alone pre|)are any to partake of
joys of God's salvation.
Character. — It is said of man, as he thinketh
in his heart, so he is. A man's thoughts form
his character. A man may, to all public ap-
pearance, bo a pure man, and yet, if he is
indulging unclean and unholy thoughts in
his mind, he is forming a base character and
is becoming a base man. If a man be intend-
ing to do wrong, though he may not utter it
with his lips; though he may not communi-
cate the conception to his dearest friend, — he
is destroying his own true character. The
world is oftentimes astonished by base actions
on the part of men supposed previously to
have been good. It is an old saying that
men do not become suddenly base. It is by
entertaining wrong conceptions, by indulging
wrong thoughts, by familiarizing himself with
improper scenes, and by harboring wrong
purposes, that the barriers against sin are
finally broken down, and he is led to the com
mission of evil ; and wherever there are in-
fluences favoring such thoughts, society is
unsafe. — Bishop Simpson.
Watchfulness over Self. — Men and women
who feel themselves disposed to act and to
speak crossly, and contrary to the judgment
of those among whom they move, if they
have not sufficient self control to enable them
to restrain the public exhibition of this dis-
Bffore leaving the city he called on a Chris
tian lady — a sister, we believe — and told her
what the surgeon had said. On parting from
her she placed in his hand a printed leaflet
which he accepted and put in his pocket
Then he took the cars on the Hudson road,
and when seated, sank into profound thought
on his position. He recalled his past life, so
filled with divine goodness; his sinful neglect
to return this with love and obedience, and
his failure to receive the Saviour of the world
into his heart." Some hours, perhaps, had
passed in this way, and his heart had become
full of tender feeling, when he remembered
the leaflet and took it from his pocket. It
contained the following hymn :
My faith looks up to thee.
Thou Lamb of Calvary,
Saviour divine ;
Now hear me while I pray.
Take all my guilt away,
Oh, let me, from this day, 4
Be wholly thine.
May thy rich grace impart
Strength to my fainting heart.
My zeal inspire ;
As thou h.ast died for me,
O, may my love to thee,
Pure, warm and changeless be,
A living fire.
While life's dark maze I tread,
And griefs around me spread.
Be thou my guide ;
Bid darkness turn to day,
Wipe sorrow's tears away
Nor let me ever stray,
From thee aside.
When ends life's transient dream,
When de.ith's cold sullen stream
Shall o'er me roll ;
Blest Saviour, then, in love.
Fear and distress remove,
O, bear me safe above,
A ransomed soul.
The work of the Holy Spirit on his heart
during his hours of silent musing had pre-
pared him to feel his need of forgiveness for
sin, and of turning to the "Lamb of Calvary,"
who still says to those who are weary and
heavy laden with the weight of their sins,
hood, so was he also a son of consolation
comfort the weak and tender.
" He had a way to thresh the swelli
mountains till they became as dust bef
him ; and yet at the same time with his ar
to take up the meek and lowly, and bear the
as in his bosom.
" When his countenance was set agair
the wicked, his Axce was filled with majost
and the terror of his words pierced their
ward parts.
" He measured not his time by the glass, n
spared not his pains for fear of spending hi I
self; but what he undertook for God, he cl
it with all his might. {
" And as he was bold and zealous in preaci
ing, being willing to improve his time as!
he had known it wa'^ not to be long amongi
us ; so was ho as valiant in suff'ering for V
innocent testimony, when called thereuni
Molhinks I see, how once I saw him stand '
the bar, to plead his innocent cause, like ho
Stephen in the senate-house, when the threa;
of his persecutors resembled the shower '
stones falling upon that blessed martyr cr
ing out with a hideous noise, ' Take him awa
jailor; receive him dungeon ; stop his moui
executioner,' etc. Yet all this while hechangc
not his countenance, except by the addition
ornaments of some innocent smiles ; but fc
lowed the example of the Lord, who sot h
face as a flint against all opposition to tl
blessed testimony his Father had given hi
to bear."
John Taylor, of Barbadoes, testifies that I
was "a very glorious instrument in the har
of the Lord, and many were convinced b
him, and turned from darkness to light, an
from the power of Satan to God. *
Further 1 have to say concerning this man (
God, as he had been at the Barbadoes four c
five times, healwaj's used my house more tha
any other, and can testify concerning him, tht
ho was of an innocent and blameless life an
conversation ; 1 can tTw\y say and affirnr
that his conver-iation did adorn the (Tospe
and that his words administered grace to th
hearers; yea, in his very common commun
THE FRIEND.
253
on his words were seasoned, and had vir-
in them."
'he reference to the frequent visits which
liam Bayly made to Barbadoes is explained
the fact, that for some time he followed a
faring life in order to provide for the
ntenance of his family. It was while on
jboard that the summons came to him to
76 this world, and enter upon that state of
stence of which we can have but iraper-
coneeptions while clothed upon with our
ernaeles of clay. The path by which he
i led out of sin and corruption into the
ious spiritual liberty of the children of
, arid prepared for admission into the
.veiily abodes of everlasting blessedness,
lescribed by him in a brief tract, entitled
short relation or testimony of the work-
of the Light of Christ in me from my
Idhood; by one who is now a witness of
Spirit of Truth (whom the world cannot
eive), which doth convince of sin, of righte-
[iness and of judgment, and brings all things
remembrance, and showeth mo things to
ue ; Glory to the Lord forever." From
s tract the following narrative is condensed,
ut opens with the following declaration
jtten under that animating assurance which
.he product of true faith. " In the eternal
^ht and Life of God (wherewith I and all
.nkiiid are lighted), do I now stand and re-
ee over the world and all its glory and
mity, over the Beast and False Prophet
thin and without, having received power
■m the Father of life (in the way of his
Ignn-nts', after which my soul had long
3athed and thirsted, even from a child,
Dugh then I knew not what my soul panted
•; but now know the mysteries of God's
erlasting kingdom are revealed to the babes
it fear him; but to others, in parables."
He then relates his experience. "When I
13 about ten years old, I do remember that
raetimes I desired to go and sit alone qu
some desert place, where I might bemoan
^self, and weep in secret; even until my
art was broken, not knowing wherefore;
d did begin to praj' in fear to God with
irs, though I knew not who or where He
is, but had little to speak, only something
ied in me, and breathed, confidently believ
w that God heard me wherever Ho was
d would pity me and save me, at which
anks did arise unto Him; not knowing it
iS a seed in me, which was and is beloved
God (contrary to the course of this world),
which the blessing and promises are, that
d arise in the quiet of my mind to break
iwn that which the serpent and my own
ill had wrought in my heart contrary
3d, that thereby I might enjoy peace in the
erlasting covenant of light. For at any time
ben I had done or spoken that which was
ntrary to God, I was soon checked for it,
dged and condemned and put in fear, by his
itness in my conscience, which beheld all
y ways and words, though never so secret,
id is the same that Job speaks of which set
print upon his heels, and marked his steps.
there in no place at last where the worker of
iniquity may hide himself from the dreadful
presence of God, as David saith.
"So, about fifteen j'ears old I went among
the soldiers (being the time of war), not heed-
ing the true Guide, the light and Spirit of
God, which strived often with me, to lead me
in weakness and fear out of all strife, which
comes from the lust that was against the
soul." By the evil company to which ho was
here exposed, he says, " the honest principle
in me was betrayed and even murdered, and
I began to be hardened from the fear of God.
Now I could swear and vapour among them
nd drink till I was sometimes drunk, and
srew in it until I even took delight in swear-
and drunkenness; yet oft times when I
was gone from my company alone and quiet,
fear and dread from the witness of God in rao
would seize Upon me in great and horrible
terror, and in the night in dreams was I often
fearfully scared and tormented with feai-ful
sights and visions of hell and devils, death
and damnation, which indeed (in that state)
was ray just portion ; and so in the cool of
the day I heard the voice of God and was
afraid, like Adam in the transgression; and
though I would have hid my sin like him, yet
the Lord did search it out."
(To be continued.)
Selected.
Lines found in the pocket of Cowper's friend Unwin,
after his decease : —
What doest thou, O wandering dove,
From thy home in the rock's riven breast ?
'Tis fair! But the falcon is wheeling above,
O, fly to tliy sheltering nest !
To thy nest, wandering dove, to thy nest !
Frail barque, on the bright summer sea,
Which the breezes now curl but in sport,
Spread cheerily the sail, for though pleasant it be.
Ne'er linger till safe in the port.
To the port, little barque, to the port !
Tired roe, that the hunter dost flee.
While his arrow 's e'en now on the wing,
In yon deep green recess there's a covert for thee.
Go rest by that clear limpid spring.
To the spring, panting roe, to the spring!
My spirit still hovering, half blest,
Amid objects so fleeting and dim.
Ah ! knowest thou thy rock, and the haven of rest.
And the pure spring of joy, then to Him,
Fluttering spirit, to Him !
you, and the power of the Spirit of Christ
within you, subduing your will to a holy sub-
jection to the Divine will ; that you may say
with the apostle ; " 1 am crucified with Christ;
nevertheless I livo, yet not I, but Christ liveth
n me, and the life which I now live in the
flesh, I live by the faith of the Son of God,
ho loved me and gave himself for me. — W.
Penn.
Selected.
STANZAS.
As down in the sunless retreats of the ocean
Sweet flowers are springing no mortal can see,
So deep in my soul the still prayer of devotion.
Unheard by the world, rises silent to Thee
My God,— silent to Thee,
Pure, warm, — silent to Thee.
As still to the star of its worship though clouded,
The needle points faithfully o'er the dim sea,
So dark as I roam in this wintry world shrouded,
The hope of my spirit turns trembling to Thee
My God, — trembling to Thee,
True, fond,— trembling to Thee.
—Hood.
Reward of Honest Industry.
In the earlier years of my experience as a
printer in Chicago, more than twenty years
ago, our firm did a good deal of printing for
the Chicago, Bnilington and Quincy Eailroad,
and because of this I came to know a young
man who is the subject of my story.
He came from Massachusetts; he was poor,
d had no influential friend to even give
him a letter of recommendation. He sought
employment on the Chicago, Burlington and
Quincy Eailroad, and after waiting a time, at
ast secured a position as brakeman on a
freight train — salary thirty dollars a month.
He was faithful in this position, and being
both intelligent and industrious, he was soon
made a conductor on the train, with wages
nearly doubled. He soon attracted the at-
tention of his superior officers, who saw in
him an honest, faithful, conscientious con-
ductor, one not seeking his own ease or plea-
sure, but constantly devoted to the interests
of the company that employed him, so that
not many months elapsed before he was made
conductor of a passenger train — a more com-
fortable position, and one yielding a some-
what higher salary. Here 1 first knew him,
and I saw in him a modest, quiet, unassuming
young man, free from the popular vices, and
one who tried to be just as faithful, and true,
and devoted to his work as a conductor as
though the position had been that of general
superintendent.
He did not apparently have a high opinion
of his own abilities ; there was a total absence
of that swagger and strut so often seen in
those who come to similar subaltern positions.
It seemed as though he thought that to pro-
perly conduct his train — to secure the com-
fort of his passengers, and rightly serve the
interest of his company — required the full
exercise of all his powers.
One of the sternest and most exacting, and
yet one of the noblest, ablest, and most con-
scientious men who ever filled a similar posi-
tion, was then General Superintendent of the
road. This man (Col. G. C. Hammond)
watched every employee of the road with an
eagle's eye. He measured every man, knew
the ability of each, and seemed intuitivelj^ to
know which were the faithful workers and
which the lazy shirks. Our young conductor
did not escape his keen eye. When ho least
thought of it, his chief was measuring and
sounding him, and finding out what kind of
metal ho was made of; but none ever knew
whether he was approved or not for the
chief's look was always stern and cold.
One night, train number four moved slowly
out of Chicago under the care of my young
Let us all come to Christ, and let none de-
ceive themselves and live in their sins, and
. which Light 1 can see all that ever I have yet think to come to Heaven. Bo not dc- ^ , . , _
me, and do remember the first oath that ceived (saith the apostle), God is not mocked ;' friend, who only intent on doing his work as
'er I swore (being provoked by another lad), for whatsoever a man sows, that he shall also] well as he knew how, seemed to have no
id that I was smitten with trembling, scarce reap: He that sows to the flesh, shall of the higher ambition than to be a good conductor
)le to stand on my feet, by the witness of flesh reap corruption ; but he that sows to the j—salai-y nine hundred dollars a year. About
od in my conscience, which I knew not then Spirit, shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting, noon, when he stopped at the station, he found
hat it was, but could have fled any way from Labor for a sure-grounded hope, a just hope a telegram from the head office, ordering him
being put in such horrible fear, and con- in the mercy of God for pardon and salvation : to "leave the train in care of , and take
3mned by it when I had done any evil : so then you must know a work of Christ upon the first train for Chicago."
254
THE FRIEND.
This was an unusual thing. Wondering
what could bo the matter, conscious that he
hiid tried to do exactly right, and yet re-
membering how exacting was the Gene
Superintendent, he feared that unintentionally
he had fallen under his displeasure. Eeacl:
ing Chicago, with a fearful heart he presented
himself at the office of the Superintendent.
"Good morning, Mr. Hammond; I've an
swered your telegram, and come to see what
it means."
"Good morning," growled the chief; "I
see 3-ou have, sir. I have concluded to take
your train away from you."
The conductor's heart sank lower than ever.
What before was only fearful foreboding, was
now painful truth. He had served the com-
pany to the best of his ability; he had kept
the affairs of his train in complete order, his
reports had been carefully and correctly made,
and yet, after all, he had lost his position; he
knew not why, and felt that his case was sad
indeed. He inwardly resolved, that having
missed his calling, he would quit railroad-
ing and try some other service, where faith-
ful work would be appreciated. He dared
not hope to reverse the decision of the all
powerful official, yet in as calm a voice as he
could command, he politely asked the reason
for his summary dismissal.
Colonel Hammond waited a while before he
answered. Then the muscles of his face re-
laxed a little, and he said, "I want an as-
sistant superintendent in my office, and I
have called you to take the place.'
True worth is always modest, and our
thunderi=iruck conductor could only stammer,
" but I um not competent, sir, to fill the posi-
tion ?"
"You can do as I tell you ; you can obey
orders, can't you ? That's all you have to do,
sir. You will begin work this morning. That
is your desk."
The new duties were not as difficult as
he expected. At first he had only to obey
orders, and carry out the details of work laid out
by the chief, and to these duties he brought
the same faithfulness and thoroughness that
had made him noticeable as a conductor. His
elevation did not spoil him or make him vain.
He was as plain, and modest, and hard-work-
ing as before — the salary at first was one
thousand eight hundred dollars.
After a few years of service under Col.
Hammond, and an advance of salary to two
thousand and five hundred dollars, the plain
young man was invited to lake the office of
General Superintendent of a young road, at a
salary of four thousand dollars. Distrusting
his own ability but determined to do his best,
he accepted the call, and succeeded, until the
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Eailroad,
realized how much they had lost in parting
with him, invited him to resume his old posi-
tion by the tempting offer of six thousand
dollars a year.
In the meantime Col. Hammond had be-
come Superintendent of the Union Pacific
Railroad, running from Omaha to Ogden,
where it connects with the Central Pacific
road. This latter road was owned by four or
five millionaires, who had built it, one of whom
was its General Superintendent. However
good a business man, he knew but little about-
railroading, and under his care the road was
anything but prosperous, until the owners
But where could they find a general super-
intendent who had the ability, and would
dare to re-organize the road and put its af-
fairs upon a better basis? They consulted
Col. Hammond and other railroad men, and
the result was that, most unexpectedly, our
whilom modest and hard-working conductor
one day received a telegram, asking him if he
would undertake the duties of General Super-
intendent of the Central Pacific Railroad at
a salary of ten thousand dollars. He was
satisfied with his appreciation by the Chicago,
Burlington and Quincy Railroad, who pro-
posed to increase his pay to seven thousand
dollars, and as he preferred to remain in Chi-
cago, he declined the princely offer made by
the California road. Then another telegram
asked at what salary he would become the
chief of the Central Pacific. Almost hoping
to discourage his tempters,- he telegraphed,
"Thirteen thousand a year in gold." At
once came the answer, "Accepted." So, taken
in his own trap, he had nothing to do, but to
bid adieu to the city that had served him so
well, and turn his face toward the land of
gold. My story would be too long if I should
try to tell you the unexpected difficulties he
encountered from the old officers of the road
who had determined that they would not be
superseded, and that the new superintendent
should never enter upon his duties ; how they,
before his arrival, sot the whole press and
people of California against him; how, sup-
ported by directors of the road, he quietly
took control, disarmed prejudice, conquered
ubmission, and earned success.
This was nine years ago. He is still Gene-
■al Superintendent of the Central Pacific Rail-
oad, one of the most important railroads in
the world. With its connections with Cali-
fornia, this quiet man, not yet forty-eight
years old, now superintends 2734 miles of
railroad, and over fifty connecting steamers,
besides dictating the tarifts of the China, the
Australian, and the Panama line of steam-
ships. While other young men preferred
present ease and comfort to the interests of
their employers, wasted money and time ii;
billiard halls, and theatres, and drinking
saloons, Albion N. Towne was at work, build-
ing up a character as well as reputation, and
now fills one of the most important positions
in California, and instead of three hundred
and sixty dollars a year as brakeman on a
freight train, he now draws the salary of
twenty thousand a year in gold.
His untiring faithfulness in the humbler
duties not only attracted the notice and won
the appreciation of his superiors, but fitted
him for the higher positions which, without
his seeking, he was called to fill.
I have long desired to tell this story of a
young man's faithfulness, and consequent suc-
cess, for I consider it a lesson that boys and
young men of the present day can study to
advantage. — Alfred L. Sewell.
jealousies that now so often embitter ;i
fountains of our loves? Would we lie soil
patient of the faults of others? Would)
allow trivial misunderstandings to biiilili
strong walls between us and those whu <iu ;
to stand very close to us?
and directors resolved upon
sweeping change.
Life is very critical. Any word may be our
last. Any farewell, even amid glee and merri-
ment, may be forever. If this truth were but
burned into our consciousness, and if it ruled
5 a deep conviction and real power in our
ves, would it not give a new meaning to all
our human relationships? Would it not make
us far more tender than wo sometimes are ?
Would it not oftentimes put a rein upon our
adical and | rash and i mpetuous speech ? Would we carry
in our hearts the miserable suspicions and
For " The Friei
" Stand fast therefore in the liberty wh
with Christ hath made us free, and be
entangled again with the yoke of bondagi
Dear young Friends, — Perhaps there ne
was a time in which the observance of thie
junction of the apostle to the Galatian Chu
was more necessary than the present,
particularly amongst the members of the
ciety of Friends. It is especiallj' adaptet
those who have been brought under the po
of Divine Grace, and have tasted of the g
word of life, and of the powers of the wc
to come, and been made partakers of the H
Ghost, to stand fast in this liberty ; for, bn
ren, ye have been called unto liberty, o
use not liberty for an occasion to the fl6
but by love serve one another. How rrn
there are at the present time, who are cla
ing to be the disciples of Him who was h(
harmless, undefiled and separate from i
ners, that are indulging in things which
contrary to the teaching of the pure Spirii
Truth!
Therefore, dear Friends, let us bew
that we partake not of their sins. For G
has not called us unto uncleanness, but ui
holiness and virtue. There are many voi^
in the world crying, " Lo here is Christ, a
lo He is there." Believe them not, neiti
go ye after them ; but minding the pure v
ness for God in your own hearts, stand f
in the liberty it gives. For, as said the ap
tie, "If any man preach any other gos
unto you than that ye have received, let h
be acursed." If it was needful to warn t
Galatians against unsound doctrine, it is
less so at the present time ? Woe be unto t
pastors that destroy and scatter the sheep
my pasture! said the Lord through His p:
phet.
Dear Friends, it is a day in which we,
a Society, need to dwell very low, many a
the discouragements that are thrown aero
the path of the sincere seekers after truti
but the language of Him who was touch
with a feeling of our infirmities, is yet app
cable to all His little ones: "Fear not, litl
flock, it is your Father's good pleasure to gi
you the kingdom."
Oh how many are the snares of the onem
if he cannot effect the church's overthrow (
sowing the seeds of infidelity amongst h^
members, he will change his tactics and w
transform himself into the appearance of £
angel of light, and will draw a veil of spiritu
darkness over the minds of those who are n'
grounded in the unchangeable truth, and ma
instil into their minds the idea that they ha%
reached a high point of Christian perfectioi
and may lead them on from one step to ai
other under this veil of darkness, with a ze;|
that is not according to knowledge. ]
Dear Friends, keep your ranks in righteoa i
ness, for the Captain of our salvation wal
never foiled by the enemy ; and He is able tj
keep all his trusting ones from the attacks (i
him whose work it is to lay waste the herij
age of God. Behold what desolations thi
enemy hath wrought in the sanctuary: " ,1
man was famous according as he had lifted u
THE FRIEND.
255
8 upon the thick trees; but now they
ak down the curved work at once with
s and hammers." When the Psalmist saw
prosperity of the wicked, he said, 1 was
ious at the foolish. But when he thought
know their course, it was too painful for
ntil he went into the sanctuary of Grod.
an understood I their end. "Surely thou
St set them in slipper^' places, thou cast-
t them down into destruction."
Vhen we look at our religions Society in
present distracted condition, we may see
ny things that are calculated to shake the
h of the young and inexperienced. So
ny innovations, and such wide departures
n the simplicity that adorned the church
ler early days. But the truth is the same
ugh all men should forsake it; it changeth
. Therefore, dear Friends, look not at the
rtcomingsor failings of others; that blessed
r of Bethlehem which hath shined upon
n the perfection of beauty, has lost none of
lustre. It was the blessed inshining of that
ht in the heart, that led the pioneers of
s Society out from under the empty forms
1 ceremonies of a lifeless profession ; and to
e up the cross and follow Him who is the
[elightthat lighteth every man that cometh
10 the world. They bore an undying tes-
.ny to the blessed efficacy of that grace and
th which came by Jesus Christ ; and it be
ines us, who profess the same faith, to stand
t in the liberty which it gives. Inasmuch
they were divinely constrained to proclaim
s unsearchable riches of Christ, for the
.hering in of those that were scattered, as
jep without a shepherd, it behoves us to
'e the more earnest heed to the things that
have heard, lest at any lime we should let
am slip. For if the word spoken by angels
fS steadfast, and every transgression and
lobedience received a just recompense of
vard ; how shall we escape if we neglect
great salvation ; which at the first began
be spoken by the Lord, and was confirmed
to us by them that heard him ? God hath,
the economy of His wisdom and grace, de-
■ned that His Church should be a pure
ureh, without spot or wrinkle: washed in
8 own precious blood, and made meet to be
ned to himself in an everlasting covenant.
X how many there are who turn back in
3 day of trial, and have shrank from the
eration of such a washing; so that the
urch might well saj', I have brought up
ildren and they have rebelled against me;
3y have turned every one to his own way ;
3y have transgressed the laws, changed the
iinance, broken the everlasting covenant.
it if those with whom the testimony is
und up and the law sealed, are only faithful
to Him who hath called them out of dark-
8S into his marvellous light, the time will
me when the church's children will be say-
r again in her ears, the place is too straight
• me, give place to me that I may dwell,
hen the Lord bringeth back the captivity
his people, Jacob shall rejoice and Israe
all be glad. Thou shalt no more be termed
•saken: neither shall thy land any more be
'med desolate ; but thou shalt be called
jpbzibah, and ihy land Beulah ; I will no
jre give thy corn to be meat, for thine ene-
es; and the sons of the stranger shall not
ink thy wine for which thou hast labored,
t they that have gathered it shall eat it and
aise the Lord, and they that have brought
together shall drink it in the courts of my
holiness. "Behold, the Lord hath proclaimed
unto the end of the world. Say ye to the
daughterofZion, behold thysalvation cometh;
behold, his reward is with him, and his work
before Him. And they shall call them, The
holy people. The redeemed of the Lord ; and
thou shalt be called, sought out, a city not
forsaken."
Cornwall, Orange Co., N. Y.
THE FRIEND.
THIRD MONTH 22, 1879.
It is not needful in the present day to enter
into any argument to prove the advantages
conferred by literary education, for there
must bo few who would hazard opposition to
the prevailing sentiment in its favor. But
we fear that some of the members of our re-
ligious Society are not sufficientl}- thoughtful
as to what constitutes a good education, or
arc not properly impressed with the evils re-
sulting from an early education deficient in
the inculcation of correct principles, whether
in reference to the acquisition of knowledge,
or the conduct of life.
The "Public Schools" of theComraonwealth
are popular with the community, as a noble
effort to bestow literary instruction on all
classes, and we wish not to disparage what-
ever benefit they may confer. But it is of
great importance, before Friends place their
children in these seminaries, to ascertain how
far the instruction imparted and the habiis
formed there, are fitted to give a well-ground-
ed expectation that the result will be per-
manently valuable. A parent can hardly in-
flict a more grievous wrong upon his child,
than to oblige him to spend the most impress-
ible period of life where ho is daily exposed
to the danger of imbibing erroneous ideas of
mental training, or principles inimical to the
true object of life and the means for attain-
ing it.
Of course there are differences in our public
schools, answering in measure to the capa-
bility of those having the oversight of them,
to adapt the mode of teaching and the course
of stud}', to the object all profess to aim at,
— imparting a competent knowledge of the
branches intended to be taught; but wilh
many who are acquainted with the system
pursued in the majority of those schools, and
who have watched the general character of
those who have been trained in them, there are
grave doubts entertained as to the thorough- i
ness of the teaching, even in the elements of
a rudimentary English education, much more
as respects the benefits conferred by the sys-
tem embracing so many of the more showy
branches, in which but a modicum of learning
is likely to bo obtained.
In this age of invention and progress, it is
quite natural there should be not a few new
theories and schemes of education ; most of
them better adapted to chime in with the
popularadmiration of labor-saving machinery,
I than to secure and strengthen the foundation
'on which all effective knowledge must rest.
I No doubt there have been improvements
I made, in modern time, in the art of teaching,
and there are appliances introduced into the
school-room for facilitating the imparling of
knowledge, both by books and apparatus,
which contribute directly to the end in view.
; But the modern schemes of school-instruction
are too generally infected with the spirit of
" learning made easy ;" with disregarding the
old-fashioned practice of hard work in the
study room, and of beginning by completely
mastering the first principlesof comparatively
few of the more important branches ; in order
to substitute therefor, dabbling in the ele-
ments of various departments of literature
and science, and thus giving the appearance
of great educational achievements by both
master and scholar.
Wo think it does not require unusual op-
portunities or powers of observation, to dis-
cover that it is much too common an evil
among those who have grown up, or are now
growing up under the influence of our public
school training, toignoreordiscard the opinion
that success is to be attained by " the sweat
of the face," and therefore that patience and
perseverance in toil, whether mental or physi-
cal, become a dut}', and that by them only
can intellectual development and fair culture
be carried out.
But it is not alone in the irreparable loss
sustained from not properly drawing out and
applying the mental faculties during the for-
mative season of youth, and the consequent
shallowness of literary or scientific knowledge
attained, that the defects in the " public
school" training manifest themselves ; the
evil results are not all left behind in the
school-room. With the smattering obtained
in what are called the higher branches of
learning, it is not unusual to meet with those
about to enter on the active duties of life, in-
flated with the notion that the^' must not be-
little themselves bj' engaging in occupations
which require hard work ; that they are fitted
to move above what they are pleased to look
on as the grovelling efforts of daily routine
toil, and — if they engage in any fixed employ-
ment— they must take a position where their
lime and abilities will not be too much en-
croached on, to prevent due attention to self
and its imperious demands. With far too
man}', their pupilage has impressed them with
the erroneous belief that success does not
generally require close attention and weary-
ing efforts ; and they shrink from the task of
searching out, by application and diligence,
the first principles of whatever they ought,
or may desire to know, and of overcoming
the difficulties that may present by patient
study and reflection. In other words, they
are still ignorant that labor, though not de-
sirable in itself, is to be cheerfully undergone
for the fruit it produces.
What can compensate for the loss sustained
by the absence of all religious instruction in
these schools, and the hurtful bias given to
the immature mind of the scholar, by know-
ing that this kind of instruction is banished,
because of disagreement about form, and the
belief that the whole subject may be safely
discarded? Are the parents themselves suf-
ficiently alive to the duty of early instilling
into the minds of their children correct re-
ligious principles, togivestability andstrength
in the after-battle of life? Where the men-
tal training is defective, the absence of all
attempt to imbue the mind of the child with
reverence for religion and the course of con-
duct it enjoins, adds greatly to the unhappi-
ness of the loss sustained.
Even where the disposition has been fostered,
or the habit formed of depending on short
and easy methods of acquiring knowledge,
which though superficial may pass for in-
i56
THE FRIEND.
tcHoetuiil cleverness, sound religious priuci-
]ilesniayovercoiQeaversion to exei-tion, stimu-
late to vigorous efforts to unravel primary
principles, to understand how to apply them,
and the result of their correct application.
Well is it where such is the case. It induces
willingness to enter with alacrity on the toils
and perplexities of life, and brightens the
future with the prospect of success ; labor is
cheorfull}' endured not because it becomes
agreeable or amusing, but from the convic
tion that in the present state of the world,
nothing great or good caa be attained with-
out it.
We cannot but think there are radical de-
fects in what may be called the educational
administration of our "public schools;" and
it might not be unworthy of close examina
tion, as they have been in operation long
enough to produce a decided influence on tlie
community receiving educaiion in them, and
that influence to re act on those delegated to
carry the system into practical effect, whether
those defects are not showing their hurtful
character, in many of the disreputable phe-
momena that mark so many actors in the social,
civil, official and political world immediately
around us. It is admitted that in the city a
low state of morals pervades large numbers
of the pupils, and it is a sorrowful reflection
that any Friend can be willing to allow his
child to mingle with them.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — The report of the Life Saving Ser-
vice, for the year 1S77-8, makes a very good reUirn.
The most thoroughly guarded coasts, those of Rhode
Island, Long Island and New Jersey, although the
scenes of many wrecks, show a clean record as to lives
lost : the 406 persons on board of wrecked vessels hav-
ing all been saved. There were thirty-five wrecks on
the coast of New Jersey, involving property valued at
over half a million dollars, — three-fourths of which
was saved. In all the districts (including the lakes)
there were 171 disasters to vessels, having on board
1557 persons, of whom 1331 were saved. Of the lost
185 were on board the Huron and Metropolis, wrecked
on the coast of North Carolina. The entire expendi-
tures of this service for the year 1878, was about $225,-
000, the value of property saved is estimated above
$1,000,000.
The Cape Ann Advertiser, of Gloucester, Mass., states
that thirteen vessels are supposed to have been lost in
the storms of last month, carrying with them 143 men,
and causing 53 widows, and 137 orphans. The total
capacity of the vessels lost is 8,358 tons, and their value
$50,000.
The remains of Bayard Taylor, U. 8. Minister to
Berlin, arrived in New York on the 14th, and were in-
terred near Kennett Square, Pa., on the 15th inst.
Tlie Mahoning powder works, near Danville, Pa.,
were destroyed by an explosion ; three lives were lost.
It is stated there are in the South 1,579,097 negro
children of school age. Of this number the schools
reach 600,000.
The San Francisco Bulletin says, that the total ar-
rivals of Chinese at that port, in 1878, were 6,675, the
departures 6,071. The excitement in San Francisco on
account of the President's veto of the Chinese bill, ap-
pears less than was first reported ; it is said his action
has the approval of many of the better class of citizens.
■Destructive prairie fires have occurred in Southern
Dakota, along the line of the Dakota Southern Railroad,
telegraphic communication has been stopped by the
burning of the telegraph poles, and several villages are
in danger.
The report of the pork-packing operations in Chicago
for the year ending 1st inst., gives the whole number of
hogs packed 4,911,913. Of these 1,968,798 were sum-
mer, and 2,943,115 were winter packed.
Reports received in Chicago from all points in the
wheat growing districts of west and north-west, indicate
a yield of 30,000,000 bushels, against 27,000,000 last
year.
There were 384 deaths in Philadelphia during the
past week. Of these 48 were from consumption ; con-
vulsions 13; debility 11 ; diphtheria 5; disease of Ihe
heart 10 ; scarlet fever 12 ; inflammation of the lungs 30.
The total tonnage of anthracite coal from all the re-
gions for the week ending on the 8th inst., amounted to
441,435 tons, against 297,965 tons in corresponding
week last year. Notwithstanding the increased demand
for coal, prices seem on the decline ; 50,000 tons \
sold at auction during the week at prices averaging
$2.35 per ton, which is 7^ cts. below previous sale, and
$1.08.V below corresponding sales last year.
Markets, Ac— U. S. sixes, 1881, 106i ; do. 5's, 104| ;
4J's, registered, 104 J; coupon, 105; 4's^ registered, 99} ;
do. coupon, lOOj; 5-20s, 1867, 102|; do. 1868, 102|.
Cotton. — There was a fair business and prices were
steady. Sales of middlings at 9J a lOJ per lb. for up-
lands and New Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 8 a 8} cts. in barrels, and standard
white, 9| a 9i cts. for export, and 11 a Hi cts. per
gallon for home use. Other oils are quoted steady.
Yellow cotton seed, 41} cts. ; Lard, 55 a 56 cts. ; Li
seed, 61 a 62 cts. for American seed, and 62 a 63 cts, for
Calcutta seed, from crushers' hands.
Grain. — Wheat .active and half cent, per bushel
higher— red, $1.12J, and amber, <1.14 a $1.15. Corn,
42 a 45 cts. Oats, mixed, 33 a 33^ cts., and white, 34
a 35 cts.
Seeds— Clover 6 a 6i cts. per lb. Timothy, $1.45 a
$1.65 per bushel.
Flour.— Medium $4.50, good $5, and fancy $5.50.
Patent and other high grades +6.50 a $8. Rye flour,
$2.75 a $2.87J. Corn meal, $2.50.
Hay and Straw. — Average price during the week for
prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts. per 100 pounds; mixed, 45
a 55 cts. ; straw, 65 a 75 cts. per 100 pounds.
Cattle market dull, but prices a fraction higher: 2600
head sold at Z\ a 6 j cts. per Ih. as to quality. Sheep,
4 a 5J cts. per lb. Hogs, 6 a 6J cts. per lb. as to <
dition.
Foreign.— The Duke of Connaught, third son of
Queen Victoria, was married on the 13th inst. to the
princess Louise Margaret Alexandria Victoria, youngest
daughter of Prince Frederick Charles, of Prussia.
The Viceroy of India says, the British garrison in
Burm.ah has been reinforced. The British resident at
Mandalay has reported that warlike preparations are
making, and that the Burmese are strengthening the
river ports. It is thought early mischief is intended,
and altogether the position of affairs is precarious.
The Daily News' correspondent at Capetown says ;
" The reinforcements are anxiously awaited. There
are symptoms of native hostility in all directions."
The present boundary of the northwestern provinces
of British India was established twenty-eight years ago,
during which period there have been nineteen British
expeditions to control the neighboring inhabitants, re-
quiring the employment of 60,000 men.
The Pall Mail Giaette says, a private letter from a
high Indian oflScial states that the people of Cashmare
are dying of famine, and that at the present rate of mor-
tality, the province will be nearly depopulated by the
end of the year.
France. — In the "Chamber of Deputies," on the 13th,
the proposition for impeachment was rejected by a vote
of 317 to 159. An order was then passed by a vote of
240 yeas to 154 nays, that the DeBroglie and Rochebouet
cabinets, by their culpable schemes, betrayed the Gov-
ernmient they should have served. The Chamber ac-
cordingly delivers them over to the judgment of the
nation, and orders that the foregoing resolution be
pUacarded in every commune in France.
The director of the postal telegraph service in France
has been made a member of the cabinet, and placed on
the same footing as the Postmaster-General of the
British Government.
It is stated that the TarilT Commission of Germany
has resolved to increase the duties on rice and meat,
which are now IJ miirks for each, to two marks for
rice and three marks for meat. The duty on meat is
increased with a view to restricting American imports.
The usual number of men employed upon the Sf aveng-
ing of the streets of Berlin, is 700. But during the first
month of this year, it was necessary to supplement the
regular staff by a corps of about 1400 assistants, in order
to clear away the snow. Over 100,000 cart loads of snow
were carried away, and yet a number of the streets re-
mained impassable.
During the past week Hungary has been visited by
a severe storm, which produced a great flood in the
river Theiss. On the night of the 12th, dykes above the
town of Szegedin gave way and the town was almost
entirely destroyed. It is oSicially reported that of 9,700
houses in Szegedin, all except 261 have been destroyed.
The lowest estimate now current fi.tes the number of
drowned at 2000. The town being lower than the river.
the water falls very slowly — 16,000 horses and <[
and 90,000 sheep have been lost. i
The mortality statistics of St. Petersburg durin
past week, show that typhus has increased in vinil |
Spotted typhus is also prevalent, and it is said
have been two fatal cases of the Siberian plague.
In the annual report of exports and imports of
den, for 1878, it is stated the imports of cotton
chinery and tools, sugar, tobacco, pork and coal,
decreased. The importation of leather from Am
has increased. Of exports there is an increase of sp
fish, cheese, butter, cattle, iron, and copper. H
manufactures generally have decreased, as show
the diminution in the consumption of coal and col
From comparative tables of the Imports and ex|
of Japan for the past ten years, it appears thert
balance in favor of imports of over $55,000,000.
only two years, 1868 and 1876, were the exports ir
cess of imports. The years 1877-78, show the lai
aggregate foreign trade. The average rate of duty
lected on imports by Japan is only four per cent.
The new Canadian tariff bill was passed by
Dominion Parliament on the night of the 14lh, ar
once became a law. The diflTerent items, however,
come up for consideration with the budget, and
be amended. The tariff changes are expected to n
in an additional revenue of $2,200,000. The new (
seems to be approved by the majority of the Canad
It will chiefly affect American productions.
WESTIOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Stated Meeting of the Committee having ch
of the Boarding School at Westtown, will be he!
Philadelphia, on Sixth-day, 28th inst., at 10 A. M.
The Committee on Admissions will meet the i
day at 9 A. M., and the Committee on Instructic
2.30 p. M.
The Visiting Committee, appointed to attend
examination at the School, meet there on Second-
evening, 24th inst. For the accommodation of
committee, conveyances will be at the Street I
Station on the 24th inst., to meet the trains that h
the city at 2.30 p. M., and 4.40 P. M.
Samuel Morris,
Philada., 3d mo. 17th, 1879. Cler.
TRACT ASSOCIATION OF FRIENDS.
The annual meeting will be held on Fourth-day e\
ing, the 26tli instant, at 8 o'clock. Friends gener;
E. Maris,
Clerl
invited to attend.
3d month, 1879.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Nurse is wanted for the Boy.s' Department,
enter on her duties at the beginning of the Sumo
.session. Application may be made to
Anna V. Edge, Downlngtown, Chester Co., P
Susanna F. Sharpless, Street Road, " "
Djborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, New Jersey.
Elizabeth R. Evans, 322 Union St., Philada.
Married, at Friends' meeting-house, AVest Chest-
Penna., 3d mo. 6th, 1879, John M. Sager, of Birmiii
ham, Pa., to Mary E. Woodward, of the former pla
, on the 13th instant, at Friends' m
house. West Chester, Penna., John E. Carter
Fannie W., daughter of Mary E. and the lateRicha'
Pirn. 1
Died, at his residence, near Onarga, Illinois, on t'
19th of 2nd mo. 1879, Jesse Evans, aged seventy yeai
a member of Stanton Monthly Meeting of Friends. A
believe his end was peace.
, at his residence in Burlington, N. J., on t
7th of 2nd mo. 1879, Robert Thomas, a beloved me
her and elder of Burlington Monthly and Particu.
Meeting, in the 85th year of his age. Favored in a ;
markable degree to retain full possession of both 1
mental and bodily powers to this great age, his usefi
ne.ss ceased only with his life. Sincere in his attac
ment to tiie principles of the gospel as held by Frienc
and firm in maintaining them, both by precept and e
ample, he bore a faithful testimony against every d
parture from them. While we realize that his dea
leaves a sad vacancy in the several positions he fill
so long and acceptably in the church, we doubt not th
with him all is well, and that having fought " the gO(
fight of faith" through many tribulations, he has hea
the welcome bmgiiage, " Well done I good and faithf
servant, enter llnm into (be joy of thy Lord."
^wTlij AM 11. i>ile,''pri'nter^
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
70L. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, THIRD MONTH 29, 1879.
NO. 33.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
S'lbicriptious and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
flO. 116 SORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For " The Friend."
Incidcnls and Rcflectioa.s.— No. 19.
l'LAINNE.SS.
facob Green, an Irish Friend, who nearly
ty years ago paid a very acceptable visit
America, as a minister, related on one oc-
lion, that when he was a young man, before
had joined our religious .Socit^tv, he entered
jraveyard, where he beheld the skeleton
a human being. This made so deep an im-
jssion on his mind that he never after felt
( least inclination to adorn his person,
rhotnus Story relates, that when he was
Cork, in Ireland, in the year 1716, " It
ng the lime of the As-tizes, many of the
fher rank were in town on that occasion,
d divers of ourfriends being acquainted with
reral of them, one day came to mj^ friend
hii Pike's to dinner, the young Countess of
Idare, and her maiden sister, and three
)re of lesser quality of the gentry. Upon
occasion we had some free and open con-
rsation together, in which this lady and the
ft commended the plain dress of our women,
the most decent and comely, wishing it
re in fashion among them. Upon this I
d lur, ' That she and the rest of her qualit}',
indingin placesof eminence, were the fittest
begin it, especially since they saw a beauty
it ; and they would be sooner followed tlian
38e of lower degree.' To this she replied,
[■ we should dress ourselves plain, people
)uld gaze at us, call us Quakers, and make
the subject of their discourse and town-
k ; and we cannot boar to be made so par-
ular.'
'■ I answered, ' The cause is so good, being
at of ti'uth and virtue, if you will espouse
heartily upon its just foundation, a few of
u would dash out of countenance, with a
iady and fi.xed gravity, abundance of the
her side, who have no bottom but the vain
stoms of the times; and you will find a
lisfaction in it, an overbalance to all 3'ou
lose, since the works of virtueand modestj'
ry in them an immediate and perpetual
ward to the worker.' This seemed not un-
asant, being said in an open freedom ; but
en, alas ! all was quenched by this ; they all
them alleged, ' That our own young women
an}' note, about London and Bristol, went as
e as they, with the finest of silks and laced
; and when they went to Bath, made as
eat a show as any.' Not knowing but some
rticulars might give too much occasion for
is allegation, it was a little quenching; but,
with some presence of mind, I replied, ' I have
been lately at London and Bristol, and also
at the Bath, and have not observed anj'such ;
but at all these three places generallj' indif
ferent ])lain, and many of them, even of the
younger sort, very well on that account. But
such among us who take such liberties, go
beside their profession, and are no e.xamples
of virtue, but a dishonor and reproach to our
profession, and a daily and perpetual exercise
to us; and I hope you will not look at the
worst, since, amongst us everywhere, j'ou
may find better and more general examples
of virtue and plainness.' "
When Thomas Story was in America, he
had a meeting in the year 1699, at Mispillion,
in Delaware. Hero he met with a man named
Joseph Booth, who asked him many questions
on religious subjects, all of which were an-
swered to his satisfaction ; and after the meet-
ng, he expressed his full convineement in
viiat he had heard. "But," says T.Story,
• 1 found he stuck at the ci-oss ; he could not
submit to the plain language of thou and thee
to a single person, nor become unmodish in
keeping on the hat, and declining the custom-
ary waj-s of address, nor break off that heath-
enish custom of calling the days and months
by the names of their imaginary gods ; which
he thought too low for matters of religion ;
concerning all which we discovered next
morning, as he -set us on our way ; and in
some of these points he was better satisfied
before we parted. Yet the cross was hard for
him to boar in these small things; and why ?
Because submitting to the practice of them,
immediately subjects a man to all the scoffing
and contempt with which wo are treated by
the world at this day; noway agreeable to
the natural and carnal mind. And that which
rendered things harder to him was, the station
and character he supported in the vvorld ; for
ho was a justice of the peace, and the most
sober and knowing person in these parts."
The author of ■' The Church's Broken
Unity," a member of the Church of Eng-
land, of the ultra school, in his article on the
" Quakers," attributes their rapid spread i[i a
great measure to their peculiar testimonies.
He says: " To oppose the Church [of Eng-
land] tradition and antiquity, was nothing.
The Quakers did more. They opposed the
world also. In opposing the Church, they
would not in those daj's have suffered; but
when not only the customs of religion but the
customs of soeietj' also fell under their inter-
dict, when the common courtesies of life in
language and conversation were refused, and
the courts of law in demanding the oath of a
Christian man, set at naught ; then came such
a collision with all that was around them,
that persecution and suffering wore the im-
mediate results ; and with persecution and
suffering, their sure fruit, notoriety and in-
crease of numbers."
John Richardson bears this testimony as to
the effect of the work of the Holy Spirit on
his heart: "Whereas there had been an
aversion in me to the people called in scorn
Quakers, and also to their strict living and
demeanor, plainness of habit and language,
none of which I learned from them ; for when
the Lord changed my heart, he also changed
ray thoughts, words and ways; and there be-
came an aversion in me to vice, sin and vanity,
as there had been to the ways of virtue."
In the life of William Bray, the Cornish
miner, it is stated that ho liked those who
were converted "in and out," in allusion to
the excessive outward adorning of some, which
ho strongly condemned. In his public ad-
dresses, he sometimes referred to the artificial
flowers which many women wear, and would
saj', in his homely but striking style, "1
wouldn't mind your having a wagon-load of
them on your heads, if that would do you any
good ; but you know it wouldn't, and all per-
sons know that flowers grow in soft places."
At those favored seasons in the history of
the Church, when the Lord has been pleased
I remarkable manner to pour forth his
Spirit on the hearts of the people, and to cause
them to turn with sincerity and earnestness
to Him, the revival of true religion has been
accompanied with a corresponding simplicity
n life and dres-t, in accordance with the pre-
cepts of Holy Scripture. It was so with our
early Friends. Without any formal regula-
tions on the subject, they soon came to fool
that it was beneath the dignity of one whoso
affections were set on Heavenly things, to
follow the varying fashions of the day ; and
the plainness and simplicity they manifested
n their apparel as well as conduct, were the
egitimate fruits of their devotion to the cause
of Christ.
The early Methodists were also a plain, self-
denying people, and this was manifested in
their personal appearance, as well as in other
things. As their congregations have increas-
ed in wealth they have come more under the
influence of pride and fashion ; and their
places of worship are now often very expen-
sive and ornate structures, especially in the
large cities. This is greatly to be regretted,
as it evinces a decay of spirituality, and must
lessen the influence for good of that people.
The change that has taken place has affected
their dress, as well as their meeting-houses.
A few years since, as a Friend who was from
home on a religious visit, was standing at a
ferry in company with his companion, he was
accosted by a stranger who remarked that
he supposed they were ministers of the Gos-
pel, and that he also was one, though they
would not suppose it from his appearance.
He was a Methodist preacher, and ho further
said, that in former times a person would be
known to be a member of their Society by
his appearance, but now they had become
ashamed to bear this open testimony to re-
ligion in the face of the world.
Alas! of how many of our members must
it be acknowledged, that they too have " be-
158
THE FRIEND.
come asluuncd" of the iinmodish dr
Friends.
Tho writer was greatly interested some
months ago in meeting with an aged woman
of another religious profession, who was evi-
dently groon in old age. She informed us that
she had become deaf, and could hear nothing
save the still small voice in the inmost recesses
of her soul. She dressed much in tho manner
of a plain Friend of tho last generation ; and
some allusion being made to it in our inter-
coui-se (by means of a slate and pencil), she
said she had been asked whether she was a
(Quaker, and when she replied in the nega-
tive, the question was put, Why did she dress
so plainly ? To this she answered, that when
she yielded to the power of Divine Grace and
became a Christian, she took up the cross in
all things, dress as well as others.
For "The Friend,"
William Fianner.
The following reminiscence of that gifted
minister of the Gospel, was related by tho late
Jacob Albortson, of Plymouth, and may prove
interesting to some of the readers of " The
Friend."
" I remember William Fianner being at my
father's, when I was a lad of about eighteen.
At meeting that day he sat from 11 o'clock
to nearly one in solemn silence; when he
arose, keeping his hat in his hand, saying, I
have felt in this meeting the prevalence of a
spirit very hard to be reached ; so that I would
much rather undertake to cut down one of
tho loftiest cedars of Lebanon, or one of the
sturdiest oaks of Bashan, than to contend
with this lofty and self righteous spirit. He
then sat down and soon after broke up the
meeting.
"After dinner ho felt his way closed up. A
number of Friends being present, he asked
their sympathy and advice. The first they
freely accorded him ; but none of them were
willing to proffer him advice, except as one
said. It might be safer for him to lie bv until
more light was vouchsafed to him. William
said. If I must lie by, I would rather return
to Philadelphia for that purpose. I was then
requested to saddle and bring out the horses.
As soon as I had them ready, I went into the
house, and found Friends sitting together in
solemn silence, which was broken by William,
in asking if there was nota meeting of Friends
within ton or twelve miles in that direction,
pointing towards Providence. He was told
there was such an one. Then, said he, that
is the place to which I must now go.
"John Jacobs and father Livezey accom-
panied him to that meeting. Sometime after
I heard John Jacobs give an account of what
transpired therein. He said, William was
much shut up for a time, as he had been in
our meeting at Plymouth. But towards the
close of the meeting, he arose, saying, ' There
is a spirit among you, Friends, which has the
eye of an eagle; and which strikes with the
beak of a hawk. Some of you are much dis-
posed to carry your neighbor's faults in the
fore-end of the wallet; while you are very
careful to stow away all your own in the
hinder end of it.'
" He then was led to speak on the subject
of self-righteousness in such a close and power-
ful manner as to bow the hearts of the people
as the heart of one man, into much contrition
and brokenness. John said, I never shed
more tears in any one meeting than in this.
ofl "At Eichland, William's way was again
shut up ; but after a time of much conflict, he
pointed in a certain direction, and asked
there was not a family of Friends living
that direction ? When Friends queried how
far ho supposed that family lived, he said,
some five or six miles. Ho was then informed
there was a family residing about five miles
olf. ' My next business,' ho said, 'is there,'
It was a rather intricate road to their resi
dence ; but the Friends who accompanied him
said, that William led them by the most direct
road to the Friend's house to which he felt
himself drawn.
"He was here made instrumental in bring
ing up the woman Friend of the house out of
the very pit of despondency, in which she had
so long dwelt that she had not been to meet
ing for several years. It was not long after
this visit that this long sorely-tried one came
forth in the ministry, to the satisfaction of
her friends."
Tho Friend who transmitted to the writer
the foregoing narrative, and who has since
passed away from this state of existence, ac
companied it with some remarks, a part of
which are subjoined.
"Oh ! where are wo to look for a eueces
sion of such ministers?. Such servants of the
Lord as William Williams, Thomas Scatter
good, Jacob Lindley, Arthur Howell, Richard
Jordan, Christopher Healy, Ezra Comfort,
Kobert Section and a few others, all within
my own recollection, have no successors to
fill their places in the church in this day.
"There are indeed many youngerly men
who have gifts ; but not one that I know of
seems to bo prepared to take the place of
those anointed ones, who have been removed
from works to rewards.
" How long we are to be a declining people,
I am unable to see, but I much fear we are
not yet reduced to that littleness in our own
eyes to which we must be brought before we
will know, as a religious Society, that growth
in tho Truth which our fathers once know "
For "The Friend,
Coiivcr,sioii of the Indians.
Thomas Story, in his journal, thus gives his
views of the manner in which the conversion
of the Indian races to Christianity would be
effected :
" As to the conversion of the Indians of all,
or any nation and nations, to tho Truth, I be-
lieve the Lord will call them, after the power
of antichrist is overthrown ; but it seems to
mo, that learning, or the historical part of re-
ligion, or their own language (which is very
barren of pertinent words), will not bo much
instrumental in it ; but the Word of life, whose
divine and life-giving intellectual speech is
more certainly known in the mind, will ten-
der their hearts, in a silent state and retire-
ment, by means of some instruments that the
Lord will raise up and qualify for that pur-
pose ; who shall not confound them with a
long fruitless history of needless things. But
when the Lord shall send forth his Word, the
Light of the Gentiles, the quickening Spirit of
Jesus, into and upon any of them in holy
silence, or in prayer, their minds shall be di-
rected to the Spirit himself, as the present
object of their faith, obedience and love, and
author of their present joy and salvation ; and
so, believing in the Light shall becorao chil-
dren of that light and day of God, and heirs
of eternal life in Him. And then tho histories
in the Bible, the prophecicj of the Pii'j]
of God, and the fulfilling of them; thr <■
gelical account of the conception, binli,
doctrine, miracles, death, resurrection, as
sion, glorification, mediation, intercession,
judgment of Him, who is the substance o;
and that true Light which lighteth every
that Cometh into the world, will bo tho n
clearly received by the Indians, when
Almighty shall think fit to acquaint t!
therewith."
Tiioughts and Feelings.
DAYS OF FAMINE.
There is much instruction and consolal
conveyed in the promises of the Lord thro
his servant David : " They (the upright) s
not be ashamed in the evil time; and in
days of famine they shall be satisfied." J
again : " The eye of tho Lord is upon tl
that fear him, upon them that hope ii
mercy; to deliver their soul in death
to keep them alive in famine." Whih
righteous, or those who sincerely endea
to servo their Father in heaven, are by
means exempted from the vicissitudes ;
varied tribulations which ever attend
citizens of earth through this probation
pilgrimage, such are, nevertheless, under
special guardianship of Israel's tender Sh
herd, who sleepeth not by day nor slumber
by night; and who is ever watchful of I
dependent servants and children, to feed th
with food convenient for them, and to k(
them alive in famine: — seasons when He
Beloved of souls, for the trial of their fai
patience, and allegiance, sees meet to w
draw himself from them.
IIow trifling, comparatively, and "but
a moment," are all the exercises of spirit,
trials of faith, the days of want, the provin,
tho fastings, the baptisms, that the chasteni
meek, and lowly disciple — yet one who " hof
n His mercy" — may have to endure, if t
eye of the Omniscient is but upon them "
deliver their soul from death and to ke
them alive in famine!" What matter if th'
feel as lonely sparrows upon the housetop,
f they have to "stand cuntinually upon tl
watchtower in the day time," or to sit in the
ward whole nights?" What even, should
be their lot spiritually, with faith-tried on
of old, to be " destitute, afflicted, tormented
t, at the end of the race, the crown of victoi
he but obtained ? " Who (or what) writes tt
apostle, shall separate us from tho love ij
Christ ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or pe'
socution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, (i
word ?" "Nay," be continues, " in all thei.
things we are more than conquerors throu|!i
him that loved us. For I am persuaded th;
neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor princ
palities, nor powers, nor things pr^-sent, nc
things to come, nor height, nor depth, n(
any other creature, shall be able to separal
us from the love of God, which is in Chrii
Jesus our Lord."
How much is embraced in the words, "Moi
than conquerors. /Arou(//i Himt\vAl loved us!
Oh ! the exceeding riches of His grace an
mercy! Oh! the invincible power of Hi
llimitable majestj' and might! Oh! the pn
cious parental nearness of the High Priest c
our profession, and Captain of our salvation
Oh ! how He makes willing and obedient
IIow He gives to will, and to do, and to suft'e
for his blessed name's sake ! How He lead
THE FRIEND.
259
,imes into green pastures beside tlie still
ers! How lie preserves through every
jensation of his providence, whether it l>e^
chastenings of His love, the corrections of
rod, or the support and consolations of
. staff! How in and over all, He makes
sfied in famine 1 How He, in every con-
;, strengthens to endure '■ as seeing Him
n is invisible!"
With all the tribulations, crosses, bap-
08, sufferings, persecutions, perils, or even
iath's oft," that the followers of a world-
eified, yet risen and glorified Lord Jesus
y have to endure, how exceedingly sur-
ging all the pleasures and fascinations of
th, are his or her enjoyments whose affec-
18 are set upon a King immortal, invisible ;
ose hopes are upon a kingdom which can-
be moved ; whose treasure is laid up in a
tehouse that neither moth, nor robber, nor
iler can ever invade. What encourage
nt in that scripture, "Eye hath not seen,
;■ ear beard, neither have entered into the
irt of man, the things which God hath pre-
yed for them that love him." On the other
id, one unanswerable argument against in-
jgence in the vanities of the world and the
ktifications of time and sense is, that while
r unsatisfying to a quickened and immortal
rst, as the waters of Jacob's well became
the Samaritan woman after talking with
HIS, t-hoy at the same time with all their
ractiveness and adaptation to the carnal
nd and heart, can, at the longest, last but
this brief and very uncertain span of exist
e. While, and how calculated to strike
irm and consternation into every pleasnro-
ring and world-enamoured heart, are the
emn words of the apostle: "Whatsoever
pnan soweth, that shall he also reap. For
that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh
ap corruption," &c. Alas! what will thou
when the Bridegroom and Comforter may
withdraw himself for the exercise of your
faith and love to Him. But remembering
the promise of the Most High to them that
hope in his mercy, even "To deliver their
soul from death, and to keep them alive in
famine," may you put on fresh hope and
strength, and, through the power of the
Eternal, press after the prize immortal— the
one thing needful — " the fulness of the bless-
ng of the gospel of Christ."
For " The Friend "
William Bayly.
(Contiuned from pat;e 253.)
He continued in the army until his com
pany was disbanded ; about which time, he
says, " I was so smitten by God's witness, th'
Light in my conscience, that I began to leave
off my swearing, &c., and my profane com
pany became even loathsome and burdensome
unto me; and I never swore an oath from
that time to this day, which is about ten
years ago. So at length I became a little
zealous "o hear the priests, and began to look
into the scriptures to get them to talk of, as
many profane ones do now, to make a cover-
ing; and then 1 thought I must be guided by
the priests, who had the learning and the
tongues, which they called the original, not
knowing then that their original began a'
Babel, where God confounded the languages,
" So for a season, these merchants of Baby
Ion I traded with, receiving and buying their
wares, hoping it had been good, durable stuff
I had got of them, being it was prized so
high ; and people cried, ' They had the origi
nal, and could give the meanings of the Scrip
tures and none else.'
"At length something in me began to be
more and more awakened, and hungered after
true bread, yet thought I should be still fed
■ "• '' • " ^ ^ starved
[nds of worlds be to us if, at the great reck- [at their table, and did, until I was near
ing the door be shut against us, and heaven's with the husks that the sw.ne d.d eat , for a
srnul joys be lost? " What shall it profit
an, if he shall gain the whole world, and
36 his own soul? or what shall a man give
exchange for his soul?"
It is the earnest solicitude coupled with the
. ..rring word in me was. Give me food or else
I perish; and I went to hear them even with
tears for hunger many times, until I perceived
they spake not out of the mouth of the Lord
the word of life, the true bread that came
It 18 lheearnestsoncuuuecuupi^;u vm^u .;"v.p.... ..■^■. , „h.h;o,1 nnH
nder sympathy of the writer, that the poor down from Heaven ; b"t had studied and
spirit, the^mourners, the humble, the bowed patched up something from ^Je Smptures
,wn aid often discouraged and feeble little without them, mixing the.r meanings and
, might be animated to hold on their de- Babylonish wisdom and serpent subt.lty
'ndent prayerful way in patience, and in with it, and bid us ' Hear the word of God.
th and^faithfulness.'^Has' not th^ Lord's|And so we looked for l^gh^ba behold dark-
thtandtruthshinedupon and been received jness and du.st we were fed with and tba
' you ? so that ye have been enabled to enter was made sad in me by them which the Lo.d
^o covenant with Him, and to take-it may God proclaimed joy and liberty to
■ - ■■ ' 'And this lean truly say and do testily
lem to yourselves— apparently feeble, yet
iraight steps in the narrow way of His cross
ading unto the eternal crown? Have ye
3t at seasons had to rejoice for the help ex-
indod from the sanctuary, even the light of
16 Redeemer's countenance ? Have ye not
der a fresh feeling of his love and mercy,
sen helped to say, " Whom have I in heaven
Qt Thee? and there is none upon earth that
desire besides Thee." And again, "I love
he Lord, because he hath heard the voice of
ly supplications. Because he hath inclined
is ear unto me, therefore will I call upon
im as long as I live." If thus ye have been
rjfresh anointed, at times, to see of the things
hich belong to your peace; to set up the
Ebenezer" with the thankful acknowledg-
!|aent, "Hitherto the Lord hath helped ;" let
ot your hands hang down, nor your souls
lint in the day of adversity, or in the day
n the Lord ; that when a true hunger and
thirst in me did arise after the living God, it
was often hurt, darkened and spoiled by the
earthly wisdom, philosophy and vain deceit,
which came out of the priests' mouth, which
beguiled me of my reward, drawing out niy
mind from the pure measure of God within,
insomuch that the simple, honest and meek
principle which stirred in rae was weary to
hear them any longer.
"So, in those days my soul was awakened
by the witness of God, feeling the burden of
sin, and was often afraid of death and misery
without end, but knew not how to get out
from under the power of sin and death, nor
to escape the wrath to come, being ignorant
of Him that saveth from it, which is Christ,
the Power of God, that lighteth every man
which Cometh into the world, which con
demns sin in the flesh. But now 1 see, that
people perish for lack of knowledge, and tha'.
the leaders of the people cause them to err,
and they that are led of them are destroyed.
For nothing will help or satisfy the longing
soul immortal, but the eternal true bread ot
life, the Power of God, which He giveth to as
many as receive Him, that condemns for sin
and destroys the works of the devil.
Having in measure begun to leave the
priests, I kept at home, not desiring for a
season to hear any, but to be private and
quite alone, which was a great cross to my
parents, wife and relations. I found it hard
to break the customs that I had lived in, and
to become contrary to all my neighbors and
acquaintance, and to lose the love of them
all. But i n the midst of my trials and tempta-
tions within and without, a word was very
nigh me, even in my heart, though I then
knew not what it was, saying, 'Seek first the
kingdom of God, and mind eternal life.' Some-
times my heart was broken and melted by
the power of the Word of life, which I felt
therein hammering down the hardness there-
of, and rending the vail that separated me
from peace with God; not knowing [it was]
Christ within the hope of Glory, which light-
eth every man that coraeth into the world,
whose name is called the Word of God, the
Lamb slain from the foundation of the world,
the Holy One in the midst, whom my soul
lovetb, which hath been pierced, wounded,
and as it were slain by that which was against
the soul, but now is Lord of lords and King
of kings.
" Now in those days, when I had ever re-
solved never to hear the priests, as to be a
follower of them any more, yet being out ot
my outward employment, and tor tear ot
losing all, I, through persuasions of the ser-
pent within, and of others without, did hear
them a>rain, lest I should anger them who had
intent to employ me and prefer me; but i
was terribly judged and condemned by God s
witness in mo, which before had let me see
the deceit of the priests, and the vanity and
error of their worship and ways. .So in pro-
cess of time I went into France, two smal
voya<'es, where having time, the serpent led
out ray mind wholly to delight in the art of
arithmetic and the study and practice of
navigation, which I saw I might in short
time attain (being acquainted with number-
[na which is the ground of many arts,) which
things took me up into an exceeding high
mountain, showing glorious promises of the
preferment, riches and love ot the world, and
respect among men. The spirit of the worid
I let in again like a flood (whose foundation
had been in some measure shaken, and the
earth that lay upon the precious seed renjoved
by the power of God), and gross darkness
again covered my soul, and veiled its li e and
peace from it, which formerly it had felt and
breathed after. Yet in that time I was in
France I was so much in the fear ot God
kept, by his pure witness, the Light in my
conscience, which showed me sin and evil,
that I dared not act such wickedness as tho
Tempter would have led mo to. After a
while when I was in the midst of my vain
thouo-'hts and imaginations, how to build great
things in tbe earto i^uo uui.uu.^ ,.^,.,^^-^...^„
and honorable therein, to obtain the friend-
ship of the worid and praise of men,) a sudden
stop like a cloud came upon it all, and I was
struck with a still silence in my mind, where-
260
THE FRIEND.
ii) I saw that I striked and wearied myself
for eyery vanity that would perish with the
using, and that I like a fool might leave them
in till) midst of my days. So, us I gave heed
to that which let rao see these things to be
but as a shadow, and that it was folly so
eagerly to pursue that which made themselves
wings, and thereby to be beguiled of an eter-
nal crown of rest to my immortal soul; my
former condition came fresh into my remem-
brance, and I began to be troubled and con-
demned in myself.
"Then not knowing what to do for life, I
went among the people called Baptists. Yet
I was no more bettered nor satisfied by the
water, after I came to God's witness in me in
the cool of the day. I had no true peace,
when all was performed and done by which I
thought to obtain. So, after a season, in this
my breathing and longing condition, it hap-
pened that I heard a book read of the suffer-
ings of some of the people of God (who were
called Quakers) in a dungeon at Suesham,
whose name and sufferings were strange to
me at that time; yet, at the hearing of it,
something in me did arise, with much tender-
ness and pity toward the innocent, suffering
people, which drew tears from mine eyes, be-
lieving that they did suffer for conscience
sake; and the same thing in me even said,
' That God would avenge them on the bloody
persecutors (which hath been performed by
his mighty hand of power on some of them,
even to the cutting them oft' the earth, as
briars and thorns for the fire); but did not
know all this time what it was that let me
see these things, and knew not light from
darkness, as is the state of thousands who
profess Christ (as I did in words).
"But not long after came one, a minister
of the Word of life, and preached to the spirit
in prison, which rejoiced much at the sound
of his words, to which I gave diligent heed,
and was eternally convinced, that it was the
very truth he declared, and that there is no
other way to know God (or to be saved), but
as I walked in the Light which I was lighted
withal, which did let mo see all ray ungodly
deeds and hard speeches, that ever 1 had
committed; which light comes from Christ
the Saviour, and leads all that follow it out of
the evil that is in the world unto Him that
was before the world was, by whom it was
made.
"So, as to the true Light in ray heart my
mind was turned, many scriptures came fresh
unto me, confirming the truth of which he
spoke, and the power of the Word in my
heart began to stir and work, and condemua
written in the heart, to which I should have
kept and been faithful. I joined again with
them in more zeal than before, and encouraged
others to follow their strong imaginations
from the letter of scripture looking for a
Saviour without us, though the Scripture
saith 'Christ within the hope of glory;' and
'Know j'e nob that Christ is in you, except
ye be reprobates,' &c.
" When I, being unsatisfied, came from the
Baptists again, resolved with purpose of heart
to wait on the Lord, whatever became of all
the world, their glory, profession or enraity,
for a word was powerful in me (seek first the
kingdom of God) to which 1 gave heed, and
turned my mind again to the Light which
had checked rae for sin from my childhood ;
all that ever I had acted or spoken out of the
Light was judged, cursed and condemned,
until Zion [was] redeemed with judgment.
" Therefore all people upon earth, turn your
minds to the Light wherewith you are en-
lightened by Christ Jesus the Saviour. This
is He who hath led rao out of the world
through great tribulations, unto the good land
of rest; glory to Him that sits upon the throne
and unto the Lamb forever and ever!"
(To be continued.)
" FAITH.'
aplaining, on his bed
Selected.
EestlesR, and oft i
Tosised a fair child, as burned along his veins
The fire of fever with consuming pains ;
And ever and anon he raised his head
From the hot pillow, and beseeching said —
" Water ; oh, give rae water!" By his side
The healer stood, and tenderly replied —
" Wait yet awhile — this potion take instead."
" No," cried the child — "'tis poison and will kill !"
His father took the cup — " My son, be sure
This is a nauseons dranght; but it may cure —
Will ray boy drink it ?" Then said he, " I will—
I'm not afraid 'tis poison now — I know
Thou would'st not give it, father, were it so."
Oh, trusting childhood ! I would learn of thee
This lesson of pure Faith, and to my heart
So bind it that it never raay depart —
Therefore shalt thoii henceforth ray teacher be ;
For in thy perfect trust the sin I see
Of our own doubts and fears. The cup of Life
Drugged with the bitterness of tears and strife
Shall I not drink it when 'tis proffered me ?
Yes — for 'tis mingled by a Father's hand
And given in love — for, rightly understood.
Trials and pains tend ever to our good.
Healing the soul that for the better land
Thirsts with a deathless longing! Welcome pain,
Whose end is bliss and everlasting gain !
The same everlasting power which pre
served the righteous in all past ages out of
evil, and from falling into temptations, is now
revealed and witnessed in this our day and
tion was administered upon all my former age. Therefore it is a blessed thing to be
profession. I was made to weep and lament, truly acquainted with this power, and always
seeing all the religion in the world to be but to live in the sense of it; for it is possible for
people to come to the knowledge of this power,
a fading leaf without the pure life and power
of God, which saveth from sin and brings into
unity with Him ; so that I could no longer be
satisfied nor live in a talk of God and Christ,
and not enjoy the eternal rest, even the sin-
cere milk of the immortal Word of life, which
my soul breathed after, even from a child,
though I knew not what it was, nor where to
find it. But in this ray troubled condition
many Baptists followed day and night to per-
suade me out of it, looking upon rae to be
deluded, telling rae, that 1 was fallen from
grace and was bccorae under the law, and
and make a profession of it, and witness sal-
vation and redemption by it, in a great mea-
sure ; yet, if they wait not low in their rainds.
till it has fully wrought the work of salvation
and redemption in them, or wholly' brought
every thought and imagination into the obe-
dience of Christ, subdued their own wills and
selfish spirit, and known self made of no repu-
tation and nailed to the cross ; I say, without
this, they may fall into the snare of the devil
again, be captivated and led into temptation
again ; for it is about such the tempter and
laking the blood of Christ of none effect: destroyer goes, like a roaring lion seeking to
who by their many words drew out ray mind devour, even those, out of whom he hath been
from God's witness in me, and from the law, cast and dispossessed. It is written, "He
rules in the hearts of the children of disobt
ence." He needs not go about such, be
got within them : there he is on his thro
But it is about the righteous, out of wh
he hath been cast, he goetb, who are redeen
from under his power, and translated out
his kingdom; it is against such he appoa
not only like a roaring lion, but as a sub
serpent, and angel of light. — William Shew
Rcwartl of Truth Telling.
Employed by a large commission firm
New York city, during the late civil war, w
a young man, to whom the following incid(
relates : —
The firm sent the young man to negotit
with a certain party for a large quantity
damaged beans. The beans were purchasi
delivered, and spread out upon the upper fie
of the buildingoccupied by thefirm. Men w(
emploj-ed to turn them over and over,
sprinkle them with a solution of soda, so
to improve their appearance and render the
more salable. A large lot of the first quali
of beans was then purchased ; some of t
good beans were first put into the b;i
then the barrels were nearly filled with t
poor ones; after this the good ones were ag£
put on the top, and the barrels headed up I
sale.
The employer marked the barrels " Bea
— A 1." The clerk, seeing this said: "I
you think, sir, that it is right to mark tho
beans A 1 ?"
The employer retorted, sharplj', " Arc yt
head of the firm ?"
Tho clerk said no more. The barrelini.
heading went on. When all was ready, tl
beans (many hundreds of barrels) wen
on the market for sale. Specimens of il
best quality were shown in the ofHce
buyers.
At length a shrewd purchaser came in (i
man so sharp in business but he will ofte
meet his equals), examined the sample in tli
office, inquired the price, and then wished
see the stock in bulk. The clerk was ordere
to go with the buyer to the upper loft an
show him the stock. An open barrel wf
shown, apparently of the same quality as th
sample. The buyer then said to the clerl-
"Young man, the sample of the beans show
me are of the first quality, and it is imposs
ble to purchase such beans anywhere in th
market for the price at which you offer then
There is some wrong here. Tell me, are thcs
beans the same quality throughout the barrc
as they appear on the top?"
The clerk now found himself in a Strang
position. He thought, "Shall I lie for
employer, as ho undoubtedly means I shall
or shall I tell the truth, come what will ?
He decided for the truth, and said, "No, sir
they are not."
" Then, said the customer, " I do not wan
them," and he left.
The clerk entered the oflice. The employe
said to him, "Did you sell that man thosi
beans?"
He said, " No, sir."
" Why not?"
" Well, sir, the man asked me if those beans
were of the same quality through tho entire
barrel as they appeared on toj). L told himi
they were not. He then said, ' I do not wanti
them,' and left." i
"Go to tho cashier," said the employer;
" and get your wages ; we want you no longer.' \
THE FRIEND.
261
8 received his paj- and left the office, re-
]g that he had not lied for the purpose of
filing the sordid avariciousness of a de-
ng and unprincipled employer,
iroe weeks after this the firm sent after
^foiing clerk, entreated him to come back
n into their employ, and offered him three
Ired dollars more salary per year than
had before given him; and thus was his
ifulness rewarded. The firm knew and
that the man was right, although they
apparently lost largely by his honesty.
y wished to have him again in their em-
, because they knew they could trust hira,4
never suffer through fraud or deception.
y knew that their financial interests would
ife in his ciistodj'. They respected, they
)red that young man.
ad thus we learn from this authentic
alive the power of truth ; how it puis to
b those who despise it; while it gives
al power, elevation and refinement to
e who practise it. — Little Gleaner.
Selected.
Testimonies to the Way to Salvation,
he epistle issued to our members by the
Ling for Sufferings of Philadelphia, in 7th
til "f 1827, designed to put them on their
d against the efforts then being made to
t a separation in the Society of Friends,
tes from William Penn to show what kind
eople the early Friends were, and goes on
ay:
Thus through unreserved obedience, and
in mere notion and profession, but havin
ly experienced the saving efiicacy of that
ht which lighteth every man that cometh
the world, they were prepared and sent
h to proclaim the mighty day of the Lord
tuin people from darkness to light, and
I the power of Satan unto God. ' They
t not forth or preached in their own time
and cunning to keep Christ out of our hearts,
and like the flaming sword turns every way
to keep the way of the Tree of Life.
The Apostle Paul exhorts Timothy to stir
up the gift that was in him, and if we would
have the gift of the Holy Ghost stirred up in
us, we must strive constantly and earnestly
gainst every unnecessary thought. " Ye have
not resisted unto blood, striving against sin,"
saith the apostle. This striving, wrestling,
and resisting of sin, and all the powers of
darkness, must be kept up till sin be slain,
keeping the eye of our mind steadily towards
God, tTll he graciously please to bind the
strong man, and our minds become the peace-
able habitation for God alone to dwell in.
And finally, I exhort you all to bo faithful
with all diligence, and in so di)ing (if you so
continue), I make no doubt God will bless you
with an increase of heavenly treasure, which
is the earnest desire of your sincere friend,
Joseph S.\mis.
For " Tlie Friend."
The Chinese in California.
[A subscriber to this journal, residing in
California, not a member of the Society of
tivc Friends were gathered ; by it they were
made quick of undei-standing in the fear of
the Lord, and wise in things pertaining to the
heavenly kingdom. It was this which opened
the Scriptures, and prepared them, from living
experience, to bear those precious and un-
changeable testimonies to the truths of the
Christian religion, which have exerted an ex-
tensive and salutary influence in the world."
An epistle of Philadelphia Meeting for Suf-
ferings, 8lh mo. 15th, 1834, thus refers to an
English work entitled " A Beacon to Friends."
" In one particular, it presents a perverted
view of the doctrine of this Yearly Meeting,
in saying, ' We unite with the Yearly Meet-
ing of Philadelphia in believing that the un-
scriptural notion of the Light within, being
the primary rule of faith and practice, lay at
the ver^' root of Hicksism ; and that the de-
preciation of the Scriptures (or as it was
artfully termed, setting them in their right
place,) followed as the baneful and inevitable
consequence.' "
"No such sentiment has been entertained
or promulgated by our Y^early Meeting ; on
the contrary, we have always held, firmly be-
lieved and fully stated in our several declara-
tions, that in the Word or Son of God, was Friends, has forwarded the following article,
life, and the same life was the light of men ;
and that He was the true Light which en-
lightens every man coming into the world ;
and therefore that men arc to believe in the
Light, that they may become the children of
the Light. That where the least degree or
measure of this Light and life of Christ with-
in is sincerely waited in, followed and obeyed,
there is a blessed increase of light and grace
hich we publish in the belief that the obser-
vations upon the conduct and character of
this people, as they have come under his no-
tice during a residence of ten years among
them, will be of interest to our readers. — Eds.]
"The Friend" of 2nd month 22d, reached
here in due time last night. I was pleased to
read the editorial therein on the Chinese ques-
tion, and thereby to find that Friends still
continue to stand firm in the defence of the
known and felt; as the path of the just, it
shines more and more until the perfect day ; Ipoor and the oppressed everywhere. "Blessed
and thereby a growing in grace, and in thejis he," saith David in the 41st Psalm, "that
knowledge of God, and of our Lord and Sa- considereth the poor." * * * " The Lord will
viour Jesus Christ, hath been and is truly preserve him and keep him alive, and Ae s/iaZi
experienced. That to follow this holy Light ie blessed upon the earth."
vill, but in the will of God; and spoke not I in the conscience, and to turn our minds, and ■"• ■ ^•
V own studied matter, but as the}' were bring all our deeds and thoughts to it, is th
ned and moved of His Spirit, with whicl:
y were well acquainted in their own con
ion.' ' The bent and stress of their min-
y was conversion to God, regeneration and
ness." And, as the blessed means pro-
id for this end, they directed people, ac-
ling to George Fox's own language, 'To
Divine Light, which Christ, the heavenly
spiritual man, enlighteneth them withal ;
, with that Light they might see their
, and that they were in death and dark-
3, and without God in the world, and might
' see Christ from whom it cometh, their
iour and Kedeemer, who shed His blood
died for them ; who is the way to God,
Truth and the Life;' 'their Mediator to
id peace between God and them; their
pherd to feed them, and their Prophet to
ih them.' "
n an epistle issued by Philadelphia Meet-
for Sufferings, 8th mo. 15th, 1834, to guard
members of Society against being en-
gled in the political commotions of the
•, occurs this passage :
We believe the call of the Lord to the
mbers of our religious Society is, to with-
w, in a greater degree, from the pursuit,
1 even from the desire of accumulating
alth — from the surfeiting cares and plea-
es of the world, its maxims and policy, and
serely to gather to the teachings and re-
rings of His Spirit, clearly made known in
heart. To this Divine Leader our prinii-
The first Chinese that I ever saw at work
was a gang of them on the railroad, near the
eadiest, nay the only right way, to have true, [summit of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, in
living and sanctifying faith in Christ, as He 1 1869; these men seemed to be the very em
ippeared in the flesh ; and to discern the
Lord's body, cominor and sufferings aright,
and to receive any real benefit by Him, as our
only sacrifice and Mediator. And in the year
1829, wo united with all the other Yearly
Meetings on this continent, in the testimony
that 'The Light of Christ in the heart, is an
unerring guide, and the primary rule of faith
and practice — that it is the only medium
through which we can truly and livingly at-
tain to the knowledge of G-od, and the mys-
teries of His heavenly kingdom."
For " The Frii
These lines were written by a man in New
Jersey that had read George Fox's Journal.
His feelings were so reached by it as to go to
a neighboring town, Newark, and inquire
where he should find the followers of George
Fox. They directed him to Hahway : he went
and sat with Friends three silent meetings,
returned home, and sent the following:
To the little flock of Christ in the town of Rah-
way, greeting.
There have fears arisen in my mind that
there are some who are unfaithful in the time
of your silent waiting before the Lord. There
is a careless silence which is easily attained ;
but the silence that God requires is attained
by great wrestling against every motion of
the enemy, wherein he strivcth by every art
bodiment of patience; a fire had got into the
snow-sheds and had burned down two miles
of them. As soon as the passengers who were
stopped on each side could venture across for
the smoke and heat, they did so ; but the
Chinamen were ahead of us with pick and
shovel, removing pieces of burnt ties and
crooked rails, with an apparent coolness that
I was not used to see among such laborers,
and especially under such circumstances. To
this day, my first impression as then received
in regard to their patience and docility has
not been altered. It appears that the Central
Pacific Railroad Company finds them more
profitable employees than white men, notwith-
standing the fact that much of their property
is burned yearly by incendiaries on account of
this preference for Chinamen. The fire above-
mentioned was thus occasioned.
A Chinaman and a white man should not
generally be put to do the same piece of work ;
their notions are not alike, and they do not
pull together. The style of cooking and man-
ner of eating of the Chinese are very difl:erent
from ours. They sleep in their clothes, on a
board, with a blanket, and sometimes a block
of wood for a pillow. This kind of a bed they
prefer, as they use it where hay, straw, and
shavings are plenty. In houses where they
are hired to cook (and many of them can pre-
pare the best dishes) they still prefer to cook
262
THE FRIEND,
iu thair own way what they eat themselves,
and to sleep in their own style — completely
wrapped up in the blanket.
It is apparent from the above facts that
there will be a disagreement between the two
races in regard to their mode of eating, drink-
ing and sleeping. As regards drinking they
differ widelj' in the use of intoxicating drinks.
I have never seen a drunken or even a slightly
intoxicated Chinaman.
In the laundry business there is no doubt
that the Chinese excel. Were you to go into
one of their wash-houses on an afternoon
when the arlicles to be washed are collected
and lying together on the floor (and they for
quantity might be measured by the cord) and
hand to the man in charge some wearing ap-
parel or a pocket handkerchief, he will put a
small tag of cotton cloth on each, call them
off to the book-keeper, who notes them down
with his stick (thej' use no pen), and then, if
you wish, will give you a ticket, a very small
piece of paper, with a Chinese character or
two on it. They never ask for your name.
Your clothes are then thrown on the heap.
On the day appointed, if you call, they will
be immediately handed you, nicely done up.
I have known several instances in which
articles of considerable value, such as gold
buttons and pins, went through the wash and
were again returned with the clothing.
In this neighborhood, at present, there are
many more Chinamen than white men. There
is quite a village of them within half a mile
of the mill ; yet so secure do we feel that we
never think of locking up a tool at night;
axes, crowbars, saws, and even workmen's
clothing are all left in the open mill, when
work for the day is stopped. This I have
witnessed for about three years, and I have
never yet heard of any thing being lost, and
we keep no night watchman. Yet there is
no doubt but there are dishonest Chinamen,
and men who are guilty of every crime, even
murder, and many of them are inmates of our
State prison. But such are greatly in the
minority among them ; and I am led to believe
from casual observation, that a much smaller
percentage of these heathen are incarcerated
in our prisons, than there are of our Christian,
civilized white men. And if the former were
as ably defended in our courts of justice, when
indicied for crime, as are the latter, there
would be fewer still.
The Chinaman is naturally social with his
white neighbor, on points where both agree.
Our children when going into their stores,
will generally be treated with candy, or if a
man comes in where cigars are kept, they
will offer him a cigar. On their New Years'
day the laundry men have a present for all
their patrons. Families for whom they wash
will generally get something really useful.
They are not a stingy people by any means.
I knovv not to what extent opium smok-
ing is carried on among them, having never
witnessed any evil which might have been
caused by it, but no doubt, from what wo read,
it has a deadly grip on many of them, and it
is sad to think that a Christian nation has
entailed this curse upon them.
In a town I have had occasion to pass
through they had an idol temple or Joss
House, and had came into possession of good
houses, built by white men, which, I am sorry
to say, soon went to decay in their hands.
Clean and neat as these jjeople are in the
white man's kitchen, or in washinijc ami iron
ing the white man's clothes, yet their own
houses are very dirty and badly kept.
The Chinamen are generally anxious to
learn our language and read our books. On
this account many well-meaning people under-
take to teach them gratuitously in our Sun-
daj^-schools. One teacher generally takes
two scholars, and sils down between them.
In such a case it is always best to have two
who are equally advanced, then one book held
by the teacher and all look on the one lesson,
and study that during the hour or so thus
devoted to that kind of school. Both men
and women in our cities and towns engage in
this kind of work, and I doubt not but many
are led, even through this simple exercise, to
find their way to the true Teacher, who teach-
eth as never man taught.
I was led to visit one of these schools some
three years ago, in the City Hall, Marysville.
There might have been twenty or thirty pre-
sent. At the close of the lessons, one China-
man, dressed in complete Chinese costume of
the lower rank, stood up in front, and took
a New Testament from the pocket of his
blouse and read some therefrom in Chinese,
and then commenced to preach to us, and as
he proceeded his countenance seemed to be-
come illuminated with a glow not easily de-
scribed. Yet methinks the Christian reader
has often witnessed such an appearance on
the countenance of such as the Lord has
anointed with his holy oil, and sent forth
on his errands of love and merc}^ As the
preacher went on every eye was tirmly fixed
on him, and I think that everj' heart was
moved. Although I understood not a word of
the language in which he spoke, yet was my
spiritual ear opened so that I understood him
well, and felt a union with him, which I have
seldom felt in my former years; although,
according as men judge, I have heard many
better gifted. Truly this man spake in the
demonstration of the Spirit and with power.
Here methinks is the mystery somewhat
cleared of the multitude on the day of Pente-
cost each hearing the gospel in his own tongue
wherein he was born. I have often thought
that this was the best sermon I have heard
since coming to this coast. At the close we
both shook hands, but as he understood but
a very little English we could not hold any
conversation.
Another day, when in Marysville on com-
ing home to dinner, my wife said that a
Chinaman had shortly left the house who had
called to see if any Chinamen lived with us.
Ho could speak English well, and told her
that he was visiting every house in the city
in order, if possible, to stimulate his country-
men to seek their souls' salvation, through
that one only medium between God and m
Christ Jesus, or words to the same effect. I told
her that I believed it must be the same man
that I passed on my way home, who looked
me so straight in the face in such a pleasant
way that I felt almost impelled to speak to
him. After dinner I went back to try to find
him, but he was gone.
At another time in the same city, I met
another whom the Lord had called and sent
forth to gather his countrymen into the fold
of the Good Shepherd. From him I could
learn that these devoted men were almost
constant sufferers for the cause of Christ,
Bearers are they truly of a daily cross, which
the natural man surely would shrink from
They are hated by their own countryiuoi
ecause they have become Christians,
they are hated by the white people bees
they are Chinamen. And thus they have
come as the offscouring of all things to
men, save to those few who travel the nan
way with them, being baptized into the
Spirit. " Truly the seed of God is a suffei
seed."
Lot these instances suffice to show that
Lord hath raised up a living ministry am
these despised heathen of their ownselv
men who count not even their lives dear u
them, that they ma}' win souls to Christ.
Often have I desired to have a few numt
of Friends' Tracts translated into Chinese
circulation amongst this people, for the me
am told, can all read. These tracts wc
be the only ones I would feel free to cii
ate, as they all go to show a need of a cha
of heart, a death unto all loithin us that hinc
the full inshining of the Holy Ghost,
Spirit of Him who created us, and died to
deem us, and renew our bodies for h
temple and place of abode. A head knc
edge of which truths, and an outward fa:
can never avail to the sanctifying of the i
Should any reader of " The Friend" or oth
feel inclined to furnish such publications,
writer would be well pleased to assist in
circulation of them gratuitously to the utff
of his ability, as the Lord may be pleasec
direct.
It is to me no wonder that the Chinest
their natural and unrenewed state should
led to hate those of their own people
embrace the religion of those who so crue
persecute them. See what cruel threats
made against them iu our public prints i
from the stands of political speakers, as v
as in the halls of our Legislative assembl
Our last Legislature passed a law that
dead bodies should be disinterred for remo
to another country without a license, wh
costs many dollars. This strikes directly
the Chinese, as all their dead are remoi
after a certain time to China.
When the Foreign Miners' License L*
was in force, the sheriff, with his deputil
used to sally forth, each armed with a j
volver, and what is called a black-snake wt^
through the many districts of their couni
Then woe to the poor Chinaman who had
license with him, nor money to buy one.
I remember seeing a wash-house on one
the principal streets of San Francisco, wh'
front windows were closely boarded up, (
cepting about six inches from the top, in on
to keep the workmen from being struck W'
missiles. Also, on another principal street
passed a store where the whole glass front;
all appearance, was riddled with stones, a
yet inside at the time I passed, there W(
perhaps ten or fifteen Chinamen at wc
making shoes.
One Sunday afternoon, in August, 1875
was on Second street, in the same city. A sb
had just arrived from China with passenge
The poor helpless creatures were finding th
way along this street to the Chinese part
the city. They were coming along in grot
of a dozen or so ; each with his bamboo sti(
and his baggage swinging from each ei
But as they passed a certain alley, abou
dozen boys and young men would rush out
them, pelt them with missiles, knocking ma
of them down, depriving them of their lit
bundles of clothing, and scattering it to 1
wind that was blowing a stiff gale at I
THE FRIEND.
26c
iC ; all this would be done in less time than
fonld take me to write it, when tbey would
■eat to the alley to get ready for another
rge, leaving the poor creatures to pick up
^t they could of their little property, and
76 on. Let this suffice to show what to
appears to be the reason why the Chinese
not, in their natural state, form any favor-
} opinion of a religion whose professors do
a deeds.
lad is it to think that we, as Christian
Iple, should allow such things to be done
)Dg8t us. As a Slate and as a nation, we
I have to answer before a tribunal from
ch there is no appeal, for our treatment
he poor Indian and the Chinaman. Why
„ that wo will not learn a lesson from what
so latel3' befallen us because of our op-
ssion of the negro. T. D.
lipper Mills, Cal., March 5th, 1879.
;in is of one nature all the world over ; fo
iUgh a liar is not a drunkard, nor a swearer
>ief, nor either properly a murderer; yet
f are all of a church ; all branches of the
, wicked root; all of kin. They have but
father, the devil, as Christ said to the
fessing Jews, the visible church of that
i. He slighted their pretensions to Abra-
ii and Moses, and plainlj- told them, he
t committed sin, was the servant of sin.
jy did the devil's works, and therefore
■e the devil's children. The argument
I always hold upon the same reasons, and
refore is good still. "His servants you
i" saith Paul, "whom you obey:" and,
h John to the church of old; "Let no
ii deceive you, he that committeth sin, is
jhe devil." Was Judas a better Christian
■crying. Hail, master! and kissing Christ?
no means. Tbese words were the signal
ais treachery ; the token given by which
bloody Jews should know and take him.
iCallcd him Master, bat betrayed him. He
jed, but sold him to be killed. This is the
(hot of the false Christians' religion. If a
;i ask them, is Christ your Lord? they
I cry ; God forbid else. Yes, he is our
fd. Very well, but do you kee]) his com
adments? No, how should we? Hov\
Q are you his disciples? It is impossible,
they. What! would you have us keep
commandments? No man can. What'
impossible to do that, without which Christ
h made it impossible to be a Christian I Is
fist unreasonable? Does he reap where
tias not sown ; require where he has not
bled? Thus it is, that, wiih Judas, they
him Master, but take part with the evil
phe world to betr.ay him ; and kiss and
prace him, as far as a specious profession
g; and then sell him, to gratify the pas-
II they most indulge. Thus, as G-od said of
I they make him serve with their sins, and
Itheir sins too.
iLet no man deceive his own soul; grapes
I not gathered of thorns, nor figs of this-
:" a wolf is not a sneep, nor is a vulture
■ove. Whatever form, people, or church
■u art of, it is the truth of God to mankind,
it they who have the form of godliness,
i by their unmortified lives deny the power
eof, make not the true, but false church
ch though she entitle herself the Lamb's
), or church of Christ, she is that mystery
lysterious Babylon, fitly called by the
y Ghost, "the mother of harlots, and all
abominations ;" because degenerated from
Christian chastity and purit3% into all the
enormities of heathen Babylon; a sumptuous
city of old time, much noted as the seat of
the kings of Babylon, and at that time a place
of the greatest pride and luxury. As she
was then, so mystical Babylon ia now, the
great enemy of God's people.
True it is, they that are born of the flesh,
hale and persecute them that are born of the
Spirit, who are the circumcision in heart.
They cannot own nor worship God after her
inventions, methods and prescriptions, nor re-
ceive for doctrine, her vain traditions, any
more than they can comply with her corrupt
fashions and customs in their conversation.
The case being thus, from an apostate she
becomes a persecutor. It is not enough that
she herself declines from ancient purit}' ; others
must do so too. She will give those no rest,
who will not partake with her in that degene-
racy, or receive her mark. * * * * go
that though the unrighteous latitude of their
lives be matter of lamentation, as it is of de-
struction to themselves, yet the false notion,
that they may be children of God, while in a
state of disobedience to his holy command-
ments; and disciples of Jesus, though ihey
revolt from his cross; and members of his
true church, which is without spot or wrinkle,
notwithstanding their lives are full of spots
and wrinkles; is, of all other deceptions upon
themselves, the most pernicious to their eter-
nal condition. For they are at peace in sin,
and under a security in their transgression.
Their vain hope silences their convictions,
and overlays all tender motions to repentance :
so that their mistake about their duty to God,
is as mischievous as their rebellion against
him.— Fr. Penn.
How Raisins are Prepared. — A strip of land
bordering on the Mediterranean, somewhat
less than 100 miles in length and in width
not exceeding five or si.x; is the raisin pro-
ducing territory of Spain. Beyond these
boundaries, the Muscatel grape from which
the raisin is principally produced, may grow
and thrive abundantly, but the fruit must go
to market or the wine press. When the
grapes begin to ripen in August, the farmer
inspects the fruit as it lies on the warm, dry
soil, and one by one clips the clusters as they
reach perfection. In almost all vineyards
shafts of masonrj' are prepared, looking like
unglazed hot-beds, and covered with fine peb-
bles, on which the fruit is exposed to dry,
But the small pioprieter prefers not to carry
his grapes so far. It is better, he thinks, to
deposit them nearer at hand, where there is
less danger of bruising, and where bees and
wasps are less likely lo find them. Day by
day the cut branches are examined and turned,
tid they are sufficiently cured to bo borne to
the house, usually on the hill-top, and there
deposited in the empty wine press, till enough
have been collected for the trimmers ^and
packers to begin their work. At this stage,
great piles of rough, dried raisins are brought
forth from the wnne press and heaped upon
boards. One by one the bunches are inspected,
those of the first qualitj' being trimmed of
all irregularities, and imperfect berries, and
deposited in piles by themselves; so in turn
are treated those of the second quality, .while
the clippings and inferior fruit are received
into baskets at the feet of the trimmers and
reserved for home consumption. A quantity
of small, wooden trays are now brought for-
ward, just the size of a common raisin box,
and about an inch deep. In these, papers are
neatly laid so as to lap over and cover the
raisins evenly deposited in the trays, which
are then subjected to heavy pressure in a rude
jress. After pressing, the raisins are dropped
nto boxes for market. — Scientific American.
fonceriiing love.
(Question. Which is the true love?
Ans. The love wdiich ariseth from the
lature which God begets, and from this cir-
cumcising the heart from the other nature.
Love is the beautiful thing. What can be
higher expressed concerning God himself,
than to say He is love ? Love is greatly com-
mended and admired, and there are many
]>retenders to it; but none have the true
love, but only those that arc born of God, and
circumcised by him. "The Lord thy God
will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of
thy seed, to love the Lord thy God with all
thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou
mayestlive." Deut. xxx. 6. Mark: the true
love ariseth from the true circumcision ; and
the more a man comes to have his heart cir-
cumcised from the fleshly nature, and to grow
up in the pure and heavenly nature, the more
he loves. God is love; and the nigher any
one comes to him, and the more he partakes
of him, the more he becomes love in the Lord,
and the more he is taught of God to love the
Lord his God, and his brethren in the Spirit,
and all mankind, who are of his blood (for of
one blood God made all mankind) according
to the flesh, or according to a natural con-
sideration.— Isaac Penington.
My heavenly Father has been pleased of
late in retirement, to clothe mo more and
more with ability to pray, not only on ac-
count of the manj- evils that are in the world,
but for His little ones wherever scattered ;
and for ever blessed be His great and adora-
ble name, to pray for one who seemeth to
need help more than they all — even for my-
self; whose backslidings cannot be numbered
for multitude, and whose sins and transgres-
sions are more than the hairs of my head,
twice told ; whose day's work is drawing fast
towards a close, — yea, the shadows of the
evening are beginning to appear. Can it
be anything but Almighty love, that thus
awakens and makes sensible a poor frail mor-
tal ? "As an eagle stirreth up her nest,
fluttereth over her young, spreadetb abroad
her wings, taketh them and beareth them on
her wings," — thus preparing them for flight;
so doth a compassionate and ever merciful
Lord God nourish, cherish, and strengthen in
the tenderest manner, his unworthy and often
ungrateful children. How often would Ho
gather them ;— but oh I they will not. How
often in love unutterable doth He strive to
save, by convincing their understandings in
the most indubitable manner, that "There is
a reward for the righteous, and a God that
judgeth in the earth;" and, unwilling "that
any should perish, but that all should repent,
return, and live:" how often doth He aiarm
and shake the false rest of those, who are
dwelling carelessly and at ease, and thus
warns them of the uncertainty of their con-
tinuance here. By His judgments, all in
mercy and in truth, how often doth He fill
our hearts with sorrow, which worketh re-
pentance never to be repented of, to reduce
264
THE FRIEND.
and briny us into humility; that He may
draw U8 nearer and nearer into acquaintance
with Him, in whom humility and meekness
are personified; — who said "No man comoth
unto mo, except the Father, which hath sent,
me, draw him; — no man cometh to the Fa
ther, but by me; — him that cometh to me, I
will in no wise cast out." — D. Wheeler.
In general those whom God intends for
the service of others, ho gives to feel, as they
are able to bear it, the bitterness and the
divert of sin, before he shows them his salva-
tion, that being feelingly acquainted with the
wretchedness of an unregenerate state, they
may be the better capable of sympathizing
with, and counselling others in like circum-
stances; and be quickened in their endeavors
of saving souls from death.
There are diversities of operations, but the
same Spirit, and these operations are propor
tioned to the different capacities of His chil
dren, and various circumstances of time, age,
and education.
THE FRIEND.
THIRD MONTH 29,
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— The e.xtra session of the Forty-
sixth Congress commenced on the 18th. In the House
Samuel J. Randall was re-elected Speaker. President
Hayes sent in his message, which was brief, simply
stating the purpose for which the session had been
called, viz., to pass the necessary appropriation bills,
wliich the previous Congress had failed to do. At a
conference of tlie Democratic caucus committee, held
on the 22d, it was decided that the political legislation
desired by the majority, should be incorporated in the
appropriation bills. The question of restricting the
business of the session to these bills was discussed but
not decided.
The bill making Wilmington the capital of New
Castle county, was finally passed by the Delawa
Lee;islature on the 20th inst.
From the annual report of the Secretary of the Con-
necticut State Board of Education, it appears the amount
expended for the public schools last year was $1,509,-
158.85, being a decrease of less than $4,000, while the
amount received from all sources was $1,509,158. 81,
an increase of nearly $3,000. There are 1,647 public
schools in the State. An indication of the satisfactory
growth of the school system in Connecticut is shown
in the fact that the amount raised by taxation for .schooli
ten years ago was $628,151.12, while that raised last
year was $1,252,248.03.
The total value of cotton goods manufactured in New
Hampshire in 1878, was $30,588,500: of woolen goodi
$9,222,000 ; of boots and shoes $11,700,000 : of lumber
$0,174,900. The grand total of all manufactures was
over $90,000,000.
The total " log cut" of Michigan this winter aggre
gates 2,404,267,465 feet.
The largest oil still in the world is said to be the
Acme Oil Refinery, at Titusville, which has a capacity
of 3500 barrels. " f ;■
Serious prairie fires have recently devastated a tract
ten miles long, and three miles wide, in Republic and
Cloud counties, Kansas. One hundred dwellings were
destroyed, besides out buildings, grain, farming imple-
ments, _&c., and the people had to seek refuge from the
(lames in cellars and excavations.
An enterprise has been begun in the State of Colo-
rado, which, if successful, is expected to irrigate and
make productive 70,000 acres of land. For this pur-
pose a ditch is to be constructed from a point in the
Poudre river, in a north-east direction, to Crow creek
—a distance of seventy miles ; the ditch will be thirty
feet wide and five feet deep. The soil of this desert, as
it has been called, is said to be well adapted to growing
small grain, when sufficient water can be obtained.
A panic having been threatened in New Orleans, fol-
lowing the suspension of the Southern Bank, the Me-
chanics and Traders' Bank, and two savings banks, all
the other banks of that city, thirteen in number, com-
posing the Clearing House Association, agreed on the iFingoes,
20th not to pay out on checks more than $200 to any Sick
one depositor, on any one day, until the 29th inst. A
large amount of currency is on the way from New York
to New Orleans, which is expected to relieve the em-
barrassment. Accounts from Memphis and St. Louis
state there has been no serious disturbance of business
in those cities.
The New York World's estimates of the shipment of
American wheat to Europe during six months previous
to 3rd month 1st, and of the amount yet retained, are
interesting. Taking its estimates as approximating
correctness, they give us cause almost to wonder at the
great strides this country has made in competing with
other nations in supplying bread for the hungry of, 000.
Europe. Its estimaies are that we have shipped 75,-
000,000 bushels, reducing flour to the bushel measure :
and that we have yet 45,000,000 bushels for export!
Of the amount shipped 32,000,000 went to the continent,
and 20,000,000 to England. Reports are that the
promises for the coming crops are not very flattering.
Accounts from Great Britain and Western Europe are
called indifl^erent; while the progress of the plague
excites alarm, and if it progresses westward to any con-
siderable extent, must inevitable cut off from European
rkets much of the supply usually received from
Russia. From these circumstances it appears probable
that American wheat will be in demand at satisfactory
prices.
The mortality in New York the past week was 623.
In Philadelphia 278. Of whom 159 were adults and
119 children — 52 being under one year of age.
Mlarkets, &e.— U. S. sixes, 1881, 106J ; do. 5's, 1041 ;
U's, registered, 104J; do. coupon, 104|; 4's, registered,
98| ; do. coupon, 99J; 5-20s, 1867, 1021; do. 1868, 102|.
Cotton. — Sales of middlings at lOJ a 10| cts. per lb.
for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 8 a 8} cts. in barrels, and standard
white, 9jt a 9} cts. for export, and lOJ a 11 cts. per
gallon for home use. Lard oil, 55 a 5(5 cts. ; Linseed,
01 a 62 cts. from American seed, and 62 a 63 cts. from
Calcutta seed. Crude sperm, 85 a 88 cts., and refined
$1.02 a $1.05 per gallon.
Flour.— Minnesota extra, $4.50 a $4.75 ; Penna. and
Ohio extra family, $4.50 a $5 ; fancy, $5.20 a $5.25 •
patent, $7.25 a $7.75 ; other high grades *7.75 a $8!
Rye flour, $2.75 a $2.87*. Corn meal, $2.50. Bran
sells at $14..50 a $15 per ton.
Grain. — Wheat was a fraction lower — Delaware am-
ber, $1.14i a S1.14J; western red, $1.13 a $l.I3i-
white, $1.16. Rye, 55 a 57 cts. Corn, 43 a 43| cfs!
Oats, mixed, 31 a 32 cts., choice white, 33 a 33J cts.
Seeds— Clover 5 a 6J cts. per lb. Flaxseed, $1.42 a
$1.4.5, and timothy, $1.40 a $1.50 per bushel.
Fresh Fruits— Apples continue dull— Baldwins, S1.G5
a $1.80; choice Greenings, $2 a $2.25; Rox Russets
$1.75 a $2. Cranberries, $7.50 a $9 per bbl. and $2.25
a $2.75 per crate.
Hay and Straw.— Average price during the week .
Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts. per 100 pounds; mixed, 45
a 55 cts. ; straw, 70 a 80 cts. per 100 pounds.
Beef cattle were in better demand, and prices a frac-
tion higher : 2400 head arrived and .sold at 5| a 6]- cts.
for extra Pennsylvania and western steers; 4} a 5J cts.
for fair to good, and 3 a 4 cts. per lb. gross for common
Sheep werein fair demand, selling at 3} a 4 cts. for
common, and 5} a 6 cts. for good to choice. Hogs, 6 a
6| cts. per lb. as to condition.
Foreign.— In London, United States bonds were
quoted on the 31st inst. at 106| for the .5's, 103J for the
1867's, 103 j for the 10-40's, 107 for the 4Vs, and 101}
ex coupon for the 4's. The Pall Mall Gazette says,
"Trade generally is notoriously dull. The Eastern
trade in particular has been in collap.se for years."
The tarifl" bill lately pas.sed by the Canadian Govern-
ment, is very unpopular in England. In the House of
Commons on the 20th, John Bright introduced the.
question whether the instructions to the Marquis of
Lome omitted the clause requiring that bills imposing
diflerential duties should be reserved for royal approval.
The£olonial Secretary replied, that the financial policy
of Caniida, subject to treaty obligations, rested with the
Canadian Legislature. He however criticised the policy
severely, saying, "The tariff that has been produced in
obedience to the call of the general election, is as un-
wise as it can be. There is no branch of industry that
will not be crippled by it."
The British Government has chartered the Dominion
line steamers, Ontario and Borussia — the former to
sail on the 21st for the United States to tiike on board
500 mules for Natal. The latter to take cavalry from
Portsmouth to South Africa.
The correspondent of the Daily News at Cape Town
says : There is much suspicion as to the loyalty of the
10 constitute a large and powir
ong the soldiers of the garrison
makaar is deplorable.
Consular agent at Natal, Africa, informs lli
nient of State that the trade of the colony i
increasing. The imports in 1878 were$313',7(.i
$245,005, in 1877, under some unfavorahk-
stances.
A conference of representatives of the Gern
ping trade was recently held at Rostock. J
representing twenty-five of the principal seaport:
present. It was unanimously agreed that the shi
business was more depressed in 1878 than for a g(
tion. The absolute deficiency was estimated at £1
A large number of owners of wooden
vessels announced their intention to allow their
to remain in port this spring.
Accounts from Szegedin attest the gradual, tl
slow improvement of the situation. The weathe
tinues dry, and has grown much milder, thereby
viating the sufferings of those who are still cai
out. The waters are steadily but slowly subs
The Theiss river has fallen ten feet.
The Pope has sent 500 lire to Szegedin for the
of the sufferers.
The Swiss State Council, by a vote of 27 to 1;
resolved to restore capital punishment in Switzerl
The expenses of the late International Expo;
were 55,000,000 francs, and the receipts 30,00
francs.
Intelligence received at Calcutta from Burmah,
that the king is constructing fortified works and
ing other warlike preparations. The king also
asserted, has summoned the Burmese residents of
goon to return to their own country.
The steamer City of Peking, from Hong Konj
Yokohama, arrived recently at San Francisco witl
Chinamen. In China the successes of La Y'ung >
Tonquin, continued. The rebellion in Hainar
not yet suppressed, though considered near its
The Minister of Foreign AflTairs, in Japan, liac
nounced that he authorized the concluding clau
the new treaty with the United States. A Jap:
lady in the southern province had protested ag
paying taxes unless allowed the privilege of vo
The local authorities referred her case to the Ce
Government for a decision.
TO RENT— The dwelling house connected
Haddontield Monthly Meeting School. A Fri
family is desired. Apply to
Samuel Nicholson,
Charles S. Willits,
Haddonfield, N.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Nurse is wanted for the Boys' Department
enter on her duties at the beginning of the Su
session. Application may be made to
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Chester Co., I
Susanna F. Sharpless, Street Road, "
Deborah Rhoads, H.addonfield, New Jersey.
Elizabeth R. Evans, 322 Union St., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, {Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelph
Physician and Superintendent — JohnC. Hall, M'
Applications for the Admission of Patients raaj
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boan
Managers.
Died, at the residence of her sister, Emma A. Cabi
Germantown, on the 11th of Twelfth month,
Harriot M. Rowland, widow of Joseph W. Rov
an esteemed member of Frankford Monthly and G
mantown Particular Meeting.
— , 2nd of 2nd month, 1879, at the residence
her brother-in-law, George M. Glover, Woodbury, N.
Eunice Mickle, in the 85th year of her age", a c
sistent member of Woodbury Monthly Meeting
Friends, N. J.- This beloved Friend was confined to
bed for many months, and was almost entirely lielpt
and at times in much distress on account thereof. "!
with holy patience she looked forward to her relea'
her mind remaining clear to the last. She was one
humble little ones of whom it may be said, " Blesi
are the pure in heart for they shall .see God."
— , :it West Clu-^trr, V:i., on 3d month 1st,
Piiim: \s I'li ^ I I', ill ilir s lih year of his age, a me
of];iin,i,ml,aM, M,i,,,|,|v Mivling.
WILLIAM 1
No. 421
. PILE, PRINTER,
Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
^OL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FOURTH MONTH 5, IB-
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
e, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
a advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra h charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
S<ib4crti>ciaa9 aod Payments received by
JOH^J S. STOKES,
so. 116 S'ORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For "Th-- Friend "
An Indiatt's View of Indian Affairs.
ndor thi.s lieudiog there has been pub-
ed in the last number of the Xorth Aiaeri-
Review, a touching statement recently
ie ai VVashiugtOQ by Chief Joseph, of the
Perce Indians, of the historj' of bin peo
and the causes which led to the late war
h his band, by which they have been des-
led of their country in the Wallowa valley,
the border of Oregon, and become unhappy
les in the Indian Territory. An account
he manner in which this vyar was brought
ut was published in " The Friend," vol. 41,
158, 159 ; but it is rarely we have the op-
tunily of hearing from the Indians them-
.'es a narrative of their wrongs such as is
sented in the simple language of this state-
nt, and its concluiling appeal for justice at
hands of a nation from whose people they
re suffered so deeply.
)mitting many of the details, the statement
is follows :
My friends, I have been asked to show
my heart. I am glad to have a chance
do so. I want the white people to under-
nd my people. Some of you think an In-
n is like a wild animal. This is a great
take. I will tell you all about our people,
then you can judge whether an Indian is
nan or not. I believe much trouble and
od would be saved if we opened our hearts
e. I will tell you in ray way how the In-
n sees things. The white man has more
rds to tell you how they look to him, but
loes not require many words to speak the
th. What 1 have to say will come from my
irt, and I will speak with a straight tongue.
cum-kin-i ma-rae-hut (the Great Spirit) is
king at me, and will hear me.
My name is In-muttoo yah-lat-lat (Thun-
travelling over the Mountains). I am
ef of the Wal-lam wat-kin band of Chute-
u, or Nez Perces (nose-pierced Indians).
was born in eastern Oregon, thirty-eight
nters ago. My father was chief before me.
hen a young man, he was called Joseph by
Spaulding, a missionary. He died a few
irs ago. There was no stain on his hands
the blood of a while man. He left a good
le on the earth. He advised mo well for
people.
Our fathers gave us many laws, which
y had learned from their fathers. These
vs were good. They told us to treat all
i they treated us ; that we should never
be the first to break a bargain ; that it was a
disgrace to tell a lie ; that we should speak
only the truth ; that it was a shame for one
man to take from another his wife, or his pro-
perty without paying for ii. We were taught
to believe that the Great Spirit sees and hears
everything, and that he never forgets ; that
hereafter iio will give every man a spirit-home
according to his deserts: if he had been a
good man, he will have a good homo. This
I believe, and all my people believe the same.
" We did not know there were other people
besides the In lian until about one hundred
winters ago, when some men with white faces
came to our country. They brought many
things with them to trade for furs and skins.
They brought tobacco, which was new to us.
They brought guns with flint stones on them,
which frightened our women and children.
Our people could not talk with these white-
faced men, but they used signs which all peo-
ple understand. These men were Frenchmen,
and they called our people 'Nez Perces,' be-
cause they wore rings in their noses tbr orna-
ments. Although very few of our people wear
them now, we are still called by the same
name. These French trappers said a great
many things to our fathers, which have been
planted in our hearts. Some were good for
us, but some wore bad. Our people were di-
vided in opinion about these men. Some
thought they taught more bad than good.
An Indian respects a brave man, but he de-
8|)ises a coward. He loves a straight tongue,
but he hates a forked tongue. The French
trappers told us some truths and some lies.
"The first white men of your people who
came to our country were named Lewis and
Clarke. They also brought many things that
our people had never seen. They talked
straight, and our people gave them a great
ast, as a proof that their hearts wore friendly.
These men were very kind. They made pres-
nts to our chiefs and our people made pres-
ents to them. We had a great many horses,
of which we gave them what they needed,
and thej' gave us guns and tobacco in return.
All the Nez Perces made friends with Lewis
and Clarke, and agreed to let them pass
through their country, and never to make
war on white men. This promise the Nez
Perces have never broken. No white man
can accuse them of bad faith, and speak with
a straight tongue. It has always been the
pride of the Nez Perces that they were the
friends of the white men. When my father
was a young man there came to our country
a white man (Mr. Spaulding) who talked
spirit law. He won the affections of our peo-
ple because he spoke good things to them.
At first he did not say anything about white
men wanting to settle on our lands. Nothing
was said about that until about twenty winters
ago, when a number of vvhite people came
into our country aod built houses and made
farms. At first our people made no complaint.
They thought there was room enough for all
to live in peace, and they vvere learning many
things from the white men that seemed to be
good. But we soon found that the white men
were growing rich very fast, and were greedy
to possess every thing the Indian had. My
father was the first to see through the schemes
of the white men, and he warned his tribe to
be cai-eful about trading with them. He had
suspicion of men who seemed so anxious to
make money. I was a boy then, but I re-
member well my father's caution. Ha had
sharper eyes than the rest of our people.
"Next there came a white officer (Governor
Stevens), who invited all the Nez Perces to a
treaty council. After the council was opened
he made known his heart. He said there
were a great many white people in the coun-
try, and many more would come; that he
wanted the land marked out so that the In-
dians and white men could be separated. If
they were to live in peace it was necessary
he said, that the Indians should ha'^a coun-
try set apart for them, and in that country
they must stay. My father, who represented
his band, refused to have anything to do with
the council, because he wished to be a free
man. He claimed that no man owned any
part of the earth, and a man could not sell
what he did not own.
" Mr. Spaulding took hold of my father's
arm and said, ' Come and sign the treaty.'
My father pushed him away, aud said : ' Why
do you ask me to sign away my country ? It
is your business to talk to us about spirit mat-
ters, and not to talk to us about parting with
our land.' Governor Stevens urged my father
to sign his treaty, but he refused. ' I will not
sign your paper,' he said ; "you go where you
please, so do I ; you arc not a child, I am no
child; I can think for myself No man can
think for me. I have no other home than
this. I will not give it up to any man. My
people would have no homo. Take away
your paper. I will not touch it with my
hand.'
" My father left the council. Some of the
chiefs of the other bands of the Nez Perces
signed the treaty, and then Governor Stevens
gave them presents of blankets. My father
cautioned his people to take no presents, for
' after a while.' he said, 'they will claim that
you have accepted pay for your country.'
Since that time four bands of the Nez Percea
have received annuities from the United
States. My father was invited to many coun-
cils, and they tried hard to make him sign the
treaty, but he was fii-ra as a rock, and would
not sign away his home. His refusal caused
a difterence among the Nez Perces.
"Bight years later (1863) was the next
treaty council. A chief called Lawyer, be-
cause he was a great talker, took the lead in
this council, and sold nearly all the Nez Perces
country. My father was not there. He said
to me: ' When you go into council with the
white man, always remember your country.
Do not give it away. The white man will
J6C
THE FRIEND.
cheat j-ou out of your home. I havo taken
IK) pay from the United Slates. 1 have ueve
sold our hind.' ]d this treaty Lawj'er acted
without authority from our band. He had
no riglit to sell the Wallowa (^winding water)
country. That had always belonged to ray
father's own people, and the other bands had
never disputed our right to it. No other In
dians ever claimed VVallowa.
"In order to have all people understand
how much land we owned, my father planted
poles around it and said :
"'Inside is the homo of my people — th
white man may take the land outside. Inside
this boundary all our people were born. It
circles round the graves of our fathers, and
wo will never give up these graves to any
man.'
" The United States claimed they had
bought all the Nez Perces country outside of
Lapwai Eeservation, from Lawyer and other
chiefs, but we continued to live on this land
in ])eaco until eight years ago, when white
men began to come inside the bounds ni}'
father had set. We warned them against this
great wrong, but they would not leave our
land, and some bad blood was raised. The
white men represented that we were going
upon the war-path. They reported many
things that were false."
(To be concluded.)
tJlT For " The Friend."
Incidents and Reflections.— No. II).
CONVINCEMENTS.
John Eichardson relates that at a meeting
in Virginia, he said something which offended
a young woman, a Presbyterian, who was
present, " Not having, as she said, a suitable
opportunity while 1 was there, to discourse
with me, being busy in her master's affairs,
(for she was the Friend's housekeeper), she
desired liberty of her master to go to the next
meeting, that there she might ease her mind
to me about the offence I had given her in the
first meeting; (it was something about Elec
tion, and they told me what it was, but not
writing it down, it went from me), and accord-
ingly she came to the meeting, where the
Lord's mighty power broke in upon us, to the
tendering of many hearts, to Friends mutual
satisfaction, and it proved a good day to the
aforesaid young woman ; her heart was as if
it had melted within her, and she shed many
tears, and I am satisfied went from the meet-
ing in fear and in great joy ; in fear, how to
■walk as not to offend Christ the elect, which
before she could talk of, but now she had met
with, and he had opened her state to her ; and
joy, that she had met with the Messiah, the
elect of the Father, his choice and beloved Son;
so that she could now say, Where are the
wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the
disputer of this world ? All her brisk, talka-
tive qualities were swallowed up in the feel-
ing of the internal, enlightening presence of
Christ." He adds, " The manner of the work-
ing of the Truth is to humble the creature,
and bring it into contrition, tenderness and
fear, with true self-denial."
It is related of John Ashton, of Killconin-
more, Ireland, in the early days of our Society,
that when a member of the Church of Eng-
land, being desirous of further discoveries of
the knowledge of God and way of salvation,
he, with his wife, went to a meeting at Birr,
when both of them were convinced by the
powerful ministry of Thomas Wilson ; and
were obedient to the manifestation of truth
in their hearts. On coming out of the meet-
ing they said to each other, " The way of ever-
lasting happiness has been clearly laid down
before us, and we are resolved to walk in it,
come life or come death."
Not long after, ho was thrown into prison
for his Christian testimony against tithes,
where he was kept six months, and bore his
confinement with exemplary patience and
resignation ; and being accustomed to indus-
try and averse to idleness, he learned to make
gartering and laces for his support during his
imprisonment.
When at liberty, he and his wife constantly
attended the meeting at Birr twice a week,
generally going on foot about seven miles of
a very bad road, and having a river to wade
through both going and returning. When
crossing this river in winter, they sometimes
had to break the ice, and John frequenllj'
wept to see the blood on his wife's limbs in
coming through it.
When Friends travelling in the service of
the gospel, came to his house, his zeal for the
propagation of the truth and love to the souls
of his neighbors was manifested in the great
pains he took to invite them to come and par-
take of the benefit of their labors ; for which
purpose it was his frequent practice to ride
several miles round, and this in the night, as
well as day, and even in the depth and severity
of the winter season ; and though some re-
turned scoffs and abusive speeches, yet many
came and were well satisfied ; several were
convinced, and among the rest some of his
own servants.
We doubt not that many in this day are
convinced by the Spirit of Truth of what the
Lord requires of them. Happy would it be
for all such, if like this Friend and his wife,
they would resolve, when the way of life and
salvation is set before them, '-toioalk in it,
come life or come death."
Where any are turned to righteousness, it
is the Lord's doing. Many are the ways he
takes to awaken the sinner and instruct the
ignorant, but in them all the Christian traces
the operations of the Holy Spirit as the mov
ing cause. We have met with the experience
of an aged widow woman, who recently died
in the City of Lyons. Her parents were
very poor, and her husband had nothing but
his industry to depend on. As long, however,
as he was able to work, they honestly gained
their daily bread, though they were never
able to put anything by for a rainy day ; but,
when the old man died, leaving his poor widow
childless and infirm, want entered her desolate
dwelling as an armed man. She sold every-
thing but what was indispensable, and re-
moved to a miserable garret to spend the re-
mainder of her days.
One day, as she was sitting alone in her
comfortless, half-empty room, it struck her
that there was a singular outli ne on the beams
of the wall. The walls had been whitewashed,
but she thought it looked as if there had been
a square opening in one of them, which had
been carefully closed with a kind of door.
She examined it closely, and the thought oc-
curred to her, "Perhaps there is some trea-
sure hidden there ;" for she remembered as a
child the fearful days of the Revolution, when
no property was safe from the men of liberty
and equality. Perhaps some rich man had
concealed his treasure there from rapacity,
who had himself fallen a victim to the Revo-
lution before he had time to remove it.
tapped with her finger, and the boards
turned a hollow sound. With beating h
she tried to remove the square door, and f
succeeded, without much difficulty ; but, a
instead of the gold and silver she hope
see, she beheld a damp, dirty, mouldy
book I In her disappointment she was re
to fix in the boards again, and leave the b
to moulder and crumble away ; but a
impulse induced her to take it out, and Sf
there were any bank-notes or valuable pa]
in it; but no, it was nothing but a boo
mouldy book I
When she had a little recovered froi
vexation, she began to wonder what boo
could be that some one had hidden awa^
carefully. It must surely be something'
traordinary. So she wiped it clean and
herself to read. Her eyes fell upon the wot
" Therefore I say unto you. Take no thou
for your life, what ye shall eat, or what
shall drink; nor yet for your body,
ye shall put on. Is not the life more t
meat, and the body than raiment? Bel
the fowls of the air ; for they sow not, neit
do they reap, nor gather into barns ; yet y(
heavenly Father feedeth them. Are j-e
much better than thej' ?" And the words t
she read appeared to her so sweet and j
cious that she read on and on. The n
morning she sat down again to the damp
book, the words of which made a deep
pression on her soul. Her little chamber
longer looked so desolate. Her food, wh
had so often seemed to her as the breac
tears, now appeared to be more like bn
from heaven ; and her solitude was reliei
by the presence of the great King.
She bad the book cleaned and bound, t
it was to her as meat and drink, until she \
permitted to close her eyes and enter into
joys of her Lord. She related this history
the latter days of her pilgrimage, to a belo^
pastor in Lyons, in whose hands the book
now. It is Amelotte's edition of the N'
Testament, of the time of the Huguenot p
secution.
For '* The Friend
Parts of the following observations I ht
Iways heard attributed to William Pen
father, but David Holt, in his " Extract:
says they were made by an American env
to William Allen, at his house in Londc'
Perhaps the Editors of " The Friend" can t
who the author really was.
" I admire your Society : its principles cc 1
tain all of Christianity that I have any id
of, but I am sorry to see that some of you a
losing your badge, and I don't see how yi
can retain your principles, and forego yo «
little peculiarities, your marks of selfdeniip
and difference from the rest of the worl
You are lights; the world should come
you, and not j'ou go to the world. You mi
gather them, but they will scatter you."
[We believe the above remarks have be(
rangly attributed to W. Penn, but we kuo
not who was their author. — Eds.
It is very precious to walk in this Ligh
which doth reveal the love and kindness (
God, and brings to the knowledge and expei
once of the means of salvation which ho hal
appointed; and to the feeling of that powi
which .saveth from falling into temptatio;
even the same power which preserved Jesi
THE FRIEND.
26-
eu he was tempted in the wilderness. Now, between Vancouver, Falkland and iiji Is-
iny that are come to the knowledge and, lands, may not be uninteresting to their lord-
fes^ion of this power, are not preserved by I ships, and are therefore made the subject of
i-om falling into temptation, and delivered this letter. The population at present num-
^ evil, such are not obedient nor faithful, bers 90, of all ages, of which 41 are males and
it so do not adorn their profession: such 49 females, a nominal return of whom is iur-
' - ■ ■ ■ ■ nished in Appendix No. 1.
"By this return it will be observed that
there is but one survivor of the generation
which immediately followed the mutineers;
namely, Elizabeth Young, aged about 88,
this power, are the wisest, happiest, audi daughter of John Mills, gunner's mate of the
-St people in the world; blessed above alll Bounty, and of an Otaheitan mother, ihe
, families of the earth; blessed with an oldest man on the island is Thursday October
Qdrcd fold in this world, and in the world Christian, aged 59, grandson of Fletcher Chris-
come life everlasting. Such are as the salt tian, master's mate of the Bounty. The popu-
the earth which seasoneth all things; as a lation may be further described as consisting
of 16 men, 19 women, 25 boys and 60 girls.
not glorify the power, but are as spots in
■ feasts, and a scandal to the gospel of
ice, and enemies to the cross of Christ,
eh is the power of God to salvation,
^ow those that live in, and are obedient
on a hill which cannot be hid, and as the
ht of the world indeed. — William Shewen.
For -'The Friend."
The Piteaim Islanders.
The island inhabited by these interesting
jple is a very small piece of ground, cover-
r a space of about one and a half square
les, in the midst of the mighty expanse of
3 Pacific Ocean, and separated by hundreds
miles from the nearest land.
The story of its settlement is familiar to
any of us from childhood, and we can recall
:_ * U ^ ].,«-»».. .-..n-f j-.r loot nonlnrx' o mil.
w in the
'7
The deaths on the island have numbered
about 12 in the last 19 years. No contagious
diseases visit the island, nor are the animals
subject to disease. A few medicines which
were sent from Valparaiso, in her Majesty's
ship Eeindeer, are administered, as required,
by the pastor. Pitcairn Island is governed
by a ' magistrate and chief ruler, in subor-
dination to her Majesty the (iueen of Great
Britain,' who not only administers the laws,
but also enacts them. There are two coun-
cillors to advise and assist the chief magis-
trate, besides which the ''heads of families'
in the latter part of last century, a mu- trate, oesiues « u..... , ..Hnn wl on roouired
took place on board the English ship f «f ^■^^^"^•^ ^'r^r/urnish a copyTf the
nty ; and nine of the mutineers with a few In Appendix No. 2, I furnish a copy ot the
■> ' J r rr.,u;,; ♦^^uL.vttq Tbev bear no date, but were, 1 am in-
tive men and women from Tahiti, took
fuge in this lonely spot, to escape the punish-
ent that awaited them if they fell into the
inds of the British Government. This was
the year 1790.
Most of these mutineers perished in a few
jars by disease or violence, but a new gen-
■ation grew up; and Alexander Smith, the
st survivor of these, who assumed the name
John Adams, began to feel a degree of re-
jonsibility for the welfare of the colony, who
aked up to him as its oldest member and
knowledged head. He accordingly devised
very simple system of laws which was ac-
pted by the people, and under which they
ved and prospered.
By the year 1831, they had grown to be
glity-seven in number, and as their little
lland was beginning to be over-crowded, they
?ere removed to Tahiti, but being dissatisfied
nth their new home, they soon returned to
heir former habitations,
In 1856 they were transferred to Norfolk
land, but a portion of them subsequently
pent back.
Pitcairn Island was visited in the fall of
QSt year by the English Admiral DeHorsey,
vhose report to the British Admiralty is sub-
oined.
I request you will acquaint the lords eom-
Itnissioners of the admiralty that as Pitcairn
sland lay in my track from E-*quiraalt to
i''alparaiso, and the weather being sufficiently
avorable for landing, I took advantage of the
Ipircumstances to visit that island for the pur-
pose of ascertaining the condition of the in-
habitants, and also to obtain refreshments on
this long voyage. Having sighted Pitcairn
it daylight on the 8th instant, vve arrived at
Bounty Bay at 8 a. m., and remained off the
island until noon the following day, when we
proceeded on our voyage. A few particulars
as to the present condition of this small and
almost inaccessible island, the only spot of
British territory lying in the vast triangle
laws. They bear
formed drawn up by the present chief magis-
trate on accession to office, and are evidently
culled from former ones now destroyed. The
almost puerile simplicity of the laws is per-
haps the best evidence of the good conduct of
the people. The law is, in Atct, merely pre-
ventive, no case of theft, fornication, or use of
profane' language (apparently the only three
crimes contemplated as possible) having been
known to occur since the laws were drawn up.
The chief magistrate is elected annually on
New Year's day, and is open to re-election.
Both sexes of and above the age of seventeen
have a vote. The office is at present filled
by James Russell McKoy, who is also steers-
man of the whale-boat, which he built, and
which is the only boat on the island. 1 have
addressed a separate letter to their lordships
relative to certain questions concerning the
"The observance of Sunday is very strict;
no work is done ; but this is not in any phari-
saical spirit, as shown on the occasion of our
visit, which chanced to be on a Sunday, when
everything consistent with not neglecting
divine service was done to supply us with re-
freshments for the crew, the chief magistrate
arguing that it was a good work, and neces-
saiy, as the ship could not wait. Of these
islanders' religious attributes no one can speak
without deep respect. A people whose great-
est privilege and pleasure is to commune in
prayer with their God, and to join in hymns
of praise, and who are, moreover, cheerful,
diligent, and probably freer from vice than
any other community, need no priest among
them. The pastor also fulfils the duty of
schoolmaster, in which he is assisted by his
daughter, Kosalind Amelia Young. The in-
struction comprises reading, writing, arith-
metic. Scripture history, and geography. The
girls learn sewing, and hat-making as well,
and the whole are taught part-singing very
effectively. Every child and unmarried wo-
man at present has to attend school from 9 to
12, and from 1 to 3 P. M. Schooling is con-
ducted in the church-house, one end of which
is used as a library open to all. English is
the only language spoken or known.
"The Pitcairn Islanders are of course en-
tirely dependent upon their own resources.
They grow sweet potatoes, yams, plantains,
&c., and formerly plenty of bread-fruit, but
these are nearly all dying out. They have
Iso beans, carrots, turnips, cabbages, and a
ttle maize; pineapples, fig-trees, custard-
apples, and plenty of oranges, lemons, and
cocoanuts. Clothing is obtained alone f
barter for refreshments.
cocoanu
passing ships.
There are no springs on the island ; but, as it
rai ns generally once a month, they have plenty
of water, although at times in former years
they have suffered from drought. No alco-
holic liquors, except for medical purposes,
are used, and a drunkard is unknown. The
houses are well ventilated, and furnished suffi-
ciently for their simple wants. There is no
money on the island except such few coins as
may be kept as curiosities."
*"• Selected.
Testimonies to the Way to Salvation.
Thomas Story, in conversation with an ac-
quaintance, explaining to him the nature of
government of the island raised by the chief gHent meetings among Friends, told him
mao-istrate. Divine service is held every Sun- u Tij^t we had been as other men, subject to
day at lOA a. m., and at 3 p. m., in the house
built and used by John Adams for that pur-
pose until he died in 1829. It is conducted
strictly in accordance with the liturgy of the
Church of England, by Simon Young, their
selected pastor, who is much respected. A
Bible class is held every Wednesday, when
all who conveniently can, attend. There is
also a general meeting for prayer on the first
Friday in every month. Family prayers are
said in every house the first thing in the morn-
int^ and the last thing in the evening, and no
food is partaken of without askingGod's bless-
in<r before and afterward. Captain Beechey,
wnting fifty-three years ago, says: 'These
excellent people appear to live together in
perfect harmony and contentment, to be vir-
tuous, religious, cheerful, and hospitable : to
be patterns of conjugal and parental affection ;
and to have very few vices.' I have ventured
to quote these words, as they hold true to this
day, the children having followed in the foot-
steps of their parents.
common infirmities and ignorant of God, as
to any experience of his presence and divine
working in us, till it pleased Him, in his own
goodness and mercy, to visit us by the Spirit
of his Son, Christ; through which we had
known a time of condemnation and humilia-
tion for sins past, and true repentance and
forgiveness; and, believing in Him, through
the°work of his spirit and power in our minds,
He, with the light and life of his Son, became
the object of our faith; by which also He sanc-
tified our hearts, and reconciled us unto him-
self; so that the enmity being slain, and we
made temples of the Holy Ghost, we now
worshipped the Father through the spirit of
his Son, in a state of faith and obedience ;
whereby we draw near unto Him, even through
that blessed medium which himself hath ap-
pointed, partaking of the nature of man ; not
of flesh and blood only as the Son of man, but
also being clothed with a holy human mind,
by Him we are made partakers of the divine
nature as the sons of God; "" '^ ■" —!tt"n
it IS written,
268
THE FRIEND.
' He sbiiU take of mine, and give it uuto you :'
And the Fatiier being made manifest in Him,
we have instructioDS in wisdom, and enjoy-
ments in the divine and blessed presence, of
which the world, in a state of nature, is not
aware ; and not more so than in a state of true
silence ; where all the passions, affections and
natural desires of the heart are silenced by
the all-commanding voice and power of the
Divine Word ; who hath said, ' Let the worlds
be and it was so.' "
Thomas Story describing a meeting in Vir-
ginia, in 1678, says: "We preached to them
the free and universal Grace of God, throuifh
Christ, for life and salvation ; endeavoringlo
turn them thereunto; that through faith there
in they might come to know the full end of
the sacrifice of the blood of Christ shed at
Jerusalem of old ! And how that such as re
joct the grace and spirit of Christ in their owr
hearts at this day, have not the benefit of that
work and sacrifice of Christ there made man
fest, but crucify to themselves the Son of God
afresh."
When Thos. Story was in Nantucket
1704, ho had some controversy with a won
whom he met with there. He says : '• The first
thing she began with, was an expression at
mine, she said I uttered in some former meet
ing, viz: 'To say that man may be saved in
his sins, by a bare belief of Christ's outward
coming in the fiesh, is a doctrine of devils.'
1 did not remember the expression, but owned
the thing lo be true ; and proved to her before
the company, that without the inward work
of the Spirit of Christ, nothing else can com-
plete our salvation."
In a letter written in 1715, Thomas Story
gives this advice to his correspondent : "And
now, dear friend, I recommend thee to God •
exhorting thee to believe in his grace triven
thee through Christ Jesus the Lord; ev'en in
the ingrafted Word which is able to save thy
soul. * * For through faith in the true
Light, and walking therein, is not only th
"Simon Magus's believing and being bap
tized, demonstrates that a bare belief that
Christ is the Messiah, or person of whom
Moses and the prophets prophesied, neither
sanclifieth or qualifies for receiving the Holy
Ghost, in a gospel sense ; but that men may
be in a state of gross sin and uncleanness not-
withstanding. And therefore let all such
superficial believers beware; for true faith is
the gift of God, and comes into the heart by
the operation of the Spirit of Christ; which
is the Holy Ghost."— /d p. 295.
NO CONCEALMENT.
Think'st thou to be concealed, thou little stream,
That through the lowly vale dost wend thy way,
Loving beneath the darkest arch to glide
Of woven branches, blent with hillock gray ?
The mist doth track thee, and reveal thy course
Unto the dawn, and a bright line of green
Tinting thy marge, and the white flocks that haste
At summer noon to taste thy crystal sheen,
Make plain thy wanderings to the eye of day—
And then thy smiling answer to the moon,
Whose beams so freely on thy bosom sleep,
Unfold thy secret, e'en to night's dull noon-
How could'st thou hope, in such a world as this,
To shroud thy gentle path of beauty and of bliss?
Think'st thou to Se concealed, thou little seed,
That in the bosom of the earth art cast,
And there, like cradled infant, sleep'st awhile.
Unmoved by trampling storm or thunder-blast?
Thou bid'st thy lime; for herald Spring shall come
And wake thee, all unwilling as thou art,
Unhood thine eyes, unfold thy clasping sheath.
And stir the languid pulses of thy heart;
The living rains shall woo thee, and the dews
Weep o'er thy bed, and ere thou art aware, ■
Forth steals the tender leaf, the wiry stem,
The trembling bud, the flower that scents the air,
And soon, to all, thy ripened fruitage tells
or the good that in thy nature dwells.
Think'st thou to be concealed, thou little thought,
That in the curtained chamber of the soul
Dost wrap thyself so close, and dream to do
A secret work ? Look to the hues that roll
O er the changed brow— the moving lip behold,
Linking thee unto speech— the feet that run '
The I
true church fellowship, but also there, and notl Upo" thy°errands, and the deeds that sta"mp
otherwise, doth the blood of Christ the Son r ^l'^ lineage plain before the noon-day sun
cleanse from all unria' ' '>t„„u.„.u ,
iness.
"The Alraightj', through his infinite and
superabundant mercy, declared by Christ the
Lord, hath given saving grace, and a suffici-
ency of it, to all mankind."
"Though saving grace is here declared to
be given unto all, as a gift from God ; yet that
salvation is not obtained but by faith in that
gift, and obedience thereunto, through the
sensible operation of it in the heart: 'For
by grace are ye saved, through faith ; and
that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God.' "
Again ; "As by the offence of one, judgment
came upon all men to condemnation ; even so,
by the righteousness of one, the free gift, came
upon all men to justification of life."— TAos.
Story, folio edition, p. 355.
"It is not our embracing true principles
and notions doctrinally, and so sitting down
under these, and an imitation of good and
Look to the pen that writes thy history "down
In those tremendous books that ne'er unclose
Until the Day of Doom, and blush to see
How vain thy trust in darkness to repose.
Where all things tend to judgment. So beware
Oh, erring human heart! what thoughts thou iod<>-e
there. °
For " The Friend "
William Bayly,
(Concluded from page 260.)
After William Bayly had thus, through deep
experience, come to that state of religious set-
tlement which he had long sought, he became
a zealous laborer for the spread of the Ee-
deemer's kingdom, both by word of mouth,
and by writing. Some of his tracts which
have been preserved are controversial in their
character, defending the truth of those doc-
trines which he professed. But the larger
part of them consist of warnings, invitations
and tender appeals, encouraging his readers
ili{„T°' ^^""^^'l} ''■•'"g "f.to Heaven, un- to turn from unrighteousness and to heed the
less we be also ,n the same life and virtue in Light of Christ in their hearts, which would
ldn.1,^ n^h"^"'" ' """'i '^" u^"^'. '°''""'' '"^^ '""^ ^'>'-^'" •" '^' ^^y °f salvation. The titles
kingdom of heaven unless they be in the na-|of some of these, as was the practice in that
ture of heaven ; which cannot be but by re- [day, are long and comprehensive. One of
generation by the Word of God; the same them is stylc?d-" A warning from the Spiri
that was made flesh and now appears a quick- of Truth unto all persecutor^ and enemies of
ening spirit. '-M p. 514. the dearchildren of God who follow the Lamb,
=„fflf- . P^ ^°^ reproves sin in mankind is 'and are the meek of the earth. And a plain
sutticient for salvation, provided It be believed information and direction for the i.rnoraiit
in and obeyed. -Id. p. 203. | who know not the way of God, nor the voice I spirVtuair One "of ^hFs' pieces
of His true prophet, who is the Light a
Life of man. With a tender visitation of Go
truth to the inhabitants and County of Po
And a call and warning of love unto the p
pie called Anabaptists. With some queri
lo be answered with God's witness in the p
fessors of the Scriptures, who have deni
the Light and Life that gave them for
Also, a terrible word to such as live in rioti
and drunkenness and unclean practices. Wi
a true voice and revelation of God unto all t
sons and daughters of the fallen Adam.'
Many of those treatises were written in t
prisons, to which he was from time to tii
committed, like many others of his brothr
in those days, for faithfulness to their n
gious principles. The one whose title is gi\
above has this subscription : "From a lov
of the Seed of promise, a witness to the etc
nal Light and power of God, and a friend
the everlasting peace of all mankind; wl
have for.sakon all to follow the Lamb in tl
paths of righteousness, truth and peace ; f
whose eternal testimony I now suffer bom
and afflictions, and am numbered among
transgressors at the House of Correction,
the common gaol at Winchester."
Another treatise styled — " The blood
of righteous Abel crying from the ground
&c., mentions that he had been in pris
Winchester nearly a year, kept close "in a
unwholesome, stinking hole, not fit for beasts
This was about the year 1658. From tht
time to 1670, a prison was his froquunt plat
of abode ; and when thus separated from h
family and friends, he appears to have bee
careful to employ his time industriously i
providing for his own wants and the wants c
those dependent on him, so far as he coulc
Among his writings is a letter to the magit
trate who had committed him to prison, com
plaining of the jailer, who had refused hin
coals, without which he was unable to worl
at his trade, though he had procured wool V
work upon ; and requested a written order ti
thejailer togive him room and liberty to worl
at his lawful calling. A few extracts from t hi
letter will show the honest sincerity, witl
which the prisoner addressed his persecutor
Thou alone art the cause of my imprison
ment almost these nine weeks, in which
have almost suffered to the death of my bodj
(being also sick when I was brouijht to pri
son), among those in whose company werl
thou but one night, it would make thy flesh
to tremble, and grieve thy soul (if thou fear-
edst God), to hear and see the filthj' conver-
sation of the wicked from day to day ; the like
wickedness, I do believe, was not found
Sodom, nor in the old world, whom God de-
stroyed with an utter overthrow. Oh ! con-
sider a little in the fear of the righteous God,
who is the righteous judge of all tnankind,
whether thou hast done unto me as thou woulds't
be done unto, who am a sufferer under thy
hand of oppression, for righteousness sake,
both in body and soul, being grieved and
vexed with the abominations that I daily hear
and see." " We are deprived of all outward i
liberty without cause, which in the day of
visitation, the witness of God in thee for mo
shall witness ; and this action of thine against
the innocent, in that day, will be as a mill-
stone about thy neck."
As might be anticipated from the thorough
character of William Bayly's religious expe-
"ence, his writings are practical and deeply
^ ' entitled "A
THE FRIEND.
269
overy of the way to everlasting peace with
" from whicia the following is condensed.
There is uo other way or name given
ireby men shall be saved, but by the power
life of the holy child Jesus, who is the
of all things, "by whom the world was
J, whom God hath given into the world,
all men through Him might believe ;
when He sent Him into the world said,
is is my beloved Son, hear ye Him ;' which
saith, ' I am come a Light into the world,
t whosoever believeth on me should not
ein darkness, but have the Light of life."
Therefore, all people upon the face of the
th, consider this a measure of the true
t of life, the Lord God of infinite mercy
iven unto you, that you should not
ish, but that by it you should be led into
nal life and peace."
Now this is the true Light of the Son of
i, Christ Jesus (who lighteth every man
t Cometh into the world), which manifost-
or showeth secretly unto you your evil
Is and unholy conversation, your lightness
vanity of mind, and letteth you see the
Iret stirrings of the pride and envy of your
irts, and checketh and reproveth you many
kes secretly for your unsavory words and
•dspeeches, and vain and wicked thoughts."
let none think within themselves, that they
ill be covered or hid by talking of [Christ's]
rds or professing his name, which is terri-
: and dreadful to all the ungodly, and that
n hopes of forgiveness of sins without de-
aling from iniquity will save them, and
it He will not bring all your hidden things
the Light, and every secret thing into jud
int, but cry out. He will be merciful unto
u and your infirmities, who live in ungod-
ess, hypocrisy and wickedness: 1 say. Wo,
m the Lord God of life and power unto all
)m that make anything their hope, cover-
f or hiding-place, but the Light, Life, and
3 pure Spirit of the living God. No man
meth to the Father, but by Him who is
5 true Light that lighteth every man that
naeth into the world ; whoso Light is in
i conscience and hearts of men, bearing
tness against all unrighteousness by them
mmitted, and reproves and condemns the
righteous grounds from whence it ariseth,
d striveth with them to lead and guide
sm in the way of holiness unto Christ the
viour, from whence it comes."
William Bayly appears to have been twice
irried. His second wife was Mary Fisher,
10, under religious concern, had visited the
Itan of Turkey, in his camp near Adrian-
le, and delivered to him the message which
e Lord had given her in charge; and who
d suffered much at the hands of the intol-
int Puritans of Boston.
His death occurred on the 1st of Fourth
jnth, 1675, whilst on the sea. The master
the vussel preserved the following simple
3ord of the closing scene :
"After some words spoken to me eoncern-
g his outward business, he desired to be re-
embered unto his dear wife and little ones;
id said, ' I have left them no portions, but
y endeavor hath been, to make God their
ither : Well, shall I lay down my head in
ace upon the waters ? God is the God of
e whole universe ; and though my body
ik, I shall swim atop of the waters.' And
ter he had lain a little while still, he called
me, and desired me to remember his dear
Whitehead, and to Friends in general; and
immediately sung, being filled with the power
fGod, saying, 'The Creating Word of the Lord
endures forever ;' and spoke several precious
words to them that sat by him, and took sev-
eral by the hand and exhorted to the fear of
the Lord, and not to fear death ; for death
was nothing in itself; for the sting of death
is sin : and said, ' Dear Friends at London that
would have been glad to have seen my face,
tell them, I go to my Father and their Father,
to my God and their God.' ' Remember,' said
he, ' my dear love to my dear wife ; she will
be a sorrowful widow ; but let her not mourn
in sorrow ; for it's well with me ;' and took
his leave of Friends, saying, ' I see not one of
you, but I wish yon all well.' Samuel Bender
(a New England Friend) asked hira how it
was with him? He said, '1 am perfectly
well;' and desired him to mind his love to
Friends in Ehode Island and New England.
He also said, 'Any of you remember my love
to Friends in Barbadoes ;' and said, 'I went
freely in tender love to them.'
" He uttered many more sensible words,
and about half an hour past four in the morn-
ing he departed, as if he had gone to sleep ;
and is at rest with the Lord, who hath given
him an everlasting crown of glory."
The passage which follows from William
Bayly's works, addressed to those who had
any share in the persecution of the Lord's
people, shows the noble spirit that animated
our early Friends in bearing the cruel and
unjust usage to which they were subjected :
"This wo would give you to understand,
That as for us, who fear and obey the Lord,
your prisons and cruel unjust dealings, and
your long furrows ye plough upon our backs
therein, is very little to us, except to the
more raising and strengthening of that life
which will never bow to your wills, or
any will of man, by transgressing the com
mands of Christ Jesus; for our eyes are not
at what ye can, or will, or have power per-
mitted you to do, or at the length of time in
which we suffer bonds under your ambitious
wills, or at any other temporal thing whatso-
ever; but to the Lord our God alone."
For "The Friend."
Thoughts and Feelings.
YE.^RLY MEETING.
The time for holding our Annual Assembly
in Philadelphia is drawing near. These are
important occasions ; and should not fail to
bring every one of its very responsible adult
members under a deep religious concern that
the Lord may in the first place be honored ;
that the "candlestick," through our unfaith-
fulness, be not "removed out of his place;"
and that the solemn duties devolving upon
such a body may be resulted not only in hui--
mony and sweetness, but in every way to the
honor of the Great Hi-ad of the Church.
It is written, "The eyes of the Lord run
to and fro throughout the whole earth, to
show himself strong on behalf of them whose
heart is perfect toward him." This condi-
tionally promised strength will no doubt be
meted in proportion to the sincerity of our
hearts in His sight, and the earnest applica-
tion of our souls unto Him, who, it is declared
"giveth liberally" when properly sought unto,
"and upbraideth not." Remembering at the
same time, that " He that cometh to God must
believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of
vetoGeorge Fox, Alexander Parker, George I them that diligently seek him.'
We hope none will presume to account the
Lord a hard master; or that there is or can
be any deficiency on His part toward the
workmanship of his hand, when also we are
assured that " God so loved the world, that he
^sent his only begotten Son," the second Adam,
the Lord from heaven to suffer and die for us ;
' to be the propitiation for our sins," and
' that we might live through him." Oh ! the
accountability then of a life so given us — of
talents so bestowed upon us — of time and op-
portunit}' so vouchsafed us — to work out a
Ivation, through obedience to the Lord's
quickening Spirit within us, which involves
no less than the eternal happiness or misery
of a never dj'ing soul.
How much to be desired is it, that, in going
up to these solemn feasts, each should en-
deavor to bear upon our minds and hearts the
obligations we owe to the Lord Jesus who has
bought us; the grave responsibilities resting
upon us, both as respects faithfulness to Hira,
and our duty to each other ; with the fearful
realities of a life no less uneertaiti as to its con-
tinuance, than " the spider's most attenuated
thread" is frail. How should these considera-
tions of our own transitoriness and nothing-
ness induce humility of mind, gentleness, for-
bearance, with such regard and deference for
and towards each other, as practically to ex-
emplify the exhortation : " Love as brethren,
be pitiful, be courteous." From the same high
authority comes the precept — "The servant
of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle
toward all men, apt to teach, patient, in meek-
ness instructing them that oppose themselves;
if God preadventure will give them repent-
ance to the acknowledging of the truth," &c.
Here, or in such a state of things, we should
be indeed a "Society of Friends ;" a city set
upon a hill. The lion and the lamb would lie
down together. Ephraim would not envy
Judah, nor Judah vex Ephraim ; nothing
should hurt nor destroy in all the Lord's holy
mountain.
Now is not such a state attainable, notwith-
standing the diversity of sentiment there will
almost of course be where so many are assem-
bled? While we in no wise claim that such
coveted results could arise from any inherent
power or begetting of our own, we neverthe-
less are persuaded that He, the Prince of
Peace, the God of love, the compassionate
Shepherd, the Healer of breaches, and who is
able to still the troubled sea, and to subdue
all things unto himself, will, as He is looked
unto, and prayerfully sought, so bring the
spirits of those assembled into subjection to
Hira even as the heart of one man, that the
acknowledgment might be made now as it
was aforetime : It is good for me to be here.
Truth and peace reign. The Lord our God
is glorified. "The horse and his rider hath
he cast into the sea."
The whole is made up of, and is equal to
the sum of all its parts. Would that we as
individuals — and I write by no means as one
that hath attained — might so grow in the
groundwork and root of religion, might so
build over against our own houses, might so
experience the life and power of godliness
each for himself, that when assembled in a
Yearly Meeting capacity we might each,
through power from on high, help to edify the
body in love; that thus we might, as lively
stones, be built up a spiritual house, accept-
able to God through Jesus Christ.
The angel, as recorded in Revelation, act-
!70
THE FRIEND.
dressed tbo churches formerly very difterently.
Ephesus, with many good deeds noted, had
laid to its charge this sad lapse : " Thou hast
left thy first love." This they were required
to remember and to repent of, lest chastise-
ment and loss should quickly come upon them.
Smyrna had those who said they were Jews,
but were not. While some of this church
were to bo cast into prison, and to have tribu
lation. the following language was encour
agingly addressed to it : " But thou art rich ;'
and, " Fear none of those things which thou
Shalt suffer:" "Be thou faithful unto death,
and I will give thee a crown of life." Per-
gamos is represented as dwelling ■' where Sa-
tan's seat is ;" with having Balaamites among
them, and those holding the doctrine of the
Nicolaitanes, which the Lord hated. Of these
they were to repent. To this church is the
assurance given : "I know thy works;" and
that "Thou boldest fast my name, and hast
not denied my faith." Thyatira, it is stated,
had " that woman Jezebel, which calleth her-
self a prophetess, to teach and to seduce my
servants," &c. To it was communicated the
testimony : " All the churches shall know that
I am he which searcheth the reins and the
hearts; and I will give unto every one of you
according to your'works." While uuto the
faithful therein it was added: "I will put
upon you none other burden. But that which
ye have already hold fast till I come." The
angel of the church of Sardis was admoni-
tively addressed with : " I know thy works.
that thou mayest see." To which is affixed
the impressive and instructive lessons: "As
many as I love, I rebuke and chasten: be
zealous therefore and repent. Behold, I stand
at the door, and knock : If any man hear my
voice, and open the door, I will come in to him,
and will sup with him, and he with me."
In the churches severally, the promise is
encouragingly sweet and full to the overcom-
ing ones : viz. — They shall " eat of the tree of
life:" they "shall not be hurt of the second
death," they shall partake "of the hidden
manna;" they shall have given "the morning
star;" they shall "be clothed in white rai-
ment;" they shall be made "pillars in the
temple of my God ;" they shall have the grant
" to sit with me on my throne," &c.
It may be well to ask. How would the
churches bearing our name, stand now the
Omniscient scrutiny of Him whose eyes are
as a flame of fire, and who searcheth the reins
and the heart, such as the seven churches in
Asia were subjected to? Would, that we
might lay these things to heart individually.
Would, that we might not only submit to be
searched, as we must all sooner or later
but that we might ask it now as David did ;
"Search me, O God, and knovv my heart; try
me, and know my thoughts; and see if there
be any wicked way in me, and lead me in the
way everlasting." If this were more the case
throughout the length and breadth of Phila-
delphia Yearly Meeting, we believe that a
stir would be witnessed in the camp, and that
For " The Fiic
that thou hast a name that thou livest, andlthe fruits of the Spirit would be more seen
art dead. Be watchful, and strengthen the among the one's, the two's and the three's of
things which remain, that are ready to die ;
for I have not found thy works perfect before
God." Nevertheless, to this church are the
relieving words: "Thou hast a few names
even in Sardis which have not defiled their
garments; and they shall walk with me in
white : for they are worthy.!' The church of
Philadelphia was commended for its patience,
its Christian fidelitj^, its steadfast endurance
of suffering. It was told, "I have set before
thee an open door, and no man can shut it :
for thou hast a little strength, and hast kept
my word, and hast not denied my name."
Those who said they were Jews and were not,
were to be made " to come and worship be-
fore thy feet, and to know that I have loved
thee." And how encouraging is what follows :
"Because thou hast kept the word of my
patience, I will also keep thee from the hour
of temptation, which shall come * * to try
them that dwell upon the earth. Behold I
come quickly : hold that fast ivhich thou hast,
that no man take thy crown." To Laodicea,
"The Amen, the faithful and true Witness,"
emploj'ed the same words that were used to
each of the churches, viz : " Iknma thy works."
Which works, in the present case, were sor-
rowfully defective ; their grapes were those of
gall, iheir clusters were bitter. Because luke-
warm, and neither cold nor hot, it was rejected
as extremely offensive in the Divine sight.
More denunciator}' words could hardly be
used than those addressed to this self exalted,
rich and full in their own eyes, but very apos-
tate church. "Because thou sayest, I am
rich, and increased with goods, and have need
of nothing; and knowest not that thou art
wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind,
and naked: I counsel thee fo buy of me gold
our heritage. The query would more be,
" Tell me, O Thou whom ray soul loveth,
where thou feedest," &c. Also, in humility
and contrition of soul, "Lord, what wilt thou
have me to do?" Then would the church
be strengthened by the co-operation of more
of our middle-aged and younger members, like
to the princes of the provinces formerly com-
ing up to the help of the Lord against the
mighty. Then would her brightness again,
as in earlier days, break forth " as the morn-
ing; fair as the moon, clear as the sun, and
terrible (to the man of sin) as an army with
banners." And then also, would she increas
ingly become as the "garden enclosed," re-
presented in Canticles, upon which the north
wind and the south were to blow, to bring
out the spices, whereupon the Beloved would
" come into his garden, and eat his pleasant
fruits."
May the Lord of hosts " be for a crown of
glory and a diadem of beauty" unto our
proaching annual assembly; may He be "for
a spirit of judgment to him that sitteth in
judgment, and for strength to them that turn
the battle to the gate ;" and may His will bo
done.
If you reject the counsel of God against your-
selves, and refuse to be crucified with Christ,
and to be baptised with his baptism, you will
never have life ; but by his baptism, and
through the heavenly operation of his Spirit,
if thou hast faith in Christ's name, thou shalt
be married to Him in everlasting righteous-
ness.— W. Dewshury.
The Lord's ways are not as tho ways of
....,,., , - - „ men, who mark tho f;iilings of their fellow-
tnea in the pre, that thou mayost be rich ; and creatures with a rigorous severity and often
white raiment, that thou mayest bo clothed: exact from them the utmost fai
and anoint thine eyes with cyc-salvc, l(S':o^^.
itmost farthing.— jS".
Some Extracts from tlic Diary and letters of Ebei
Worth.
The character of Ebonezor Worth
marked by meekness, patience, and humil
happily blended with firmness in tho supj
of what ho believed to be right. He was
son of Samuel and Sarah Worth, and ■
born in Bast Bradford, Chester Co., Pen
the 28th of 8th mo. 1803. He died in
house in which he was born, 6th mo. 1(
1877. A member of the legal professior
Philadelphia, in writing to the compile)
these notes, not long after the decease
E. W., used this expressive language : " I ^
made acquainted with his character from
labors in behalf of the Indians, and/row liv
within the atmosphere of his life for sevt
ummers. He appeared to mo like Abraht
as a prince among men, who humbly ' waiy
with God.' He seemed to me one who clain
no deference, yet was one to receive i
blessings pronounced upon ' the poor in spi
the mook, the thirsters after righteousne
the merciful, the pure in heart, and the pea
maker.'" Whilstthusenumeratingthe char.
toristics of a fellow man, let us bear ii:
membrance that he was what he was,
Grace, not by nature. In the Memorial issu
by Bradford Monthly Meeting respecting hi
it is said, " He possessed naturally a strong
an active mind, and a resolute dispositioi
There is little doubt but that he had much
overcome, and how encouraging it is to knc
that tho Power which so efl:ectually wrou"
in him to bring into subjection a strong \v
is still able and willing to help us, if we w
only bo as faithful and obedient as he was
yielding our hearts unreservedly to its seer
yet effectual operations. The expression
the above extract, from one who was co
paratively a stranger, " Having spent sevei
summers within the atmosphere of his lift
's remarkable. It would appear that the u
■igbt walk of our dear friend had been
as to affect the moral atmosphere around h
residence, bringing to mind the declaration
George Fox, that one honest Quaker wou
shake tbo country for ten miles around h
Sitting in silence bj' his quiet death-bod sid
he expressed in substance his satisfiiction
having the company of those who loved tl
Truth ; and after a little time of silence, a
dressing the writer by name, said, "I ?iow h
lieve that my trials have been my greate
blessings." JSTot much conversation passe
but what he did say, has been remembere
with encouragement in times of trial since.
A day or two, perhaps tho day before h
departure, he desired to bo undisturbed b
visitors of any kind, and shortly prior to tt
close expressed his wish that when the spir
left the body all should remain silent for tb
space of one hour.
He was a successful farmer, his farm bein
noted for its fertility and good manag<
raent. He was one who loved retirement, an
was frequently engaged to wait upon his D
vino Master for right direction, and for th
consolations of His Spirit. It was a gratif
cation to his numerous friends and relative
to find, after his decease, in his own hanc
writing, some account of his exercises
engagements whilst residing among the Ic
dians and after his return home. They ap
pear to be written in much simplicity. Per
mission has been kindlj- granted to mak
some selections from the diary as well as fron
THE FRIEND.
271
le letters that have been preserved. It has
n found necessary to make somo verbal
iratioDS, but a care is exercised to preserve
simplicity and sense of his expressions.
3 memoranda commence 9th mo. 12th,
He remarks :
' I have thought for some time of keeping
ttle account of ray getting along, but as I
' about to commence it, I feel it to be a
'imn thing. May I be favored to do it un-
; that covering of His life-giving presence
'ich alone can qualify for any good work :
tbes with humility, and gives unto us liv-
faith ; blessed forever be His great and
jellent name.
'Being this morning favored with a good
;ree of comfortable feeling, I commence to
te some account of the dealings of a kind
I merciful God to me, a poor sinner. Some
le before leaving home to reside on Friends'
m at Tunesassa, to assist and instruct the
lians living on the Allegheny reservation,
bink after 1 was pretty well settled in the
ief that it would be required of me, it was
rcifully permitted that I should be attacki-d
th disease of a singular character, which
8 remarkably calculated to humble me and
• my faith. 1 felt at times much humbled
1 tried, fearing it might not be understood,
1 cast a reproach on my character and re-
Jtions on the blessed Truth, of which I had
,de some profession ; but I was at times so
Tiforted and strengthened, that I could
lost rejoice in my afflictions, being wonder-
ly favored with His life-giving presence,
is trial was wisely ordered, being in many
pects a blessing to me. By it I was much
mbled, and at times given up to serve my
vine Master, and was enabled to lay my
icern before my friends; they having sym-
Lhized with me, I think, were better pre-
red to give me up. 1 was favored during
8 trial with faith to believe that the Lord
uld preserve me if I kept my eye single
i gave up all unto Him, which I have ex
"ienced, greatly' to my comfort since I left
r friends. It has been very strengthening
i comforting to mo, and may 1 ever
:mber it with leelings of gratitude to the
3at Giver of all good, that my little meet-
's have for the most part, 1 trust, been
ned by His life-giving presence.
■' 10th rao. 1st. Had my sitting by myself,
lich was pretty comfortable. In the after-
on, feeling as i(' it might be right to do so,
id a visit to John Watt and family ; his wife
,s unwell, the visit appeared to be kindly
ieived, I thought I was favored ; left them
d went to Owen Blacksnake, paid a visit
his family, and returned home feeling com-
table : Blessed be the name of Israel's Shep
rd, for he fails not to be with those who
•ve Him.
' 10th mo. 3rd. Of the past week, I kept
lool on Second and Third-days ; had ray
ting on Fourth-da}'. On Fifth-day went to
eat Valley to start the school. Attending
feelings over which I think I had no con
)l, I was well directed, and although I la
red under discouragements, I was merci
ly favored with a degree of faith which
imed to bear me up, feeling in my proper
ice, and a comfortable dependence on Di
le Providence.
" On Fifth-day night, the 5th of the month,
lid at George Titus' ; spent the evening in
Qversation with George and other Indians;
3art of the time on the subject of religion,
in which I thought I was mercifully favored,
and in a good degree comforted. I think
George was in raeusure affected.
" 10th mo. 18th. I have been writing two
letters, in which I thought I was favored, and
feel comforted in the evidence of His loving-
kindness, who is the Helper of them that put
their trust in Him."
THE FRIEND.
FOURTH MONTH 5, 1879.
When education is spoken of in common
conversation, it is usually understood to apply
only to scholastic study of literary and scien-
tific subjects ; and we fear the restriction of
the term to these limited ideas, has been at-
tended in the minds of many parents with a
very inadequate appreciation of the duty they
owe to their children, in training them for
future usefulness and the fulfilment of the ob-
ject of their existence in the Divine sight.
Taken in its true and broad sense, education
begins with the infant at its birth, through
the example of the parents,associates, or care-
takers, and they lead the child to imitate their
own actions, as its capacity of body and mind
expands to grasp them. The tones of voice,
the expression of the countenance, the sym-
pathy or indifference of the mother, may all
form an important element in moulding the
future character of her child. The Scriptures
inform us that the four-andtwenty elders who
sat around the heavenly throne, when they
bowed in adoration before the Almighty, ex-
claimed, "For Thou hast cri3ated all things,
and for thy pleasure they are and were creat-
ed." What an exalted view does it give us of
the importance of life and the education of
immortal being, to reflect on thissolemn truth,
and that for ihe pleasure of the Omnipotent
One the helpless infant has been called into
existence, and so many years of its early lif
are committed to the necessary and fostering
care of the parents. It was declared of Abra
ham by the Lord, that " All the nations of the
earth shall be blessed in him, for I know him
that he will command his children and his house-
hold after him, and they shall keep the way
of the Lord, to do justice and judgment; that
the Lord may bring upon Abraham that which
He hath spoken of him." A just and appre-
ciative consideration of the parental obliga
tion, and the probable influence for good or
evil which their own temper, conduct, and
precepts will exercise over the future of theii
children, will surely lead them to seek ear
nestly for Divine grace to fit them for the high
oflSce they have assumed; and the primary
stages of childhood prior to their attendance
at school, will not be neglected as unimport
ant. It is at this early stage of life, that we
fear many parents lose the best opportunity
for moulding the plastic character of theii
oftspring to the ways of religion and truth,
The fattier may be much engrossed in provid-
ing for the physical wants of his increasing fa-
mily. The evening hours may be spent in relax-
ation, reading, or business, in which the chil-
dren do not share. The mother, perhaps,
thinks the attendance at a place of worship
twice a week, and family reading in the Bible
on First-days, all that duty calls for at her
hands in the way of religious instruction.
The children see that the chief concern of
their parents, is to obtain the comforts and
perhaps elegancies of life, and the artairs of
eternity are evidently subordinate to those of
temporal existence. Can the tendency of
uch education fail to lead the youth into the
same unmindfulness of Him for whose plea-
sure the}' were created ? We answer annually
n our disciplinary meetings the question re-
lating to reading the Holy Scriptures in our
families. A jealousy has often arisen on these
occasions, lest a mere formal compliance with
the advices of our discipline on the subject, by
reading once a week or so with the family,
should satisfy the consciences of parents and
caretakers; and also, that overseers in fram-
ing these answers, should assume as true what
is merely surmise, in regard to the frequent
reading of the Holy Scriptures by the mem-
bers of their meetings. Some observation in
visiting in Friends' families, has led to a feel-
ing of regret, that the daily assembly of the
household for this purpose is not customary
with all. If the children see that their father
so far values spiritual things over temporal,
as to spare a half hour in the morning from
his farm or shop to peruse a chapter in the
Bible, and wait in spirit on their heavenly
Father for Divine help and guidance during
the day, we believe it will have an educating
tendency in the highest sense, on both parents
and children.
When religiously concerned parents send
their children away from the paternal roof to
boarding schools to acquire their literary ed-
ucation, it involves the serious consideration
of a relinquishment on their part of that per-
sonal influence on them which homo and its
associations previously aftorded. The officers
and instructorsin these institulionsare thence-
forth to be the examples most prominently
before the youth both as to precept and con-
duct ; whilst the companionship of many chil-
dren of their own age, and of various charac-
ters, may have a powerful influence for good
or evil not hitherto felt. The means of scien-
tific and literary culture may be all that the
anxious parents could wish, but the new ele-
ments brought to bear on the moral and
religious education of the objects of their
solicitude, may be such as to overthrow the
teachings of the home circle. It is quite
impracticable for each pupil in a largo school
to receive that parental care which is bestowed
at home; and teachers often feel that they
have full occupation if they keep jDaeo with the
demands of modern education in imparting
scholastic instruction : yet, there are oppor-
tunities for conscientious instructors to instil
Christian sentiments incidentally in the course
of their secular teaching, as well as to exhibit
in their daily lives and manners those Chris-
tian virtues which form a powerful means of
leading young persons to value and imitate
their example. There are few situations in
life, perhaps, where there is more need for
grace in a sanctified heart to preserve a just
balance of conduct than that of a teacher of a
large school. The occasions of irritation to
the temper are frequent and strong, and its
display by him generally disastrous, both to
his good moral influence over the children
and the efficiency of his tutelage. The im-
portance of becoming a learner in the school
of Christ, preparatory to entering upon the
onerous and serious service of governing and
guiding the youthful mind, cannot be too
strongly felt by those who seek or occupy
such stations. If the heart has, by the inahin-
272
THE FRIEND.
ing of Christ the true Light, been led to see
its own defects and corruption, and under the
burden of a sense of its sins to come unto
Him for reconciliation and a new life, such
will experience the fulfilment of his promise
to receive all such, in order that they may
take His yoke upon them and learn of Him.
To these He imparts meekness and lowliness
of heart, and they find rest to their hitherto
dissatisfied spirits. This is the true training-
school for teachers of youth, who would enter
that vocation not merely to gain a livelihood,
but to live to his glory who created them for
that object. And may we not say, no more
honorable calling or sphere of usefulness, no
loftier ambition than thus to fill it, could be
proposed to the youthful mind.
The Committee who have charge of West-
town Boarding School, wo believe, have lono-
felt the importance of these considerations^
and have evinced it by having a sub-Com-
mittee under appointment for two years past,
to give special attention to the religious care
of the children placed in that institution.
This concern on their part has doubtless been
a relief to many of those parents who have
parted with their children for some years, in
order to give them the benefit of the course
of instruction taught there, and we trust
may be fostered in future with sedulous care.
Education, as it does not begin with the
school, so it does not end there; nor indeed
with the period of adolescence. What errors
of judgment and mistakes in management
have many young persons made on setting
out in life, from the conceit that having ar-
rived at years of legal majority and holding
the diploma of a sfhool, a college or academj-,
they were fully prepared to guide their own
course, without the advice of their more ex-
perienced relatives or friends! Those who
have become the most eminent for their wis-
dom have realized the truth, that life i^ a
continuous and daily school, in which humil-
ity and docility in receiving its varied lessons
are the necessary avenues to true knowledge ;
and that a readiness to unlearn the false, andl-e-
linquish unsound conclusions, when the Light
of truth reveals their errors, is an essential
condition to progress in wisdom, even to the
close of life. "A wise man feareth and de
purteth from evil ; but the fool rageth and is
confident."
will not be afl'ected, as they have taken steps to test
the
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— Professor Andrew Dickson White,
President of Cornell University, has been appointed by
President Hayes, Minister to Germany.
In tlie United States Senate a general change of ol
cers has been made. The Committee on Privilege and
Election decided that C. H. Bell, appointed by the
Governor of New Hampshire to fill a vacancy,
entitled to a seat. Senator Hoar introduced a loint
resohition, declaring that the refusal by one House of
Congress to make necessary provision for the support
of the departments of the Government, except upon
condition that the other House and the President shall
assent to legislation which thev disapprove, is uncon-
stitutional and revolutionary. The resolution was laid
on the table by a party vote.
1 .,f ''\Houge is engaged on the Army Appropriation
biU_; the sitting on the 29th being occupied with the 6th
section, which repeals the statute authorizing the use
ol troops at election polls.
The Tennessee House of Representatives have amend-
ed the Senate bill to adjust the State debt, by striking
out forty' and substituting "fifty" cents. It is be-
leved the Senate will agree to this rate, but it is not
known whether the bondholders will accept the fi<^ure
The Governor of Louisiana has signed the bifl re- . >.„^,„,, _^„e „anK o
pealing the charter of the Louisiana State Lottery, meeting of the proprietors
The officers of the lottery comoanv sav their hnsinP^Jtho „J — « k <■'-.?. ,V^.
the constitutionality of the act in the U. S. courts.
The Texas cattle-drive, for 1879, is estimated will
be from 175,000 to 200,000 head ; the greater proportion
of these yearlings and two-year olds. The margin in
this business is now so close, that buyers hesitate before
signing a contract. Profits are estimated by cents
almost, where they were formerly calculated by dollars.
Cattle in Western Texas are scarce, and with the little
profit now made, there are many advocates of stopping
the drive for a few years, in order to restock the coun-
try, and thereby reduce the supply, and consequently
increase the demand in the North. The competition
from Kansas would prove, however, a drawback to the
success of this course.
The total tonnage of anthracite coal from all the re-
gions in this State, for the week ending on the 22d ult.,
amounted to 406,205 tons, against 132,349 tons in the
corresponding week last year. Of bituminous coal there
were 66,156 tons, against 32,594 of last year. The
auction sale of 109,000 tons of Scranton coal in New
York on the 26th, realized lower prices than at any
public sale in that market for a long lime.
The exports from Philadelphia during the past week
amounted in value to 1816,746. Of this amount the
steamship Castello, for Liverpool, took out a caro-o
valued at $125,948.60. Of the whole amount there
were !t.310,313 in wheat ; $137,282 in corn ; $1.58,400 in
petroleum ; $123,000 in flour, and $196,257 in miscel-
laneous goods. There are now in port 176 vessels en-
gaged in loading and unloading. Of that number 21
are steamships, 18 ships, 54 barks, 23 brigs and 60
schooners.
A private letter received in New Y^ork from Rome,
contains the following: "The American locomotive
that was on exhibition at Paris last year, has been
making a tour through France, Italy and Switzerland,
with the most brilliant success. She attracted great at-
tention at all the places where we stopped, and drew
large crowds."
" The trade in American coal is growing steadily. A
negotiation is now pending for 100,000 tons. The first
cargo arrived in Marseilles in 1st month of 1878, and
the most of it was sent from there to Genoa. Since
that cargo, there have been twenty-one shipments. All
who have tried American coal are well plea.sed with it
and the indications are favorable for a fine trade. The
Pans Exhibition did a great deal towards popularizing
American products in Europe."
Reports from difierent parts of Pennsylvania indicate
that the manufacturing industries are improving. The
rail factory of the Pottstown Iron Company is working
on double time. The Lackawana Iron and Coal Com-
pany have doubled their steel mill force to meet the in-
creased demand for steel. At Danville, Erie and other °^ ^'"'^ month,
points, work is being resumed.
There were 309 deaths reported in Philadelphia dur-
ing l-he past week. Of whom 188 were adults and 121
children — 50 being under one year of age.
Jlarkels, &C.—U. S. sixes, 1881, 1061; 5-20s, 1868,
4 s, 1907, 994.
Cotton.— Sales of middlings at lOJ a lOJ cts per lb
for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum.— Crude 8 a 8i cts. in barrels, and standard
white, at 9 a 9i cts. for export, and 10 cts. per gallon
for home use. Refined cotton-seed oil, 41 a 42 cts ;
Lin.seed, 61 a 62 cts. from American seed, and 62 a 63
cts. per gallon from crushers' hands ; sperm, crude 85
a 88 cts., refined 97 cts. a $1 per gallon. '
^'""''■T''^'^ market quiet and steady: Minnesota
extra at $4.50 for medium, to $4.90 for fancy • Penn-
sylvania $4.75 for good, to $5.00 for fancy ; western,
S4./5a$5..50; patent and other high grades, $6.25 a
$7.50._ Rye flour, $2.75 per barrel.
<jrai"-— Wheat dull and unsettled. Penna. red, $1.15
$1.15J ; Peuna. and southern amber, $1.10 a $1 17
Corn, 40 a 43 cts. Oats, mixed, at 30 a 31 cts. • white"
," or surplus, $17,281,410. It was deten
to declare a dividend for the half year of £5
cent., which would take $4,183,985. This div
compares to a 4J per cent, rate of distribution,
of England stock, for £100 par, sold at the time (
meeting at £262i. The total capital is $72,765,0i
The five leading English railways paid th(
aggregate sum of £101,507 during the last half y
personal injuries and loss and damage of goods I:
cidents on their lines.
Much distrust has been caused in financial circl
the open avowal of the Oriental Bank Corporati
its losses. A depreciation in the value of all
shares has followed.
The under Secretary for India has introduced :
into the House of Commons . authorizing the raisi:
£10,000,000 for service in India for the ordinar'
penses of the current year.
It is reported the financial difliculties of Turkey
become so pressing as to alarm the English Go-
ment, and a serious eflbrt is about to be made for
help.
In the House of Lords on the 29th ult., while th(
pression of agriculture and commerce was under
ideration. Lord Beacon.sfield acknowledged thede
sion in agriculture was unprecedented, but the de]
was anticipated when protection was abolished
was estimated that the public wealth had dl
£80,000,000, and the area of land under cultivation
iminished one million acres. He suggests tha
:iquiry as to the change in value of the precious m^
and its effect on English industry, might be desiral
A Vienna dispatch to the Daily News says, tht
newed floods in Hungary have covered 12,000 1
land which has already been sown, and the liv
12,000 people are endangered.
Correspondence of the Times, dated Arment, Ui
Egypt, Second month 24th, gives a heartrending
count of the condition of the people of the Nile va^
The scenes described resemble those in India du
the recent famine. In some villages the people
past help, eating roots, and suffering with the enduri
of despair.
The 10th Annual Meeting of the " Indian Aid A
elation of Friends of Philadelphia Y'early Meeti
will be held in Arch Street Meeting-house, Phila
phia,_on Fifth-day, Fourth month 24th, 1879, at f
Friends generally are invited to attend.
Richard Cadbury, Cler
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Summer Session opens on Second-day, the
Fifth month. Parents and others who intend to s
pupils, will please make application to Benjamin
Passmobe, Supt., (address. Street Road P. 0., Chi
Co., Pa.,) or to Charles J. Allen, Treasurer,
Arch St., Philadelphia.
Early application is requested when convenient.
TO RENT— The dwelling house connected 1
Haddonfield Monthly Meeting School. A Friei
family is desired. Apply to
Samuel Nicholson,
Charles L. Willits,
Haddonfield, N. J
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
i a 32J- cts.
Seeds— Clover is dull and weak at 5 a 6 cts. for fair
and choice. Timothy and Flaxseed unchanged.
Hay and Straw.— Average price during the week :—
Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts. ; mixed, 45 a 55 cts. • straw
70 a 80 cts. per 100 pounds. '
Beef cattle were in fair demand, and prices \ cent
higher. Extra Pennsylvania and western .steers- 5J a
6 cts. ; for fair to good, 4^ a 5 cts. ; and common, 3J a 4
cts. per pound. Sheep, good, 6a6Jcts.; medium, 5i
I J "I'^V,™"^ """,".' ■^L^ ^ •'"' •'" P"""*!- C'"^^'« were
dull, 150 head sold at $25 a «:!5. 11,,-. weii' in fair
demand and .sold a 6 a 0i| cl
Foreign.— The Bank
wanted for the Boys' J)epartment,
ter on her duties at the beginning of the Sumu
ision. Application may be made to
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Chester Co., P
Susanna F. Sharpless, Street Road, "
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, New Jersey.
Elizabeth R. Evans, 322 Union St., Philada.
lottery company say their business] the net profit
1:mhI. ,■,( ||„. h;,irv,.:irly
'■ \-liU ir, St., anil. Minced
to be $4,167,276, and
Died, at her residence in Germantown, on the mo
ing of the 1st of Second mo. 1879, Elizabeth, wid
of the late James R. Greevcs, in the 76th year of 1
age, a member of Germantown Particular and Frai
ford Monthly Meeting.
, at her.residence in Tuckerton, Burlington C
N. J., Third month 22nd, 1879, Zilpha Shinn, in 1
86th year of her age, an esteemed member of Little E
Harbor Monthly Meeting of Friends. Her ordei
and humble life was such, that her relatives and frier
have a comfortable hope that through redeeming lo
and mercy she has been gathered into everlasting res
and that it may be said, " Blessed are the pure in he:
for they shall see God." '
WIlZfAMTlTKLETPRINTERr"
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
TOIi. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FOURTH MONTH
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
e, if pa'ui in advance, S2.00 per annum ; if not paid
n advance J2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Sibicrtptioaa anil Piiyraents received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
so. 116 N'OSTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
Selected.
On the Resurrertion of Jesas Christ.
BY OLINTHUS GREGORY.
Several of the facts recorded in the Chris-
D Scriptures have this to distinguish them
m others, that they are intimately con-
;ted with doctrines; so intimately indeed,
it the doctrine grows out of the fact, and
it, conseq-.iently, the denial of the fact
ises the annihilation of the doctrine, and
)vents the springing forth of those happy
3Ct8 which the doctrine is calculated to pro-
co. Thus the resurreeiion of Jesus Christ
t fact ; our resurrection is a doctrine founted
an that fact. The denial of one requires
3 renunciation of the other. "If," say.s
ul, "there be no resurrection of the dead,
in is Christ not risen : and if Christ be not
en, then is our preaching vain, and j-our
this also vain." And again, "If we believe
it Jesus Christ died, and rose again, even
them also which sleep in Jesus, will God
ng with him." Thus, also, the ascension
Jesus Christ to heaven is a fact; his return
im thence to judge the world is a dependent
eirioe. Thus spake the angels to the dis
(les at the ascension of our Lord : " Why
md yo gazing up into heaven ? This same
3us, which is taken up from you into heaven,
all so come, in like manner as ye have seen
m go into heaven." "Shall come to bead-
red in his saints, and to be glorified in all
em that believe."
Hence, since the most exalted hopes of a
iristian, the most animating doctrines of his
ligion, have, for their basis, the fact of the
isurrection of Jesus Christ; it is requisite
at his faith in that fact be firmly "rooted
d grounded." And, happily, the general
idences in confirmation of so important
event flow from various and satisfactory
urces. As from the predictions of Jesus
irist, that at a certain time he should raise
mself from the dead. From the fact that,
this precise time, his body was not to b
und in the sepulchre, although the most
Actual precautions had been taken to pre
-nt its removal. Prom the positive testi
ony of 7nany, that after this time they saw
in, conversed with him, the most incredu
IS touched and felt him, to remove their
mbts, and all received from him those iu-
ructions on which they acted in promul-
iting his Gospel. From the clumsy and self
sstructive stoiy invented by the Jews in
mtradictiou of this fact. And from the suc-
cess which attended the preaching and declar
ng that he was "crucified and raised from
the dead."
It is not my intention to enlarge upon these
various sources of evidence; but merely, as
suming (as I may now, t trust, fairly do) the
genuineness of the first four books of the New
Testament, to describe, briefly, the leading
circumstances of Christ's resurrection, and
several appearances previous to his ascension ;
1 then to adduce a few general, though, I
hope, unanswerable arguments, in favor of
this extraordinary' event.
The circumstances of the Eesurrection of
Jesus Christ, and the subsequent appearances,
as they may be collected from the accounts
of the several Evangelists, have been related
ith slight variations by ditfereiit authors.
The order I shall adopt appears to me as free
from objeciion, and as little exposed to the
cavils of unbelievers, as any I have met with.
To render this history the more perspicuous,
t may be proper to begin with reminding
you, that, when Jesus Cniist was led to be
crucified, a great company of his friends and
icquaintance followed, bewailing and lament-
ng him. Among the rest was his own mo-
ther, who, with two mora of her name, and
the apostle John, stood so near him, that he
could speak to them. VVhilo he was nailed to
the cross, he consigned his mother to John's
care, it appearing that she was then a widow.
This beloved disciple, probably, took her im
mediately to his own house, before the three
hours' supernatural darkness, that she might
not be there to see him expiring. But the
other two women continued there still, as well
as many more who stood farther off. When
the darkness was over, and our Lord had
yielded up his spirit, they were there still;
and all of them attended till he was buried.
It should seem, also, that the two Marys
waited later than the rest, till all was over,
and he was laid in the sepulchre. A consider-
able company of the women seem to have
agreed to embalm their Lord's body early on
the third day; they therefore that evening
prepared what time and circumstances would
admit, and rested on the sabbath, conforn\a-
bly with the commandment.
Not so the priests and pharisees. With all
their pretended zeal for the Sabbath, they
were very busy on that day, consulting, agree-
ing, preparing an address, waiting with it on
Pilate, obtaining a guard, sealing the stone,
and setting all safe. This was their sabbath-
employment. B}^ the end of the day all was
as safe as they could make it. But very early
on the following morning, the first day of the
week, i. e. about the break of day, or a little
earlier, an angel descended from heaven, came
and rolled back the stone from the entrance
of the grave, and sat upon it, regardless of
The keepers or guards
either seal or guard.
priests, and related what had happened : the
chief priests and elders " gave large money to
the soldiers," saying, "Say ye. His disciples
came by night, and stole him while we slept."
About the lime of the earthquake wtiich
occurred on the descent of the angel, the two
Marys were preparing to go very early to see
whether all about the sepulchre was safe, be-
fore the rest of the company could go. Either
they called on Salome, or met hor in tlieir
way; and as all three passed on towards the
sepulchre, being desirous, probably, to begin
to embalm the body before their friends arrive.
they said among themselves, Who shall roll
us away the stoue from the door of the sepul-
chre?" All this time they knew nothing of
the guard, or of th ) opening of the grave:
but as they came near tha sepulchre " at the
rising of the sun," they looked forward, " and
saw that the stone was rolled away; " for it
was very gr-^at." This, as was natural, caused
a multiplicity of varying Oinotloiis in their
minds. Mary Magdalene, being at once warm
her affection, and anxious in her disposi-
tion, oneluded that the body was stolen ; and
would therefore go no farther, but hastily ran
back to tell Peter and John what she had
seen, and what she thought : those two zealous
disciples, therefore hastened thither to ascer-
tain the truth of her relation. Bit while she
ran bick, the other Mary and Salome ap-
proached nearer to the sepulchre. The angel,
who formerly sat on the stone to terrify the
guard, had by this time moved into the sepul-
chre ; for Christ rose and went out as soon as
the stone was rolled avvay: and though tho
women were near enough to see tho st'>ne,
they could see no angel upon it before Mary
Magdalene ran back. Mary and Salome thus
advancing, they fjund no obstruction, and re
solved to ascertain whether the body was
taken away or not. Just entering, therefore,
into the sepulchre, they save the angel, who
invited them farther in, to " behold tho place
where the Lord had lain." But they were
affrighted : so the angel told them " the Lord
was risen," directed them to go and inform
his disciples, and Peter ; and to tell them,
moreover, that they should see him in Galilee ;
as he had assured them previous to his cruci-
fixion. The women, under tho joint influence
of fear, joy, and amazement, ran away, saying
nothing to any one, but fled trembling. They
were just gone when Mary Magdalene arrived
the second lime, with Peterand John, though
it was yet early^ Tho two disciples, before
they reached the sepulchre, ran quicker than
Mary : the angel having now disappeared, the
two men went into the sepulchre, found the
body was not there, but saw the grave-clothes
lying folded up, indicating that there had been
no indecent haste. John believed " the Lord
was risen:" but they both soon went away
home without seeing him. Mary Magdalene
were terrified at his appearance, and became now tarried behind, to weep alone, appearing
as dead men. Eecovering themselves a little, |in much doubt as to what had become of the
however, some of them went to the chief | body of Jesus. While in this mournful, anx-
THE FRIEND.
ious state of mind she stooped down and
looked earnestly into the sapulehre, whero
she saw two angels, one at the head, the other
at the t'ect, where the body had lain. They
asked why she wept: she replied it was be-
cause she had lost her Lord ; and as she made
the answer, she in haste looked another way
and saw Jesus : but not knowing him, being
half blinded by her apprehensions and her
tears, she supposed it was the gardener who
cultivated the garden in which ih'i sepulchre
was, and therefore said to him, "Sir, if thou
hast borne him hence, toll me where thou hast
laid him, and I will take him away." Then
Jesus made himself known unto her. This
therefore was his first appearance after his
resurrection, to any of his people: and it was
early. Mary Magdalene depaited immediate
I3', "and told the disciples that she had seen
the Lord, and that he bad spoken to her."
Thus, as some of our old divines have re-
marked, woman, who was first in the original
transgression, was first in proclaiming the fact
of the resurrection, and laying the grand cor-
ner stone in the Christian edifice.
The other Mary and iSalome, full of fear and
amazement, had turned aside into some re-
tired place; and needed time to recover them-
selves before they could carry any tidings.
But while they were in this consternation,
their compassionate Lord met them, and said,
"All hail : be not afraid," proceed cheerfully
on, and deliver to my disciples the message
you have received from the angel, " that the}'
go into Clalilee." This was the second appear-
ance of Christ; and it was to two women.
(To be continued.)
For "The Friend'
All Indian's View of Indian Affairs.
Margaret Ellis to Mary Pemberton.
Radnor, the 31st day of the First month, 17G1.
ected Friend, — I have a pretty deal of
thought about thee since I saw thee last, and
a concern that thou mayest dwell in the fur-
nace that the dross maj' be done away ; for
when I am in a deep consideration of thy
afliictions, I .see it wilt work for thy good and
[that of] thy family, provided thou wilt keep
down in thy mind, and [in] as little company
as thou can, for there are but a few in our
time that go down to the deeps, although
they make a high calling of religion. I find
there is need to dwell close with the mind
anchored upon God, that we may get through
the trials and the trouble that the Lord suf-
fers to come upon us; I would not have thee
to be discouraged, but keep thy mind to thy-
self, and dwell under the weight of the work ;
for this thou hast met with has not come out
of the dust; but it will be for thy good, if
thou wilt keep near to the gift of God in thy-
self: then thou shalt see the way will be made
through the great sea, that thou may sing
upon the bank of deliverance, but not yet:
don't forget it, there must be a time to do the
work well, that it need not be done again. I
am clearly of the mind that the Lord loves
thee, and will have thee become His follower
in sincerity, to know Him more and more in
thyself, that peace may remain to the end,
and an answer of well done, good and faithful
servant, enter into the joy of thy Lord. I
have nothing in view but the honor of God,
and the good of thy soul.
This from thy sincere friend,
Margaret Ellis.
The approbation of men
of the child of faith.
not the standard
" The United States Government again
asked for a treaty council. My father had
become blind and feeble. He could no longer
speak for his people. It was then that I took
my father's place as chief. In this council 1
made my first speech to white men. I said
to the agent who held the council :
'"I did not want to come to this council,
but 1 came hoping that we could save blood.
The white man had no right to come hero and
take our country. Wo have never accepted
any presents from the Government. Neither
Lawyer nor any other chief had authority to
sell this land. It has always belonged to my
people. It came unclouded to theiu from our
fathers, and we will defend this land as long
as a drop of Indian blood warms the hearts
of our men.'
" The agent said he had orders, from the
Great White Chief at Washington, for us to
go upon the Lapwai Reservation, and that il
we obeyed he would help us in many ways
' Vou must move to the agency,' he said. ]
answered him: 'I will not. I do not need
your help; we have plenty, and we are con
tented and happy if the white roan will lotus
alone. The reservation is too small for so
many people with all their stock. You can
keep your presents; we can go to your towns
and pay for all we need ; we have plenty of
horses and cattle to sell, and we won't have
any help from you ; we are free now ; we can
go where we please. Our fathers were born
here. Hero they lived, here they died, here
are their graves. We will never leave them.'
The agent went away, and we had peace for
a little while.
" Soon after this my father sent for me. I
saw he was dying. I took his hand in mine.
He said : 'My son, my body is returning to
my mother earth, and my spirit is going very
soon to see the Great Spirit Chief. When I
am gone, think of your country. You are the
chief of these people. They look to you to
guide them. Always remember that your
father never sold his country. You must stop
your ears whenever you are asked to sign a
treaty selling your home. A few j'ears more,
and white men will be all around you. They
have their eyes on this land. My son, neve
forget my dying words. This country hold
your father's body. Never sell the bones of
your father and your mother.' I pressed my
father's hand and told him I would protect
his grave with my life. My father smiled
and passed away to the spirit land.
"I buried him in that beautiful valley of
winding waters. I love that land more than
all the rest of the world. A man who would
not love his father's grave is worse than a
wild animal.
"JPor a short time we lived quiety. But
this could not last. White men had found
gold in the mountains around the land of wind-
ing water. They stole a great many horses
from us, and wo could not get them back bo-
cause wo were Indians. The white men told
lies for each other. They drove off a great
many of our cattle. Some white men branded
our young cattle so they could claim them.
We had no friend who would plead our cause
before the law councils. It seemed to me that
some of the white men in Wallowa wore doing
these things on purpose to get up a war.
They knew that we were not strong enough
to fight them. I labored hard to avoid trou
and bloodshed. We gave up some of
country to the white men, thinking that tl
we could have peace. We were mistals
The white man would not let us alone.
could have avengeii our wrongs many tin:
but we did not. Whenever the Governm
has asked us to help them against other
dians, we have never refused. When
white men were few and wo were strong
could have killed them all off, but the ;^
Percys wished to live at pence.
" If we have not done so, we have not b(
to blame. I believe that the old treatj' 1
never been correctly reported. If we e'
owned the land we own it still, for we no
sold it. In the treaty councils the comir
sioners have claimed that our country h
been sold to the Government. Suppose a wh
man should come to me and say, 'Joseph
like your horses, and I want to buy them.'
say to him, ' No, my horses suit me, I will t
sell them.' Then he goes to my neighb(
and says to him: 'Joseph has some go
horses. I vrant to bay them, but he refu?
to sell.' My neighbor answers, 'Pay me t
money, and I will sell you Joseph's horst
The white man returns to me, and sa;
'Joseph, I have bought your horses, and y
must let mo have them.' If wo sold our Ian
to the Government, this is the way they we
bought.
"On account of the treaty made by t
other bands of the Nez Perces, the white m
claimed my lauds. We were troubled great
by white men crowding over the line. Son
of these wore good men, and we lived (
peaceful terms with them, but they were n-
all good.
Nearly every year the agent came ov
from Lapwai and ordered us on to the rose
vation. We always replied that we we
satisfied to live in Wallowa. We were car
ful to refuse the presents or annuities whi(
he offered.
"Through all the years since the whi
men came to Wallowa we have been threa
enod and taunted by them and the treaty Ni
Perces. They have given us no rest. W
have had a few good friends among whii
men, and they have always advised my poi
pie to bear these taunts without fightinji
Our young men were quick-tempered, and!
have had great trouble in keeping them froi-
doing rash things. I have carried a heav
load on my back ever since I was a boy.
learned then that wo were but few, while tt
white men wore many, and that we could nc
hold our own with them. We were like dee
They were like grizzly bears. We had a sma
country. Their country was large. We woi
contented to let things remain as the Gres
Spirit Chief made them. They were not ; an
would change the rivers and mountains
they did not suit them.
Year after year we have been threateno(
but no war was made upon ray people unt
General Howard came to our country tw
years ago and told us that he was the whit
war-chief of all that country. He said : '
have a great many soldiers at my back.
am going to bring them up here, and then
will talk to you again. 1 will not lot whit
men laugh at me the next time I come. Th
countiy belongs to the Government, and I ii
tend to make you go upon the reservation.'
"I remonstrated with him against bring
iug more soldiers to the Nez Perces country
THE FRIEND.
275
full of troops all the time at
had one hou
t Lapwai.
The next spring the agent at Umatilla
ncy sent an Indian runner to toll me to
et General Howard at Walla Walla. I
Id not go myself, but I sent mj- brother
five other head men to meet him, and
y had a long talk.
General Howard said: 'You have talked
light, and it is all ritjht. You can stay in
lUowa.' He insisted that my brother and
company should go with him to Fort
pwai. When the party arrived there Gen.
I Howard sent out runners and called all
1 Indians in to a grand council. I was in
It council. I said to General Howard, ' We
ready to listen.' He answered that he
!uld not talk then, but would hold a council
St day, when he would talk plainly. I said
General Howard: 'I am ready to talk to-
y. I have been in a great many councils,
t I am no wiser. We are all sprung from
woman, although we are unlike in many
ings. We can not be made over again. You
3 as you were made, and as you were mad^
u can remain. We are just as we were
ide by the Great Spirit, and you can not
ange us; then why should children of one
!)ther and one father quarrel — why should
e try to cheat the other ? I do not believe
at the Great Spirit Chief gave one kind of
9n the right to tell another kind of men
hat they must do.'
" General Howard replied : ' You deny ray
Ithority, do you? You want to dictate to
e, do you ?'
" Then one of my chiefs— Too-hool-hool-snit
-rose in the council and said to General
oward : ' The Great Spirit Chief made the
orld as it is, and as he wanted it, and he
ade a part of it for us to live upon. I do
jt see where you get authority to say that
e shall not live where he placed us.'
"General Howard lost his temper and said
3hut up! I don't want to hear any more of
ich talk. The law says you shall go upon
le reservation to live, and I want you to do
), but you persist in disobeying the law'
meaning the treaty). ' If 3'ou do not move
will take the matter into my own hand, and
lake you sutfer for your disobedience.'
" Too-hool hool suit answered: 'Who
ou, that you ask us to talk, and then tell me
sha'n'tlalk? Are you the Great Spirit?
)id you make the world ? Did you make the
un ? - Did you make the rivers to run for us
0 drink? Did you make the grass to grow?
)id you make all these things, that you talk
0 us as though we were boys? If you did,
hen you have the right to talk as you do.'
" General Howard replied, ' You are an im-
mdent fellow, and I will put you in the guard-
louse,' and then ordered a soldier to arrest
lira.
" Too-hool-hool-suit made no resistance. He
isked General Howard : ' Is that your order
'. don't care. I have expressed my heart to
TOW. I have nothing to take back. I have
ipoken for my country. You can arrest me
)ut you can not change me or make me take
jack what I have said '
" The soldiers came forward and seized my
Tiend and took him to the guard house. Jly
men whispered among themselves whether
Lhey should let this thing be done. I coun-
seled them to submit. I knew if we resisted
that all the white men present, including Gen
and we would be blamed. If I had said noth-
_, General Howard would never have given
another unjust order against my men. 1 saw
the danger, and, while they dragged Too-liool-
hoolsuit to prison, I arose and said: ^ I am
going to talk now. I don't care whether j'ou
arrest me or not.' I turned to my people and
said : " The arrest of Too-bool-hoolsuit was
wrong, but we will not resent the insult. We
were invited to this council to express our
hearts, and we have done so.' Too-hool hool-
suit was prisoner for five days before he was
released.
"The council broke up for that day. On
the next morning General Howard came to
my lodge, and invited me to go with him and
White-Bird and Looking-Gl'ass, to look for
land for my people. As we rode along we
came to some good land that was already oc-
cupied by Indians and white people. General
Howard, pointing to this land, said: 'If you
will come on to the reservation, I will give
you these lands and move these people off.'
"I replied: 'No. It would be wrong to
disturb these people. I have no right to take
their homes. I have never taken what did
not belong to me. I will not now.'
" We rode all day upon the reservation, and
found no good land unoccupied. I have been
informed by men who do not lie that General
Howard sent a letter that night, telling the
soldiers at Walla Walla to go to Wallowa
Valley, and drive us out upon our return home.
" In the council, next day. General Howard
informed me, in a haughty spirit, that he
would give my people thirty days to go back
home, collect all their stock, and move ou to
the reservation, saying, ' If you are not here
in that time, I shall consider that you want
to fight, and will send my soldiers to drive
you on.' "
(To be continued.)
Selected.
James Alford.
James Alford was born near Rahway, in
the province of East Jersey, of parents who
were slaves. We have no certain information
of the time of his birth, but he is believed to
have been at least eight years of age at the
breaking out of the American revolution.
Whilst remaining in the family to which his
parents belonged, he was treated with great
kindness. One of the daughters of his master
marrying, he was given to her ; and she not
ceding his services, sold him to a man re-
siding In Rah way, who was both a farmer
and t'anner. Here he began first to experi-
ence the bitterness of slavery. His new mas-
ter was passionate and cruel, and for trifling
faults often treated his servants with great
barbarity. At one time, whilst James was
suffering under a severe headache, he kicked
him down the stairs. At another time, being
in the field ploughing, his master, because he
had not clearly understood one of his orders,
knocked him down, jumped violently upon his
body, and with a large stone beat him on the
head until he was nearly blind. He would, in
all probability, have killed James on the spot,
had not some of the neighbors, by force,
dragged him away.
When the sufferer, in after life, recurred to
the many wrongs he had endured, he maul
tested no resentment or hard feeling toward
the individual who had oppressed him. H
believed that all these atflictions bad been
Bral Howard, would bo killed in a moment, permitted to befall him by his kind aad g
cious Lord, for his eternal well-being. When
about fifteen years old, whilst rambling on a
First day about the tan-yard, he fell into one
the pits, which was full of foul water, very
cold. Being unable to extricate himself, he
would have perished but for the assistance of
others. When taken out life was nearly ex-
Regarding this circumstance as a mer-
ciful dispensation of Divine Providence, in
showing the necessity of a present prepara-
tion for another slate of existence, ho became
very earnest in seeking for help and strength
from above. Ho turned from the path of
thoughtless foil}', and was truly concerned to
perform his duty faithfully to his master.
It was fully impressed on his mind that the
Lord, in his own good time, would open a way
his freedom ; and in this assurance he
rested contented. Ho was very anxious to
earn to read; but the privilege of going to
school not being allowed him, he was obliged
to seek for instruction elsewhere. As he was
remarkably civil and obliging, those who
visited at his master's house, generally on
going awa}', gave him something for his care
and attention in waiting upon them. This
money he carefully preserved, and paid over
to his master's children to induce them to in-
struct him in the evenings when the hard
bodily toil of the day was over. He was al-
lowed no other light but that of the kitchen
fire. This, however, answered his purpose,
and by close and persevering application he
became a tolerable reader. Having a taste
for knowledge, he, without an instructor, ac-
quired the art of writing and a sufficient ac-
quaintance with arithmetic to be able to man-
money matters both for himself and his
master. His industry, good management and
strict integrity, gained him the perfect confi-
dence of his master, who now treated him
with kindness, and left the entire control of
his concerns in his hands. He afterwards
said that if ho could have been happy in
slavery, he might have been so at this period,
for he had nothing to complain of.
About the time that he was, as he supposed,
twenty-eight years of age, he frequently spoke
with his master concerning his freedom. He
was willing, although he thought he had
served unrequited long enough, to pay a
reasonable price for his freedom. His muster,
however, would listen to no terms ; and James,
with great frankness, informed him he should
leave him. Believing that the proper time
had come for his departure, he left Rahwaj^,
and proceeded directly to Philadelphia, where
he arrived in safety, not having been chal-
lenged on the road. He immediately found
employment at hay-making in the meadows
below the city ; and soon after obtained a
tuation in North Wales. His master, who
was incensed at his departure, used many en-
deavors to search him out, but never was able
to obtain the least trace of him. James said,
that as for himself, he never suffered the least
uneasiness at the thought of his master's find-
ing him, for he was well assured that the Lord
would never suffer him to be taken again into
slavery. He continued faithfully serving his
different employers,— denying himself every-
thing that lie could possibly do without,—
until he had saved two hundred dollars of his
earnings. In unshaken confidence in the pro-
tecting providence of his divine Master, he did
not ho-sitate to take this money vvith him, and
proceed at onco to Rahway. There he went
to the house of a Friend, who undertook to
Ii76
THE FRIEND.
negotiate for his legal freedom. Ilis master,
having no hope of ever seeing him again,
gladl}'- manumitted him in duo form of law,
for the two hundred dollars.
James now returned to Pennsylvania, where
he was generally favored to find employ-
ment amongst kind and respectable people.
Amongst other.'*, he lived for a considerable
period with that able minister of the gospel
of Christ, James Simpson. Ke frequently re
mained for many years in the same service.
In one situation he continued fifteen years,
and having allowed most of his wages to re-
main in the hands of his employer, he lost
through his bankruptcy nearly $1500. This
was a serious loss at this time of lilb ; but he
did not discover any bitterness towards tho-it-
who had thus injured him. He seemed to pity
and feel for Ihem more than he did for him
self. He said it was all permitted for his gooil;
he might have been led to trust in earthi}'
riches if he had met with no losses; that he
felt firm unshaken faith that the Lord would
take care of him, and never suffer him to want.
According to his means, he was liberal; and
had always something to spare for the desti
tute. In his personal appearance he was al-
ways neat, plain, and clean, and his clothes
lasted longer, and looked better than those of
most persons in his condition. His economy,
as to personal expenditures, was from prin-
ciple, that he might have the more to bestow
on those who needed.
To the end of life he was every waj' com-
fortably provided for. He had many friends,
— an affectionate wife for his nurse, — and,
above all, a humble, yet unshaken confidence
in the watchful regard of his Almighty Care-
taker. He died of paralysis, the 24th of 8th
month, 1843, aged about 73 years. Having
been careful, faithfully to fill up his various
tluties in this life, he won the love and esteem
of his employers and acquaintance, whose
sorrow at his loss was relieved by the firm
belief that he was gathered home, in mercy,
to the rest prepared for the righteous.
True Religion. — True religion is the true
rule and right v?ay of serving God. And re-
ligion is a pure stream of righteousness flow-
ing from the imago of God, and is the light
and power of God planted in the heart and
mind by the law of life, which bringoth the
soul, mind, spirit, and body to be conformable
to God, the Father of Spirits, and to Christ;
so that they come to have fellowship with
the Father and the Son, and with all his holy
angels and saints. This religion is pure from
above, undefiled before God, leads to visit the
fatherless, widows, and strangers, and keeps
from the spots of the world. This religion is
above all the defiled, spotted religions in the
world, that keep not from defilements and
spots, but leave their professors impure, below
and spotted; whose fatherless, widows, and
strangers, beg up and down the streets. —
Epistle of George Fox.
The members of our Society are too goner-
ally " uncircumcised in heart and ear ;" yet to
the posterity of a people once highly favored
" is the dew of heaven" frequently diffused,
both in a ministerial and immediate manner,
in their assemblies: from whence I am per-
suaded, did not their goodness pass away "as
the morning cloud and the early dew," the
Lord of infinite mercy would make of them
as polished shafts in his quiver; and in hi
quiver would he hide them. — S. Scott.
Selected.
HE LEADETH ME.
The clouds hang heavy o'er my path,
The way I cannot see ;
But through the darkness well I know
My God is leading me.
'Tis sweet to feel ray hand in his,
When all around is dim ;
To close my weary, aching eyes,
And trustful, follow him.
Through many a thorny path below,
He leads my weary feet ;
Through many a vale of tears I go,
But still I feel 'tis sweet
To know that God is with me still,
My hope, my strength, my guide ;
That still he leads, and so I walk
In safety, satisfied !
In duty, strength — in conflict, power
My God ! thou givest me ;
And in temptation's darkest hour.
Support I draw from thee.
In earthly care, for earthly need,
Thy grace doth still provide;
And ne'er despondent do I fail,
For thou art by my side.
In every joy, its highest joy
My .soul doth find in thee ;
If sorrows come, on darkest cloud
The bow of hope I see.
Through all the devious path of life.
Thy hand my steps doth guide ;
And when through death's dark vale I pass,
I'll feel thee near my side.
Up to the very gate of heaven.
Thy hand my guide shall be.
Till in the sunlight of the throne
Thine unveiled face I see.
In life, in death, in heaven above,
My songs of thanks I raise ;
And through eternity my soul
Shall never cease thy praise !
SPRING.
O green, up-springing grass, your tender freshness
spreading
By many a narrow pa.s3 where way-worn feet are tread
. ing,—
O lightly waving trees, whose swelling leaf-buds render
Undoubted promises of the full summer's splendor, —
O dainty daffodils, whose lovely sunlit faces
righten the barren hills with unexpected graces,—
O all ye blossoms, set the fells and meadows over.
Wind-flower and violet, and columbine and clover, —
Bless ye the Lord on high ; by wood, and field, and
river,
Praise Him, and magnify His holy name forever !
Now when the budding spring escapes from winter's
durance,
Hope hath its flowering, and Faith its sweet assurance ;
How shall our hearts be sad when Nature's face rejoices.
And earth and air are glad with her tumultuous voices?
Ears that His message seek, and doubt not in posses-
sing,
To tliem the winds shall speak in undertones of bless-
ing;
And to the seeing eyes. His gracious works beholding.
No little bird that flies, no small green thing unfolding,
But shall His love express who doth our souls deliver —
Whose holy name we bless and magnify forever !
Praise Him, O soul of mine! nor ever cease from
praising,
Though olive-tree and vine be blighted in the raising;
Though flood and frost and fire assail me in one morn-
ing,
And though my heart's desire shall perish without
warning !
Still shall His rivers flow, the heavens declare His
glory ;
Still .shall His green things grow. His winds repeat
their .story ;
And I, who sit to-day beneath the cloud of sorrow
And see no opening way to sunshine for the morrow.
Still by His mighty word upheld for fresh endeavor.
Will magnify the Lord, .and ble.ss His name forever !
From London Yearly Meeting to Frini'l-
Tortola, 1759 :— "Dear Friends, though -.
among you have departed from theirfir-t li
and to their own hurt have fallen in wish
enticements of the enemy of man's ha]i|iin
who seeks to destroy the precious life;
entreat you in the bowels of that love wh |
our Heavenly Father hath mercifully si
abroad in your hearts, and which reaches foi
unto you at this time, that it may be yc
care to wait daily for, and inwardly in fa
and patience feel after that Power, which fi.
visited your souls, and hereby you will
kept meek and humble, and experience t
teachings of Divine Wisdom, whose promii
are yea and amen forever ; and whose rega
ful care and support fails not those who i
given up to serve the Lord with full purpe
of heart. We much desire, beloved frien
that you may increase with the increase
God; and as you still find Him striving
you and working for you, close in with I
Power, that you may grow in the Truth a
the saving knowledge of our Lord and S
viour Jesns Christ, so will you come to bri
forth fruits of righteousness and true holin«
to the praise of Him who hath culled you."
Good Books. — Next to a good associate a
friend, in all good influences, is a good boi
And as multitudes are led to ruin by
associates, so are multitudes by bad bool
There are few things about which parents ai
friends ought to be more careful than abo
the books read by the young, and yet the
are few things about which they are mo
careless, though one good book may be ti
salvation, and one bad hook the ruin of
Baxter, as he tells us, was converted throuj:
the influence of a book. The pungent truti
of his books, led to the conversion of Dod
ridge. Doddridge's " Rise and Progress,"
to the conversion of Wilberforce. Wilbe
force's " Practical View," was the means
Legh Richmond's conversion. And Rid
mond's " Dairyman's Daughter," has bee
the means of converting hundreds if not thoi
sands. And so, books like ''Foster's Essays.
Bunyan's " Pilgrim's Progress," Doddridt
"Rise and Progress," and the "Advice to
Young Christian," and many others that migh
be mentioned, have shaped the character an
moulded the destiny of thousands, both fo
time and eternity.
On the other hand, i t is oflScially stated tha
of 177,936 volumes issued to readers froii
the New York Mercantile Library, 108,86
were novels; showing that nearly 70,000 mor
works of fiction were read than of othe
works — history, poetry, travels, &e., all pui
together. A large part of the readers were
doubtless, comparativelj' young persons, an(
a large part of the novels, not doubtless, wenj
such as to give unreal and false views of lifei
of society, of human responsibility, of virtu('
and religion, while not a i'ew are licentioui
and immoral in their teachings. And th(
fruits of such reading are seen, all over thd
'and, in the easy morality, the loose anc
fraudulent business courses, and the outbreak
ng crimes that disgrace and alarm society.
And the large proportion of these evils found
'n what are counted the upper classes, may
have originated, to some extent at least, from
the reading of books giving low and false
views of morality, and of personal duty and
religion.
THE FRIEND.
277
I more thought, then, be given to the
iig of the young. See that good books
)t onlj- published, but cotamended, and
reading encouraged. Look to the books
3 family, in the" Sunday-school library,
B hands of your children — to those of
own reading. And see that no com-
Dship of books be encouraged or allowed,
;haracter that you would disapprove in
associates for yourselves or others. —
nal Baptist.
Selected.
Testimonies to the Way to Salvation.
Draas Story in a dispute with a man in
England, quoted that passage, " Every
■which confesseth that Jesus Christ is
in the flesh, is of God ; and every spirit
. doth not confess that Jesus Christ is
in the flesh, is not of God," &c. On it
ikes this comment: "A verbal acknow-
lent only, of the coming of Christ in his
of flesh in that day, is not intended in
)lace ; for the devils also believe that
rerable, and j^et remain devils still : But
onfession must arise from experience of
working, revelation or manifestation of
pirit of Christ in the heart and mind of
ivho thereby believeth in Christ to pre-
ialvation ; according to the same apostle
e below, where he saith, ' Hereby know
lat we dwell in Ilim, and He in us, be-
He hath given us of his Spirit.' Again
the apostle Paul, 'The Spirit itself
th witness with our spirit, that we are
lildren of God.' And again, ' If any man
not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of
' — Thos. Slory, folio edition, p. 321.
omas Story, in a sermon at Cambridge
17, says: "Christ being offered on the
is a propitiation for the sins of the whole
1, so far as they are acts against the Law,
pplicable and effectual only as men be
in that Light, and walk also in Him
is, in obedience to the rule of his Light
Grace, inwardly made known and re-
id : For, suith the apostle, If ye walk in
jight as He is in the Light, then (that is,
at case) ye have fellowship one with an-
■, and the blood of Jesus Christ, his Son,
seth us from all unrighteousness. And
also shows, that the stain and pollution
1 is done away by the inward appearance
■ rist by his Holy Spirit. And again, as
the prophet Malachi, ' He shall sit as a
r and purifier of silver; He shall be as
8 soap :" all which signify a perfect and
ugh cleansing, as well as pardon ; and
out which cleansing, men cannot enter
3 kingdom, for there is no unclean thing
inter there." — Id. p. 580.
am the Light of the world, (said Christ
Liord), whosoever followeth me shall not
darkness. And again, This is the
emnation of the world, that light is come
the world, but men loved darkness rather
light, because their deeds are evil. And
D, Whatsoever things are reproved are
manifest by the Light; for whatsoever
es manifest is light. All this is said of
St, who is that one propitiation for the
not of the apostles and those that had
idy believed only, but also for the sins of
whole world, who at that time had not
believed, but were still in unbelief; which
ng being on God's part, in discharge of
)romise3 before by his prophets, tbe way
the promises become effectual unto us is.
to believe in this Light, that we may bo the j to stand in the evil day, and, having dc
children of God in Him. And first believing to stand."— Dawie^ Wheeler.
n this Light and walking in Him, (that is,
in obedience to his manifestations and dis-
coveries), then the blood of Christ cleanseth
from all sin, and the promises are so applied ;
but the unbelieving and disobedient are under
condemnation still." — Id. p. 627.
If you are lovers of the Li^ht in your con-
sciences, that reproveth sin, then you love
God. * * I say if thou art obedient and
subject thereunto, then art thou in the wa}'
of God, which is the way of holiness, without
which no man shall ever know peace with
God. * * If thou hatest that in thee which
lets thee see thy sins, which breaks thy peace,
and sometimes makes thee afraid and troubles
thee for it (which is God's witness), then thou
hatest Goil and Christ and the Spirit and
ways of God, and the people of God ; and to
all such Jerusalem is become a burdensome
stone, as it is to many at this day, who are
lovers of pleasure more than God, and love
darkness rather than light, because thei
deeds are evil. Bat this I testify in the name
of the Lord God of hosts; The Light is the
way, and there is no other to eternal life and
peace; and all that hate it wherewith they
are enlightened, shall be condemned with
as enemies to God and their own souls." —
Wm. Bayly's Works, p. 21.
Cutting a Tijefs Claws. — An interesting
operation was recently performed in the Car-
nivora house at the Zoological Garden, that
of cutting the claws of the tiger "Jim."
" Jim" was among the animals purchased in
Europe by Barnum after the tire in New York
in 1874, and came into the possession of the
Society about two years ago, when ho was
purchased at one of Barnum's sales at Briifge-
port. Conn. " Jim" is 9 years old, and is said
to be the largest tiger in this country.
For some months past it was noticed that
the animal's claws were growing into the
flesh, causing him great pain, and it was de-
cided to have them cut. After the animal
had been securely fastened, the cutting was
done with a pair of sharp wire cutters. It
was at first thought it would only be neces-
sary to cut the claws of the hind feet, but
upon examination it was found that unless
the claws of the other feet were also cut they
would in a short time cause the same trouble,
consequently the claws of all four feet were
cut. After the operation, burnt alum and
balsam of fir was applied. At 3 o'clock, feed-
ing time, " Jim" took his rations with evident
relish, and afterwards took a good nap. The
hickory club which was placed in the animal's
mouth during the operation was cut into
splinters by his teeth. The operation occu-
pied 20 minutes. — Ledger.
Watchfulness. — The older I grow, the more
needful I find the watch: there is no other
safe dwelling place; there is no cessation
of arms; the warfare is continual, and must
be continually maintained, or there
standing fast in the faith. But to such as
endeavor, through watchfulness and praj'er,
to quit themselves like men, strength will be ad-
ministered in due time, not only to stand fast in
the faiih, but to become strong ; yea, that we
be "strong in the Lord and in the power of
his might." So that I very much desire, that
the minds of all may be clothed with the "
vincible armor, wherewith they will be "a
For " The Friend "
Diary and Letters of Ebenezer Worth.
(Continued from page 'JTl.)
In the last extract, allusion was made to
two letters, one of which, as it gives some in-
sight into the course of life of E. W. among
the Indians, is thought to be of sufficient in-
terest to insert.
Tiuiesassa, 10th mo. 10th, 1843.
Dear friend : — Thou hast frequently of late
been the companion of my mind, and I think I
can say the love I once had for thee and the in-
terest I felt in thee, have not in any degree
abated, but have increased, and the desire of
my heart is, that thy time and talents may
be employed in the blessed Master's service ;
that thy day's work may be going on in the
day time; that thou niayest be favored at
seasons to feel a comfortable evidence that
thou art journeying forward in the strait and
narrow way ; thou wilt then be cheered with
the prospect, that as lime is swiftly passing
away, thou art approaching the mansions of
everlasting rest.
In relation to the difficulty between
and thyself, and in the trial and trouble it has
occasioned, I have felt sympathy with thee,
and a desire that if it is not settled, thou may-
est rest the burden on the shoulders of thy
friends and , and there leave it. I fear if
thou shouldest not do so, the loss to thee in
best things will far outbalance all that can be
gained. Suffer, dear friend, in a Christian
spirit, and 1 think if thou should continue
faithful thou wilt be rewarded for it, and the
e.'taraple be of great value to thy children, for
whose growth in the Truth I feel interested.
16lh. Thou queried whether I had not time
write ? I may answer, I have for the most
part of the time found plenty of business to
occupy me, and particularly so of late. I
have now two schools in operation, one at
Cold Spring, the other about fifteen miles up
the river and about seventeen from Tunesassa.
I have been spending part of my time at each
place ; three days of the forepart of the week
at the school at Cold Spring, on this part of
the reservation, excepting the time I have ray
mid-week sittings, which have been on Fourth-
day, since I have been attending to both
schools. Whilst I taughtonly atCoTd Spring,!
had my sitting on Fifth day with the Indian
children, who, poor little creatures, scarcely
knew what it meant, I 8uppi)S0 ; their quiet,
orderly behavior has been, for the most part,
rather surprising, and 1 have been comforted
in their company. I understand it was Jo-^.
Elkinton's practice, but in my weakness, it was
at times, a trial to commence it. Fifth, Sixth,
and Seventh days I have spent in visiting the
schools at Horse Shoe Bend ; I carry ray pro-
visions and horse-feed with me, cook and sleep
in the school hou'ie, except one night I slept in
the house of Geo. Titus, an Indian. I started
on last Fifth-daj' morning; my horse having
lost a shoe, I expected to get a horse of Owen
Blacksnake and leave mine; his horses pasture
in the woods ; he told me I might take his
pony, which he thought was two or three
miles up the river on my way to the school.
B. Williams, who was going to hunt a horse
of his, and I, travelled together ; we met some
children going to the school at Cold Spring.
B. W. inquired of them, in Indian, if they had
seen any horses; he told me, they said, "there
278
THE FRIEND.
wore lots of them on the flats just above.'
We called at Wm. Patterson's ; his son Sam
uel, who is a smart active young man of an
obliging disposition, kindly offered me one of
their horses, and to keep mine. He accom
pauied us to where the horses were; we did
not tiud any we were looking for, but caught
a young horse of Owen Blacksnake's; after
getting him on the road, found he was a littl
lame, so concluded to take my own. I rod
slowly and arrived at the school a few minutes
after it closed, unloaded my possessions, tied
the halter to the leg of my horse, and let her
pasture for a time about the school house, the
grass being good, — then went to getting sup
per; boiled some potatoes, had bread and but
ter and some cakes. The teacher, who was an
Indian, having some cheese and onions^
made use of a broad bench for a table, and ate
a comfortable supper. After feeding my hon
and putting her away in a small inclosure, I
paid a visit to an Indian family, which was
agreeable to me. The teacher and I then
went to the school house and built a good
fire, the Indian had a "comfortable," and I a
buffalo robe ; he fixed our bed and laid himself
down. He is a man about twenty-two years
of age, clean and well dressed, of light com-
plexion for an Indian, dark keen eyes, black
hair and good feutui-es. After a time I laid
down on the buffalo robe along side of him,
with all my clothes on, even my boots, and
drew part of the comfortable over me, hav-
ing my overcoat about my head and shoul-
ders in addition ; I think our feet were within
three or three and a half feet of a good warm
fire. Feeling comfortable in mind I slept
pretty well ; the next day assisted to teach ;
the children turned out pretty well, although
it rained and snowed. On Seventh-day morn-
ing the pines and hemlocks were loaded with
snow. I assisted in the school until noon, then
adjourned until Second-day, the teacher wish-
ing to go home to his family. I left the school
liouse a little after twelve, and got home about
dark.
The pagan party have had what they call
a green-corn dance ; as I understand it, a meet-
ing of prayer and thanksgiving. Their last
at Cold Spring was conducted with much more
order [than usual.] A part of the time, as I was
informed, [it was] more like a meeting of
Christians than had been common. In that
meeting, an aged chief who is called Governor
Blacksnake, said in a speech that he made to
them, "he believed all that the blessed Sa-
viour had said, who was crucified by the hands
of wicked men."
I have not been at "Collins" (a Friends'
meeting),8incel took EobertScotton there, on
his way home about the 1st of Sixth month,
when I attended their meeting on First-day.
Since that time I have attended no meeting
except my own, and some councils and meet-
ings of the Indians; yet I think I may hum-
bly acknowledge, I have been as much favor-
ed with the life-giving presence of the blessed
Master in my sittings since I have been here,
as when I attended our meetings at home.
In sincere love, I remain thy friend,
E. Worth.
Diary resumed.
1843. 10th mo. 19th. Went in company
with Ariel VVellraan, to view two pieces of
land at the request of Benjamin Pierce who
wished to have our judgment which was the
best, and which he had bettor improve for a
home for himself.
26th. Attended Collins Monthly Meeting,
with a degree of satisfaction, though not
exceeding what I have often been favored
to feel, through unmerited mercy, whilst sit
ting alone waiting on the Divine Master for
his life-giving presence, at Tunesassa. After
meeting, heard that a Friend who stood in
the station of an elder, had come on from Ro-
chester to assist in surveying the boundary
lines of the Cattaraugus and Allegheny Re-
servations, and to run them off in lots; the
hearing of which has been trying to me, think-
ing that no consistent member of our Society
could have anything to do in the business.*
31st. Visited George Killbiick; from there
went, accompanied by George, to see an In-
dian, whose name I think was William Claeto.
I felt comforted and thankful for the oppor-
tunity, and the strength afforded. May I,
whilst engaged in instructing the Indians,
labor to keep my spiritual eye single to the
blessed Master, and humbly prostrated before
Him, whospeaketh as never man spake; may
I be taught of Him, and be preserved near
unto Him and feel his blessed wing to be spread
over me.
The Palm and the Heath— "Tims saith the
Lord : Cursed be the man that trusteth in
man and maketh flesh his arm, and whose
heart departeth from the Lord. For he shall
be like the heath in the desert, and shall not
see when good cometh ; but shall inhabit the
parched places in the wilderne-is, in a salt
land, and not inhabited. Blessed is the man
that trusteth in the Lord, and whose hope
the Lord is. For he shall be as a tree planted
by the waters, and that spreadeth out her
roots by the river, and shall not see when heat
cometh, but her leaf shall be green ; and shall
not be careful in the year of drought, neither
shall cease from yielding fruit : Jeremiah xvii.
5-8.
We saw this brilliant figure as a literal fact,
our way to the Pyramids in 1866. All
along the journey from the banks of the Nile
clear on, the eye ranged over reaches of sand,
white and waveless, interminably, till it touch-
ed those masses of masonry on the Ghizeh
ledge. Near the river the soil is wonderfully
prolific ; but before long, the rich black mould
3egins to show the force of the fiery sun it
scorches under. Deep seams and wide cracks
are discovered in the surface. Along the
banks tall palms shoot their stems up into the
serene air. Most exquisitely have these been
compared, knobbed and fluted as they are, to
the shafts of Moorish architecture. From
their summits droop the graceful green plumes
of foliage, hanging listlessly in the windless
sunshine.
But now, looking in the other direction, and
pushing our tedious beasts along, we found
* In 1838, the consent of a number of the chiefs of the
Seneca Nation, was obtained, in several cases fraudu-
lently, to a " treaty," by which they sold all their Re-
servations in the State of New York, amounting to
about 120,000 acres to the Ogden Land Company.
Notwithstanding the objections of President Van Buren
and many of the Senators, this was ratified, and was
proclaimed a law in 1840. In 1842, what has been
called a compromise treaty was made, by which the
Allegheny and Cattaraugus Reservations were restored
to the Senecas. The attempt to run the boundary lines
of, and divide the Allegheny Reservation into lots was
miide by the Ogden Land Company, under pretence of
carrying out the provisions of the last named treaty.
With the advice of Friends, the Indians forbade the
surveyors proceeding in the business, and by firm but
gentle measures succeeded in putting a stop to it.
tho sea of sand closing in around us enti
and far as our vision could reach only
stretch of verdureless and waste white
could be discerned. The latest vostig
vegetation is a little hard, wiry plant, w
star-like radiate of yellow prickles all a
its head, so horny and so keenly acute
oven the leanest kind of Pharaoh's kine w
not be persuaded to browse upon it.
very donkeys passed it superciliously
This is the lonesomest, most desolate, i
lean and sorrowful caricature of a flow
ever saw. Yet that is the " heath in thi
serf," and those glorious palms just behin
indolently sweeping the sky with their 1
riant branches, are the "trees planted by
waters, that shall not see when the heat <
eth." Ah me, how fresh they seemed
in the hot air! — C. S. Robinson in S. S. Ti
Norristown, Pa., 3d mo. 30th, 18
To THE Editor of " The Friend." ',
Esteemed Friend : — The history of Wilj
Flanner, in last week's issue, as related to
writer by Jacob Albertson, needs a little |
reeling.
It was in Plymouth Meeting-house, thai'
"seeing with the eagle's eye," and "striti
with the hawk's beak," " carrying neighb,
faults in the fore-end of the wallet, and t;,
own behind," was said, not Providence m
As tho story was told in my hearing, " -
liam Flanner came very lute to the meeti
house on horse-back, had crossed the Sch
kill River at Matson's Ford, the particle
ice formed a water line on his horse's 6
and if ever a man had a message to deliven
had."
The last three paragraphs, in the firsi
which some names are mentioned, should
as a whole be given for my father's sentime
J. M. Al.BERTSOI
[The last three paragraphs, above refer
to, are given as the remarks of the Fri
who transmitted the narrative, and it was
designed to convey the impression that tl
were written by the father of our friend J.
A.— Eds.]
Rocks. — A gentleman was once, when a '.
sailing down the East River, near New Yc
which was then a very dangerous chani
He watched the old steersman with great'
terest, and observed that whenever he ca
near to a stick of painted wood he chanj
his course.
"Why do you turn out for those bits
wood ?" asked the boy.
The old man looked up from under
shaggy brows, too much taken up with
task to talk, and simply growled oul "Rock
" Well, I would not turn out for those I:
of wood," said the thoughtless boy ; " I wo
go right over them."
Tho old man replied only by a look wh
that boy has not forgotten in his manhoi
Poor, foolish lad," it said, " how little y
know about rocks !"
So, children, shun the rocks as you woi
the way of death. There are plenty of buc
to warn you whore they lie hidden, and wb
ever you meet one turn aside, for there
danger lies. — Late Paper.
Many who make profession of tho Chi
tian faith, yet live as if "the Lord had f
saken tho earth, and the Lord sceth not."
THE FRIEND.
!79
Selected for " The Friend."
I embraced the principles of FrieDtls from
conviction in his own mind, and held
sacred to the latest period of his life.
)Ought them at a great price, and they
precious to him. He often expressed
Qshaken belief, that if the principles pro-
ated by our earlj' Friends were not true
ion, there was no true religion in the
d. His ministry was sound, clear and
incing. He was concerned to turn the
;8 of mankind from a dependence on nien
Dooks, to the inspeaking word of Divine
h in their own hearts. He was not a
of outward learning; but being learned
e school of Christ, and disciplined under
TOSS, there was at times given him " the
le of the learned," whereby he was en-
l to speak a word in season to him that
weary, and to bring out of the great trea-
things both new and old ; and so far was
om seeking the applauses of men, that he
ned and whrank from them. — From
orial of New Garden Monthly Meeting of
<\ds,JSf. C, concerning Dougan Clark, de-
d. 1856.
A Will and a Way. — Several years ago, an
effort was made to collect all the chimney-
sweepers in the city of Dublin, for the purpose
of education. Among others came a little
fellow who was asked if he knew his letters.
" O, yes, sir," was the reply.
" Do you spell?"
" O, yes, sir," was again the answer.
" Do you read ?"
" O, yes, sir."
" And what book did you learn from ?"
" O, I never had a book in my life, sir."
" And who was your schoolmaster?"
•' O, I never was at school."
Here was a singular case : a boy could read
and spell without a book or master! But
what was the fact? Why, another little
sweep, a little older than himself, had taught
him to read by showing him the letters over
the shop doors which they passed as they
went through the city. His teacher, then
was another little sweep like himself, and his
book the sign-boards on the houses. What
may not be done by trying? " Where there | Father
is a will, there is a way." — Late Paper.
into* temptation, as "the same power which
preserved Jesus when He was tempted in the
wilderness."
This expression has awakened a little un-
easiness, lest any of our readers should sup-
pose, that the author of it regarded Him
whom God hath exalted with his right hand,
"to be a Prince and a Saviour, for to give
repentance to Israel and forgiveness of sins,"
to be nothing more than an ordinary man
endowed with an unusual manifestation of
the Holy Spirit. We do not suppose such
was his meaning; for the true members of
the Society of Friends have ever recognized
in our Blessed Saviour the fulfilment of the
prophecy of Isaiah, who speaks of Him as
" The Mighty God, the Everlasting Father,
and the Prince of Peace, of the increase of
whose government and peace there is to
be no end ;" and have accepted the Scripture
declaration, that " to the name of Jesus
every knee shall bow, and' every tongue c )n-
fess that He is Lord, to the glory uf God, the
lOugh few and evil have been the days of
pilgrimage, yet few lives have been more
[uered with vicissitude and variety, since
upon the wide world an orphan boy; then
led on a boisterous element and nursed in
free-school of iniquity, with sinners my
panions, — but myself the chief! Oh !
drous mercy, signally displayed I— in sav-
from the fire a burning brand, and follow-
up from time to time with judgment's rod,
far-fled wanderer !— flying still, and still
lued! until overtaken, and in matchless
obliged to yield, and reluctantly to re-
e step by step destruction's mazy track,—
to stop at many a place ; and, I hope in
ere repentance, made to dwell on scenes
lispent time and .sinful deeds innumerable,
ne beforehand" (I humbly pray) to judg-
it ;— notto " follow after," or where would
low my hope at this late hour, if forsaken
hat gracious Lord ; — who in so great com-
iion, wrought the miracle, and in the
itness of his love and strength, has led my
ying feet beside the still waters, and made
to ife down in the green pastures of life
) brought me amongst the assemblies of
people" with whom 1 now feel precious
ty of spirit in the bond of sweet consoling
be ; — and though far separated from them,
n at this day, I trust, "sitting and clothed
I in my right mind," under a sense of my
1 un worthiness, and of such great and un-
fited mercy.— X». Wheeler.
>ne part of rectified oil of turpentine, seven
ts of benzine, and five drops of oil of vale-
i to each ounce of the mixture, is said to
se a superior disinfectant for hospital and
ieral use. Each of the ingredients possess
i power of absorbing the oxygen of the at-
iphere, and of converting it into peroxide
ydrogen, a substance 5»imilar in its effects
pzone. Books, letters, newspapers, cloth-
wall paper may be treated with this sort
lisinfectant without injury. Its action is
y persistent. — Late Paper.
THE FRIEND.
FOURTH MONTH 12, 1879.
We have received from the Secretary of
the Pennsylvania State Temperance Union,
a printed "Call" for a State Convention of
those interested in suppressing intemperance;
to which the representatives of " Churches,
Colleges, Seminaries, Sons of Temperance,
Good Templars, Temples of Honor, Women's
Christian 'Temperance Unions, Eeforra Clubs,
Prohibition Alliances, Law and Order Asso
ciations, Prohibitory Party Clubs, Young
Men's Christian Associations," &c., &c., are
invited to send delegates.
The object appears to be to devise some
plan of legislative relief from the evils of the
liquor system ; probably, by the passage of a
Local Option Law similar to that enacted in
1872, and since unwisely repealed.
We heartily sympathize with this object,
or with any wisely digested plan of lessening
the crime and poverty that so conspicuously
flow from the use of intoxicating liquors as a
drink; and we sincerely desire that the pro
posed convention may be useful in further
awakening public attention to this subject,
and in exerting an influence for good on the
members of our State Legislature.
Yet we believe it is the safest course for the
members of our religious Society generally to
refrain from entering into such Conventions,
where they are liable to be made participants
in formal devotions, or else to mar the har-
mony of tho gathering by an expressed dis-
sent; and where means may be advocated, or
measures be adopted, which are not in accord-
ance with the principles and testimonies we
are called upon to uphold. While we may
greet others as co-laborers in the cause of
righteousness, yet experience shows that in
piTrsuing our own line of service we have often
been able to do more good than would be in-
dicated by our relative numbers or political
influence.
.11 are not placed in the same position of
7ico, but all are commanded to obey Him
3 has called them to walk
)re Him.
, ^ In one of the short selections contained in
n uprightness our last number, is a sentence which speaks
We have received a copy of the Eeport of
the Committee who have charge of the Free
Library and Reading Room, under the care
of Friends at Germantown.
It appears from this, that the number of
volumes in this valuable institution, on the
first day of the present year, was 8,710 ; of
which 526 have been added in the past ten
months.
Though thrown open to the general public,
with but few restrictions, and averaging more
than 400 visitors weekly, yet very few of the
books are reported to be lost or unaccounted
for ; and but little defacement or mutilation
of them has been observed.
The same care in excluding works of fiction
has been practised as heretofore. The new
additions are largely of works relating to
Science, History, Biography and Travels ;
and many of them were selected with special
reference to the needs of the more intelligent
mechanics and artisans, by whom the Library
is frequented.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — The average temperature of Third
month, for Philadelphia, was 41.3 degrees. Highest
69. The average for the past nine years is 39.6 deg.
Total rainfall and melted snow 2.28 inches. Prevail-
ing direction of wind, northwest ; ma.^imum velocity
48 miles per hour. There were fifteen days on which
rain or snow fell.
On the morning of the Glh, there occurred one ot the
most destructive fires that has taken place in this city
for several years. The fire originated in a large five-
storv brick building on the north side of Race street
above Fourth, and extended from one to two hundred
yards on both sides of Race St., and from Fourth to
Crown St. About thirty buildings were destroyed or
damaged, and the loi*s is estimated at over $oOO,000.
One man was killed, and several injured.
The Baldwin Locomotive Works turned out forty
locomotives last month. At present they are engaged
on an order from Australia for twenty-six engines of
the consolidated make. They are to be used upon
Government roads in Queensland, New Zealand, and
New South Wales. , , o • i
The twenty-fifth annual report of the Commercial
Exchange shows, that during the year there were re-
ceived at this port 979,380 barrels of flour, 11.976,250
bushels of wheat, 296,750 bushels of rye, 23,385 900
of corn, 3,798.359 bushels of oats, 913,400 bushels of
barley, 207,000 of malt: making the total receipt ot
grain 40,577,650. The arrivals and sales of beef cattle
were 188,600 head : cows, 12,325 ; hogs, 282,060, and
sheep 650,400. The production of liimlier in Pennsyl-
vania, within the past two years, has been about 200,-
lof the Power which saveth us from falling 'obo.OOO logs (1000 feet) per year. Previous to 1873,
280
THE FRIEND.
the annual product was about double that amourrt, the
falling off being attributed to the hard times.
Out of a State prison population of 29,197 throughout
the United States, but 13,186 are employed in mechani-
cal industries, earning on an average 40 cents per day.
A severe storm prevailed along the New England
coast on the night of the 3rd, causing many disasters.
The American ship Lancaster, with 1770 bales of cot-
ton, was burned at Galveston on the morning of the 4th.
The weather in Canada during the past week is stated
to have been intensely cold. A train which left Mon-
treal for Quebec on the 1st inst., was snowed up at Port
Rouge, and the passengers and mails were forwarded to
their destination in sleighs. Three feet of snow were
reported at North Troy, Vermont. On the 4th the tem-
perature at Atlanta, Georgia, was one degree below
freezing point. The fruit crop is said to be ruined, but
vegetables not seriously damaged.
The Great Western railway passenger station at Sus
pension Bridge (Canada side), including Bainfield'i
refreshment saloon and the American Express Com
pany and Montreal Telegraph Office, were burned or
the morning of the 2nd. Loss $30,000.
The debate in tlie U. S. House of Representatives
ended on the oth inst., and the Army Appropriation
bill was passed, with the repealing section, by a vote of
148 to 122. The Senate has passed a bill appropriating
$200,000 for the construction of a refrigerating ship for
the purpose of disinfecting cargoes from yellow fever
ports.
The debt statement, issued 4th mo. 1st, show the fol-
lowing: Increase of debt for 3rd month, $892,724.19;
cash in the Treasury $420,787,458.29 ; gold certificates,
$16,304,700; silver certificates, $2,326,530; certificates
of deposit, $27,680,000 ; refunding certificates, $53,070 ;
legal tenders outstanding, $346,681,016; fractional cur-
rency outstanding, $15,925,662.14 ; United States notes
held for redemption, fractional currency, $8,458,991 ;
called bonds not matured, for which 4 per cent, bonds
have been issued, $208,447,700.
There have been 21,061,274 Bland silver dollars
coined, of which 6,605,076 have gone into circulation,
leaving 1.5,956,198 in the Treasury.
The Secretary of the Treasury received on the 4th
inst., subscriptions to the 4 per cent, loan, to the amount
of $96,502,750, and on the following day issued a call
for the entire remainder of the outstanding 5-20's. Sub-
scriptions to the 4's at the Treasury are now tempor-
arily stopped ; but subscriptions to the $10 refunding
certificates will go on as heretofore.
The number of deaths in Philadelphia the past week
was 286. In New York for the same period 534.
3Iarkets, &c.—\]. S. sixes, 1881, 106|- ; 5's, registered,
104| ; do. coupon, 105} ; i\ per cents, lOof ; 4 per cents,
991; 10-40.S, ]01|.
Trade is reported as moderately active ip most de-
partments during the past week, but prices unsettled.
Cotton, 1^ a 11 J cts. per pound for uplands and New
Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 8 cts. in barrels, and standard
white, at 9| cts. for export, and 10 a 10.} cts. per gallon
for home use. Linseed oil, 61 a 63 cts. ; Lard oil, 54
cts. ; Neatsfoot, 75 cts. per gallon.
Seeds. — Clover-seed, 4J a 5^ cts. per lb. ; Flax-seed,
$1.42 a $1.45, and Timothy $1.40 a $1.-50 per bushel.
Fresh Fruits — Apples, Baldwins, $2; choice Green-
ings, $2 a $2.25; Rox Russets, $1.90 a $2. Cranber-
ries, $7.50_ a $9.00 per bbl. ; per crate $2.25 a $2.75.
Strawberries, 75 cts. a $1 per quart.
Flour.— Minnesota extra, S4.37J a $4.75 ; do. choice,
$4.90 a $5 ; Ohio extra family, $4..50 a $5 ; do. fancy,
$5.20 a $5.25 ; patent, $7.25 a «7.75. Rye flour, $2.75
a $2.85. Corn meal, $2.50. Bran, $14.50 a $15 per ton.
Grain.— Red wheat, $1.14; Delaware amber, *1.15i
a $1.16i ; white, $1.17. Rye, 57 a 58 cts. per bushel".
Corn, 42 a 45 cts. Oats, mixed, 30 a 31 cts. ; white, 32
a 33i cts.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 60 a 70 cts. per 100
pounds; mixed, 50 a 60 cts. per 100 pounds; straw, 75
a 90 cts. per 100 pounds.
Beef cattle. — The market has been in better condi-
tion, and prices were from an J to } higher. Extra
steers 6i cts. ; medium, 5 a 5J cts. ; common, 4 a 5 c(s.
Hogs, extra choice, 6f cts. ; good, 6i cts. ; medium, 6
a Q\ cts. per pound. Sheep, extra, 6J cts. ; good, 6J
cts. ; medium, 6 a 6| cts.
Cows and calves. — Market dull, and but few sales —
the prices asked being from f 25 to $35 per head.
Foreign. — The total receipts from the various sources
of revenue of the United Kingdom, for the financial
year, were £83,1 1.5.972, which amount is $114,028 below
ilie estimate. The receipts from customs show a de-
ficiency of £184,000; from excise £200,000, and from
stamps £260,000. The other branches of revenue show
an increase of receipts. The net increase of revenue,
as compared with the last financial year, is £3,352,673!
The statistical tables relating to emigration and im-
migration from and into the United Kingdom, for the
year 1878, show 147,663 emigrants in the year, an in-
crease of 27,692 on the preceding year; but of these
.only 112,902 were of British and Irish origin. This
total is one of the lowest since 1853. Of immigration
the corresponding numbers are, in 1877, 81,848, in
1878, 77,951, of whom 54,944 were of Britisli and Irish
origin. The conclusion is given that the tide of emi
gration, which was at its ebb in 1876 and '77, has again
begun to flow. Of persons of British and Irish origin,
54,694 went to the United States in 1878, as compared
with 45,481 in 1877. There was also a great increase
in the emigration to Australia and to British North
America.
It has been decided to erect a new tower for the Eddy
stone Lighthouse, about 127 feet from the present site
The focal plane will be raised to an elevation of 130
feet, and the range of light extended 17 J nautical miles
The new tower to be constructed entirely of granite.
The height will be 138 feet above the rock, to the top
of cornice. The estimated cost is £78,000.
Information from Cape Town has been received, to
the eflfect that the Zulu king is desirous of peace. The
English, however, are disposed to regard this a mere
pretence to gain time until the harvest is gathered.
Only an unconditional surrender will be accepted.
The British forces under Captain Gough, have had
an engagement with 5,000 Afghans, in which the latter
were defeated with heavy loss.
The returned Bosnian refugees have appealed to
Austria for increased relief. It is stated that 20,000 of
them have died by privation since their flight from
their homes.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
Wanted a teacher for the Girls' School. Application
may be made to
John W. Biddle, No. 726 Buttonwood St.
Ephraim Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebecca W. Kite, No. 459 North Fifth St.
Hannah Evans, No. 322 Union St.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Stated Meeting of the Committee having charge
of the Boarding School at Westtown, will be held i
Philadelphia on Seventh-day, the 19th inst., at 2.3
p- M. Samuel Morris,
Philada., 4th mo. 8th, 1879. Clerk.
FRIENDS' FREEDMEN'S AS.SOCIATION OP
PHILADELPHIA AND ITS VICINITY.
The Annual Meeting of " The Contributors" will be
held in the Committee Room of Arch Street Meeting-
house, on Second-day evening, 21st inst., at 8 o'clock.
Friends who are interested in the cause and others are
invited to attend.
John B. Garrett, Sec.
The 10th Annual Meeting of the " Indian Aid Asso-
ciation of Friends of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting,"
will be held in Arch Street Meeting-house, Philadel-
phia, on Fifth-day, Fourth month 24th, 1879, at 8 p. M.
Friends generally are invited to attend.
Richard Cadbury, Clerk.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Summer Session opens on Second-day, the 5th
of Fifth month. Parents and others who intend to send
upils, will please make application to Benjamin W.
'assmore, SupL, (address, Street Road P. 0., Chester
Co., Pa.,) or to Charles J. Allen, Treasurer, 304
Arch St., Philadelphia.
Early application is requested when convenient.
TO RENT— The dwelling house connected with
Haddonfield Monthly Meeting School. A Friend's
family is desired. Apply to
Samuel Nicholson,
Charles L. Willits,
Haddonfield, N. J.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Nurse is wanted for the Boys' Department, to
enter on her dutie-i at the beginning of the Summer
on. Application may be made to
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Chester Co., Pa
Susanna F. Sharpless, Street Road, " " "
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, New Jersey.
Elizabeth R. Evans, 322 Union St., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANl
Near Frankford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadeli
Physician and Superintendent — John C. Hall,
Applications for the Admission of Patients m
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the J
Managers.
Died, at his residence in North Norwich, Oni
7th mo. 19th, 1878, Israel D. Titus, in his 74th
a member and minister of Norwich Monthly Me
of Friends. In his early manhood, while disregai
his religious training and the convictions of Trut
took license in sinful pleasures ; but through the pc
ful influence of the Holy Spirit upon him, he wa
abled to yield to divine requiring. He esteemed
self as a brand plucked from the burning; ani
tributed his escape to " the Grace of God that brin
salvation." Having gained a turning point, his
life gave evidence of a true conversion to Go '
soon came forth in the ministry of the Word to
satisfaction of Friends, and in a proper time wa
knowledged a minister. He was faithful in the
else of his gift at home, and performed several joui
abroad in the service of his Divine Master. He
sound in the doctrines of the Gospel of Christ,!
firmly attached to the testimonies that Friends I!
ever held forth as the outgrowth of right princi j
He approached his end with peaceful calmness, an]
divers weighty expressions gave evidence to survij
of his prospect of a happy inheritance hereafter. 1
, at Coal Creek, Keokuk Co., Iowa, the 4tl
2d mo. 1879, after a short but severe illness, Maryj
wife of John N. Miller, in the 51st year of her aji
beloved member of Coal Creek Monthly Meetin
Friends. Her suft'erings being extreme, she fervC'
petitioned for patience and fortitude to enable her m'
ly to endure all that her Heavenly Father migh
pleased to permit; and that He would still be re
about her as he had been in former times, and en
her willingly to submit to his most holy will,
should it please Him in mercy to rai.se her up, that
would condescend to strengthen her to endure an
perform all that might be required at her hands,
evening before her close she remarked, " What an a'
thing to put off a preparation for death to such a t
as this. I know not how it may turn with me. 1
nothing in my way. If it is the deir Master's wL
take me to himself I feel that my work is done." '
next morning, about 36 hours from the first attack,
peacefully passed away.
, in Westmoreland, N. Y., on the 6th of 2d
1879, Mary Ann, wife of David Peckhara, in the (
year of her age, a member and elder of Westmorel
Monthly Meeting. In the death of this dear Fru
the Society has lost one of its faithful and upright
lars. Her meek and forgiving spirit, her sympathy
those in affliction, together with her charity for
erring, greatly endeared her to all who knew i
Fully convinced of the principles of the Society
Friends, she was concerned faithfully to maintain
doctrines and testimonies, and was grieved over
departure from or innovation upon them. A si
time before her close she said, " I see nothing in
way, and feel that I am almost home."
, in Smyrna, N. Y., on the 2Sth of 2d mo. If
Susan K., wife of John J. Peckham, in the 64tb j
of her age, a member of Smyrna Monthly Meetinj
Friends. 'Though enduring great suffering, her m
was preserved clear to the last, and after much exerc
through mercy, she was permitted to feel a full asi
ance of happiness hereafter.
— , on the 16th of 2d mo. 1879, Mary, wif
Caleb Engle, in the 00th year of her age, a membe
Plymouth Monthly and Southland Particular Meet
of Friends. This dear Friend endured much bo(
pain through a protracted illness, which she bore w
a remarkable degree of patience. Her relatives i
friends have the consoling hope that their loss is
eternal gain.
— , at West Chester, Pa., on the 1st of 3d mo. If
Jane C. Gamble, a member of Parkerville Partici;
and Kennet Monthly Meeting of Friends.
— , at the residence of her son, in Philadelphia
the 31st of 3d mo. 1879, Anna, widow of the late
Joseph Hartshorne, in the 88th year of her age. Be
arly redeemed from the world, she manifested her fa
nd hope in Christ ; and her long life was marked
mobtrusive usefulness. She wa.s beloved by mi
relatives and friends to whom her memory will be j
cious.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
OL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FOURTH MONTH 19, 1879.
NO. 36.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
e, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
n advance S2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Subioriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIKS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For " The Friend "
Errors,
'he vital welfare of religious bodies depend."*
m the healthy condition and right guid-
eof their members.
'he temptations to err from right, pro-
i from an enemy who seldom present-s
iself in his true character, but by his
nsformations, often appears as an angel of
>t; whereby he betrays the unwatchful and
guarded into a belief that his suggestion.s
the dictates of Divine Wisdom. As these
accepted and acted upon, the work is not
t of true peace, nor the effect that of quiet-
s and assurance ; but partakes more of the
.racter of "the troubled sea, which cannot
I." This unrest may unhappily be mis-
en for an increase of zeal for God, and his
pk. The more the enemy can indoctrinate
mind with error, the more successful he
n laying waste the heritage of God. His
t attempt at seduction consisted in finding
It with God's law, and proposing to our
t parents the violation of it as a means of
tering their condition. The deception was
h as induced them to look upon him as
ir friend. Therefore they believed him,
I acted upon his advice. Since that day
ny have been beguiled by the same enemy,
1 by following his devices become ministers
unrighteousness.
iut in the work of righteousness there is a
rning, both to choose the good and to re-
e the evil ; to resist the devil, to draw nigh
;o God, and to distinguish the Shepherd's
ee from that of the stranger.
Chere have been since the Christian era so
iny different ideas put forth professedly
ier the name of Christ, that it is not easy
get up an entirely new scheme. Those
|ich appear new mostly prove to be some
! error in an apparently new dress; which,
sthe skill of talented and ambitious men, is
isented in a waj' that begets a response in
\ unthinking and inexperienced, and affords
d for that disposition which is chiefly de-
3US of hearing and telling some new thing,
lemes which embrace much error and but
ile truth, are commonly short-lived. Those
items are the most hurtful that are put
ith as religious truth, but are so but in part ;
1 whose advocates, in presenting them, so
•y in their methods, as at one time to dwell
gely on the truth that is in them, and at
ler times on the errors they include, dis
luising the error in such a way as to conceal
ts real character.
The religious Society of Friends have ever
held as a cardinal Christian doctrine, a belief
n the only begotten Son of God ; even in Him
who was conceived of the Holy Ghost, and
boi-u of the Virgin Mary, " the Word (that)
was made flesh and dwelt amongst us," Him
who was crucified on Calvary, died and was
buried ; who rose again [his flesh saw no cor-
ption], ascended up into heaven, where He
now sitteth at the right hand of God the
Father, our Mediator, Advocate, and Inter-
cessor with the Father. They believe that
He is the Lord from Heaven, the Quickening
Spirit, who is now come the second time with-
out sin unto salvation, by his own Holy Spirit,
the manifestation of which is given to every
man to profit withal.
But the Society has had its trials. Larger
or smaller bodies of persons have been drawn
away from the simplicity of the truth as it is
n Jesus.
A half a century since, many by the name
of Friends, under the profession of greater
ght, denied the divinity of Christ Jesus.
In endeavoring to establish their theory, they
misinterpreted many Scripture declarations.
They held that He who was conceived of the
Holy Ghost, and born of the virgin Mary, was
an eminently good man, the highest type of
Christian character, but was only man, and
therefore his sufterings on the cross on Cal-
vary could be of no avail for us. They dwelt
nuch on the work of the Spirit, and in some
espects with considerable clearness. But in
other parts there is an ambiguity of expres-
sion, caused by their making improper spirit-
ual application of many portions of Scripture
"n order to sustain their positions above re-
ferred to. Their theory was based upon fun-
damental errors, and was productive of sad re-
sults.
In the year 1830, the Yearly Meetings of
Friends in America issued a united testimony
to the Truth, which was evidently the result
of right religious concern and labor, and which
clearly and fully sets forth the doctrines of
the Gospel of Christ as they have ever been
held by Friends; together with the testi-
monies which are the true outgrowth of right
principles.
Friends having passed through deep trials,
and witnessed the painful sepai'ation that had
taken place, as the result of the errors above
described, were vigilant in watching and de-
tecting such errors, perhaps without suffi-
ciently considering the possibility of a reac
tion. Doctrines of an opposite character were
soon introduced, and cautiously propagated
with, for a time, but little apparent etfeet
The seed thus sown ultimately took root and
produced fruit after its kind with a large in-
crease. In its fuller development may be seen
a compound of " Antinomianism" and " Rant-
erism," A summary of the leading or ultra
ideas, may be presented as follows :
That a full and free salvation for men has
been wrought out by Jesus on the cross on
Calvary. That He then and there finished the
work. That all we have to do is to accept
Him as our Saviour, to believe in Him, and
appropriate X,\\a,t finishel work to ourselves. A
distinction is made between Father, Son, and
Holy Spirit. That the Holy Spirit is not
Christ, but only testifies of Him. That the
Holy Spirit does not work in the heart of the
sinner. That the Spirit never cleanses, the
■ tertil blood of Jesus being the only cleanser.
According to the above, the sufferings of
Jesus, the shedding of His blood on the cross
on Calvary, does all the work. One of the
"Dublin Dolier Street Tracts" reprinted at
Richmond, Indiana, says that " Christ has
done every thing for the sinner, and man has
nothing to do to obtain remission of sins but
to believe in what Christ has done for him." It
would exceed the proper limits of this essay
to name all the crudities of these errors. But
ts advocates do not confine themselves to the
utterance of those extreme views, but work
upon a sliding scale, from truth to error, and
vice versa. These errors are frequently pre-
sented in such a mixture as very much to con-
ceal the counterfeit. All this is done under
profession of greater light and higher attain-
ment, accompanied with a profession of more
cient work for Jesus. Much labor has been
bestowed in their propagation. Means have
been employed to bring an influence to bear
upon the mind from without, in order to
awaken the emotional feelings. And when,
by reason of these influences, vocal expression
has been given to a belief in the Lord Jesus
Christ, such speakers are considered as having
been converted to Christ. Conversions of this
kind have been largely heralded to induce the
belief that, much good has been done.
An easier way has been opened to member-
ship in the religious Society of Friends, than
that of self denial and the daily cross. Such
language as follows : " Hide behind the cross,"
" Looking to the middle cross" &c., has been
used as showing an easy and sure way to the
kingdom. It is no marvel that adherents
should be gained to such a system, inasmuch
as there are persons who still prefer not to
bring their deeds to the light. But it is strange
that it has obtained so large a place in the So-
ciety of Friends. It will not help us to shut
our eyes to the fact that changes have come
over us, for the last few years, more rapidly
than is often known in religious bodies; and
that new principles and practices have ob-
tained the predominance in many places.
Wherever they have gained the ascendency,
the way is greatly closed against those who
are sound in the faith in the right exercise of
their gifts. It is therefore a time of suffering
[to the true Israel of God, who have great need
faithfully to ponder the paths of their feet;
and not only to hear but to do the commands
of our blessed Lord, so as to know a firm
I establishment upon the Rock, Christ Jesus ;
281
THE FRIEND.
and so keep the word of liiw patience, with
the assurance that the foundation of God
standeth sure, having this seal, the Lord
knoweth them that are His.
The doctrines and testimonies which were
conimilted to our early Friends, and are no
less than primitive Christianity revived, have
descended to us as a precious legacy; and we
shall be held accountable to the great Giver
for the way in which we preserve and trans-
mit them. Let none, therefore, shrink from
])resent suffering, for surely "Great is our God
above all gods," and He is able to bring hi;^
purposes to pass; and happy will it be for
those whom He is pleased to own as his faith-
ful servants. A. S.
Ontario, 3d mo. 1879.
For "The Friend."
The Gabelle.
In " A Short History of the French Peo
pie," written by Paul Lacombe, there is given
an explanation of the causes which led to the
great French revolution, which overthrew
the existing government, and swept awa^'
many of the hindrances to the happiness of
the citizens which h;id before existed.
After speaking of other forms of taxation,
the writer says :
" Of all the taxes the gabelle was most do
tested, and well deserved so to be. The gabelle
was the tax on salt, or, to speak more accu
ratoly, a tax with suit as the medium. Tht
State alone had a right to sell it; alone pos
sessed salt-factories. Naturally, the State sold
it at a price above its worth ; but this was not
all: had it been, the people would have sub
raitted with patience; but the State forced
each subject to buy a fixed amount. This
amount varied in different provinces, as did
also the price ; and there were even some pro-
vinces which did not pay this tax at all. We
shall presently see the result of this diversity,
So each man was obliged to go to the State
magazines, and buy the quantity of salt as-
sessed to him whether he needed it or not.
He received, at the same time, a ticket called
gabilement. This salt was called sel de devoir,
and, curious to relate, had to be kept for daily
consumption : it could not bo used for salting
down; another supply must be bought for
that, even though the purchaser had already
more than he could use.
" It resulted from all this, that, as the price
of salt varied much in different places, and was
everywhere dear beyond reason, there was a
great profit in selling contraband salt, or in
buying sel de devoir from particular people, in
places where it cost least, and transporting it
where it was most expensive. Of course this
was prohibited, and called salt-smuggling ; but,
in spite of that, a large number of men devoted
themselves to this industry, and, in certain
cantons, the larger part of the peasantry de-
serted agriculture for salt-smuggling. Even
priests and soldiers were implicated ; and thus
the mal-administration of the time, by making
laws which all were tempted to break, and
which a great number did break, caused po-
litical depravity among the people.
"The profit accruing from this smuggling
multiplied the frauds so excessively, that their
frequency and the difficulty of suppressing
them led to an atrocious penalty. The salt-
smuggler was sentenced to a heavy fine for
the first offence, punished with the galleys for
a second, or, if he were armed and belonged
to a union, he was condemned to the galleys
for his first offence, and hung for his second ;
and this latter often happened. There were
three thousand five hundred imprisonments
and fifteen hundred sentences to severe or
capital punishments every j^ear, for salt-smug-
gling. There wore executed in France seven
or eight or even ten times as many salt-smug-
glers as assassins, in the same time. The
gabelle had a regular army of guards and
soldiers; and, putting together all the spaces
over which watch had to be kept in the pro-
vinces, wo find the gabelle had to guard twelve
hundred leagues of barrier."
SelectoJ.
Oil tile Resumction of Jesus Christ.
BY OLINTUUS OaEGORY.
(Continued from page 274.)
These three women and two of the apostles
having been at the sejjulchre, and- Mary the
last of them having departed, it being yet
early: just as she was going Joanna came,
and a considerable company with her; bring-
ing the spices, &c., in order to embalm the
body of Jesus, as they had agreed before the
sabbath. They spent no time in reasoning
about the removal of the stone, as the others
had done; being a sufficient number to effect
it, and expecting to meet the other three wo-
men at the place: for they knew nothing of
what had passed at the sepulchre in the earlier
part of the morning, before they arrived.
When they got there, they found the ston
rolled away : so they went into the sepulchre,
and immediately perceived that the body was
not there: but when they went in they saw
no angel, as Mary and Salome had seen, sit-
ting at the right side ; nor did the two angels,
who spake to Mary Magdalene, now appear.
Joanna and her companions, like the othei
women, were full of amazement: and whih
they were in this perplexity, behold two
angels stood by them and said, " Why seek
ye the living aaiong the dead? He is not
here, but is risen," &c. Then the women re-
turned from the sepulchre, and told all the-te
things to the eleven, and to others, who, it
seems, were now gathered together, by reason
of the report Peter and John had made on
their return from the sepulchre an hour or
two before. When Peter and John were at
the sepulchre, thej^ had seen no angels ; nor
had they heard any report that Jesus was ac-
tually risen : but on Joanna's relatin>;; what
she had seen and heard, Peter, evincing the
ardor which marked all his actions, ran a
second time to the sepulchre ; and some others
either along with him, or soon after him :
the}' all found that the body was not in the
rave ; but they saw not Jesus.
Soon after this, two of them went a journey
as far as Emmaus, about seven and a half miles
from Jerusalem. We haye no account of any
more persons going to the sepulchre. But
Peter, soon after the departure of the two dis-
ciples for Emmaus, retired to a place alone to
meditate upon what had occurred, where his
Lord appeared to him. This was the third
appeai'anee of Christ; but the first to any of
his apostles. Jesus, having conversed a little
with Peter, left him ; and soon coming up with
the two disciples who wore Journeying to
Emmaus, conversed with them a good while,
md afterwards revealed himself unto them.
This was tho fourth appearance.
While these two disciples were from Jeru-
salem, those who continued at that city were
eat concern; for though Joanna had told
them, from the angels^that Jesus was risi
yet her "words were as idle tales." Soi
time after, Mary Magdalene brought th(
the tidings that she had " seen the Lord
she found them mourning and ineredulo
notwithstanding the cheering tenor of t
news she communicated. The other Ma
and Salome likewise conveyed their tidin;
as they were directed, first by the angels, a
then by Christ himself. Late the same ev«
ing Peter came and informed them that i
had seen Jesus. And as his disciples were d
cussing the evidences of his resurrection, sor
believing, others doubting, the two returni
from Emmaus; and while they received, j
the one hand, the joyful intelligence "ti
Lord is risen indeed, and hath appeared ,
Simon," they in their turn confirmed the li
count, telling " what things were done in tj
way, and how he was knownof them in breaj
ing of bread ;" by this insignificant act
minding them of his last supper with thej
Still, however, "some of thorn believed no]
though Jesus had now appeared four limej
first to one woman, then to two ; after that
one man, and then to two.
Our Lord's fifth appearance after his resi-
rection was much more public than any of t
preceding ones ; for while they were earnest
conversing upon this most interesting top,
still on the evening of the first day of t'
week, just after the return of the two frc]
Emmaus, "Jesus himself stood in the inici
of them, and said unto them, Peace be unj
you." Though Thomas was at this time £^
sent, yet there was a considerable number :
the disciples gathered together, besides ten i
the apostles, in order to inquire and lea;
more about Jesus Christ, besides this, t
guard having said that they had seen an ang
at the sepulchre, tho Jews were enraged th
their precautions to detain the body were d
foated, circulated tho ridiculous story that
was stolen by tho disciples of Jesus while tj
guards slept, and began to threaten the dj
ciples; they, therefore, being " afraid of tlj
Jews," dare not sleep in their own lodging]
but had assembled together, and shut the docj
previously to this appearance of Jesus. H
sudden and unexpected appearance and a
dress to them terrified them, so that th(
thought "it was a spirit," and not their Lo
in the same identical body that was crucifid
and buried. But the Eedeomer, to remo
their distressing unbelieving thoughts, (
reeled them to behold him steadfastly,
feel and touch him, and observe his late
wounded and pierced hands and feet. Tht
he ate before them, still farther to confir
their faith; and "opened the Scriptures
them," showing them that "thus it behoov(
Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead tl
third day." After that, conversing still fa
ther with them, he gave them another sign
his real existence and life, b}' breathing upc
them ; of his divine power, by conferring upc
them tho Holy Spirit; and then departe
Presently after, Thomas came in ; but whc
the disciples told him they had "seen tl
Lord," he refused his assent, and repliei
Except I shall see in his hands the print i,
tho nails, and put my finger into the print c
the nails, and thrust my hand into his sid
1 will not believe." Such was the incredulit
of this apostle, although Jesus had then bee
soon iii five distinct times in the course of th:
one day.
At the close of tho feast of unleavenE:
THE FRIEND.
283
ead, that is, on the succeeding first day of
0 week, Jesus again appeared unto the
ven, Thomas being with them: he upbraid-
him for his unbelief, allowed him the tests
wished for, and extorted from him the con-
sion, "My Lord and my God!" On this
asion, wiiich was the sixth time of Jesus
rist's appearing, there does not seem to
Ve been much conversation. The appear-
ce was probably for the especial purpose of
Qvincing Thomas.
(To be continuoil.)
A Bird-Lamp.
Now the very first thought with all the lit-
readers will be, "I know, I know, it must
rely be one of those pretty bronze arrange-
nts one sees in the china and hardware
)res, for sale." But no, it is not ; really, you
II hardly believe me when I tell you that
is a bird — -a small creature covered with
ithers, and only a little while before, was
Dging its way over the waters, as blithe and
!y as any living thing could be.
Well, children, to tell j-ou the truth, I must
ofess that a great cruelty seems apparent,
'd the poor Stormy Petrel is the sufferer;
siding up its little life in the strange service
giving light to its captors. Yes, many
rellers of sea girt islands have no other
mps; and to them,no doubt, agreatnecessity
Dwds out that feeling of pity and tenderness
at should lead them to find less painful
eihods of personal convenience. This is the
ay the cruel deed is done : A bit of soft cord,
hat we call " wicking," is ruthlessly drawn
rough the delicate frame of the bird, in such
way that it may become saturated with the
ntents of a tinj^ oil-tank, secreted for the
ecial nourishment of baby-birds; the twist-
1 threads are then set aflame as unconcern-
lly as if it were only a lantern made of tin
• wood.
Somehow, the poor Petrel has many ene-
ies, both on land and on sea; it is raved at
id denounced as a creature of ill- omen and
id luck, a screaming, rampant thief, always
reshadowingevil or engaged in petty larcc-
7 ; but truly, a brave and gallant sailor is
Thelassidroina pelagica" having also many
ireful thoughts touching the comforts of the
)me-nest, and the one puffy little nursling
lerein most tenderly reared. In settling
3usehold affairs, the Petrel has ever "a
ndsward eye," and looks very comical peer-
g about, as is their custom, among rocky
ifts and into cleft-riven ledges, noting with
irious exactness all possibilities of comfort ;
'ter desirable quarters are found, there is no
3lay in preparing for family enjoyment. If,
awever, no secure nook can be found, then
IT busy bird at once settles himself to dig-
ing in the earth, and a famous burrower is
b; the house-place is made to accommodate
party of three only, and down a foot or more
3I0W the surface, thej' find themselves de-
ghtfully situated. Adi-oit builders are these
inning workmen ; and when the solitary
yg is laid, feel that their treasure is secure
-the one egg small and white, from which
'ill, in due time, emerge the child of their
ffections.
Off Cape Sable, many thousand Petrels con-
regate, the low-lying islands presenting rare
hances for such housekeepers ; during the
ay, the busy providers are of necessity away,
Dmetimes skimming distant waves, often rid-
ig upon stormiest billows, pursuing with un-
daunted energy " the calling" of their lives
But thej- are not forgetful of home cares, and
with unerring certainty returning, each to its
own special home, to feast and coddle the lone
baby, soothing it, too. after the fashion of
their kind, with oddly-intoned nursery ditties,
expressive of deepest affection.
Much business falls to the lot of the greatly
abused Petrel — following ships in their course,
screaming out warnings of coming danger,
and remembering, as well, to gather many
fragments of floating food, all this must our
lively Petrel do, in the furtherance of God-
given instincts, and with great injustice are
many hard and cruel epithets heaped upon
his head ; the sturdy mariner is his determin-
ed foe, and landsmen, as well, are not slow to
denounce him as "a creature unworthy noble
company." They forget that the " prophetic
waller" was been given " an inner gift,"
whereby it can apprehend the warof elements,
and with uplifted voice pipe out in mournful
numbers an earnest song of warning; and
calling him " The Devil's Bird" is a reproach
not to be borne.
The Petrel has "its mission ;" no creature
made by God is useless, or to be scorned or
shut away from our tenderest forbearance. —
E. P. Chaplin in Nat. Baptist.
The Story of Colbert.
Stories of real life are oftentimes more start-
ling than fiction. Such is the story of Colbert,
the woollen-draper's apprentice, who became
the Prime Minister of France.
One of the most wonderful manufactures
the world has ever known is that of the cele-
brated Gobelin tapestry, the founder of which
was the great French statesman, Colbert,
whose genius brought renown upon the reign
of Louis XIV. The glass works of the Fau-
bourg St. Antoine were also established by
him ; it was he who planned the erection of
the Hotel des Invalides, the triumphal arch
of the Rue St. Denis, and many more of the
adornments of the great French city ; and yet
this man, so renowned, so admired, and so
powerful, had risen to his high position by
his own merit and his own ability.
In a certain sense he was the maker of his
own fortune, although we know that it is
God's blessing only which can really bring us
success, and that it was God who enabled
Jean Baptiste Colbert to perform the honor-
able action which was his first step to pros-
perity.
We read that he was a thoughtful boy, lov-
ing nothing so well as his books, and prompt-
ed only b}' duty to his parents when he was
willing to be bound as apprentice to Certain,
a woollen-draper of Rheims. One day the
youth was sent to the house of a banker of
Paris, to show him some cloths which he re-
quired for the hangings of a country house he
had recently purchased, and having been duly
apprized of the price of the difterent qualities,
he started on his errand.
Being ushered into the presence of the
young gentleman, Baptiste laid the goods be-
fore him, and he chose one of the pieces. " I
like this best; what is the price?" he said,
carelessly.
"Fifteen crowns a yard," replied j^oun,
Colbert, believing himself correct; and th
banker, opening his desk, handed him four
hundred and fifty crowns, the price of the
thirty yards required.
Baptiste wrote a receipt and took th
money ; the shop-bo}' who had accompanied
him rolled up the goods and they werit back
to the shop.
The sharp old woollen-draper asked if he
had made any mistake, declaring that he
should return for the surplus money if he had
charged too little. To Baptiste's dismay, how-
ever, it was found that he had charged fifteen
crowns for the cloth, which was worth but
eight. The master was delighted, and em-
braced Baptiste, declaring that he would be
an honor to his family ; but the boy seized his
hat, exclaiming, "I will return to the gentle-
man, and give him back what I have received
n mistake ;" and with a bound he cleared the
threshold, and was out of sight before his
knavi-^h old master could hinder him.
Arrived at the hotel, Baptiste asked for
Cenani, and was so persistent in his demand
that at length the valet went to his master,
who was dressing.
"The young woollen-draper, sir, wishes to
speak with you."
I cannot see him now," was the reply.
Oh, please, sir, one word," said a voice at
the door. It was Baptiste, who had ventured
to follow the servant, and who now stepped
nto the room, told his tale, and laid down
two hundred and ten crowns upon the table.
"That is the sum you overpaid me, sir. I
beg your pardon, and have the honor to wish
you good morning."
But the young banker called him back, and
asked him how it was he had not kept the
money himself.
" I never thought of it, sir," was the simple
reply.
" Suppose I were to make you a present of
it?"
"Sir, I would not take it;" and the fair
young face flushed crimson.
'Well, good by. We shall meet again;"
and the banker dismissed him.
When Colbert reached the street, the first
person he met was the angry woollen-draper,
who ordered him to return to his home, and
never venture again into his presence.
That evening Baptiste walked into the little
room where his parents were eating their
frugal supper, and told them what had hap-
pened, and that ho had lost his situation.
There was only one feeling in the hearts of
the good people — Baptiste had acted rightly,
and God would not desert him.
While they were talking a visitor was an-
nounced, a stranger to his parents, but not
unknown to Baptiste. It was the young
banker, who had been to the woollen-draper's
shop, and then traced the boy to his home,
that he might offer him a situation in his own
banking-house. His strict and conscientious
application to business led to rapid advance-
ment, and Baptiste was at length made trav-
eller to the firm.
His mind and taste developed in the course
of his journeys, and when he was about thirty
j^ears of age he was placed with Letellier, the
Secretary of State, who introduced him to
Mazarin, and the Cardinal begged him from
Letellier, and made him privy councillor.
When Mazarin became disliked and mistrusted
he retired to Cologne, and then Colbert re-
mained in Paris as comptroller-general, ac-
quitting himself with zeal and prudence.
But now that he was a great man, Baptiste
did not forget his home. He procured good
appointments for his brothers, and advanced
them by every means in his power.
284
THE FRIEND.
His great work was to found a chamber of
commerce, to establish naval Hchools, and to
open the harbors of Brest, Toulon and Roche
fort ; in fact, nothing seemed beyond the
range of the great and active mind of this
gifted man.
At the age of sixty-four years he died, leav-
ing behind him nine children, who all occu-
pied high and distinguished stations. Thus
ended the life of Jean Baptiste Colbert — the
slight, fair boy who, with silken curls falling
upon his shoulders, once pored over his favor-
ite books in the woollen draper's shop at
Eheims. — Child's Companion.
Those that love the law of God are convert-
ed, and made wise unto salvation by it; and
though theirenemies are very man}', and very
jiigh also, yet they cannot prevail against
them that love this law. The^' are the hap
])iest people of all the families of the earth.
No evil prevails against such ; and, as hath
been witnessed of old, viz: Great peace have
those that love thy law. So those are living
witnesses of the same great peace in this age,
who love the law, whicli is light. Thy law
is light, said one. He that loves this light,
brings his deeds unto it, hy it to be tried and
judged ; and after this the great peace is wit-
nessed. Peace is the reward of those that love
the law of God; peace in the inward parts,
even the peace of God, which the world can-
not give nor take away.
It is good not only to know the law of God,
but also to live in the sense and love of this
law at all times, when about our common oc-
casions in the world, as well as in our solemn
assemblings before the Lord. The love of this
])ure law of the Spirit of life, which judgeth
every appearance of evil, makes wise unto
salvation. — William Shewen.
understanding,^- have they not walked in
their own light, and in the sparks that they
have kindled lain down in sorrow? — The
Lost Blessing.
Selected.
WRITE THEM A LETTER TO-NIGHT.
Don't go to the theatre, grange or ball.
But stay in your room to-nigbt;
Deny your.self to the friends that call
And a good long letter write —
Write to the sad old folks at home
Who 8it when the day is done,
With folded hands and downcast eyes
And think of the absent one.
Don't selfishly scribble "excuse my haste,
I've scarcely the time to write,"
Lest their brooding thoughts go wandering back
To many a by-gone night,
When they fost their needed sleep and rest,
And every breath was a prayer —
That God would leave their delicate babe
To their tender love and care.
Don't let them foel that you've no more need
Of their love or counsel wise ;
For the heart grows strongly sensitive
When age has dimmed the eyes —
It might be well to let them believe
You never forget them, quite ;
That you deem it a pleasure, when far away,
Long letters home to write.
Don't think thai the young and giddy friends,
Who make your pastime gay,
Have half the anxious thought for you
That the old folks have to-day.
The duly of writing do not put off;
Let sleep or pleasure wait.
Lest the letter for which they looked and longed
Be a day or an hour too late.
For the sad old folks at home,
With locks fast turning while,
Are longing to hear from the absent one-
Write them a letter to-uighl.
Our own Way. — In a large monastery in
Tuscany, now emptied of its former occu-
pants and fixlling into decay, there remains
one solitary monk, the cicerone of the travel-
ler who may be attracted to the spot by the
loveliness of its site, or the magniticence of
the ruined structure. He complained of the
tyranny that had destroyed their ancient
habitation and scattered the brotherhood, and
ended in lamenting that so many holy men
could now no longer serve God !
"Is there then no sphere of holiness but in
a monastery?" inquired his visitor. "Are
there no means by which God can be served
out of it?"
The Carthusian looked confused, and after
a moment's pause replied apologetically, " it
is plcasanter to serve God in the place and
way one likes best."
'Thus it is with all who speak their own
thoughts and do their own wills, and who,
finding a way easy to nature, escape the cross.
The Lord in love destroys the work that
seems so fair, and scatters the possession not
laid up in Heaven ; teaching us that we are
pilgrims and strangers, anil not citizens of
this world.
There is a natural delight in the success of
our own schemes, which is not delight in the
Lord. The promise is in " not doing thine
own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor An Ohio man, who had been seen two sue
speaking thino own words; then sh.alt thou cessivo days pacing up and down in front of
delight thyself in the Lord." Isaiah Iviii. 13, his saloon, as if in deep thought, was asked
14. Let those say who have been cumbered by a friend if the crusaders had been after
with much serving, without seeking counsel bim. His reply was, "No; but I have re-
and strength from Him who is wisdom and^ceived a postal, signed by three ladies. The
^_^^_^ Olyelte Ellis.
Selectpd.
'■ -A LITTLE WHILE AND YE SHALL SEE
ME."
A little while," oh, words of tender meaning,
That fill our souls with longings and with joy,
That bid our thoughts rise upward, very ghadly.
To that bright land where bliss has no alloy".
" A little while," and then in that fair country,
All of our tears God's hand shall wipe away ;
All pain and sin, all earthly woe shall vanish,
When we behold, with joy, the perfect day.
And is this all ? that we no more shall sorrow,
That we shall find no sin within the place ?
Ah, no! the promise thrills with new, sweet meaning—
" A little while," and we shall see his face.
" A little while," and we shall see his glory,
Who, for our ransom, shed his precious blood.
That all our sins, though scarlet, might be whitened
E'en washed away beneath the crimson flood.
" A little while," and Christ shall lead us gently
Up to the many mansions of the blest,
And all the hungry shall be fed with m.anna.
And all the weary shall he give sweet rest
For in that land he giveth joy for sorrow.
He giveth peace to those by earth long tried ;
And each soul findeth there its chief desire^
For in Christ's likeness all are satisfied.
A little while," oh true, sweet words of comfort!
Fill thou our souls with Christ's own living gr,ace,
That we may wait with gladness, always knowing,
" A little while," and we shall see his face.
Millie Coleord.
husband of the first is one of my custome
and is rapidly becoming a drunkard. A
of the second, one of my customers, is ji|j
starting in the drunkard's course. The h;
band of the third was one of my custome
and died a drunkard. It cuts close, and
can't stand it." — Illustrated Weekly.
When Frederick Hoffmann discovered c:
bonic acid gas and traced its effects on anin:
life, he was denounced by more than one G(
man university as hostile to religion and vei
ing towards atheism ! Three or four studen
at the University of Jena, in the a^ttempt
raise a spirit for the discovery of a'suppos
hidden treasure, were strangled or poison
by the fumes of the charcoal they had be-
burning in a close garden house of a vineya
near Jena, while employed in their iflag
fumigations and charms. One only was
stored to life; and from his account of tl
noises and spectres in his ears and eyes as I
was losing his senses, it was taken for grant(
that the bad spirit had destroyed them. Ho
mann admitted that it was a very bad spit
that had tempted them, the spirit of avari
and folly, and that a very noxious spirit — -g
or "geist" — was the immediate cause of the
death. But he contended that this latl
spirit was the spirit of charcoal, which wou
have produced the same effect had the youn
men been chanting psalms instead of incant
tions, and acquitted the devil of all direct coi
cern in the business. The theological facult
took alarm ; even physicians pretended to t
horror-stricken at such audacity.
The idea that any discoveries in the sphei
of the natural sciences can undermine tb
foundations of Christianity is losing its hoi
■gradually, indeed, but certainly and finalh
" The mistakes of scientific men have neve
injured Christianity, while every new trut
discovered by them has either added to it
evidence or prepared the mind for its recej:
tion."
"A Right Spirit." — On one occasion a fathe
found it necessary to punish his little daughtei
But Mary climbed up into his lap, and, throw
ing her arms around his neck, said, " Papa, .
do love you."
Why do you love me, my child?" thu
father asked.
" Because you try to make me good, papa.'.|
It is in this spirit that God's people shoulcj
accept the chastisement he sends, remember]
ng it is in love he rebukes and chastens; noi<
for his pleasure, but for their profit, that thej^
may bo partakers of his holiness. '
Ru.ssiaii Autocracy. ,
The power concentrated in the Eussiar,
Czars is without precedent in history, anc
has at all times exerted a most fatal influence
on public life in Russia as well as on the per
sonal character of the Czars themselves
Trained to a slavish obedience and to the
belief that the personal will of one man and
not the law, was the guiding principle o)
their whole existence, the people gradually
sank into that political and intellectual apathy
from which even now the mass of the Russian
peasantry has not yet awakened. Not only
to the people, however, but to the Czars
themselves, has their power become a curse.
Feeling the awful responsibility weighing on
them, they naturally sought to alleviate it by
Jg their power a divine character. Every
THE FRIEND.
285
if their acts they began to consider as the
)f God, theoiselves as his instrument, and
r man who dared to oppose them as an
snt atheist not recognizing the dictates
aven, for whom no punishment could ap-
too cruel and severe. In a certain sense
pinion ia well founded, that all Kussian
5 were more or less maniacs. A human
cannot bear the strain put on it by the
iise of an almost divine power. It natu-
acquires a morbid disposition, which
I different forms, according to the charac-
nd energy of each individual. A man
an undaunted will and energy becomes
iniac of his own power, a cold-blooded
it, in whose eyes the strict maintenance
8 "divine" rights becomes a religion, a
I it is his duty to uphold.' The prototype
is species of " Cscsarean" majority is to be
i in our century in the person of Nicho-
,, the present Emperor's father. He ex-
ed his power not only as a right, but as
ly duty, imposed on him by Providence,
jrushed his enemies, not from personal
}d, or out of governmental interests, but
ly as a work of heavenly justice.
1 episode which happened in 1848 with a
ber of my own family, will best serve to
trate this feature in the character of the
m Czar." A relation of mine, who was
a student at the St. Petersburg Univer-
had, with a few friends, formed a literary
)ty, in which the works of contemporary
lical economists, publicists, and philoso-
■8, were read and debated. One of the
merable spies of the secret police de-
iced the society as a "secret revolution-
organization." and my relative, as presi-
; thereof. The latter was of course ar-
3d, locked up in one of the underground
I of the St. Petersburg fortress, and sum-
ily condemned by a special military court,
■ansportation to Siberia for life.
1 the influence which our family possessed
igh quarters was brought to bear on the
c, but all in vain. At last the mother of
prisoner, meeting the Czar one day dur-
one of his solitary walks in the Summer
den, threw herself at his feet, averring her
I3 innocence, and imploring his pardon.
Czar seemed to be profoundly touched,
raised the old lady with the most chival-
f and pitying deference, and promised her
jconsider her son's case, and to have a per-
il interview with him. Nicholas was true
is word. The very next day the young
rit was brought out of his cell, and, a few
nents later, he stood before the Emperor.
latter took him by the hand, led him be-
an image of the Saviour suspended in a
ler of the room, and, forcing him down on
knees, exclaimed :
Can you swear before Almighty God that
her you nor your associates had any crimi-
design against my life ? Can you swear
i you believe in the holiness and eternity
he Kussian autocracy?"
soon as the prisoner had recovered from
unbounded surprise, he answered :
I can swear to your Majesty that neither
)r any of my friends had the remotest de-
against your safety. As to the autocratic
n of government, I cannot conscientiously
ar that I believe in its eternity. The his-
' of other countries teaches us that the
e must come, even in Russia, when the
pie itself will take part in its government."
'he Czar answered not a syllable, embraced
the young man with almost parental tender-
ness, and drawing a ring fi-om his own finger,
he gave it to him, saying ;
"This is a token of respect from your Czar
You have been sincere and truthful to me^
and there is nothing I hate so much as a "
"I would have given my own life if I could
have undone the killing of white men bj' ray
people. I blame my young men and I blame
the white men. I blame General Howard for
not giving my people time to get their stock
away from Wallowa. I do not acknowledge
ht to order mo to leave
He then approached his writing-table, onithatho had the
which the sentence of the court concerning my , Wallowa at any time. I deny that either my
relative was lyino-, and with one stroke of the father or myself ever sold that land. It 19
° ■ still our land. It may never again be our
homo, but my father sleeps there, and I love
pen — signed the paper!
I pity you from the bottom of my heart,"
said; "you are an honest man, and an
honest man, true to his convictions, is more
dangerous to autocracy than an unprincipled
rascal. Therefore I must punish you, though
it as I love my mother. I left there, hoping
to avoid bloodshed.
" If Geneial Howard had given me plenty
of time to gather up my stock, and treated
was this duty more painful to me than Too-hool-hool-suit as a man should be treated,
now. God bless you, my son, and judge me
mercifully if I should appear to bo in the
wrong."
And, once more embracing bis victim, he
led him to the door.— iV. Am. Review.
'The Friend.'
An Indian's View of Indian Affairs.
(Conclnded from page iTl.)
"When I returned to Wallowa I found my
people very much excited upon discovering
that the soldiers were already in the Wallowa
Valley. Wo held a council, and decided to
move immediately, to avoid bloodshed.
"Too-hool-hool-suit, who felt outraged by
his imprisonment, talked for war, and made 'placed on a 1 , -..
many o1^ my young men vviUing to fight rather -cept riyer-^vater to frmk and cook w.b.
there would have been no war.'
It is not necessary to republish the particu-
lars of the war which immediately followed.
It lasted but a few weeks. The Indians
finally surrendered to General Miles upon the
assurance that their lives should be spared,
and they should be sent upon the Reservation.
This promise that they should be sent to the
Reservation has never been fulfilled. Chief
Joseph says:
" General Miles turned my people over to
another soldier, and we were taken to Bis-
marck. Captain Johnson, who now had
charge of us, received an order to take us to
Fort Leavenworth. At Leavenworth we were
river bottom, with no water
than be driven like dogs from the land where
they were born. He declared that blood alone
uld wash out the disgrace General Howard
We had always lived in a healthy country,
where the mountains were high and the water
was cold and clear. Many of my people sick-
had put upon him. It required a strong heart lened and died, and we buried them in this
to stand up against such talk, but I urged my strange land. I can not tell how much my
heart suffered for my people while at Leaven-
worth. The Great Spirit Chief who rules
above seemed to be looking some other way,
and did not see what was being done to my
to stand up against 1
people to be quiet, and not to begin a war.
" We gathered all the stock we could find,
and made an attempt to move. We left many
of our horses and cattle in Wallowa, and wei
lostseveral hundred in crossing the river. AUjpoopJ^e. _
of my people succeeded in getting across in " "^
safety. Many of the Nez Perces came to-
ether in Rocky Canon to hold a grand coun-
cil. I went with all my people. This coun-
cil lasted ten days. There was a great deal
of war-talk, and a great deal of excitement.
There was one young brave present whose
father had been killed by a white man fiv
years before. This man's blood was bad
against white men, and he left the council
calling for revenge. o. , n • 1 o „„ ,„,-,*■
" A^ain I counselled peace, and I thoughtlcine, and we were nearly all sick. Seventy ot
During the hot days (July, 1878) we re-
ceived notice that we were to be moved farther
away from our own country. We were not
asked if we were willing to go. We were or-
dered to get into the railroad-cars. Three of
my people died on the way to Baxter Springs.
It was worse to die there than to die fighting
in the mountains.
" We were moved from Baxter Springs
(Kansas) to the Indian Territory, and set down
without our lodges. We had but little medi-
the danger was past. We had not complied
with General Howard's order because we could
not, but we intended to do so as soon as pos-
sible. I was leaving the council to kill beef
for my famil}', when news came that the
young man whose father had been killed had
gone out with several other hot-blooded
young braves and killed four while men. He
rode up to the council and shouted : ' Why do
you sit here like women ? The war has be-
gun already r I was deeply grieved. All
the lodges were moved except my brother's
and my own. I saw clearly that the war was
upon us when I learned that my young men
had been secretly buying ammunition. I
heard then that Too-hool-hool-suit, who had
been imprisoned by General Howard, had suc-
ceeded in organizing a war-party. I knew
that their acts would involve all my people.
I saw that the war could not then be pre-
vented. The time had passed. I counseled
peace from the beginning. I knew that we
were too weak to fight the United States. * *
my people have died since we moved there.
*****
"At last I was granted permission to come
to Washington and bring my friend Yellow
Bull and our interpreter with me. I am glad
we came. I have shaken hands with a great
many friends, but there are somethings I want
to know which no one seems able to explain.
I can not understand how the Government
sends a man out to fight us, as it did General
Miles, and then breaks his word. Such a
Government has something wrong about it.
r can not understand why so many chiefs are
allowed to talk so many different ways, and
promise so many different things. I have
seen the Great Father Chief (the President),
the next Great Chief (Secretary of the In-
terior), the Commissioner Chief (Hayt), the
Law Chief (General Butler), and many other
law chiefs (Congressmen), and they all say
they are my friends, and that I shall have jus-
tice, but while their mouths all talk right, I
Ido not understand why nothing is done for
286
THE FRIEND.
my people. I have heard talk and talk, but
nothing is done. Good words do not last long
unless they amount to something. Words do
not pay for my dead people. They do not
pay lor my country, now overrun by white
men. They do not protect my father's grave.
They do not pay for all my horses and cattle.
Good words will not give me back my chil-
dren. Good words will not make good the
promise of \^our War Chief, General Miles.
Good words will not give my people good
health and stop them from dying. Good
words will not get my people a home where
they can live in peace and take care of them-
selves. I am tired of talk that comes to noth-
ing. It makes mj' heart sick when I remem-
ber all the good words and all the broken
promises. There has been too much talking
by men who had no right to talk. Too manj'
misrepresentations have been made, too many
misunderstandings have come up between the
white men about the Indians. If the white
man wants to live in peace with the Indian,
he can live in peace. There need be no trou-
ble. Treat all men alike. Give them all the
same law. Give them all an even chance to
live and grow. All men were made by the
same Great Spirit Chief. They are all broth-
ers. The earth is the mother of all people,
and all people should have equal rights upon
it. You might as well expect the rivers to
run backward as that any man who was born
a free man should be contented when penned
up and denied liberty to go where he pleases.
If you tie a horse to a stake, do you expect he
will grow fat ? If you pen an Indian up on a
small spot of earth, and compel him to stay
there, he will not be contented, nor will he
grow and prosper. I have asked some of the
great white chiefs where they get their au-
thority to say to the Indian that he shall stay
in one place, while he sees white men going
where they please. They cannot tell me.
" I only ask of the Government to be treated
as all other men are treated. If I cannot go
to my own home, let me have a home in some
country where my people will not die so fast.
I would like to go to Bitter Root Valley.
There my people would be healthy; where
they are now they are dying. Three have
died since I left my camp to come to Wash-
ington.
When I think of our condition my heart is
heavy. 1 see men of my race treated as out-
laws and driven fr.:)m country to country, or
shot down like animals.
I know that ray race must change. We
cannot hold our own with the white men as
we are. Wc only ask an even chance to live
as other men live. Wo ask to be recognized
as men. Wo ask that the same law shall
work alike on all men. If the Indian breaks
the law, punish him by the law. If the while
man breaks the law, punish him also.
Let me be a free man — free to travel, free
to stop, free to work, free to trade where I
choose, free to choose ray own teachers, free
to follow tho religion of my father.s, free to
think and talk and act for myself — and I will
obey every law, or submit to the penalty.
Whenever the white man treats the Indian
as they treat each other, then we will have no
more wars. We shall all bo alike — brothers
of one father and one mother, with one sky
above us and one country around us, and one
government for all. Then the Great Spirit
Chief who rules above will smile upon this
land, and send rain to wash out tho bloody i
spots made by brothers' hands from the face
of the earth. For this time the Indian race
are waiting and praying. I hope that no
more groans of wounded men and women will
ever go to the ear of tho Great Spirit Chief
above, and that all people may be one people.
Inmut-too-yahlat-lat has spoken for his
people. Young Joseph.
Washington City, D. C.
THE FRIEND.
FOURTH MONTH 19, 1879.
Some weeks ago, copies of the following
minutes were handed to us by a Friend who
had received them from a member of the
Body known as the " Binns Yearly Meeting,"
to distinguish it from the Ohio Yearly Meet-
ing, from which it separated in 1854.
As they purported to be official documents,
expressing the belief of the body issuing thom,
we returned them to the Friend from whom
we received them, informing him that before
publishing them in our Journal, we would re-
quire their correctness to be vouched for by
some reliable authority.
Within a few days, the Friend who had
handed the minutes to us, has returned them,
and sent us a letter written to him by the
member of the "Binns" meeting who first
supplied them, to whom he had stated our
requisition. The writer of that letter says —
"I am willing to be responsible for the
minutes sent, so far as their being correct
copies, as taken from the minutes of the Se-
lect and Quarterly Meetings. * * * The
minute issued in 1877, originated in the Select
Meeting, and by it was sent down to its subor-
dinate meetings by a special committee. That
issued in 1878 by Select Meeting, was sent
down to the branches of the same, but no
farther."
Minute of 1877.
" This meeting was brought into deep ex-
ercise and travail concerning unsound and
mystical views and expositions which appear
here and there in certain of our members, in
opposition to the plain scriptural doctrines of
man's darkness and deadness in sin by na-
ture, and his redemption therefrom by the
Lord Jesus Christ, whose shed blood is the
alone means of cleansing the soul from all the
guilt of sin: it was directed, that a non-ac-
ceptance of this doctrine, is a manifest dis-
qualification for the station of Minister or
Elder."
Minute of 1878.
"This meeting renewedly feels tho import-
ance of purging itself from all unsoundness in
doctrine, and we hereby re-affirm tho substance
of the minute of last J'car, and subordinate
meetings are directed to carry out the in-
structions therein given, in reference to such
cases. Wo do not believe that there is any
principle or quality in the soul of man, innate
or otherwise, which, oven though rightly used,
will, ever satw a single soul; but that it pleased
God, by the foolishness of preaching, to save
them thai, believe; and the Holy Spirit is
sent to con-vince the ungodly of sin, who upon
repentance towards God, and faith in Jesus
Christ who died for us, are justified by his
blood. And ive repudiate the so called doctrine
of the inner light, or the gift of a portion of the
Holy Spirit in the soul of every man, as danger-
ous, unsound, and unscriptiiral."
The italicising is by us.
It is right to state, that tho writer of '
letter observes, that these minutes were
approved by several in the Quarterly Mee
of which he is a member, but they were c
ruled by the "controlling element."
The unsound, anti-scriptural doctrine
centraled in the concluding paragraph of
last minute, has been promulgated by pen
in the station of ministers in the diffe
Yearly Meetings for years past ; but, so fa
we know, this is the first time it has been
cially avowed by any organized body of tl
calling themselves Friends. It is as wii
departure from the doctrine of "unive
saving Light," as always held by Friend
though in an opposite direction, — as was
heresy of E. Hicks and his followers.
Of what worth is the expression, " The B
Spirit is senfto convince the ungodly of s
when made by those who thus publicly
clare they repudiate tho so-called doctrin
the Inner Light, or the gift of a portior
tho Holy Spirit in the soul of every man
dangerous, unsound, and unscriptiiral ; i
enact, that the non-acceptance of this docti
is a manifest disqualification for the stat
of minister or elder. Must not tho qu
arise in every fair-minded Friend, what ri
have a body of people to pass themselves
as Friends, while repudiating one of the f
damental and distinguishing doctrines of
gospel, as ever held by the Society ? Goo
Fox declares, "The Lord God opened to
by his invisible power. How every man i
enlightened by the Divine light of Chrii
" I saw it shine through all, and that they t
believed in it came out of condemnation, to
Light of Life, and became the children of
but they that hated it and did not believe ii
wore condemned by it though they mad
profession of Christ." Again, "I saw Ch;
died for all men, and enlightened all men <
ivomen with his divine, saving light, and t
none could be true believers but those loho
lieved therein. I saw that the Grace of G
which brings salvation, bad appeared to
men, and that the manifestation of the Sp;
of God was given to every man to profit wi
al."
With this declaration, correspond all
standard writings — approved by the Soci'
— of those Friends who have expounded to
world the doctrines and testimonies trul}' h
by Friends. But the departures from th
doctrines of the gospel and the testiraon
springing from them, are constantly beco
ing wider and more numerous, among thi
who have long been making innovations ud
them, and disrupting tho bonds that held ij
Society together for more than two centuril
yet those who adhere to the original faith ri
testimonies, are disowned by meetings cla^
ing to be sound, because they are conscil
tiously bound to withdraw from whore tl
are continually exposed to have themsel-l
and their children taught such heresy. j
If we rcmeraber aright, part of the depu'
tion sent out by London Yearly Meeting T
year were in attendance at the meeting wh ]
issued tho last minute. Nothing is said,
believe, in tho account published of their |
bors, of any opposition to, or disapprobati'
of, the doctrine contained in tho minute, boi'
manifested by them. As London Y^early Mc'
ing was the first to accept that body of so
ratists as a meeting in unity with it, and tl
opened the way and encouraged other Yea
Meetings to follow its load, wo would suppi
THE FRIEND.
287
it does not endorse the salient opinion set
1 in the minute sent down by its Select
•ly Meeting to its subordinate branches,
ih weare not prepared to believe — it would
as much cause to send a deputation to
icate this apostacy from Quakerism, as
ced it to send out its committee to advise
Friends who had withdrawn from their
w-merabers of Western Yearly Meeting,
(turn into fellowship with those they had
Time will malie manifest.
. the discussions which have lately taken
9 respecting the proposed transfer of the
of the Indians to the War Department,
houghtful observer can hardly fail to have
;ed the little acknowledgment that was
e of the inherent rights of the Indians,
how slightly the violation of the obliga-
3 of the nation towards them on the part
s oflScial representatives or by private in-
iuals, appears to have affected the public
i, as well as the little disposition that ap
8 to exist to prevent that most fruitful
e of disturbances with the Indians — the
■essions of lawless and designing while
, to which cause it has been recently
sd by a member of the Commi'^sion ap-
ted to report on the propriety of the pro-
d transfer, nine-tenths of the wars with
[ndiaus may be attributed. Had a right-
sentiment prevailed in the community at
B in reference to these important subjects,
heavy load of responsibility which now
i upon it on account of the treatment of
iborigines of this country, would not have
1 incurred.
I judging of the action of the Government
irgaining with the Indians for the sale of
p lands, it must be remembered that in
B instances, on account of the wandering
ts of the tribes, no strong partiality for
icular regions existed, and that the equiva
rendered was to them an adequate com
lation, but it is also true that in other
s, when the Indians have been unwilling
art with their land, its cession has boon
anded by force, and they have been re-
ed, with a ruthless hand, to a distant
e, although their attachment to their na-
grounds was of the strongest character,
sad history of the Nez Perce Indians,
3h has recently been spread before our
ers, and the forcible removal of the
inoles and Cherokees, in a former gen-
ion, are among the instances which might
ited, in which arrogant demands of white
jders upon the coveted home of the red
, were permitted to overrule considera-
s of right and justice, and to precipitate
Government into deeds of violence and
■ession. In other cases the promises of
Government for substantial support, the
nient of stipulated moneys, and the fulfil-
t of other conditions of treaties entered
, have been shamefully disregarded.
is to be feared that the frequency with
ch solemn pledges of this character have
1 violated on the part of the United States
not only stained our history with many
of injustice, but has also weakened among
lelves the sense of national honor, and
ered the feeling that treaties are to be ab
ited at the will of the stronger party, or
r restrictions removed notwithstanding
faith of the nation has been guaranteed
their observance, whenever the demand
)mes urgent on the part of our own people.
In an "Appeal on behalf of the colored
race," addressed to our fellow citizens by the
Yearly Meeting, in 1858, the following solemn
language occurs, which although referring
especially to the oppression of the blacks, and
bich may be regarded as having received in
great measure its illustration during the suf-
ferings which this nation shortly aftervvards
underwent in liberating them from slavery,
has yet, wo believe, an application to the
treatment of the " remnants of the tribes," in
the language of the appeal, " who once pos-
sessed the soil upon which we have grown
rich," and whom "every principle of religion
and humanity dictates should be treated with
kindness and liberality," viz :
" It is one of the fixed laws of [God's] moral
government, attested by experience and by
Holy Scripture, that wickedness and oppres-
sion are sooner or later followed by his just
judgments. The annals of those that have
preceded us furnish abundant evidence that
national sins have ever incurred national ca-
lamities, and that a course of iniquity and
violence, however prosperous for a time, has
eventually terminated in disgrace and ruin.
History abounds with instances of govern-
ments which have risen to a height of power
and influence which seemed almost irresisti-
ble ; and arrogantly presuming on the strength
of their position, and trusting to their skill
and management, have sought to aggrandize
themselves by encroaching on the rights of
others, until at length, in the righteous retri-
bution of Him who has declared 'Vengeance
is mine — I will repay,' the measure they have
meted to others has been returned upon
themselves, unlooked for calamities have be-
fallen, they have sunk into moral and political
degradation, and their very existence has
been blotted from the earth." " However
probable, in the day of outward prosperity, a
reverse may appear; however it may seem to
us for a time that God rogardeth not the in
iquity of the oppressor, nor listeneth to th
groaning of the down trodden, it is unalterably
certain that the day of recompense will sooner
or later ai-rivo."
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
admit Charles H. Bell
The five steamers which left New York on the 12th,
carried 225 cabin passengers for Europe. The special
features among the cargo were five cases and 100 bales
domestic dry goods for Liverpool, and 50 tons agricul-
tural machines for Germany.
The farmers of the Wyoming Valley are said to be
alarmed at the prevalence of " pleuro-pnenmonia" in
that region.
A severe snow storm is reported in the Lake Cham-
plain region on the 11th, — about eight inches of snow
fell.
A large number of colored people are leaving the
South, and emigrating to the West. At a meeting of
colored citizens, held in New York, resolutions were
adopted recommending the emigrants not to settle in
the cities and towns, but permanently on lands, and
develop that higher manhood which they are known
to possess.
Markets, &C.—V. S. sixes, 1881, 106 ; 5's, 1881, regis-
tered, 1031; coupon, 104| ; 4i per cents, 105^^; 4 per
cents, 90J; 10-40s, 101}.
Cotton, lU a 11 J cts. per pound for uplands and New
Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 8\ cts. in barrels, and standard
white, at Qi cts. for export, and 10 a lOJ cts. per gallon
for home use. Linseed oil, 60 cts. from American seed,
and 61 cts. from Calcutta. Lard oil, 50 a 53 cts, ;
sperm, crude, 83 cts., natural winter, 92 a 95 cts. ; neats-
foot, 75 cts. for prime, 60 cts. for No.'l, per gallon.
Fresh Fruits — .Apples scarce and in demand — Bald-
wins, S2.25 a $2.37 J ; choice Greenings, $2.50; Knssets,
$2 a $2.25. Cranberries, $7.50 a $9 per bbl. ; $2.25
a $2.75 per crate. Strawberries, 35 a 40 cts. per quart.
Flour. — Choice brands firralv held. Penna. extra,
$4..37i a $4.75 ; choice $4.90 a $5 ; Ohio extra family,
$4.50 a $5 ; fancy, $5.20 a $5.25 ; patent, $7.25 a $7.75.
Rye (lour, $2.75 a $2.85. Corn meal, $2.50 per barrel.
Bran, $13.75 a $14 per ton.
Grain. — Wheat was in better demand at an advance,
Delaware and Jersey amber, $1.15 a $1.16 ; red, $1 13
a $1.14; white, $1.17. Rye, 57 a 58 cts. Corn, 42 a
43| ct-s. Oats, mixed, 30^ a 31 cts. ; white, 32 a 32J cts.
Seeds. — Clover-seed, 4J a 5J cts. per lb. ; Flax-seed,
$1.42 a $1.45 per bushel ;" Timothy, $1.40 a $1.50 as to
quality.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 65 a 75 cts. per 100
pounds ; mixed, 50 a 05 cts. ; straw, 75 a 85 cts. per 100
pounds.
Beef cattle. — Extra steers, 6} cts.; medium to good,
5 a G cts. ; common, 4 a 5 cts. Cows, $25 a $35 per
head. Sheep, 4J a 6} cts. per lb. as to quality. Hogs,
6 a Gj cts. per pound, as to condition.
The number of deaths in Philadelphia for the week
ending at noon on the 12th, was 286. Of this number
180 were adults and 106 children : 52 being under one
year of age.
Foreign. — In the Dominion House of Commons, a
member for British Columbia moved for leave to in-
troduce a bill providing for a peaceful separation of
that Province from the Dominion. The motion was
not seconded, and the speaker declared it out of order,
the matter dropped.
United States. — The U. S. Senate has decided by
. ^ , ,- ,, „ - - „ Tj 1 • ' The Parliament of British Columbia has adjourned
appointed by the Governor ofNew Hampshire asl.._.;, ^^_ ,a.,, ;_.. , .., ,,_c_:». :_<• .:._ r
Senator The Army Appropriation bill was reported ^ regarding the railway question. Thii
without amendment, and placed on the calendar. _ The ! ^ , ^ ^ :/ 4
ote of 35 years to 28 nays,
until the 16th inst., to await definite information from
is action is
, . - • , .. i- .1 T • 1 .. approved by the public, who are opposed to sectional
House IS engaged in consideration of the Legislative If ^.J . idiournment, telegrams have been re-
Appropriation bi 1 The amendment directing that j ^ ia Victoria iVom Ottawa, saying that the con-
the ten millions of legal tenders kept in the Treasury , ^^^^,^^;^^ ^^ ^,^^ ^^.^ ^.^^ be commenced this year,
for the redemption of fractional currency, be issued in ,^^j ^^^ ^^.^ policy of the government will shortly
payment ot arrears oi pensions has been adopted. An , nnQ„nppj •' '^ ■' °
amendment making an appropriation for the eradica- j ^|^^ ^.^^ ^,.- ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ liquidators have decided
to call ipr 2250 pounds
:'h 100 pound share.
tion of the cattle disease, was debated on the 12th inst.,
and finally referred to the committee on agriculture. ,„,.„. , ^ , ,,-.,.
The report of the Directors of the Union Pacific I The Times correspondent at Lahore, says: Major
Railroad for 1878, shows there were 104,275 miles of Cavagnari will probably go to Cabul, with a small
road in operation. The total net income for the year escort, to endeavor to convince YakoobKahnof the
was $7,931,672. The local business of the road shows futility of resistance." It is said Yakoob is inciting the
a very encouraging increase over previous year. The frontier tribes against the British. _
sales of land amounted to 318,903 acres, at an average I Information from South Africa has been received to
price of $4.88} per acre. |the efiect that a convoy of supplies proceeding from
A telegram from Port Eads, at the mouth of the Mis- 1 Derby, in the Loudina district, to Muneburg, was at-
sissippi, savs there is now a navigable channel, 27 feet 'tacked by 4000 Zulus and captured. Twenty wagons
deep, from"the lighthouse to the waters of the gulf, and containing supplies were lost, and but few men escaped,
a 2.5 feet channel for the same distance with a width of I Russia. — Reports from Kieff state that the political
230 feet. | prisoners there are most cruelly treated. Many have
Telegraphic communication is now open between ! been shot while attempting to escape.
New York and Antofogasta, in Bolivia, South America. I On the 14th inst., while the Czar was taking his usual
At an auction sale in New York on the 9th inst., by morning walk, an attempt was made to assassinate him.
the Delaware and Hudson CanalfComp.any, of 50,000 Four or five shots were fired at him, but he escaped
tons of the several sizes of coal, the average price real- uninjured. The would-be assassin was captured, and is
ized was $2.53| per ton, which is 13} cents lower than undergoing examination.
the prices for the previous month. This is said to be It is reported that Prince MelikoiF and all the foreign
considerably below the cost of production. doctors have quitted Astrachan.
288
THE FRIEND.
From V\alparaiso, information is received tliat Chili
has formally declared war against Peru.
BOOKS FOR SALE AT FRIENDS' BOOK
STORE, No. 304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
Friends' Library, in fourteen volumes, super-royal octavo.
Complete sets of fourteen volumes each, bound in
sheep, can be had for $35.00 per set. There are now
on hand a number of odd volumes, bound in cloth,
which will be furnished at fifty cents each.
The History of the Rise, Increase and Progress of the
Christian people called Quakers, by William Sewell,
1 vol., sheep, $2 25
do. do. do. 1 vol., calf, 3 00
An Apology for the True Christian Divinity ;
being an Explanation and Vindication of tiie
Principles and Doctrines of the People called
Quakers, by Robert Barclay, . . . . 1 25
do. _ do. do. cheap edition, 50
Of Immediate Revelation, being the .second Pro-
position of Robert Barclay's Apology, flexible
sides, '....".... 10
Of Universal and Saving Light, being the Fifth
and Sixth Propositions of Robert Barclay's
Apology flexible sides, 15
Piety Promoted, in a collection of dying .sayings
of many of the people called Quakers, in four
vols., edited by Wm. and Thomas Evans,
The works of Isaac Penington, a Minister of the
Gospel in the Society of Friends, in four vols. 5 00
Rules of Discipline of Philada. Yearly Meetin"
(1S34,) sheep, 50
do. do. do. . . cloth, 40
The Original and Present State of Man, briefly
considered, by Joseph Phipps, ... 45
Letters on Religious subjects, written by divers
Friends, deceased, by Jno. Kendall, . . 75
Letters of the late John Barclay, . sheep, 75
Extracts from the Letters of Elizabeth, Lucy
and Judith Ussher, 3.5
A Journal of the Life, Travels, &o., of that an-
cient, eminent and faithful servant of Jesus
Christ, George Fox 1 75
Journal of the Life and Religious Services of
cloth
sheep,
orooco.
Wm. Evans,
do. do. do.
do. do. do. half I
Journal of .John Richardson,
do. Thomas Ellwood, . . . .
do. William Savery,
do. Henry I-IuU, ...
do. Thomas Chalkley, . . . '.
do. do. do. . . calf,
do. John Churchman, . . . '.
do. Elizabeth Collins, . . cloth,
do. Thomas Scattergood, 2d edition,
do. do. do. half morocco,
Life of John Woolraan,
do. Richard Davies,
do. Abel Thomas, . . . . ,
Memorials of deceased Friends, to 1787, .
do. do. do. 1.S49, .
do. do. do. 1874, .
Memoirs of George Whitehead,
Memoirs of Isaac Penington, by Joseph Gurney
Bevan
Memoir of John Robert
flexible sides.
Some account of the Lives of Samuel and Mary
Neale,
Diary of Samuel Scott
ICdwin Price, (Extracts from the Papers of") '.
Conci.se Account of the Religious Society of
Friends, by Thos. Evans, . . . " .
Advices of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting to its
Members, edition 1859, ....
A Brief View of the Doctrine of the Christian
Religion, as professed by the Society of Friends,
by John Bevans,
The Rise and Progress of the People called Qua-
kers ; also, a Key, <ipL'niiig the way to every
cipacily how to (listioKuish the religion pro-
fes„,,l l,v lln. |„.„|,l.. rail,-,! <)u:iU-r., from the
l-.-M :■;:. 11, .1 „r ,,|,:. -,,,-.',.,„. „f their
L,lC,mlV,si,_,„„fKaUh, by Robert
lay,
I < Voss No Crown, a discourse showing the na-
iirc anil discipline of the Holy Cross of l.'lirist
mil that the denial of .self and daily bearing
if Christ's Cro.ss is the alone way to the Rest
:ind Kingdom of God, &c., by Wm. Penn
4 00
1 00
1 50
75
A Treatise on Church Government, formerly
called Anarchy of the Ranters, &c , being a
two-fold apology for the Church and People
of God, called in derision Quakers, by Robert
Barclay, §
Friends in the Seventeenth Century, by Charles
Evans, M. D., new and revised edition, cloth, 2 (
do. do. . . half morocco, 2 i
A Memoir of Jesse and Hannah Williams, late
of Plymouth,
Brief Biographies of some Members of the So-
ciety of Friends, showing their early religious
exercises and experience in the work of re-
generation, compiled by Joseph Walton, flexi-
ble covers, '.
do. do. _ do. stiflf binding, ;
Letters of Isaac Penington, . . cloth, 'i
The Doctrines and Ministry of George Fox,
flexible sides, (
do. do. do. paper covers, (
A Concise Biographical Sketch of Wm. Penn, 1
do. do. do. in Spanish,' ]
An Inquiry into the Accordancy of War, with
the principles of Christianity, by Jonathan
Dymond, cloth, 1
Journal of William Penn while visiting Holland
and Germany in 1677, .... 4
A Compendium of Religious Faith and Practice,
designed for young persons of the Society of
Friends, by Lindley Murray, ... 2
Examples of Youthful Piety, by Thos. Evans, 6
Published by the Trad Association.
Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of Mem-
bers of the Religious Society of Friends, . 12
Musings and Memories, being chiefly a collec-
tion of Anecdotes and Reflections of a religious
character on various subjects, . . .10
An Abridged Memoir of Mary Dudley, with
sonie accounts of her Daughters, ... 5'
A Brief Account of the Life and Religious La-
bors of Sarah (Lynes) Grubb, ... 2;
Divine Protection through extraordinary dangers
during the Irish Rebellion in 1798. A narra-
tive of the preservation of the family of Jacob
and Elizabeth GoS; Members of the Eeligious
Society of Friends, . . . doth, It
A Short Account of Ann Reeve, paper cover, 1(
Memoir of Rachel Bartram, . . . . 1(
Tracts Issued by the Tract Association of Friends,
3 vols., cloth, 1 5(
The following are in German.
No Cross No Crown, by Wm. Penn, . . 5(
The Religious Principles of the Society of
Friends, by Henry Tuke, . . . . 4C
An Account of the Life, Travels and Labors in
the Gospel, of George Fox, . . . . 6(
A Concise Biographical Sketch of Wm. Penn, . li
John Woolman's Journal, . . . . 6(
Dymond on War, ij
Address on Theatrical Amusements and Horse
Racing,
Appeal for the Due Observance of the First Day
of the Week,
The following are in French.
B.arclay's Apology 75
No Cross No Crown, by Wm. Penn, . . ! 50
A Concise Biographical Sketch of Wm. Penn, . 15
Rise and Progress of the People called Quakers,
by William Penn, . . . . .' 25
Account of the People called Quakers, by An-
thony Benezet,
Also, Sundry Pamphlets, most of which may be obtained
gratuitously.
Ancient Testimony of the Religious Society of
Friend.s, commonly called Quakers, respecting
some of their Christian Doctrines and Prac-
tices, 1843 p;,per, 10
do._ do. do. flexible sides, 12
True Christian Baptism and Coinmuniun bv
■Pli I'liil-l- ' . 15
In, I \V;,il,l,.,^ l,y Mary Brook, ... 10
i,,M^ IV, .1,1 l.iM,'rs,)f Thomas Kite to his
ul,i, I, ul,i|,.;,i \V,-.ttown B. School, . 10
|||"'l l,'i 111, \i„i,nl l)o,-trinesof the'Religious
"•'■^;;' l,"""l ■ I'- ^l'"I by Direction of the
Tly M,, h,,^. |„.|,| ,„ riiil:i,l,-lphia. Fourth month.
Yu
An Appeal of the Religious Society of FriemU
sylvania. New Jersey, Delaware, &c., to tli, i
citizens of the United States, on behalf of th,
Race.
Epistles of Advice, &o., issued at various tim
several subjects.
An Address of the Yearly Meeting of Frien,l^, I,-
Philadelphia, to its own members and the u 1
of other Yearly Meetings, 1868.
A Brief Narrative in Relation to the Position ,,; I
delphia Yearly Meeting, 1873.
An Epistle from the Yearly Meeting of Frien,!-,
in Philadelphia, to its members, 1876.
Extracts from Letters of John Barclay to M.irv I!
The Testimony of the Society of Friends on tli,-
tinent of America, edition of 1830.
A Brief Account of the Rise of the Society of I li
Concerning the Communion or Participation ,1
Body and Blood of Christ, by Barclay.
" Address to Parents," from Com. on Educati,,n.
" .\n Examen of parts relating to the Society ,,1' 1 li
in a recent work by Robert Barclay, entilK-.l,
Inner Life of the Religious Societies of the (
monwealth,' by Charles Evans."
Arrangements have been made, by which Iri
attending the Yearly Meeting can be furnisheil tin,
the week with simple dinners, at a moderate ch;, 1 ^
the second .story of the central part of the Ardi Si
Meeting-house.
4th mo. 10th, 1879.
JOURNAL OF WILLIAM EVANS.
This journal is now ofl'ered at the following redt
prices :
Bound in cloth . . $2.00, formerly $2.1
do. half morocco . $2.50 formerly f 3.(
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
Wanted a teacher for the Girls' School. Applieat
may be made to
John W. Biddle, No. 726 Buttonwood I
Ephraim Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebecca W. Kite, No. 459 North Fifth i
Hannah Evans, No. 322 Union St.
FRIEND.S' FREEDMEN'S ASSOCIATION 0
PHILADELPHIA AND ITS VICINITY.
The Annual Meeting of " The Contributors" will
held in the Committee Room of Arch Street Meeti
house, on Second-day evening, 21st inst., at 8 o'clo
Friends who are interested in the cause and other:
ted to attend.
John B. Garkett, See
The 10th Annual Meeting of the " Indian Aid As
elation of Friends of Philadelphia Yearly Meetin;
will be held in Arch Street Meeting-house, Philad
phia, on Fifth-day, Fourth month 24th, 1879, at i
Friends generally are invited to attend.
Rii:h.\rd Cadbuky, Clerk.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Summer Se.ssion opens on Second-d.ay, the J
of Fifth month. Parents and others who intend to s
pupils, will please make application to Benjamin A
Passmore, S'upt., (address, Street Soad P. 0., Ches
Co., Pa.,) or to Charles J. Allen, Treasurer,
Arch St., Philadelphia.
Early application is requested when convenient.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Nurse is wanted for the Bov.s' Department,
enter on her duties at the beginning of the Summi
ses.sion. Application may be made to :
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Chester Co., Pa^
Susanna F. Sliarpless, Street Road, " " "
Deborah Rlioads, Haddonfield, New Jersey.
Elizabeth R. Evans, 322 Union St., Philada.
Marriei), at Chichester Meeting, Delaware Co., Ps
3rd mo. 13tli, 1879, Thomas S. Shoemaker, of Jarre
town, Montgomery Co., Pa., to Anna Morgan, of tli
former place.
and Horse
Vn A.hlrcs. „„ Theatrical
Racing, 1874.
^'tl'^ w''''V"%'-"^ ^""^ Observance of the Fir.st Day of
Died, on the 13th of 3rd mo. 1879, at her residenc
West Goshen, Chester Co., Pa., Lydia Hoope.'
widow of the late Isaac G. Hoopes, in the 81st year (
lier age, a member and elder of Goshen Month'ly am
Particular Meeting.
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FOURTH MONTH 26, 1879.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
3ab«rlpti»n5 and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
T NO. 116 SORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
FHII.AI)EI.PHIA.
US sensible that in Him is our strength, in-
creasing our love to, and confidence in Him,
n whom there is strength and true peace.
13th. From the preceding up to this time,
I thinlf I have been favored at seasons with a
degreeof faith which has been strengthening
and cotnforting. This day attended the school
at Cold Spring; it being my meeting dav, al-
though it was a trial, 1 thought it would be
right for me to sit with the scholars; their
bfhavior was not, I think, so good as at some
other times, but my mind was mercifully
favored and borne up over my trials. In the
afternoon the behavior of some of the larger
holars was very trying, at which I felt a
"•ood deal discouraged, fearing their influence
would be a serious disadvantage to the school.
Fifth-daj', the 14th. The school was pretty
well attended and the behavior better. 1 feel
comforted and thankful in believing in times
of trial it is best for us to keep near to our
Blessed Master, and when ability is given,
supplicate for his blessing and help, that He
Id, in his overruling Providence, remove
the difficulties which are in our way, and
cause that our labors may praise His great
and excellent name. This has felt to me to
bo much more availing than all that can be
done in the wisdom and strength of the crea-
ture.
20th. Went up to Horse Shoe Bend, to
visit the school; found neither teacher nor
scholars at the school-house, at which I felt
quite distressed, not knowing the cause, and
fearing the teacher was sick or indulging in
the use of ardent spirits. I made inquiry at
some of the Indian houses near, but could get
little information. After taking some care of
my horse, I went to the school-house to eat
some provisions I had with me; I felt very
lonely, think I never felt more sympathy with
the true suffering seed ; I thought of the suf-
erings of the Blessed Master who suffered for
us, and of the sufferings of some of our early
Friends; their being shut up in dreary dun-
geons, particularly females. I thought there
was nothing but the life-giving presence of
the Blessed Master that could have supported
them under their privations and trials, and
enabled them in the end to rejoice and say.
The Lord was our helper, He is worthy in all
things to be obej'ed, and unto Him is due all
honol-, praise and thanksgiviug both now and
forevermore.
1844. 1st mo. 4th. Went to pay, as I sup-
pose, my last visit to the Cornplanter reser-
vation, before leaving to visit my friends in
Chester county. On my way, felt some
discouragement^ after getting there. King
Pierce, my interpreter and myself, called at
Moses Pierce's, where we left our horses and
weut to Charles Obole's. I expressed a wish
to see some of the Indians. William Obole
" For The Friend "
me Extracts from the Diary and letters of Ebeiiezcr
Worth.
CContinned from page 278. j
1843. 11th mo. 1st. This being the day
lat I have generally had my mid-week sit-
ng, and not feeling willing to omit it, I ex-
iained to the teacher and he interpreted to
le scholars, my reason for having them sit
I silence. Their books were put away, and
leir quiet orderly behavior was rather sur
rising. I thought the sitting was owned by
je life-giving presence of the dear Master;
jere were very few of them, probably, who
ad ever attended anything like a religious
leeting before. Left there the next day with
selings of gratitude, as I think I have gener-
lly done, whilst I have mostlj' gone up with
eavy, discouraging feelings.
12th mo. 3d. I had the company of Silas
!ornoll and three of Ariel Wellman's family
t meeting; mj' mind was, I think, more staid
ban is usually the case when I have had the
ompanj' of strangers.
Second day. Feeling less weakness and
liscouragement than has frequently been the
as* when about to visit the school at Horse
Shoe Bend, I left home for that purpose Fourth
lay, the 6th. I again felt it something of i
rial to have a sitting with the scholars ; tht
eacher being absent this forenoon made it a
ittle more so, as I wished to tell them what
; was about to do, and have some opportunity
)f talking with them before we commenced,
)ut when the time came, by mind seemed
itrengthened. I got one of the scholars to
Dterpret a few words and we commenced our
litting. I know not when I have been more
'avored with strength to perform what I think
Tiy Divine Master was pleased to require of
-ne, in silence. The scholars generally be-
iiaved well ; I think I have reason to be very
thankful for the great favors of this day, and
take courage. I visited Jos. Shongo, a sick
Indian, and gave him some cloth which I had
been directed by Thos. E^ans to purchase for
the benefit of the poor, aged and sick Indians:
he said he had some money in his hands which
I might dispose of in that way. This, I think,
will increase the comfort of some of the poor
Indians, who seem thankful for the help given
them.
Whilst I have been thus favored, I have
also felt much weakness and discoiiragem _, ...
which are in their turn, if the mind is kept and have reason to believe it was satisfactory
single to the Divine Master, blessings, making I to them. Charles Obole expressed his satis-
fiiction with what had been said, and that he
was always witling to heir what " Friends"
had to say to them ; he believed they had al-
.'ays given them good advice. I then came
back to Moses Pierce's ; had a satisfacLory op-
portunity with Moses, his wife and part of his
family : they expressed their satisfaction with
what was said to them. On my way home I
think I may say, I felt thankful for the great
favors of that day, feeling clear, as I thought,
of the Indians of that reservation, excepting
one old woman whom I met with on my way,
and was relieved of uneasiness on her account;
before reaching home ray enjoyment was
o-reat, at the same lime desiring that I might
be preserved and enabled to leave the other
reservation with the same kind of feelings.
I reached Owen Blacksnake's I think near 8
o'clock in the evening, whore I had a stable
erected ; found they had retired for theiiight;
put away my horse and crossed the river in
a canoe; my mind was so comforted that I
think 1 might say, lonesome, fearful feelings
were almost removed from me. It was a
moonlight evening.
1st mo. 5th. On my way to the PostoflSce,
thought I did not feel clear of F. A., a retailor
" quor, living near the reservation, who L
had been told has sold a good deal of liquor to
the Indians, to whom I had before spoken on
the subject. I also thought of calling to see
J. J., an Indian, who has been, I understand,
in the practice of drinking a good deal of
late. The thought of attending to these ser-
vices was for a time something of a trial, but
ii was in mercy made easy by my meeting
with F. in or near the road ; he did not appear
to be offended at what I said, and bid me fare-
well, apparently with friendly feelings. I
ihen went towards J. J.'s, met him on the
road and spoke to him on the subject of drink-
ing; he told me he*did not intend to drink
any more for a time ; he is said to bo a quar-
relsome, rough-dispositioned man. I think I
may acknowledge it is a great favor from a
kind and merciful Master, whom I desire to
serve, that these two men treated me with re-
spect'; giving up to these services seemed
harder than performing ihem. May these,
with many other like favors, be remembered
with feelings of gratitude to Him who has
been ray strength, and may they be blessed
to the increasing of my faiih in, and faithful-
ness to, my Heavenly Master. 1 have had
two visits from Charles Obole, and have been
comforted in believing he was favored with a
sense of right feeling both times ; the way he
expressed himself in regard to our Saviour
was comforting to me. As the time draws
near for my leaving, notwithstanding the
many mercies I have experienced, I have
feared 1 should not get through to my peace,
but this I believe to be a discouragement
started out and soon had a number collected.
I had a comfortable opportunity with them.
thrown in my way by the enemy. I have
every reason to believe should I fail the fault
will be entirely ray own. The concern con-
tinued with me that I might be faithful, de-
290
THE FRIEND.
siring very much to be favored to feci myself
iis clear of my Indian brothers and sisters on
the upper end of the reservation, and in the
neighborhood of Cold Spring, as I have,
tiiruugh unmerited meroj', been favored to
do on Cornplanter's reservation, having re-
turned from there with sweet peace of mind,
and I think 1 may say with feelings of grati-
tude to my Divine Master, whose mercies and
favors I desire never to forget, but that at all
times when they are brought to my recollec-
tion, my heart may bring forth fruitsof thanks-
giving and praise to His great and excellent
name, that my situation may never bo com-
parable to the unfruitful fig-tree.
That evening, when I came home, I was
informed of the sudden death of Jarvis Dodge,
who was killed by the falling of a small tree;
the news was truly sorrowful as he had been,
it was to be feared, a careless-living man,
and at times intemperate. May such sudden
deaths serve as a solemn warning to those
that are left.
(To be continued.)
Selected.
On the Resurrection of Jesus Clirist.
BY OLINTHUS GREGORY.
(Continued fronj page 283.)
After this, the feast being now over, the
eleven travelled to Galilee, being encouraged,
by promises both before and after the resur-
rection, to expect the sight oftheir Lord there.
The distance was more than eighty miles from
Jerusalem to Tiberias, and more still to Beth
saida and Capernaum. Thither, however,
they wont, inspired by these hopes; and
shortly after their arrival there, Jesus ap
])eared again at the sea of Tiberias, or, as it
was sometimes called, the sea of Galilee. Here
were seven of the disciples, probably of the
eleven, following their occupation of fishers;
they had been "toiling all night, and caught
nothing," when Jesus appeared, whom they
knew not at first. In consequence of follow-
ing his advice, they had a large and miracu-
lous draught of fishes in their net ; which was
succeeded by a long, familiar, and interesting
conversation, related pretty fully by the apos-
tle John, who was one of the disciples present.
This was, as John terms it, the third time he
had appeared to the body of the apostles ; but
it was his seventh appearance since his resur-
rection.
Probably it was at this familiar interview
by the sea of Tiberias, that Jesus told these
seven disciples when and where they might
expect to see him in a very public manner,
agreeably to the promise made them before
his death. And thus it might bo that they
gave notice of it privately to as many disci-
ples as might be thought proper; for even
then, though he was to appear openly yet it
was not to a great variety, but " to chosen
witnesses, who ate and drank with him after
he rose from the dead." Pursuant to this
previous notice, as it should seem, there was
a most numerous and public meeting upon a
mountain in Galileo, where Jesus made his
eighth appearance. Matthew says expressly
Jesus had appointed the mountain. The num-
ber assembled there was between five and six
hundred, called emphatically brethren, denot-
ing that they were all chosen witnesses, as
Peter observed in the house of Cornelius.
Hero as he found "some" still "doubted," he
gave infallible proofs of his resurrection, and
"spake much of the things concerning the
kingdom of God;" being now about to take
his final farewell of the greatest part of them
on earth. It is worthy of observation, that
the majority of the witnesses of this appear-
ance were living, and appealed to as such,
twenty years afterwards, when Paul wrote
his first Epistle to the Corinthians.
The ninth appearance of Christ recorded in
the Scriptures, was to James. This, Paul in-
forms us, was after that to the five hundred.
Probably it took place in Galilee, as well as
the two last mentioned; but the evangelists
give us no particular information about it.
Paul, however, mentions it as a fact well known ;
otherwise he would not have adduced it in
proof of the resurrection, dented as it was by
some, and little understood by many who be-
lieved in the fact.
The tenth and last appearance of the risen
Saviour was at Jerusalem, "to all the apos-
tles," that is, to the eleven remaining ones,
Judas being " gone to his own place." It was
about six weeks after the passover, and about
forty days after the resurrection, wlaen several
of the disciples from Galilee repaired again to
Jerusalem, in order to keep the approaching
feast of weeks called the Pentecost by the Gre-
cian Jews. Being assembled together with the
disciples at Jerusalem in one house, probably
the same as that where Jesus had kept the
passover, and the same in which they melon
the day of the resurrection, and on that day
week, and where they worshipped till the day
of Pentecost ; there they had the conversation
with their Lord recorded in the first chapter
of the Acts. There he gave them command-
ments, and spake more "of the things per-
taining to the kingdom of God." There he
delivered to them the commission to go forth
into all the world, to preach, and baptize, and
gave them animating promises of his presence
with them while their life continued, and with
their successors " to the end of the world."
There ho commanded them not to depart into
Galilee again, but to tarry at Jerusalem till
they should " be baptized with the Holy
Ghost," which he assured them would be in
the course of a few days. This last interview
would doubtless be very endearing, affecting,
and instructive. And, as if to impress the
circumstance with all its important lessons,
and all its solemn tendencies, more deeply on
their minds, he led them out towards Bethany
or Mount Olivet, conversing as they went, ac-
cording to his wonted manner. Oft«n had he
retired with his dear and beloved disciples to
that secluded spot ; and thither he now for
the last time conducted them. There, — near
the place whence he commeoced his triumph-
ant ride into Jerusalem, — where he had fre-
quently conversed, expounded parables, and
prayed with his disciples, — where, in so much
agony, he had recently prayed, and svveat as
it were " drops of blood," — where he was be-
trayed with a kiss, taken by his enemies, and
forsaken by his disciples, there he once more
assembled them, " lified up his hands and
blessed them;" and "while he blessed them,"
he was taken up gradually from them into
heaven, " a cloud receiving him out of their
sight." Thus then it appears, from apostolic
testimony, that Jesus Christ not onlj' rose
from the dead, but rendered himself manifest
to many after his resurrection, removing the
loubts of the incredulous by " the most in-
fallible proofs," and confirming the faith of
the weak by the most consoling and cheering
promises : promises which speedily after f<i
amply fulfilled.
" Twice twenty days he sqjourn'd here on ean
And show'd him.self alive to chosen witness(
By proofs so strong, that the moit slow-assei
Had not a. scruple left. This haying done,
He mounted up to heaven." B
Such, in few words, is the history o
Lord's resurrectioD from the dead, at
his various appearances after that impo:
event. I have drawn this account not jom
the writings of any one evangelist, but lom
a collection and comparison of their sepi'atc
stories : for the relations of these four lis
torians, though not discordant, do not ;ich
comprise all the circumstances. This, ')\v
ever, is bj' no means to be regretted. Kieb
a complete coincidence between four n ra
tives relating to the same events, as sb'ild
extend to every minute circumstance, wild
argue collusion, or, at least, dependejio :
whereas, four narratives, each exhibiting.he
grand outlines of the story, but varying ; to
minuter matters, some mentioning one, ml
some another, according to the particulatib-
ject or individual feeling of each respoc;ve
writer, naturally suggest the ideas of holiBt
and independent narration, and exclude tl!se
of contrivance and forgery.
Admitting, then, the genuineness ami u
thenticity of the historical books of the 2 \r
Testament (both satisfactorily establishc I
trust in my fifth letter,) the resurroctioiDt
Jesus Christ cannot be denied. Tot, as is
extraordinary fact is of the greatest moiivii
in the Christian system, you will natur: y
expect that I will not quit the subject mei y
with this summary argument in its favor. [
shall, therefore, devote the remainder of le
present letter, to the consideration of twur
three such particular evidences as in th(;i-
selves force our assent ; and to a cursory vijiir
of some of the difficulties that spring frona
denial of the fact. '
(To be (
For •' The Fri.-nc
Religious Responsibility of tiie Young.
There is an opinion among many in*'e
younger walks of life, (often assented to 7
those older than themselves,) that theris
not the same necessity in young people se -
ing the Lord, as when they become old-.
Now this opinion is incorrect ; and is founds ,
more upon natural inclination, than upon siilr
thoughlfulness or the testimony of the Ser -
tures.
The wise man said, " Rejoice, oh you j
man, in thy j'outh," &c., but adds this wai-
ing, " know thou that for all these things Gl
will bring thea into judgment ;" and he all
makes use of the language, "Remember nc
thy Creator in the days of thy youth." Fro.
those and many other passages of Scriptur
we infer that young people are under tl
same obligation to do the Divine will as a
those of mature years ; and that accordin--
their ability, as much is required of them 1
a religious sense as from individuals of 11 pi
age and experience. How sad then is it 1;
them, what a great mistake do they coiniui
and what a terrible risk do they run, w lu'
they deliberately stifle thegood feelings wii hi
them, and enter into the frivolity and sili-ii
ilulgence incident to youth ; for by so di>iMi
they not only risk their immortal souls, lui
they also barter real hap])iness in this w-al
for uncertain and less satisfying pleasures. ..
THE FRIEND.
291
Youth has been called the spring-time of
;; aiul at no other period of our existence
,(63 the world look more beautiful, and its
joyments seem more harmless and tittrac-
e. Strength of mind and bodj' are then
ituring, the pulse beats high with hope, and
e untried mind sees everything in its most
omising aspect. All this is perfectly natural
d right ; but the fact must not be overlook-
, that youth is also the time when character
formed, and habits created which frequently
e to last a lifetime. It is then that religious
iiprossions are received, which, as they are
fspised or neglected, mould the course of
Hare years.
'When young men and women reach an age
'' think for themselves, they find two paths
'lened to their view ; one of these, a path of
'If-denial, with religion for its safe-guard ;
'e other, one that permits greater freedom
' action, but which we are assured leads to
'istruclion. If they choose the broad way,
e responsibility they incur is very great ; for
"it only do they slight Him who has given
em everything they possess, but their eyes
ay become insensibly blinded, and their
'sarts deadened to sin, until they adopt reli-
ous opinions, which before they could not
ive entertained ; or are guilty of acts, from
bich they would previously have shrunk
ilh hoiror. Their good resolutions to do
•jtter in after years will then avail but little,
id before they know their danger, they may
3 unable to retrace their stops. Neither will
', do for the young to imagine, that some day
r other, they will repent of their vvaj's, and
mend. They forget that the opportunity to
0 80 may never be afi'orded ; and that if in
lercy it is, they will find repentance to be
icreasingly difficult. Lukewarmness as re-
ards religion, is also a very dangerous con-
ition to be in ; and we may depend upon it,
hat easily ignoring our accountability to God
rill in no wise justify us in his sight.
Such being the case, we see that there is no
loro safe or desirable time than youth, in
rhich to cultivate self-control and religious
irinciplcs, which, as they are fostered, yield
ilessed fruits to their possessor, besides great-
y influencing surrounding individuals. In
his connection it may be said, that force of
xample among the young is very great, and
bat often the least effort to do right has
Quch influence; while, on the other hand, a
leparture into unrestrained liberty, is fre
[uently imitated by others, with most sorrow-
ill results.
The history of the Christian religion, and
n particular that of the Society of Friends,
ells of many very young in years, who were
hining examples of piety and zeal in the
Jord's service, often in the midst of bitter
)ersecution and ridicule. The good condition
hat they attained, can also bo reached by
;he youth of this generation, if they are wili-
ng 10 be led by the same infallible Guide that
mimated them ; and certainly just as much
8 required of us, as was of those who lived
,wo centuries ago. The world at large, never
noro demanded a society consistently uphold-
ng the testimonies of Friends than it now
ioes ; and there never was more need that
p^oung men and women should prove, by con-
duct and example, that with them duty to
their Maker takes precedence over love of
self, or fear of the cross.
To 3'ou who are young in years, and who
may read these lines, I would also add, that
reatly favored by the Lord in almost' sore and weary steps hath my anxious soul
every respect, the commonest ties of gratitude' trod, in finding out the path that leadeth
alone should induce you to do whatever Hej thereunto, that so I might come to a certain
may require at your hands. He has given knowledge of what God is, and how He ought
you much, and has the right to expect
much. Many to whom I would thus appeal,
are endowed by nature with most excellent
abilities, and have the advantage of superior
education ; while upon a considerable number
worldly wealth has been liberally bestowed.
Each one of these are blessings that place
you under deep obligations to the bountiful
Giver ; and for each one a satisfactory account
must be rendered in the day of judgment;
which day we have continual evidence, may
come to even the very young in years almost
before they are aware. At thai awful time
there will be no excuse to make, for not only
have earthly advantages been granted, but you
have also felt the strivings of the Holy Spirit
within your breasts, offering the salvation of
3'our immortal souls; and secretly reproving
when you have done evil, or commending
when you have done well. If you are faith-
ful to its teachings, it will lead you to eternal
happiness ; but it you despise its admonitions,
you cannot fail but endanger that hope of
salvation which it so freely offers. You may
accept it as the experience of the writer, who
is also young, and who desires to be one with
you in the effort to tread the narrow path
whereof he speaks, that there is a reward and
a happiness in endeavoring to do right, far
transcending the enjoyments that worldly
pleasures can give.
Testimonies to tlie Way to Salvation.
As Adam lost the dominion, the peace and
the blessing of God, going from God into
transgression ; so must all that ever enter the
kingdom again (which is righteousness, peace
and joy in the Holy Spirit), come to thoLight
which Christ Jesus hath enlightened them
withal (which shows them sin), and believe
in it and obey it, to be led out of Iran
sion by it, up to God again. — W. Baily's
Works, p. 88.
You cannot repent when you will or
your own appointed time, but when the
ward Life of God stirred, with discoveries
and reproofs of the evil ways, words and
tions, which by you are brought forth; that
is the time, wlien He calleth, to turn at his
reproofs.— /i/. p. 139.
Therefore beware and turn your minds to
the Grace of God, which hath appeared unto
you and to all people, which shows you the
evil of your ways, and secretly reproves you
for the same ; and this is sufficient to save
you, and keep you from the evil, and to give
you an entrance into his everlasting kingdom,
where no unclean thing or worker of iniquity
can enter; for it will lead you and preserve
you out of all iniquity and vanity, pride and
enmity (the ground of the curse and condem-
nation), as you give diligent heed unto it and
obey it ; and it will teach you to live soberly,
tenderlj-, righteously and godly in this pro-
sent evii world." — W. Baily's Address to Young
People, p. 528.
It having pleased the Lord, whose I am
and whom 1 serve, to call me by his Grace,
even in my tender years, by which grace He
me upon early seekings after himself.
to bo worshipped. And this made me go
about from one watchman of the night to
another, inquiring after my soul's beloved, to
hear if they could tell where his dwelling was,
and where He makoth his flocks to lie down
in vest.
But 01 the uncertain sound which they
gave; some said, "Lo, here," and others said,
" Lo, there is He whom thy soul desireth :"
but alas! when I went out to seek Him there,
I could neither see his shape nor hear his
voice. Then used I to retire into my cham-
ber to supplicate Him in secret, whose pre-
sence I could not meet with in those public
assemblies ; but yet still I looked for that at
a distance, viz., the appearance of the Son of
God, which was to have been had near at
hand ; sometimes searching over the records
of Scripture, if there I could have found Him
substantially, whom my soul greatly desired
to see: O! but there I found Him not, al-
though I daily read the reports which his
ancient primitive servants have left there upon
record, concerning how they witnessed Him.'by
virtue of the effectual working of his mighty
power in them. But what was this to me,
whilst I knew Him not myself experimentally
working down sin and iniquity in me, and
removing that that did let, and would let, till
it was taken out of the way, that so his own
righteous scepti'O might bear rule over mo?
And thus as I sought Him sorrowing, in an
acceptable time was He pleased to appear unto
me, magnified be his name for ever, and to
cast up a living way for me, though much
contrary to the way I walked in formerly,
yet by his good Spirit He so instructed mo,
that I certainly knew this to be the way that
leadeth to everlasting felicity. * * *
And now I say, this was the grace by which
I was called, and by which I am in measure
saved, even that grace of which the apostio
speaks: — -'The Grace of God that bringeth
salvation hath appeared to all men, teaching
us that denying ungodliness and worldly lusts,
we should live soberly, righteously and godly
in this present world ; looking for that blessed
hope and glorious appearing of the great God
and our Saviour, Jesus Christ, who gave him-
self for us, that Ho might redeem us from all
iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar
people, zealous of good works."
And now [I am] taught by this grace,
which is the only principle by which every
one may learn to know God savingly, which
principle God hath raised up in me to publish
and declare to others, where they should look
for the appearance of this saving arm and
grace of God, which alone can burst the
bonds of death, and set the soul at liberty.—
Elizabeth Bathurst.
1 see by the light of this spiritual pillar of
fire, that though the sea, with the waves
thereof, roar, yet is there a way for the ran-
somed of the Lord to pass over; and this way
is Christ, the Light, the Lamb, the Grace, tho
Gift of God, given by the Father to bring out
of the fall, which all mankind arc in by nature,
that whosoever belioveth in Him, layeth hold
on Him, and continueth to be led bj' Him,
should be brought into fellowship with him-
Id. p. 163.
that so I might know Him tho only true gelf, and abide therein forever,
God, and Jesus Christ whom Ho hath sent, — -^
whom savingly to know is life eternal ; many| " This life is a passage, not a port."
292
THE FRIEND.
For " The Friend "
The following extract appears to be more in
accordance with Friends' views, than someot
the noted revival preachers who hold up the
idea thiit a state of' acceptance may be instan
taneously attained, and that new converts
should commence teaching others with little
or 710 previous preparation.
" Extract from ' Hannah Move's Practical
Piety.' — If we do not strenuously labor for
our own illumination, how shall we presume
to enlighten others? It is a dangerous pre-
sumptioQ to busy ourselves ia improving
others, before we have diligently sought our
own improvement. Yet it is a vanity not un-
common that the first feelings, be they true
or false, which resemble devotion, the first
faint ray of knowledge which has imperfectlj'
dawned, excites in certain raw minds an eager
impatience to communicate to others what
they themselves have not yet attained. Hence
the novel swarms of uninstructed instructors,
of teachers who have no time to learn. The
act previous to imparting knowledge should
seem to be that of acquiring it. Nothing would
so effectually check an irregular, and improve
a temperate zeal, as the personal discipline,
the self-acquaintance, which we have so re-
peatedly recommended."
Modern Extravagance. — In the face of the
terrible distress so widely spread which has
come upon us, is it quite useless to appeal to
the English as a nation to repent of and amend
the shameful extravagance which has been
growing upon us now for many years, which
threatens to rival, if indeed it does not already
do 80, the shameless luxury which has been
the ruin of one nation after another from
Babylon downwards? It is not confined to
one class, but pervades all, creeping in often
under the euphonious name of " asthcticism,"
and the specious pretence of encouraging
"art," till between them they confuse and at
last destroy all idea of right and wrong,
whether in religion or morals. Each class as
to its houses, equipages, dress and table, is
living beyond its moans. Who can say how
far the desire to provide for these fictitious
and dangerous " wants" may have led to the
gigantic frauds now unhappily so common?
Is it quite useless to entreat English people
to study their Bibles, not for the purpose of
criticism leading to a sad amount of sophistry,
destructive alike to morals and religion, but
for the purpose of earnestly and seriously lay-
ing their precepts to heart and reforming
their lives? The sum that forty years ago
was deemed amply sufficient as pin money
for a nobleman's wife with £30,000 or £40,-
000 a year, is now often considered insufficient
for a woman whose husband has not a tenth-
])art of that income, and so on in proportion.
About ten years ago it appeared in the bank-
ruptcy case of a grocer in Chelsea, that hav-
ing an income of £300 a year, he allowed his
wife .£100 a year for her dross, but that she
had been spending at the rate of nearly £200,
and when indignation was expressed at this,
his counsel assured the court that the propor-
tion was considered not at all unusual. But
there is another form of extravagant expen-
diture of money which dares to assume the
garb of religion. How can anyone persuade
iliomselves that while there is one soul to
rescue, ono body to relieve, one part of the
earth in which to spread the Gospel, that that
(iod who has said, "1 will have mercy and
not sacrifice;" that Saviour who has said,
" Forasmuch as ye did it unto one of these
little ones, ye did it unto Me," will look on in
anything but anger at the hundreds of thou-
sands wasted on two or three churches when
hundreds of churches and thousands of mis-
sionaries and schools are wanted ? And what
shall we say of the immense amount of money
squandered on church decorations, on the
" man millinery" of those men who ape an
apostate Church, and of all the other ways in
which they make away with money? Con-
ceive St. Peter and St. Paul coming to witness
such things! Would they recognize in them
the religion they were sent to preach? —
Selected.
Faithful Testimony against War.
During the war of the American revolution,
a j'oung man named Moses Sleeper, who re-
sided in Maine, was ordered to join a militia
company on a certain day. He believed that
war was wrong, and on this account refused
to obey the order. For so doing, he says, " I
was taken by an officer and file of men to fort
Halifax, eighteen miles up the river, and there
shut up in a loathsome fish room in an old
blockhouse, with a bunch of straw thrown on
the floor to sleep on, the room being entirely
dark, except what light shone through a
chink of the door and window shutters. After
laying there a few days, I was taken to the
head quarters in that section ; here a court
martial was called, consisting of six or seven
officers, and I was examined. At the end of
the trial, I was delivered to the care of a sen-
tinel, who placed me a few rods under the side
of a barn, within a few paces of the skirt of
a wood. The court were not long in making
up their judgment — when they went to the
commander's quarters for him to approve the
sentence. Soon after, I being under the care
of the same sentinel, and in view of every part
of the encampment, one of the captains came
up to me, and the following interview took
place, aside from the sentinel.
"Captain. — 'Moses, I can inform you that
the court have made up their minds upon the
several charges exhibited against you; and
though it is against martial rules for a court
to divulge their verdict until it is declared
publicly, yet I can inform j^ou, that they have
found you guilty of several crimes; such as
non-compliance with orders, ab-*enting your
self at roll-call, which is termed desertion,
and for which they have pronounced sentence
of punishment ; and I have been soliciting the
commander to have the punishment taken off',
knowing it is in his power so to do, but can-
not prevail ; but if you will take my advice
you may evade punishment.'
" Prisoner. — ^.'Captain, thou tells rao that I
am to receive a punishment, and that thou
canst put me in a way to evade it. Thou wilt
be so good as to point out a way by which I
can escape a punishment, though justifiable
by martial law, yet unjust in the sight of God ;
if I can with peace of mind, I will naturally
accept thy proposal.'
" (Captain. — ' The vvaj' I propose is this ; the
wood you see is but a few paces off, do you
stop out into those woods, which are very
thick, continue there secreted until dark ; yon
may then retire to the barn, if you please, till
I to-morrow morning, then yoiir time is out
and thoy cannot touch you.' (It was then
about three o'clock, i>. m.)
I "Prisoner.— 'It is with foelingsof gratitude,
captain, that I have noticed thy kindm--
rae during my confinement, and more < -
i:ially in these thj' eflTorts to get me nl
from punishment to be inflicted by rn:;
law ; but how am I to get to these woo'l-
" Captain. — 'I will call off the sentinel.' J
" Prisoner. — ' Thou canst not do that wit
out thyself becoming responsible.'
Captain. — 'Moses, if you will consult yoi
own safety, you will take my advice. 1 w
call off the sentinel and risk the consequence
" Prisoner. — 'Captain,! thank thee hearti
for thy kindness to me in this aff'air, bi
cannot with clearness accept thy proposa
(Upon which ho shook his head, turned ac
went direct to the colonel's quarters, ar
in about twenty minutes came back to nt
again.")
In the second interview, Moses told the ca]
tain, " It is from the pure conviction that w;
and bloodshed are contrary to the Gospel di
pensation, that I have thus far encountered tt
privations and suff'erings attendant throug
my present state of confinement. But throug
the mercy and goodness of Him who hat
called me thus tosuff'er, I have been preserve
in an unshaken faith, that the cause for whic
I had contended was his: that the testimonie
for which I suffer are testimonies of Jesus
And now, captain, thou proposest making m
escape easy ; but only consider for a momon!
my so escaping would by the public be cor
sidered desertion, and fleeing from justice
and though I am not a member of the Societ
of Friends, yet I am one with them in pre
fession, and by my acquaintances am cor
sidered as ono of their number, that in s
escaping I should bring disgrace upon tha
body, a stigma upon my relations, and ever
lasting infamy on myself — I should act tha
for which I should never expect to be forgiven
But as I have now acted ray part conform
ably to the dictates of conscience and the la\
of my God, my mind is perfectly tranquil i
therefore as I have not the least doubt of thci
purity of thy motives, yet let the sentenc'
of the court bo what it may, whether thi
severest punishment, or even death, I mos
cheerfully submit, not without a hope and be
lief that thou, my dear captain, wilt have thj
reward for thy kind interference."
" With a tear of regret ho again turned
from me, saj'ing, ' Moses, you wound mete
the heart — farewell.' Ho went directly to the
commander's quarters, and in less than ar
hour afier, the drums beat, the regiment
formed a semi-circle on the green, and tht
sentinel was ordered to bring me into the
circle— when one of the clerks read the doings
of the court, with the sentence to receive forty
five lashes on the naked back. And after s
pause, read — 'and the above punishment is
taken off, and the said Moses Sleeper is there-
fore discharged.' "
I have, since the above transaction, been
informed that when the president of the courl
martial presented their verdict to the com
mandcr, ho confirmed the sentence, refused
to grant a pardon, and ordered the adjutant
(then pi-osent) to see that the punishment was
inflicted ; but that the adjutant utterly re-
fused, tolling tho commander it was his opin-
ion the young man acted from real scruples
of conscience ; and rathqr than be accossorj
in inflicting a punishment in such a case, he
should give up his commission. Upon which
tho c.immandor and tho other officers present
formed tho plan of sending tho captain to use
THE FRIEND.
293
influence to get me to absent myself, and
, prevailing, the commander thought best
take the punishment off as related.
Training Imbeciles. — Shortly after schools
the imbecile were commenced in Europe,
oung man, moved with benevolence, crossed
I ocean to examine their mode of operation
i success. Assured of their utility, he re-
Dsd and commenced a similar institution.
I advertised for the most idiotic and help-
8 child that could be found. Among those
mght to him was a little boy of five years
age. lie had never spoken or walked, had
irer chewed any hard substance, or given a
k of recognition to a friend. He lay on the
Dr a mass of flesh, without even ability
turn himself over. Such was the student
night to this school. The teacher fruit
sly made effort after effort to get the
Thtest recognition from his eye, or to pro
ce the slightest intentional act. Unwilling
wever to yield, at the hour of noon ho had
B little boy brought to his room, and he laid
wn beside him every day for half an hour,
ping that some favorable indication might
eur. To improve the time of his rest, h
id aloud from some author. One day, at
B end of six months, he was unusually weary,
d did not read. He soon discovered that
e child was uneasy, and was trying to move
elf a little, as if to turn towards him. The
ought flashed upon his mind: it misses the
und of my voice. He turned himself closely
it, brought his mouth near the child's head,
id after repeated efforts the little fellow suc-
eded in placing his finger on the teacher's
)S, as if to say, Make that sound again. The
acher said, that moment he felt he had the
ntrol of that boy. He gained his attention,
id by careful manipulation of his muscles,
.cceeded in teaching him to walk, and then
read, and when I saw him at the end of
re years he stood on a platform, read cor
ctly, recited the names of the Presidents of
ic United States, and answered accurately a
imber of questions on our national history,
looked with astonishment, and said to ray
ilf, Was there ever such patience and such
iv'otion? and how strong^ould be the love
■ that little boy for his teaser ? 1 said, Was
lere ever an instance of oi^stoopingso low,
3d waiting so long ? Then I said. Yes, there
as one instance — the Son of God came down
■om heaven, infused into me of his own life,
ad waited for nearly twenty years before I
sached my finger to his lips and said, "Speak,
ord, for thy servant honvelh."— Bishop Simp-
m.
Self -Control.— We know of a man who
ought, at a low price, a blood horse, because
le animal was so much in the habit of balk-
ig as to be useless. The buyer was noted
)r his great firmness and self control, quali-
88, whose temper the horse severely tried,
3 he was driven to the farm, some twenty-
ve miles distant. Horse and man were
!venty-four hours travelling those twenty-
ve miles, but not a word of anger, not a
broke of the whip, did the horse receive,
[undreds of times he' balked, and was met
nth a patient firmness, which at last, con
uered. The horse never balked after that
lemorable drive. The man did not take a
ity, but ho captured a horse by ruling his
iwn spirit. — People's Comrade.
CALL ME XOT DEAD.
He who dies at Aziin sends
This to comfort all his friends.
Faithful friend, it lies, I know,
Pale and white, and cold as snow ;
And ye say, " Abdallah's dead" —
Weeping at the feet and head.
I can see your falling tears ;
I can see your sighs and prayers ;
Yet I smile and whisper this :
I am not the thing you miss!
Cease your tears and let it lie ;
It was mine, it is not I.
Sweet friends, what the women lave
For the last sleep of the grave
Ls a hut which I am quitting,
Is a garment no more fitting ;
Is a cage from which, at last
Like a bird my soul has passed.
Love the inmate, not the room ;
The wearer, not the garb— the plume
Of the eagle, not the bars
That kept him from the splendid stars.
Loving friends, Oh rise and dry
Straightway every weeping eye !
What ye lift upon the bier
Is not worth a single tear.
'Tis an empty sea-shell — one
Out of which the pearl is gone.
The shell is broken, it lies there ;
The pearl, the all, the soul is here.
'Tis an earthen jar whose lid
Allah sealed, the while it hid
The treasure of his treasury—
A mind that loved him, let it lie,
Let the shards be earth once more,
Since the gold is in his store.
Allah glorious ! Allah good !
Now thy world is understood —
Now the long, long wonder ends ;
Yet we weep, ray foolish friends.
While the man whom you call dead
In unbroken bliss instead
Lives and loves you — lost, 'tis true.
In the light that shines for you ;
But in the light, you cannot see,
In undisturbed felicity —
In a perfect paradise.
And a life that never dies.
Farewell, friends, yet not farewell.
Where I go, you too shall dwell,
I am gone before your face —
A moment's worth, a little space.
When you come where I have slept,
Ye will wonder why ye wept ;
Ye will know, by true love taught,
That here is all and there is naught.
He who died at Azim gave
This to those who made his grave.
— From the Pers
Selected.
THE CHRISTIAN LIFE.
Life to the Christian is no bed of roses.
Where mid the perfume he may sit and sing ;
But for each hour until probation closes,
Living for Jesus is a serious thing.
Filled with high aims, with prayer, with toilsome labor.
Fresh duties to us every day doth bring ;
To God, to self, to every one " our neighbor,"
Making our life an earnest, serious thing.
Onward and upward, ever heavenward pressing.
Yet ever tireless as an angel's wing.
Trusting, believing, doing, blest and blessing.
Thus is our life on earth a serious thing.
Help us, O Lord ! assisted by thy Spirit,
Oiierings accepted every hour to bring ;
And when life ends receive us to inherit
Life that is endless, there thy praise to sing.
To do the thing that the Lord would have
us do, and to do it in the lonj the Lord would
have us do it, may involve much patient
waiting and diligence.
The " Merry Purim."—Thero is something
very impressive, even from an antiquarian
point of view, in the festivities and almsgiving
of the Jews in their annual feast of Purim.
Over two thousand years ago Mordecai, a Jew
of independent bearing, incurred the enmity
of Haman, who occupied a seat "above all
the princes" that were with King Ahasuerus,
and the latter was induced by him to condemn
all the Jews in his dominions to death ; but
through the bravery of Esther the massacre
was prevented, and Haman and his sons met
the fate which his arrogance had led him to
plan for the Jews. Of Mordecai, now in the
king'sfavor,thissimple record has comedown:
And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent
letters unto all the Jews that were in all the
provincesoftheKingAhasuerus, both nigh and
far, to establish this ainong them, that -they
should keep the fourteenth day of the month
Adar, and the fifteenth of the same, yearly,
as the days wherein the Jews rested from
their enemies, and the month which was
turned unto them from sorrow to joy, and
from mourning unto a good day; that they
should make them days of feasting and joy,
and of sending portions one to another, and
gifts to the poor."
This injunction has been carried out to the
letter. By Israelites the world over these
two days are observed as faithfully as their
religious days. One side of the Purim ob-
servance has fallen into disfavor. It was at
first customary, during the reading of the
Book of Esther on the" eve of the fourteenth
(that is, the night before the fourteenth), to
hiss and make other audible demonstrations
of hate, whenever the name of Haman was
pronounced. The services in this regard are
now more peaeefullyconducted in many syna-
gogues ; but the dramatic entertainments and
feasts, and giving of presents, are remembered
now as of old.
The Jewish Messenger, in speaking of the
spirit with which "Merry Purim" is now
celebrated, says that it is the most popular
festival among the Jews, " because it has no
ceremonies save charity, no litany but be-
nevolence."— The E.vaminer and Chronicle.
Natural History, Science, &c.
The Cicadas of iafeunn.— Certainly the most
remarkable insects for noise are the Cicadas.
There are several species in Labuan and Pulo
Daat, which make the woods resound. One
of the most extraordinary of these singing in-
sects utters a sound by no means unmusical.
Just as the sun goes down, a loud, ringing
whistle strikes up among the fern, or in some
spot near the house, sometimes apparently
almost in the verandah, which I can best com-
pare to one smartly rubbing on very sound-
musical glass, and keeping up for a long
! a very loud and uninterrupted musical
note. You may search in vain for the origin
of the ringing sound, though it appears to
spring from the very spot on which you may
be standing, for a quiet approach will not dis-
turb the insect, which, sitting in the mouth
of its hole in the ground, whistles its mono-
tonous and loud song, which is probably iti-
tensified by reverberation in the cavity. This
insect seems to affect the neighborhood of
houses, and can only be seen by a patient and,
withal, fortunate watcher.
But there arc two or three species of Cicada
which are no whit inferior in noisy powers to
294
THE FRIEND.
the insect just mentioned (which I have been
assured was a locust), though their notes have
a different character. One of these malies a
simple chirp, chirp, all night long, like our
crickets. But there are two others which I
will designate respectively the scissor-grinder
and the saw-whelter. I shall never forget the
first time of hearing the scissor-grinder in the
jungle at Pappan when approaching theisland
in a boat, the noise being distinctly audible
for at least a quarter of an hour before we
reached the shore, and when there the re-
sounding whi-r-r — whi-r-r — whi-r-r of the in-
sect awakening the echoes of the forest was
truly astonishing. After continuing this deaf-
ening sound for some time, it winds up with
a protracted whizz z z, which dies away just
like the scissor-grinder's wheel when the tred-
dle stops. Another which I heard at Coal-
point closely resembled the whetting of a saw,
but was not so common as the last ; and a
third always began with a sort of warbling
note, like a person blowing in water with a
bird-whistle, very loud and somewhat melo-
dious withal. These sing all day, even dur-
ing the hottest hours. — Collingwood's Nat.
Rambles.
Pure Air. — We are glad to see that a scien-
tific lecturer has reminded people that nature
gave them their noses to use, and he advises
them to employ this picket guard of the body
to see if the air of their bedrooms is right.
" When you get up," he says, "leave your
bedroom just as it is; go out into the pure
morning air and breathe that till your nose is
wide awake, then go back and take a few
snuffs of your bedroom air; if it smells fresh
and sweet, like out-door air, you have good
ventilation, and have breathed the breath of
life all the night. If, on the contrary, it smells
close, musty, 'thick,' sickening, your nose will
have told you what your senses ought to have
made clear without the test." — Golden Rule.
The first Ice to Calcutta.— It is half a cen-
tury since Tudor, an enterprising merchant
of Boston, thought that he might make money
if he forwarded a cargo of ice to Calcutta.
Before that gentleman undertook the venture,
a little natural ico was obtained at a place
about forty miles from the capital of Bengal.
Shallow troughs were dug in the ground, pans
of porous earthenware were placed therein, a
layer of straw being interposed between the
bottom of the pan and the ground, and a little
water was poured into each pan. If the wind
blew from the north-west during the night,
the water in the pans would be frozen before
the morning. This ico fetched a high price
in the market. In 1833 there was no longer
any necessity for resorting to this process for
getting it, as in that year Tudor's first ship
sailed up the Ilooghly with a cargo of ice on
board ; the cargo was sold in the market for
three-ponce per pound. Since that daj' the
export of ico from Boston has become a regu-
Iiir and most profitable branch of trade. In
the warehouses there, as many as 300,000 tons
of congealed water are stored avvaj' at a time.
Many thousand persons are engaged in tho ico
traffic throughout tho United Slates. — Good
Words.
Vitality nf a Snail. — An Egyptian desert
snail was received at tho British Museum on
[3d mo.] 25, 184G. The animal was not known
to bo alive, as it had withdrawn into itsHlioll,
and the specimen was accordingly gummed,
mouth downward, on to a tablet duly labeled
and dated, and loft to its fate. Instead of
starving, this contented gasteropod simply
went to sleep in a quiet way, and never woke
up again for four years. The tablet was then
placed in tepid water and the shell loosened,
when the dormant snail suddenly resuscitated
himself, and began walking about the basin,
and finally sat for his portrait, which may be
seen of life-size in Woodward's "Manual of
the Mollusca." Now, during those four years
the snail had never eaten a mouthful of any
food, yet he seemed as well and flourishing
at the end of the period as he had been at its
beginning. — Belgraoia.
A new explosive has been discovered which
is said to possess far greater explosive power
than any other substance hitherto discovered.
It consists of nitroglycerine, gun cotton, and
camphor. The cotton is dissolved in nitro-
glycerine, the product being a gelatinous and
gummy substance. To this is added a little
camphor, the proportions being 96 per cent,
of the former (which consists of 90 per cent,
of nitro-glycerine and 10 per cent of ful mi-
cotton) and 4 per cent, of the latter. This
explosive gelatine is said to be as manageable
as ordinary powder, with less danger, and far
greater expansive force.
A fragment of the gray substance of the
brain, not larger than the head of a very small
pin, contains parts of many thousands of com-
mingled globules and fibers. Of ganglion
globules alone, according to the estimate of
the physiologist Meynert, there cannot bo less
than 600,000,000 in the convolutions of a hu-
man brain. They are, indeed, in such infinite
numbers, that possibly only a small portion of
the globules provided are ever turned to ac-
count in even the most energetic brains.
If you have jugs, kegs or cans that have
become stale or mouldy in the inside, wash
them out clean, and fill up with warm water;
drop in a little carbolic acid, and let it stand
a few hours: empty the water and rinse
thoroughly, and it will be as sweet as if it
had never been ta,\xiled.^ Country Gentleman.
Retribution. — The Christian Statesman of this
city states, that when Mayor Slockley of this
city arrested a man sometime ago for opening a
low variety theatre on First-day night, on th
pretence of a necessary dress rehearsal, one of
the witnesses against the criminal was a lead-
ing politician who, in great distress, stated
that his only son, a lad of sixteen, had been
debauched through the inflaence of this thea-
tre, and in consequence had become a drunk-
ard, vicious and dissolute in every way. The
Mayor heard him in silence and replied : " I
am sorry for your son, but I have small sym-
pathy for you. Five years ago I introduced
into our Legislature a bill to abolish these
places. It passed the Senate and was defeat
ed in tho House by your single interposition."
These facts have been stated in tho papers,
and now a lady of this city, devoted lo the
temperance cause, has called on tho Mayor
and boon informed that the statement as wo
give it above, is strictly correct.
A farmer in Now England has sixteen har-
vests of grain and hay rotting in the stacks.
At tho breaking out of tho war ho hold his
crop for higher prices, and with each year
and additional advances ho waited for more,
until at last tho current sot in tho other way
which disgusted him so that he refused to sell
and, continuing to stack and stack, ho has now
on hands $20,000 worth of i)roduce. His
neighbors say he is crazy, which is probal
true, but how much wiser are those who
ing gifts which might be of use in societ}' ai
the church fail to employ them. A talent 1
in a napkin is of no more use than grain stac
ed up to rot. Or ho w much wiser is the
who does nothing but add each j-ear to I
pile of silver or gold or bonds, which in "
hands are of no value to society during 1
life, and perhaps are the ruin of his fam
after he is gone. — Nat. Farmer.
THE FRIEND.
FOURTH MONTH 26, 1879.
PHILADELPHIA YEARLY MEETING,
The near approach of the Yearly Meeti
brings with it much labor as well as soli
tudo, to those who are actively engaged
the service of the Society. In the week pi
ceding it, ai'e convened the Meeting for St
forings, the Indian Committee, the Committ
having charge of Westtown Boarding Schoi
and the Yearly Meeting of Ministers ai
Elders. In addition to these, there are fr
quently held during the same period, me*
ings of other important committees or boar
of trustees. Many friends feel that it is i
light matter properly to discharge the vario
duties connected with these several concerr
and that for the right performance of ther
they must look for help to the Source of a
spiritual good, and seek to have their mini
clothed with a measure of his Holy Spirit, i
that their labors may tend to the promotic
of his blessed cause in the earth.
The principal subject claiming attention
the Meeting for Sufferings, — which met c
Sixth-day, ISlh inst., — was the examination
some extracts from the minutes of the Yearll
Meeting issued at various times in tho pai
twenty years, and which it was designed 1
introduce into the Book of Advices. The la,
edition of that valuable compendium of th
concern of the Yearly Meeting for its men
bers, was issued in 1859, and as no more copi(
remained for distribution, it was thought bei
to issue a new edition, and to introduce a fe
additional paragraphs. In some ca^^es, thes
wei-e similar in substance to those of old(
date ; and their introduction at this time wi
thought desirable, to show that the Yoarl
Meeting of Philadelphia still adheres to thoi
principles and testimonies which our Soeiet
in by-gone years so zealously raaintaine
There were other paragraphs designed to pi
our members on their guard against pra
tices and tendencies which have arisen i
later times, and against which there had bee
no occasion to issue a warning in forra(
years. In this class, was the minute adoptc
in 1877, cautioning our members not to us
floral decorations on the occasions of burial
Tho proposed additions were sanctioned.
In the Yearly Mooting of Ministers and E
dors on Sovcuthday ; there were present son
visitors from a distance, who mentioned th;
they wore liberated by their friends at lion:
,for religious service ; but they did not ])r
sent their minutes to. the meeting, knowiii
that it had not been tho practice to read sue
credentials therein of latter time.
During tho course of the meeting, one age
Friend, after alluding to those who woi
prevented from attending b}' sickness, an
THE FRIEND.
295
ose absence was sensibly felt, and referring
the uncertainty of his own attendance on
such occasion in the future, bore a full
mony to the truth of those doctrines
ich were proclaimed to the world by George
s and our early Friends, and which Wil-
Ti Penn declared to be Primitive Christi-
ty revived; and he expressed his convic
1, that if the Society of Friends ever de-
ted them, it would dwindle.
The Yearly Meeting itself opened on Se-
id-day, the 2l8t inst. A few words of cau-
and affectionate counsel were followed
a season of deep silence, which was refresh-
o many. The first business entered upon
the opening of the meeting, was the
iding of the minutes of the Meeting for
fferings, showing their labors for the past
ar. '
A^mong the more important of these, was a
neern growing out of a proposition to trans-
the care of the Indians to the War Depart-
nt. This resulted in the preparation of a
jmorial to Congress, strongly protesting
■ainsl such transfer; pointing out the de-
H'alizing effects which uniformly attend the
tolact of military forces with the natives;
owing the inconsistency of the proposed
easure with the natural rights of the Indi-
es as men ; bringing to view those moral
id religious considerations which ought to
id to a just and benevolent treatment of
ese wards of the nation ; and referring to
e solemn truth, that national crimes, as
ell as those of individuals, meet with retri-
ition from the Ruler of the Universe, in
hose hands we are powerless. This memo-
il had been placed before Congress, through
Committee, who had obtained personal in-
rviews with several of the officers of the
jvernment, and labored to promote the cause
trusted to them. Information was given,
at Congress had adjourned without making
e change memorialized against.
A concern on the subject of intemperance,
id led to the preparation of separate memo-
ils to each of the Legislatures of Pennsyl-
,nia, New Jersey and Delaware, which had
len presented to those bodies by Committees
the Meeting for Sufferings. These memo-
ils refer in strong terms to the evils result- 1
g from the use of intoxicating liquors as a
ink, and bring to view the re.-ponsibility
sting upon legislators for the use of their
iwer in such a manner as to repress crime
id promote the good of the community.
The meeting had been brought under exer-
se for the promotion of vital religion in our
en Yearly Meeting, and elsewhere in the
iciety of Friends ; but no definite action had
en taken thereon.
The Address on Education, which was
ad in the Yearly Meeting one year ago,
,d been revised and printed for circulation.
Appropriations had been made out of the
larleston Fund, to assist in repairing a
eeting house at Mount H0II3', New Jersey,
,d one at Toledo, Kansas, and in building
iw ones at Stillwater, Ohio, and Deep Eiver,
orth Carolina. The fund thus made use of
the accumulated product of a small rental
ceived from a portion of the meeting-house
operty in Charleston, South Carolina, which
,s been carefully husbanded and kept at in-
vest for a long series of years by the trus-
es of the property. The original property
lelf still remains under the control of the
astees ; and the meeting house on it, which
was burnt down, can be replaced at any time,
when occasion requires.
The books and papers belonging to the
Meeting for Sufl'erings had been "carefully
arranged by a committee. This laborious
work had required the handling of the accu-
mulated documents from the first institution
of that body. These had been placed in order
of date ; those for each year being put between
boards, properly labelled, and the whole en-
closed in a series of pasteboard boxes for pre-
servation. An index of all the papers had
been made, so that any of them that might
bo required for examination could easily be
found.
The Trustees of the Pemberton Fund had
made a report of their receipts and expendi
tures for ten years past, showing an average
surplus of expenditure during that period of
about SlOO per annum, and indicating the
need of a slight curtailment on the part of
those who have charge of distributing it.
This fund, as many of our readers are aware,
is principally used in paying the travelling
expenses of persons attending the Yearly and
Quarterly Meetings of Philadelphia, and of
committees of the Meeting for Sufferings or
of either of those bodies.
The Report of the Book Committee showed,
as heretofore, a wide distribution of the ap-
proved writings of Friends in various locali-
ties. Many of these, it was stated, had been
sent to individuals who were desirous of cir-
culating them in parts of our Society where
the doctrines of Friends had been latterly
misrepresented or departed from.
The proceedings of the Meeting for Suffer-
ings were fully approved.
An extract from the will of Ruth Anna Cope,
was read, containing a bequest from this dear
friend of So, 000, to be used in publishing and
distributing the writings of Friends. It was
accepted and placed at the disposal of the
Meeting for Sufferings, to be used as indicated
by the will.
A committee of two Friends from each
Quarterly Meeting was appointed, to examine
the Treasurer's account, and report the amount
proper to be raised for the use of the meeting.
The Report of the Westtown Committee
was considered to be a favorable and satisfac-
tory one ; and the two propositions contained
therein were adopted, viz : one to reduce the
charge for board and tuition to $75 per ses-
sion, to commence with the next winter
term; and the other to reduce the annual
appropriation of the Yearly Meeting to the
school from §3,000 to 32,000. It being the
usual time for making a new appointment,
some Friends were set apart to nominate
Friends to serve as a committee for the next
three years.
We propose to finish our report of the pro-
ceedings of the Yearly Meeting in the next
number of our journal.
Wo have recently received two communi-
cations from distant Friends, residing widely
remote from each other, each of whom ap-
pears to be concerned that the Society of
Friends should maintain its ancient testimon}-
to the Divinity of our Lord and Saviour Jesus
Christ, and to the benefits derived from His
atoning sacrifice on the Cross ; as well as to
the necessity of all who would obtain salva-
tion knowing Him by his Holy Spirit to purge
their hearts by His baptism, which was de-
clared to be with the Holy Ghost and with
fire.
In this concern we cordially unite.
Attention has often been called to the ten-
dency in the human mind to run into one ex-
treme whilst endeavoring to avoid the oppo-
site. In view of this, it need not be a surprise,
if the superficial teachings of those, who say
that nothing more is needed for salvation than
simple belief in what Christ did for us in the
prepared body, should gradually lead others
equally superficial, to undervalue His suffer-
ings and death, and consider them as of little
importance beyond furnishing an example of
faithful devotion tothecauseof truth and right-
eousness. We sincerelj' desire that Friends
everywhere may be on their guard against
this tendency ; and may adhere to the plain
declarations of Scripture, and to the doctrines
repeatedly put forth to the world by the early
members of our Society, who declared in un-
equivocal language their faith in Christ, both
in Kis outward and in His inioard appearance.
John Banks, who was one of those worthies
of a former age, says on behalf of the Society :
" We as truly believe in that same Christ, who
laid down his body, and took it up again, as
in his Light within ; and we have benefit to
salvation, by the one as well as the other;
and of both, they being one."
One of the communications above referred
to, has appeared in our columns, the other is
from a Friend in Iowa, who after referring to
his own faith in the Divinity of Christ, and in
His Light revealed in the heart, suggests the
republication of a letter of Isaac Penington
treating on these subjects, as expressing his
views in better language than he could him-
self use. The letter is of considerable length,
and it may be sufficient, therefore, to extract
from it a few paragraphs, which show the
soundness of the faith, and the spiritual views
held by the writer, in common with other
Friends of that day.
"Christ is made unto us righteousness, by
faith in his blood, and by faith in his Spirit:
and he that doth not believe in his Spirit, and
receives not instruction and help from his
Spirit to believe, cannot believe aright in his
blood. All that is of Christ is righteous ; all
that is of Christ, the righteous and holy root,
is righteous and holy, wherever it is found.
And, by Christ, that which is truly holy and
righteous is brought up in us, and we forgiven
and washed from our sins and iniquities for
his name's sake. And the receiving of the
pardon of sins is precious, and the bringing
forth in the new life is precious also."
" That charge of thine on us, that we deny
the person of Christ, and make Him nothing
but a light or notion, a principle in the heart
of man, is very unjust and untrue ; for we
own that appearance of Him in his body of
flesh, his sufferings and death, and his sitting
at the Father's right hand in glory ; but then,
we affirm, that there is no true knowledge of
Him, or union with Him, but in the seed or
principle of his Light in the heart; and that
therein He appears, subdues sin and reigns
over it, in those that understand and submit
to the teaching and government of his Spirit."
"Oh! pure, spotless Lamb of God, how
precious was thy sacrifice in the ej'e of the
Father! How acceptable a ransom for all
mankind ! For, in the free, full, and universal
love of the Father, ' He tasted death for every
man.' "
296
THE FRIEND.
Since the issue of our last number, Dr,
Cbarles Evans, who for many years liadbeen
connected with the editorshij^ of this Journal,
closed his useful life.
His liealth had long been very frail, and on
the nij^ht of Third-day last, (the 15th inst.),
he. was taken alarmingly ill, and after a sick
ness of about tive days, was removed from this
scene of existence, on the night of Iho 20th.
He was a man of much intellectual ability,
and very decided judgment, whose conclusions
were often expressed with great clearness
and force. Sincerely attached to the prin
ciples of the Society of Friends, the doctrines
in which he had been educated, became his by
conviction ; and he was zealously concerned
to uphold them both by pen and tongue —
often in our meetings for discipline bearing
testimony to them with much power, and ex-
horting his fellow-members to a life and con-
versation consistent therewith.
He edited the Journal of his beloved brother,
William Evans; and subsequently prepared a
History of the Society of Friends from its rise
to the close of the Seventeenth Century — a
work of great merit, and requiring much re-
search. Jt is valuable, not only for its clear
statement of the events connected with that
period, but also for the insight it gives into
the doctrines held by those worthies of whom
it speaks.
Among his later publications, was a defence
of the Society of Friends against the surmises
of the late Robert Barclay, who had imbibed
the idea that George Fox derived his religious
opinions from the members of the sects with
whom he came into contact. This is an able
and convincing tract.
As the end of time to him drew near, he
was very sensible of the frail tenure by which
he held possession of this life, and occasion-
ally referred to it, with expressions of his
desire to accomplish all that his Divine Mas-
ter might appoint for him to do; and near
the close, he remarked in allusion to his own
feelings, "I have nothing to trust to, but the
mercy of God in Christ Jesus." Thus, with
loins girt and his light burning, we believe
he was ready when the summons came, to
enter into one of those heavenly mansions
prepared for the redeemed of the Lord.
He was in the seventy-seventh year of his
age.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — Every alternate life saving station
on the New Jersey coast was closed on tlie 15th inst.
The others will be closed on the first of ne.\t month.
The General Superintendent of the Railway Postal
Service, after having dismissed 1.50 of the employfo in
that service, and rsduced the compensation of the re-
mainder since the beginning of Twelfth month last, now
finds it necessary to again reduce their pay, so as to keep
within the congressional appropriation. The salary of
most of the route agents will he reduced to $000 a year.
After a brief lull, the immigration of colored people
from the South has again begun. More than 6000 have
thus fur arrived at St. Louis, only 2000 of whom were
able to pay their way to Kansas. Those who have
already reached their destination are reported in a suf-
fering condition.
An explosion of sulphur occurred in a mine in
Schuylkill county on the 17th, from which the coal
caught fire, and was still burning at dark of same even-
ing. One man was fatally, and several others seriously
burned.
.\ violent rain storm prevailed in the ("arolinas on
the night of the ICth. In the lower portion of South
Carolina it began with a tornado which caused great
ilcMlrMclicin of life and property. In the village of
\V.-,ll,rh„n, more than one hnn.lred dwellings were de-
luolisbid, leaving the inliabilants homeless. Fifteen
perscjns were killed and a number injured.
The negoliations between Secretary Schurz and chief
Moses have been completed, and a large reserv
the northern portion of Washington Territory has been
set aside by the President for that chief and his people,
with such other Indians as may affiliate with them.
Two "tidal waves" occurred in the harbor at Glou-
cester, Mass., on the 18th inst., one at 12.30 p. M., the
second at 4.30. The water rose 2} feet along the wharves,
sweeping vessels at anchor against the wind, and float-
ing off vessels that were grounded.
Snow and sleet fell on the 18th inst. in parts of Penn-
sylvania, New York and New England. At Hones-
dale, Carbondale, and other points in this State, six to
ten inches of snow fell.
The east bound freight business from Chicago during
the past few days is reported unusually heavy, all the
roads being taxed nearly to their full capacity.
In Congress the Senate is engaged with the army
appropriation bill, and the House with the legislative.
The House has adopted the Senate bill authorizing the
construction or purchase of a refrigerating ship for the
disinfection of ships and cargoe.s.
The Secretary of the Treasury has issued a call for
the redemption of $160,000,000, 10-40 six per cent,
bonds, interest to cease three months hence. The en-
tire balance of 4 per cent, bonds has been subscribed for;
also $40,000,000 ten dollar funding certificates. The
annual saving of interest by the funding operation is
estimated at $15,000,000.
Markets, &C.—U. S. sixes, 1881, 107 ; do. 5's, 1881,
registered, 104J; coupon, 10o\ ; 4J per cents, 106J; 4
per cents, lOOf.
Cotton. — Sales of middlings at 12 a 12} cts. per pound
for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 8} cts. in barrels, and standard
white, 9 J cts. for export, and 9 J cts. per gallon for home
Flour.— Extra family, $4.50 a $4.75 ; fancy, $5.20 a
3f5.25 ; patent, $7.25 a $7.75. Rye flour, $2.75 a $2.85.
Corn meal, $2.45 a $2..50.
Grain.— Wheat, red, $1.12.V a $1.13 ; amber, $1.14 a
$1.15; white, $1.15J. Corn, 42 a 43.} cts. Oats, 32 a
33 cts. for mixed, and 33 a 34 cts. for white.
Seeds. — Clover, 4J a 6 cts. per pound ; Flax-seed,
$1.42 per bushel ; Timothy, $1.40 a $1.50 per bushel.
Fresh Fruits.— Apples, Baldwins, $2.50 a $2.75;
Greenings, $3; Rox Russets, *2.50 a $2.60 per barrel.
Cranberries, $7.50 a $9 per bbl., $2.50 a $2.75 per crate.
Strawberries, 20 a 25 cts. per quart.
Foreign. — A disp.atch from New Castle states that
lumber of the striking miners, who are possessed of
ittle means, appear determined to quit the Durham
Collieries. The main tide of emigration seems to be
towards the mining districts of the United States.
Additional conflicts between the British and Zulus,
in .South Africa, are reported, attended with consider-
able loss of life on both sides, but no very decisive re-
sults. A force of 6,000 men, with provision, &c., are
on march for the relief of Col. Pearson's command at
Ekowe. A large number of his men are said to be sick,
and his provision nearly exhausted.
A Berlin dispatch states that General ZnrofT, the Pre-
fect of St. Petersburg, has resigned, because of threats
to assassinate him. Martial law has been proclaimed
at Odessa, as a precaution against expected outbreaks.
In con.sequence of the revolutionary feeling mani-
fested in Russia, a ukase has been published ordering
the appointment of Governors-General for six of the
most populous districts, with perfectly despotic powers.
Another flood is reported in Austria-Hungary. The
rivers Maros and Karos have again broken their dams,
destroying one town and endangering others. Some
hundreds of square miles of fields are again submerged.
An explosion of fire-damp has occurred in the
Agrappe coal pit, near Mans, Belgium, from which the
wood work of the shaft caught fire and fell in. There
were 240 men at work in the mine, and there appeared
but little hope of rescuing many of them.
After a long debate in the Dominion House of Com-
mons on the 17tli, a motion was carried for the appoint-
ment of a select committee to consider the question of
Chinese immigration. It was said there were 6,000
Chinese in British Columbia, in a total population of
25,000, exclusive of Indians.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL, i
The Summer Session of the School will comn iici
on Second-day the 5th of Fifth month. ,
Pupils who have been regularly entered and h 1 ^i
by the cars from Philadelphia, can obtain ticket- : ii,
depot of the West Chester and Philadelphia K.iil id
corner of Thirty-first and Chestnut streets, by i,' iit
their names to the Ticket-agent there, who is fiinii n
with a list of the pupils for that purpose. In su^ li m
the passage, including the stage fare from the 11 lil vl
Station, will be charged at the School, to be p li' j,-
with the other incidental charges at the chxc nt i,
term. Tickets can also be obtained of the Trea-ii i,
304 Arch street. Conveyances will be at the Si-i ;r
Road Station on Second and Third-days, the •'•.h n
6th of the month, to meet the trains that leave I'l u
delphia at 7.45 and 10 A. M., 12.30 and 2.30 p. m.
Baggage may be left either at Thirty-iirst ami i 1 i
nut streets or at Eighteenth and Market. If \v(t a le
latter place, it must be put under the care of II. A v-
ander & Son, who will convey it thence to Tliii ly- .|
and Chestnut at a charge of 10 cents per trunk, t. k
paid to them. Those who prefer can have tlicir ,>■
gage sent for to any place in the built-up part of fe
City, by sending word on the day previous (through (e
post-office or otherwise) to H. Alexander & Son, N
of 18th and Market Sts. Their charge in s
case for taking baggage to Thirty-first and Cliest
will be 25 cents per trunk. For the same chs
they will also collect baggage from the other r
depots, if the checks are left at their office corner of 1
and Market Sts. Baggage put under their care, if]
perly marked, will not require any attention from
owners, either at the West Philadelphia depot, o
the Street Rojid Station, but will be forwarded direc
the School. It may not always go on the same trail
the owner, but it will go on the same day, provided
notice to H. Alexander & Son reaches them in time
During the Session, pa.ssengers for the School i
be met at the Street Road Station, on the arrival of
first train from the City, every day except First-da
and small packages for the pupils, if left at Fri(
Book Store, No. 304 Arch street, will be forwarc
every Sixth-day at 12 o'clock.
Fourth month 22nd, 1879.
FRIEND.S' SELECT SCHOOLS.
Wanted a te.acher for the Girls' School. Applicati
lay be made to
John W. Biddle, No. 726 Buttonwood 1
Ephraim Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebecca W. Kite, No. 459 North Fifth S
Hannah Evans, No. 322 Union St.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
The Summer Session opens on Second-day, the I
of Fifth month. Parents and others who intend to sc
pupils, will pleiise make application to Benjami
Passmore, Supt., (address. Street Rood P. 0., CVies
Co., Pa.,) or to Charles J. Allen, Treasurer, 3
Arch St., Philadelphia.
Early application is requested when convenient
CORRECTION.— On p.age 287 of last number
The Friend," 2d column, 2d line, "Appeal on beh;
of the colored race," should be "Appeal on behalf i
the colored races." I
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Nurse is wanted for the Boys' Department, to
enter on her dntiei at the beginning of the Summer
session. \ piiliciiinii mnv be nmle lo
■\ \'- l.'l-e, I'iUniM l.^vn, Clie^CrCo., P.l.
liel-!.i!i l:ie.el '. ll,.iM..„i,el.l,'New .Tersey.
Elizubelh l;. Kvnns, :ili2 Union St., Philada.
JOURNAL OF WILLIAM EVANS.
This journal is now ofl^ered at the following reduci
prices :
Bound in cloth . . $2.00, formerly $2.50'
do. half morocco . $2.50 formerly $3.00<
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frank/ord, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia
Physician and Superintendent — JohnC. Hall, M.!
Applications for the .\dmission of Patients may 1
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
DiKii, at her home in Rahway, N. J., 3rd mo. lOt
7',), Lucy II. Eddy, in the S3d year of her age, i
elder of Railway and Plainfield Monthly Mectin,
The blessing pronounced on such as consider the poi
t is believed, was in large measure hers ; that her ei
fas kept open to the cause near by, as well as afar ofi
ml that "to do good and communicate," she did ni
forget. Her christian character, sympathizing bear
and helping liand, have given cause for long renieii:
brance.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIFTH MONTH 3, 1879.
NO. 38
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
•ice, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Sabsoriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
LT NO. 116 SORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
Selected.
)seph and Sarah Pool's Testimony concerning
their son Joseph, icho Jied the li5th of 12ih
mo. 1785, aged 16 years 4 months and 8 days.
Being; ne.arl3' afflicted with a acn-'e of the
:eat loss we, as well as the church in general
ive sustained, by the removal of our dear
id beloved child, we cannot but consider it
ir duty thus to pay a tribute of love to his
emory, as well as hand down to posterity a
rief account of his pious life and happy con
nsion, in order that one more living witness
lay be added to the man^' that have gone
ifore, of the sufficiency of the saving grace
God who in the multitude of His tender
ereies hath been graciously pleased to fit
0k for a place in His heavenly kingdom,
ren in the verj' morning of his day ; ^o that
8 heart was inclined to love and reverence
S Creator, and bj- attending to the manifes-
.tionsof the divine light, which enlighteneth
fery man thai conieth into the world, he be-
tme very solid and orderly in his whole de
lent among men. It may, comparatively,
J said grey hairs were upon his head, though
youth.
He was born at Growtown, Ireland, in the
unty of We.xford, the seventeenth day of
e 8th mo. 1769, and from his very infancy
as of an innocetit disposition, and not ad-
ded to tho^e foolish plays and pastimes,
hich the generality of chiMren are prone to
aving been favored early to hear the divine
Dice to his comfort; as he mentioned in a
lall journal left behind, and would often
eak in so sensible a manner as to excite ad-
iration in those who conversed with him.
e was truly obedient unto us; and we can
kfely say, we never detected him in a lie,
eing fund of learning, he made a consider-
Dle progress in the mathematics and other
arts of useful literature, for which he had a
atural talent, which did not seem to exalt
He was remarkably diligent in reading
Holy Scriptures, and greatly delighted in
le company of faithful Fiiends, and the at-
mdance of religious meetings. About a year
nd a half before his decease, it pleased th
I'lrd in an eminent manner to visit his soul
th a more clear discovery of the day spring
•om on high, and to attract him nearer to
[imself by the cords of his love, even to wean
is affections from all sublunary things, and
y the operation of his Holy Spirit, as a re-
ner's fire, to purge and ]nirify him thorough-
7 in body, soul, and spirit, whereby we thiok
t may with propriety be said, to the praise of
the Almighty's goodness, he was made a new
reature, even a vessel of honor fitted and pre-
pared to serve his Lord and Master, and to
testify unto His saving power, whose service
was his soul's delight. During this short
period, he was enabled to make an extraor-
dinary |jrogrcss in the heavenlj' race, and was
at length constrained to declare unto others,
what the Lord had done for his soul, by ap-
pearing in public testimonj' in several meet-
ngs of Friends, much to their satisfaction and
edification. In consequence of this requisition,
we think the exercise of his mind cannot be
more feelingly expressed than it is by himself
the following words, which were found
smce his decease in his own writing, dated
the 7th of 8th mo. 1785, viz: " Divers pertur-
bations and trials h.ivo been the lot of mine
nheritance — may the Lord sanctify them to
me, so as to render acceptable those things
which seem to the taste hitter; qualifying me
to labor in His vineyard, to his honor, praise
and glory, of which He alone is worthy : not
man nor men." He was weighty and fervent
n spirit, as well in religious meetings as at
other times, his ver^' deportment conveying
nstruction toothers. He seemed careful to
wait the motion of life before he would speak
either in meetings for worship or discipline, so
that it may be truly said, his words were few
ami savory, lending to administer grace to
the hearers. His declarations in public were
short, connected, and free from affectation.
He was remarkably abstemious in eating and
drinking, and sleeping, seldom using any
liquid stronger than milk and water, so that
his moderation in all things appeared. H
had a near sympathy for the poor, and those
in affliction, whom he often visited and would
administer to them pertinent counsel and ad
vice. He greatly delighted in retirement,
appropriating a part of almost every dav
religious contemplation, of the fruit of which
solitude, the following ejaculation, found in his
own writing, amongst other valuable papers,
may serve as a speci men. viz : " How precious
is Thy presence, O God ! — how sublime are
Thy delights i How beautiful is Thy Majesty,
excelling that of all outward princes — placed
far above all principalities art Thou ! Th
delighlest those who humbly seek Thee with
refreshing well-springs from Thy divine foun
tain. Thou hast rest-rved delightful pleasure?
for them, O Lord ! I have heard Thy voice
which is sweet, and Thj- countenance which is
comely have I beheld — keep me in an humble
reverent, watchful state, knowing the enmity
there is between Thy precious everlasting
seed which thou hast sown in our hearts, and
that Satan who is an enemy and a destroyer.
lO Lord, give me power to overcome, that so,
when time here shall fail, I may be received
into Thy everlasting rest." Thus hesojourned
with us, following the Lord in the exercise
lof the daily cross and self-denial, until it
wisdom, to call him from works to rewards.
He was visited with the small-pox on the
10th of the 12th mo. 1785. After they came
out ho was sorely afflicted, which he was en-
abled to bear wnth great resignation to the
divine will: being evidentlj' supported b}' that
ating power, which, in time of health,
was his comfort beyond all other enjoyments.
During this dispensation of bodily conflict
he uttered many weighty expressions, signi-
fying his confidence in the Lord, and assur-
ance of favor with Him : .several of which not
being immediately noted, cannot now be ex-
aclly remembered; however, the following
remain fresh on our memory. The first day
of his illness he said to his mother to this
effect: "I am very sick, but I have sweet
])eace, and is not that well?" One morning,
about three or four days before his departure,
father going to his bedside, asked him how
it was with him? He said he was bat poorly
as to the outward ; his father then enquired
how it was with him as to his inward state ;
fter some time of silence he thus expressed
himself, "I have not an angry God to look in
the face. I have been obedient to all the
manifestations He haih been pleaseil to com-
municate to mo. I know not whether I shall
die or not, for if I were to die, I think I
should feel more of the incomes of divine love
than I do now feel — come life, or come death,
I have abundant more satisfaction than if 1
had been inoculated." Another morning he
spoke thus, "I have had a hard night of it,
but I have felt so much of the love of God,
that it makes amends for all my hardships."
One morning being in much pain, he prayed
in a melodious manner thus: "O Lord! why
am I thus afflicted? seeing thou knowest the
inleirrity of my heart;" and then desired of
the Lord that He might grant him a little
ease, if it was his will, immediatel}^ after
which he fell asleep. When he awoke he
seemed finely refreshed, and acknowledged
the Almighty's goodness in graciously an-
swering his petitions, saying, "I am fine and
easy ; I know the Lord hath heard my prayer,
the Lord hears the prayers of the innocent;"
another time he said to his mother, he " hoped
she would be enabled to say with Job, ' the
Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away,
blessed be the name of Lord.' " A few days
before his departure, his spirit seemed singu-
larly drawn in sympathy towards several
American Friends, who had been lately on a
religious visit to this nation, with whom he
had contracted an intimate acquaintance, and
desired his dear love might be remembered
to them, and particularly John Pemberton
and George Dillwyn and companions. He
zealousl}' cautioned a woman Friend who
came to visit him a few days before he died,
not to suffer her daughter to dress in the man-
ner she did, signifying that it exposed such to
temptations, by laying them open to the world ;
adding this reason, " for first the eye goes
pleased Him, whose ways are all in infinitelout, then the ear goes out, then the beam
298
THE FRIEND.
comes down, and after that the house comes
down." The morning he departed there were
several in the room with him, to whose states
he was led to speak in a lively manner, rightly
dividing the word amongst them; and the
last words he was heard to utter were, " I
have tried it, I have proved it, and nothing
will do, but what has the Master's stamp upon
it." In a few moments after this dropped
into a sweet sleep, in which he continued
about iialf an hour, and then finished his
course without sigh or groan.
Selected.
On the Resurreftioii of Jesus Christ.
BY OLINTHUS GREGORY.
(CoDtiimed from page 290.)
Both the Jewish and the Gentile opposers
of Christianity, in the primitive ages, admit
that Jesus Christ suffered death by crucifi.xion,
was buried, and that his tomb was found
empty (^n the third day. Either, then, the
body must have been taken away, or he rose
from the dead. If the bodj' were stolen, it
must have been either by the enemies, or by
the friends, of Christ : of these alternatives
the former cannot be assumed for a moment ;
and I shall soon show that the latter, though
rather more specious, is utterly untenable.
The disciples of the Saviour affirm that he
rose from the dead, and often api^eared to
the7n, as I have already related. They also,
immediatel}' after the event, setapart a solemn
periodical day, and instituted a ceremony
founded upon it, and commemorating it ; the
returning day, and the significant ceremony,
having tieen observed regularly from that
time through all succeeding ages to the pre-
sent. Thus, with regard to the day, it ap-
pears from various passages, to two or three
of which I refer you,* that the apostles, very
soon after the death of their Lord, set apart
tho first day of the week, being that on which
they affirmed he ro.se from the dead, as a day
of religious wor.ship, of Christian rejoicing on
account of that important event; it appears,
too that the Christian converts in general,
both at Jerusalem and at other places, united
with them in solemnizing this day, and for
the reason just specified. Farther, the mostj
ancient writers in the Christian church, after
the apostles, agree in assuring us that the
observation of the first day of the week pre-
vailed early and constantly.
Now, on the day of Pentecost, when Peter
addressed tho multitude then collected to-
gether, he reasoned principally upon the fact
of the resurrection, and affirmed that Jesus,
whom they had crucified, was thus raised up
in proof that he was " both Lord and Christ."
So convincing were his arguments within that
short distance of the date assigned to tho re-
surrection, that on this one day thre.e thousand
believed, and wore baptized, that is, baptized
in token of their belief that Jesus died, rose
again, and instituted baptism after his resur-
rection. Here, therefore, in like manner, the
reasoning is conclusive.
JJut, as arguments in favor of this groat
fact flow from various quarter.^, lot it bo farther
considered, that, if the account of Christ's re-
surrection had been false, the imposture must
necessarily have been detected. For the ad-
vocates of Christianity may argue, ami its
opponents cannot with any appearance of
roason deny, — that the apostles immediately
Acts XX.
Cor. xvi. 2. Rev. i. 10.
after the resurrection declared it : — that they
made this declaration upon the very spot
where the thing was pretended to have oc
curred : — that they did not disseminate their
story covertly ; but proclaimed it in the most
open and public manner possible: — that they
did not begin to circulate their report in
some secret and obscure corner ; but in one of
the most celebi'ated and public places then
existing in the world : — that they made choice
of a season in which there was the greatest
concourse and resort of all sorts of people
thither, that they might gain the greatest
number of hearers and of inquirers into the
truth of their extraordinary narration : — that
the professed adversaries of the Christian doc-
trine then at Jerusalem had many cogent
reasons to stimulate them to exert their ut-
most efforts to prove it false: — that they had
as much time and opportunity as could well
be desired to devote to the detection of the
imposture, had there been any: — and, that
they had likewise power in their hands, by
which they were enabled to examine all per
sons and things that might in any way con-
duce to throw light upon this remarkable and
highly interesting subject.
Under circumstances so favorable to refu-
tation, there can be no doubt that the Jews
would have refuted the story of the apostles
and disciples of Jesus Christ, bad it been in
their power: and besides this, the Jews had
an additional motive arising from the injury
sustained by their moral character, unless
they could prove the statements of the Chris-
tians to be intentionally and wickedly errone-
ous. It will be readily granted, I suppose,
that, when two parties of men are directly
and strongly opposed to each other, if the one
!rts and publishes a statement as to matter
of fact which is of the highest moment, and
bsolutcly destructive of the interest of the
other, and is not so palpabljj^ false as to carry
with it plain indications of malignity and re-
venge, or of studied slander and scandal ; that
then, if the other party, upon whom this
charge is made, does not in as solemn and
public a manner refute it, or do something in
their own vindication, which will, in the
opinion of unbiassed and unprejudiced per-
sons, bear some proportion to the attack m-ade
upon them, — in such case, the accused party
tacitly acknowledge the truth of what the ac-
cusing party have alleged against them, and
thus, of consequence, relinquish the cause.
Now this is exactly the state of the case be-
tvveen the early Jews and Christians. The
evangelist Matthew publishes to the world in
unequivocal terms, that the Jews bribed thej
soldiers to report that the body of Christ wasj
stolen by his disciples when they (the guard)
were asleep; and the early Christians uni-l
f.n-mly asserted the same thing. To record'
thus in the evangelical history that the Jews
wore guilty of this ridiculous and self-destrue-j
five, and yet horrid and abominable, piece of
forgery and bribery ; to tell the world that
they acted so foul and sordid a part as to
tamper with tho soldiers, and get them to cir-
culate a story which in their hearts they knew
to bo notoriously false, as well as absurd, since
no man can accurately ascertain what is car-
ried on near him when his senses are locked
up in sleep; to do this, was to depict the
ruling Jews to tho world in tho very worst
colors in which men could be drawn, and to
expose the cause of these enemies of Christ,
as desperate and forlorn to the last dogroo.
Is it not natural to conclude that the Jo
would in some signal manner have vindieat
themselves from this charge, if thej' had r
known and felt that vindication was imp
sible, the thing being notorious ? and is it r
an equally necessary inference, that the Je
at that time were fully persuaded that Jos
Christ was indeed risen ? otherwise, wl
should they offer bribes, and invent an absu
story, to conceal it?
(To be coDclnded.)
The Story of Belleville and the Mission to the fluvri
of Paris.
Under the above title Horatius Bonar b
published a very interesting little tract, g'
ing an account of the remarkable missi'
work among theinhabitants of Belleville sin
the siege of Paris was followed by the coi
munistic outbreak. A person named M'^
has been the principal agent in this mo\
ment during the last si.x or seven 3'ears. 1
Belleville was originally a, faubourg or aahw
on the northeastern side of the gr-eat city '
Paris, but is novv included within the circle j
the fortifications, and contains a populati(|
of about 100,000 of the poorest classes, i
is, however, situated on an elevation whiil
makes it one of the healthiest quarters in tl
French metropolis, and commands extensi'i
views. A little to the south is the f'amo'i
cemetery of Per© la Chaise, while the fin
new park of the Buttes Chaumont is one
the monuments of the Emperor Louis Ni
poleon's costly efforts to embellish and ii
prove the comforts of Paris. But Bellevil
had become notorious as the abode of povert
misery, and crime. From these Atheist
dens went forth the Socialistic Communis
or levelers, who, like the Democrats of S
Antoine in the first Eevolution, with libert
equality, and fraternity on their banner
afterward burst out as murderers or ince
diaries, burning the palaces of the nation ar
seeking to sweep away both rank and pr
perty.
Dr. Bonar gives a short but harrowir
sketch of the horrid atrocities committed t
the Communists when soured against tl
wealthy and enraged agiinst the priesthoo
who never approached them but for mono;
"but were feeding luxuriously- during tl
great siege, when they were starving, or su
tainod in life by the vermin of the coinmc
sewers." Oue of the mission stations is noi
Haxo, where, within a large garden with t
iron gate, a blackened wall records the ma
saere of numbers of the priests of Pari
Other places are to bo seen where the arm
of Versailles, bursting in upon Belleville, i
flicted a terrible but indiscriminate retrib
tion, and men and women were shot down t
hundreds in the streets. Wo are told tin
" five hundred were, in one mass, placed upc
tho edge of a long, deep ditch, shot down b
soldiers, and buried there."
"No excuse," says Dr. B )nar, "can I
offered for the Communists save the igno
ance and tho provocations received in daj
past from an unsympathizing aristocracy an
an unfeeling. priesthood."
Happening to bo in Paris soon after tb
war (01 1870-1), M'All went into a cafe shortl
before leaving. Ho was distributing tracts 1
the door, and his wife inside. A work ma
gras|)ed his hand, and said, " Will you m
come aud toll ua the true religion?"
These words were enough. Tboy clang t
THE FRIEND.
299
ai as he journeyed home ; and as he pon-
red them, he could not help recognizing in
em a message from God to come over and
Ip these poor Parisians. He severed his
me ties, and with his zealous and indefati-
ble partner, took up his abode in Belleville,
the very midst of these strange Commu-
its, whom everybody dreaded. He was en-
sated not to throw himself into danger; he
iS warned against Communistic violence ;
was told that his life was not safe. But
had, in the strength of God, resolved to
;e the great work, and he had counied the
st ; 80 he took up his abode in that poor dis-
ct, among those men and women whose
nds were j'etred with the blood, and smell-
r of the petroleum with which they had set
B Tuileries on fire. He took a room for a
11, sent out his invitations, and gathered
and him soon a goodly number of these out-
sts.
But soon there came openings in other parts
the city, which were one by one entered
; and calls, unmistakably from God, were
adly responded to year after year, till the
e station at Belleville has grown in to twenty
'O, scattered like forts, orrather like beacons,
over the city. These twenty-two stations
e not all of the same size; some of the rooms
halls will seat about 200, others 400, and
e 550; if crowded, as they sometimes are,
nsiderably more. In all, there is accommo
ition for 4652. The average weekly attend
ce of adults is about 8000, and that of juve
les about 3000. Most of the meetings ar(
fice a week, others ofiener ; one, that of
voli, every night. The majority of the au
ences are of the ])Oorest cla-^s; but the bet
r clas-ies drop in, and there is a singular
ixlure of both rich and poor in all of them
■the workmen in their ordinary working
athes, and the women without bonnets; all
them reverential in demeanor, and gazing
tently on the speaker.
The softening and refining influence of all
lis evangelistic work, apart from its deeper
suits, is most remarkable. The people have
arned to love the stranger, and to love one
lother. They wonder what can induce the
Dglish thus to come and care for them : and
any of the Parisians of the better classes
rpress the same wonder — " What can make
le English so love and care for our poor?"
he feeling thus engendered toward Great
ritain is of the most beneficial and brotherly
nd. This seems all the more remarkable
I them because thej^ are nearly all Roman
atholics. Their own co-roligionists take no
iterest in them.
The Government has been all along not
erely neutral, but friendlj', not hesitating
I speak privatel}' of the wonderful improve-
lent on that wild, rude faubourg. Govern-
lent officials, though Eoman Catholic, have
3friended when some partisan of the priest-
ood tried to stir up opposition, on the ground
f illegality. — Record.
A Slim Percentage of Missionary. — A ship
liled from Boston the other day bound for
le African coast with a cargo of eight h
red thousand gallons of rum, and a passenger
St of one missionary. The Presbyterian Jour
ai calls this a slim percentage of missionary,
nd asks : " How long will it take to convert
be world with such a fearful disproportion
etween the spiritual and the spirituous agon-
ies at work ?"
Tlip Plain Dress.
Our Saviour has said. No man can serve
two masters. And I have been reminded of
this saying, in considering those members of
our Society who follow the vain customs and
fashions of the world. For, who is the author
of those fashions ? The author of them is the
prince of this world, that ruleth in the hearts
of the children of disobedience. And are not
they, who follow those vain fashions, fol-
lowers of him, their author, whatever they
may profess ?
Our Saviour said. If any man is ashamed
of me before men, of him will I be ashamed
before my Father and the holy angels. Those
who are afraid, or ashamed, to be known to
the world as his followers; known, that is, by
their life and conversation, their dress and
address, may find Him ashamed of them at
that day, the great day of judgment, when we
must all appear before the judgment seat of
this same Christ, to give an account of th<
deeds done in the body.
Our early Friends seem to have seen this
inconsistency with great clearness, and ad
vised their fellow-members to come out of
these things. George Fox, in bis Epistle (No.
148 of Epistles, p. 113,) says : " Eun not after
every new fashion the world inventeth and
setteth up: keep in your plain fashion," &e.
So that the peculiar plainness of Friends seemf
to have been conspicuous even at that day
(1657), which ]s not to be wondered at con-
sidering how frequently the fashions of the
world change from j'ear to year. So that
even then, the dress, more or less, distin-
guished consistent Friends, from the rest of
the world, and to all who saw them, pro-
claimed them the professed followers of Christ,
and rejecters of the prince of this world, with
his vain customs and changeable fashions.
Yet in our day (1879), some even stand up
in our religious assemblies as ministers and
leaders of the Society of Friends, who are
manifest followers of vain and changeable
fashions and customs. C. C. C.
Frieud." i)ig uncle all the time keeping up their clamor.
I expected, of course, that our five witnesses
would be outsworn bj^ the twenty or fifty of
our opponents. But I was yet to learn a point
n Mohammedan law.
Tlie Kadi silenced the clamor of Yusef, and
announced the decision of the Court; "The
case is closed," he said. " Respectable wit-
nesses have testified before the face of God
to the validity of the American claim. Any
testimony to the contrary niust be false. It
is im])0ssible to receive the witnesses of the
defendant. The police may dismiss them all,
and the legal settlement of the case is referred
to the Mufti." — Dr. Jessup, in Frank Leslie's
Sunday Magazine.
A Syrian Lawsuit. — At halfpast one the
Kadi made his appearance. Having been '
formed of the disclosure which had been made,
he ordered the court to be cleared of all by-
standers, and our case to be tried. Our five
witnesses were at hand ; only one at a time
being admitted into the courtroom. The first
was Saiyid (this means his Lordship) Abu
Mustapha. "What evidence have you to offer
to the face of Allah?" asked the clerk. "I
know," was the answer, "that somewhere
about thirty years ago. Ameer Effendi came
to Beyroot to lay out the city streets, and
took a piece of land from the American Cem
etery, and gave the Americans a piece in place
of it, and ordered them to build upon it : they
went on at once and built the existing founda
tions, and my brother was superintendent of
the work." "Is that all?" asked the clerk.
"That is all." "Call the next." Our four
other witnesses testified to substantially the
same effect.
Yusef smiled triumphantly, and his trucu-
lent old uncle Moosa poured forth a defiant
volley of Turkish, demanding that his bat-
talion of witnesses, Hajjis and Saiyids, should
bo heard at once. The Kadi smiled and beck-
oned to the clerk. Another Kudi, a friend of
the Beyroot dignitary, happened to come in,
and the three consulted together; Yusef and
Mathematical Evidence.
Dr. John Mason once, while travelling in
a stage coach, had an argument with a young
officer who objected to religion, that it could
not be supported by absolute proofs, like the
propositions of mathematics.
" But," replied the doctor, " suppose I could
prove that objections can be urged against
mathematical demonstrations more puzzling
and unanswerable than any objections against
moral evidence ?"
" I shall yield the cause ; but I am sure that
the condition is impossible."
"Let us try," said the other. "I begin
with a common case. The Newtonian system
of the world is so perfectly settled that no
scholar presumes to question it. Go then, to
a peasant who never heard of Newton, nor
Copernicus, nor the solar sj'stem, and tell him
that the earth moves round its axis, and round
the sun. He will stare at you to see whether
you be not jeering him ; and when he sees you.
are in earnest, he will laugh at you for a fool.
Ply him now with your mathematical and
astronomical reasoning. He will answer you,
that he believes his own eyesight more than
your learning ; and his eyesight tells him the
sun moves round the earth. And as for the
earth turning round upon her axis, he will
say, that ' he has often hung a kettle over
the kitchen fire at night, and when he came
back in the morning it was hanging there
still; but had the earth turned round, the
kettle would have been turned over, and the
mash spilled over the floor.' You are amused
with the peasant's simplicity, but you cannot
convince him. His objection is, in his own
eyes, insurmountable : he will tell the affair
to his neighbors, as a good story ; and they
will agree that he fairly shut the philosopher's
mouth. You may reply that 'the peasant
was introduced into the middle of a matured
science, and that not having learned its ele-
ments, he was unsupplied with the principles
of correct judgment.' True: but your solu-
tion has overthrown yourself A free thinker,
when he hears some great doctrine of Chris-
tianity, lets off a small objection, and runs
away laughing at the folly or railing at the
imposture of all who venture to define aDivine
revelation ; he gathers his brother unbelievers,
and they unite with him in wondering at the
weakness or impudence of Christians. He is
in the very situation of the peasant. He bolts
into the heart of a grand religious system ; ho
has never adverted to its first principles, and
then he complains that the evidence is bad.
But the fault in neither case lies in the ignor-
ance or obstinacy of the evidence, it lies in
the ignorance or obstinacy of the objector.
The peasant's ground is as firm as the infidel's.
300
THE FRIEND.
The proof of the Newtonian system is to tJie
former, as distant, subtle, and cloudy as the
proof of revelation can be to the latter; and
the objection of one as good as the objection
of the other. If the depravity of men had as
much interest in persuading them that the
earth is not globular, and does not move round
the sun, as it has in persuading them that the
Bible is not true, a mathematical demonstra-
tion would fail of convincing them, although
the demonstrator were an angel of God !
" But with respect to the other point, viz.,
that there are objections to mathematical evi-
dence more puzzling and unanswerable than
can be alleged against moral reasoning, take
the two following instances :
" It is mathematically demonstrated that
matter is ivfinttely divisible; that is, has an in-
finite number of parts. A line then of half arj
inch long has an infinite number of parts.
Who does not see the absurdity of an infinite
half inch ? Try the difficulty another waj-.
It requires some portion of time to p;iss any
portion of space. Then, as your half-inch has
an infinite number of parts, it requires an in-
finite portion of time for a moving point to
pass by the infinite number of parts ; but an
infinite number of portions of time is an eter-
nity! Consequently it requires an eternity,
or something like it, to move half an inch !"
"But, sir," interposed the officer, "you do
not deny the accuracy of the demonstration,
that matter is infinitely divisible?"
"Not in the least, sir; I perceive no flaw
in the chain of demonsti-ation, and yet I per
ceive the result to be infinitely absurd."
"Again. It is matheraaticaliy demonstrated
that a straight line, called the asymtote of the
hyperbola, may eternally approach the curve
of the hyperbola, and yet can never meet it.
Now, as all demonstrations are built upon
axioms, an axiom must always be plainer
than a demonstration; and to my judgment
it is as plain, that if two lines continually ap
proach, they shall meet, as that the whole is
greater than its part. Here, therefore, I am
fixed. I have a demonstration directly in the
teeth of an axiom, and am equally incapable of
denying either side of the contradiction." —
Ep. Recorder.
" For Tlie Friend "
Some Extracts from liie Diary and letters of Ebenezer
Worth.
(Continued from page 290.)
" 2d mo. 6th. Went to take my leave of the
Indians at Cold Spring; they wore at the time
holding what they called a New Years' Meet
ing, which gave me an opportunity of seeing
a number of the chiefs, i was favored to feel
my own weakness, and at times, notwithstand-
ing I had been much favored at other times,
I think felt discouraged. I had talked a good-
deal with some to satisfaction ; there were
others whose feelings I thought I had scarcely
ever been able to reach. After conversing
with them for a time on other business, my
mind was much favored, and I was enabled
to talk with them on religious subjects ti>
satisfaction; their reply to me was comfort-
ing, for whith I have reason to fi^el thankful,
and I left them, I think, with feelings of re-
joicing.
Visited Geo. Jacob; ho had been sick. I
think the visit was satisfactory to ns both.
Called a short time and expressed a few words
in great weakness, to the Indians who were
met in the Council House, thou returned
home, I think I may say, thankful for the
favors of the day.
On Fifth-day, the 8lh of 2d mo. 184-t, I left
to pay a visit to my relations and friends in
Chester county. On my way home I experi-
enced a good degree of preservation and
comfort, but the thoughts ot saying ' thou' to
my relatives and friends when it would be
proper, felt quite a trial to me, and was much
in the cross, although I have, for a long time
made a plain appearance and said thee to a
single person ; but when my mind was stayed
upon Him who alone can support us, this trial
seemed small, and my strength increased."
[It may appear strange to some, that one so
dedicated as Ebenezer Worth, should find it
difficult to take up the cross in what appears
so small a thing as the use of the pronoun
thou instead of thee. But it will not appear
so surprising, when we reflect that persons of
a diffident disposition nuturally shrink from
going counter to the customs which prevail
in the circle in which they move; especially,
when their so doing may be looked upon as
making a profession of greater conscientioiis-
ness and strictness than their friends and as-
sociates practi<e. Few who have not tried it,
can tell hovv much such a change involves.
May the exercise in regard to it increase and
spread among us, for it does comprise much
more in its effects than appears at first sight.]
Diary continued.
" Arrived at home the evening of the 14th,
found my relatives pretty well, feel I trust in
measure thankful for the favor. On Fifth-day
the ISih, attended the Qiiarterly Meeting of
Ministers and Elders to a degree of satisfiic
tion.
16th. Attended Quarterly Meeting (Cain).
Whilst I esteem it a great privilege to sit with
my friends in their meetings, 1 think I have
experienced that the true qualification for
worship and enjoyment is alone from our
Divine Master, and is oftentimes felt in our
smallest meetings, greatly to our comf irt and
refreshment, when we are in our proper places
given up to wait upon Him, with a desire to
serve Him, in the ability which He in his
wisdom and tnercy is pleased to give.
20tli. Attended Concord Quarterly Meet-
ing, in which I had much satisfaction. Dou-
gan and Asenath Clark attended this meet-
ing, on their way to pay a religious visit to
Priends in Europe. Sarah Eralen was also
set at liberty to attend to a similar concern,
which I thought was feelingly united with
by the solid part of the meeting."
On the 12th of the 3d month following, he
left his home to return to Tunesassa, in rela-
tion to which he says: "Parting with my
friends was, I think, as trying as when I left
a 3-ear ago. Although much humbled and
tried, I was mercifully supported, and was
enabled in faith to lean upon that, which has
hitherto been to mo strength and support in
the time of trial ; may all my dependence be
on the Lord.
15th. Left Philadelphia and got to New
York; staid at the Battery Hotel; called to
see John Hancock. At the hotel in the course
of the evening, I heard a man, who 1 suppose
to bo Captain Cheyney, sa}', he that day saw
a ship purchased by an eastern man, and paid
for ill eastern money, for a slaver. When I
thought of this it was distressing to me.
16th. Left lor Albany — went by the way
of Bridgeport. The wind blew hard, making
considerable waves on the water, the steam-
boat was so toss.'d as to make it at times d |i.
cult to walk about. I stood for a time on ie|
hind part of the boat, and I think I can
was comforted in viewing the waves, am
membrringthai this great water was the w(jj|
of Him, in whom we believed, and desiredf
serve. I have not language to expre
solemn, comfortable feelings with whicll
was favored in beholding this portion (aj
suppose I may call it) of the sea.
19th. Got to Abr'm Gifford's, where I
kindly received ; after paying a short vil
went to Jos. Battey's, where I staid all ni
20th. It has the appearance of being prej
good sleighing to-morrow, and feeling
mind drawn towards attending their m
ing, I concluded to stay and do so; it wasfi
me a comfortable one.
21st. Jos. Battey was so kind as to ca;
me fourteen miles on my way to the riv
that evening I got to Nopole Corners,
public house there is kept by Ashball Bui
nell, apparently a religious man; I should
glad if other public houses were kept like I
21st. Got to the reservation, and was kii
ly received by the Indians. The chiefs bai
council to-day. I was glad of the opportuni
to present a letter which I had from the Co
mittee — Moses B. Pierce being there to
terpret.
The Adventures of an English Christian War
— The name of John, though now so coram
in our midst, was not a favorite with our eai
English forefathers. With a few rare exci
tions, it does not occur before the Norm
conquest. And when we look at the mass
our familiar names, we shall see that thi
the case with ever^' one of them. Eobe
Thomas, William, Henry, Richard, Jamc
Mary, Ellen, Eliza, Eniil^', Catharine, Marj
ret, Jane; none of these are commonly f'ou
as native names until after the invasion
Duke William. In fact, we may say, in
certain sense, that truly English Christi
names are now all but unknown in Englan
Our whole modern nomenclature is almc
entirely foreign or scriptural. In earlj' En
lish times, however, before the Danes and t
Norwegian from Scandinavian lands, or t
Norman had overflowed the country, eve:
English man or woman bore a name which
once conveyed a meaning to the hearer in f
own tongue. A few examples of these tn
English names will suffice to show their
eral character. Most of the best knowi
which are really royal names, are compoun
ed oi' wiliel "noble" .Eihelhald, ^Ethelberl
^Ethelred ^Ethelstan, and ^Ethelwulf! area
" rich," Eadliakl, Eadbcrhi, Eadward, Ea
mund, and Eadrie; or of oilf an ''elf,"
.Elfred, .Elfhajg, .Elfric, and ^Ifwine.
course there arc msinyother common elemen
which enter into such names. Many of the
have undergone sad havoc at the hands
hi-torians and latinizers. For example, Goi
gifu, the gift of God, has degenerated int
Godiva ; Eadgith, the name of the Confessor
queen, has taken the forms of Fdith or Edith;
and ^thelthryth, after passing through tl
intermediate stage of Elhelreda, has finall
settled down into Awdrey. A little later, th
Scandinavian colonization introduced a nun
berof new Northern names. Of these, Harol
alone still holds its place; Cniit, Swend, c
Swegen, Tostig, and others of like eharacte
find frequent mention in our history. — 77
Cornhill Magazine.
THE FRIEND.
301
[The following piece was sent for insertion
n our columns by a correspondent, who says :
' A few days ago I was in a very low spot,
and being engaged in putting some things in
order, a scrap of newspaper lying on the floor
attracted my attention, and on examining
carelesfly was surprised to find this beautiful
piece."
It seems to have been comforting to herself,
and she has sent it to us in the hope that some
others " who are fettered, earth-bound and
aweary, can appreciate this little outburst of
" -ng."— Eds.]
SOMEHOW OR OTHER.
Life has a burden for every man's shoulder,
Some may escape from its troubles and care ;
Miss it in youth and 'twill come when we're older
us as close as the garments we wear.
Sorrow comes into our lives uninvited,
Rolibing our hearts of their treasures of song ;
Lovers grow cold and friendships are slighted.
Yet .somehow or other we worry along.
Every-day toil is an every-day blessing.
Though poverty's cottage and crust we may share;
Weak is the back on which burdens are pressing,
But stout is the heart that is strengthened by prayer.
Somehow or other the pathway grows brighter
Just when we mourn there are none to befriend;
Hope in the heart makes the burden seem lighter,
And somehow or other we get to the end.
Selected.
LITTLE R.\G-TAG.
A curly, bright head, and perched upon it
Little rag-tag of a brown sun-bonnet ;
A pair of old shoes forever untied,
Whose soles have holes, whose toes grin wide ;
Come sun or come shade, come sliine or come rain,
To little Rag-Tag it's all the same;
With an air of the most supreme content
She paddles and plays till the day is spent.
Why people complain she never can see,
When God is as good as ever can be.
She talks to herself, and laughs and sings
About the world and its beautiful things ;
But, though He is good to all the rest.
She is very sure that He loves her best.
Oh ! how much better this world would wag
If we all had hearts like little Rag-Tag !
By the Roadside. — As one walks along the
roads in the country, if he is an observant man,
he may learn many lessons of value. The
dwellers along the roadsides may not suspect
that their character may be read very plainly
by the condition of the road in front of their
homes, and the appearance of their surround-
ings. But it is so, and every man has a cer-
tificate of character exhibited at his door, or
bis fence, for the passers-by to re;i "
From " The British Friend.''
Wfek-dny Meetiiiis.
From my earliest childhood (1 am now in
y 64th year), it was my father's practice to
)se his shop in order that his family and
sistants might attend the week-day meet-
gs. 1 believe no pecuniary loss resulted
)in this practice; but am certain of one thing,
at it was a salutary refreshment to mind
id body, and this was also my own experi-
ce during more than twenty years of \n\->\-
IS8 life on my own account. Our late hon-
ed friend, Joseph Sturge, said — ' It was the
ibk-st testimony that could be borne by any
iciety," thus to devote a portion of lime for
Drship during the business hours of the daj-.
loubt, too, whether evening meetings, on the
iiole, would be better attended.
In reading a memoir of James Gough, I find
e following notice of John Ashton, of Kil
niraore, Ireland, in the early ])art of last
Dtury, — " He and his wife were both con-
need at one ni.eting at Birr, through the
)werful ministry of that able and eminent
inister of the Gospel, Thomas Wilson. Com-
g out of that meeting, they said to each
her, — 'The way of everlasting happiness
id been clearly laid down before them, and
ey were resolved to walk in it — come life or
me death ' Not long after, John was thrown
to prison for his Christian testimony against
e oppressive and anti-Christian yoke of
ihes, * * * When at liberty, he with
s wife constantly, twice a week, attended
le meeting at Birr, generally walking on
ot thither, being about seven English miles,
ading through a river on the way, both go-
g and returning. In winter on crossing the
ver, they had the ice to break; and John
,id he had wept to see the blood on his wife's
gs in coming through it. In those days
uth was precious to its professors, who aUo
assessed it; and no diflSculties or dangers
)uld prevent them from getting to their re
gious meetings to enjoy the renewings of
ivine love and life with their brethren."
These worthies proved the truth of the
pestle's words, — " It is good to be zealously
SFected always in a good thing." We cannot
sceive a full blessing wiihout a full surren-
er, and the remedy for our shortcomings lies
1 the whole-hearted dedication and couse-
ration of ourselves to the service of Christ
I will conclude with an extract of a letter
received about twelve months since from a
riraitive Methodist minister in Sussex, in
sference to the duty and privilege of devot-|upo"_
,g a portion of time to similar "purposes,- For instance in summer we may see roadsides
You have also reminded me that my aged i white with the wild carrot or other pestifer-
nd now afflicted mother observed a similar iO"9 weeds.
as if it were printed in the largest type, and
hung up for public inspection upon his front
fence. Actions speak louder than words, and
by our works we shall be judged.
The moral of this little homily is so plain
that nothing further need be said as to its
application. Let every man judge himself by
it however, and not his neighbor. Then some
good may result. And this is the very time
when action in this regard will be most effec-
tive.— Late Paper.
Ihis shows that the owner is
y day sue ciosea ner shop
wenty minutes to worship with her children
nd any customers that might happen to be
ithoshopat the hour of prayer. The neigh-
ors got 10 know her habit and would quietly
rait at the shop door until they were admit-
Bd; this exerted an influence lor good on
hem, and laid principles in us her children
?e cannot easily depart from."
It may be added, that with one exception,
he whole of the twelve surviving children
re engaged in various ways in promoting
he spread of the Eedeemer's Kingdom.
Thy friend sincerely.
John M. Albright.
he is actually injuring the latter's property by
stocking it with weeds, and laying up trouble
for him as well as for himself; also that he is
not a law-abiding, or at least, that he is a
thoughtless citizen, because he observes nei-
ther the written law which, in nearly every
ytate, obliges every owner or occupier of
property to destroy injurious weeds upon his
premi.'^es; nor the unwritten law of justice and
kindness lo his neighbor, which would impel
him to " do as he would be done by." So it
is with everything about his house, the gar-
jdens, the yards, barns, stables, and fields. A
I man's character is set forth by these as plainly
■ Natural History, Science, &c.
R'ldiate Animals of the Indian Ocean. —
Some magnificent Feather-stars (Comatulae)
presented themselves, which I much regretted
could not be preserved in some way. Their
forms were so complicated, however, that
time did not permit of my drawing them with
such accuracy as to be useful for scientific
purposes, and I was not successful in preserv-
ing them entire. One of them was of a rich
carmine, and 6i inches in diameter, breaking
very easily; and even in the fresh seawater
it discharged its color very rapidly, pouring
it out like blood, staining the hand, and
strongly tinging the water ; and itself passing
from carinine to a rich yellow, and thence to
ci-im-on, until nothing was left but a quantity
of dingy fragments, which gave no Indication
of what it had been. A second species was
of a rich olive green, with the distal ends of
the arms white for H inch, the whole diameter
being 9J inches. This splendid specimen did
not show any special inclination to break up,
but discharged its color to some extent into
the water; and in the attempt to dry it, lost
tall.
I have found the directions given for killing
these animals entire quite ineffectual. In the
case of a Comatula which came up on the
anchor in Haitan Straits, I was successful in
preserving a record of it, by drawing and de-
scription ; but upon adding the minute quan-
tity of corrosive sublimate, the animal rapidly
discharged its color, and broke up into minute
fiagments. This species also showed no in-
clination to break itself up while in health,
even when handled ; and, indeed, this peculi-
arity, usually supposed so characteristic of
the feather-stars, is by n') means universal.
Two large sized and remarkably beautiful
specimens of different species, obtained at
Singapore, I handled with impunity without
breaking the smallest portion of them ; but,
unf irtunately (and this well illustrates the
difficulty of doing all one would wish, even un-
der apparently advantageous circumstances),
these specimens were obtained so late in the
day that it was impossible to do anything
with them till daylight reappeared. But,
alas! the bucket which in the evening con-
tained two healthy and splendid feather-stars,
held in the morning only an offensive mass of
small fragments, the color of the water and
of the remains being equally unattractive. —
Collingwood's Naturalid's Rambles.
Stone Wells of Arizona.— A wonderful place
is Tinajae, about thirty miles south-east of
Mission Camp. The mountains have one face
of hard, smooth granite. All the water fall-
ing upon this basin has to flow through nine
tanks, one above the other. The lower tanks
are of easy access, and are often drained of
their contents hymen and animals travelling
between Yuma and Sonora. The upper taiiks
are approached only by circuitous and difiS-
302
THE FRIEND.
cnlt climbing over rocljs. To one standing
below they afford no indication of their exist-
ence, uor does climbing the smooth, steup
mountain side seem possible to one unac-
quainted with the way they do it. In the
upper tanks water has never been known to
fail. To this water conies game of all kinds
in great number from the great waterless
country around Tinajas. Antelope, mountain
sheep and deer of several kinds come in herds.
Rabbits and hares are as plenty as anywhere,
and are pvcy for many coyotes and beautiful
little rock foxes. One would think that all
this game would be thinned out by the Papa-
go Indians who inhabit the countr3'. but
these Indians are superstitious, and avoid
Tinajas with abject horror. Within two miles
of this water are certainly one hundred and
fifty graves, and probably more, each marked
by rows of stones laid in the form of a cross.
Scores of men famished for water have ex-
pended their last strength in reaching Tinajas,
only to find the lower tanks dry, and, ignoraui
of the upper ones, have lain down in despair
to die. The remains have been buried by later
travellers, and the graves marked, Mexican
fashion, by a cross of stones. During the
rush to the gold fields of California, cholera
attacked travellers on the road from Mexico,
as it did American immigrants along the
Platte; pestilence combined with thirst to
produce corp-es at Tiniijas. Recollections of
the bleached bones and grinning skulls pro-
tect the game from Papago arrows and flint-
locks. After passing through its usual fer-
mentation the water becomes clear and pure
as any in the w irll ; it comes from the cl.juds
only, and, flowing into the tanks over insolu-
ble granite, it cairies no mineral matter.
Ever^' heavy rain pours a whirlwind torrent
through the tanks, washing them out to the
very bottom ; no organic matter stays behind.
The number and variety of birds here is mar-
velous, many of ihom appearing to be of new
and undescribed species. At morning and
evening the din of their song, confined by the
sides of the mountains, is almost deafening.
All around Tinajas is the remarkable vegeta-
tion of the desert: near its tanks are many
curious plants nourished by their moisture. —
Arizona Sentinel.
Fishing for Smelts. — On the coast of Maine
smells visit the rivers about the 20lh of De-
cember, and remain almost all winter. For
about two months they take the hook readi-
ly, and are caught in considerable numbers
through holes cut in the ice. Formerl^j^, on
cold days, it was very severe fishing, without
shelter, except by piling up cakes of ice, ever-
green boughs, &G. Last winter one of the
fishermen made a canvas tent, and it proved
so comfortable that it has now become the
universal custom to fish in them. There are
now on the ice, above the bridges, two vil-
lages of these canvas houses, much resembling
an Indian encampment in winter quarters. A
light wooden frame, with a sharp roof, is put
together, and the whole covered with a light
canvas or cotton cloth. In some instances
the covering is painted, the better to resist
the piercing north-west winds. The ordinary
tent is about six feet square; occasionally one
is larger, for two persons. The interior is
provided with a stove and a bench, upon
which the angler sits while fishing. The
whole rests upon runnei's, and can bo easily
moved from place to place. When the fisher-
man reaches the grounds he cuts a hole
through the ice, places his tent over the same,
builds a fire, closes the door, drops his lines
through the hole and waits for bites. Each
man uses four lines. The bait used in this
vicinity is the clam worm, which is found in
the clam flats. The upper end of the line is
fastened to a rack above the fisherman's head,
while the hook is from six to ten feet below
the surfivce. The fisherman sits on his bench
beside the stove and patiently waits for the
fish to bite. There is not much skill in this
kind of angling, for when a smelt takes tlie
hook the motion of the line convej's the fact
to the fisherman, and he quicklj' hauls him
in. The fish bite better on cold, stormy days.
From ten to fifteen pounds is a fair day's
work for one man. — Ledger.
Indian Subscribers.
The last number of " The Council Fire," a
Monthly Journal devoted to the interests of
the Indians of this country, contains the fol-
lowing letter :
" Shoshone and Bannock Agency, \
Wyoming Territory, April 12th, 1879. /
Friend Meacham : — The Arapahoes were so
pleased with their papers, on seeing their
names and hearing articles read, that twenty-
two more came forvvard, unsolicited, and re-
quested me to have the Council Fire sent to
them. Ten paid $1.00 cash, each, to wit: —
Broken Horn, Bill Frid^iy, Bear R )be. Tallow,
Sitting Bear, R'd Hoof, Wolf Travels, Yellow
Bear. Head Warrior, and Bear Creeper.
Gun paid fiftj' cents and a bea I case, and
the following persons being unable to raise
the money send moccasins, sheaths, &c., which
I hope the friends of those who are trying to
help themscdves will be prompt to purchase.
You will find each man's name attached to
his merchandise. Please sell the ii for what
you can, and credit each individual accord-
ingly. Si>me of the things are worth more
than SI. 00. Please return the diff'erence in
change or picture books to the proper person
to my care. Some of the scabbards perhaps
won't sell for SI. 00, — send them Council Fire
to the amount you receive. The following
comprise this list: Broken Hoi'n, moccasins;
Yellow Eye, tobacco pouch ; Medicine Plume,
moccasins; Big Moccasin, moccasins; Yel-
low Owl, moccasins; Slabby Face, scabbard;
Scratcher, scabbard ; Covershisface, scab-
bard ; Little Ant, a little case; Doc, a little
case ; Gets Away, needle case.
The following white men paid me $1.00
each: F. G. Burnett, Lander, Wyo., Chas. J.
Allen, Miner's Delight, Wyo. I think there
area few more here who will send before long.
Is it not astonishing that men will still
figlit for the transfer of the Indians to the
War Department in the face of the protest of
nearly all the Indians who have made some
advancement in civilization, and against the
protest of the greater portion of the Christian
people of the nation ?
Very respectfully,
E. Ballou."
[It is a pleasing illustration of the increasing
civilization of the Indians, that the editor of,
the paper can say he has one hundred and
twenty Indian subscribers to it, from one
agency. Ho states that he had received the
articles referred to in the above letter, and
that thoyare beautiful — the work being done
on elk and buffalo skin, and with thread made
from sinew.]
Does Temperance P,iy f — In the followi
significant facts, submitted by the clerk oft
circuit court of Edwards county, Illinois, t
economy of temperance is strikingly illi
trated :
"There has not been a licensed saloon
this county for over twenty-five years. Dt
ing that time our jail has not averaged ;
occupant. This county never sent but o
person to the penitentiarj-, and that man w
sent up for killing his wife while drunk i
whiskey obtained from a licensed saloon in ;
adjoining county. We have but very fe
paupers in our poorbouse, sometimes on
three or four. Our taxes are 32 per cei
lower than they are in adjoining counti
where saloons are licensed. Our people a
prosperous, peaceable, and sober, there beii
very little drinking, except near Grayville,
licensed town of White county, near our be
der. The different terms of our circuit cou
occupy three or four days each year, and thi
the dockets are cleared. Our people are ,
well satisfied with the present state of thing
that a very large majority of them would b
terly oppose any effort made in favor of li cone
under any circumstances."
Self- Reproach. — As I was driving today, i
advance of me were two coal or coke cart
the drivers of which were sitting listless
upon their loads, quite indifferent to ever
thing but their own ])ersonal diversion, fort
they drove they chatted to one another, <
threw of the contents of their carts at eac]
other. A little girl, taking advantage of the]
carelessness, ran behind one of the carts, am
seizing a large lu-mp of coke, hastily will!
drew. I reproved her for the act, as I drov!
past ; and in my mind followed her home wit
her ill-gained booty, and thought of whji
would be her reception.
The reader may ask, " But whence the sel
reproach?" Why, here: in that 1 had nc
presence of mind, in the event of time or oj
portunity not allowing me to follow her t
her destination, at least to have stepped o
my conveyance, and gently, but earnestly an
faithfully, have remonstrated with the chili
I might have told her of what perhaps st
was ignorant of, even in this land of Bible
that, though the lads in charge of the carl
saw her not, yet that there was One abov
who sees everybody and all things ; and th£
Ho will "bring every work into judgracn
with every secret thing, whether it bo goo
or whether it be evil." Alas! alas! in ho'
many ways do these after-thoughts presec
themselves, reminding me of the numberlef
grounds for self-reproach. — Ep. Recorder.
THE FRIEND.
FIFTH MONTH 3, 1879.
PHILADELPHIA YEARLY MEETING.
(Contiuued from png(^ 295.)
The sitting Third-day, (22nd ult.), was d
cupied in reading and considering the answei
to the Queries. The state of Society as tho
spread before the meeting, evinced seven
weaknesses and shortcomings on the part (
our members, calling forth affectionate coui
sol from concerned brethren, that we migt
individually bo faithful in our allotments.
Among the subjects thus referred to wi
the obligation to attend our religious mee
THE FRIEND.
303
s, and to exercise an earnest travail of soul
rein, for ability to perform Divine worship
ny of the answers to the Queries acisnow-
Iged that some of our members had attend
at places where a hirelinir ministry was
sported. This departure from the ancient
timony of the Society as to the true [ground
Gospel ministry was deprecated, and coun
extended to such as had given way to it.
[n connection wiih the subject of plainness
'speech, behavior and apparel," remarks
re made by several Friends on the impro-
et3' of persons travelling as professed min-
3rs in our Society, who did nut evidence by
jir example in these respects, that they had
3r fully come under the government of the
(ss of Christ in themselves. A caution was
tended against assisting such in their move-
nts, and the belief was expressed that the
adency of their labors was to spread discord
cOng the members.
Earnest and affectionate appeals were made
our members, enpfcially to the younger
es, to submit themselves to the government
Christ. One of those who thus addressed
3 meeting, alluded to his own education as
?riend, t>y parents who endeavored to train
n up in the nurture and admonition of the
rd ; to the unsetllement of mind caused by
3 diversities of opinion and the contention
thin our own borders, so that he was led to
nk of joining in membership with some
i-eligious society ; and to the visitation
Divine love to his soul, by which he was so
ought upon, that the religion of his educa-
became the relii<ion of his conviciion, and
saw it right for him to conform to the plain
pearance ot a consistent Friend.
Those who were in the middle ranks of life
re tenderly exhorted, by one of their own
8, to faithfully perform that share of laboi-
d service which was falling upon them for
3 Church's sake, so that, following in the
(tsieps of those worthies who had gone be
e, they might be able lay down their heads
Deaco.
-'he meeting as a whole may be considered
have been a profitable one, in which some
■ength was granted from the Head of the
urch, to labor for the preservation of its
hers from evil influences, and for stirring
em up to greater faithfulness and dedication
heart, wnich were evidently needed. It
,8 comforting and strengthening renewedly
iSee, that as those were being removed from
rks to rewards who had long borne the
rthen and heat of the day, there were others
paring to take their places in the militant
lurch ; and a degree of faith was revived,
at the Lord would not sutfer his glorious
use to be without its advocates and do-
bders in the earth.
On Fourth-day, the 23rd ult., the first sub-
t taken up was the report of the Yearly
acting's Committee on Education, which
d been engaged in endeavoring by advice
d pecuniary assistance where needful, to
ovide family and other schools taught by
mbers, for the instruction of our children,
leir labors were satisfactory. A committee
appointed to nominate Friends to per-
m a similar service during the coming year;
d the Yearl}' Meeting appropriated S1200
be used at their discretion for educational
rposes.
A question of discipline, brought up from
iladelphia Quarterly Meeting, as to where
e right of membership belongs, of an infant
whose parents were members of different
Monthly Meetings, was referred to a com-
mittee.
The Reports from the Quarterly Meetings
on Education, showed the whole number of
children of school age within our limits to bo
893, which is 36 less than last year, of whom
about three-fourths were being educated under
the teachership of members of our Society.
A concern for the right training of our chil-
dren, as to school education, and in all other
respects, so that they might truly be brought
up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord,
took deep hold of the meeting, and earnest
exhortation was given to parents to dwell
under that religious concern which would
qualify them for the responsi'de duties of their
position. The duty of restrnning as well as
advising the young was forciblj' presented by
some who expre-sed their thankfulness that
their own fathers and mothers had so dealt
with them in the days of their childhood.
A pi'oposition to resume the correspondi-nce
vhich had long been suspended with Ohio
Yearly Meeting, was met by an expression of
unity from many. Others were not prepared
to take that s;ep at this time. Of this latter
class, some expressed their unqualified unity
with the bod}- to which it was proposed to
send the epistle, believing that the separation
in Ohio had been made in the interests of
modified Quakerism, and that this was cor-
roborated by the developments which had
since taken place in that country, — official
avowal having recently been made of doc-
trines at variance with our principles, by
meetings connected with those who separated
under the clerkship of Jonathan Binns. Re-
ference was made to those members of <»// the
Yeaily Meetings who retained their attach-
ment to our original doctrines and usages,
and a desire was manifested to do nothing
which would in anywise discourage these, or
close the way for our exerting an influence to
helpand strengthen them. Someof our mem-
bers believed that the proposed correspond-
ence would be a step in the direction of open-
ing the door for the extension of that help and
sympathy to our brethren, which had long
found but little room to manifest itself. Some
thought that when correspondence was re-
newed, it should be in a more general way.
Amid the variety of views thus called forth,
it was evident the meeting as a whole was not
prepared to move forward at this tim-\ No
disposition was manifested to press points un-
duly, and after a free, interesting, and dispas-
sionate comparison of sentiments, the meeting
passed from the subject. It may be noted, as
an indication of the prevailing feeling among
us, that whatever may have been the opinion
on this point of some of its members, no one
expressed unity with that body in Ohio, which
Phdadelphia Yearly Meeting, more than 20
years ago declined to r^-'COguizo.
Fifth day, 24th ult. A meeting for worship
was held in the forenoon, according to usual
custom, in three of the meetinghouses of
Friends in the city. In the sitting for busi-
ness in the afternoon, the first subject that
claimed attention was that of spirituous li-
quors. The reports from the Quarterly Meet-
ings showed that thirty-five of our members
had used them as a drink during the year —
the most of these only occasionall}^. The
number reported the previous year was forty-
two. This diminution was felt to be encour-
aging, and subordinate meetings were again
recommended to use faithful e€"ortsin dissuad-
ing their members from continuing this prac-
tice.
The evil effect of the kindred habit of using
tobacco, was referred to by several Friends,
but the subject was not fully entered upon.
One cause of this probably was, the fear (for
which there were some grounds) lest the dig-
nity of the meeting, and consequently the Di-
vine authority which alone could give weight
and value to its decisions, should be dissipated
by ill-advised remarks.
The report of the Indian Committee was
unusually interesting. The working of the
school at Tunesassa, and the efforts used by
its officers to promote the moral and intellec-
tual progress of the Indians, were satisfactory.
Reference was made to the political disputes
among those people as to the Presidmcy of
their nation, and to the neCL'Ssity of having a
competent and trustworthy man to super-
intend for them the leases of the villages, au-
thorized by act of Congress. The Commit-
tee's labors were fully approved bv the meet-
ing, and an appropriation of SIOOO made out
of the common stock for their use.
Sixth-day, 25th ult. The principal business
that was trausactel in this, the closing ses-
sion, was the appointment of a new coin nittee
to have charge of the Boarding School at
Westtown, and of one on Education ; the
adoption of the report from the Friends ap-
pointed to examine the Treasurc-r's account,
who proposed the raising of §3500, which
with ?2200 previously directed by the Yearly
Meeting, makes S5700 for the coming year;
and the adoption of the report of the Com-
mittee on the membership of Infants, who
proposed that where the father and mother
of a child were members of different Monthly
Meetings at the time of its birth, its name
should be entered on the register of the meet-
ing to which its mother belonged. A Friend
proposed for consideration, the propriety of
issuing a general Epistle to Friends every-
where—but way did not open to enter upon
the service at this time.
The committee to assist the clerk in pre-
paring a minute expressive of the exercise of
the meeting whilst considering the answers
to the Queries produced one which appeared
to be quite satisfactory to Friends. This re-
ferred to the deficiencies brought forward in
the reports from the Quarterly Meetings;
and expressed the conviction, that in propor-
tion as our members individually were brought
under earnest concern for their salvation, and
became of the number who are hungering
and thirsting after righteousness, these defects
would disappear. Our various testimonies
wore stated to be the out-growth of true and
vital religion ; and this if allowed to operate,
would produce the same fruits in us as in our
early Friends. It would lead to the diligent
assembling for Divine worship, to a fervent
exercise in the meetings for spiritual food, to
the avoidance of all breach of our testimony
to the character of true Gospel ministry, to
"plainness of spei>ch, behavior and apparel,"
to an upright walk in all the business rela-
tions of life, and to a care not to involve others
in a loss or risk on our account. The minute
referred to the comfort which had been felt
from the presence of a number of our young
Friends who had recently put on the plain
apparel peculiar to our Society, and whose
behavior was consistent with their appear-
ance ; and the desire was expressed, that none
3U4
THE FRIEND.
might be turned aside from yielding to tlieir
own convictions in this reRpect, by the ex-
ample of those professing to be ministers of
the Gospel, whose appearance did not indicate
full submission to the restraints of the cross.
Several Friends were engaged in earnest
and loving exhortation to different classes
present, and thanks were offered to the Lord
for His preserving care and gracious help dur
iug the several sittings of the meeting. A
sweet and solemn quiet, with whitdi we have
often been favored at such seasons, ami which
is better than any words, overspread the as
sembly, and under this covering the concluJ
ing minute was read.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— The U. S. Senate parsed the army
appropriation bill on the 2oth ult. It now goes to the
President for his consideration. The legislative ap
propriation bill passed the House on the 26th ult., by ;
party voteof 140 to 118.
The President issued a proclamation on the 26th
warning all trespassers from the Indian Territory.
The Post-office Department has approved a design foi
the new international two cent postal card provided for
by the Universal Postal Union, and the recent act of
Congress.
The quantity of logs and .sawed lumber lying along
the upper waters of the Delaware, is said to be the
largest since 1873.
The total number of visitors at the Zoological Garden
during the past year was 230,739, which is 76,986 in-
crease on the previous year. The receipts were $49,-
258.14.
The New York Bible Society distributed 89,854
volumes last year.
In 1856 the translation of the Bible into the Russian
language w.is begun ; and completed in 1877. The first
edition of 24,000 copies was exhausted last year.
The Colorado State Board of Equalization places the
value of the 1218 miles of railroad in the State at $7,-
687,4-58, an increase of $2,712,383 over last year.
A meeting was held in Boston on the 24th ult., at
■which steps were taken for the relief of colored immi-
grants to Kansas. An organization has also been
formed in this city with the same object in view.
On the morning of the 23rd ult., a portion of a coil
mine of the Lehigh and VVilkesbarre Coal Co., at Sugar
Notch, caved in, imprisoning six men and one boy.
Two hundred men were immediately set at work to
rescue the prisoners, and after five and a half days
work, succeeded in getting them out alive.
Heavy rains have fallen in Texas within a few days,
causing serious floods. In Houston, on the 25th, the
water rose to a depth of four to ten feet in the streets,
flooding buildings and driving many familias from their
houses.
The number of deaths in Philadelphia for the week
ending on the 26th ult., was 311. Of these 195 were
adults and 116 children.
The returns to the Department of Agriculture, for
the Fourth month, show that the average of winter
wheat is about IV per cent, greater than last year. The
wheat in the ground, taken as a whole, is about 2 per
cent, below average.
Markets, &C.—U. S. sixes, 1881, 106| ; 5's, registered,
103,! ; coupon, 104| ; U per cents, 106J ; 4 per cents,
lOlJ.
Cotton. — Sales of middlings at 11;| a 12^ cts. per lb.
for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum.— Crude 7 J a 8 cts. in bbl.s, and standard
white, 8;^ cts. for export, and 9J a 10 cts. per gallon for
home use. Lard oil, 48 a 49 cts, ; Linseed, 59 a 60 cts.;
sperm, crude, 82 cts., bleached winter, 97 cts. a $1.00 ;
neatsfoot, prime, 75 cts. per gallon.
Fresh Fruits. —Apples continue dull. Baldwins
$2.35 a $2.-50; choice Greenings, $3; Rox Russets]
»2.20 a $2.35 per barrel. Strawberries, 30 a 40 cts. per
quart.
Flour.— The market is fairly active and firm for
choice grades. Minnesota extra, *4.50 a $4.75 ; Penna ,
$4.75 a $5.12.1 ; western, $6.25 a $5.50 ; patent and
oUier high grades, $6.25 a $7.50. Rye flour, $2.75 a
Grain.— Wheat active and higher— western red, $1.11
a $1.14; Penna. and southern amber, $1.14 a *1 15
Corn, 42 'i a 44 cts. Oats, rai.Ked, 32 a 32.! cts ■ white
33 a 35 cts. " ' '
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 70 a 80 cts. per 100
pounds ; mixed, 55 a 65 cts. ; straw, 85 cts. a $1 per 100
pounds.
Beef cattle. — The market about the same as last week.
Extra, 6 cts. ; medium, 5 a 5| cts. ; common, 4 a 41 cts.
Cows and calves, $25 a $35 per head. Sheep, 5 a 61-
cts. per lb. as to quality. Hogs, extra, 6i cts. ; good, 6
cts.; medium, 5J cts., and common, 5 cts.
Notice is given by the cable company in New York,
that code and cipher messages m.ay now be accepted for
Foreign. — Recent intelligence from South Africa,
give particulars of additional battles between the British
and Zulus. The natives in all cases being defeated and
many slain. Lord Chelmsford had succeeded in re-
moving the garrison from Ekowe, which place was
secured by the Zulus soon after its evacuation.
Dispatches from India state that negotiations con-
tinue between the Ameer of Afghanistan and the British
commander ; and it is hoped they may agree upon terms
of settlement without further fighting.
In St. Petersburg, one house after another is searched
at night, and everyone whose passport is found irregu-
lar is arrested ; two thousand persons have been arrested
within a few days, and assassinations and murders con-
tinue to be reported.
Thecostof elementary instruction in Prussia amounts
lo $3,100,000 annually; the sum being covered by
eleven and a half millions of marks from property and
legacies, five and a third millions from State subven-
tions, and the balance from communal grants. Gratui-
tous instruction is given in seventeen out of the sixty
towns in Prussia, which count over 20,000 inhabitants.
The population of Roumania is estimated at five and
a half millions. The religion is Greek-orthodox. The
.Jews are numerous, and there are about 14,000 Pro-
testants. All Roumanian males between the ages of 21
and 46, are liable to four years of active military ser-
vice. The public debt is about five million franco.
Roumania exports grain, valued at one hundred and
five million francs, and imports cotton goods from Eng-
land valued at fifteen million francs. Agricultural im-
plements and machinery are imported from Germany
and Austria.
The semi-annual report of the foreign commerce and
trade of the Empire of Japan, states the imports for
that period amounted to about $15,000,000, and the ex-
ports to $14,000,000. Of specie and bullion there were
exported over $3,000,000, while less than half that sum
imported. On the whole, the report of the foreign
merce of .Japan is moderately encouraging. The
exports have increased, proportionately, more than the
■ nports, compared with the previous six month's re-
ports.
San Domingo advices to the 10th ult., say trade is
paralyzed by the news of the German import tax on
tobacco. Germany is the principal consumer of Do-
mingo tob.acco, which being of common quality, cannot
stand a heavy tax.
Our Minister to Mexico gives information to the De-
partment of State, of a great surplus of labor of all kinds
in Mexico. He discourages in an emphatic manner,
the idea thatemployment can be found here by persons
from the United States, either in manual or intellectual
pursuits. He describes the distressing condition in
hich such persons, teachers and clerks especially, find
themselves after their fruitless search for situations.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS,
anted a teacher for the Girls' School. Application
may be made to
John W. Biddle, No. 726 Buttonwood St.
Ephraim Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebecca W. Kite, No. 459 North Fifth St.
Hannah Evans, No. 322 Union St.
WESTTOVVN BOARDING SCHOOL.
Nurse is w.anted for the Boys' Department, to
enter on her dutiei at the beginning of the Summer
.session. Application may be made to
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Chester Co., Pa.
Susarma F. Sharpless, Street Road, '
Deborah Rhoads, Haddon field. New .Jersey.
Elizabeth R. Evani?, 322 Union St., Philada.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Ifear Fmnkford, [Tmntij-lhird Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and .Superintendent-JonN C.Hall, M.D.
Applicitions for the Admission of Patients may be
iiade to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board of
managers.
WESTTOWN BO.^RDING SCHOOL.
The Summer Session of the School will comm|(
on Second-day the 5th of Fifth month. I
Pupils who have been regularly entered and wh'
by the cars from Philadelphia, can obtain tickets a
depot of the West Chester and Philadelphia Bailii
I corner of Thirty-first and Chestnut streets, by gi i
: their names to the Ticket-agent there, who is furni !
with a list of the pupils for that purpose. In such |
the passage, including the stage fare from the Rail;,
I Station, will be charged at tlie School, to be pal<li
with the other incidental charges at the clo=ie nf |
term. Tickets can also be obtained of the Trea^ii'
304 Arch street. Conveyances will be at theSxR.
Road Station on Second and Third-d.ays, the 5ih
6th of the mouth, to meet the trains that leave Pb
delphia at 7.45 and 10 A. M., 12.30 .and 2.30 p. M.
Baggige may be left either at Thirty-first and Ch
nut streets or at Eighteenth and Market. If left at
latter place, it must be put under the care of H. A.
ander & Son, who will convey it thence to Thirty-;
and Che.stnut at a charge of 10 cents per trunk, tc
paid to them. Tho.se who prefer can have their 1
gage sent for to any place in the built-up part of
City, by sending word on the day previous ( through
post-office or otherwise) to H. Alexander & Son, X,
corner of 18th and Market Sts. Their charge in si
case for taking baggage to Thirty-first and Cliest
streets, will be 25 cents per trunk. For the same cha
they will also collect baggage from the other rail
depots, if the checks are left at their office corner of
and Market Sts. Baggage put under their care, if
perly marked, will not require any attention fron
owners, either at the West Philadelphia depot, (
the Street Road Station, but will be forwarded direc
the School. It may not always go on the same train
the owner, but it will go on the same day, provided
notice to H. Alexander & Son reaches them in time
During the Session, passengers for the School ¥
be met at the Street Road Station, on the arrival of
first train from the City, every day except First-da;
and small packages for the pupils, if left at Frieri
Book Store, No. 304 Arch street, will be forward
every Sixth-day at 12 o'clock.
Fourth month 22nd, 1879.
Died, at her residence in Media, Delaware Co., I
on Seventh-day, 12th mo. 14th, 1878, Jane P. Jon
in the 71st year of her age, a member of Media P
ticular and Chester Monthly Meeting. Her frier
and relatives have the consoling belief that her e
was peace.
, at Trenton, N. J., 4th mo. 19th, 1879, Ma.
Ann, wife of Isaac Heulings, in the 62nd year of 1
age, a aiember of Trenton Particular and Chesterfit
Monthly Meeting of Friends. " The meek will I
guide in judgment, and the meek will He teach 1
way."
, 3rd mo. 29th, 1879, at the residence of h:
father, near Kennett Square, Chester Co., Pa., Abe
T., daughter of Robert L. and the l.ate Sarah S. Waltf
in the 22d year of her age, a member of New Ga
Particular and Monthly Meeting of Friends. H
affectionate disposition and innocent life endeared 1
to a large circle of relatives and friends, to whom l
was ii good example in the attendance of her religio'
meetings, as well as in her daily walk and convers
tion; giving evidence from time to time of her conce
that her day's work might ba done in the day tim
Near the end of life she spoke with condemnation
some departures in her childhood from that which w'
right in the sight of her Heavenly Father, savin'
" This has given me the most trouble." Before In
close, however, she was favored to experience, thiouj
redeeming love and mercy, a sense of acceptance ar
reconciliation. In taking leave of the family about he
which was done with much calmne.ss and resignatio
she said to her father that he was the strongest lie, .ar
added, but " I have had the arm of Divine Power
support me. I am now going to rest and to ray dei
mamma.'' To a beloved cousin, she remarked, '' No
I have given up every thing. I want you all to be go(
and look to Him who alone can guide you." Her la
words, uttered with almost her latest breath, wer
" Happy, happy, happy ;" and her purified spir
passed away as one falling into sweet sleep. " Blesse
are the pure in heart for they shall see God."
, at Ids residence, in Flushing, Ohio, 4th m.
24th, 1879, Isaac Mitchell, in the 75lh year of h
age, a much e-iteemed raembi(r and elder of Flushin
Monthly Meeting.
WILL^M H.~p7LErTRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
70L. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIFTH MONTH 10,
NO. 39.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ee, if paid in advance, S2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Po-!tage on those sent by mail.
Sabscrfpttons and Paxraents recttied by
JOHN S. STOKES,
! so. 116 SORTH POnRTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADBLFHIA.
.The FrienJ.'
Lellfrs of James Emleu.
4. valued correspondent has sent to us some
tracts from letters written by our late dear
bnd .Tames Emien, who deceased the 23d of
Lb mo. 1866.
irhe Friend to whom they were originally
iire.«sed,says: "In reading them over lately,
Beenied to me some poor tried minds might
comforted and encouraged by them, and
it they might also prove a watchword to
lers. Surely, he was a nursing father in the
'uth."
iWilh this last expression, many still living
1 cordially unite, who have partaken of his
insel and encouragement, or caulionar^-
yice. The remembrance of one suoh ocea-
n, at this time freshly revives in the mind
ithe writer. An unpleasant duty had been
d upon him, which it was greatly in the
)8s to his own inclinations to perform,
mes Emlen's mind was dipped into sympa-
y with him; and he sent or handed him a
tie scrap of rough paper, on which one or
o sentences had been written with a lead-
ncil. Though more than thirty years have
,psed, the gush of tender feeling and heaven-
sweetness that accompanied the reading
those sentences, is still impressed on the
sraory.
We have often remembered with instruc-
n his remark to one who was greatly- en-
ding and often contritod in the reading of
3 " Friends' Library," which was then being
ued in monthly numbers. This enjoyment
d tenderness of spirit, he intimated, were
)ountymoney," which our Heavenly Father
pleased to dispense to the j'oung and inex-
riencod, to give them a little taste of the
od things He has in store for his faithful
•vants; and to encourage them to enter into
! service, and labor therein. But after a
ne, they would find that they would have
o work for their wages." His own experi-
ce was in accordance with this. For several
ars after ho had yielded up his heart to the
vernment of the Spirit of Christ, he was in
■emarkably tender condition ; but the time
me in which other food was dispensed, and
had to learn how to want as well as how
abound.
The extracts from the letters follow :
"4th mo. 8th, 1851, * * * * I have
;en bad reason to think, that the baptisms
at are needful for almost any important
ilion in the church of Christ, but especially
for those of minister and elder, must be very
similar; and therefore I am not surprised that
we should all be prepared for our proper
places under the discipline of many doubts
and fears and of much carefulness. The effect
of these must be, if we do not yield to im-
proper discouragement and distrust, to deepen
our foundation, ai it is said, 'Dig deep and
lay the foundation upon the rock,' for ' we
are made partakers of Christ if we hold fast
the beginning of our confidence steadfast unto
the end :' and although it is permitted and or-
dained that our salvation should be wrought
out ' with fear and trembling,' yet in the end
' the work of righteousness will bo peace, and
the effect of righteousness quietness and as-
surance forever.' I hope thou wilt not be
unduly discouraged by the doubts and fears
and misgivings that have assailed, and possi-
bl}' may continue to assail. Of one thing I
have little doubt, that all who are rightly
called into the ministry', will first be instruct-
ed to see and to feel that of themselves, they
can know and do nothing. This weans from
all dependence upon ourselves and prepares
the humbled mind to have 'faith in Cdrist' —
that although with the poor centurion we can
adopt the language ' 1 am not worthy thai
thou should come under my roof, neither
thotight I myself worthy to come unto thee,
yet speak the word only, and my servant shall
be healed' — a very humble view of himself,
but such confidence in Christ as to gain for
him the encouraging language, ' I have not
found so great faith, no not in Israel.' There-
fore however thou mayest be brought to dis-
trust thyself, suffer not this to weaken thy
confidence in Him, who, I trust, in his own
time will make thy way plain before thee.
In reference to the opportunity at J. Newlin's,
the language I used was that addressed by
Paul to the elders and teachers in his day, ' It
is more blessed to give than to receive,' and
he quotes it as, ' the words of the L ird Jesus.'
Acts XX. 35. I thought at the time I was
permitted to partake with thee in a feeling of
that sweet peace which is the reward of dedi-
cation to apprehended duty — the blessed
effects of giving even the ' widow's mite.' It
seemed as though the little offering savored
the precious life, which is more to be prized
with but few words, than much expression
without this — indeed I can say, I have a very
friendly feeling lor a brief and livelj' ministry ;
and in this view of the subject, no one has
any occasion to plead"their lack of eloquence
and their stammering tongue, for it is not so
much the words, how good, or how many, but
how lively — feeding the hungry with the true
bread, and not with pictures and descriptions
and dry doctrines — nay, is it not true that
even 'a word, filly spokea, is like apples of
gold in pictures of silver ;' and I have not any
doubt but the time will come when a very few
words, with right weight and authority, will
be more valued than much eloquence without
this. The rehearsal of a text with right au-
jthority, may have the effect to gather an as-
isembly unto Christ, the invisible teacher, and
[to settle them tspon Him and upon his teach-
I ings, which is all any minister should desire —
so that the calling, if rightly understood, is a
very simple one, if we are onlj' careful to sup-
I press every desire either to exceed or fall
short of what is given us in the life. My im-
pression has long been (though without refer-
ence to th^^ appearances in public) that thou
hadst more to contend with from undue dis-
couragement, than from over confidence, and
if this is a weak point with thee, no doubt
the enemy will avail himself of it, and it re-
quire a double watch. It is the altar that
sanctifies the gift, and if the heart is really
changed, and humility and love fell to abound
there, thy offerings, whatever they may be,
will no doubt be accepted, and thou wilt be
sensible of it by the incomes of peace. If the
scattering be followed by an increase of solid
religious experience, it must be supposed to
be of the right kind. If thy religious exer-
cises obtain relief in some other way, thou
wilt feel sensible of this also, and will no doubt
be content and thankful.
"It has felt to be a serious thing to me to
write to thee with so much freedom, on the
occasion; bat I hope if an^' part of what I
have written seems to be uncalled for, thou
wilt not be hurt by it."
The day of Pentecost wrought great changes
in the character of the apostles, and manifests
the same elements in the hearts of true min-
isters everywhere. First, it imparted to the
apostles a high degree of moral courage.
Their timidity was changed to bravery. They
no longer fled from persecutors or assailants;
but, standing in the temple, proclaimed the
power and the glory of the Lord Jesus. They
feared neither prisons nor death, though their
preaching necessarily aroused the strong an-
tagonism of the Jewish authorities. 'They
proclaimed him to be pure and spotless whom
they had crucified as a malefactor. No mar-
vel that the Jewish council said : " Ye intend
to bring his blood upon our heads." Keproved,
and even scourged, they received the punish-
ment with joy that they were " counted wor-
thj' to suffer for the Lord Jesus." Imprisoned
for the night, they spake as boldly the next
morning, and men were astonished when they
saw their heroic firmness in giving their tes-
timony to the truth. It is supposed that all
of them but one suffered a violent death for
their attachment to Christ. The clear con-
viction of his divine mission still gives the
minister a foundation for his heroism. He
hears the voice which said to Abraham : " I
am the Almighty God; walk before me, and
be thou perfect." The same conviction of
duty which sent the patriarch from Mesopo-
tamia to Canaan, which sent the prophets on
a holy mission, and inspired the heroes of
Israel, works in the heart of the true min-
ister.
306
THE FRIEND.
— j
with ; take them away and give us sometlji
better in exchange.'
" Another means of getting rid of ser]icj|
venomous insects, and vermin, is made iif
by the Bulgarians on the last day of Febru
it consists in beating copper pans all over
houses, calling out at the same time, '
with you, serpents, scorpions, fleas, bu--*,
flies !' A pan held by a pair of tongs is
outside in the courtyard.
(To be conclcdod)
For " The Friend "
Turkish Superstitions.
One of the books recently issued in London
is "The People of Turkey," being an account
of the customs and character of tnese people,
as seen by "a consul's daughter and wife,"
who had resided for twentj' years among
them.
As the superstitious which largely prevail
in semi-civilized countries exercise an im-
portant influence over the habits and mode of
life of the different races residing in the Sultan's
dominions, some passages have been selected
from the book illustrating this subject: —
"Magic plays a great part in Turkish af-
fail's. Christians and Moslems, Greeks and
Bulgarians, Turks and Albanians, implicitly
believe in the power possessed by evil-minded
persons of casting spells upon their enemies
or rivals, and extraordinary means are re-
sorted to with a view to removing the baneful
influence.
" Most of the spells cast upon persons are
aimed at life, beauty, wealth, and the affec-
tions. The}' are much dreaded, andthe events
connected with this subject that daUy occur
are often of a fatal character. A Turkish
lady, however high her position, invariably
attributes to the influence of magic the neglect
she experiences from her husband, or the be-
stowal of his fixvor on other wives. Every
Hanoum I have known would go down to the
laundry regularly and rinse with her own
hands her husband's clothes after the wash,
fearing that if any of her slaves performed
this duty she would have the power of casting
spells to supplant her in her husband's good
graces. Worried and tormented by these
fears, she is never allowed the comfort of en-
joying in peace that conjugal happiness which
mutual confidence alone can give. A buyu
boghcha (or magic bundle) may at any time
be cast upon her, cooling her affection for her
in that of any other nation, though Chris-
tians, Jews, and even some Franks regard it as
a real misfortune. It is supposed to be cast by
some envious or malicious person, and sick-
ness, death, and loss of beauty, affection, and
wealth are ascribed to it. Often when pay-
ing visits of condolence to Turkish harems, I
have heard them attribute the loss they have
sustained to the Nazar. 1 knew a beautiful
girl, who was entirely blinded and disfigured
by small-pox, attribute her misfortune to one
of her rivals, who, envying in her the charms
she did not herself possess, used to look at
her wilh the peculiar fena guz (bad expres
sion) so much dreaded by Turkish women
When the misfortune happened the ignorant
mother, instead of reproaching herself for het-
neglect in not having had her daughter vacci
nated, lamented her want of foresight in hav
omitted to supply her with the charms
and amulets that would have averted th
calamity.
A lady who had lost a beautiful and valu-
able ring that had attracted the attention of
an envious acquaintance, when relating to
me the circumstance with great pathos, at
tribuled her loss solely to the evil eye cast
upon it by her friend.
I knew a lady at Broussa whose eye was
so dreaded as to induce her friends to fu
gate their houses after she had paid thee
visit. She happened to call upon ray mother
one evening when wo were sitting under a
splendid weeping willow-tree in the garden.
She looked up and observed that she had
never seen a finer tree of its kind. My old
nurse standing by heard her observation, and
no sooner had our visitor departed than she
suggested that some garlic should at once be
hung upon it or it would surely come to grief.
We all naturally ridiculed the idea, but as
chance would have it, that very night a storm
uprooted the willow. After this catastropi
, cooling her affection for her the old woman took to hanging garlic every-
husband, or turning his love away from her. I where, and would have ornamented me with
The blow may come from an envious mother
in-law, a scheming rival, or from the very
slaves of whose services the couple stand dailj'
in need. A relative of Sultan Abdul-Medjid
t had I not rebe
" Croup is cured by amulets procured fror
the Hodjas and hung round the neck of the
child, 'i'urkish women have often assured mo
assured me that on the death of that gentle that this remedy is never known to fail, and
and harmless Padishah, no fewer than fifty ; consequently they resort to no other. Square
buyu boghchas were found hidden in the re-jpiecesof paper, bearing written inscriptions,
cesses of his sofa. All these were cast upon [are given for a few paistres by learned Hodjus
the unfortunate sovereign by the beauties [to persons whose dwellings are infested witi
who, appreciated for a short time and then [vermin. These are nailed on the four walls
superseded by fresh favorites, tried each to [of an apartment, and are believed to have the
perpjjtuate her dominion over him. power of clearing it of its obnoxious tenants
" The buyu boghcha is composed of a number
of incongruous objects, such as human bones,
hair, charcoal, earth, besides a portion of the
intended victim's garment, &c., tied up in a
rag. When it is aimed at the life of a person,
it is supposed to represent hi^ heart, and is
studded with forty-one needle's, intended to
act in a direct manner and finally cause his
death. Two of these bundles of a loss destruc-
tive nature were thrown into my house ; on
another occasion two hedgehogs, also con-
sidered instruments of magic and forerunners
of evil, were cast in. All these dreaded mach-
inations had, however, no other effect on me
beyond exciting my curiosity to know their
perpetrator; but they occasioned gi-eat fear
to my native servants, who were continually
expecting some fatal calamity to iiap|)en in
consequence.
Belief in the evil eye is perhnps more
deeply rooted in the mind of the Turk than I — 'Hero
Going into the room of one of my servants
one day at Adrianople, I found a cucumbe
boat occupying each corner. On inquiring
why they were placed there, an old servant
answered that, being inconvenienced by the
too plentiful visitation of vermin, she had ap-
pealed to a person at Kyik, whose magical
influence, conveyed in cucumbers, was stated
to bo infallible in driving the creatures away.
I tried to analyse the contents of these re-
ceptacles, but finding them a mess composed
of charcoal, bones, bits of written paper, hair,
&c., I soon desisted, hoping that it would
prove more efficacious than it promised.
" The Bulgarian remedy for this pest, al-
though simpler in form, can hardly be more
effective. It consists of a few of these insects
being caught on the 1st of March, enclosed in
a reed, and taken to the butcher, their cre-
dentials boing couched in the following terms :
1, hero is blood, for you to dea
Tile Strange Assertion.
" I have come to one conclusion," s
B., to her son ; " I will pray for you nolongt
Let us inquire into the circumstances t
gave rise to such strange language.
Dr. B., of Gosport, Hampshire, had a la
family, mostlysons, who, at tho time we w
of, had grown up to bo fine stalwart you
and j'oung men. One of these had unfoi
nately fallen into dissipated habits, and
the prodigal son, wasted his substance
riotous living. Health, character, tompc
interests and spiritual interest, were all sa^
ficed at the shrine of vice. The admonitii
of his father and the entreaties of his mott
were of no more avail than the call of
Gospel and the prickings of conscience,
wean him from his evil courses. More tl
once Dr. B. set out in search of his poor e
ing boy when missing, to find him in some
the lowest haunts of the neighborhood, re\
ing in the society of abandoned characte
All the time the sorrowing parents were ci
tinually bringing his case in prayer to 1
throne of grace. But matters grew woi
and worse. It was at such a juncture tl
the above startling expression was i
startling because seemingly unnatural foi
mother — a Christian mother.
For some days previous, a mysterious gloc
oppressed her spirit, for the power of prayi
concerning her son, was taken away, so th
she could no longer supplicate the Lord
his behalf. Reading his doom in that of El
sons, who would not be restrained, becau
the Lord would slay them, she felt compelh
to bow before the secret will of God; thoug
in her apprehension, that will dashed
hopes to the ground. With that awful tru
on her mind, " he that, being often re])rove
hardeneth his neck, shall suddenly be d
stroyed, and that without remedy," the d
tressed mother one day called her son into
room apart, and there told him all her heai
After laying before him tho disgrace and tro
ble brought upon tho family hy his liceuliou
ness, she said that a greater grief to his fath'
and herself was the wickedness of his condu
in the sight of God, who would ren<ier to ever
one according to his works. "You know
she wont on to say, while her eyes rainc
tears of sorrow and pity, "how we have r'
monstratod with you, warned you, advise
you, and endeavored to allure you into tt'
paths of rectitude; but you have turned'
deaf oar to all our persuasions. You knol
how constantly and earnestly we have praye'
for you ; but the Lord has not been pleasej
to grant our petition. And now I have com
to one conclusion — 1 will pray for you n
longer !"
' Retract that expression, mother!" oj
claimed tho son.
I cannot," was the answer.
I beseech you, retract that expression I'
I cannot ; I dare not!" . i
THE FRIEND.
307
Lstoiiishment and exasperation seemed to
rk his countenance a", after a pause, he
nt hastily out of the room, violently slani-
ig the door behind biin.
jet us leave the afllicted mother for awhile,
[follow him up to his own chamber. There
flings himself upon the floor, and burying
face in his arms, lies prostrate in deep
mce, broken only bj' occasional mutterings
lisjointed sentences of bitter words which
T and anon escaped involuntarily from his
3, revealing an agony of mental distress.
lOSt ! lost !" " Given up by my own mo-
>,•!" "Mercy, Lor.l, mercy I" "Alone,
Lhout a friend!" 'Oh, what blackness of
rkness I" Such were bis passionate excla-
.tions. And now ho begins to feel that he
jlone with God. Laden with sins, the con-
ousnessof the fact fills him wiih awe. Yet,
t of the great black cloud that overshadows
n, a tiny ray of hope glances and catches
i eye of his mind. The character of God,
irciful and gracious, as revealed in the Gos
I of Christ, comes to his remembrance. Bui
3 enormity of his guilt presents itself, and
ain he is involved in gloom. Still the re
llection of that short glimp-<e of light ro
kins. He has seen whence deliverance must
me, if it came at all. Oa the ground of
itice, he is lost; on the ground of mercy
)ne there is hope. But is he not beyond
e reach of mercy ? How long his rebellion !
iw wilful his obstinacy I how desperate his
ickedness ! Yet has not liie Lord said, " Let
e wicked forsake his way, and the unrighl-
us man his thoughts: and let him return
ito the Lord, and He will have mercy upon
m : and to our God, for He will abundantly
irdon ?" And did not the penitent publican
itain mercy? Did not Christ come into the
orld to save sinners? Cannot His blood
cause from all sin ?
Thus despair and hope fought together in
IS soul, making it like the battle ground of
)ntending armies. Just as from a corn of
heat the blade springs up, we know not how,
> in that heart, from the incorruptible seed
f the Word, a hope of salvation grew in
,rength and confidence, because nourished
y the invisible power of the Holy Ghost,
■radually, and yet rapidlj', the thick cloud of
is transgressions was dispersed by the glad
earns of the Sun of Righteousness, which had
isen upon his soul with healing in his wings.
'he gracious invitations of tlie Gospel, the
recious promises of God to returning back-
liders, Christ's declarations of his willing-
ess to receive and ability to saveeverj' com-
ag sinner, kept falling upon his mind from
.bove, like rain upon the parched ground,
mlil he could no longer doubt, and his spirit
ejoiced in God his Saviour. The " garment
if praise was given to him for the spirit of
leaviness, and the oil of joy for mourning,'
ind his heart language was, "Into Thine
lands, O Lord, I commit my spirit : Thou
last redeemed me, O Lord God of truth."
When his mother received from him the
issurance that "God has shown me my wick-
sdness and folly, and He has shown me Jesus
Jhrist as my Saviour," she (like the disciples,
when assured of the resurrection of Jesus)
believed not for joy. The penitent proceeded
to confess, in broken language, his deep sor
row for the iniquity of his past conduct, to
beg her forgiveness, and to express his trust
that the gracious God who had removed his
transgressions as far as the cast is from the
west, would also keep him in future from the
dominion of sin.
Now she began to realize the joyful fact,
which at tirst she could scarcely allow herself
to believe, that the wanderer was brought
back into the fold of Christ— the lost was
found — and both mother and son wept to-
gether tears of gratitude and joy.
The restored wanderer lived only a few
years on earth after being, by the Good Shep-
herd, thus plucked from the devouring jaws
of that roaring lion, the arch enemy of souls;
and having finished his testimony below, was
taken home to glorify the God of grace eter-
nal I}-.
Eeader, have you been saved bj' the wash-
ing of regeneration ? Whether your outward
conduct has been moral or immoral in the
eyes of fellow-creatures, there is an absolute
necessity of being born again of the Spirit,
before you can enter into the kingdom of
heaven. " Verily,' ' saith the Lord Christ, " ye
must be born again." If still in a state of n
ture, you are in the kingdom of d;irkness-
the kingdom of Satan. May the Father of
mercies translate you into the kingdom ot
His dear Son— the kingdom of His marvellous
ght — and work in you by His Spirit a heart
bborrence of sin, and a heart-trust in the
Lord Jesus Christ, the only Saviour from sin !
"Blessed are all they that put their trust in
Him." "Look unto Me," He says, "and be
ye saved;" "O Israel, thou hast destroyed
thyself; but in Me is thine help."
Little did the mother imagine, when her
mind was brought to such a crisis that she
could no longer pray for her erring son, that
the time was coming for her to praise the Lord
on his behalf. She looked for judgment, and
beheld mercy ! " Blessed be the Lord God, the
God of Israel, who only doelh wondrous
things." And in this marvellous conversion,
how strikingly was the truth verified: "Sal-
vation is of the Lord!" When it was abun-
dantly manifested that no human arm could
deliver, then His own arm brought .salvation,
and His omnipotent grace made the rebel into
a child. Ascribe, then, " salvation to our God
that silteth upon the throne, and unto the
L-d.inb."— Abridged from Ep. Recorder.
and more vital surfaces. The 8urf\ices of the
brain and of the other vital organs are con-
jested in like manner, according to the degree
)f injury that has been inflicted on the blood
vessels bj^ the paralyzing drug that is ac-
credited with so much usefulness.
'There is an immense population living
from day to day in this semi-paralyzed con-
dition of the circulation. Tbey are already,
n the midst of their laughter, half wrecked.
They are easily overbalanced by slight causes,
and they almost inevitably fall prematurely
into death il they continue in their course.
Sometimes, they fall from failure of the heart ;
sometimes, under a Utile extra excitement, a
vessel gives way in the brain, and they be-
come partially paralyzed, if they do not suc-
cumb immediately. Sometimes they get or-
ganic kidney or liver disease, or consumption
of the lungs. Physically, the condition of the
whole of the members of this great population
is very bad."
Selected.
The Pale-faced Abstainers. — Dr. Richardson
says: "Under the action of alcohol the resist
ance to the current of blood through the ves-
sels is diminished. This is indicated in the
flush of countenance that is caused by wine in
those who are unaccustomed to its use, in the
flush which is permanently seated on the faces
of so many who indulge in something more
than its moderate use, in the purple uniform
of features which is worn by so many of what
are called the hard drinkers of society. We
see in all these the external sign of that di-
minished resistance in the blood vessels to the
entrance of blood which alcohol induces in
different degrees.
Those who laugh at abstainers for being
pale would be warranted in laughing if it
were the fact that the red face they so much
admire was a face indicative of health, and
the pale face indicative of disease. Unfortu-
nately for their side of the case, that suffused
face, that jolly red face, that dark red face is
the face of disease, while the pale face is the
face as Nature meant it to be. Unfortunately,
also, for the laughers, is the fact that the rod
Oa the Rfsurrertion of Jesus Christ.
BY OLINTUUS GREGORY.
(Concluded from page 298.)
Thus much may suffice to establish the truth
of the momentous fact of the Resurrection of
Jesus Christ from the dead. From this out-
..neof arguments, for it isindeed nothing more
than an outline, you will perceive that the
evidence in favor of this event is both forcible
and satisfactory. To believe it, then, is rea-
sonable ; and it is freed from absurdity, bo-
cause resurrection from the dead is manifestly
as much within the power of God as creation;
and every consistent theist admits the latter.
But the adoption of a contrary opinion is
pregnant with absurdities and natural inipos-
sibititios ; with the mention of a few of which
I shall close this letter.
He, who denies the resurrection of Jesus
Christ, must believe,— That twelve poor fisher-
men and tentinakers, without power, and (all
except Paul) without human learning, were
able to deceive the wise, the learned, the pru-
dent; and to lay their plot so deep, that
neither their cotemporaries, nor any succeed-
ing generation, should be able to detect and
expose tho cheat.
— That those very persons who but a few
hours before wore trembling with timidity
and fear, whose want of courage (even accord-
in"- to their own account) overcame their
fid'elity, and caused them to forsake their
master in his greatest extremity, notwith-
standing their various professions, nay, pro-
testations, of inviolable attachment and zeal;
being so terrified with apprehensions that
they dare not acknowledge themselves to bo
his disciples, but secreted themselves by day
for fear of the Jews ;— yet that these timid,
irresolute, creatures should all at once not
only form the plan, but execute the bold,
hazardous, and useless undertaking of con-
quering the guards, forcing the sepulchre, and
carrying off the body of their crucified Lord.
—That men thus rash and desperate, en-
caged in an enterprise of so much danger, an
enterprise which therefore required all possi-
ble expedition and despatch, should waste
time in unaccountable niceties and ceremonies
(such as divesting the body of its burial-
clothes, disposing them in separate parcels,
&c.) which could be of no manner of use ; but
idently exposed them to the danger of being
face is not simply skin deep, and confined tolsurprised by the guards, and taken in
the face. Tho same redness extends to other! tody.
508
THE FRIEND.
— That these timid, yet desperate men, wiio
constituted a company of the greatest im-
postors that ever existed in the world, and
who, therefore, must necessarily be the worst
men that ever were, did, notwithstanding,
furnish mankind with the most comprehen-
sive and exact system of morality extant,
teach such rules of living as were infinitely
superior to any of the productions of Greek
or Eoman philosophers, and though their
whole business was only to promote and dis-
seminate falsehood and deception, yet de-
nounced the severest eternal punishments
upon all who indulged in such wicked prac
tices.
—That these imposters, having themselves
no correct notions of God, should notwith
standing impart the most rational and becom
ing opinions respecting him to the rest of
mankind; and, by no other principles than
those of delusion and irreligion, kindle a flame
of desire in the breasts of thousands to serve
and worship God.
— That they took far more pains to expose
themselves to all the world, as the most aban-
doned sinners that ever came into it (for that
they should deceive themselves so as to believe
Jesus was seen ten distinct times after his re-l
surrection, wher
was not seen at all, can
not be imagined,) than they need have done
to have established the best reputation amon
their cotemporaries, and have procured a
immortal fame in all succeeding ai'es.
— That these impostors, after'spe'ndingtheir
lives in promulgating falsehood, died, not to
testify their belief in a speculative doctrine
respectmg which they might be deluded by
others, or self deluded; but in attestation of a
pretended fact, while they knew it was no
fact; and all this under the strongest declara-
tions of devotedness to God, and of adoration
to their risen Saviour, who, they pretended,
was now sitting in heaven to receive them.
Hence you will perceive that, as a general
denial of revelation leads to numerous gross
absurdities of which a few were detailed in my
first letter, so a denial of individual topics ol
revealed truth brings each its appropriate and
dependent string of difficulties. He who de-
nies the truth of Scripture prophecy must ad-
mit that things have occurred, although there
was an infinitely great probability a"-ainst
their occurrence. He, who disbelieves the
miracles recorded in Scripture must believe
m other miracles. And he, who denies the
particular miracle of the resurrection of Jesus
Christ, in consequence involves himself in the
particular class of absurdities to which 1 have
just adverted : besides which he voluntarily
excludes himself from the only strong consola
tion a rational creature can possess at the
hour of death, that which flows from a full
persuasion of the resurrection to eternal life.
"I am the Resurrection and the Life," said
Jesus Christ: "whosoever believeth in mo
shall not die eternally:" and his own resur-
rection fully establishes the truth of this con-
solatory declaration. But the proud philoso-
phist who rejects this doctrine, so suited to
the wishes and the wants of man, not only
places himself below the Christian, but below
the Indian, in point of prospects of futurity.
The poor untutored, despised Indian,
" Thinks, admitted to that equal sky,
His faithful dog shall bear him company."
While many of those who pity the stupidity
of the Indian, and sneer at the credulity of
the Christian, live and die under the embasin-r
conviction that at death themselves and their
dogs will be alike extinct, alike free from re-
sponsibility, alike unconscious of all around
them, alike excluded from pleasure, alike
liberated from pain !
[Among the earlier poems of Henrv W.
Longfellow, is one entitled "The Village
Blacksmith," whose smithy stood " Under a
spreading chestnut-tree." The children of
Cambridge presented the poet with an arm
chair made from the wood of "The village
blacksmith's chestnut-tree," on the occasion
of his 72nd birth-day, which occurred on the
27th of the Second month in the present year.
The poet responded to the gift in the fol-
lowing pleasant lines, addressed " To the
children of Cambridge."]
FROM MY ARM CHAIR.
Am I a king, that I should call my own
This splendid ebon throne?
Or by what reason, or what right divine,
Can I proclaim it mine ?
Only, perhaps, by right divine of song
It may to me belong; I
Only because the spreading chestnut tree
Of old was sung by me.
Well I remember it in all :
When in the summer time
The affluent foilage of its branches made
A cavern of cool shade.
There by the blacksmith's forge, beside the streei
Its blossoms white and sweet
Enticed the bees, nntil it seemed alive
And mnrmnred like a hive.
And when the winds of autumn, with a shout,
Tossedits great arms about,
The shining chestnuts, bursting from the sheath,
Dropped to the ground beneath.
And now some fragments of its branches bare
Shaped as a stately chair.
Have by my hearthstone found a home at last,
""■^ 'vhisper of the Past.
prime.
And
The Danish king could not in all his pride
Repel the ocean tide.
But seated in this chair I can in rhyme
Boll back the tide of time.
I see again, as one in vision sees,
The blossoms and the bees.
And hear the children's voices shout and call,
And the brown chestnuts fall.
I see the smithy with its fires aglow,
I hear the bellows blow.
And the shrill hammers on the anvil beat
The iron white with heat !
And thus, dear children, have ye made for me
This day a jubilee ;
And to my more than three score years and ten
Brought back my youth again.
The heart hath its own memory, like the mind,
And in it are enshrined
The precious keepsakes, into which are wrought
The giver's loving thought.
Only yonr love and your remembrance could
Give life to this dead wood,
And make these branches, leafless now so Ion"
Blossom
again in song.
The original poem is subjoined;
THE VILLAGE BLACKSMITH.
Under a spreading chestnut-tree
Th3 village smithy stands ;
The smith, a mighty man is he,
With large and sinewy hands ;
And the muscles of his brawny arms
Are strong as iron bands.
His hair is crisp, and black, and long,
His face is like the tan ;
His brow is wet with honest sweat,
He earns whate'er he can,
And looks the whole world i
For he owes not anv man.
Week in, week out, from morn till night,
^ Yon can hear his bellows blow ;
You can hear him swing his heavy sledge,
With measured beat and slow,
Like a sexton ringing the village-bell,
When the evening sun is low.
And children coming home from school
Look in at the open door ;
They love to see the flaming forge.
And hear the bellows roar,
And catch the burning sparks that fly
Like chafi'from a threshing floor.
Toiling, — rejoicing, — sorrowing.
^ Onward through life he goes ;
Each morning sees some task begin,
Each evening sees it close;
Something attempted, something done.
Has earned
»ht's
repose.
Thanks, thanks to thee, my worthy friend,
For the lesson thou hast taught !
Thus at the flaming forge of life
Our fortunes must be wrought ;
Thus on its .sounding anvil shaped
Eacli burning deed and thought !
[ This is my testimony, that none can recei
the joy of God's .salvation, enter into the sa
bath of rest, or keep holy-day to the Lot
further than they know a ceasing and bei
saved from thinking their own thoughts, f
lowing their own wills, and obeying their ov «'
wisdom ; for the selfish thoughts that ari »'
within are the root of evil, and as the found
tion of the kingdom of darkness ; and the lio- '
of this day of salvation, is as the axe laid''
the root of the evil tree.
So it is a blessed thing for people to me
and wait together, and walk in this heaven
light and day of salvation, which discoverel
and judgeth every vain thought and foolis
imagination, subduoth them, and bringet
them doivn into the obedience of Christ. ]
this, as they walk and abide, they truly diffil*
from all other families of the earth; for i
this heavenly gospel light, which judget
every appearance of evil, stands the true fe
lowship and true unity. As they walk then
in and dwell ther.-in, the power of death an
hell .shall never break them, but they sha
remain as Mount Zion, which can never b ^
removed. In this stands their happiness an
safety. Out of this, they are as weak as othe f
\>Qop\e.— WUliam Shewen.
the face,
Some of the men of largest brain, of moslin
varied talents, of the richest intellectual ac
quirements, and of the grandest opportunities
of the present generation, have utterly failei
to do a great life work, and to secure a per
manent place in history, through their lact
of absorbing convictions. They may havi isi
shown themselves familiar with law and di
plomacy and literature; they may have helc »
high office, and been much sought as counsel
lors ; they may have been on the right .side ol n-
the mam questions of the day, and never sus iki
pected of lacking personal inte<rrity, of beino
dishonest and corrupt ; yet because they were
never identified heart and soul with any great
truth, v/QVQ never so full of conviction on
either side of any moral issue that it possessed
and inspired them to the uttermost, they
lived and died without being aroused to their ,„
fullest energy, without even undertaking the fe
best work for which they were otherwise capa-
ble. And on the other hand there are exam-
ples before us of men who have wrought won-
ders, and themselves been wonders, through
the overwhelming power of their supreme
convictions.— .S. S. Times.
THE FRIEND.
309
■' Fcr The Friend."
Friends' library,
t is well known that tbie shelves of our
)lic libraries generallj' are largely occupied
works of fiction and light literature, much
it highly pernicious in character ; the
asal of which, when habitually indulged
tends to destroy the taste for solid and
tructive reading, and leads to an enerva-
1 of the mental faculties, calculated greatly
nfit for the sober realities of life. It is
ieved that if the attention of parents could
seriously turned to the subject, they would
generally appreciate the importance of
ibrary that may bo frequented by their
Idren without danger from the contami-
ng influences that may surround them in
public reading rooms.
Che number of volumes in the Library 1st
. 29lb, 1879, was 7775, an increase of 460
umes since 1st mo. 30th, 1875; of these
have been donated, the balance purchased,
average yearly increase of the Library
been 115 volumes.
The number of books loaned during the
ir 1878 was 2512, against 2552 loaned in
5. The average number loaned yearly
the past four years has been 24J>8. These
lares indicate a steady use of the Library
about the same number of readers for the
5t four years.
The annual income arising from the funds
Id
with glass doors, placed in the room just
ubove our present quarters; in this case have
been placed such books as are seldom called
American Goods in England.
A "Travelled Englishman" writes to the
London Standard in the following manner as
to the intrusion of American goods on the
British markets :
How is it, I want to know, that my wife's
maid, when she went at Aix les Bains, at
Komburg and at Florence to buy calico,
found in shops where two years ago nothing
but English goods were kept that the calico
or cotton in stock was of American manu
facturc? I am not a judge of this article
myself, and 1 really do not pretend to know
whether the American goods are better or
worse than those formerly supplied from the
English markets. What I do know is that
in this, one of our own staple manufactures,
we appear to have been fairly beaten out of
the field upon the Continent, and that in each
case the shopkeeper, when applied to for an
explanation.declared that he preferred Ameri-
can to English materials because he got a
lai-ger profit upon the former than upon the
latter.
How is it, again, that here in England, if
I want tools for my garden or my workshop
my butterman, and probably my butcher also,
deals so largely in American goods of all
kinds, for I freely admit that as a source of
food supply the United States is naturally
infinitely superior to our limited and over-
populated country. But what I want to know
is why, in the special manufactures which
were once entirely ours and which only a few
years ago belonged to us more largely than
to any other country in the world, wo now
seem to be running a bad second to the United
States. Why, sir, even the cigarettes which
I smoke are made in Eichmond, Va., and the
pen with which I write comes, not from
Birmingham, but from an American manu-
factory.
" For The Friend "
Some Extraets from the Wary and Letters of Ebenezcr
Worth.
CCoiitiDOed from page 300.)
1844. 21st of 4th mo. Since my return, I
think I may say for the most part of the
time, I have been wonderfully favored with
true peace of mind. *****
28th of 4th mo. I think it is ray desire,
the week now commencing may be spent as
comfortably as the one just ended.
5th mo. 5th. The favors of the past week
have been more than I have words to express.
Oh ! that I was sufficiently humble, and a
(more) grateful receiver of the many mercies
bestowed upon me.
5th mo. 12ih. The last week was spent in
a good degree comfortably; thanks to the
Great Giver of all good tor His unmerited
mercies to me a poor, unworthy sinner.
15th. Keturned from Great Valley, al-
though I felt much weakness. He who has
ever been the helper of His people, in mercy
made way for me and strengthened and en-
abled me to (do my duty) and return with
I am constantly being invited bj' raj-
by the Committee for the use of the 'monger to try new American "notions" in
brary has been about 8310 — in addition to the shape of spades and hammers and saws
the Committee has received 660 yearly I and chisels and axes? Some months ago I
ra the Monthly Meetings, making the total read a letter of — Gladstone's upon a subject
nual receipts about S370. The princip:il on which hisauthority can hardly be contested,
penses (outside of books and binding), arelln it he gave his opinion upon the common
salary of librarian 8180, and the annual j American woodman's axe, and described— as
3tof fire insurance, about 845. Theaveragejl happen to know quite accurately — the dif-
penditure for books and binding has beenjforenco between it and the English article
out S206. manufactured at Sheffield. The comparison,
The Library room continues to be open 1 1 need hardly say, was all in favor of the] peace, „ , ^ , ^ ^ , . ,. ,
' the distribution of books on Fourth and ; Yankee production. Sheffield is too conserva- 1 6th mo. 2nd. I have been favored to feel
'venth day afternoons, and on Fifth day tive— in its manafacture.s, I mean, not in its that all my own righteousness (that which is
)rnino-3 for a half hour prior to the time politics— to make an axe of the best shape, of the creature), is as filthy rags, but that
holdmcr Arch Street Meeting. The Com- So the sharp American comes in and wins, which is of Christ our blessed Saviour, is
ittee have endeavored to be careful to place And he does this not merely in axes and the pure, and administers peace and consolation.
1 the shelves only such works as would bo other tools I have mentioned, but in locks, |Tho weakness that I have at times felt was
proved bvthe careful judgment of Friends, bolts, stoves, lamps and a thousand-and-ono [humbling and I trust profitable. 1 have in
d believe they have given to the readers a! other household requisites which a dozen unmerited mercy felt that which can raise
ir proportion of what is valuable in the Jyears ago were the peculiar production of this the drooping spirit and qualify tor the service
lerature of the day. In addition' to tholcountry. You have only indeed to cast your required. May the eye of my mind be kept
trchases of the Committee, valuable booksjeye over your own household, in order to'singlo, and my whole dependence be upon
ive been added to the collection by the see to how large an extent the English manu- ! Providence. ...
)erality of some interested Friends who Ifacturer has been beaten, even in articles of I 6th mo. 4th. lesterday in going up the
ive donated them. Idomestic use. Nor is it in the hardware [river I had an evidence of considerable im-
■The Library is believed to embrace the trade only that we seem now to be getting provement in (the) habits of industry among
ost valuable collection of Friends' writings flooded with American goods. American the natives, which was gratifying; may their
this country; many of the works have
hg been out of print, and some are proba-
'■ " ■ ""'^ ' . I'lr.ro pvronr miiir. (nii. <n m:ii.ni'iiiia w iin;u i 1.1 ^i*o'«» v/ nx iiv^t«.\^w.
17th. The last week I have ex-
ness, and I feel
y inaccessible elsewhere. We have occa
Dnall}' been able to increase the number of
ilumes of this character, as opportunities
ive presented of pi-ocuring them ; our pur-
lasing committee have authority to secure
ly of the approved writings of Friends that
•e not already on the shelves.
The collection of general literature em-
•aces such a selection of interesting and in-
ructive works, as should make the Library
.tractive to our members; and we believe
lat if its advantages were better known
uong Friends of this city, its usefulness
ould be greatly augmented.
The number of volumes having increased
) as to render additional shelf room neces-
iry, the Committee have had a neat case,
.eather comes here to be made up into shoes; greatest improvement be in spiritual things,
and our famous English carriages are, to a and experience a living concern to lay up
largo extent, built out of materials which treasure in heaven,
have crossed the Atlantic, and for which the] 6th mo.
American has been duly paid. "Glue, hair perienced considerable
and sand paper," are mentioned in a recent. bound to acknowledge, that when I feel hum-
copy of the Philadelphia ied^er as being now j bled under a sense thereof, things seem to
among articles largely exported to this coun- Iprosper best, furnishing a renewed evidence
try and even slates— shades of the Welsh (that it is not dependent upon our own natu-
ma<^nates !— are now quarried in the United |ral abilities, nor the great performances of
States in order to roof in our English homes. ;the creature to promote the glory of our
Can any of your readers tell me how all
this is brought about? And is not the fact
alone sufficient to account in a large measure
for the present depression in our manufac-
turing industries ? I do not grumble because,
if I want tomato sauce with my cutlets at this
season, it is probably made out of American
fruit; nor can I complain because my grocer,
Heavenly Father. I believe the example of a
good Christian is more powerful to convince
others of the excellency of the Christian re-
ligion, than all the arguments of the worldly
wise. May I ever be willing to be anything
or nothing, as it may please the Blessed Mas-
ter, and make a proper use of my time and
talents in His service, and (may) all the glory
310
THE FRIEND.
bo to Him, who is forever worthy, with the
Son of His bosom. Notwithstanding my
weakness, I have at times been much favored
in conversation with some of the Indians.
6th mo. 19th. Some days (since) in going
up the river L (met) with an Indian who is a
deacon in the Presbyterian society ; he said
he wished to asls: me some questi(jn.s. After
talking with him for some time, I inquired of
him " how he got along in regard to religion ?"
He said, when he read the scriptui-es at homo
he had uo doubts, but wlien at meeting hear-
ing preaching, ho had doubts; said lie had
heard preached, "that if a child died without
being baptized it went to punishment;" this
be did not believe. I endeavored to explain to
him Friends' views in relation to water bap-
tism and some other things, with which he ex-
pressed satisfaction, and said it was according
to scripture. May the spiritual eye of these
poor people be annointed with the eye salve
of the kingdom, that they may have a saving
knowledge of Him who is the only true God,
and Jesus Christ whom He has sent.
7th mo. 21st. I have great reason to be
truly thankful for the long suffering and great
loving kindness of my Divine Master to me a
poor sinner. May 1 be more given up to
serve Him in all things that He may be
pleased to require of me and in His own
blessed way. I have this day been refreshed
and comforted in feeling. Love to trod ! how
sweet, how comforting is the feeling. In my
sitting (which was alone), I was strengthened;
may i ever remember (that) the sacrifice,
which is due unto Him, is the whole heart,
and may I offer mine freely without reserve.
Such as make this sacrifice, 1 believe are
favored at times to feel their peace to flow as
a river, and their righteousness as the waves
of tho sea.
8th mo. 20th. I have again in unmerited
mercy been in some degree favored with a
sense of my situation. Oh ! the corruption
of the human heart, and our proneness to for-
get Him who is the Great Giver of all good,
BO as to be indifferent about knowing daily
that we are in our proper places, servincr
Him faithfully in tho way that would be most
pleasing unto Him; our greatest happiness is
dependent upon it. I think I may say, I have
been arout^ed, comforted and encouraged ;
what a favor it is that He continues to visit
us in His loving kindness — accompanied by
judgments in order to keep us near unto
Himself, who is worthy to be obeyed in all
things, honored and praised.
25th. Although (during) the past week I
have met with trials, I have been much favored,
and at times comforted. In our meeting to-
day my mind for the most part was preserved
in the quiet and strengthened. Maj^ I be
thankful for it. I had the company of Asa
Jones, Emily Flagg and Ariel Willman.
9th mo. 8ih. Through the unmerited mercy
of the Great Heid of tho Church I have
been spared to enter upon my forty-second
year. May this year of my lifo be spent
more consistent with the will of my Divine
Master than tbose that are past. What I do-
sire, I feel sensible cannot be effected in the
wisdom and strength of the creature, but by
an entire surrender unto Him, who is the
lifo, light and strength of His people.
10th mo. 10th. I may again record tho
mercy and goodness of the Lord to mo a poor
unworthy sinner. Oh ! for a greater, yea,
an entire surrender of my own unrogonerate
will, and an unflinching faithfulness in the
discharge of all the duties which my Master
is pleased to require. I think I have been
much preserved in assisting the Indians in
their late difiioulty with some men who came
on to divide this reservation, I suppose for th
Ogden Company. The day the chiefs held
their council, I was favored to feel composure
of mind, and after they had got through, to
express my views to the surveyor in relation
to tho discussion of the chiefs, and their tried
situation on account of the waj^ they had been
treated by the Ogden Company. The next
morning I left for Buffalo, in pursuit of the
last treaty and other information in relation
to the proceedings of the surveyors. On get
ting to Baffalo, I called first to see Thos. C.
Love, who had been appointed an arbitrator
to act on behalf of the Indians. He treated
me kindly, and gave me all the information
that I seemed to require. I think it likely he
was the only person in the place who could
have given me the information that appeared
necessary ; it was of such (a nature) as I think
would be likely to put some of the Indians'
anxieties and troubles to rest. I think I can
say, I felt in a degree thankful that I had
been so much favored in getting along with
the business, and could turn my face toward
home with consoling news to the poor In-
dians.
ill not soon againo go to slee]
Ye women may sometimes sh
Uth mo. 7th. Spent part of tho forenoon
in drawing boards from the mill down to M.
Snow's new house. After dinner took a walk
up to tho mill dam, then through the woods
to a part of the farm where I had not before
been; it was truly a comfortable time and
worthy to be remembered.
Uth mo. 27th. I cannot but look back
with a degree of sorrow, thinking my heart
has not been enough given up to serve a kind
and merciful God. Great has been the long-
sutfering and infinite mercy of the Lord to
me, a poor sinner. He has from time to time
made way for me where there appeared no
way.
Church Sleepers in Ye Olden Time.— A ^ou
nal kept by one Obadiah Turner, in Lynn,
Mass., and bearing date "1646, June ye '3d,"
describes the " method" of a special officer ir
a church of which Samuel Whiting was pas
think he
meeting.
and none know it by reason of their
bonnets. — Whiting doth pleasantlie s:i -i
from yt pulpitt he doth seem to be preach -;
to Slacks of straw, with men jotting heir i
there among them. — Christian Advocate.
Different Effects of Prospsrity.
It would be a curious and instructive x
vestigation that should bring to light just Lju
far the comforts and pleasures which arc,*
earnestly desired and sought for really aiisvi
their expected ends and where they resubn
failure and disappointment. That thcrt.,!
such a limit is very evident. That nioii ■
well earned and well spent, brings real li .
piness to many people, is undeniable. Ti
gradual ascent of a family from povertylj
substantial comfort is accompanied by a kt
sense of enjoyment, and the gloomiest asce
can hardly close his eyes to the positive sa
faction and innocent gladness which em
from the temporal benefits which he profea
to despise.
On the other hand, it is no less raanif
that wealth, with
Allen Brydges hath bin choso to wake ye
sleepers in meeting, and being much proud of
his place must need have a fox taile fi.^ced to
ye end of a long staff, wherewith he may
brush the faces of them yt will have naps in
time of discourse; likewise a sharp thorna
wherewith he may prick such as may be
moste sounde. On ye last Lord his day, as
he strutted about ye nii'eting house ho did
spy — Tomlins sleeping with much comforte,
his head kept steadie by being in ye corner
and his hand grasping ye rail. And so spy-
ing, Allen did quicklie thrust his staff behind
Dame Ballond and give him a grievous prick
upon ye hand. Whereupon — Tomlins did
ing upp much above yo floor, and with
terrible force strike his hand against ye wall,
and also, to yo great wonder of all, pro-
phainlie exclaim, in a loud voice, "Cuss the
woodchuck," ho dreaming, as it seemed, yt a
wood.-huck had seized and bit his hand. But
on coming to know where ho was, and yo
great scandall he had committed, he seemed
much abashed, but did not speake. And I
accompanymg soc
system, is often a source of care, auxie
weariness and disappointment. The v
things that have been ardently wished
have, when obtained, brought perplexity a
suffering. The painful cravings, instead
being allayed by possession, have simj
changed their base, and are felt with
greater intensity for further luxuries. F
quently the most bitter complaints fall frc
the lips of those who have all that money c
bestow. The capitalist is harassed by the ft
of unsafe investments, is overworked by t
constant attention his afi'airs demand, is vex
with the importunities of those who woi
prey upon him. The woman of fashion,
the amplest moans at hercommand, is weari
with the constant round of ceremonious forr
which her position demands, is burdened wi
tho cares of an expensive household, and wc
ried by the constant shortcomings of a rotim
of servants. Thus, much of the life of weal
and fashion that is so greatly longed for
passed, " not in being happy, but in playi
at boin? happy."
How is it that the same cause can produ
such dissimilar results? Clearly it is not tl
amount of gain that draws the line, for v
find discontent in every grade, while some
our wealthiest citizens are undoubtedly araot
the happiest. It is rather traceable to
tain principles of human nature which C£
never be uprooted, but which prosperity
clines us to overlook. One of these is th
the full exorcise of the faculties is neeessai
to happiness. Those who regard labor on
as a means of gain are naturally disposed
lay it down as soon as the end is fulfille,
They have striven hard to become rich, wh
should they continue to strive afterwards
Thus a large part of the nature remains ii
active, and the happiness of life is to thi
extent diminished. Tho efforts that are pi
forth in the pursuit of pleasure will not ai
swor this end. The appetite palls, and leav(
us still unsatisfied. Pleasure, to preserve
zest, must be ministered to only occasionalli
and must be in strong contrast to the majc
part of life. Like food, it cloys and disgus
unless tho proper intervals of abstinence hav
been observed.
Beside this, happiness requires a sense i
THE FRIEND.
811
'reonal value. Hardly anything is more
■^eutial to the true enjoyment of life. He
s forever chasing pleasure, and seeking
9 own interest, must forego the satisfac-
)n which comes from worth}' achievement.
lOugh he labor hard in the search, though
succeed in each endeavor, he has no sig-
ficance in the world ; he has done it no ser-
26, given it no lustre, and when he departs
ill leave no trace behind. Unless a man
for something out of himself, unless he
that such a life alone is honorable,
d that it is really disgraceful to produce no
'3re than he consumes, and to pur.siie plea
re as an end, he must forever forfeit the
ighest and only permanent happiness that
i e has to offer,
lit is not, then, the effect of prosperity, as
ch, to produce discontent, weariness and
iihapjiiness. It is the spirit which sets up
«os])erity as the one aim of life, which recog-
lizes nothing higher, nothing nobler, nothing
worthier — which sees no other use in labor,
better employment of the faculties, no
lander outlook of the soul, it is this spirit
wich will alwa3's turn comforts into discom-
rts, pleasure into weariness, delight into
^nui, opportunities for good into instruments
' evil. On the other hand, he who regards
icuniary success as a means to some higher
d, who values labor for its developing
)wer, as well as for its immediate gain, who
orns to enjoy at another's expense, or to be
mere consumer of other's produce, whopur-
)ses to make his life worthy and valuable to
e world, and his influence a blessing to those
ound him, will reap, from whatever pros-
srity may fall to his share, the true and por-
anont happiness that is its rightful result. —
edger.
For "The Friend"
A Thought on the Resnrrection.
In 7lh month, 1876, the writer was on the
■and jury for Philadelphia county, and dur-
g a recess asked the following question of
number of them. The soldiers who were
It to watch the tomb of Christ, reported
lat his body was stolen away ivhUit they slept.
tNow, as jurymen, if those soldiers were to
Dpear before you and give such testimony,
iould you believe their testimony, as to facts
lat took place while they were asleep 7 The
erdict was, No ; we would ignore the bill !
C.
Xatural History, Science, &c.
i Flying Squirrel and Flying Lizird of Borneo.
fitting in the verandah about sunset, 1 had
n opportunity of observing the habits of the
ying squirrel (Galeopithecus), the Kubong
F the Malays. The animal came streaming
J rough the air from a distant clump of trees,
,8 flank membranes extended, and its long
lit stretched out behind, and with a graceful
iiling motion at length arrived at a tall tree
'unk which had been left in the midst of the
leared jungle, on the lower part of which it
lighted. The animal then began to ascend
le trunk in a spiral direction, running a lit-
e way at a time, and then stopping. Hav-
)g reached the branches, it selected one,
long which it crept until it had reached the
xtremity, when it suddenly launched itself
ito the air, and glided away on outstretched
rings, in the direction of another tall tree
bout 150.yards distant, gradually descending
a it proceeded, and finally alighting upon the
lower third of the trunk. Again it crept up
to the branches, and again it cast itself off —
making this time for a more distant tree,
when it was lost to view in the jangle. At
the same moment, another Galeopithecu-i ar-
rived at the first-mentioned tree, which, stand-
ing alone, oflTered a good mark, and a con-
venient resting-place for these singular ani-
mals. This one repeated the same process,
only going in the opposite direction. Every
evening at the same hour these animals,
probably the same individuals, might be seen
making use of the same trees in their flight,
so that it was easy to say when they had
alighted anywhere, what would be their next
flight. Having reached the highest part of
the tree, they sailed steadil}^ away to the
next with grace and swiftness, in a gradually
falling line, with no apparent movement of
their flank-membranes, but with the evident
power of accurately guiding their flight to
tlie next stage in their progress, which may
thus be described as a vertical zigzag. The
skins of these animals are much valued, and
they are very abundant in many places. Coal
Point, in Labuan, is called by the Malays
Tanjong Kubong. or the Cape of Flying
Squirrels, from the number of them which
formerly- existed there ; but since the cutting
down of the jungle in the progress of the
works, they have very materially diminished
in numbers.
Near the same spot, in the heat of the day,
I saw the little flying lizard (Draco volans)
alight upon a tree bj- the road-side. It flew
quicklj- along, and straight, like a bird, with-
out any butterfly like fluttering, and sudden-
ly settled upon the bark just as a Creeper
(Certhia) would do, for which at the first
moment I mistook it. Then it ran a little
way up the trunk in a spiral direction, and
presently stopped to look at me. I approached
in order to walch it, when the little creature
stood still, and twisting its hea 1 completely
round, regarded me with a stare, while its
little conical pouch, which hung flaccid be-
neath the throat, was from lime to time
momentarily distended, as-uming a semi-cres
centic form, pointing forward in a menacing
manner, and then falling again. I clapped
my bands, and tried to make it fly, that I
might observe its movements, but it remained
looking at me imperturbably ; and alth lugli
[ threw sticks and stones up, it only ran a
little higher up, and then stopped and watched
me again. The heat was so intense, that I
was fain to go on my waj' — and none too .so m
— for I found afterwards, to my cost, that I
was at that moment qualifying myself for an
attack of fever. I saw the little Draco again
in the interior, and afterwards in the neigh-
borhood of Singapore. — Collingwood's JWitu
ralist's Rambles.
While a travelling menagerie was recently
holding its exhibitions for a few days at Le
Mans, France, a lion escaped from its cage
through the negligence of an attendant. The
animal paced up and down the tent quietly,
but naturally excited great alarm. Tbe pro
prietor of the collection had a luminous idea
that of satisfying the appetite of the king of
beasts to prevent him from doing any mis-
chief, and accordingly threw to his majesty
an abundant supply of raw meat. The plan
succeeded admirably, for the lion, after gorg-
ing himself with an unusually ample meal,
walked quietly back into his cage and went
to sleep. Of course, ho was at once effectually
secured, but as soon as the occurrence became
known the municipal authorities ordered the
menagerie to be removed from the town with-
out dela}'.
W. H. Freece, of the Postal Telegraph De-
partment, a high authority on practical tele-
graph}', in a lecture last night before the
Societj' of Arts, said there were 10,000 miles
of underground wires in Great Britain, but
the known facts which tell against the ox-
tension of the underground line are : there is
an increase of three or four times their cost ;
I heir capacity for carrying currents is reduced
three or four times ; the gutta percha coating
is attacked not only by rats and mice, but
very largely by an insect calb d the fempel-
tonia crystalliua, and is also influenced by
a fungus.
The Empress of Brazil has presented Queen
Victoria with a dress woven from the webs
of South American Spiders.
Pennsylvania For'sl Fires. — Destructive
forest fires are raging in the northern and
western ends of Pike county and northwestern
part of Monroe count}', Pennsylvania, and a
large amount of damage will result. Fires
in these counties occur almost every spring,
and are caused generally by the carelessness
of hunters or fishermen who camp in the
forests at night and leave their camp-fires
smouldering in the morning. In the spring
of 1877 this entire region was visited by the
most destructive fires ever known, and thou-
sands of acres of the most valuable timber land
in Northern Pennsylvania were burned over
and the timb^-r destroyed. Many buildings
situated in the remote districts were swept
away. Thus far the fires arc confined prin-
cipally to the townships of Lehman, Dela-
ware, Dingmaa and bbohola. Pike county.
The inhabitants continue to battle with the
flames, both night and day, but thus far they
have made little progress, and only a heavy
rain will slop the spread. Forest fires at
this season of the year not only destroy
thousands of dollars worth of valuable timber
and other property, but the eggs of pheasants
and other birds, for which this region is noted,
are also destroyed.
THE FRIEND.
FIFTH MONTH 10, 1879.
The accounts which reach us from Great
Britain indicate that there is much and wide-
spread suffering in that country from a general
depression of business, similar to that through
which our own country has been passing for
some years.
Recognizing, as we do, that all mankind
are the cnildren of one common Father, and
that in proportion as we are imbued with His
Spirit, we will rejoice with those that rejoice
in the right sense of the word, and weep with
those that weep, the world over, we cannot
but feel a sense of sadness and depression at
ihe trials and sufferings of our fellow-men,
even though separated from us by an inter-
vening ocean. Depression of business and
reduction of wages or loss of work, have a
fearful significance to the many thousands
whose previous earnings were barely sufficient
to supply the food, clothing and shelter neces-
sary for existence.
There have been frequent references in the
newspapers of latter times, to the extent to
312
THE FRIEND.
which articles of American manufacture, as
well as the products of our soil, have entered
into competition with English goods in the
markets of the world, and in some measure
have supplanted them. We naturally feel
warm interest in the growth and prosperity
of our own country; and we believe it is in
the ordering of Divine Wisdom, that a health-
ful competition should exist, which tends to
the general benefit of mankind, by developing
in every section those industries to which the
character of the people and their surrounding
circumstances are best adapted. But it is
very desirable that we should be so elevated
above merely local feeling, as to regard all
nations as members of the same great family,
and to have an interest in the prosperity and
happiness of all.
•The wide extension of commerce, the ex-
change of commodities from all parts of the
earth, and the facilities for rapid intercourse
and interchange of thought by modern im-
provements, all tend to unite the inhabitants
of the world together, and to make us feel
our mutual dependence. We are graduallj'
learning, that if one member of the world'i
household suffers, the others suffer with it.
These remarks have been suggested by an
extract from a recent paper relating to the
introduction of American goods into England
sent to us for insertion, and which will be
found in another portion of our columns.
It is reported from south-eastern Kansas, that not-! troops continued several days and nights in the p]
withstanding the President's proclamation, at least 2000 assigned them, but the revohition did not break c
whites have entered the Indian Territory within a week. The police continue to make arrests, and officers oi
The discovery of rich silver mines is said to be the i Government do not venture out without escort
cause. _ military.
The number of deaths in this city for the week end- 1 A very destructive fire occurred in the city of O
SUMMAR-S OP EVENTS,
United States. — According to the local weather
report for the Fourth month, the average temperature
was 49.1 degrees. For the past nine years the average
was 49.7. The highest was 80° on the 26th, and the
lowest 25" on the 5th. The temperature fell to free:
on the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6lh. About 1^- inches of snow
fell on the morning of the 4th, but melted soon after
sunrise. The total rainfall and melted snow was 4.21
inches. Prevailing direction of wind north-west. Maxi-
mum velocity 50 miles per hour.
A weather record kept in the northern part of Ver
mont, shows that there have been 120 days of sleighing
the past season, and that 42 inches of snow have fallen!
Destructive forest fires are raging in the northern and
western parts of Pike county, and northwestern part of
Monroe county, Pennsylvania. Fires in these
occur almost every spring, and are generally caused by
the carelessness of hunters or fishermen. Forest fires
at this season of the year, not only destroy thousands
of dollars worth of valuable timber and other property,
but also the eggs of pheasants and other birds, for which
the region is noted.
In response to a call, a meeting was held in this city
on the 2nd inst., for the purpose of devising means for
the relief of the colored people of the South, now seek-
ing homes in the West, and to relieve the immediate
necessities of the emigrants— $760 have thus far been
subscribed.
The public debt statement for 4th month, shows an
increase of $19,952.
The San Francisco mint coined $2,540,000 in double
eagles, and $1,000,000 standard dollars during the pa.st
month.
During the year ending the 30th ult., the city of
Boston decreased its debt *97,704, which now amounts
to S42,359,31K
The President returned the army appropriation bill
to the House, on the 30th ult., with a message giving
reasons for not signing it. On the following day the
question was taken on the passage of the bill, but failed
for want of the necessary two-lhirds ; the vote stood
120 yeas and 110 nays. It is now believed that the
Democratic members have agreed upon a bill, to be
passed separately, in lieu of the Gth section of thr vcimil
army appropriation bill, so modified :i , Id uvui.! ib,.
President's chief objection to the vetoed in.M-inc.
The Treasury Department is advised ih:il ihr X(,i--
wegian Government has prohibited the
from the United States of live cattle, Hhe(
This is done because of the cattle diseases
try.
and goats
this coun
ing on the 3d inst. was 319. Of this number 62 died
of consumption. The mortality of New York for the
same period was 543.
Markets, etc. — The principal feature in the Govern
ment bond market is the continued demand for 4 per
cents, and the price has been advanced by the syndicate
to 102 a 102^. The demand for $10 certificates con-
tinues great. The entire supply in this city was quickly
taken, on the 5th, by the eager public.
Cotton.— Sales of 1300 bales 12i cts. per lb. for up-
lands and New Orleans.
Fresh Fruits.— Apples dull. Baldwins, choice, $2.35
a $2..50 ; Rox Russets, *2.20 a $2.35 ; fancy lots, $2.50
per barrel. Strawberries, 30 a 40 cts. per quart.
Seeds. — Clover, 5 a 6 cts. per pound; Flax-i5eed,
f 1.40 a $1.50, and Timothy $1.35 a $1.40 per bushel.
Flour.— Penna. extra, $4.25 a $4.50; Ohio extra
family, $5 ; fancy, $5.25 a $5.75 ; patent, and other high
grades, $7.25 a $8, as to quality. Rye flour, $2.75 a
Grain.— Red wheat, $1.13 ; amber, $1.14 a $1.15 ;
white, $1.16. Rye, 56 a 57 cts. Corn, 42 a 44 cts.
Oats, mixed, 32 a 33 cts., and choice white 35 cts.
Petroleum.— Crude 7J cts. in bbis, and standard
white, 8| cts. for export, and 9| a 10 cts. per gallon for
home use. Linseed oil, quoted by crushers at 59 a 60
cts. ; Lard oil, 48 a 49 cts. ; crude sperm, 82 cts., and
bleached winter, 97 cts. afl.OO ; neatsfoot, 75 cts. prime,
and 60 cts. for No. 1, per gallon.
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 70 a 80 cts. per 100
pounds ; mixed, 55 a 65 cts. ; straw, 85 a 95 cts. per 100
pounds.
Beef cattle were in good demand— about 3000 head
arrived and sold at 4 a 6 cts. per pound, as to quality.
Hogs were dull, and .sold_ at 5 a 6 cts. Sheep, 4J a 6 j
cts., as to condition. Spring lambs, $4 a $5 per head.
Foreign.— It is stated that the London and West-
raiiister Bank, on the 2nd inst., took $5,000,000 of the
United States 4 per cent, bonds at 4.V per cent., makino-
in all *35,000,000 U. S. securities that this bank has
recently purchased.
At Sunderland, 3000 persons connected with the ex-
port trade are now idle, in consequence of the coal
miners strike.
Intelligence from South Africa is, that the king of
the Zulus has sent representatives to treat with the
British, and it is hoped that an early settlement of their
differences may be effected.
A serious riot is reported in Cork, arising out of a
difference between rival bands. Several houses were
wrecked, and a number of persons seriously injured
The Bombay Government reports that great distr
is imminent in the Deccan, because of the failure of the
crops ; 5,000 famine stricken refugees from Kattywar
have entered Bombay.
The tariff subject is now engaging the serious atten-
tion of the European countries. Prince Bismarck, in
debating the subject, says: "Through the widely opened
doors of its import trade, the German market had be-
a mere storage place for the over-production of
other countries. Countries which were inclosed had
berg, on the Ural river, on the 28th and 29th ult.
is reported that 949 dwellings, besides a large ni
of shops and public buildings, were destroyed.
Czar has contributed 10,000 roubles for the relief of
sufferers. The village of Gratchonka, on the Volg:
said to have been totally burned.
An official report to the Persian Government of
earthquake at Mianeh, on the 22d of 3d mo., says I
twenty-one villages were destroyed, and 922 pers(
2,660 sheep, 1,125 oxen, 124 horses and 55 camels v
killed.
The revenue of Switzerland, in 1878, exceeded
expenditures by 66,585 francs.
Further advices from Upper Egypt represent t
the conflicts between the Egyptian troops and the si
dealars, resulted in the complete defeat of the lat
with a loss of 6,000 killed, wounded and prisoners.
A railroad car loaded with blasting powder, blew
at the Grand Trunk freight yard, in Stratford, Onta
on the 5th inst. The whole town was shaken as wiih
earthquake. About fifty cars and some freight bui
ings \vere entirely destroyed. Three men were kil
and .six badly injured. The damage to property
estimated at $25,000.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
Wanted a teacher for the Girls' School. Applicati
may be made to
John W. Biddle, No. 726 Buttonwood St
Ephraim Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebecca W. Kite, No. 459 North Fifth S
Hannah Evans, No. 322 Union St.
become great, and those which remained open liad
fallen behind."
In Germany, it is said as many as 40,000 live animals
are sent by post in the course of a year, and amongst
them some of large size.
A violent hurricane at Szegedin, in Hungary, on the
30th ult., destroyed the works prepared for restoring
the railway and restoring the breaches in the dams.
The waters have again risen in the town, reocoupying
ground that had become dry.
The unsettleiiient in Russia is unabated. A writer
in St. Petersburg says: " A feeling of universal gloom
prevails. The rigorous police regulations already in
force, are to be rendered still more stringent. After 8
o'clock in the evening nobody will be at liberty to show
himself in the streets without a certificate, upon which
must be written and attested the place from which the
bearer comes, and to which he is going. The measures
xre (ertainly stringent, but at the same time the inse-
■urily III Si, Petersburg is daily on the increase. Since
III.' :iiiiiii|ii I. II the life of the Czar, troops have been
licl.l ill ir;i.lim-ss day and night. On the 16th, a peasant
vva.s arrisiuil, in whose pockets were found dispositions
for revolutionary troops. According to this document,
letive operations were to commence in the night be-
tween the Ifith and 17th. Instantly the Government
made the most extensive preparations for defence. The
Died, at her residence in Oskaloosa, Iowa, the 2
day of 9th month, 1878, Sarah, wife of Dr. J.
Gruwell, in the 68tli year of her age, a member and
approved minister of Spring-creek Monthly and O.sh
loosa City Particular Meeting. She was of a meek ai
retiring disposition. In her ministry she was general
brief but lively ; ever seeking to know the Master's wi
and in simple obedience to follow his directions: sour
the doctrines of the Gospel of Chri.st, and in tl
principles and testimonies as held and put forth by tl
founders of the Society of Friend,s, she was often ma(
to grieve over the obvious innovations m.ade upon the
by those in the Society of later days; and, in her qui
unobtrusive way, she faithfully endeavored to raaintai
them. Her health, never robust, had become so feeb!
that for several years she had but seldom been able 1'
attend meetings ; this to her was a sore privation, yi!
In humble submission, she bore it with exemplary pij
tience and Christian resignation. As her end "dre,
near, in sweet serenity she could say : " I see nothin'
in my way — The way seems clear— I am only waitin'
the Mister's call, yet I desire to be pitient.'' Thest
and many expressions of like Import, evinced her happ
state of mind. " Mark the perfect man and behold th
upright, for the end of that man is peace."
, on the 7th of 10th month, 1878, Robert H
Smith, In the 77th year of his age, a member of Still
water Monthly and Particular Meeting of Friends, Bel
mont county, Ohio. He was firmly att.ached to th.
doctrines and testimonies held by consistent Friend
from the rise of the Society to the present time, am
often mourned over the departures from ancient sim
plicity apparent in many under our name. His las
illness was protracted and at times attended with mud
suffering, which he was enabled to bear with patience
He spoke at one time with much emotion of the pro
spect of a separation from his f.imily, and expressed a
choice in living a little longer on their account ; saying
le thought he could still be a stay to them In some re
peels, but added, "If it is not to be .so, we must leave
it to Him who knows better than we do." His relatives
and friends have the consoling belief that his end was
peace.
, at his home in Stuart, Iowa, 4th month Oth,
9, Benjamin. S.1HTH, in his 75th year. He was a
regular attender of meetings, and underwent manj
hardships and privations with which the early settlers
in the middle and western portions of Iowa were
familiar. After a brief illness he gently pa.ssed aw.ay,
He was heard I.. s:iy, n,.i I,,,,- before his sicknes.s, that
he was readv tor ih.- . Iliu,'.'. '
WILLIA.M 11. 1'
No, 422 Wi
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
70L. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIFTH MONTH 17, 187
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ce, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
C so. 116 UOBTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
How one Chinese Woman became a Christian.
Yanslated from her Verbal Narration, by
Adele M. Fielde.
My name is Sui ; I am thirty-four years old,
d have been a Bible woman four years. 1
ve now no near relative but the Lord, and
ve nothing to do but his work. If I had
eepted the gospel when He first sent it to
5 thirty years ago, perhaps I might have
pt much that I then had and loved ; but I
)uld not heed his me-sagetill He chastened
3 by taking away the earthly things to
[lich my heart clung.
My home was twenty-four miles north fi-om
re, on the seac-oast, at lam Chau. My
Lher was a fish-merchant, and did an exten-
re business; but he died when I was three
ars old. I had five brothers and a sister,
,d as I was much younger than any of them,
(vas a pet in the family. My eldest brother
adied for a literary degree, but as he was
Qder of making pictures than of reading,
I failed to pass e.Kamiuation. My second
other was a most filial son. When my
other entered a room in which he was sil-
ag, he would immediately rise, and remain
anding so long as she was there. He was
30 very talented. He began to attend the ex-
ninations when he was only fourteen years
d, and when he was eighteen he got a do
•ee. Then he taught, and studied for ;
gher degree; but before he attained it h
ed, at the age of twenty-five. My younger
■others tilled our land. Though there were
vo scholars in our family, I was never taught
> read. Girls are not taught to read unless
ley are the only children, and their fathers
lay then teach them for pleasure.
My mother was forty-four years older than
and she was always verj' tender toward me.
had my feet bound when I was thirteen
ears old; but when they ached in the night,
ly mother would tell me to loosen the band-
ges. Bound feet ache the worst when they
re still.
When I was fourteen years old, I was be-
[•othed to a young man at the city of Chung
lim, a league from my home. An old neigh-
or acted as go-between, and went to and fro
etween the families, till all the preliminaries
?ere settled. My future mother-in-law was
ery particular in previously ascertaining
rhether I would bring good fortune to her
lousehold. After learning the year, month,
ay and hour of my birth, she consulted a
blind fortuneteller, and got a favorable an-
swer ; then she worshipped before her family
gods, tossing up a split bamboo-root till it fell
so as to give an auspicious omen ; then she
made offerings to the gods in the temple, and
got from their interpreter a sign of acquies-
cence. After that, on a day chosen as lucky,
the go-between brought fourteen dollars done
np in red paper, and my mother received it.
With that the bargain was concluded, and
could not be broken by any of the parties con-
cerned. I was not consulted in the matter,
and no one told me anything about it ; but I
overheard what was said, and knew very well
what was going on, though I dared ask no
questions. Wlien I was seventeen, a lucky
day was fixed upon, fourteen dollars more
were paid to my mother, and I was carried
to my mother-in-law's house. My mother
had been busy for some months in preparing
my wedding outfit. It consisted of two wash-
tubs, two trunks, two strong cloth bags for
clothing, two large red lanterns, a thick cotton
coverlet, a pillow, sixty garments for summer
and winter wear, embroidered shoes, hair or-
naments of silver washed with gold, bracelets
and ear-rings. My jewelry was worth twenty
dollars, and my outfit altogether co-<t over
sixty dollars. I have still the coverlet and
one tunic which my mother then gave mi.
The jewelry I have given to my daughter,
except a pair of bracelets which were torn off
my wrists the day that wo Christians were
attacked and beaten by a mob, in the chapel
at Chung Lim.
If people are very poor, thev give their
daughters only a suit or two of clothing when
they are married. If they are rich, they give
them much more than the amount of the b
trothal money. I knew a man who gave his
daughter a wedding outfit with a thousand
dollars, and it included a rice field.
I was troubled about going away from
home, and anxious lest I be unable to perform
the duties of a daughter-in-law, and I did not
look upon my new garments with pleasure.
But all girls have to be married, and of course
I must be. The day before my marriage, my
mother gathered twelve kinds of flowers, and
steeped them in water, and the next morning
I was washed in this water, and put on an
entire suit of new clothing, with a fine outer
garment that my mother-in law had hired
from a wealthy official, and sent for the occa-
sion. I was then put into a sedan-chair, and
as it was lifted up, my mother took water in
which green peas had been steeped and threw
it on the top of the chair, for good luck. Only
the go-between went with me to my mother-
in-law's house. Neither my mother nor I had
ever seen any of the family into which I went
The go-between stayed three days and waited
upon me, then she went home. She received
nephew to bring me a bottle of hair-oil, and
to inquire after me. At the end. of a month,
he came again, and brought me an artificial
flower, and a basket of boiled rice. At the
end of four months, my mother sent a sedan-
chair to bring me ; and I went and ate break-
fast with her. It is not the custom for a
mother to visit her married daughter until
the latter has had childrcin ; and then the
other in-law must go and invite the mother
to come.
Some thirty years ago, — Lechler, a Gor-
man, the first foreign missionary that ever
preached here, came and lived awhile at lam
Chau. My youngest brother heard him preach,
and became a Christian. My brother used to
come and tell me about God, and would ex-
plain the true doctrines to me until the per-
spiration would run down his cheeks, through
his exertions in making me understand. He
came again and again ; but though 1 saw that
what he said must be true, my heart clung to
the old idols, and I wanted to adhere to the
customs followed by my friends. My head
received the truth, but my heart rejected it.
God has many ways of making people repent.
Had my husband prospered in business I
should never have turned to the Lord.
When I was thirty -four years old, my hus-
band wont with a cargo of goods to Siam ;
and there he took to smoking opium, lost
money rapidly, and never cama back any
more. I diligently made off'erings to the gods,
and every year spent as much as ten dollars
in paper money and incense to be burned be-
fore them. I consulted fortune-tellers to in-
quire when a letter or money would come from
my husband, and would often get the answer
for a certain day. Then I would sit in the
door, and watch for the coming of the letter;
and when any one that looked like a letter-
carrier approached, my heart would beat fast ;
and when I found there was no letter for me,
I would go in and cry. After I had spent
much devotion and money on the gods, and
found that they always disappointed me, I
began to think my brother's God might be
better. I went to him and said: "Brother,
hereafter I am going to worship God ; but as
there are so many who will oppose and de-
spise me, I will onl}' worship him secretly."
My brother told me that every one who be-
longed to Christ must confess him before men.
I went home and thought it over, and began
to go to worship with the few Christians at
Chung Lim. My son was so vexed, when he
knew that I meant to be a Christian, that he
cried; and my sister-in-law, who had before
been very friendly with me, hated me, and
locked the door so that I could not get in
when I came from the chapel. It was very
troublesome, indeed, being a Christian.
When my son was eighteen years old, he
two dollars from my husband's mother, and wont to Siam to search tor his fiither; and
one dollar from my mother, for the perform- hoped to induce him to give up opium, ihe
ance of all her part in the transaction. next year, when I was forty-one, I came with
After three days, my mother sent mylaomeofth
brethren and sisters from Chunj;
314
THE FRIEND.
Lim to 8watow, to be baptized. 1 had to
come secretly; and I sent my extra clotbing,
rice and cash for the journey to the chapel on
the previous evening; and early in the morn
ing came out and joined the Christian com
pany on the road. Before I got back to Chung
Lim, my sister-in-law went to three of the
four chief men in our clan, and told them
what I had done; and they agreed to wait on
the brink of the river for me, and catch me as
I was crossing, and crush me into the river
bottom till I died. But she went last to the
head of the vclan ; and he told her that the
foreign teachers were powerful, and that she
might get herself into serious trouble by kill-
ing a Christian ; so my life was saved. When
I got home, she reviled me, but nothing more.
My son went into business in Siam, and
then came up to Hong Kong. From there ho
sent me tvventy dollars, and a message asking
my pardon for his lack of filial love in not
coming to see me; but his ship was going
back at once to Siam, and he must go with it.
When only one day out from Hong. Kong, the
ship was wrecked, and all on board were lost.
When I heard this news, I did not cry, ex-
cept in secret ; for I feared that the heathen
around mo would say that my God was not
good. I thought, too, tiiat I must set the
weak Christians an example of submission to
the will of God. 1 have felt that my grief
was greater than I could bear ; but I havo
kept it shut up in my heart, and have never,
until to-day, told any one how great it was,
I have nothing now to rest my heart upon
but the hope of heaven. I have been deeply
troubled; but without the trouble I should
not have been saved. I am strong, and have,
perhaps, many years to live ; and if I can but
lead many to believe in the Lord, that will be
joy enough for me here. — Nat. Baptist.
For "The Friond.
The Common Salvation.
If I have apprehended, in any small degree,
the holy mind of Him, who hath made of one
blood all nations of men ; hath formed them
for his glory; and will render to every man
according to his works ; I am prepared to
without hesitation, that all those who serve
Him in their generation, according to the
light received, will be made partakers of his
mercy unto eternal life, through Jesua Christ
our Lord. Whether it be those, who having
not the Law (being void of instrumental
teachers) "are a law unto themselves," and
do by nature the things contained in the law ;
or those "who are under the Law," that is,
literally keep, with devout, subjected minds,
the literal commands of God; or those who,
being drawn thereto by the further extend-
ings of Divine power and grace, have pressed
forward from the letter to the life, from the
shadow to the substance, to a full gospel state.
These latter are the wise indeed, who "in
herit glory," and attain to that which excels
all former dispensations, — the full revelation
of the day of Christ; and are favored both
instrumentally and immediately, with thecon-
Htant lively operations of the good pleasure of
the Most High; and know what it is to sit
<lown with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the
kingdom of heaven.
These throe several states and divisions of
7iiankind are kindred to each other, and of one
Father; as were the sons of Noah, — Shein.
Ham and Japheth ; being partakers throug
a common salvation; such as theirs in the
outsvard was a type of. And their salvation,
though diversely witnessed both in manner
and degree, is of one kind in all — the light ol
Christ within, God's gift for this design. The
same, therefore, which saves the willing and
obedient, condemns the unbelieving and dis-
obedient, because it shines in every man that
comes into the world. D. P.
1868.
For " Tbo Friond "
Tnrkish Superstitions.
(Coucluded from page 307.)
" I happened one day to be making some
purchases from a Jew pedlar at the gate, when
a Turkish woman passing by came quietly
up to the old man, and before he could pre-
vent her, made a snatch at his beard and
pulled out a handful. The unfortunate He-
brew, smarting under the pain and insult,
asked the reason for her cruelty. 'Oh,' she
swerod, 'I did not intend to insult or hurt
3'ou ; but my daughter has had fever for a
longtime, and as all remedies that I have tried
have proved vain, I was assured that some
hairs snatched from the beard of an Israelite
and used to fumigate her with would be sure
to cure her.' She then tied up her stolen
treasure in her handkerchief and walked away
with it.
" While living at a farm near Broussa,
situated a few miles from the town, not far
from the ruins of a fine old hostelry called
the 'Bloody Khan,' my mother was one moon-
light night accosted by an old Turk while we
were out walking. He was a stranger in the
place, tall and handsome, with a snowy heard
falling upon his slightly bent chest. A pe
culiar, restless look about the eyes and the
numerous scars that covered his bare breast
and face, were evident indications that what
ever his present calling might be, his past life
must have been a stormy and adventurous
one. He walked quietly towards us, aud
stopping before my mother with a certain
amount of respect mingled with paternal
familiarity, said to her, ' ituzim, gel!' (daugh-
ter, come!) I have a secret to reveal to you.'
My mother followed him, and half amused
and wholly incredulous listened to the follow-
ing recital. Pointing to the ' Bloodj^ Khan,'
which, being situated upon the principal road
leading into the interior, had once been occu-
pied by a band of forty robbers, he said, ' I
was the chief of the band of brigands tbat
occupied that Khan. You must know its
story. Forty years have passed during which
my faithful followers have been caught, killed,
or dispersed, leaving me the sole representa-
tive of the band. A timely repentance of
my evil ways led me to make a Tube vow
and renounce the old trade. I have since
lived in ])cace with Allah and with men. I
have sworn to lay violent hands on no man's
property more ; but my conscience does not
rebel against attempting to recover what I
had buried beneath yonder wall. I want
your powerful concurrence to dig out this
buried treasure, the greater part of which will
be yours.' My mother naturally refused to
have anything to do with the att'air. Seeing
her unwillingness, the old man tried all his
powers of persuasion to induce her to take
])arl in his j)lan, saying, ' On mo, my daughter,
bo the sin. I will rest content with a small
I)ortion of what will be recovered, all the rest
the ark of the covenant of Christ Jesus, of|i abandon to you I' Finding this 'last induce-
ment had no more effect that his previW
promises, he turned away, saying, ' Since ilu
refuse I must seek somebody else.' Anvi'
the few Mohammedan iuhabitantsof the -n i
village, his choice fell upon the Imam, wh .
enterprising face promised the old man In t r
success. 'The cunning Imam, on hearin- it
brigand's tale, being persuaded of its ver;ui ,
at once promised his assistance, montaliv '-
ciding, however, that he would be the oi .■
one to profit by the hidden treasure, lie t
once began to make use of the usual stin -
gem of superstition, which could alone s< ( t >
the success of his plan. Telling the old m i
that according to his books ill-gained wrali
must be in the possession of evil spirit-
that in order to guard themselves ;i^
their influences during their digging . ;
prise, and to prevent the treasure from un
ing into charcoal, a peculiar process of a|ip ;
ing, and soothing incantations, wouM
needed; but that he would at once pi-ceei
to perform these, and at the first crowing
the cock all would be ready, and they wou
proceed together to the spot and unearth il
treasure. The credulous old chief stroke I h
beard, and said that with Allah's help an 1 tl
goodwill of the Peris by the next day tlu
would be rich men. In the course of the nigh
as arranged, the two, spade in hand, leadin
the Imam's horse bearing saddle-bags, pn
ceeded to the spot. The Imam commence
operations by surrounding himself and h
companion with as many magical observance
he could invent. Telling him to remov
the first spadeful of earth, they went on di|
ging alternately, until a hollow sound told th
harp ear of the Imam that the distance be
tween them and the coveted wealth was no
great. He threw down his spade, and acaii
resorting to magical mummeries, declarei
that the danger was imminent, as the spel
foretold resistance on the part of the spirits
and a refusal to yield possession unless a goa
were at once sacrificed to them. 'Go,' saiii
he earnestly, ' buck to the mosque, and in th'l
small chamber you will find three goats ; tak',
the milk-white one and bring it hero. l3o noi
hurry it much, but lead it gently, as become:!
the virtue of the offering.' The old man, noth^
ing doubting, with Turkish nonchalance weni
quietly back to the village, which lay abou
three miles distant. The Imam, once rid ol
him, and when in no danger of being seen ot
heard, set actively- to work, got out the trea-
sure, placed it in his saddle-bags, mounted
and rode oflT, and was never seen or heard ol
in the village again. The old man returned
in duo time, accompanied by the goat, to find
nothing but his spades, the pile of earth, and
the gaping hole. Disgusted, disappointed,
and enraged, he came back to the village, and
early next morning made his appearance at
the farm. Enquiring for my mother, he ac-
quainted her with the pitiable results of hia
attempt. This time the curiosity of the whole
family was roused, and we all proceeded in a
body to the spot. The old man's assertions
proved to be perfectlj' correct, and my brother,
upsetting part of the upturned earth, discov-
ered a handsome silver dish and cup, which
wo took home with us as trophies of the
strange adventure."
There are tears which arc thom.selves the
seed we must sow; tears of sorrow for sin^
our own, and that of others; aud tears of
tenderness in prayer. — Matthew Henry.
THE P^RIEND.
315
For "TheFriond." |
Letters of James Emieu,
(Continued from page 305.)
«9th mo. 24th, 1851.— In thinking of thee
id thy prospect during the wakeful hours
the night, it seemed to me as though it
ight be allowable and perhaps more than al-
wable to encourage thee to ' put on strength
the name of the Lord.' Thou art no doubt
iry sensible of the need of this in so great an
idertaking; but it may be that the enemy
ay take advantage of times of poverty un-
ily to cast down and discourage, and al-
ough I think it is wisely ordered that our
Ivation should be wrought out ' with fear
id trembling;' yet if we hold fast our hope
id contidencefirm unto the end, we shall ex-
irience a change of dispensation, and know
a truth the ' work of righteousness is peace,
id the effect of righteousness quietness and
suranco forever.' I do not anticipate that
ou wilt be exempt from pretty heavy bur-
sns, inwardly and outwardly, such as will
iry properly lead thee often into the closet
seek for a renewal of strength, yet I trust
lOU wilt also, both for thy own sake and that
' others, be enabled after such seasons to
vash and anoint,' and endeavor both to be,
id to appear as cheerful as an innocent
•avity will allow. If thou should yield to
idue discouragement, the enemy may then
)b thee of that secret ' word in season,' which
ill never be withheld at the needful time to
ich as hope and wait for it. Therefore I
ould desire to 'strengthen the weak hands
ad confirm the feeble knees: say to them
lat are of a fearful heart, Be strong, fear
at,' &c.
" 1st mo. 9th, 1852. — Thy note was received
a Seventh-day last, and should have been
lOre promptly answered ; but it always feels
weighty thing to offer advice and cou
Q such occasions, unless we are satisfied of
seling a little of the best help. The ministry
mongst us of late years, we all know, has
een such as to excite occasion for jealousy,
have very little doubt but with the Society
t large, the ministry itself has lessened in
reight and authority — and therefore I am not
arprised that those who may apprehend
bemselves called to the work, should feel a
unewed and increased care resting upon them
3 regard the apostle's advice, 'Let every man
rove hia own work ; and then shall he have
ejoicing in himself alone, and not in another;
3r every man shall bear his own burden,' or
early so. If we are permitted to feel tried
pith doubts and fears respecting our calling,
nay it not be so permitted in best wisdom, in
irder that we may thus ' prove our own work,'
* * and be driven home to the dear
laster's bosom, leave our petition there, and
.wait his answer. If ho does not say ' it is
Fell,' we shall not be condemned, I appre-
lend, for awaiting a more clear evidence — as
le well knows the occasion there is, when his
)00r church is so tried with wrong spirits
hat every man should prove his own work
\ feel it right therefore to encourage thee, not
,0 feel terrified, if the accuser of the brethren
8 permitted to buffet, but endeavor to hold
)n to that anchor which can abide the storra
intil it is overpast ; then we may hope that
udgment may be granted in the case, which
will enable us to feel that our standing is upon
ihe Eock and not upon the sand. The desire
to have an answer of peace, before the best
time, is very natural, and I presume very
common with the lambs of the flock
grow in experience we learn to
but as
judge
nothing before the time,' and that after we
have 'done his will,' as we apprehend, we
ly ' have need of patience to receive the
promise.'
2nd mo. 14th, 1852, * * * i thought
I felt helped and comforted in the reading of
W. E.'s letter — by his faith under all his tribu-
lations. * * * He who is the only foun-
tain of true Christian love and sj'mpathy, is
ever present and cannot be removed from us.
It is no doubt a time of general shaking
amongst us; and how needful under such cir-
cumstances that we feel ourselves to be baaed
upon that which cannot be shaken or removed
here must be our fellowship and unitj-,
members of the one spiritual body, many
members, but having one Holy Head and
Lawgiver. * * * The time was when 1
thought mj'self enabled sometimes to help
others, but now I feel much more like needing
help myself; but still I acknowledge that in
the hour of extremity, mercy seems to triumph
n the midst of judgment. I crave above all
things, purity of heart; and an increase in
those ' unseen' heavenlj' graces which are
much more professed than possessed by those
who bear the name of Christ,
d referring to the "operatic" music which
added to the attractions of the show, he
adds —
Where is the difference between the recent
Easter Floralia celebrated in most, if not all,
Protestant Episcopal Churches, and the heath-
en festival of the same name celebrated annu-
ally by pagan Rome on the 28th of the present
month.
Did they not both minister to the carnal
sensuous appetite? Were they not both cal-
culated to blind the eyes of the people, and to
turn their hearts and thoughts and aft'ections
from the worship of Jehovah, who has told
us in his Holy Word that ' they that worship
Him, must worship Him in Spirit and in truth,"
to the mere passing things of time and sense?"
It is pleasant to find a voice raised against
the growing tendency to appeal to the out-
ward senses in performances of a religious
nature. In reading the account of such ex-
hibitions as are above described, the members
of our Society may well rejoice, that its prin-
ciples do not admit of such things in our
meetings ; and they should be stimulated to
maintain the simple form of worship practised
by their forefathers. J.
" For The Fri<
Floral Decorations in Houses for Worship,
A writer in a late number of The Episcopal
Recorder, comments on the use of floral adorn-
mentsin the "Protestant Episcopal Churches,"
as their meeting-houses are styled — a perver-
.sion, it may be remarked, of the scriptural
and primitive use of the word.
He quotes from one of the New York
journals, which describes the appearance of
several of these on the occasion of the Easter
celebrations in that city. Of "Trinity," it
says : " The chancel was redolent of the per-
fume of choice flowers that were clustered in
huge pyramids around the pillars, and .several
striking floral designs graced the altar."
Of "Grace Church," we ai-e told: "The
floral decorations were elegant, though con-
fined to and about the chancel. Numbers of
people entered the edifice between services to
look at the array of flowers., On the reredos
was a wall of white flowers, with an inscrip-
tion in the centre, in carnations and tuberoses.
On either side the chancel were green branches
and white flowers, and before the railing, to
the left, was a handsome red and white star.
The pulpit was arrayed in roses and lilies,
with a clump of ferns at its base.
" At Grace Church the spectacle of luxury
and fashion made the roadway to heaven appear
especially easy and comfortable."
"The altar space of St. Timothy's Pro-
testant Episcopal Church was rendered beau-
tiful by a number of very artistic flower pieces.
In the centre of the communion table stood a
large Irish cross, the transverse pieces being
of white and the chaplet of crimson roses,
while round its base were clustered a quantity
of lilies and evergreen. Large bunches of fine
flowers were arranged in vases on each side
of this centre piece, and the entire table was
surrounded with garlands of roses, carnations
and foliage. A large mass of greenery was
also piled above the reading desk, and, being
dotted over with red and white roses and sur-
mounted with a cluster of calla lilies, formed
a very pleasing decoration."
After quoting some additional descriptions,
An Extract from the Memoir of Martha Routh.
— The different sittings of the Yearly Meeting
for New England, were seasons of heavy
exercise, yet, through Divine help, a little
strength was renewed to labor with other
concerned brethren and sisters, for right order
in the discipline of the church ; and a general
concurrence prevailed, that their meetings
beginning at an earlier hour, would tend to
more profit; and the ninth was concluded
upon instead of the eleventh ; which, for the
cause's sake, was relieving to my mind ; the
heat having been frequently so oppressive at
that late hour, that the body was scarcely
able to support its feelings, and the best life
was thereby greatly borne down ; and nothing
could be advanced, for the continuance of that
late hour, but the bias of old custom, which
many exercised members were religiously en-
gaged to break through.
Advices from Canada show the presence of
Sitting Bull and his warriors on that side of
the line has resulted in a serious and unex-
pected injury to the tribes regularly settled
there. The Sioux have killed so many buf-
faloes and frightened the" survivors so far
away that the Northern Indians are in a
starving condition. As the immense herds
of buffalo have gone south to the old hunting
ground of the Sioux, it is very probable that
Sitting Bull and his band will be driven by
hunger to return to the United States. —
Ledger.
Power of Conscience in a Pagan. — A follower
of Pythagoras once bought a pair of shoes of
a cobbler, for which he promised to pay hini
on a future day. On that day he took the
money, but finding the cobbler had died in
the interim returned, secretly rejoicing that
he could retain the money and get a pair of
shoes for nothing. His conscience, however,
says Seneca, would not allow him to rest, till,
taking up the money, he went back to the
cobbler's shop, and casting in the money said :
" Go thy way, for though he is dead to all the
world besides, yet he is alive to me." — British
Workman.
316
THE FRIEND.
Tlie Edupatioii of our Cliildrcn.
The subject of Education having claimed
renewed attention during our late Yearlj'
Meeting, the following extracts are taken
from a report adopted by the Yearly Meeting
of 1830. They show that this concern, in its
essential features, remains the same us fifty
years ago.
" If the children of Friends are expected to
grow up with an attachment to the Society
and its doctrines, and to conform to the testi-
monies we beliepe ourselves called upon to
maintain, it must become the fervent rel
concern of parents to commence the work at
an early period in life. They must be in-
structed in the doctrines and precepts of the
Christian religion, in the nature and grounds
of our own peculiar testimonies, and their
tender minds imbued with a love of piet}' and
holiness. Above all, we should be engaged
to enforce these precepts by a corresponding
life, and to show them we arc more anxious
to promote their religious welfare than any
temporal advantages.
" Unquestionably it is the duty of every
parent who possesses the means, to give his
children liberal instruction in useful know-
ledge, and to cultivate those mental endow-
ments which a beneficent Creator has be-
stowed on man for a noble purpose. But this
is not the primary concern. It is of more ira
portanco to guard them from the contagion of
corrupt principles and evil example ; and the
present condition of this Yearly Meeting,
renders this consideration one of extensive
practical application. * * *
" We therefore recommend that the Yearly
Meeting earnestly advise its several Quarterly
Meetings to enter deeply into the important
subject of education, and to promote in the
subordinate meetings, the establishment of
schools to be taught by members of our r
ligious Society, under the superintendence of
Monthly or Preparative Meetings, and that a
vigilant care be exercised in all the schools,
to instruct the children in the principles of
the Christian religion, and the peculiar test'
monies of our religious Society ; and that each
Quarterly Meeting raise a school fund, to be
applied, under the direction of a committee,
to the assistance of tiiosc meetings and fami-
lies which may requiVe such aid. The daily
reading of the Holy Scriptures, and the regu-
lar attendance of the scholars at mid-week
meetings, where it is practicable, should be
enjoined at all these schools.
"It is, however, important for Friends to
bear in mind, that the business of education
must bo begun ut home, and that the discip-
line and docility which will enable children
to profit by the instructions of their teachers,
and which often determine the course of their
future life, should be inculcated there. Earn-
estly do we desire that a religious sense of
these important truths may more and more
prevail in our Society. Were this the case,
wo believe that there would scarcely bo found
any situation so destitute or remote, as to de-
prive a child of the advantages of religious
education and of the rudiments of school
learning.
Signed on behalf of the committee,
IIiNciiMAN Haines,
John Foiisytiik.
Pliiladelpliia, Fourth month '.24tli, LSIiO.
Extractc<if'rorn thu Minutes of the Yearly
Mooting, Samuel Ukttle, Clerk."
CXDER THE LEAVES.
Oft have I walked these woodland paths,
Without the blest foreknowing,
That underneath the withered leaves
The fairest buds were growing.
To-day the south wind sweeps away
The types of autumn's splendor.
And shows the sweet Arbutus flowers —
Spring's children, pure and tender.
O prophet-souls, with lips of bloom
Oiitvieing in their beauty
The pearly tints of ocean shells —
Ye teach me Faith and Duty.
Walk life's dark ways, ye seem to say,
With Love's divine foreknowing,
That where man sees but withered leaves,
God sees the sweet flowers growing,
—Albert Laighlon.
Selected.
ON THE DEATH OF A YOUNG FRIEND.
Thy mercy, past all measure —
Thy love, so strong and deep,
Hath garnered safe our treasure
That we so longed to keep.
We give thee back thy loan. Lord,
And praise thee while we weep.
Safe from the tribulation,
From sorrow's rust and care.
From the subtle world's temptation
No more to shrink or share,
She rests in thy bright presence —
Lord ! we would leave her there.
No fretting moth can reach her
In the land where thou dost reign,
Sweet lessons thou wilt teach her
Before we meet again —
Raised like to thee in glory.
In robes without a stain.
Keep, Lord, our treasure! keep her !
Though our hearts are sore to-day.
Thou knowest while we weep her.
We would not say thee " nay :"
For the free bird's song is ringing
In the land of endless day.
—A. Shiplon.
The Seamy Side.
The recent essayist points out in a sentence
the reason of domestic infelicity. " The
seamy side of the cloth is often reserved for the
special edification of the home circle." The
husband, deferet^^ial and polite to his out-
door friends and business associates, is, if not
abrupt, careless and perhaps imperious in his
household intercourse. The wife, who has
received her callers with wonderful suavity,
and permitted them to leave with the im-
pression that she is "just lovely," drops the
company mask before her children and her
husband. The man and wife, who are held
in law and gospel to bo one, demonstrate
that there can bo repulsion as well as attrac-
tion in matrimony as in magnetism. The
children, who aro on their good behavior
when the mothers of other children aro ob-
serving them, show how completely they can
reverse the picture when nobody but their
own parents arc looking on.
Sincerity has its admitted place at the head
of all the virtues. It is for its very insecurity
that this dotnestic unpleasantness should bo
abolished. Usually the husband loves his
wife, the wife her husband, and children lovo
their parents. Let any real pain or misfor-
tune happen to either and this latent affec-
tion is made ovidont. Wh}' should it bo a
latent affection, concealed at all ordinary
times and evident only wheti the most its
exhibition can do is not to increase happiness]
but to alleviate pain ? In a word, why shouli
the " seamy side" only be obvious in tl
household, while among strangers the bei
aspect of the cloth is always presented ? If
is worth while to conciliate people for whoi
you care comparatively little, why is i(
also worth while to be in pleasant relatioi
with your own relations?
Yet, in the ftimilies which are eonsidere
happj', this consideration is too often ove
looked. We talk of the hard-heartedness i
uncivilized tribes, as if in them alone wome
were called upon to bear the heaviest burden
Yet the same view of the relative burdens i
women, children and men seems to be hel
" by saint, by savage and by sage." Tb
Indian warrior despises domestic duties
beneath him. Ho leaves with the wife th
daily wearing, weary drudgery of life, witt
out sympathy with her toil, and without tb
expre>sion of pleasure at the result of
labors.
How much better is the civilized man wh
comes home to his domestic tent proud of th
metaphorical scalps he has won in the battle
of life? How much less imperious is
when he lets himself down from his out dool
dignity to the 8li])-shod indifference of home!
and turns his coat as he enters "seamy side I
out? And what woman is there who doel
not perceive and inwardly resent the metal
morphosis ? It is perfectly natural that whaj
in himself the man over rates the womarJ
should underrate; and that while he look;'
without appreciation on her sphere, she look:'
on his with an answering feeling. Then
are, however, two sides to the subject. Per
haps the "equality" which is claimed for th(
sexes may include an equalit}^ in this warn
of consideration for each other. There is ar
operation among needlewomen called "fell
' seams. It means the overlapping and
stitching the edges down to remove rough-
ness. And there is an operation among
tailors called " pressing," which aims at the
same object in a manlier mode. If the women
would all "fell" the seaming sides of life, and
tho men "press" their rough edges down, a
good many of the irritating inequalities of
the domestic circle would become verj' smooth
indeed. Tho result would repu}- the labor,
and as trifles make the sum of life, the total
would bo a fair balance on the right side, and
handsoine dividends for lather, mother, chil-
dren, and all tho household. — Ledger.
Of all tho sirens' songs that lure men to
destruction and lull their fears while on tho
way, none is more soothing and more destruc-
tive than tho common temptation, in nearly
every breast, to do something by and by in-
stead of now. This temptation extends from
the affairs of one's soul to tho answering of a
postal card ; and it seems to affect octoge-
narians quite as seriously' as youngsters. If
you aro over tempted to postpone anything,
great or small, first bring sharply before your
mind this question : If I do not undertake
this matter now, precisely when and where
shall 1 ? Next year, next week, to-morrow,
ma}- bring with it duties quite as exacting as
those of to-day. If present work is neglected,
its demands or its memories will make future
work all the harder. The onlj' worker in
tho world who is thoroughly to he pitietl, is
he who is alwa3-s tr^-ing to catch up with
k before last. — S. S. Times.
THE FRIEND.
317
•• For The Frien^l "
He Extracts from the Diary and letters of Ebeiiezer
Worlli.
(Continned froni page 310.)
I2th mo. lOtfi. I think I may say I have
mj^ experience felt in a degree the truth of
It saying, " That all things work together
good to those that love the Lord." Just
'ore I was about to write to the Committee,
which i wished to express ray prospect of
ving the Indian country and returning to
ester county, I received a hurt in my eye.
lid not know, at first, but that my eye was
itroyed, but I soon found I could see some,
vas at the school near Cold Spring at the
le, (but) soon started towards Tunessassa,
lere I boarded ; on my way it was truly
Tifortiog to feel satisfied that I had been in
ne of my duty. I thought proper to re-
lin at home a few days and take care of it.
took place on Fourth-day ; on Seventh-day
sning I cut my thumb, and in the night was
:en quite sick. I began to think I should
t be able to have my sitting the next daj',
if I should be able to sit up, would be
ubled with drowsiness, as I had got but
,le sleep. Towards morning I laid down,
t could not sleep much ; to mj' surprise, the
xt day in my "sitting" 1 was but little, if
y, troubled with drowsiness. At this time
i thought of expressing my prospect of lea v-
r was felt (to be) a serious thing and rested
avy upon me; I could not feel anything
it would justify me in writing. It felt
cessary that I should (now) fix upon a time,
ich I was not able to do, though I had been
ich favored to do so sometime before. My
ae seemed much limited. I feared my letter
uld not reach Philadelphia before the meet-
I of the committee, and I so destitute of
ling on the subject, it became a great trial
me; I almost feared I should not be able
feel clear in writing at all, but when the
le drew nigh, I think I may say, I was
ircifuUy favored to feel liberty to write my
ncern, and rest my burden a little on the
immittee; for which I trust I was made
aly thankful. May this bo remembered as
encouragement to wait patiently, and rely
miy on my Divine Master, with my eye
gle and my whole heart given up unto Him
130, I believe, will never fail to comfort and
Ip his humble, dependent clyldren, although
his wisdom and mercy He withholds from
at times what we much desire, but are not
operly prepared to receive, and I cannot
It believe this is designed for our good. I
el bound to acknowledge that all the dispen
in which I thought we were favored at times
with a good degree of quiet ; at one time a
solemn qiiet ; and the countenances of some
gave evidence of serious thoughts. I can but
consider this day as one of great favor, and I
trust felt in a degree thankful for the blessing.
12th mo. 13th. Visited the widow
Jacobs, an old Indian. Called on my way
home at William Patterson's — I had for some
time desired an opportunity with him and his
family ; was favored to get William, his wife.
Old Blacksnake, and Samuel Patterson to-
gether— another Indian was also present ;
Samuel was my interpreter. I have for some
time felt for William on account of intemper-
ance, fearing it might be a serious disadvan-
tage to him ; although I said but little, I felt
in a degree eomfoited and favored to feel the
great necessity of living near unto my Divine
Master, in whom there is life, light, strength
and true consolation. May my time and
talents be more given up to his service, for
He is forever worthy, and all the glory be to
His great and excellent name.
12th mo. 16th. Went to Great Valley. I
was pleased not to find any Indians about the
tavern.
18th. Went to see James Washington, an
Indian, who had the cap of his knee broken
by a white man throwing him out of the
house. I think I had reason to be thankful
for the favored opportunity with him. I went
to see Jacob Fatty, who I understood had
been drinking ; not finding him at the house,
I inclined to excuse myself, although I sup-
pose I heard him chopping in the woods not
far off; this omission caused me sorrowful
feelings for a time. As I travelled down the
river toward Great Valley, I was glad to see
an opportunity of doing good. I saw (befo
me) an intemperate Indian that I wished to
have some conversation with, and in order to
make up for my omission. I drove pretty fast
overtook him, and invited him into the sleigh.
As we rode together I conversed with him on
the subject of intemperance; he acknow
ledged it to be an evil, and I trust felt in a
measure the truth of it ; after which I felt my
mind in a good degree relieved. I have great
reason to be very thankful for the favors of
this day, and desire from this time to be
more careful, not to omit attending to any
duly which my Divine Master is pleased to
require of me. Oh ! the necessity of living
near to Him, for in Him is all we stand
need of, and (when we are as we ought to be)
all that our hearts desire. Oh ! the precious
peace and safety there is in the Lord ; all the
ry trying to me at the lime, I have had
ason to be thankful for afterwards. May I
more given up to suffer for and serve my
T\nc Master, than I have heretofore been;
it is only in Him there is true comfort,
■en in this life, and on his unmerited mercy
ir hopes of happiness hereafter.
il2th mo. lllh. It was something of a trial
me this morning, to think of having my
tting in the school with the teacher and
iholars — the school had become larger. As
went I invited Benj. Williams to come and
terpret for me. 1 thought I was much
i vored to express my feelings to the scholars;
;ime of these seemed quite sober, and I
|iought were brought to a degree of feeling.
I vvas favored, after the opportunity, to feel
pmfortable. We had our sitting afterward,
tions of the Lord toward me, have been in friendships, the riches and honors of this
ercy and wisdom, and things that have been I world, are a mere bubble when compared
with this inestimable treasure.
24th. Went to Great Valley to take my
horse for Asa Jones to go to Collins Monthly
Meeting. As I felt my mind drawn to at
tend that Meeting I left home prepared that
if I should feel it right I might go. On the
way up the river I was favored to feel well
satisfied that it would be right for me to ac
company Asa.
25th. Started before 4 o'clock for Collins'.
It was a cold clear moonlight morning. We
went in a one-horse sleigh ; arrived I think a
little after 2 in the afternoon; distance 32
miles. Called at Lewis Varney's, took din-
ner, and then went to Joshua Palmerton's,
where we staid all night. I spent part of the
evening in conversation with Joshua; he ap-
peared concerned on account of his children.
26th. One of the older daughters seemed
lisposed to excuse herself from going to meet-
ng on account of business. I had some con-
versation with heron the subject, after which
I think 1 felt pretty well satisfied. Went to
meeting, in, and after which, I felt in a de-
•eo comforted. Staid all night at Joseph
attey's. Joseph helped me a part of the way
home in the morning; after leaving him I
walked about 20 miles to Napoli Centre; my
mind was so comforted that the walk seemed
but little trouble to me, and did not feel much
fatigued in the evening, though much of the
road was rough and slippery. Asa Jones had
taken the horse to go round by his father's
his way back to the school. I staid at
Napoli Centre (all night) ; got two letters
out of the office ; one from the committee
and one from S. Cope, both of which were
satisfactory. My bill in the morning was 50
cents, (for which) I had two good meals and
a good bed. It is a well conducted temper-
ance house, the family so quiet and orderly
that a stranger who desires quiet and rest
will find it a comfortable stopping place. It
is kept by a member of the Methodist society.
[I] came home by Randolph ; my mind con-
tinued to feel much comforted and supported.
Oh ! my soul, thou hast reason to look back
on the many unmerited favors which have
been bestowed upon thee, with feelings of
humble gratitude to the Great Giver of all
good, and to be encouraged to look unto the
Lord for direction and strength ; trifle not
away thy ])recious time in thy favored sea-
sons, but keep humble, keep thy spiritual eye
single to thy Divine ^Master, and in humble
dependence upon Him press forward in a
faithful performance of the duties which He
may bo pleased to require of thee. His in-
finite wisdom and strength are alone able to
direct and support thee; lean not on thy own
understanding, nor depend upon the arm of
flesh.
(To be continued.)
A Testimony to Plainness of Dress and Ad-
dress.— It is in my heart to leave behind me
a testimony to the truth. In my youth, when
dead in trespasses and sins, and walking ac-
cording to the course of this world, although
in my infancy educated in an esteem of those
precious testimonies borne by George Fox,
and his fellow-laborers, to plainness of dress
and address, I contemned them in my heart,
and departed from them in practice. When
I was awakened to a sense of my lost and
miserable estate without a Saviour, I em-
braced them with all acceptation in their
strictest forms, and have not since deviated
from them, either in sentiment or practice,
not for an hour: they are of God, and will be
established in the earth, when " the crown of
pride" shall be cast down, and the glory of
all flesh abased. Nevertheless, let none, who
by the influence of education, or any other
means, invariably adhere to them, glory in,
or value themselves upon a bare exterior con-
formity to these truths; while the inner man
of their heart is full of pride, self preference,
and ravening after the unrighteous mam-
mon."— From the Diary of Samuel Scott.
A man's life consists not in the abundance
of the things that he possesses. Full often
the more your goods increase, the more your
cares multiply ; the care to keep is often
greater than the care to win; while, after all,
318
THE FRIEND.
the care rightly to use, ought to be the most
weighty care of all. If thy God has loaded a
neighbor with ton thousand ayear, thank
God that he has not burdened thee in that
way. Be glad if he has given thee as much
as thou canst carry easily, and no more.
When I go fur a walk, I like a staff, — just
one ; but I should not like to be compelled to
carry a hundred.
An Allegory. — A great king, desiring to
teach his son a practical lesson, ordered a long
table to be prepared in one of the galleries of
his palace, set out with all manner of toys,
fruits and other things, which he thought
would please the little boy. Taking him to
a door at one end of the room, he said to him :
" M.y son, pass down this hall, and whatever
you are pleased with, you may take for your
own upon one condition — you are not to turn
back. When you have gone the whole length
of the table, and liave made your decision, go
out at the other door, and bring me what
you have chosen."
Joyfully the little boy started, enchanted
with the prospect; he ate and drank, and
gathered his hands and arms full of treasures,
and presently tiring of what he had, he threw
them away to make room for some more
glittering toy which attracted him farther
on ; but which when secured, somehow, did
not please nor satisfy him as much as he had
and rewards accordingly. Many a man would
be glad to work for Christ, if he could be
superintendent of a Sabbath-school, or engage
in some other showy service to be seen of
men, who otherwise could not be induced to
take some lowly position to bo seen only of
God. The Scriptures distinctly teach us that
God is better pleased with what ive are, than
with what we do. He loves obedience better
than sacrifice. If we expect to please Him
in our service, and be efficient and successful,
we must obey His command, and "tarry
until we bo endued with power from on high ;"
then wo shall be effective witnesses for Him
wherever wo go, even "unto the uttermost
parts of the earth." — Christian Standard.
From " The British Friend."
Ministry— Profession.
By adhering to our ancient mode [of wor-
ship], the "one-man" system will be effectu-
ally kept at bay. This is important, in this
day especially, when so many outside the
Catholic pale make mediators between them-
selves and Christ of some favorite preacher,
and do not go to worship, but to hear him.
To follow a man, however, whatever sect he
belong to, or however good he be, is not to
follow Christ; for one is man and the other
God. This danger exists amongst us as well
as elsewhere. Meanwhile, the minister may
bo ruined by sucli homage, for the text has a
expected, and ho was constantly looki ng back completely changed significance now : " VVho-
rogretfully on that which he had left behind, jsoever wiil bo great among you, let him be
or he saw something still farther on which lyour minister!" We want more of the spirit
he thought more desirable. Now, instead of ^of that Yearly Meeting doorkeeper who, when
being happy in having his choice of all these jacked if S. Fothergi'll was in the Meeting,
good things, the little boy grew irritable and
dissatisfied. At length he appeared before
the king with a sorrowful countenance, and
in his hands were a few broken toys.
" Is this all, my son, that you have brought
me out of the great variety from which you
had to choose?" " Yes, father," sobbed the
weeping boy; "that which pleased me at
replied: "Samuel Fothergill's Master is!"
Whoever goes after a man will find he de-
pends upon a reed (at best) shaken by the
wind.
I have been solemnly impressed with the
error to bo met with even in our Society —
that some are not called to, and do not affect,
so great a profession as others. I have known
first seemed so poor and inferior, when I had jit asserted that for a minister, things would
them, to that which I saw farther on, that I ' he wrong which would not be for another
could not be content, and always hoping to | p.-iend. Is not this to make Clergy and Lay,
secure something to please mo bettor, I could 'and, what is as bad, to set down different
not make my choice, and now these are all I (standards of right and wrong— a thing our
have. Oh, if I might go back once more !" JGi-eat Master does not do? But, to speak of
"Not so, my son," said the king, " that can- lp^o/es.s«o«. I cannot see how any Friend
not be; but let this lesson sink deep in your i pan think ho makes less than others— even
heart. As you go thi-ough life, enjoy eachlany Christian ; we may live up to it or not,
day all there is in it of pleasure and happi-lbut we 7nake it all the same by the name we
ness; do not look back with vain regrets, [bear, and one as surely as another. This re-
nor live in anticipation of future joys, oblivi-Lponsibility, I believe, wo cannot escape. O
ous of those which are within your reach, that none may think that they can safely
Let each day bring you its measures of cora-Uvalk below their revealed privileges, and tho
fori and cheer. Tho present is all you are ] liabilities to service any feel, by adopting the
'/ don't make a high profession ; thou
over sure of; by wisely improving it you
memories of the past will bo pleasant and
your future happinc
Presbyterian Journal.
will be assured."-
Preparation for Service. — Thora must bo
preparation before a man can do proper work
for Christ. "We behold a strange combina-
tion of zeal and worldly-mindedncss ; groat
activity for the oxtensior\ of religion in the
earth, united to lamentable indifference to tho
state of religion in the heart.". Wo believe
that much to-da}', which goes b}' the name of
"Active Christian Service;" highly com-
mended of men, is, in the sight of God, very
su])crficial, and will receive from llim little,
if any, commendation when tho lime comes
for it to bo tried. God looks at tho motive
art liolier than I." Such members of congro
gations are in no slight danger, and no regu-
larity of attendance and pleasure in hearing
ministers can make up for tho want. Religion
is an individual thing, and God a personal
God. Not only is it an injunction: "Bo yo
clean that hear the vessels of the Lord," but it
is another, "Let every one that nameth tho
name of Christ depart from iniquity." It fol-
lows from tho above that the highest standard
of truth and duty any may sot forth or live
by, so it bo Scriptural and sound, is binding
also on thoso who hoar or road of it, and seek
to escape its obligation l)y tolling their fellows
they do not make a high ])rofessioii.
Tholuxuiy of luxuries is that of doing good,
Do We Believe It?
Wo all believe in the omnipresence ai
omniscience of God, after our fashion. B
how many of us lay them to heart? He
many of us realize that God is everywhe
present, is with us always, and that he kno\
us altogether? Do wo really believe that 1
is with us in the darkness of the night ai
the silence of slumber? that ho is with us
wo wake, or as we go to our business or labc
that he is with the matron at her home, wi
tho man of business in his cares? Do we i
alize that ho sees each transaction, hears ea<
word, reads each entry in the ledger?
Does the treasurer, or trustee, or cashi*
or clerk realize this, as he " borrows" witho
leave from the bank, or from the employei
Does tho politician believe this, as he pursu
his dark and devious ways, covering up h
tracks from the eyes of his fellow-men ?
Still more, do wo believe that all our mo
secret thoughts are known to God? Do
the minister realize that each feeling of u
hallowed ambition, of self-seeking, of jealous
to say nothing of a thousand other feeling
arc as plain to the eyo of God as the sun
noonday ? Do we lay it to heart that he se
and records each impure, each passionate, ea(
revengeful thought? And does our life testi
to our belief?
And do we believe that he not only knov
and sees, but that he is present all the tin
with each one of us? Not seldom, persor
are very anxious to learn whether their d
ceased friends are near, and are cognizant
their welfare. Tho feeling is not unnatura
and perhaps it would help our feeble mor
purposes, would aid us to resist temptation,
we knew that the spirit of a departed niothi
or sister was at hand, looking on each at
each thought.
But all this is misty, and lies in the regie
of the imagination. What wo know is, th;
God is always at hand, reading us, knowit
us, understanding us better than wo unde
stand ourselves. And the question to be co
sidored is, Does this knowledge affect oi
lives? do we live as though all this were tru<
There is another side to this. God is wil]
tho righteous. Things may look dark ; har
may join in hand against goodness, again]
justice, against tho welfare of man. Til
throne of iniquity may frame mischief by
law. Satan may exult. Yet God is with u'
And "one with God is a majority." Uere:|
is strong consolation. Let us not be discou']
aged. Let us hope and work, and pray ac'
trust. — Nat. Bjpt.
Tho appeal of the Omaha Indians in behs
of the Fonca tribe is a most remarkable doo
mont. The}' ofter to sharo their lanil wir
the Poncas, and assist them until by their i
dustry they can support themselves. It '
plain that the Oraahas have nothing to lear
from tho whites as regards one of tho nio
important Christian virtues; indeed, the
charitable remembrance of suffering brethrc
should shame tho representatives of the rulir
race, whoso kindness has not gone beyoi
lip service. It might bo a good thing if tl
Omahas could send a few missionaries im
tho world. There is need for a spread i
such ideas as these so-called savages so ])ra
tically advocate. This generous olVer is ni
the unauthorized work of a single iiuiividnj
but the result of tho well-considered wish
of the tribe. — Ledger.
THE FRIEND.
319
Natural History, Soicnre, &e.
't'lre from Friction. — A Lieiivy shower of rain
ing driven us to the shelter of our attaps,
sat and amused ourselves with chatting
h the good-natured Malaj'S who accoin-
ied us, and who were ever ready and will-
to do us any kind offices. I seized this
^ortunity of learning the mode of producing
, which is seldom described, but usually
«n for granted as known. My request that
y would make fire was answered by one of
jMalays selecting from amongour firewood
ry stick of hardish wood, about 15 inches
^, which he cut with his parang into the
fa of a thickish lath, and having also made
pall notch on the narrow edge, siick num-
one was ready for use. Taking a smaller
ie of wood of the same kind, about nine
fies long, he pared it into a cylindrical
pe, and cut one end straight off. Then
ping the long stick on the gi-ound with the
side uppermost, and setting his feet firmly
m the two ends, he put a piece of paper
ler the notch, and taking the small stick
ween both hands, as be squatted before it,
listed the flat end to the smoothed surface
the larger stick immediately adjacent to
notch. He then rotated the small stick
idly between his hands, pressing it down
iD the larger one, until by degrees a round
B was formed, and a ligneous powder was
duced, which fell down the notch and
med a little heap upon the paper. After
ing thus rubbed for about two minutes,
powder began to smoke, and then turning
3k as the increasing heat charred it, sud-
ly became red-hot, and the tinder thus
ned only requii-ed a puff of breath at this
,ical moment to ignite the paper beneath.
5 exertion required was considerable, but
hort duration. — Collingwood's Naturalist's
nibles.
3irds as Hat Ornaments. — The other day I
le upon a new store in the city. The
idows were fairly dazzling with color. A
ly sunbeam falling upon them, the shop
nt flashed back a rainbow of blue and green
I red and yellow, indigo and vermillion,
ber and black and while. I paused to
;e. It was a store devoted to the modern
dion of adorning ladies' hats, bonnets, and
sses with birds and butterflies. All the
ners of the earth had been ransacked to
Lsfy this new craze. Whole birds, birds'
igs, tails, breasts, were here by the thou-
d. Butterflies and humming birds vied
.h each other in wealth of color and beauty
arrangement. It is true, there are many
res
for feather trimmings has almost annihilated
the ribbon trade of Coventry. Men, women,
and children in that once busy city, are starv-
ing because fashion has produced a new style
of ornament. So that to please the latest
whim birds must die and children must starve.
You may stand "on the bridge at Coventry"
now and see scores of people loitering tliere,
who, but for the supersedure of ribbons by
feathers, would be busily at work in the locked-
up mills. — London Letter to the N. Y. Times.
Effect of Cold on iJ-iiW.— The effects of a low
temperature on milk have been carefully ex-
amined by Eug. Tisserand, who recently com-
municated his observations to the Academic
des Science. He found that if cow's milk is,
immediately or soon after being drawn, placed
in vessels at various temperatures between
freezing point and 90° F., and the initial tem-
perature is maintained for twenty-four or
thirty-six hours, it will be found that the
nearer the temperature of the milk is to freez-
ing point the more rapid is the collection of
cream, the more considerable is the quantity
of cream, the amount of butler is greater, and
the skimmed milk, the butter, and the cheese
are of better quality. These facts, he believes,
may be explained by Pasteur's observations
on ferments, and their effects on the media in
which they live. It is probable that the re-
frigeration arrests the evolution of the living
organisms which set up fermentation, and
hinders the changes which are due to their
growth. — Lancet.
It seems to me that the fault of all theo-
logical systems arises from logical sequences
drawn from some revealed truth. Now, for
this kind of logic, I have no sort of respect.
Human ideas are the proper materials for the
processes of logic. A human idea I can com-
prehend. I can know all about it, and there-
fore it is a legitimate subject for my limited
powers. I know what is meant by a triangle.
I can therefore reason about it with confidence
in my conclusions. The ideas of revelation
are not human, but divine ideas, the concep-
tion of the infinite God. It seems to me that
they are not proper subjects for human logic,
and therefore, by applying reasoning to them,
we are led into absurdity. Take the tvvo
opposite ideas, the free agency of man and
the sovereignty of God ; how many men have
logically reasoned themselves into absurdity
on one or the other of these subjects! Now,
when we take acknowledged truth, and, upon
either side, reason ourselves into absurdity,
t is evident to me that we have passed the
n London devoted to specimens of bou^jg ggt, for human reason.— Franm Way-
.1 history," where these things mayl^^j^^?
atural insiory,- woere inese tnmgs mayi^^j^^^
purchased; but here is a shop full of them,
. as studies or specimens, but as articles of
irnmenl. Travellersand others tell me that
l-slaughter as a trade has now reached pro-
•tions which threaten the very extinguish-
nt of some of the rarest, as well as gayest,
eies. One can understand this when it is
ted on authority that a German dealer, in
ty, recently received a consignment of
In a recent effort to pay off a church debt,
the children in a Firstdaj' school were asked
to each earn something for a special contribu-
tion to this end. A little girl had earned
thirty cents. " I'd like my money all in pen-
nies," she said, " because then it will make
8 city, recently rece.vea a consignment ot ^^.^''f ""If ^^^'' ^ ^/""P ',S'"*° ^'^^ ^?f"
000 dead humming birds, 80,000 aquatic Jl^f ^^j'^7^ I S"'^'^ ^fj. '''^'; some older
ds of several varieties, and 800,000 pairs of ^'^"^^- " ^^^^ *'^^'' anvthinsr to ^ive. the
igs. This to one dealer alone ; while at the
ne time all theother traders are increasing
lir orders to foreign shippers. There is
uething very sad in these figures. Surely
• women can not think about the subject,
they would never promote this sacrifice of
d-life for a mere freak of fashion. The rage i
they have anything to give, th(
temptation is to make as much noise with
as possible. — Late Paper.
Blessed are those who die for God,
And earn the martyr's crown of light ;
Yet he who lives for God may be
A greater conqueror in His sight.
A. A. Procter
Moreover, when the Lord S'int me forth
into the world, he forebade me to put off my
hat to an}', high or low ; and I was required
to Thee and Thou all men, without any re-
spect to rich or poor, great or small. And as
I travelled up and down, I was not to bid peo-
ple Good morrow or Good evening; neither
might I bow or scrape with my leg to any
one ; and this made the sects and professions
to rage. But the Lord's power carried me
over all to his glory, and many camo to bo
turned to God in a little time; for the heavenly
day of the Lord sprung from on high, and
broke forth apace, by the light of which many
came to see where they were. — Journal of
George Fox.
Spiritual power is "from on high." It
comes directly from the throne. Jesus "as-
cended up on high ; he led captivity captive,
and gave gifts unto men." " Far above all
principalit}', and power, and might, and do-
minion, and every name that is named, not
only in this world, but also in that which is
to come," hath he sat down at the right hand
of the Father, and hath " shed forth" this
power upon the sons of men. It is not found
in books, nor does it come from books. It is
not to be found in the teaching of professors,
or in the curriculum of the schools. It is a
gift directly from God.
War. — When professing Christians become
practical Christians, there will be no longer
war.
—Bryan Hill.
THE FRIEND.
FIFTH MONTH 17, 1879.
A thoughtful observer of the religious world
will notice a marked difference in the tone of
feeling which predominates in different in-
dividuals and circles. He will find some who
seem strongly impressed with a sense of the
great departures from the law of the Lord
which abound in the world ; and who are dis-
posed to urge upon every one, whether they
be matured Christians, or those whose feet
have newly been turned into the way of right-
eousness, to enter upon every service which
has a show of good, especially to proclaim
abroad the truths of the Christian religion in
the line of the professed ministry of the
Gospel.
He will find others, who are equally desir-
ous of seeing the kingdom of the Redeemer
spread in the world, and who can adopt the
petition taught to his di.sciples by our blessed
Saviour when personally on earth, " Pray ye
to the Lord of the harvest, that He may send
forth more laborers into his harvest ;" but who
feel that those who enter this harvest field
must experience a preparation for their work,
and must know the Lord of the harvest to
apportion to every one his proper place and
line of duty. These recognize the fundamen-
tal principle that
" Transformation of apostate man
From fool to wise, from earthly to divine,
Is work for Him that made him,"
and that no labors of ours will promote that
end, unless the Divine blessing rests thereon.
Hence they are concerned for those who are
newly brought under the government of the
320
THE FRIEND.
Spirit of Ciirist in their owq hearts, and are
yet comparatively inexperienced in the dan-
gers and diflScullies that beset their Heaven-
ward Journey, that they naay be trained in a
watchful and humble waiting on the Lord to
know the frequent renewing of spiritual
strength from Him the everlasting fountain
of all good, and be instructed of Him by the
perceptible though gentle, manifestations of
his will, as to what they should do and what
they should leave undone. They feel assured
that to all those who are preserved in this
watchful, obedient and humblestate, the Lord
will open the line of service which He designs
thej^ should occupy, and in laboring out of
which, they will be more likely to mar than
to help his cause.
We noticed with interest at our late Yearly
Meeting, the language used in the public com-
munications of several Friends, implying their
belief that there were those under the prepar-
ing hand, who would be made preachers of
righteousness to others, if they did not frus-
trate the Grace of God extended to them, by
their own unwatchfulness or unfaithfulness,
or were not led astray by unskilful advisers.
Surely all can unite in the desire that nothing
may hinder the gracious designs of the Al-
might}' towards these ; and that it may please
Him abundantly to pour out of his Spirit on
sons and daughters, so that they may be able
to "prophesy" in his name, and bo instru-
mental in spreading a knowledge of the truth
over sea and land !
In John Churchman's narrative of his visit
to Great Britain, be mentions attending a
meeting where, he saj's, "there were many
tender young people, to whom I felt a salu-
tation in the love of Truth; but before I
thought it safe for me to stand up, a young
man not much like a Friend stood up, and be
gan to exhort them to bo faithful in discharg-
ing whatsoever tho Lord required of them,
and how eminently He would be with and
qualify them for his work ; as though they
were all appointed to enter upon some extra-
ordinary groat service. My mind was much
grieved, for I thought it would be more suit-
able for them deeply to retire and wait for
the virtue of Truth and sap of life, to experi-
ence a growth in grace and the knowledge of
God, that they might be prepared to work
out their own salvation. To expect a young
tree to produce abundance of fruit before the
branches are come forth and spread with
strength to bear it, is not reasonable."
Like John Churchman, there are many in
this day, who are grieved when they hear un-
wise counsellors urge the visited youth to
enter upon labors for which they are not pre-
pared, and the effect of which often is, to in-
jure the tenderness and hurailitj' which con-
stitute the most fruitful soil for the growth of
Christian graces, and to encourage a spirit of
self-sufficiency and self-confidence.
But while it is needful that all should de-
pend on the Lord's blessing in their religious
labors, let not any lag behind the true Guide
through slothfulness or excessive diffidence.
Services proportioned to their strength are
called for, even from the very young ; and as
these are performed in simplicity and faith-
fulness, there is a blessed increase of light and
strength, and such come to experience tho
fulfilnient of tho Scripture declarations, "Tho
I'ighteous also shall hold on his way, and he
tliat hath clean han(J8 shall be stronger and
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — The increase of business at the
grain elevator at Washington street wharf, Philadel
phia, has necessitated a number of alterations in the
working capacity of the elevator, and also an enlarge-
ment of the machinery and other apparatus. One of
the largest conveying belts in the world is about to be
placed in position. This has been manufactured in one
continuous piece of smooth rubber and canvas. It '
114-5 feet in length, by 36 inches in width, and weighs
over 7,000 pounds ; this belt conveys the grain along
the diflerent shute.s, the whole length of the elevator.
Extensive forest fires are burning in various parts of
the Middle and Eastern State.s, owing to prevailing
drought. Great damage has been done in the vicinity
of Scranton, Pa. Forest fires are also raging on the
mountains near Wilkesbarre, and also in the Hancock
Mountains in Western Massachusets.
During the last year there were -563 fires in Boston,
destroying buildings valued at $144,19-5, and their con-
tents at $250,256.
Another death is reported of those injured by the
mine disaster at Wilkesbarre. Immense quantities of
black damp issue from the mouth of the mine, indi-
cating that the fire covers a large area. A great ex-
plosion is anticipated when the water, with which the
mine is being flooded, rises high enough to shut off the
air. It will probably be necessary to flood the mine to
a depth of 300 feet, in order to extinguish the fire.
There arrived during last month at the port of New
York, 14,394 passengers, 11,601 of whom were immi-
grants. During the corresponding period of 1878, there
were 10,307 passengers, of whom 8,529 were immi-
grants.
A number of Southern emigrants to Kansas recently
passed through St. Louis on their return to their former
homes in Warren county, Mississippi. It is stated they
were not pleased with their reception in Kansas, and
were glad to return. The Mississippi Valley Labor
Convention, declares the causes of the colored exodus
to be, the low price of cotton, and the partial failure of
last year's crop, the bad system of planting, and bad
management in some sections, and the circulation of
insidious reports that the civil and political rights of
the negroes are endangered, or are likely to be.
Among the exports from this city during the week
were 270,518 bushels of wheat ; 276,247 bushels of corn ;
51,840 bushels of rye; 564,132 gallons and 3,500 cases
of petroleum ; 7 locomotives and tenders, and 1,500 bbls.
of flour. Since the first of the year the exports of petro-
leum have reached 16,289,793 gallons.
During the past week, a bill to prevent military in-
terference at elections has pas-;ed both Houses, and was
sent to the President on the 10th inst. The President
has returned it without his approval.
The mortality in Philadelphia for the week ending
at noon on the 10th, was 296. Of whom 174 were
adults, ,and 122 were children, 73 being under one year
of age. There were 48 deaths from consumption; con-
vulsions 13; cholera infantum 6; diphtheria 4; disease
of the heart 11 ; scarlet fever 9 ; typhoid 8; inflamma-
tion of the brain 10 ; inflammation of the lungs 20.
The deaths in New York for the same period numbered
509.
Markets, &c. — U. S. sixes, 1881, registered and cou-
pon, 106|; 5's, 103|; 4} per cents, registered, 106;
coupon, 107} ; 4 per cents, 102i.
Cotton. — Sales of middlings at 12| a 13 cts. per lb.
Petroleum. — Crude 7| cts. ; standard white, 8| cts.
for export, and 9J a 10} cts. per gallon for home use.
Linseed oil, 59 cts. from American seed, and 60 a 01
cts. per gallon from Calcutta seed. Lard oil, 48 a 49
cts ; crude sperm, 81 a 82 cts., bleached winter, 97 cts.
a $1.00 ; neatsfoot, 75 cts. per gallon for prime.
Flonr.— Minnesota extra at $4.75 a $4.87i for fancy ;
Penna. do., $4.7.5 a $5.25 ; western, $5.25 a $5.75. Kve
flour, $2.75 a $2.87 J.
Grain — Wheat is in good demand, and a alight ad-
vance in price. Penna. and Southern red, $1.15 a
$1.16 ; amber, $1.17 a $1.18. Rye, 58 cts. Corn, :!'-> a
44 cts. Oats, mixed, 32 a 33 cts., and white, 34 a
36 cts.
Seeds. — Clover, 5 a G cts. per pound; Flax-seed,
$1.40 a $1.42, and Timothy $1.38 a $1.40 per bushel.
Fresh Fruits.— Apples dull. Baldwins, choice, $2.50;
Rox Russets, i;2.20 a $2.35. Strawberries, 35 a 40 cts.
per <|uart.
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 70 a 80 cts. per 100
pounds ; mixed, 55 a 60 cts. ; .straw, 90 els. a $1.00 per
100 pounds.
Beef cattle were in fair demand — 5000 head arrived
and sold at 4 a 5J cts. per lb., as to condition. Hogs
were also in demand — about 6000 head sold al 5 a 6 cts.
per lb., according to quality. Sheep, 4 a 6\ cts., e
condition. Good spring lamb.s, $4.-50 a $5 per hea
Foreign. — The weather in London on the 7th i
was stated to be variable and very cold, with sho\
of hall and snow. The same weather was preva
throughout the kingdom generally.
Last year there were registered in the United K
dom 1,152,525 births, and 716,165 deaths; showing
excess of births over deaths of 436,460. The actual
crease of population last year cannot be ascertained
there were no complete records of the balance betw
emigration and immigration. The increase in 1
was, English 22 per cent., Scotch 34, Irish 27. Of
British emigrants, 54,065 went to the United Sta
10,697 to British America, and 36,057 to the A ustral
colonies.
In the House of Lords, the Prince of Wales ]
sented the petition of 3258 Norfolk farmers in fiivo
the bill legalizing marriage with a deceased wife's sis
He said he believed the measure would be of great
vantage to the community, and he would support
Lord Houghton (Liberal) moved the second read'
the bill. The Government, represented by Lord Cr
brook, strongly opposed it, and the second reading
defeated by a vote of 101 to 81.
In the House of Commons a declaratory resoli;
in favor of abolishing action for a breach of promise
marriage, except in cases where actual pecuniary 1
has been incurred, was carried by a vote of 106 yeai
65 nays.
The Metropolitan Board of Works, after the rec
experiment on the Thames embankment, find that
electricity costs 2} pence an hour per lamp more t't
the best gas giving equal light. 'The report declai
that the defects connected with e'.ectric lighting m
prevent its general adoption.
The Press Association announces that the War 03
has issued circulars asking for 1200 volunteers from
regular army for the Cape. Bounties are also ott'ei
to men in the militia, and to reserves who volunteer,
The consular reports from France show that duri
tlie first quarter of 1879, the imports of that coun
ceeded the exports by $77,000,000. The importatic
of articles of food show an increase of $34,000,000. T
imports and exports of silk, manufactured and unra.at
factured, have slightly decreased. The importations
raw silk and cocoons have fallen ofi" 32,000,000 franc
Minister Say report.s, receipts for the first four mont
of 1879 have exceeded the estimates by 30,000,0
francs.
There are now only two vacancies in the Fren
Chamber, which consists of 385 Republicans, 83 Bor
partists, and 63 Monarchists.
The population of Spain and the adjacent islands
16,62-5,800, including 40,741 foreigners. This is iin i
crease of 952,324 since 1860 ; 90,000 Spaniards inhal
Algeria, and 62,000 other countries. |
In the debate on the tariff in the Reichstag on t'
8th inst , Windthorst, the Ultramontane leader, spo]
in fiivor of protection. Whatever, he said, were t
grievances and oppression in Church matters, of whiii
they hiid to complain, where the throne, the fatherl.atj
and the most vital interests of the country were at st.alii
Centre would alw.ays support the Governmei'
Subsequently a motion referring a portion of the ta*
bill to a committee of 28 members was adopted. I
The Turkish Financial Commissioners have refusi
to sign the programme of reform elaborated by tl|
French and English members of the Commission, I
cause it renders the appointment of foreigners at tt
head of the administration compulsory, whereas tl
Turks desire the introduction of foreigners to be mere
optional.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
Wanted a teacher for the Girls' School. .-Vpplicatic
may be made to
.lolm W. Hi. Ml.-, No. 726 Buttonwood St.
I'l. 111-., 11,1 Suiil,, \o. 1110 Pine St.
H,l..v,M W. Kit,., No. 459 North Fifth St
Jlannah l.;vai.s, No. 322 Union St.
FKIKND.S- ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, (Tivenly-lhird Ward,) r/iiladdphia
Physician and Superintendent — JohnC. Hall, M.l
Applications for the Admis.sion of Patients may 1
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board
Managers.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
70L. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIFTH MOKTH 24, 187
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
f paid in advance, $2.00 per annum; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is ch,irged for
Po.stage on those sent by mail.
Sabicriptlona and Payments received by
JOH^^ S. STOKES,
r so. 116 SOBTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELFBIA.
From "Tbo British Friend."
Man! Know Tliyself.
For pith and brevilj- this duty could not
ve been better inculcated. The three words
y be said to contain the sum and substance
Paul's exhortation to the Corinthian be
vers : " Examine yourselves, whether ye be
the faith; prove your ownselves. Know
not your ownselves, how that Jesus Christ
in you, except ye be reprobates?" There
other three words very familiar to Friends,
: " State of Society," the result of this pro-
sof self examination, especially' at the time
our annual gathering; and as this time is
se at hand, it has occurred to us that the
esentation of sundry questions on points
-imately connected with our aggregate or
lurch condition, might very profitably come
fore hand under iVi'iiyfdMa^seriousconsidera-
m, in the way of helping to a sound conclu-
)n, since what we are individuall}', we are
Church. Some of these questions are as
Hows : —
How is it there is amongst our members
ch a graduall^^ increasing conformity, in
,rious ways, to the spirit, maxims, and cor-
pt practices of the world, unquestionably op-
ised to New Testament teaching, as Friends
ed to think? Has the tendency of these
ings so changed as to be promotive of
favenly-mindedness, or has not the worldly
ind acquired the ascendancy in us? How
has the chai-acter of modern literature
id the introduction of music and singing
to our families, influenced our members and
nded to bring about this result? And h
it that the writings, memoirs, and records
■ our early Friends are now so little in favor,
not wholly rejected?
How is it that our ministers, in their preach
ig and teaching, now dwell so little on the
ews and principles professed by us? Th
reaching of the gospel is said by some to be
primary duty, but our principles can never
3 dissevered from the gospel — they being th
!8ult of the teachings of Christ under th
aickening power of the Holy Spirit, and
litable subjects for exhortation and vocal
rayer. Ought we not also to hear more than
e do, of the practical character of our simple
lode of silent worship, of the wondrous work
f the Holy Spirit, and of the Headship of
ifarist in our Church ? &c.
How is it that we now so seldom hear our
linisters speak of the great benefit and privi-
)ge of the practice of private retirement, and
waiting on the Lord in the privacy of our own
closets?
How is it there is often, on the part of
many, so little apparent interest in our meet
gs for worship, unless there is much vocal
ministry? And, further, how can we satisfac-
torily explain the neglect, altogether, in very
many cases, of our members attending meet
ngs, except on First-day mornings? and,
again, how is it so many of our members go
to other places of worship in preference to
our own ?
How is it we hear so little now-a-days of
the Christian's duty of self-denial, and taking
up the daily cross, and that writers in our
public papers satirically tell us, "the self-
denial of the Quakers of the present day is a
very comfortable sort of thing, and few need
shrink from it?" &c.
How is it there is such a change of view
d practice in regard to the attendance of
placesof amusement, concerts, oratorios, "vain
sports?" &c.
How is it that Friends are taking to wear-
ng mourning ?
Why is our protest against " Water Bxp-
ism" and partaking of the " Sacraments" so
far relinquished that we allow our members
liberty in regard to it, forgetting this used to
be oneof the distinctly defined testimonies for
which our forefathers suffered so much ? Do
ive not thus practically ignore our former
protest ?
Can Friends consistently with their pro-
fessed views lake part in what are called
Revival Services?' Is it not desirable to
avoid as much as possible the adoption of
questionable expressions commonly used on
such occasions, such as, "Do 3'ou believe?"
" You have nothing to do but to believe
" Are you saved ?" " Have you come to
Jesus ?'' " Have you told Jesus !" " Go and
tell Jesus ;" and many others which have been
very freely adopted by some of our members ?
and is it not important to guard against the
very frequent and familiar use of the name of
Jesus? ''Jesus" by itself sounds wantin
reverence as used by many persons who speak
in public.
Are our missionary efforts in India and
Madagascar really helpful in spreading our
genuine Christian profession? Or can it be
admitted that the preaching " the gospel of
the grace of God" can be complete if ignoring
our distinctive principles?
Does the reported increase of the number
in membership with us really indicate an in-
crease of spiritual life?
Are we not in danger, iu our earnest zeal
for the Lord's cause, of diverging too far from
the old line of our profession, and in the in-
creased activities of the present day also in
danger of forgetting the peculiar and very
special work in which our forefathers were
so manifestly owned and blest of the Lord ?
Instead of profiting by their faithful example,
and following in their footsteps, are we not
arving out for ourselves another way more
n accordance with our own liking and in
mitation of others? — thus doing more harm
than good, by leaving a sphere so clearly our
own, and taking up work committed to others,
for which they may be much better qualified.
Is it sound reasoning, or does it not rather
ndieate a want of faith in our professed prin-
liples and practice, to say that our meetings
for worship, " composed as they are of old and
j-oung, rich and poor, ignorant and learned,
converted and unconverted, are not adapted
to present times?" Has the Truth changed,
has the Lord's arm become shortened, has his
Spirit lost his leavening, converting, teaching
power ; and can He not now work, as for-
Ij', in his own way, bringing all states
and conditions under his all-constraining in-
fluence ?
Is it true that the wonderful influence for
good, once exerted by our Society on other
branches of the Church of Christ, so that
everywhere it was beneficially felt, is rapidly
passing away, as w^ are assured by some, not
)f our Society ?
Of the important and responsible commis-
sion of ministry as acknowledged by our So-
ciety, is it the same as formerly, or has it not
lost much of its reaching power; and what
has become of that remarkable gift of many
ministers in former days of "discerning of
spirits," and so very strikingly preaching to
the states of indicidunh ))resent; and what is
the reason of what used to be called "family
visits" being so much out of favor now ?
There must be a cause, and may it not be
found in the humiliating fact of a too super-
ficial experience of the preparing, leading, and
practical guiding of the Head of the Church?
Hoio much have we left of what used to be
considered genuine Quakerism? One thing
after another is relinquished under varied
pleas, and legislative enacttnents have also
(a-i in the case of oaths) relieved us of much
responsibility, and this wc should be thankful
for; but surelj' we can never with safety set
aside the teachings of our Divine Master him-
self in what we profess, however much we
may wish to find an easier path to the king-
dom. He has told us, and surely we would
not wilfully turn away fi-om his words, "If
any man will come after me, let him deny
himself and take up his cross," &c. " For
strait is the gate and narrow is the way (now,
as over) that leadeth unto life, and few there
be that find it."
Has the subject of Birthright membership
yet obtained that close consideration which
it deserves, as calculated to show how very
much of our degeneracy, as a church, cannot
but be caused by the unconvinced and worldly-
minded being held members and entitled to
legislate for the Church?
On seriously pondering the above queries,
the reader cannot dispute the evidence which
they afl'ord of conformity to what may be
termed a worldly profession of Christianity
322
THE FRIEND.
on the ])art ol
injurious to Fr
loo many unilor our name —
Mids themselves, lujt less than
to those around them. We cannot influence
others for good, if we countenance them in
practices at variance with the Christian call-
ing as set forth by the Apostle James — " Pure
religion and undefiled before God and the
Father, * * * keeping ourselves unspotted
from the world."
maintained through the greater portion of bis
reign the freedom of the press, and emanci-
pated millions of serfs, giving them an in-
terest in the land. The true cause of this
revolt against social order is atheism, and the
spread of atheism is due especially to the cor-
ruptions and superstitions of the Greek Church
which has ceased to feed the p-ople with the
bread of life. The neglect and disuse of the
[Bible], the support of a profligate, drunken,
gambling priesthood by taxation, the fetters
thrown around religious inquiry, making
membership in the Greek Church compulsory
for those who had been born in it, are an ade
form. This explains the spread of this move- Isive measures have been adopted
,„„„f„«l 1„„™ 1 ,i.,,l. 1 :^ ■ : -11 . ,. -r'..
The Nihilists of Russia.
Civil govorntnent, the family, property' and
the institutions of religion, are at this moment
threatened throughout an empire of eighty
millions of people. "The Eussian National quale explanation of this fearful development
Secret Society" has been given as the name ot atheism in its boldest and most intolerant
of the combination which aims at this result;
also, " The Society for the Freedom of Russia."
But the name "Nihilists," assumed by these
agitators in the ''Confessions of a New Gen-
eration," a series of letters published in a
Eussian Journal in 1864, is now their univer-
sally recognized designation. Derived from
the Latin, nihil, signifying nothing, it denotes
that they believe in nothing. Their philoso-
phy is the extreme of skepticism. The being
of God, the authority of law, the right of pro
repudiate their authority. Women, as ^i
as men, affect contempt for the mere cererac
of marriage, and enter into the relation wi
out the legal formalities. They cut off tb
long hair, and many have entered professio
Young ladies, even of the highest ranks
society, have dressed themselves as peasa
and sought menial employment, that tt
might instruct others in their peculiar vie'
Tombovskoie, a wealthy princess, and movi
in court circles, was discovered among peas£
washerwomen with this object. In ma
schools the young girls nearly all became ci
verts.
It is not surprising that the government
profoundly alarmed, nor that terrible repr
ment so largely among educated men and even
the nobility. It is not the uprising of a mob
howling for bread, but a revolt of the human
mind against superstition and oppression.
The determination to destroy every institu-
tion which is based on the idea of God is a
natural manifestation of this fell spirit. The
assassination of rulers, the blind, passionate,
vindictive striking at law by men whom
cruelty has embittered and skepticism has
perty, the future or even the present life ofi absolved from restraint, is not surprising,
the soul, have all been swept away out of the Nor is it strange that the methods of suc^h
minds of these reckless agitators. The his- men should display a grim, sardonic cruelty,
tory of these opinions in Eussia, and of the which thrills society every where with horror,
societies organized to propagate them, reacheslllustrations are abundant. On the 8th of
back to the formation of various secret orders February, a servant girl went to the oflice of
which sprung up after the French Eevolution.Uhe Kharkoff Messenger, and stated that her
These led to an attempt at revolution which
was suppressed in blood, — December 19, 1825.
Citizens of St. Petersburg remember that ter-
rible day as one of dreadful carnage. All the
principal streets of the capital were red with
the blood of the victims. Then followed the
master being dead, her mistress had despatch
ed her to beg that a space bo left in next day's
paper, and that the space should be bordered
with black for the insertion of the gentle-
man's obituary. The girl said that her mis-
tress was unabk'to write the announcement
stern reign of Nicholas I. A secret soeietyl herself, but would send it to the office later in
was formed at this time under the name of the evening. The announcement was never
lemory of sent, and the entire issue of the paper ap
" Decabristy," or Decembrists,
the month in which the massacre had occu
red. Its object was to dethrone Nicholas I.,
in order to form a constitutional government
with Constantine Paulovitch (an elder brother
of Nicholas I.) at its head. An organ called
the Kolokol, (The Bell) was established in its
interests in London, with the famous Hertzen
who died not many j'ears ago in Switzerland,
an exile and under sentence of death by the
Eussian government, as its editor. His emi-
nent abilities and fanatical enthusiasm gave
him great influence, especially with young
minds.
Through the influence of this journal and
its editor, now societies under such names as
" Land and Freedom," " Young Russia," &c.,
were organized throughout the Empire.
Undoubtedly or)o cause for the rapid spread
of this fanatical conspiracy has been the
severity and cruelty of the Eussian adminis-
tration. The terrible punishment of the knout,
and the equally dreaded fate of banishment
to Siberia, have been familiar instruments of
vengeance and repression in the whole history
of the Empire. The government is an abso-
lute despotism, and as such is out of harmony
with all the ideas of the age. But that some
deeper cause than this must be sought for so
vast and malignant a social phenomenon, is
evident, because the present Czar under whom
nihilism has attained its greatest develop-
ment, has been the most benevolent and pro-
gressive of all thorulorsof modern Eussia. He
has promoted internal improvements, granted
valuable civil privileges, such as trial by jury,
The
peared with the small black-bordered space.,
enipty. Everybody noted it, and wondered
for whose name the space was intended. In
the evening Prince Krapotkin the Governor
of Kharkotif was killed, and simultaneously
several rockets vvere sent up from different
ends of the city. The secret power after-
wards avowed itself the author of the assas-
sination,and madeadotailed complaintagainst
his administration. In Odessa, as the St. Pe-
tersburg Zeitung announces. Colonel Kropp,
of the gendartnerio, was murdered by an un-
known man in his own house. Near the
corpse was found a paper on which was writ-
ten in red letters: "With th<i compliments
of the Social Eevolutionary Executive Com-
mittee! So perish all tyrants and their co-
adjutors!" General Baron Dreutelen, head
of the secret police, received a letter which
ran thus: " The Secret Committee well knows
that you do not fear death, but it also knows
that you have one passion and love in the
world, and that is your daughter. The Com-
mittee have, therefore, decided to strike you
through this child of yours." A 3'oung stu-
dent who had steadfastly refused to join,
wrote piteously to his father to come and
take him home, staling the influences by
which ho was surrounded and that his life
was in danger. The father hastened to the
place, but before he reached it his son was
dead, killed by an unknown hand.
Those who adopt the new views cherish
the utmost contempt for the old order of
things. Children despise their parents ai:d
mpossible to foresee. Like the Fren
Eevolulion, it is, of course, a terrible incide
j^et only an incident in the advance of c
race toward universal truth, holiness and frf'
dum. It is attended with'a remarkable int
leclual quickening. It will remove, rougl
indeed, but effectually, some of the chicf^f
ters on human progress. It will help to sect
civil and religious freedom for Eussia, a
that once gained will never be lost. Its (
cesses, like those of the Eeign of Terror, m
serve as a beacon to warn the world agaii
the atheism from which they sprinc. — 2
Christian Statesman.
" For The Friend
Morning Thoughts.
It is written as one of the essential duti
of man, that he " keep himself unspotted frc
the world." This short sentence implies mu(
and requires more than he is capable of 1
complishing in his own might and strengi
no matter how determinedly ho maj- stri'
It is the Spirit of the Lord alone that c
enable man, who is by nature o/the world,
live and mingle in the world, and keep hi
self unspotted from it. Protection from Cii
tivity by temporal things cannot be thorouj)
ly known except through obedience to th
invisible power, which, if received in the hes
in the way of its coming, will not only pi
serve from terrestial bondage, but give abili
to use and enjoy the favors bountifully I:
stowed upon us in their proper places
permiling them to enslave the soul, and
it in the earth, but enabling us to prize the
as blessings on the way to a more durable a
peaceful abode where temptations and trij
are no more. ip,
Ohio, 5th mo. 12th, 1879.
It was a spiritual and heavenly vision whit
the prophet t)aniel had, when "ho saw the i
terpretation of the king's dream : " a stone c
out of the mountain without hands, smite
the feet of the image, and break in pieces t
iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, the gol
and become a great mountain that filled t
whole earth." A remnant in this ago are cot
to the same everlasting Light aiid spiritu
eye, whereby they see the power of God, si
nified by that stone, prevail against all
agery, not only without, but within also; ai
know the ground of it shaken and remove
The dark thoughts and imaginations of mi
are the grounds of the imagery upon the fa
of the earth ; and that power that brea
Ihem down, and brings every thought in
the obedience of Christ, is the anti ly |)o of th
stone and its work, revealed to Daniel, ai
dreiimod of by the king. In this day of ligi
THE FRIEND.
323
knowledge some are come to witness this
e stone become a great mountain, and to
the earth, and to be the chief foundation
corner-stone, elect and precious ; the rock
hiding-place of the righteous in this, and
iges. These abide in it, whereby they are
served from making likenesses and images
themselves, either of things in heaven, or
igs on earth ; and out of the many mix-
3S prefigured by the iron, brass, clay, silver,
1; and the defiling and corrupting them-
es therewith. There is not another means
preservation, nor of coming to receive the
te stone which John, in his vision and
elation, saw, wherein is the new name
tten, which none knoweth, save he that
h it. — WilUam Shewen.
For "The Friend"
The People of Turkey.
Che inhabitants of Turkey are by no means
one race, but are a collection of tribes,
ose former history and present character-
cs diff'er as much from each other as do
■se of some nations who are entirely inde-
^dent.
fhe author of the work from which was
i,wn the account of Turkish Superstitions,
plished in previous numbers of this journal,
kcribesthc peculiaritiesof the different races
ich inhabit the European part of the Sul
8 dominions. Of these the Greeks appear
be the most prominent in intellectual force
d enterprise. In illustration of this latter
it, she relates a conversation which she
1 heard between two medical men of Con
.ntinople, one of whom, to use his own ex-
jssion, said, " There is an immense amount
go' in the Greek."
Go!" repeated the other, waxing hot, "Too
ch so, I believe: there is no telling where
Greek's enterprising spirit may not lead
n, or where his ambition will stop I Listen
my experience on the subject and judge for
urself. Some years ago 1 was asked by a
od old Greek I knew very well to take his
youth of twenty, into my service. Ac-
rding to the father's recommendation, he
IS a^'good Greek scholar and knew a little
itin. I asked the father in what capacity
was to engage him. ' Any you like,' was
reply; 'let him be your servant— your
ive.' ' Very well ; but he will have to clean
boots and look after my clothes!' [' very
ell'] was the response, and I engaged his
■'On the following day my new valet en-
' .pon his duties. He was a good-looking,
t, and intelligent fellow, and at first exact
able in the performance of his functions ;
c gradually he became lax, absent in man-
r, and negligent ; although steady and quiet
his conduct. One day the mystery of this
„ange was revealed on my returning home
(lexpectedly, and finding the fellow, instead
: cleaning my boots, which he held in his
and, deeply plunged in one of the medical
orks on my table. In my anger at seeing
ly papers and books meddled with, I brought
ly boots into contact with his head, telling
im that if ever I caught him again at that
)rt of thing, he would be punished more
jverely. 'Forgive me,' said he, in a very
enitent manner, and walked demurely out
f the room. Ho showed, however, no signs of
nprovemont, and subsequently I discovered
committing no less a piece of imperti
ence than copying some prescriptions that
lay on my desk. This was too much ; so, as brigand chiefs
a punishment, I made him take one of the
potions ; but on the next day he calmly told
me that the iatrico had done him gDod, having
calmed his blood and cleared his head! Of
course, I dismissed the fellow and replaced
him by an Armenian, who answered my pur-
pose better, though he did dive now and then
rather extensively into the larder. For some
years I lost sight of my former valet and had
"forgotten his very existence till it was brought
to my recollection in the followini^ unexpected
manner. I one day received a pressing mes-
sage to go at once to the house of D — Pasha
to°see a sick child and hold a consultation
with his new hekim bashi (doctor) on its case.
At the appointed hour I went, and on enter-
the konak was ushered into the selamlik
to'await the arrival of the other doctor who
was to lead mo into the harem. In a few
minutes my supposed colleague walked in,
hat and gold headed stick in one hand, while
the other was extended to me, with the words
(good morning, doctor). The face and voice
transfixed meVor a moment, but the next pre-
sented to me the fact that my former valet
stood before me, claiming the right of holding
a consultation with mo. Whereat I was on
the point of giving vent to ray indignation,
by seizing him by the collar and ejecting him
from the apartment, when he quietly said,
' Excuse me, doctor, but I stand before you
in right of the diploma I have obtained from
Galata Serai. Allow me to submit i^t to your
learned and honorable inspection.' There
was no
was in pe
this neighborhood! For
the last seven years he and his band have
been the terror of this kaza, in consequence
of their robberies and murders, respecting
none but those of your sex,— guided, I pre-
sume, in this, by the superstition, or let us say
point of honor, some Albanians strictly ob-
serve, that it is cowardly and unlucky to at-
tack women.' "
The respect entertained for women ac-
counts for a strange custom prevalent among
Albinians,— that of offering to strangers who
wish to traverse their country, the escort of
a woman. Thus accompanied, the traveller
may proceed with safety into the most isolated
regions."
" A friend related to me a strange adven-
ture he had with an Albanian ex-brigand, who
for some time had been in his service. This
gentleman was a millionaire of the town of
P., who in his younger days often collected
the tithes of his whole district, and conse-
quently had occasion to travel far into the
nterior and bring back with him largo sums
of money. During these tours the taithful
Albanian never failed to accompany his mas-
ter On one occasion, however, when they
had penetrated into the wildest part of his
jurisdiction, his servant walked into the room
where he was seated, and after making his
salute, said, •Chorbadji, I shall leave you;
therefore I have come to say to you good-
bye.'
"'Why,' said the astonished gentleman,
' what is to become of me in this outlandish
place without you ?'
"'Oh,' was the response, 'Heave you be-
cause I have consented to attack and rob you,
and as such an act would be cowardly and
the
M denying the fact ; the fellow's diploma
in perfect order, ily anger cooling,_I
Mited to consult with him, when he again
however, was only momentary, loi, laiiing j- j, vi. j^uu
rrp;irr„ri'>=s'"4''-;-«™'st&wi--»io..
him, and he, yielding with a good grace to
my experience, carried out my orders with
great precision. 1 had subsequently many
opportunities of meeting him, and must in
justice say that he turned out one of the best
pupils of Galata Serai, and the most grateful
man 1 have ever known. He is at present
attached to the Red Cross Society, to which
he ^ives the greatest satisfaction."
The Albanians, who inhabit the ancient
provinces of Illyria and Epirus, which are
mostly rough and mountainous, are a warlike
and turbulent people, among whom robbery
and brigandage are very common. Yet they
are trustworthy, and very respectful to the
female sex.
pi^cautlons you like, that it may be tair play
between us.' This said, ho made a second
salute and disappeared.
" He was as good as his word ; going bacH
to his former profession, he soon found out
and joined a band of brigands and at their
head waylaid and attacked his former master,
who well aware of the character of the man
he had to deal with and the dangers that
awaited him, had taken measures accordingly
and provided himself with an escort strong
enough to overpower the brigands."
(To be contiQued.)
During a journey.
which our author was
akingto a watering place in Albania, while
the party halted for a luncheon in a mountain
goro-e, a company of armed Albanians sud-
denTy appeared. The leader of the band, she
says, "inquired who 1 was, and declared he
was astonished at the independent spirit of
the Inglis lady, who, in spite of fatigue and
danger, had ventured so far.
"He willingly accepted our offer of lun-
cheon ; first dipping a piece of bread in salt
and eating it. My horse was then brought
up ; the chief stood by, and gallantly held the
stirrup while I mounted. I thanked him, and
we rode off at a gallop. After we had gone
some distance on our road, my friend heaved
a deep sigh of relief, and said to me, ' Do you
know who has been lunching with us, holding
your stirrup, and assisting you to mount? It
is the fiercest and most terrible of Albanian
For "The Friend"
The Kingdom of God and Christ Declared.
From the writings of Francis Howgill, who was im-
prisoned for his te.stimony to the truth, until death.
By James Backhouse. London, IhliS.
" The Lord hath prepared his throne in the
heavens, and his kingdom ruleth over all ; his
dominion is an everlasting doniinion ; lie is
immortal: his kingdom is so: He is Light:
his dwelling place is so : therein is no unclean-
ness nor ever shall be : it is eternally glori-
ous 'a quiet habitation : it is unsearchable and
undeclarable ; in it all who believe come to
enjoy Him, who is the fulness of all things,
whether visible or invisible ; who is eternally,
blessedness itself; who makes all that believe
in Him to partake of his kingdom grace,
power, dignity, dominion and celestial glory.
But these things are hid from the world-
from them that are not redeemed from the
e-u-th When Christ taught them that fol-
lowed Him, ho exhorted them to ' Seek first
324
THE FRIEND.
the kingdom of God and his righteousness,'
Matt. vi. 33, even while they were in the
body; and ho said to the Pharisees, 'The
kingdom of God is within you.' Some may
say, need we seek that which is in us? yea, it
is like treasure hid in a field : it is like a grain
of mustard seed among many great seeds,
which is not easily found : it is like a piece of
silver lost in the house among much rubbish,
till that be swept away it will not be found ;
all must dig deep, search narrowly, and sweep
clean before they find it ; for although Christ
said to the Pharisees, 'The kingdom of God
is within you,' He did not say they were pos
sessors of it; but to the disciples whom he
taught to pray in faith, 'Thy kingdom come,'
He said, 'Blessed be ye poor for yours is the
kingdom of God.' Luke vi. 22. They had
seen and were possessors of it ; and he also
said unto them, ' There bo some of them that
stand hero, which shall not taste of death till
they have seen the kingdom of God come with
power,' Mark \x. 1, and his words wero ful-
filled ; and they declared what they had felt,
and said ' The kingdom of God is not in word
but in power.' And Paul writing to the
Romans who were made partakers of the same
power and kingdom, said, 'The kingdom is
not meat and drink, but righteousness, and
peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost.' Rom. xvi.
17. And to the Colos.sians who had waited
for and believed in it, he said, 'The Father
hath made ua meet to be partakers of the
inheritance of the saints in Light, who huth
delivered us from the power of darkness, and
hath translated us into the kingdom of his
dear Son.' And to the Hebrews he says:
' We who have believed do enter into rest ;'
and these things were witnessed while in the
body, and felt within by the seed immortal,
by them that witnessed the birth immortal to
live in them ; and all that ever come to see
the kingdom of God, which is spiritual, must
wait in the Spirit, that so God, and his king-
dom, and the things of his kingdom, may bo
felt, seen, and enjoyed, which is glorious. The
saints looked not after any other glory, but
that which stood in eternal life, and the city
they sought after, was that which God is the
maker and builder of; and they looked for,
and waited to receive of his power, in which
the kingdom standeth in this life ; and to know
and enjoy his eternal dominion and a'uthority.
I do not say the full weight of glory, which
is that which all his saints in measure wit-
ness, and in due time come to enjoy through
faith. For by faith they come to see him who
is invisible; and the things of his kingdom,
which is invisible, spiritual, and eternal. The
kingdom of God is come nigh unto many, and
his power and the salvation of Christ is seen
by many. Honor and praise unto him ever-
lastingly, who is the only potentate that puts
all authority under his feet, that God may bo
all in all ; but every one must come to feel the
kingdom first in himself, which is as a little
grain, and believe in it, before he can know
wherein it consists. And after it is in some
measure known, this is still far short of the
eternal weight of glory; yet he that believes
is entered into rest, and made partaker of thoj
heavenly gift, power and grace which is glori-j
ous, and witnesses a heavenly place in Christ
Jesus; but there nevertheless remain many ,
enemies to be subdued, and much of the heuv-|
enly habitation, which they see not, to be re-
vealed, as there is an abiding in the power of
God in which the kingdom stands, oven as
Israel, the pure t^-pt^, had much land to pos
sess and many enemies to be subdued, afiei
they had obtained an entrance in the land
and after there is an entrance into the true
rest, and some possession therein enjoyed,
there are yet many enemies to be subdued,
and much of the heavenly inheritance to be
enjoyed by them that stand in the power
wiiich gives dominion over sin, the devil, hell
and the grave."
S. C
Millville, Orleans Co., N. Y., 5th mo. 6th, 1879.
Selects
TRAILING ARBUTUS.
Under the leaves that are brown and sere,
Leaves withered and dead that fell last year,
A miracle fresh each spring is wrought,
As sweet as a kindly human thought,
Fair as the face of a maiden pale
Who blushes beneath a bridal veil ;
The dainty Arbutus buds and blows,
Leaf of the lily, breath of the rose.
The " darlingest" flower that children know.
They seek and find it under the snow.
With fairy blossoms and wealth of green;
Dear Trailing Arbutus, spring-time's queen !
WORK AND WAIT.
A husbandman, who many years
Had plowed his fields and sown in tears.
Grew weary with his doubts and fears.
" I toil in vain ! These rocks and .sands
Will yield no harvest to my hands ;
The best seeds rot in barren lands.
"My drooping vine, is withering;
No promised grapes its blossoms bring;
No birds among its branches sing.
" My flock is dying on the plain,
The heavens are brass — they yield no rain,
The earth is iron — I toil in vain I"
While yet he spake — a breath had stirred
His drooping vine, like wing of bird.
And from its leaves a voice he heard ;
" The germs and fruits of life must be
Forever hid in mystery ;
Yet none can toil in vain for Me.
" A mightier hand more skilled than thine.
Must hang the clusters on the vine,
And make the fields and harvest shine.
" Men can but work ; God can create,
But they who work, and watch, and wait,
Have their reward, though it come late.
" Look up to heaven ! behold and hear
The clouds and thunderings in thy ear —
An answer to thy doubts and fear."
He looked, and lo ! a clou J-d raped car,
With trailing smoke and flames afar,
Was rushing from a distant star.
And every thirsty flock and plain
Was rising up tn meet the rain
That came to clothe the fields with grain.
And on the clouds he saw again
The covenant of God with men,
Ke-written with His rainbow pen :
" Seed time and harvest shall not fail,
And though the gates of hell assail.
My truth and promise shall prevail."
The Use of the Shoe in Connection with Mar-
riage Customs. — Ruth iv. 7, 8— "At a Jewish
marriage I was standing beside the bride-
groom when the bride entered; and, as she
crossed the threshold, he stooped down and
slipped off his shoe, and struck her with the
heel on the nape of the nock. I at once saw
the interpretation of the passage in Scripture
respecting the transfer of the shoo to another,
in case the brother-in-law did not exercise his
privilege. The slipper, being taken off indoo
or if not, left outside the apiirtment, is plac
at the edge of the small carpets on wbi
you sit, and is at hand to administer corr.
tion, and is here used in sign of the obodier
of the wife and the supremacy of thehusbat
The Highland custom is to strike for 'go
luck,' as they say, the bride with an old si
per. Little do they suspect the meaning
plied. The regalia of Morocco is enrich
with a pair of embroidered slippers, whi
are, or used to be, carried before the Suits
as among us the sceptre and sword of stat
— Biblical Things Not Generally Known.
For •' The Friend
Letters of James Emlen.
(Continued from page 315.)
" 2nd mo. 21st, 1852. — It was truly pleasa
to observe from 's letter, that there ^
such an appearance of a succession of stands
bearers amongst us. It does seem, howevi
that the women are still the first to announ
the glad-tidings — they are generallj'so mu
less entangled with the thorny cares of tl
world, that they are better fitted for the
services which relate to the next. How gl
I should be to see them so sympathizing wi
their parents in bondage, as to induce the
by virtuous, frugal and selfdenying lives,
do all in their power to break the bonds,
at least to render them needless. I have oft'
been led to fear that the excuse fathers ft
for so much devotion to worldly pursui;
might be traced to the imprudence of tho
who indulge in the foolish and expensi'
fashions of the world, rendering large mea
needful to sustain them ; but I have also t
lieved that if many could see the cause, the
affection for their parents would induce a d
fcrent course. If a young woman, dressed
a gay and expensive attire, seeing her fathei
vacant seat in our meetings for worship, con
be led to suppose that she, in part, was tl
unconscious cause of his absence — that muc
expense, required corresponding means, at
to acquire large means parents must devo'
their time to the world and neglect their r
ligious duties ; such an one could hardly fa
to feel her responsibility, and especially if si
had reason to suppose that with all his effort
he was encumbered with debts, incurred, pe
haps, in his endeavors to sustain the impn
dence of an expensive family. The calamitie
that are befalling many amongst us, naturall
id to these reflections; and as opportunit'
otl'ers, it may be well to sow the seed of soun!
iws and principles in these respects, in tb
nds of thy youthful charge.
" 12th mo. 24th, 1852. * * * The laK
guago seemed to present this morning with :
degree of sweetness — ' The secret of the Lor
is with them that fear hiin :' I cannot doub
but thou art one that does fear Him. Tho
hast known what his answer of Peace is, an
thou hast known what it was to bo troubled
e have always believed that a quiet an^
peaceful feeling was tho answer of acceptanc
for any act of dedication. If this has at tendei
thy little offerings in public, I think thoi
shouldst accept it as his secret reward, * *
ndeavor to 'cast thy burden upon the Lord
and ho will sustain thee. The ' accuser of th
brethren' is very busy in endeavoring to de
stroy our hopes, and to rob us of our faith ant
our patience — may wo bo favored to knov
that happy deliverance from his power spokei
of in Revelation xii. 10, 11, where it is said
THE FRIEND.
325
he accuser of the brethren was cast out,
lich accused them before our God day and
rht: and they overcame him by the blood
the Lamb, and the word of their testimony;
d they loved not their lives unto the death.'
these to be very solemn things to write
out, but having at times tasted in some de-
ee the sweetness of faith in them, 1 desire
press after and encourage thee to do the
me. The deep and abiding sense of our own
Iplessness and un worthiness is very profit-
le, if we do but take care therewith to as-
ciate entire conSdenco in our victorious
plain — what he hath done for us without
and what he will do for us within us, if
1 endeavor to recline, as the beloved disciple
d, upon his bosom. Can'st thou not accept
e advice given twice in the same chapter of
■ II xiv. 1 and 27, ' Let not your heart be
bled, neither let it be afraid.' "
From " Tho London Friend."
The Chinese Question.
fellow stopped and stared, just gave him a
little jerk, and whisked him, with a waggish
laugh, into the bed of slush. Ha! ha! you
should hav.e seen the crowd of people mock-
ing the impudent heathen Chinee as he picked
himself up in his soiled tippet and satin gown !
* * * No while man can conceive
tho impudence (?) of these Chinese. Moon-
face picked himself up, shook off a little of
the mire, and, looking mildly at our worthy
citizen, curtseyed like a girl, saying to him,
in a voice that everyone standing round could
hear, ' You Christian ; me Heathen. Good-bye."
It is intensely humiliating lo note the con-
duct of the Anglo-Sa.xon race when they
settle in the territory of Indians, Zulus, and
Kaffirs, as colonists, and contrast it with that
which they show to the Chinese immigrants
who settle in their territory. In both cases
they are continually regarding might as right,
and they practically set aside the precepts of
Christianity and the high appreciation of
truth and justice which they lay claim to
A well written pamphlet, just received from amongst themselves. A totally different set
iistralia, edited by three Chinese merchants! of weights is used in judging of the relative
siding in Melbourne, exposes in forcible 'duties and privileges of colonists and natives
in<^uage the "divers weights" the British j according as they are one or the other. Noth-
'pirouses in its dealings with their country- 'ing more indelibly stamps a man as a mean,
n. These Chinese gentlemen give the 'dishonest trader, than the knowledge that he
istory of the treaties between the British uses "divers weights," one for buying, the
rapireand China, also those between their other for selling. No one excuses him; the
wn country and the United States. They judgment, whether of man or God, is equally
rant it to be clearly understood that the pre- against him. Why should not the standard
pntoutflowoftheir population into Australia'of morality among nations be the same as
pd California was not drst sought by them, that maintained by individuals? Most as-
■ Western powers," say the}', "armed with suredly, in one case as in tho other, "divers
jrmidable artillery, battered down the por- weights are an abomination to the Lord."
lis of the empire, and having done so, in-| _^
ut. We will not suffer you to shut your- 1 Some years ago, says the author of tho fol-
elves up from the rest of the world. We lowing true and touching story, I was stay
int to inoculate you with our enterprise, ing at a very beautiful and much frequented |go to my father.' "
requested the young man to commence read-
ing at that verse.
"Now, Jim, speak up!" said one of the
party, " and earn your shilling like a man !"
And Jim took the book and read, " ' And
he said, A certain man had two sons; and
the younger of them said to his father. Fa-
ther, give me the portion of goods that falleth
to me. And he divided unto them his liv-
There was something in the voice of the
reader, as well as in the strangeness of the
circumstances, that lulled all to silence ; while
an air of seriousness took possession of the
youth, and still further commanded the rapt
attention of the crowd.
He read on: "'And not many days after
the j-ounger son gathered all together, and
took his journey into a far country, and there
wasted his substance with riotous living.'"
"That's thee, Jim!" ejaculated one of his
comrades; "it's just like what you told me
of yourself and your father!"
The reader continued: "'And when he
had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in
that land, and he began to be in want.' "
"Why, that's thee again, Jim!" said the
voice. " Go on !"
And he went and joined himself to a
citizen of that country; and ho sent him into
the fields to feed swine. And he would fain
have filled his belly with the husks that the
swine did eat: and no man gave unto him.' "
"That's like us all!" suid the voice once
more interrupting; "we're all beggars and
might be belter than we are ! Goon; let's
hear what came of it."
And the young man read on, and as he
read his voice trembled : " 'And when he came
to himself, be said, How many hired servants
of my father's have broad enough and to spare,
and I perish with hunger! I will arise and
At this point he fairly broke down, and
could read no more. All were impressed and
moved. The whole reality of the past rose
up to view, and in the clear story of the Gos-
pel a ray of hope dawned upon him for his
" ■ ■■ ' . • " ■ ' • • — — ^
ind to bring you inside tho great family of watering-place in England, where I met with
lations. Let us draw together the lies of an earnest Christian tradesman of the town,
lommercial amity, and live and do business! — Carr, who was ever watchful for opportuni-
ogether like friends and brethren." They | ties of doing good. Though not a bookseller,
'O on to show how their nation has acted on yet he always had in a prominent place, in^ ^ ^.- -_ , - -- , . „ / , .
'hese principles; how they went in gre;it his shop window, an assortment of Bibles, Ifuiure. His father— his father s hous:
lumbers to Australia, trusting to the friendli- i with a card in large letters, saying, " Luther's . his mother's too ; and the plenty and the love
less and protection of the British Government 'swords sold here." ever bestowed upon him there ; and the hired
md to the Christian principles of European I One day a band or " troupe" of young men servants, all having enough ; and then him-
lettlers in Australia. Then they detail the, who were giving entertainments in the place, se// his father's son, and his present state, liis
truel treatment they have received both in 'their hands and faces blackened, and dressed |companionships, his hubiLs his sins, us pov-
^.ustralia and California, and they ask how|in very grotesque costumes, arranged them- |erty, his outcast condition his absurdly ques
En<rland would have acted had her subjects selves before tliis gentleman's door one day tionable mode of living— all these came climb
■ecoived a like treatment in China, theylfor an exhibilion of their peculiar "perform-
jomplain of the ill-usage they receive, and'ances." These people used to be called "Eihi-
)f the efforts that are being made, boih in [opian Serenaders." After they bad sung some
&.ustralia and the Uniied States, entirely to comic and some plaintive melodies, with thef-
preventtheirimmigration.whilstall European
aations are welcomed. They plead eloquently
For justice and equal privileges with other
nations, and make good their claim to them.
A telling anecdote, from Hepworth Dixon's
"White Conquest," is quoted in this pamphlet,
iUustratingtheattitudeof Americans towards
Chinamen, and its effects upon them. It is
thus related by Hepworth Dixon, as told him
by a gentleman in San Francisco : —
"Only the other day, in our rainy season,
when the road was fifteen inches deep in
Montgomery Street, a yellow chap, in fur
tippet and purple satin gown, was crossing
over the road by a plank, when one of our
worthy citizens, seeing how nicely he was
dressed — more like a lady than a tradesman
own peculiar accompaniments of gestures and
grimaces, one of the party, a tall and interest-
ing j'oung man, who had the look of one who
was beneath his proper station, stepped up
to the door, tambourine in hand, to ask for a
few "droppingpennies"of the people. Carr,
taking one of the Bibles out of his window,
addressed the youth :
"See here, young man," ho said, "I will
give you a shilling and this book besides if you
will read a portion of it among your com-
rades there, and in the hearing of the by-
standers."
"Here's a shilling for an easy job!" he
chuckled out to his mates; "I'm going to
give you a public read'
ng like an invading force of thoughts and
reflections into the citadel of his mind, and
fairly overcame him.
That day — that scene— proved the turning
point of that young prodigal's life. He sought
the advice of the^Christian friend who had
thus providentially interposed for his deliver-
ance. Communications were made to his
parents, which resulted in a long-lost and
dearly loved child returning to the familiar
earthly home; and still better in his return
to his Heavenly Father ! He found, as I trust
my readers will, how true are the promises
of the parable of the " Prodigal Son," both
for time and for eievnlty.— Religious Herald.
The Christian life is a long and continual
tendency of our hearts towards that eternal
goodness which we desire on earth. All our
happiness consists in thirsting for it. Now
Carr opened at the ISlh chapter of St. I this thirst is prayer. Ever desire to aj
,i,„'o aLr.^\ cnri .^r,;ntino-tnthP,11th verse J nroach vour Creator and vou will never ceas
a plank to meet him, and when the ! Luke's Gospel, and pointing to the 11th verse, I proach your Creator and you will never
326
THE FRIEND.
to pi-ay. Do not think it is necessary to pro
Bounce many words. — Prim. Christian.
" For The Friend "
Some Extracts from the Diary and letters of Ebenezer
Wortii.
(Continued from page 317. J
1845. Ist mo. 5tb. — First-day. — I liad ray
sitting as usual; Emily Flagg attended; I
think I may say it was to myself in a good
degree comforting. Visited Moses Snow in th
afternoon, and had some conversation with
him ; I thought he appeared in a tender frame
of mind. A white man coming in, I was pre
vented from talking with his wife.
6th. Having the rheumatism in one of my
feet, I did not feel well enough to go far from
home; visited Jackson Curry; I thought it
the most favored opportunity I ever had with
him. He is quite a clever, steady man. I then
called and talked with Moses Snow's wife;
she was quiet and sober, and expressed her
intention to try to live a good life.
7th. Went to Corn planters to assist the
teacher in starting the school, and on the 8th
I think we had fifteen scholars; they were
generally pretty well clad, behaved well, and
appeared to pay pretty good attention to their
lessons. The parents appeared pleased with
the scliool ; I had quite a comfortable sitting
with the teacheraiid scholars, in which I trust
my poor unworth}- spirit was drawn near to
the Fountain of Good ; after which I started
home with comfortable feeling, having reason
to believe that the blessing of the Lord was
attendingour labors. May the fruits of thanks-
giving and praise be to his great and excel-
lent name.
2nd mo. 19th. Although unworthy of the
least of the mercies which a kind and merci-
ful Master bestows upon his people, I may
again acknowledge his unmerited favors to
me, which have been many. 1 have at times
been brought very low, feeling but little
strength to move forward, and have felt the
necessity of making a pause and wiiiting upon
the Lord; passing through that fire which
can consume our corrupt and unregcnerate
nature; this is at times trying, but I find it
necessary and profitable, and have great rea-
son to be thankful that the Lord is still mind-
ful of me, and continues thus to visit me. Oh !
Jlis dealings with his creature man are in
wisdom and mercy. There is groat cause for
thankfulness and encouragement. I went
yesterday to Cornplanter's, and was much
favored in an opportunity with Charles and
William O'Bail.
3rd mo. 14th. Returned yesterday from
taking to Buffalo two remonstrances against a
ferry over the Allegheny river in this reser-
vation, in order to get the United States agent
to sign one of them, and use his influence in
favor of them. It was trying when the sub-
ject was first started, as I at times felt but
little ability to move forward in oppo.-ing it,
but can now look back, I trust with feelings
of gratitude to Him who has wonderfully
helped, supported and comf jrted mo. I staid
over Firstday at Collin's, on my way to
Buffalo, and attended Clear Creek Meeting.
Second-day morning, in company with Asa
Jones, went on to Buffalo. I thought myself
much favored in meeting readily with the
United States agent ; had an opportunity with
him that evening; the next morning, thinking
1 had better see him again before leaving, I
wont to his lodgings. He treated tno kindly.
and I finished my business to pretty good
satisfaction. Left the place with comfortable
feelings; spent a little time satisfactorily with
Abraham Gilford and his wife ; they are well
advanced in years ; she kind and affectionate,
and both in the station of elders: a responsi-
ble station which the Lord alone can qualify
His servants to fill. Oh I that there was more
of a vvillingness on the part of our elders gen-
erally, to give themselves up unto the Lord
to be formed and fashioned agreeably to his
blessed will, keeping the eye of the mind
single to Him, then I believe wo should be
more favored with a spirit of discernment,
and a qualification would be experienced to
be helpful to them in the ministry.
4th mo. 5th. I have been much tried on
receiving a letter from the committee, that
there seemed no way opening for my leaving
this place. I have felt much of human weak-
ness. Oh ! the necessity of being more given
up to the blessed will of our Divine Master,
which would always work for our good and
greatest happiness. I believe all things will
work right, if I should keep my place and be
faithful. I have been sorrowful in feeling so
much reluctance in giving up to the will of
the Lord ; I could desire that it might not con-
tinue to be the case.
4th mo. 18th. Although I have felt much
weakness at times, and I fear too much looti-
ng towards home, yet I have had seasons of
enjoym«nt. May I ever remember the great
obligations I am under to my Divine Master;
that there is no true happiness except that
which proceeds from Him. Oh I that I was
wholly given up to serve Him — soul, body
and spirit.
4th mo. 30th. I sometime ago attended a
acting of the old party, commonly called
Pagans." i thought 1 ought to say some-
thing to them on the subject of religion, but
felt so weak as almost to be afraid to speak to B.
Williams to interpret, although I had an op-
portunity to do so. 1 had some expectation
of getting Horace Jimmeson ; I requested the
chiefs to speak to their people on the subject
of clearing land and preparing to put in their
pring crops. After waiting considerable
time, and Horace not coming, I felt much
tried, fearing I might miss the opportunity ;
although it was a great trial, I desired not to
omit anj'thing that was required of me, that
when the right time came for me to leave, I
might be favored to feel the service required
was performed, and experience the sweet re-
ward of peace. After waiting a considerable
time for Horace, I started to hunt Benjamin,
but did not find him; returned, went into the
Council-house, seated myself, and was, I think,
much favored to feel my mind pretty well set-
tled and composed. They commenced dancing;
I thought it was right for mo to appear as 1
felt, and so bear my testimony. After wait-
ing awhile, I was informed I could then have
an opportunity to speak to them. Samuel
Patterson interpreted for me, and I spoke a
few words to the relief of my mind.
5th mo. 20th. I have experienced weak-
ness in ditferent ways for some time past, [he
felt tried that no one offered to take his place]
thinking that the time was near that 1 might
leave, if all was right. I sometimes thought,
if I only know that it was the will of the
Lord, I could bo much better resigned to my
stay, but did not feel an evidence that all my
work was done. A part, and 1 know not but unto Him
most of this weakness and uneasiness, was that thou
owing to my not keeping my eye sing
enough to my Divine Master, and not exe
cising that faith and strength which
given. When I look back, I think if I hi
lived nearer to the Lord, it might have bee
different with me. Great gratitude and pra
are due to Him — may this be the fruit of mj
heart daily.
21st. VV^hen I have endeavored to gi
myself up to the Lord, placing my dependec
on Him, I have experienced strength an
comfort. Yesterday in my sitting with th
Indian children in school, I felt a good d'
gree of strength to enter into secret spiritui
labor, and I think I may say consolation i
it; the praise is due to the Lord.
6th mo. 8th. May what I have written b
blessed to me in time to come, if I should bj
spared to read it. May past favors, unmeritei
mercies, for they have been truly such, bi
remembered with feelings of love and gratij
tude to the Great Giver of all good, who ha
followed me all my life long. I attended th
past week the Council at Cattaraugus. A
though I have felt weakness, my mind has bee
clothed at times with a good degree of seri
ousness and strength, to my encouragemen
and comfort. I staid on 4th day night afte
attending the Council at Peter Potter's. At
tended their meeting on 5th day at Clea
Creek. Before leaving to attend meeting .
had some conversation with Peter, also wit!
his wife, on the importance of taking theii
children to week-day meetings. I also spokt
to one of their older children on the im
portance of attending religious meetings. 1
thought in unmerited mercy I felt my mind
in a degree strengthened and supported ir
meeting, although there was another trying
communication delivered by a man not s
member. Oh! the necessity there is of elders
dailylivingnearto Him whoalonecan qualifji
to meet such trying cases in the proper time,
I thought I could not feel quite easy to leave
without speaking to the individual ; his situa-
tion I considered a distressing one. This
case has proved to me the necessity of all
who may think they are called to the ministry
to keep their eyes single and guard against
a forward aspiring spirit, which the enemy ia
ever ready to encourage in those that are
prone that way.
6th mo. 1st. May a kind and merciful God
continue his preserving care over us as a
religious Society, and overrule the evil de-
signs of the enemy who would make routs
and divisions amongst us. I have again ex-
perienced the great necessity of being re-
newedly awakened to a sense of my true
situation, which I esteem a great blessing.
How poor and empty is all formal religion,
and how necessary it is that we should guard
against contenting ourselves with this outside
covering; it will prove insufficient in the time
of trial. There is no religion but that of our
blessed Saviour that can afford true consola-
tion in life and conduct us safe to the Mansions
of everlasting rest. Oh! that it was more
cleaved to by mo and all others, that there
was more of a concern to become living mem-
bers of Christ's Church, a willingness to sub-
mit ourselves to his spiritual baptisms which
are cleansing.
8lh mo. 6th. Put thy confidence, oh! my
soul, in the Lord; for in Him alone there is
strength. Mayost thou keep thy eye single
md endeavor to live near unto Him,
uayest. bo made a partaker of the
THE FRIEND.
327
merited mercy of God the Father, through Und carry to its young a good meal also. All jminiog the wave length at the point of maxi-
i Son our Lord and Saviour. I think I ilast summer the little'chiVper was fed in this , mum heat of the .spectrum, which point moves
ve been favored to feel ttiat it is precious, way, each day growing tamer and more
the trials thou mayest have to pass through, land more attached to the ones who fed it,
■" until, with the approach of cool weather, it
hied to warmer and sunnier climes. After
its departure, those who had cared for it
were anxious to know whether their little
feathered ward would return in the succeed-
ing spring, and about two weeks ago, on a
sunshiny day, one of the members of the
family went to the door and called, as had
been the daily custom the previous summer:
"Chirp! chirp! chirp!" when to the astonish-
ment of the entire family the twittering
migrant whirred from a perch it had occu-
pied in an adjacent tree^ and alighted in the
hand outstretched to receive it. Since that
time until the present we are told that the
' chippy" has
k to get into the quiet; withdraw thyself
im the world, guard against the diseourage-
mts or flattery of the enemy, and wait pa-
ntly on the Lord, for He is woi-thy to be
lited upon; remembering that men ought
ivays to pray and not to faint. What en-
uragemetit to poor sinners.
8th mo. 18th. 1 may again record a sense
the unmerited mercy of a kin<l and merci-
Master to me, a poor unworthy sinner. I
htinue at times to feel tried on account of
f sia}- here being longer than I expected,
i I that I was more given up to the will of
fe Lord, and my time and talents more de-
•ted to his service, for He is forever worthy
be obeyed, in all things honored and prais-
. I can truly say, my hope of happiness,
f,her in time or in eternity, is not on my
vn merits, but in the mercy of God and
erits of His dear Son. Oh ! may there be
ore willingness experienced by me to give
) to his blessed will, and more faithfulness
performing it.
(To be coulinued.)
Natural History, Science, &c.
The Sensitive Plant. — One of the commonest
ladside plants of Singapore is the sensitive
ant (Mimosa sensitiva), which grows in
•ofusion in waste places, and on banks by
le wayside. It is a very low, spreading
ant, of suffruticoso habit, seldom rising
gher than the grass among which it grows, factorily carried on over a distance of from
• more than six inches from the ground, but
)vering large spots, which are distinguished
om the rough herbage by its neat, regular
liage. It seems to be almost constantly in
)wer, for in October, November, and May
noticed numbers of the little round tufts
laracteristie of this acacia (Mimosa), and of
pale flesh-color. The manner in which the
spectot'such a little bush is altered by a touch
verj' remarkable. Brush your foot over
le luxuriant little plant at you pass by, and
towards the violet end at every increase of
temperature, another measure is obtained.
Prai/er. — "Eeraember, the Lord will not
hear iheo because of the arithmetic of thy
prayers; he does not count their numbers.
He will not hear thee because of the rhetoric
of thy prayer.s ; he does not care for the elo-
quent language in which they are conveyed.
"He will not listen to thee because of the
geometry of thy prayers; he does not compute
them by their length or by their breadth.
He will not regard thee because of the music
of thy prayers ; he doth not care for sweet
voices, nor for harmonious periods. Neither
will he look at thee because of the logic of thy
prayers, because they are well arranged and
t out to it its daily ration ^excellently comparted. But ho will hear
of bread crumbs in this way, and that its^ijee, and he will measure the amount of the
mate, which is too coy to be thus fed andlblessing he will give thee, according to the
fondled, receives at a distance a regular mi>al \d>viiiity of thy prayers. If the Holy Ghost
of the same from the tamo bird's bill. This'jnspire thee with zeal and earnestness, the
interesting pair is again building a nest near j^ie, sings which thou shalt ask shall surely
the house, and it is probable that the same come unto th
programme of feeding as last year will be
gone through again the present season. There
can be no doubt as to the indentity of the lit-
tle bird, for it has brought with it the same
mutilated foot and the same confiding nature.
— West Chester Jeffersonian.
Telephone in Germany. — The German gov-
ernment lost no time in the practical emi)loy-
ment of the telephone. There are now 272
telephoniccircuits, and communication is satis-
le whole bu~h seems to disappear, and you
lok back for it almost in vain; the leaves
ave all closed up, and the stems become de
ressed, and nothing is left but a few withered
;icks upon the grass. Try to pluck a spray,
nd it fades between your fingers; so that it
1 very difficult to gather and examine it in
n expanded condition. But if you will care-
illy take between the finger and thumb the
nlvinus, or swelled base of the leaf stalk
rhere the little thorns are situated, without
juching any other part, and pinch it hard
efore attempting to break oft' the spray, the
inoaj will remain expanded ; relax your firm
old, however, and they will immediately
egin to close up. — Colling wood' s Naturalist's
Iambics.
A Tame Chipping Sparrow. — Out on the
irm of Caleb Cope, on the road leading from
Vest Chesier to I)owningtown, there is a
arae Chipping bird. In the beginning of
ast June a little bird of this species, with a
•ortion of two of the toes of one of its feet
nissing, built its nest and reared its young
n a tree near the house, and gradually be
lame so tamo, owing to the kind treatment
md attention which it received from the
rouna-er members of the household, that it
Accustom your children to a strict atten-
tion to truth, even in the most minute par-
ticulars. If a thing happened at one window,
and they, when relating it, say that it hap-
pened at another, do not let it pass, but in-
stantly check them ; you do not know where
deviation from Truth will end. — Johnson.
Kindness is an invisible force of unmeasured
power.
THE FRIEND.
FIFTH MONTH 24, 1879.
30 to 40 miles.
Colors of Animals. — In many animals the ^
colors appear to have been given them for the
purpose of enabling them to conceal them-
selves from their enemies or from their prey ;
in some cases the color of the animal bears a
close resemblance to that of the soil, herbage
r foliage in which it lives. This is very
trikingly seen in the " leaf" insects, in which
the likeness is so close that only on close 3^,^^, yearly Meeting of the Binns' body in
scrutiny they can be distinguished. ihis ^, . ^ __, 1. .:___ 5? .:„(„„.;„„ .fu^^
"protective mimicry," as it has been called,
Among the expressions of feeling, called
forth by the publication in our issue of 4th
mo. 19th, of extracts from the minutes of the
may be observed in the eggs and young of
birds which nest on the ground.
A Ri-al Telegraph. — A new invention of a
practical character has just been made by E.
A. Cowper, the well known mechanical en-
gineer, in England. It is a telegraphic writ-
ing machine. The writer in London moves
his pen, and simultanconsly at Brighton an-
other pen is moved, as though by a phantom
hand, in precisely similar curves and motions.
The writer writes in London, the ink marks
in Brighton. The pen at the receiving end
has all the appearance of being moved with-
out hands. — Nature.
Measuring Temperature by the Spectroscope.
— M. Crova communicates to the Compte
Rendu some experiments in the determina-
tion of the temperature of incandescent bodies
by the spectroscope. It is well known that
as a mass of iron is heated the first visible
rays are the red rays and the mass becomes
nearer to white as the temperature is raised.
When examined through the spectroscope
the red portion becomes first visible and the
spectrum gradually grows till it embraces the
violet, more and more of which shows as the
mass becomes hotter. By calculating th
vould alight in the palm of a hand extended wave length of these extreme violet rays, we
,0 receive it, and there eat its fill of crumbs, have a measure of the heat; also by deter-
Ohio, few have given us more satisfaction than
that contained in a letter written by John G.
Whitlier, and addressed "To the Editor of
The Friend." It says, under date of 4th of
5th month, 1879:
I have just seen a copy of "The Friend"
of the 19th ult., and have read with more
regret than surprise the extracts from the
minutes of the Ohio Yearly Meeting for 1877
and 1878. They seem to me an entire aban-
donment of the one distinctive and root-
doctrine of our religious Society — that from
which itderivesall that is peculiar to it in doc-
trine and testimony, and which alone gives it
a right to exist. I seriously question whether
there is any other religious body in the United
States which could be induced to assent to
such an unqualified repudiation of a doctrine
which the wisest and best of all denomina-
tions are regarding as vital and essential."
In these days, when, as regards doctrines,
the Church's enemies seem to be those of its
own household, it is strengthening to meet
with such a testimony to the truth.
The article headed, "Man ! Know thyself,"
which we have extracted from The British
Friend, contains several queries that may
profitably be pondered by many on this side
of the ocean, as well as in Great Britain.
528
THE FRIEND.
They reveal a sad picture of the decline of
many under our name from the original prin
eiples of Friends; and, as wo believe, of a loss
of faith in the government of Christ in his
Churuh, leading them to supplement thework
of his ypirit (as they imagine), by hum;in con-
trivances, better "adapted to present times."
AVe believe that in proportion as our mem-
bers are brought into true submission to
Christ, and into an earnest concern for their
own salvation, they will learn to look to Him
as He reveals himself in their hearts, for
strength and comfort; and they will hi con-
vinced that the "Lord's arm has" not "be
come shortened," nor "His Spirit lost his
leavening, converting, teaching power."
We have been interested in examining the
pages of Le Reformateur, a now journal just
issued in Paris, which vigorously attacks th-
political- influence of Catholicism as opposed
to the true interests of France ; and advocates
reform in general.
In that country the Protestant part of th
community seems at the present time to be
unusuuUy active.
Jules Ferry, the present Minister of Public
Instruction, has introduced into the legisla-
ture two bills, which, if enacted, will make
important changes in the management of the
schools. These are now mainly under the
control of the Catholic clergy. The effect of
the proposed laws would be in large measure
to substitute lay teachers for clerical. What
success will attend the moveme.-it, it is diffi-
cult to foresee ; but no doubt it will be strenu-
ously opposed.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— But little of importance has been
accomplished in Congress during tlie past week. Tlie
Senate has the Legislative Appropriation bill still un-
der consideration. In the Hou.?e, the veto of the bill
to prevent military interference at elections, was sus
tained by a vote of 127 to 97. The Warner silver bill
is now under consideration. An attempt was made
the House to revive the old " Income Tax" law, but
was defeated; the affirmative vote falling short of the
requisite two-thirds, though a majority of 180 voted
its favor.
The President has signed the bill authorizing the
annual enlistment of 750 boys for the navy; also the
bill to pay Captain Eads for work done on the Missis
sippi jetties.
An important decision has recently been rendered in
the U. S. Court at Omaha, by .Judge Dandy, in refer-
ence to some of the Ponca Indians, who had fled from
their reservation in the Indian Territory, on account
of sickness which was rapidly diminishing their tribe.
These Indians were arrested and were being taken back
under charge of military force, when some of the citi-
zens became interested on their behalf, and had their
case brought before the court. The judge decided, that
an Indian is a person within the meaning of the laws
of the United States, and is possessed of the same rights
under the law, in regard to his liberty. That no rfght-
ful authority exists for removing any of these Poncas
to the Indian Territory, as General Crook had been
directed to do; and being restrained of liberty, under
color of authority of the United States, and in violation
of the laws thereof, they shall be discharged from cus-
tody, and it was bo ordered.
The steamship California recently arrived .at Victoria
from Alaska, reports all quiet at Sitka. The United
States stemnhip Alaska, remuned at Sitka to render
assistance if needed.
Soma of the forest fires in sections of this State and of
New Jersey, are reported extinguished by recent rains.
In Maine and New Hampshire, serious fires were still
burning.
In narthern New England, the weather wi-i unpre-
cedentedly hot on the 13th inst. Tlie thermumeter at
several points marked 100 deg.
A few workmen are engaged in building up the piers
on which the new roof of theburnt portion of the Patent
Office is to rest, but these will not be carried above the
temporary roof, until the permanent roof is about ready
to go on. A hundred days were required by the con-
tractor to forge the heavy iron work which is to support
the roof. This time does not expire until the 10th of
8th month, but the work will be commenced as soon as
the first shipments are received.
One hundred and eighty-three cotton mills have been
built in the South since the war.
The Treasury Department states, " The demand for
the ten dollar refunding certificates lias been so great
that the supply does nol equal the demand. On the
13th the Bureau was delivering them at the rate of
about $800,000 per diem, and by the first of the present
week nearly $2,000,000 per day. The whole amount
authorized is about $40,000,000.
A fire at Chlco, Cal., on the night of the 16th, de-
stroyed the Central Hotel and several other properties
valued at $600,000. On the same night fires occurred
at Hazleton, Pa., Montague, Mich., and Newport, Ky. ■
aggregate loss $8.5,000.
The number of deaths in Philadelphia the past week
numbered 261. Of which 149 were adults, and 115
children— 61 being under one year of age. Two hun-
dred were natives of the United States.
The total value of exports from Philadelphia durino-
last month was 163,834,579.
Markets, <fec.— U. S. sixes, 1881, 107J^ ; 5's, 103J ; 4J
per cents, registered, 1061^; do. coupon, 107 .t: 4 per
cents, 102J a 103.
Cotton.— Sales of middlings at 13 a 13} cts. per lb.
for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum.— Crude 7t cts., in bbls. ; standard white,
8} cts. for export, and 9| a 10} cts. per gallon for home
ie. Linseed oil, Calcutta, 60 a 61 cts. ; American, 59
60 cts. Lard oil, 49 a 50 cts.; crude sperm, 80 a 81
cts. ; bleached winter, 95 a 98 cts.
Fresh Fruits.— Choice apples in better demand —
Baldwins, $2.50 a $2.75 ; Russets, $2.35 a $2.75. Straw-
berries, 20 a 30 cts. per quart.
Seeds. — Clover, 5»a 6 cts. per pound; Flas^seed,-'
$1.40 a $1.42 per bushel. Timothy $1.35 a $1.40 per
bushel.
Flour.— There was more demand and prices of choice
ades were higher. Minnesota extra, $4.37.1 a $5.20
r medium to fancy ; Penna., $5 a $5.25 for" good to
choice; western do. do., $5.37J a $5.75; patent and
other high grades, $6.25 a $7.75.
-Wheat dull, and a trifle lower. Penna. and
Southern red, $l.l5i a $1.16; amber, $1.17 a $1.18
hjte, *1.18. Rye, 57 cts. Corn, 40 a 45 cts. Oats,
white, 35 a 37 cts. ; mixed, 34 cts.
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothv, 70 a 80 cts. per 100
pounds; mixed, 55 a 65 cts. per 100 pounds ; straw, 85
a 95 cts. per 100 pounds.
Beef cattle.— The market during the week was dull
Extra, 6J cts. ; good, 5| a 6 cts. ; common, 5 cts. Cows
$25 a 35 per head.
Hogs dull and prices lower, 3,250 head sold at 5 a 5}
cts. per pound, as to quality.
Sheep, 3J a 4| cts. per pound for clipped.
Foreign.— Among the passengers who sailed recentl
from Liverpool for Quebec or Montreal, were sixt,
cotton operatives from Stockport for a cotton mill a"t
Dund.as, Ontario. There were 500 applicants for the
sixty places.
War balloons, one of them containing thirty-eight
thousand cubic feet, are getting in readiness for transfer
from London to the seat of the Zulu war. The practi-
cability of sending up a fresh supply of g,as to a balloon
while it IS in the air, has been demonstrated. Arrange-
ments have been made for telegraphic communication
with them, when aloft, by means of a
through the cable restraining them.
The differences between the masters and men of the
Durham coal mining district, have been submitted to
the judges of the county court, who decided on a reduc-
tion of 8:] per cent, on the wages of underground, and
per cent, on surface labor. This decision was very
latisfaotory to the miners, but it is said three-quarters
of the collieries resumed work on the 19th inst.
It is reported that the Ameer of Afghanistan has
greed to such terms as will secure the chief objects of
he British policy. Among the principal points are
British command of the passes, with sufficient territory
to constilute a scientific frontier; the appointment of a
British Resident at Cabul, and control of foreign rela-
tions of Afghanistan.
riiel'ailureof three firms largely engiged in the iron
kK', is announced. Two in Middlesborough, the other
in Darlington.
News from Cashmere is bad. The increase of urgent
running
distress and famine, joined to incompetency, corruf
and want of organization on the part of the oflicial
producing a most serious state of aflkirs. Choler
appeared in most of the cities of the Punjaub. Robl
by armed gangs is assuming alarming proportii
these gangs threaten the life of the Governor
something is immediately done for their relief.
Several conflagrations have recently occurred in 1
Russian towns, causing great distress. At Irbit,
wards of 80 houses were destroyed, also the statioi
the Ural Railroad, and five locomotives. A second
has occurred at Orenburg, which destroyed much of
remaining portion of the town. Numerous arrests h
been made on the charge of incendiarism.
A despatch from Pesth on the 19th inst., informs t
heavy rains have caused destructive floods in that i
tion of country. The rivers Theiss and Drave h
both overflowed, and inundated large tracts of couni
Ninety square miles of grain fields, and two villa-
are said to have been destroyed. The harvest prospc
in that district are ruined.
Some experiments with the electric light were
Gently made at Mount Valerian, one of the defence;
the city of Paris, with the object of finding how fa
ray of electric light will carry, and how much
ficial space it can illuminate. A Gramme machine «
used; the projector was a reflector which collects t
luminous rays and sends them out in one direction
making them pass through a series of lenses similar
tho3e_ used in light-houses. The steeple of St. Clo
was lighted up by a small machine, at a distance of (
two and a half miles. Another large machine illu
iiated the towers of the Trocadore palace, a distanc
five miles. At a distance of a little over two miles, t
superficies illuminated were 270 to 866 yards broad,
"he biennial prize of $4000, given by the Institu
of France, to the work or discovery which does me
honor to the country, falls to the Academy of Mot
and Political Sciences.
Complete returns of the popular vote in Switzerlan
give 191,197 in favor of, and 177,263 against the
establishment of capital punishment.
China produces an annual average of 6,000,01
pounds of tea; Japan, 40,000,000; India, 35,000,001
Java, 6,000,000 pounds, making a total of 87,000,0(
pounds.
The Dominion Parliament was prorogued on the 15
St. The Governor General, in his speech, said tl
measures adopted for the vigorous prosecution of tl
Canadian Pacific Railway, hold out a prospect of i
early completion ; and the proposed purchase of tl
line from Riviere du Loup to Quebec, will, when coi
eluded, complete the engagement entered into at tt
time of the confederation.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
Wanted a teaclier for the Girls' School. Applicatio
may be made to
John W. Biddle, No. 726 Bnttonwood f
Ephraim Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebecca W. Kite, No. 459 North Fifth St.
Hannah Evans, No. 322 Union St.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Fmakford, (Twenty-third Ward,) Philadelphia.'
Physician and Superintendent— JohnC. Hall, M.I'
Applications for the Admission of Patients m.ay b:
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board ci
Managers.
Married, Fourth mo. 16th, 1879, at Friend.s' meet
ng-house, Rancocas, New Jersey, Ezra C. Enole, c
Caston, to Martha T., daughter of Richard Buzbv, o
lie former place.
Died, at his residence in Conshohocken, Montgomery
Co., Pa., on Second-day, l.st mo. 20th, 1879, Isaac
Jones, in the 77th year of his age, a member of Gwyn
nedd Monthly Meeting.
■ , after a short illness, on the 27th of 3rd month
1879, Jane Snowdon Rhoads, daughter of Joseph anc
the late Elizabeth S. Rhoads, aged 14 vears, a membei
of Springfield Particular and Chester Monthly Meeting,
Pennsylvania. Her friends have the consoling hope
that, through redeeming love, she has been safely
gathered.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PrTnTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
^roL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, FIFTH MONTH 31, 1879.
NO. 42.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ce, if paid in advance, S2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Sib^criptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
. 116 tfORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
For The Friend "
at Extracts from the Diary and letters of Ebenezer
Wortli.
(CoDtiDaed from page 327.)
[The following letter vvus omitted under the
ioper date, but as it gives some interesting
foT-niation in regard to the Indians and their
^al rights, and contains many good senti-
pnts, it is thought it may well be introduced
ire.]
Tunes.sassa, 11th mo. 1844.
Dear Friend, — I received thy acceptable let-
r; it aff irded me satisfaction to hear from
ee, thy family, and from my relatives and
lends generally, and seemed to do me almo.st
much good as a short visit from one of my
'ends. When I was about to return to this
unlry last spring, and after getting here,
8 thought of being again separated from my
lations and friends was quite a trial to me.
am convinced we do not know what poor
eatures we are until we are tried ; we some-
naes think we could submit to almost an}--
ling if we were convinced it was our re-
jious duty, but our natural strength soon
ves way when it is brought lo trial ; we
len feel the necessity of drawing near to
im who can support us under every priva-
on and trial He permits to come upon u-i;
}a, and enables u-< to rejoice in the midst of
lera, or rather in Him to rejoice. I was
ercifully favored to feel myself in my proper
ace, and I know not that I wished myself
; home at any lime. The comforts of a
hriatian when he is favored to feel the life-
iving presence of his Divine Master to be
'ith him, far exceed that of any earthly
ome. When I compare my trials and priva-
ons with what many have had to experience,
ley appear comparatively small, and I fee
snsible that I have great reason to be thank
il that I have been so mercifully dealt with
.fter mj' return last spring, my time for some
reeks vvas spent in going amongst the natives
ersuading and encouraging them to clear off
tore land, put up their fences, and plough
heir ground so as to be ready to put in their
pring crops in good season. 1 also endeavored
D persuade them to fixrni more land : telling
hem it was cheaper to raise grain than to
uy it. I waited until I thought they had
one nearly all they would be likely to do,
hen told them if they would prepare more
:round I would purchase seed for them and
seed. A number of them told me before I
made the off.r, that they would like to plant
and sow more seed but they had none, nor
money to buy with. Thoj' were much pleased
with what I proposed, and commenced get-
ting more ground ready. I purchased and
distributed amongst them something like 180
bushels of potatoes, besides oats and buck-
wheat. It is thought they seeded a quarter
more ground last spring than thej' did a year
ago. Their corn, considering the heavy frost
we had on the 11th day of the Gth month,
was good, their oats were good ; the potatoes
rotted some in the ground ; I should think
they had three quarters of a crop ; buckwheat
middling. I feel a hope they will be able to
get along, as it regards provisions, pretty com-
fortably. I have had this last spring and
summer, two schools in operation. In the
spring I had two teachers employed, through
the summer I taught one of the schools my-
self; six who attended the school at Cold
Spring could read in the Testament, others in
easy reading; but few of the children can
peak much English. We have still to con-
tend with the sale of ardent spirits on and
near the reservation; it has been one of the
most trying things 1 have had to contend
with. I have spoken to nearly all who sell
the article near, and to two who soil it on the
reservation — giving them my opinion of the
sinfulness of the practice, telling them I be-
lieved the use of it verj' much disqualified
persons for answering the great end for which
they were created, and obstructing the im-
provement of such Indians as made use of it.
These persons have all treated me more kindly
than I could have expected. I have, 1 think,
spoken to nearlj-all the Indians on this reser-
vation who make much use of spirituous
liquors, of the great disadvantage it may be
boto to their present and future prospects.
They nearly all appear to receive it as an act
of kindness, which makes the labor much
more easy and pleasant to me. Some of the
chiefs are zealous in support of temperance.
I sometimes feel so poor and weak that I
think it is but little I can do to help this much
injured people; at other limes I feel comforted
in believing that if I should keep my place,
and do what is required of me it will be enough,
and that the revvard is precious and sure
is the blessing of the Lord that makes fruitful.
There has been a great improvement amon
the Indians within a few years in regard to
temperance.
Some time ago two surveyors came on
with men to assist them to divide this reser
vation off into sections, and commenced the
work. The chiefs called a council, which was
attended by thirteen of them and a number
of other Indians. I was invited to attend.
One of the surveyors, and two or three of his
men. also attended the council. When I went
into the house the chiefs were generally there,
hey might pay me when they drew their an- [but did not appear to be doing much business;
Luity; to a few who were poor I would give (the surveyor was also there: he got up in a
very friendly way and shook hands with me.
I seated myself at some distance from him ;
he pretty soon invited me to step a^ide with
him, his object seemed to be to enlist me in
his favor. I told him I was opposed to hav-
ing the reservation divided, believing the
object was entirely to promote the interests
of the Ogden Company, and would not in anj''
way benefit the Indians. I gave him to un-
derstand that I would oppose everything that
would be prejudicial to their interests; that
I felt friendly towards him, but would oppose
the act he was engaged in. I left him and
went into the council-house — he pretty soon
followed. Old Blucksnake informed him the
conclusion of the council was, not to have the
reservation divided. The survi-yor informed
the council that he was employed by the arbi-
trators to do the work, that it was necessary
in order to complete their map; that it could
not in any way affect their title, &c. Tunis
Halftown (a chief) told him that they were
united in the conclusion not to have the reser-
vation divided, that he thought there was
nothing in the la^t treaty that required it,
and they wished him now to stop. The sur-
ve^'or attempted again to persuade the chiefs
lo let him go on, telling them he divided the
Cattaraugus reservation, that he met with no
obstruction there, and the Indians appeared
pleased with it; he was sorry to go on with-
out their consent, but would be under the
necessity of doing so ; that if they would not
submit to it, it would have to be done at some
future time. Tunis again informed him that
they were united in the conclusion not to have
anything done ; that it was not worth while
for him to say anything more on the subject,
and if he did not stop, they would endeavor
to find means to stop him. I went to Buffalo
at the request of the chiefs, and ascertained
from Thomas Lowe, (he is generally called
Judge Lowe, he being the arbitrator that
was chosen to act for the Indians in settling
up the last treaty), that the survej'ors were
(employed) b}^ the Ogden Company, that the
arbitrators had nothing to do with it, had
made out their report, and their services
ended last spring; that the treaty did not re-
quire the reservation to be divided, and that
it was optional with the Indians whether it
should go on or not. The Supreme Court of
this State has given an opinion, in a ease that
had been tried at Buffalo, between a man by
the name of Lee and the Ogden Company, in
relation to some timber which Lee had pur-
chased of the Cattaraugus Indians that had
been cut on their own reservation, in which it
says: "The Indians have never parted with
the title to the land on whicli the timber was
cut; that their right is as perfect as it was
when the first European landed on their con-
tinent, with the single exception that they
cannot sell without the consent of the govern-
ment. Their right of occupancy to them and
their heirs forever, remains wholly unim-
paired. They are not tenants of the State —
330
THE FRIEND.
they hold under their own original title.
They huvc cut and sold their own timber,
and I see no principle upon which the plain-
tiff can have an action either against them or
their vendor." * * * *
1 do not, as yet, feel quite able to fix upon
the proper time for leaving, but desire to be
preserved in patience until that time arrives.
Oh! it is a great and a good thing to be en-
tirely resigned to the will of our Divine
Master.
In sincere love I remain thy friend,
Ebenezer Wortu.
(To he coutiuueJ.)
From " Tlie London Friend."
Friends in fardigansiiire, &c.
The Friend of Eighth month, 1874, con-
tained an account of a visit that I had paid to
Gwern Driw, the only spot which seems to
liave been used by the Society of Friends as
a burial-ground in Cardiganshire. Some par-
ticulars were also given respecting the Friends
•who had lived in that county, two of whom,
Samuel George and his brother John George,
resided at the adjoining village of Llandewi-
Brefi, in the early part of last century. I am
now able to add to this account, by having
lately had an opportunity of perusing some
papers left by John Player, a Friend of Tock-
ington, near Bristol, who took an active part
in the concerns of the Society in the latter
half of the last century, and died in 1808,
aged about eighty-three.
In 1753, when John Player was about
twenty-eight years of age, he spent about six
■weeks in travelling through Wales as com-
panion to one whom he describes as " That
worthy and honorable servantof God, William
Brown, of Pliiladelphia." William Brown
was the brother in-law of John Churchman,
an eminent American minister, with whom
he was a frequent fellow-laborer in the Gos-
pel. They had crossed the Atlantic together,
but they believed it was best for them to carry
out their visits in this country for the most
part separately. In part of his service John
Churchman had for a companion John Pem-
berton, whom ho describes as " a sober, well-
inclined young man," and who himself subse-
quently became a valuable minister.
John Player wrote a brief journal of his
visit in Wales with William Brown, in which
(after mentioning meetings held in the coun-
ties of Monmouth, Glamorgan, Carmarthen,
and Pembroke) he saj'S : —
" 12th mo. 5, Fourth-day. — Being guided by
Morgan Price we set forward over the moun-
tains to the widow Ann Evans, at Gwern
Driw, in the parish of Llandewi-Brefi, in Car-
diganshire, at whose house wo had a meeting
on the morrow. A solid and satisfactory meet-
ing it was, there being some of the neighbors
■well-inclined, and most of the few Friends
there keep their places prctiy well, being of
those who was first convinced in this place;
to whom encouragement was given, as well
as the way of life declared to others, which
covered the souls of some present through the
power of Him who is all-suflRciont, that it
seemed as a shower to refresh the drooping
heart of some there ; they wore encouraged to
continue in the practice of holding a week-day
meeting. From this place (on Sixth-day) we
set forward, guided by Daniel Evan, to John
Goodwin's, at Esgairgoch, on the mountains
called Trcfcglwys, in Montgomeryshire. This
I'^riend and his wife are a noble pair, and well
esteemed of at home, Iwiving built a meeting-
house and purchased the ground at their cost.
We rested with them one day, and the morrow,
being the Firstday, we had a meeting (which
was pretty large, 1 think I may say very, con-
sidering the few inhabitants hereaway), and
a solemn and good meeting it was, the states
of some seeking souls present being a pretty
deal spoken to, and encouraged to go on. The
morrow we set forward to Llanidloes, guided
by Edward Rees."
This is the only notice of Cardiganshire
that occurs in this journal, and Gwern Driw
is also the only place in that county men-
tioned by John Churchman ; but the names
given of the Friends who were seen by Wil-
liam Brown and his companion form connect-
ing links respecting others. Daniel Evan,
who guided these Friends into the adjoining
county of Montgomery, was the grandfather
of an elderly woman who was living in the
village of Llandewi-Brcfi, in 1873, and who
very pleasantly supplied some of the informa-
tion I sought. "The widow Ann Evans" was
the sister of the Georges, and of them John
Player has left the following interesting ac-
count : —
"An Account of John Goodwin's visit to
some young convinced at Gwerndriw, as re-
lated by himself to me the 8th of Twelfth
month, 1753, at his house at Esgairgoch.
" At the Yearly Meeting at Llandovery, in
Carmarthenshire [in 1709], was observed two
young men of sober and grave deportment to
be often pretty much reached in the meetings
and much tendered by the power of Truth.
By their apparel and speech they was taken
to be Friends ; but none knew from whence
they were, neither did any ask them as I
know, nor make inquiry after them till they
were gone from the town, when it arose with
me to inquire after them, but they were gone;
but by some means I found they lived in Car-
diganshire, but where, or what their names
was, I could not learn. Some time after my
return home I found it laid on me to go and
visit those two young men, but where to go I
knew not, nor whom to inquire after ; so de-
layed in going till I could not with ease of
spirit stay any longer at home. Then calling
to mind that there was no Friends lived in
that count}' as I knew of, save an old man at
Aberystwith, to whom I resolved to go and
inquire if he knew of any such as my concern
was to ; so taking my horse early in a morn-
ing I rode to this Friend, who 1 found more
ignorant concerning them than myself; so
then was I left in a groat strait; to go back I
did not dare without offence to my Master,
and where to go forward I could not tell : but
being very low in myself I resolved to rely on
the Divine Director for my guide, and accord-
ingly turned my horse and rode out of the
town, resolving to ride that road I found most
freedom to take, when I came where there
was two, accordingly having followed this
Guide without asking any one after any re-
ligious or sober people, till I came within
about a mile of the place where they lived,
whore, seeing a man keeping sheep, I found
freedom to go and ask him if ho knew of any
sober, religious people thereabout, lie told
me there was two young men and their sister
who lived about a mile off that was called
Quakers, who would not pull off their hat, nor
go to church, but did sit together without any
preaching; at hearing of which my heart
leaped for joy. I inquired of him the way
and rode to the house, wher:3 being come
called at the door and asked if any relig
people lived there. The father came to
who was a sour old man, and much disple,
with my manner of addressing him; but +i
son John, being in a garden behind the hou
heard my first inquiry and ran to me and ft
on my neck and kissed me, havingin the spir
knowledge of my coming. It was now ne;
night and where to got lodging could not te
and they was afraid to ask their lather for n
to lodge there, but desired me to ask myse
which 1 did, and he told his son he mights
up my horse and take mo in ; so, after havir
been there a little time, the father began 1
exclaim against his children for their leavir
the church and joining in so foolish a worsh
as he apprehended ours was. I was led in tl
meekness of wisdom to open to him the
of righteousness ; he became more moderat
and suffered his children to sit with me ; \
were comforted in each other's company, bei
one in all things, though they had not see
or heard anything of our Society till a litt
before the aforesaid Yearly Meeting. Th
names were Samuel George, John George, an
Ann, their sister (now the widow Ann Evan
at whoso house the meeting is held.")
The foregoing narrative is a valuable add
tion to the memoir of Samuel George, whic
is published in the Fifth Part of "Piety Pn
moted ;" but is equally valuable as portrayin
the earnest Christian character of John Goot
win, of whom there is also an account i
" Piety Promoted," confirming the impre.<sio
that he " walked by faith, not by sight,"
other cases besides this, in which he seeme
to remember that "it is not the will of ou
Father in Heaven that one of the little one
should perish," even if he had literally to car
out our Saviour's description of "going int
the mountains" to seek some of His flock. T
accomplish this object was no light, matter
for the first journey to Aberystwith would b
about thirty miles, and, after getting no in
formation atthatplace, there would be twent
miles more to ride before reaching Llandew
Brefi.
John Goodwin was in very limited circura
stances when he was a young man, and, bein
anxious for the support of his family, he pui
posed following his parents and other nea
relations, who had removed to America; bu
"finding a stop in his mind, and feeling afte
Divine counsel, he found it his place to sottl
in his native land; and it livingl}' arose in h
heart that the Lord would provide for hin
and his family." " At the close of his days
he said with thankfulness that the Lord hat
fulfilled this to him." About the twenty
seventh year of his ago he was called to th
work of the ministry, and became an able in
strumont in turning many from darkness t(
light, and from Satan to the ])Ower of God
He often paid religious visits in Wales and it
some parts of England. He is described at
having been pleasant in conversation, anc
continued fresh and lively to old age. During
his last illness he appeared to bo in a heavenly
frame of mind, abounding with praises to God
for his continued mercies, often expressing
how valuable the enjoyment of the love oi
God is on a dying bod. Ho died in 17G3, aged
about eighty-two years.
Esgairgoch, whore John Goodwin lived, is'
a village about eight miles from Llanidloos.l
in Montgomeryshire, very near the sources'
of the Severn and the Wye, on the slopes oi
THE FRIEND.
331
iramon. It was of such a Welsh moun-
as this, though moro probably it was
ider-Idi-is, that George Fox wrote, with no
pressions of incredulity, that " the country
ople said it was two or three miles high."
ad he says, " From the side of the hill I
uld see a great way. And I was moved to
ttny face several ways, and to sound the day
the Lord there. And I told John ap John
faithful Welsh minister^ in what places
Dd would raise up a people to Himself, to
t under his own teaching. These places he
ok notice of; and since then hath a great
ople arisen in those places."
At the time that John Goodwin was living
Je are told by John Churchman, that there
[ere at Esgairgoch "several tender Friend
iit," he adds, " the living are scarcely able to
^ar the weight of the professors, who, al
lOugh they know the truth, do not abide
aerein, and so are as withered branches cast
^rth." Amongst those who then lived there
i-as Edward Rees, who followed the occupa-
on of a mountain farmer; his widow, Eliza-
eth Rees, continued to reside at Esgairgoch
,ntil her decease, in 1804, at the advanced
ge of 97. Their descendants settled further
outh, and the last survivor in the Society of
j'riends who retained the family name was
heir grandson, the late Jonathan Rees, who
lied at Neath in 1867.
In thus githering together fragments re
pecting the Friends in Cardiganshire, thi
xact limits have been exceeded by the mem
ion that has been made of some who lived in
he adjoining county of Montgomery. Al
though Friends have ceased to exist in these
listriots, yet, when wo turn to such record:
18 we can find respecting them, it is evident
,hat Friends' principles were far more exte
lively held in the latter than in the former
iounty ; but the number seems to have been
jreutly reduced by emigration to America, on
(vhich continent the Welsh element is still
srery apparent in the surnames that frequently
Dccur ; for there we hear of the families of
Evans, Griffiths, Jenkins, Jones, Thomas, Wil-
liams, and other names that are most familiar
in Wales. Frederick J. Gibbins.
Neath, Third month 12th, 1879.
ported on such a dense forest of piles that
only the smallest skiff can pass through the
arrow, tortuous openings. Formerly the
thieves had a channel of this kind from one
end of the city to the other, by which they
could travel nearly the whole distance with-
out showing themselves."
For '' The Friend."
Letters of James Emleii.
(Continued trom page ^2b.)
'8th mo. 3 Ist, 1852. * * * How har
unguarded, and during our repose have suf-
fered the enemy to enter and sow his tares,
we must be willing now to abide the con-
sequence, until the sifting time may be over;
and oh ! that we may be found among the
solid wheat in the end — of which we are as-
sured ' not one grain shall be lost. * * *
Oh ! the sweetness of true humility ; is it not
at the very foundation of all our building in
spiritual things? how fearful of every thing
that is high and lifted up ! how jealous of
every aspiring thought — how much at home
t is, under" the 'pressure of bodily infirmity,! with the lowly, little ones. Do we not desire
Under the Piers. — A recent article in Scrib
ner's Magazine, describes a visit paid, in com
pany with one of the steamboat police, along
the docks and piers of New York city. Th(
piers are generally open below, so that the
water ebbs and flows beneath the flooring on
which the goods are deposited. This flooring
is supported on piles driven into the mud
The article says: —
" This under side of the city is a shadowy
world even at high noon, and its structure,
well as its seclusion, makes it as good as a
forest for hiding. The piles stand in rows
running across the pier, a stringer of heavy
timber lies on top of every row, joists 1"
across the stringer, and planks cover the
whole. Thus between the top of each stringer
and the planks there is quite a space, where
boxes and bundles can be hidden. The under
side of a pier can hold a good sloop-load of
packages, and a box on a stringer is invisible
to any one passing under the pier, unless he
passes very close to it. There are many miles
of piers about the city, and each pier has a
great quantity of stringers. So here is a vast
region of secrecy right under the busiest part
of New York. Many of the piers arc sup
still to feel a %veight of responsibility resting
upon the mind, which it is not easy to put
away^ I fully believe divine compassion re-
gards thee,— thy sighs and thy tears, and even
thy physical ailments are not unnoticed— that
I crave thy strength may be renewed and re-
vived by a sense of His mercy, and that thou
mayest hold up thy head in hope : We are
said to be ' saved by hope,' and let us not suffer
the enemy to rob us of this precious anchor
to the tossed and tribulated mind.
1st mo. 12th, 1853.— Thy little messenger
was relieving. * * * I had feared my letter
might prove like the prescription of an un-
skilful physician, and so do more harm than
good. I felt glad that peace was restored,
and hope the return of it may be accompanied
with renewed encouragement to devote thy-
self unreservedly to the best of Masters. To
' know how to abound' as well as ' how to
suffer want,' I have often thought must be
among the highest of christian attainments.
To suffer with patient submission, and let it
'have its perfect work' in 'strengthening,
stablishing and settling' us, and to 'abound'
with trembling and humility, lest the enemy
should insinuate some of his flattering delu-
.sions, and tempt us to think — now all is safe,
we shall never bo moved, &c. ; but blessed i?
he that endureth temptations such as those.
and many others, for ' when he is tried ht
shall receive the crosvn of life.' ' The things
concerning me shall have an end,' said the
dear Master; and we are not to suppose that
' the rod of the wicked shall always rest upon
the lot of the righteous ;' but that he shall in
due time know his enemies to be subdued
under him, and the crown of victory — the
mark of holiness — placed upon his head.
"I dare say there are many trials, peculiar
to the position, but I have also often had
reason to think there was much to be thank-
ful for in being placed in a situation wherein
we can serve the good cause in our outward
vocation ; but little in it to flatter and nourish
selfish feelings, and a constant opportunity to
do a little good, if it is only by diffusing the
salutary influence of a good example, a de-
vout and prayerful spirit, an affectionate in-
terest in the best welfare of the flock of
' lambs' entrusted to your care.
" 2nd mo. 28th, 1853. * * * I do think
it may be allowable, sometimes, for the poor
that our dwelling may be appointed with such
to all eternity ? Yes, I fully believe we do,
and if we are faithful to what we know, we
shall not be disappointed. * * * If I know
my own heart there is nothing I so much de-
sire as to be enabled to walk acceptably in
the divine fear until my change come — which
I often think may not be far off. * * *
Oh ! that the wound of my people was healed,
md harmony restored."
A Big Cut.
Passage of a Train Through the Grand Canon
of the Arkanms.
The actual passing of the first passenger
train through the Grand Canon and Royal
Gorge, on the line of the Denver and Rio
Grande Railroad of Colorado was briefly men-
tioned last week. The Denver Tribune con-
tains a glowing description of the pioneer ex-
cursion of invited guests. The excursion
started from Denver, but received accessions
at other points along the route. On reaching
the canon the engine was placed in the rear,
so as to give a better view to the tourists.
The approach to the canon is gradual. The
distant hills draw nearer, and the Valley of
the Arkansas becomes narrower and narrower
until the river is shut in clo.sely on both sides
by high mountains, sloping gently away and
covered with verdure. Then the slope of the
mountains becomes more perpendicular, and
the hills become higher, until suddenly the
river is completely shut in by mountains with
mighty tops. The roar and rattle of the train
grows louder and echoes up and down. The
train is fairly in the canon. It moves .slowly.
The mountain walls are of a dizzy height,
and so close together that looking ahead they
appear simply to form a crevice, a huge,
awful crooked crevice, through which the
miserable little train was timidly crawling.
The curves of the canon are superb. They
constitute the finishing touch to its grandeur,
and fill the mind with a fuller appreciation of
this great miracle of ntiture. But the Roj'al
Gorge! Imagine two almost perfectly per-
pendicular walls rising to a height of 2,200
feet, and only thirty feet apart, those walls
presenting jagged and irregular masses of
rock that on the railroad side hang over the
train all creviced and ready to fall in thou-
sands of tons. The roadbed is cut out of the
sorrowing disciples to talk together by the solid rock, and masses of thi ^^^SOjevJ
way (as did the two on their way to Bramaus), stretching out a hundred f«°t. OnecXOt
aJev those feelings of sadness and disappoint- 1 look to the top of his wall °" f °°°";J "^ ^'l'^ °
ment that must attend many daring the trials | projecting, irregular bluffs ^ut the he ght to
of the present day ; and 1 am sure I would! the top even as measured by ^\lX^''^'^^l
rather be found in company with such, than;the faculties and brings on ve tigo^ The
with those who are taking their ease and are cooped-up Arkansas rushes ^^^ly b^' ^ ";«-
unconcerned about these things. We feel row thread, made still ^^'^ ^^ ^'/J^^'lf'
disappointed, because we hoped better things thrown into it. There is not, "oo" ^c, step
from the worthy profession of our education, from the train without P';^'^'"^ '°'^. ^^°^.
and one that we had tested and tried and river. Not a word is ""?^ ^^ J,'^«;°S'°^«
loved and admired. But if wo have been too whistles occasionally, and timid folks look ior
332
THE FRIEND.
-:
For "The Friend." |
he rocks to fall. It is really a strain on the
mind to take it in ; and this can be only feebly
done on a single trip. Two thousand feet
above you are the tops of the mounlain walls.
You are impii.soned in a crack thirty (eel
wide, and are partially under one mountain
wall. You can see on the opposite side the
gradations of the verdure, rich below, im
poverished above. And the curves become
more awful as you look ahead or back. For
forty-tive minutes the tourists enjoyed this
sight. The train stopped at the construction
bridge near the end of the gorge. Salutes
were fired, a fifteen minutes halt was made,
and the engine started the train for Canon
City. There was no sun in the gorge, but it
slanted down the opposite niounluin wall as
the party returned through the canon, in-
creasing the surpassing beauty of the scene.
The canon is eleven miles in length, and the
gorge a mile and a-half. The tourists had
For "The Friend
AN APPEAL TO FRIENDS.
BY SARAH B. WILBUR.
How can we be mirthful, how can we be gav,
When so many poor souls are going astray '!
Going down in their sin to darkness and doom,
Only hoping the future will end in the tomb.
True, we cannot save them, the choice is their own
But when stumbling in darkness, the path may be shown.
A word di-opped in season the wild heart may read
And our daily example a sermon will preach.
Though the pathway be narrow, and .strait be the gate.
Though temptations beset them, and snares lie in wait.
By faiihfully striving they may yet be made whole ;
But mirth and the revel, ne'er yet saved a soul.
Light words and gayety, merely hide fears,
While the heart is made better by sorrow and tArs.
Then by precept and practice, let 's earnestly seek
To prove that we're striving to be humble and meek.
Then how can we be mirthful, how can we be gay,
When long ere the dawn of another bright day,
seen itall-seen the g,-eatest nutut-al wonderll'Kd-^.l'r.S
ot the West and the hrst train of passengers
had passed through the gorge. It will bo P''^''"''y then will have opened its gate,
impossible to build another road through the ^l^'ii'j^L'^Jil'KJ!,.^''''''''- '° '"?^' ''*''•''■ J""' ^^'-^ '
gorge. Until this point is reached the other
side of the river has the advantage, being
easier to build over. But the only way to
continue a road beyond the opening of the
gorge would be to bridge the Arkansas and
run over the track of the Santa Fe. This is
the only escape. In cutting the road-bed in
the gorge the workmen would begin high up
on the mountain wall and blast down to the
level of the road. In this way masses of rock
a hundred yards wide have been split from
the mountain. In that narrow crevice it was
difficult to dispose of this material. Son\e
■was used for the road-bed, and the rest of
necessity was thrown into the Arkansas. This
made the already too much shut-in stream
still more contracted.
The new
No change can be there where the soul cannot die ;
The tree will have fallen, .and so it must lie.
Hopkinton , R. L, 5th mo. 12th, 1879.
WAITING.
Do the little brown twigs complain
That they haven't a leaf to wear ?
Or the grass, when the wind and rain
Pull at her matted hair ?
Do the little brooks struggle and moan
When the ice has frozen their feet?
Or the moss turn gray, as a stone,
Because of the cold' and sleet ?
Do the buds that the leaves left bare
To strive with their wintry fate,
In a moment of deep despair,
Destroy what they cannot create ?
Oh, Nature is teaching us there
To patiently wait, and wait.
For "The Friend.'
ew doctrine advanced by some Backward my memory wanders to-night
amongst l).s_, that it is not the office or work | Into the shadows of by-gone years,
of the Spirit to sanctify or cleanse the soul Parting the curtains and bringing to light
The past, with its gladness and tears.
Things long forgotten, memories hushed,
Dreams I had tenderly buried from sight-
Longings unsatisfied — bright hopes crushed-
from sin, but that it, the Spirit, simply leads
the soul to depend on the blood shed on Cal-
vary to cleanse them, whilst they can induico
the gratification of the carnal man, in pride
and ostentation, must be very agreeable to I Of sunshine and gladness— of shadow and blight,
the great deceiver of souls ; as well as what Of a si.ster's tears and a mother's pravers-
is now advanced, that universal peace mustj Of trials, temptations and victories won-
not be expected until Christ appear in person Of days of brightness and freedom from cares,
again upon the earth. These new views will Or of striving to utter, "Thy will be done."
not accord with the doctrine of our early And I marvel much at the tangled skein
if riends ; but the enemy has first drawn many The parted curtains have left in sight,
from Christ in the heart, and then drawn
"veil" over the understanding; and it is onlj'
as Friends are brought to live in the purity,
in the indwelling of the Spirit of Christ, that
they can remove this "veil." But wo arc as-
sured, " The loftiness of man shall be bowed
down, and the haughtine.ss of man shall bo
brought low," and "That the Lord shall arise
to shake terribly the nations." S. C.
It is as truly witnessed now, as in days of
old, that to bo " spiritually-minded is life, and
peace ;" to mind the spirit, to have our minds,
thoughts and wills exercised by the Spirit of
truth, "is life and peace; and to bo carnally-
minded "is death, sorrow, and trouble." These
things are not only read, but truly known,
and every particular may feel both within.—
William Shewen.
With threads of gladness and threads of pain
All mingled and twisted, the dark with the light.
Ah ! strangely woven, these lives of ours.
With warp of gladness and woof of pain.
Yet the flowers would droop in the sunny hours
Were they never refreshed by the cooling rain.
We wonder oft-times at the broken threads.
And murmur at trials and crosses we meet.
Ne'er thinking it needeth e.ach fragment and shred
To render the pattern of life complete.
Oh, a careful Weaver is watching the loom —
And tho' the web may seem jagged and rough.
Whether threads of glory or threads of gloora
He knoweth the reason, and that is enough.
The People of Turkey
(Concluded from page 323.;
The Bulgarians are tho descendants of
horde of llunnish warriors from the banki
of the Volga, who crossed the Danube abou
the year 679 A. D., and gradually coalescei
with the previous inhabitants of the countr
they now occupy, which extends from ih
Danube Kiver to the Balkan Mountains, an
south of that range. Our author represent
them as a peace loving, hard-working peoplt
but inferior to the Greeks in that versatilit'
of talent which enables the latter to ente
into and follow with success employments c
almost any kind. Yet their persevering ir
dustry and economy enable them to obtai:
a living from the soil notwithstanding the ii
regular system of taxation, and the tyrannic
of the government officials to which they ar
subjected.'
The Turkish peasants are described as quie
and submissive subjects, but poor, ignoran
and improvident. They show signs in man'
places of decrease in numbers, and genera
deterioration. This is largely due to th
drain upon the able-bodied men for militan
service, and to the general mismanagemen"
of the civil government; which their natur
ally indolent habits, and lack of quickn
intellect, render more hurtful to their pros
perity than it is to that of the quicker-witlec
Greeks.
The Armenians, driven from their own coun
try by the horrors of war, are scattered ovei
all the countries of the East. Many of then
nhabit tho larger towns of Turkey and fine
employment in the mechanical arts, and ir
commerce and banking, in which they display;
much ability. They do not manifest a na
tional feeling to any great degree ; and have
largely assimilated to the customs of tho peo-
ple among whom they live.
The Jews dwelling in Turkey are, to s
great extent, descendants of those expelled
from Spain by the Inquisition and the edicl
of 1492: their language is a corrupt Spanish
dialect.
" The chief occupations of the Jewish com
munity are banking and commerce. They
excel in both to such a degree, that where
man belonging to another nationality ca
only realize a fair competence, the Israelite
makes a fortune; whilst in positions in which
other men would starve, the Jew will man-
age to keep himself and family in comfort.
The secret of this well known lact lies in the
unusual finesse and ability displayed by Isra-
elites occupying high positions in the business
world, and the cunning and ingenuity of the
lower orders, who with moderate exertion
make tho most of their trade, and extort all
they can from those with whom they have
dealings."
When Circassia was finallj- subjugated by
the Russian armies in 1864, about 300,000 of
tho inhabitants migrated into Turkey. Clothes
d rations were distributed to them by tho
Turkish authorities, and they were settled in
different parts of its territory. Our author
describes them as sad thieves, and a serious
nuisance to the more industrious people among
whom they were located. She says: —
"Tho depredations of the Circassians be-
came so extensive that from one farm alone
Every particle of matter is an immensity:
every loaf, a world; every insect an inoxplic' _
able compendium. How, then, can wocom-lin tho district of Adrianopio three hundred
prchond all the mysteries of truth, and all thejand fifty head of cattle wore stolen and never
ways of the infinite God? — Lavater. Irecovcrod.
THE FRIEND.
333
A systematic company of caltle-stealei-s every one of you, and give largely to the poor
estalilished all over Bulgaria ; the stolen and needy ! Refuse not chanty either to Mo-
nals taken from the villages found their hammedans or Christians, for they are sepa-
T to Rodosto and Gallipoli, where they rated from us only by the thickness of th-
•e shipped to Asia Minor and exchanged
h stolen cattle from that coast. The dex-
ty with which a Circassian, introducing
iself into a stud, takes possession of the
t horse, is the terror and wonder of the
ner. He uses a kind of lasso, which, cast
r the head of the animal, enables him to
int it and stick to it as if horse and rider
■e one. The wildest animal is soon cowed
ler the iron sway of the rider, and disap-
rs, to be seen no more."
Becoming prosperous and wealthy through
irconlinual depredations and robberies, the
ithful portion of the community that had
aped sickness on first landing formed a
riess hostile faction in the land, having as
le respect for the authority of the Porte as
the life and properly of the natives. When
Government tried some years ago to bring
ortion of them under military discipline,
-y rebelled and gave much trouble to the
.horities in the capital itself, where it was
nd necessary to seize, exile, and otherwise
aish some of the chiefs for insubordination."
'The Gipsies in Turkey, numbering about
),000 souls, profess outwiirdly Mdhamme
lisra, but keep so few of its tenets that the
e believers, holding them in execration,
ly their right to worship in the mosques
bury their dead in the same cemetery,
though not persecuted, the antipathy and
idain felt for them evinces itself in many
;ys, and appears to be founded upon a strange
rend current in the country. This legend
7-3 that when the gipsy nation were driven
t of their country and arrived at Mekran,
3y constructed a wonderful machine, to
lich a wheel was attached. Nobody ap-
ared able to turn this wheel till in the
idst of their vain efforts some evil spirit
bsented himsolf under the disguise of a sage
:d informed the chief (whoso name was
len) that the wheel would be made to turn
ly when he had married his sister Guin.
»e chief accepted the advice, the wheel
rned round, and the name of the tribe after
is incident became that of the combined
mes of the brother and sister, Chenguin, the
•pellation of all the gipsies of Turkey at the
es nt day.
;"This unnatural marriage, coming to the
lowledge of one of the Moslem saints, was
rthwith, together with the whole tribe,
undly cursed ; they were placed beyond
e pale of mankind, and sent out of the
untry under the following malediction: —
lay you never more enter or belong to the
venty seven and a half races that people the
rth, but as outcasts be scattered to the four
rners of the earth, homeless, wretched, and
)or; ever wandering and toiling, never re-
izing wealth, enjoying the fruits of your
bor, or acquiring the esteem of mankind!'
"I'have related this legend because it re-
■esents in a very striking manner the condi
3n of the gipsies of Turkey as well as the
ilief placed in it by people of all creeds,
ho not only put them beyond the pale of
amankind, but also deny to them what
ould be granted to animals — their alms.
ast year during the Eamazan, a popular
odja, preaching"^ on charity to a large con-
regation of Mohammedans, thus addressed
lem— 'O true believers, open your pu
skin of an onion ; but give none to the Chen-
guins, lest part of the curse that rests upon
their heads should fall upon yours!' "
"The habits of these people are essentially
nomadic. Sultan Murad IV. tried to check
their roving disposition, by ordering that
they should bo permanently settled in the
vicinity of the Balkans, and obliged to live a
regular life ; but disregarding the imperial de-
cree, they dispersed all over the country, now
pitching their tents in one place and now in
another, like evil spirits bent on mischief, or
birds of prey ready to pounce upon any game
that ofifers itself. Their pilfering propensities
are entirely directed to supplying the common
wants of nature ; they never grow rich on
their plunder."
There are always men in every community
whose store of time and zeal and helpfulness
and money seems unlimited. If anything is
to be done, the common opinion at once looks
to these men to do it. But the fact that they
have more time and money at their disposal,
for any good use, is pretty sure to be nothing
but an evidence of their frugality and pru-
dence. Those whoso hands and purses do the
most good are those who save strength and
money for good things, instead of wasting
them on frivolities. Ten foolish demands
have to bo refused, in order that there may
be means to gratify one wise call. He who
says no, wisely, to-day, is the man who will
be able to say yes, wisely, to-morrow, "^ "^
Times.
-S. S.
A7i Unpublished Verse of Gray's Elegy.— \n
his reading at Boston, recently, James T.
Fiilds spoke of the lives of the poets Gray
and Goldsmith. He said that in 1750 Gray
showed his friends, in manuscript, the " Elegy
Written in a Country Church-yard." He had
much shrinking timidity with regard to its
publication, but its sudden popularity when
it appeared from the press, filled him with
delight as well as with surprise. The poem
was instantly translated into Greek, Latin,
Italian, Portuguese, French, German, and
Hebrew, so thut the whole world read it con-
temporaneously. When he first handed about
the poem in manuscript, it contained a lovely
verse which he discarded in the printing. It
seems to me, said Fields, one of the most per-
fect in the poem, and why he chose to omit it
s still a mystery :
There scattered oft the earliest of the year
By hands unseen are showers of violets found,
The redbreast loves to build and warble there,
And little footsteps lightly print the ground.
Ep. Recorder.
For " The Friend "
Nicholas Upsall.
At a recent meeting of the New England
Historic S'lciety, held on the 7th of 5th mo.,
a sketch of the life of Nicholas Upsall was
read by Augustine Jones, which is of interest
to the members of the Society of Friends. N.
Upsall was one who showed kindness to some
of the early sufferers under the intolerant
spirit of the Puritan settlers in Massachusetts.
He came from England in 1630, and settled
in Dorchester. He was one of the first one
hundred and eight who were admitted to the
privilege of a freeman, in 1631. It was de-
termined that same day, that thereafter none
should be made freemen who were not church
members ; this reduced the government to a
theocracy.
He appears to have been well esteemed,
and filled several important public offices in
Dorchester prior to his removal to Boston in
1644. There he and his wife Dorothy were
admitted members of the church in the 5th
nth of that year. He kept an inn called
the Red Lyon Inn at the corner of North and
Richmond" Streets.
"Mary Fisher and Ann Austin, the first
Friends who visited Amerifa, arrived in May,
1656, and, without law, were kept in prison
five weeks, no one being allowed to speak to
them, the prison windows being boarded up
as an extra precaution. Nicholas Upsall,
touched with compassion, gave the jailer five
shillings a week for the privilege of furnish-
ing food to save the lives of these women.
This was in obedience to a law higher than the
statutes of men.
It has been said that these women visited
churches insufficiently attired and did other
insane and impossible things. It is certain,
however, that neither of them had a moment
of liberty in Boston, and that both were sent
directly to Barbadoes. They were banished
6 mo. 5, 1656. They had not taught heresy
in words, but their sufferings attested the
genuineness of their convictions and the firm-
ess of their faith more completely than lan-
II age could have done it.
lt"^does not appear that he suffered for these
deeds of mercy ; they may not have been
known to the Government. His own perse-
cution was, however, at hand.
The first act of the General Court against
Friends was dated Oct. 14, 1656. The pre-
sumption 'that every man knows the law'
was not relied on ; the act was publicly read,
attention of citizens being called to it by beat
of drum through the streets. This was done
in front of the Red Lyon Inn. And Nicholas
Upsall hearing the act read before his door
said that ' he did look at it as a sad forerunner
of some heavy judgment to follovv upon the
country.' On the following morning he was
called before the court and charged with
having expressed his disapprobation of the
law against Quakers. He ' in much tender-
ness and love' warned the magistrates to take
heed lest they be found fighting against God.
" I testify against these cruel laws ;
Forerunners are they of .»ome judgment on us ;
And, in the love and tenderness I bear
Unto this town and people, I beseech you,
O magistrates, take heed, lest ye be found
As lighters against God."
He was fined for this twenty pounds. Gov-
ernor Endicott saying, ' I will not bate him
Dr. Cullis tells, in one of his reports, of an
aged Christian who, lying on his death-bed
in the Consumptives' Home, was asked the
cause of his perfect peace, in a stale of such
extreme weakness that he was often entirely
unconscious of all around him. He replied,
" When I am able to think, I think of Jesus
and when I am unable to think of Him I know
He is thinking of me." And to how many of
the Lord's dear suffering children have the
words of the Psalmist come with sweet con- - t" . , , „;^u^a ,r. Hp
solalion, "I am poor and needy; yel the Lord one groat. He was besides l^^nished, to de-
thinkelh upon L." I part in thirty days, including four in prison
334
THE FRIEND.
id ws
fined three pounds more for not at-'deferred, we may never again be able to per-
tending vvorsliip after banishment. H
driven from his home, the Red Lyon Inn,
near the beginning of winter, at sixty years
of age; he passes the winter in Sandwich,
and in the early spring is driven to Eliode
Island, the sanctuary of men persecuted for
conscience' sake.
The Indians give him a home, and one of
them exclaims,' What a God have the English,
who deal so with one another about their
God!'
He returned to Boston in three j'ears, and
was instantly thrust into prison. He found
there Daniel and Provided Southwick, who
were offered to be sold as slaves, but there
was no buyer. Whittier has described this
scene in a spirited poem.
William Eobinson and Marmaduke Steven
son were hangid in 1659, tradition says, on
Liberty Tree, Boston, and Nicholas Upsall
caused poles to be brought to fence in the pit
where their bodies were thrown by the ex-
ecutioner.
He was in prison in Boston two years, and
he 'drew so many persons to him' that he
was sent down the harbor to the castle.
Through the efforts of his wife and others he
was permitted by the court to go to the house
of John Capen, who was probably his wife's
brother. John Capen lived in Dorchester,
and had early been selectman of the town
with Nicholas Upsall. Here he remained
four years, from 1662 to 1666, and died there
Aug. 20, 1666. He was buried in Copp's
Hill Burying Ground, and the following is
the inscription on the stone at his grave:
NICHOLAS
VPSALIi AGED
ABOVT 70 YEARS
DYED Ye OF
AVGVST 1666
The descendants of Nicholas Upsall, highly
esteemed and respected people, are livinu-
now in Boston and New York.
The inventory of his estate, deducting his
debts, was £543 10s, a large estate then, and
he had been ten years an exile or in prison
and had to support both himself and family.
He gave his books, papers, certain furni-
ture and the use of a room during the life of
his daughter, to the Society of Friends ; this
room was in the Red Lyon Inn. The Yearly
Meeting of Friends for New England, 4 mo.
7, 1694, sold its interest under the will, and
adding other money to the proceeds, built the
first brick meeting house in Boston, near the
site of the Quincy House, in Brattle Street.
Nicholas Upsall was not a sectarian fanatic;
he was a quiet, unobtrusive man of business,
whose heart warmed at the sight of human
suffering.afriendot the friendless, who clothed
the naked and fed the hungry — a good Samari-
tan. And if we may not call him a great
man, he certainly exhibits the real grandeur
of moral herioism, when solitary and alone
he confronts the Government with his honest
conviction —
" At last the fieart
Of every honest man must speak or break."
So uncertain is life, and so manifold are the
vicissitudes of human experiences, that any
leave taking may be forever. We are never
sure of an opportunity to unsay the angry
word, or draw out the cruel thorn we left
rankling in a tender heart. The kindness we
felt prompted to do to-day, but neglected or
form. The only way, therefore, to save our
selves from unavailing sorrow and regret, is
to let love always rule in our hearts and con
trol our speech. W we should speak unad
visedly, giving pain to another heart, let
reparation bo made instantly, and upon the
spot. The sun should never go down upon
our wrath. We should never leave anything
over night that we would not be willing to
leave finully and forever, and which we would
blush to meet again in the great disclosure.
Optimism and Tessimism.
Two boys went to hunt grapes. One was
happy because they found grapes. The other
was unhappy because the grapes had seeds in
them.
Two men, being convalescent, were asked
how they were. One said, "lam better to-
day." The other said, "i was worse yester-
day."
When it rains, one man says, " This will
ake mud." Another, "This will lay the
dust."
Two boys examining a bush, one observed
that it had a thorn. 'The other that it had a
rose.
Two children looking through colored glass-
es, one said, " The world is blue." And the
other said. "It is bright."
Two boys eating their dinner, one said, " I
would rather have something better than
this." The other said, " This is better than
nothing."
Two men went to see New York. One
visited the saloons, and thought New York
wicked. The other visited the homes, and
thought New York good.
Two boys looking at some skaters, one said,
"See how they fall." The other, "See how
they glide."
Two strangers to our world were offered
refreshments. One took beer, and the other
mead. The first said the world is bitter. The
other that it is sweet.
A servant thinks a man's house is princi-
pally kitchen. A guest that it is principally
parlor.
Two boys having a bee, one got honey and
the other got stung. The first called it a
honey bee: and the other, a stinging bee.
Two boys got each an apple. One was
thankful for the apple. The other was dis-
satisfied because it was not two.
I am glad that I live," says one man. " I
am sorry I must die," says another.
" I am glad," says one, " that it is no worse."
I am sorry," says another, "that it is no
better."
One man counts everj-thing that he has a
gain. Another counts everything else that
he conceives a loss.
One man spoils a good repast by thinking
of a better repast of another. Another enjoys
a poor repast by contrasting it with none at
all.
Sitting down to the same table, one man
can make his meal off pickles and another off
sweetmeats.
In di'inking lemonade, you may detect only
the sweet or only the sour.
One man is thankful for his blessings. An-
other is morose for his misfortunes.
One man thinks he is entitled to a better
world, and is dissatisfied because he hasn't
got it. Another thinks he is not justly enti-
tled to anjf, and is satisfied with this.
One man enjoj'S what he has. Anot
suffers for what he has not.
One man makes up his accounts from
wants. Another from his assets.
One man complains that there is evil in
world. Another rejoices that there is goot
the world.
One says, "Our good is mixed with ev
Another says, " Our evil is mixed with goo
— Independent.
Natural History, Science, &c.
Rooks. — Our attention was first attrac
to these birds on a bright sunny morning
the month of February, when they came
hundreds, and set up such an outbreak
"caws," that the most indifferent persi
could not be unaware of their presence. J
severe weather of winter had prevailed bu
few days before, and I considered it v
somewhat strange at the time that these bii
could be looking for the spring season on
short a notice, so I watched their doings v(
attentively. Each rook shouted as loud
it could, and every shout awoke a hund
reverberations. Sometimes a large numl
would simultaneously set out on the wii
and make a flight of considerable circuit, a
then return, and set up as loud a cawing
ever.
We all know that bright February da
are generally folio wed by northeasterly bias
of which there is an old adage that " th
are good for neither man nor beast" at
most certainly, they are not calculated
excite any merriment in the rookery. T
birds sit in silence on the branches, sway
by the force of the wind, and have the s
pearance of being uncomfortable to the li
degree.
About the first of March, however, if t
weather be dry, and the wind not too boisfc
ous, the work of building begins in earne
The older birds have only to effect a few i
pairs, but the young ones have to begin frc
the foundation. On the sixth of that mont
I observed a couple just making a start, ai
though there was a great deal of noise, t
tone and manner of the birds were differei
They did not appear to be shouting one
another, as before, but seemed to caw f
their own delectation and encouragemei
At the end of the first day but little progrf
was made. No form of a nest was indicat
by the few sticks that might have been can
lessly thrown together. On the followii
day the wind blew very hard, and all han
struck work. None was so adventurous
to attempt to carry on business. The ds
following, however, the storm subsided; at
though the weather continued cold, the color
once more became the scene of noise ai
activity.
In the first stage of building, and ev<
until the nest begins to assume a finish*
form, it is found necessary that one bii
should remain on guard, while the other go
forth in .search of building material. Tf
male bird does the work, not only by brin
ing home the sticks, twigs, and other r
quisitos, but also of arranging them in ordei
whilst the [female's] duty is to take care
the property already acquired. It is durir
her absence that most of the depredations ai
committed. Such pilferings are managed i
the most stealthy manner possible; the thie
which is generally a near neighbor, pretont
to bo very busy, and when she imagines thi
THE FRIEND.
335
ine is looking on, will nip up a twig and
ly it, as well as any other portion of the
rotected properly, to her own purposes.
,ve never seen a theft, committed openly,
)ably from the feur of exciting popular
gnalion.
he breaking off of twigs and sticks from
branches of trees must be very hard work.
3ok may be often seen tugging away for
' an hour before its purpo.se can be ac-
iplished. During the two days' storm to
ch 1 alluded just now, a great quanlity of
it might appear, at first sight, to be use-
maierial, was strewn on the ground, but
rooks never attempted to make any use
t. Probably they knew by instinct that
it they gathered themselves from off the
ng trees was more sound and durable
n such as was brought down by the wind,
en carrying home the larger sticks, the
Is often appear to be much exhausted with
labor, and in atlempling to wend a some-
it intricate way amongst the branches,
y not unfrequenlly lose their prize, when
bin a few yards, or even feet, of their
lination; still I could not make out that
ler such circumstances a rook ever de-
nded for the purpose of recovering what
lad lost. They seemed to bear their mis-
tune in a philosophical spirit, and set to
ige again without delay. At the end of a
Elk's work the nest I was especially watch-
beo-an to assume its veritable form, the
lale'^was able to sit in it, but would hop
, on the return of her partner, in order
it he might the more conveniently continue
I building or lining process. At a certain
nt the nest is supposed to have attained a
al settlement, after which both birds may
ve home with impunity. In about a fort-
ht the dwelling is complete.
without fear of molestation, but not to build tricity comes out of every rock, and darts
there. If a mau-pie, however, should put in here and there with indescribable radiance,
an appearance, a great commotion would beiAn observer says that it played around him
the immediate consequ. nee. I have seen the continuously, shot down his back, ^slanced
latter bird compelled to beat a retreat when
followed by several black gentry, who as-
sumed a very threatening attitude.
Rooks have frequently taken up their quar-
ters amidst the bustle and constant traffic of
public thoroughfares, apparently unconcerned
about the passing and repassing of the crowd ;
but when their abode is situated in a remote
district, they are extremely susceptible of
the approach of strangers. Even the appear-
ance of a strange dog or cat is, in some cases,
a sufficient cause for exciting a great noise
and commotion; whilst those which belong
to the place would attract no attention what-
ever.
In common with other kinds of birds, rooks
will sometimes help themselves to fruit, newly
sown corn
out of his feet, and so completely filled him
that he became charged like a Lej-den jar.
Nine-tenths of the poor need moral help
more than they need material help. While
they are in their piesent condition of mind,
alms are more likely to be a curse than a
blessing to them. They are poor and de-
graded only because their inner lite was first
impoverished ; if they could be taught self-
denial and self respect, and the value of char-
acter, they would speedily find a way out of
their pauperism. Inspire them with a higher
motive, teach them to postpone present gratifi-
cation for future good, lift up before them a
hope of better life, and the great majority of
them would soon be above the need of charity
meshelpthemseivesto.ruu,new.y J^'^'^^^^'V^rds, the ideas and sentiments
, and the young tubers of polaoesl^^^.^ it is the business of the churches to
still the incalculable good they do in clearing ^
the earth of grubs, so destructive to crops,
surely more than a compensation for such
depredations. — Chambers Journal.
Intra -Mercurial Planets.— From a compari-
son of his own and Professor Watson's ob-
servations of stars near the sun during the
last total eclipse, Prof Swift arrives at the
conclusion that four intra mercurial planets
were seen on that occasion — two by Prof.
Watson and two by himself.
Stability of Cleopatra's Xeedle.—A curious ^^^ ^^^ j,,.^^^_ ^^„^ ^^^ .„„.^^ ..„._„_,
controversy has been going on in the London jj^i.gjj around the city gates. He was not,
r(7iies as to the stability of Cleopatra's Needle, however, without consolation, for he remem-
bered Him who had said, "Lo, I am with
you alway, even unto the end of the world."
propagate, are what they are starving for. —
Late Paper.
Experience and Incident.— "Before they call
I will answer."— A Dutch preacher one even-
ing held a meeting in a strange city. While
he was preaching and enforcing upon the
hearts of his hearers the doctrine of the cross,
a police officer came into the room and for-
bade him to go on. He even commanded
him to leave the city. As he was a stranger
n the place, and the night was dark, he wan-
recently imported from Egypt. The smallest
diameter is five feet and it is calculated to bo
able to resist a pressure of 80 or 90 lbs. per
square foot; the question '
pres-^ure ever
whether the wind
attains that amount, some as-
and the
Qn to this timelhe entiVe colony leave theisertiug that 55 lbs. is the maximum
Udinc. places at ni-bt and proceed to their I discussion has brought out the assertion that
jsting quarters in a body, which are fre- jour ordinary anemometers are entirely unre-
enth'some miles away, generally in aniliable, and fears are entertained that the
tensive wood, which affords shelter from needle is not safe,
i wind. It is interesting to observe that
their course the number of the flock is fre-
ently increased, being joined by parties
tuing from different quarters, and falling in
licably together.
As soon as the period of building is over,
d the time for laying their eggs has come, . • r u , i
e rooks take up thetr permanent quarters to an unseen operator and he takes at once
side their nests a portrait of the suspicious person, while en-
In a week or ten days they usually have gaged in conversation by the cashiers, beve-
ar or five e--s in the nest, and then the ral cunning forgers have been copied in this
ocess of incubation begins. During this j manner, and were a-<tonished when brought
ne the male bird is most assiduous '
Though I walk through the valley of the
shadow of death, I will f.arnoevil : for thou
art with me; thy rod and thy staff they com-
fort me." He had been long in the school of
Christ, and had learned to watch for the
slightest intimations of his will. While he
was thus wandering around, suddenly he saw
.„ „ a lifht in the distance. 'See," he said to
An effective application of the science of {jif^^glf, " perhaps the Lord has provided me
photot;raphy to the detection .,f criminals '^ gj^^i^g^ ^^^pg.- ^nd in the simplicity of faith
has been adopted by the Bank of France. An j ^^ ji,.eetcd his steps thither. On arriving he
invisible camera, with proper apparatus, is,j^^^j,j ^ voice in the house, and as he drew
placed in a gallery behind the disk of the I g.^j.^,|. |^g found that a man was praying.
cashiers, who, when they suspect any bodytj f^i^ ^^ hoped that he had found here the
of an attempt to swindle, give a private signjj^^jjgg ' ^f ^ brother. He stood quiet for a
, ,„„„ minute, and heard the following words poured
out from an earnest heart: " Lord Jesus, they
have driven thy servant from the city, and
he is perhaps at this moment wandering in a
strange place, of which he knows nothing. O
may he find my homo, that he may receive
here food and lodt^ing." The preacher having
heard these words glided into the house, and
as soon as the speaker said "Amen," he saw
his prayer was answered. Both fell on their
knees and thanked the Lord, who is a hearer
of prayer, and who never leaves nor forsakes
his servants.— ifli/e Paper.
the face to face with their counterfeit present
scharge of his domestic duties. He brings Iments. Not long since, a man suspected of
,me abundant food for the use of his sitting forgery was arrested in Marse.l es ; but he
ate, and occasionally takes her place in the, showed letters and brought witnesses ac^
,st whilst she goes abroad, it may be, for complices) to prove his innocence. They
airing Abou! the middle of April the seemed so convincing that he was released,
>un<. birds may be heard -iving utterance land was on the point ot sailing for Alexandria
, a ^''queakin- note, whilst the parents send Egypt, when a detective arrived from Pans
rth a kind of gobbling sound. Their labors , with a photograph taken at the Bank ot|
brin-inc' food for their young are un- France. He was re-arrested, and fo^nd to
eariedTco'mmencing with the first streak of, be the original of the photograph, which led
iwn for the "early worm" and finishing to the discovery of various forgeries, and
ilv at ni-htfall. Sometimes they return caused him to be sent to prison for ten years.
Eooks have their partiality and their aver- their splendor. L. tie thunder accompanies to o»r m beneficial and invigor-
THE FRIEND.
FIFTH MONTH 31, 1879.
336
THE FRIEND.
mode of living— such as the merchant experi-
ences when he leaves his counting-room and
its cares and responsibilities, and spends a
week or two by the seashore, or among the
mountains, or in the quiet retirement of the
country. The freedom from care, and the
feeling of rest, have in thousands of cases
stored the wasted energies, and enabled the
visitor to return to his usual employments
and take up his load of duties with fresh vigor
and courage.
But while relaxation and amusement are
allowable and right within certain limits, it
is needful tp be on our guard that they do not
become excessive in amount, or hurtful in
character. The true Christian, even in those
times when most unbent and at ease, can par
take in nothing which is tainted with evil, or
whose tendency is to lower the standard of
morality, or to act injuriously on his own
spiritual condition or that of others. The in
noceney, sweetness and conscientious careful-
ness \vhich should mark his character, must
manifest itself then as well as at all other
times. The declaraiion of our Saviour, that
a tree is known by its fruit, gives us ground
to believe, that those who indulge in anything
wrong, when from under their usual restraint,
have not yet known what it is to have all
things in them " made new."
There is a strong tendency to excessive in
dulgence in the community, in many of the
games and sports practised for amusement.
The desire to excel in them lakes hold of the
mind, and they are studied and pursued with
an eagerness altogether inconsistent with the
primary or professed object of furnishing that
mental or physical change which will restore
to the system its power of resuming the real
business of life with efBciency. Whenever
amusement thus ceases to be a means, and be-
comes an end which is sought for its own sake,
it fulls below the dignity which belongs to a
rational and immortal being.
In many of the colleges and institutions for
learning, of our country, active amusements,
such as base ball, cricket and rowing are i-e-
sorted to, aa a relief from the tension of severe
study. It may not be wise to prohibit these,
when kept within proper limits, unless some
other forms of active exercise could be sub
stituted, which would be better adapted for
the same purpose, or less liable to abuse. But
the growing custom of continuous and sys-
tematic training in these pursuits, and of con-
testing for superiority in skill with the stu-
dents of other schools, is a perversion of the
right object, that calls loudly on those inte-
rested in such establishments, to check a prac
tice which threatens to become a source of
serious evil.
The spirit of rivalry is often strong in the
young, and though they may bo well-disposed,
yet they have not had that experience in life
which will enable them to foresee the evil re-
sults flowing from such contests. They can-
not fully appreciate the tendency of undue
culture of the muscles to lower the moral and
intellectual tone, and to approximate the in-
dividual in some measure to the level of the
professional athleto-~a level so low that he
who excels in that capacity has very rarely
been worthy of imitation in the higher and
nobler parts of man's nature.
We are sorry, therefore, to observe these
trials of skill between the students of different
schools, believing that evil will flow from
them.
During the past few months, exhibitions
have become common in some of our large
cities of " walking matches," both of men and
women, in which the physical strength and
endurance of individuals are tested under con-
ditions closely resembling those of animals in
a race course. These exhibitions are said to
have been attended by a large number of
spectators. Are not the feelings which are
gratified by such displays, closely allied to
those which in former ages led to gladiatorial
contests; and in these days promote the brutal
amusements of bull-baiting and prize-fighting;
and do they not both indicate and foster a
condition of mind far removed from that
which becomes a people professing the self
denying religion of Christ, or even claiming
to belong to a race of beings distinguished
from the lower orders by a higher intellectual
development?
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— An interesting report of the recent
exercises at Hampton Normal and Agricultural Col-
lege, gives an encouraging statement of the progress of
the Indian students. Of these there are 18 adult men,
Cheyennes, Kiowas, and Arrapahoes, who were taken
prisoners of war four years since, and sent as captives
to St. Augustine ; 40 boys and 9 girls were gathered
from agencies in the West, where they had received
some training, and are represented to be bright, intelli-
gent children. These have been at the school since List
autumn, the older Indians more than a year. The
latter can read intelligilily from the Bible and other
books: showed remarkable familiarity with the map of
the United Stales and arithmetic, and had evinced
creditable interest and progress in the workshop where
they have received instruction in the mechanic arts
The returns to the Department of Agriculture show
the average wages of labor, without board, on yearly
engagements have declined from $21.29 per month to
$20,26, or 4.8 per cent, during the past year. The cost
of board of farm laborers declined 4.16 per cent. Fo
States, and two Territories show an increased rate of
wages— Minnesota, Colorado, California, Oregon, New
Mexico and Washington Territory— all others a de-
cline. This is greatest in Vermont, 39 per cent., Mary-
land, 23 per cent., and Virginia 18J per cent.
The cost of subsistence has advanced in New .Jersey
Pennsylvania, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico and Wash-
ington Territory. All other States show a smaller cost
of subsistence.
The general tone of correspondence is hopeful of a
vival of industry, and the surplus of unemployed
labor IS growing less. Good labor can generally find
employment at fair prices. Many are idle because they
will not accept reduced
under foreclosu
re, representini
;ight railroa
$151,616,71
00 of capital
stock, and $160,014,500 of bonds and del)t.
The U. S. ship Constitution arrived at New York on
the 24th inst., with returned goods from the Paris Ex-
position.
_ William Lloyd Garrison, the noted .abolitionist, died
in New York on the 24th inst., in the 74th year of his
age.
The telephone is being satisfactorily introduced into
underground and submarine operations. The divers
hnd no difficulty in conversing, while at work, with the
engineers directing their operations, thus effecting
great saving of time. In the diver's telephone the wir
are earned into his helmet through the air tube and
are thus amply protected. '
The Legislative Appropriation bill, as amended by
the benate, has been concurred with by the House and
been forwarded to the President. The Warner
silver bill passed the House on the 24th inst., by a vote
of 114 yeas, 97 nays.
The mortality of Philadelphia during the past week
was 261. Of whom 171 were adults and 90 children-
42 being under one vearof age.
Markets, &c.—\]. S. si.xes, 1881. 107i ; do. 5's 1041 '
tL'f "nT' '•P.S'^'ered, 106J ; coupon,"l08 ; 4 per cents,'
103^. 1 he subscriptions to $10 refu "
to date, have been *24,147,150.
Cotton.— Sales of middlings at ISJ
fur uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum.— Crude 7,i cts., in bbls. ; standard white
8J cts. for export, and 9| a 10\ cts. per gallon for home
I refunding certificates
; cts. per lb.
use. Linseed oil, 59 a 60 cts. for American, and
61 cts. for Calcutta. Lard oil, 48 a 49 cts.;
sperm, 77^ cts., and winter bleached, 95 a 98 cts.;
foot, 60 cts. for No. 1, and 75 cts. per gallon for pr
Seeds. — Clover, 5 J a 6J cts. per pound ; Fiax-i
$1.40 a $1.42 per bu.shel' Timothy $1.35 a $1.4C
bushel.
Flour.— Minnesota extra, $4.50 a $4.70 ; Penna.
Ohio, $5 a $5.25 ; patent and other high grades $
a $8. Rye flour, $2.87* a $3. Corn meal $i
Bran, $13.75 a $14.25 per ton.
Grain.— Amber wheat, $1.16 a $1.17; red, $1.
$1.14 ; white, #1.18. Corn, 40 a 44 cts. 0.its, mi:
oi\ a 34 cts. ; white, 35 a 36 cts.
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 70 a 80 cts.
pounds ; mixed, 55 a 65 cts. ; straw, 80 a 90 cts. per
pounds.
Beef cattle were dull and lower— 2614 head am
and sold at 3} a 5J cts. per lb. Cows, $25 a $45
head. Sheep, 4J a bh cts. per lb. Hogs, 5 a bk
per lb., as to quality.
Foreign.— It was announced in the House of Lc
on the 26th, that the Secretary of State for India, 1
received a telegram from Major Cavagnari, stating t
he had signed the treaty with the Ameer of Afghai
tan. The treaty is .said to bring rich gains to Engia
News from South Africa do not encourage a hop«
a speedy termination of the war. Preparations
being made for a more general invasion of the Z
country. General Wolseley has been appointed 1
preme Military and Civil Commander of Natal, Tra
vaal, and other districts adjoining and included in
seat of war.
The French Government recently paid the last
stalment of its debt of 1, -500,000, 000 francs to the Ba
of France, incurred at the time of the war wi<h G
many.
The sub-committee of the Darien Canal Congress I
presented a report, admitting the possibility of 1
Nicaragua route, with locks, but consider the lc
canal course, proposed by Lieut. Wvse, the best. T
timated cost of the latter is £42,000,000.
The winter just passed is said to have been
the coldest on record in France, in a long time. T
thermometer did not reach an extraordinarily h
figure, but remained at a very small elevation for
unusually long space of time.
The German Empire has 21 universities, with 12
professors, and more than 17,000 students.
The Danube river is reported very high, the wat
being within two feet of the highest point recorded, ai
is still rising. Nearly all the Austrian villages betwe(
Pesth and Bazias, have water in the streets. At Be
grade the river is twenty miles wide.
Russia is said to have the highest death rate of
country that collects mortality statistics. In 1877, tl
rate was from 30 to 50 per thousand. The ravages
diphtheria put it first in the list of diseases; next can
typhoid fever, and next sraall-pox. There are aboi
14,000,000 sectarians in Russia who do not allow va
cination, and hence the large mortality from small po
Of the fourteen Nihilists recently court-martialed :
Kiefl", two have been sentenced to be shot, ten to var
ous terms of penal servitnle, and two released. Amon
them were three women sentenced to fifteen years eacl
Incendiary fires continue in some sections.
The recent vote in Switzerland, it is said, does m
actually revive capital punishment, but leaves eac
canton at liberty to enact it or not.
The British India Steam Navigation Company
teamer Ava, has been sunk by collision with anoth*
vessel. Sixty-six of the crew and four passengers wer
drowned.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
Wanted a teacher for the Girls' School. Applicatioi
may be made to
John W. Biddle, No. 726 Buttonwood i
Ephraim Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebeccii W. Kite, No. 459 North Fifth
Hannah Evans, No. 322 Union St.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frank/ord, (Twenty -third Ward,) Philadelphia.
Physician and Superinteudent—JoHNC. Hall, M.D
Applications for the Admission of Patients may bi
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board i
Managers.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
70L. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SIXTH MONTH 7, 1879.
NO. 43.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ce, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
advance $2.50 ; 10 cent,s extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Sjbacriptioas and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
t so. 116 SORTH FO0BTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
Life and Adventure in Japan.
BY E. WARREN CLARK.
[It is proposed to give some extracts from
is work, in tiie belief that thej' will be found
teresting to the readers of "The Friend."
ae author, as he tells us in his preface, re-
ied four years in that unique country (from
71 to 1875) in the service of the Japanese
overament, as a teacher of science in a
hool in the interior, and subsequently in
okio, the modern capital. He remarks that
s book "is a simple narrative of his eXper
ices and adventures, presented from a Chris-
nstandpoint, and reflecting the novel phases
Japanese life and character, with which h
as daily brought in contact." It was "in
nded primarily for the young," and this will
jcount for the easy and somewhat juvenile
,yle adopted by the author ; but the subjects
•eated of in these extracts are such as to iin
art valuable information to readers of any
especting a land so long secluded from
Lher nationn, and only within the last few
ears inviting foreigners to her shores, and
3ndiug her sons abroad to acquire a know-
jdge of western civilization and the arts and
aiences peculiar to Christian communities.]
FIRST SIGHT OF JAPAN.
At early dawn on Wednesday, October
5lh, I looked out of my state-room window
rom the steamer Great Republic, and lol the
now white dome of Fuji-Yama, the " Match-
388 Mountain" of Japan, rising like a temple
f beauty above the clouds and mist ; and as I
tght ■
;!ier,
.J>nd its face to smile a welcome to us in ou
pproach to the old, old world.
Slowly we steamed up the great bay of
iTedo, passing verdure-covered clitfs, rocky
Dromontories, and small islets clothed in
)righte8t green, while hero and there the
halched-roof cottages of the fishermen were
icattered along the shore.
A slight breeze rippled the surface of the
!7ater, and Japanese junks came scudding by
ander full sail. The junks had low prows and
?ery high sterns, with broad sails sometimes
made of malting or bamboo, and having large
aharacters inscribed on black bands of cloth.
ing the spray from their low prows, and rock-
ing violently in the rollers left in the wake of
the Great liepublic.
Swarms of little skiffs surrounded us, sculled
by nearly naked Japanese, with brawny arms
and brown skins. Dropping into one of these
boats, I made for the shore. Alone I wan-
dered off, and peculiar were my feelings as 1
ded my way among the strange sights
and people.
It is said that the sounds of a place first
attract the stranger's attention, and so it was
here. I heard an unearthly shout or yell, re
peated in quick and regular succession, and
turning down the street I saw a line of rough
wooden carts drawn by strong coolies, who
tugged away like horses and gave these gi
tural yells in keeping step with each other,
Boxes of tea were piled on the carts, and as
I passed by the stone houses on a side street
,aught sight of it the sun rose higher and
liligher, causing the mountain to brighten up.
I could smell the sweet aroma of the tea that
was being "re-fired" within, and hear the
merry prattle in a strange tongue of the tea-
girls as they sang together and stirred the
tea-leaves on the hot copper ovens.
Taking a straight street to the left, I passed
through a portion of the foreign settlement,
which was substantial and comfortable, and
came to a bridge crossing the canal. On as-
cending a steep flight of" steps I reached the
top of " The Bluff," where many English and
Americans live ; from this point a beautiful
view spread before me of the bay, shipping,
city, and the native town of Yokohami
I met many kind friends at the American
Mission Home, a beautiful building on "Th~
Bluff," where Japanese girls are instructed in
Christian truth, and where the first Sunday
school in Japan was established.
After a few days the Japanese officials
arrived at Yokohama who were appointed to
onduct mo to their distant province in the
interior of the country.
I had engaged to go to the city of Shidz-
u-o ka, one hundred miles south-west of Tokio,
to take charge of a scientific school there, and
teach the Japanese in chemistry, physics, and
other branches of study. I was to be liberally
paid by the Japanese Government, who were
also to furnish my horses, guards, interpreters,
philosophical apparatus, attendants, and give
me a large temple in which to live. Thirteen
long articles, written in Chinese, Japanese,
and English, forming three imposing-looking
books, constituted tlie "contract" or agree
ment made between us for the space of three
years.
But when I came to sign the agreement, I
as the Council
found that the " Dai jo kan'
of State is called — had slyly inserted a clause
forbidding me to teach Christianity, and bind-
ing me to silence on all religious subjects for
awith which the mainsail was ornamented; a space of three years. Many reasons prompt-
. The cargo of the junk was carried amidship, ed me to accept, and some ot my friends urged
with a bamboo roof built over it; and not a me to sign the contract as it was. ihe in-
particle of paint appeared on the whole craft, terpreter said, " Sign the promise ; but when
The junks came quite near the steamer, dash-lyou get away off in the country you can break
t and teach what you please." Others said,
'Sign it, or j'ou will lose $300 a month, and
ill your good chances besides; some mere ad-
venturer may get the position, who will do
the people more harm than you can do them
good."
It was a great dilemma, for I had spent all
my money in coming to Japan and getting
ready to go into the interior, and were the
contract to fail I should find myself in a light
place.
Nevertheless I determined to stand firm on
the principle at stake, and sent word to the
government that unless the objectionable
clause was withdrawn, the contract could not
be accepted. " It is impossible," I added, "for
a Christian to dwell three years in the midst
of a pagan people, and yet keep entire silence
on the subject nearest his heart."
To my surprise an answer was returned
after three days, saying that the clause against
Christianity should be stricken out; and the
messenger who brought me the news ex-
claimed, "You have conquered, and have
broken down a strong Japanese wall. Now
you can also teach us the Bible and Chris-
tianity!"
1 mention this to show that.it pays to hold
fast to the right, at whatever apparent cost ;
for, instead of thinking loss of me, or being
vexed at my obstinacy, the Japanese officials
were more friendly than ever.
They immediately advanced all the neces-
sary funds to meet the heavy expenses in-
curred, and were so liberal and polite as to
e.xcite my gratitude and astonishment. Under
their kindly assistance I was soon ready to
start on tho long journey.
But never before had I so many things to
think of at once. Not only had I the care of
perfecting my official arrangements, but I had
all the minute details of " first going to house-
keeping" beyond tho range of civilization.
Imagine j'ourself preparing to keep house
where a real house was never known I Imagine
yourself endeavoring to furnish said house
where furniture was never heard of; where
bedsteads and beds and carpets and stoves
were never seen ; where mirrors and windows
and chimneys and coal had not even been
dreamed of Imagine yourself going to live a
certain numberof years in said house and place.
The probability is you would want something
to eat during your sojourn ; but there beef-
steaks and mutton-chops are unknown, a loaf
of bread is a myth, and milk, butter, and
cheese are fairy tales.
Perhaps now and then you would like to
know the time of day. But no town-clock
ever strikes to inform you, no chronometer
exists by which to set your watch when it
stops, no almanac to tell the day of the week
or month when you have forgotten them. In
fact I frequently did forget the day of the
week, and once kept the scientific school wait-
ing several hours for me, supposing it was
Sunday ! After that I thought of cutting
338
THE FRIEND.
notches in a slick every day, after Robinson
Crusoe's fashion ; and wheo my watch stopped
I would set it by a sun dial, which I made
with two sticks, a compass, and a string.
Na ka-mu-ra was the name of one of the
officers sent from the province where I was
going; and although ho was the most noted
scholar of Chinese literature in Japan, he was
as simple as a child, and quite amusing in his
use of broken English. He called at the
Jlission Homo to see me one day, while 1 was
off making some purchases, and, as ho awaited
mj' return, the children of the. Home volun-
teered to entertain him. "They take out
several cards," he wrote, "singing the songs
which are written on them" (Sunday-school
hj'rans), "then passing the bihiical pictures,
very fine, to me, they said, ' While j'ou look
at them — Clark will soon be returned.' The
girls again merrily explained them to me,
saj'ing, 'This is John the Baptist,' 'This is
dove,' ' This is Jesus,' ' This is Abraham sac-
rificing his son,' and the like. During one
hour I feel myself to get some advantage from
the surrounding children."
Not long after this Nakaniura boldly pre-
sented a memorial to the imperial government
suggesting that they build a Christian church
in Tokio! in order that J:ipanese subjects
might have an opportunity of being instructed
in the truth. Of course the government did
not quite see it in that light. JMakamura was
appointed to go abroad with the Japanese
embassy then starting for America, but he
declined, saying that he had once lived in a
Christian country — England — without learn-
ing Christianity, and now he wished to retire
to his own province and study religious sub-
jects with his new foreign teacher. He was
subsequently my warmest friend and most
intimate companion ; he became a devout
Christian under the instruction of my Bible-
class, and frequently would sign himself,
" Your most humble servant, and to be your
future and forever friend in the spiritual
world."
You can scarcely imagine the impressions
of one fresh from a Christian land at the first
view of the heathenism of which he had heard
but never seen. [On the First-day of the
week] the sounds of labor are heard in every
direction, and sin and corruption abound in
their worst forms. 1 hoar over and anon the
deep, prolonged sound of the great bell of the
heathen temple, as it strikes to announce that
another soul has entered to bow down to the
idol. I hear fire crackers in an adjacent Chi-
nese burjing ground, whore worship is going
on to the spirits of the dead. As I visited the
temples of Ycdo the other day, and saw the
hundreds of human beings prostrated before
their images and calling upon their gods, it
did seem to mo the most pitiable sight I ever
witnessed ; and as I moved among the mil-
lions in the great capital of Japan who never
heard of the name of Christ, it seemed too
solemn to bo true. Possibly I may become
so accustomed to heathenism and its accom-
paniments as not to feel their painful roalit}',
but 1 trust I ma}' never lose the earnest de-
sire to turn these poor deluded souls from
their errors."
On the following Mondaj' the horses and
guards appeared at the door, and as my furni-
ture and freight hail boon sent by sea on a
Jaiianese junk, I bade farewell to all my new-
made friends at Yokohama, and started off
■vvilli the guards to encounter the strange ex-
periences and advenlui
of Japan.
of life in the heart
For " The Friend."
A Few Tliougiits.
Will the keeping of every jot and tittle of
the outward appearance and practices of
Friends, with an intellectual apprehension of
their principles, however correct, while we
have failed to submit ourselves in some good
degree to the baptizing power of the Holy
Spirit, make us truly Friends?
Were the practice of reading the Bible in
our meetings for worship to be generally
adopted; if singing in them should come to
be considered a regular part of tho perform-
ance; if we should reach through the length
and breadth of our Society a "close approxi-
mation" not only to a paid ministry, but also
to a college-bred one ; if the ancient living
and powerful ministry that was under the
immediate puttings forth of tho Holy Spirit,
both as to matter and time, should be com-
pletely exchanged for the extempore lecture
and First-day school talk; if we should uni-
versally cast off every distinguishing feature
of Friends in our dress and address; should a
time come when there was nothing to dis-
tinguish us from professing Christians around
us in our religious practices, or from the non-
professing world in our appearance; — shall
we then have any just claim to be considered
as truly Friends ?
A dear and valued friend whose opportuni-
ties to observe have been large, writes: "I
have not been disposed to question that there
has been a wide spread I'evival of fresh in-
terest and life. Much of tho truth of the
gospel has been taught with increased defin-
iteness, and merely traditional foundations
have boon thoroughly shaken. But how ready
has the enemy been to infuse error wherever
possible, and conceit and insubordination and
disorganization. Liberty has been proclaimed
and taken on tho one hand, and tolerated on
the other to the verge of anarchy. In the
midst of innovations and changes approach-
ing revolution, there has been little to be
done by many but to suffer. But as tenden-|It has frequently, during the past week, be<
cies become fully developed, and the great "" ^••■^"*^^'-"" ''^''' — "*' """ ' -^ +''"^ "
movement in the direction of change mani-
fests its true character, it seems to me there
must inevitably come a limit and reaction or
a crisis. When doctrines and practices are
taught and urged radically at variance with
Quakerism, there will be some, I hope there
will be many, who cannot endorse and sustain
them. Those will not be the aggressors. The
simple withholding of approval cannot be
truly called opposition nor persecution. It
seems to me the time is near when Friends
must separate themselves, not from the body
but from the things that destroy it."
For years have I pondered the condition of
our Society, invariably coming to tho same
conclusion : that our ancient principles must
be held fully and honestly in the Life and
Power that the founders of our Society felt to
accompany them, by all that truly represent
the Society of Friends. Is not this the only
impregnable ground, and though it be swept
with a storm of arguments, must not all who
deeply and honestly love tho principles and
testimonies of tho Society of Friends, some-
time rally and stand upon it in solid phalanx
together? In order to this, must there not
be a deep bowing of individual hearts under
tho power of the Holy Spirit, that IL
become their purifier, their actual teacl,.,
and guide, day by day, into all truth ? ,
West Falmouth, Masa., 4th mo. 20lh, 1879. ;
" For Tbe Frieod'
Some Extracts from the Diary and Letters of Ebaue:{
Worth. !
(Continued from page S30.)
1845. 8th mo. 20th. Attended the funei
of John Blacksnake, son of Owen and A^
Blacksnake, (one of the scholars of Cc
Spring), it was conducted in a sober and i
derly manner. The parents and relatio
appeared to feel their loss keenly, but wei
[ trust, in a decree resigned to tbe will of t
Lord. I understood his mother, when s
went to take her last look at the corpse, spo
as f jIIows: " My dear little boy, thou hast h
this world, yet I continue to love thoe ; I ha
bren thinking in ray heart and have ask
the Lord to help thee and make thee well,
cannot help thy dying, for the Lord has proi
ised that we must all die and leave this worl
It is now better for me to try to be good, th
I may moot thee in Heaven, for I should li
to meet thee there." I was present at t
lime, but did not understand the langua^
I understood from the interpreter, that thin
ng in her heart meant prayer. I suppo
secret prayer.
31st. May the Lord in his mercy be wi
us, for his life-giving presence can alone a
minister consolation in all our trials, and
times when we are favored to partake large
of it, makes up more than we are called up'
to sacrifice in serving our Divine Mast(
What an inexpressible favor it is to cor
under His blessed wing; to bo near Him who
wo love, and in whom we trust ; who has in 1
infinite mercy granted us the privilege of a
dressing Him in that endearing language
Our Father who art in Heaven." Oh I it
comforting beyond the power of language
describe to the soul that is bowed under
sense of its own unworthiness, and at t
same time favored to feel a living sense of t!
loving kindness and goodness of our Heaven
Father and his dear Son, our blessed Savioi
THE FRIEND.
339
I that is far superior to all the riches and
lors of the world. There have been within
iw weeks six cases of small-pox and two
ths; raaj' these serve as a warning
to those
enjoyed mv visit in a good degree, but think
I suffered loss for the want of not keeping my
enough single to Him who alone can
0 are left, myself included. Such has been
weakness thut I fet^r i have indulged too
eb (of late) in looking toward home. When
ored with help and strength from my Di-
et Master, I have desired to be preserved
,be place that would be most pleasing unto
Ti, attending to the services which He may
ui're; for Ha is infinitely worthy to be
ved i'n all things : He is aVich rewarder ot
those who serve Him. I am unworthy of
ise feelings— they are of his unmerited
rcy. Oh! may they continue, and may
ire be more fruit unto this dear Master. I
1 sensible that I have been much favored
i helped in getting along with the Indian
icern ; may his blessing attend the work ;
) praise is due to Him alone.
[ think I feel in a degree thankful I have
; the teacher I have for the school at Great
,lley or Horse Shoe ; his living in the school-
ase and boarding himself, has afforded me
luiot and comfortable stopping place when
that part of the reservation. I have en-
red the accommodations with a good degree
secret satisfaction. The natives do not
pear properly to value an education, which
partly the reason they do not send their
ildren to school more regularly. The last
nc the school was started while I was there,
felt a desire to sit in silence with the chil-
en (for a time)— the teacher was present
direct us aright, and
form.
(To be c:
us ability to per
Qtinued.)
.de. He describes the agony of mind which
they produced, as he dwelt upon the painful
question of how many of the members of their
household group would be likely to be among
the elect. As he himself, like so many other
men of genius, was somewhat dull as a boy,
he concluded that it was not likely that he
would be one. He describes going out alone
and coming to a place where a river was dash-
ing far below him among sharp rocks, and
questioning whether, if he were sure of anni-
hilation, it would not be wise to make the
plunge.
Ho says, in his book, "As I grew up to be
a man, I found that Milton had made a deeper
impression upon the minds of Christian peo-
ple than Moses himself 1 could see, or thought
1 saw, that all the preachers I heard, and the
religious writers 1 read, took their ideas about
(in<^ the Creation, and the Fall more from
us- God, the Creation, and
Elihu Burrltt,
The announcement of the death of Elihu
Burritt has stirred up affectionate regret in
many hearts on this side of the Atlantic.
Lively recollections have been awakened of a
pcriol of earnest labor and hope in the cause
of peace and human brotherhood, of which
Elihu Burritt was the presiding and inspiring
enius.
His mental capacity and marvellous lingu
istic powers might have led hina to a life of
seclu-ion and study, bat a higher inspiration
tookholdof him.and he gavehiniself toillus- ,-^p^;^T ^^^^, ^,^„ ^, ^id from the B .ok
truths of the universal Fatherhood of God
and brotherhood of man. He also preached
and illustrated through his whole life what
we may perhaps call the gospel of labor, and
carried to perfection the ideal of " high think-
ing and plain living," which the poet mourns
ovlsr as almost lost^in our degenerate days.
It is probably known to most of Elihu
Burritt's friends that during the later years
of his life his outward circumstances wer
more prosperous than in earlier life, through
an increase in the value of some land which
he possessed ; and, as might beexpected, this
to preachers and other learned men :— " Can
you open the Bible and read the first chapters
of Genesis without your mind's reading ten
lines of Milton to one of Moses? Now i say
it in humble but earnest belief: if you cannot
do this, I can. There is where a man of
simple, straightforward common-sense has the
advantage over your learning. The wayfar-
in" man, though a fool to your wisdom, may
write his honest heart— read out plain mean-
ings of Bible words which you are too learned
to receive."
He then shows how Christ brought lite and
immortality to light :— '• Christ made the life
thinki felt in'a good degree clothed withjchieay ^howeJ'tself in efforts for ^Je f^.°[ •^--rthe grave a vivid, unclouded reality,
-nd those around him. In 1874^hej^nte^s^^^^ ^ ^^3^ ^^^^^^ ^8^ ^^^_^^^^^
those around him
can hardly realise that I
hear myself called— an old man. It ofien
startles me to hear the term applied to my-
self. Though my health has been precarious
for 'several years, I have been very active in
all sorts of mental and manual occupation. 1
have been writing a good many books, and
am surprised to find that they number over
0 spirit of secret supplication, and my
ttled upon Him who has been my comfort
id strength : sweet and encouraging is the
imembralice of these favors.
1817. 1st mo. 16th. Received a letter
Vint' an account of my brother Paschall
sinc'^very unwell, and requesting me to come
omo. The news did not alarm or distress
e as much as I might have expected from
le weakness I have felt under , . .
other times. I esteem it a great favor, : beginning. , - . „„.t „f 4^0
" t. The 1870, I wrote a semi-theological work ot 4aU
lar trials 1 30, countin
a
hich I hope I may not soon forge
n all sizes and titles from the
On my return from America
lousht of "leaving "this place without first : pages, in an assumed style,^
Iselin" liberty so to do, I felt to be a serious 1 name, which
iatte'r I think I endeavored to feel after contains my
(berty'and thought I felt it in some degree, I on the most vital po
th an assumed
was published in London,* It
I endeavored to feel after 'contains my deepest thoughts for thirty years
t vital points of Christian faith, i
ssed the school and went j have compiled grammars and reading and
Sanskrit, Hindustani,
rkish, which are now ready
the
same year, after a severe
" I am almost busier than
Lfter this I disniisseu tuo c^i..^^. ....- -i . .
ome where I tried the subject again, and, parsing exercises in
houi-^ht I mio-ht return to Chester county asl Persian, and i
oon°as I could, for which I trust I felt inlfor the pres
leasure thankful. I then turned my atten- Later on
;r^„ tn n-Pt reidv to leave, and started the illness, he writes . - -- , •, , • i
e xt morning abo^u 2 o'clock, Wm, Black- ! ever with my pen, not only on my philologica
nale an T^dfan boy, took me to Collins', books, but for the press and '^'i'^^PX^nJn
Phr^l.i.hin" was crood, and we got along:am also instructing a class of halfa-dozen
veil -buf-eiin't? Buffalo that^ight ap"- young ladies in Sanskrit, They come every
^ea ed fbr .?t me°discouraging, I thought it Saturday evening, and are -^i^'-^S r^^JJ^^J
i<rht to Dersevere and after trying some time i progress in a language which but f'JW dis
f^^Vmuch'Ivored in meeting with an op-':rin|uished savants have S'-^PP^^^^^f Lot
;n^tMnUr^nd cot within ei"ht miles of Buf-,feel quite proud of having the largest, it not
;To hi ^i' htirUched the'e in time for the the only clL of ladies in the study to be found
..r« next mornincr I think I was much in Europe or any other country.'
IvoredTn ^tt ng dong where there appeared 1 The Back Pew Man, who I suppose in the
fowavPtrst-day evening got to Syracuse; main means Elihu himself, was brought up
MLn; to Albany Third-day to New in a strongly Calvinistic community. The
?orl £thdfyS;,orr^^^ and Reprobation were
York, lourtnaay n.„_ _, ^^^^^ home. 'preached in all their native repulsiveness from
ongly Calvinistic community. The
th-day doctrine
morni'ng,"about"one o'clock, reached home. preache_ p„<,Und church
r ot Hmpq felt surnrised, on my way home, the pulpit of a New England cnurcn
hat S not feel more ^ast down in spirit he as a boy attended with his parents and he
on Lcount of my brother's sickness; I hopejoften heard them discoursed on by the fire-
it was the power of Him who was restoring ^ ^ ,p
brother to health, that supported mo. II * A Voice from the Back Pew..
always everywhere, and in every thought,
word and act. He showed how sinful man
could alone be fitted (for this life), that the
holy breath or spirit of God must breathe into
him a new and divine life, some of God's own
nature, that shall transform or regenerate
human nature, and make it like the angels
heart and mind, and fit it to enjoy their com-
munion—to share their thoughts, their joy
and sonship, and to find the same heaven as
theirs in the presence and love of God. I his,
then, is the great mission and work of Jesus
Christ- not only to reveal, but to impart to
sinful men a new and eternal life, an im-
mortality that death shall not interrupt; to
breathe into their nostrils His own, to assimi-
late them to His, that their spiritual life may
be hidden in His, living and breathing in it
here on earth, and with Him in heaven.
Ho dwells much on the continuity ot in-
spiration, and appeals to '^ Christians who re-
member the experiences of religious revivals
to say if they can conscientiously, that they
do not really and fully believe in this con-
tinuity of inspiration ; in the continuity ot
Christ's presence and power amongst men;
in the continuity of His abode with him who
keeps his words according to his promise; in
the continuity of his Almighty Immanuelship
in and with the ministers and missionaries of
his gospel unto the end of the world, and
unto the end of t\mo."— Condensed from The
British Friend.
t [These remarks are evidently meant to aPP'r '»
those trained in theological schooU-tliey do n° .^PP'J
to those who depend for their knowledge of spiritual
things on the teachings of the Spirit of Christ.J
Use temporal things but desire eternal.
340
THE FRIEND.
Eleventh wo. 9th, 1788. — SoQie things in my
conduct are now likely to be exposed to those
wh') are already prejudiced against me ; being
for a .-^hon lime dismayed at the unpleasant
prospect, th^ se words were with power brought
to my reraemberance, viz : but "I say unto
j-ou, my friends, be not afraid of them that
kill the body, and after that have no more
that they can do; but I will forewarn you
whom you shall fear: fear Him, which, after
he hath killed, hath power to cast into hell;
yea, I say unto 3'ou, fear Him." We ought
indeed to walk as becomes the gospel, and to
"show out of a good conversation our works
with meekness and wisdom;" but the appro-
bation of our fellow-men, their praise or their
censure, is lighter than chaff, when placed in
the balance with those mercies, forgivenesses,
and righteousnesses, which are in Christ
Jesus. — Samuel Scott.
Bum and Trade Depression. — lu the coarse
of a recent meeting in England to consider
the causes of the depression of trade a paper
was read by Hoyle, which embodied some
very surprising figures if the data upon which
they rest are trustworthy. Hoyle said that
the money expended in Great Britain for
intoxicating drink in the past four years
amounted to £57J,000,000 ($2,778,160,000), or
£143,000,000 ($692,120,000) per annum. In
1830 there were only 50,000 public houses in
England and Wales, and no beer shops or
wine shops. In 1876 there were 135,000
places where intoxicating drink was sold. H(
concluded by saying that while the ware
houses of merchants and manufacturers were
full of stocks, the backs of the people were
bare and their homes scantily furnished. "The
reason was that the money which should go
into the till of the grocer, the tailor, the
draper, &c., went into the till of the publi
can." — Late Paper.
Hard Fare in College. — In Scotland, a col
lege education is highly esteemed, and the
number of graduates, in proportion to the
population, is larger than in any other coun
try of Europe, or than in the United States.
But the majority of students practise a more
rigid economy than is known in our country,
and many spend less in their entire course
than the aveiage expenses of a single year in
American colleges. Dr. Guthrie, in his auto-
biography, tells several touching anecdotes
of the hardships cheerfully endured by some
of his fellow-students.
A stout country lad came to the University
of Edinburg, bringing with him a large chest.
For three months he took no meal at any
hotel or restaurant, and asked nothing from
his landlady except hot water. It turned out
that his chest was filled with oatmeal, brought
from his country home, and he himself cooked
it with the hot water received from the land-
lady, adding as a relish a little butter and salt.
A student who is willing to submit to such
privations, in order to obtain an education, is
likely to make the most of his opportunities
at college. — Late Paper.
What can we wish that is not found in God?
Would we have large possessions? He is im-
mensity. Would wo have long continuance ?
He is eternity itself Would we be perfectly
and for ever satisfied ? Wo shall be, when wo
awako in his Vikoncss.—Arrowsmith.
WHO MADE THE FLOWERS ?
Mother, who made the pretty flowers
Tliat blossom everywhere ?
The daisies, and forget-me-nots,
And violets so fair?
Who made the golden buttercups.
That in the meadows grow,
The bright-eyed little innocence,
And lilies white as snow ?
Who made the wild red columbines,
And till'd each tiny cnp
With honey, which the little bees
So daintily sip up ?
Who made the fragrant clover fields,
Tliat drink the summer showers ?
It must have taken v^ry long
To make so many flowers.
Mother, who keeps the flowers alive,
And clothes them every day?
Who watches over them by niglit.
To keep all harm away ?
'Twas God, my child, who form'd the flowers
So exquisitely fair.
And they, with all his hands have made,
His kind protection share.
He form'd each leaf and opening bud
With skill so nice and true,
And gave to some a golden tint,
To some a violet hue.
God shields the tender flowers by night.
And cares for them by day ;
He giveth to each different plant
Its beautiful array.
He sends the soft refreshing rain.
The gentle summer showers.
And light, and air, and falling dew
He giveth to the flowers.
'Tis the same God who form'd the flowers
Makes my sweet child his care;
Then seek lo raise thine infant heart
To him in grateful prayer.
[These lines were selected and copied in
memoriam of M. J. L., who died 5th mo. I7th,
1879, after a lingering illness.]
LIGHT IN THE VALLEY.
"Though I walk through the valley and shadow of
death, I will fear no evil." — Ps. xxiii. 4.
The struggle is ended, her spirit has fled !
The one we have cherished so fondly, is dead : —
And now, from the verge of the valley of gloom.
We bear her loved relic away to the tomb.
The valley of gloom, whence there comes not a sound
The valley of mystery, dread and profound ;
The valley earlh's millions for ages have trod ;
The valley which leads to the presence of God.
And here we have parted, in sorrow and tears : —
From the fathomless void not a token appears !
And yet, through these shadows that limit our sight.
We know she has passed to. transcendent delight.
Through sickness and death, to the land of the blest,
Where labor is o'er, and the weary find rest ;
Where our pilgrimage ends, and a welcome awaits
The children of God at the heavenly gates.
No pain shall be there, neither sorrow nor tears,
Nor the shadow of death cloud the glorified vears ;
While the trials of time, in sweet harmony blend
With a blissful reunion, which never shall end.
Our Father, we bow, in submission, to Thee;
" give us Thy light, through our darkness to see : —
The light that first streamed through the valley of
gloom.
When our blessed Redeemer arose from the tomb.
Francis DeHae$ Janvier.
acter the more spcedilj' does it recov
even lustre.
Indian Graves in Chester County, Pennt
vauia. — In the year 1824 there appeared
the Village Record at, West Chester a ser
of articles by Joseph J. Lewis, in one of whi
the following paragraph appeared. •'Th(
is a place near the Brandywine, on the fai
of Mr. Marshall, where there are yni a nu
ber of Indian graves that the owner of t
ground has never suffered to be violated. 0
of them, probably a chief's, is particularly d
tinguished by a head and foot stone."
Having recently obtained permission
the present owner, some of the members
the Philosophical Society of West Chesi
proceeded to investigate these graves. T
burial ground is situa'ted in a group of hicko
and oak trees on a prominent knoll sot
three hundred yards to the north of the W(
branch of the Brandywine or Minquas Cret
formerly known to the Indians as the Sas}
cough. "The Indians upon the Brandy wi
had a reserved right (as said James Logi
In his letter of 1731), to retain themselves
mile in breadth on both sides of one of I
branches of it, up to its source."
The exploring parly found traces of
least thirty graves, indicated by shallow c
pressions, but originally there was a mu-
larger number, as the plough has been grad
ally encroaching upon the cemetery.
Four of these burial places were opene
In the first grave at the depth of three fe
was found a skeleton stretched at full lengl
on the back, from East to West. Ai
the neck were nineteen spherical, opaqu
milky-white, Venetian beads, each about, t
inch in diameter. These glass beads
similar to some found in Worthumberlar
County and other portions of the State, ar
had undoubtedly been supplied to the Indiai
by the early settlers.
In another grave, besides a large numb'
of beads, were found three objects of abori^
nal workmanship, consisting of two fir '
chipped gun-Jlints, and a highly polished
elliptical stone of a dark color, three inchi'
in length. A quantity of red clayey
stance resembling paintoecurred in this gi
which in all probability had been employe
by the Indians in personal decorations. CI06
to the right hand of the body were four
two European white elaj'-pipes of a patter
employed during the seventeenth century
on the bowls the maker's stamp (R T) wa
impressed. Around the skeleton were four
thirteen wrought-iron nails much corrodec
with fragments of decayed wood adherii^
them. The body had evidently been enclose
in a wooden box.
Indian Hannah, the last of this branch 0
the Lenni Lenape, died in the neighborhooc
at the Chester County Almshouse, in the yeai
The discoveries in these graves go to prov
hat the inmates wore among the last of thai
tribe who lingered on the banks of thei
dearly-loved stream, ere the remnants of thei
people gathered themselves together and sad
ly wended their way westvvard. They hai
adopted to a considerable extent, both
their manner of living and the disposal 0!
iiantlylthoir dead, the customs of the whites. Th i
brightjlocal legends and memories of the oldest ini
age o'
If a piece of polished steel is breathed upon,
'ts lustre is dimmed ; but it almost
recovers its brightness. So many
character is dimmed for a time by the breath j habitants ascribe to these grave., ....
of scandal ; but the more genuine the char- about a century and a half. — Am. Nat.
THE FBIEND.
341
■The Friend.'
Lctlfrs of Jam?s Eiiilen,
(Continued from page 331.)
11th mo. 19th, 1853. The affecting tiding?
received while I was with you, I trust h
de a salutary impression upon us all, of the
,at uncertainty of all thiui^s here below.
ar Susan, taken in the prime of life, and
the midst of usefulness. — that we might
,8onably say, ' how can she be spared from
I church, and from the particular sphere in
ich she is so acceptably employed?' But
w often is it so ! and my hope is that the
pression it must have made will be remem
•ed and cherished so as to incite others to
low her steps. When she first came to
fSttown as teacher, at the early age of 18
) seemed to be as much impressed with
( religious weight of her engagement, as
mio-ht expect in one of considerable age
1 experience. If dear Margaret has been
•nished with any particulars of her sickness
i close, it would be very grateful to her
est Chester friends to have them. My love
d sympathy were drawn towards her on
B occasion, and as I had no opportunity of
inifesting it, thou may please tell her so as
portunity presents."
'' 5th mo. 20th, 1854. * * * The meet-
s' was a very precious one to me, as well
fore as during and after vocal expression
je expression,' Christ the power of God an
e wisdom of God,' seemed to present early
the meeting, and furnished a sweet repast,
I believe, from the original fountain. It
ipeared very clear that Divine wisdom was
3tinguished from mere human wisdom, by
i me'ekness, lowliness— as 'with the lowly
wisdom'— and that all who have this power
id this wisdom, have Christ and know
drist. May this heavenly wisdom bo thine,
id this power, and mayest thou feed upon
lem in true meekness and lowliness, as the
•ead that gives life and sustains life."
"7th mo. 10th, 1855. Thy short letter re
jjyyd at , did me good — thought I could
lel from whence it came. Those little con-
•ibutions to the weary and hungry traveller,
ispensed in due season, are as brooks by the
'ay ; and dost thou not think that this lively
ope' this word of promise which thou re-
ived, is that ' word of prophecy whereunto
re do well to take heed until the day dawn,'
;e. about which so much has been written of
ate years, some saying it is the scriptures,
ut George Fox and early Friends alleging
t is the 'word nigh in the heart,' the 'word
if Faith;' and aUhough it does, no doubt
iften. clothe itself in scripture language, as a
lonfirmation to the believing mind, yet it
vould be unsafe to say or to admit, that the
cripture is that very word itself. This ' word
»f prophecy,' or gift of faith and hope, is that
vhich enables us to abide patiently in the
ylace of waiting, 'until the Lord come' and
satisfy the longing soul. To be without some
'eelino- of divine good, either in hope or re
ility, must ever be the greatest grief that can
issaii the child of the kingdom; but how
much of his time and his labor is spent in
bope ! May we judge of it by the husbandman,
who ploweth in hope, and soweth in hope,
and waiteth in hope until the harvest come.
This place of waiting is a very precious prace
as well as state,\nd I greatly desire that we
may duly appreciate it, and by our example
endeavor to draw others to it.
I expect thy sister has given thee some
account of our visit at P . I thought I felt
at least a liberty to go, and quite an inclina-
tion to do so, and as to the outward I know
not how it could have been much better ; and
our meeting, also, I thought was a good one,
but somehow I waded under feelings of much
distress during most of the time. * * *
There is certainly great cause for sorrow that
meetings once so favored, should remain in
such a weak, reduced condition. * * * *
Friends appear to be greatly blessed in tem-
poral blessing-i, but alas! the 'springs of
water,' how are they dried up!"
Dr. Richardson on Alcohol.
Among the many recent converts to total
abstinence none are more important, and none
are exerting a wider influence, than Dr.
Richardson. Standing, as he does, in the fore-
front of the medical profession, his opinions
and testimony are of immense value.
His conversion to temperance views is most
remarkable He has not been influenced by
moral, social, or religious considerations, but
solely by those that are scientific. Till with-
in the last ten years, he tells us, he had paid
little attention to the temperance question
regarding it merely as one amongst the many
philanthropic attempts to grapple with our
national intemperance, an attempt in which
the generous and godly sacrifice themselves
for the sake of the vicious and drunken.
At the British Association of 1863-4, he
gave the results of a long series of experiments
the nature and action of anesthetics. So
much interest was excited by his paper that
he was requested by the Association to take
up the whole series of substances of that class,
and to give at another meeting the results of
his experiments and examinations. He con-
sented, and this led him, while not an ab
stainer, to study the physiological action of
alcohol. .
He very soon discovered that the action ot
alcohol was the same in its character as was
the case with the chemical substances and
narcotic agents that had previously come be-
fore him. There were four distinct stages of
action in the effect of alcohol on the body.
The first stage was one of some little excite-
ment, during which the body of the person or
animal subjected became a little flushed, and
the temperature of its surface a little raised.
In the second the excitement and flushing
part. For experimental purposes, however,
he thought it necessary to abstain. A new
light then dawned upon him. He found that
he slept better, that his power over work in-
creased, and that his appetite and digestion
were improved. He began to think that those
sympathetic speakers — teetotalers — were
right, and that it would be best for him to
abstain. But there was a social difliculty in
the way, and a great diffioulty it proved. His
mind, however, after a few years, was made
up, and he determined, as there was no use in
the agent, and as under its influence some
phyt-ical degeneration must take place in his
organism, that he would join the band of total
abstainers. Having taken this position, he
was not long in making it known. His pen
and voice have been most energetically em-
ployed, and the value of bis services has been
immense. The whole medical world owns
his power and is diligently examining his
positions ; while, backed by his authority, the
advocates of temperance feel that in urging
men to abstain they can appeal to their selfish-
ness as well as to their philanthropy, and can
show them that in blessing others they them-
selves will bo blessed.— r/ie( London) Me(/iod«s(
Temperance Magazine.
The Monotony of life.
The most enthusiastic and the most stolid
temperaments are alike subject to an occa-
sional strong feeling that the monotony of
life, the doing of the same things over and
over again, is a burden scarcely to be borne.
The more the mind dwells upon this mono-
tony, the less fitted it becomes to consider it
to advantage. Behind and before stretch the
days and years, in seemingly endless pro-
gression ; and at length the tired soul is ready
to give up in despair, and think, in a vague
way, only of some long oblivious rest under
the green grass at the foot of the hill.
This surely is not a Christian frame of
mind. Despair is called by the Catholics one
of the six sins against the Holy Ghost, and
certainly any thoughtful Protestant will be
equally emphatic in banishing it from the
neighborhood of the spiritual graces. "I
know all that," exclaims the weary toiler,
"but I am so tired; and the end seems all
the while farther and farther away." The
doctor seeks to cure maladies that exactly
reproduce themselves in generation after gen-
were a little increased, while the temperature] oration ; the lawyer sees the soti pursuing
were a iiiuic , the phantom of justice that eluded the father ;
the teacher seeks to stay each hurrying pro-
cession of children long enough to offer it the
same little store of knowledge ; the journalist
writes his endless petty news item, or spends
his best thought on an editorial to bo for-
gotten in an hour; the business man buys
and sells only to buy and sell again, thankful
if he win his living year by year ; the farmer
sows, and reaps, and tills the familiar soil
until' he sleeps beneath it ; the weary woman,
with more exacting labors and fewer conso-
lations than all the rest, goes strutrgling on,
caring for the ceaseless wants of her home,
and trying to pay some attention to mind
and soul, in a world where great hungry bodies
seem striving to monopolize everything. Such
is the picture that presents itself to the corn-
plainer, and which even the stoutest heart
was a little more raised, but it soon began to
foil. Then followed a third stage, in which
these symptoms or phenomena changed some-
what, the whole of the muscular and nervous
syrJtem becoming unsteady, whilst the ther-
mometer showed the temperature of the body
to be lower. The fourth stage was when the
whole body was lying prostrate, insensible,
the muscular system entirely destroyed as to
function, the nervous .system as to direction,
whilst the temperature was three or four de-
grees lower.
One other observation of telling moment
was with respect to the action of the heart.
In the first stage there was quickened action ;
in the second stage, still quicker action, fol-
lowed by reduced action; in the third and
this reduction of the action w
fourth I
continued until at last it was brought down, . , ■ u
at the termination of the fourth degree or cannot always banisb.
sta-e, to an extremely low point indeed. The first point to be coum
The whole of his researches were conducted ence to life's raonotonousness, is that, so far
in 1869, without any change of li^" " u:J„. ;. ^„.a ...11. e^.st. we canm
ith refer-
lauciea euec Lu ma s> .^^^..^ , -- .
on his 'as it does really exist, we cannot avoid it. it
342
THE FRIEND.
is inevitable, and it is the work of tlri good
God wlio made and orders everyLhing. Bit
our reception of it, our endtiranuc of its laws,
are tbings wliich are our own doings, not
God's. If wo look sharply enough, wo shall
see that every moment of time is a thing
with which in itself we have absolutely noth-
ing to do, but with the employment of which
we have a great deal to do. Grumbling,
therefore, does no good and much mischief,
even from the materialistic standpoint.
But the calm, philosophic mind, and much
more the Christian soul, may easily see that
monotony and change are combined, in this
world of ours, in an exquisite and superhuman
fashion. If a more stringent reign of natural
law would be unendurable, any less universal
sway would be the merest anarchy. If life
were but a kaleidoscopic picture, its sum total
would really be indistinguishable from death
itself. The very conditions of existence and
growth, in all the physical, mental, and spirit-
ual states of which we know anything, are
conditioned upon some sort of stability and
endurance. Upon this firm basis of immuta-
bility and iteration is placed a superstructure
of ever-changing beauty. Se^isons and sur-
roundings are, in a sense, always new, and
each moment is something never enjoyed
before, and never to be utilized again. Just
here, in the conquering of the individual
moment, lies the unfailing remedy against
any suffering on the score of life's monotony.
God holds us responsible for no more than a
single instant at a time. Noio is the thing
he demands: not yesterday or tomorrow,
but always now. The acce])ted time is now.
If we do just what God asks us to do, whether
it be to accept Him first or to serve Him after-
wards, we cannot help being happy. If we
do not, nothing can give us joy. "What shall
I do now?" asks the child of his mother.
"What shall I do now?" is the question for
the child of God to ask of his Maker. If he
asks it, learns it, does it, he will never be
worried about the monotony of life.
And so minutes and days and years bring
the changes soon enough, and growth ap-
pears full quickly. House, home, family,
friends, pass away, and even one's own per-
sonality gradually becomes a new thing. Con-
stant change is what comes of all the slow,
unvarying minutes; and looking back through
the years, one sees the unlookedforalterations
in character and surroundings that have come
while monotony seemed still to nod in the
same old chair. Ho who improves the time
in contentment and godly fear, grows imper-
ceptibly into a sweet life of trust atid strength
and joy; he who does nothing now because
he did tho same thing yesterday, finds each
new demand harder to meet, until at length
the very shadow crushes him who once, it
may be, took up the substance with a manly
heart. God's work, done for God's sake, is
never monotonous, whether its changes como
faster slow ; work done without God is never
anything but monotonous. Though it gain
the whole worl I meanwhile, its beginning,
and its middle, and its end, aro dust and
ashes.— ,S. S. Times.
Natural History, SrJcncp, &c.
Nutmeg Growing at Singapore.— Ahont 1837
an impetus was given to nutmeg-cultivation
in Singapore with results so promising that
everything gave way to the mania for'plant-
ing this species. Large clearances in the
jungle were purchased from Government at
considerai'le distances from town, and ex-
pensive bungalows were erected upon such
estates, and surrounded by plantations of
this valued tree; and nearer the settlement,
private gardens were turned into nutmeg-
nurseries, and the houses were closely sur-
rounded with nutmeg-groves.
The nutmeg-tree is, when in health, a hand-
some bushy tree, between 20 and 30 feet high,
with numerous dark-green shining leaves. It
is evergreen, and ever-flowering, so that fruit
and flowers constantly coe.xisi upon the tree
— the flowers small, yellowish, and urceolate,
and the fruit needing no description here.
Tho trees were not allowed to be left to
the natural powers of the climate and soil,
but were richly manured and forced into
yielding heavy crops. To the manner of
doing this, and to the extent to which they
were forced into luxuriance, may probably
be traced the catastrophe which eventually
blotted out nutmeg-cultivation from the set-
tlement. Around each tree, and just level
with the outer branches, a trench was dug
about one foot deep and one foot wide, and
this was filled with a manure of cow-dung.
The result of this universal treatment was
that the trees for a timegrew luxuriantly', and
yielded large returns. About six hundred
nuts, or 8 llis. weight, were yielded by a good
tree during the year; and as the crop was
yielded all the year round, independently of
season, some plantations produced a picul
(133 lbs.) per diem on an average — the value
of the picul being 70 or 80 dollars— or from
25,000 to 30,000 dollars per annum.
For upwards of twenty yeai's tho plant-
ng was carried on vigorously. Plantations
changed hands at very extravagant prices;
and much money was made duri ng that period.
In the year 1860, howevei-, a sudden destruc- fact seems decidedly corroborative of the ide
tion came upon tho trees from an unknown that the disease was one of exhaustion an
quarter; and, to the dismay of the planters, [decay, arising from unnatural forcing. — Co
tho trees, which up to that time had jicMed, lingwood's Rambles of a Naturalist.
magnificently, were attacked with a blight,] Potashes from Beetroot Molasses. — It is we
whose destructive eff'octs could not be ar- , known that in the cultivation of the beet on
rested, while the source of it defied all inquiry, large scale, as is tho casein France, a larg
account for the disease. That which J(|
d'Almedia proposes is by far the most reasii
able, and in fact commends itself to thejuci
merit of the vegetable physiologist. It
that the trees had long been unnatural
forced, by digging trenches too closely arou i
their spongioles, and by too rich and lor
continued manuring, by which heavy cro]
it is true, were for a time obtained, but whi
at last exhausted the tree, so that the prerr
ture decay, thus brought on by inflexit
physiological laws, was incapable of bei
arretted by any after treatment.
When it was found that, in spite of ca
and lavish expenditure, the trees surely die
a, reaction took place. The planters aba
ioned the plantations in disgust, in mat
eases while there were still numerous healtl
trees ; and the land reverted to the Gover
ment. In other cases, where expensive bung
lows were built upon the estate, they we
sold for a small proportion of the
pended in building them, since they were,
, too far from town to command at
competition, and ceased to be convenient
situated. Many planters, both English at
Chinese, whose whole estates were investt
n nutmeg-plantations, were thus reduced
■uin, and became absolutely penniless; at
distress and disappointment everywhere pr
vailed.
It is a curious fact that many of these aba
doned trees, around which has now spr
up a thick jungle undergrowth, have, sim
they have been thus neglected and loft
themselves, recovered, and relieve the gen
rally dismal prospect of bare branches ai:
skeleton trees. I have myself seen thei
dark-green healthy trees in many situatioi
where they are quite uncared for, even among
the oldest plantations in the island; and th
In the night a tree would be attacked, and
the morning light would show its topmost
branches withered; the leaves fell off; the
disease slowly spread downwards, chiefly on
amount of potash must be added to the soil s
a fertilizer. The molasses containing man
impurities cannot be used for food ; and whe
charred the ashes consist of 50 per cent, c
one side of the tree; and, in spite of every I potash. Eighteen chemical works in Franc
attempt to check it (the lower portion often are engaged in receiving this valuable it
being for a long time green and bushj-), the jgredient ; using about 25,000 tons of molasses
tree became an unsightly mass of bare and lashes yearly and obtaining about 10,000 ton
whitened twigs. Most trees were entirely of refined potash suitable for soap-makinj
stripped in time, and became more skeletons, and other purposes.
Large outlay was expended in the endeavors Amount of Sugar in the Nectar of Variou
to arrest the destruction, but it was all thrown I Mo?t>ers. — Some recent experiments hav
away. No situation was exempt from its, shown that the nectar contained in the flower
ravages — hills and valleys alike suffered, nor, of a single head of clover yields about eigh
could any principle bo traceable in its pro- milligrainmos of sugar. From this the calcu
miscuous attacks. Upon a close examination jlation has been made that in order to obtait
of the diseased parts, it is found that the one pound of honey, three-fourths of whicl
formative layer inside the bark dries up andjis said to besugar, it would be necessary tha
turns black; tho leaves then wither and fall 5,600,000 such flowers should be visited bj
off; and soon the bark is found to bo full of i tho busy bees.
small perforations; but no insect of any kind Germ;in Post OflSces are Zoological Gardeni
has ever been discovered in connection with] on a small scale. In the course of a year ai
the change, nor hag any fungus boon charged | many as 40,000 live animals are sent by post
with the destruction. Its nature has been ajand if crabs, frogs, bees and small insects ar(
mystery and a puzzle with tho planters, who counted, the total will be among tho millions
have, for the most part in vain, sought for a The post-office authorities have the privilege
cause, either near or remote, and whose ef-lof excluding such animals as may be deemed
forts to arrest it have proved entirely unavail- either dangerous or disagreeable; but withir
ing. I have heard various suggestions offered, the last six months onl}' thirty-nine package?
some of them of tho wildest character, to of living animals were refused, among which
THE FRIEND.
343
i-e an allii;-ator, done up in a box as con-
ered loo fragile ; a lot of dogs, whose per-
cent barking could not be quieted, and a
nber of pigeons loosely tied up in a sack,
the other hand, during the same period, a
codile, scores of birds of prey, monkeys,
pents, a leopard and four living bear cubs
re transmitted by post.
Imaginary Injuries.— Dr. C. F. Taylor in a
;ent lecture reveals a singular slate of af-
1-8 among persons who imagine themselves,
i are supposed to be, afflicted with diseases,
i even fractures or paralysis of their limbs.
! tells of a young man who was under the
pression that he had broken a leg for the
;ond time, and for two years was treated
■ fracture without success. All the while
3 bone had not been broken, but the raind
the jjatient had exerted such an influence
on the limb that it had assumed all thd ex-
•nal characteristics of a fracture. It does
t suffice to inform patients of this kind
at their malady is simply mental. The
11 is exerted upon the member without the
,tient being conscious of the fact. By di-
rting the attention and making the limb
3V0 %eforo the subject is aware what i>
ling on, the physician proves that the ap
,rent hurt is simply a delusion of the senses.
■Chr. Adv.
Sewage in Water.— A writer in the JNew
ork times asserts that the popular opinion,
lat a running stream purifies itself in a flow
' ten miles, is an error, and cites the report
'the Elvers' Pollution Commission of Eng-
nd, which declares that " we are led to the
evitable conclusion that the oxidation of
le organic matter in sewage proceeds with
strerae slowness, aud that it will be safe to
rfer that there is no river in the United
:ingdom long enough to effect the destruc
on of sewage by oxidation." — Ch
again assuredly visit such in his own time.
I was therefore fearful of neglecting meet-
ngs, lest I might miss of the good intended
for me."
"The hand of the Lord was underneath,
though for my disobedience he suffered me
to remain in the wilderness and to dwell as
among fiery serpents, until he had waited
that disposition in me which lusted after for-
bidden things."
" In this state I continued until I was about
nineteen years of age, and as 1 was one day
ce of the bitter fruits springing from the
decay of his love and obedience in his childish
years I When we are conscious of the exten-
sion of Divine love to our souls, we rejoice in
the feeling of sweetness and of peace vouch-
safed to us. When this overspreads us, we
fear no evil for the time and can understand
the declaration, " Thou wilt keep him in per-
fect peace, whoso raind is stayed on thee, be-
cause he trusleth in thee." This isa frequent
experience of those who early in life obey the
gracious invitation of the blessed Redeerner,
T :: tV meet nrthi^ki-ng o^my forlorn to take his yoke upon them and foUow Him
mdition, and remembering the bread in my and in the freshness .-"^ /ervency of h^^^
house of which 1 had par- feelings, such are ready to hope and believe
that they will never again ottend so gracious
Adv.
cond
Heavenly Fathe
taken when I was a dutiful child, and that
by straying from Him, and spending my por-
tion, I had been eight years in grievous want,
I inwardly cried, 'If thou art pleased again
to visit me, I beseech thee, O Lord, visit my
body with sickness or p;un, or whatever thou
may please, so that the will of the old man
may be slain, and everything in me that thy
controversy is against, that I may be made a
sanctified vessel by thy power."
" In the fall of the year after I had arrived
at the age of twenty years, it pleased the
Lord to remember me, who had been an
exile, in captivity under the old taskmaster
n Egypt spiritually, and by his righteous
judgments mixed with unspeakable mercies,
to Tnako way for my deliverance. I was
visited with a sore tit of sickness, which in a
few days so fully awakened me, that I had
no hope of being again entrusted with health.
My misspent time, and all my transgressions
were brought to ray remembrance, aud heavy
judgment was upon me for them."
"At this time my old will in the fallen
nature gave up its life." "My heart was
made exceedingly tender, I wept much, and
an evidence was given me, that the Lord had
Corks Made Tioht -Corks are made both heard my cry, and in mercy looked down on
rSt id water tic^ht if plunged in melted me from his heavenly habitation, and a will-
uilne.and^ItU^^^^^^ hea'-t.-'-^^ S'-n ^ f"/ P^J.^^f'^lT
bus p.4pared, they can be easily cut and his chastisements and the wo.kings of his
ored,'and may be inserted in, or withdrawn leternal Word
rom bottles without any difficuliy.
THE FRIEND.
SIXTH MONTH
There is much instruction in the record
vhich John Churchman has left of the deal-
ngs of the Lord with him in bringing him
nto the way of life. When a young child,
lis mind was divinely illuminated, and his
aeart "filled with solid joy." Yet he aftor-
Bvards lost this good condition, not so much
irom the commission of any gross sin, as from
want of watchfulness, and by gradually sliding
into a state of lightness and forgetfulness
This was when he was about twelve years of ^-^^onc^
acre He ^ives a touching narrative of the pleased the Lord to dispense
mfntaldisTress which he Endured for eight we not learn from his experience
or nine years, till, through the renewed visi-
tations of the Lord, he was again brought to
know somewhat of the joys of salvation.
During this time, he says, "I was diligent in
attending meetings, hoping at seasons that
the Lord would condescend once more to
visit me; for a saying of an eminently pious
man was revived in my remembrance, '1 hat
:-e remained a desire in the heart after 1 What a lesson of the
a Lord. But as they journey forward through
life, they learn more and more of the weak-
ness of the flesh, how difficult it is to keep on
the watch, how plausible are the snares of the
enemy, and how strongly their own natural
inclinations tend to draw them aside from
the heavenward path. They find themselves
often neglecting the daily sacrifice of drawing
near to the Lord in humble waiting on Him
for preservation and spiritual food ; and are
conscious of the resulting coldness of heart,
and absence of strength for any good thing,
rhey lose confidence in their own power to
care for and keep themselves, are humbled
under a sense of their weakness, and accept
every good desire and every sense of tender-
ness and sweetness of feeling, as a fresh mercy
from the hand of the Lord. Thus they come
to feel the importance of the apostle's ex-
hortation—" Work out your own salvation
icithfear and trembling." Such humble disci-
ples are often made to rejoice in the evidence
of the Lord's goodness and mercy to them ;
yet they are not puffed up thereby, nor dare
they speak of their own attainments liizhtly
to others ; for they know that they are liable
to fall if unwalchful, and therefore are con-
cerned to heed the scripture exhortation—
" Be not high-minded, bui fear," and also the
warning language, " Let him that thinketh
he standeth, take heed lest he fall.'"
It is lamentable indeed to hear some speak
so confidently of their final salvation, as if
they were beyond the reach of temptation
i.nd of falling away. For the greater their
assurance and self-confidence, the greater is
the fear awakened in the hearts of others
that they are under a cloud of deception as to
hich created all things at the
beginning, and by which only poor fallen
man is created anew in the heavenly image,
and prepared to praise Him with acceptance,
who lives forever and ever."
During all this time of spiritual desolation,
John Ch'urchman appears to have been sensi-
hln nf the loss he had sustained, and of his — ^ — ^ . , i i ^ .i
In titsgressions and a desir'e was kept their real condition ^^ is the meek that the
ve in h,?heart to be restored to the Divine Lord teacheth of his -^^'JlJ ,^^«^ '^"•^^^'^
doubt this desire was awakened that He guides in the path of judgment.
We have received a note from Cyrenius and
T. D. Emmons, of Alamata, Lane Co., Kansas,
if thert
redemption, as it was
favor. No doubt
and strengthened by the secret working of
the Spirit of Christ, and a blessing rested
•fi:i^'^,S^1:;u:^r-^J^'t£nS"^ ^le^^^^forU.. infbrmatlon of: those who
fLh ex'tendinlfof he'Lvenl/help. He was wisf to settle on Government lands, under
hnno-P.-ino-indihirstino- for that food of which, the Homestead Laws,
rhart^rmei-ly prraken (and a blessing They say they "have spent considerable
esled on 1 8 earnest longing), but he had time aud pains in selecting a place in western
no power to take a crumb thereof until it 'Kansas, possessed of the most attractive quah-
no power lo laiie a ei ^_ , . m..„u;„„ „„^ whore the government proposes to
sons the groundwork of as beautiful
similar to that of many Christians), howen-jhomes as can be found anywhere, for living
the V dependent we are on the renewed visi- Son them ; and having decided on township 16
toLo'fDt'ine favor for all our spiritual range 27, of Lane Co., Kansas, we invite^ all
blessines? And does it not show the errone- Friends who wish to emigrate and desiie to
oLscEcter of that preaching which would maintain the P-^-P'-.^^d practice o the
lead the hearer to suppose that salvation is Society of Friends as they were estabiisnett
within his r:rch'.;.ir he chooses to take and maintained %-; J^^^eraTas" ar K
. „ I come and examine for themselves ai as eauy
■ ' ' of maintaining a day as they can."
So many risks are involved in going into a
kept to, the Lord would the holy watch, is taught us by his expert-]
S44
THE FRIEND.
new country, that wo think our members
ought to consider such a movement as a seri-
ous matter, requiring a degree of that Divine
guidance whicb is profitable to direct in all
tilings. It involves not only the question of
earning a support for those dependent on
them in the neighborhood into which they
go, but also the effect of -the change on the
health, the intellectual and moral develop-
ment, and the religious usefulness of their
families and themselves. We do not doubt
that there are manj' cases, in which families
are convinced that the way is rightly opened
before them for migrating from one section
of country to another; and we sincerely de-
sire for such of our members that, wherever
they go, they may "maintain the principles
and practices of the Society of Friends, as
they were established and maintained by our
worthy ancestors."
We have been requested to give informa-
tion that experienced and reliable Nurses for
private cases can now be secured by applying
at the Pennsj'lvania Hospital.
SU.\IMA.RY OF EVENTS.
United States. — The average temperature of Phila-
delphia for tde Fifth month, is given as 63.6 degrees ;
which is two degrees ahove the average of the past eight
years, and higher than the same month in any year
since 1871. The lowest temperature was 42 degrees, on
the 3rd, and the highest 91 deg., on the Slst. Prevail-
ing direction of wind sonth-west; maximum velocity
27 miles. The total rainfall 1.22 inches, which is much
below the average for nine years past. During the
month there were 16 clear days, 10 fair, and 5 cloudy.
One hundred thousand tons of Scranton coal were
sold in New York on the 26th ult., by the Delaware,
Lackawana and Western Company, at prices showing
an advance of 2J a 7 cts. per ton.
Resumption of work at the Seneca Colliery, Pittston,
Pa., after a month's suspension, will give employment
to 700 men and boys.
The Philadelphia and Reading Riilroad Company
having announced an advance of the tolls, to take effect
on the 2nd inst., has notified its miners that this ad-
vance will be followed by a corresponding advance of
their wages, which will not be less than 16 per cent,
below the basis, instead of 20 as now paid ; and that
the condition of the coal trade is such as to warrant the
expectation of further increase.
A party of 1.50 Dunkards have left Marietta, Lancas-
ter Co., Pa., for Kansas, where they have purchased
large quantities of land. They took with them a bishop
and a full church organization.
Forest fires during the past week have caused great
damage along the Lake shore of Wisconsin. Commu-
nication with Sturgeon Bay is cut off by the burning of
telegraph poles. Several buildings have been destroyed,
rendering some families homeless.
Terrible storms of wind and rain visited portions of
Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri, on the night of the
30th, causing serious loss of life, and great damage to
property.
The colored teachers in Georgia have been invited
to meet in convention in Atlanta on the 23rd inst., to
consider the educational interests of the colored people
of tiie Slate.
The Ciieyenne delegation in Washington had a final
interview with the Secretary of the Interior, and with
the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Tliey were posi-
tively informed they should not return to Dakota.
They finally consented to return to the Indian Terri-
tory.
An effort is now being made in New York, by the
" Society for the Prevention of Crime," for a rigid en-
forcement of the excise laws, by removing the (•.\<isc
commissioners from ofiice, and putting men in ihilr
bill over the veto, it failed for want of two-thirds in the
affirmative, the yeas being 112, nays 91.
The excess of exports over imports of the United
States, for the twelve months ending 4th mo. 30th, was
$272,215,770, against $221,680,013 for the previous
year.
The mortality in Philadelphia for the week ending
at noon on the Slst ult.. Is stated at 231— of whom 130
were adults. In New York city the total was 445.
Since the first of the year 20,626,.S94 gallons of petro-
leum have been exported from Philadelphia; during
the previous year 14,047,916 gallons; 102,081 bushels
of wheat, 446,606 of corn, and 59,868 of rye were ship'
ped last week from this port.
The whole number of pieces coined at the U. States
Mint during the 5th month was 1,795,000, of the total
value of $2,094,.5O8, of which $789,800 was gold,
1,300,000 silver dollars, and $4,708 base coin.
Markets, &c. — The Government bond market was
firm on the 31st ult., and the entire list, with the ex-
ception of the currency 6's, advanced Jth. The sub-
scriptions to $10 refunding certificates on the 30th and
31st, were $1,428,300, making the total subscriptions
$33,874,970. The Secretary announces that he has
orders for all the remaining certificates, and they will
soon be distributed. This will end funding till 1881.
Cotton. — Sales of middlings were reported at 13| a
13| cts. per lb. for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 72 cts., in barrels, and standard
white at 8J cts. for export, and 9J a lOi cts. per gallon
for home use. Linseed oil, 59 a 61 cts. Neatsfoot,
extra, 70 a 75 cts. Lard oil, 48 a 50 ets. Sperm, crude,
83 cts.; winter refined, 90 a 95 cts. per gallon.
Flour. — Trade dull, but without essential change.
Minnesota extra, $4.37J a $5 ; Penna. do., $5 a $5.35 ;
western do., $5.25 a $5.75 ; high grades, $6.25 a $7.25.
Rye flour, $2.75 a $2.87 J.
Grain. — The demand for wheat was limited — Penna.
and southern red, $1.14 a $1.14i ; do. amber, $1.15^ a
*1.16. Rye, 58 a 60 cts. Corn, 40 a 44J cts Oats,
mixed, o3i a 34J cts., and white, 35 a 37 cts. per bushel.
Seeds. — Cloverseed, 4J a 6 cts. per pound. Timothy,
$1.45 a $1.50 per bushel.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 65 a 75 cts. per 100
pounds ; mixed, 50 a 60 cts. ; straw, 75 a 85 cts. per 100
pounds.
Beef cattle during the week were dull and prices
lower: extra, 5J a 5J cts.; good, 5 a 6} cts. ; common,
4 a 4} cts. per pound. Sheep, 3^ cts. for common, and
4} cts. for good. Lambs, 5 a 9 cts., as to quality.
Hogs, 5 a 5J cts. per pound.
The increase of public debt during last month was
$62,250.20.
Foreign.— The British and Foreign Bible Society
reports that no less than 354,000 Bibles were circulated
in Germany last year— a gain of 20,000. Nearly 500,-
000 copies of the Scriptures were distributed among the
Russian forces in Turkey.
The reports from all parts of England are that the
grain crops are backward, and in many districts thin
and poor, and that vegetation is later than for many
years. Recent genial changes in the weather may re-
pair much of the delay.
From a report of the accidents which have occurred
in the streets of London and its suburbs, through the
passage of vehicles, horsemen, &c., from the first day of
1878, to the 31st of 1st mo. 1879, it appears there were
3872 such accidents, resulting in the injury of 3901 per-
sons, of whom 166 were killed. The greatest number
of accidents were caused by light carts.
The Russian Government has recently voted 250,000
roubles for the construction of the largest telescope that
can be advantageously made. The object glass is in-
tended to be between 30 inches and 3 feet diameter, if
possible to cast a disc of this size, of the neceasary even-
ness and purity. Otto Strune, director of the P'ulkowa
Observatory, intends visiting the United States, to ex-
W.i
■ great I
taki
id to
pa,,;,ge of til,
■~ ;ind cnguieers, and these schools have been
so useful that twenty more are about to the
X,,rili (Irnnrni Ga~Hl,' s;iys, (hat Germany, by the
'!■ iiv, i- ,n:iM.i| lo ni:il;e all changes in the
"' ^ ' 'I' I" II !• "I M|i.iii her consent, and has
ml "ilii I II. Ill,-, uiih ihf South Sea groups,
■ I .1 vw,l,- lli-lil, wluM-e tierman enterprise can
li, iinl, iicnd by the competilion of other nations
■ l!i-;iii;irk lias requested the emperor to grant him
)U;;li of several months.
Keichstiig has passed the bill authorizing the
provisional levying of the customs duties proposed i
the tarifi'and tobacco bills. This includes the duties c
unwroiight iron and petroleum.
It is reported that negotiations are proceeding i
Berlin foracommercial treaty with Japan, on the modi
of the Japanese treaty with the United States.
The Ship Canal Congress has adopted, by a vote <
98 to 8, the Panama and Limon Bay route.
In Paris and its suburb.s, there are more tliau 18,00;
people who live by rag picking or rag selling. Ther
are 10,000 chiffoniers who go about collecting scraps c
rags or paper, and 3000 old clothes dealers who bu.
rags, and who again employ 2000 workmen.
King Alfonso opened the Cortes on the 1st inst. Ii
his speech he declares that the Ministry will continu
the practice of liberal principles ; relations with foreigi
powers are satisfactory ; the budget will contain n,
changes; the Government will submit measures to alle
viate the effects of the ten years war in Cuba, and will
the assistance of the Cortes, will endeavor to assimilat,
the position of the colony to that of a province of Spa
and hasten the day for the complete abolition of slavery
The Portuguese cabinet has resigned in consequenc.
of internal dissension. Previous to its retirement,
announced, the Ministry concluded a treaty with Grea
Britain looking to the suppression of the .slave trade
the development of commerce, and the civilization i
Africa.
The volcano of Mt. Etna is in full eruption. Severa
villages are threatened with destruction, and there i
great alarm among the inhabitants. Craters hav(
formed on two slopes, covering several square miles
and the volcano presents a very imposing specUicle
Mount Vesuvius is also in state of eruption.
The London Times says, cholera has been making
fearful havoc among the pilgrims returning from tht,
Hurduar fair, and is being spread by them througl
Northern India. It is .asserted that between 20,000 ant
30,000 hillmen from the Himalayan districts died oi
their homeward journey.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Stated Meeting of the General Committee is to b(
held at the school on Fourth-day, the 18th inst., a
8 A. M.
The Committees on Instruction and Admissions mee
at the school on the preceding evening, at 7 o'clock. |
The Visiting Committee meet at the school oi'
Seventh-day, the 14th inst. I
For the accommodation of the committee, conveyj
ances will be at the Street Road Station on Seventh and
Third-d.ays, the 14th and 17th inst., to meet the traimi
that leave the city at 2.30 and 4 40 p. m. I
Samuel Morris, '•
Philada., 6th mo. 2d, 1879. Clerk. I
A competent teacher is desired for Friends' School at
Crosswicks, N. J., to commence about 9th rao. 1st.
Application m.ay be made to Barton F. Thorn ot
Jos. S. MiDDLETON, Crosswicks, or Samuel Allinson,
Yardville, N. J.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
Wanted a teacher for the Girls' School. Application
may be made to
John W. Biddle, No. 726 Buttonwood St.
Kphraim Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebecca W. Kite, No. 4-59 North Fifth St.
Hannah Evans, No. 322 Union St.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankford, {Twenty -third Ward,) Philadelpltia.
Physician and Superintendent — JornC. Hall, .M.D.
Applications for the Admission of PatienUs may be
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board ol
M;inns,M-<.
Inn., 1,, Ill-lb month ]3lli, 1879, at the residonoo of
li, r hii>l, 111,1, in the city of Now Y'ork, after a lingering
illness, Elizabeth R., wife of George D. Hilyard, and
daughter of the late Daniel Wills, deceased, in the 4lith
year of lier age, a member of New Y'ork Monthly and
Particular Meeting.
-Vlihoiigb this dear Friend was permitted to p.ana
lluougli iiiiich mental conllici, as well as great bodily
siillcriiii;, slio was fivored to feel an evidence of aocept-
aiice with her Saviour, and that his arms were open to
receive her into his heavenly kingdom.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SIXTH MONTH 14, 1879.
NO. 44.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
Price, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum; if not paid
in advance f 2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Communications to be addressed to
JOSEPH WALTON,
NO. 150 NORTH NINTH STREET.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
AT NO. 116 S08TK FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS.
PHILADELPHIA.
Life and Adventure in Japan.
BV E. WARREN CLARK.
(Continued from page 3S3.)
The groat public tboroughfare of Japan is
called the " To kaido." It is several huodred
miles i n length, and passes along the sea-shore
and over the mountains, connecting the an-
cient capital, Kio-to, near Ijake Biwa, with
the modern capital, Tokio, at the head of
Yedo Bay.
The road is flanked on either side with ven-
erable pines, which have shaded generations
of travellers and pilgrims who have passed to
and fro through this beautiful country. Near
the seashore it is protected by earthen em-
bankments, and over the .steep declivities of
the mountains it is paved with stones. It
runs through innumerable villages and towns,
and its way-side is the best possible place to
study the country life and character of the
people.
Here j'ou ma}" meet the two-sworded "Sa-
mou-rai," as the military gentlemen are called
who wear long sharp swords thrust in their
belts, and who sometimes look very fiercely
at foreigners, whom they do not love over-
much for invading the sacred seclusion of their
countiy. Here j'Ou meet the farmers also,
carrying their produce to market, and the
ooolies, trudging along with their burdens
suspended from the ends of a pole carried on
the shoulder.
Here you meet bands of pilgrims clothed in
white, wearing broad bamboo hats, and carry-
ing a small bell in one hand and a long staff
in the other. On the staff were strips of paper
prayers, and the little bells tinkled continu-
ally to call the attention of the gods to the
prayers while the pilgrims were on their
journey to the various heathen shrines.
The country people were very polite, and
as we passed them on the road each one would
bow and exclaim, "O hiol" (Good-raorning.)
The children would also nod their little heads
politely, and touch their foreheads as a mark
of respect.
In passing through one of the towns on the
"Tokaido," we saw a long ladder standing
upright at the side of the street, upon which
a man climbed whenever the fire-alarm sound-
ed. The houses were simply wooden shan-
ties, with paper sliding-doors, and when they'
caught fire, a.s they frequently did, the man
on the ladder would shout to his neighbors,
and thej would run together and pull down
the house, instead of attempting to extinguish
the flames.
On the road side a stream of water is seen,
which the natives use in cooking and washing.
The open space in front of each house is used
for drying fish, sifting grain, and also for sun-
ning the babies and children who swarm by
the road-side, and who use this space fre-
quently for a play-ground.
The mountain Fuji-Yama is seen in the dis-
tance.
We turued asido a few miles to visit "Dai-
Butz," the great bronze idol of Japan, which
is about fifty feet in height. It stands near
the former site of an ancient city of great his-
toric interest, but which passed away some
centuries ago, leaving scarcely a vestige be-
hind, except this idol and a large temple.
The colossal image represents Buddha sit-
ting in a large lotus-lily, in the state called
" nirvana,' which is a kind of divine sleep or
unconsciousness. This is the heavenly slate
which the devout Buddhist hopes to attain.
Not a heaven of holy activity and of joyous
worship, but a sleep of eternal unconscious-
ness, an absorption into Buddha! Yet there
is certainly something very peaceful and even
beautiful in the expression of repose on that
bronze face, and 1 do not wonder that multi-
tudes of the ignorant pdgrims worship it with
awe.
In front of the image are two vases contain-
ing large bronze lotus lilies with expanding
leaves, and between the vases is a bronze
biazier where incense may be burnt. Bai-
Butz is very imposing without, but he is en-
tirely empty within ; for you may go inside uf
him, by passing through a small door, and
find his hollow form lined with shelvt^s, on
which small gilt images are ranged. His ears
are very large, as all ears are on idols, and
his massive head is covered with concentric
rows of snail-shells, which gathered there to
protect his sacred person from the sun when
(in mythological times) he rose from the sea.
After studying the image as a work of art,
I climbed up into his capacious lap, and sat
upon one of his thumbs, which were placed
together in a devout attitude. Here I began
to sing the longraetre doxology, to the as-
tonishment of the priest standing below, who
could not understand the words, and wondered
what the matter was! A year after this I
sang the same hymn in Dui-Butz's lap, with
half-a dozen other people ; and we told the
priest we were praising the true God, that
the time was at hand when idolatry in Japan
was going down, never to rise again, and
that even Dai-Butz would no longer be wor-
shipped.
Not far from this great image is the beau-
tiful island of In-o-shi-ma, close by the shore,
where shrines and temples are found em-
bowered among the trees high up on the
rock}- cliffs, and where you may descend to
submarine caverns, to reach which 1 had to
swim around the rocks and allow m3'self to
be swept into a dark and dreary cavern by
the waves. Here a naked priest stood by a
stone altar. On the ledges of the rock, where
the surf I'olled and dashed high in the air,
little Japanese nrchins were diving for pen-
nies in the deep green water, protected by
the gi-oltos formed at the loot of the cliff;
they would catch a penny when thrown into
the water long before it reached the bottom.
We spent the first night at a large city on
the Tokaido, and the next morning found us
galloping along the level road leading towards
O da wa-ra, a city at the foot of the Ha-ko-ne
mountain pass. The whole journey to 8hidz-
u-o-ka required five days, for you must re-
member there were no steam-cars, coaches, or
modern conveniences of travel. Besides, I
very soon found that it was to be a journey
of Japanese etiquette the whole way. As we
approached the province where I was to live,
whole villages appeared specially prepared
for my reception. Tlie native officials would
come out to meet us, dressed in flowing robes,
and salute me in the way they used to receive
the dai-mios,or distinguished princes, in olden
times. Although they were tvvo-sworded
men of rank, they would kneel in front of our
horses and bow their heads to the earth, heav-
ing a deep sigh of respect.
At the ne.xt village we would have to go
through the very same formalities, until,
after a dozen or more were passed, it became
rather monotonous. Whole neighborhoods
were thrown into agitation by the arrival in
theirmidst of such a strange-looking creature
as the " foreigner," and 1 was evidently as
great a curiosity to the people as they were
to me. Long lines of awe-struck faces pre-
sented themselves at every window and door
and crevice, and crowds of women and chil-
dren thronged the narrow lanes as we gallop-
ed through the principal street, making the
old town echo with the clatter of our horses'
feet.
On crossing the Hakone range of mountains
it became necessary to change our horses for
peculiar vehicles called " kan-gos," carried on
men's shoulders. The " kan-go" is like a broad
cane chair without legs, slung securely on a
thick pole.
When I was fairly stowed away in the
kan go, two naked coolies raised it from the
ground and placed the ends of the pole on
their brawny shoulders. Off they trudged, as
though I were simply a bag of rice or a box
of cheese, and, jolting me up and down like
a bowlful of jelly, they slowly climbed the
steep and stone-paved path of the mountains.
Now and then they rested the ends of the
pole upon their stout bamboo sticks, and after
shifting the heavy burden to the other shoul-
der away they would go again. Though their
naked bodies would fairlj' shine with the sweat
that trickled down their backs, yet they went
great distances without apparent fatigue, al-
ways shouting to each other in keeping step.
34 G
THE FRIEND.
TIkm-o are half-way stations on the mountain,
whoi-o they stop to rest and eat rice. Tlieir
appetites are well earned, and after eating
plenty they finish off with a cup of tea.
On the pass wc encountered naiied runners,
or post-tarriers, with their broad-brimmed
hats and their little post-boxes slung on a
stick over their shouidoi's. Those are th
swift-footed fellows who afterwards brought
me my home mails from Yokohama.
After ascending scvei-al thousand feet,
through thickly wooded ravines, we reached
the ]MCturesquc village of Hakone, nestled
among the mountains, at the head of a lovely
lake of the same name.
A71 Epistle from John Eitauph, to the Quarterly
Meeting of Friends for Newton and Salem,
New Jersey.
Dear Friends : — As it hath been the Lord's
love which took hold on my mind, and drew
me forth from you, to visit his people in other
parts, so its from a sense and feeling of the
same heavenly spring of the Father's love, in
which I am now drawn towards you, for ye
are fresh in my remembrance, and as at many
other times, so at this time, is my concern for
you, that as God of his infinite goodness hath
been pleased to reach unto you, and by the
shepherd's crook of his love hath taken hold,
and gathered you near unto himself in some
degree, and hath often given you to partake
of the bread and water of lil'e, through the
virtue whereof your loves were at first raised
to him, and ye filled wiih heavenly zeal, and
were made willing to leave all for his sake,
and with the apostle to esteem the loss of all
things but as dross or dung, so you could
but win Christ. And that this heavenly mind
may grow and increase in you, is what I am
often concerned for; that as ye have entered
into the way and path of life, you may be pre-
served therein, and feel j'our growth to be in
Christ the living vine ; and where that is wit-
nessed, the good fruits are not wanting: for
whoever grows in Christ, grows in all holi-
ness of life; for what is received from' Him,
tinned, you '11 then feel the Lord will not bo
wanting to support you in what tends to his
honor; for his eyes are upon the righteous, and
his ears are open to their cry; and for their
help he will arise, and what is wrong must be
judged down by him. Therefore, let not any
give way to favor any thing which is fi'om
under the cross of Christ, for those who would
favor the cause of such as are not willing to
bear the yoke, will thereby hurt themselves,
and bring a vail of darkness over their own
understandings, and if darkness prevails, love
will wa.K cold to brethren, and that care for
maintaining love and unity will be lost, and
instead thereof, bitterness gets up, and hard
speeches are uttered, and grievous reflections
past on them who cannot give way for any
thing to be countenanced or encouraged in
the Church of Christ, but what is consistent
with his will whose dwelling is in holiness
and is of purer eyes than to behold any evi
with allowance.
Wherefore, my dearly beloved friends, be
all careful to keep a sti'ict watch, each over
his own mind ; that nothing that's wrong may
get up, to harden your hearts or darken any
one's understanding which G-od hath opened ;
and if the watch be well kept up at home, and
no evil thing encouraged there, then, such
will become more and more in the Lord's
hand, as proper instruments to watch over
others, and to lend a helping hand unto them
who stand in need. And indeed, he that would
help another out of the mire, must first get
out himself, and be washed from his own de-
filements, before he can be helpful in so good
a work; for should help be offered from such
an one, who hath not passed under the refin-
ng power and mortifying word of God, it
might well be rejected and turned back again,
and to him said, Oh ! thou deceitful h}'po-
crite, first get a clean heart created in thyself,
before thou offers help to me. And God saith
to the wicked, what hast thou to do to declare
my statutes, or that thou should take my
covenant in thy mouth? seeing thou hatest
"nstruction and castcth my vvords behind thee;
when thou sawest a thief then thou eon-
sentedst with him, and hast been partaker
is of a holy, pure and divine nature; purgingjwith adulterers. And, dear friends, seeing
to the purifying of the consciences of them ithere were such in many generations that are
that believe. And maketh of such who once past, who did presume to appear as servants
were sinners to become saints. And they who ■ -■ • ■ ■■
were once blind have, by believing in him,
received sight, and given to look into the
mystery of the kingdom of God, in which his
glory is beheld, the least glimpse whereof
tends to mar all the glory of Satan's kingdom
in them who are thus favored with the dawn-
ings of the day of God's merciful visitation
of God, and were not truly such, we need not
wonder if there be some such in this day; for
there is the same old deceiver, that's going
about seeking whom he can devour, and he is
not without his wicked and evil instruments,
by whom he is working: and as is their mas-
ter, so are they, full of subtilty; and often
under a seeming show of goodness, and a
uponthcirsouls. With which, my dear friends, feigned humility, gain upon the minds of
you have been favored, and largely given to some, and got a place in their affections ;
people, 80 that my way has been made eaij
and so fur as have felt it opened, I have an
swered ; and now finding myself free and clea
of that concern which lay as a weight on m;
mind, and, being at liberty, think the tira"
long, till I am again with you. And if thi
opportunity had happened the beginning 0
last month, I should have come this fall : bu
the vvinter is now too near to attempt it, !
have therefore dropped the thoughts of com
ing until spring. My dear wife gives her dea
love to you all, and through mercy we are ii
a good state of health, praised be the Lord
And may it please him, our heavenly Father
to protect and preserve us all in the way an(
path of life, unto the end of our time here
and at last give us an entrance into the king
dom of eternal glorj', is the sincei-e desire an(
prayer of your truly concerned friend, ,j
John Estaugh. ]
London, the 20th of the 7th mo. 1722. 1
For "Ibe Friend."
Divine Protection.
The belief that the following narrative ma.\
prove strengt^hening to the faith of manj
i-s of " The Friend," leads me to tr;
it for publication, subject to the judg
partake thereof, with many others, and by
the one spirit have been baptized together as
into one body; and have drank at the one
heavenly divine spring, and united together
in that pure love which flows from God,
through Christ, to true believers; and great
was that care which came upon you, for the
maintaining of that love and unity which
Truth had brought you into; and when any-
thing appeared which struck thereat, how
readily did you Ihon join hand in hand, to get
that cast out from amongst you, which had
so ill a tendency in it. And God, who de-
lighteth to behold his children united together
in his love, failed not to bless your endeavors.
And dear Friends, if the same care be con-
which being once fixed is hard to move ; and
so it proves many times of ill consequence,
when such an one comes to be discovered, and
judged to be no other than a deceiver.
Wherefore, dear friends, in order that that
and all other dangers may be avoided, let
every ono keep close to the gift and measure
of Christ's Spirit in himself, against which no
device or enchantment of the enemy can ever
prevail : for if we are deceived, it's for want of
keeping a single e}'e to our holy and heavenly
guide, Christ Jesus ; to whom, for all the mer-
cies we enjoy, be glory and praise for ever.
And, dear friends, as to my travels, I may
with comfort say, the Lord hath been with
me in this my service and labor of love to his'
eade
scribe
ment of the editor.
After the ship Loch Erne ran down anc
sunk the steamship Ville Deflavre, from New
York to France, in 1873, it was still thought
by her officers that she would be able to react
a port of safet}', although in a very damagec
condition. This they attempted to do, at'tei
having transferred the few that were saved
from the sunken steamship to another more
commodious ship, which fell in with them in
their wrecked condition; but after parting
with this ship, that came to their aid, they
found the Lock Erne to become unmanage-
able.
The following letter was read at a meeting
in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland — which
a few months after I copied from the news-
paper Weekly Review, published in that city.
It shows us plainly that our Heavenly Father
yet holds converse with his children, outside
of that which was written aforetime for our
instruction in the Holy Scriptures. Verily
the days of miracles are not yet pas-sed. Who
dare limit the Holy One of Israel ?
" After they found the ship to be unmanage-
able, many a heart failed. They feared they
would never see land again. They could not
navigate the vessel, and were left to the mercy
of the wind and waves ; or rather to the care
of Him who ruleth the wind and waves. Vain
was the help of man. The wind drove them
out of the course of ships, northward. You
are aware (says the writer who received the
information contained in this letter from her
son who was on board), that two ministers
were left on board the Loch Erne. One M.
Cook, a truly godly man, did all he could to
encourage their hearts. Every day at noon,
he gathered them together and earnestly
strove to lead them to the Saviour; and this
he continued to do till they reached England.
" The day before they were rescued they
know that very shortly they must go down.
The wind now changed, bringing them a little
nearer the track of ships, yet little hope was
had of being saved. M. Cook told them of his
hopes, and that death to him would bo eternal
life; and he urgently entreated them to put
their trust in Him who is mighty to save ; at
the same time he told them that ho had no
THE FRIEND.
847
ubt they would be rescued ; and that even
in a vessel was speeding to save them ; and
3d had answered their prayers; and that
xt d;iy as morning dawns they would see
:r. That night was one of great anxiety ;
morning dawned every eye was strained
see the promised ship. There truly she
as, and the British Queen bore down upon
em; you may think with what thankful
larts they left the L .ch Erne."
One thing is remarkable. The officer in
.arge on board the British Queen, had a most
laccountable feeling that there was some
inc for him to do; and three times during
at^night he changed the course of the ves
1, bearing northward, and told the watch to
lep a sharp look out for a ship. Imme-
ately ou sighting the Loch Erne ho bore
)wn upon her; at first sight he thought she
\A been abandoned, as she lay helpless in
,e trough of the sea ; but soon they saw her
gnal of distress. It seems to be a remark-
ale instance of fairh on the one side, and a
aiding providence on the other. After they
iero taken on board the pilot boat that
fought them into Plymouth, M. Cook read
le a°ceount of Paul's shipwreck, showincr the
imilarity of their csporience. T. D.
San Leandro, Cal., oth rao. 23d, 1879.
Note.— Bv another newspaper, after\yards, the writer
iarned that'thls M. Cook was a Prote:;tant minister in
laris. Had been to the Evangelical Alliance, and died
[i about a year afterwards. ^- "■
Very few of these stone houses are built
many stories high. Outside of the larger
cities they are almost all low and mean. In
Halba, for instance, the home of a good Chris-
tian native, whose name is Ishoc AbuHanna,
(that is, the father of Hanna), is perched on
a hill-side opposite the village, above a ravine
through which runs a stream of water. It is
simply one low room, about sixteen by twenty
feet. The ceiling is of logs, smoked black,
and shining as if they had been varnished.
Above the logs are flat stones and thorns, on
which earth is piled a foot deep. This, of
course, gives fine rooting ground for grass and
weeds. And they grow there just as in the
Bible times, " when the grass upon the house-
tops withered afore it grew up." In the
winter, this earth is rolled down with a heavy
stone roller, to keep out the rain. In many
of the houses, the family, cattle, sheep, calves
and horses, sleep in the same room, ihe
family sleep in the elevated part of the room,
along the edge of which is a trough, into which
they^put the barley for the animals. This is
the medhwad or manger, such as the infant
Jesus was laid in.
It seems strange that people are willing to
sleep in such daVk rooms among the cattle
and donkey
as he wears no stockings. He wears red
shoes pointed and turned up at the toes.
When he comes in at the door, he leaves his
shoes outside, but keeps his cap on his head.
The better dressed children wear clothes
of more costly materials and richer colors.
Sometimes they have white turbans, instead
of the iez or red felt cap. The indoor dress
is often very rich. At a party in such a place
as Tripoli or Beirut, the ladies will be dressed
in the most elegant style, in silks and satins
and velvets, embroidered with gold thread
and pearls, and their arras and necks loaded
with gold bracelets and necklaces set with
precious stones, and on their heads wreaths of
.-•old and silver work sparkling with diamonds
and frao-rant with orange-blossoms and jessa-
mine. The little boys and girls, too, are
dressed in the same rich stylo among the
wealthier classes.
One of the deepest convictions in the mind
of an Arab is that any man is immeasurably
superior to any woman — that women are fit
only to be despised. Boys are trained to
abuse and oppress their sisters, and girls are
tauc^ht that such treatment is the only kind
they have any right to expect. The women
carry the burdens, and grind the
hand-mills. They are sometimes yo
n the
with
d that thev are not, afraid iiaiiu-iuina. j-"^.^ ...^.^- .,
be trodden on in tholcattle and donkeys _before the plough,^ and
j Syrian Home-life.
' The home life of any people is influenced
'■ery much by the dwellings in which it is led.
hhe discomfort so manifest among the poorer
[lasses of the East, the absence of that cheer-
fulness and brightness which makes a marked
•eature in the family relations of many other
lands, comes in a measure from the houses in
l\'hich young and old are forced to spend their
Jays. Among Arabs, as among ignorant races
generally, there is a marvellous lack of fore
handedness. With Mohammedans this lack
is ao-o-i-avated by the tendency that the
iem"doctrine of fatalism has to increase the
Jaziness which has been not inaptly described
as an original sin.
, When Dr. Calhoun was spending a summer
'in a Lebanon village, he wondered at the com-
posure with which the natives endured the
iblazing sunshine, unbroken by any shade.
^One day he said to some of the householders :
" Why do you not plant trees here, to shad e
your houses ?''
of Hums, was once travelling near Safita,
and slept in a house among the cattle, as
it was stormy and ho had no other place to
sleep. In the night he was disturbed in his
dreams, and opened bis eyes thinking that the
coarse sour bread he ate for supper had given
him the "nightmare!" But instead ot that,
ho found it was only a night-calf; as a calf was
standing on his breast and looking down into
his face ! , , o •
It may easily be imagined that bynan
houses as a class do not furnish very attrac-
tive homes to Americans. But besides the
trouble that missionaries have in getting
places fit for civilized homes, there are other
difficulties that come from the superstitions
of the Moslems, for they believe that the sale
be followed by a death -
brinf water for the household uses.
Iif speaking of the customs of the Arabs
that pertain to their meals, it is hardly proper
to use a term familiar in western speech, and
speak of " the table," for in Syria the company
who are to eat together do not sit at a table,
but squat cross-legged around a little, insig-
nificant piece of furniture about a foot high,
merely a large stool or tall kind of tray. Ihis
is placed on a mat in the middle of the room.
Here is the bill of fare of a supper to which
a traveller might be welcomed in a, Syrian
home- First of all are the world-wide essen-
tials, bread and water. The bread i.s in four
piles on the edge of the tray. The water is
in one cup, from which all are to drink. On
the table there is ktbby, and camel stew and
Esau's pottage, and olives, and rice, and figs
lAS^^h;mwJ^;^wfthr'Th;;;^in.<^
obstacles to sale -<^. however, overcome by j and w^^^^^^ plum-pudding
legal fictions, just as they are in lands furthei ^^^-^^^'Zloa.i beef, 111 in one. It
Tlie dresses of the Syrians, young and old,
vary as much as the garments of other nations.
is made by pounding meat m a mortal with
wheat, until both are mixed into a soft pulp,
nd then dressed with nuts, onions and butter,
The varieties come,"however, from '^'ff'^'-^"^- j^;- ^{;;k7d o^'roasted in cakes over the fire._
What is the use?" they answered;
should not live to sit in the shade."
"But your children would."
" Then let them plant the trees." And that
was answer enough ; and content with it they
sweltered on, as they had for generations be-
fore. The same satisfaction with the past has
preserved the architecture, and the methods
of house-building, century after century.
Most of the Syrian houses are built of stone.
The great scarcity of timber through the land
forbids the use of wood. It is said that in the
days of the successors of Alexander the Great,
and in the wars of the Maccabees, the Syrian
forests were almost wholly destroyed, and
that since then the goats and donkeys have
persistently nibbled and browsed down the
young shoots until the land has become so
bare and desolate that now a tree is a trea-
sure, and often a wonder.
n material and value, rather jJ^J^- - - i;;^; "use" no knives or forks at Uieir
eals, nor have they plates for each person ,
quent changes in fashion
I garments are heirlooms, handed from one gen
eration to another, and valued and used
way which would be impossible under the
■ - - • • -. . ■- If popularity be de-
but each one .ioubles a pieco of the bread into
a kind of three-cornered spoon, and with it or
with a wooden spoon, or his fingers dips from
eid:dty^2Mhenth::n^;ppula;dr;ss|the^d^h^^^
ar^a.pparently unapproachable and ---P- Th^/-,V::'^:Hrd "the ship of the^sert."
^'^Tfe^^r'^^^^lts of the/e....« or peas-lHe is ver^^^^
ants is a simple affair. For instance, the little ^ beavy cai go over U^e ocean li p ^^
boy Asoad, who brings milk every °»°™'°g :?^'^^^^^« -^^/^^J^irin mak nc. people sea-sick
to the missionary families at their summer , is also like a ^J^ P^^j^'^'^i^^ ^ le often eat
home in Abaih, on Mount Lebanon, wears a who ride on ^is back in j i ^^
red tarboosh or cap on his head, a loose jacket, came s fleshy ^^l^^Vive al'"- the sea coast
348
THE FRIEND.
the ten thonsaiuls of tho Bedawin, cam
meat is a cotninoa article in the market.
There is a popular fallacy in the West that
camels are most patient and peaceful and
gentle in their ways. And when they are
tied together in a long caravan, with a little
mouse-colored donkey leading the van, ridden
bj' a long-legged Bedawy, who siis half asleep
smoking his pipe, one might well think them
the tamest and most innouent creatures in the
world ; but when they fall into a panic, they
are be^'ond all control, and then the safest
place is that which is farthest off. This is
especially true in the month of February, for
then they get to bo as " mad as a March hare."
They are what the Arabs call taish, and often
bite men severely. A camel taish in a city
will drive the whole town before him. Wher-
ever he goes, with his tongue hanging down
and a foaming froth pouring from his mouth
as he growls and bellows through the streets,
the people leave their shops and stools and
run in dismay.
Still more common than camels, and per-
haps more useful, and certainly more abused,
are the donkeys. In the Bast they are used
not merely as the meanest and most common
boast of burden, but hy officials and persons
of high rank and wealth.
As donkeys have a world-wide reputation
for stupidity, it is eminently proper to set the
Syrian priests ne.xt^in order, for, with rare
e.xceptions they are* marvels of ignorance.
Most of them belong to the Greek Church,
though there are plenty of those who belong
to the Romish and Armenian sects. And they
are not only ignorant, but many of them are
very vicious men. As for ignorance, it is " like
people, like priest." It would astonish a school-
boy to hear of the blunders and lack of knowl-
edge shown by even those who are considered
learned. Comets, eclipses, meteors and all
unusual sights in the sky, are looked upon by
the majority of the people as portents dire and
terrible, produced by some malign spirit, who I
thus seeks to foretell wars, pestilence and
famine. But men and women who have been '
educated and instructed in the Bible, hav.
learned to look with satisfaction and delight
upon these phe'nomena, and by their calmness,
and evident interest, disarm the fears of theii'
less intelligent neighbors.
The power with which Christianity has
taken hold of many hearts in Syria, is a source
of delight and wonder. And they who have
witnessed its efifects are often greatly moved
on seeing how Christians have triumphed
through faith over even the fiercest persecu-
tions. Not a few of the girls and women who
have been rescued by Christian teaching from
long-continued and dreadful degradation"^ have
shown tho heroism and simple-hearted devo-
tion that in every age of tho Church has come
from faith in Christ.
An Arab priest, in the prospect of immediate
dissolution, called upon God to have mercy
upon his soul. His children he gave to one
of the missionaries. "Let him take them,"
said he ; "he may teach them his religion, and
anything he chooses. Ho is a good man ; ho
will bo a father to them ; they shall be his."
Relatives and friends, in that trying hour,
were set aside for a stranger whoso life was
an unanswerable appeal to the heart of an
open {oa.—From ''Syrian Home Life," by
Henry Harris Jessup.
THE INDIAN'S LAMENT.
I go from all my he.irt loves best,
On to the dark Pacific wave,
For the poor Indian ne'er can rest
But in his grave.
From every well-known wood and wild,
Whence every dearest hope was born,
From all that charmed me since a child,
I go forlorn.
My smiling fields where harvests wave,
My peaceful hut I loved so well,
My father's bones and moss-grown grave,
A long farewell.
Thou great good Spirit whom we fear.
Are thy red children all forgot?
Dost thou not mark each bitter tear
Nor heed our lot?
We go from all our hearts love best
On to the dark Pacific wave,
.Vnd the poor Indian ne'er can rest
But in his grave.
WHICH IS YOUR LOT?
■ Some children roam the fields and hills,
And others work in noisy mills ;
Some dress in silks, and dance and pl.ay.
While others drudge tlieir lives away ;
Some glow with health and bound with song,
And some must suffer all day long.
Which is your lot, my girl and boy ?
Is it a life of ease and joy ?
Ah, if it is, its glowing sun
The poorer life should shine upon.
Make glad one little heart to-day.
And help one burdened child to play.
___^_____ —St. Nicholas.
Selected.
SOWING IN HOPE.
' My words are
Like summer
poor and weak," I said ; " they pass
wind above the summer grass.
' To utter them seems idle and in vain ;
I cannot hope to gather them again.
' And yet, impelled by
I must work on; I ha\
deep inward voice,
other choice.
" But oh my words are poor and weak," I said ;
" The truth is quick, the utterance cold and dead."
" Nay, nay, not so !" he answered. " Sow thy seed
Unquestioning; God knoweth there is need!
" For every grain of truth in weakness sown
He watches over who protects his own.
"Though buried long, it shall spring up at length
And shake like Lebanon its fruitful strength." '
He said and left me, while I pondered o'er
The holy truths so often heard before.
And while I pondered, unawares there stole '
A strange, sweet, subtle strength through all my sou
I rose and went ray way, and asked no more
If words of mine had any fruit in store ;
Content to drop ray patient seed, although
My hands shall never gather where they strew ;
Lea^ving the harvest, be it great or small,
dear keeping who is all in all.
In Hi!
Watch ye, stand fiist in tho faith.
J. B. Gough, the temperance lecturer, re-
lates the following incident, which occurred
a. meeting which he held amongst some
slaves in Virginia, in the year 1847.
When I got up to speak, a man stepped
from the foot of the pulpit, and said, ' Before
Massa Gough begins, I want you just to look
at me, bredron. Bredren, hero's a ni<'(Ter
doesn't own hisself. My massa owns me^^e
bought mo in the market-place — paid dollars
for me. Yes, bredren, here's a nigger doesn't
own hisself, bless the Lord I Ah, yes, bredren,
this poor old body of mine, tho bones and the
sinews of this old body of mine, is massa's
slave; but, glory to God, bredren, my soul is
the free man of the Lord Jesus.'
"Ah, there is not a drunkard in Bnglati
can say that. There is not a drunkard •
England can say that hois not a meaner sla-
than the slave who is bought and sold f
dollars. Why? Because he has soM Aiinse
And what does he get? Wretchedness, miser
raggedness, destitution, and poverty. ' Wl
hath woes? who hath contentions? He th:
tarries long at the wine, they that go to seti
mixed wine.' "
Cheerful Homes.
Who can overestimate the importance <|
cheerful homes? From them spring true lovj
and happiness, and virtue. From them q\
forth those who make other homes, whicj
owe muoh, very much, of their comfort, chee j
and real beauty to their predecessors — froi|
which were imbibed the right sort of infli;!
onces and knowledge. .j
If a homo is all it should be, the harbor c)
safety to those reared therein, then, when th
young men and women go from them to fin
and manage other homes, will the results b
evident. Of course, there are exceptions td
this, as to other rules. But causes and effdctj
and means to an end, are natural life expert
euces. ]
And where are the cheerful homes? TheJ
are whore pure air and sunlight are permitteL
entrance daily; where amiability, affjction
and good will are ever rife. Where there is
unity with true accord, and parental authority
which gently but firmly claims, and receives,
due obedience. Where children and youthil
are respectful and considerate, and the family
peace is habitual, not occasional. Above all,
where Divine love glows, and Christian cul-
ture, the grace and strength of all other cul-
ture, continually progresses.
And does the cheerfulness of homes centerl
in themselves, and only affect those imme-
diately concerned? Ah, no I it could not do \
this any more than the sun can confine its]
glorifying rays and beams within a limited i
circumference. The real home, sheds its ligh t j
abroad, in comparison as do orbicular rays j
uminate and gladden homes and individuals
far and near. j
Sympathy, benevolence and charity are j
familiar household words, and consciously ]
and unconsciously the home diffuses its genial
mantle on all sides. Many hearts are rendered
happier, and other homes made brighter, so
that those in turn may thrive for the same
ends, and thus unmeasured good is done.
Cheerful homes! how the very words in-
spire a healthful animation. What delights
are implied. How many memories awakened
and hearts consoled by "reminiscing" over
them. How we like to visit them, and get
somewhat of the gifts they are always boun-
tifully bestowing, — sunny smiles, pleasant
words, and tones, and helpful intelligence,
the fruits of homo diligence and experience.
In the cheerful homes are all manner of
eet and simple devices, for the allurement
of those who might, but for them, stray from
the fold and come to final misery and sorrow.
There will be found every means of ploasant-
which circumstances united to energy
can afford, not the least of which, will be the
eading matter, which, to keep the heart pure
and mind strong and inclined to the side of
virtue, must be of a well selected kind. For
the character of the literature indulged in by
immature minds is a powerful bias towards
tho separate paths of life. There are all grades
I
THE FRIEND.
349
liental food, but there can bo only one di-
.n between the species which will build
that which will weaken a nature,
one should be admitted into the home
ch is not of a directly pure sort. And
idoes not exclude an entertaining and a
;eative species. Oh, if there is one thing
it which parents should be especially
chful over their children, it is the matter
•eading. Guide thern in the '-ways of
saiUness," that their paths be "paths of
;e." Then wherever your dear ones may
n, you have tried to direct them well with-
oheir home. Keep your homes always
5rful, for, in them, are the forces and ex
lences of example and training. A cheer-
lome involves wisdom, understanding, and
jager embracing of truth, humble or mag-
jent, the home in which these barmoni-
y dwell is indeed a cheerful one. — Ep.
order. ^_^__
" For The Friend "
b Extracts from llie Diarv and lelters of Ebenczer
Worlli.
(Oontinned from page 339.)
Bth of 2nd mo. ] 846. Left home to return
Dunessassa. It was quite a trial to me to
'e my now relatives and friends, but I
ik it is because I believe it to be the will
he Lord, whom I know it is my duty and
at interest to serve and obej-, (that 1 make
sacrifice.) Oh! it is a great favor to be
rileged to be engaged in serving so kind
1 merciful a Master; I believe we feel it so
sn we feel as we ought. I was favored in
ling out, to meet wi'th but little hindrance
retting along between two snow storm
.;et a suitable one,
<pend much time on it (myself), I felt much
tried in many respects, at times.it seemed as
if I could hardly bear up. After being at the
post office one day and receiving a letter from
the Committee in which no mention was made
of any one coming out to take my place, this
together with my other trials pressed heavy
upon me ; I could hardly describe my feelings.
Had it not been for the unmerited mercy of
Him who is mindful of his poor unworthy
creatures, it seemed at times as if I would
almost have sunk under them. On my return
home (I think on that day) I came by West
Eudolph. As I came along a lonely piece of
road, my burden (appeared) in a good degree
removed, and I was favored to feel a com-
fortable degree of peace to my much tried
mind. How necessary it is, always to keep
the spiritual eye single to our Divine Master
and endeavor to seek after true resignation
to his Divine will in all things. I believe it
will promote our happiness in time and help
us on our journey to the mansions of rest and
peace.
5th ma. 20th. I have been mercifully
favored of late to bear up under the discour-
aging appearance of things.
5th mo. 30th. Not being well to-day, I
staid pretty much at home; finished writing
a letter to Samuel Cope, and forwarded it;
then went across the river and visited Amos
Thompson,— had a pretty satisfactory oppor-
tunity with him. Feeling a desire to talk
some with a sick Indian girl, that I thought
going into a consumption, I got Amos to
ng liberty to I with the foregoing encouraging feelings, (sen-
was ^ o . -^
go and interpret; she was better, and showed
to Napole"on Seventh-day evening; the jrather an unwillingness to be spoken to about
ither was cold but I did not suffer much | her situation ; it was trying. How necessary
m it; walked to Tunessassa on First-day I it is for us, when we undertake to speak to ^
rnino- was a little hindered by meeting others, to try to know that it is required ot I evening s ^ ^- o
h some of the naives. The river wal'us, and feel after a qual.fication. I have been that this once pre-eminent representative of
fen over, the ce no strong enough to belse^sible that it is our duty to live so near to "New England Transcendentalism" no onger
crossinawithout taking a cSupleof boards, lour Divine Master as to be prepared at any stands in his earlier theological =^t •t'l'le
t putt n° one on the ice then drawing the time to engage in service when He may be Partly through closer and more intima e in
ei?on an'dThovio' it ahead. Hen ry^Gor- 'pleased to Vquire it. The qualification has tercourse with christian believers, partly no
sible) at limes that his strength was sufficient
to bear me up. It is Ho that worketh in us
both to will and to do.
13th. At seasons of late I have felt weak-
ness and discouragements, at other times a
degree of comfort and encouragement.
ist mo. 10th, 1847. I feel a little encour-
aged to write some account of the goodness
and mercy of the Lord to me a poor unworthy
I have been, for a few days past,
favored to feel a renewed sense of his loving-
kindness, which has been strengthening and
encouraging. Oh I for more humility and
faithfulness in serving so kind and merciful a
Master.
18th. I feel undeserving of the great favors
that have been so richly bestowed npon me
for some time past by a kind and merciful
Master, and think them worthy to be record-
ed, and to be long remembered with feelings
of the deepest gratitude. The love that I have
felt to my dear Master has been truly com-
forting. I have been favored, I think, with a
degree of fiiith to believe that if I should live
near to Him, it would not be required of me
to remain in this place a great while longer,
(accompanied) at times with sincere desires
that I might faithfully fill up the remainder
of the time in the way that would be most
pleasing to Him. I feel a little encouraged
to try, although in the past 1 have fallen far
short of what I desired to do.
(To be contiDUed.)
A Notable Night in Boston— A. Bronson Alcott as a
Christian Confessor.
Many a "conversation" in many a city has
Bronson Alcott held, but never in any place
one of the significance and interest of last
For some time it has been known
1 an Indian assisted me. I got home, I 'sometimes to be waited for after duty is
n'k about 11 o'clock; made a fire in the pointed out ; but I think if we keep our place,
>m'l occupied and was glad of an oppor-^it will be given in proper time to commence
lity of sitting down in the quiet. The tirst the service.
ek I spent in visiting the natives, the next 7th mo. 4th. Went down to Freeman
nmenced school, continued it almost two Thompson's, intending to have gone to Oorn-
eks then stopped for making sugar. A. planter's reservation, (but) finding there was
illman moved, after which I felt lonely at|a good deal of drinking at Freeman si spent
rhts Geo. Marth lodged with me a part 'some time with them talking upon the evils
the time. When I was favored to feel love ;of intemperance ; was kindly treated by all
the Blessed Master, and I think I may say except one, who was quite saucy. I returned
lecree of faith in Him, I could lie down in pretty well satisfied in mind.
Hce although alone, depending on the Lord I 8th mo. 9th. I have great reason to be re-
take care of me and preserve me through newedly thankful of late for a very conifort-
'- ' •• '•■' >--^-- - 1---J d goodness
■ is has en-
)rd keep the city the watchman wanetn jaDiea me to spenu uuo uwu ia:,u «v=o.^o to rather
tin vain" [These expressions of our dear better satisfaction, I think, than some pre-
end bring to remembrance some remarks ceding ones. There is a precious reward to
his made to the writer many years after be experienced in living the lite of a Christian
e above date, when at his own home in I am sensible I have suffered loss, and at times
lester Co., having been quite sick and con- great loss, by not living near enough to Him
led to his be! he said in substance, " he who is the Life and Light of the world, and
take care of me and preserve me through newedly tnanKiui oi late lur a ve.j^
B nitrht. " Except the Lord build the house able sense of the loving-kindness and j
ey labor in vain who build it; except the 'of the Lord, to me a poor sinner; this
)rd keep the city the watchman waketh abled me to spend the two last weeks 1
f ;„ ,-o;r, " rThPHPPvnressionsof our dear better satisfaction, I think, than sc
3uld rather die alone, in a cabin out in the
3ods or wilderness, having the Divine Pre-
nce with him, than to die amidst his rela-
tes, with all the comforts of a home, and be
ithout that."]
5th mo. 9th. Through the most part of last
onth my faith was at times much tried; not
iving any tenant on the farm, it began to
) very doubtful whether I should be able to
shunning the cross; may there be an im-
provement in the remainder of the days dealt
out to me. The glory be to Him who is for-
ever worthy.
10th mo. 5th. I think I have been much
favored these last two weeks in being brought
at times to feel a degree of love to God, and
of faith and confidence in Him. The last
week, particularly, I have been comforted
doubt through a guileless following of the
"true light which lighteth every man that
Cometh into the world," he this spring reach-
ed a clearness and positiveness of evangelical
conviction, which rendered it a kind of per-
sonal necessity to declare to others his new
position.
The 14th of 4th month, on the evening
fixed by B. Alcott— the invited guests as-
sembled. Representative men of almost every
type and shade of belief were there— Evan-
gelical, Unitarian, Universalist, Sweedenbor-
gian, and " Free Religious." The eager, yet
diverse, interest with which all awaited the
words of the venerable sage, was something
not soon to be forgotten. ^
Beginning back in early manhood, he spoke
of the influence long exerted over him by the
doctrines and personality of Channing; then
of the formation of "The Transcendental
Club," and his connection with it; then of
his gradually formed conviction that the drift
of that movement was pantheistic ; then of
his later and larger intercourse with people
of orthodox views, and his better appreciation
of them.
This, by an easy transition, brought him
to speak of the great doctrines of the chris-
tian faith, and of his own apprehension of
them. In the course of his remarks, and of
the conversation following, he touched mainly
upon the following points: The unique char-
350
THE FRIEND.
acler of the Ciiristian relii^ion ; the realit)'
and value of diviue revelation; the Trinity;
the person of Christ; the lapsed state of man,
and the atonement. As to the first, he pro-
fessed his faith in Christianitj' as from above,
as the first religion that gave the true know-
ledge of sin, as destined to supersede all other
religions, and to be superseded by no other.
Speaking of the Founder of Christianity, he
thought the overshadowing question of the
age was still, "What think ye of Christ?"
Without using technical names or definitions
he mentioned the Orthodox, the Arian, and
the Socinian conceptions, but at last came
back to the unequivocal admission of Christ's
own claim of oneness with the Godhead. The
atonement was a supreme illustration of love's
power vicariously to suffer for the good of the
loved, but that which differentiated Christ's
vicarious suffering, from all that human love
had ever prompted, making it unique and
world redeeming, was "the oneness of the
sufferer with Deity.''
These statements show how complete was
the speaker's dissent from all Channingism,
and from all transcendental or other ration-
alism, but they cannot show how rich and
hearty and poetic was the vein of his dis-
course. Still less can they give any idea of
the genial excitement of the sharp but friendly
catechisings to which the new confessor was
subjected.
At one point he was almost lost in what
seemed more soliloquy than address on love
as the very essence of God. Apparently to
disconcert him and bring him down to the
level of criticism and logic, a well kno
radical suddenly thrust in the question, "What
is love ?" " Ah, who can tell ?" sighed B. Al-
cott, without a second's hesitation, and with
absolute simplicity he soared on the higher,
actually helped and not hindered by the at-
tempted interruption. Another questioner
tried to make him see the impossibility of
ascribing suffering to a divine person, love
being so essentially and unalterably blessed
that nothing to which love prompts can be
really a suffering. Not the twinkling of an
eye did it arrest him. "Yes, yes, love loves
to suffer!" was his answer, and the epigram
vFas worth a dozen arguments as on he went.
Whatever the agency by which it has been
brought about, this new and unexpected con-
fession of Christ by one supposed to feel no
need of any Mediator, has produced a pro-
found impression in Boston, and wherever
American Unitarianism has gone. — C'/i. Adv.
The visible unity of the Church roots in
the invisible unity. The invisible unity is
spiritual. It is a common life in Christ.
This is the organizing, generating, developing
force in the Church. Without this spiritual
vitality, a Church is a poor, formal, dead
thing. The invisible unity is, therefore, the
great fact. It magnifies Christ. It demon-
strates brotherhood. It supplies power for
growth and conquest. Every believer who
keeps himself in the love of God, keeps him-
self, also, in the communion of the saints. To
be in Christ is to be in his members; for the
life which is in the vine flows through all the
branches. "There are diversities "of gifts,
but the same spirit. And there are differ-
enccH of administrations, [ministries,] but the
same Lord. And there are diversities of
operation, but it is the same God, which
workolhall in all." (1 Cor. xii. 4-6.)— C/i. ^cZi'.
IViitiira! History, Science, &c.
Gathering India Rubber on the Amazon. —
The rubber-swamps are all around, but land
travelling is out of the question. So an In-
dian canoe man is engaged, — a good-natured
fellow, and an adopt in wood-craft. He sets
us across the river at a half-ruined hut, where
bright vines clamber over the broken thatch
and hang in long festoons in front of the low
door-way; but within, the floor is sodden
black clay, and dark mold hangs on the sides,
and the air is like a sepulchre. The single
slovenly mameluca woman who inhabits the
place complains bitterly of the ague which
tortures her; yet year afteryear, until the housa
falls to pieces, she will go on dying here, be-
cause, forsooth, it is her own and the rubbe
trees are near. She will not even repair the
structure. You can see sky through the
roof, but if rain drives in she will swing her
hammock in another corner, and shiver on
through the night as best she may; for to-
morrow there are rubber trees to be tapped,
and a fresh harvest of the precious milk to
be brought home, — <.ind what will you have?
One must expect discomfort in a swamp.
Back of the house the rubber-trees are
scattered through marshy forest, where we
clamber over logs, and sink into pools of mud,
and leap the puddles ; where the mosquitos
are blood-thirstj', and nature is damp, and
dark, and threatening; where the silence is
unbroken by beast or bird, — a silence that
can be felt; it is like a tomb in which we are
buried, away from the sunshine, away from
brute and man, alone with rotting death.
The very beauty of our forest tomb makes us
shudder by its intenseness.
In the early morning, men and women
come with baskets of clay cups on their backs,
and little hatchets to gash the trees. Where
the white milk drips down from the gash
they stick their cups on the trunk with daubs
of clay, molded so as to catch the whole flow.
If the tree is a large one, four or five gashes
may be cut in a circle around the trunk. On
the next day other gashes are made a little
below these, and so on until the rows reach
the ground. By eleven o'clock the flow of
milk has ceased, and the seringueiros come to
collect the contents of the cups in calabash
jugs. A gill or so is the utmost yield from
each tree, and a single gatherer may attend
to a hundred and twenty trees or more, wading
always through these dark marshes, and pay-
ing dearly for his profit in fever and weak-
ness.
Oar mameluca hostess has brought in her
day's gathering — a calabash full of the white
liquid, in appearance precisely like milk. If
leit in this condition it coagulates after a
while and forms an inferior whitish gum. To
make the black rubber of commerce the milk
must go through a peculiar process of manu-
facture, for which our guide has been pre-
paring. Over a smoldering fire, fed with the
hard nuts of the tucumd palm, he places a
kind of clay chimney, like a wide-mouthed,
bottomless jug; through this 6oi«o the thick
smoke pours in a constant stream. Now he
takes his mold, — in this case a wooden one,
like a round-bladed paddle, — washes it with
the milk, and holds it over the smoke until
the liquid coagulates. Then another coat is
added, only now, as the wood is heated, the
milk coagulates faster. It may take the
gatherings of two or three days to cover the
mold thickly enough. Then" the rubber is
still dull white, but in a short time it t
brown and finally almost black, as it is
to the market. The mass is cut from
paddle and sold to traders in the vill
Bottles are sometimes made by molding
rubber over a clay ball, which is then br(
up and removed. Our old-fashioned ru
shoes used to bo made in this way.
Twenty million pounds of rubber, value
$6,000,000, are annually exported from P
in the dry season many thousand people
engaged in gathering it. But the busine
altogether a ruinous one for the provinci
Brazilians themselves are fully aware.
seringueiro, who guns two or three dol
from a single day's gathering, has enougl
lifu goes here, to keep him in idleness f
week; and when his money is spent, he
draw again on his ever-ready bank. — Scrib)
Magazine.
Sleam Generator.— At Sharon Hill, in I
ware County, a new invention is in proce.-
trial. A correspondent of the Philadel]
Press describes it as follows :
In this somewhat secluded shop, from wh
curious intruders are carefully shut out,
"instantaneous steam generator" has bee:
actual operation for four months.
The steam generator consists of a serie
hollow spheres into which water is injei
by pulsations. The instant that the drop
pinges on the hot surface of the steel spl
it flashes into steam and ascends throug
small apcraturo into a "reservoir," wl
consists of six gridiron sections of hoi
steel tubes which lie transversely upon e
other. From this "reservoir" the stean
conveyed to the engine. The water inst'
of being in a boiler under the action of I
is in a tank which can be located in anj^ p
of the building, and if it should happen to
empty through failure to set the pump
motion, no harm could possibly come, exc
that the process of making steam would
stopped, and after the small stock in
reservoir had passed out, the machine ry wo
come to a stand. There would bo no
plosion to give notice.
The "steam genei-ator" now in operat
at the Sharon Hill shop does not occt
more than twenty square feet of floor spt
The furnace burns by natural draft, and i
flame comes in direct contact with the he
zontal gridiron of hollow spheres immediat
above. The six gridiron sections of st
tubes, which constitute the " reservoir," i
at the top. Compared with the space oc
pied by an ordinary boiler, this little furns
shrinks to the dimensions of a kitchen ran.
In sea-going vessels, and in fact whores
space is valuable, the " steam generator," i
proves successful, will have a vast advanti
over the old form of boiler, whether uprif
or horizontal.
Amber and Asphaltum from Vincenttown,
J. — B. Goldsmith reports these minerals fr(
the Ash Marl, a layer above the Green Sai
The mass of asphaltum weighed 100 lbs. t
like ordinary amber, the specific gravity
the New Jersey variety is less than that
water, and it fuses to a mobile liquid. — Pr
Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila.
Insects as Food. — At a recent meeting
the London Entomological Society there w
exhibited a piece of " Kungu cake" from La
Nyassa district in Africa, where according
Livingstone and others, it is used extensive
as foocl by the natives, who manufacture
THE FRIEND.
351
lavLce quantities of a minute insect ; be-
o- 1(1 the mosquito family. It was stated
common lipniipterous insect was largely
n by some of the hill tribes of North-
ern India. The crust of insects has been
in by analysis to contain about 6 per
. of nitrogen, and their ashes show the
enco of phosphorus. — Am. Nat.
ocku Mountain Locust.— At its last session
oress appropriated 810,000 for the com-
ion of the investigation of the Rocky
ntain Locust by the United States Ento-
ogical Commission. The work during
coming sfason will be carried on in Colo
and tbe Western Territories, particularly
h and Eastern Idaho, where the locust
ands each summer, doing more or less
lage. Parties will also be sent into Mon-
i, the main breeding place of the destruc-
swarms periodically visiting the Western
sissippi States. — Am. Nat.
heeding Habits of the Dace.— Standing one
irnoon upon one of the bridges crossing!
and soon after the scale, which is but the car-
case of the once active louse, drops from the
tree. — A. -J. Cook.
THE FRIEND.
SIXTH MONTH 14,
A notice recently appeared in the public
papers, of one of our members having been
brought into difficulty in the State of Dela-
ware, for the observance of our testimony
against hat-honor. On inquiry, wo find the
circumstances were as follows :
He had been summoned to attend the court
at New Castle, as witness in a civil suit. On
the opening of the court, the order was given
for those present to take off their hats. As
he continued to keep his hat on, the crier and
tipstaff both called to him to take it off. He
then left his seat, and went to one of them,
. The
'river in 'this city, a nest of the Dace was [and explained his objections to so doin
•overed in the stream below. It was about crier conducted him to the witner^s room,
feet in diameter, situated in running Uvhere he remained till his name was called.
ter from twelve to fifteen inches deep, and I On again entering thecourt-room, thejudge
tected on the upper side by a small root and crier both ordered him to remove his hat
hich the current ofthe water was broken. jTurning to the judge, he said, "I keep it on
e female would pass over the pebbles and from conscientious motives, considering it
,08it her spawn, while the male stood ready I [uncovering the head] an act of worship due
an attack, and on the approach of an |to the Most High." The judge slill insisting,
ray would dart off like a flash in pursuit he replied, " In my native county of Delaware,
Ithe intruder. When no danger was near, | Pennsylvania, where many of ray people live,
after the bed had been covered with it was not expected, and I was surprised on
n both would proceed up the stream 'coming here to find it was required."
m four to ten feet or more, and taking a
all pebble in their mouths, would quickly
urn and deposit them on the eggs. Sorae-
les but one fish would go for pebbles,
! pther lingering near. Thus layer after
7er of eggs and pebbles were deposited one
on the other. These movements were
itched for two days, when the water be
Judge. " We always require it as a mark
of respect to the court."
Witness. "I intend no disrespect to the
court."
Judge. " I know you intend no disrespect,
but you must take your hat off, and if you
will not, the crier miist take it off for you."
The crier accordingl}' removed the hat.
„.<= muddy from the spring rains, and fur- We see no good reason for the persistence of
er observation was impossible. The cover- the judge in enforcing his ordei-^^ unless there
T of the eggs retained th.-m in their place, lis some law on the subject in Delaware, dit-
dat the same time protected them from I ferent from what prevails in other btules ot
ous
his head in honor
terstices between the p ^, .
iace to harbor the little frv as soon as hatch- convictions, by uncoverin
\ — W. H Gregg, Elmira'N. F., in Am. Nat.\oi any man ; and that ever since it has num
£a;-A- ioMSe.-in the summer of 1870, a large bered among its influential citizens many
iecies of bark louse was common on the 'claiming to be members of our Society, and
Hip trees about the lawns of the Michigan 'bound by their profession to observe its tesu
' ■ ■ . ^ .1 . T _._:„_ o. .1,, „ '-nonies; it seems strange that such a la\^
hould have been enacted, or that it should
long-established practice ought to remember,
that their unfaithfulness adds to the burthens
of the more consistent members, and that if
we do not steadily maintain our testimonies,
the right to live in accordance therewith may
soon come to be denied. Then those who may
be drawn, as our early members were, to a
faithful rejection of ail that is tainted with
evil, maj' be compelled again to contend for
their rights through suffering, as was done in
the rise of our Society.
A similar case to the iiresent one occurred
n this city in the year 1872. From the issue
of our Journal of 10th mo. 5th, of that year,
we quote the following comments, which are
as applicable to the present case as to that for
which they were written :
" Were this extraordinary action in accord-
ance with or sanctioned by any law of the
Slate, it would be a disgrace to the place and
the age, betraying a lingering existence in the
community of that persecuting spirit which
once filled the gaols of Great Britain with in-
nocent Friends, because they would not violate
their conscientious scruples in order to gratify
the pride and unjust demands of cruel and
vindictive judges; and in New England goad-
ed on high professing Puritans to hang minis-
ters of the Gospel of Christ, because they pre-
med to set their feet within the limits of
their jurisdiction, after they had forbidden
them to come."
Since 1872 we have heard of no instance
n these parts, in which a Friend has been
ordered to remove his hat, until the present
occurrence. If the State of Delaware has a
law in force whi<;h authorizes such an act, we
trust it will not long be permitted to remain
unrepealed.
The London Friend for the Fifth Month,
contains a notice of a volume of " Sermons by
Eobert Barclay, Author of 'The Inner Life
of the religious societies of the Common-
wealth,' " edited by his widow. In this notice
it says': — "The sermons in this volume are
not complete, they are little more than notes —
helps towards the arrangement of the speaker's
thoughts before-hand. We feel sure, from
wha" wc have been told by one who heard
some of them delivered, that they give a very
imperfect idea of the earnestness and fores
that often attended Robert Barclay's minis-
try.
^e were they that some of the trees were
iUed outright, and others were much injured.
1 Tennessee these insects seem very common
1 the stately tulip trees of that State.
Wherever the tulip tree lice have been ob-
srved, sucking the sap and vitality from the
•ee there the bees have also been seen, lap-jof taking oft the:
ing up a sweet juicy exudation which isjto others. It would
have been allowed to remain on the statute
book, violating as it does the rights of a por-
tion of its citizens.
There are some of our younger members
who have thoughtlessly fallen into the habit
This seems to imply that R. Barclay was
in the practice of studying out and arranging
the matter of his discourses ''beforehand" as is
done in most ca-;es by those of other denomi-
nations who undertake to preach to the peo-
ple at stated times. It is a practice altogether
inconsistent with the views of Friends, who
have ever believed, as is expressed by his
ancestor, Robert Barclay the Apologist, that
as a token of 'respect [in times of public worship, "The great work
well for these to con- of one and all ought to be to wait upon God ;
Una vp.tiirnins- out of their own thoughts and
- , -, u ,^ 1- isider the <n-ound on which our worthy fore- and returning out ot their own inougais ana
'7^:^XtX.. insect, like all bark iS^^^ t^: truth su«ered^c> sever^^ev^ .ag^
ce, is in L form of a scale ^'^-'J '^PP' ^d jto beatin^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ,„ ,,3 p',,^;,,.
3 the limb on which It works. On the under for declining to give to ^l^^" '^'^'^^ !^''";"L _ everv one is thus gathered, and so
ide is a cotton-like secretion which serves to , honor which they considered ^^^ °"ly/o t^e ' S^"J '^^^^^^^ i„ their spirits, as well
.fold the eggs. Thelarv. whicharehatched^Creator. Jl^i^lu^^ thL the secret
rtue of
poni these crawl about the tree, and finally ' homage to , , , t
.eeks the scale-like form is assumed, and the mejining show. ____^_^ _^^^ ^ ^^ 'LI the accentable worship is kno
bllowing summer the eggs are developed ;
known to refresh
md breathings
rom which,
or praises
Those of our members who depart from our arise, the acceptable worship is known.
rhich
352
THE FRIEND.
edifies the Church, and is well pleasing to
God. And no man here limits the Spirit of
God, nor brings forth his own conned and
gathered stuff; but every one puts that forth
which the Lord puts into their hearts; and it
is uttered fortii not in man's will and wisdom,
but in the evidence and demooatratiou of the
spirit and of power."
We do not doubt that persons may bo
brought under a preparatory religious con-
cern on particular subjects by the Plead of
the Church ; but the true minister of the Gos
pel will have no liberty to cast off his burthen
by expressing it in public till he feels the
right exercise of spirit pr.^duced by a Divine
power, and knows the command given to pro-
claim the Lord's message to the people. When
under this sacred influence, he may be re-
quired to bring forth outofthe Lord's treasury
tilings new or old, — those which had not been
resting on his mind before ; or those whose
weight he had long felt. But in either case,
it will be in the freshness of the present feel-
ing.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— The steamer Illinois, of the Ameri-
can Steamship line, made her last voyage from Liver-
pool to Philadelphia, in nine days, one hour, and five
minutes — one of the shortest trips on record.
A re-survey of the Delaware river, from Bridesburg
to the mouth of the Schuylkill, has just been completed,
The hydrography consists of many thousand soundings,
and the chart, when completed, will give the depth of
water in every part of the harbor; the location of all
the bars and shoals, and the conformation of the shore
line, and the high and low water lines; and will gi'
at a glance the most important information to all i
terested in the navigation of the river.
In order to prevent.future inundations of the meadow
lands in the southern part of the city, it is propose
construct a wall from Girard Point to the mouth of the
Schuylkill. The stone for this pnrpose is to be fur-
nished from the House of Correction grounds; and the
work performed by inmates of that institution. The
wall is to be 40 feet thick at the base, 20 feet at the top,
and 12 feet high, and will be faced with stone two feet
in thickness. The estimated cost $24,000.
The Arabian horses presented by the Sultan of Turkey
to General Grant, on the occasion of his visit to Con-
stantinople, arrived in this city la^t week. The animals
were selected as two of the best steeds in the' imperial
stable, and during their journey have been treated with
marked consideration. They are said to have made
the long voyage without showing any signs of discom-
fort or fatigue, and to be in perfect trim and models of
beauty; are about fifteen hands high, of graceful, well-
rounded, though strong wiry figure. Both are dapple
gray, with soft skin and shiny coat; the manes and tails
dark and very long ; the neck is arched, and the head
held very high.
On the evening of the 6th, eastern Pennsylvania and
New Jersey were visited by a violent thunder storm,
accompanied in some sections by hail. Comparatively
little damage was done in this city, but in the county
many trees were uprooted, and growing crops seriously
injured by the hail.
Severe frost throughout Wisconsin on the night of the
Cth, was destructive to corn, potato-vines and vege-
tables. Heavy frosts occurred on the 6th and 7th,°in
northern I^ew York, New England and Canada. Snow
fell at North Troy, Vt., Sandwich, N. H., and Quebec.
The first flow of oil from the Bradford oil district,
through the Tidewater Pipe Company's pipe, reached
Williamsport last week. The oil which flows through
more than a hundred miles of pipe, is received in tanks,
and its shipment to the seaboard, over the Reading
Railroad, is .about to commence.
It is stated the largest block of granite ever quarried
in the United States, has recently been taken from a
quarry at Vinalhaven in Maine. It is 59 feet long, 5J
feet square at the base, and 3i feet square at the top".
It cost $1700 to blast it and move to tlie shed where it
is to be finished.
The total tonnage of anthracite coal from all the re-
gions for the week ending 31st ult., was .503,136 tons,
or more than double that for corresponding week last
year. Prices are firm under recent advances of about
2-5 cents per ton. The Philadelphia and Reading Coal
Company announces its entire product for this month
is sold.
The iron workers' strike at Pittsburg is estimated to
have thrown out of employment in the iron and col
lateral trades, from 35,000 to 45,000 people, whih
$25,000,000 capital is idle in Allegheny county. The
strike also aflfects iron mills elsewhere, that belong to
the same association.
The Senate has passed the bill authorizing the Dis-
trict of Columbia to issue $1,200,000 5 percent, bonds,
at not less than par, to fund debt now becoming due.
The Senate Finance Committee, by a vote of 4 to 3,
decided to postpone the consideration of the silver bill
till the first Second-day in 12th month next.
The U. S. Treasury has prepared a statement show-
ing that the total reduction of the interest-bearing debt,
from 8th mo. 31st, 1865, to 8th mo. 1st, 1879, when the
funding process will be completed, will be $583,886,594,
and the annual reduction in interest charge will be
$67,203,919. The reduction of the public debt, less
cash in the Treasury, between 8th mo. 31st, 1865, and
6th mo. 1st, 1879, was $729,249,103.
During last month 18,109 immigrants arrived at the
port of New York, against 12,213 during corresponding
month last year. During the twelve months ending
5th mo. 31st, 1879, there were 92,801 ; for the previous
year the number was 71,091.
In New York city last week, 490 deaths were re-
ported. In Philadelphia 274.
Markets, cfec— U. S. sixes, 1831, registered, 104! ; do.
coupon, 107|; do. 5's, 104; 4i per cents, 106 V: 4 per
cents, 102}. -' f
Cotton.— Sales of middlings report-3d at 13| a 13|
cts. per lb. for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 7.4 cts., in barrels, and standard
white 7} a 8 cts. for export, and 9} a 10} cts. per gal-
lon for home use. Linseed oil, American, 61 cts., and
Calcutta, 62 a 63 cts. per gallon ; Lard oil, 47-4 a 48 cts,;
sperm, crude, 77J- cts., bleached winter, 95 a 93 cts.
Flour.— Minnesota extra, $4..50 a $4.70 ; Penna. and
Ohio extra family, $5 a $5.25 ; patent, $7.25 a $7.75 ;
other high grades, $7.75 a $8. Rye flour, $2.87 a $3.10.
Corn meal, $2.40. Bran, $11..50 a $12 per ton.
Grain.— Red wheat, SI. 13 a $1.14; amber, $1.16 a
$1.17 ; white, $1.17. Rye, 58 a 60 cts. Corn, 39 a 44
cts. Oats, mixed, 35 cts. ; choice white, 38 a 40 cts. per
bushel.
Fresh Fruits.— Strawberries, 4 a 12 cts. per quart ;
cherries, 6 a 10 cts. per pound. Gooseberries, $1 a
$1.50 per bushel.
Seeds. — Cloverseed, 5J a 6J cts. per pound. Flax-
seed, $1.40 a $1.45 per bushel. Timothy, $1.45 a $1.50.
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 65 a 75 cts. per 100
pounds ; mixed, 50 a 60 cts. ; straw, 75 a 85 cts.
Beef cattle.— Extra, 5} a 5} cts. ; good, 5 a 5} cts. ;
common, 4 a 4J- cts. per pound. Sheap— 4000 head
arrived and sold at 3 a 3| cts. for common, and 4} cts.
for extra. Hogs, 5 a 5i cts. per lb., as to quality.
FoREias.— Ata meeting of the South Stafibrdshire
Mines Drainage Committee, it was announced that
owing to the debt of £40,000 on the Tipton district, all
the pumping engines would be stopped. The effect of
this would be the flooding of collieries for miles around.
A meeting of all the colliery owners was called on the
Uth, to consider the position of affairs.
The Times of the 6th inst. says, speculation in silver
has apparently run its course for the present. A cor-
respondent informs that during last month 108 new
companies were registered, with a total capital of £7,-
500,000. _ This is something like a revival of joint stock
speculation.
The steamer Faraday, will commence loading the
new French Atlantic Cable on the 10th inst., and sail
about a week later. The shore ends, and Brest and
Scilly connections will be laid first. The Faraday will
then return to the Thames for the deep sea cable, which
is being manufactured as rapidly as possible. The
route for this cable is by the way of Brest, the Island
of St. Prene, off_ the south coast of Newfoundland and
Cape Cod. It is expected the line will be open for
business before autumn.
The British steamer Devonshire, which arrived at
Liverpool on the 4th inst. from Philadelphia, lost 155
head of cattle during a gale at sea.
The total value of minerals and metals obtained from
the mines of Great Britain in 1877, reached £68,281,405,
i: £18,742,960, the v.alue of the metals; £47,113,767
:il, and £2,424,679 minerals.
France and England have agreed to .abstain from in-
terference with Egyptian administration, and will not
equire the appointment of European Ministers, or
Comptroller General, but they will hold the Kh(
responsible for the consequences of his acts.
It is said that Germany has informed Englaed
France that she leaves to them the political part o
Egyptian question, and desires only to defend
financial interests of German subjects.
Official reports from Cashmere say, that it is
sible to exaggerate the distress the famine is can
there. Thirty-five hundred tons of grain are no
transit to the valley of Cashmere.
Intelligence from Irkutsk says, the Amoor river
its tributaries have overflowed. Much damage
been done, an 1 it is thought a famine will ensue.
Solovieff, who attempted the assassination of the (
has been condemned to death.
The eruption of Mount Etna has almost ceased,
flow of lava has completely stopped. The Chambi
Deputies has voted 500,000 lire for the relief of
sufferers by the eruption, and the inundation of the
'The strike among the workmen in the timber ti
which began at Sundswall, Sweden, has now e.xl
to all partsof the district on the Gulf of Bothnia,
ten thousand men were idle at last accounts.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
A Stated Meeting of the General Committee is
held at the school on Fourth-day, the 18th inst
8 A. M.
The Committees on Instruction and Admissions i
at the school on the preceding evening, at 7 o'cloci
The Visiting Committee meet at the school
Seventh-day, the 14th inst.
For the accommodation of the committee, con
ances will be at the Street Road Station on Seventh
Third-day.s, the 14th and 17th inst., to meet the tr
that leave the city at 2.30 and 4 40 p. m.
Samuel Morris,
Philada., 6th mo. 2d, 1879. Cle.
A competent teacher is desired for Friends' Schoc
Crosswicks, N. J., to commence about 9th mo. 1st.
Application may be made to Barto.v F. Thori
Jos. S. MiDDLETON, Crosswicks, or Samuel Allin;
Yardville, N. J.
FRIENDS' SELECT SCHOOLS.
Wanted a teacher for the Girls' School. AppIicM
may be made to
John W. Biddle, No. 726 Buttonwood S
Ephraim Smith, No. 1110 Pine St.
Rebecca W. Kite, No. 459 North Fifth I
Hannah Evans, No. 322 Union St.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Franhjord, (Tmntij-third Ward,) Philadelph
Physician and Superintendent — JohnC. Hall, RJ
Applications for the Admission of Patients maj
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Boan
Managers.
Died, at his residence near Pennsville, Morgan (;
Ohio, on the 19ih of ord mo. 1879, David Ball, in i
82d year of his .age, a member and elder of Hopev'
Particular and Pennsville Monthly Meeting. He -i
firmly attached to the ancient doctrines andtestimorl
of the Society of Friend.s, and although his remo
from works to rewards was sudden, his friends are cc|
forted in the belief that it was his daily concern tol
found standing as with his loins girded and his lifj
burning, so that his account might be rendered w|
joy at the coming of his Lord. ^
— -, on the 5th of 5th mo. 1879, at the residence
Wm. H. Moon, near Morrisville, Bucks Co., Jose'
Watson Hibbs, of Roaring Creek, Columbia Co., I^
in the 79lh year of his age, an esteemed memberi
Muncy Monthly Meeting. Although so remotely si'
atcd,that he was prevented from the regular attendai!
of meetings, he was concerned to maintain our pr
ciples and practices, .as held and maintained by c'
worthy forefathers. In his last illness, which w
short, he was preserved in passive submission to t
Divine will ; not a murmur escaped him, and hecala
and peacefully awaited the close.
, iit his residence in Penn's Manor, 5th mo. 14
1879, after a short illness, Edward Balderston, ag
45 years, an esteemed member of Falls Monthly Me
ing of Friends, Bucks Co., Penna.
'wiLl^i-STiT'pii^Tr^iNTERr ""^
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SIXTH MONTH 21, 1879.
NO. 45.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY. | his/her than the other rooms, and a wooden |
Ice, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum; if notpald pil'-wblock, with a little round roll on topof
$2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged fo
adva
Postage on those sent by mail.
Communication!? to be atidreased to
JOSEPH WALTON,
NO. 150 NORTH KINTH STREET.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
MO. 116 SORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIR?,
PHILADELPHIA.
Life and Adventure in Japan.
; BY E. WARRE^^ CLARK.
(Continued from page 3i6.)
The houses are plain wooden huts with
'iper sliding-doors, matted floors on which
fop\e eat and sleep, and roofs covered with
latched straw, without chimneys, and hav-
ig holes at the top to let out the smoke,
abies were sprawling around on the floors,
• strapped upon their mother's backs like an
idian's pappoose. Sometimes the baby's
3ad was shaved, with tufts of hair left upon
le sides and back of the head ; at other times
le child wore a little red cap, which I used
I think quite pretty until I found it signified
nail pox I I
The "hotel" at Hakone was like most of
le others we stopped at on the Tokaido ; the
ndlord was ver3' polite, and the women of
le house favored us with loud demonstrations
' welcome by uttering a chorus of strange
)unds we could not understand.
Our coolies turned us out of the kangos on
le porch of the hotel as though we had been
I wheelbarrows; and taking off our shoes,
3 all Japanese do on entering the house, we
alked across the clean straw mats to the
mer apartments prepared for us.
Japanese houses are only one or two stories
igh, but cover a great de^il of spac.>, and have
lany rooms, separated from each other by
■ame-work and sliding-duors covered simply
'itb rice paper. All these sliding d>ors can
e thrown open at once, making one large
all, so that from the street you can look
;raight through the house to the garden be-
ind. The kitchen is at the verj- entrance,
3 that in coming in you pass through an
rray of pots and kettle^, and see the women
oiling rice and frying fish over a fire kindled
n the floor, or in a stone fin-place where
jere is no chimney. Unsavory odors greet
ou of unmentionable Japanese dishes, and
ou are glad to escape the noise and smell by
Btiriog to your room, which faces upon a
mall garden ; here j'ou sit upon the floor and
est as well as you can, in the absence of beds.
hairs, sofas, or common comf )rts. My cook
repared supper from the preserved provisions
rought with us in tin cans, and every thing
?as served on tiny little table-*, scarcely a
3ot high, in dishes no largi'r than saucers.
After lea soft quilts were spread upon the
.oor of the guest-chamber, which is one foot
t was placed at the head of the pile of quilts
for a pillow ! When I pia'-ed my neck on the
pillow-block I felt as if I were about to be de-
capitated ; but they covered me with a great
stuff'ed quilt, shaped like .a coat, with arms
two feet wide that flapped over me. Then
they hoisted a great mosquito net, and tucked
the edges under me to keep away the rats!
I wondered at this, until I rolled from under
the net, and found the rats at midnight play-
ing tag over my face ! Nor could 1 drive the
creatures away until I struck a ma'.ch, when
they fled at the light.
The appearance of the Tokaido throughout
this section of the country is splendid ; it is
lined all the way by a double row of massive
and magnificent pines, whose overhanging
branches have shaded the generations that
have journeyed over this road for centuries.
These old trees are among the most pleasing
and interesting features of the whole country,
and I like to hear the wind sighing through
them, as though it were mourning over some
strange and unknown S'cnes of the past.
Passing through the villages so early, it was
a peculiar sight to sec all the hou-<es shut up
-in front, *heir woatber-beaten jsliding-doors
fitting into each other so closely as to make
the svhole town look like a succession of win-
dowless barns.
We stopped at a large tea-house, where
breakfast was served in better style than
usual, and then we reclined on the broad ve-
randa overlooking a garden where dwarfed
trees, miniature mountains, and rippling c is
cades were all placed in an incredibly small
compass. We fed the finny tribe in the gold
fish pond close to the veranda, and then sent
out for " Jin reka shas," or man-power car-
riages, and resumed our journey southward.
The ■' Jin rekasha" is a two-wheeled vehicle,
more than twice the size of a substantial baby-
carriage, and is usually drawn by two men.
One man gets into the tliills, the other runs
ahead with a rope. Both are finely tattooed
with pictures pricked into the skin with ink
of various colors. These pictures arc similar
to those seen on Japanese fans, but are more
elegantly e."iecuted. These fellows are very
strong, aud I have often had a single pair of
them carry me forty miles on a stretch ! They
vyiiuld stop every throe hours lo eat rice and
refresh them-elves; in this way they would
run a whole day without showing signs of
weariness.
The little carriage has a cushioned seat and
short springs, but in going down hill where
the road is worn rough from the rains you
are liable to be bounce i out if not very care-
f.il. Should a storm come up, you are pro-
tected frotn the wet by an oiled silk top drawn
up over your head, completely covering you ;
thi-ough a little flap y"u can look out at the
storm and see your coolies with dripping
straw coats splashiug through the mud.
The long journey drew to a close as we ap-
proached the suburbs of Shidz-u-o-ka Several
turbulent rivers had been crossed in flit-boats,
prop died by bamboo poles, and now the last
relay of Jlnrekaihas hail bjen given up, and
we found ourselves entering the city, mounted
upon jet black Japanese poniei sent out to us
by the local officials. Th3 directors of the
Scientific School met us some distance down
the road, and bade us welcome.
The Buddhist temples usually occupy the
most picturesque sites, enshrined among thick-
ly shaded groves, and secluded from the noise
and bustle of the large cities. Approaching
them through an avenue of trjes, or ascend-
ing the hill-stopo, j'ou may see their massive
roofs, carved pagodas, and huge bell-towers
rising abruptly through the green foliage.
The very atmosphere of sacred solitude sur-
rounds them.
In one of these temples I was destined to
live during my first year in Japan. With all
its heathen rites and pagan darkness, I yet
learned to call it ray home. Under almost
the same roof with me were the priests of
Buddha and the idols, befjre whom incense
was continually burning, filling the house
with fragrance. The grounds of the temple
«oven^l several acres, and contained nearly
a dozen buildings. Some of these were tem-
ples, others were small shrines, and the cen-
tral building was a temple and dwelling com-
bined. Here most of the worship was per-
formed by day and night, and here I lived.
Several massive gates led into the grounds.
Under the largest stood two grim warriors,
carved in wood and painted plaster, measur-
ing fifteen feet in height, anil holding giant
spears, bovvs, and arrows, with which to guard
the sacred portals of the temple. Colossal
pines shaded the walks, and bamboo groves
skirted the hill side. To the left stood a Bud-
dhist cemetery on the terraced slope of the
hill. A great bronze bell in the tower tolled
solemnly and slow, with a deep booming
sound, ever}' evening when the sun went
down. The priests were very polite, and sent
me fresh tea raised in their own garden, and
bo.Kes of eggs and sponge-cake. I thanked
them, sent them some preserved peaches, and
invited them to attend my Bible class!
In fact I had a Bible-class, even in this
stronghold of heathenism, with nothing to
interrupt e.Kcept the noise of the gongs and
the pagin worship of the adjoining temple.
On the very first Sabbath,* at the request of
many of my brightest pupils, I explained the
teachings of Christianity to as earnest and in-
telligent a body of young men as it was ever
my privilege to address. They listened for
more than two hours to a careful presentation
of Christian truth, warmly thanking me at
the close, aud giadly accepted a copy of the
Scriptures, which I gave each one of them,
[* The First-day of the week — improperly termed
Sabbath.}
354
THE FRIEND.
]M'omi9ing to study the chapter assigned for
llie next Sabbath.
The happiest memories I have connected
with my long exile in the interior of Japan,
are those of the hours regularly spent with
my Bible-class. The eagerness with which
the truth was received, the affectionate grati-
tude manifested by all who attended, the
solemn assurance which the Divine Spirit
gave of his presence, and the consciousness
that I was presenting Christ to those who had
never known Hira, but would soon rejoice in
his salvation, filled me with awe and yet with
enthusiasm, and gave an unction to my words
far above the secular teachings of the week-
day lecture room or laboratory.
Of the difficulties experienced in presenting
spiritual truth to minds entirely unaccus-
tomed to it, and through a strange language,
I need not speak ; but all obstacles wore gradu-
ally overcotne, and the students would write
me grateful notes during the week, asking
questions on the subject discussed, and usually
closing with short exclamations like the fol-
lowing:
"These are golden truths you are giving
us, and they satisfy the soul," said one student.
" I have got very great important points yes-
terday, of which you have spoken to us from
the faith," wrote another. A third wrote,
"Alas! my grandmother has died without
knowing the greatness and glory of our God,
and the comfort of the blessed Gospel of our
Saviour Jesus Christ."
(To be continued.)
" For The Friend."
Watch over the Tender lambs.
" Train up a child in the way he should go, and when
he is old he will not depart from it."— Pro. xxii. 6.
Various and important are the duties and
obligations resting on the children of men in
their daily walks through life, not only in
observing a proper care in their temporal pur-
suits, to "provide things honest in the sight
of all men," but also in maintaining a close
adherence to the governing influence of the
" Spirit of Truth" in each of their hearts, that
ability may be afforded to " go in and out" in
an exemplary manner, in the presence of
those with whom they " have to do."
How great is the necessity that parents,
and those having the care of the young and
rising generation, should keep their proper
places, both by example and precept, in order
to be successful in the right training and in-
struction of those over whom an all-wise Prov-
idence has placed them. Very injuriouseffects,
it is feared, are often produced on the tender
minds of such, by their being habitually di-
rected or reproved, in a mood of impatience
or boisterous tone of voice. Whore this is
the case, a similar disposition is begotten, and
fostered in the children, which is not onlj' pro-
ductive of a feeling of resentment and dis-
regard towards their parents, but also of a
selfish and overbearing manner of communi-
cation amongst themselves. As " like begets
its like," so they, in speaking to each other,
will partake of the feeling, and imitate the
tone in which they are accustomed to being
spoken to by those in authoritj' over them.
What a contrast appears between families
thus trained, and those who are nurtured
under the discipline of love and mildness, and
the continual attractive influence of kind
words! What beauty and excellency there
is in a spirit of meekness, gentleness, and love,
combined with dignity and firmness in the
government of a family. Whether encourage-
ment, reproof, or restraint becomes the line of
duty, these " weapons are mighty" and effect-
ual, through Divine assistance, "to the pull-
ing down of strongholds" of sin and tempta-
tion in the hearts of the dear children.
The responsible station of a delegated shep-
herd for the training of souls for a neverend-
ing eternity, is an awfully solemn one indeed.
Oh that there might be an earnest seeking,
'^ first for the kingdom of God, and the right-
eousness thereof," humbly trusting in the
merciful promise that "all things necessary
will be added ;" that the Lord might be sought
unto early in life, and found to be "a present
helper in the needful time" before the respon-
sible place of parents and guardians over pre-
cious souls, should overtake them. In the
commencement is the time, while the " twigs"
are yet young and tender, that a qualification
for " bending" them aright is so essential, and
specially important; for an opportunity then
lost, may be lost forever : once pause and con-
sider— but one life to live — but one family to
train — no second ti-ial on a mistaken course;
and the accountability great and sure; and as
"it is not in man that walkoth to direct his
own steps aright," how great the necessity to
trust in the Lord, and daily seek his presence
and aid ; for how can any know a preparation
for training up the " lambs" entrusted to their
care in the right way, except they have first
learned to walk in the right way themselves ?
No stream can rise higher than its own foun-
tain head, so neither can parents rightly in-
struct their children in spiritual things, unless
they have known something of the qualify-
ing operation of the Spirit within themselves.
" VVithout nfe," said our Saviour, "ye can do"
no good thing ;" how then is it possible that
anj' can be capable of directing others in that
"strait and narrow way" which themselves
have never yet walked in or known ? Where
ience keeps pace with knowledge," and
depart from it;" but also to appreciate
experience the truth of the kindred laiigu;
" He that would train up a child in the \
he should go, must first go in the way
would train up a child." ]
5th mo. 3fst, 1879.
Redemptioners. — In a recent number of ]
ney's Progress is a sketch of the life of Al
ham Peters, who is now living and enjoy
a competency at the advanced age of 88 y\
near Millersville, Lancaster Co., Pa., wh
contains an incident which took place
Chester about seventy years ago. In tb
times the poor Germans who wanted to cc
to this country but had no money to pay tl
passage, contracted with the captain o
vessel, so that he was allowed to sell tl
into servitude for their passage money,
these people were called Kedemptioners.
the time above referred to, Abraham Pet
father was in the habit of hauling grain fi
Lancaster county to Wilmington, Del.,
on one occasion, as he was going there,
sister requested him to buj' a small Gern
girl from a vessel for her. The vessel stop
at Chester. So after he had disposed of
grain he mounted one of his horses and
to Chester. He went on board an emigr
vessel, and as he spoke German he was s>
surrounded by a crowd, each one request
to be bought, as they preferred to get
families where German was spoken. He cal
the captain and made known his erra
The captain told him he had two small
phan girls on board, their mother hav
died on the voj^age. He asked forty doll
for the two ; but as Peters only wanted c
and could take but one on horseback
him, the captain said he would charge twen
five dollars for one, and if he sent him a p
baser for the other he would give her
fifteen dollars.
He describes the scene when these two
phan girls were parted as most affecting.
I, I
the Spirit of the Lord is felt to be near, how j he assured the remaining one that he wo
easy it then is to perform known dut}', but in | try and find her a good home. Before pan
the absence o{ this, how utterly impossible. the girls were going to divide their dead
Trust in the Lord with all thy heart, and 'ther's effects, but Peters would not allow tl
lean not to thine own understanding," is a
beautiful and wholesome pointing of duty,
and worthy to be heeded in all our move-
ments ; therefore, ye who are yet in the earlier
walks of life, with your interesting little flocks
around you; be humble; be watchful; be
earnest in you
you
as he assured them that Katy, the girl he v
taking with him, would find plenty, and ihej
fore insisted on the other keeping all exc
the clothes that Katy was wearing. Ag
assuring the captain that he would try a[
find another purchaser, he started for VVi
... _,„„. searchings after good, that [mington, and was soon on his way hor
^ou may feel your spiritual strength renewed He had proceeded but a short distance fr(
in times of need ; ever remembering that "the Wilmington, when he met a Quaker gent
Lord is good," and very near to those who man and his wife driving to town. The laj
"diligently seek him," and will reward for'sawthe girl, and admiring her, stopped a
every rightly directed effort. Eemember it I wanted to buy her. But Peters told her tl
is written that "the little foxes spoil the 'he had bought the girl for his sister, and thej^j
tender vines." Keep near t« that which will
hold in check the proneness of natural affec-
tion to indulge ; and enable to watch carefully
over these — the early buddings of a relish for
forbidden things; that which fosters pride in
the heart, and mars the tender begettings
there.
Oh that parents would more seriously con-
sider these things; that they would dwell
more inward; and more sensibly feol their
great rcsponsibilitj'. That they would more
earnestly seek to know the way of Truth for
themselves, and thereb3' be brought not only
to feel the importance of observing the wisely
written words, "Train up a child in the wa}-
he should go, and when ho is old ho will not
THE FRIEND.
355
families, which were kept up long afier
girls were free. When Katy had served
, her time and arrived at the proper age,
was married to a worthy baker in Phila-
phia. These incidents illustrate how some
jur early settlers carae to this country, too
)r to pay their passage, but they were
lest, industrious, and of good habits, and
lir offsprings are scattered through the
tern counties of this State, composing some
our most prosperous and respectable fami-
1, — Jeffersonian.
For "The Friend."
letlcrs of James Emlen.
(GoDtiaued from page 341.)
[)ate omitted. * * * "I should be very
,d to attain to more evenness in my course
t to bo unduly cast down with desertion, or
at ease by favors received. I remember
ne Friend in high esteem, after passing
■ough a season of close proving, remarked
a fetter to a Friend, that she had found
oles and corners' she had never thought of
1 such I can truly say has often been the
je with me — ao that I could say indeed 'all
r righteousness is as filthy rags.' But such
Dvings lead us to appreciate more highly
s dear Saviour's righteousness with which
I seek to be clothed. It not only teaches us,
tthe repetition of these trials, we may hope,
II Sfttle us in the uniform habit of mind of
eribinc all praise where alone it is due.
lot un'^o us, not unto us, O Lord! but unto
y name give glory,' &c. It is a great thing
be thoroughly delivered from self in all his
dden as well as open appearances— to die
ito ourselves and to be renewed in the life
righteousness. It is a state I fully believe
and I hope aim after, but am very sensible
lacking yet. * * * To be members of
e same fomily with those who have gone
;fore us, and to be gathered home with them
the end, would be the height of my desires,
I the mean time it may be wise in us to
lerish a willingness to fill up all our measure
' suffering, mentally or otherwise, for our
(vn and the body's sake. We can hardly ex-
act to abound in the present condition of the
lurch, and if we can but possess our souls in
itience, it may be as much as we can ask
ot doubting if this is done we shall witness
reservation.
" I have been reading dear Samuel F other-
ill's Memoirs, and although I have read por-
ous of them before, I did not know they
rere such a treasure — so rich and instructive,
leading, latterly, has not been so much rel-
ihed as feeling; I have known a state that
ould not live upon the labors of others— must
ibor for myself or starve— but reading this
?ork has been reviving; he seems truly to
lave grown up to the stature of a perfect man
a Christ ; but oh ! what a view it gives me of
Qyself! dear man, he had been forgiven much
,nd therefore he loved much."
* * * " I retained those letters to let
Lnne sec them— she was a good deal affected
vith reading dear Susan's remarks about the
OSS of her little Francis, and I have no doubt
)he was favored to feel congenial emotions,
accepting the dispensation as ordered in best
Wisdom. 1 thought when reading it, what
■avor to have such a friend as thou had in
Susan— so artless, and yet so ardent, as well
in her friendship as her devotion : both pro-
ceeding from the Fountain that is inexhaust-
ible. I often fear that my life has been one
of too much profession in a religious way —
too much for the fund of grace within, and 1
have much desired, if this has been the case,
that I might be preserved in future— pre-
served from being more in show than sub-
stance. Such, I believe, was not dear Susan
— one of the many hidden ones, who are as
the ' bone and sinew' of the body, the church,
and who though they may now be esteemed
as 'the last,' will be found among 'the first'
in the end, when the secrets of all hearts are
revealed. * * * Dost thou not think it is
very important that we know what it is to
' Take counsel of the Lord and not of man, in
these fearful times? how much, even of the
welfare of souls, may depend upon it!"
" 8th mo. 22d, 1853. — It has been a strength
to me in the prospect of going with -- — , to
find 80 many appearing to unite with it.
When the thought first glanced through the
mind, it was, as it were, a dark cloud ; but I
found by watching it, the darkness passed
away, and ended in a pleasant little shower
of humble and peaceful resignation ; but I
thought as 'he who believeth maketh not
haste,' I might safely leave it with Him who
I have no doubt often brings his followers to
this point, as a trial of their allegiance.
Finding, however, after it had passed the
(Quarterly Meeting, that no one had yet of
fered, I felt most easy to inform ho" '"-
matter had been
h
For "The Friend."
Youii? Frieiid.s at Watering Places.
The season is now approaching when many,
n search of health or pleasure, visit some one
of the numerous mountain or sea-side resorts
in this part of the country. With many of
those that do so, it is a matter of necessity,
to seek relaxation from business cares dur-
ing the summer months. Among those thus
obliged to leave their homes for a short period,
are many young people ; and it is to these I
would venture to suggest a few considerations
connected with this subject.
A large number of the class I address, when
they visit such a place, are introduced into
the company of a great many strangers, whose
education and manner of life have been totally
different from that of the young Friend, who
suddenly finds them to be his or her com-
panions for a few days or week^. They are
often fiishionable people, who, by their actions
show, that they think wealth, fashionable
attire, and worldly pleasures are indispensable
to true happiness. The amusements that
they indulge in may be right for them; but
it is not so with the young Friend who has
been taught otherwise, and on whom accord-
ngly rests a greater degree of responsibility.
Unless he is very careful he may (almost un-
consciously perhaps), partake of the spirit
^ ^„ thejthat animates bis associates; and there is thus
th me, and since then 1 1 danger that when he returns home, he may
ave continued to feel peaceful. When it first [have acquired a di.^-elish forthesimpleramuse-
nre^nted it felt as a little offering that was ments which he had previously delighted in.
more needful for myself, than it was for dear! lie may have permitted himself to receive
or those to whom she may be sent, and i impressions that will ripen into a distaste tor
I only crave that I may be preserved from serious things; and a desire for a more worldly
oniy Lia e j ^^^^^^ ^^ ^...^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ neither prove an ad-
vantage to himself or his friends, nor yield
him one whit more of genuine pleasure than
he had known before.
Young people at summer resorts occasion-
ally attend places that they would ^
ne small nsnes rciuaiumg .mi^uso" "■■• ""j- "■ r --, , ,
is a "reat deal of noise and outward hurtful at home, persuading themselves that
ion in^the Christian world, but the an- 'having such an opportunity to see gayety
. only crave that i may
doing any harm to the cause, and be enabled
to hand the cup of cold water in the true
pirit of a disciple. It has indeed felt to me
very much like the time referred to when
there was nothing but a ' few barley loaves
and some small fishes' remaining amongst u
There
profession ... v — ^ . , r r \
ointed eye must see that if all the chaff— all | and the fash
except the solid wheat were sifted out, IMle'hun them this once, and no one need
would be left-and yet that little, with the anything about it. They forget that
divine blessin- may be sufficient ; and there- 'influences which are not desirable at one
fore our faith "must not be in the wisdom of, place, are equally detrimental to their good
man nor in the multitude of words, but in the kt another; besides, they are freciue'itly ob-
iWency, simplicity and humility of the served by others when least suspected. They
Truth Use f and the Jower of its operation. may thereby induce some of their friends to
It is often a comfort to me to think of thy forget their responsibility as members of «-
of life, it will not
know
.„..„-Ous Society that professes the necessity
of keeping " unspotted from the world."
It is a great cross to be brought into con-
tact with intelligent people, who yet cannot
derstand the motives inducing Friends to
filling the position thou dost, though thy con-
stitution is feeble, yet it is not upon our own
strength we have to rely. He who said, ' 1
profess unto you I die daily,' said also, ' I can
.In ill ihino-s throuffh Christ who strength-' .- , ,
eneth me.' ° A deep%ense of our own weak- adopt a plain dress, an ^--fZ'^l^J^: V^^i
ness is entirely consistent with a lively faith and the simple language of the bible, but 1
^n divine hel J and power. This I have no have observed that while they may not ap-
doubt thou hast mercifully experienced- predate the reasons, they will generally re-
more of thl experience is what we all need, spect those who show they do so from principle,
n .,1 to nhide under and not from a desire to be peculiar. On the
'°' I w's sorry to learn from — , that thelother hand, when they see youthful Friends
boys' school is more unsettled than usual. Oh ! altering their conversation to suit their com-
for something to reach and subdue the un- ipany, or ridicuhng the distincivetestimon.es
toward spirit'of our too thoughtless youth ! of the Society, they cannot fail to think there
howsad to thinkofsuch liberality-such un- is nothing in these testimonies, or else se-
common favors of many kinds being bestowed Icretly pity the individual who proves himself
upon our children, and they not appreciating 'ashamed of them. ^^iax-nhl^
them' It feels to me as though it was time There are many healthful and enjoyab e
tnem.. _. . . o, „ 'ways of passing the time at a summer iwort;
and there is such a thing as properly indulging
___^ in the attractions that such places attord,
Patience is an important requisite to a holy ' without violating either the moral or IJivino
life— Upham. laws. The chief thing is to bo watchful, and
lest all our labor should be in vain.
356
THE FRIEND.
this state has to be maintained everywhere ;
but probably nowhere more than in society
composed of men and women, bent on plea
suros, and relief fiom the cares of life. Those
who raaintuin their watehl'uluess through the
inevitable temptations that accompany water-
ing-place life, will, when they return home,
feel a patisfaciion in having done so. They
will realize, that having kept to the cross
under unfavorable circumstances, they them-
selves have been preserved from evil, and
from brinj^ing even a shadow of reproach
upon the Society of Friends.
The Eoer- Watchful i^V — T^ooking from my
window one day, I saw a little boy in the
very act of putting out his hand to steal some
flowers. Ho seemed to be quite unconcerned,
as though he had never been taught how
wicked it is to steal; but, catching sight of a
pair of eyes looking at him, he qiiickly dre
back his hand, ashamed and frightened, and
ran off. As soon, however, as he thought him-
self out of sight, ho was doing the same thing
again, and, there being no one near enough
to prevent him, gathered as many as he
wanted and went away.
There are, I am sorrj' to saj', many who,
like this child, are bold and forward in doing
wrong, when they think no one is near to see
them, but tremble with fear and shame if they
find any one has been looking on. They ate
perhaps very careful to make sure that no one
is near to see them, but they forgot to look
on high, where God's throne is, and from
whence the Bible declares, " His eyes behold,
his eyelids try, the children of men."
" God is in heaven ; can He see
When I am doing wrong ?
Yes, that He can ; He looks at thee
All day and all night long."
I have heard of a little boy who had learnt
of God's all-seeing eye. He had a wicked
father, who compelled him one night to go
with him when about to commit a robbery.
The father, when he arrived at the spot, was
very cautious to look everywhere round about
to make sure no one was near to see him, and,
being satisfied there was not, would have com-
pleted the theft, when his little boy said,
" Father, there is one place where you have
not looked." The startled father excia
TEARS.
It is raining, little flower,
Be glad of rain,
Too luncli sun wi'uld wither thee,
'Twill shine again ;
The clouds are vary black, 'tis true.
But just behind them shines the blue.
Art thou weary, tender heart,
Be glad of pain,
In sorrow sweetest things will grow,
As flowers in rain ;
God watches, and thou wilt have sun
When clouds their perfect work have done.
Selected,
On being asked after a religious meeting if there were
any strangers there ?
Yes, the stranger of Gallilee stood at the door
While our spirits were gathered within,
We knew his sweet mien— He had been there before.
And we joyfully welcomed him in.
Then He looked with an eye of most merciful love,
On the few he had drawn to the place;
And the incense seemed fresh from his dwelling above.
As he breathed forth his heavenly grace.
For his presence so rested on each softened heart
With an effluence truly divine,
That the smallest and meanest partook of a part,
And longed on his love to recline.
And they felt in the silence and awe of his might.
That the holy Baptizer was there ;
That John had departed indeed from their sight,
But a greater had come to declare,
That as never man taught, must his lesson be learned,
'I'hat his fan is to cleanse ns within.
His fire — a reprover that secretly burned,
His laver — a washing from sin.
Oh we long that his lesson, of life-giving power
May rest on our spirits as dew.
That oft it may please Him, that worshipping hour
In mercy and love to renew.
Then no guests from afar will be needed to tell
Of the fount, or the mountain of prayer,
For deeper by far than Samaria's well,
the fountain of life that was there.
borders of the desert.
w. u-uo.T' '.lit"'" '"i , "";,""""?'^; tl'em on some former occasions,
Wliere, child? '; Up in the sky," replied f^m the Arabic BibI
the hoy, "for God is always looking at us."
The would-be thief was so much affected at
hearing this truth from his child's lips, that
he was obliged to give up his wicked inten
tion.
Eemember this, my young readers, that
God's piercing eye sees everything we do ; and
I desire you may be made to look up when
tempted to do wrong, and consider, "Thou
God seest me." And God's cj'e not only sees
all we do, but looks into our hearts and sees
all our thoughts, for his Word says, " God
searcheth the heart." — Ep. Recorder.
An Oar. — The necessary union of prayer
and work is well illustrated by an anecdote
of Dr. Macleod. He was on a' highland loch
one day, when a severe storm arose. He was
a large powerful man, but his companion was
very diminutive. The danger was so immi-
nent that the good doctor proposed that they
should all engage in prayer. The chief boat-
man, who was tugging with all his might, re-
plied: "Well, well, let the little ano gang to felt the vo
Self-Riglileousiiess.
Mary L. Whately in her book entitled,
"Among the Huts in Egypt," relates a con-
versation which took place during a visit she
paid to some poor Bedouins in Egypt on the
She had met with
ead to them
and endeavored to in-
terest their feelings in the subject of religion.
She says: "The pariy are by no means
prepossessing to the eye, it must be owned:
they are exceedingly dirty and miserable-
looking, and one or more has always bad
eyes, and the grandmother certainly never
can have become acquainted with soap and
water during the whole of her life; nor is
the seat offered to their visitor inviting, as it
consists of an old goat's hair cloak spread
over the rubbish outside the huts. However,
the welcome was, as always, hearty and
cheerful; many were the inquiries after all
the mission family, the school, &c., and, finally,
a new babj' — a little brown atom, rolled up
in a curious medley of rags — ^-as introduced
to me, and I was requested to take it in my
I, of course, ciimplied, not forgetting
arms,
to utter
dren to be quiet, we began the reading, wh
I endi-avored, as usual, to make as easy
possible to their ignorant minds, by select
the jjlainest portions of the gospel."
'■ W hen I spoke about all men being sin
the blind man gave a grunt, which plaii
showed he did not approve the doctrine ;
fact, his self-righteousness has long been, a
believe, the stumbling block that hinders
accepting the truth. ' But, Suleyman,' I ss
■if you don't disobey one of God's comman
you disobey another; if a man, for instan
doesn't steal but tell lies, or if he doesn't t
lies but gets into a passion, is he then no
sinner?' 'Well, that is true,' he allow.
' Does not the little child, as soon as it c
speak, be^in to show sin by anger, by selfii
ness, and other things?' 'Yes, yes, indee
the mother interposed, and the "rest nodd
in agreement, while I went on to try (not )
the first or second tinie) to show them h(
greatly we needed a Saviour, since we we
sinful and could not save ourselves. 'No
Suleyman, do you know any friend who wou
die for your sake ?' I said at last. He ga
a short incredulous laugh as he replied, 'IS
no, lady ; no one in the world would do tha
'I suppose no one would care so much i
poor blind Suleyman as to give his blood f
hissake?' 'No, truly; noonel' he repeate
' Yet that is just what our Lord Jesus did,
Suleyman ! He died, as I often have to
you, that all sinners who believe in Him ai
trust Him may be saved and forgiven, ai
ade happy for ever in heaven. You hea
this from me before, and from all of us, b
perhaps you forgot it, or else you did n^
understand that it was for you, as well :
others, that our Lord came to die. It is h
Spirit that sends me to speak to you, and te
you these things !' ' Wonderful indeed !' saij
the blind man. ' Ay, it is wonderful ! Trull
God's love is very wonderful ; and yet yd
don't seem to believe in it. Some will sa;i
you can be saved by yonr own good deedsi
others by fasting and pilgrimage ; others bl
the prophet: none of these really believe i'
God's love. It is only Ho who can save usi
'Praise God!' ejaculated Suh'yman. 'Ab
but it is not saying that which will save yot;
brother; it is not sped king, but believing God
word, and giving Him the heart.' i
"The woman (his sister-in law) now inten
posed, and said, 'Sitt M., I will show what !
mean by a parable' (or example; the word i^
the same in eummon Arabic.) 'Suppose
she continued, 'that I did not love 3-ou — it i
only a story, you know, for I love you trulv
— but suppose you were a kind lady, and ye'i
still I did not love you, from something in
my heart; if my heart was hard — how shall
I say it; but you know. what I mean — what]
then could I do ?'
" ' I see,' said I; 'you mean that you can'
ove God because your heart is hard by nature
like this,' and I tapped on the great stone
water jar that lay beside me ; 'is that so ?'
"'Yes, yes I' she cried, striking the jar
'that's it; stony I'
" 'Then, dear sister, I have a word from
God exactly for you 1' I said ; 'only listen,
"rora
blessing in the name of God aloud,' I and then I quoted, as well as I could f
so that the mother might have no fear of ihornemory (for I had not a whole Bible with
evil eyo ! me), the text from Ezekiel, ' I will take away
" ' Have you brought the book ?' then asked the heart of stono,' &c.
thooldblindwomai). 'Oh,yes, heroitis.' She "' Ah, that is good indeed,' she said ; 'it is
ringers, and revo- sweet"
pi ay, but the big ano maun tak' an oar." Ireutly kissed it; then, commanding the cbil-i "Now, why I wrote down this convert
THE FRIEND.
357
(which is given exactly as it took place,
somewhat abbreviated) was, that self-
teousness being deeply ingrained in all
lems, it was exceedingly rare to hear any
val like this."
To the same.
" For The Friend "
Extracts from tlie Diary and letters of Ebenezer
Worth.
CContinned from page 349.)
6th mo. 14th, 1843.
ear friend, Jos. Elkinton : * * * It is
easy to forget tho-e we sincerely love —
1 whom we feel that precious unity which
jeedeth from the true and living Vine. I
lot remember that I ever felt stronger de-
i for the growth and prosperity of my
p friends in the ever blessed Truth, than
tve since I have been separated from them,
le, nor distance, doth not diminish that
jious love which proceedeth from the in-
austible Fountain of all good. 1 trust I
e been favored to feel something of it at
68, and feel bound to acknowledge great
been the merciful dealings of the blessed
3ter with me since I have been here. I
pretty comfortable, and at times have
n made to rejoice. My '-sittings," although
ae, have been comfortable and strengthen-
. 'l have had the company this morning
fames Bucktooth, who 1 thought a promis-
Indian in best things.
In sincere love I remain thy friend,
Ebenezer Worth.
the same.
7th mo. 20th, 1843.
In the last letter received from Thomas
Evans, he mentioned that thou wast indis-
posed. Since receiving this information 1
have often thought of, and felt much sym-
pathy with thee ; at the same time I feel com-
forted in the belief that thou knowest unto
whom thou should look for help, and upon
whom to lean in the day of trial— having
tasted and known in a good degree that the
Lord is good, I hope thou may still in un-
merited mercy be favored to feel his life-giv-
ing presence to be with thee, which can ad-
minister help and true consolation in all our
trials, and cause that all things shall work
too-other for good. Oh ! that we did but love
preaching of Paul. Ephesus was in an up-
th mo. 19th, 1843. | roar, and Athens was moved. They said at
Thessalonica, 'These that have turned the
woild upside down are come hither also.' I
hear the apostle saying: 'Thanks be unto
God, which always causeth us to triumph in
Christ, and maketh manifest the savor of hia
knowledge by us in every place.' How suc-
cessful was the loving John in winning souls
for his Master ; and with what power did
Peter preach while the Holy Ghost fell on
them which heard. We know but little about
the earlier centuries, and yet the names of an
illustrious few have been handed down to us
who shined like stars upon the darkness of
the world. What power was given to St.
Ambrose ! See the multitudes that gathered
ing we she
•it, although far separated in person, a., v.
inity which isinour
■Under the preaching of Luther
experience .h«prec,o.,s»n.).wh»h^ • ^^^ ^,1 „^,.,,^„
ble,.ed M«''r','!'',S'?,"' "'f mm °?.ho"ld Enrope wa» a^iUled. Dnder ibe preaching
being engrailed '»'» Hin,. " H"» >" Z^Z <>' " »■ " ""'•'■ "" '"""»""■»" «>'»'» "">
Si "tif;^ diL^LTo :«tl ;sr;:i Sof s»u..d, .. ws,. ., ».de i« ,..».
win how
.,^1, it>orio niitn lite- 'It lie bail nearii iiogers uruiiun oin^.. the house
to take h
Kursir oS;h=Robt S;;ti;M; lea:!thei;-awn tears; and he told me that he him-
rhinking it would be right for me to ac-
Dwledge the receipt of George Williams' at Uonins' since our u-ieuu.v,^,.^.„^^^^ ^^^ got out, and was i
ter, 1 thought I would write a few lines to nay "sittings'" have nearly ^'^^'^^f "^^^^^ ™ to be gone, he was fain to hang a quar-
,e, and as ''an excuse for '"y,"otwrU.ng refreshing and com ortin^.™^^^ ^-^^ ; „,, „,ek of his horse
,r; frequently, while I have been favored, to the school '',\^°)'i.f P''"g'^;J\'.V 'holars i seeping before he had power to mount, so
unmerited niercy, to feel tliat precious ove for some time, I h'^.^^'^'^S^j;^,'^,, tmet?me I si ange^was there an impression made upon
i unity to and with my dear friends, (the|on Fourth daj-s, when 1 have ^ee" sometimes ^ generally, upon the people.
igious Society of which I am a member) | surprised at the quiet °>-d^>; >' ^ehavioi of the him a ^j^^ ,,>,', ^,,titudes that attended
d°to thee my dear friend particularly so, I child.-en. Before 7"1'°'^"7J/ ,^^^7/h";"! the preaching of a Whitetield, and the longer
ve felt my time is not my own, that it vvould felt so weak 1 would J;)^^. J.^^, S'^^^^ I'^l ' ToJnned ministrations of a Wesley. See how
; best for me to feel after that tnie qua. faca- 'felt excused from sittng with t^^^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^i,..,^ to its very
n, and to attend to my duties in this place ; a one desinng 0°]^ ^f ''i ^"^P^^;^,,^' "^^been foundation-how the colliers from their sooty
d at times have felt so poorly qualified, that vine Master ; but I think 1 have aUvaj s oeen ^^^^^^^^ ^^_^^ ^ ^.^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ streaming
id 1 had time, it would have been a trial to Batisfied after g'vng up [^J- ^,„'bers eyes to the words of life, and how the rabble
3 to commence writing. As I have been I would be sorry that '^".V^ o"-^ ^^.^^^'''^ ^ ^he commons, though like wild beasts in
welling over the reservation I have otten should come here without hrst feeling it o be ^ lawlessness, were tamed and sobered
ought of thee, and how thou must have their proper place, if it ^' « th^ w II ot t^e ^ he^^^^ ^^ .^
•t in the early part of thy services in this Master to send one, I should be glad ot some
ace thinking thy trials were greater than help; but after all, all help and strength
ine,' and can easily believe that nothing but cometh from above
sense of duty was the cause of thy eontinu-
s hero so long as thou did. I have also
ten thoughtof my friend Robert Scotton, and
various trials in this place; and have
louo-ht, were it his proper place, it would be
eas'antfor me when I return home
the
In sincere love I remain thy friend,
Ebenezer Worth.
For "The Friend.*
J. F. Hanson Organizing Friends' Meetings in Denmark.
LETTER FROM J. F- HANSON.
Dear friend Daniel Hill :— A few days after
our last account those professing with Friends
at Veile and Horsens were called together
'and an organization effected by holding a dis-
trict meeting, combining the functions ot a
':.':yrs:t:a^:r"U;^;rc£;f?b^^>boj.ec^™p^™or
The
nTngVto have his company and at tildes joined illustrations o|u.».u..--.-^"^j^^--^^^^ Meeting. The meeting was es
.8 ad?.ce and assistance; notwithstanding, that it is the l'"'!^^^^ Th,t whLvermay tablished to be held quarterly, alternating at
ncere desire for our dear friend is that changethe heart oilman '^Jlhat^^'^hoe^^jr may ta^^^^ ^^^ ^^,,^^,^ and will exercise care over
Society in Southern Denmark. The meet-
was a blessed season from the Lord. As
liat, 1 neiieve, is Luewu.j l-.^.v, .. ^..^ .-^ .„„,.. .„^,. y -r - , ■ , . , f thnse'Fnends know but little of order there were
f„r.„n.er.,. .^ it 1^- ",,y^,be Ma,..„,.bMd_ a^bie^
linary care in the churches. Two of each sex,
the most suitable, were appointed overseers,
who will exercise the functions of caretakers
and feeders of the flocks in their respective
meetings. Eleven new members were re-
vived, mostly young, earnest people who
; sincere d sire for our dear friend is that change the heart of man ; that whoeve may .au
> call another-or a man and his w,fe,-I ; whom He prepares and sends forth as laborers
.^m1,i ho .rl-iH nfsocictv and help, but can say into his vineyard. „ . . ,. > i
Hi, bles's^d wilT be done." Our time and | " This endowment of the Spirit, this holy
His blessed will be c>^n _^^_^^^ ^^^^ .^ is a' baptism, has remained with the Church in all
.isappl? them, therefore Ijages. With what power d,d the apostles^tve
^ «nr one come, except as witness to the ri-surrection ot Christ! How
'society was revoluiionized, and the very cus
ilents are of so much impo
srious thin
o not wish'to see any one come,
ent by the Master,
■"'»'• '""■■■''L'.t«rl„„. lr:^,l'rt''S:v%1:c.r"re:S\ttSb;';."co=Ve;;;tV.l-arewiiiing.obe.r
358
THE FRIEND.
the rjiliculo incumbent upon a decided fi)l
lower of Christ in this land. Among the-<e in
a family vvho had been a-sociated among th
Baptists for thirteen years (but na members),
who could not quite accept the Baptist teach
ing of immersion. When they heard our ex
position of baptism of the Holy Spirit they
accepted the truth with all readiness and
seem to be perfectly at homo among Friends,
Many precious meetings were held at their
home a little out of Veile. Friends have also
hired a comfortable room in the tnwn for th
regular meetings. We fe.l thankful for the
abiding evidence of deep and substantial work
in that vicinity that the Lord will cherish
with his own blessing.
We held a few meetings at Horsens where
a very few members reside, who, together
with some attenders, hold a meeting in a pri
vate house. After a sis weeks' stay in those
southern places we moved our quarters to
Eanders, some four hours north from Veile.
Four members have resided at Randers for
some time, and some others who claim to hold
■with Friends for a while after E. and A. Cow-
gill passed through here. They metlogether,
but the non-members being unwdling to bear
their part of the responsibility, the meeting
soon collapsed. We began holding public
meetings for the exposition of doctrine, and
private meetings in houses for experience and
personal efforts. The latter meetings have
been much blessed. Some have found Christ
and others a better experience of purity' of
heart and holiness of life.
We have no hope of building up the Society
here or any where else on the foundation that
not a few stand on. They are able to see all
the faults and crookedness of the existing
state church, and at the same time have no
foundation of saving faiih or practical holi-
ness of life for themselves. We meet these
wherever we go, and sometimes it is harder
to get them out of their security than to
waken the open sinner.
A prominent family who had long opposed
all organization, yet professed to be much at-
tached to Friends, did at last see the necessity
for good order and government. They gave
their names for membership. We believe this
will break down the barrier which ha-* stood
in the waj' of others. The membership is now
ten at this place, with several others who will
attend the meetings. We may hope they will
be able to hold meetings to the honor of truth
by the divine blessing which is promised. We
also held three temperance meetings in Ran
ders, the first of the kind that had been hold
there. Thirty signed the total absiinence
pledge and have begun work to counteract
the widespread and desolaung blight of in-
temperance oveiy where prevailing.
Looking over our stay of three weeks at
the last named place, we cannot say that we
moved the whole town, for the people seemed
to be much more interested in theatres and
amusements than anything else, and like
every other military rendezvous, a military
glare blinds the people, so they see but little
else than what pleases the eye and ear. Yet
we feel the Master has owned our coming and
stay at Randers, and many souls were glad
and praised the Lord for what they had seen
of his loving care. We left the place with
reluctance, having become much attached to
the dear ones left to struggle in the battle for
the Lord.
Reaching Aalborg yesterday, wo were met
by our dear friend Lassens, at whose house
we are stopping, and where we find an open
door to go in and out among the people. IBut
fe.v can underMtand the different privation
we labor under in reaching the people, and so
little conijenial association. It takes very
few days to take off the novelty of a visit to
a place. We become the observed of all ob
servers, and various opinions pass upon us and
our work. Some say they tell the truth, but
we must not own it; others say they ouijht
to be -toned ; others say they praise God for
sending us. Pray for us.
Thy friends, J. F. and A. Hanson.
Aalborg, Denmark, 5th month 7, 1879.
— Christian Worker.
Ri'ligious Items, &c.
At the recent Yearly Meeting of "Hicksito"
Friends of Philadelphia, their discipline on
the subject of temperance was altered by the
introduction of the following clause — "Friends
are earnestly entreated as far as their influ-
ence extends, to prevent the sale of intoxi-
cating liquors as a beverage, and not to sign
applications to license inns or taverns for that
purpose, and when any of our members do
sign such applications, it shall be considered
a violation of our Discipline."
The subject of establishing a Boarding
School under the care of their Yearly Meet-
'ng for the education of their children was
considered and referred for attention to the
next Yearly Meeting.
The same course was taken with a com-
munication from Illinois Yearly Meeting pro-
posing a conference of all their Yearly Meet-
ings to be held once in five years or oftener,
for united labor to advance the cause of
morality and kindred subjects among men.
Presbyterian General Assembly. — At the late
meeting of this influential body, the Com-
mittee on Bills and overtures reported upon
the resolution condemning the act of church
members attending theatres and operas. At-
tached was the following resolution:
Resolved, That, in view of the increased
attendance of church members at the theatre
and opera, the Assembly bears earnest and
solemn testimon}' against this practice, as
'nconsistent with Christian dutj', since it not
only gives countenance and support to an
institution justly described by a former As-
iimbly as a school of immorality, but is in
tself spiritually hurtful and tends to obliterate
the line which should alvvays be plainly visi-
ble between the followers of Christ and the
world.
The committee also reported the following:
— That the General Assembly, believing that
the practice on the part of Church members
of reading secular papers on the Sabbath day
is alarmingly on the increase, and believing
also that it is a grievous injury to the per-
sonal piety of the readers, and a serious ob
staclo to the cause of Christ in every corn-
unity, would deprecate the practice, and
would urge upon all who love the Lord and
desire the spread of His Kingdom in the
world, to refrain and to do all in their power
to discountenance it.
We are glad to see these testimonies to
practical religion.
D. L. Moody recently said in Boston, that
the Christian life was a battle, lie started
with the idea that after he was converted all
he had to do was to fold his arms and "float
rht along into Heaven." But he soon found
that the Old Man was not dead in him, t
the flesh still lived, and that the world
the devil were yet alive. From his experie
and from careful reading of the Bible he
learned that when a person is converted
has only enlisted; the weary marches,
hard fights, the wilderness, the deserts i
the mountains are all before him.
Reformed Episcopal services have b
opened at Peterborough, England, and
ral clergymen of the Anglican Church hi
applied to Bishop Sugden to be received i
the Reformed Church. N^ew openings
almost constantly occurring.
Sleepiness in Church Cured. — Under this ti
a writer in the Primitive Christian, publisl
at Huntingdon, Pa., in the interests of
German Baptists, recommends those afflic
with drowsiness to cultivate an earnest
ligious concern for themselves and others,
to engage in much domestic labor bef
meetings, and on such days to eat sparinj
and of simple and easily-digested food.
The timeof summer thunder-storms is ag;
at hand. This year, as alwaj's, one set of
holders will rush to the door or window ii
lofty mood of pleasure, regretting only tl
they cannot stand on the mountain-top a
be in the midst of the grand battle of
elements. Another set, as always, will ca
fully shut the doors and windows, and se^
in the middle of the safest room in the hou
to banish the terrors of the storm witho
There will be some cowardly souls amonj
the first, and some brave souls amon^
second; for physical boldness is by no mer
synonymous with moral bravery. Be co
ageous in body and soul if you can, but nc
forget that the two lie on widely separai
planes. The best use that can be made
physical courage is that of a tj'pe and a p
tern for something higher.
Natural History, Science, &c.
The Starling. — Curious Instinct of the Bi}
— I i-eceived the enclosed from John Oldha]
of Maresfield. It seems worthy of recordi|
as an example of perseverance under diffic'
ties: — "I have been this summer on a vi|
to a dear friend (J. D. Bell) at Totterid'
Park, Herts. He has a large school of ov,
100 boys, consequently a very large establis'
mont, and the daily receipts of letters ve'
arge; he had to send about a mile for Ij
letters, so he obtained permission to have'
"etter-box fixed in his park-paling, at i^
nearest point to the house (about 150 yard;!
the posttnan passed this point, and it is (
the side of a large shrubbery of many yeai
rowth. The slip outside the rails was abo
six feet high, and of course the box for tl'
etters was a large square one, about eighte('
nches by twelve. During the first week
ts being put up (this spring), twice each da
the letters were fetched, and each time a do
ble handful of small sticks and straw w
thrown out of the box, which was attributi
to mischievous boys on their way to 8cho(
After two or three days a messenger was sei
round to the house with two letters found (
the road, next day several more, and th
rubbish continued to be put in the box, s
though twicj a day thrown out. The lette
being found on the road, caused J. D. Bell
set a watch for the boys, but none were seen
go near. Next morning the rubbish had be(
put in the box in larger quantities, a nest pi
THE FRIEND.
359
ne corner and a blue egg. Now, of course,
starling was found out; she continued
y to add to the number until five, then
imenced setting, and for several days a
;e number of letters were thi-own upon
' as she sat, the box door opened and the
ers taken uwaj-, but she never left her
t as they took the letters off her back.
) passer-by on the road must have dis-
ered her, for one morning a stone was
id to have fallen and broken the eggs (no
bt a mischievous boy) ; the stone was
)wn out, and when they went to clear the
; they found pho was covering the broken
IS with flowers, dog-daisies, and primroses,
a few days she formed a nest in another
ner and laid four eggs. These were like-
e broken and covered with flowers. Then
ither corner, and three eggs. These were
ken with stones dropped in, and the same
cess of covering up with flowers. Then
fourth corner, she laid two eggs, and to
e her from the outside enemy we cut her
iece out of the door. Here she was for a
le safe. She sat, and had two young ones;
en nearly ready to fly, he heard a great
earning, as from the letter-box; he ran to
and caught a boy 'jabbing' with a stick
ough the outside slip, the mother extend-
; her wings to protect her young^one
led and the other slighily injured ; the old
d was much bruised ; she flew into a large
lar tree just over his head, while he took
3 young one into his hand and stroked the
tthers into shape. After some minutes it
ir into the tree to its mother, when the
se of a great quantity of starlings assembled
the tree was astounding, quite deafening,
ire was the rejoicing over the one saved." —
'.nd and Water.
Platinum Vessels.— One of the most inter-
ting objects in the late Exhibition at Paris
18 the collection of huge platina vessels and
gots, the manufacture of which marks one
"the most valuable steps in the progress of
B industrial arts. The preparation of sul-
uric acid, the cheapness of which is so im-
Ktant a factor in the productions of the
mist, is largely dependent upon the use of
;atina concentrating vessels, which are now
.•educed of a eize hitherto unknown.
jBenjamin Silliraan in a recent notice of
ime of the objects exhibited at Paris, says:
(Formerly boilers or stills of platinum of
rge size were used, costing from 81.5,000 to
50,000 each, more frequently about $20,000.
ut this very considerable amount of capital
(Cked up in these costly vessels — of which
fveral were required in each large acid works
rwas in the old manner of construction at-
inded with a comparatively limited produe
on of acid. Now, by a very simple modifi
ition in the form and mode of using the plati
am boilers, their cost is greatly reduced, and
le daily product of concentrated acid at the
4me time very much increased. The new
oilers are rectangular in shape, with corru-
ated bottoms, which offer extended surface,
ath additional strength and evaporating
ower. By the new system of manufacture,
ntogenous soldering of all thejointsis accom-
lished by the oxy- hydrogen blow-pipe, and
his work is done so neatly and completely,
hat the eye detects no trace of the lines of
nion.
"One may see to-day in the Exposition in
'aris, the ci-ucible now used for the fusion of
)latinuni on a
X large jets of Hare's compound blow-
pipe. The special apparatus exhibited is a
block of chalk, of the Paris basin, about a
yard long by a foot broad, and divided hori-
zontally into two equal halves. In the upper
half are the jets, placed equidistant along the
length of the ingot mould, each provided
with its pair of gum-elastic gas tubes and stop-
cocks. The ingot mould proper is fashioned
out of the lower half of the block, and its
cavity is capable of holding an ingot of 250
kilos, (quarter of a too) of molten platinum.
"The pile of beautiful, lustrous bricks — big
as common house bricks — of platinum, fused
by the oxj'-hydrogen blow-pipe, is a sight to
enliven the eyes of those who remember when
the fusion of a globule of this metal as large
as a pea was considered a splendid class room
experiment."
Rare Platinum Metals.— T\\q same writer
of grinding, mixed vvith dry atmospheric air,
produces an explosive compound, and though
it is not so easy to demonstrate that a mix-
ture of coal-dust and dry air brings about the
same result, it is highly probable that this is
the case. Certain it is that by combining
with these two an exceedingly small quantity
offire-damp, the entire compound burn ■) freely,
and it is never safe in coal mining to assume
that there is a complete absence of this dan-
gerous article. The remedy for this is ex-
ceediuicly simple, and this is to sprinkle the
road and pathways in the mines plentifully
with water. It is believed that in several of
the English mines, where severe explosions
have occurred of late, the failure to take this
precaution was the chief cause of the disaster.
Telephone. — It is stated that at Mansfield,
O., an elderly woman, a devoted Christian
and regular attendant at church, who has be-
from the
says: " Platinum is a metal found in the gold come an invalid, has a wire stru
washings wherever alluvial gold is found, but church to her bedroom and fitted with the
usually in very small quantity. In the Russian
of the Ural and in Siberia, it is found,
however, in considerable abundance; occa-
sionally in nuggets of twenty pounds weight,
or even more, but usually only in grains and
flattened scales, associated with gold and with
certain other rare metals, familiarly known
as the platinum-metals, with which the plati-
num is also frequently alloj'ed. These metals
are chiefly iridium, osmium, rhodium, ruth-
enium, and palladium. The native alloy of
iridium and osmium is familiarly in use for
pointing gold pens, for which its remarkable
hardness and unchangeable nature particu-
larly adapt it. Fine specimens of this indos-
mine are found in the gold washings of North-
ern California and Oregon, associated with
platina, but the quantity is not very con-
siderable. It is with delight that the chemist
sees in the exhibit of Johnson, Malthey & Co.
large masses of these rare metals in a state
of great purity, obtained by them in the pre
paration of a chemically pure platinum from
ts crude state. For example, th^re is a cubi-
cal block of pure ruthenium weighing two
(about 4J lbs.) the product of the treat
mcnt of about ten millions of dollars' value of
platinum, and itself valued at, 40 OOJ francs;
ke mass of pure iridium, fused by the o.xy
hydrogen blow-pipe ; and the same quantity
each of rhodium (fused ingot), osmium, and
palladium (forged ingot.)
"But more extraordinary for quantity is
the mass of pure palladium, weighing 65J
kilos, and valued at 260,000 francs. This
mass is composed of a great number of smaller
masses, each representing a separate melt,
and simply agglutinated into a large com-
posite ingot, to obtain which about 125,000,-
000 francs' worth of native gold and platinum
were worked over. No such mass of this
curious and rare metal was ever seen before.
"Palladium has about the same value as
gold (a little more), and is as yet too rare a
metal to play any important part in the arts.
Nor has it the beauty of gold, although it
has certain physical and chemical properties,
which give it a scientific value."
Theory as to Coal Mine Explosions. — Recent
investigations into the causes of explosions
in coal mines have developed a new theory
as to the origin of many of them, which is
plausible enough to draw to it the attention
of all who have any thing to do with the
necessary appurtenance of a telephone. Last
Sunday morning and evening she listened to
the Chureh service, receiving every word dis-
tinctly, though on her couch half a mile dis-
tant.— Cti. Adv.
THE FRIEND.
SIXTH MONTH
The religion of Christ leads its followers
to seek to promote the physical, moral and
spiritual welfare of all mankind. It opposes
war. slavery, intemperance, idolatry and super-
stition. Our memb.TS therefore naturally
look with much interest on all efforts aimed
at the removal of these evils; and rejoice in
the suocess which attends these eff irts They
feel disposed to lend a helping hand to those
engaged in this moral warfare, and to enter
the field as colaborer.s, zealou.sly striving to
help forward ihe good cause.
But we hold peculiar views of the spiritual
nature of true worship, of the need of a Di-
vine call to the work of the ministry, and of
a fresh bestowal of help from on High for
every fresh exercise of ministerial labor, and
of our dependence on the Lord's power and
help for any spiritual benefio to be conferred
by us on others. These views were divinely
opened as we believe to our forefathers in re-
ligious profession ; and have been firmly held
by all faithful members of our Society from
their day to this. They are in part recog-
nized by many Christian professors of other
denominations, but not generally so fully and
strictly as by the Society of Friends. Hence
it follows that in the efforts to improve man-
kind made by these, there are nearly always
some features in the methods adopted which
a true Friend cannot sanction. However he
may desire the end in view, he cannot do that
which would be evil to him (with his views
of religious truth), in the vain hope that good
may flow from it.
We believe that Friends always make a
mistake when they undertake to do the Lord's
work in a way that is inconsistent with the
doctrines He has given them to believe and
uphold. Nor have we any faith, that the re-
sults of such deviations from a strict uphold-
ing of our original principles, will ultimately
be^'found to have promoted the spread of the
Die now usea lor Lue ,u„u.. .. ..anagement of collieries, H is a well known Redeemer's kingdom. Though some good
lirge scale by aperies of five fact that the dust of flour when in the process | may appear to have been ettected by the.r
360
THE FRIEND.
labors, yet wo believe more valuable fruits
would have beeu produced, if the labors had
boon regulated by a conformity to our princi-
ples.
Several recent communications have called
our attention to this subject. One of these
is a letter from England, which speaks "of
the singing and other formal acts, such as
the opening prayer in the schools," &c., in
"the temperance and mission work carried
on by active members" in that country. This
letter however gives some encouragement, by
adding, that several of the attenders have
been made uneasy with these practices. It
would be greatly to the benefit of these, if
that which has made them uneasy should
draw them into a real and deeper work of
religion in their own hearts, so that they
might become firmly established on the blessed
Saviour through experience of his transform-
ing and re;jeneraling power in themselves.
This would remove all confidence in any ef-
forts which were not felt to be under his di-
rection and guidance, and would prepare and
qualify them for red usefulness in his cause.
and to
gines were
flames quickly extended to other buildings,
sels at the wharf loading with oil. En;^
promptly at work, and were chiefly effective m prevent
ing the spread of the fire, being unable to control that
which had gained strong headway, and which continued
to burn in different parts of the works for three days.
Five vessels were bu rned, some of these partial ly loaded
The entire loss it is thought will approach $500,000.
Henry S. Ryder, U. S. consul at Copenhagen, in his
last dispatch to the Department of State, transmits a
translation of a very interesting lecture on "Dairy
thrift" in Denmark. The lecture was delivered before
the Royal Agricultural Society of Copenhagen. It ooi
tains the results of some e.^periments in making butte
of value to dairymen. The Royal Treasury contributed
16,000 crowns toward the expenses of the experiments.
The economic lessons of the lecture are deemed especi-
ally valuable in these hard times among the agricul
tural people. It is printed in the Danish language
the translation is in manuscript.
The first Mormon convicted of polygamy since the
passage of the act of 1862, was sentenced at Salt Lake
city on the 14th inst., to two years imprisonment, am
pay a fine of $500.
Advices from San Francisco state, the work in th.
sub-drain of the Sutro Tunnel is being vio-orously
pushed forward. Although three quarters of the work
IS completed, 500 miners and carpenters are still em-
ployed. It is expected the waters from the flooded
mines will be discharged into the tunnel on contract
time, the 29th inst. This time is looked forward to
with interest by the whole mining population, as mark-
ing a new era of prosperity for the miners of the Corn-
stock Lode. Since the water flooded the Sav.age and
adjacent mines four years ago, the lower woi>ks have
remained submerged. A few weeks pumping it is
thought will free the mines of water, and the work of
extracting ore commence.
The Treasury Department is now ready to fill orders
tmPl'f^ named-having recently J:;f f^nllll^nstll l^'ui^n^^Sd b^S^
trom fleasant Plain Meeting." cured on orders. '^
A notice of Salem Quarterly Meeting, Iowa,
published in the Christian Worker, says: "A
small body of Friends organized another meet-
ing to be known as Salem Quarterly Meetino-
of Friends, which was held on the same days
that our meeting was. The ministers that
went with them were Harvey Derbyshire and
Job Smith ' "
removed
From another source we learn that this
meeting will be in connection with that at
Bear Creek, which separated from the main
body of Iowa Yearly Meeting, a year or tw
since. We had previously known that at
Salem, as well as in other parts of Iowa, some
of the members had ceased to attend the meet-
ings because doctrines and practices were
introduced at variance with the original prin-
ciples of Friends.
It is often claimed that the excitements
and novelties which have given oifen
concerned Friends, are merely inciden>8 at-
tending a true revival of primitive zeal and
earnestness. We desire to be preserved in
the spirit of charity, but we cannot admit
this e-xcuse to be any justification for au open
departure from the principles of our profes-
sion, still less for au attack upon them. There-
fore, when a person professing to be a minis-
ter among Friends publicly states in one of
its meetings (and that in language more gross
than we care to repeat), that the writinii-s of
our early Friends had caused the everlasting
destruction of many of those who had read
them, we do not believe that such a person
ought to be either a minister or a member
among us. When such abominable sentiments
are allowed to be expressed, without an open
disavowal of them by the officers of the meet-
ing (as we are credibly informed was the case
at this same Salem), it is no marvel that
honest-hearted Friendsshould withdraw them-
selves and their families from exposure to the
influence of such teaching.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — Isaac Halftown, chief of the
Seneca tribe of Indi.ans, died on the 12th inst., aged 90
During a heavy thunder-storm which passed over
this city on the 11th inst., one of the buildings at the
oil works of the Atlantic Refining Company, at Point
Breeze, was struck by lightning and set on lire. The
The returns to the Department of Agriculture ind
cate an increase in acreage of cotton of two per cent,
over last year, but the average condition of the crop is
not so good. Reports from the Pacific coast indicate
the wheat crop considerably above an average, whilst
from most other sections, the prospects are below an
average. Drought has been more or less severely felt
in all parts of the country.
Several sections of our country have been visited by
severe storms during the past week, which have up-
rooted trees, demolished buildings, and seriously dam-
aged growing crops. An eye witness of the recent ter-
rible storm in Kansas .says, the cloud from which the
wind and rain seemed to come, was in the shape of an
immense inverted funnel, of a dark bluish color, and
seemed to be continually whirling and grinding within
Itself. The funnel appeared to float along with its bowl
close to the ground, occasionally bounding high in air
and almost disappearing for several seconds,''when it
would again drop to the earth. When it thus leaped
into the air, whatever was upon the earth under it was
lelt unharmed.
The deaths in Philadelphia during the past week
were 128 adults and 111 children, 43 of whom were
under one year of age
The annual rate of mortality, according to the most
recent weekly returns, in Calcutta was 34; Bombay 37
Madras, 29 ; Paris, 29 ; Geneva, 25; Brussels, 20 ; Am
sterdaiu, 27 ; Rotterdam, 31 ; The Hague, 27 ; Copen
hagen, 29 ; Stockholm, 28 ; Christiana, 23 ; St. Peters-
burg, 43; Berlin, 24; Hamburg, 30; Dresden, 23-
Breslau, 31; Munich, 40; Vienna, 34; Buda-Pesth,
41 ; Rome, 21 ; Naples, 31 ; Turin, 25 ; New York, 22 ;
Brooklyn, 20 ; Philadelphia, 18, and Baltimore, 14.
A further decline in the volume of exports, and an
additional increase in importations, as compared with
last year, are the main features of last month's returns
ot foreign trade to this port. These are regarded as
^igns of home prosperity.
Markets, ifec— U. S. sixe.s, 1881, registered, 104^ • do
'=o^P«'^J07§y^ 5's, 1881, 103J ; 4* per cents, 106^; 4
Cotton.— Sales of middlings at 13J a 132- cts. per lb
tor uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum.— Crude 7 cts., in barrels, and standard
white 7,i a 7i cts. for export, and 9J a 10| cts. per gal-
lon for home use. Linseed oil, Gl a 02 cts. for Ameri-
can, and 62 a 63 cts. for Calcutta ; Lard oil, 42 a 53 cts •
sperm, crude, 77J cts., and winter refined, 90 a 93 cts'
per gallon, '
Strawberries, 5 a 12 cts., as to quality. Cherriej
12 cts. per pound. Gooseberries, «1 a $1.50 per bi'
Flour. — Minnesota extra, medium and fancy, I
a $5.25 ; Penna. do. do., at $5 a $5.50 ; weslern do
$5..50 a $6, and patent and other high grades at
$7.25. Rye flour, $3,124. '
Grain.— Wheat, Penna. and southern red, $1 !
amber, $1.16-} a $1.17; white, $1.18. Corn, 401
cts. Oats, mixed, 39 a 40 cts. per bushel. j
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 70 a 80 cts. pe '
pounds ; mixed, 50 a 75 cts. ; straw, 85 a $1.00 pel
pounds. I
Beef cattle were dull, and prices ranged from 3 '
to 5J cts. per pound, as to condition. Sheep, 3| !
cts. Hogs, 5 a 6 cts. as to quality.
Foreign. — The Parliamentary committee's n;
on electric lighting says, sufficient progress has '
made to encourage the belief that electricity has at'
portant future for illuminating, and as a source of
chanical power. The electric light, even in its pn,
state of development, may be advantageously use.'
large areas whether open or closed ; but it is not s'
matured, as to compete with gas for domestic purpi
The committee, therefore, does not recommend
legislation for applying the light to private purpi
but does recommend that no legislative restricticl
allowed to impede its further development. It
siders that for light-house purposes, the electric !
has established itself, but does not consider the evid
proves that electric lighting is economical as corapl
with ga.s. J
The creditors of the City of Glasgow Bank havi
ceived a dividend of 6s. 8d. in the pound, and an
of 3s. 4d. is promised, making 10s. in all, or one
of the claims.
ullion in the Bank of France has been incre_
steadily during the last two years. Le Temps acco
for the large proportion which silver bullion has of
assumed, partly by the regulations as to discoun
hich places the bank at a disadvantage with its (
petitor.s, and partly by their competition, and in
also, by its cellars being a refuge for the depreoi
silver.
On the 14th, the Senate at Versailles discussed
bill providing for the return of the Chambers to P
The President of the Council supported the bill.
Government, he said, would be answerable for the mi
tenance of order. The Minister of Public Works f
a rejection of the bill would be tantamount to
confidence in the Government. The bill was
a large majority.
The Prince of Orange, heir apparent to the thi
of the Netherlands, died in Paris on the morning of
11th inst., in the 39th year of his age.
From an account published by the French Mini
of the Interior, it appears the number of French
jects who are leaving their country to settle abroa<
reducing year by year. The total number of regi;
emigrants, in 1877, was 3666, in 1876, 2867 in
4464, in 1874, 7000, 7500 in 1873, 9500 in 1872.
What is said to be the largest bridge in Europi
expected will be completed next year. It will o
the Volga in the Government of Samara, Rui
the Siberian Railroad. The river at the point <
four miles wide in the spring, and 4732 feet v^
in the autumn. The cost of the bridge will be ab
$3,500,000. Twelve piers 85 feet high, 364 feet ap
will support the structure.
CORRECTION.— In the Extracts from Diary, ,i
of Ebenezer Worth, on page 349, in the third lint)
the article, "new relatives" should be " ?imr relative!
and on the second column of the same page
Rudolph" should be " West Randolph."
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, \
Near Frankford, (Twenty -third Ward,) PhUadelphi
Physician and Superintendent— John C. Hall, MJ
Applications for the Admission of Patients may
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Bo.ardl
Managers.
Fresh Fruits.— Peaches are beginning to arrive, and
sell at $2 a |4 as to size of crate and quality of fruit.
Died, 2nd nionth 5th, 1879, Benjamin M. Holli.i|
HEAD, in the 86th year of his age, a member of
Northern District Monthly Meeting of Friends.
, at her residence in Marlton, New Jersey t
month 5th, 1879, Mary Evens, in the 78th year of 1
age, a member and elder of Cropwell Particular af
Upper Evesham Monthly Meeting. I
wllJLIAMlirKLErPmNT'ER^
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
roil. Lii.
SEVENTH-DAY, SIXTH MONTH 28
NO. 46.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum; if not paid
LD advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Communications to be addresst-d to
JOSEPH WALTON,
NO. 150 NORTH NINTH STREET.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
r KG. 116 SORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
Life and Adventure in Japan.
BY E. WARREN CLARK.
{Continued from page 35i.)
3hi-mo-jo, my favorite interpreter,
lived
th me at the temple ; he was the brighlest
d most interesting young Japanese I ever
3t, and I learned to love him as a brother.
_ was invaluable to me in a thousand ways.
Id I bestowed great care on his education.
' Bcientitic studies he made rapid progress,
d at my daily lectures in the class-room he
ndered the work of instruction delightful by
e clearness and enthusiasm with which he
ould expound to others the most abstruse
wntific subjects.
But his health was delicate, and to my great
rrow he died in his twenty fourth year, just
, he was entering a life full of usefulness and
■omise. Over his grave, in a Japanese cerae-
ry in Tokio, was raised a larg;e stone, with
touching inscription written in Chinese by
is friend Nakamura ; and Laving at the close
complete statement of the Christian faith
i the hope and comfort of which Shimojo
,ed.
Two little boys also lived with me ; one was
le son of Governor Okubo, and the other th
)n of the captain of a Japanese ship of war,
■hich went down in the last naval battle
mght in 1868 by the forces of the Tycoon.
Then the father of this little boy saw that
is ship was going to sink, he sent his men
way in the boats, and then set the ship on
re, and drew his sword and committed " ha-
a-ki-ru," which the Japanese consider a very
rave and honorable way of terminating life.
Perhaps you may wonder how I occupied
lyself during these long months away from
oeiety and civilization, without seeing an
Lmerican or European face for half a year at
, time.
You may even imagine that I had an easy
ind dreamy existence, in the midst of shady
rees, fragrant incense, and oriental repose.
)n the contrary, 1 never before worked half
10 hard as I did during the months of exile in
,he interior of Japan. With an institution of
learly one thousand students, under the
)ervi8ion of a single foreigner; with fifty
Fapanese assistants to direct and instruct
ivith classes in various scientific departments,
30th theoretical and practical ; with interpre
iers to be drilled, regulations to be made and
enforced, experiments prepared, and lectures
given through the threefold medium of En-
glish, French, and Japanese, you may believe
I had my hands full.
My regular duties at the school began on
Christmas-day, as much time had been spent
getting settled. During Christmas week
the heathen festival occurred of offering first-
fruits of the earth to the pagan deities, so that
three holidays were given. We began again
New-year'sday, and I made out a pro-
gramme of studies, which was accepted and
printed in Japanese. 1 said nothing respect-
ng the [First-day of the week], but left the
space blank; the officials inferred my wishes,
however, and inserted the word "rest." It
was quietly done, and an order was issued
changing the previous arrangements, and clos-
ng the school on that day.
I usually rose at six o'clock in the morning,
and after breakfast the horses and guards
would appear at the gate. Passing acro.ss
the little garden, with its dwarfed trees and
gold-fish pond, I would mount my jet black
Japanese pony and gallop down the road, pre-
ceded by ni}' '• bet to," or groom, and followed
by the guard. The " bet-to" was a well-formed
young fellow, naked to the waist, and splen-
didly tattooed with colored figures and dra-
gons ; he ran like a deer, and always kept
ahead of the horse, clearing the road by
peculiar cry, which made everybody get out
of the way. The distance from my temple
to the school building was more than a mile,
and as I frequently went over the ground four
times a day, it was sometimes necessary to go
very fast.
When I got tired of riding horseback — for
the Jap ponies are very spirited and hard to
hold — I borrowed a four-wheeled foreign car-
riage, which 1 found the ex-Tycoon had
brought to the city. This carriage was the
only one in the whole province, and was a
great curiosity to the Japanese. It had been
presented by the Dutch to the Tycoon, and
now that it was no longer needed, he lent it
to me, with the horse that had been trained
to the harness. But Shidz-u-o-ka roads were
never made for carriages, eo the governors
used the way to bo widened by building
new bridges and small embankments.
If you could have seen the bewildered
amazement of the natives as my chariot
wheels dashed by their doors, you would sup-
pose something frightful was coming. Mothers
were running for their babies in the middle
of the road, peasants flying into the ditches,
ducks cackling, dogs barking, and stones rat
tiing — all mingling in the wild melee. Yet
nobody was hurt.
The twosworded men on the road would
prostrate themselves before the carriage think
ing that the ex-Tycoon was coming; but when
they heard the laughter of my guards as we
passed, they looked very fierce and straight-
ened up immediately. They were as wrath-
ful in the end as they were reverential in the
beginning. These were the men who disliked
foreigners.
At the side entrance of the school are shelves
upon which are ranged hundreds of wooden
clog-shoes, which the scholars have taken off
on entering ; instead of a hat-rack (of which
there would be no need), you see a sword-
rack, with pegs in it, upon which rows of
small swords are renting, some of which are
sharp and elegantly ornamented. These be-
long to the Samourai scholars within, who,
though small, are proud of their rank, and
are entitled to wear swords in their little belts,
with the ancient family crest on their cloth-
ing.
On entering the part of the building where
Japanese instruction is going on in the old-
fashioned style, you hear a great buzzing
sound, such aa might come from a colossal
shive, and as the noise gets louder and
der you can distinguish the shrill voices of
several hundred youngsters, who seem to vie
with one another in studying aloud their Chi-
nese and Japanese lessons.
In the school you would not see any thing
that even approached disorder, and there was
an air of refinement about the commonest-clad
child. The scholars wore loose dresses with
loug sleeves, which served as pockets, and in
which they carried tops, strings, oranges, and
rolls of brown paper, or any thing they need-
ed. They tied up their books in pieces of
cotton or silk, and carried them home to study
,_t night in the same noisy way. All this loud
study of former days simply filled their heads
with long passages from classical Chinese and
Japanese books, which they memorized by
rote, without understanding half they studied.
They had to learn a great many " moral pre-
cepts" also, such as obedience to parents and
the elder brother, respect for the aged, wor-
ship at the graves of their ancestors, offerings
at the shrines of pagan gods, and stories of
romance and robbers, which were calculated
to teach bravery and give them contempt of
death.
The scholars in the Japanese and Chinese
department came to school at six o'clock ia
the morning and were dismissed at nine.
They also came again at five in the afternoon.
My own classes of the more advanced students
commenced at nine o'clock and continued
until noon ; then I arranged the apparatus
and experiments in the new laboratory built
for me, preparatory to the afternoon lectures.
hich began at two o'clock and continued
until five.
I wrote chemical formulas, and drew dia-
grams on the large black-board, which were
copied by the students while I went home to
dinner. On returning I would find fifty or
sixty young men seated in the large lecture-
room, ready for the experiments and the lec-
ture in chemistry or physics. These young
men were nearly all about my own age, en-
thusiastic in their pursuit of science, and dili-
gent in their studies to a degree that aston-
362
THE FRIEND.
ished mo. Tliey mastored with facility toxt-
booUs tliat had taxed all the energies of Ameri-
can college students, and were so thorough
and devoted to their worli that it was a plea-
sure to teach them.
The government had been very liberal in
providing suitable scientific and philosophical
apparatus, so that all the principles and prob-
lems in chemistry and physica could be proved
and illustrated before their eyes. The ex-
periments were at times a little dangerous,
but the Japanese delight irv excitemeut, and
would face without fear the most hazardous
" demonstrations."
One may easily imagine with wbatastonish-
tnent and deliglit these people (who had hith-
erto known nothing of science and the mar-
vellous inventions of our age) viewed for the
first time the wonders of electricity, the steam-
engine, the air-pump, the startling results of
chemical combinalionM, and all the powers
and appliances of modern physics. No won-
der that rumors floated about among the com
mon people outside the school that either I
had "the gods" or "the devil" in my labora-
tory, they didn't know which I While I was
performing my experiments, Shimojo, my
terpreter, would explain the principles to those
students who only understood Japanese ; othei
students were taught in French or English
Between the three languages we usually got
along very well : they always asked a great
many questions.
Earthquakes are very frequent in Japan,
and often occur at night. Sometimes I would
be aroused from my sleep by a strange motion
of the bed, as though its four legs were about
to walk off with me! On listening, I would
hear the heavy timbers in the roof creaking,
and the whole building groaning and shiver-
ing like a ship at sea. Still, as there was no
storm raging outside, I could not sometimes
imagine what the commotion meant, until, on
lying perfectly quiet, I could feel the earth-
quake waves passing under the temple at in-
tervals of two or three minutes each. Usually
there are three waves, and the second is the
most severe; so, if the first shock was heavy
enough to shake things up badly, I would
" For Tlie Friend
Some Extracts from llir Diary anil Letters of Ebciiezcr
Worth.
(CoDtinued from page 357.)
18i7. 2d mo. 10th. A considerable portion
of last week was spent in preparing to com
menco suits against a number of persons for
selling intoxicating drink to the Indians
Frederick Aldridge and Isaac Higgins were
arrested and brought before the magistrate
(Allen Caramel) yesterday, whose court was
held at the school-house at Cold Spring, to
commence at 10 o'clock, a. m. I think in
merc}' I have in a degree been humbled under
the weight of the business I have (at the re-
quest of the " Peace-makers") engaged in, and
|at times felt weakness and discouragements.
In the morning, when we met for trial, th
appearance of things was discouraging ; some
of the witnesses had gone to Cattaraugus, we
had strong reason to believe to avoid giving
testimony; I also received a letter from the
United States agent (saying) he could not at-
tend on account of other business; we had
expected him to attend to the suits for us.
After reading the letter, I concluded to go and
meet the constable and request him not to
serve the warrants. I met the magistrate, he
said in all probability one of the warrants
had been served before that time. Joel Hall,
one of the overseers of the poor, was with me ;
we turned about, thinking we would have to
do the best we could and go on with the cases
commenced. When I returned the "Peace
maker," who I had left at the school-house
had gone. I understood William ilall, the
Presbyterian missionary, had come and left,
and that our proceedings were reported to be
stopped. I sent for the missionaries and for
two of the " Peace- makers." At this particu-
lar time I felt much concern and anxiety,
fearing we should not be able to prove clearly
the charges, and manage the case properly ;
to fail on our part when it came to trial, I
feared would serve as an encouragement to
them to continue the great evil of selling and
giving intoxicating drink to the natives. I
think all concerned in trying to put a stop to
this distressing evil, have great reason long
scamper out of bed, and try and get from j to remember with feelings of deep gratitude^
under the massive roof of the temple before the way in which a kind and merciful Provi'
the second wave would have a chance to bring
it down on my head. These roofs, being made
of stone tiles, are exceedingly heavy, and are
supported simply by uprights standing on the
ground, without any foundation; in fact the
whole building stands on wooden legs. Ai
the earthquake wave passes under, these tim
bers slip and creak and make a great fuss, but
do not fall. When they do fall, however,'woe
to the unfortunate people who happen to bo
underneath ! In the destructive earthquake in
Tokio, some years ago, more than sixty thou-
sand persons perished by the falling of these
tiled roofs and the opening of deep crevices
in the earth.
(To be continued.)
If WO wish to rise in God, wo must be will-
ing to sink low in ourselves. It may seem
like a contradiction in terms, but it is never-
theless true, that there is no elevation in true
religion higher than thatof profound humility.
He that would be the greatest must become
the least. He who was equal with God con-
descended to become man ; and it was the be-
loved Son of the Most High that washed the
feet of the disciples.— T/wwas C. Upham.
denee brought about a settlement of our pre-
sent troubles, and I desire through his con-
tinued blessing it may be a lasting good, and
to Him be the glory forever.
one of the Presbyterian missionaries (<'ii:
coy Carver), the Methodist missionary ami
self, had warrants (issued) on the tcsiiiu
of James Pierce, one of the " Peace in ale t
(against) H. Fuller and Swan, two mcr)
keep public houses at Cold Spring. T
were brought before the magi8trate(ani| i I
plead guilty of selling eider to the lii-li;
The " Peace maker.s" let them off, on ti
making promises to clear their houses .t
intoxicating drink for time to come, hnn.
more on to the reservation, and pa}' tin vj
and fines. * * * They were infuriii.'(
think), that when these promises were viola
the old charges should bo brought up, and
law enforced.
2d mo. 2l8t. Oh ! that I could long
member, with deep feelings of gratitude t
kind and merciful Master, the great fav
that have so bountifully be-n bestowed u]
me this past week, a qualification for praj
thanksgiving and praise. May I be k
humble, as at the footstool of my Div
Master, and be preserved as in the hoik
his holy hand. He is forever worthy of
honor, praise and thanksgiving.
3d mo. 2nd. My mind has been a good d
looking towards home in Chester eoun
Left Tunessassa this morning early to go
Napole, with some expectation of getting a
ter from the committee; while going and af
getting there, I think I may say I was favoi
to feel a comfortable degree of resignatioD
the will of my Divine Master. What a p
eious feeling; how much it ought to be souj
after; I consider it a great duty resting
us to feel after it, and a great blessing to
able to experience it. There was no leti
for me in the office. On my way home
came round by Randolph ; a little before I g
to the east village, the horse that I was ridi
I think stepped into a quicksand, pitched f(
ward and threw me over his head ; one of i
feet stuck in the stirrup; I kept hold of t
bridle ; when the horse (which was a colt a:
had not been much used), got on his feet
was lying in a situation in which I coul
help myself. It sefemed a Providential thin
the colt stood almost as still as a post, and
the time it happened there was a boy passii
who loosed my foot. I was but little hu
and I think I have great reason to be ve
thankful that I was not killed. Towards eve
ing attended a council of the chiefs and othei
on the subject of a new law, or rathe
wi AiT-j •' , Tj- • , "" ^"" suujecD oi a new law, or rather i
When A'dridgo and Higgins were brought amendment of one that had been made aboi
(up) for trial, Aldndge invited me out of the a year before. I felt desirous not to miss i
house, and proposed a settlement on terms' opportunity of speaking to them on the su
that wereperfectlysatisfactoryj; that he would I jeci of their improvement; at the same tin
sell what hquor he had by the barrel, or in I desire to bo preserved
the barrel, that he would not keep or retail ' ~
any more intoxicating drink for time to
come, and I think offered to cut down his
sign-post; he gavo his bond to the amount of
fifty dollars for the faithful performance of
said promises. Higgins promised in time to
come he would not give or sell intoxicating
drink to Indians, and was bound up in the
sum of fifty dollars, with his son as security
for the fulfilment of said promises. These
two men seem quite disarmed ; they appeared
like children, (and) after the business .was
settled, quite friendly. I consider the bless-
ng of the Lord attended this day's labor, my
discouragements and sorrowful feelings were
turned to rejoicing and gratitude; all the
glory bo to a kind and merciful God.
11th. This day the three •' Peace-makers,"
om attemptms
speak only when I feel it my duty so to"d,
How necessary it is for all to keep their eji
single to the pointings of Best Wisdom; ia
there is safety and true comfort.
(To be continued.)
A Box on the Ear at the Right Time.
In one of the important commercial eitie
of North Germany there once lived a merchan
named Mull6r, who, in his walks about th|
city, often encountered a bright-faced, well]
dressed young man, who always took off hi!
hat and bowed to him in the most deferential
manner. !
The young fellow was an entire strange:
to the merchant, but the latter always rel
turned his greeting with a friendly nod, sup
posing himself to be mistaken by the young
THE FRIEND.
363
fl'i for some ouo whom ho probabl}* resem-
.11.
)Qc ihiy MuUer was invited to the country
(t of a. friend, and, arriviot; there at the ap-
i,nt(.d time, he noticed this young man
r kiiij; up and down the shady paths of the
• lion engaged ia earnest conversation with
1 ho.t.
^'on- I shall know who this youtig gentle-
ni i-,' thought he; and hastily approached
that indeed it should be the last time, even as I strayed from the fold, and as al:
Allow me," said the host, after exchang-
greetings with his friend, " to introduce — "
It is not necessary, I assure you," inter-
ted the young man eagerly, " we have
Dwn each other for many j'ears!"
Tou must be mistaken," said Muller, "for
)ngh, in answer to your greetings, I have
tedly bowed to you. still you are entirely
known to me!"
And yet I insist," replied the young man,
hat I have been acquainted with you for a
g time, and am delighted to have the op
rtunity of meeting you here and to present
7 most heartfelt thanks for a service you
ce did me!"
" You speak in riddles," said Muller ; " how
n you be under obligations to me when I do
t even know you?"
"It does seem a little mysterious," laugh
gly answered the young man, " but let us
down here on the piazza, while I throw a
tie light on the statement.
Seventeen years ago, when I was a lad of
ne, I started for school one morning with
books under one arm and my lunch of
•ead and butter under the other. I was a
)or boy with a big appetite. My luncheon
■emed never enough for my hungry stomach,
id I used often to envy boys whose mothers'
)uld aiford to give them choice fruit with
leir dinner.
"This morning I had been especially dis-
itisfied. 'If I only had an apple with my
'read,' I thought, ' how nice it would be!'
" My way to school was through the market
lace, and as I arrived there it seemed to me
he fruit had never looked half so beautiful or
■esirable. I stood there several moments
'azing at the abundant supply, instead of
lastening away from the temptation as I
tould have done
' " Suddenly an old market vvoman, who Buper-
btended lavge rosy-streaked apples, turned
ler back on her wares to gossip with a neigh-
»or.
" ' Such lots and lots, I thought to myself,
surely one from so many would never be
nissed, yet would do me so much good.'
"Quick as a flash I stretched my hand out,
md was just about to thrust an apple into my
pocket, when a sharp box on the ear caused
me to drop tSe fruit in an agony of terror.
" ' Youngster,' said an earnest voice cl""-
to my burning ear, ' have
ten commandments? Now, i nop^
first time that you have ever stretched out
your hand after goods that are not your own,
let it be the last time also.'
" I hung down my head for shame, and only
■or an instant lifted my eyes from the ground
lo see who ray reprover was.
\ " When I reached school the words I heard
w'n-e still sounding in my ear. My heart was
80 full I could scarcely keep from crying.
' Let it be the last time also,' ' let it be the last
t had been the first; that never as long as I
lived would I covet what belonged to another,
or strive to gain unlawful possession of it.
After a few years I left school and became
a clerk in my uncle's counting-room. From
there a year or two later I went to South
America. You will readily believe me when
I tell you that there the temptations to a
young merchant are not few. I repeatedly
had opportuniiies, which acquaintances of
mine did not hesitate to improve, to benefit
myself at the expense of others, but every
time these presented themselves, that ringing
blow on the ear, and those words ' Let it be
the last time also,' reminded me of my duty,
and helped me to distinguish between right
and wrong.
"I have been back in m}' native country
about five months. I have come back pos-
sessed of considerable wealth — but money
earned squarely and honestly ! Never have
I knowingly reached out this hand and taken
a penny even that did not rightfully belong
The young man remained silent for a few
moments, overcome with emotion, then, reach
ing forth his hand, he took that of Muller, and
exclaimed :
"Allow me to gratefully grasp the hand
that once did me such a service !"
"And permit me," said Muller, embracing
him, while the tears came into his eyes, "to
the man who is capable of such grati-
tude, and who in later life so faithfully keeps
the resolve made in boyhood days." — Cincin-
nati Gazette.
For -'The Friend."
letters of James Emleu.
(CuDtiDUed from page 355.)
"1st month 17th, 1854. — Since we met at
C , I have at different times felt a word of
encouragement towards thee, but have still
put it by, partly from a view of my own un-
worthiness, and partly from an apprehension
it was not needtul, fully believing that thou
hast felt thy exercised mind a little lifted up
and encouraged by that which is better than
words. But still this morning I remembered
how often the apostle advised the brethren to
greet one another, such as 'Greet Priscillaand
Aquila, my helpers in Christ,' &c. Thou hast
passed through many probations, under all
which thy chief desire has been to ' buy the
truth,' and though it hast cost thee much and
may still cost thee more, I cannot doubt but
the full reward will be gained in the end.
Let the hills therefore be brought down, and
the valle3-s exalted, endeavor as much as pos-
sible to receive all dispensations alike, andto
' rejoice evermore, and in all things give
thanks' — remembering the crown is at the
end of the race, and its glory will be enhanced,
ortion to the cost.
e you forgotten the! probably, in some proportio
w, I hope this is the That I trust there is hardly .
occasion for re-
what seemed to arise, ' Strengthen the
weak'^hands, and confirm the feeble knees, and
especially the latter part of the passage, ' say
to them that arc of a fearful heart, be strong,'
&c. As there is a time for all things, a time
to sow, and a time to reap, so there is no doubt
a time to ask and a time to receive, a time of
probation and a time of confirmation, which
last, I trust, thou hast had some foretaste of."
" 1st mo. 3l8t, 185-t. * * * I have no
lity is afford-
ed endeavor to restore them. I sometimes
think, however, that when we are addressing
the unconverted, either verbally or in writing,
it may be worthy of a thought, whether it is
best to seek to clothe the message we may
have to deliver chiefly in scripture language,
or otherwise. To such, I apprehend, scrip-
ture is something like an 'unknown tongue;'
and although it may be, and no doubt is, often
very proper to confirm the words by appro-
priate quotations from scripture, yet a dif-
ferent language in the main would perhaps
be more inteiiigible to such, and of course
more likelj' to be acceptable. To those who
can rightly savor the scriptures, the case
might be different." * * *
Indian Atfairs.
FLORIDA PRISONERS.
At the close of the war in 1873 and 1874,
there were fiftj' Indians sent as prisoners of
war to a fort near St. Augustine, on the eastern
coast of Florida. Captain Pratt, who had
them in charge, appears to have been a kind
and Christian' officer. They received school
instruction, and some of them learned to read
and write. Some of the Christians of St. Au-
gustine, particularly the ladies, took great
interest in the prisoners, and taught them the
truths of the gospel in addition to the preach-
ing which they beard, which has been blessed
to many if not all of them. They were all re-
leased this spring, and sent to their homes,
except twenty of them, who preferred to re-
main in the States and go to school. One of
them in writing to his father at the Cheyenne
and Arapahoe Agency, stated that they had
learned a little in white men's books, and of
his religion, and they wished to learn more.
HowTing Wolf [one of the returned prison-
ers], who is now twenty-nine years old, told
me his experience as follows : When a young
man I used to sometimes think whilerambling
around and raiding with my comrades that I
was doing wrong in some things ; for I knew
a little of God. I did not think it wrong to
raid and fight, which 1 now believe to be
wrong, for I was an Indian, and thought and
acted as an Indian. I wanted to be a leader
in the tribe, and so went on in sin, for which
1 was taken a prisoner, and with others sent
to St. Augustine. There I learned much
more of the Great Spirit. God caused me to
realize that I had done very wrong. Then I
wanted to throw away all of my bad deeds.
I asked God to take away my bad heart and
give me a good heart. The Great Spirit
heard me, and in his providence gave me a
good heart, and then I felt happy. I often
^ot tired of my confinement, and was very
uncomfortable. Then I would pray to God.
When thus feeling, I sometimes took the Bible
and held it open before me, and that gave me
comfort, although I could not read it. I threw
away my old road, took the road of the Bible,
which, I believe, is God's road. Now I am
holding on to it.
Since coming here to school to work, I
talked to the boys and girls, urging them to
take the good Bible road. It makes me so
happy to go in that I talk to the people in
camp, urging all the Indians, Cheyennes and
Arapahoes, to take the Bible road, that they
also may be happy."
Cheyenne and Arapahoe mission school
taken by John Homer Segcr on contract.
t:i„t°4=--*sii°£ -'-'— ^^^^^ '■° '-"'"'' ""■ -"'' ""■'°-' """■ "'
364
THE FRIEND.
school. The government furnishes the rations,
raatoriiil for clothing, bedding, :ind a farm.
The contractor, (SuperinteDdent)furnishe8 all
the necessary help for carrying on the school.
There are four teachers, and six other white
employees, including himself. The scholars
are progressing well in their studies, and
their behavior is good. During the last three
quarters the school has averaged 115 scholars
There are 28 girls who are over twelve years
of age, four of whom have been in school three
or four years. Besides the while employees,
the Superintendent pays $52 per month to 11
of the school girls, who are out of the school
a part of the time assisting in sowing, cook-
ing, washing, &c. He pays four of the boj's
$25 per month. All of the children who are
old enough are taught to perform such part of
the work that they are capable of; those only
receiving pay who are kept out of school a
considerable portion of the time. Tea<'hing
the girls to do housework, and the boys to cut
wood, plow, and other out door work, is con-
sidered an essential part of their education.
The boys have an interest in the crop that
they raise on the farm. Some of them are at
work on it all the time, in the plowing and
cultivating season. This j-ear they have 110
acres in corn, 5 acres of broom corn, 4 acres
of sorghum, 4 acres of vegetable garden.
They work faithfully.
When the children receive money, either
for their woik or crops, they are encouraged
to invest it in cattle. Forty-nine of the
scholars, boys and girls, now have a herd of
141 head, besides a large number of calves.
Each scholar knows his own animals.
Friend Seger, after receiving from all sources
what he considers a reasonable compensation
for his services, gives the balance to Friends'
Endowment Herd, which he, the agent and
others have started, and are increasing as they
can. The design of the herd is for the educa-
tional benefit of the Indians of this agency.
The benefit is expected to be derived by send-
ing some of the children to the States to more
advanced schools than they have here, and
thus prepare them for teachers or other places
of usefulness, or to increase the school capacity
of that agency. The herd now numbers 70
head, besides the calves. It is kept with the
scholars' herd, but differently branded.
The agent and friend Seger both have great
executive ability. The latter was very much
annoyed and injured by the Indians going
across the cultivated fields. The agent issued
an order to prohibit it, which all respected
except some of the young men. Two of them
were arrested for the offence, whom the agent
sentenced to chop wood at the school-house,
which they very reluctantly submitted to do,
The third young man went across the field
with no other apparent motive than to show
that he could not be controlled. He was ar-
rested by the school boys, and taken by Super-
intendent Seger to the Agent's office, where
he received the sentence to chop wood. He
would not submit to cut wood until his hands
were tied down, and a log of wood was fas-
tened on his back, and he led around for a
time in presence of the children and a number
of the camp Indians. He then cut the as-
signed portion of wood. Since then the In-
dians can go around the field without incon-
venience.—i. Tatum, in Christian Worker.
Can we keep Heaven in the eye while the
world is in the heart ?
Selected
" SO RUN THAT YE MAY OBTAIN."
Onward for the glorious prize :
Straight and clear before thine eyes,
See, thy homeward pathway lies ;
Rest is not beneath the skies.
Onward, onward still.
Onward till the dawn of day ;
Tarry not : around thy way.
Danger hirka, O fear to stay ;
Rouse thee, Christian, watch and pr.ay.
Onward, onward still.
Stay not for the flowers of earth ;
What are hours of idle mirth?
What are fading treasures worth,
To a .soul of heavenly birth ?
Onward, onward still.
Linger not, through coward fear,
Though thy way be dark and drear;
Is not Jesus ever near,
Still to bless and guide and cheer?
Onward, onward still.
In the way the Saviour trod.
Gladly bearing every load,
Meekly bending to the rod.
Walking humbly with thy God,
Onward, onward still.
Rest not here but onward haste,
Till each danger shall be past ;
Till each foe is 'neath thee cast,
Till thou gain thy home at last ;
Onward, onward still.
THE SMOKER'S DREAM.
The smoker arose from his easy chair,
And carefully putting his pipe away,
He sought his couch, and after prayer
His weary head on his pillow lay.
And soon he slept, and deep and long.
Until the dim and shadowy train
Of dreams, a dark mysterious throng.
Came trooping over his restless brain.
And the sleeper dreamed that the blast of fate,
By the great Archangel's trump was given,
And his soul went up to the golden gate
That stands at the corridors of Heaven.
And the book of life was opened there,
But the waiting angel sought in vain
Over its pages broad and fair.
For a single trace of the smoker's name.
And the spirit wept in its great dismay,
" For my name is surely there, he thought,
For I love the Saviour, and day by day
My hands in the Master's work have wrought."
And the angel sighed and the pearly tears
Fell on the page he was bending o'er,
When lo! there dimly and faint appears
The mortal name that the spirit bore.
And the angel turned from the mighty book,
And a wondrous smile his face o'erspread,
As he bent on the dreamer a mingled look
Of love and pity, and sweetly said
" The smoke of thy cherished pipe, for years
Had gathered so heavy thy name about.
That nought but an angel's pitying tears.
And thy own contrition might wash it out."
And the vision passed, and the sleeper woke
With a high resolve, and a purpose strong,
To break forever the galling yoke.
And the cruel chain that had bound him long.
And for the years that were yet to be,
With a lighter heart and a clearer brain,
In the strength of a nobler manhood free,
He turned to the Master's work again.
For " The Frien '
The Seed of the Kingdom.
It was the testimony of a good man wi
near the close of his dedicated life, that
had had a heavenly visitation when only f
years old. And that though he had wande
far and wide from the reproofs of instruct
or the safe guidance of the light of Chr
3'et be never lost sight of this at any tin
but that it remained with him as a rally;
point ever after. It is to this merciful
tension of Divine regard, whether made
us so early as four years or later in life, tl
we would solicit the most careful ationt;
with the most unqualified obedience.
The seed of the kingdom is represented
the Saviour to be even as the least of all soi
when it is sown in the heart ; but as due ph
or heed is given to it under the enlighteni
influence of the Son of righteousness, itgrac
ally yet steadily groweth up unto fruitfulne
first the blade, then the ear, and after tl
the full corn in the ear, to the praise of t
Great Husbandinan.
Obedience to this little seed of the kin
dom, or the Redeemer's grace manifested
the heart, has ever been the starting point
the religious life of all those who throu;
faith and patience have inherited the promis
and been permitted to join the redeemed
the kingdom of their Father. How imp(
tant that none should overlook the simplici
of the Messiah's appearance in, as it wei
the margin of their hearts, as the Jews turoi
away from and rejected Him in his outwa
manifestation; being so without "form
comeliness," so beneath their expectatiot
that He was to them a stumbling block, and
the Greeks foolishness.
But, on the contrary, as obedience in tl
day ofsmall things keeps puce with the know
edge of the Lord inwardly revealed — remer
bering that " that which is to be known
God is manifest in man" — all such are led c
step by step in the narrow way of holinei
in which it is declared, " The way-faring me
though fools, shall not err:" and finally ai
built up more and more and established upo
the rock, Christ, against which the winds an
waves, nay, as is written, "the gates of he
shall not prevail."
"Except ye be converted, and become asli
tie children," saith our Divine Lawgiver, "y
shall not enter into the kingdom'of heaven.i
Then how important in the great work c
salvation, that the little child's state should b
fully realized and duly abode in, with a learr
ing of the a, b, c, lessons belonging to sail
pupilage state; which prepares the way fo'
the successive growths unto the statures o
young men, of strong men, of fathers in th
Truth, and pillars in the Lord'sjjouse, whicl
shall go no more out.
That thou, dear reader — that all — may com'
to the inward, experimental knowledge o
Christ which is life eternal ; and thus kiiov
Him to be as a rock and refuge in overj' stora
that either frowns or fulls, even as a well
ng of peace and joy to the soul, is th(
earnest desire of the writer.
Satan offers forms and ceremonies to thos(
.E^'n;)?o(/me/i^.— Occupation is of real advant-lhe would rock to sleep, and who are seeking
age both to body and soul. Even in Paradise something that they feel they need; and i-
t was ordained that Adam should not be with- ' the enemy can satisfy them with external anc
out employment, but he was placed in the superstitious reverence for men and things, ht
Garden ot Eden to dress and keepit.—Blenning. keeps them in "the iron furnace of Egypt."
THE FRIEND.
365
Relisious Items, &c.
RUunlistic Church.— A. correspondent of
Kationnl Baptist recentl)' visited the Epis-
il place of worship in Philadelphia known
t. Clement's. On the altar candles were
ling and before it were suspended seven
ted lamps. On and around it were vari-
ornaments, such as fiijures of angels, a
18, bouquets and a silk: banner bearing
lous devices.
'he priest, musicians and various attend-
3, in all about seventy in number, clad in
uliar garment-", ipostly white and black
h red embroidery, enter in a formal pro
jion. The celebration of the "communion'
7ice is attended with many ceremonious
ervances, such as kneeling, crossing, in-
^ certain scripture passages with the back
ned to the people present, &c.
}he priests connected with this establish
reside together in monastic fashion
doctrine that the bread and wine used
the "communion" are transformed into
veritable body and blood of our Eedeemer
1 that prayers for the dead affect the state
departed souls, are maintained, and there
uld seem to be but a short step yet lin-
en to bring these people into full unity
th the Roman Catholic Church.
To those who have been accustomed to
let waiting upon God in the religious meet
'8 of Friends, and have learned to look to
Creator and Redeemer for the ability to
er acceptable worship to Him in spirit and
truth ; these complicated ceremonie-i seem
Eeedingly lifeless and destructive to all true
votion of heart. For they continually draw
ay the attention from Kim who is a spirit,
d fi.x it on ornaments, processions, music,
tonationa, and human manipulations,
Licensed Grog Shops in Philadelphia.— There
e 5038 licensed places for selling liquor
liladelphia, the sales from which by their
returns are more than 814,000,000 a
ar! This is not only an enormous waste
itself, but involves heavy expenses which
ould otherwise be unnecessary— as well as
ing a fruitful source of evil in other ways.
An ex-Mormon, F. W. Cook, has been ad-
itted to orders in the Episcopal Church at
gden, Utah.
Excessive Cider Drinking.-^ case has re-
intly come to light in Northbridge that is
lusing considerable talk not only there, but
^ all the surrounding towns. The family
onsisted of a father about sixty, the mother
ftysix and two soi.s thirty five and thirty-
ne years old. The actual amount that this
imily have consumed since last fall cannot
e determined, but one man says ho made
000 gallons for them and two other men
Qade half as much more. The father and
other have always been in the habit ot
-inking cider to a large extent and the sons
lave also been brought up to it since they
vere children. The father says he does not
Enow how much cider they put in last fall,
md also says that his youngest son sold some
ind that they had given away some, but as
lear as can be found out between 40 and 50
)arrels of cider have been consumed by this
amily since last fall. Some weeks ago the
mother was taken with fits and died. The
as taken with fits three weeks
nee that the oldest son
yroungest son w
ago and died, £
was taken with fits just the same as the
Others. The physician says there is but v^ry
little hope of his living but a short time ''"
The
father is -also in a very bad condition, sees
snakes nearly every night, and he frequently
gets up in the niijht and runs about the house
crying "Fire" at the top of his voice, and is
doubtless suffering from tremens.
Anti-Chinese Prejudice.— Gohev, of Grass
Valley, Cal, offended part of his Methodist
congregation by employing a Chinaman. Th"
officers voted to pay him no salary unless h
discharged the Mongol. " I now answer you
once for all," he said from his pulpit, "that
this Chinaman shall stay and I shall continue
as pastor of this Church until the Conference
sees fit otherwise to direct me, salary or no
salary, starve or no starve. 1 have never yet
been intimidated, and do not propose to be
now. Brethren, it strikes me that it would
be better for you to follow the religion taught
in the Bible than that dealt out on the sand-
lots In San Francisco." . .
The Baptist General Association of Virginia
had the subject of seeking more intimate re-
lations with the colored Baptists of the Slate
before it. A report was adopted recommend-
ing that such relations should be cultivated.
It'proposed to send messengers to the State
Convention of colored Baptists and invited a
return of the courtesy, promising to provide
seats for the colored messengers who should
come to it. The ministers and brethren were
„.so advised to aid the colored preachers
securing such knowledge as will increase their
efficiency. .
The French Council of State has indorsed
the opinion of the Minister of the Interior
respecting the recent pastoral of the Arch-
bishop oif Aix attacking M. Jules Ferry's
Education bill, and have pronounced the pas-
toral illegal; and a decree of the President
of the Republic promulgates the decision of
the Council with considerable additional em-
phasis. The President's decree sharply re-
minds the cleruy of the fundamental distinc-
tion in French law between things strictly
spiritual and things only temporal and civil,
and informs them that, while bishops have the
rit'ht of submitting to the chief of the State
their views on things temporal which appear
to theni to touch religious interests, and even
to present their views as citizens to the Legis-
lative powers, they must not do so in the
form of pastoral letters, the only object of
which should bo the instruction of the faith-
ful in their religious duties. The President
accordingly declares the Archbishop to have
transgressed his legal powers, and pronounces
the pastoral suppressed. . ■ ,
Fashion in Z)/-ess.— Augustus Csesar is said
to have worn the apparel made by his wife
and daughter, frequently observing that gay
clothing was the badgQ of pride and the nurse
of luxury. It was commanded that Aaron
should be sanctified, " and his garmeMs." The
frippery and foppery and fumes that are at-
tached to the garments of even some pro-
fessedly Christian people, will hardly suggest
either "the odor of sanctity" or "the beauty
of holiness." — Thwing's Handbook.
The civil authorities of Prague, Austria,
where missionaries of the American Board
have maintained public services for more than
a year, have, for some reason not assigned,
directed that no more such meetings be held,
under penalty of $50 fine or twenty days'
imprisonment. The persons attending these
meetings are only permitted to attend services
of the Churches recognized by the State.
The French Protestants, uumberins about
700,000 souls, have contributed for home and
foreign missions nearly 1 000,000 francs, or
one quarter of the sum which the great Roman
Catholic Propagation Society has raised. They
sustain foreign missions in the south of Africa,
in Senegal, and in Tahiti. They have been
encouraged in their home missions by the ap-
pearance of an increasing disposition among
the people to listen to Protestant teachings.
At the annual assembly of the Congrega-
tional Union, of England and Wales, in Lon-
don, last month, a resolution was adopted
condemning the policy of the Government by
which it was committed to "unnecessary and
therefore criminal wars in India and South
Africa, and to burdensome and undesirable
obligations in Europeon diplomacy."
Expense of South African Wars.— The Lon-
don Times places the expense of the war with
the Zulus at about 82,500,000 per week. Al-
eady thousands of lives have been lost by
fighting and disease. Military men are bad
financiers. It is not probable that it would
have cost the half of one weeks' military out-^
lay, in the hands of prudent and judicious
men of peace, to have averted the crimes and
waste of this war, which some of the English
people denounce as unjust and unnecessary.
Natural History, Science, &c.
Pill-Making Crahs.—A curious little crab is
common upon the sandy beaches everywhere
on these coasts. I observed it abundantly at
Labuan, and at Singapore and Johore, and
other places, where, immediately after the
tide has gone down, the smooth beach is
covered with loose, powdery sand and holes
of various sizes, from such as would admit a
small pea to those big enough for a large
filbert, but usually of the former dimensions.
A closer examination showed that little ra-
diating paths converged among the litter of
sand t'o each hole, and that the sand itself
was in minute balls or concretions of a size
proportionate to the calibre of the holes. The
rapidity with which the shore was covered
with myriads of such concretions was very
surprising, as at first there appeared no living
thing to which they might be attributed. I
naturally supposed that the little crab inhabit-
ino- the hole had ejected the sand in little
batls in the construction of his habitation ;
but an approaching footstep was an immediate
signal for the disappearance of the little crea-
tures. By remaining quite quiet, however,
on a patch 30 or 40 feet square, which was
covered with their holes, I was able to watch
their remarkable habits. On the first ap-
proach, a peculiar twinkle on the sand was
visible, which required a quick eye to recog-
nise as a simultaneous and rapid retreat of all
the little crabs into their holes, not a single
one remaining visible. Kneeling down and
remaining motionless for a few minutes, i
noticed a slight evanescent appearance, like a
flash or bursting bubble, which the eye could
scarcely follow. This was produced by one
or more of the little crabs coming to the
surface, and instantly darting down again,
alarmed at my proximity. It was only by
patiently waiting, like a statue, that I could
tret them to come out and set to work. They
were of various sizes, the most common being
that of a largish pea. Coming cautiously to
the mouth ot the hole, the crab waited to re-
connoitre, and if satisfied that no enemy was
near it would venture about its own length
distant from the mouth of its hole; then
THE FRIEND.
rapidly taking up particles of sand in its
claws or cbeliB, it dejjosited them in a o-roove
beneath the thorax. As it did so a little ball
of sand was rapidly projected as though from
Its mouth, which it seized with one claw and
deposited on one side, proceedino- in this
manner until the smooth beach was covered
with these little pellets, or pills, correspond-
ing in size to its own dimensions and powers.
It was evidently its mode of extractino- par-
ticles of food from the sand. I made many
attempts to catch one before I could succeed
so swift were they in their movements. Pre-
paring my right hand, and advancing it cau-
tiously, I darted it out as rapidly as I could
to secure the crab ; but it was too quick, and
had regained its hole. At length, after re-
peated attempts, I caught two specimens,
which immediately curled themselves up and
feigned death. I put one of them on the sand
to see what it would do. At first it did not
attempt to move; but after a short time by
a tvvisting and wriggling movement, it rapidly
sunk into the sand and disappeared. I had
attempted in vain for a 1
the business of the ivory manufacturers. Its
makers assert that in durability it is much
superior to ivory, as it sustains hard knocks
without injury, and is not discolored by age
or use. Large amounts are used for combs'of
every variety, for the backs of brushes and
hand mirrors, and for all kinds of toilet arti-
cles which ivory is employed for. Amon
many other articles in which celluloid takes
the place of ivory or india-rubber, are whip,
cane and umbrella handles, every kind of
harness trimmings, foot rules, and the handles
of knives and forks. Its use in cutlery is said
to be especially desirable, as it is not cracked
or discolored by hot water. India-rubber, as
a general rule, holds its ground against cellu
Old, as the latter cannot be sold so cheaply,
The freedom of celluloid from sulphur and
the natural flesh color which can be imparted
to It, have caused it to be extensively substi
tuted for india-rubber in the manufacture of
dental blanks, or the gums and other attach-
ments of artificial teeth. Celluloid can be
mottled so as to imitate the finest tortoise
one of the crabs from its hog s'' -•-""■ '^i ■''•■' ■'"^- ''' .^'^^^'^'l^ ''^^ders it much less
It up and observe whether it would go
But as I could not succeed in doino- this (and
It was frightfully hot work stooping over the
sand under the direct rays of the tropical
sun) I put one of the crabs I had caught into
ready containing a crab ; but no
a hole i
suit followed. I attempted to dig it up again
in vain. I dug up many holes; but though
1 soon arrived at the soft and wet sand be-
nea,th, I never succeeded in procuring a pill-
making crab by digging it out. Nor, when
I failed up several holes, did any result follow,
as long as I had patience to wait
These pill- making crabs are gregarious.
Many considerable patches of sand were cov-
ered with their holes and pellets, some close
3the'
sinfdehorupon thenT^ Sevraniil "°^1*Tk ""'' ''''^"^'^^ twenty feet apart, and d
their appearance Jr.,.;.^! ?„Vf ^^^ "\^'" "°^ ^^ "^"^ ™«^"« seem crowded. Thegroun
match-boxes, pocket-books, napkin-rings, and
all sorts of fancy articles. — Late Paper.
A Great Orchard.— The largest orchard in
the world is that owned and worked very
successfully by Eobert McKinstrv, of Hudson,
Columbia county, New York. The orchard
IS situated on the east bank of the Hudson
river, on high, rolling table land, and contains
more than 24,000 apple trees, 1700 pears, 4000
cherries, 500 poaches, 200 plums, 200 crabs,
1500 vines, 6000 currants and 200 chestnuts.
The pears are Bartlett, B. d'Anjou, Shel-
don, Seekel and Lawrence chiefly. Of cherries
there are twenty-eight varieties. The or-
chards arc remarkably thrifty, and the oldest
trees are about twenty years old. The soil is
the
do
ing tide deposited a layer of silt, or mi
which became sufficiently hardened in t
sun to retain the form of the impression, a
in that shape the mud was slowly turned
freestone.— CA. Adv.
Fall of a Meteor.— On 5th mo. 10th, a lar
meteor fell at Estherville, Emmet Count
Iowa, accompanied by a loud report, rese
bling the discharge of a cannon, only loudi
Parties have since found numerous pieces
the meteorite, varying from one to eig
ounces. Also, four pieces about four poun(
and one weighing thirty-two pounds. A lar
piece, or probably the meteorite itself, b
recently been found bedded eight feet in bl
clay, and fully fourteen feet from the surfa
of the ground. Its weight is 431 pound
dimensions about two feet long by one ai
one-half wide, and one foot thick, with ra<r(/e
uneven surface. It is composed, appareTtl
of nearly pure metal of some kind, a piece
which has been made into a ring, resemblir
silver somewhat, but a trifle darker in colo
Prehistoric Bronzes.— A. number of pre-hi
toric bronzes found in ancient .Siberian grave
and collected by Seebohm and Wiggins du
ng their exploration of Arctic Siberia, a:
thought to be from 4,000 to 5,000 years old
Observatory on Mt. Etna.— An observatoi
IS to be established on Mount Etna, and tl
work of constructing it will probably be cod
menced soon. Both astronomical and meteo
ological, as well as seismological, observ;
tions are to be carried on at this new obse
vatory, which will be the property of tl
University of Catania.
Extract from a letter from Thomas Wagstaffel
James Pemberton, dated London, ist of i
mo. 1786. -^ '
About four months since I was applied i
on 'change, and informed that Zaccheus Coffit
ho was an inhabitant of Nantucket, and bi'
longed to our Society, was taken and carrie!
nto Algiers. I thought such informatio
should be known, and accordingly I mentior'
ed it in thje Meeting for SuflPerings. Friend'
has iJT^'^ir'r'^^^^r'^^^ tideiis pio,,gii;d;;;;;;;r-timr;;r;he^;:ranl
pellets uii the ;"er ^etJ^^^s'atin^ the.rlkeptfallov^' except, when though! advisa- -emed affected with the account, and W_
Sr-si^s- ^'iS^ ?r r^ a;:d i !t;f Lrh^JoSsti-ix^LriX^ " — - ^"" ^'"' """ '' ^"^ '
Cel^L and S^S.^CeSd!' which is a^u-rZ^"^ '''''■'' ""'^'^ ^'-^^-^^ '^' ^^" '^''
growing into prominence in th- " '
four miles and a hali^. The apple
o f nv nv of tf'7'"'"'^-"/''' manufacture crop of last year is 30,000 barrels Twe ty
d uS- stoeks i7 ''■''°''' '"•''""^ '■"^'^ f""'- '"'^"^"d fourteen horses a.^ emploS
ti u^patrt f'^.^ J11.7"rj^!°? ° finejin hauling out the crop or in ploughing '
mon impreSn thatTt r^;t ''^"'"' ^°"i-hf'^''^^^''' "°'' ^^ '^ maintained, without the
is a mX^e 'which'^a rise: f.SmSuTdt°°'?
it with collodion. Celluloid Tis .IS L^ill "I"* 'P™"*' ^'"'^ '■•'•"°^'''l ""^ «°0" ^«
tirelynou-explosive nnH In: '^'^^'^''^ en- seen, the borers are watched and followed
direc^t contact wilh flame Wh^^ ""^T '" T^' V^""'' ^''''' ^"-^ "^^^^ '^ ■•^'^'^'^ ^hem in
looks liratrairsarent^^^^^^^^ U their burrows and the damaged bark is re-
light yellow brown it c^nU^lT v' '^ ' T^^'^.'^''^' ''^'''^'«- ^^ treeslall others are
ar ivJry, rurra^lwayslLuc^a^'^ Tan'^bel^'Sl" -'-^'- ^'^^'^^-^'^ ^"^^ ^^--
ird-tracks.— The lower Connecticut
seems to be quite as full of giant fossil
acks in stone, as the upper region about
Turner's Falls. Coe and Fowler have un-
covered in their quarry on Powder Hill, in
Middlefield, a layer of stone indented several
large corporations ar
various
cell
itly washed by the tides, and each inco
molded into every conceivable form. WithlVallev
equal ease it can be colored in any tint de-'bird tr;
sired, the dye running through the entire
8ub.stance and being, therefore, ineff.tceable.
-All the celluloid made is produced by a sincj-le
company, with factories in Newark, N. °J.
Iso imported to
fourteen inches on the cen
•ffe cornor>itir>n« n,.., ,,«,„ „ ----- ..^. „. .v.,^ wica^^uio luurieen incnes on tie center
ivory eel uloi has m.doM,?- """'?"'" '." '''," '""'' ''""^ ^''^^ ^^ '^ «h°'-° '^'^^ was cvi-
ivory, ceiiuioici fias made great inroads in dontiv washed hv tho .i,io« n..,i „..„u .-
the English Consul, which we did by post
and alsoforwarded another by Gibraltar, witU
a power to him to advance £10. 10s. for pre
sent help, and to acquaint us the price of re'
demption, as Friends seemed desirous if pos
sible to procure his liberty. John Bland'
banker in this city, gave it credit for the drafi
of £10. 10s. But we have received no answet
or any information than that the letter h}
Gibraltar was duly forwarded from thence'
By his letter, which I have in my possession,!
It appears the English consul did all in his'
power for their relief, and to use his owni
words, displayed every mark of humanity!
towards them. As we have no answer, I am
desired to forward another copy through
French house, which I expect to do next
Sixth-day, the 3d inst.
Wm. Ellery, grandfather of Wm. Ellery
Channing, was Collector of Customs for New-
port, his native town. One of his grandsons
remembers to have ventured in early youth
to take a sheet of paper off' a desk at the Cus-
tom House, in order to write a letter. Wm.
Ellery stopped him and said: "My boy
you want paper, i ••• •
that is government paper.
trained in honesty in little things, we should
hoar of fewer defalcations
f
you some,; but
Were the youth
THE FRIEND.
367
THE FRIEND.
SIXTH MONTH 28
LONDON YEARLY MEETING,
he last number of The British Friend con-
8 a full report of the proceedings of Lon-
Yearly Meeting, which convened on the
of last month. From its pages, the fol-
ng information is collected.
'he statistical reports show the number of
rded ministers to be 173 men and 128
len; the whole number of members 14,710,
g an increase of 197 over the previous
•. This was mainly due to the additions
convincement, which amounted to 174.
! deaths exceeded the births by 30. Of
113 members married during the year,
Ivere married according to Friends' usages,
33 not according to Friends' usages. In
49 were married to those not members.
rhe epistle from Indiana stated that the at-
tion of that Yearly Meeting had been en-
;ed with the question, how they were to
D the necessary supjiort to those employed
the work of the ministry, in order th
ir service might not be limited by temporal
suits?
'his drew forth some comments: One
end "wasvery sorry for the allusion in the
itle to the support of the ministry. Such
guage and the course it would seem to re-
Dmend, were alike inconsistent with the
nciples that we professed."
\.nother Friend " was sure Friends might
,ke themselves easy in this matter. The
arly Meeting of Indiana was very desirous
follow out New Testament teaching on this
aject."
a.nother " had shai-ed the uneasiness and
leern on this point, and believed that any
lovation of this kind would be trenching
Another said, "there was no doubt that
ery many of our members were in the habit
of attending two places of worship — our own
n the morning, and elsewhere in the evening.
He ivas not reaty either to approve or disap
prove of this course."
This avowal of his own weakness as to the
support of our principles, fittingly preceded
the further remarks of the same person, that meetings, but he would say that
the Society of Friends did not enjoy the ful-
ness of religious liberty. " Was it ncM, in the
hearts of many of our ministers to take their
Bibles into meetings for worship, and preach
from them? Yet how many did not like to
use this privilege. Mauy, like himself, had
been called into the ministry in middle life,
whose memories were not, and could never
be, so stored with Scripture as those whoso
reli'^ious exercises wereof earlierdate. Again,
he Thought that if in those meetings which
obliged to go over the same ground again to
a second meeting, or still more when in the
middle of the week they were obliged to leave
iheir daily employment to attend the meet-
ings. We might show a noble testimony to
the world by holding such meetings in the
middle of business hours. He would not
condemn those who did not attend these
his own
experience, when it has been his privilege to
attend these mid-week meetings, with very
slight exception, that thej' had been to him
the most profitable of all meetings, although
frequently held in silence."
" Some Friends wished to introduce a read
service into our meetings, and even this would
be found not to be enough. He deeply valued
the Bible, but he grieved to see it placed in a
wrong position, fir there was a danger of men
coming to it, instead of to Him who gave ='
were not strong enough to hold general or Let us choose the Lord Jesus Christ as our
serial meetingsrany Friend, not a minister, President, and He will provide whether we
was left at liberty to bring his Bible to the remain in silence, or whether vocal ministry
meetincr, or leave it at home, it would conduce I take place." j. , . . • ^ . , a
to that ri-ht liberiy that we should enjoy." Another spoke of a district in Cumberland
Anothel- Friend in referring to the previous where five or six out ot seven meeting-houses
utterances, observed : " It was sometimes re- ' had been closed, and thought the cause of this
marked that we had no creed. This was in- 'decline was, that Friends had shut themselves
correct. If we had no binding and funda-;up in their privileges and rules. He thought
mental principles there would be nothing lour members needed more to go out into the
whatever to prevent one member from doing {haunts of misery and inv.te the people into
one thincr, and another another. But we the First-day schools. These works were a
really had principles, around which it was means of enlarging our borders,
our duty to rally, and which we ought to de- 1 Others thought the decrease of our num-
fend for it was on the maintenance of these ;bers in the agricultural districts was due to
that our existence as a Society depended. A 'the powerful influence of the clergy m those
Friend had seemed to wish to introduce the, parts. w*-„„
reading of Scripture into our meetings. The The deputation to Western Yearly Meeting
teaching of Barclay was very plain on thislpresented a report, which stated that they
question-If the ministry be a right ministry, I were enabled to remind F^jends of the Smaller
a Friend will never be at a loss for Scripture. Body, of the weakening effect of separations,
If the quotation was in the main correct, the and to appeal to them in the spirit of restor-
our midst. 'Freely ye have "-eceived ; . than fatty or s.xtj yea s a I ^.^ ,^^;,j^^|^ ^f. ^ , amount of privilege and
^^'^g'!!:..„S:!L"%?r,VKir.Tr ."tatild tii tLse wL
t;;arr^H-Svei^t£\i^:t;^;^s^fG^^^^
iristian truth. How were the expenses met
when tht
might have been, the deputa-
were men qualified to visit em-'tion could not ascertain that there was any
Peter, and Paul, and John ? By diligence
their outward avocations. Others, indeed,
id had the privilege of contributing to their
leds ; but it was another thing to have a
nd provided for the payment of ministers,
nd that was what we must all admit was
three hundred years ago."
Another Friend thus alluded to the marked
Would that we had such in our midst difference of view in doctrine between these
now''' Had"Te'rad7ucr'h7k"lieVed "that; Friends who retired and the recognized prin-
Tce rai>.ht have been preserved in Europe, ciplcs of the body. It seemed more to be due
ihers had taken so high a standard on th
aestion as Friends, and we had never taken
)0 high a ground. Might we still maintain
firmly and in its integrity."
The reports on attendance of meetings repre-
nted that those on First-day mornings were
enerally well attended. With some excep-
ons, most of the others were much neglected
y many.
In considering the state of Society there was
luch said by different persons, and various
leas held up. One speaker thought more
.ttention was needed to the Divine teachings
laid down in the Scriptures, and that some
And T Shillitoe was a comparatively unlet- to misgivingand mistrust of certain practices
tered man. The first principles of truth must which had been used by individuals it. revival
operate on our hearts as they operated on the and mission meetings, and which they be-
heartsofourforefathers, before we could have|lieved the Yearly Meeting practically recog-
nized."
In replying to a question, whether there
was much prospect of the object of the depu-
tation being obtained? one of their number
replied, that it could not be easily decided.
In the discussion which followed, one Friend
remarked: "The causes which operated in
causing this separation, in all probability,
operated still, an 1 it was these that demanded
difference between the attendance of meetings
on First-day mornings and at other times : —
" With regard to the attendance of First-day
morning meetings for worship how little credit
was due to us for the supposed satisfiictoryj investigation
size of the meetings. If Friends stayed away '
from these meetings what would they have
to do? So universal was the custom of at-
tending this one on First-day, that if a Friend
stayed away he would become a marked in-
dividual. Whilst he was glad to see them so
well attended, he felt we could take but little
toodly people were i^^S^^'^'^^J^^y j credit for it. The real test of the earnestness
iable|was inconvenient or difficult to carry out,
I when for instance, on First-days Friends were
.ad not been called
brgetting that the Lord called
ervice. [A correct sentiment which is
0 be misapplied.]
He rejoiced that the results of
the deputation were not valueless. He had
too much confidence in some of these Friends
that they would not be so much exercised
without good arising from it. He could not
close his eyes to the state of that continent.
The sanction which had been given by this
Yearly Meeting to some there had grieved the
hearts of many sound upholders of our prin-
ciples up and down amongst Friends in those
Yearly Meetings. He did not see that dis-
position on our part to meet our separating
368
THE FRIEND.
Fi-iends as brethren, which Wiis necessary for tan t church is departed from, and we are un
the healing of the breaches. Where was the consciously losing our strength. This neces
reconciliation which we had effected? We sarily brings sorrow and an^xiety to the con
had sent excellent epistles on unity, but the sisteut members of the Society of Friends
causes hud not been searched. The recovery | For, while these desire the maintenance of a
of the hurt of the daughter of the people of living concern for the spread of the kingdom
the Lord was yet distant, yet unattained, and
he feared would be unattained so long as wo
settled down in aconfident, selfsatisfiedspirit,
believing that we had done what was right,
and that there was no more to do."
From the Minutes of the Meeting for Suffer-
ings it appeared that the propriety of holding
a General Yearly Meeting for the Australian
colonies had been considered by some of the
bodies of Friends there, and the conclusion
arrived at, that the time had not yet come.
Meetings were kept up in the South of
France, Germany, Norway, and Brumana in
Syria. Owing to the severe military conscrip-
tion of Germany, the young men of Minden
Meeting generally left the country on arriv-
ing at the age at which they were liable to be
drafted.
The care of Friends travelling in the Ministry,
it was proposed hy Devon and Cornwill Quar-
terly Meeting should be entrusted to a com-
mittee of two in each Monthly Meeting, who
should lake charge of the travelling and lodg-
ing of such Friends while in their compass.
This was referred to the Meeting for Suffer-
ings, as was also a proposition from Durham
Quarter to include meetings for Scripture
reading and mission meetings in the Book of
Meetings.
A protest was drawn up at the infraction
of the principles of justice and Christianity
involved in the Zulu war now carried on in
South Africa.
During the past year, 150,000 copies of an
Appeal on War, had been distributed in var"
ous ways.
Six General Meetings had been held durin
the past year. In commenting on the repot
on this subject, one Friend said, " that if it
was thought that inviting the public to meet-
ings held contrary to our principles, would
increase the attendance at our ordinary meet-
ings, it was a great mistake."
Another was " uneasy at the reading of the
Scriptures, and singing being taken up as a
means of drawing people to our meetings."
The committee on this subject was continued
with some addition.
A committee was appointed to visit Friends
in Ireland, and on the 30th of the month the
Yearly Meeting closed.
of the Eedeemer among men, and the full ex
ereise of all forms of labor which rightly
grow out of that concern, they justly and pro
perly condemn the lack of faith in the Head
of the Church, and in the principles He ha>
given us to maintain, which leads some of our
members to think they can promote his cause
more effectually by ignoring and violating
those principles, than by adhering to them.
The same number of The British Friend con
tains some notice of Dublin Yearly Meeting,
which is deferred to our next issue
In our last number there was printed a
letter of J. F. Hanson, describing his labors
in Denmark. It was inserted through a mis
take of the printer ; for though some of the
information contained in it is interesting, yet
there are several expressions in it which are
unsatisfactory, and would not have been ad
mitted into our columns without comment.
The proceedings of London Yearly Meet-
ing, the reports presented to it, and the com-
ments of the different Friends who spoke
therein, clearly evince that there are still pre-
served among its members those who retain
their attachment to its original principles.
At the present time much attention is given
to various forms of mission work ; such as
First-day Schools among the poor and ne-
glected ; mission meetings, temperance meet-
ings, and other similar agencies. In carrying
on this work, some of those interested claim
and exercise the liberty to adopt methods
which practically set at nought our former
testimonies to the spiritual nature of true
worship, to the nature of Gospel ministry, and
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— During the past week Congress
has passed the three appropriation bills, and sent them
to the President. The Army and Legislative bills have
been approved by him, and the Judicial Expenses bill
has been returned to the House vetoed. The objections
urged by the President to this bill are very similar to
those contained in his previous veto messages. The
House sustained the veto.
Of the forty millions of four per cent, certificates
issued, only $47,120 remain undisposed of at the vari-
ous depositories, and nearly seventeen and a half mil-
lions of the amount issued have been converted into
four per cent, bonds.
The Journal of Commerce publishes a list of the dates
of the issues of different denominations of silver coins,
including one and two cent pieces. Pattern cents,
callel the "Washington cents," were issued in 1791
and 1792, and a few others about the same time. A
fevv silver " disme" and "half disme," as patterns, were
coined in 1792. The first regular copper cent was
coined in 1793, and ihence yearly except in 1S15, when
none were struck. In 1794, a dollar, half dollar and
half dime were struck, and thence yearly. The first
quarter and the first dime appeared in 1796, and thence
annually. Three cent pieces of silver were coined in
1851, and changed again in 1853. The nickel cent was
introduced in 1856. The twenty cent piece was au-
thorized by act of 3rd mo. 3rd, 1875, and its further
coinage prohibited in 1878. The two cent copper coin
was authorized in 1864, the three cent copper and
nickel piece in 1865, and the five cent copper and nickel
in 1866.
_ Professor Swift, of Rochester, N. Y., it is stated, has
discovered a new comet in the constellation Perseus,
right .ascension, 2 min. 30 seconds, declination north
58 degrees. It is quite bright, of strong condensation,
with a short tail, and moves about one degree per day
east of north.
One thousand and twenty Chinese immigrants arrived
at San Francisco recently, in the steamship City of
Tokio, from Hong Kong."
A boiler in an ore mine, near East Texas, Pa., ex-
ploded on the morning of the 21st, killing four men,
nd fatally injuring three others who died in a few
ours. Six others were injured but not fatally.
General Crook, who has just returned to Omaha from
a frontier trip, says the Indians are generally quiet, but
an outbreak may be expected if the stealing of the
Sioux' ponies is not stopped.
One of the most remarkable features in the trade of
the United States within the last few years,
crease of provision exports. Since the year 1860, twenty
to thirty per cent, increase is recorded every year. At
Markets, <S;c.—V. S. sixes, 1881, registered, 104|
coupon, 107J ; 5's, 1881, lOSJ ; 4i per cents, 10(
per cents, 102 a 103.
Cotton, 12^ a 12| cts. per lb. for uplands and
Orleans.
Petroleum. — Crude 6 cts., in barrels, and stan
white 6] cts. for export, and 9^ a 9J cts. per galloi
home use.
Fresh Fruits. — Apples sell in a amall way at $2.
$3 per barrel. Peaches, $3.50 a $4 per crate. St
berries, 7 a 15 cts. per quart, as to quality. Cher
7 a 9 cts. per pound. Gooseberries, $1.50 a $2.0C
bushel. Watermelons, $50 per 100.
Flour. — Minnesota extra, medium and fancy, |
a $5.25 ; Penna. do., at $5 a $5.50 ; western do.
$5.50 a $6, and patent $6 a $7.75. Rye flour, $3
Grain.— Wheat, $1.14 a fl.16 for red, .and $1.
$1.18 for amber. Rye, 60 a 61 cts. Corn, 44 cts. (
white, 37 a 40 cts., and mixed, 36 a 37 cts. per bus]
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 65 a 80 cts. per
pounds ; mixed, 55 a 65 cts. ; straw, 80 a 95 per
pounds.
Beef cattle.— The market is a trifle stronger,
sales .It 4} a of cts. per lb., as to quality. Sheep, .
4J cts. Hogs, 5| a 6 cts., as to condition.
Immense quantities of white potatoes are bi
shipped north from Norfolk, Va.,— 19,000 barrels v
shipped to New York on the 21st inst.
The mortality of Philadelphia last week was 240.
New York city 473.
Foreign.— The United States Minister to Mej
in a letter to the Department of State dated 5th mc
21st, reports a visit made to the valley of St. Mai
to witness a trial of American harvesters; the resui
which was satisfactory. He anticipates very favor
results from the introduction of agricultural mach
and implements ; the obstacles to the successful us
them are being overcome, and planters are prepai
for their introduction.
From recent accounts forty vessels were loadinj
the river Plata with wheat for Europe, although
growing of wheat on a large scale in the Argentine
public has only been carried on two or three ye
The country is filling up with emigrants from It
France and Germany, and promises soon to be a sh
competitor, in grain shipments, with the United Sta
Consular advices from St. Paul de Loando state
entrances into that port, during 1878, have been 9 :
glish mail steamers, 7 trading steamers, one brig :
7 men of war ; two French war vessels, 14 sailing i
sels; 10 Dutch trading steamers, 24 merchant vessi
one American schooner. The tr.ade in American fl.
has ceased on account of the poor quality of former
ports. American cotton goods and some other artic
the consul thinks, can compete successfully with
British in that market.
A low condition of trade is reported between Amer
and the Turkish dominions, which the consul char
to want of direct communication between New Yi
and Palestine. There is one mill, engine, boiler, <*
in Jerusalem, of American manufacture, and anoti
projected.
The Prince Imperial of France, who had joined
British army in South Africa, was killed in a skirm
with the Zulus on the 1st inst. His death has caut
quite a sensation in many parts of Europe, and seve
urts have gone into mourning as a mark of respeci
The late Baron Lionel de Rothschild was the I
survivor of the four sons of the founder of the gr
house of the Rothschilds, and the head of the Lond,
firm of N. M. Rothschilds & Sons. His death remov
the second generation, and the senior member of t
3hest family in the world.
England and France have united in demanding t
abdication of the Khedive of Egypt. Germany a
Austria give the Khedive the alternative of the f
ayment of the floating debt, or their co-oper.ation wi
England and France.
to the necessity of a special call to its exercise Ithat time' the provision exports were $16 612 443
on every occasion. Thus the standard of p78 they amounted to $123,.556,323, nearly $87,000,000
sound doctrine among Friends is not upheld j"*^"''"'^'' "''^P'''^^'^"'"^'^ ''"S P™'^'^'!''' "'one-
as it ought to be, our true position in the mili- , '^''u '""''?'=" ."".P""^ '•"■•'"S '^st month are said to
' ^ I ""ve been largely in excess of the same month last year
Died, on the 5th of 6th mo. 1879, in Salem, Oh
Lydia E., daughter of Chas. I. Hayes, in the 23d yt
of her age, a member of Salem Monthly and Particulf
Meeting
from tlu
Heavenly Father, and looked forward"to the end of lii
During her illness she seemed to be weani
from the world, was desirous of doing the will of hf
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
roL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SEVENTH MONTH 5, 1879.
NO. 47.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
fl advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Poatage on those sent by mail.
JOSEPH WALTON,
NO. 150 NORTH NINTH STREET.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
10. 116 NORTH POURTH STREET, UP STAIRS
PHILADELPHIA.
For " Tlie Friend."
I ladiaQ Affairs.
ilbe last number of The Council Fire dis-
uses several matters of interest relating to
'e Indians.
One of these is the eflf >rt making to intro-
!ce white settlements into the unoeeiipied
ids of the Indian Territory. In reference
i this it says:— , , . e
" The aspect of things along the borders ot
ansas and Missouri indicate unmistakably
at several thousands of while men are pre-
iring to invade Indian Territory with a view
make permanent settlement therein.
"It is the old story repeated. Tho white
an wants the Indians' home. Tho pretence
made that there are extensive bodies of
lod land in Indian Territory belonging to the
overnment of the United States, and hence
oen to settlement to its citizens. Under
iese circumstances it is right and proper
ditioned upon the settlement of other Indians
or Freedmen upon these lands.
"In plain words the government has no
ownership of the lands, and cannot have with-
out a sale from the Choctaws, Creeks and
Cherokees. In iho matter of the Creek lands
some portions have been appropriated and
paid for, or payment assumed by the govern-
ment. The government has no lands subject
to pre-emption and homestead by white men
within the limits of Indian Territor}-, and all
schemes for settling upon any lauiis therein by
white men are in violation of lawful treaties.
See Revised Statutes, section 2118, which
reads :
" ' Every person who makes a settlement on
any lands belonging, secured, or granted by
treaty, with the United States to any Indian
tribe, or surveys or attempts to survey such
lands, or to designate any of the boundaries
by marking trees, or otherwise, is liable to a
penalty of one thousand dollars. The P
sideut may, moreover, take such measures
and employ such military force as he may
judge necessary to remove any such person
from the land.'
" This is plain language, and worthy the
attention of every citizen, especially those
who are leaguing themselves together to in
vade Indian Territory."
" The scheme to settle this country is simply
the result of the defeat of the ' Territoriahzers'
in the late Congress. There are several rail-
road companies interested in having 'Indian
Territory opened up for settlement.' It is
currently and boldly asserted that 'funds are
not wanting to sustain the invadr- •- •" -•"
in the new
the people of the United States should
le intend to do right, but that they are somo-
imes misled by designing men, and hence
lay consent to wrong tloing, under misap-
Tehension. We have given the question ot
ndian title to the country known as InJian
"■erritory careful examination, and we find
hat the Government of the United States has
lonfirmed to the sever.il tribes now located
.herein, as complete and bona pie title as it is
)ossible for it to confer, to wit: % J;''!'' ^^F^;-
•ate treaties with the Choctaws, in 1820, IS-^U,
1855 and 1866; by four with the Creeks, to
tvit 1828, 1832, 1855 and 1866; by five trea-
ies'wiih the Cherokees, to wit, in 1828, 1835,
1846, 1866 and 1868; in all thirteen treaties,
in each of which the question of title was con-
firmed to the several tribes. No man has
ever questioned these titles, except so far as
the lauds lying west of 96 degrees west longi-
tude. The condition of these lands is simply
this- The government secured the right to
locate alien tribes on the Choctaw lands in the
treaty of 1855 ; upon the Creek and Cherokee
lands lying west of 96^ in the treaty of 1866,
the price of the lands to be paid to the owners
either by the government or the tribes lo-
cating therein, and in no instance has tne
government obtained a title to tho lands, but
in every instance th
lieve that the scheme points to a breaking up
of the autonomy of the Indian tribes in the
territory, and a general destruction of all
treaty pledges."
It is sincerely to be hoped that the proela
mation of President Hayes, warningallcitizeni
against taking part in such flagrant violation!
of law and right, may prove effectual; and
that tho Government of the United Slates
may not relax its vigilance and determination
10 check this intended invasion.
The case of the Ponca Indians is also re-
viewed. Of ihese, it says:—
"In April, 1877, under the authority of the
Indian Office, the Poncas, some 700 in num-
ber were removed from their old reservation,
in Dakota, to the Indian Territory. They
had attained to a tonsiderable degree of civil i
zation, lived in comfortable log houses, wore
o-arments after the lashion of the white man,
Ssed the furniture and implements of while
men, of similar degree, cultivated their lands
and sent their children to a flourishing school
surrounded by, and subjected
is, has not satisfied them. Malarial diseases
have thinned their ranks, and they pined for
their old home.
'■Some thirty of them stole away from In-
dian Territory, and were making their way
northward, when they were arrested by the
military and imprisoned preparatory to being
sent back to Indian Territory. A writ of
habeas corpus was issued in their behalf, call-
er for the grounds upon whicb they had been
restrained of their liberty. No crime was
lleged ; no invasion of the rights of others;
no Threats of violence on their part. The re-
turn to the writ, was simply, as I understand
it, that they were Indians, who had left their
reservation without a permit from the agent ;
and the Government was exercising the right
claimed, to send them back, and to inriprison
them as a means of putting that right in
force."
"Judge Dundy, of the United States Court
at Omaha, who had under consideration tho
application for a writ of habeas corpus, de-
cided in favor of the discharge of the Indians.
The following are the points in his opinion :
" 1. That an Indian is a person within tho
meanino' of the laws of the United States, and
has the^-efore the right to sue out a writ of
habeas corpus in the federal court and before
ederal judge in all cases where he may be
confined or in custody under the color of au-
thority of the United States.
That Gen. George Crook, respondent,
bein"- commander of the military department
of the Platte, has custody of the relators
der color of the authority of the United
States, and in violation thereof.
"3. That no rightful authority exists for
removing by force any of these Poncas to the
Indian Territory-, as Gen. Crook has been
directed to do.
•' 4. That the Indians possess a right ot ex-
patriation as well as the more fortunate white
race, and have the inalienable right to ' lite,
liberty and the pursuit of happiness,' so long
as they obey the laws and do not trespass on
forbidden ground ; and
" 5. Being restrained of their liberty under
the color of the authority of the United St ites,
and in violation of the laws thereof, Standing
_ear and his party must be ^discharged from
custody and it is so ordered."
The same paper contains a copy of a peti-
tion from respectable citizens of Yankton,
Dakota Territory, asking that the Poncas
may be allowed to return to their old reserva-
tion-lands in Dakota, which still belong to
them, and are unoccupied— the Sioux having
declined to settle thereon.
Standing Bear, who was one of the Poncas
imprisoned by Gen. Crook, and discharged by
the decision of court, appears among the re-
lease has been made con-
S^d^^t^:=^-at:;;:i7^m^|c;nt;ubser^ers,.''The^
' the Sioux ; and hence it was deemed best, with | so warmly defends the rights of his people,
their quasi consent, to remove them to the ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^.^^^^
Indian Territory. . - - j^ jan-er,^f we w.alk not in the fear of the
hich
The new location, rich and beautiful as i
greater our
Lord.
THE FRIEND.
•• For The Friend
Some Exlracts from llie Diary and Icltcrs of Ebenezer
Worth.
(Continued from page 362.)
To Robert Scotton and Joseph Elkinton.
3d mo. ]7tli, 1847.
Dear Friends: — llaving understood from
Joel Evans' last letter that Robert was spend-
ing some time in tbe city, I feel inclined to
addre.-s a lew lines to 3'0ii. * * * You
are both aware that settling an old account
i)etween such parlies as P and the In-
dians will take up a good deal of time, and be
attended with trouble. 1 have sometimes
Mattered myself that Friends would be able to
get some suitable person to come out and as-
sist in that, and to take charge of the concern.
If I have done wrong in thus flattering my-
self, I desire our Divine Master may forgive
me. If it is his blessed will that 1 should re-
main here, surely it must be right ; thisaffords
consolation. I feel the necessity of more
resignation, a willingness to be anything or
nothing, as it may please Him, who is able to
bless the labors of his weakest instruments,
(if I am worthy at all to be called an instru-
ment), and make them fruitful of good. I
feel desirous to give the whole matter up (in
relation to my stay here) to Him who is for-
ever worthy to rule and reign in and over his
people, in a conversation with Moses (Pierce)
some time since, my feelings (were) hurt to
hear him reflect as he did on Friends, for not
doing more to help him out of his troubles;
he compared the situation of the heirsof Corn-
planter to a flock of sheep with a wolf among
them ; he said J. and J. had gone home and
left them in the hands of the wolf I talked
with him more plainly than I had ever done
before, and told him Friends wished to assist
them in getting this business settled. J. and
J._ had come out for that purpose, and had
tried hard to eff^'Ct it; that they themselves
had opened the door and let in the wolf; th
their own act had got them into their present
difHculties; that there was only one way foi
them to get out, — the way they had been ad
vised to. I had tried to convince them that
the favorable circumstances under which they
held their land ought to be an inducement to
try to keep it. In conversation with one of
them, in order to work a little upon his fee
ingsand strengthen his attachment to their
reservation, I told him, I wished them to keep
it for four reasons, one of which was that it
was once the property of old Cornplanter,
upon which he lived, died, and was buried.
I have since felt it necessary to be careful not
to try to settle their affections too much on
earthly things, lest it might draw them fro
that which is infinitely better. So far as
regards industry, I have tried to persuade the
Indians generally that it was a religious duty
to be industrious and make a good use of our
time in trying to get an honest, comfortable
living for ourselves and families. *
A few days alter getting through with the
liquor business mentioned in my last to the
Committee, I found a little note under the
door of the school-house informing me that I
and two others had better be on the lookout,
that T. and F. was preparing, and vengeance
declared. I understand T. and F. to mean tar
and feathers ; this made me feel rather un-
comfortable for a short time. I have since,
through unmerited mercy, been much favored
at seasons to feast on true enjoyment; their
threats now, do not concern me. I have also
at times felt of late, great weakness and dis
couragement, and have remembered " that
the Lord could make the barren wilderness a
fruitful field :" may all the fruit here and else-
where be unto the Father, with his dear Son.
******
In love I remain your friend,
E. Worth.
Diary resumed.
1847. 4th mo. 3d. I (visited) Amos Thomp-
son, an Indian, he has been unwell for some
time— there seems but little prospect of his
being restored to health. I read some in the
Testament and talked to him, after which we
sat awhile in the quiet. I thought I felt the
language of encouragement for him.
4th mo. 4th. I have been tried with dis-
couragement; (but) my "sitting" this morn
ing closed in a degree to satisfaciion ; took a
walk after dinner, and was truly comforted
and strengthened.
7th mo. 27th. Since the above (was writ-
ten), I have passed through discouragements
and trials, which I have no doubt might have
been borne with more fortitude and patience
had I kept my ej'c more single to our Divine
Master. 1 have, notwithstanding, through
his unmerited mercy, had seasons of comfort
and refreshment. Within a few days, I trust
I may say, I have felt my mind in a degree
humbled and comforted. I feel more resiu-na-
tion is wanting to the will of a kind and mer-
ciful Master.
9th mo. 7th. I have been mercifully favored
with a renewed sense of the goodness and
mercy of the Almighty, to bear with, and re-
visit me. Oh ! may tiiese seasons of mercy
and enjoyment, with the covenants I have
made, be borne in mind, and if I should be
spared to read this in years to come, may I
profit by it. Oh! that in my time that is to
come, there may be more of the fruits of
righteousness' than in the past. Last First-
day was a week, the 29th of last month, was
a day of enjoyment; I spent the afternoon to
my comfort, had an open and satisf\ictory op-
portunity with Isa;ic Snow; also one with
quietness, nor soul-satisfaction, can be en joj
no sitting down in the kingdom of God,
drinking of the rivers of pleasure that art
his right hand, can bo attained to or partal
of — William Shewen.
Life and Adventure in Japan,
BY E. WAKREN CLARK.
(Continued from page 362.)
Nearly three hundred years ago the foum
of the Tycoon dynasty dwelt in a great cas
This castle was at Shidzuoka, and was s
rounded with high walls and broiid mo
with water flowing through them. Thiscas
is now in ruins, and fire and earthquake hs
left little there save the walls and moats a
crumbled towers shaded by patriarchal pin
For a century or more these castle grour
remained unoccupied, and the birds a'nd w
animals had learned to make it their horn
while the city still thrived without the wal
and grew in crescent form around the bro;
outer moat of the castle.
After I had lived a year at the Buddh
temple, already described, the goi-ernme
decided to build me a house in foreign sty
and I was requested to select the most su
able site for its location. My two frien
Katz and Okubo, who had been councillo
in the court of the last Tycoon (and who we
more recently instrumental in calling me
Japan), were the persons who built me tl
house, as a gift from San-mie-san, a litt
prince of the province, whom they had
charge. This little prince was greatly r
spected in the region, as he was descendt
from those who had ruled the country f(
three hundred years, and would have bee
the present Tycoon had not that power bee
overthrown.
Katz and Okubo thought my temple hon
too far away from the school and too unpr.
tected, besides being inconvenient in man
ays. They wisely proposed the new hous
and I chose the deserted castle grounds as th
best place upon which to build.
The Japanese carpenters had never seen
Moses and his wife xMary, m which I was foreign house, nor were they familiar wit
tavored to feel a concern for their spiritual ( modern methods of construction • neither di
prosperity, and language to express it. I laid |I consider myself an architect, or capable c
"'"'■'■'- -"Very explicit directions. But I wanted a hous
awake a good deal of the night following,
which I had sweet ])eace and enjoyment.
9th mo. 23d. I left my boarding-house this
morning to go to see Samuel Patterson, hav-
ing been requested by his father to call and
talk with him on the subject of his intemper-
ance; had a pretty satisfactory opportunity
with him, for which I felt in a degree thank-
ful. Returned home, and in the afternoon
had my week-day "sitting," it was a highly
favored season, I know not that I remember
one more so; I think I may say 1 was merci-
fully favored with the spirit of prayer, greatly
to my comfort and encourageaient.
(To
It is a precious state to feel the mind staid
upon the Lord, walking in his way ; to know
the girdle and bridle of Truth, and a beino-
girdled and bridled with it; to know every
high thought and imagination brought down
anci subjected unto Christ the light, the way.
This is possible to bo known now, as in times
past. It is in the thoughts, will, and im-
aginations that the enemy of man's happiness
gets and builds his strongholds ; and until
they are broken down, subjected and de-
stroyed by the power of God within, no peace,
well built, comftrtable, and secure. So w
determined to overcome all obstacles. I drev
up the plans with care, and for nearly sii
months hundreds of stone-cutters and cat
penters were engaged in executing them. I
portion of the embankment on the corner o
the castle moat was cut away and ficed wit!
solid masonry, constructed from stones drawi
from the ruins of the old castle tower. The
stones for the walls of the house were brou<'h
from a neighboring province.
I experienced much pleasure in watchinc
the progress of ray crude architectural ideas
as they slowly assumed solid reality. Bui
the work was no child's play; for not onlj
did the ground plan and apartments have to
be mapped out, but every thing inside and
outside the house had to be explained, for the
Japs had no rao.-e idea of their meaning than
the man in the moon. Doors, windows, stairs,
closets, chimneys, and other minor details ha(i
to bo drawn and presented to the head car-
penter by pictures and measurements. Some-
times the most amusing mistakes would occur,
owing to his never having seen the obfects in
question. The carpenters were ski'lful in
imitation beyond anything you could believe.
THE FRIEND.
371
jy brought back the most perfect little
iels of the things described, and it was
lorn necessary to correct them,
tfter the work of building was fairly com-
aced, the coof was completed in a month,
I the heaviest part of the foundation in two
nths more; for j-ou must know that it
uld be decidedly contrary to Japanese
racter to do any thing except in a manner
ectl}' opposite to all our preconceived no
on the subject. In a Japanese house the
f is always built first, and the other parts
erwards ! With a kind of celestial instinct,
y always commence at the highest point
I work downwards. In all the lesser oe-
)ations of daily labor, such as digging, saw-
;, planing, cutting lumber, boring holes, or
ning screws, the Japanese do just exactly
1 reverse of what people do on the other
nisphere.
The chimneys, hy the way, were the most
sterious part of the house lo the carpenters.
r a long time they could not be prevailed
on to build them ; but at last they broke
es through the floors and roof, and, with
I aid of the stone-cutters, put them in.
They regarded the building of the house as
wonderful achievement, and hundreds of
ople from all over the country came to see
supposing that all houses in America were
ilt in the same style.
On the south side of the bouse a court yard
seen, where I gave a " stereopticon exhibi
)n" on Christmas eve to several hundred
ilighted Japanese, the parents and friends
my students. The evening was beautiful,
id the people came early with printed tickets
lat invited them to "atrip in imagination
irough foreign countries and the starry
javens!"
Not the least interesting part of the enter-
/inment to them was the opportunity given
f viewing the interior of ray house. Ushers
ere appointed to guide them around, and for
|n hour the people poured in and out of the
ouse, uttering all manner of exclamations of
ponder at what they saw. And well they
pight, for the poor creatures had never been
ccustomed in their own homes to any thing
^e would call comfort. Living and sleeping,
,8 they do, on straw mats, in simple wooden
fouses with paper windows and shutters, and
yithout any thing that we could call furni-
Jure, except little lacquer tables a foot high,
)f course a foreign house, furnished in Ameri-
:an style, appeared to them luxurious beyond
lescription.
They examined every object with the mi-
nutest care; carpets, rocking-chairs, table-
30vers, writing desk, mirrors, lace curtains,
ihandelier, beds, and bureaus— all were of
oreat novelty to them. The brilliant-colored
oil-cloth in the hall created astonishment as
they walked upon it, for they could not im-
agine what it was or how it could be made.
The walls and ceilings were covered with
bright-tinted paper of various patterns— for
we
lation to them exceeding the novelties of the be taught by Him. Frequently read the Holy
parlor, bedrooms, or well-stocked pantry
When it was dark I seated the people on
straw mats in the court-yard, and delighted
them with the stereopticon entertainment.
Thej^ had never seen such a sight before, and
the beautiful pictures of scenes in America
and Europe were like glimpses into another
world. The revolving astronomical diagrams
excited great astonisnment. I tried to prove
by the shadow of the earth on the moon, and
by the ship sailing around the globe, that our
world was round. But the old folks shook
their heads, and were sceptical on that point ;
for they had been in the world longer than I
had, and knew it was flat!
(To be continued.)
*"* For "The Friend,
Morning Devotion.
The practice of turning the thoughts to our
Creator, when we first arise in the morning
refreshed by a night's slumber, is one that
many Christians have felt to be very profit-
able to them. It is good for us to have the
spirit covered with a sense of the Divine
Presence, and that living desires should as-
cend on high for preservation in the fear of
the Lord through the labors and exposure of
the day.
In adopting and recommending the advica
contained in the following; brief paragraph-^,
the writer desires to explain, that by the use
of the word " pray," he does not mean simply
an utterance of words which may be addressed
to the Almighty without the heart being so
impressed as to enable it to offer true prayer,
but he refers to that waiting on the Lord in
reverential silence and in fervent exercise of
nd, in which the spirit of prayer is often
felt to arise.
MORNIN(i PR.^YER.
What rules of life do you give to your
young Christians?' I am often asked. ' Only
our morning prayer.' .,..<■,
'■ If I can secure a few quiet, thoughttul,
sacred moments on rising, the influence goes
all day with the soul.
"Before the mind touches study or busi-
ness, or gets absorbed in any line of duty,
pray. Before any temptation has met you,
pray. The time to put your armor on is the
morning. Have a few moments of close coun-
sel with 3-our wisest Instructor.
" I would thus urge on the young Christian
jnst what I feel the need of myself.— S. P.
Powell.
Scriptures and the writings of your own So-
ciety ; which would, as you obey the Truth,
strengthen you to turn your back upon all the
seductions of Satan, the corrupting amuse-
ments of the day, and the attractions to mingle
with those who are enemies to the cross of
Christ. Religion is an inward work ; and all
who really know it abide with their Lord,
both in his sufferings, and when his banner
over them is felt to be love. — Philadelphia
Yearly Meeting, 1860.
Burials. — Our members are tenderly ad-
vised and cautioned against a growing ten-
dency in the present day to conform to the
ways and customs of the world, in relation
to the expensive coffin, habiliments and floral
decorations bestowed upon the perishable
body upon the occasion of its burial. The
desire was expressed, that in reference to the
two first-named departures from simplicitj'
on these solemn occasions, we may let our
oderation be more fully known to all men ;
and that the other practice intended or calcu-
lated to drown solemn thoughts of death and
the grave, may be withstood by all our mem-
bers.- 1877.
Adtlitional Advices.
Boohs.— The reading of pernicious books
is a source of much danger, particularly to
young persons. There are some pretending
to advocate the cause of religion, which tend
to settle the reader in a mere belief in the out
ward coming of Christ, yet overlooking his
spiritual appearance in the heart, and the
work of regeneration by his Holy Spirit, with-
Lord declared, that no man can
out which ou
^dTnTu^se^'phTs'te^c'eilVngs in this land of'see the Kingdom of God. Tliese we believe
earthquakes-and the Japanese understood are instrumental ,n obstructing ^^^ '^y^l
the wall paper very well, tbr it is from Japan religion, and the spreading ^ft'^^I^^ f.^^^^^e
that Euroneuns first -ot the idea of covering Prince of Peace. We would affectionately
tnatJ^uiopeansQui^u e, ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ members, to keep upon
their walls with paper
But when the Japs, especially the ladies,
came to explore the kitchen, their admiration
for the cooking-range and chimney was un-
bounded. They had never seen ovens, or ap-
pliances for baking, roasting, &c., and every j
thing in the culinary department was a reve-
their guard against these insidious attempts
to draw the mind away from submission to
the washing of regeneration and the renewing
of the Holy Ghost, which their Saviour would
effect in their hearts. Dear young Friends,
love retirement, as at his feet, that you may
Accepting Responsibilities.
We have often had occasion to notice with
disapproval the spirit so common among men,
and not altogether unknown to women also,
of desiring high and prominent positions in
political, commercial, literary or social life,
and the many unworthy and undignified
efforts made to obtain them. From the long-
ing of the school boy for pre-eminence in his
base ball club to the secret craving for the
President's chair, this spirit is rife amotig us,
and to it we may trace much of the ineffi-
ciency of execution, the perversion of means,
the unfaithfulness to trusts, and the general
coiruption which inflicts such grievous stains
upon our organizations, and frustrates so
much of their power for good.
There is, however, an opposite extreme,
into which another very different class of peo-
ple is in danger of falling, and which, while
winning a kind of sympathy, from its utter
antipathy to all trickiness and wire-pulling,
is yet to be regarded as a deplorable public
calamity. We allude to the unwillingness of
good and capable men and women to assume
positions of trust and importance to which
they may be appointed. It may be thought
that this is so rare a defect, and forms so re-
freshing a contrast to the eager feverishness
of office-hunting, that it needs but little re-
probation. Yet this is not the case It is
surely quite as important that all places of
trust be filled with suitable officers as that
unsuitable ones be kept out. Indeed it is only
by the former coming to pass, that the latter
can he possible. So whenever the right man
declines, from any cause, to fill the place for
which his talents or education or native quali-
ties peculiarly fit him, he inevitably contri-
butes a large share towards putting the wrong
man in. Probably but few persons realize
that this is so. To decline an honor seems so
natural a thing to a modest person, so merely
negative an act, so utterly innocent ot any ill
intention, that it cannot involve any responsi-
bility or be the cause of any injurious effect
Yet, when we reflect that, to one person well
fitted for an honorable position, there are
probably a hundred eager aspirants who are
not at all qualified to discharge its duties, we
371
THE FRIEND.
shall see thut the retirement of that one i
the turning point which throws the work ul
most certainly into incompetent hands. True,
the lack of competence is the usual plea mmlo
by those who shrink from assuming respons
bility ; but, unfortunately, it is those who ar
best qualified who usually feel this lack, while
the careless and unthinking, eager only foi'
the emoluments or the eclat of the work they
sue for, are loud in proclaiming their general
abilities and special fitness. Such modesty,
then, however pleasing to look upon, should
give way before the judgment of others, and
learn to distrust its own convictions, rather
than suffer them to imperil a good cause.
Many other reasons are also urged for re-
fusing positions of trust. Want of leisure,
pressing duties, the tbanklessnessof oflSco, its
publicity, its criticism, oftentimes its unde-
served reproach and censure. It is true that
such objections are often based on facts. Valu-
able public work by no means receives all the
honor and gratitude that it deserves. Self-
sacrifice is sometimes rewarded by obloquy,
and earnest effort with indifference or scorn!
But what then ? Is there not another side to
be realized ? Is not all this effort and self
denial, and even suffering for the good of the
community, a means of paying a large debt
which is due to society? Ancient civilization
taught the slrong to use the weak, and the
wise to use the loolish, as stepping-stones to
further power and glory for themselves, but
the civilization which is born of love and
charity teaches that strength and wisdom,
and talents, and power, and education, and
money, and leisure, and every other privilege,
should be freely offered as stepping stones on
which those less favored may climb to heights
which would otherwise be wholly inacces-i-
ble. All or any of these advantages are so
many obligations to use them for the general
good. "Noblesse oblige" is as true as it ever
was in feudal timts, and bears even a higher
application.
If each one who possesses any good thing
i.s bound to see for himself that it is doing its
reasonable work for the world, surely, when
his fellow men, conscious of their need of it,
combine lo ask him to use it for their benefit,'
he should have grave and weighty reasons,'
indeed, to justify him in declining. It ig
longer the honor that is done to him that
should be uppermost in his mind, but the ser
vice that is due to them. The first he might
resign, but the latter he dare not, if he would
be faithful to his trast.— Public Ledger.
TEACH ME TO LIVE.
Teach me to live ! 'tis ea.sier far to die ;
Gently and silently to pass away,
On earth's long night to close the heavy eye,
And waken in the realms of glorious day.
Teach me that harder lesson, how to live
To serve Thee in the darkest paths of life •
Ann me for conflict now ; fresh vigor give, '
And make me more than conqueror in the strife.
Teach me to live 1 my daily cross to bear,
Nor murmur though I bend beneath it's load
Only be with me ; let me feel Thee near ;
Thy smile sheds gladness on the darkest road.
Teach me to live, and find my life in Thee ■
Looking from earth and earthly things away •
Let me not falter, but untiringly '
Press on, and gain new .strength and power each day
Teach me to live! with kindly words for all •
Wearing no cold, repulsive brow of gloom';
Waitmg, with cheerful patience, till Thy call
" -uy spirit to her heavenly home.
LINES.
May we so live, that when we die.
We may mount to realms on high.
Prove the pleasures which arise
In a blessed paradise.
Mingle in delights eternal.
Where the .scene is ever vernal.
And adore the Lord, who reigns
In those bright celestial plains.
. A CONCLUSION.
There's no abiding city here,
That rears its spire in yonder .sphere
But unto it the coast is clear
For those who live in holy fear.
Who keep the sacred presence near.
C.
Original.
C.
Summons i
THE TURNED LESSON.
" I thought I knew it," she said :
" I thought I had learned it quite !"
But the gentle teacher shook her head.
With a grave, yet loving light.
In the eyes that fell on the upturned face,
As she gave the book
With the mark still set in the self-same place.
" I thought I knew it !" she said,
And a heavy tear fell down,
As she turned away with bending head;
Yet not for reproof or frown.
And not for the lesson to learn again,
Or the play hour lost ;
It was something else that gave the pain.
She could not have put it in words.
But her teacher understood,
As God understands the chirp of the birds
In the depths of an autumn wood ;
And a quiet touch on the reddening cheek
Was quite enough ;
No need to question, no need to speak.
Then the gentle voice was heard,
" Now, I will try you again,"
And the lesson was mastered, every word ;
Was it not worth the pain ?
Was it not kinder the task to turn
Than to let it pass
As a lost, lost leaf that she did not learn ?
Is it not often .so.
That we only learn in part,
And the Master's testing time may show
That it was not quite '' by heart '!"
Then He gives, in his wi.se and patient grace,
The lesson again.
With the mark still set in the self-same place.
Only stay by his side
Till the page is really known ;
It may be we failed because we tried
To learn it all alone.
And now that He would not let us lose
One lesson of love,
(For he knows the loss), can we refuse ?
Then let our hearts be still.
Though our task be turned to-day.
O ! let Him teach us what He will.
In his most gracious way.
Till, sitting only at Jesus' feet.
As we learn each line.
The hardest is found all clear and sweet.
_^__^__^ —Good Words.
Religious Itrras, &c.
Mourning Attire.~The German Baptists at
their meeting for the Southern District of
Ohio decided that it was not in harmony
with the Gospel for brethren [as they term
them.selves], to wear crape on their sleeves
when acting as pall-bearers. The New York
Independent criticises this action in a light
SjJirit, by saying, " We have on several oJca-
siona examined specimens of crape, and have
been unable to see anything in it not in har-
mony with the Gospel." The Primitive Chris
tianm its reply, says. The Author of Chris-
tianity gave special charges to his disciples I o^cial
not to make a display to be seen of men when unite
performing their rel:
queries whether the same piinciploa wou
not "discountenance any mere forms of mour
ing at funerals? Nature has its method f"
expressing its sorrow, and Christians net
no artificial or ornamental signs to dispU
theirs."
It very sensibly adds, " Funeral badges at
apparel make expenditures which many ca
not afford, but if the custom obtains, tl
necessary articles must be procured, althou^
those on whom the expenses fall have not ti
money to spare to procure them."
The Presbyterian Church and Romanism.-
At the recent meeting of the General Asset
biy of the Presbyterian Church at Saratog
the action of the Assembly of 1835 was r
affirmed, which states its belief that the Roma
Catholic Church has essentially apostatize
from the Christian religion ; and which recon
mends its members "to endeavor by the di
fusion of light by means of the pulpit and tfc
press, and all otherproper and Christian mean
to resist the extension of Romanism, and lea
its subjects to the knowledge of the truth."
At the late meeting a resolution wasadoplei
protesting against the political ambition (
Romanism and its sectarian demands for th
public funds.
First-day in Chicago.— The Chicago Interit
says :
"The picture of nearly three thousan
saloons in full blast on Sunday, from an hou|
before any church doors are open, to an hou
at night long after the se.-Jtons have closej
them, is a dark and fearful one — fearful o
account of the ruin which is already reaji
ing, and still more fearful when we think o
the harvest of ruin that may be before ufj
But the picture is not darker than the factsl
It is a picture true to the life. We vividi'
recall to mind, that it was on precisely such "1
Sunday night eight years ago— a night follow
ing a Sabbath utterly desecrated by revelrj
and drunkenness in all parts of the city— thai
the great fire originated, which in thirty-sij
hours, laid the greater part of it in ashes
buried hundreds of victims under its ruins
and clad all hearts with dismay or despair
But here we are to-day, utterly oblivious o
the lesson, utterly reckless of the danger, with
precisely the same elements of demoraliza-
tion, and the same causes of destruction, which
existed then, all in full force again, and to alii
appearance, with a tenfold increase of power
(or evil. This resurrected metropolis of a
great Christian people, in her pride of atheism,
her greed of gain, and her insane lust of for-
bidden pleasure, has not only set God's law
at defiance, and the laws of the State of
Illinois at defiance, and the public sentiment
of all the law-abiding classes of her own citi-
zens at defiance, but by solemn vote and or-
dinance, has decreed that so far as the liquor
traflJc can destroy it, there shall be no Sab-
bath of rest in Chicago— other trades and
business occupation may cease, but this one
privileged class shall go on unmolested, and
unchecked."
Religion and Morality in Germany.— The
Sunday at Home contains an article on this
subject, prepared by Wm. Tallack, of England.
Ho says, "it is impossible for the friends of
that great historic empire to divest them-
selves of the gravest anxiety on its account
wjien, as recently and at present, many of its
"""'■ ' thorities and most honored citizens
public lamentations over a
)us services.
And it'tieeadence in the condition of the national
THE FRIEND.
ion and morality, and over a marked
rapid increase in the statistics of crime.
For example, tbere appeared in the lead-
English newspapers, a few months ago,
tement, that 'The Chaplain of the Im-
il family preached a sermon before the
)eror and Imperial faniilj-, in which he
:e of the present state of morality, or rather
orality, in Prussia, in very strong terms.
3aid, "Affection, faith, and obedience to
word of God are unknown in this country,
is our great German Fatherland, which
erly was justly called the home of the
. On the contrary, it really seems as if
ere the father of all lies who now is wor-
ped in Prussia. What formerlj' was con-
red generous and noble is now looked
with contempt ; and theft and swindling
icalled by the euphonic name 'business.'
riages are concluded without the blessing
he Church, concluded 'on trial,' to be
:en, if not found to answer. Wo still
) a Sunday, but it is only a Sunday in
e, as the people work during church hours
spend the afternoon and evening in riot-
in public-houses and music-halls; while
ipper classes rush to the races, preferring
lear the panting of the tortured horses to
the word of God, which is ridiculed
he press and turned into blasphemy in the
ular assemblies." '
W. Tallack feeling it very difficult to accept
h a gloomy picture as the above as a faith-
description of German society, yet being
bio absolutely to reject it when coming
m so authoritative a source, took occasion
■ing a recent visit to Berlin, to refer to
ise complaints by the Imperial chaplain,
i appealed to various persons in religious
ieivi I ofiBcial positions for their own opinions
the subject. It was sad and surprising to
d an almost unanimous agreement as to
! truth of these allegations; though there
iS not quite the same amount of unanimity
to the causes of so deplorable a state of
airs. But there was found to be a general
icurrence of opinion that the great war of
70-71 between Germany and France was a
•ningpoint in the national history, and
It since that date things have been going
cidedly from bad to worse. Published
itistics show, that during five years from
72 to 1876 inclusive, crimes against life and
e person have increased 50 percent.; and
iraes against morality 56 per cent.
"A careful series of house-to-house inquiries
Berlin, show that in less than one house
,t of every eighty is there any regular use
even possession of the Bible. So small is
e proportion of the attenders at religious
orship in the German capital, that, to a
>pulation of more than a million, there are
dy one hundred and ten ministers of re-
gion, both Protestant and Catholic. The
'erage number of persons in each congrega-
Dn is below one hundred."
This deplorable condition of things is not
lused by ignorance, for the people are geue-
■lly well educated ; nor by the absence of
•tistic taste, which is well developed, and
ipplied with abundant objects for its exercise
1 collectionsof pictures, statues, and museums
'various kinds; nor by intemperance
One of the most fruitful sources of the con-
impt in which religion is held is the con
sction between the church and State — the
lurch being considered as little more than
ae of the departments of the government
The counsels of the ministers of religion could
scarcely be expected to have much weight
with the people under these circumstances.
Though the Government enjoins the study of
the Scriptures in the public schools, yet some
of the University professors whom it appoints
and pays, are permitted to issue books of a
most skeptical tendency, which irreverently
attack the fundamental principles of Chris-
tianity.
One of the most fruitful sources of evil to
Germany is the enormous development of the
military s3'stem. Conscription forces the men
and youi hs into the army by the hundreds of
thousands, and there in the barracks and
among their comrades, they are exposed to
gross temptations, without the restraining in
fiuences of home-life to protect them. Cora
parativel3' few can stand the pressure unin
jured, and the moral corruption thus pro
duced is a greater evil to Germany than the
pecuniary burden.
The author thus sums up his article : — " It
is not the supremacy of the militarj' or of
the police, it is not the power of the cannon
or of the prison-coll, but it is the mightier
sovereignty of the principles of the Bible and
the Gospel that can alone restore Germany
to a healthy social condition."
Natural History, Science, &c.
Kungu Cake. — During a portion of the
year, the northern dwellers on Lake Nyassa
have a harvest which furnishes a singular
sort of food. As we approached our limit in
that direction, clouds, as of smoke rising from
miles of burning grass, were observed bending
in a southeasterly direction, and we thought
that the unseen land on the opposite side was
closing in. and that we were near the end of
the lake. But next morning we sailed through
one of the clouds on our own side, and dis-
covered that it was neither smoke nor haze,
but countless millions of minute midges called
kungo" (a cloud or fog). They filled the
air to an immense height, and swarmed upon
the water, too light to sink in it. Eyes and
mouth had to be kept closed while passing
through this living cloud : they struck upon
the face like fine drifting snow. Thousands
ly in the boat when she emerged from the
cloud of midges. The people gather those
minute insects by night, and boil them into
thick cakes, to be used as a relish— millions
of midges in a cake. A kungo cake, an inch
thick and as large as the blue bonnet of a
Scotch plowman, was offered to us ; it was
very dark in color, and tasted not unlike
caviare, or salted locusts. — D. Livingstone.
At a recent meeting of a scientific company
in England, a specimen of this cake was ex
hibited.
The Eruption of Mt. Etna.—k. correspondent
of the London Times, writing at Taormina,
Sicily, on May 29th, gives an account of ih
eruption of Mount Etna. He says: On the
night of May 25lh there were continuous
murmurings from Etna, but, this not being
an uncommon occurrence, it attracted but
little or no attention. On the morning of
the 26th these murmurings increased, and I
called the attention of a servant of mine to
the fact, but he positively tlenied that the
sounds proceeded from the mountain at all;
he rather thought the noise was made by the
surf beating on the seashore eight hundred
feet below, a dull sound which it much re-
sembled. Somebody called attention to the
glass rattling in the window frames, and
somebody else suggested earthquake, a sug-
gestion which was met with derision. How-
ever, at about half past 12 p. m. a dense cloud
of smoke was seen to be issuing from the
^ eat crater of Etna — that is, as well as its
origin could be traced amid the clouds with
which the mountain was covered. It was a
broad cloud, which stretched over the land
and over the sea until it was lost on the hori-
zon. It had a very red, or rather it might
bo described as of a burnt sienna color, and
minute specks of ash began to fall, but not in
any quantity ; we could trace it in its course
far into the night, and, in fact, until we all
went to bed. On the morning of the 27th all
seemed in repose: not a cloud was upon the
mountain, save the flat cloud with a lump in
the middle, which often overhangs the crater
in the summer months, and which the Sicilians
call "the Cardinal's Hat." But at half-past
eight a dense cloud was observed to issue
from the earth upon the northern slope of the
mountain, as well as could be judged, about
half-way between Linguagrossaand Randazzo,
but much higher up the mountain. This cloud
grew and spread, and became so dense that
the whole mountain became perfectly invisi-
ble; the light became so much obscured that
t resembled the darkness produced by a total
eclipse of the sun, and a rain of fine black
ash, like powdered emery, commenced. So
heavy was the fall that the promontory of
Naxos, but two miles distant, became per-
fectly invisible. This black rain continued
the whole of the day; loud reports could oc-
casionally be heard from the mountain, and
no doubt now remained that an eruption on
a grand scale had commenced. No positive
information could be obtained as to its exact
locality, for nobody could ascend the moun-
tain under such circumstances. Etna is so
enormous and so precipitous and rugged that
a voyage of investigation in such a rain of
ash and such darkness would have been al-
most an impossibility. We did all we could
to obtain news, but very little that could be
depended upon was acquired.
All night this black rain went on. About
midnight huge fires could bo seen looming
through the dense clouds. In the morning a
most extraordinary scene presented itself;
the whole face of nature was black, the hills
and plains wero black, the seashore was black,
the usually dazzling white roads were black,
the roofs of the houses wore black. My gar-
den is just now a mass of flowers, but everj'
leaf, every petal, every cup, was loaded with
black, the edges of the petals giving a bright
line of the color of the flower. If a breath of
wind passed, a black shower fell from the
trees, and still the black rain went on. The
effect upon the mind was most depressing.
This ash penetrates everything; it is found
in closely-shut linen drawers, in close boxes ;
it is all "among my paper as I write, and it
seems to take delight in, inserting itself in
one's food — for two days I have been chewing
grit. The effect of trees and figures in this
universal black is very strange, the colors
standing out with startling brilliancy.
At two o'clock in the day I started on
horseback to Piedmonte to try and gain some
posili^
news, and heard that three craters,
each about a mile apart, and situate like the
points of a triangle, had opened in a valley
about six miles above a postal station called
Passapescaro, a place nearly midway on the
374
THE FRIEND.
road between LingUMgrossa and Kandazzo —
a most difficult place to reach, as lodging of
any description could not be obtained within
14 miles, over precipitous and rugged ground,
with every path obliterated by the ash, the
mountain thundering and vomiting fire in
unknown directions, with the terrible dark-
ness and eternal rain of black ash, and gene-
ral consternation everywhere. The lava was
said to be flowing, but only its reflected light
could bo seen at night, as it was in a valley
which, as far as I can ascertain, must be next
the " Valley del Bove."
My eyes were most painfully inflamed by
the fine ash as I returned, as were those of
my horse. My pockets were full, my boots
were full; it was down mj' neck, in my hair
and beard, and my ears were blocked up with
it; the polished surface of my saddle was
ground away with the grit. On the road
home I came upon a priest enlarging upon
the eruption to a select audience of contadini,
and ventilating hia knowledge by describing
the destruction of Pompeii, and, among other
accuracies, described the sentinel at the Hor-
culaneum g;ite sticking to his post through it
all, and being found with bis gun 1800 years
after.
At night the scene was magnificent; a
tremendous stream of lava, many miles long,
descended in the apparent direction of Kan-
dazzo, while from the new craters great balls
of fire were thrown high in the air and burst
into showers of fire, like gigantic rockets, ac-
compinied by thundering explosions. This
morning the explosions are still going on ;
the stream of lava seems more active than
ever, but the ash has much diminished, and
although much of the mountain is obscured,
iL is by a cloud apparently of vapor rather
than of ash, and this gives indications of clear-
ing away, when the whole scene may beco
visible. Two English gentlemen left h(
this morning to try and reach the craters
Public Ledger.
Healthful Effect of Fire.— I). Livingstone
in his travels in Africa observes, that " in oc-
cupying one night a well-built hut, which had
been shut up for some time, the air inside at
once gave us a chill and an attack of fever,
both of which vanished when the place was
well ventilated by means of a fire. We have
frequently observed that lighting a fire early
in the mornings, even in tiie hottest time of
the year, gives freshness to the whole house,
and removes that feeling of closeness and
languor which a hot climate induces."
The residents of the unhealthy lowlands
along the seaboard portions of our Southern
Stales are well aware of the health-preserving
effect of a little fire on the open hearth, in
the mornings and evenings of even hot and
sultry weather. A resident on the Isle of St.
Helena said she had a fire kindled daily dur-
ing the sickly season from the Sixth to the
Tenth month.
Sugar from .il/awnVius.— Something like one-
tenth of the sugar in the world is produced
in Mauritius. M'Culloeh, in 1858, put down
the world's produce at 1,250,000 tons. In that
year the island produced about 120,250 tons.
In 1862 3 the crop produced 165 000 tons, the
largest quantity ever made in Mauritius in a
single crop. These figures are independent
of sugar made from beet or other sources be-
sides the cane. The crop during the coupe
just over is estimated at 125,000 tons. Of
consuming annually about 7,500 tons. Beet-
root sugar can be classed among the natural
enemies of the cane; the very mention ot
name in Mauritius acts like the wave of a red
flag to a bull — a good year for " beet" mean
ing a bad year for sugar; a failure in the
former crop will add several shillings to the
price of a hundred weight of cane sugar,
difference which means to the planter a good
income for the year, or the reverse. Beet
sugar is encouraged by bounties by the French
Government; hence its cheaper production
and its rivalry with cane sugar. — Frazer's
gazine.
THE FRIEND.
SEVENTH MONTH 5, 1879.
We have received a number of communica-
tions from different parties in America and
from one person in England, referring to the
Editorial in No, 36 of the presi^nt volume of
" The Friend," which contained the doctrinal
minutes i>sued by the Select Yearly Meeiino-
of those who separated from Ohio Yearly
Meeting in 1854.
The first of these, in point of time, is from
one who feels himself aggrieved by the ex-
pression, "the heresy of E. Hicks and his
followers,'" as used in that editorial. He says,
" Hicksite is an ajipellation wo never acknowl-
edged. * * There is a large number with
us who accept the Scriptures as Friends al-
ways have, and believe that the Holy Spirit
alone can truly interpret them. Our discip-
line I believe acknowledges all the ofiices of
our Saviour, as does yours, and whatsoever
is to be savingly known of the outward is,
through obedience to His inward and spiritual
appearance in the heart. * * Our discipline
is a sufficient refutation of our denying the
divinity of Christ, and the authenticity of
the Holy Scriptures." After some further re-
marks he intimates that it would be well for
those who have the oversight of " The Friend,"
to "avoid unjustly and reproachfully calling
us Hicksites."
We desire to avoid all unjust and reproach-
ful language, and have no intention to use
terms which can properly bear such a con
struetion. But in consequence of the division;
which have been effected in our Society ir
the last fifty years or more, there are several
independent bodies claiming the name of
Friends; and if reference is made to the doe
trines or movements of these, there must be
some distinctive appellation used, or the read
ers of our paper will not know to whom we
'lude.
As to the doctrinal questions involved, we
can unfeignedly rejoice in every evidence
that those going under the name of Friends,
or that any other branches of the Christian
church, are being preserved in soundness of
faith, or are being brought nearer to that
standard. We would rejoice to know that
many of the fellow-members of our corre-
spondent hold the same views as ourselves
with regard to the atoning sacrifice of our
Saviour, as well as to the necessity of experi-
encing His work in our hearts in order for
salvation. We have no harsh or unkind
feelings toward these, or toward those with
whoso doctrines wo cannot unite. But that
there did exist a difference in doctrine at the
this the larger portion is exported, the island time of the separation in 1827, is shown by
the document then put forth by those w
whom our correspondent is associated, whi
declares: "Doctrines held by one part
Society, and which we believe to be sou
and edifying, are pronounced by the oti
part to be unsound and spurious." In pi
portion as the difference hero avowed coas
to exist, will the partition wall between t
two bodies be removed.
A letter from England suggests that it w
a mistake to state in the editorial we are cc
sidering, that "London Yearly Meeting w
the first to accept that body of separatii
[the Binns' Meeting] as a meeting in uni
with it;" as the writer thinks that the {
knowledgment of it by some of the oth
Yearly Meetings preceded in point of time t
action of London Yearly Meeting. We ha
not at hand the data to verify this stateme
(which does not affect the main subject-matt
of the editorial), but we mention it, from t
desire to be just to all.
A letter from a member of the Binns' Mes
ng in Ohio says, that many of their mem be
have no unity with the act of the Select Me(
; and further states that the account of
published in " The Friend," "I find to be a
mitted to be a true and correct report of t
action in 1877, and also in 1878." This writ
states that he had been informed by mei
bers of their Select Meeting, that the del
gation of English Friends were not prese
when the subject was introduced, having pr
viously left on their VV^estern journey'. W
think this information cannot be correct, b
cause wo have received a letter from one
his fellow-members, who says that he wj
present vchen those minutes were adopte
The letter contains the following paragrapl:
" The English deputation is referred to in il
article [the Editorial of 4th mo. 19th]. Tt
of them were present when the minute of "!
was considered, and they heard the doctrin
views there expressed, &c."
The letter last referred to enters into a
explanation of the meaning and a defence i
the minute before quoted in our Journa
which il says, " Appears to bo too brief an
not explanatory enough to be correctlj' ui
derstood." We quote from it sufficient 1
enable the reader to understand the meanin
which the writer attaches to the minute :
"I am persuaded that the apparent diffe
ence among Friends of your Yearly Meetin
and ours, is largely owing to our standpoints
and mediums through which we look, t<!
gether with the side of truth upon which w
look. There are a number of short extract
from George Fox given, which, to ray min(,
clearly show that the author did not rightl,
view the language of the minute he commenti
upon. No Friends with whom I am aii
quaintcd (and I was present when thos
minutes were adopted), would at all deny th
truth set forth in those extracts; there b8
been no one among us who has, to my know
edge, ever intimated a denial of the great an.
fundamental truth that the Holy Spirit visit
or influences the hearts or minds of all mer
hence the language of the minute, ' the Hoi
Spirit is sent to convince the ungodly of sin
&e. The minute is very brief, and hence doe
not state just how this is done ; but I presum
that no one would object to the statement
of George in their connection, 'that ever
man is enlightened by the Divine light c
Christ ; that the grace of God that brings sa
vation appears to all men, and that a man
THE FRIEND.
375
fatlon of the Spirit is given to every man
[profit withal.' These are ditterent stale-
■nts of a truth that we all believe. But
iiat that nainute repudiates is the unscrip-
ral statement that a portion (which accord-
» to Webster means a part) of the Holy
Krit is placed in the heart of every one.
hen the doctrine of the li;<ht within is so
,ted as to convey the thought that the Holy
Irit, or Christ by the Spirit, influences or
tits the heartsof all men for their salvation
are is no objection to the expression ; but
the minute the moaning intended is staled
be a gift of a portion of the Holy Spirit in
B heart of every one."
Without calling in question the sincerity
the writer of this letter, we remark that
3 apology he presents is by no means satis
story to us. According to him, the whole
itter aimed at in the successive minutes is
mere abstract idea, which no part of the
■cietj' of Friends entertains, so far
low, in any improper or incorrect sense. To
tack the doctrine of the Light of Christ in
e heart, and issue a formal protest against
merely through a fear that some minds
iy become involved in a metaphysical cloud
to the propor meaning of the phrase, a "por-
■n of the Holy Spirit," is little better than
lemn trilling. It is as irrational as it would
to denounce the scientific views of one
ho should speak of the sun's coming into
room, where his rays entered. The ex-
■ession " a measure or portion of the Hdy
nrit," has been in constant use by the So-
3ty of Friends from its early days. Thus
jbert Barclay in his Apology, § 11, Prop,
and 6, says :
" God, who out of his infinite love sent his
)n, the Lord Jesus Christ, into the world,
ho tasted death for every man, hith givento
ery man, whether Jew or Gentile, Turk or
sythian, Indian or Barbarian, of whatsoever
ition, country or place, a certain day or time
'visitation : during which day or time it is
)ssible for them to be saved, and to partake
■ the fruit of Christ's death.
" That for this end God hath communicated
id given unto every man a measure of the
iht of his own Son, a measure of grace, or a
easure of the Spirit, which the Scripture ex
resses by several names, as sometimes of tht
eed of the kingdom, the Light that makes all
lings manifest, &c.
" that God in and by this Light and Seed,
ivites, calls, exhorts and strives with every
lan, in order to save him; which as it it
iceived and not resisted, works the salva
on of all, even of those who are ignorant of
le death and sufferings of Christ, and of
.dam's fall. * * By which "ho are saved
ley that have the knowledge of Christ outwardly."
This fundamental doctrine of the Gospel as
eld by the Society of Friends is that which
y the language of the minute of the Binn-i
elect Meeting is aimed at, and described as
dangerous, unsound and unscriplural."
Our correspondent appears to have con-
inced himself that something else isintended ;
at so long as the language remains unaltered
Qd the holding of our ancient views on this
abject i^ regarded as a " manifest disqualifi-
ation for the station of minister or elder,"
be outside world cannot place any confidence
1 the doctrinal soundness of the body that
isued it, whatever may be the senlimants of
idividuals among them.
In order to guard nigaiast the cavil, which
has now again been raised after the lapse of
200 years, Robert Barclay further says, in § 13
of same Propositions, " By this Seed, Grace
and Word of God, and Light wherewith we
say every man is enlightened, and hath a
measure of it which strives with him in order
to save him, * * we understand not the
proper esr^ence and nature of God, precisely
taken, which is not divisible into parts and
measures, * * but wo understand a spirit-
ual, heavenly and invisible principle, in which
God as Father, Son and Spirit dwells; a
measure of which divine and glorious Life is
in all men as a Seed."
As we are writing mainly for those who
profess to hold the doctrines of the Society of
Friends, it is not needful to repeat the texts
of Scripture and the solid arguments by which
Robert Barclay establishes the truth of the
positions here quoted from his book. Those
who are desirous of examining further into
this subject, can obtain his Proposition on
Universal and Saving Light, which is bound
by itself separate from the Apology at large,
and kept for sale and distribution at Friends'
Book Store, No. 304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
Dublin Yearly Meeting convened on 4th mo.
30th. When the reports from the Quarterly
and Monthly Meetings were read, respecting
the condition of the various meetings for wor-
ship and discipline, a Friend spoke on the
ed of walking circumspectly, so that pro-
fessing one thing, when we go out into the
world, we should not practise another ; we
should take up our daily cross and deny our-
selves, and follow the meek and lowly Saviour
in simple obedience to the manifestations of
his Spirit. We should avoid indolence, and
be diligent in business, so as to be able to at-
tend our week-day meetings without leaving
it to the world to say that it would have been
belter for us to mind our business than to go
to meeting.
Another Friend remarked : " We require
silent waiting before the Lord to receive that
nourishment and instruction which we stand
in need of. The Society has a literature of
deep and instructive volumes by minds deepl}'
opened by the Spirit of Truth. In Dublin
there are those amongst us who feel that there
is an unauthorized ministry, and I believe
this is one cause whj' our meetings are not
more numerously attended."
Attention was called to the increasing num-
ber of mixed marriag.'S, twelve out of twenty-
three being contrary to the rule. This seems
to indicate that the alteration in marriage
rules has not decreased the evil. When per-
sons are united in marriage and are not united
in religious feeling, it cannot result in the
moral and religious welfare of their families.
A proposal to let the Yearly Meeting circu-
late by holding it at different places on dif
ferent years, was left over for consideration
another j'ear.
The statistical returns showed the whole
number of members to be 2948. of whom 173
were children. The number of deaths during
the year exceeded the births by five.
A Friend calling attention to the neglect of
the second meeting on First-day, said, " I
have faith in our holy profession ; if the mem-
bers would gather together in silent exercise
before the Lord we should not go away un-
comforted or unsatisfied. Hearts would be
brought into united exercise that would be
blessed of the Lord ; there would be raised up
amongst young and old those who would
speak well of the Lord's name. I have faith
in united exercise, when we feel that our in-
terests are the same in the same spirit and
the same hope of eternal life. He who as-
cended up on high and received gifts for men
would communicate those gifts."
Another (whose proper place would not
seem to be in membership with the Society
of Friends) said, that in George Fox's time,
the Bible "was much used" (as the context
plies), in our meetings for worship. This
is an erroneous statement, for though there
are references to such use in the writings of
our early members, yet it is spoken of in such
a way as to imply that it was not a customary
thing. The same person spoke of many of
our members going elsewhere to b j converted,
and sending written requests for prayer else-
where and not to us, as an evidence of the
want of spiritual life annong us. The Bible
he called the Word of God, and said it was a
grave mistake putting the Scriptures in the
secondary place.
In reply to these remarks, one Friend said,
" We have been gathered 250 years by Gospel
principles. One of these testimonies is that
the Word of God is He who was in the bosom
of the Father b^-fore the world was. I pui it
to the meeting if it will be right to use these
opportunities to overturn or controvert the
established doctrines of the Society."
Another thought, " the great cause of our
leanness is that our mindi are so preoccupied
wiih thin:;8 around, that the Lord does not
get that full surrender He should have of our
time, energy, talents," &c.
Another said, " Mourning, lamentation and
woe are written on every page of our history
of late years. We are gradually sliding aside
from the testimonies wo were raised up to
proclaim to the world."
Another: "Our very standing as a Society
depends on individuarfaithfulness. The read-
ing of Scripture will not do what we want.
We want to come to meet our blessed Saviour,
not to hear man. We want more consecra-
tion. * * * The Lord will bless the provision
of Zion. He wdl satisfy her poor with bread.
' Ask and ye shall rec-jive. Seek and ye shall
find. Knock and it shuU b- opened unto you.' "
Another spoke of our Society as being in a
transition slate, and said, " Putting the Scrip-
tures before the Spirit lies at the root of the dif-
ference between early and modern Friends."
He further remarked, '■ If wo had not the
Scriptures, which tell us of that satisfactory
propitiatory offering of himselfby Christ upon
Calvary, the law of the Spirit of life would
still condemn sin in the heart, and giving up
to His convictions, we would come to know
tho old man to be crucified and slain, and to
experience the baptism of the Holy Ghost,
and of fire, and of ihe new man to be raised
within us by His resurrection power, and to
eat of that flesh and drink of that blood of
which the Saviour said 'Except ye eat the
flesh and drink the blood of the Son of Man,
ye have no life in you.' Are we in this dis-
pensation—of which it was declared, 'I will
pour out my Spirit upon all flesh, and their
sons and daughters shall prophesy' — in a
worse condition than Enoch and Abraham,
and Isaac and Jacob, of one of whom it was
said ' Abraham rejoiced to see my day, and
he saw it and was glad !' The early Friends
did not come to a knowledge of the doctrines
of truth by studying the Scriptures ; they had
376
THE FRIEND.
all that, before they came to know them, but
they came to a knowledge of the doctrines we
profess, by experiencing in themselves. Wil-
liam Penn clearly shows, that there is no re-
ligious body that values the Scriptures more
highly than Friends do. But they held that
to be the Word of God, which was in the be-
ginning with God, and was God, and was
made Hesh and dwelt amongst us. Let us
prize the Scriptures; let us read them in
private and in our families; but when we
come to our meetings, let us come up to
higher platform, to worship 'the God of Abi
ham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of
Jacob.' To Him, thefountain of living waters,
the early Friends gathered in their meetings
for worship, and in the overflowing of his ful-
ness they found abundant sufficiency for all
their need. But now some think that with-
out reading the Scriptures in our meetings
for worship we cannot get along, and thus,
this people is turning back to those things out
of which this Society was gathered."
The Clerk, at a subsequent sitting, pro-
duced the following minute, which was agreed
to: "We fully acknowledge the liberty which
every individual Friend has of making use of
the Holy Scriptures, by reading a portion in
meetings for worship, as he may be led by the
influence of the Holy Spirit, and under the
directing power of the Head of the Church,
but wo would affectionately express our judg-
ment that care should be taken in this respect
to do all things in good order, and subject to
the same judgment as communications in the
ministry."
The old edition of the Book of Advices of
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting to its members
having been exhausted, the Meeting for Suf-
ferings has issued a new edition, in which
are included some of the advices issued by the
Yearl}' Meeting from time to time since the
preparation of the previous edition.
As many of these contain valuable hints
applicable to the present time, we believe it
will be acceptable to some of our readers to
see thera in the columns of our paper. We
commence their publication in the -present
number of our journal, under the headin,<,
"Additional Advices." We trust some wlio
may read them will derive instruction there-
from, and be strengthened in their desires and
efforts to live in accordance with the Chris-
tian standard.
We have received the fourth number of the
American Antiquarian, containing interesting
articles on mounds, shell-beds, and other traces
of the former inhabitants of this country, and
on the history, movements and character of
the Indian races.
The first article is on the Emblematic
Mounds of Wisconsin, and contains several il-
lustrations of such structures, built in the shape
of animals, such as deer, bear, squirrel, &c.
Notice is given that the publication office
lias been removed from Cleveland, to Nos.
102 and 164 Clark street, Chicago.
tion of the wind, southwest. Maximum velocity, thirty
miles per hour.
The President's veto of the marshals appropriation
bill was received and read in the House on the 30th.
The question being taken on the passage of the bill over
the veto, it failed for want of two-thirds in the affirma-
tive. A message was also received from the President,
urging immediate appropriations for marshals and theii
deputies ; but it was expected Congress would adjourr
without making any such provision. The Senate Fi-
nance Committee has postponed the further considera-
tion of the House bill providing for the redemption of
trade dollars, until the next session of Congress.
On the 27th ull., a boiler in the saw-mill of A. Wilt
& Son, on Front St. near Brown, in this city, exploded,
wrecking the boLler-house and several dwellings in a
court near by. The engineer, and a woman and two
children living in one of the dwellings, were killed.
The receipts of the Government for the year endin
6th mo. 30th, were $265,500,000; the expenditures
$256,900,000: leaving a surplus of $8,600,000applicable
to the sinking fund.
A comprehensive review of the production and prices
of American iron, recently published, shows some
markable fluctuations. The effect of our present tariff,
first showed itself clearly soon after the close of the civil
war in 1806, when there was a sudden leap to 1,350,313
tons, from 931,582 tons in 1865. The amount produced
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— According to the local weather
report, the average temperature for the Sixth month
was 71.7 degrees, which is just the average for the past
nine years. The highest temperature was 93 degrees,
on the 1st, and the lowest on the 7th, 49 degrees. The
number of days on which rain fell, fourteen ; and the
total rainfall 6.77 inches, which is three inches above I patent and other high erad,
the average for the last nine years. Prevailing direc- 1$3.10 a $3,124
thenceforward rises steadily until the maximum of
2,868,278 tons is reached in 1873, falling after the panic
to 2,093,236 tons, in 1876, then rising again to 2,577,361
tons last year. Prices and their changes are even more
striking. A ton of pig iron in 1844, cost $25.75. Not-
withstanding improved methods of smelting, the tariff
and a depreciated currency carried the price up to
$59.25 in 1864. In 1873 the cost of a ton was $42.7 .5,
and the lowest figure was reached last year, $17.62. A
ton of iron rails cost *62.25 in 1848, $126 in 1864,
$76.66 in 1873, last year $33.75.
The U. S. Assay Office in New York, has received a
pecimen of the great meteor, which recently fell in
Northern Iowa, the largest piece, weighing about 380
pounds, having been dug out of fourteen feet of earth.
A cursory examination shows the presence of a large
tity of soft iron, something, it is said, rarely dis-
covered in such conditions. One or two other of its
constituents are interesting from their rarity. The
assay will be of no small interest to the scientific world.
The new Guion steamer, Arizona, left New York at
5.35 A. M., on the 17th of 6th month, and arrived at
Queenstown at 7.20 A. M., on the 25th, which is stated
to be the shortest passage ever made.
Late on the afternoon of the 2Sth ult., two storms
met over the lower part of Baltimore, and swept the
water front of that city, doing great damage. Nearh
one hundred buildings were unroofed, and window
broken by hail. One man was drowned, and several
injured by being blown out of their carriages or over-
turned in their vehicle^).
The report of the Agricultural Department for 6th
mo., shows the acreage of oats has decreased about 4
per cent., and the general condition is utifavorabl
nearly all sections of the Union. The decrease in rye
is about the same. Corn is backward owing to th
drought. In some localities the seed did not germinate
The condition of clover is very low except in the Ne\
Kngland States, and those bordering on the Gulf of
Mexico. The prospect for fruit is unfavorable. A
carefully prepared paper on the prospects of the pen
insular peach crop, estimates the marketable yield a
3,997,000 baskets. At home there will be from 500,000
to 1,000,000 baskets, dried and canned, so that the en-
tire crop is expected to be about 4,000,000 baskets.
The deaths in Philadelphia during the p.ast week were
253. Since the beginning of the present vear 7887, which
IS an increase of 156 over the same period last year.
Markets, &C.—V. S. sixes, 1881, registered, 104J; do
coupon, 107J; 5's, 1881, 104; U per cents, lobi- • 4
per cents, 103|. '
Cotton. — Sales of middlings at 121 a 13 cts. per lb.
for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum— Crude, 6 cts. in barrels, and standard
white 61 a 6| ct.s. for export, and 9} a Of cts. per gallon
for hom*^ 11'='^ T.J.-.Qno,l ^II at „ .?::_.,_ t _ _i "'t 4^
:. Linseed oil, 64 a 65 cts.; Lard oil, 48
Sperm, 77i cts. for crude, and 95 a 98 cts. per
gallon for refined.
Fresh Fruits.— Apples, $2.50 a $3.00 per barrel.
Peaches, $3.50 a $4 per box. Strawberries, 5 a 25 cts.
per quart, as to quality. Raspberries, 15 a 17 cts. per
nt. Cherries, 7 a 9 cts. per pound.
Flour.— The market is dull and steady. Minnesota
extra, $4.50 a $5.25 ; western do. at $5.50 a $5.75, and
a $8. Rye flour,
Grain.— Wheat market firmer^red, $1.18 ;
$1.18 a ♦1.20. Rye, 59 a 60 cts. Corn, 41 a 44
Oats, mixed, 34J cts., and white, 36 a 38 cts. ; ch.
40 cts. per bushel.
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 70 a 85 cts. per
pounds ; mixed, 55 a 65 cts. ; straw, 85 to $1 per
pounds. There were sold during the week 308 li
of hay, and 40 loads straw.
Beef cattle— 4723 head arrived and sold at 3| a 6
as to quality. Sheep were dull and rather lower, 15
head sold at 3 a 4| cts. per pound ; lambs, 4^
as to condition. Hogs, 5J^ a 6 cts. per pound.
Foreign.— rAe Standard in a financial article of
26th ult. says, a novel feature at the Bank of Engl
was the receipt of £120,000 from the United States,
mitted in payment of called American bonds, retur
to New York for redemption.
The total number of pieces coined at the Bri
mint during last year, was 24,491,230, representin
value of about $13,928,960. There were 22,S2.3,
British coins, the value of these, gold, £2,132,24-3 1
silver, £614,426 Us. lOd. ; bronze, £18,664 Is. 3id.
Recent estimates do not place Great Britain" as
wealthiest country, as has been considered. Fra
values her private property, real and personal, at $
110,600,000, and her navy, palaces, public buildi
and other public property, excepting highways,
$1,475,000,000, making $44,58.5,600,000. Aggrej
estimates for England, Scotland and Ireland, with
public highways, is $42,500,000,000. Real estate
France greatly exceeds in area that of England, wl
the latter there is a great excess of personal prope
over the former.
From Berlin it is reported that arson is rife i
Petersburg and in every part of Russia. The town
Szyran, on the Volga, has been nearly destroyed by f
liiformation received from East Russia, states t
resides the 12,000 exiles appointed to leave Niz
Novogorod this summer, there are 3000 at Kazan 1
5000 at Samara, thus making an aggregate of 12,i
persons; and this does not include the vast num
arrested at St. Petersburg, or the Nihilists in prison
nearly every town, which is expected will increase
number to 50,000. The Russians who have emigra
to Brazil are returning in large numbers to Europe.
The Indian Government has received informati
that Abdul Rapman, the pretender to the Afgh
throne, who h.as hitherto lived under Russian prot
tion, has invaded Badakshan, and that the Afgh
troops in Balkh have revolted.
According to oflScial statistics, Holland exported
the sixteen years, from 1861 to 1877, more than ei^
ruillion dollars worth of onions and flowers, an avera
of half a million dollars worth a year.
In a lecture at Amiens, Ferdinand de Lesseps stat
the first sod of the Panama Canal would be turned
1st mo. 1st, 1880, and that with 40,000 navvies, inch
ing some Chinese and 15,000 Brazillian negroes, t
work would be completed in eight years.
It is expected the St. Gothard Tunnel will be co-i
pleted by the end of 11th month. The polr
reached on the Airolo side is 1281 metres, that on t
Goeschenen side 649 metres from the centre of t
mountain, and it is expected the junction of the t'
galleries will be made some 300 metres from the cent
on its southern side.
The exports of Egypt in 1778, were about $40,00i
000, in 1877 about ^60,000,000, and in 1876 about S9'
000,000. These figures, says a correspondent of ti
London Times, are worthy of study by every one
holds Egypt a rich country and able to pay her dell
The assigned reason for the decrease is the falling off
the crops.
CORRECTION.— In essay " The Seed of the Kin
dom,'_' in last issue of " The Friend," at 32d line, &
margin, read " manger."
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
Our friends Benjamin W. and Rebecca G. Passraoi
having resigned their positions as Superintendent ar
Matron of VVesttown Boarding School, Friends wl
may feel drawn to engage in the important and respoi
sible duties of superintending this Institution, are r
quested to communicate with either of the undersigned'
The present ^Superintendents desire to be released '
4th month next, or earlier.
William P. Townsend, West Chester, Pa.
John S. Comfort, Fallsington, Bucks Co., Pa,
Charles J. Allen, 304 Arch St., Philadelphia,
Elizabeth R. Ev.an.s, 322 Union St. "
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Pa.
Deborah Rhoads, Had(fonfield, N. J.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOh. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SEVENTH MONTH 12, 1879.
NO. 48.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY,
ice, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
JOSEPH WALTON,
NO. 150 NORTH NINTH STREET.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
T NO. 116 SOBTH POORTH STREET, UP STAIRS
PHILADELPHIA.
life and Adventure in Japan.
BY E. WARREX CLARK.
(CoDtiaued from page 371.)
A very large proportion of the tea exported
)m Japan to the United Sla'es comes from
is Province of Suruga, in wliich I lived. I
18 therefore much interested in watching
e cultivation of the tea-plant, and visited
e fields frequently to see the leaf prepared.
The tea-bushes are not more than breast-
»h at full growth, and the young plants are
ite small. When first set out they are al-
sved to grow three 3'ears before any of the
ives are taken ; alter that the leaves are
ishly picked each season, yet the plant
rives, and lives about a man's lifetime.
The plant is never stripped entirely, but
ily the bright green leaves are plucked
hieh appear on top of the bush in the spring
id summer. If the older leaves are ever
eked, it is simply to make a coarser and
leaper quality of tea. The very finest quality,
id that which costs several dollars a pound,
■en in the province where it is produced, is
ade entirely of the delicate shoots found at
le tip end of the stem in early spring, just
I the tiny leaf is in process of forming,
bese minute shoots are carefully picked first,
id the leaves below them are gathered after-
ards.
Upon approaching the tea-fields we find
imbers of young girls and women scattered
nong the bushes, and busily eng:iged in fill
ig their baskets with the fresh leaves. They
■e chatting merrily together, and to our
ankee ej'es it seems like a good-sized huckle-
srrying party in JSiew England ; for the style
' picking is the same, and the bushes are
milar, only instead of yielding berries they
3ar nothing but leaves. The women, young
ad old, keep their tongues going as briskly
uringthe tea-pii:king as their sisters of other
limes are accustomed to do at their tea-drink-
ig socials ; so that the little leaf begins and
nds in go-^sip.
When the baskets are full, they are taken
) a long low house where several men are
ilently at work. Here they are boiled about
liree minutes to render them soft and tender,
nd after being pressed between mats and
ried a little they are placed in small quan-
ities upon a series of stout pasteboard trays
r pans, set upon brick ovens contain"
These queer-looking pans are ranged in
■ows, and are maintained at various tempera-
tures, some being so hot that you can barely
put your hand on them. In front of each pan
stands a Japanese, working and rolling the
leaves between his hands and spreading them
back and forth, to keep them equally heated
throughout.
It is here that the hard work of the tea
making process ii seen. These men stand
from morning until night over these slow
fires, rubbing and rolling the leaves between
their hands continuall}'. The leaves are placed
on the hottest pans first, when they arc moist
d green ; but after being rolled and partially
dried they are allowed to cool on straw mats,
and then they are placed on a second pan,
and rubbed and rolled again. This process
s repeated twenty times or more, and is far
more laborious than any on'e Wijuld suppose.
Gradually the leaves become drier and
darker in color, and after the last rolling they
are spread on moderately warm pans, and
then placed in large baskets. On an average
one man will roll and diy, in a whole day, as
many leaves as would fill an ordinary tea-
chest.
The next process consists in sifting and
sorting the leaves; this is done in another
house, where young girls are seated around
low tables with piles of tea in front of them.
Before sorting the tea, it is well shaken in
sieves of various sizes, to rid it of dust and
fine particles ; then it is heaped upon the
tables. Each girl takes her left hand full of
the leaves, and throws them before her on the
table, while with her right hand she picks out
any stray stick, straw, or imperfect leaf, and
then sweeps the rest to one side. This is done
with great rapiditj'.
The tea is sometimes still further sorted,
when it is desirable to separate the fine, small
leaves from the larger ones ; the former al
waj's constitute the best qualities of tea, while
the latter form the chief bulk of that exported
to foreign countries. Of course the best tea
remains in Japan and the poorest goes abroad;
but as foreigners usually spoil the true flavor
with milk and sugar, it does not make so
much difference after all.
The exported tea has to be "refired"at Yo-
kohama. This is done on an immense scale
in large stone houses, where hundreds of men
and women are employed in heating and stir
ring the leaves again, and putting a finishing
touch on the whole process; this is absolutely
essential to preserve the tea and render it fit
for transportation. The fresh tea odors which
greet one in passing the open windows ol
these tea-firing establishments would make
some of our old lady friends smack their lips
with delight. These were the pleasant odors
that I noticed on first landing at Yokohama.
The long exile in Shidz-u-o-ka was drawing
to a close. The Government had determined
to centralize the educational interests at the
mouldering embers of charcoal and straw. |eapital, and the provincial schools were suf-
ferred temp )ranly to decline. The old feudal
ystem was abolished, the Mikado had trans-
erred his court to Tokio, which heretofore
had been the capital of the military chief, or
r3'coon. The latter had retired with his re-
:ainers to Shidz-u-o ka, which became the St.
Helena of Tycoonisra. The men who formerly
ruled Japan were therefore my associates and
advisers in Shidz u-o-ka. But their succes-
sors at the Mikado's capital found themselves
unable to manage the affairs of government,
hitherto left in the hauls of the Tycoon.
They h id not the practical skill to guide the
hip of state with steadiness through the
troubled waters of political change.
Therefoie they sent to Shidz u-o-ka and
called away my friends and my brightest
students, assigning them important positions
It the capital. Against this course I protested
n a memorial to the " Mom-bu sho," or De-
partment of E lucation. The officials replied
that Shidz-u-o ka should feel complimented
n being called upon to furnish young men for
mportant positions in the capital. This was
cold comfort, and I urged that the best stu-
dents should be allowed to remain until the
completion of their course. I also argued that
no education was truly national which dis;'e-
garded the interests of the interior.
The Educational Department admitted the
truthfulness of the argument, of which they
have since experienced the demonstration ;
yet my protests were unavailing, and the
Government continued to call away my most
valued friends and helpers. Katz and Okubo,
who had been instrumental in bringing me to
Japan, and had always bean my best advisers,
were called to the capital; the former re-
sumed his old position as Admiral of the
Navy, and the latter became Governor of
Tokio. Nakamura, Shimojo, and all of my
foremost students removed to the capital, say-
ing that every thing was now changing in
Ja'pan, and that I should soon be called away
also.
New governors were appointed over tha
province, who "knew not Joseph," and ray
old friends faded out, leaving me alone. My
enthusiasm was dampened in seeing my cher-
ished plans thwarted, and the labor of build-
ng up any permanent work appeared in vain.
I lived alone in the new house during the
second year, and the sense of solitude became
very oppressive. No one lived near me except
the servants, who occupied the little Japanese
building near the gate. At night, I sat in my
room listening to the wind sighing through
the pines that skirted the embankment of the
moat. The screech of the night-owl could be
heard, and the timid bark of the foxes who
frequented the ruins of the castle. Now and
then an earthquake would startle my reveries,
sending me at a rapid pace out upon the bal-
cony, where I had an out-door view of the
phenomena. The ground shook and heaved,
the moat trembled, the tree-tops swayed, the
heavy house creaked and groaned, and the
THE FRIEND.
windows rattled as though they would break.
The birds, frightened from their [jerchos on
tlio tree-tops, flew wildly around, uttering
piteous cries ; the niounlaius looked as though
they were ready to "skip like rams, and the
little hills like lambs." But the stars twinkled
silently, as though they never could shako,
and soon all became quiet again.
During the long winter evenings the stars
were my beat companions ; I never wearied
of studying them through my little telescope,
and they were always found bright and cheer-
ful.
The country people on the mountains near
Shidz-u oka sometimes set fire to the long-
dry grass of that desolate region at night.
The whole mountain chain appeared at times
in flames, and a tiery circle swept around the
"peaceful hills," as the name Shidz-u-o ka
signifies. One could easily imagine that half
n dozen volcanoes had broken out, and the
first time I witnessed the startling scene I
thought Fiiji-Yama's volcanic fires were start-
ing afresh, and that perhaps Shidz u-o-ka
would become another Pompeii. In the day-
time the mountains looked blackened and
liare, as though they had gone into deep
mourning.
At the close of the second year at Shidz-u-
nka an official order came, calling mo to the
Imperial College in Tokio.
" For The Frieud."
Regeneration, Suffering, Rejoicing and Self-searcliing.
The doctrine of regeneration by the power-
ful operation of the Holy Spirit is one, it is
to be feared, too much lost sight of in the
present day. But when we reflect that the
safety and salvation of our immortal souls
depend upon being "born again," or upon
our submission to that baptism of the Holy
Ghost and fire which thoroughly cleanses the
floor of the heart, how should we earnestly
seek to lay hold of the hope set before us, be
the cost or sacrifice what it may! That
which is the alone sure foundation for peace
here and for eternal happiness here.after is,
surely, above every thing else to be coveted,
though the purchase, like the goodly pearl of
the merchantman (Matt. xiii. 45, 4G), be at
the cost of all things beside. The apostle
well knew of what he wrote when conveying,
" I count all things but loss for the excellency
of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord :
for whom I have suflered the loss of all
things," &c.
There can bo no doubt that crosses, con-
flicts, tribulations and baptisms must attend
the "transformation of apostate man from
I'ool to wise," or from a state of nature to a
state of grace; yet the Saviour has promised
to make his yoke easy and his burden liglit
to the willing and obedient, who for his sake
are with Moses brought to choose "rather
to suft'er affliction with the people of Grod,
than to cnjoj? the pleasures of sin for a sea-
son," &c. These, as has been said, may have
to pass through many and varied trials in
the pilgrim's progress journey from the citj'
of Destruction to thutofZion; may have, as
the prophet Malachi represents, to "abide
the day of his coming" who "is like a re-
finer's fire and like fullers' soap;" yet how
little and insignificant will be "these light
afflictions which are but for a moment" cotn-
paratively, when weighed in the balance with
■'the joy unspeakable and full of glory" which
awaits the overcoming ones — the ransomed ourselves with the light of the Lord Ji-i- ,
and redeemed — in ihekingdom of their Father, freely offered, whether we be in the I'.uil
Does not a grave cause for apprehension the saving faith that overcomes the \v m '
lie in the fact, that because of the imagined What need is there to be vigilant, wai -l i
hardness of the way from Egypt to the pro- and prayerful, le<t the awful end comr ii| i
mised land, or from a state of fleshly ease us at unawares; lest the latup be found tli:i ;
and indulgence to that of a self-denying, cross- profession only, and therefore untrimnir 1 ; 1
bearing follower of a crucified Lord, there is the oil wanting; lest the grace of (li 1 j,
great danger of our taking up a rest short ofi frustrated, and the great aim and end oi t
that prepared for the people of God ? and this responsible existence be forever lost,
notwithstanding the promise, no less to us Whde there is no condition beyond 1
than to Israel of old: "As thy day so shall Saviour's power to heal and to restore-
tliy strength be. * * The eternal God is He came to seek and to save that which
thy refuge, and underneath are the everlast- lost — there is neeii for each one to be broug
ingarms,"&c. This would be a very grievous ^ through submission to his convicting gr
error; not only because of the great difficulty; to a knowledge of their fallen and lost sta
of being aroused from the bowers of ease or althat feeling the malady of their souls,
state of c.irnal security, but no less from the] being heart-sick of the wages of sin which
fact that in so doing we ignore the salutary death, they may, repentant, humble and C(
lessons which common prudence teaches, to trite, go to Him who is "the way" and "t
examine strictly and fairly into the ground door" to his kingdom, even the resurrect!
of our hope of eternal life ; and whether wo] and the life unto all who, in the true nothir
have been so imposed upon by the false glosses ness of self, come unto God by Him. Ut
and specious misrepresentations of the god of this end how movingly the apostle exhorte
this world who ever lieth in wait to deceive,' the church at Fhilippi: "If there be the
as to have erected our house but upon the fore any consolation ii^ Christ, if any coml'<
sand. Satan, an ever watchful foe, is always of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if a
ready to settle those he can into a state of bowels and mercies, /«/;^7 ye my joy," &c.
carnal securitj' or worldlymindedness, or in ___^___
any way to beguile from that steady watchful-
ness in the straight and narrow way|which has
the promise of the life that now is — the con-
solations of the gospel of Christ here — with
never ending rest and peace and joy beyond sensible of the quiet of the meeting being d
this fleeting, fading scene, eternal in the hea-]turbed by thy appearance on Second-da
vens. * * That I hope there was no occasion f
Thus the writer of this would desire that more than the cloud which was permitted
we might severally examine our foundationS| cover thy mind when thou sat down, and tl:
in a spiritual sense, and whether we be, in 1 1 presume must have been permitted for tl
the true faith, building upon Christ, the rockj instruction rather than condemnation,
of ages. If we have not given ourselves to the attentive and obedient ear, such dispe
Christ Jesus in the fidelity of little children, sations are no doubt often deepening and "
'etting the government be upon his shoulders ;struciive. * * * It is no doubt a gr(
if we have not experienced of that refining' thing to be thoroughly redeemed from i
and saving baptism which, as in the laver of selfish influences in the divine service; and
regeneration, causes us to become now crea-| trials that seem peculiar should be dispense
tures through a practical belief in the precious for a time, let us rather esteem it an evidem
outward sacrifice of the Saviour, with obedi-iof chastening love. I do not beliive the
ence no less to his all-sufficient grace or law was ever a time when thera was more occ
written in the heart, we surely cannot reckon sion for sanctified vessels for the divi
ourselves, whatever our profession may be, vice. * * * I should feel exceedinglv d
with those who have put on Christ, and, from pressed and discouraged, if I were to yield i
experimental knowledge, believe in Him to the disposition to look outward alone; bi
the saving of the soul. It is the washing of, must acknowle<lge that in the midst of a
regeneration and the renewing of the Holj'J when I endeavor to keep ray own habitatioi
Ghost that prepares for usefulness in the there is an encouraging support, and am a(
militant church, or for admission at last with- monished not to lose tne anchor of hope an
in the pearl gates. The Lord Jesus must faith. * * * I can indeed feel with yc
ever remain the only door into his sheopfold ;l under recent trials, and did intend being wit
For "The Friond
letters of James Emlen.
(ContiDued from page 363.)
'8th mo. 3rd, 185-1. * * * I was
and worse than vain will be every effort,
either to take it by violence or to climb up
some other way— such being but thieves and
robbers.
Let us humble ourselves before the Lord.
Let us get to the watch-tower of close scru-
tiny. Let us endeavor to bring all our deeds
to the Light of Christ. Let us dig deep that
the foundation be securely laid. Let us bo
earnestly engaged that we may see of the
things which belong to our peace before they
are hid from our eyes. Let us strive that the
Father's will may be done in us and through
us, that so his kingdom may be exalted, and
his ever worthy Name be glorified and re-
nowned now and forever.
Time is 8w.iftly rolling on. This is a world
from which we are continually passing away.
How imperative the obligation to examine
you yesterday or to day, but find myself to
weak in body to venture from home at pre
sent. It may bo that Samuel Cope and mj
self will come on Fifth-day, as I saw him th
morning and he acknowledged he had bee
thinking about Westtown, and wishing to g
there. * * * *
" 12th mo. 185-1:. In the exercise of th
ministry, I have often thought it a subjec
worthy of care in the J'oung, to avoid a habi
of toning ; the gift, when a right one, will
ways recommend itself by its own weight an'
solemnity, and although I cannot say but
think there is sometimes a svveet harmony i
the utterance of gospel truths, yet 1 think i
better that this should not become habitua
with any. There may be times when th
heart is especially prepared to exhibit sucll
emotions as harmony conveys, but I have n^
THE FRIEND.
379
obt thou hast been sensible of the difference
tween that which evidently proceeds from
3 heart under some peculiar and fervent
lOlion, and that which results from habit
me. I can readily suppose that when the
:bit has been long indulged, it would be very
flcult and perhaps impossible to change it,
Ihout the speaker giving more attention to
than would be consistent with a close re-
rd to his subject; and hence the need of
lUtion to avoid contracting the habit in the
rly exercise of this \Veighty and solemn
ft." _______
For "The Friontl."
A Tour ia Marocco and tlie Great Atlas.
rOwing to the bigotry of its inhabitants,
[arocco has long been almost inaccessible
. Europeans, except in a few commercial
jints.
Joseph Hooker, the distingnishod botanist
ho presides over the royal gardens at Kew,
ad long desired to explore the chain of tlie
■reat Atlas Mountains, in order to study'its
egetalion. In 1871, through the interven-
on of the English Government, permission
-as obtained from the Sultan of Marocco by
Qe British Minister resident there for Hoolier
nd his party to make the desired visit. The
arrative of their adventures has recently
een publi'^hed.
The difBculties of the party were by no
neans ended when the Imperial permit was
rranted. The local authorities,— the Gov-
Irnors of the districts, and the sheiks of the
lifferent villages along the base of the moun-
ains had to be conoitiated; and it was only
brough the exercise of much firmness and
)erseverance, and by availing themselves of
kvorable opportunities that the higher re-
sesses of the mountains were reached in two
nstances.
In the first of these the sheik had been pro-
pitiated by liberal presents, and after con-
ducting them to the village of Arround, at a
Bonsiderable elevation on the mountain side,
he gave them two guides who appear to have
received instructions not to allow the travel-
lers to go beyond a certain sacred tomb at
the extreme end of the valley.
On their way they ascended a steep slope
to examine some solitary trees scattered at
zone of the moun
steep and pathless; the other, mounting about
due S., was nearly equally steep, but we could
see that a beaten track ascended along the
opposite bank of the slender torrent that
tumbled over the rocks at its entrance. The
native guides confirmed the statement before
made to Hooker, that by that track lay the
way to Sous ; but, by expressive pantomime,
they explained that danger lay in that direc-
tion, and that the people of the other side
were addicted to the practice of shooting at
strangers. We were careful to avoid conU-o-
versy'j' and sot ourselves to collect plants in a
patch' of boggy ground near the hut."
"So intent bad we been on the surrounding
veo-etalion, that we had scarcely cast a glance
at the sky overhead. This had continually
assumed a more and more gloomy aspect;
and at length, after due notice and prepara
tion, the long-expected rain began, not in
a heavy downpour such as often occurs in
southern countries, but in that fine steady
drizzle which is known to those whom the
fates have led to the northern parts of our
island as a Scotch mist, hateful to the lover
of the picturesque and still more hateful to
the botanist. On this occasion, however, it
seemed to us no unmixed evil, as it furthered
the execution of a stratagem that was already
n our minds. Our followers were scantily
clad, and felt more than wc did the chilly
temperature of the day, and of course the rain
increased their discomfort. They were, there-
fore, in the right frame of mind to accept at
once the suggestion that they should light a
fire within the hut, therein following the ex-
ample of preceding wayfarers. After mutter-
ino- a few prayers, they proceeded to gather
some damp sticks, and presently were busy
in the attempt to make a fire out of them.
Having continued for a few minutes to loiter
^bout, still gathering plants near the hut,
until the men appeared to be fully engrossed
in their occupation, we started together to
ascend the track leading to the summit ridge
of the Atlas." , , i. ^
" We had ascended several hundred teet,
and were looking about for plants among
rocks to the left of the path, when some faint
sound made us look up, and we descried, amid
the rain and mist, a party of men and laden
mules descending towards us down the steep
rather wide intervals on a zone of the moun- iravine. There -'^«;°^'^^°;;^7J,;'^^i^Xee
tain, at elevations between 8000 and 9500lness in the impending encounter^ ot three
feet above the sea
track, we inferred that they must have de-
scended rather low in the Sous valley ; while
it is certain that people going from the lower .
part of that valley to the city of MarocoJ
would not have followed this circuitous and
difficult track, unless urged by special reasons.
" A little farther on we found, on ledges of
ock near the track, several of the most in-
teresting plants seen during the day. Thence-
forward all botanizing became difficult. The
rain turned to sleet, and before long to snovy ;
and, though the roughness of the ground still
enabled us to discern the more conspicuous
plants, it was almost impossible to secure
satisfactory specimens.
"Soon after the snow had set in, wo hoard
from below, yells and screams, and immedi-
ately gue-^sed that the caravan from Sous had
brought news to our guides at the Saint's
tomlTof our escajjade towards the summit of
the pass. The guess was correct ; and though
we pushed on rather faster than before, the
foremost guide soon overtook us, and address-
ing himself especially to Maw, who led the
way during the ascent, with vehement gestures
and emphatic phrases, that seemed to com-
bine threats and injunctions with supplication,
urged an immediate return. Maw judiciously
had recourse to an argument of universal
efficacy, and, presenting the man with a piece
of silver, pointed upwards and strove to ex-
plain, by signs, that wc meant to go to the
lop and then return. Shortly afterwards,
the second man appeared, panting from a
pace at which he had run up the steep ascent.
He addressed himself to Ball, who came next
to Maw, but was answered by the same
that hid prevailed with his cora-
reasonuii
panion."
oncluded.)
feet above the sea They were found to be alEnglishmen, utterly ignorant of the native
" For Tlie Friend"
Extracts from the Diary antl letters of Ebeneztr Wortii.
CCuiitinned from page 370.)
18^7. 9th mo. 24th. The day being wet I
pent it pretty much at home, and wrote a
letter to L. Tisdale, requesting him to have a
couple of stones removed which had been put
in Friends' grave-yard at this place to the
arave of his wife ; it was done in my absence.
1 had been spoken to on the subject and had
objected to it. Through unmerited mercy I
was enabled to spend the day pretty comfort-
ably May there be more watchfulness on my
part thankfulness for past favors, and resig-
nation to the will of Him who has a right to
dispose of us as He sers meet.
12lh mo. nth. I think I may agun ac-
is doom'e"d"to uUi mate destruction. " The^time that is
existing trees," the writer says, " are proba- jSusp.cion or_greed may^^^o
ft for deliberation th
eed m
left fo
better.
pt an attack
consultation ; but if
knowledge that for some time past
I have
seedlings by the tooth of the goat, the great J obvious bit ot" policy, ^»\f^«^J P"*^':!.',:^
ene^uy of t/ee vegetation-an'animal whose | rocks concealed the approaching tra.
unti
turn of the
disastrous influence, acting indirectly on thej we suddenly confronted them at
climate of wide regions, entitles it to rank as path, and passed within a ^^^I'-'^^J^''^
l"i„.; ' r,;.e« '-the guides made it clear from the northern side of the chain returning
narrative relates, " the guides made..
„, f,„,„ two roolcy r.,i». »1"'«^ -,»»7, ^'-^ ™ p^'f^.S iJuyiTiy ^tio,-- b„t h.v. =.l.o, *rO«sh
excursion
the streams issu.-g ^- -
That on the west side was apparently very from
the Sous coun.
the
but.
been ftivored with a sense of the loving kind-
ness of our Divine Master, of which T am un-
worthy.
Letter to Ms Father.
Tunessassa, 1st mo. 17tli, 1848.
Dear Father,— I feel it to bo my duty to
do what I can to promote thy comfort also
of the rest of my relatives and friends— I can
say I take pleasure in trying to do it. I ani
(-now) strong enough to sit up all day, and
would be able to walk about the house were
it not that my ankles, one of them in par-
ticular, is quite sore, being badly burnt and
blistered by repeated applications of mustard
plaster while I was sick. I feel, dear father,
that 1 have been and remain to be, wonder-
fully blessed. I have felt the privation of
rthe company of] my near relatives very sen-
380
THE FRIEND.
unmerited mercy, been wonderfully favored
to feel that vvliich has more than made up for
all, and which alone can produce irue peace
and comfort in every place and in all our
trials. A 's removal from works to re-
wards was rather sudden, and ought to serve
as a warning to us who are left behind, to
stand prepared for that great change which
we know not how soon may take place. Oh
that wo may not put off that all important
work until a more convenient season, but
draw near unto Him, who is the way, the
'J'ruth and the Life, and who is able to save;
the present time only is ours; the comfort
of true religion in this life is very great; Oh!
then to be received in the mansions of ever
lasting rest, and to be with our Divine Mastei
forever, how encouraging, how precious.
19th. I rest well at nights, and am able to
be up all day. The doctor allows me what I
want to eat, and John Eay, a very kind In
dian, has supplied me with rabbits, squirrels
and venison. * * l f^lt a desire that this
sickness, through the blos-*ing of our merciful
Master, might prepare me to finish the ser
vice which He may be pleased to require of
me, and in his own way and time. He is for
ever worthy. Let u-, dear father, try to be
resigned to his blessed will in our thus being
separated, and in all things else, which He
may see meet to require. * * j sometimes
feel a deep interest in the welfare of our re
ligious Society.
in sincere love I remain thy son,
Ebenezer Worth.
Drawing out the Fear.
"I witnessed a beautiful and touching in-
cident illustrative of the early lessons which
make the peril of a future occupation familiar
to a child from his cradle, in a little scene on
the banks of the Douro. A fisherman and his
wife stood at the water-side, opposite to a deep
anddangerousspot. Theirchild.aboy of about
a year old, was already habited in the costum
of his future life, that of a sailor, the trousers
tucked up above the child's knees. Leadinjr
him towards the river's brink, the mother pii
posely wetted his tiny feet; he was alarmed
and clung to her. With soft and affectionate
caresses, again and again she led him to the
water, until the little imp, emboldened by her
encouragement, ventured down alone, and,
only just able to walk, tottered unsteadily to
the stream. I trembled at the risk ; a few feet
Selected. | When forsaken, reproached, in deep solitude,
With sackcloth my raiment, and tears for my food
Spread over ray spirit, as fainting I lie.
The shade of the Rock that is liigher than I.
Ttinessassa, 1st mo. 25lh, 1S48.
Dear friend, Jos. Elkinton, — The brotherly
and Christian feeling which thou hast strongly
exhibited toward me, I think I may say in
truth, is met in me by similar feelings toward
thee. How sweet and precious is that love
that is begotten within by the Spirit of our
Divine Master, it embraces the whole human
family with feelings of living desire for their
welfare. May it, dear friend, ever be our sin-
core desire and concern to know th:it our love
to God is above all other love, and to -live in
obedience to his Divine will. This will, I
believe, prepare us for the true enjoyment of
this life, and to meet with Christian patience
the trials which we may have to pass through.
Then at the closing scene, through the un-
merited mercy of our Divine Master, I believe
we shall have a well-grounded hope of enter
ing into the enjoyment prepared for the right
cous. Thou wilt probably feel interested to
hear something iu relation to my sickness and
the present state of my health. * *
have felt a desire that this sickness may prove
a blessing to me, and that I may be favored
to keep near to my Divine Master, and be en-
abled through his holy help to finish the
work which He may yet be pleased to require
of me, in his own way and time. * * * j
may say to thee, I have been wonderfully
supported through my sickness, and at seasons
truly comforted by ray Divine Master, which
I hope I may never forget. I have read with
interest and satisfaction the pamphlet pub-
lished by the Meeting for Sufferings, * * and
have deeply sympathized with Friends in
their trials.
In sincere love I remain thy friend,
Ebenezer Worth.
(To be conUnued.)
If Heaven is lost, all is lost.
farther, and the water deepened dangerously.
But there was no cause for fear. Guided by
a watchful eye, the mother's hand was ever
eady to catch the little scrap of infant hu-
lanity, just in time to save it, and to render
my half-uttered e.xclamation unnecessary.
VVhat is she doing?' 'She is drawing out
his fear,' was the reply." — Omen's Here and
There in Portugal.
A Fisher's wife to Douro's side
Guided her infant's feet.
While to persuade him oft she tried
Its golden waves to meet ;
At first he eyed them with delight.
Then to her hand he clung in fright.
" Nay, shrink not so, my bonny boy ;
That stream thy home will be,
Where thou wilt earn, in glad employ,
Food for thyself and me.
Merrily rocks thy father's boat
On yonder golden waves aHoat."
One baby foot the urchin dips,
Then, gathering more and more
New courage from her loving lips.
Speeds boldly down the shore,
.•ind feels, by its warm clasp beguiled.
The river's welcome to its child.
E'en thus a tender Hand, methought,
Guiding my earthly way.
Thus far my lingering steps hath brought,
And led me every day
To face by slow degrees the streatn
Which did at first so dangerous seem.
Plis gentle voice my fear hath quelled.
And bid me bravely go ;
My shrinking feet his clasp upheld,
" Nay, child ! why tremble so?
Thy Father still shall be thy Guide,
And bear thee o'er the surging tide.
Before thee lies thy daily task ;
There too thy joy shall be ;
Thy work for me I deign to ask,
For those thou lov'st and thee.
Thy Father's love, the perils o'er.
Shall give thee welcome on the shore."
— Chambers' Journal.
Selected-
LEAD ME TO THE ROCK THAT IS HIGHER
THAN I.
When rugged, and lonely, and weary my way ;
And cloudy, and chilly, and dreary my day ;
And heavy with sorrow, I heave a deep sigh,
Lead me to the Rook that is higher than I.
When dark is ray sky with clouds thick and dread,
Which threaten to break in a storm on ray head,
All weak and defenceless, with no covert nigh.
Hide my soul in the Rock that is higher than'l.
When high o'er ray he.ad angry billows are breaking,
And the last gleam of hope is my spirit forsaking,
And whelmed in the depths I am ready to die.
Lift me up to the Rock that is higher than I.
When deep dews of death my spirits are drinking,
And in his cold arms I am fainting and sinking,
O! then m.ay ray soul with ray last parting sigh,
Escape to the Rock that is higher than I.
O Rock of salvation ! the rest of the weary.
Of troul)led the solace ; the light of the dreary ;
The fountain of life; iramortality's goal.
Let me find in thy clefts the true home of my soul.
— Biblical Recnrde
For "The Friend
Tlie Santa Cruz Mountains, California.
Truly California is a land of surprises;
where you will in every direction and sor
thing wonderful or startling greets the
— her parched dusty plains— her rich valle
waving with ripened grain — her foot hi
vineclad or dotted over with umbrageous
oaks — her mountains clothed with majesi
and gigantic redwoods — her great unexplor
canyons— her mines yielding their prieek
stores of mineral and geological wealth-
vast orchards laden with luscious fruits-
beautiful gardens odorous with the breath
countless flowers — all these, and much moi
make up a surprising and interesting pictm
such as no other country yet known present
Grander, wilder scenery may be found amor
the magnificent ranges of the Sierra Nevada
but for picturesque beauty, perhaps no othi
mountain-chain in this wondrous State,
passes the Santa Cruz coast lino. Her
amidst the stately redwoods, sylvan shadi
and grassy slopes, the eye rests on lofty grouj
of mountains, pleasing valleys and wine
ing canyons, through which meander swi;
sparkling streams, musical with the sound c
water falls, and where babbling brook or ue
seen rivulet join in sweet cadences as the
flow on in ceaseless harmony towards th
sea. From many of the higher peaks of thi
finerangeextensive viewsof the Pacific Oceai
may be had, while still nearer beneath th
hills, yet in full view, lies nestled on its shores
e town of Santa Criiz, noted for its fine sei
bathing. Taking a more extensive view bej
yond may be seen extending inland the beauj
tiful B ly of Monterey, with its blue waterfi
and long shoreline of while glistening sands i
thus there is a charm aboui these mountain
and sea views that renders this part of Cali'
fornia very attra'tivo to the tourist and thei
invalid; for here is combined the grandeur
and solitude of nature, a home for the fruit-
grower, lumberman and stock raiser, with a
bracing salubrious climate for those in quest
of health. Here, too, there is much to fill the
mind with ennobling thoughts ; we gaze with
delight on the serried ranks of noble redwoods
lifting their tall graceful tops heavenward — •
on spreading oaks casting their shadows on
he grassy knolls — on the green, glossy hues
of madroue and manzanita trees m.ngling
with the sombre evergreens, — and on the
smooth sides of precipitous hills covered with
scanty herbage, or rock-ribbed and scarred by
the storms of centuries. These different out-
looks all form a panorama of exceeding and
romantic loveliness; and to crown all we look
upward with mixed feelings of awe and ad-
miration on Mounta Loraa Prieta, the loftiest
peak of all, whose flattened crest rises as a
grim guardian of the solitudes around. 3,500
feet above the sea. Thou who wouldst com-
mune with nature and seek amidst her many
THE FRIEND.
381
Ights a solace and a balm, ffo and wander
'bese grand mountain relreat-, and learn
great and good lessons of piirii}^ and no-
iiy that such inspiring scenes impart, and
which the writer of this was favored in a
ware to partake. J- Bell.
in Jose, California, Cth mo. 14th, 1879.
Communicated.
Ackworth School (Enjland) Centennary Fund,
1779-1879.
Members of the Society of Friends in the
[ited States and Canada, and especially old
[kworlh scholars, are invited to contribute
i this Fund, raised to commemorate the
)th anniversary of its establishment by
. FothergiU and other Friends,
ft is proposed to apply the first £1000 ot
fund to the establishment of libraries for
5 scholars, and one of great excelUnce for
) teachers, officers and more advanced pu
s. The interest on another £1000 to be
plied to the keeping up and extension of
jm. The interest of the remainder of the
id to be used in teaching practical science.
Further information will be given and do-
tions received and forwarded by Henry
inson, 243 Broadway, New York ; Timo-
Harrison, Richmond, Indiana; Charles
atchinson, Oskaloosa, Iowa.
On behalf of the committee.
William Coor P.\rker,
Alfred Simpson,
Secretaries.
Darlington, England, 6th mo. 13, 1879.
language of George Fox, we would affection-
ately exhort all to " T^ko heed of sic ping in
meetings, and of dulness. For it is an un-
savory thing to see one sitting nodding in
meeting, and so lose the sense of the Lord's
presence. It is a shame and a sadness both,
and it grieveth the upright and watchful that
wait upon the Lord, to see such things."—
'870. , ^ -u p
While the mere natural wisdom and will ot
man have no place in the church of Christ,
we would tenderly encourage the rightly con-
cerned in our Meetings for Discipline, who
may be entrusted with a sentiment on the
business before such meetings, to be simple,
honest and faithful in giving expression to it
in the fear of the Lord, and in the obedience
of faith in Him, yielding themselves up to the
service that may be required at their hand
This is the way that the talent committed is to
bo used and occupied with, and it is the way
to peace and enlargement— being faithful in
a little, we shall be made riiWs oyer more.
Our Y<-arly Meetin
1795, declared its
judgment in the following minute of advice :
^y , „..„ „^r,r.Q..nori tli:.t. the manasement ot
Additional Advices.
Conduct and Conversation.— In viewing the
ato of our members and subordinate meet-
an earnest concern has been felt that we
,d duly estimate and give heed to the
3d gospel truth ever held by Friends,
kat Chnst is the true light which lightcth
rery man that cometh into the world. As
Light of Christ within" is regarded, and
ts manifestations obeyed, the understanding
11 be opcn.-d to receive the doctrines of the
.spel, and the testimonies springing from
lem, and the obligation will befell to main-
thera in life and conversation. This
livine gift brings those who submit to its
sachinS's not only to believe the sacred truths
eclared in the Holy Scriptures respecting our
lOrd and Saviour, Jesus Christ, and the means
rovided in the mercy of God for the salvation
f men, but also gives an insight of the cor-
nption of the heart in its unr.generate con-
iiion, of man's need of a Redeemer, and the
urifying baptisms of the Holy Ghost and
re ; and as it is followed, it produces the
lessed fruits of righteousness and peace. As
be members are individually engaged to walk
n this Holy light they will be brought to see
ye to eye, and have "fellowship one with
another, and to know the blood of Jesus
3hrist to cleanse them from all sin." Thus
loldino- "The Head, from which all the body
)y joiiVts and bands having nourishment mui-
stered and knit together," we would " in-
irease with the increase of God." We would
)e brouo-ht willingly and gladly, to attend all
)ur m.etincrs for worship, and for the transac-
,ion of the affairs of the Church ; and when
n them would be preserved from giving way
GO drowsiness, the frequent occurrence of
which, in our meetings, continues to be a
source of much exercise and sorrow, manifest-
ino- as it docs, spiritual slothfulness. In the, for
e concerned th;it the managem
„„r Christian discipline, be not committed to
hands unclean, particularly of such who allow
undue liberties in their own children and
families. ' If a man,' said the apostle, ' know
not how to rule his own house, how shall he
lake care of the church of God.'" [I79d.] It
has been a cause of sorrow to observe, that in
some meetings, those arc occasionally ap-
pointed to stations or employed in services,
who make no appearance of being Friends,
and whoso manner of life is not in accordance
with our disiinguishing doctrines and testi-
monies. Herein the precious cause we are
called to uphold and promote must suffer.—
1874.
curred to send them to their native land. They
were therefore sent there, and a few days
afterwards, Cap. Roper, of the ship Consola-
tion, offered to take them to Singapore. On
arriving there, they were as French subjects,
placed in charge of the French consul, who
sent them to Saigon, the capital of French
Cochin China, whence they no doubt reached
their homes, to the joy of their friends, and
with grateful feelings towards those who had
cared for them in their distress.
The other case is that of four Tunisian
Arabs who were on their way home from the
United States, and put up at the "Home" for
a few days. While in London, they were
assailed by a party of roughs, and seriously
injured, three of them being stabbed, and the
life of one placed in danger. Under ordi nary
circumstances, this case would not have been
known to the authorities, the men would have
had no redress, and the roughs would have
been emboldened for future outrages. But the
officers of the " Home" took tho matter up,
and applied to the government for aid to the
men. This was given ; their assailants were
arrested and punished ; the Lords of the
Treasury paid all the expenses for legal as-
sistance, &e., and also paid the expenses of
these men to their homes ; and they " left the
Home with expressions of gratitude for the
protection afforded them, and for all that had
been done for them whilst detained in Eng-
land." „ J .
Of the 418 inmates of tho " Home daring
1877. 50 were natives of Bengal »nd Punjab :
Religious Items, &c.
The Strangers' Home is a London institu
lion fur the benefit of natives of India, Arabia,
&c in distress in that city. Some illustra-
tions of its practical operation, taken from
ts last annual report, are published in the
National B.iptist. It says: —
In 1877, Cap. Adams, of the ship Corea,
appeared before the sitiing magistrate at the
Thames Police Office, and stated that he had
recently returned from China, and that when
about two hundred miles from land, and still
in the China seas, he fell in with a boat which
contained two men, who \vere almost in a
dying condition from hunger and thirst. He
took them on board, and having no oppor-
tunity of putting them ashore, he had brought
them to London. No one on board could
converse with them: but he thought they
were natives of Cochin China. They had
informed the sailors by signs that they were
I fishing, had fallen asleep, and had drifted
out 100 far to get back again. Since his ar
rival in London, he had been trying to find a
place where they could stay till they could
return to their own country: but not having
succeeded, he sought the advice of the magis-
trate. That gentleman requested him to keep
the men on board his ship a day or two
longer, and he would make inquiries. The
next morning, the Superintendent of the
"Strangers' Home" saw an account of the
case, in one of the daily papers, and imm '
ately went to the Police Office and informed
the'Mao-istrate, that the men could be cared
the "Home," till an opportunity oc
34 of Madras and Ceylon ; 55 of Bombay and
Goa ; 48 of Africa and Arabia ; 102 of China ;
49 of Japan ; 5 of Mauritius ; 24 of Straits of
Malacca; 43 of Turkey and Persia; 2 cif
Madasrascar. Of these, 40 were shipwrecked,
and 35 otherwise destitute cases. They were
disposed of as follows : 216 were shipped from
the " Home ;" 39 were shipped by employers ;
55 returned in the vessels they came in ; 43
shipped themselves; 11 pa8s.ages were pro-
vided to individuals ; 4 were sent to a lunatic
asylum ; 2 died in the Home; and 1 in a hos-
pital ; and 46 remained in the " Home," Jan.
1, 1878. ^ ^
Famine in China— Every now and then
there crops out from the layers of heathen-
dom something that shows a great unwritten
law of God. We give two contrasts, which
are to the shame of Christendom. "All the
money contributed for the relief of the famine
in China did not amount to a two hundredth
part of the revenue that was derived by India
or by Great Britain from the opium monopoly
It of China." Dr. Legge, one of the gentle-
en distributing famine relief funds in North
China, writes as follows: " One other matter
in connection with the village relief work, I
cannot but allude to. It impressed me deeply
as I pondered over it. In the second or third
lao-e I visited I asked the head man, ' Have
you any opium smokers here now?' 'No,'
he replied, ' they are all dead, and we have
issued a notification that any person smoking
henceforth shall be prosecuted according to
hiw.' 'Have you sown any opium?' I in-
quired. ' No, not a grain ; and we have pro-
hibited its being sown,' was his reply. After
leaving the place, I made inquiries as to the
respective values of wheat and an opium crop,
and found that these Shansi villagers with
starvation staring them in the face, refuse to
cultivate the drug which they know is blight-
in^r their land, though it would yield them
382
THE FRIEND.
more thm double the monej- value of a crop
of wheat. — Chr. Adv.
Testimony Against Fiction. — The late Charles
81vclton, of Trentoi), willed his library and
bool< cases to the use of the teachers and
pupils of the public schools of Trenton, and
to that of the apprentices and mechanics of
the city. His real estate was also giwn t<i
the trustees of the public schools, the income
to be expended in the purchase of books for
the library. He set forth in his will that
"truth is always preferable to falsehood;
that " life is too earnest and time too precious
to be wasted on fictions that give no know"
edije;" and furthermore that a "single great
practical truth is of more value than all the
fictions ever invented by novelists." Where-
upon he directs that none of the money given
by himshall bce.Npended in purchasingnovels;
but that the books bought for the library
shall consist of "works and treatises on the
arts and sciences, especially on mechanics,
engineering, mathematics, astronomy', geogra-
phy, chemistry, natural philosophy, architec-
ture, history, travels and biography." Of
" mere tales and works of fiction" he will have
none. Furthermore, he avrrs that no part of
the real estate devised shall ever be used or
let for the purpose of manufiicturing or sell
ing intoxicating beverages, nor of tobacco in
any of its forms.
Penally of Intoxication. — A law passed by
the Legislature of Michigan declares oflSces
vacant in all eases where the incumbents ai
convicted of being intoxicated, and provides
for the filling of such vacancies without de-
lay.— Chr. Adv.
Ritualism. — The Episcopal Recorder gives
the following explanation of Eitualistic cere-
motiies.
In the case of Eitualisni exhibited in St,
Clements' or in any other similar church, the
thing to regard is the premises, the found
tion, the radical and e-sential doctrine and
belief oi the system. The priests and people
use much symbolism, more ornamentation,
and the most elaborate ceremonial which
American ingenuity, prompted by ihe resu
of mediaeval fancj', can invent. They do so
because they believe in the Real Presence of
Christ, bodj^, soul, and divinity, in the con
secrated bread and wine of the Memorial
Sup]ier of the Lord.
But we do not grant the premise^. W
deny the fundamental doctrine of Eitaalism.
We prove to our own satisfaction that the
doctrine of " Keal Presence," as the clearest
and best Eitualists themselves explain it, is
entirely wrong, unscriptural, and idolatrous.
It is not before the Lord their performances
are done, but before an idol, au object of thei
own creation.
Natural History, Science, &c.
Poisoning of Live Stock by Cockle. —Tha
Cockle, Agrostemma Githago, is very common
among wheat crops in France, and conspicu-
ous by the beauty of its reddish violet flowers.
Its seeds get mixed with the grain of the
crop, and, when separated from the wheat,
pass with the small and damaged grains
into the eiftings, from which a meal is pre-
pared for feeding live stock, more especially
pigs and calves. Experiments have proved
that ineal made from the cockle-seed contains
a |)oisonous principle which causes the death
of animals to which it is fed
calves sent in for sale were suddenly seized
with violent illness. The foodsupplied to them
was submitted to carefril chemical analysis
and microscopical examination; and the ex
perts who made the investigation unanimously
agreed that the sickness of the calves was
due to an acid and narcotic poison in the food,
derived from the ground cockle seed. Aii
action for damages was brought before a
court ofju-tice, and a verdict obtained against
the miller who supplied the meal. Similar
instances occurred among the pigs in the
neighborhood of Doiiai. Here too, the miller
who supplied the food was cast in damages,
but, loth to throw away the whole stock he
had on hand, he continued to sell it mixed
with a largo quantity of fresh wheat siftings.
Even in these diminished proportions, the
cockle still manifested its poisonous proper-
ties, and fresh actions for damages being
brought against him by owners of stock which
had suffered from its use, the miller ultimately
arrived at the reluctant conclusion that sift-
ings containing even small proportions of
cockle are hest not sold as food tor cattle.—
The Country Gentleman's Magazine.
The Poplar Tree —In the vast waste steppes
contiguous to the fertile plains of the Hun-
garian Banat, attempts have been made for
many years past to bind the drift sand of
which they consist by establishing plantations
of poplars, the vai'iely chiefly employed being
the Populus Canadensis. These are generally
renewed every ten or fifteen years, by which
time they furnish serviceable wood of con-
siderable value.
Food of Birds.— Prof. S. A. Forbes, of the
State Normal University of Illinois, in writ-
ing of" the food of birds," gave the following
as an evidence of the good service of our birds:
Of the two hundred and seventy-seven birds,
insects were found in the stomachs of two
hundred and thirteen ; hymenoptera in fifty-
five (ants in eighteen, ichneumons in only
four) adult Icpidoptera in twentytwo and
caterpillars in eighty-one; coleoptera in one
hundred and forty-nine (predaceous beetles
occurring unluckiiy in nineteen ; but to com-
pensate for thi.s, curculio in sixteen, and plant
beetles, crysomelidse, in eleven ;) hemipterain
forty-five; orthopterain twenty-two (of which
thirteen contained grasshoppers;) spiders in
twenty-two, harvestmen in six, and craw-
fishes in three. On the other hand, thirteen
had eaten corn; nine, wheat; five, cherries;
and fourteen, black-berries. The mere read-
ing of the.se figures is enough to show the
immense value of birds as a class, if there are
any persons left at present to question it.
While seventy-seven per cent, of them had
eaten insects, only seven per cent, of them
had eaten grain, and seven per cent, of them
fruit (cherries or blackberries.)
Comparing now the records of the leading
families, those represented by the commonest
birds, we find that of the forty thrushes ex-
amined ninety five percent, had eaten insects
seventy per cent, had eaten seeds of wc/.
This largest and most abundant fannlj i
birds stiems to me the most valuable.
Thirty-six of the blackbird family «
studied, and eighty per cent, of th m (
oaten insects (but one beneficial as in- ;
known, and that by a meadow-lark. i
thirty one per cent, had eaten grain, :u. 1 .<
per cent, fruits. j|
The thrushes are the great sinners agai
the garden and the blackbirds against
farm.
Ninety-four per cent, of the thirty-th
fly-catchers had eaten insects (only one a
however) — a suspicious number; about thir
three percent, had taken smill hymenopte
and ten per cent, predaceous beetles; I
had sauced their diet with blackberries, i
one had eaten wheat. All but one of
seventeen woodpeckers were ins.-ctivoro
and only the red-head had don 3 any bar
He had also tried a little wheat. The
achs of three out of the four sap-suckers c
tained a curious amount of wood. The flick
a renegade from the customs of his ancestc
ruffling in the dirt the brilliant plumage :
him by a nobler parentage, had invaria
stuffed his stomach with ants and their eg
The cuckoos are also great caterpillar eate
and feeiJ, at Normal, on the green caterpi
which infests the maple. They have a to(
for spiders and harvestmen — pardon the sc
cism— which dims their fame. The killdi
plover proves to be a valuable bird. The
breasted grosbeak is the only bird known
relish the Colorado potato-beetle. — Factt
and Farm.
The London Dust man. — There are m(
than 300,000 inhabited houses in Londe
consuming more than 3,500,000 tons of coa
year; and, besides the ashes from thi
quantity of fuel, the dust-man gathers t
other refuse of the houses. He is employ
by a contractor, who agrees -with tbecorpo:
tion to remove the ashes, &e., out of the cil
and the contractor divides every load into sj
parts, as follows: Soil or fine dust, which
sold to brick makers for making bricks, ai
to farmers for manure; brieze, or ' '
sold to brick-makers for burning bricks; ra^
bones, and old metals, sold to marine sto
dealers ; old tin and iron vessels, sold to trun
makers, for clamps ; bricks, oyster and othi
shells for foundations and road-buildinc^
old boots and shoes, sold to the manufacture!
of Prussian blue. Sometimes much moj
valuable things than these are found. Iti
in sifting the difterent parts of loads that tli
men, women, and women arc employed ; the
are as busy as ants ; mere babies and wrinkld
old dames take part in the labor, and all
them are so covered with dust and ashes thii
they are anything but pleasant to conten
late, though, as a rule, they are useful, hones
and industrious members of society. — 61
Nicholas.
Sagacity of a Spider. — Dr. Laurence Kami
(oneanichneumonandten predaceous beetles,)|ton contributed the following incident to th
ago at the Vaiso market a whol
seven-and-a half per cent, had eaten grain ;
thirty seven and a half per cent, had eateri
berries or blackberries. Of the nineteen
warblers all had eaten insects (two of them
chneumons, however,) and none had eaten
iither grain or fruit or predaceous beetles.
Of the fifty-nine seed-eaters, so called, seventy
per
A few years !wei
London Times, which he says, " I witnesst
myself" A boy removed a small spider
place it in the centre of a big spider's we
which was hung among foliage, and diatai
some four feet from the ground. The large
animal soon rushed from its hiding place ur
, --,, der a leaf to attack the intruder, which ra
t. had eaten insects, of which none up one of the ascending lines by which th
recognized as beneficial forms, while web was secured. The big insect gaine
1 rapidly upon its desired prey, the sinalle
rove of none had eaten either grain or fruits
THE FRIEND.
38^
Bat the
occasioD, for
|ature, (spiders are cannibals.)
lie spider was equal to the oc(
ion barely an inch ahead, it cut with one of
po8terior le^s the line behind itself, so that
strons^er insect fell to the ground, thus
)rdinii; time and opportunity for the diininu-
0 spider to escape along the ascending rope
!the web.
The Corner-stone of the new Eddystone
ihthouse was to have been laid a few days
ce. but work has been going on at the
.ndations for a year past, and anothe
elvemonth will probably see the structure
dy above water, where work can be carried
■ more rapidly. This famous lighthouse
B is a reef of rock in the Knglish channel,
irteen miles southwest of Plymouth. The
rt Eddysion > light was a wooden structur
ilt in 1696-93, and swept away with i
THE FRIEND.
SEVENTH MONTH 12, 1879.
We have received a copy of the prinii-d
minutes of New York Yearly Meeting, held
at Glen Falls, and commencing on the 30th
of 5lh mo. last.
The report of the •' Bible School and Mis-
sionnry Board" mentions, that in aecordanee
with the arrangement made at the last Yearly
Meeting, a Friend and his wife had gone to
reside among the Indians at Shawneetown,
and were lanoring to promote the material
and religious welfare of those people. The
Board had kept in operation seventeen schools
in Norih Carolina and Virginia, — twelve being
for freedmen and five for white children among
Friends. They had appropriated 850 towards
ilder, Henry Winstanley, in 1703. Three Li^g maintenance of a teacher among a settlo-
ars afc-rwards work was begun on a now|r[jg„t. of persons in the interior of Mexico,
bthouse, which stood until "l755, when itj^vho had withdrawn from connection with
IS destroyed by fire. Then John Smeaton'sni^o Roman Catholic Church,
eat engineering structure, which the new
e is to'replace, was built, being completed \Ve are sorry to observe in this report, and
1759. The granite blocks of which it isjin the minute of the Yearly Meeting respect
nstractcd are dovetailed into each other \^.^ \i^ iJie usj of the word " Sabbath" as ap
ith such ingenuity and skill that the whole jpij'ej to schools held on the "First-day" of
ructiire is practically one stone with the, the week. The Society of Friends have ever
efoQ which it is built, and its great strength I ^J^^,|ieyed that the term 'Sabbath" did not ap
the chief reason why it is necessary to ply to that daj', but belonged to the Seventh
iandon it. In heavy storms the rigid light- : day of the week under the Jewish dispensa
mse acts as a lever with which to split the|tion ; and that the Christian Sabbath refers
efs on which it is constructed, and, sooner^ not to.any particular day, but to that slate in
later, the latter is bound to give way, carry- Uvhich' we cease from our own labors in a re-
gwitii it the otherwise indestructible light- 1 lijrious sense, and come to rest in the Lord,
mse. The new lighthouse is to be built on j ^nd know all our works to be wrought through
e same general plan, but on a firmer founda-j his pow m-. For, as Robert Barclay says, they
)n, and the lantern is to be 130 feet ab >veLyere " Persuaded that all days are alike holy
gh-water, or fifty-eight feet higher than thej ;„ the sight of God." He further adds, " Wo,
•esent light. The intensity of the light at! not seeing any ground in scripture for it, can-
ddyetone has been gradually increased from' not be so supers'.itious as to believe, that
le power of twenty-fmr candles in 1759, to| either the Jewish Sabbath now continues, or
lat of 7325 candles in 1872, and it is probable ■ that the First-day of tne week i-! the anti-ty-pe
lat this will be increased in the new struc-i thereof, or the true Christian Sabbath ; wtiich,
ire. An instructive lecture on light and ^yith CaWin, we believe to have a more spirit
jties might be written from a history of the u.ii gonse."
:mous old Eddystone Wght.— Public Ledger.
While making an excavation for a newi ^ proposition was introduced looking
iildmg at Charing Cross, London, recently, I towards an association of the American Year
le workmen came on the fossil remains of^ ly Meetings for uniied action in regard to
irious extinct animals at depths varying ju poreign and Domestic Mission Work," which
om fifteen to thirty feet. Among the objects j ^as referred to a committee for consideration,
iscovered were elephant tusks and molars,' ^nd subsequently laid over till next year.
le teeth and many of the bones of the extinct! pi.„ni the Report of the Trus'ees of the Mt
A minute was received from the Meeting
for Sufferings in London, informing that where
the certificates of Friends from America travel-
ling on religious service had been examined
md verified^by that meeting "all their travel-
ing and needful personal expenses should be
jaid during their residence amongst us."
The statistical tables showed the whole num-
ber of members to be 3,546, of whom 729 are
under 21 years of age. The number- of births
during the year had been 38, and of deaths 52.
Cornwall Q larierly Meeting was continued
under tiie care of a committee.
Reports were presented by special com-
nittees on Temperance, Peace, General Meet-
.ng, &c., and by the Central Tract Associa-
tion, and the Trustees of the Mosher Fund.
The examination into the condition of the
meetings and members as developed by the
answers to the (.Queries seems to have been
crowded into a small space, by the multipli-
city of other concerns claiming attention.
Among the most prominent deficiencies noted
in those answers were the neglect of attend-
in«- meetings others than thosj held on First-
day mornings (no mid week meeting being
held in one Monthly Meeting), and an excep-
ti m to the preservation of love noted in all
the answers but two. The minute on the
state of Society is brief, and principally re-
lates to the non-attendance of meetings. The
following extract from it indicates a belief
that this°is partially due to the want of more
preaching: "If our fellow members do not
attend our meetings as they should, the fault
may be our own. Do we seek to be very
near the Master's feet, to hear his gracious
words, and to receive bread He would have
us hand to the flock ? ' Preach Christ, or
anti-Christ wi I be preached.' If we think
some brother is too active, lot us inquire, 'Am
I as active as I ought to be.' "
igani
ic ox, and a portion of the horn ot
the
ray
Fund, it appears that the principal of
br preservation. — Ch. Adv.
reat extinct Irish deer. Some- of the fossils i the fund is 850,000. The income was devoted
ave not yet been identified. — Ck. Ado. [partially to the circulation of the books, "Th"
A process has been patented in Germany , Po^ver of Religion." "Colored Americans,"
)r retaining the aroma ot ground coffee by .and '■ Dymond on War;" and partly to va '
ressing it into cakes in cast-iron molds. The'ous benevolent agencies, largely those of an
akes, like those of chocolate, are crossed by 1 educational character.
nes that they may be broken into sizes | The R-^port of the Associated Evecutiv. In-
eeded for use. The volume of the coffee is! ^,;fl;;j Committee, stated that owing to diffi
educed to less than one third of the original I cullies with the Interior department, they
lulk. Like chocolate, it is pa -ked in tin-foil had ceased to work in co-operation with tl
Government in the care of Indians. The
tabular statement prepared by the General
Indian Agent, shows a very encouraging im
It is within that thou must join with provement in the last ten years in those tribes
Christ's appearance, that so thou inay'st be, „,ho have been under the care of Friends.
Christianized, and thy mind made truly Chris- -phe number of ponies, which constitute the
ian. Thou must be purified in thy spirit, | principal wealth of the wild Indians, has di-
md baptized with the Holy Ghost and with, niinished ; while the number of cattle has in-
ire, and know the powerful operation of theLpgased fourteen-fold, and the numberof hogs
Liord. They that have not experience of the'and the quantity of agricultural products
lew birth, they cannot enter into the kingdom raised is greatly in excess of what it was when
)f God.— IF. JP<?ift. I Friends assumed the charge of these people.
It is in no unkind spirit that we remark,
that we have be.-n pained with the evidence
these minutes afford of a departure from the
firmer customs and we fear, to some exteot,
the principles of our S iciety.
As illustrations of this, the report of the
Comnittee on General Meetings speaks of the
definite number of conversions effected in
certain meetings— more than one hundred at
one place, seven or eight at another, five at
another, twenty at another, &c. Of one op-
portunity it says, " We believe that ten souls
were at this time brought out of darkness into '
His marvellous light;" of another, "Three or
four souls were born into His kingdom at that
time."
We do not believe that those who conducted,
these meetings and drew up the statistics of
them, had such an insight into the spirits of
men, as would enable them to tell how many
of th'.- a' tenders were really converted, brought
out of darkness into the Lord's Light, or born
into His kingiom; and we are sorry to see
such statements introduced into a report to
the Yearly Meeting.
A^ain, this report evinces that the com-
mittee depend mainly for the spread of the
Redeemer's kingdom on the preachers. Of
one meeting it says : "The Committee have
felt the needs of this little flock to be so press-
ino-, that they have, from week to week, sent
sqme ministering Friend to attend the meet-
ino-, and as way "should open to hand forth to
them the Bread of Life;" of another, "The
need of a faithful evangelical shepherd, to
SSi
THE FRIEND.
gather and to feed these scattered sheep,
quires no argument of ours ;" of another,' " A
strong meeting might be built up, if some
thoroughgoing servant of the Lord would go
therein his power, to preach his gospel to the
people;" of another, "Here, as at Westmore-
land, there is need, not only of occasional
earnest effort, but to follow and confirm this,
the steady, patient labor of some consecrated
Friend. A minister could easily alternate
between West Branch and Westmoreland,
and could be partially cared for by the resi-
dent members."
We do not undervalue a living ministry,
which is a precious gift to the Church, and
useful now as it always has been for the edify-
ing of the body; but it is the Spirit of the
Lord alone that can bring any sinnoi- into
the true fold, and it is only as the ministers
are aciualed by that Spirit and move in obedi-
ence thereto, that they can do anything to
]5romote the cause of vital religion. If peo
pie learn to look to them for nourishment,
instead of turning inward to the Spirit of
Christ in their own hearts, they will be like
those the apostle speaks of, "ever learnino-
and never able to come to the knowledge o1
the Truth." George Fo.k declared it t'o be
his mission to bring people off from their out-
ward teachers to Christ, their true Teacher.
The advice of the Society heretofore to its
ministers has been to abide in their outward
callings at home until the Lord sends then
forth with a message, and when that is de-
livered and the service accomplished, then, as
George Pox expresses, " let them return again
with speed to their habitation, and there s^rve
the Lord in their generation ; that no s'oth-
fulness may be among you." As the same
experienced laborer in the Lord's vineyard
declares, "The intent of all speaking is to
bring into the life, and to walk in and possess
the same, and to live in and enjoy it, and t
feel God's presence, and that is in the silence.
number of lives lo3t, and of accidents, since 1875 ; Uie
number given for 1874-5 being 607, for 1878-9, 105.
Much of the saving of life may be accredited to the
greater efficiency of the life-saving service, and the in-
creasing number of light-houses and buoys put in posi-
tion by the Government.
Over forty persons injured by fireworks, were admit-
ted to the Pennsylvania and St. Mary's Hospitals in
this city, on the 4th inst.
It is stated there have been nearly fifty hotels and
cottages built in Cape Mav city since the late fire.
The Sutro Tunnel, in Nevadi, to construct which has
taken ten years of labor day and night, and the expen-
diture of S1.K millions of dollars, has been completed ;
and on the 30th ult. the powerful engine of the combi-
nation shaft of the Hale and Norcross and S.ivage mines
tarted, discharging the water into the tunnel, at
the mouth of which it made its appearance in one liour
and twenty minutes, showing a temperature at first of
'01 degrees, which gradually increased to 118 degrees
1 eight hours. In this time the water in the long
drowned-out mines, was said to be lowered 100 feet.
The success of this great engineering work surpasses
expectation.
The largest cultivated wheat farm on the globe is
said to be the Grondin farm, not far from the town of
targo, Dakota. It embraces some 40,000 acres, both
government and railway land, and lies close to the Red
River. Divided into four parts, it has dwellings, gran-
aries, machine shops, elevators, stables for 200 horses
and room for storing 1,000,000 bushels of grain. Be-
sides tlie wheat farm, there is a stock farm of 20 000
acres. In seeding time, 70 to 80 men are employed
and during harvest 250 to 300 men. The averao-e yield
IS from 20 to 25 bushels per acre.
The public debt statement for 1st of present month
shows an increase of $21,788.
_ The total tonnage of a.ithraoite coal from all the re-
gmns, for the week ending the 28th ult., amounted to
6o5,333 tons, and for the fir-it half of the year 11,885 -
649 tons, against 7,249,248 tons in the corresponding
half of last year. Notwithstanding this large produc°-
tion, the demand for coal is said to be active, and prices
are firmly maintained. American coal is sellino- at
Geneva, Switzerland, slightly cheaper than French°and
German coal, and is regarded as much superior.
The iron trade is reported in very healthy condition
at present. All the pig iron manufactured is speedily
consume!, whilst the rail mills are working to their
fullest capacity. Compared with this time last year
the prices of iron rail ' ' . - - - '
ive in and enjoy it, and to ;"! ^''T "'I'T ""^".^ u "'^l''"''.''^ ^^^ dollars per
, «n,l thof ;o,„ .A. '..■/..,.„ .. K°"l "'^«' j;t''' "^'T^ dollars, and pig iron one to two
aollars. the product of pig iron, bar iron and rails
this year, is expected to exceed that of any previous
year. ;
The superiority of steel over iron rails, is illustrated
in the case of the Erie railway, which cost, prior tc
1872, for new rails and repairs to rails, $2639 per mile
ince the road has been laid with .steel rails, the repairs
nave been so reduced, the annual expense is but -253
per mile. On the entire road, this is said to effect a
s ving of «1,800,000.
TheiVeio York rimes state.s, that the Bessemer process
by economizing the manufacture of steel, which is now
made_ direct from the ore, has effected a saving in ex-
penditure in all the existing railways in Great Britain,
_ the life of one set of rails, of $850,000,000. The
guaranty of the steel rail manufacturers runs for fifteen
years, during which they contract to replace worn or
defective rails. The best steel rails are expected to
last not less than twenty years. The royalty paid
Bessemer amounts to over *5,000,000.
Of the nineteen window-glass factories in Pittsburg
fifteen are in operation.
The number of deaths in this city for the week end-
ing on the 5th inst., was 305. Of this number 42 died
of consumption ; cholera infantum, 52 ; convulsions, 11 •
debility, 10 ; disease of the heart, 8 ; typhoid fever, 5 ■
inflammation of the stomach and bowels 12
Markets, &c.~U.S. sixes, 1881. registered and cou-
pon, 104J ; do. 5's, registered, 102J ; coupons, 103i ■ 4i
per cents, 106} ; 4 per cents, 102.
Cotton is quiet and steady at 121 a 12| cts. for mid-
Petroleum— Crude, 6 cts. in barrels, and refined 62
a 61 cts. for export, and 9} a 9| cts. per gallon for home
use. Linseed oil, 64 a 65 cts. per gallon. Lard oil 48
cts. ; crude sperm, 78 a 80 cts. ; winter bleached, 90 a
93 cts. per gallon.
Flour.— Market dull and unchanged. Minnesota
extra, medium and choice, at $4.75 a $5.25; Penna
do. do., $5 a $5.37J; western do. do., $5.30 a $5.80-
SS'fn' "^o ,"^1'^'' ''"S"^ g-'^'des, $6 a $7.25. Rve flour,
$3.10 a $3.12^ Corn meal, $2.35
In collecting the accounts published in our
paper under the heading ''Religious Items,
cfcc," of the proceedings of other religious so-
cieties, we have been influenced by the belief
that the information thus conveyed would be
acceptable to many of our readers. We wish
however to stale, that publishing such pro-
ceedings by no means imjjlies that they meet
with our approval. In some cases perhaps,
such approval can be given without qualifioa-|di
tion; m others, while the object intended to
be effected may be good, the means used may
not be satisfactory; and in others, there may
be very little that we would be prepared to
sanction, and yet they may be of enough im-
portance to interest a general reader.
For example, if we should speak of the
result of Missionary labor among the heathen
in any designated locality, while we sympa-
thize with rightly-directed efforts to spread
the Hedcemer's kingdom in the earth, we do
not thereby endorse the methods pursued by
the persons engaged in thatl.ibor; or abandon
our convictions of the necessity and wisdom
of adhering to our own principles in reference
to Gospel Ministry, an.l the need of Divine
Guidance aud help in all religious efforts
SUMMARY OP EVENTS.
United States.- Increased care in inspection of
steaiiiboats shows favorable results in the statistics of
accidents. There has been a steady decrease in the
Grain.— Wheat is unsettled— red, $1,10 a %'■
amber, $1.18 a -1.19. Rye, 59 a 00 ct,s. Corn, j
44 cts Oats, mixed, 34 a 35 cts. ; wliite, 37 a 41 <
Hay and Straw. — Average price during the w
Prime timothy, 85 cts. to $1 per 100 pounds ; mixek
a 70 cts. ; straw, $1 per 100 pounds.
Beef cattle.— The market dull, and prices low
Extra, 5i a 5J cts. ; good, 5| cts. ; medium, 4} a 5
common, 4 a 41 cts. Hogs, 5.! a 6 cts. Sheep 3
cts. per lb., as to quality.
FoBEiQN.— In the House of Commons on the
inst., the Government agreed to the appointme
royal commission to enquire into the caiises of tl
cultural depression, and how far they were created
or are remediable by legislation. The matter
great debate, and all agreed that a great cause of
depression w!is Americm competition.
Between 1871 and 1878, both years included, 3,8
000 persons were employed in British mines, and 9
of them lost their lives.
On the morning of the 3d inst, a terrible exnio
occurred in the High Blantyre colliery, near Gl
There were 31 persons in the mine at the time, j
have been taken out dead.
The cotton trade in the Blackburn district is repoi
unprecedentedly gloomy. The mills will be closed
cau.se of the depression.
_ In the last ten months, England gained $21,254 i
in silver, receiving $25,418,000 from Austral
-167,000 from America, and exporting $16,398,00(
Germany, which sent in return *19,995,000.
In the seventeenth century, the deaths in Lonr
equalled the births in number ; but with special sr
of drainage and care as to cleanliness, the death-r:
notwithstanding increased density of population-
been so reduced that the registered births of last yc
exceeded the deahs by 45,489.
The Pans mint has commenced the coinage of
800,000 francs in gold, silver and bronze pieces, for t
Servian Q^jvernment The die adopted is that of
Latin Union. Servia has no national money, busin.
has been transacted in the coins of the adjoinino- coi
tries. °
The Senate has adopted the bill providing for t
return of the Chambers to Paris.
France is a large importer of foreign stock. In 18i
she imported 18.5,000 black cattle, 1,500,000 sheep, ai
120,000 pigs— all of which are examined in the fronti
custom houses by veterinary surgeons. To meet th
expense a small tax is exacted per head.
The report of the St Petersburg Public Library f
last year, gives the number of readers .as 110,000 wh
ordered 278,000 books and journals ; of the readers' 15(
were foreigners. There are 384 periodicals in Russis
and foreign languages.
The prospects of a cessation of the famine in Casl
mere are gradually improving. The area of the autum
sowing exceeded expectations, and the importation
grain is proceeding satisfactorily.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
Our friends Benjamin W. and Rebecca G. Passraon
having resigned their positions as Superintendent am
Matron of Westtown Boarding School, Friends whi
reiay feel drawn to engage in the important and respon
sible duties of superintending this Institution, are re
quested to communicate with either of the undersigned
I'he present Superintendents desire to be released ii
4th month next, or earlier.
William P. Townsend, West Chester, Pa.
John S. Comfort, Fallsington, Bucks Co., Pa
Charles J. Allen, 304 Arch St, Philadelphia.
Elizabeth R. Evans, 322 Union St. "
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Pa.
Deborah Rhoad.s, Haddon field, N. J.
Married, at Friends' Meeting, Middletown Dela
ware Co., Pa., on Fifth-d.ay, the 12th of Sixth month'
Owen Y. Webster, son of William and Elizabeth
Webster, of Middletown, Pa., and Clara England
daughter of Thomas H. and Eliz ibeth S. England, of
Norristown, Pa.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
70L. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SEVENTH MONTH 19, 1879.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
if jiaiJ in ailvance, $2.00 per annum
innm; if not paid
in .advance $2..50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
Communications to be addressod to
JOSEPH WALTON,
NO. 150 NORTH NINTH STREET.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
C NO. 116 NORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
Life and Adventure in Japan.
BY E. WARREN CLARK.
(Continued from page 373.)
[ did not accept the now appointment very
omptiy, even though my loneliness and
ile would be at an end, for I should have
nerican and English society there Finally,
bmitted certain conditions to the Depart-
3nt of Elucation, which were accepted;
tiereupon I prepared to remove to the capi-
1.
The three conditions were afterwards ful-
led satisfactorily. The first condition was,
at I should have the chair of chemistry only
signed to me at the Tokio College ; secondly,
lat ray philosophical apparatus should go
ilh me; and thirdly, that a good house
lould bo assigned me in place of the one I
ft at Shidz-u-o ka.
Moving in Japan is not very easy work;
Qt at lust all my furniture was packed, and
jnt off to a seaport six miles distant, to be
[lipped on a Japanese junk. Every thing
fas done up in straw, making huge bundles
nd bales of every possible description. A
)ng train of carts left the house one morning,
)aded with my household effects. Each cart
ad a naked Jap pulling like a horse in front,
^hile a woman pushed the cart behind, and
ihildren tugged at the wooden wheels, or
lulled ahead with short ropes. The proces-
ion of carts made the most ridiculous freight-
rain I ever beheld; yet these poor people
irew the cumbersome loads all the way to the
eaport, for human labor is cheaper than that
>f horses, and each cart only cost hal f a dollar.
Six huge boxes containing philosophical
ipparatus, which could not be sent by sea,
vere subsequently carried on men's shoulders
ill the way to Tokio, over the Hakone Jloun-
.ains, a distance of one hundred miles!
I cannot forbear mentioning the romantic
eelings with which I finally returned to Yo-
Eohama, after being shut up so long in the
nterior of Japan. VYhcn I first landed in the
jountry, and journeyed into the lonely isola-
tion that awaited mo so far away from friends,
t appeared a strange dream, conducting my
senses outside the world and all its familiar
issociations. But when I turned back again,
leaving the pagan surroundings in which I
had at last become so much at home, and re-
sntered the business life and social atmos-
phere of a civilized and Christian community,
it seemed a greater dream than the other !
Yokohama is to all intents a foreign city set
down upon Japanese soil, and although it may
ook queer and quaint enough to all new-
comers, from whatever land they hail, yet a
Jap fresh I'rom the provinces of the interior
es more to astonish his awestruck eyes than
a verdant Vermont youth would experience
in his first visit to JSTew York city. The
regular and paved streets, the substantial
stone houses, the elegant shop windows, the
fine equipages, the foreign style of diess, and
the busy life of the people, all combine to pro-
duce an effi-ct upon the bewildered senses of
the country Jap, the like of which he never
knew before.
And when he strolls along the water-quay
and looks out towards those leviathan steamers
which lie at anchor in the bay, or when, per-
haps, he goes to the railroad depot and timidly
asks for his ticket for the next train to Tokio.
it begins to dawn on his mind that the nine-
teenth century is finding its way into his long-
secluded country', and that the outside bar-
barians are not such offensive creatures after
all.
On entering Yokohama after my long resi
dunce apart from foreign society, I looked
upon the city with something of the wonder
and curiosity of a veritable Japanese ; and the
first thing I proposed to my comp tnions from
Shidzuo ka was a ride on the railroad just
completed between Yokohama and Tokio.
We saw the locomotive and train coming
as we turned down the hill toward the city,
and the naked Japs who pulled our jinrikishas
looked in astonishment at the smoking loco-
motive, wondering what kind of an animal it
could be!
In journeying along the Tokaido, the newly
constructed telegraph followed us the whole
way from Shidz-u-o-ka, and the little wire
seemed like a thread that bound me to civili-
zation. The country people have a great deal
of superstition about it, and dislike to have
the wire cross their rice-tields ; for they saj^
the evil spirits prevent the crops from grow-
ing. At first the ignorant farmers used to cut
the wire, and throw stones at the glass insu-
lators on the poles ; they would also watch
the wire for hours to see the messages go by !
What the crazy foreigners had stretched the
wire across the country for, they could not
imagine; but at last they ceased to trouble
their heads about it, and left the telegraph
alone.
But the railroad was for more wonderful ;
of that they could see the meaning, though
the locomotive was entirely beyond their com-
prehension.
The road is only eighteen miles long, and
there is a substantial stone depot at each
terminus. The Yokohama station is very
handsome, and all the arrangements are com-
plete.
When I took my first ride on the railroad I
was accompanied by a little boy who formerly
lived with me, and who was now going to his
father, the now Governor of Tokio. The little
fellow had never heard of a railroad train, and
when we were fairly seated in the car be
looked around, wondering what kind of a
little house we were in, with its onrioiia doors
and sliding windows. When the train began
moving slowly out of the depot he grasped
the seat with a look of terror, and glanced
anxiously into my face to see if I was fright-
ened also. But finding that I only laughed
at his fears, he regained courage enough to
look out of the window at the trees and houses
which began to fly by us faster and faster.
The first time the car stopped he ran out on
the platform and peered under the wheels to
see what was pushing it along; but when we
passed one of the down trains he looked at
the locomotive, and seemed at last to realize
that this was the big black horse that was
doing it all. In half an hour we arrived at
Shin agawa, a distance which it used to take
more than half a day to journey over, and
which brought us to the suburbs of Tokio.
Here we took jinrikishas, with naked Japs,
to draw us two miles more into the heart of
the city.
On arriving at the capital, I reported my-
self at the Mombusho Department, where I
had an interview with the Minister of Educa-
tion. He received mo very kindly, and stated
that Mr. Hatakeyama, the newly appointed
Director of the Imperial College, would con-
fer with me there respecting my new duties
in the institution.
Now it so happened that Hatakeyama was
my warmest Japanese triend, whom I had
known for several years in America, but who
had changed his name on returning to his
country, so that I did not at first recognize
him. in the United States his name was Soo-
gi-woo ra ; but this was an assumed title, and
now he had resumed his family name.
He was one of the first students who left
Japan to study in foreign countries, shortly
after the bombardment of his native city, Kag-
o-shi-ma, by the English war-ships. After
remaining a year in England, he came to the
United States, and eventually settled down to
his studies at New Brunswick, N. J., where
I first met him at Rutgers College. He was
quite a lad when he left his native land, and
his mother was very anxious about him, for
she had heard strange stories about the bar-
barians who were reported as living in Eng-
land and America. With a mother's solici-
tude she urged him to take a few bags of good
wholesome rice with him, for she had been
told that people in America lived on snakes,
frogs, and lizards!
He became a Christian at New Brunswick,
and joined the Second Reformed Church.
When called to an account for this act by the
government, he replied that ho had come
abroad to study into the true source of western
civilization, and he found Christianity to be
that source, therefore he had embraced it.
380
THE FRIEND.
Tlio power ol' Christian countrios did not con
aist in cannon-bails and gunpowder, as he
had been led to believe when his native city
was bombarded by the English ; but ther
was a better principle underlying civilization,
which had peace and love and religious life
as its basis. His reason indorsed Christianity,
and his whole heart accepted it
Instead of the government calling him back
to his own country and punishing him, as he
had cause to fear — for Christianity was for-
bidden in Japan, and at one time was punish-
able with death — they placed more confidence
in him than ever, and gave him the super-
intendence of the other students who were
subsequently sent to pursue iheir studies in
America.
At JMevv Brunswick he was very earnest in
his desire that I should go and help the cause
of civilization in Japan, and before I started
for that country he came up to see me in
Albany. After spending a pleasant evening
with some friends, wo went to the depot near
the Hudson liiver Bridge, and bade each other
S'lionnra — good-by; and as the train moved
off, Hatakeyama said, " You go westward
while I go eastward, and we will meet around
the world in Japan !"
I started from the same depot across the
continent, and passed over the broad Pacific,
while he sailed over the Atlantic ; bat owing
to his joining the Japanese Embassy, with
which he travelled through all the countries
and courts of Europe, he did not reach Japan
until two years later, at the time I was called
from Shidz u oka to Tokio. My surprise and
pleasure may therefore be imagined when
the Minister of Educaiion informed me that
Hatakeyama was now the new director of
the college, and that he would consult with
me concerning the duties and details which
heretofore wore contested with yaconimsand
petty officials.
(To be coDtiuiieil.)
" For The Friend."
All Historic Parallel, or George Fox and Martin Liitlier
as Reformers.
BY CyR0S W. HARVEY.
A perusal of the above pamphlet, which is
the production of a Friend in Kansas, who is
in the station of a minister, has been deepij'^
interesting to many in this vicinity, as setting
forth, in a clear logical method, the doctrine
of our Society respecting the work of the
Holy Spirit of Christ in the heart of man in
convincing him of sin, and redeeming him
from its power. It opens with a lively com-
parison of the respective labors and views ofi
the two eminent men named in the title, and
then passes on to enunciate the fuller elabora-
tion of George Fox's "/«nrf(7?«e?i<ai principle,"
as the following extracts will show :
" Luther's great work was, to overturn the
system of ritualistic ceremonies and outward
works, established by the Church of Eoine,
and in their stead, establish the great gospel
principle of Justification by Faith ; so God
revealed to him this great truth, and sealed
it upon his heart again and again, in the words
of the Apostle, ' the just shall live by faith.'
The mission of George Fox — like that of the
apostle Paul — was to ' turn people from dark-
ness to light,' and by clearer views of the
nature and extent of the work, influence, and
guidance of the Holy Spirit, to draw them
away from the barrenness of an empty pro-
that b}"- obedience to the Light, they
might know of that inward experience, com
niunion, and guidance, of the Holy Spirit,
whereby the life of faith is to be lived. As God
dealt with Luther, so he dealt with George
Fox, and on the very threshhold of his work,
He revealed to him by special teaching of the
Holy Spirit, the principles which will always
underlie, and serve as the basis for teaching,
such a religion of inward experience.
"At that time, people were everywhere
taught, that they were to depend on the
priest or minister, to direct their worship, and
for instruction in the Scriptures. The Bible
was held in almost superstitious reverence,
while the Holy Spirit, by whom it is inter
preted, and 'fulfilled in us,' was practically
almost universally denied. Such were the
grounds of faith and religious teaching when,
in the language of George Fox, ' The Lord
opened to him by his invisible power, how every
man was enlightened by the Divine light of
Christ.' Jour. p. 72. We have seen how ihat
the words of Paul, ' The just shall live by faith,'
in the language of Luther's historian, 'had a
mysterious influence on his life.' They be-
came a ' powerful and creative sentence,'
around which the Reformation of Luther
gathered ; so the words, ' He was the true
Light, which lighteth every man that cometh
mo the world,' Jno. i. 9, became the great
creative sentence, around which the Reforma-
tion of George Fox gathered. The doctrine
of ' The light of Christ within, as God's gift for
man's salvation' — which George Pox, and his
worthy associates so often expressed in the
foregoing words of John — ^ William Penn called
the 'fundamental,' 'characteristic, or main
distinguishing point or principle,' of the earlj'
Friends, which was ' as the root of the goodly
tree of doctrine, that grew and branched from
it.' Pref. to Fox's Jour. p. xi.
"As this doctrine is fundamental in the
teachings of George Fox, every eff'ort to ex-
plain the 'Liner Life' of his system, when it
is rejected, or not rightly understood, will be'and actions
diate communion with Him in Spirit ai
truth; and so he taught the people, al'
directing them to seeli for Christ in them, tl
they might know Him revealed in them, a
Saviour, a Teacher and a King. The quo
tion made above from George Fox, is so pi.
live in its affirmation of the doctrine of t
' light of Christ in all men,' that it seems nc
could misunderstand him; but it is cause
sorrow to all those, who sincerely and Ci
scientiously believe the doctrines of the ea;
Friends; that there are those occupyinj^
station of ministers in our Society, who
this time, reject this doclri ne and teach agaii
it, and still claim the name of Friends,
ministers, for the purpose of self-justificati
and the more effectually to lead astray t
weak and the unwary ; generally make gre
pretence of following the scriptures, and
claim against forms, creeds and traditic
They seem to forget, first— that in eve
Christian denomination, the bond of fello
ship is, a wiity of faith, and second, that
early Friends — as do those who are now
unity with them — believed, that their dc
trines were the doctrines of the Christi;
(Tol
" For The Friend
Extracts from llie Diary and Letters of Ebenezer Wor
(Continued from page 380.]
1848. 2d mo. 9th. I feel willing this moi
ing to try to write some account of my la
sickness, that if I should be spared to live,
may read it in time to come to my own
vantage ; bearing in mind, the great neeessi
of alvyays being in a state of preparation, at
remembering that ray happiness here at
hereafter depends upon my keeping my ej
single to ray Divine Master and living
strict obedience to his holy will, then, r
upon the ground of merit in me, but of h
rcy. I have felt the necessity of keepir
ray eye single to my merciful Master '
n wore
may I live up to it. I w;
n vain, and the author of every such attempt [taken sick on the ISthof 12tti mo. 1847. W:
will justly lie under the charge of perverting at home repairing my woodshed; was take
his system, either with or without design. with pain in my breast and sicknessofstomac
" George Fox thus presents his oiwi method | folio wed by a heavy chill. I went to bed an
of teaching this doctrine, found on page 73 of | was sweat with h"ralock branches prepare
his Journal; ' I was to direct people to the for the purpose. The next day sent for th
Spirit, that gave forth the Scriptures, by [doctor; my disease was called a bilious
which they might be led into all truth, and flammation of the lungs. For near two weet
up to Christ and God, as those had been whojof the first part of the time I felt strippec
gave thera forth. I was to turn them to th
grace of God, and to the truth in the heart,
which carae by Jesus, that by his grace, they
might be taught, which would bring thera
salvation, that their hearts might be estab-
"ished by it; their words might be seasoned.
though I believe I was mercifully favore
with my senses. I have not heard anythin
to the contrarj' from any* that attendt'd o
me. I understand from some, since I gc
better, that they did not expect me to reeove:
. I felt a desire to see my relations again befot
and all might come to know their salvation [ I was taken. I believe my feeling was thei
nigh. I saw Christ died for all men, was a if I could feel my way clear, I could be n
propitiation for all, and enlightened all men
and women with his divine and saving light,
and that none could be true believers but
those who believe therein. I saw that the
grace of God, which brings salvation, had
appeared to all men, and that the manifesta-
tion of the Spirit of God, was given to every
man to profit withal.' George Fox seems at
once to have seen through all those things,
which men have invented as ' means of grace,'
he saw that they were useless, that in reality
they were hurtful, only diverting the mind
from a real experience. He realized in his
own experience, the blessedness of ' being
taught of God,' of looking to the light of
Christ in his own heart, and holding imme-
my way
signed. When I began to get a little bette
I felt a fervent desire that the Lord would b
pleased to open and prepare the way for an>
qualify rap to perform the remaining servic
which He may require of me in this place, ii
his own way and time. I also was mercifull_
favored at seasons to feel his Holy Spirit t"
be with rae, to qualify for prayer, after whici
I frequently felt that I could resign niysel
into his hands, and lie down in peace
safety and sleep ; which is a great blessiuj
and was a great comfort to me. One of
ancles was made quite sore by frequent appli
cations of mustard plasters ; became cankered
and was a long time in getting well, whicI
perhaps has been humbling to me. I hopi
THE FRIEND.
387
d pr
I whole sickness may prove a blessing of
g and lasting beiietii. to me. May I not
jn forget it, but bear forth unto Him wh6
raised me up, the fruits of thanksgiving
While sick, I was brought to
^1 a degree of love and concern for a man
JO lived up Cold Spring Creek, near the
servation, who bad been charged, (and I
ink likely justly so), of letting the Indians
ive ardent spirits. 1 heard reports of then
inking a good deal while I was sick, and il
^8 said they got much of it from that man
thought if I was spared to get well I would
Ik to him on the subject. When I got able
go about I remembered the feeling I had,
It felt discouraged, thinking I would be in
tnger of being insulted or abused bj- the
ugh intemperate people he kept about him.
Dmo weeks after as I was passing by the
ace I saw five Indians about leaving there,
1, I think, more or less intoxicated. I then
lought I ought to speak to him, and requested
man who was going in to invite him out,
3 came, and I spoke to him on the subject
etting the Indians have intoxicating drin
0 expressed the concern I had felt for him.
e seemed much tendered, I think to tears;
jknowledged it was wrong to sell or use the
pticle; he said when he disposed of what
had, he would not keep the article in his
ouse; he also said he had prayed, that if
drank any more ardent spirits, it might
lake him sick; that he had once felt the
)ve of God in bis heart and thought he could
3el something of it at times yet, and that he
l?as one of the greatest of sinners. I told
I thought he had best get rid of what
Dtoxicating drink he had and try to live up
1 his good resolution. 1 first thought of
wholesaling it, (afterwards) that it was not
■ight to sell the article (in any way.) I in-
quired how much he thought he had ; he said
le thought about ten gallons of whiskey and
)0 other ardent spirits in his house. I pro-
posed that he should throw it (the whiskey)
in the ground ; he Spoke of its being a los;
[ think I spoke in this way, that when we
i'elt anything to be wrong, that was the ti
to leave off and try to reform. That the
Lord's time was the best time, that (it was)
dangerous to put it otl' and to keep the temp
tation about him. He seemed much broken
some (I think) to rub her with. There was
another drinking man present who presented
his ju"- and pleaded hard to have il filled, but
he dicTnot get any. I do not recollect that
there was an unkind or disrespectful word
spoken to me during the whole time. Atier
we had got done, 1 took the man aside who
had pleaded so hard for liquor and talked with
him of the great evil of making use of intoxi-
drinks, both as it regards our happi-
this world and our future prospects.
eating
ness in - « j i
He first spoke strongly in favor of ardent
peace and rest to all who come to Him, lake
his yoke upon them, and learn of Him, who
is meek and lowly of heart.
The preciousness of our testimony to the
prerogative of the Head of the Church to dis-
pense to whomsoever He will, the gift of
Gospel ministry, and against all ministry
ori"-inating or performed in the will and wis-
dom of man, has been renewedly felt at this
time ; having been revived by accounts re-
ceived that a few of our members have not
been sufficiently on their guard against lower-
did not a])pear to be any other medicine sc
well adapted to his disease, which was some
thins: like an affection of the heart.
I told
him^thc bad effects of the medicine were
more to be dreaded than the disease. He
said before he got to using it as a medicine,
he was opposed to using the article, and be-
fore we parted, he said, he had thought at
times, it would have been better for him to
have died, than got to using ardent spirits,
parted with them both in kind, good feelin
and had great reason to be thankful for the
preservation and favors of that day.
- ■ • 6d.)
Adtlitional Advifcs.
DOCTRINES.
There are influences operating in the pre
sent day, both within and without the p.ile of
our Society, the tendency of which is to draw
the members from the simplicity and spirit-
uality of our Christian profession, and from
a faithful and consistent support of the prin
ciples and testimonies of the gospel as always
held by us, into a nearer conformity to the
io-ion, the worship, and ways of the world.
The'se influences are apparent in the same
disposition to shun the daily self-denial and
cross-bearing belonging to the Christian ; in
the effort to reduce religion very much to a
formal and intellectual work, which the un
that as it is only under the immediate influ-
ence of the Holy Spirit that acceptable wor-
ship can be performed, so it is alone, when by
the transforming power of his grace the Head
of the Church has prepared any for his ser-
vice, and bestowed a special gift therefor, that
true' gospel ministry can be exercised; and
this not in their own time and way, but when
and where He freshly qualifies and appoints.
Those who are thus called and commissioned,
as they wail on their holy Leader, find they
have nothing of their own to glory in, for, at
his command, and as He gives the matter, a
necessity is laid upon them ; yea, woe is unto
them if "they preach not the gospel. Hence
they are bound freely to dispense that which
they also have freely received, looking for and
accepting no other reward than thai given
by their Master for obeying his commands.
—1867.
Grinding Corn in Africa.— Tho corn is
pounded in a large wooden mortar, like the
ancient Egyptian one, with a pestle six feet
lou-r and about four inches thick. The pound-
infAs performed by two or even three women
at°one mortar. Each before delivering a blow
with her pestle, gives an upward jerk of the
body, so as to put strength into the stroke,
and they keep exact lime, so that two pestles
are never in the mortar at the same moment,
measured thud, thud, thud, and the wo-
- . . ,Th
aided powers of man may originate or P™- Lj^g^ standing at their vigorous work, are
mote; to smooth and widen the palh to sal- l^g^gjjjj^^^iQn^ inseparable from a prosperoiis
vation, so as to make it more easy and attrac- ^f^.■^Q^^ village. By the operation of pound-
live to the tastes and inclinations ot the un-|j|^^, ^^-^^^^ ^^^ j^jj of a little water, the hard
reo-enerate mind ; and to substitute works of
tatio
down, and consented to throw it out it 1
thought best. I told him he should not lose
by iT if he did. He went into the house,
took hold of the barrel, shook il and said he
thought there was more in it than he had sup-
posed. There was a number sitting in the
bar room who kept their eyes upon us as if
their curiosity was much excited, not know
inc- what we were going to do. The poor
man acted with a good degree of firmness,
though no doubt it was a great cross to bear
such a testimony against an article he had dealt
in and used so much himself. I asked for a
pail and a measure; he had it brought; we
lifted the barrel on the counter, those \yho
sat looking on appeared struck with astonish-
ment—their countenances looked quite sober.
One man pleaded in favor of converting it into
vinegar so as not to waste it. We measured
out a pailful, I carried it (out) and threw it on
the ground, and so continued until we emptied
,, the barrel. While we were drawing it ofl', he
,; sold some to two men who promised it should
be used for medicinal purposes ; to one to put
on camphor, the other man's wife was quite
sick, he said the doctor directed him to get
a benevolent or ostensibly religious character,
for lowly watchful waiting, in silent introver-
sion at the feet of Jesus, to be taught of Him,
in vvhom are hid all the treasures of wisdom
and knowledge, and who only can savingly
instruct in the things which belong to the
soul's peace. ... . „ ,,
The awakened mind is readily influenced by
the desire to be doing something for Christ's
cause, and unless it watches diligently unto
prayer, in the Light of the Lord, the will ot
man prompts this desire into unbidden ac-
tivity ; takes pleasure in il ; gradually dims
the spiritual vision, and leads to the subsutu-
lion of these formal services, for the patient
abiding under the heart-changing and crucify-
in o- work of the Holy Spirit in the soul, wbich
isln danger of settling down at ease in them.
In the feeling of Christian love and interest
for all our dear^Friends, and especially for the
class, we tenderly desire that we may
tside scale or husk of the grain is removed,
and the corn is made fit for the mill-stone.
The meal irritates the stomach unless cleared
from the husk ; without considerable energy
in the operator, the busk sticks fast to the
corn. Solomon thought that still more vigor
than is required to separate the hard husk or
bran from wheat would fail to separate "a fool
from his folly." " Though thou should'st bray
a fool in a mortar among wheat with a pestle,
yet will not his foolishness depart from him."
— Livingstone's Africa.
A farmer who had recently listened to an
exposition of the text from Isaiah, " The ox
knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's
crib ; but Israel doth not know, my people
doth not consider," was giving food to his
stock, when one of his oxen, evidently grate-
ful for his care, fell to licking his bare arm.
Instantly, with this simple incident, the
Holy Spirit flashed conviction on the farmer's
mind. Ho burst into tears and exclaimed :
younger I , .,
all dilit'enlly watch against these plausible __ , ■ . , ■
and defusive tendencies, and strive to dwell ..yes, it is all true. This poor dumb brute is
much inward with Christ Jesus, in reverent. Ideally more grateful to me than 1 am to Iroa,
silent retirement from the many alluring! and yet I am in debt to Him for everything
voices that are abroad, seeking above all to What a sinner I am!" The lesson had found
be taught of Him who is the only saving 'its way to his heart, and wrought tbere
Teacher, and who will not fail to give true effectually to lead him to Christ.
S88
THE FRIEND.
For "The Friend,
letters of James Emleii.
(CuLtinued front pnge 379.)
" 2n(i mo. 20th, 1855. I have been led, more
than ever of hile, to crave the condition of a
little child in the school of Christ, feeling that
I should esteem it an unspeakable favor to be
instructed even in the first rudiments, if I
7iiay only be assured it comes from the true
teacher of his people. I greatly desire to be
preserved from all deceit and mixture, and
yet I find the enemy is ever watching to take
me in weak moments, and I find, as 1 suppose
■we all do, that I am never safe without keep
ing in a watchful, prayerful condition. It
feels to be very desirable that we constantly
bear in mind, that the day and the night are
both alike to Him — that in our times of strip-
ping and desertion and temptation, we are as
much under his baptizing hand, as in seasons
of strength and comfort. But lam instructed
in manj' lessons, that I never learn as thorough
ly as I ought, and I crave the aid and sym
pathyof the members of our Father's funnily
* * * I felt a fear in my last letter that I
wrote too much in the characterof an adviser
vsfhich indeed, 1 feel but poorly qualified for,
among the rocks and bars amidst which oui
vessel is now sailing. If I may only be pre-
served from shipwreck and brought safely to
land, I think I shall esteem it a great favor."
'; 3rd mo. 22d, 1855. I think it likely ex-
ercised minds often feel as David expressed
in that petition, ' Be not silent unto me, lest
if thou bo silent unto me, I be like them that
go down into the pit.' We love to behold his
countenance, to hear his voice, even though
it should seem to be under the cloud, or in
the language of reproof — wo even learn to
love bis judgments ; but to be left long with-
out seeing our beloved or hearing his voice,
is no doubt felt by all who rightly appreciate
such favors, as a great trial. 'Thou hidest
thy face and we are troubled.' Is not this
our greatest trouble ? and do we not sometimes
feel a desire a little similar to this, exlendin
towards our spiritual friends? Would it uol
be a great comfort to some of us, if we had
many Peningtons, clear sighted, penetrating,
honest, unflattering friends, and withal si
compassionate, to write to us and to visit us.
His love was so hopeful that he would scarcely
cast any off, ho thought there was healing
virtue in divine grace sufficient for the great-
est backsliders, if they would look to it.
"I have been confined to my chamber for rpj
near two weeks * * * feel better physically,
but not so much improved in other respects
as I hoped for. While I was on my sick bed
I was visited by a young man who had lived
with me for some years in his early life. 1
thought his visit seemed like meeting one in
a long journey— with bread and wine— it so
comforted me; he is a solid well concerned
Friend."
We Can Trust Still.— Alhn W. Gardiner,
whose death was recently announced, was the
founder of the South American Missionary
Society, and a preacher in several parts of
South America and Australia. When in Au-
stralia his health failed, the sight of one eye
was irreparably lost, and he began to fear the
lo.s8 of the other. He then wrote :
I often wonder, as with trembling hand
I cast the seed along the furrow'd ground.
If ripened fruit for God will there be found;
But I can trust.
I cannot know why suddenly the storm
Should rage so fiercely round me in its wrath ;
But this 1 know, God watches all my path,
And 1 can trust.
I have no power to look acro.ss the tide,
To know, while here, the land beyond the river
But this I know, I shall be God's forever;
So I can trust.
Selected,
DYING WORDS OF NEANDER.
I'm weary — I'm weary — let me go home.
I'm weary, weary — let me go !
For now the pulse of life declineth ;
My spirit chides its lingering flow.
For her immortal life she pineth.
I feel the chill night-.shadows fall ;
The sleep steals on that knows no waking;
Yet well I hear blest voices call.
And bright above the day is breaking.
Not now the purple and the gold
Of trailing clouds, at sunset glowing,
These dim and fading eyes behold ;
But splendors from the Godhead flowing.
'Tis not the crimson Orient beam.
O'er mountain-tops in beauty glancing ;
Light from the throne ! a flooding stream ;
'Tis the eternal Sun advancing !
As oft, when waked the
morn.
Sweet breath of flowers the breezes bore me ;
In this serener, fairer dawn,
Perfumes from Paradise float o'er me.
The joy of life hath been to stand
With spirits noble, true, confiding ;
Oh, joy unthought ! to reach the band
Of spotless souls with God abiding.
Y'e loved of earth I this fond farewell,
That now divides us, cannot sever;
Swift-flying years their round shall tell,
And our glad souls be one forever.
On the fiir-ofi" celestial hills,
I see the tranquil sunshine lying ;
And God himself my spirit fills
With perfect peace — and this is dying !
Methiuks I hear the rustling wings
Of unseen messengers descending,
And notes from softly trembling strings.
With myriad voices sweetly blending.
O thou, my Lord, adored ! this soul
Oft, oft its warm de.sires hath told thee ;
Now wearily the moments roll.
Until these waiting eyes behold thee.
Ah ! stay my spirit here no more.
That for her home so fondly yearneth ;
There joy's bright cup is running o'er,
There love's pure flame forever burneth.
— Dr. Bay Palmer.
Selected.
WHAT WE SHOULD CARE FOR.
om the Swedish, in the New Ear/land Journal of]
Eduealion.
It matters little where I was born,
Or if ray parents were rich or poor ;
Whether they shrank at the cold world's scorn.
Or walked in the pride of wealth secure ;
But whether I live an honest man.
And hold my integrity firm in my clutch,
I tell you, brother, plain as I am.
It matters much !
It matters little how long I stay
In a world of sorrow, sin, and care ;
Whether in youth I am called away,
Or live till my bones and pate are' bare :
But whether I do the best I can
To soften the weight of adversity's touch
On the faded cheek of my fellow-man.
It matters much !
It matters little where be my grave,
Or on the land or on the sea,
By purling brook or 'neath stormy wave,
It matters little or naught to me ;
But whether the angel Death comes down
And marks ray brow with his loving touch,
As one that shall wear the victor's crown,
It matters much !
For " The Frieo. \
H Tour ill Maroeco and the Great Atlas.
• (Concluded from page 379.)
" To collect plants was now scarcely pa
ble, for the snow covered the surface,
it was necessary to kick it away from
tufts of grass or dwarf bushes, in order t
certain what might be growing beneath. Ij
wind, which had hitherto spared us, ni
joined itself to the opposing forces, drivi
the snow with blinding force, and making i,
cold, already severe, well nigh intolerab
The poor fellows who had for some way f
lowed us without further remonstrance,
renewed with redoubled energy their appt
that we should return. Kissing the h
our coats at one moment, brandishing thi
arms with passionate gestures, or actual
pulling us back at another, they really
pressed us more by their pitiable appearanc
exposed with the slightest covering to t
bitter blast, their feet and bare legs cut ;
bleeding from the rocks and thorny bushe
the way.
"It was now apparent that the dread wi
which these men were evidently impressi
did not arise solely from apprehension of
encounter with human enemies. Firmly b
eving that the heights of the Atlas a '
habited by djinns, or demons, it was obvioi
to our companions that the storm was cai
by their anger at the intrusion of strange
into their sanctuary. We had not befoi
noticed that one of the Shelluhs carried wit
him a live cock under his arm. In a state (
the utmost excitement, he now proceeded I
cut the animal's throat, in order thus to aj
pease the wrath of our supernatural foes, the
renewing the appeal to us to forego furthc
provocation.
" In emphatic English, and such pantomim
as we could command, we explained that w
were determined to reach the top, but w(
then immediately return, and proceeded t
face the last portion of the ascent. This la
through a broad couloir, some twenty to thirt"
feet wide, between steep walls of rock whore
on narrow ledges giving scarcely any hold fo
snow, the last plants were collected. Thi
storm, now almost a hurricane, raged vvitl
ncreasing violence : it was scarcely possibh
to face it, and our hands and feet gave scarce
ly any token of sensation. The thermometer
though carried in a pocket, marked 25° Faht
(or about —4° Cent.) when last observed,
Maw pushed on with increasing vigor, and
in the driving snow, was soon lost to sight,:
Presently, shouts were heard, and he reap-
Ipeared, saying that he had reached the ridge
where the ground fell away on the southc
side, that he could see absolutely nothino-
any direction, and, owing to the severity of
the cold, found it impossible to remain. He
estimated the height at rather more than .
hundred feet above the point reached by-
Ball, who in turn was about sixty feet above*
Hooker. They descended through that short
space; and, after very brief deliberation, de-
cided that no more could be done, and that a
speedy descent was the only possible course.
The appearanise of the party was singulc
and not one could have been recognized by
his nearest friends. Faces of a livid purple
tint were enclosed by masses of hair thickly
matted with ice, and the beards, frozen in the
direction of the wind, projected on one side
giving a strangely distorted expression to
each countenance."
THE FRIEND.
In the valley little snow had fallen, and
, \v:is lialf melted, and continued to fall in
„ intermediate condition between wnowand
I that forms slush, a word of odious im-
Jt except for its associations with the Christ-
I holidays. We learned that the sheik, Si
wan, was waiting for us some way lower
;n in the valley, and without halting we
bed on to meet him. Long waiting in
I and wet does not mend an}' man's temper,
the sheik, already much annoyed that his
inctions not to let us go beyond the Saint's
»b had been ineffectual, was doubtless in a
age iiumor when we at length appeared,
iv successfully breaking through all th
traints he had contrived. Yet he managed
put a good face on the matter, offered his
igratulations on our safe return, and invited
to partake of some food that was provi'""''
a spot where an overhanging rock gave
■tial shelter. This did not save the poor
ows who had done their best to keep us
,hin the intended limit from a desperate
owing-up,' and many threats of future ven-
iBce. Drenched and cold as wc were, the
itation to halfwas anything but templing;
in this country the obligations of hospi-
ity arc binding on the receiver as well as
5 giver, and it was necessary to wait some
5 and eat a few mouthfuls before procoed-
^ on our homeward way to Arround."
The observations of our travellers gave the
ight of the pass they here reachi-d 11,484
It, and they estimated the mean height of
main ridge to be at least 12,200 feet.
Their second successful attempt to roach
e summit of the mountain was up the Ams-
iz valley, where their difficulties wore in-
eased by the deep-rooted suspicion of stran-
rs entertained by the mountaineers, and
e religious bigotry of the local sheik, who
tly refused permission. Uookor assumed
resolute tone, and said to the interpreter,
Tell him, that the Sultan has issued his order
'e should go to the snow— El Graoui [the
rjvernor of the district] has ordered that we
He proceeded by a series of unearthly yells
and frantic gesticulations, to attempt to at-
tract Hooker's attention, and urge his return.
When these demonstrations were found to be
useless, and he perceived that Ball was also
about to follow in the ascent, he commenced
a fresh series of exclamations and pantomimic
gestures, of which the burden seemed to be
that if we went to the top, we were certain
to bo shot; but the same argument that was
used with effect on the Tagherot Pass— the
gift of a silver coin — was so far successful that
no attempt was made to arrest Ball's pro-
gress, and, after ascending a few hundred feet
higher, the unwilling guide gave up the at-
tempt, and rested comfortably until he had
an opportunity of rejoining Hooker in his
descent."
" Hooker reached the summit about 2 p. m.,
and was rejoined by Ball nearly half an hour
later. Excepting some light fleecy cumuli
floating over the low country to the north, at
a lower level than the eye, the sky was cloud
less; but in some directions a thin haze ob
scured the details of the vast panorama. Oui
first glance was inevitably directed towards
the unknown region to the south, and there,
at a distance of fifty or sixty miles, rose the
range of Anti-Atlas, showing a wavy outline,
with rounded summits, and no apparent deep
depression, rising, as wo estimated, to a height
of from 9,000 to 10,000 feet above the sea."
On their return they "found the sheik in a
state of thorough exasperation at our success
in defeating his orders, probably aggravated
by tho tedium of waiting for our return. lie
discharged volleys of fierce abuse at the guide
who had failed to keep us within the pre-
scribed limits, but was not openly disrespect-
ful in his manner towards tho Christian /laA/m
who had come to his country under the ini-
mediatc shadow of imperial protection. Fore-
seeing future trouble in returning through
the valley after dark, he was evidently much
annoyed at the necessity for awaiting Ball's
arrival. To calm his impatience, iJ—i—
but if we would enjoy the ripest fruitage of
grace we must expect to wait as well as labor
and pra}'.
1 have two seeds ; each came from a luscious
fruit. If I plant the one I will have, in a few
weeks, a vino covered with melons. But in
the autumn that vine will die. It will repay
ne well for the care and culture I give it.
But it lasts only a summer. The other seed,
f placed in mellow soil, will give me this
season only a little scion — a mere twig with
a few leaves— no flower or fruit. The next
year it will be somewhat larger. It will send
out branches, and bear more leaves, but yet
no fruit. I prune it, I dig around it, I pro-
tect it from the winds, and from insects that
would prey upon its bark and leaves. I do
this three, four, five, six years, and then I am
rewarded with a few white blossoms of a
peculiar and delightful fragrance. These arc
succeeded, in due time, by a few ripe oranges.
Now I rejoice. But why? What are those
half a dozen oranges as the return for so much
work and waiting? Oh! they are the first-
fruits only. They are the beginning of re-
sults that will go with steady increase for
many years. In time, if I continue to culti-
vate my tree, it will yield me a thousand
oranges a year. It will live a century. It
will become an inheritance for my children,
and my children's children. It will bo an
arboreal gold mine for several generations.
There are families in Italy that live upon the
fruit of a few orange trees planted by their
great-grandfathers.
Hooker
.all -o to tho snow-the Kaid of Amsmiz^nt him a field telescope and the novel ex-
68 ordered that we shall go to the snow-if jperience so much ^'n^^'^.^ h.m that his 11-
l refuses to carry out their orders, we shall humor appeared o vanwh for the t "lo. Un-
Lrn to Amsmiz, and send a courier to the j civilized men are like children, rare y remain-
-iceroyand to El Graoui, and we shall see jing long under the same impress on , and
''^ •'^•^ • ■ •• The sheik! even when seemingly quite possessed by some
all strong feeling, are led away from it by tho
veriest trifle."
'hat will be the consequence."
allenly gave way and promised that
Dould be ready the next morning.
The following day, the sheik put them in
,harge of a guide with strict injunctions to
3ad as far as the snow, but not to allow them
Q proceed farther. The account says :
" By the time we i-eached the lower skirts
.f ■
owards th
Waiting.— When Jesus, beyond Jordan, re-
ceived a message that Lazarus whom ho loved
was sick, " he abode two days still in the
same place." He did not hasten to comfort
alon'-^'snow slope' that Ttretched upwards! his sick friend, or to heal him, but waited
vards%ho summit of tho mountain, the' until he died, before going to Bethany ihis
.an which had now ascended nearly to the delay must have seemed strange to his dis^
enith beat down upon us with intense rays, ciplea and to Mary and Martha at farst Bu^
hardrove two of the party to seek some; they understood it afterward. The blessing
:empora°yBh'rUoi- The'she'^luh guide pro- was fuller and ^^er tor every hour hat it
:^i'rterha^ing_ro..^.ay^n,withG^.^b^
Something about Stairs.— Three days in a
week at least the mother of a family who does
her own work must be on her feet from morn-
ing till night— washing day, ironing day,
baking day — and in this count, sweeping day
and the day for general housework is not
enumerated. If hor working rooms are all
on one floor her tasks are hard enough, but
suppose her kitchen is in a basement, and her
dining-room and sitting-room on the second
floor, lind her wood-house a step or two down,
and her water likewise, the addition to tho
labor required is simply enormous. A house
micrht as well bo built on a steep side-hill, so
fai-'as doing tho work is concerned, as to bo
built with steps from one room to the other.
Tho woman who does her own work ought
to have on absolutely one level, the kitchen,
the pantry, the dining-room, tho nursery, and
bo able to" get wood and water without taking
one stop up or down.— Z'. L. Shepherd.
Too Dear a Whistle.— A.B a family com-
posed of three persons, father, mother, and
little son— a bright little fellow— were taking
a trip on one of the railroads that run through
Williamsport, Pa., a little incident occurred
that is worth relating. The day was a balmy
one and tho window was raised to admit the
fresh air. Little Frod, like all children, in-
sisted on putting his head out of the often
window to see what was going
on outside of
riso found a spol that gave partial shade. ^.'^^^ '" ^gypt ! How ong ho world wa^^
Hooker took advantage of the halt to push for the coming of Christ Ihat jh ch g o
Dn It a steady pace that soon carried him be-; rapidly is usually short-lived and ot ht
yond the reaThPf interference from the guide. I value. That which matures slowly is usually
(Vhen Ball felt able to resume the ascent, the permanent J°.°f ,« S^j^'-f^JP^^'^". "P '" ^
guide sprung to his feet, and for the first time night, but it perished f •^'' ,^^>:; ,^«J'^^,°^^"f,
became aware that one of the party was al- a mushroom growth, bpoedy results-p.ompt
ready tooTr ahead to be easiy overtaken, answers to prayer-may be very precious;
tho train. The father, somewhat alarmed at
the conduct of his son, tried various plans
without resorting to force to keep him with'-
bounds, but without success, until
idea came up in his mind,
said the father, " keep yo
nd will take your hat
bright
Fred, Fred,"
I- head in or the
and in order to
fri^hten'his hope'ful, he slyly dipped the hat
ofif'the little one's head and concealed it. As
soon as this was done the child began crying,
590
THE FRIEND.
and could not bo appeased. Finally puter
familiaa told him to look in an opposite direc-
tion and ho would whistle the hat baok again,
ail of which was verj' neatly done, and the
happy parents settled back in their seat and
began to converse pleasantly, thinking they
had cured little Fred; bat not so, for in a
very short time he seemed to brighten up
suddenly, and away ho sent his little hat
through the car window, shouting as it dis
appeared, " Papa, whistle again!" Moral —
never deceive your children.
CommuDicated for " The Friend."
The hope that some one bettor qualified to
write a description of it, may have seen the
wonderful electrical phenomenon which oc-
curred during a heavy thunderstorm on the
afternoon of "the 11th instant, not far from
Media, Delaware county, ha.s been the induce-
ment to send the following notice of it for
" The Friend."
The writer had been sitting for a long time
at a window which commanded a fine view
of the western horizon, bounded by beautiful
slopes of woodland, alternating with those of
rich corn-fields and ripening grai n, and enjoy
ing the grand exhibition of almost incessant
broad flashes of lightning from the north and
south, but more especially the exquisite d
play of brilliant zigzag streaks and winding
streams of liquid fire that were ever and anon
darting hither and thiiher over the western
clouds. Yet all this, though certainly un-
usually grand and beautiful, of its kind, was
nothing novel or rare. But suddenly there
arose, almost perpendicularly, a column of
fire, evidently coming out of the earth from
behind a neighboring piece of woods. Eising
up in some measure like a skyrocket, yet not
so rapidlj', it displayed a fiery pillar of greater
apparent breadth lihan that of a rocket, but
divided into a succession oi fire-balls, linked
closely together like a chaiti, by short sec-
tions of electric light. This extraordinary
chain of meteors rose at first perpendicularly,
in a slightly serpentine line, then curved over
until it passed over the house, where, when
about the zenith, (and perhaps encountering
an opposing current of electricity), it exploded
with a tremendous crash. Very heavy peuls
of thunder had occurred several times during
this storm ; but the several members of the
family, none of whom but myself had been
privileged to witness this grand exhibition
all agreed that this crash was unlike any
thunder they had ever before heard, and re-
sembled rather some great explosion, followed
by grand reverberations. There was a de-
gree of solemnity amounting to awe, attend-
ing and following it, which was deeply im-
pre,S8ive, and which, I think, I can never
forget. M.
Vth mo. 15th, 1879.
The address had reference principally to the
conduct of the boys in the streets and at
their sports; the principles of rectitude and
kindness which should govern them every-
where, even when alone, and when they
thought no one was present to observe. The
scholars seemed deeply interested in the re
marks. A very short time after the visitor
had left the school a little boy arose from his
seat and said: "Mrs. L., I batted the ball
that broke the window. Another boy threw
the ball, but I batted it and it struck the
window. lam willing to pay for it." There
was silence in the school as the little boj^ was
speaking, and continued for a minute after he
had closed. "But it won't be right for one
to pay for the glass," said another boy, risin^^
in his seat; " because wo wore engaged alike
in the play; I'll pay my part." "And I
"And 1 1" A thrill of pleasure seemed to run
through the school at this display of correct
feeling. The teacher's heart was touched,
and she felt more than ever the responsibility
of her charge. — Hogg's Instructor.
Judicious Instruction.— A. pleasant incident
oocurred in a public school some time since.
It seems the boys attending the school of the
average age of seven years had in their play
of bat and ball broken one of the neighl)or's
windows, but no clue to the offender could be
obtained, as he would not confess, nor would
any of his associates expose him. The case
troubled the teacher; and on one of the citi-
zens visiting the school, she privately and
briefly stated the circumstances, and wished
him, in some remarks to the scholars, to ad-
vert to the principle involved in the case.
Religious Items, &c.
War vs. Christianity.— Ono of the English
journals lately stated that Eobert Moffat, the
father-in-law of David Livingstone, and for
many years a missionary among the Afiican
people, approved of the Zulu war, as a means
of spreading Christianity; and used the fol-
lowing language, "The venerable Dr. Moffat
has found energy in his declining years to
preach the extermination of the Zulus in
the cause of Christianity." This statement
brought forth the following satisfactory re-
ply— .
"It is evident that one who can make the
above assertion and others of a like spirit is
an enemy of missions to the heathen world.
Nothing can be farther from the truth than
the above declaration, and the writer, I try
to persuade myself, would blush with shame
did ho but know the character and history of
one who has spent the greater portion of a
long life unceasingly proclaiming the spirit
of Him who came to the world to preach
Peace on earth and good-will to men.' Ever
animated by that spirit, he has at tho risk of
life prevented collisions of warlike tribes, and
on more than one occasion been surrounded
by men eager to destroy him, while doing all
in his power for their own sakes that they
might 'bury the spear.' Again and again
he has escaped amid a shower of spears, war
axes, and clubs, and all arising from his uu
dying desire to prevent war. As to the
charge brought 'against a largo section of
the missionaries, looking at the present de-
struction of human life as a jehad, or holy
war, waged in tho interests of the spread of
the Gospel, and, therefore, to be sanctified by
all the company of the preachers,' is like the
tibovc, vyhich I believe to be utterly without
foundation, so far as I have known mission-
aries, and I have known many. So far from
preaching the extermination of the Zulus, I
have repeatedly, in public and private, ex-
pressed my opinion that the Gospel cannot
be enforced by the sword, and that mission
work all over South Africa has been thrown
back fifty years by the present war with tho
'^ ilus. Yours, a constant reader,
Robert Moffat."
Monks in Belgium.— The Belgian Govern-
ment continue their warfare against monk
Illy,
had came on to Belgian soil, with two I
dred boys, opened up an establishment, wi
the authorities ordered to move out of
country in a week.
Statistics. — According to recent sfatie
of Churches in the Slate of New York
sittings the leading denominations rank
the following order: Methodists, 700,61,'
Presbyterians, 372,662; Baptists, 351,3
Protestant Episcopalians, 226,002; Refori
(Dutch), 109,815; Congregationalists, 1
847; Lutherans, 77,731. In commun'ica
these same denominations rank as folio
Methodists, 198 900; Presbyterians, 123 6
Baptists, 109,972; Protestant Episcopal'i;
78,515 ; Reformed (Dutch), 34,397 ; L
erans, 84,139; Congregationalists, 30,922.
Harmony between Northern and 'Soutl
Presbyterians.— Words of greeting were
changed by telegraph between the North
and Southern Presbyterian Assemblies. T
Northern Assembly sent the following: "1
General Assembly of tho Presbyterian'CQur
now in session at Saratoga Springs, prose
its cordial salutation to the General Assetnl
in session at Louisville, praying for th
grace, mercy, and peace through our L(
Jesus Christ, in behalf of the Assembly, a
n tho sympathies of a cominoo faith a
order."
To this kindly greeting tho Southern ,
sembly sent the following reply : " The Ge
ral Assembly at Louisville cordially reeip
cates tho kind Christian salutation of f
General Assembly at Saratoga, and comraei
that body to the grace of our common Lc
and Master, praying that his presence m
overshadow it, and its deliberations all
directed for his glory."
Natural History, Science, &c.
Peculiar Plants. — Among the plants in
Royal Gardens at Kew is the Peruvian Mas,
The cells of its leaves contain a great qui
tity of volatile oil, a resinous matter, which
violently expelled if the leaves are placed
water, the recoil causing a motion that s
pears to be spontaneous. In Italy, whe
this plant succeeds well in the open air,
shower of rain renders the air fragrant
discharged oil.
In the same gardens is tho Manchineel,
Euphorbiaceous tree from tho sandy shor
of the tropical parts of South'America. Tl
milk-white juice of this plant has a volati
poisonous principle, which however ii
virulent enough to render credible the i|
numerable marvels related concerninor its i'
fect.s. ^
A Buried Lake Village.— The waters of til
Swiss Lakes have been unusually low durir
last spring, owing to the long continued frosi
shutting off the ordinary supply of watt
from the small streams "flowing into then
This has led to the discovery of many tract
of tho ancient lake inhabitants. The moi
remarkable of these was in the Canton
Berne in a peat moss bordering on a sma!''
lake about a mile in circumference. In ih
moss a trench was dug. Directly under th
turf, says the Spectator, were found numerou
remains of piles on which the houses of th
lake dwellers were probably placed ; furthe
down, flint implements and weapons, intoi
xed with bone-tools, articles in wood, bono
of animals and pottery were turned up i
great abundance. The flint implements wer
order expelled from Germany | of the usual shape and sort— arrow and
THE FRIEND.
391
H knives and saws— and, as many raw,
|e,l and broken flints were found, it is con-
lUL-'l that the dwellers were in the habit
lakini; their own tools and arms. But as
i^i imt found in the neighborhood, the
le material must have been brought from
i.taiiic, probably from France. Many
,k- wore found made from serpentine
Bi other minerals. Stones splintered by the
ion of heat abound. These it is supposed
re used for boiling water. The pottery is
y primitive, made entirely by hand and
ced before an open fire. The lake-dwellers
re also basket makers and not unskilled in
.pentry,— one of the " finds" being a bent
jket handle exactly like those now in use
i a hatchet handle. Bone chisels wero
raerous. Arrow heads of the same material
re found, and the bone of a stag fashioned
,0 a pair of forks. From the number of
ne hair pins found, it is evident that they
id some attention to the adornment of their
rsons. , ,
Amoncr the animal remains are the bones
the dog, badger, otter, the wild ox, hear,
mmon c^ow and moor cow. stag and pig.
Nor.lenskjold in the Arctic .SeflS.— Those who
ve felt interested in the progress of the
vedi'^h expedition which has attempted the
lution of one of the problems of navigation,
»d has sought to prove experimentally that
e India seas may be reached by a northern
>yacre along the Arctic shores of Europe and
'Asia and through the Behnngs Strait,
ill be gratified to learn that Professor iNor-
jnskiold has accomplished the feat after en-
mntering great peril, and it is now proved
lat there is a navigable water north of Asia.
Other explorations will undoubtedly be
,ade in the same field; and now that it is
nown that a route exists which is clear of
■e at certain seasons, it is possible that it
lay be so defined as to become comparatively
Nordenskjold made his first voyage in 1875,
nder the crenerous patronage of Oscar Dick
on, and reached tl^o mo"th^,°f^^„^^,3!f ",'*';.'
who is himself a professional sailor, took the commends Actinia Harbor as a site for a per-
.reatest interest in the project, and readily manent station for scientific observation, es-
became its patron. He granted him a con- pecially those of a meteorological character
siderable sum of money, and commissioned On the 18th the Fej/a sailed along the Taimur
'"^ of the ablest of^ his naval officers to Island and on the 19th along the peninsula
1 1- _ r„.u;„i, ct.,..tnH r^t■ niiolviwWin t he sea heini? almos
several oi tui; auicoi, v^i u.^ ..i. —
accompany the expedition, [which started
from Tromsoe, in Norway,7th mo. 25th, 1878.]
"In December last, full reports from the
expedition were received in Sweden. A let-
ter from Christiana, Norway, published in the
Herald of January 11th, 1879, contained a
transcript of an extended communication from
the crallant explorer, dated 'On board the
Vt'ga, east of Cape Chelyuskin, August 20th,
1878.' In it he chronicles the voyage from
the Yenisei and his successful doubling of the
North Cape, accomplished the previous day.
On leavino- Port Dickson, August 10th, the
Veqa was°flivored with a fine breeze and
started under full sail, but a few hours later
the sea was covered with fog, and the ad-
vance had to be made with great caution
through a group of small islands not indicated
on the chart. The second day the fog be-
came so dense that the Vega was obliged to
•io for some hours close to a small sterile
island covered with thin mosses, which af-
forded a rich harvest for the botanist, Dr.
Almquist. The sea was but slightly salt, at
least on the surface, but the zoologist obtained
by dredo-ino- abundant specimens of the pure
forms of" deep-sea life. In the afternoon the
foo' lifted, and the steamer proceeded on its
way through thin, rotten ice, which scarcely
arrested her motion. In this manner the
voyacre continued leisurely, and the zoologists
on board obtained splendid stores of marine
animals peculiar to the Arctic seas, and hith-
erto unknown to science. Fish were abun-
dant, but the shores were almost destitute of
the usual Arctic birds. ,
" Professor Nordenskjold thus chronicles a
remarkable mineralogical discovery: 'While
the ship was lying moored to one of the tow
pieces of floating ice which we encountered
and found to be of sufficient strength to bear
a dozen men, Lieutenant Nordquist and I
■ .1 - :„_ *^ ^«rt TIT K rt t h ii !• T npri^
islana ana on me lyiii nioug i-nc p>^...u^"".
of Chelyuskin, the sea being almost free from
ice, though there was a bay filled with an un-
broken ice field. At six o'clock on that day
the North Cape of Asia was reached, and the
Vega cast anchor in a little creek with flags
flying and firing a salute with one of her
small guns. The promontory lay clear in the
sunshine free from snow. A polar bear was
walking to and fro on the beach, now and
then looking and snuffing in the direction of
the creek, until frightened away by the noiso
of the salute. The expedition remained at
the North Cape until noon of the 20th, mak-
ing some excursions inland and taking astro-
nomical observations.
" The details of Nordenskjold's voyage sub-
sequently to leaving the mouth of the Lena
are as yet unknown, the only certain fact
beino- the detention for many months in the
ice n%ar Kellett Land, as reported by a vessel
which arrived at San Francisco. It is un-
necessary now to recount the various mea-
sures of relief which were in process of exe-
cution, but which have happily proved un-
necessary by the arrival of the Vega in Behr-
ings Strait."— -Friends' Intelligencer.
Unfaithfulness to discoveries of duties,
plainly imparted, is the parent of doubtings
and distrusts. — S. Scott.
THE FRIEND.
SEVENTH MONTH 19, 1879.
iver while the remainder of the expe<lition|c u j ^ ^.^^^^ ^^^
eturnedtoHammerfestintheshortHpaceofjStance of cosmic or ^^^^^ ^..
en days, We are told that in Sibenae was ^^J^-.^ - ^^^e ice^. ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^_.^
en days, vv e are loia luui. u. ^.^^..c.-- •—
■ecardcd as a benefactor, who had realized
he hopes of many generations, by opening a
commercial highway to Europe througli the
i.retic Ocean. , „ ,
The next year he made another successful
p-oyao-e to the Yenisei, disposed of a cargo of
merchandise, shipped new goods, and returned
to Ilammerfest afier an absence of seven
weeks. ....
The particulars of the present expedition,
■hich has resulted so favorably, we clip from
:ie N Y. Herald of Fifth month 28th.
■ " The favorable results of his two voyages
encouraged Professor Nordenskjold to a bolder
Btep. He no longer hesitated to affirm the
possibility of rounding Taimur Land and the
&orth Cape of Asia to the Lena River and
believed it possible to reach Behring Strait
by the Arctic Sea. He also afhrmed that the
ieeber-'S which accumulate on the eastern
coast of Nova Zembla disappear every sum-
mer beinc^ thawed out by the enormous mass
of fresh water poured out by the three great
rivers of Siberia. A new expedition on a
vaster scale was planned, and an appeal w.„
made for support to Oscar, King of Sweden
and Norway. This enlightened monarch,!
lOi-i on Llie K^c ai. t"^ ••"•
Spitzber^Ten. I could find nothing of the sort
here ; but Lieutenant Nordquist directed my
attention to some yellow spots on the ice,
which 1 asked him to collect and hand to the
botanist of the expedition for examination,
thinking they proceeded from some diaio-
mous mud. At the examination afterwards
made it was discovered that the substance in
question was of no organic product, but coarse
sand, consisting exclusively of very beauti-
fully formed crystals, of a diameter reaching
even up to a couple of millimeters. 1 have
not yet had time or opportunity to examine
them more closely, but, as an experienced
mineralogist, I can see that this mineral is
no common terrestrial one, but that it, per-
haps, is a substance crystulized from the sea
'ater by the severe winter frost.'
'•Between the 14th and the 18th of August
the Vega lay at anchor in an excellent port
in the sound between the Island of Taimur
and the Continent, which the explorer named
Actinia Harbor, on account of the numerous
sea anemones there found. Mosses and lich-
ens were abundant, affording a splendid pas-
ture for reindeer, which were seen, though in
The increasing disposition manifested m
different parts of the Society of Friends to
make arrangements for the support of those
who are enga^ied in the work of the ministry
is one of the marked features of that gradual
change from the doctrines as well as the prac-
tices of our predecessors in religious profes-
sion, which has been going on now for many
years; a change which is welcomed by some
as an improvement, and deprecated by otheis
as a mournful declension, and which neces-
sarily breaks the unity of the body and intro-
duces discord and division. ,. u- j p
Where a minister is drawn by the Head of
the Church to travel in Gospel service, and
his own estate is insuffi.'ient to defray the
necessary expenses, it is right that sufficient
help should be given by the Church or some
of ts members, so that the service intended
should not be hindered. If the family of such
an one is likely to suffer during the absence
of its natural caretaker, it is right that their
situation should be inquired into and relief
afforded by concerned Friends, as is done in
the case of all of our members who are in dis-
tress This care has been taken by the bo-
ciety since its first organization, and mani-
festly flows from that love of one another, and
of the blessed cause of truth and righteous-
ness which should ever prevail in the hearts
of real Christians. Nor is it in any degree
inconsistent with the command of our Saviour
to his disciples, "Freely ye have received
freely ^ive." For in a healthy state of the
Church the relief extended to the families is
not because one of their number is a preacher,
.1 u«.^<-u«m-. in ■n7i*nr. • anu
re fo rdndeer, which were seen, though in not because one of t^eir numu <^..-^"^"-^
1 scanty number. Professor Nordenskjold re- 1 but because they a.e brethren wu ,
392
THE FRIEND.
the help given to the minister ia not as com-
pensation for his preaching, but simply the
defraying of those expenses which must be
incurred in reaching the people to whom the
Lord sends him, and which he has not fund
of his own to discharge.
We believe there is a growing tendency
practically to revive the old distinction be
tweeu clergy and laity; to recognize certain
persons as belonging to a distinct class from
their brethren, — a class who are expected to
devote more of their time to the service of
religion, and who therefore ought to bo re
lieved from the ordinary duty of laboring fo
the support of their families. But it is one of
the glories of the Christian dispensation that
all those who fully partake of its blessings are
"kings and priests unto God," are "a royal
priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people,"
that they should show forth the praises of
Him who has called them out of darkness
into his marvellous light. He who has been
called into the ministry is under no different
obligations than other Christians to labor fo
theextension of Chi-ist's kingdomin theearth,
though his line of service may be different,
because it is the duty of all to labor in the
Lord's vineyard, and to perform such serpiees
therein as the great Husbandman may ap-
point them.
The sentiment which regards ministers as
a separate class of Christians, to be treated in
a different manner from the other members
of the Church, we believe is closely connected
with a departure from, or at least a weakened
bold on one of our most distinguishing doc-
trines— that the ministry can only be rightly
exercised under the fresh anointing and im-
mediate putting forth of the Head of the
Church, and that without this Divine qualifi-
cation it is no better than sounding brass or
tinkling cymbal, however ardent in its charac-
ter, intellectual in its tone, or replete with
Scripture quotations it may be.
The value and efficacj- of Gospel ministry
depend not on the intellectual ability of the
speaker, his mental cultivation or the amount
of scripture information he may have ac-
quired; still less on that study of the sacred
records and compari8on_of texts and doctrines
which may make him wise in his own conceit,
while still involved in the mists of spiritual
darkness; butit dependson the minister being
brought into that humble, teachable and at-
tentive state, in which he is prepared to hear
the inspeaking voice of the Minister of minis
ters, and to distinguish it from the sugges-
tions of his own imagination ; and is enabled
to deliver the message of the Lord in simple
obedience to the Divine requiring, depending
on a wisdom and strength that is higher than
his own. As the minister of the Gospel must
thus be immediately led and taught of the
Lord, there is no reason why he should not
when at home labor with his own hands to
procure things honest in the sight of all men,
as did the great Apostle Paul. It is not neces-
sary for him to spend his time in study and
preparation for the sermons he is expected
to deliver, as is the case with most of the
preachers in other denominations, who in con-
sequence require to be supported by their
congregations. On entering our meetings for
worship his duty is the same as that of all
others present — to wait in fervent exorcise of
spirit on the Lord for ability to offer true and
spiritual worship unto Him, and if a command
is given to speak to the people, to obey the
command ; if no such impression is felt, to sit
in silence, wrestling for the arising of spiritual
life — an exercise which has often been abund
antly blessed without the utterance of words
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — A train, consisting of a locomotive
and four cars, recently left the depot of Pennsylvania
Railroad at 7.35 A. M., and arrived in Jersey City at
9.25. A part of the distance was travelled at the rate
of seventy miles per hour. The return trip was made
in one hour and fifty minutes. It is stated that arrange
ments are made to continue this fast line daily.
The Baldwin Locomotive Works completed on the
10th inst. their 4700th locomotive.
The Board of Managers of Pennsylvania Society to
Protect Children from Cruelty, state, that during the
past six months, 284 cases have been brought to their
notice, involving the custody of 649 children. This is
regarded by the secretary, as an evidence of the increase
of the society's field of labor, being much in excess of
any previous six months. During this time there were
fifty arrests made, and 213 children were removed for
charges of neglect, cruelty, &c., all of whom were pro-
vided with homes.
Five ocean steamships sailed from New York on the
12th, carrying over six hundred saloon and steerage
passengers and very large cargoes.
The growth of the business of American clock and
watch manufacture for export, is illustrated in the
statistics, showing that in 1870 the value of American
clocks exported was $584,273; watches, $5,325; in
1878, clocks, $936,003; watches, $140,794. The im-
portation of Swiss watches has dwindled to inconse-
quential figures, and we stand second to France in the
amount of our export trade.
A tabular statement has been prepared at the Post-
office Department, making a comparison between the
issue of stamps, stamped envelopes and postal cards for
1878-79. The total value of this year's issues is $29,-
539,050.93, an increase of $971,866.17 over the value
of those of last year. The increase in the number of
ordinary postage stamps is 4.29 per cent, as compared
with an increase of 7.66 per cent, for 1878 over 1877.
This comparative falling off is due to the eflect of the
new law for the compensation of postmasters, having
for its basis the number of stamps cancelled, not the
imber sold, which has put a stop to speculative pur-
lases. There were 221,807,000 postal cards issued, an
crease of ten per cent. The increase in the value of
sales to the public, between the two years, is $1,003,-
281.42. •
A significant feature of a table prepared in the Trea-
sury Department, showing the amount of notes and
fractional silver coin outstanding at the close of each
fiscal year from 1860 to 1879 inclusive, is found in the
column giving the value in gold of the total outstanding
currency. From this it is seen, that with the exception
of two years, the purchasing power of the money in
circulation has been constantly increasing. On the
30th of last month, the total amount of currency
culalion was $734,804,994.78, being worth its face in
gold; This is about $9,000,000 in excess of the pur
chasing power of the total outstanding currency at any
previous period of American history.
An approximate report of the foreign trade of the
United States for the fiscal year just closed, gives the
imports at t460,000,000, and the exports $745,000,000.
A piece of the great meteor whicli fell in Emmett
county, Iowa, on the 10th of 5th month, weighing in the
aggregate 500 pounds, has been subjected to a tliorough
examination, with the following results: The metallic
portions, separated as far as possible from tlie rocky
part, gave 885.100 per cent, metallic iron, 11 per cent,
nickel with a trace of cobalt. The rocky part contained
crystals of zircum of small size, and was principally
made up of that mineral in granular form, mixed with
sulphide of iron and nickel, besides carrying silica,
alumina, lime, and magnesia. The whole makes a
compound not heretofore known, though its several
parts are well known to geologists.
Considerable alarm has been felt in Memphis during
the past week in consequence of the re-appearance of
yellow fever. Five or six cases have been reported,
naost of whicli proved fatal. No new case has occurred
since the 10th, and hopes are entertained that the dis-
ease may not spread. Efforts are being made, in the
way of quarantine, to prevent its introduction into other
cities.
There were 425 deaths reported in Philadelphia
during the past week. New York city 710.
Markets, &c.—\J. S. sixes, 1881, 104|-; 5's, registere
102J ; do. coupon, lOof ; 4J per cents, 106 ; 4 per cen
Cotton.— Sales of middlings at 12J a 12| cts. perl
for uplands and New Orleans. (
Petroleum — Crude, 6 cts. in barrels, and standaJ
white, &i cts. for export, and 9^^ a 9i cts. per gallon if
home use.
Linseed oil, Calcutta, 64 a 65 cts. ; American, 62 a (|
cts. Lard oil, 43 cts. for ice pressed. Crude sperm,
a 80 cts. ; bleached winter, 92 a 95 cts. per gallon.
Fruit.— Apples, $2.25 a $2.50 per barrel. Norl
Carolina peaches, ,t2 a $2.50 per box, (| bush.), Georg
do., $1..50 a $1.75 per basket. Raspberries, 3 a 4 cl
per pint. Cherries, 5 a 7 cts. per pound ; fancy, 8 a 1
cts. Watermelons, $20 a $25 per 100.
Flour. — Minnesota extra, medium and fancy, $5
$5.75 ; western do. do., $5.50 a $5.90 ; patent," $7.2
Rye flour, $3.25 a $3.50. Corn meal, $2.40.
Grain. — Wheat is firmer, but quiet ; new red
amber, $1.13 a $1.15; old ditto, $1.18. Rye, 62 ct
Corn, 46 a 50 cts. Oats, mixed, 37J a 38 cts. ; wh
39 a 41 cts.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 85 cts. to $1 pi
100 pounds ; mixed, 65 a 75 cts. ; straw, 85 cts. a $1 pi
100 pounds.
Beef cattle.— Market moderately acttve, and goo
cattle rather higher— extra, 5J cts.; good, 5} cts.,
common 3^ a 4} cts. per pound. Cows, $20 a $30 pf
head. Calves, 3 a 5i cts. per pound. Sheep, 3 a 5 ct
per pound as to quality. Lambs, 4 a 6 cts. Hog '
5 cts. per pound, as to condition.
FoKEiGN. — The remains of the Prince Imperial ai
rivedin England, on the British ship Orontes, on tb
10th inst., and the funer.al ceremonies were observe
on the 12th. Considerable ill feeling is said to b
manifested in France at the great demonstration
mourning in England for the dead prince.
John Joseph Mechi, the noted scientific agriculturis
writes to the Times, " Another week of flooding storm
and_ low temperature has put the finishing stroke to th
agricultural disaster. It is now too late for the croj
to recover. They are considerably injured, evf
well farmed and drained lands, while on ill-farmed an
undrained lands, the matter is simply ruinous. Th
wheat will suflTer less than the spring crops. Weedin
is hopeless, and unless we get the promised hot, dr
weather, many grass and clover crops, and even pes
'U rot ungathered."
Henry Bessemer has taken out 160 patents — almoi
as many as Edison^and one of them, his process fc
making steel, ranks as one of the most brilliant i:
tions of the century. It converts pig-iron into steel i
a few minutes, and has reduced the price of steel rail
from $200 to $30 per ton. Ten times as much steel ,"
used now as prior to 1856.
On the 12lh inst. the Reichstag finally voted the pre
tective customs tariff— 217 against 117. Prince Bii
marck then read a decree closing the session. Sever
teen National Liberals announced their secession fror
that party.
The tariff bill includes amendments providing tha
the grain duties shall come into force on the 1st of Is
mo. 1880, and the duty on flax on the 1st of 7th mont
following.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
Our friends Benjamin W. and Rebecca G. Passmort
having resigned their positions as Superintendent ani
Matron of Westtown Boarding School, Friends wh'
may feel drawn to engage in the important and respon
sible duties of superintending this Institution, are re
quested to communicate with either of the undersigned
The present Superintendents desire to be released ii
4th month next, or earlier.
William P. Townsend, West Chester, Pa.
John S. Comfort, Fall.sington, Bucks Co., Pa.
Charles J. Allen, 304 Aroh St., Philadelphia.
Elizabeth R. Evans, 322 Union St. "
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Pa.
Deborah Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frankjord, (Tweniy-ilurd Ward,) Pliiladelphi
Physician and Superintendent — John C. Hall, M.D
Applications for the Admission of Patients may bi
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board o
Managers.
WILLIAM H. PILE, PRINTER, "
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, SEVENTH MONTH 20, 1879.
NO. 50.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
:ce, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
ComraunicitioTis *o he a.l.lnjsdl to
JOSEPH WALTON,
KO. 150 NORTH NINTH STREET.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
.T so. 116 S'OKTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIR?,
PHILADELPHIA.
I Life aud Ailvciitiirc in Japan.
p: BY E. WABREN CLARK.
(Continu.-d from page 380.)
Accordingly I went gladly to the reception
)om of the Kai sei Gak-ko, or college build
ig, and awaited the coming of him who was
i once my old friend and my new yaeon
he officials sat around in dignified silence,
•hen the dow opened and the new Director
;epped in. He was greeted by my attendants
nd others with profound bows , and tts 1
pproached unobserved behind, and spoke his
imiliar name, he turned about with the same
^yous bound as of yore, grasping my hands
rith the grip of bygone days, and burst forth
7ith such a gleeful warmth of welcome as
aade the solemn officials look at one another
nth mingled awe and wonder, that such a
oisterous breach of etiquette should come
i-om one who usually was so dignified and
aim. We cared little what they thought,
lowever, and enjoyed ourselves for some time
',s hilariously as we pleased.
Hatakeyama said he had "piles of things
o tell me about his strange experiences in the
arious courts of Europe, and he afterwards
ave me the most vivid descriptions of all
hat he had seen and heard. His official con-
nection with the embassy afforded him rare
ipportunities of meeting many of the greatest
nen and princes in Europe. He did not for-
et to bring me some pictures he had promised
"rom my old home in Geneva, Switzerland ;
and I also gave him some large photographs
jf Niagara, which he requested me to bring
rom the falls for his mother.
The new Director assigned me my duties
ind residence at the college, and I was soon
tied amid the novel experiences of life at
the capital. I took new courage, and began
my labors afresh.
Shortly after, the Saga rebellion broke out
the southern provinces of Japan, and Hata-
keyama was sent down there in company
ith the former prince of his province to try
and conciliate the insurgents. The attempt
was unsuccessful, and a short but bloody
strife ensued, in which many noble lives were
lost ; among others, my former student and
friend Katski, who studied with me in Albany
was beheaded with eleven of the leaders of
the rebellion. Katski was a fine young fel
go back to his province, when the rebellion
first broke out, but he would not heed the
advice.
When Hatakeyama started for Saga I ex-
pressed some apprehensions reapectina his
safety. He only smiled, and said quietly,
My trust is in the Lord, and my true faith
will sustain me."
I had a long interview with him at his
house before he left for the south, concerning
the re establishment of my Bible-classes in
Tokio, especially at the Imperial College. He
expressed surprise that no Bible-classes had
been established there before, but said that
as the law against Christianity had not been
revoked, he was not officially able to give the
permission desired. Personally, however, ho
said that he wished the plan God-speed, and
as Director he would appear blind t.j any
attempt that I might see fit to make. He
wished most heartily, he said, that the young
men of Japan might study the Gospel and
abide by it.
Accordingly I started three Bible-classes
in Tokio. Two were held in ray house near
the college, and one at the house of my friend
Nakamura, where my old friends and students
from Shidz-u-oka were gatheivd together.
Soon after arriving in Tokio I attended a
New Year's reception held at the educational
department, at which all the foreign profes-
sors of the Imperial College were present, i he
body of instructors assembled were the most
cultured and gentlemanly company I had
met in Japan, and it was a plea-<ure to see
the progressive interests of the country in-
trusted to such competent hands.
Life in Tokio was more varied than that at
Shidz-uo-ka. Something was always going
on, and pleasant society was not wanting,
whenever one felt the need of it.
The capital itself is not beautiful. There
are no elegant boulevards or splendid build-
ings, such as those seen in European coun-
tries'. Tokio is simply a vast wilderness of
houses, containing nearly a million souls, but
lackin"- all the evidences of comfort and
luxury^to be found in the capitals of western
lands. The houses are built of wood, and a
o-eneral view of the city presents an endless
succession of tiled and shingled roofs, with
here and there a fire-proof storehouse, haviu,
walls of white cement.
Yet there are places of great interest to
visit, notwithstanding the sameness and shab-
biness of the cit}-. Let us stand for a moment
on the highest wall of the Tokio castle, built
by the same great chieftain who constructed
the castle at Shidz-u-o-ka. Close beside us
is a large cannon, which is fired every day pre-
cisely at noon. All about us are the deep moats,
massive walls, and colossal gateways of the
castle, encircling a space of nearly a mile in
extent, and forming a wilderness of walls,
embankments, public buildings, and shady
iow,"and his cruel death was a great shock to;pi-omenades, ^ight in the heart of the ca^^^^
me ; I had endeavored to persuade him not to 'At each angle of the castle wall there used to
be a square tower, built of stone and covered
with white cement; the tower had narrow
windows, from which arrows could be dis-
charged, and the roof was made of heavy
stone tiles, stamped with the crest of the
Tycoon. Only a few of these towers now
remain, the rest having been removed by
order of the Mikado's government.
There are aUo numerous canals which in-
tersect the city in every direction, so that
merchandise can bo transported from one
point to another. Boats of every description
are poled or sculled through the canals.
I had a little canoe carrying but one person,
and propelled swiftly by a single paddle. In
this canoe I cruised around the canals and
moats of the capital, studying many phases
of life among the boatmen and fishermen,
which could not otherwise be observed.
Frequently I would venture out upon the
bay, but the canoe (which I called " The Rob
Roy of Tokio," and which only drew two
inches of water) would dance on the waves
like a duck, while the salt spray washed over
the thin deck, threatening to upset me. But
it never did.
Sometimes I drew in my spoonliko paddle
and raised an umbrella to the wind. The
canoe would scud across the bay, greatly to
the astonishment of the Japanese fishermen,
who had never seen such a tiny craft before.
A large river emptied into the bay of Yedo
on the eastern side of the city, which maybe
seen in the small map of Tokio and vicinity.
Near the mouth of the river was the small
concession," where foreign merchants and
missionaries resided. Here were the foreign
consulates, stores, sehools, and chapels. For-
eigners in the service of the Japanese Gov-
er'nment alone were allowed to reside outside
the limits of the " concession" at the capital ;
for Japan was not yet free to foreign trade,
excepting five open ports.
The most beautiful and interesting places
in Tokio, and those which I most frequently
visited, were the large temples of Shiba,
Uyeno and Asakusa. The two former were
the burial places of the Tycoons for several
centuries, and their sacred groves, richly
ornamented shrines, and spacious halls lor
worship were the most beautiful works ot
art of ancient Japan.
At Shiba the temples are well preserved,
and the carvings and gildings are very ele-
ii-ant The eaves, pillars, and portals ot the
temples display figures of every possible va-
riety from the hideous scales and claws ot
the frightful dragon to the soft white plumage
of the sacred crane. Massive bronze lanterns,
six feet high, are ranged in rows in the court-
yard, and covered corridors lead up the hill-
side to the tombs of the Tycoons.
The tomb consists of a hollow cylinder of
stone, placed upon a granite pedestal, and
surmounted by an immense capstone weigh-
ina; several tons. The dead body of the iy-
coon is deposited in the tomb in a square
394
THE FRIEND.
casket, or sometimes in a large earthen jar;
for the Japanese are buiied in a sitling pos
ture, and occupy but little space. The tomb
is closed by a bronze door, upon which a large
crest of the Tycoon is seen. This crest re-
sembles three oiitS]iread clover leaves, turned
inward upon each other. It is found stamped
upon every thing throughout the temple
grounds, even upon the stone tiles of th
massive temple roofs.
(To bi- contimieii.)
For "The Friend."
letters of James Emlen.
(ContinHeJ from page 3S3.)
Date omitted. " The account of dear Mary
was such as I should expect to hoar — quiet,
peaceful, one of the hidden members of the
body ; and how important these are, may be
inferred from the fact that the most vital,
important parts in members are such as are
out of sight, the bones, the sinews, the heart,
the lungs, and I have often thought if we
may only feel assured that we are of the
bod}', whether hidden members or not, it
would not matter; but yet how important
that these should be preserved in a sound and
healthful condition, and as 'He who made
that which is without, made that which is
within, also ;" to Him we must look for the
healing virtue of diviue life when any thing
is oat of order or in an unsound condition.
Therefore, let none conclude because they
may think themselves out of sight, as Mary
did, that they are therefore needless or use-
less members of the church of Christ. I am
confident that such, keeping their places in
humility, do often secretly minister grace to
beholders.
"Cousin Hannah [Gibbons] has been con-
fined to the house for several daye, more
poorly than I have seen her since she came
to N. C. M. Jeff'eris also is very feeble. I
sometimes look along our galleries with a
good deal of anxiety. Oh ! lor a succession
of such as love the Truth, and who desire
none of the novelties of the present day,
very thankful indeed to be permitted to
share in the inheritance left by our forefathers
— to drink of the old wine."
" Gth mo., 1855; It was very acceptable to
me to read the account thou sent me of the
last illness of your Lydia, no doubt it will
always afford you a peaceful retrospect that
you were so careful of her training, and so
kind in nursing and caring for her. ' What-
soever good thing any man doeth, the same
shall he receive of the Lord, whether he be
bond or free.' These disinterested acts of
kindness are very precious, proceeding from
the good fountain. We take much pains to
guard ourselves against sufi'ering, but I often
think, if we could estimate things rightly,
we should seldom find an easy life, exempt
from trials, the most happy. Our experience
shows us that wc often 'receive the word in
much affliction, with joy of the Holy Ghost,'
when the poor creature is humbled and can
have no share in the glory; and how true we
find it, also, that 'the Lord is no respecter of
persons.' The sable skin does often cover a
sanctified spirit.
" The passage thou alludes to I have always
understood to imply that they who ' scatter'
at the divine command, may always hope for
an increase. There may be, and no doubt is,
such a thing in spiritual matters as scattering,
as the prodigal scatters his substance, when
and where it is not called for, nor perhaps
needed ; or it may bo, as pearls before swine,
&c. ; but they who are ' good stewards' of the
good things they receive what they have
given them to dispense, are such as I have
always sup]50sed lose nothing by scattering,
but on the contrary, they find truly that 'He
that watereth shall be watered again ;' to such
it is even ' more blessed to give than to re-
ceive.' I think I have known something of
this in days past, but latterly mj' travels
have seemed to be through a desert land
The hope thou expressed that 'our waste
places' would be comforted, was somewhat
cheering, and I acknowledge I have been en
deavoring to derive comfort from the many
corresponding assurances to that efl:ect, as
' The wilderness and solitary place shall be
glad for them, and the desert shall rejoice and
blossom as the rose,' and ' The eyes of the
blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf
shall be unstopped, the lame shall leap as an
hart, and the tongue of the dumb sing,' &e.
' The parched ground shall become a pool, and
the thirsty land springs of water,' that we
can but acknowledge there is much in these
promises to encourage us to keep our faith
and our patience under every trial ; and even
while writing, if it is proper for me to write
at all, I feel as one of the poorest of the flock,
if worthy to be called one. My praj'er has
been for a solid increase in humility and sta-
bility. May we all aim for this. * * *
I have been a good deal troubled at hearing
of remarks made by some about poor ;
good men have often made mistakes, and have
had to suffer for it. He admits he was too
hasty, and I believe has been heartily sorry.
* * * When one sees his error and con-
demns it, may we not leave it between him
and his Jud<fe."
" What is that to thee ?"
Tliat ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, wholly
acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable ser-
vice."— Rom. xii. 1.
At a time well remembered a number of
years ago, yet long sincje the days of our
worthy ancestors, the following, in substance,
was heard to take place between a young
Friend and his companion. On rising from
his bed on a Monthly Meeting morning, he
expressed his doubts to her of the necessitj'
of leaving his business <Aaf daj/ to attend meet-
ing ; saying that it would not only be a sacri-
fice of his interest in that respect, but others
which he enumerated; a.nd ih& distance, too,
he thought was so great — much greater than
many others had to encounter; and the roads
were also heavy and difficult to travel, and he
therefore thought he might reasonably be
excused.
After listening attentively to his remarks,
she very prudently, and in a becoming man-
ner, reminded him of the faithfulness of our
early Friends in this respect. The trials and
hardships that many of them were subjected
to — some travelling many miles on foot to
their meetings, and wading streams on the
way, even in cold weather. Others enduring
long imprisonments and cruel beatings; suf-
fering the loss of their property, and even
their lives in some instances, for the sake of
a faithful discharge of this " reasonable duty."
These well-known truths, revived as they
were, evidently caused him to pause and re-
Iflect a little; but the reasoner, still being t
permost and unsubdued, he replied, that
had read the accounts alluded to, and boliev
them to be reliably and worthy ; but we mig
also see in the same accounts that their inec
ings in those days were very different frc
ours in the present day. That he believed tl
original design in adopting the practice
meeting together for the purpose of perfori
ing divine worship, to be, in order that whi
the members respectively were dwelling
the life and power within themselves, the
various gifts and talents might be mingled
the one spirit, as a united endeavor to wo
ship and serve their great Creator aeceptabl
That they might be helpmates and a streugti
to each other; and experience their souls an
spirits to be baptized and refreshed togethei
and the oil of the kingdom poured from ve
sel to vessel : so that if any lacked they migl
be supplied by those that overflowed — i
were weak, they might be supported by thos
that were strong; that all might be edifie
together as members of the one body, " bui
up a spiritual house," their Master and Lor
being the Head, and dwelling in the mids
thereof; thus establishing a strongly fortifie
bulwark against the " wiles of the wicke
one." That if this was not the object i
Christians meeting together for the perform
ance of religious worship, why not as we
each one perform their worship in retiremec
at home.
But in view of the evidences of the powe'
and life which attended their assemblies i
those days, he fully believed that our worth
predecessors in the Truth, saw and felt th
great benefit of thus meeting together for th
purpose of mingling their exercised souls i
worshiping the " Father in spirit and i
truth," because the various members of th
body, each being alive within themselvet
they experienced such opportunities to b
times of refreshing to their hungering am
thirsting souls ; and a groat loss would there
fore have been sustained by neglecting to thu
meet and spiritually mingle with their friende
and this he believed to be the cause of thei
great diligence and perseverance in attendinj
their meetings.
" But how very different," said he, " is th
character of our religious meetings in thi
present day." " Our iSociety, once so highlj
favored, has now become so lukewarm anc
defective, through the love of the world, anc
the things of it, that when we meet togethe;
it is comparable to a collection of dry-bones
that contain neither oil, marrow, nor mois
ture; leaning one against another withou
even life enough to say, ' Give us of your oil
for our lamps have gone out;' resting almos
exclusively in the form, without that life an(
power 80 essentially necessary to render ou
meetings profitable opportunities to us."
" Wherein, then, are we benefited by at
tending such meetings? Why not as wel
use our endeavors individually at home?"
To this train of reasoning she made bu
little reply, as she was no doubt sensible o
that being within him at times, which gav(
him to see and feel that such finite conclu
sions as these would constitute no excuse foi
his unfaithfulness; and although with this th(
interview ended, and the hour of meetint
found him in attendance, yet thoughts wen
awakened in the mind of the hearer, which
led to an instructive view of the proneness ol
the heart of man, in its natural and fallen
THE P'RIEND.
395
ate, to carefally seruliuize all motives to
tion except its own.
How liable is he, when sensible of guilt
ithiii himself, to endeavor to excuse liimself
his own neglect of duty on account of the
ults and defects he sees, or imagines he sees
others. To such as these, how truly ap-
cable is the language, " What is that to thee.
How thou me." It is evidently a mark of
•eat weakness and lack of true di^^cernment,
indulge in pleading excuses in favor of our
wn neglect of duty, on the ground of a belief
lat others are guilty of the same or similar
ificiencies. Are we not thereby yielding
e whole ground to the enemy, and sinking
irselvos to a condition even more faithless
id forlorn than we concieve theirs to bo?
Bsides, while we are thus pleading for the
rong within ourselves, are we capable of
tting in judgment over the spiritual attain
eut^or short-comings of our fellow pilgrims?
First cast the beam out of thine own eye,
Dd then shalt thou see clearly to pull out the
lote that is in thy brolbor's eye."
We should always bear in mind, that the
ealth and prosperity of the church is de-
endont on individual faithfulness; and that
\irselves, each constitute one of these indi-
jduals, whose duty it is to occupy our re-
pective places in the church in accordance
nth the design of our great Creator ; and
:ss we are earnestly engaged to adhere to
, and know the Lord for ourselves to abide
,'ith us, and rule in each one of our hearts,
need not expect that He will reign in our
ssemblies.
6th mo. 29th, 1879.
where there is much talk, the religious char-
acter is superficial, and like other superficial
things, is easily destroyed. And if these be
the attendants, and in part the consequence oi
general religious conversation, how peculiarly
dang'erous must that conversation be, which
exposes those impressions that perhaps were
designed exclusively for ourselves, and the
use of which may be frustrated by communi-
cating them to others. Our solicitude should
be directed to the invigoration of the religious
character in our own minds, and we should
be anxious that the plant of piety, if it had
fewer branches might have a deeper root. —
Dymond's Essays.
Religious Conversation.
A few sentences will be indulged to tne
lere respecting religious conversation. I be-
ieve both that the proposition is true, and
,hat it is expedient to set it down— that re-
ligious conversation is one of the banes of the
eligious world. There are many who are
•eaUy attached to religion, and who some-
iimes feel its power, but who allow their better
["eelings to evaporate in an ebullition of words,
rhey forget how much religion is an affair of
the mind, and how little of the tongue ; they
foro-et how possible it is to live under its power
tliout talking of it to their friends; and
3ome, it is to be feared,^raay forget how possi-
ble it is to talk without feeling its influence.
Not that the good man's piety is to live in his
breast like an anchorite in his cell. The evil
does not consist in speaking of religion, but
in speaking too much ; not in manifesting our
alle;>-iance to God ; not in encouraging by ex-
horUtion, and amending by our advice; not
in placing the light upon a candlestick, but in
making religion a common topic of discourse.
Of alllipecies of well-intended religious con-
versation, that perhaps is the most exception-
able which consists in narrating our own re-
ligious feelings. Many thus intrude upon that
religious quietude which is peculiarly favor-
able to the Christian character. The habit of
communicating experience I believe to bf
very prejudicial to the mind. It may some-
times be right to do this ; in the great ma-
jority of instances I believe it is not beneficial,
and not right. Men thus dissipate religious
impressions, and therefore diminish their ef-
fects. Such observations as I have been en-
abled to make, has sufficed to convince me
that, where the religious character is solid,
there is but little religious talk; and that
" For The Friend "
Extracts from llie Diary and Letters of Ebenezer Wortli.
(Continued from page 387.)
[In the simple narrative contained in the
last number, of the fiiithfulness of a devoted
man under what appeared to be very discour-
aging surroundings, two circumstances seem
to present themselves to view as worthy of
imitation. After feeling an intimaiion of duty
to speak to the individual who was doing so
much injury to the Indians, and no doubt to
others by selling them intoxicating drinks, he
did not speak to him before he "felt a love
and concern" for the poor man himself, who
was the active agent in doing so much harm.
How instructive is the lesson to be learned
by this example, showing that our friend was
notactinginhisown natural will and strength
but we may humbly believe, under Divine
guidance and power ; and how efficacious was
the result, bringing down the lofty spirit of
the liquorseller," reducing him, for the time
being at least, to the state of a little child,
and°to use the expressive language of the
narrative, "I think to tears." Another lesson
may be learned, that in the labor, close and
strait in which our friend found himself
placed, he no doubt felt as did David of old,
.„! u„ „,;nUo,l tr. ni-YQapas tho t hreshinff-floor
when he wished to possess the threshing-floor
of Oman the Jebusite, upon which he set up
an altar to the Lord, "that the plague may
be stayed from the people." And king David
said to Oman, "Nay ; but I will verily buy
it for the full price ; for I will not take that
which is thine for the Lord, nor offer burnt
ott'erino-s without cost." Although our dear
friend "very modestly says : "I told him he
should not lose anything" if he would con-
sent to throw bis whiskey on the ground, it
is understood that he paid for it out of his
own private funds.]
7th mo. 3d. I think I had a favored oppor-
tunity with Alick John on the subject of using
ardent spirits; I had also some conversation
with his wife and sister, in relation to the ad-
vantage and necessity of living a religious life,
which" was also to good satisfaction ; the
praise and glory be to my Divine Master, who
qualifies for every good work.
7th mo. 6th. In the forenoon had my sit-
ting as usual in the middle of the week, which
was comfortable. After dinner started to at-
tend a council at Cold Spring, on the subject
of building a school-house with money appro-
priated by the State for that purpose. Samuel
Wilcox requested nie to ride with him ; when
we got within about a mile of Cold Spring,
his iiorse got his tail over the line and com
towards homo and rode the remainder of the
way. After getting home, had wormwood
and vinegar applied and went to bed. I felt
a good deal discouraged at times, the hurt
looked bad, and hurts on my ancles hereto-
fore had been slow in healing. The thoughts
of havinu- a very sore leg so far from home,
and not knowing what the result might be,
produced serious feelings, and at times I was
brought pretty low, and felt the necessity of
supplicating my Divine Master for forgive-
ness, mercj", and support. His name was
sweet and precious to me in prayer ; had it
not been for his support, it seemed as if ray
poor spirit would have sunk, I think my
prayers were heard, my leg improved much
faster than I could have expected, and I think
likely as fast as would be profitable to me. I
believe the Lord doeth all things right, and
is deserving to be praised for sickness as well
as for health.
On First-day, the 9th of the month, I felt
a desire to have my sittings without being
disturbed. The physician called to sec my
eg ; said it looked better than ho expected,
thought it was doing well ; it was pleasant to
me to hear such an opinion. Befoi-c I could
get an opportunity to get into the quiet it
was later than usual. The doctor came in
the second time, which was some interrup-
tion. I informed him of my wish to have a
time of quiet retirement for worship, he_ sat
awhile in quietness, but inclined to enter into
conversation ; my mind being mercifully drawn
to religious exercise, it was less interruption
than ir would have been at some other times.
5th mo. 21st, 1848.
Dear father, — I received a letter last week
from (brother) John ; he gave me the comfort-
ino- information of the health of my relations
generally (uncle B. only excepted), who he
says is much better. I also received a letter
since Yearly Meeting from Samuel Cope and
one from W. T. The account they gave of
the Yearly Meeting was more favorable than
had expected, although truly sorrowful is
he state of things in our Society, yet I think
there is cause for thankfulness and encourage-
ment. I much desire that Friends endeavor
to live near to Him who can preserve them,
for the Christian's life is a continual warfare,
and one in which we stand in great need of
wisdom and strength from our Divine Mas-
ter to discover the snares of the enemy and
to contend with him, the adversary of our
soul's peace. * * * I think I can sympa-
thize with Friends in their trials, and have
felt disturbed on account of the above trying
case, (alluding to a case in their own Monthly
Meeting), thinking if we were what we ought
to be, we should feel more Christian and
brotherly love than what many of us do, and
should be religiously guarded against giving
cause for offence, and when injured, cultivate
the spirit of forgiveness. What a great attain-
ment to love our enemies and to do good for
evil. * * * My own health is pretty good,
which I esteem a great blessing.
In sincere love, I remain thy son,
Ebenezer Woeth.
(To be continued.)
Srlf-Denial.—Va.\ne greatly, and exercise
often as possible, small efforts of self-denial.
menced kicking and started to run. I umped ;By little and little the n^nlbevry .^ becomes
out so as to ctear the wheels, but in the fall satin, and no one can understand, "m to
out, bo ^ .^ ^^^ ^^^^ thought experience, the amazing power of smaU efforts
I walked about a mile constantly and steadily repeated.— A««!/.
hurt my right leg, bruis'
it was cut to the bone.
;;96
THE FRIEND.
Additional Advices.
Meetings for Trors/t/>.— The testimony borne
hy our religious Society, from its first rise, to
the spiriiual nature of all acceptable wor
ship; that it is not dependent on any thin^
which one man can do for another, but must
be performed by each soul for itself, through
Christ Jesus our holy Mediator, and that it is
equally attainable in a state of true silence,
as when there is vocal utterance; is, we be-
lieve, very important to be faithfully and
publicly upheld, in this day of abundant ac-
tivity, and of dependence on outward per-
formances.
Those who come to their religious meetings
under a sense of their needs ; and when there,
really hunger and thirst for the bread and
water of life; will, in the Lord's time, know
their souls to be refreshed and comforted;
and, having tasted of the preciousness of in-
ward and spiritual communion with H
they will not only have no desire to attend
at places where there are formal stated scr
vices, under the character of worship; but
will feel themselves religiously restrained from
violating our Christian tcstimon}' ngainst a
man-made and hireling ministiy, and to the
supremacy and all sufBeiency of Christ in his
church, as well as to that worship which i-
in spirit and in truth. — 18tJ3.
Fervent are our d^-sir.s for all our memliers,
however small may be the number, who thus
come together for the solemn purpose of
oflFering adoration lo the Most High, that,
humbly relying on the Great High Priest of
our profession for ability to appear with ac-
ceptance before Him, they may wait, in the
silence of all flesh, for the arising of a sense
of his presence and power, and know Him to
feed them with the food convenient for them.
Then indeed would our meetings be held in
the power of God, and while tending to bu
up on our most holy MiU, would hold out a
living invitation to others lo come and have
fellowship with us; for they would be made
sensible that our fellowship was with the
Father and with his Son Jesus Christ.— 1875,
Never Forget Anything. — Charge your
with your duty. That is largely the true
definition of faithfulness. Bad memory and
mistakes are used as apologies a great deal
ofteuer than necessary. A boy beginning
business life will generally lose his plaice who
pleads such an excuse more than once or
twice.
A successful business man says there were
two things which he learned when he was
eighteen, which were afterward of great use
to him, namely: "Never to lose anything,
and never to forget anything." An old law-
yer sent him with an important paper, with
certain instructions what to do with it.
"But," inquired the young man," suppose
I lose it; what shall I do then ?"
The answer was, with the utmost emphasis,
"You must not lose it?"
"I don't mean to," said the young man,
" but suppose I should happen to?"
"But I say you must not happen to! I
shall make no provision for any such occur-
rence. You must not lose it!"
This put a new train of thought into the
young man's mind, and ho found that if he
was determined to do a thing he could do it.
He made such provision against every con-
tingency that he never lost anything. Ho
found this equally true about forgetting.
a certain matter of importance was to be re
membered, he pinned it down on his mind
fastened it there, and made it stay.— Yom^A's
Companion.
UNSPOKEN PRAYER.
Too tired — too worn to pray,
I can but fold ray hands.
Entreating in a voiceless way.
Of Him who understands "
How flesh and hearts succumb —
How will sinks, weary — weak,
" Dear Lord, my languid lips are dumb.
See what I cannot speak."
Just as the wearied child,
Through sobbing pain opprest,
Drops, hushing all its waitings wild.
Upon its mother's breast —
So on thy bosom, I
Would cast my speechless ))r.iyer.
Nor doubt that thou wilt let me lie
In trustful weakness there,
And though no conscious thought
Before me rises clear.
The prayer, of wordless language ■
Thou yet will deign to hear.
For when, at best, 1 plead—
What so my spirit saith —
I only am the bruised reed,
And thou, the breathing breath.
— Margaret J. Preslon.
light,
" iMOTHER IS GROWING OLD."
"Aye, John, I know there are sunny lands
Where our eager feet might roam ;
Wealth rears its shining goals afar
From our rural, vine-clad home;
And we are young, and strong and bold,
And could win both honor and fame;
And twine brave laurel-wreaths around
The dear ancestral name.
" But, John, do you note the failing step,
And the ever whitening hair.
Of lier who over our childhood years
E'er watched with tenderest care?
Too soon the folded hands may rest;
Too soon the form lie low ;
And while she waits to bless us here
From here I cannot go.
The work of our hands might turn to gold ;
Our paths might with flowers be bright ;'
But all is naught as I bask this eve.
In our fireside's tender light ;
For I feel the bliss of her faithful love,
Through weal or through woe the same.
And no music can thrill my heart like her voice,
When she gently calls my name.
" Her smile is the light and joy of the day ;
And in fancy I love to trace
The likeness of some rare pictured saint,
As I look in her calm sweet face ;
And e'en as the light from the picture fades,
When the sunlight passes away,
I know we shall miss her womanly grace,
The light of our home, some day.
"Aye, John, our mother is growing old,
And our sweetest joy should be
To speak those words she loves to hear,
' Dear mother, lean on me.'
The love she gave to our helpless years
It is ours in return to bestow;
And so, while she waits, in the dear, old home,
Afar we never may go."
—N. Y. Ledger.
An Exiilbitioii of Indian Character.
In the summer of 1853 I had a contract of
surveying Government land in the lower
peninsula of this State, (Michigan,) in what is
now known as Missaukee county; in which
Muskrat lake is situated. The country was
then a wilderness ; the Catholic mission on the
point in Grand Traverse Bay beingthe nearest
to settlement to my territory, and that seventy
Ifi miles distant from my camp. I had made
arrangement with my family before leavi
home in April, 'to go to the post office
"Mission Point," to receive and deposit I
ters, and field books of my work for the Si
veyor-General. Accordingly, on the first di
of August, I, with one of iny young men f
company, set out to go through the wild(
ness seventy miles to the post-office. Wh.
we had traveled around tho lake from o
camp on the east side to tho west side,
found some Indians camped there, from tl
Grand Traverse Indian settlement, who we
out on a deer-hunting excursion ; there be
no deer in the vicinity of their homes. Thr
of them, one old man and two young me
probably his sons, were tying up bundles
form of knapsacks, and had the appearance
preparing for a tramp.
My young man and I could speak a fe
words of their language, and they about
much of ours, and so, between what we i
understood of each other, we made out th:
they were going home to Mission Point— J
here we wanted to go. We were glad
have company. They had a blind trail wh
they could follow, although a white man coul
not, unless ho was a practical woodsman or
surveyor.
I When ourcompany gotready, we all starte
into a blind furest northwest of the lake, eac
I one carrying a knapsack on his back. Wetra
jelcd together till noun, without convi'rsatio
I with our red companions, except as an occi
'sional word dropped from one of the youn
J men would be replied to, but not a woril fro
the (lid man.
About noon we came to a fine brook
cool, clear water, and I proposed to cat ou
lunch and rest a little while. The day wa
very hot, and mosquitoes very thick
hungiy, so wo made a smudge and took ou
our loaf of bread and piece of pork, and th
red men lighted their pipes ; having no lunch
I presume they intended to smoke whi
ate, but I, seeing they made no signs of eating
offered each of them a piece of bread and pork
which was received with a nod and kind o
guttural acknowledgment, and pipes
'aid aside until after lunch.
While we wer(
smoking,
they
resting and the red mor
sitting on the ground, I noticec
ej'eing each other
pec
jlia!
way which I did not understand; as I wai
watching to see what it meant, 1 also noticed
that ihe.j began to hold their heads lowei
and lower towards the ground and speak to
each other in whispers, their eyes now aV
turned in the same direction, I too, looked ii
the same direction, with my auricular nerve
all sharp set to catch the slightest sound, but
could hear nothing. I finally asked what my,
friends heard and got the answer in a whisper,
Nich-a-nau-ba, the Indian word for Indian.
In a few moments after, I heard at quite a
distance, the dull thudding sound of a horse's
feet on the ground coming toward us. I had'
always, till that time, rather prided myi^elf
on the acuteness of my hearing, but these
children of the forest certainly threw my
self-conceit in that respect in tho shade. The
curiosity of all the performance was that th,
traveling Indian was going out to tho lake
which our companions had just left, but no
conversation whatever took place between
the parties. Ou the contrary, the traveler
with the, pony made a circuit and left the
trail, and did not come nearer than four rods
of the resting party.
THE FRIEND.
397
/■hitc people, when meeting their neii^h-
s awav from home, would have been likely
,ave said, " How were our friends at home,
en you left?" "What are the prospects
game at the lake?" " Where have you
Q?" or some such question; but these
er spoke. I then asked if they knew the
ian who had just passed, and was answered
he affirmative by a nod of the head, but no
er explanation was made.
Vhen they had finished their smoking, and
felt rested, we resumed march together,
I travehd all day in a perfect wilderne
y leading the way along a trail so dim that
one but a woodsman or an Indian could
ow it. We traveled all the afternoon to
her, and just at evening we arrived at an
,n spot beside a beautiful brook of clear,
d water, where the ground bad the appear
se of wear and use. A pile of old ashes
i burned ends of sticks of wood, and the
aeral aspect of the surroundings required
t a moment to determine that the place
Is an Indian camp.
3nr Indian friends, without any ceremony,
loaded their knapsacks, and my young man
d I iollowcd thnir example without ques-
A fire was soon lighted, and prcpara-
for night were made. The old Indian,
10 had not spoken a word of English all
ent around peering into the brush and
shcs and finally approached a large old
oe lo" and began to rake the old leaves out
)m 0*110 side of it, and pulled out a camp
ttle and some knives, forks, spoons and tin
ates. By this time the young men had a
We traveled together the next day till
evening when we separated, they turning off
to their homes. The only articulate word
the old man uttered in my hearing was at the
fork in the trail where wo separated. I was
a little behind the company when they arriv-
ed at the fork, and the young Indians took
one trail and my young man the other, but
the old Indian stood at the f jrk until I arriv-
ed a few minutes after ; then he pointed me
to one trail saying " mont-pa," which is as
much as to say '-that way;" he then gave
mo his hand and made a bow, and we parted
— W. L. Goffinbury, in the Am. Antiqarian.
made, and they fixed a tripod of three
icks, hung over the kettle with water in it,
,d one of them opened his knapsack and
oucrlit forth a doer's head which he bad
Tried all day rolled up tight in a woolen
anket, through a hot sun in August, but
lere was not the least taint, or sign of being
.oiled about it. The young men skinned
head, cut it up and put it in the kettle ot
ater to boil. They had shot several pigeons
I the afternoon. These they also dressed
d put in the kettle. Seeing all the opera-
on carried oji with my eyes open, and noth-
.g filthy about it, I put in a small piece of
ork for' each of the family, say five, callin
ttention to the fact as I did it, and in _a(
nowledgment of it received the expression
om the Indians " neshien cocush," which,
eing interpreted, means good pork.
wliile the cooking was going on, the old
nan took one tin plate, one knife and fork
0 the brook, and with sand and water, scoured
hem clean and bright, and when the meat
7&S well cooked he took out one pigeon, on
iiece of pork, and one piece of venison, on
,he clean plate, together with the clean knife
ind fork, and brought them to me, where 1
vas seated to rest after my hard day's walk,
knd with a low bow and a guttural vgh, set
it down to me for ray supper. We gave each
!)ne of them a piece of our bread, and we all
lad a good supper and soon retired for the
light each one of our Indian companions by
Qimself, rolled up in his Mackinaw blanket
like a silk worm in his cocoon, and a respect-
ful distance from me, and thus spent the night.
,It is presumable that our traveling compan-
ions knew what we were doing in the woods,
and as I was the oldest of our party, the old
Indian exhibited his respect for my station
Iby giving me a clean dish, knife and fork at
iBupper.
** For The Friend."
An Historic Parallel, or Georsc Fox and Martin Luther
as Reformers.
BY CYRUS W. HARVEY.
(Continued from page 3S6.)
" If there are tho.se in the Society of Friends
who, after careful investigation of the Scrip-
tures, find that they are not in unity with its
doctrines, they are with it, but not of it ; and if
such remain in the Society and make an effort
to discard or subvert its doctrines, the effort—
as such efforts always do— will only cause
strife, disunity, and division among Friends.
"Believing that many sincere-hearted per-
sons, who really desire to be Friends, are car-
ried away with these unsound doctrines, by
an undue confidence in the soundness and in-
le"-rity of those who arc denying this; which
wTlliam Ponn calls, the 'fundamental' doc-
trine of the Society of Friends ; I have thought
it best to show the prominence and clearnes
with which Friends have always tau^'ht thi
doctrine, by calling attention to the followin
quotations setting it forth ; and I commend
them to all who are compelled to sit under a
ministi-y which denies the presence of the
Holy Spirit in the heart of the sinner.
"I desire it expressly understool, that I
do not make quotations from the writings of
Friends, as arguments to prove the doctrines,
but that it may be seen how inconsistent or
worse it is, for any who claim to be Friends,
to charge their brethren who believe thom,
with heresy or unsoundness. George Fox
says of his own ministry to the inhabitants
of'Becliff : ' I directed them to the Divine Light
of Christ and his Spirit in their hearts, which
would let them see all the evil thoughts, words
and actions, that they had thought, spoken,
and acted; by which light they might see
their sin, and also their Saviour Christ Jesus
to save them from their sins. This, I told
them, was their first step to peace, even to
stand still in the light that showed them their
sins and transgressions ; by which they might
come to see they were in the fall oi' o\d Adam,
in darkness and death, strangers to the cove-
nant of pi-omiso, and without God in tlio
world ; and by the same light they might see
Christ, that died for them, to be their Saviour
and Redeemer, and their way to God.' Jour.
' " At no time in the history of the Society,
has there been more outward or verbal recog-
nition of the offices of the Holy Spirit in the
believing Christian, than at this lime. Yet
while this is true, it is equally true, that at
no time in its history have there been so many
who seem disposed to question its teachings
on the doctrine of 'Universal and Saving
lAght,' — or the nature and extent ot the Holy
SpTrit's office in the unbeliever. Many stato-
■ments now made, touching this doctrine, are
open to objection. Such as ' The Holy Spirit
only comes to the unregenerate as an outside
' 'tor.' That the Spirit is not in the sinner.
That Christ only 'stands at the door and
knocks'— in which the expression, addressed
to the 'lukewarm' Church of the Laodiceans,
is thus applied to the unconverted. And this
lino of thought is carried as far away from
that doctrine, which William Penn calls the
' fundamental principle' of early Friends, as
is possible to carry it, when — in unity with
the teaching of Alexander Campbell and his
followers— it is declared, that ' where there is
no knowledge of the facts of the gospel, by
tradition or other outward medium, in such
there is no immediate influence of the Holy
Spirit.' I remark, as a fact verified by obser-
vation, that the advocates of every phase of
the above views persistently shun any com-
parison of their views with the writings of
arly Friends, on the ground 'That they are
preaching Christ and not George Fox ;' but
when members or ministers are called in ques-
, it is not only our right, but our duty, to
test their soundness by the standard writings
of the Society.
•' The Apostle Paul, in one of his most
urgent injunctions to the Church at Rome,
says, ' Now I beseech you, brethren, markthem
which cause divisions and offences, contrary
to the doctrine which ye have learned, and
avoid them, for they that are such, serve not
the Lord Jesus Christ,' of them Paul says,
that ' by good words and fair speeches, they
d.ceive the hearts of the simple.' Rom. xvi.
17-18. The Society of Friends ha^ no creed ;
but that its characteristic doctrines were es-
tablished by general agreement and unity,
almost from its first rise, is attested by the
many writings still extant. For two centuries
it was a brotherhood, where love and har-
mony reigned. Its history bears evidence
that this was only broken by efforts of those
not in unity, to subvert its doctrines or prac-
tices. As God is the ' author of peace as in
all the churches,' 1 Cor. xiv. 33, the presump-
tion is, that that which leads to division is
not of God. It will always be found, that in
that which divides brethren, a principle of
truth is in some way involved ; therefore,
when we see those who make^ divisions con-
trary to that which we have learned,' we
should mark them, and no 'good words' or
'fair speeches,' should prevent us from imme-
diately comparint
their doctrines with the
standard d ictrines of the Society. I there-
fore call attention to George Pox's Epistle to
the people of Ulverstone, found on pages 134
and 135 of his Journal ; as one which may be
rejected or denied, but not misunderstood.
To the inhabitants of this wicked city he
lays : ' God hath given to every one of you, a
measure of his Spirit, according to your capacity;
liars, drunkards, whoremongers and thieves, and
who 'follow filthy pleasures, you all have this
measure in you. Thou that hatest the light,
thou hast it. This light, if thou lovest it, will
teach thee holiness and righteousness, with-
out which none shall see God ; but if thou
hatest this light, it is thy condemnation.
Therefore, to the light in you, I speak ; your
teacher is within you, look not forth; it will
teach you, both lying in bed and going abroad,
to shun all occasions of sin and evil.' He says,
that this epistle ' was directed to all the in-
habitants of Ulverstone in general.' To the
followers of priest Lampit, he says : ' To the
light in all your consciences I r"-"
39S
THE FRIEND.
Christ Jesus doth enlighten j'ou withal.' —
Jour. p. 136. On the satno page, to Adam
Sands he says, ' to the light in thy conscience
1 appeal, thou child of the devil.' On p. 143,
' I declared to them, that every one that
eonioth into the world, was enlightened by
Christ the life.' Page 178 : ' He that feeleth
the light that Christ hath enlightened him
withal, ho feeleth Chriat in his mind, and the
cross of Christ, which is the power of God.' "
(To be concluded.)
For " The Friend.'
Editors of "The Friend:" —
From the first introduction of " Eeligious
Items" into the columns of "The Friend," it
has been upon my mind to send a word of
approval, believing they will meet a want felt
by many. Surely those who are desiring the
enlargement of the Eedeemer's kingdom, and
earnestly engaged to bo found faithful in the
sphere allotted ihera, must foel a craving to
know ofits growth and estublishment in other
parts; being ever ready to rejoice in behold-
ing " the knowledge of the Lord cover the
earth" (our earthy natures) "even as the
waters cover the sea." " I'ho word of God
cannot be bound;" and our interest as fol-
lowers of a meek and lowly Jesus, is not con-
fined to time, or place, or people. "Rejoice
in the Lord ahvay ; and again I say rejoice!"
M.
Chester Co., 7lli mo. 13th, 1870.
Conimanicated.
Tuckerton, 7th mo. 19th, 1879.
The fir.'^t meeting in Friends' now meeting-
house at Beach Haven, on Long Beach, near
Tuckerton, N. J., was held on First-day, the
6th inst., — a number of Friends attended.
The meetings will be continued until Ninth
mo. 14th, under care of Quarterly Meeting's
Committee.
L. W. P.
Proviihntiil Escape. — Some years ago.
clergyman from New Haven was on a visit
to Boston one winter. He was stopping at
the Marlborough Hotel, and was sittin
his room writing a lecture that he was going
to deliver. A very severe gale was blowing
that day. He stopped ia his writing-, bein^
at a loss for a word. He clasped his hand's
over his head, and tilted his chair back, while
hesitating about the word he wished to make
use of. Just while he was doing this, the
storm blew down a chimney, and a great mass
of bricks and mortar came tearing through
the roof and the ceiling, and crushed the table
on which ho had been writing. If he had
not leaned back on his chair at that very
moment, he would have been killed instantly.
The hole made in the roof was from ten to
fourteen feet in width.
What was it which led him to lean back at
that very moment, and so to save his life?
It was not an accident or chance that hap-
pened to him. In a world where God is always
Religious Items, &c,
Mission Among the Teloogoos.— The Eeport
of the Missionary Union throws some light
on the influence which caused the great num
ber of conversions from Biahmiuism to Chris
tianity among the Teloogoo Indians, amount
ing in the last year to 9600. These converts
became members among the Baptists— who
had for some time been laboring in that field.
The report says, " The rains of 1876 had failed,
and distress had become great. Months pass-
ed, and 1877 was ushered in, and with it all
the stern realities of a terrible famine. Idols
wore worshipped at the beginning of the
famine freely, enthusiastically ; and Brahmin
and other priests again and again promised
rain, seed-timo, and harvest; "but all these
had proven to be fiilse. By the beginning of
1878 the mass of all castes and creeds were
convinced that idols could not help them.
Had they not cried night and day for well
nigh two years, and sacrificed to them time
and again, and yet the rain came not? Then,
when it did come, and they so piously sowed
the seed, notwithstanding all their Muntias,
it rotted. Then the charity of English Chris-
tians enabled them to sow their fields again ;
bat their idols did not keep the grasshoppers
away, and many — and the aggregate would
make a multitude— had so far lost faith in
the gods of their fathers, that they felt that
a last appeal must be made, even to Jesus
Christ as the one, the only living God; and
ibout him, and how to call upon him so as to
bo heard, the most -orthodox Hindoos even
were glad to listen. The coolies on the Buek-
ngham Canal, who, all told, numbered seve-
ral thousand, having worked under Christian
Maistries (or head men), had scattered to
their homes. These last, as their lives or the
lives of their parents or little ones had boon
saved by the work secured at Camp Razoo-
palem, felt that Christianity was different
from Hindooism. They had seen its practical
workings, and heard thegoodnewsof salvation
through the love of Jesus for them. They re-
membered the hard lot granted to them in
the Brahrainical religion ; and they were tired
of it, and gladly heard of something better,
and threw away their old religion, and era-
braced Christianity, many of them with a
living faith in Jesus. These spread the news
of their new faith to the Nulla Mulla Hills on
the west, and far to the north ; hence, the
preachers and teachers, when they went from
village to village, found many not only ready
to listen, but many actually believing in
Jesus."
Enforcing Discipline.— A. writer in the Chris
tinn Advocate (Methodist), urges the necessity
of enforcing the rules of discipline against
such diversions as card-playing and dancing,
nd such offences as are forbidden by th°'
scriptures and "sufficient to exclude a person
from the kingdom of grace and glory." He
present everywhere, there can be no such asserts that the church ought not to become
thing as acindent or chance to the children |an asylum for evil-doers, or encourage loose-
01 Crod. Why was that word which thejness in moral conduct; and says, tliat if it
writer needed, forgotten ? The finger of God allows its members to borrow money without
was laid upon that busy b.-a.n and a pau.se a probability of paying, or to commit other
was made. Then came the vain effort to | acts of dishonesty, it is shorn of its strength,
ecall to invent or to coin the word, then fettered in its influence, and becomes a laugh'
the change of a titudo and the escape. The ing stock to the world. The strength o? a
Christian should apply tho microscope to his church should not bo measured by numbers
experience and in the rays of light stream-jor by wealth, but by the depth of its piety,
ing from that text 'there shall not an hair land its saving influence upon the comminity
ofLorhrtlrrr r ^''''^°'';i'"'''°'^J'°'H I^l^--^ satisfaction to see such sound senti-
of adoring thankfulness.-^;;. liec. I mcnts put forth and advocated.
Cosily Funerals.— A ministers' meeting!
Putnam Co., N. Y., recently adopted a papj
in which they recommend, " In view of ti
prevalent tendency of our times to mat
costly expenditures for caskets and adoii
ments, that on the part of both rich and pel
all the arrangements for interment be sirail
and inexpensive." [
Church Music— The Presbyterian Gonei
Assembly at Belfast declined by a vote of 3
to 278 to permit musical instruments to |
used in divine worship. l
The ministers of the Free Church of Set
land have been enjoined by the General A
sembly to discountenance raffles or baza]
lotteries, and other similar methods of raisii)
money for religious purposes.
War. — That which is opposed to tho teac)
ings of Christ, cannot be right for Chrisiianj
That which is morally or religiously wron
cannot be politically right. So also all wa
whatever be the plea of policy or of necessit
is not lawful under the Christian dispensatid
Temperance Movement in China. — It appea
from the Pekin Gazette, the official gazette
the country, that the governor of Shan
Tung, in obedience to instructions issued
the instance of the Board of Revenue, h
published a report on "the condition of tb
spirit trade in that province," and that he s
proves a plan suggested by the Board I
"gradually closing the distilleries." An .
ficial notice says that, " by way of putting
stop to the excessive waste of food whicj
spirit-distilling entails," the governor pr<
poses to have all distilleries now open rogi
tered, to make their licenses non-transferabh
and to issue no new ones. This official notic
closes by saying that "so much grain kef
out of the distilleries will be so much foot
stuff saved. The proposal, therefore, is tha
from tho present year the existing establisl
ments will be allowed to die out, while n
new ones will be permitted to be opened. "-
Temperance Advocate.
Spiritual Communion. — At an annual moei
ing of the Congregational Union of Englan
and Wales, one of the speakers said : " The
found in the New Testament soiriething mor
than a knowledge of the teaching of Christ
Was there not such a thing mentioned a
communication with Him as truly as com
munication with living persons around us
Their duty was to help Christian people t
realize tho fact of Christ's presence amon;
them. That might be done by a more fre
quent waiting on the Holy Spirit, and bj
teaching them to live closer to their grea
Saviour."
A writer in The British Friend thinks tha
even "Friends" may accept the monitiot
contained in these words, "fitly spoken;'
because some among them practically over
look the assurance contained in the text
" Where two or three are gathered together it
my name, there ain I in the midst of them.'
By such persons, he says, "it is deemed be-
fitting (in certain of our meetings for wor-
ship), regularly to have a portion of the Bible
cad aloud; such portions as, from time tc
timo, shall have been selected. This pro-
dure differs little from that of the Congre-
gationalists in their usage of texts, followed
here in tho general by comments, as do they
by sermons." He objects to the innovation,
S'^J'ing, " We assemble in order that we may,
by Divine aid, be enabled to worship God
ho is a Spirit, in spirit and in truth." .
THE FRIEND.
399
Natural History, Science, &c,
kne Pollen Mistaken for Sulphur. — The
don Times of 6lh mo. 16lh said that dm--
the previous weeli after a heavy fall of
, a thin film of sulphur had been observed
Hndsor and the neighborhood to settle on
rface of rain-water caught in butts and
etired behind the shrubs to wait further de-
velopments. Thi.s was repeated on two other
occasions, until finall}- they were obliged to
give up putting out crumbs, as puss showed
"fatal enemy to the birds. —
much disgusted as we should be by seeing an
E-quimaux eating raw whale's blubber. In
their opinion, butter is not fit to be eaten
until it is cooked or melted. The principal
I use they make of it is to anoint the body, and
it keeps the skin smooth and glossy."
rofessor Carpenter of Eton College sent a
munication, published in " Nature," _\n
eh he says the supposed "sulphur-rain"
caused considerable excitement among
country people in his neighborhood. It
first observed after a heavy shower on
afternoon of 6lh mo. 8th. Its yellow
r suggested sulphur, and some of the
igers around Eton were afraid to go to
thinking that the judgment-day was at
d. Two or three days afterwards there
I a similar shower, and on collecting some
;he dust it was found to be pollen of the
e, of which two species are common in
ndsor Forest.
le subsequently received a specimen of a
lar deposit from near Carlow, Ireland,
ich also proved to bo pine-pollen.
?he public papers have recently contained
ounts of a similar fall of pine pollen in the
jrior of Pennsylvania over an extensive
bt of country.
:n those oases tho light powder is borne
m the trees by the winds, and carried along
it descends by its own weight, or is en-
gled in the falling moisture of a rain-storm.
Vog Recognizing his Master's Portrait.—
as. W. Peach in '' N^iture" relates that
len he resided in Cornwall, England, he
1 a very intelligent dog, a cross between
! Newfoundland and Spaniel. A young
ist having painted a portrait of the dog's
later, when it was brought home the dog
present at its uncovery, though nothing
.8 said to him, nor any invitation given to
tice it. The family observed that his gaze
18 steadily fixed on it, and he soon became
Icited and whined, and tried to lick and
t-atch
After it was hung up, the door of the room
is left open without any thought about the
;. He however soon found it out; and a
' whining and scratching was heard, when
was found on a chair trying to get at the
cture. After this it was hung higher up
prevent its being injured. Whenever his
aster was absent from home the dog was in
herself sucl
Nature.
Ethnology. — Among the arrivals at Berlin,
Prussia, are a family of Esquimaux, one of
Pataconians, and some Zulu Uaflfres.
Locusts Victorious.— ^. Russian paper gives
an account of a plague of locusts near EUsa-
betpol, which forced a detachment of troops
on their march to retrace their steps. They
settled so thick on the soldiers' faces, uniforms
and muskets, that the major, driven to de
peration, ordered firing at them for half an
hour, but this produced no effect, and a march
back was on\6v<iA.— Nature. . -
Changes in Vegetation. — At a meeting of with the child, and the
the Delaware Co., Pa., Institute of Science, as
reported in the Me I ia American, Dr. George
Siiilh stated that the former existence ol
White Cedar on Tinicuni Island is shown by
" the imbedded logs and stumps of that tree
found there. Sharing in the gradual sub-
sidence of the eastern coast of the continent,
the peculiar swamps which produce these
cedars with their springs, were brought below
tidewater, and the trees thereby utterly de-
stroyed as growing limber. Every botanist
can readily imagine how many other plant*'
usually found in cedar swamps,
merged and destroyed at the same time
of the most remarkable of these cedar swamp 'gj
were sub
Oni
Practical Sympathy.— In one of our sleeping
cars in America there was an old bachelor
who vs'as annoyed by the continued crying of
a child, and the ineffectual attempts of the
father to quiet it. Pulling aside the curtain,
and putting out his head, he said, " Where is
the mother of the child? Why doesn't she
stop this nuisance?" The father said very
quietly, "The mother is in the baggage car
in her coffin; I am traveling home with the
babv. This is the second night I have been
little creature is
wearying for its mother. I am sorry if its
plaintive cries disturb any one in this car."
" Wait a minute," said the old bachelor. The
old man got up and dressed himself, and com-
pelled the father to lie down and sleep, while
he took the babe himself. That old bachelor
stilling the cry of the babe all night was a
hero. And the man who, for the sake of
others, gives up a lawful gratification in his
own house or in the social circle, is as great a
hero as though he stood upon the battle-
field.—J. B. Gough.
It
as we meet and wait together in the
as we live and walk in the Spirit, the
plants— the Sarracenia or side-saddle flower,
preserved a sickly exi.sienc.» on Tinicum even
down to the time when I m^ide my early
botanical visits to that island. Here the cause
of a great floral change is evident, but changes
occur that are not so readily explained."
Some discussion followed the reading of
this paper, in the course of which Dr. Geo.
Smith said that when John Prince established
his government on Tinicum, he built a fort —
it is°8aid in history of hemlock, but it was of
white cedar; the fort wa-i burned by the
Dutch, and hemlock would not have burned
The doctor further remarked : " Persons of
my ago will remember the great abundanc
of St.'johns wort(H(/pmeMm perforatum) that
grew throughout the county, especially in
pasture fields, and which was so seriously in-
jurious to white-nosed and white footed horses.
This is a foreign species, and was widespread
worship of G^d in spirit and in truth is per-
formed ; which all the bare professors upon
the face of the earth are ignorant of. Such
as wait and worship in the Spirit, know Jesus
in the midst of them to be their Saviour, then-
teacher, and leader; and as they follow and
obey Him, though but as one of a family, and
two of a tribe, they will be as the light of the
world, as the salt of the earth, and patterns
and examples of righteousness to all that be-
hold them.— William Shewen.
the time of John Bartram, the earliest of
habit of repairing to this room and g.zing American botanists, and ;'''^;JJ'"''^J:l
' —?■ ■ • " ^ — ^^^ injurious effects on horses, ile says it
spreads over whole fields and spoils their
pasturage, not only by choking the grass but
by infecting our horses and shet-p with scabbed
noses and feet, especially those that have
the picture. This lasted for years— as
ng as the dog lived and was able to see it.
C. W. Peach adds, " I have never kept a
3g since he died, I dare not— his loss so much
fected me."
Sagacity of a Caf.— During the recent severe
inter a friend was in the habit of throwing
rumbs for birds outside his bedroom window,
he family have a fine black cat, which, see-
ig that the crumbs brought birds, would oc-
isionally hide herself behind some shrubs,
nd when the birds came for their breakfast,
ould pounce out upon them with varying
access. The crumbs had been laid out as
sual one afternoon, but left untouched, and
uring the night a slight f\vll of snow occurred.
»n looking out next morning my friend ob-
erved puss busily engaged scratching away
he snow. Curious to learn what she sought
e waited, and saw her take
white hair on their face and legs
appearance of this plant was sudden and tor
a time seemed almost complete; only a few
pecimens were left which may have increased
„ little within the past few years. The cause
of the disappearance of this plant is unknown,
but the re-spreading of it over the country
should be prevented."
Eaw Buiter.—When D. Livingstone was
among the tribes of Central Africa, he says,
" We shocked the over-refined sensibilities of
the ladies by eating butter on our bread
•Look at them! look at them! they are
actually eating raiv butter— ugh ! how nasty!
Worthy of Record.— A. month or two ago,
says one of the late papers, a young girl in
Boston, the daughter of one of the wealthiest
men there, being about to marry, asked her
father to let tho^veddiDg be as quiet as possi-
ble, and to give her the money which would
have been spent in flowers, wines, &c. With
this money she gave a certain sum to the poor
of each city which she visited on her wedding
journey She had the blessing of the hungry
and naked strewed along her path instead of
roses. The story, without names, crept into
the newspapers. A short time since the wed-
ding of one of tho great capitalists of New
Yoi-lv city was marked by as beautiful and
touching an incident. One of the gifts of the
bride was the sending of one hundred orphan
boys to homes in the West. Two noble ex-
amples for all to follow.
THE FRIEND.
SEVENTH MONTH 26, 1879.
It has been a satisfaction to oh.serve in The
British Friend for the present month, a partial
review of the " Memoir, Sermons, &c., of the
ate Robert Barclay," in which the writer
400
THE FRIEND.
viovvs from preceding sects, and was mistaken
in attributing tliem to the openings of the
Spirit of Trutli on his mind.
We concur also in the following remarli:s
on the published sermons:
"We deprecate the introduction into our
meetings for worship of discourses premedi-
tated and prepared by dint of study. We
maintain the steadfast belief that when spirit-
ual life is begotten in the soul, through the
new birth, near communion with Christ — yea
with the Father and the Son (John xiv. 23)
— will often be experienced in the patient,
exercise of watching unto prayer. And this
independent of any vocal exercise; but, in
such seasons, should instrumental ministra-
tions be required by the greut Head of the
Church, they will tend to the prodt of the
hearers, as they are of His own putting forth
through the operation of the eternal Spirit in
the hearts of those assembled."
These views on the nature of Gospel minis-
try have been so fully recognized by the So-
ciety of Friends from its earliest days, that it
might seem scarcely needful to repeat them
forthe benefit of our own members. But the
writings and the discourses of sojne claimini'
our name, evince so strong a tendency in
these times to depart from the path in which
our forefathers trod, that there is need of line
upon lino and precept upon precept,. Wo
meet with so much that is in some degree
tainted with error, that it gives strength and
encouragement to find a clear testimonj' to
the truth, even in quarters where wo have no
reason to expect anything different.
true openness felt for it, is weakening to the
person indulging in it, and tends to lessen in
the listeners their esteem for religion. Its
effect is somewhat similar to that of sermons
delivered without Divine life and virtue, which
our Society has always testified against as
mere will-worship, and unacceptable to the
Lord.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— It is estimated that the total pro-
duct of the precious metals since the discovery of
America, has been $14,588,623,007, of which gold' has
constituted nearly one half. The product in the six-
teenth century is given at $1,480,628,148, of which gold
has the largest proportion. The estimates show a steady
increase, and in the last seven years the yield has been
$194,481,628.
During the first six months of 1879, 4058 failures
were reported in the United States, against 5825 for the
first SIX months of the previous year. The liabilities
for this year are about $65,000,000, being one half of
those for last year. This is considered an indication of
improvement in the business of the country.
The reports for the fiscal year, received from col-
lectors by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, show
an increase in the revenue. A report from the sixth
North Carolina district, where there has been almost
continuously trouble with illicit distillers, shows that
during the year 405 distilleries have been seized, the
net amount of money recovered to the United States
therefrom being more than $85,000.
The whole number of journalistic publications in the
United States 7th mo. 1st, was 9,153, an increase of 450
since the first of the year. The increase is chiefly in
monthlies and dailies. The suspensions were fewer
than usual.
The steamship Mosel, from Bremen, which arrived
at the New York quarantine recently, brings over 600
steerage passengers. Most of them are Russiai
eluding 60 families with 213 children, and possessing
an aggregate capital of $400,000.
, c • I i- • . ■ . The steamship State of Virginia which sailed fr
A friend from a neighboring State has sent New York on the 10th inst., ffr GCow^^ent astre
us some remarks by Jonathan Dymond, dis during a thick fog on Sable Island on the 12th. Nine
couraging that kind of conversation on re- "'" ''^'^ P/«sengers, four women and five children, were
ligious subjects which is entered unon with- ^''°''"''t '". the surf while landing. The vessel is a
01 which unduly exposes the experiences of port 3,156,157 gallons of petroleum, and .since the fir.s?
the speaker. We have no doubt of the nood|°f 'he year the exports have amounted to 34 837 843
of care on this hand ; yet we hope none will S*"o"^> o"" "early 13,000,000 gallons more than for' the
be influenced thereby to withhold the expres- i'^vXTf'' '''"'T'^'"- , ..
a^d preTs^ibT "utr"^ ^''^''''' '■'' '^« ^'>^. U^l i:>£;T.htdi;^tthrp:s^t-e;^:nrfrr fi^^
and press for utterance. " There is a with- .to ten new cases have been daily reported for several
holding more than is meet, and it tendeth to 'W^ past. The citizens are leaving as rapidly as possi-
poverty ;" and this is the case where, through t,'^' ''"' ^' '* thought at least 10,000 will be unable to
diffidence or fear of man, persons are deterred I 'Th» i, f .:. .i • , • • , ,
from bearing that testiLny to the truth j in Jat^Tntn^lShir,'"^ ^"-^'^"^ *'i^ '^^^'^ ^■^^--
which is called for from then/by their D „
Master. Out of the abundance of the heart
the mouth speaketh ; and where it can truly
be said of any, "His delight is in the law of
the Lord, and in his law doth he meditate day
and night," his conversation as well as his
countenance will " bewray him that he has
been with Jesus." Cowper beautifully ex-
presses the tone of conversation which may
be met with in a truly religious family
" Nor do we madly, like an impious world,
Who deem religion frenzy, and the God '
That made them, an intruder on their joys.
Start at his awful name, or deem his praise
A jarring note. Themes of a graver tone,
Exciting oft our gratitude and love.
While we retrace with memory's pointing wand,
Ihat calls the past to our exact review.
The dangers we have .scaped, the broken snare
The disappointed foe, deliverance found '
Unlooked for, life preserved, and peace restored
Fruits of omnipotent eternal love." '
Yet this is not inconsistent with the advice
of Jonathan JJymond. The practice of con-
versing on religious themes when the mind
is not clothed with proper reverence, and a
, - , . , was 421— a decrease of 3
trom the previous week, and an increase of 63 over the
sarue peiiod last year. Of this number 174 were adults
and 247 children, 167 being under one year of a^e
3far/:ets, &c.~U. S. sixes, 1881, 1051; 5's, regrstered,
103} ; do. coupon, 104J ; 4i per cents, 106J ; 4 per cents.
The markets generally have been rather quiet during
the week, and prices of several of the leading articles
were unsettled and lower.
Cotton.— Sales of middlings at 12} a 12J cts. per lb
for uplands and New Orleans.
Fresh fruits.— Choice hand picked apples, $2.50 a
a.3.50 per barrel ; small and inferior, $1 a 1.1.50. Choice
pears, $1.50 a $2 per crate; common, 50 a 75 cts per
crate. North Carolina peaches, i-2 a $2.25 per f bush,
box. Choice watermelons, $20 a $30 per 100. Cante-
lopes, $3.50 a $4 per barrel.
Petroleum — Crude, 6 cts. in barrels, and refined,
6:^ cts. for export, and 9} a 9J cts. per gallon for home
use.
Grain.— The wheat market unsettled and lower— new
rea and amber, $1.10 a $1.14 ; old do., *1.14 a $1 16
Rye, 60.} cts. Corn, 45 a 50 cts. Oats, mixed, 37 a 38
cts. ; white, 39 a 40 cts.
Flour.— Minnesota extra, low and fancv, at $4.75 a
*o./5 ; Penna. do. do., at #5 a $5.50 ; wes"lern do. do
$5.50 a $5.80, and patent and other high grades, $5.75
*7.75. Rye flour, $3.20 a $3.25.
Hay and Straw.— Prime timothy, 85 a 95 cts. per
100 pounds ; mixed, 60 a 70 cts. ; straw, 70 a 90 cts.
Beef cattle were dull but prices unchanged. E;
5} a 5J cts. ; good, 5 a 5]- cts. ; medium, 4 a 4J cts..
common, 3 a 3| cts. Cows, $20 a $30 per head. SI
3] a 3J cts. per lb., as to condition. Hogs, 5| a 61
per pound.
The commi-ssion appointed by the National Boai
Health of the United States, for the purpose of stud'
yellow fever symptom.s, development and treatmer
Havana, is prosecuting its work there assiduou
Much local interest is manifested, and hopes of bei
cent results are entertained. One hundred and sc
teen deaths from yellow fever are reported in Hav
within a week.
Foreign.- The mercantile failures in England (
ing the first half of 1879, numbered 8,990. During
whole of 1878, they numbered 15,059. The Lon
Times says, that in two chief industries, cotton and i;
there are signs that the suffering has been severe,
both of these the failures for 1878 were more numet
than in 1877, and during 1879 there were a still lai
number. The one favorable sign Ls, that the losses
the past month have been far less than those of previ
months.
The Manchester Guardian says, a return has just b
issued which shows the estimated population of En^l;
to be 25,165,366; that of Scotland 3,627,458 ; Irela
5,363,324. The total net product of the revenue
rived from taxation is, in England £52,192 297 ■ St
land, £7,834,252 ; Ireland, £6,499,353.
A dispatch from Folkestone says : It is stated that
contractors who have undertaken to raise the Gern
iron-clad Grosserkurfurst, have succeeded in plac
87 pontoons iiifide of the vessel, and a shield over I
breach caused by the collision with the Konig Wilhe
and that an attempt will be made to raise the wreck
Advices from South Africa state that an envoy fn
Cetewayo reached Fort Napoleon on the.26th ult., be
ing peace proposals, and a fine tusk of ivory as a
sent. It is also reported that the cattle demandi
Lord Chelmsford have been sent to the British can
Sir Garnet Wolseley immediately sent messengers
the Zulu king, asking that three leading chiefs be st
to the frontier. Hopes are entertained that the
near an end.
The value of the food supplies imported into Frar
during the first half of this year, shows an increase
10,840,000 pounds compared with the same period
A Berlin dispatch states that cholera has made
appearance in the government of Smolensk. Tlie ter
ble epidemic, diphtheria, continues its ravages in Bi
sarabia, where a rescript of the Governor is publish
ordering a universal fumigation of the dwellings ai
clothing of the peasantry. The rescript state.s, the e[
demic has now been raging seven years, carrying to t
grave, in some district-s, almost all of the rising gener
tion.
WESTIOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
Our friends Benjamin W. and Rebecca G. Passmor
having resigned their positions as Superintendent ar
Matron of Westtown BjarJing School, Friends wl
may feel drawn to engage in the important and respoi
sible duties of superintending this Institution, are n
quested to communicate with either of the undersignec
he present Superintendents desire to be released i
4th month next, or earlier.
William P. Townsend, West Chester, Pa.
John S. Comfort, Fallsington, Bucks Co., Pa.
Charles J. Allen, 304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
Elizabeth R. Evan.s, 322 Union St.
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Pa.
Deborah Rhoads, Haddon field, N. J.
FRIENDS' ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE,
Near Frarikjord, (Tmnty -third Ward,) Philadelphi
Physician and Superintendent— John C. Hall, M.I
Applications for the Admission of Patients may b
made to the Superintendent, or to any of the Board (
Managers.
Married, at Friends' Meeting, Rahway, N. J., o
the 3rd of Seventh month, 1879, Reuben Haines t
Germantown, P.i., to Sophia P., daughter of Georgt
Hartshonie, of Locust (iruvc.
Dn.:ii,
Iowa, the
the 76th
Monthly
New Sharon, Mahaska Co.,
ill, 1879, Isaac Sharp, it
nember of Coal Creel
and Pai-lirular .Mr,
WILLIAM II. PILE, PRfNTER^
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, EIGHTH MONTH 2, 187
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
ice, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
in advance $2.50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on those sent by mail.
gM — - Communications to be adiressed to
JOSEPH WALTON,
NO. 150 NORTH NINTH STREET.
Subscriptions .and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
LT NO. 116 .^lORTil FODRTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
life and Adventure in Japan.
BY E. WARREN CLARK.
(ContiBiietl from page 394.)
The most populous part of tiie city is on
(le eastern side of the castle area, near -
ridge from which all distances in Japan are
lid "to be reckoned. A fearful conflai^ration
wept through this district before I arrived
a the city, and destroyed five thou^^and houses
nd hundreds of provincial Yashikis. The
treets were afterwards widened and straight-
, and the district rebuilt in foreign style
—i. e., with sidewalks, gas-lamps, and two-
tory houses, half foreign and half Japanese.
Dhe main street was called the Tori. This is
he Broadway of Tokio ; it runs from the new
ilroad station to the old bridge of Nihon-
ashi. After crossing the bridge, houses of
he Japanese style are seen again.
The street life in Tokio may be studied by
(trolling up and down the Tori ; and I frc-
'juently rambled through this street, to in-
dulge my curiosity in observing the strange
characteristics of the Japanese people. The
cative shops were ranged on both sides of the
street, their fronts being thrown open so that
the passer-by could see all the display of
>wares at once. The shopkeeper squatted
■upon the straw-matted floor, in the midst of
his goods, toasting his fingers over a brazier of
live^oals, and smoking his tiny pipe, which
was refilled at every third puff. If you stop-
ped to purchase any small article, he would
bow politely, and figure up the price on a little
frame with rows of beads running on parallel
wires, like the abacus used in schools. Unless
you were expert in mental arithmetic, he
would calculate faster with his fingers than
you could with your brains. His.result was
always right. .'--•
The most interesting sights in the streets
are the games and sports of the children
The Japanese believe in enjoying themselves,
and the young folks are as bright and merry
as the children of other climes. The girls
play battledore and shuttlecock, and the boys
fly kites and spin tops. The girls enjoy their
game very much, and are usually dressed in
their prettiest robes and bright-colored gir
dies ; their faces are powdered with a little rice
flour, and their lips are tinted crimson, and
their hair is done up in a most extraordinary
fashion.
They play in the open street, sometimes
forming a circle of half a dozen or more, and
sending the flying shuttlecock from one to the
other. They are very skilful, and rarely miss
stroke. The boys like a strong wind that
their kites may soar high ; but the girls sing
a song that it may be calm, so that their
shuttlecocks may go right.
The boys have wonderful kites, made of
tough paper pasted on light bamboo frames,
and decorated with dragons, warriors, and
storm hobgoblins. Across the top of the kite
is stretched a thin ribbon of whaleboty;, which
vibrates in the wind, making a peculiar hum-
ming sound. When I first walked the streets
of Tokio I could not imagine what the strange
noises meant that seemed to proceed from the
sky above me; the sound at times was shrill
and sharp, and then low and musical. At
last I discovered several kites in the air, and
when the breeze freshened the sounds were
greatly increased.
Sometimes the boys pat glue on their kite-
strings, near the top, and dip the strings into
pounded glass. Then they fight with their
tes, which they place in proper positions
id attempt to saw each other's strings with
the pounded glass.
On the fifth day of the Fifth month the
boys have what they call thfe " Feast of Flags."
They celebrate the day very peaceatjly, with
games and toys. They have sets of figures,
representing soldiers, heroes, and celebrated
warriors ; with flags, daimio processions, and
tournaments. Outside of the house a bamboo
pole is erected by the gale, from the top of
which a large paper fish is suspended. This
fish is sometimes si.x feet long, and is hollow.
When there is a breeze it fills with wind, and
its tail and fins flap in the air as though it
were trying to swim away. The fish is in-
tended to show that there are boys in the
family. It is the carp, which is found in Jap-
anese waters, and swims against the stream,
and leaps over water-falls. The boys must
therefore learn from the fish to persevere
against all difficulties, and surmount every
obstacle in life. When hundreds of these
huge fishes are seen swimming in the breeze,
it presents a very curious appearance.
The girls have their " Feast of Dolls" on
the third day of the Third month. During
the week preceding this holiday, the shops of
Tokio are filled with dolls and richly dressed
figures. This " Feast of Dolls" is a great gal
day for the girls. They bring out all their
dolls and gorgeously dressed images, which
are quite numerous in respectable families, hav
ing been kept from one generation to another;
the images range from a few inches to a foot
in height, and represent court nobles and
ladies, °with the Mikado and his household
in full costume. They are all arranged on
shelves, together with many other beautiful
toys, and the girls present offerings of rice,
fruit, and " saki" wine, and mimic all the i-ou-
tine of court life. The shops display large
numbers of these images at this special season;
after the holidays they suddenly disappear.
The greatest |ilay-ground in Tokio appears
to be the garden and cluster of buildings
known as the Temple of Asakusa. The tem-
ple stands near the river, at the further end
of the city. Here the people congregate in
arge numbers for pleasure and worship ; the
Japanese combine religion and amusement,
and their temple grounds are the places of
resort on all festival occasions. There is a
petual holiday at Asakusa. The main
temple is approached by a long avenue, lined
on both sides with booths, stalls, and shops,
n which toys and all manner of things are
sold. The last table is devoted to the sale of
all beans, with which to feed the sacred
doves that throng the eaves of the temple by
hundreds. When I purchased a penny's worth
of beans and threw them on the ground, the
whole feathery tribe of doves descended in a
fluttering cloud, and picked the beans up in
an instant. At another table larger beans are
purchased to feed the sacred white horse.
The horse is very gentle, and stands with due
dignity in his stall, receiving with meekness
all favors conferred upon him. The gods are
said to ride upon this horse, therefore it is a
religious act to feed him ; he is plump and fat,
like the lazy priest who attends him.
Inside the temple, the altars and images
are protected from the birds by wire screens.
There is a small wooden image which has
been rubbed by the people so that its face,
hands, and feet have been literally worn off.
Whosoever touches the image is said to have
his diseases cured by touching the correspond-
ing portion of his own body. It was very
piUable to see the blind, lame, and sickly
cominu' up to this hideous wooden image,
hoping to be cured thereby.
or long ages the Mikado of Japan has had
3-ious reverence paid him by his subjects
as the "Son of Heaven." He sat behind a
screen at his ancient capital Kio-to, and no
one might dare approach him except a few
court nobles. His very existence was shroud-
ed in sacred mystery, and neither his face nor
his form could be seen, but only the volum-
inous folds of his imperial skirts. The mili-
tary chieftain, the Tycoon, managed all the
affairs of state during this time at Yedo.
At last, after the revolution of 1868, the
Mikado came forth from his seclusion and
established his court at Yedo, which there-
upon became Tokio, or Eastern Capital. The
Tycoon retired with his retainers to Shidz-
Since my arrival at the capital I had been
intensely curious to see the Mikado, of whom
I had so long heard. I even planned to gain
access to the emperor's palace, and see the
whole of the imperial court and household,
and in this, before many months, I succeeded.
The lever that I used to pry open the doors
of stiff etiquette and princely exclusion was
the stereopticon !
402
THE FRIEND.
1 first gave soiuo brilliant exhibitions of
]iieturcs at the Naval Collei;-e for Katz, the
Minister of the navy; and aficrwards at the
Kaisei Gakko for Hatakejain;!. Those enter-
tainments were attended by hundreds of offi
cials and students, who of course were wonder
fully pleased with the splendid stcreopticon
pictures of Europe and America.
Soon the fame of the stereopticon reached
the palace, just as I intended it should ! The
empress and ladies of the imperial court were
exceedingly desirous of seeing the beautiful
pictures of western countries. Butof course
the ladies could not leave the palace; so I
sent word politely to the lord chamberlain,
through Ilatakeyama, saying that I would
eonie to the palace and give the empress an
entertainment, and that the Mikado might
come to the exhibition if he saw tit.
The offer was a novel one, as no foreigner
liad ever been admitted to the palace in such
a way befoi'o ; but my proposition was gladly
accepted.
(To Ijo COUtiDUOd.)
A Good Man's Ciiristiaii Experience of the New Birth.
John GriflSth, one of the valiants of his daj^
in the Lamb's army, has, as subjoined, con-
veyed liis experience of that washing of re-
generation and renewing of the Holy Ghost,
without which our Dipine Lawgiver himself
declares, none can see the kingdom of God.
This then is a subject beyond all others of tl
greatest importance to be rightly understood
by us, and practically carried out in a con
sistent godly life and conversation, being that
which alone can lay a sure foundation for
happiness either as respects this life or that
which is to come. Such being the case, how
should good heed be given to the Saviour's
words— "Work ivhile it is day: the night
cometh, when no man can work."
J. Griflith writes: "Having offered a few
bints by way of caution, in order that all into
whose hands this shall come may examine
themselves without partiality, lost the3' fall in
advertently into an irretrievable mistake re-
specting the eternal salvation of their own
souls, I shall now endeavor to set forth, from
mine own experience, a little of the nature of
that new birth, without which none can see
the kingdom of God; consequently are no
true members of his church. It cannot there-
fore be supposed, that a person wholly unre
generate can be properly qualified for the
performance of any religious duty, or oven
the least service in that kingdom, which he
doth not so much as see.
I have, by experience from my childhood
found two spirits or seeds striving in me foi
mastery or rule : I have discovered them to
be irreconcilable enemies one to the othi
and that I could not serve them both at the
same time. I had an understanding given
me, whereby I knew one of those seeds was
a measure of the all-powerful inexhaustible
Source of goodness ; and the other which
had in a manner leavened the whole lump,
was of a wicked and diabolical nature. By-
means of this corrupt leaven, I had a strong
bias to evil of many kinds; nevertheless, 1
often found the good striking at the evil, as
an axe laid to the root thereof, agreeably to
Matt. iii. 10, in order to destroy that which
deprived the Heir of all things of his inherit-
ance. 1 was long in a kind'of suspense, un-
resolved which to join wiXh ; yet saw all de-
pended upon my determination, and that I
had full power of choice. On the one hand,
when theawakening visitations of God's Spirit
were upon mo, it appeared very dreadful to
provoke an Omnipotent Being, of unmerited
kindness and mercy, to cast my soul into
everlasting perdition. On the other hand, es-
pecially when those bles-!ed impressions were
somewhat worn off, it was next to death itself
to 3-ield up all my sensual gratifications, and
to expose myself to the scorn and contempt
of the world. However, in process of time,
the Lord in gracious condescension broke in
upon my soul by his judgments, mixed with
mercy, in such a powerful manner, as that I
was made willing to yield up thereto, come
life or death. For indeed I looked for noth-
ing else at that time, but really expected my
frail body would sink down under the weight
of that unspeakable distress which was upon
mo, and that my sinful soul must be centred
in a state of everlasting misery. Now the
cry was with Saul, afterwards Paul, with
trembling and astonishment, 'Lord! what
wilt thou have me to do?' There was no
holding back, or secret reserve then, but lohat-
ever was called for was given up with all readi-
ness: this being all I could then do. As to
performing religious duties, I had them all to
learn, though I had been trained up from my
infancj- in a strict religious way by godly
parents. Bat the very best outward helps,
and the most consistent set of religious prin-
ciples, only professed, cannot at all enrich the
soul with heavenly grace.
By carefully enquiring as above, I soon
clearly perceived my business was to watch
and pray continually; to commune with mine
own heart, or the Witness of God therein,
that I might receive fresh instruction and
help as I had need. Self-denial, and taking
up the daily cross, was to bo my constant
employ; in the doing whereof I had much in-
ward peace and comfort, and a well grounded
hope that I should thereby find, in the Lord's
time, the body of sin so weakened, as that the
yoke of Christ would become easy, and his
burden light.
Very gross is the deception of those, who
imagine the work of their conversion to bo
nstantaneous work. This can be nothing
less than a delusion of Satan, to settle people
at rest in a state of self-security as soon as he
can. Oh ! what a length of time it takes, to
work out that rebellious, stiff'-necked, back-
sliding nature, which was born in Egypt, be-
fore the new generation is raised up, that is
fit to enter the promised land !
It is very observable that the prophet
Malachi, when ho had instructively set forth
the nature of the new birth, breaks out in the
fourth verso of the third chapter in this wise :
^Then shall the offerings of Judah and Jorusa
1cm be pleasant unto the Lord, as in the days of
old, and as in former years ;' which clearly
implies man's unacceptable state with his
Maker in any religious performances, until he
hath previously known the cleansing and re-
fining operations before mentioned. What
then will become of those who have intruded
themselves in to religious services, and amongst
his faithful followers, not having on the wed-
ding garment! who would pass for his people,
yet cannot find, by examining the state of
their mind respecting religiou, that they have
trod the path of regeneration, nor passed
through the many and varied i)angs of the new
birth."
I'aymcnt of Indian Annuilie.s.
The editor of The Councd Fire, in a rec
visit to the Indian Territory, witnessed (
of the semi-annual payments of annuity
the Delaware Indians located on Lightn:
Creek. He thus describes the mode pursu.
"The payment is a great occasion for
diansas well as white men who are interest
They come prepared to camp until paymi
is all over. Under present regulations ev(
adult, over eighteen, must be present to
ceive his or her money from the hands of i
agent, while heads of families draw for wiv
children and wards. A list of all the me
bors of the tribe entitled to draw is first mi
out upon sheets of paper 18 by 30 inch
called ' the pay-roll.' This list is corrected
the agent and his clerk, assisted by the les
ing men of the tribe. The births are addi
deaths noted, but usage among Indians alio
one payment to be made to the heirs of <
ceased persons, after which their names a
dropped from the pay-roll forever. Thr
men aro selected by the tribe and appoint
by the agent to act as judges and inspectoi
very much as officers of elections am )ng whi
men are selected. Two other witnesses a
ceptable to the Indians, aro appointed by tl
agent, also an interpreter. The witnesses a
generally the chief clerk and interpreter, bot
of whom aro employees of the govern men
Thus there are always pre-ient five persor
besides the paying agent. No traders or co
lectors of public or private debts or asses
ments are permitted to be immediately pn
sent at a payment. The paying agent wit
his funds conveniently arranged, the cler
beside him with the open pay-roll in full vie'
of the judge and interpreter, and the peopl
receiving money being present, the paymon
commences. To illustrate. The name of OIe
Lon-ga-ni-ka, with sax, ago, and family relc
tionship being found upon the roll, the clerl
calls the name and the amount to be paic
The agent asks of the judges, 'Is this Ola
Lon-ga-ni-ka? Is the amount correct? I
there any other claimant for this money 5
These questions being satisfactorily answered
the clerk writes the name, holds the per
towards Ola Lon ga-ni-ka, who touches i
with the index finger of her right hand, th(
clerk makes the mark X over the name, anc
says ' receipted for.' The agent then proceed^
to count the money, laying each bill or coio.l
one at a time, upon an open table, with hisj
hand resting upon the money, he repeats the'
name of the person and the amount due, and
upon the response of the clerk ' correct,' he
again counts the money in the presence of
and asks, ' Is this correct ?' If no objec-
tion is made to the count, he then places w'ith
his own hand, in this instance $46.65, in pos-
session of Ola-Lon-ga-ni-ka, and one per capita
share has been paid. The Delaware maiden
walks proudly away with ten new silver dol-
lars jingling in her apron among the crisp
greenbacks.
" Unfortunately, Ola-Lon-ga-ni-ka has been
buying bright colored goods, in which she
makes a fine display of her taste in dressing,
and the merchant who sold them to her on a
credit is somewhere on the ground holding a
lease, to which Ola-Lon ga-ni-ka has an imi-
tation in a small book, with her name written
n the back. This pass book shows her busi-
ess relations with J. II. Bartles' licensed
trader at Bartlesville, Indian Territory. Each
THE FRIEND.
403
rti niiirhased is itemized, with amount stated.
j-1. !i ^-a-ni-ka has submitted her book to
at ed friends, who found it all correct.
^vs to a cent how much she is in debt,
, I u it will require $38 50 to keep her
IjJit ■c'lod. She has S46.65 in her possession,
there is no statute law to compel her to
one dime, but Ola-Lon-gani ka is an In-
n. She goes directly to the house of Bartles,
I paj's him everj- cent due him. You half
Y the poor maiden when you see her band
, greenbacks and bright silver, until but SS
lain ; but after all she is not to be pitied,
3 is, in common with the people, an heiress.
r credit is good. Ker honorable dealing
ures further credit until next payment
) has had value received for the money
e trader trusted her honor. They lose less
crediting than any traders in America.
'A CoffSyville merchant that has dealt
th the Delaware Indians for five years, ag-
Bgaling 840,000 of business, said to us that
iiad tost but (Wflve dollars in bad debts
ng the Delncire and other Indians in that
, where there was no law for the collec-
of debt against Indian.s, and credit was
e custom and rule."
spoken of the excess of fashion not unknown Monthly Meeting; staid the night before
in our borders— which produces no " hedge," meeting at J. S 's, where I was intormed
presents no sign, has no suitability, or real that J., (who is an elder) his wife and son
attractiveness, and is certainly to be justified attended a meeiing of the Universalists which
Sources of Spiritual Weakness.
The great cause of the declen.sion referred to,
n the attendance of meetings], is the love of
ie world. This is sufficient to account fo
most all, other and minor errors often being
iducible at last to this. How does it affect
IV Meetings for Worship! By rendering
10 spirit in a few so earthly that it has
jlish for spiritual things, tires under silence,
-aits with "itching ears," will bear only
attering and popular ministiy, knows noth-
ig of a deep experience, and cannot join in
be fellowship that there is in Christ. This
J the plain truth, and we must know it if it
J to be removed. Coming in such a state to
p-orship the Lord, the spirit finds it hard to
enire on a present God — to feel his power to
irise within, and to know a willingness to do
ind suffer the perfect will of Him on whom
iach is to wait as his minister, and from
whom the ministry of any is to flow. Living
:n the spirit of the world to a greater or less
sxtcnt during tho week, the heart finds it very
bard to forget it now ; it needs a change of
nature and of aim, it must needs be the same
in the meeting-house as in the office— it can-
not put on a heavenly frame on one day and
indulge a worldly one on the rest. Thus a
meeting will be deadened as far as the in-
'fluencc of these spirits is felt, and even faith-
attractiveness, and is certainly to be justi
only upon worldly grounds.
Among other reasons for such lack of life
or power as is observed, is also this : want
of confidence in our principles — i. e. in spirit-
ual religion, which includes spiritual wor-
ship, ministry, life, sacraments and knowl-
edge of Christ. This is not now confined to
younger Friends — sometimes they are among
the inost earnest for the truths we hold. It
is spreading fast among all ages amongst
us, leading to a latitudinarian, compromi
admission of any work or worker who has
the least reverence for the Lord, and, of
course, cutting short our distinctive testimony
amongst those professors with whom we
mingle. Instead of holding up to these the
standard given us to display as different and
as feeling bound to assert our spiritual views
for the common good, we are now found
working with these and in their methods in
the prosecution of philanthropic and ofien
political ends. Many are content to keep
our principles perpetually out of sight, being
slow to own their profession, seeing no dif-
ference between themselves and others, and
acting as though ashamed of the history that
has been reverenced, the ancestry that has
been blest, the literature that has been un
answered by the world. — British Friend.
For TUe Friend "
Extracts from the Diary and letters of Ebenezer WorUi.
(Continaed from page 39.5.)
Tunessassa, 11th mo. 18tb, 1848.
Dear friend Jos. Elkinton,— I received thy
letter on Second-day last; the kind and good
feelings expressed rendered it truly accept-
able, although it did not contain the informa-
tion I much desired and was expecting: that
a family of Friends was coining out to take
the farm and soon take charge of the whole
concern. I hope if my anxiety for that is too
strong, a kind and merciful Master who knows
my weakness and many trials, may forgive
me, and preserve me in patience in my proper
place* to finish the work which He may see
meet to require of mo, and may it be done in
the way and time that will be most pleasing
to Him ; if so, all will be well. I think I feel
a little liberty to tell thee how I have been
getting along for a few weeks past. 1 have,
1 think, been favored to feel a renewed con-
cern for, and a strong interest in the spiritual
and temporal welfare of my red brethren and
fuTministers may be not a little affected and sisters. They truly feel hear to me in Chris-
hTndcred by them. Thus, too, so many come tian love. I think the dear Maste.-^ m un-
■ merited mercy, has answered in a good degree
the craving desires of my heart, and has
hindered by , ■ • i ■
to meeting and yet derive no good; it is their
own fault^and due to their own state— unfit
or unwilling to receive what may be known
The love of the world may be divided roughly
so as to include the two spoils, the introduc-
tion of which into the camp, though they were
concealed, led to the failure of the Israelites
before a small enemy in the land of rest. It
comprises the golden wedge and the Baby-
lonish garment. If the love of money is the
root of all evils, and is in any degree known
in our Society, it must cause some of those
signs of weakness which, with all the evidences
of life it presents, we must recognize not only
in candor but in duty. And, as to the gar-
ment, whatever may be said of an extreme of
"peculiarity," much more should in justice be
opened a way where there seemed for a time
to be no way. I now feel liberty to ap-
proach them in Christian love, and (have)
language to express my feelings. Dear friend,
I think thou wilt not think strange of me to
say, when all feel pure love to God, it seems
to beget within us love to our fellow creatures
of so^pure and perfect a character, that the
partial feelings existing between children of
the same earthly parent seem almost lost in
that which is so much better. * * *
Please do not forget to write soon. I feelfor
our Society in its much tried situation.
Bbenezee Worth.
Diary resumed.
1848. 9th mo. 28th. Attended Collins
was held before the interment of a young
woman, one of their neighbors. I spoke to
the old woman and to A. S., of the had influ-
ence of such (an) example, giving countenance
to such meetings, where unsound doctrine
was preached ; that it might be the cause of
stumbling to some of the young and rising
•reneralion. I returned to Tunessassa the
nest day, pretty comfortable in mind.
10th mo. 5lh. Went to Horse Shoe Bend.
I felt much tried in relation to their school,
they had got dissatisfied with their teacher;
I could not hear of any suitable person to
take his place, and know not where to find
one. When I went to the school-house he
was not at home. Left my. horse at George
Titus' and went up as far as Isaac Halftown's,
he had gone from homo ; on my return found
the teacher had got home ; procured hay and
corn for my poney, put it in old stable, and
put up for the night. Nest morning, before
breakfast, I visited George Titus; talked with
him on the subject of religion in relation to
our Saviour; I thought the opportunity was
a favored one. After breakfast I went to
Isaac Halftown's, from there to Samuel Ma-
ple's, where I found a little child, perhaps
about a year old, lying a corpse, it was cleanly
dressed, well laid out, and looked innocent
and pretty. From there I wjnt to Geo. Kill-
burn's, found his son quite low; talked some
with George ; he spoke of a desire he felt (or
perhaps prayer offered) day and night, that
the Lord might help his son and make him
well. On my way home called to see Sally
Dowdey, who is quite sick ; has been on the
decline for near a year. She seemed sober
and thoughtful of her situation— poor woman,
1 felt much sympathy for her.
7th of the month. Before breakfast I was
taken with rheumatism in the back ; having
promised to visit the Cornplanter reserva-
tion on this day, I prepared to go. I started
and went down to Old town ; not being able
to get an interpreter, I visited Jos. Pierce's,
who I understood had been indulging a good
deal in the use of ardent spirits; from there
I went to John Boan's, where I had a satis-
factory opportunity of expressing my feelings
to him and his family. On my return, feeling
a concern of mind for Abel Pierce and wife,
I thought it would be right for me to visit
them. ' When I came near his house, I found
him talking with a white man. I halted a
little while, and the man not making any
move to leave, I started towards home ; but
not feeling easy, I stopped at Benj. Pierce's,
stayed a little while and then went back.
The man had left. Abel and his wife were
digo-ing potatoes. I talked a little while with
Abel and told him I wished to speak to them
on the subject of religion, if it would be agree-
able; he said he was willing, and that wo had
better go into the house— we went in. My
mind was, I trust, clothed with religious feel-
ings, and I was favored with language to ex-
press it, and left relieved and comforted ; had
also a comfortable opportunity with King
Fierce. In the evening I felt a desire that
my Divine Master may so open and prepare
the way for me, that I might finish the work
that He is pleased to require of me in the way
that would be pleasing to Him, and in the
right time.
404
THE FRIEND.
1st mo. 28th. Have been fiivored with com-
posure, and a good degree of resignation, I
hope. Oh! for more ability to say in truth,
" Thy will be done;" that it was more fully
and constantly the breathing of my spirit, for
the Lord is forever worthy and a good re-
warder of those who serve Him.
For "The Friend."
Prison Pliilnnlliropy.
In the Eeport to "The Philadelphia Society
for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons,"
made by its agent employed at the Eastern
Penitentiary, there is a touching testimony
to the benevolence and usefulness of the late
Thomas H. Powers of this ciiy.
A large part of the duties of this Agent
consists in aiding the convicts whose terra of
imprisonment has expired, in procuring em-
ployment in some honest avocation, in assist-
ing tho.se who come from a distance in re-
turning to their homes and families, and in
providing them with suitable clothing. The
following paragraphs are taken from ihe Ee-
port : —
"The total number of prisoners discharged
during the year was four hundred and thirty-
six. Total number leaving the city immedi-
ately upon their discharge, was two hundred
and sixty-six, and of those remaining in the
city, there was one hundred and seventy. Of
those leaving the city I accompanied sixty-
nine to the various railroad depots, procured
their tickets and saw them i^afely started on
their way to homo and friends. Those leav-
ing tlie city whom 1 did not see off, advised
me of their desire to leave the Penitentiary
unattended, as they were sufficiently well
acquainted with the city to take care of them-
selves.
" To the total number of prisoners discharged,
I furnished fourteen hundred and seventy-one
pieces of clothing, one hundred and thirtj'-one
hats, and one hundred and forty-eight pairs
of shoes, this latter including some "few pairs
which onlj- required mending."
my visitations among the prisoners I
have endeavored, lo the best of my abilities,
to give them good Christian counsel as regards
their future course of life ; and, from the many
letters that I have received, and from personal
observation, I am led to believe that the seed
sown in weakness has not been in vain. I
have also been the recipient of many letters
from the discharged prisoners, expressive of
their thanks and kindly feelings for atten-
tions shown them in preparing them for their
discharge, and also for looking after their in-
terests afterwards by endeavoring to secure
them situations and comfortable homes."
"In closing this Report I cannot refrain
from adding a few lines as a tribute of love
and respect for the late Thomas H. Powers,
who from my own personal knowledge and
contact, has been a noble, unostentatious and
untiring devotee to the great mass of suffer-
ing humanity,and especially with those whose
misfortune it has been to become inmates of
our Penitentiary. Of his love for the souls
of men, and their worldly advancement, I can
most assuredly attest.
"I have in hundreds of instances, through
his noble generosity, made many a prisoner's
heart to rejoice, by furnishing the funds neces-
sary to admit of their leaving the city to find
homes in other places where their unfortunate
record was not known.
"Men who have proven their desire to reform
have been, out of his abundance, started in i
small business. Homes have been furnished,
additional fuel and clothing given, and all of
this through my own hands, as it has been my
greai pleasure for the past twelve years to
thus attend to the wants of many hundreds,
and dispense the money to them which has
been so generously and unselfishly furnished
me by T. H. Powers for that purpose."
Does not this remind the reader of the bless
ing pronounced by our Saviour on those who
fed the hungry, clothed the naked, and looked
after those who were in prison ? J.
Original.
HARVEST HYMN.
Almighty God ! from out whose hand,
Our blessings, countless as the sand
Upon the ocean's sounding shore.
Fall round our pathway evermore;
Let songs of praise our lips employ,
For all Thy gifts which we enjoy.
These glorious .summer days have brought
Another harvest, richly fraught
With all the stores a fertile soil
Yields in reward for honest toil ;
Till ripening fruit and golden grain.
Crown sunny slope and smiling plain.
Teach us, O Father ! more to see.
How all our blessings come from Thee ;
How wealth and plenty o'er the land
Are mercies from Thy open hand ;
How all the "circle of events,"
Is governed by Thy Providence.
The teeming earth is Thine we see,
And all its fullness springs from Thee;
Beneath Thy care the season yields
Its seedtimes and its harvest fields :
And bleating flocks, and lowing kine-
The herds on all the hills are Thine.
For all Thy blessings. Holy One !
We thank thee ; and for time to come
Invoke Thy guardianship Divine,
Until the world's great harvest-time ;
Then may we, free from tares of sin.
As golden sheaves be gathered in.
THY WILL BE DONE.
We see not, know not. All the way
Is night. With Thee alone is day.
From out the torrent's troubled drift,
Above the storm — one prayer we lift —
Thy will be done !
The flesh may Alii, the heart may faint,
But who are we to make complaint,
Or dare to plead in times like these,
Tlie weakness of our love of ease ?
Thy will be done !
We take with solemn thankfulne.ss
Our burden up, nor ask it le.ss ;
And count it joy that even we
M.ay suffer, serve, or wait for Thee.
Thy will be done !
Though dim, as yet, in tint and line,
We trace Thy picture's wise design,
And thank Thee that our age supplies
Its dark relief of sacrifice —
Thy will be done !
And if, in our unworthiness,
Thy sacrificial wine we press ;
If from Thy ordeal's heated bars
Our feet are .seamed with heated scars,
Thy will be done!
Strike, Thou, the Ma.ster, we Thy keys.
The anthem of the destinies !
, The minor of the loftier strain.
Our hearts shall breathe the old refrain :
Thy will be done!
—John G. Whillier.
Watch yc, stand fast in the faith.
For "The Frion
Free Ministry.
In these days men make their own mir
ters, who make merchandise of the precic
Gospel of our Saviour, and preach to suit th
hearers, notwithstanding the Scriptures pla
ly declare against such. Such ministers f
low neither the example nor the precepts
the great Author of Christianity. For be
He and those whom He ordained, went abc
preaching //-erfi/ the Gospel of Light and Li
and turning the people from darkness to lig
and from the power of Satan unto God.
This was his direction to those faithful on
whom He raised up to be ministers of 1
Word, — 'Freely ye have received, freely give
and in time past when He commanded fait
ful servants to go forth to preach his Gosp
He enjoined them to make no provision f
their journeys, for there would be those amoi
whom they would come who would care f
them. "The workman is worthy of his meat
And though faithful ministers of our de
Master have received money, it was not f
preaching ; but it was because Ho whom tho
served, knew their necessities, and put it in
these men's hearts to minister to their earth,
wants. W. B. K.
7th rao. 8th, 1879.
Troy and Mesopotamia. — Favored hy tl
authorities at Constantinople, Dr. Sehlieman
is again busily excavating at Troy; and -
Eassam has permission to dig anywhere i
Mesopotamia. With such a comprehensiv
grant, districts will be opened that have nc
hitherto been searched, and we shall hear e
fresh discoveries at Nineveh, of exploration
in the long hidden ancient city of Assur, an
endeavors to find the famous royal " recor
office," or "Babylonian Bank," as some As
syriologists call it, in which were stored ;
large collection of mercantile tablets, re]3re
senting the monetary transactions of a fiin
trading in the name of Egibi & Sons. It i
curious lo have bills for corn and fruits an(
woven goods, and invoices and vouchers fron
the days of Nabupolassar and Artaxerxes it
the form of baked clay; but they are to b(
seen at the British Museum. The Arabs ane
Jews from whom they were obtained hav(
kept the .secret so well that the place in whict
they were dLseovered is not yet known te
Europeans.
Kutha, now a group of great mounds, was
the sacred university city of Babylonia, and
had an extensive librarj^ which is frequently
referred to in mythological tablets discovered
in other parts of the kingdom. It was from
that storehouse of learning that the tablets
giving an account of the creation were origi-
nal ly taken ; and it is hoped that discoveries of
other documents not less interesting will therO'
bo made.
In the mound of Nebbi-Yunis, search will
be made for the palace of Sennacherib, in the
expectation that some records of the latter
years of that monarch may be found, "and
possibly some accounts, however meagre, of
the second campaign against Hezekiah."
But besides all this, — Eassam will make
explorations in the country of that ancient
people, often mentioned in Scripture — the
Hiltitcs. The existence of mounds along the
bank of the Euphrates has long been known;
and under a certain group known as the
mounds of Jerabolus, it is supposed that Car-
chemish, the Hittitc capital, lies hidden. In-
THE FRIEND.
405
ipiions in an unknown character were found
that neighborhood a few years ago; and it
lOped that some key thereto may be met
;h in the course of the excavations now to
undertaken, and furnish to scholars the
k wanting to connect Assyria with Western
ia. As the firman granted to — Eassam
tends over a number of years, we may trust
it the iutereHing enterpriae will be carried
a successful iaaue.— Chamber' s Journal.
" For Tlie Fi
'Historic Parallel, or Gcorse Fox and Martin Lutiier
j as Reformers.
BY CYRUS W. HARVEY.
(Concluded from page 39S.)
"Others had talked about the work of the
oly Spirit in personal redemption, but where
look for it, and how to find it, was made
ain by this teaching of George Fox ; by this
aching, the walk by faiih is a walk in the
lirit, wherein wo do not gaze into darkness,
It do indeed have the ' light of life.'
" On page 379 Fox says : ' / affirmed and
■oyedthalBalaarabad the Spirit of God, that
icked men have the Spirit of God, else how
,uld they quench it, vex it, grieve it, and
isist the Holy Ghost, like the stiff necked
jws. Wicked men were enlightened by this
^ht else how could they hate it. llisexpress-
'said, they did hate it, and the reason given
by was because their deeds were evil, and
ley would not come to it because it reproved,
ad that must needs be in them which reproved
lem. So the icicked world had it to reprove
lem, and the true disciple and learner of
hrist that believed in the light as Christ
ommauds, had it to lead them.' Ninety-five
mes in George Fox's Journal, this doctrine
I as clearly affirmed as in the foregoing quo-
itions. Twenty-five times he direct-} tliose
rhom he variously named as liars, drunkards,
liieves, followers of filthy pleasures, child ot
he devil, corrupt magistrates, scoffers and
corners, wicked men, and wicked world, to
hat of God in them, in their hearts, or in their
onsciencos.' Again on pagJ 253 of his Jour-
lal Fox says: 'Great opposition did the
»riests and professors make about this time.
,0 be universally given. Wherefore, he say
le was moved of the Lord to give forth the
bllowing lines.' Here follow five pages ot
scripture arguments, to prove the doctrine
ivhich he says was opposed.
" Kobert Barclay devotes two propositions
jr nearly eighty pages in the Apology, to tht
proof of this doctrine, from which I quote the
following: 'That God hath given to every
man, whether Jew or Gentile, Turk or Scy
thian, Indian or Barbarian, of whatsoever na
tion country or place, a certain day or time of
visitation. That for this end, God hath com-
municated and given unto every man a mea-
sure of the light of his own Son, a measure
of grace, or a measure of the Spirit which the
Scripture expresses by several names, as some-
times of the seed of the kingdom, the Light
that makes manifest, the Word of God, or
manifestation of the Spirit given to profit
withal, a talent, a little leaven, the gospel
preached in every creature.' Apol. Pro. vi.,
sec. xi. By this seed, grace, and word of God,
and light, we understand a spiritual, heavenly
and invisible principle, in which God, as
Father, Son and Spirit, dwells ; a measure ot
which divine and glorious life in all men, as
„..d inclines to God, and this, some call vnhi-
culum Dei, or the spiritual body of Christ, the
flesh and blood of Christ which came down
from heaven, of which all the saints do feed
and are thereby nourished unto eternal life.
Apol. Prop, vi., sec. xiii. In this respect, then,
as ho is in the seed which is in all men, we
have said, Christ is in all men, and have
preached and directed all men to Christ in
them. Sec. xv. This doctrine, if well weighed,
will be found to be the foundation of Cliris
tianity, salvation and assurance. Sec. xi.
William Penn says, ' That which the people
called Quakers, lay down as a main funda-
mental in religion, is this, That God through
Christ, hath placed his Spirit in every man,
to inform him of his duty, and to enable him
to do it. This is their ancient, first and stand-
ing testimony, with this they began, and this
they bore and do bear to the world. They call
it the Light of Christ within or " light within,''
which is their ancient and most general and
/,(m(7iar phrase.' Friends' Lib. vol. v. p. 2 60--
261. Similar extracts from the writings ot
early Friends, might be increased to thou-
sands, indeed" it is well known by all who are
familiar with them, that the whole body of
their writings is in unity with the foregoing
quotations from Fox, Penn, and Barclay."
For "The Friend."
A Sailor's Convinecment.
The writer feels somewhat constrained to
leave an account of an interview be had, in
the year 1843, with Michael Robson, an elder
of "ood repute, at his residence Hartland,
Nia^'ara Co., N. Y., and as it left a savor
which remains fresh at this time, it may bo
of service to others to adhere to the ancient
plainness and integrity of our earlier Friends.
[ being a stranger, an immigrant, seeking a
place of settlement in this country, had been
recommended to call on this Friend ; and after
an evening of social converse, which soemo 1
to cement our hearts in the union and fellow-
ship of Christ, I had retired. He came very
early to my room, saying, he could not sleep,
believing it required of him to inform me how
was convinced and became a Friend. He
then said: Ho was a wicked sailor boy, and
had persuaded himself that religion had been
established to keep people in subjection to the
powers that be, and was very strongly in-
clined to infidelity. The vessel had put in
the port of Scarboro, England, and as he was
sauntering about the streets, some plain-
dressed Friends appeared, going to meeting
Their plainness and demeanor struck him so
forcibly, that it occurred to him, whit if re-
\Unon should be true,— I would like to know
nfore about this people. He followed them
then ventured to look in the meeting; some
one beckoned him to a seat. The appearance,
solemnity and silence, deeply affected him.
When the meeting ended, he felt a desire
to bo good, and concluded ho would try to
know more ; but the enemy suggested, it may
be only form— he would like to know whether
they were really what they appeared to be
In order to try them, he soon found some of
their shops (or stores), bought some trifles,
laid down more money than the real cost, to
see if they would take it; but no— the money
was returned, — now he was more convinced
attended meeting, and so it happened the
wind still contrary, which continued tor three
weeks ; at the end of which time he concluded
to go to sea no more, but remained on shore,
learned gardening, and became acquainted
with nursery business. After a suitable time
he was admitted to membership, afterwards
married one in Society, finally emigrated to
this country and settled as above, and was a
steadfast pillar in the Society, and deceased
in the year 1853, at the advanced ago of 93.
The wheat is solid and weighty, but the
chaff bloweth away; may the Lord incline the
hearts of the children to the fathers, that they
may grow up a seed to servo Him, and to be
waymarks to others.
Millville, Orleans Co., N. Y.,
18th of 7th mo. 1879.
s. c.
Additional Advices.
Parents and Children.— Gve&t is the respon-
sibility resting on parents, and others having
the direction of children ; and strong are the
;laims made upon them, not only by parental
,ove, but by the duty they owe to Him whose
herit.age children are, to labor patiently and
fervcntlv to bring them up in the nurture and
admonition of the Lord, seeing they stand as
deleo-ated shepherds, who must give account
for tlie lambs entrusted to their keeping. We
would, therefore, affectionately, but earnestly,
press upon the consideration of all occupying
these stations, the necessity of being willing
to make such sacrifices as may be needful to
secure to their offspring competent school in-
struction ; and to seek daily for ability to
check, in a right spirit, the early budding of
their corrupt nature ; to accustom thom to a
proper restraint of their youthful desires and
will ; and gently to lead them into an acquaint-
ance with and submission to the voice of their
Saviour, in the secret of theirsoul, that so they
may be induced to take his yoke upon them,
and, by learning of Him, bo prepared to enlist
in his service, and receive the inestimable re-
ward of his peace. As this concern is main-
tained, and the counsel and government en-
forced in meekness and love, and by a daily
walk of the parent consistent with the precepts
ho is socking to instil into the mind of his
child we believe the blessingof the Most High
will not be ;withheld, and a well-grounded
hope may be entertained that he will see of
the travail of his soul and be satis^"'' -i*"^ '
isficd. — 1865.'
Religious Items, &c.
Friends' Meeting at SmJose, California.— A
letter from San Jose says : "Our little meet-
inf here is preserved in a good degree ot
aiicient order and consistency, although, as m
most places now. we have many delinquencies.
Yet I trust we are owned of the great Head
of the church, and some are endeavoring in a
good measure not to dishonor Him."
The term " Saints." All who are born ot
God are saints. We see, therefore, how ab-
surd it is to apply tho term to a few, as it
thoy had a monopoly of saintship. Romanists
prefix the term saint to the name of every
Apostle, and they also say Saint Cyprian,
Saint Jerome, Saint Augustine, Saint Patrick,
Saint Louis, Saint Sebastian, Saint Mary,
Saint Cecilia, &c., &c. Who does not see that
application of the word is a virtual
a seed, which ot its
406
THE FRIEND.
hood. It is throwing numberless myriads of
the redeemed out of the realm of saiiUship,
Beligion in our Large Cities.— U we judge
of the religious character of a people by the
proportion who attend at places of Divine
worship, the condition of some of our large
cities is greatly to be lamented. In New York
with a population of 1,100,000, of whom 922,-
000 are estimated to be Protestant, or rather
non-Catholic, not more than about 90,000 will
be found at the Protestant places of worship
on a First-day morning, even in fine weather.
This low state of things is probably partially
duo to the large proportion of foreigners ro-
siding in that city, of whom many make no
profession of religion.
^ A Plain Garb.— Tlie Primitive Christian, (a
Gorman Baptist paper), copies a commenda-
tory notice of the Society of Friends from the
Interior, in which is the following sentence—
"We trust that they will maintain their dis-
tinctive plainness of garb, speech, behavior,
and that which has ever been thoirchief honor."
It then makes the following comments — "And
why did the journal, in noticing the Friend-i,
intimate that it is desirable that they ' main-
tain their distinctive plainness of garb?' The
remark of the Interior is suggestive. Was it
because the Friends' plainness of garb has
something in it to commend it to the approval
of the journalist, thinking that such a garb is
more in harmony with Christian character,
than an indulgence in the change^ible fashions
and the useless and extravagant ornaments of
the dress of the people of the world is? Or
was it because the journalist desired to see
consistency, and knowing that the Friends
])rofess to be a plain people, he would have
them to be consistent, knowing that incon-
sistency detracts greatly from moral influence?
Whether one of these reasons, or bath of them
prompted tlie remarks relative to the Friends'
plainness of garb, they are worthy of our con
sideration, as our Fraternity, as well as the
Frjonds, professes to be a plain people.
encouragement to know that
Siam has issued a written command to the
international Judge to make a proclamati'>"
intelligent and observing men approve of the
principles of plainness exhibited in the plain
garb adopted by the Friends, our own" Fra-
ternity, and some other denominations. A
plain and modest garb has much in it to com-
mend it, and those who wear such a garb
need not be ashamed of it. Again, the plain
garb is usually, as it is in the article we have
quoted from the /fttovor, associated with high
moral character, and may it ever in truth
and justice be so associated, and not used as
a help to deception or as a covering to a false
character."
Wa
-Tho long established habit of nations
frilling on one another with fire and sword,
and sbedding the blood of thousands for any
cause, or for no cause, has taken off restraint
and banished regard for human life, and revor'
ence for Divine authority, from the groat body
of mankind.
Sometimes the Lord puts his servant aside
to teach him that He can do with or without
him, and his servant becomes like "a bottle
in the smoke," shriveled and useless.
The Nashville Christian Advocate says : "Tho
lottery is doomed in these United States. The
drift of public sentiment is unmistakable. It is
soon to be numbered with exploded swindles.
iNo array of once respectable names will o-ive
It respectability or save it from the blistorino-
condemnation of honest peopl
to the inhabitants of Chieng Mai, Lakore, and
Lapoon, that every man should be allowed,
without molestation from any one, to wor-
ship God according to the dictates of his own
conscience. Those whoembracod Christianity
wore not to be forced to worship spirits or to
work on the First day of tho week, except in
cases of emergency, such as war and tho like,
Bible Distribution.— Vr'mas Galitzin, a young
Russian nobleman, proposes to build thirty
Bible kiosks and to fit up seven Bible carriaij-e's.
He intends to travel forseven monthsin Russia
with — Clough, of Paris, whom he has en-
gaged to have charge of those carriages, and
says: "Since Christ laid down his precious
life for mj, I will give my whole life, and
time, and fortune to his service."
Beer Statistics.— Tho National Brewers' As-
sociation, which recently met in «t. Louis
presented some statistics of the enormous
production and consumption of beer in this
country, which will be of great interest to
temperance workers, and will doubtless cause
many of them to open their eyes" in astonish-
ment and alarm. During the'fiscal year end-
ing 6th mo. SOth, 1878, as shown by the sales
of internal revenue stamps, 9,473,3(51 barrels
of beer were produced.
At five cents per glass this "National drink"
costs the people $199,467,220. Does any one
wonder at the building up of magnificent
breweries and the increasing poverty of the
working people, who are tho chief consumers
of this vile drink ? The beer returns for the
first nine months of the present fiscal year
show an increase over the same period of
1878 of 409,929 barrels, and the brewers
estimate that the production of 1879 will not
fall short of 10,000,000 barrels ! The crovern-
mcnt receives a tax of $1 per barrel. ^
A Sensational Sermon. — The Portuguese in
tho little village of Sediellos are accustomed
to have a yearly revival sermon on the Passion
preached to them by Father Costa, who has
had recourse each season to different experi-
ments for impressing his hearers' consciences.
This year he surpassed himself. He had con-
trived eccentric wooden balls to roll down the
aisles and on the ceiling, concealed perforated
water-pipes about the church, and behind the
=y
Fine Meeting-houses.— De. Wayland saiiij
few years ago, that if the rage for fine churc k
went on as in the past, in fifty years ,p
whole land would become idolatrous; chuiL
members would worship their edifices a|i
their smooth-tongued preachers; and outsid.ls
would worship their farms, their gold aM
silver; and tho whole land would becoi[l
idolatrous. fj
Wo ask, how far from this time are wo -li
Tlie Eirnest Christian. (i
high altar laid up a stock of powder, resin
and sulphur. At the end of his sermon, when
ho had worked himself and his hearers up to
almost a frenzied excitement, he shrieked,
"And now the world ends!" on which signal
tho apparatus designed to terrify the assem-
bly was set to work. The thunder rumbled
tho mimic rain drenched the faithful, the
rosm, powder and sulphur flashed and smoked
filling the church with Stygian fumes, and a
perfect panic seized the congregation, who
■ushcd pell-mell to the doors, beli'ovino- them-
selves \oiL —Exchange. °
It is stated that the Baptist Church mem-
bership in Great Britain, in the last twenty-
five years, has increased from 85,200 to 276,-
Father Hyacinthe has now gathered six
hundred subscribing adherents to his new
church in Paris.
The Episcopal Diocese of Virginia, after an
exciting debate, approved Bishop Whipple's
circular against the decoration of places of
vvorship. This action banishes flowers and
JMigious Liberty in- Sia^-Tko King o^t^^l^t' ^"^ ''" ^'^'^^"''^^ ^''"'■'"^ '"
Natural Ilistoiy, Seienci!, &c. \\
Tropical Witer-Snjbes.-Lyin^ in Maniiji
Bay, It was not unusual to see water-snaki
(Hydridaj,) swimming on tho surface of t I
water. This family of sea-serpents is for ti P
most part distributed in the Indian aoii\
though some are found about Australia at j
tho American coast, and rarely in the Pacifilj
[ noticed them hero, and in crossing tl^
China Sea, as well as about the coasts Ji
Borneo and Johore. The usual appearan.f
of these snakes is more or less variegated d
striped with transver.se black and yellow bal
— though some are of a more uniform daif
or ; and thoy are generally about two feci
or two feet six inches long. In calm weath I
they may often bo seen lying lazily upon tH
water apparently asleep, and basking in tljl
sun ; and they will remain undisturbed whi
tho whole ship's length passes within a fathoiji
of them; but sometimes, taking alarm, the}
will flounder about for a moment, and thoii
dive down out of sight. When thus surprised
It IS not difficult to take them in a net, fc
they turn over before diving — it is supposec
to expel the air, without which operation tho
cannot sink. But if taken, they must b1
handled with caution, for they are nearly al
venomous, and are often much dreaded— am]
not without cause — since the}' have an un;
pleasant habit of crawling up the chains and
through the hawse-holes, and thus getting oi!
board ship, where they are anything but Vol
come visitors. They will creep about thi
deck — and, although I do not know an in
stance of any one having been bitten by them-
I have known them cause considerable alarm
by getting down into the cabin, and there mak
ing their presence first known by twiningrounc
the leg of its occupant. The sea sudkes, in
nearly all species, have flattened compressed
tails, which enable them to swim with great
facility — tho compression often including
considerable portion of the body. Their eyes
are usually small, and the nostrils operculated
or valvular. Among other Hydridw takeaj
in Manilla Bay, I obtained some specimens
of Chersydrus granulatus— a non-venomous
species, which indeed difl'ers from others of'
this family in being an inhabitant of rivers,,
from which they are occasionally drifted out'
to sea. Sharks also are not uncommon in the
bay; and either sharks or venomous serpents
were alone sufficient to deter us from taking
a delightful bath, which otherwise we should
much have enjoyed in this warm place.-
Collingwood's Rambles of a Naturalist.
A Mule's Intelligence.~P ror. Niphcr, of
Washington University, St. Louis, says:'" A
friend of mine, living at Iowa City, had
mule, whoso ingenuity in getting into mischief
was more than ordinarily remarkable. This
animal had a great liking for tho company of
an oat-bin, and lost no opportunity when the
yard gate and barn-door wore open, to secure
a mouthful of oats. Finally, the mule was
THE FRIEND.
407
ind in the barn in the morning, and for a
g time it was impossible to discover how
had come there. This went on for some
ne, until the animal was 'caught in the act.'
was found he had learned how to open the
te, reaching over the fence to lift the latch,
d then he effectually mystified his master,
•turning round and backing against it until
was latched. Ho then proceeded to the
,rn door, and pulling out the pin which held
e door, it swung open of its own accord.
From the intelligence which this animal
splayed on many occasions, I am of opinion
lat had not the discovery of his trick pi-e-
jnted, it would soon have occurred to him
I retrace his steps before day-light, in order
1 avoid the clubbing which the stable boys
ive him in the morning. — Nature.
The Dinger in Kerosene Oil.— It is simply
be set down to good fortune [or the pre-
•ving care of Providence], if one who has
nployed ths light oils for household pur-
asos has escaped injurj^, since no amount of
ire can avail against the inevitable result
ich must follow one accident. It is easy
) understand how persons ignorant of the
ighly dangerous character of the light petro-
)ums may unknowingly make use of them
1 the manner above named ; but it is really
matter of concern and surprise that so many,
7Qn of those who are thoroughly aware of
he nature of the incendiary they are intro
ueing into their households, are, neverthe
388, thoughtless or indifferent enough to con-
inue the suicidal practice — for no term can
too strong to properly characterize the
earliil nature of the risk one is constantly
unning while employing these oils in the
lousehold.
There is one simple, and, for practical pur-
Doses, satisfactory method of determining the
haractcr of all such mixtures, and which
.pplies equally as well to the common oils,
jet a few drops be poured into a saucer and
ipply a match ; if the material burns, reject
.t as unsafe. The fact that the material can
be set on fire at the ordiuary temperature of
Dur dwellings should be sufficient evidence to
'a person of ordinary intelligence that, when
[employed in the household, it may, at the
ifirst thoughtless or careless act, become the
Icause of a frightful accident.
Now for the reason why these dangerous
oils find their way into the market in defiance
of legal prohibition :
The crude petroleum, as it comes from the
wells, is not a simple substance, but consists
of a mixture of a number of oils. The opera-
tion of refining the crude product consists
essentially in subjecting it to a system of
distillation, whereby it is separated into some
six or seven products, to which the commer-
cial names of rhigolene, gasoline, naphtha,
benzine, kerosene, etc., are attached.
The benzine or naptha makes up generally
about 15 to 20 per cent, of the crude oil, and
for this the demand in the various industrial
arts is by no means equal to the supply, in
consequence of which it commands but an
inferior price in the market; in fact, con-
siderably less than that demanded for the
burning oils proper. Here, then, exists a
direct temptation to dishonest or ignorant
manufacturers or dealers to adulterate their
stock of burning oil with oils of inferior price
and dangerous quality. To what extent this
reckless practice is carried on the community
have no just conception, but the writer feels
safe in asserting that it is as general as any
of the true adulterations.
So geneially has it been practised, in Phila-
delphia at least, that only three years ago an
examination of 3,000 oil samples sold in va-
rious parts of the city and its suburbs showed
that not more than one-twelfth of one per
cent, of all the burning oils sold in the shops
of this city were of sufficiently high grade to
pass the fire test; and it may be added that
there is no reason to suppose that any im
provement of this condition of things has
taken place since the time when the examina
tion was made. The constant occurrence,
therefore, of accidents with coal oil — so long
as the cheap and highly dangerous products
THE FRIEND.
KIGHTH MONTH 2,
There is danger of overestimating the im-
portance to the Church of those of its mem-
bers who are called into the more active and
conspicuous positions ; and to have too little
regard for the more hidden ones, whose place
of usefulness may be much restricted to the
quiet precints of their own family circles, and
whose voices are seldom or never heard in
public assemblies, but who may be animated
with as sincere a love for the cause of religion
as their more active brethren and sisters, and
may be living in as close a union with the
of the refinery are indiscriminately used to Spirit of the Lord.
adulterate the comparatively safe-burning oil. All real good comes from the one eternal
the kerosene; or doctored, with equal im- Fountain. Our own progress in religion and
punity, into the numberless burning mixtures
with alluring names that meet one at every j
tQi-n — is a perfectly natural result, and one
that should occasion no surprise. — Polytechnic
Review.
Fainting is so common with some persons,
particularly women, and the cause of it so
little understood by nonprofessional people,
that some knowledge on the subject often
proves valuable. Faintness consists in a tem-
porary failure of the activity of the heart,
the blood not being properly circulated in
consequence. Although it does not reach the
head, the sufferer loses all clearness of vision,
and, if not prevented, may fall, the fall not
infrequently restoring the normal condition.
There is no convulsion, and though he — more
probably she — can hardly be called conscious
he is not so profoundly unconscious as to be
incapable of arousal, as happens in epilepsy
There are all degrees of ftvintness, from merely
feeling faint and looking somewhat pale to
positive and complete swooning. In some
cases one faint is no sooner cured than another
and another succeed, hour after hour, even
day after day. It is scarcely necessary to say
that such cases are serious and need prompt
treatment. The causes are various. Some
persons are so easily affected that they swoon
if they cut their finger or see any one b'eed.
Their defect is over-sensitive nerves and weak
muscular fibre. The heart is essentially a
muscle, which is feeble in some, strong in
others — feeble generally in womon and strong
in men. Whatever weakens the heart and
muscles commonly produces faintness; close,
foul air being an active cause. Whatever
greatly atl'ects the nerves, such as bad news
or the sight of the disagreeable or horrible,
may induce a swoon ; and loss of blood is
another and a serious incitement. Sound
health, naturally accompanied by firm nerves
and muscles, is the best preventive of faint
ness. The majority of vigorous men go
through all kinds of severe and painful ex-
periences without fainting, while delicate men
and many women swoon at trifles.
[American women are less prone to faint
now than formerly, owing, as it is believed,
to the abandonment of tight lacing, and to
their increased exercise in the open air, and
as a consequence, their better physical con-
dition.]
As large springs send forth their waters
without pumping, so your benevolence should
seek the poor before the poor seek your
benevolence. — Seeker.
our ability to help others depends on being
^oined to that Fountain and receiving from it
our supplies of strength. He who has all
power is able to carry on his plans without
our feeble aid, for lie can turn the heart of a
rnan, as a man turneth his water-course in
his field— a simile the force of which can be
best appreciated by those who have been
familiar with the process of artificial irri-
gation, and have witnessed the manner in
which the skilful laborer directs the fertilizing
streams in succession to every part of his
land.
Yet it does often please the Lord to make
use of human instruments in the accomplish-
ment of his designs; perhaps as much for
their own growth and help, as for any other
reason. It is his blessing alone that gives
value to the efforts used by any of his ser-
vants, and all the glory belongs to Him.
The machinist knows that in a steam en-
gine the hidden valves that govern the flow
of the steam are as vitally essential as the
ponderous fly-wheel or the quick moving
piston. So in the Church, the hidden mem-
bers, who, without apparently doing much
for the blessed cause, are living near to the
Fountain Head, wrestling daily for a blessing
on themselves and others, may as availingly
contribute to the welfare of the body and bo
as instrumental in procuring the flow of Di-
vine life to its members, as some others who
are more conspicuously brought to view.
Let none then despise their callings, com-
plain of their own lot, or become weary in a
faithful effort to fill up their measure of service.
Whether our active duties be few or many,
our place in the Church be in the hidden
paths of obscurity, or in more prominent
and exposed positions, the same highway
of holiness must be trodden by each one of
us. We must come to walk in the Light
of the Lord, in close communion with llim
who declared, 1 am the Way, the Truth and
the Life ; our greatest concern being to know
his voice and to obey it, trusting with full con-
fidence in that God who has declared that be-
sides mo there is no Saviour ; believing that
He will not only care for us in our journey
through life as we become joined in fellowship
with Him, but that He will care for his own
cause in the earth. Then not only our lan-
o-uage, but our every-day walk, and all our
dealings with men, will spread the invitation
to others— "Come and have fellowship^ with
us, for truly our fellowship is with the Father
and with his Son Jesus Christ."
We have received a short communication.
408
THE FRIEND.
without a name attached, pleading for charity
io our judgnoent of one another. While we
unite in thifs feeling, yet there are some ex-
pressions in the article that appear to have a
direct personal allusion, though they may not
be 80 intended. As in such a case, private
labor would be more appropriate than public,
we believe it best not to print the communi-
cation.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States. — The rainfall on Seventh-day,
(20lh ult.), was very heavy in many places. It did
great damage in tlie oil towns of Petrolia and Karnsl
City, and along the Monongahela and Yoiighiogheny
valleys, in the western part of this State. Nearly all |
the railroads centering at Pittsburg, except the Penn-,
gylvania, were damaged. The rainfall at Irwin's Station j
is reported to have been seven inches. A woman was
drowned at Shaner Station by the flood.
A telegram from Washington announces that the re-
cent Treasury order in reference to paying out standard
silver dollars without discrimination, is not to be con- j
strued as forcing the standard silver dollar into circu-
lation. The option will still remain with the public of
accepting or declining these dollars when they are ten-
dered by any Government official.
The New York Commercial Biilletin in a recent issue
published a complete list of the defaulting railroads in
the United States. The record is a most striking one,
and clearly shows to the observing person the pit into
which was sunk the anticipated net earnings of many
years. The list includes no less than 307 railroad cor-
porations that have been compelled to go into bank-
ruptcy, with losses to creditors varying all the way from
50 to 100 per cent. The enormous sum thus sunk can- 1
not be accurately stated, but the paper referred to ac- j
cepts as approximately accurate a statement which puts
the amount of default, up to 1st mo. 1st, 1879, at $890,- !
000,000 ; and if this estimate errs, it is in the direction |
of conservatism. |
The Mercantile Agency of R. G. Dunn & Co., have^
issued their regular quarterly circular, giving their i
statistics of the business fiiilures in the country for the
first and second quarters of the present year. The ex- 1
hibit is very encouraging. The failures for the second
quarter in the present year are 1,534 in number, and
twenty-two millions of dollars in amount of liabilities.
These figures are notably less than in any single quarter
of the past five years. As compared with the second
quarter of 1868, the difference in favor of the last three
months is very marked, indicating a decrease of over
900 failures in that period, with a decline in liabilities
of twenty-six millions in the quarter — a lessened loss
or lock-up by bad debts of over two millions per week.
A protest against the pardon of D. M Bennett, con-
victed of sending improper matter through the mails,
has been prepared by the New England Society for the
Suppression of Vice. More than five hundred promi-
nent educators, clergymen, physicians and business men
of Boston and other New England cities have signed it.
Florida is now shipping GOOO head of cattle monthly
to Cuba, with the prospect for an increase in the de-
mand. The shipments of Texas cattle to Cuba are also
large, giving regular occupation to several of the Mor-
gan steamships.
The mortality in New York city for the past week
was about COO, a decrease of 233 compared with the
week previous. This change for the better Is undoubt-
edly due to the cooler weather, as also to the labors of
the tenement-house visiting physicians. It is also
worthy of note that the per centage of deaths among
children under five years is raucli smaller this week
than last.
The number of deaths in Philadelphia was 405, of
whom 175 were under one year of age. The deaths
from cholera infantum (summer complaint), were 105.
Five hundred tons of fresh meat left New York on
one day of this week for England.
The Sanitary Committee of the Board of Health of
this city have made a report recommending the disuse
(if burial places in the built up portions of the city.
They say: The best sanitary authorities are opposed to
the practice. Says P.i.rkes, than whom no better au-
thority exists, " The air over cemeteries is constantly
contaminated, and water (which may be used for drink-
ing) is often highly impure. Hence, in the vicinity of
grave-yards two dangers to the population arise, and
in addition, from time to time, the disturbance of an
old grave-yard has given rise to disease. It Is a matter
of notoriety that the vicinity of grave-yards Is un-
healthy." Another danger may be mentioned, namely,
that arising from contamination of the " ground air,"
which is drawn into houses through the basement floors,
particularly in the winter, spring and fall. Your com-
mittee, impre.ssed with the importance of the subject of
intra-mural interments, advise that steps be taken to
secure the total prohibition in the future of all such
burials.
The number of deaths in Memphis from yellow fever
during last week was 34. The census of its popula-
tion, taken by the policemen, shows the number re-
maining In the city to be 16,110, of whom 9,743 have
had the fever. James B. Cook, an architect and sani-
tary engineer, who resided in Memphis for many years,
attributes the liability of that city to disease to the im-
perfect drainage and want of pure water supply.
Among the emigrants arriving at New York on the
2Sth ult., were 76 Icelanders, the first from that region.
John Welsh, our Minister at the Court of England,
who has very acceptably filled that station, has resigned
his position. Family reasons are supposed to be the
cause of this step.
A hostile collision occurred a few days since, between
a small body of United States troops in Montana, and
a party of Sioux Indians. Orders have been sent from
Washington to the army there, to avoid warlike move-
ments.
Markets, Ac— U. S. sixes, 1881, 104| ; 5's, registered,
102| ; do. coupon, 104 ; 4.V per cents, 106 ; 4 per cents,
102.
Cotton. — Sales of middlings at 12 a 12j cts. per lb.
for uplands and New Orleans.
Petroleum — Crude at 6 cts. in barrels, and standard
white 6| a 6| cts. for export, and 9} a 9| cts. per gallon
for home use.
Flour. — Prices continue steady, but the demand
limited. Minnesota extra at $5 a $5.75 ; Penna. extra
family, at *5 a $5.50 ; Ohio extra family, $5.25 a $5.75 ;
patent, *7.25 a $7.75, and other high grades, at $7.75 a
«8, as in quality. Rye fiour, small sales at $3.20 a
$3.25. Corn meal, $2.50. Bran sells at $12 a $12.50
per ton.
Grain. — There was a fair local demand for wheat,
and prices were higher; red on traclv at $1.13 a $1.14 ;
Delaware amber, at $1.15 ; Jersey do. at »1.15 ; No. 2
western red, in elevator, at $1.12g; and small lots of
white at $1.18, and new at $1.08 a $1.13, as to condi-
tion. Rye, 59 a 60i cts. Corn, at 48 a 50 cts._ Oats,
36 a 37 cts. for mixed, and 39 cts. for prime white.
Hay and Straw. — Prime timothy, 70 a 80 cts. per
100 pounds ; mixed, 60 a 70 cts. per 100 pounds ; straw,
55 a 70 cts. per 100 pound.s.
Cattle, from 3|- to 5| cts. per pound, as to quality.
Sheep, from 3 to 5 cts. per pound. Hogs, 5 to 6 cts.
Cows at from $20 to $30 per head.
Foreign. — The London Times, in its financial article,
mourns the bad crop prospects in Europe. There is no
doubt now but that the excessive rain and the absence
of sunshine has done much damage. The prevailing
opinion both in France and Germany is that the wheat
crop will be short, both countries having suffered from
heavy rains. Southern Russia and America seem to be
the only corn growing countries whence an abundant
supply can be looked for.
Bishop Colenso, writing from Natal to the London
Times, describes the war against the Zulus as a " most
unrighteous and unnecessary" one, " which has been
forced on by the policy of the High Commissioner, in
which already 10,000 human beings have been killed —
2,500 on our side, and 7,500 on that of the Zulus ; and
which, unless, as may be hoped, the Secretary of State
has interfered in the interest of peace, will he carried,
no doubt, to its bitter end. Involving the killing of thou-
sands more, and the expenditure, as is freelystated here
on high authority, of not a million and a half, but at
least ten millions of English money."
The first railro.ad in Palestine has been contracted
for between Jaffa and Jeru.salem, forty miles. The con-
tractor is reported to be G. F. D. Lovell, a resident of
Cincinnati.
The London Standard's despatch from Madrid inti-
mates that the Cabinet, at the next session of the Cortes,
intends to introduce bills for the gradual extinction of
slavery, and the payment of compensation to proprietors
of slaves, freedmen to give some years of labor for thei
liberty.
A council of foreign bondholders at London has
telegraphed, on behalf of the holders of Louisiana
bonds, a strong protest against the measures of so-called
repudiation proposed by the Louisiana Constitutional
Convention.
A Vienna despatch to the Times says: Russia, in
reply to the friendly inquiry of Austria, has given an
assurance that the last Russian soldier will have quitted
Turkish territory by the 4lh of 8th mo.
Patagonia. — The cession of all Patagonia to the
gentine Confederation by Chili, makes another chail
in the political geography of this continent worthjj
note. The region was discovered in 1520, and has
longed to Buenos Ay res and to the Confederation, i
the latter allowed Chill to occupy the western cos
The whole area is about 350,000 square miles, anc
is occupied by some thousand Fuegians and Pa|:;
gonians. The Welsh failed in planting a colony thi
e fifteen years ago, and the Swiss had the sai
svant of success five years since. There are seve
fair harbors, two volcanoes, many mountains, lak
rivers and islands, and gold, coal and diamonds ha
been found. Bear, deer, foxes, ostriches, cattle a
horses are met. The summers are short and the vei
tation is scanty, though potatoes and a few vegetabl
have beeu grown. The region has had consideral
importance because it controls the navigation of M
gellan's Straits ; but since Great Britain seized t
Falkland Islands, fronting the Atlantic entrance to t
straits, this control has been of little use, and an t.
gentine colony died out from cold and want of busine
The political transfer carries the right of doraai
that right is of little use or profit, and will probab
be of none when the Isthmian canal is constructed.
John Bright, England, in reply to one asking hi
to support a motion in the House for a committee
inquiry into the causes of the depression in trao
said :
" Parliament cannot step in by legislation material
to mitigate the admitted sufferings of the farmers,
to the present depression of trade, we owe some of
to the bad harvests which have impoverished mat
farmers, who are not an inconsiderable portion of oi
home trade customers. We owe much of it to lamial
in India and China, and to the commercial and manij
facturing distress which has prevailed in almost evei
country. These great changes are not in the powi
of Congresses or Parliaments ; they are in the orderir
of nature, and we must accept them, always endeavo
ing not to aggravate them by our own follies. As i'
Parliament and its inquiries, I have seen much of '
and of them. If Parliament would keep out of foreigi
broils ; if it would conduct the government of the com
try at an expenditure of £60,000,000, instead of £8C
000,000, in the year ; if it would devote its time an
labors to questions of home interest rather than f
those which involve the sacrifice of the blood and trei
sure of our people in remote lands, we might have hop
and faith that Parliament could serve the nation i
times of depression, and we should find that such time
of suffering would visit us more rarely."
The Great Russian Project. — It is said that the worl
men have at last begun the long cherished project t
turning the Oxus, or Amoo river into its old bed, an
making it flow westward to the Caspian Sea, from
point, near Khiva, instead of northward to the Sea (
Aral, as at present. It is believed that the river we
turned into its present bed by the Tartars, in a. d
1235, to prevent Russian extension towards the Eas
and ever since the old bed was discovered, early in tli
last century, the Russians have been thinking aboi
turning it back again. The most recent surveys seei
to show that the removal of the dam, which now pr
vents the water from flowing to the Caspian, woul
result in the opening up of a now desert country.
TOUGHKENAMON BOARDING SCHOOL.
The 13th year opens Ninth month 9th, 1879.
H. M. Cope, Principil.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
Our friends Benjamin W. and Rebecca G. Passmor
having re:iigned their positions as Superintendent an
Matron of Westtown Boarding School, Friends wh
may feel drawn to engage in the important and respor
sible duties of superintending this Institution, are r(
quested to communicate with either of the undersignei
The present Superintendents desire to be released i
4th month ne.xt, or earlier.
William P. Townsend, West Chester, Pa.
John S. Comfort, Fallslngton, Bucks Co., Pa.
Charles J. Allen, 304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
. Elizabeth R. Evans, 322 Union St. "
Anna V. F.dgr, Di.wiiiii-iowii, Pa.
Deborah Khonds, lla.l.lonlirld, N.J.
" ^VlLLIAM 11. I'lLK, PRINTER,
No. 422 Walnut Street.
THE FRIEND.
A RELIGIOUS AND LITERARY JOURNAL.
VOL. LII.
SEVENTH-DAY, EIGHTH MONTH 9, 1879.
NO. 52.
PUBLISHED WEEKLY.
, if paid in advance, $2.00 per annum ; if not paid
advance $;2..50 ; 10 cents extra is charged for
Postage on tliose sent by mail.
Commanicatioiis to be ajdressed to
JOSEPH WALTON,
NO. 150 NORTH NINTH STREET.
Subscriptions and Payments received by
JOHN S. STOKES,
(JO. 116 N'ORTH FOURTH STREET, UP STAIRS,
PHILADELPHIA.
Life and Adventure In Japan.
BY E. WARREN CLARK.
(Continued from page 402.)
At an appointed day I wont to the palace
tith Halakeyama, and selected the largest
f the state apartments, as the most suitable
1 which to give the e.xhibition. I then asked
he lord chamberlain to Hk the most con-
enient date. He stepped out in the garden
nd consulted the Mikado, who was just about
;o take a walk. His majesty said that Tues
lay of the next week would suit him ; but il
ny important state duties interfered he would
et me know.
Accordingly, about eight o'clock on Tues
iay evening, I had my instruments set up in
;he palace, and the large curtain suspended
om the top of the partition of the apart-
nent. Two large screens were arranged
iround the instruments ; where the officers at
first fi.Kcd them so as to shut off the seats in-
tended for the emperor and his household
^rom all the rest of us in the room. But as
soon as they had retired to give notice that
all was ready, I made a slight and quick
change, and pulled the screens backward, so
to make the way clear for a larger picture
on the curtain.
As soon as every thing was ready for the
exhibition, notice was sent to the Mikado's
apartments that all things were awaiting his
majesty's pleasure. The emperor and empress
were ushered into the room, followed by an
impressive retinue, eonsistingehiefly of young
ladies dressed in white, with their long, dark
hair streaming behind, and broad red sashes
encircling their waists; the eff>iCt was very
pretty, and quite unique, as this charming
procession of fair ones entered, and quietly
seated themselves behind bis majesty, while
the word " Welcome," with the wreath of
flowers, was thrown by the brilliant light
upon the curtain.
The chief oflScers of the Kunaisho, or house-
hold department, sat on the opposite side of
the room from his majesty. Tokudaigi, the
lord chamberlain, and several otherhigh
oflficers were in attendance on his majesty ;
and every thing passed off in a very pleasant
and social manner, there being nothing stiff
or formal, though there was a subdued still
ness in the room.
At the outset dissolving views were ex
hibitedof Windsor Castle, Sandringham Hall,
the Parliament Houses, and other English
and Scottish places of interest.
Then followed many American views of
Niagara, the Yosemite, and the principal
scenes in Washington, New York, and Boston.
After this the magnesium stereopticon was
started, and the magnificent views of Paris,
Berlin, Switzerland, and Northern Italy were
presented in brilliant succession.
Hatakeyaina (who had accompanied the
embassy in all their European experiences)
sat near his majesty, and explained all the
views as they were announced; designating,
at the same time, the particular places vi.sited
by the embassy, and enlivening the occasion
by little incidents of their experience.
The Mikado seemed exceedingly interested,
and although every body else was quiet in his
presence, he conversed freely and naturally,
asking many questions upon places of par-
ticular importance.
The exhibition lasted an hour and a half,
j-et the court wished it to continue longer.
At the conclusion I thought that my turn
had come to secure the long-desired peep at
the Mikado and the fair members of the iin
perial household. The room had hitherto been
dark, 80 that I could not readily see the dis
llnguished people about me. Only a broad
cone of light fell upon the screen from the
stereopticon. But when the signal was given
for the Japanese servants to approach with
their little paper lanterns, I knew the Toku-
daigi had planned to remove the Mikado and
his court from the room, without giving the
foreigner time to have a satisfactory look at
them.
Science came to my assistance, however.
The punctilious lord chamberlain knew not
the marvellous potency of the magnesium
light. No sooner had the fair retinue risen
from their seats than I raised the magic clock-
latTip from one of the instruments, and shot a
broad beam of white light, dazzling as the sun,
down the long corridor through which the
procession must pass. In an instant the Jap
anese lanterns glimmered like fire-flies, and
the darkness of the corridor changed to day-
light. The Mikado and empress passed out
first, followed by the ladies of the court, who
walked quieily, two by two, and hand in hand.
Their dresses were similar to some of tho-<e I
had seen in pictures of the ancient Kioto
court. The fair young faces turned one by
one towards the brilliant light, which their
curiosity led them to look at, and I noticed
the little dots placed upon their foreheads,
hich designated the highestrank of nobility.
Some of the ladies were very pretty ; They
wore their hair in thick tresses down the
back, which style is only allowable for ladies
cordingly I was led, with Hatakeyama and
y two Japanese assistants, into the room
where the Mikado's ministers are usually re-
d. Here a table of refreshments awaited
Cakes and confectionery, stamped with
stars, leaves, flowers, and chrysanthemums,
were piled upon the table, colored with all
the tints of the rainbow. The confectionery
was too artistic to eat, and I told the lord
chamberlain that I would take it home to
show my friends; he said certainly, that I
might take it all, for this is the Japanese cus-
tom. I had frequently given dinners at which
thoinvited guestscarrifd away in their sleeves
all the g >od things that were left I So there
was no impropriety in my carrying away the
sweetmeats from the Mikado's table.
The next morning all my instruments were
sent to the coUogoin the emperor's express
wagon. A month after, a magnificent gold
lacquer-box com i to me with the compliments
of the Mikado and the thanks of the ladies of
the court. The latter said they felt as though
the stereopticon had taken them on a journey
through foreign countries, and that nothing
in their seclusion at the palace had ever
aflbrded them half so much pleasure. They
would remember the occasion, they said, all
their lives.
It is appropriate just hero to say a few
words respecting the various classes of society
which prevailed in Japan before the advent
of foreigners, and of the distinctions which
are now slowly passing away.
In ancient times society was divided into
four classes. The first constituted the literary
and military class, called the Samourai. The
second, strange as it may seem, was the agri-
cultural class, or common farmer. The third
was the laboring class, or carpenter and arti-
san. The fourth was the trading or money-
._aking class, the merchant. These were the
chief classes that existed from 1604 until
1868.
The Samourai stood at the head of the
social scale. He was the gentleman— the
soldier in war and the scholar in peace. He
could wield either the sword or the pen. Of
the two, ho rather preferred the sword. The
sharp steel blades thrust in his belt were to
him the symbol of rank and chivalry. He
might walk the streets without a hat, but
never without wearing his two swords.
(To be continued.)
It is a very blessed state, always to live,
walk, meet together, and wait in that which
gives free access to the throne of grace, and
which leadeth in the presence of Him that
sitteth thereon ; in whose presence, some of
old could witness, were rivers of pleasures,
oac, wnicu ..y.« .» .u,^ ..... „... and at his right hand, joy for evermore Oh
of the court. Their eyes were slightly oblique, all that taste of one ^^'op of th.s nver and
Af,«r t.he stereonticon entertainment the | partake of the least measure of this joy, know
balance and outweigh all the
After the stereopticon entertainment
officersof theKunaishoDepartraentexpressed|them to^ over-
much pleasure a
be fatigued and
much pleasure at the result, and said 1 must [treasures, joys, and Pj'^asures this world and
muchpleasu o_ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ refreshment. Ac- 'the glory of it can afford.- TF. Shaoen.
410
THE FRIEND.
" For Tlie Frimul "
Extriii'ls from llic Diary and Letters of Ebciiezcr Worth,
CCoutiQUed from page 403. J
1848. llth mo. 2J. Went down Lo Corn.
])lai)ter's; took King Pierce for an interpreter.
After speaking with tliera in relation to some
business with their agent, I informed Cliarles
and William O'Uail I wished to .speak with
their people on the subject of religion. Some
of the men met in Cliai-les' (house) and I had
a comfortable opportunity with them. I felt
as if I should like to see them altogether, and
expressed to Charles and William to that
effect; but after expressing myself as I did,
and they not getting together, I felt excused.
llth mo. 7lh. Since I have heard of the
offer made by and wife (to come to the
reservation and act as agent), I have been
much comforted and highly favored in seasons
of supplication — a great blessing — may I re-
member it in time to come with feelings ot
gratitude to a kind and merciful God.
llth mo. llth. I had a pretty full and satis
fiictory opportunity of talking with Jackson
Curry on the subject of religion.
13th. Went to Itandolph expecting to go
to see George Thorp, to try to have him to
teach the school at Horse Shoo. I met him
in the road between the east and west village;
he was willing to teach the .school and I liiiY-d
hira. After parting with him I felt thankful
to a kind and merciful Master that 1 had met
with so suitable a person. I had felt anxious
for some time to have the school commenced,
(but) the difficulty of getting a good exem-
plary person has made it discouraijing.
14th. In the morning went to the river.
William Hall, the Presbyterian missionary,
was there with his interpreter, to talk to the
Indians; it caused me to think pretty seri-
ously whether i was discharging ray duty.
While I do not wish to lay anything in the
way of other people, I should feel sorry that
by neglecting what might be required of me,
the Lord should t3nd it necessary to sen
others to do the service designed for me.
May my work be done in the day time,— the
Master's time. In a letter received from
brother, I was informed there seemed
prospect of the Friend and his wife who had
offered, coming to take my place; the news
was trying to my natural feelings. Oh! fo
resignation to the Divine will.
1849. 1st mo. 27th. Went to .see Georgi
Johnson, who had been confined to his bed
for near six weeks from a hurt ho had got in
his knee. I met with J. Curry at Moses
Snow's, had a satisfactory opportunity with
him on the subject of religion. Moses Snow's
wife appeared sober and attentive to what
was said. I returned home pretty well satis
fiod that I wont.
Ist mo. 28. Pelt a concern to visit the
upper end of the reservation; the river being
high I felt a little discouraged, and went down
to Jack.son Curry's and Moses Snow's. They
had both left home; came back to the school
house to bo a little in the quiet, and to feel
after what was required, at which time felt
it right for me to persevere. I went home
and got William and Hamilton Johnson, who
quite encouraged me. They could put my
pony and sleigh across in the boat. I need-
ed some encouragement, for I felt a little
afraid to attempt to cross in the boat, the
river was so high. My own feelings, from a
sense of duty, seemed to help me forward.
We crossed over with comparatively but little
difficulty. 1 felt, I trust, in a degree thank-
ful that I was favored (to get over) so com-
fortably. I felt ray mind pretty well com-
posed with a desire, I trust a living desire,
that I might bo kept in my proper place, and
that I might be enabled to do all that was re
quired of me. I called on my way up, and
got James Jameson for my interpreter. When
I got to the Council House at Horse Shoe, I
spoke 10 some of those who appeared to have
some management of their meeting or dance,
for an opportunity of speaking to their peo-
ple. The next day, George Titus informed
me that I might have an opportunity in the
forenoon the next day. I went to Walter
Thorp's to stay that night. I felt my mind
much favorel with a continued desire that I
ght be enabled to do what my Divine
ister might be pleased to require. I think
I was able to feel love to Him, and a good de-
gree of resignation to his holy will, with feel-
ings of strong interest in the improvement of
the Indians, both in spiritual and temporal
things, and it seemed as if I had language to
express my feelings.
(To be coDtiuued.)
The Cave of lUachpelah.
The object of greatest interest in the Mosque
at Hebron, is concealed beneath its pavement.
It is ";,he double cave," or Machpelah, the
oldest known burial-place in the world. Here
the three patriarchs and their wives (except
Rachel, who is buried beneath a little white
mosque near Bethlehem) sleep. Joseph's body,
too, is said to have been removed thitherfrom
Shechem, near Jacob's well, where his tomb
is still shown. There never has been any
doubt about the identity of the spot. Such
caves are as everlasting as the hills to which
they belong. The story of Machpelah is sin-
gularly touching. With what solemnity and
carefulness did father Abraham acquire this
his only property in the Holy Land from his
heathen friend Bphron, and make it sure for
over by that first legal contract recorded in
history. (Gen. xxiii. 3-20.) The scene comes
back to us in all its circumstantial dotal _, _
Dr. Thomson shows so graphically from his
own experience of bargaining among the Ori-
entals of the present day. "How simple and
impres-iive is the record of the successive in-
terments of the patriarchal families, and the
burial of enmities between brothers over the
graves of their fathers : first Sarah was buried
(Gen. xxiii. 19), then Abraham by Isaac and
Ishmael (xxv. 9, 10), then Isaac by his sons
Esau and Jacob (xxxv. 27-29); and last we
read the dying request of Jacob in Egypt:
"And ho charged them and said unto them,
I am to be gathered unto my people: bury
me with my fathers in the cave that is in the
field of Bphron the Hittite for a possession of
a burial-place. There they buried Abraham
and Sarah his wife; there they buried Isaac
and Rebekah his wife; and there I buried
Leah," xlix. 29-31.
From the time of its permanent Mussulman
occupation in 1187 to 1862, the mo,sque was
most jealously closed to all but Mohammedans,
and the Machpelah is closed still. Previous
to that year we had but three brief and con-
fused accounts of stealthy visits, especially
by a Spanish renegade, Ali Bey. Even the
Mosque of Omar and the Mosque of Damascus
were opened to foreigners before that of Heb-
•on. At last, by a special firman of the Sultan,
and afte
of Wales was admitted to the interior in Jan|i
ary, 1862,. the Marquis of Bute in 1866, &\i
the crown prince of Prussia in 1869. i
Dean Stanley, who, togeiherwith the Pru '
sian Consul, Dr. Rosen, a learned archasoloo-ijlj
accompanied the Prince of Wales, has gmlj
us a very interesting account of this visij
From it we learn that the patriarchs and the
wives have separate shrines, enclosed witj
grates or railing.s, but they are empty cen^
taphs or monuments in honor of the dead whj
lie beneath. The shrines of Abraham an
Jacob were shown to the visitors, but nc
those of their wives. When the gate to th
shrine of Abraham was thrown open, th
guardians groaned aloud, and their chief n'
marked, " The princes of any other natioj
should have passed over my dead body soone
than enter. Butto the oldestson of Queen Vi(|
toria we are willing to accord even this privi
Then he offered an ejaculatory prayej
to Abraham : " O friend of God, forgive thi
ntrusion." Isaac's shrine they were not per;
nitted to enter, for the singular reason thati
while Abraham, who interceded for the wickl
ed inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah, wa:i
full of kindness and would overlook an affront'
Isaac was proverbially jealous, and might re-l
sent the insult. i
The most sacred and interesting part of thel
mo-iquo, the dark subterranean cave itself,!
which contains the remains of the patriarchss
was closed to the distinguished visitors, and
could only be seen through a small hole ia
the pavement. It is uncertain whether even
the Moslems enter the Machpelah. Once,:
they say, twenty-five hundred years ago, ai
servant of a great king entered, but returnedi
" blind, deaf, withered, and crippled." Sinc^
then the entrance v/as closed, and only the,
aperture left open, that the holy air may come|
up and a lamp be let down by a chain uponl
the grave.— f. Schaff.
Infidelity and Cmne.—We believe it to bei
susceptible of demonstration that the late cx-1
traordinary and deplorable increase of crime,?!
an increase more palpable every day, crowd-!
ing with its record the columns of the publioi
prints and sickening the soul with its endlesa'i
detail and novelty of horror, is largely due to i
the growth of materialism, or what is termed!
infidelity, and that mainly in reaction from)
the skeptical drift of the time lies the path'
of wholesome reform. The fruit of unbelief!
among the upper or wealthy classes is sensu-j
ality. Those classes get to worship instead!
of their Maker the pleasures of the moment.:
They bow down to rich food and fine clothes |
and enervating amusements. They make god- j
dosses of women who possess mere physical I
beaut}^ Their hearts are set on yachts, and '
race-courses, and theatres, and operas. What
is given, in a word, to gild or soften life, to
lend grace, and sparkle, and color to the plod
and monotone of existence, such persons make
its sole object and aim. Thus they become of :
the earth earthy, and all that is spiritual and i
exalted dries out of their souls. One after •
another the commandments are broken as '
they stand in the way of desire, and a shame-
"ul ruin is loft at last in place of what might
have been a perfect temple ; a shattered and ;
d voluptuary in place of a nobly perfected '
human being.
Among the poorer and less educated ranks
, of society the cant and poison of livino- only
■eat deal of trouble, the Prince for the day is even more directly disastrous. '
THE FRIEND.
411
ich can gratify their passions without,
•ule and' in the legal sense, coniiug in
nflict with the rights of others. But the
cdy, unrestrained by any fear of future ac-
unt,' and thinking only to eat and drink
ice to-morrow they die, drive straight on
crime. That this is no idle assertion can
abundantly proved. A careful survey of
3 murders, suicide.-, and other great felonies
tnmittcd in the chief cities of the United
,ates during the last ten years, shows that
heavy fraction of the perpetrators were
.heists or free thinkers. These unhappy per-
ms persuaded that life is the be-all and the
id-all here, imagine that in their calculations
ley can jump the life to come. A collection
• the letters or other papers left by criminals
hen anticipating death, shows a fearful num-
sr of instances, some of which many readers
m recall, of absolute disbelief in the exist-
nce of a G-od or in any reckoning for wrong
one in this life to be exacted in a future one.
Evening Post.
letter of Isaac Penliiglon.
0 the friend of Francis Pines: Friend,
Lfter some deep exercise of spirit coneernii
hee, under great grief of heart for thee, 1
elt a constraint of love, forcing these follow-
no- considerations from me, to lay before thee.
As for William Penn, thou didst not make
nention of him to me in thy former letter.
i.nd as to thy charge upon him, that he
ienies the "Trinity," redemption by Christ s
3lood,and imputed righteousness, thou raayest
read his apology touching those things, which
.t is just thou shouldst seriously weigh, as in
Erod's sight; and then perhaps thou wilt not
so resolutely charge him as now thou dost.
Christ is made unto us righteousness, by
faith in his blood, and by faith in his Spirit
and he that doth not believe in his Spirit, and
receives not instruction and help from his
Spirit to believe, cannot believe aright in his
blood. All that is of Christ is righteous ; all
that is of Christ, the righteous and holy root,
is righteous and holy, wherever it is found.
And by Christ, that which is truly holy and
righteous is brought up in us, and we forgiven
and washed from our sins and iniquities for
his name's sake. And the receiving of the
pardon of sins is precious, and the bringing
forth in the new life is precious also.
I am satisfied in God's Spirit, that that
which I have written in the last I sent to
thee, is the sum and substance of true re-
lio-io'n; the sum and substance whereof doth
not stand in getting a notion of Christ's righte-
ousness, but in feeling the power of the endless
life, receiving the power, and being changed
by the power. And where Christ is, there is
his righteousness. He that hath the Son hath
life and righteousness; but he that hath not
the Son hath not life nor righteousness. And
where Christ is not, there is not his righteous-
ness ; but only a notion thereof, from appre-
hensions formed out of the Scriptures by
man's wisdom, which should be destroyed. I
would not have thy knowledge here, nor thy
standing here, nor thy faith here ; but in the
truth and life itself.
Christ was anointed and sent of God, a
Saviour, to destroy the works of the devil, to
break down all rule and authority contrary
to God in man ; for his work is in the heart.
There He quickens, there He raiseth, there
He brings into death that which is to die,
raising tbe seed immortal, and brin
creature into subjection to it. Now, to feel
the power that doth this, and to feel this
wrought by the power, this is far beyond all
talk "about justification and righteousnes-s.
Hither would I have thee come, out of the
talk, out of the outwardness of knowledge,
into' the thing itself, and into the Iruencss of
the new and living knowledge, which is wit-
nessed here.
There is a power in Christ to mortiiy and
overcome sin in the very root; it is not how-
ever overcome, but in the revealing of this
power ; nor is the soul justified, but in and by
the working of this power. So that justifi
cation is not the first thing, but the power of
..._, .n and through which (revealed m Christ)
the'soulis both justified and sanctified, through
the working of the faith, which is from the
.,„wor. And here salvation is felt nigh
deed, to those that truly fear the Lord ; and
glory dwells in the land which He hath
deemed. There, mercy and truth do indeed
meet together, and righteousness and peace
kiss each other. Yea, truth, there, springs
out of the eartb, and righteousness looks down
from heaven, &o. And here, the heavenly
place in Christ is sat down in, towards which
is the travel of the disciple. For saitb Christ
to his disL-iples, "I go to prepare a place,"
d "I will come again," and translate you
thither. But the disciples do not come to th
place before their travel, or before any works
of righteousness which God hath wrought in
them. , . -IT-
Therefore he that will be justified by Hin-
must abide in the faith, where the justihca
lion is. Tbe Father justifies what is of his
own life in the Son, and the Son in his life ;
and the Son justifies what is of the Father in
us (what is of the Father's nature, the Fa-
ther's spirit, the Father's life), and justifies
us from that, by his blood, from which we
cannot otherwise be justified. Oh, how pre-
cious it is, to see and feel this in the true light,
where the blood of Christ cleanseth from all
sin ! Here is no covenant for us of ourselves
to perform; but the true self-denial is wit
nessed, wherein the covenant is performed
and Christ the life, Christ the power, Cbris
the ri'J-hteousness and wisdom of God, work-
intr aU in us ; and we gathered into Him, and
liv'ino- and working in Him, by the faith which
is of Hira. And hero is free-will indeed, even
of the will which was bound and captivated
before. And here is the election known, which
obtains; and the obedience and sufferings of
Christ, not looked upon as superfluous, but
highly priz3d, and looked upon as of inesti
able value
But we cannot set the manhood above the
life, and make that the main or chief in the
work of redemption, and the life and Spirit
of his Godhead but supporting, enabling, and
carrying Him up in that great undertaking.
(To be concluded.)
Do we cry up works against the workman ?
man's grace and righteousness against God's?
conformity to Christ against Christ? or make
a Christ, a righteousness, a Saviour of our con-
formity ? Oh ! how wilt thou do, when God
shall plead with thee for these things! Also
that charge of thine on us, that we deny the
person of Christ, and make Him nothing but
a light or notion, a principle in the heart of
man, is very unjust and untrue ; for wc own
that'appearance of Him in his body of flesh,
his sufferings and death, and his sitting at the
Father's right hand in glory: but then we
affirm, that there is no true knowledge of
Him, or union with Him, but in the seed or
principle of his life in the heart; and that
therein He appears, subdues sin, and reigns
those that understand and submit
the
A I'iHclniiati Newsboy.
John King, of Cincim.ati, who has recently
presented a valuable collection of books to
the Cincinnati Public Library, is a remarka-
ble example of what may be accomplished
even under unfavorable surroundings when
strong determination and untiring persever-
ance are combined to eff'ect a purpose.
The Ledger states that he was a farmer's
son, in Michigan. While still a lad a kick
from a horse on the left thigh crippled him for
life For years he hobbled about on crutches,
until an accident to his other knee put him
in bed for five years. It was then that he
developed a passion for reading, devouring
whatever books came in his way, and, as there
were but few that did come in his neighbor-
hood, the purpose of his life to own them for
himself grew out of his long suffering and
deprivation of those five years.
Growing stronger, and with no other capi-
tal than his crutches, he went to Cincinnati
and cot some work in a tobacco factory. He
was 1)nly able to do such work there as is
done by children, and the utmost that ho
could mike by all his industry was three dol-
lars a week. Even this little was broken in
upon when he was taken down with small-
nU and sent to a hospital for six months.
Finally he concluded that he could make
more money as a newsboy, and began to sell
papers Whenever he saw a book that be
thou<rht valuable, and was to be had cheap at
a book stall, ho bought it, and either read it,
in his leisure hours, or stored it away for the
time when ho should have his own little home
and his books on their shelves.
Some of his savings went in speculation.
Ho put some capital, 050, into a broom-mak-
in"- machine, which, it was claimed, could bo
op'erated at a handsome profit. In a short
time however, the firm failed for 8150, and
poorKing went to work to pay off his partner s
indebtedness as well as his own, in time set-
tlinc^ up all claims. By another venture sub-
oqJently, he lost §600, half the savings of ten
years. All this time, however, the book buy-
ing went on. . , . ,
Recently a fire in the old building in which
he lives put his precious books m danger, and
changed his plans. He had intended to give
his collection to the Public Library after his
death, but, concluding that another time the
b-jildincr might burn down entirely, with all
his books in it, he wrote a modest note to the
librarian asking him to find space for a thou-
sand volumes. When his boxes and shelves
came to be unpacked, however, these were
found to number over 2500 books. In fact,
room was altogether books,
fou
the furniture of hi
excepting a small bed, a stand and a stove.
About two hundred favorite volumes over
and above the twenty-five hundred, he re-
served for his own use, and began the next
day to buy others, meaning that the collec-
tion should go on until death. , ^^ , ,
John King is a secretary of the Newsboys
Union. He stands at his corner selling papers,
crutch in hand, from five o'clock to eight
every morning, and from f Jur to six each
. •' Tr_ i: J f„_ „«„>.:! r,r. f h 3 fixed
to the teaching and government of his Spirit.' afternoon. He lived for years on
412
THE FRIEND.
sum of twenty-five cents a day, resolving not
to go beyond it. Ho says ho thought the
matter over and concluded ihat " it made no
difference whether I spent all or saved part,
my living would be what most people would
term wretched. I determined to save some
thing, no difference how little, every day,
until I had enough to lieep me." And, al-
though he has not arrived at the goal of his
financial ambition, which is "au income of a
dollar a day" to retire on, he has managed to
get much good and do good out of his other
investment in books.
For "The Friend."
Lptlei's of James Emieii.
(Continued from page 395.)
"9th mo. 1855. * * * i ^m not sur-
prised to find thou felt so much for th;it dear
child ; I felt as though I would gladly take
her in and give her a home amongst coui^enial
Friends; but had my doubts about hortitua
tion being really bettered, in best things bv
being here. I felt about her much as thou
expressed; as though the Good Hand was
leading her about and instructing her, and I
thought it very possible it might be best that
she should remain under the same special
care, until the way opened with clearness for
her to leave. I acknowledge that the thou.'ht
of her going to Westtown and being under
the tender care and notice of some of the dear
-Friends who reside there and who visit there
occasionally, did feel pleasant, and I oncour-
aged both her and her mother to visit the
school and see how it felt. * * * ^ ^.^
membered what a most agreeable asylum
VVesttown became to my dear companion
when under great affliction and bereavement!
and such I know it has been to others beside
her. It IS a place where one may profitably
enter as a teacher and scholar at the same
time.
" We had W. and E. Evans with us a few
days very acceptably.
"I have thought a great deal about
in this his first engagement. P. Passmore has
gone with him. It seems to be a great thinu-
to discern the true Shepherd's voice when
there are so many voices claimimg to be his
I do not doubt thou feels it so. * * * f
can but desire that the enemy of our Society
and of all religion, may yet be thwarted in
bis aims to shipwreck us wholly. * * * i
feel a hope that I may adopt the languacre
used by some, 'faint, yet pursuing.' Dicfst
thou say any thing to , to enco'lirage her
remaining as she is till the right time is seen
lor her release; 'He that believeth, maketh
not haste.' She may have an important ser-
vice m that land of captivity. 'His reward
18 with Him and his work before Him.' A suc-
cession of fruitful seasons may follow the
years of patience and hope. * * *
" It was always a pleasant circumstance to
me to visit in 's family, and has continued
to be so since the members thereof have been
separated. (Quietness and inwardness of
18 an example much needed in these days.
*K , * '^.'"^^ years of plenty are past, but
they have had their service, and the years of
famine may be needed that Joseph be made
governor over all the land of Errypt "
Speaking of one of his little" grandsons—
who lives out West whore there was no meet-
ing of Friends to attend —requesting his
mother "to sit down with him and let them
hold n quiet little meeting." One present
leaving the room he remarked, "Oh, is it not
too bad!" Such a little incident seems
show the value of silent waiting, and how
possible it is for very young children to learn
something in this most excellent school. He
takes them in his arms and blesses them.
For "TUe Friend."
The following lines appeared in this Jour-
nal some years ago; but at the suggestion of
a friend, they are re copied for it; feeling
them to be much more fitting for some of us,
than they were for the pure spirit of their
author- who was removed by death within
the year which followed their publication.
EVENING SORROW.
I am mourning to-night for a day that is gone,
That no future time can recall,
A prize beyond value, so lately my own,
But ah, I have squandered it all !
'Tis not that I've idled my time all away,
I've tried to be diligent still ;
At the work that was needful I've labored to-day
With a cheerful and earnest good will.
I've been faithful to all that could claim me below
But Oh ! to our Father above, '
Choked up with the weeds, very heavy and slow,
Has been the sweet current of Love.
When I rose with the lark in the rosy-hued morn,
1 forgot the Creator of light;
When I saw the dew glinting the grass and the corn,
1 forgot who had given me sight.
And all through the day, I've accepted the gifts,
That round me so plentiful fall,
But not with a heart that in gratitude lifts
AU praise to the Giver of all.
And in my own heart I've not hearkened to hear
The voice that would warn me of ill ;
Neglecting the Saviour .so graciously near,
And now, will He bear with me still ?
Forgive me, dear Saviour, in sorrow I pray.
And strengthen my heart with Thy love,
To love Thee, look to Thee, and walk in the way
That leads to Thy presence above !
n. ,, „_ , Mary K. Passmore.
Tenth mo. 27th, 1866.
THE CORN AND THE LILIES.
Said the Corn to the Lilies :
" Press not near my feet.
You are only idlers.
Neither Corn nor Wheat.
Does one earn a living
Just by being sweet ?"
Naught answered the Lilies,
Neither yea nor nay,
Only they grew sweeter
All the livelong day.
And at last the Teacher
Chanced to come tliat way.
While his tired disciples
Rested at his feet.
And the proud Corn rustled
Bidding them to eat,
" Children," said the Teacher,
" The life is more than meat.
" Consider the Lilies,
How beautiful they grow !
Never king hud such glory,
Yet no toil they know."
Oh, happy were the Lilies
That He loved them so !
E. A. Braddock.
Ho
OVER AND OVER AGAIN.
Over and over again.
No matter which way I turn,
I always find in the book of life.
Some lesson I have to learn.
I must take my turn at the mill,
I must grind out the golden grain,
I must work at my task with resolute wil
Over and over again.
We cannot measure the need
Of even the tiniest flower.
Nor check the flow of the golden sands
That run through a single hour;
But the morning dews must fall,
And the sun and the summer rain
Must do their part, and perform it all
Over and over again.
Over and over again.
The brook through the meadow flows,
All over and over again
The ponderous mill-wheel goes;
Once doing will not suffice.
Though doing be not in vain ;
And a blessing failing us once or twice.
May come if we try again.
The path that has once been trod.
Is never so rough to the feet ;
And the lesson we once have learned.
Is never so hard to repeat.
Though sorrowful tears must fall.
And the heart to its depths be riven,
With storm and tempest we need them all
To render us meet tor heaven.
A Child Sivel.—'lom.Q years ago a Pacific
steamer took fire. The burning vessel was
headed for the shore, which was not fir dis-
tant. The only thought of the passengers
was self-preservation. One man, who was
returning from California with a treasure of
gold, the result of years of toil and sacrifice,
had just buckled his belt coutiining his gold
around him, and was preparing to leaplnto
the water and swim to the shore, when
was addressed by a little girl :
"Sir, can you swim?" said she.
"Yes, my child," responded the man.
" And won't you please, sir, save me?"
The request sent a thrill to his heart. „„
knew he could not save the child and his o-old
too. One or both must be lost. It wits a
question to bo decided in a moment — a ques-
tion which involved the saving of a life or the
loss of the savings of his life! It was an in-
stantaneous but mighty struggle. Yet man-
hood, humanity, self-sacrifice conquered. He
unbuckled his belt. He cast his gold aside.
He took the little child in his arms and
plunged into the water. A child was saved,
but the gold was \oat.— Selected.
W/n.—VfiW tho rulers of the earth, and
they that promote wars never lift up the veil
which conceals the amount of misery and un-
happiness they bring on themtelves, and en-
tail on their posterity, by bowing down and
worshipping the frightful idol of war ! Will
they never think of these things ? The career
of even the most successful conqueror outrht
to be deeply deplored, for lowering the tone
of a nation's morality, which years of patient
teaching will hardly rectify, and causing a
drain on its resources which an age of pros-
perity will scarcely redeem. And thouo-h
sovereigns unite to entwine the laurels fbr
his brow — though senators applaud him in
strains of the highest eloquence — though
priests extol his virtues to tho very heavens,
and the infatuated multitude hail him as a
demigod— tho inscription, Here lies a man of
Blood, should be deeply engraven on the
warrior's tomb.
The root of religion is the fear of God ; the
i-ule of religion is the law of God ; the motive
of religion is the love of God ; the end of re-
ligion is to glorify God and enjoy him forever.
THE FRIEND.
413
Religious Items, 5:c.
Vomen's Preaching.— Xmoug the evidences
ncreasing light in the Christian world as
.he right ol woman us well as man to enter
3 the"work of the ministry, when called
reto by the Head of the Church, wo find
,he Tunker organ (T/ie Primitive Christian),
argument on this subject by one of its
lale correspondents. This writer refers to
riam the prophetess, who sang a song of
amph to the Lord because He had rescued
Israelites from the Egyptian host — to
borah, who raised the voica of thunksgiv-
for deliverance from the oppression of the
naanites— to Hannah and lo Huldah the
)pheless, whom king Josiah consulted in
a time of the ancient Jews. She speaks of
prophecy of Joel, that in the Gospjl dis-
isati'in, "your son.s and your daug iters
,11 pr.jphesy,"— of Anna who spake of Jesus
) ;ill them that looked for redemption in
.acl"— and of Christ's command to Mary,
io to my brethren and say unto them, I
1 unto my Father and unto your Father,
d to my G )d and to your God." The Ian
age of Paul, " Let your women keep silence
the churches," she comp ires with his cau
(rendered necessary by the customs of
from thence to Boston. He was educated at recor.iing and explaining the events depicted.
Amherst College, and on his return to his na- This is certainly a remarkable discovery. JNo
live land was offered a lucrative position as similar monument has betore been discovered,
interpreter. This he declined in order to
preach the gospel
The pastor of a Methodist church in Flor-
ence, Italy, writes that Count Andre de la
Ville, a poet of merit and a man of great learn-
ing and a prelate of the Pontifical Court, has
abjured Catholicism and joined the Italian
Methodist Episcopal Church. He is an as-
tronomer of some note.
Truth-Teller is the name of a Sioux Indian
recently convince! of Christianity in Dakota
Territory under the teachings of Bishop Hare,
of the Protestant Episcopal Church. The
bishop assures the Eoening Post that the fol
lowing account is strictly correct : " Upon
the occasion of the bishop's visit, and at one
of his councils with the Indians, who had
o-athered to hoar the great spirit man talk
Truth-Teller, who was present, suddetdy arose
in the midst of the people and advanced to
the front, shook hands with the bishop, and
then steppin.-- back a few feet and drawing
himself up to his full height, in a clear, ring-
ing voice, which at once indicated the deep
earnestness and bravery of ihe man, hade
the heads of dared his purpose to abandon all Indian ways
th his land to adopt those of the white man— to give
and ceremonies, and vvor-
e time), against uncoverin
jmen when they pray or prophesy, ,, , ,
feivnces in the Epistle to the Philippians to ap all heathen ri
hose women whi'ch labored with LI in^the s^ip only the God of c-ilization and therj
" " o attest his sincerity, took from a scalp-lotlt
and no representation of such a kind is to hi
found on the sculptures brought from Ancient
Assyria. Hence its great value cannot bo
overestimated to the antiquary, philologist,
ethnologist. Earlier discoveries had as-
sured us that the Assyrians were the equals
of the Chinese in ivory work, of the Venttians
1 beautiful colored glass-ware, of the Jews in
ch embroidery, and of the Japanese in small
specimens of bronze. And it is also well-
known that in their marvelous bass-reliefs
they excelled all other nations. On the ala-
baster walls of the royal p ilaces, the Assy-
rian artist sculptured in relief flowing rivers
abounding in fish, mountains covered with
trees, foreign lands wherein victories were
achieved, walled cities which had been storm-
ed, triumphal processions with long lines of
captives, hunting scenes on land and water,
curious animals and rare flowers, men and
women, and the annals of the empire. But
this elaborate and extensive bronze-work is a
w feature of that old civilization.
So hignly valued is this unique specimen
of Assyrian art, that, after careful cleansing
and reconstruction, it will be reproduced in
a series of plates, under the superintendence
of Samuel Birch, keeper of the Oriental De-
partment of che British Museum.
spel," and with his commendation of P
jla as one of his "helpers in Christ Jesus,"
ho indeed "expounded unto Apollos the way
God more perfectly." From these premises
3 draws the sound conclusion that the
e feather— that ensign of bravery
y years of savagery— and hand
a war ea,
and of m: _, ^ „
it over to the bishop, said : ' I give to j'ou this
war eagle feather; take it, and keep it in re-
nostle Paul did not deaiffu to prohibit wo- membrance of the words of Truth-Teller;
^ntom preaching the i^.spel. and then, with an eloquent impressiveness
Lonn Pnimrs-The Primitive Christian, \n that touched my heart as it never was touched
mmentingon thissubject,thinksit advisable before, he presented the bishop wUh the Jrum
always stop when ime. If this rule was of the Order oT the Grass Dance, and con-
■ we would have but few tinned, 'I part with the feather and the drum,
and all Indian ways forever, and with them
The ChristianKrivo to you my body and my soul.' "
Lrictly adhered to
3ng prayers.''
Famine-orphans of India
Itandard (Methodist) publishes an interest
ig letter from an East Indian correspondent
escribing the efforts used by himself and
thers to care for some of the neglected ch
The Bronze Doors of Nineveh,
A writer in The Christian Aduoc-i'e informs
of a remarkable discovery recently made by
• at N^--
•cn whose parents perished in the famine of, Hormnzd Rassam among the ruins at P^ine-
(576-7-8 In the Third month of this year, veh. He was engaged excavating at Balawat,
eeincr numbers of them along the line of the about nine miles northeast of Nimrud where
ailway, 'naked, sore, scabby, dirty, corpse- he uncovered a pair of enormous folding-
ike beines and yet alive," a statement of doors, twenty-two feet in height and sixteen
heir condition was made through the "(?«ar- feet wide. They belonged to the palace of
Uan " with an intimation of a willingness to Imgnr Beli, and are of extraordinary work-
*ke care of them, if the means were fur- manship. They were of cedar wood covered
lished As money came in the children were with bronze plates nailed horizontally across
ratheredtotrether twenty at first, and by 4th each leaf of the gates, one end being turned, do the ,
Lo. 23d: f^fty lu.d 'been t Jken cai^ of at Goal- 1 round the posts up.n which the doors revol v- Retrace your steps ' P=^- through all the places
As each body of recruits was received | ed. They exhibit in double bands, each six i you have traversed, ,and_gather up, one^ by
A Cure for Slander.— The following very
homely, but singularly instructive lesson is
by St. Ph lip Neri :
A lady presented herself to him one day,
•casing herself of being given to slander.
Do yon frequently fall "into this fault?" in-
quired he ; " Yes, father, very often," replied
the penitent. " My dear child," said Philip,
'■ your fault is great, but the mercy of God is
still crreater ; for your penance, do as follows :
Go tl) the nearest market, and purchase a
chicken just killed, and still covered with
feathers ; you will then walk to a certain dis-
tance, plucking the bird as you go along;
your walk finished, you will return to me."
Accordingly she npaired to the 'market,
bought thefowl and set out on the journey,
plucdiing it as she went along, as she had
been ordered to do.
In a short time she returned, anxious to
tell of her exactness in accomplishing her
penance, and desiring to receive some expla-
nation of one so singular.
"Ah" said Philip, "you have been very
faithful to the firht part of my orders; now
do the second part, and you will be cured.
ihe'lacts were published in the " Guardian,'' [inches broad, a complete pictorial record of
ind the responses wore so lib-r.d, that when the historical events of the first nine years of
the letter was written (6th mo. 4th), those ithe reign of Shalmaneser II., who hved 8o9
tiavin-charge of the movement were erectingiyears B. C, and whose invasions into the
permanent bungalows to accommodate 600 Holy Land are recorded in 2 Kings, xvii,6-fa.
children
The Influence of Tracts.— A. Japanese evan-
gelist, Joseph Neshima by name, who is now
doing a noble work among his countrymen,
found, when a boy, two tracts — one about
America, the other on Christianity. On read-
ing these he was filled with the desire to go
and xvi
-12. He was
ighty wan
one, all the feathers that you have scattered.''
"But, father," exclaimed the poor woman,
"that is impossible. I cast the feathers care-
lessly on every side ; the wind carried them^
in every direction ; how can 1 recover them?"
"Well, my child," replied he, "so it is
and during the twenty seven years of his | ■^vith your words of slander ; like the feathers
reio-n he led in person twenty-three expedi-which the wind has scattered, they have been
tions, and traversed the entire country be- rafted in many directions; call them back
twee'n the Persian Gulf and Mount Niphates, | now, if you can. Go sin no more."
and between the Zagros Mountains and the I
Mediterranean. On these bronze doors are| Southern Violence.-
Christian. This I represented, in beautiful retiyo, the
to America and become
was at a period
ing Japan was p
^'o^n'^l^l-rssel^and'^es^a^ed 'to" China,"and beaTfng presents to the king, and inscriptions varion
The Methodist Advocate,
with 'of Atlanta, Georgia, publishes a long series of
o-eous acts of violence and murder com-
vhen any native caught leav- 1 his army on the march, his battles, sieges, outrageous acts ot ^'"'X . Te^ "'"'"^j^nigco-
ut to de^ath. The Japanese 'triumphal processions, containing hundreds «^f ^^ «\°^'^'«t'^'-'^ ^^/Jf^^^^f °^'',' JP^hi
by the danger, secreted him- of figures; the torture of prisoners, captives P^^Chnrch since the cjose of the war m
^ , . 1°^\^ r.u;„„ or,^ K.„„f„^,Jo=flntst,nt,hekine-. and inscriotions various Southern States, from South Carolina
414
THE FRIEND.
to Arkansas. The motive in most or all of)
these cases is supposed to arise from opposi-
tion to their Church relations or politieal in-
tluenee. In connection with this subject, it
]H'ints a letter from A. S. Lakin, the Presiding
Elder of one of the Alabama Districts, detaif-
ing a conversation with one of the officers of
their church who had formerly been in con-
nection with the Kuklux Klan, which says
that one dark night, the klan dragged a bayo
on the Chattahoochee River, in Alabama, and
brought up sixteen dead bodies of perso
whom they had murdered and thrown into
the water. Those were buried for fear they
might rise and betray their murderers.
Natural HLstory, Sfience, &c,
The Boring Sponge.~ln 1871 a vessel laden
with marble was sunk in Long Island Sound,
and according to Professor Verrill, the boring
sponge has penetrated the exposed parts of
the blocks for a depth of two or three inches
from the surface. The canals or tunnels in a
specimen of this marble vary from one-fourth
to an hundredth of an inch and less in diame-
ter; and are coated within with a thin film
of dried flesh of a brown color, which was
orange-colored in life. The needle-shaped
spicules are plainly visible under a one-fifth
inch lens, and are siliceous. The specimen
shows, in what appears to have been the inner
portion of the block, a series of large branch-
ing canals which connect freely with each
other in the most irregular way imaginable.
Bowerbank mentions an affiliated species
which is parasitic on a soa-weed, boring or
dissolving away the soft parts and allowing
the harder fibrous structures to remain as a
means of support.
Dr. Schmidt observes that a large portion of
the coasts of the Mediterranean and Adriatic
Seas is composed of calcareous material which,
from its tendency to become eroded, has a
broken, jagi^ed aspect, giving it a peculiar and
often attractive appearance. Of such broket),
Dalmatian coast, one can certamly measure off
some thousands of miles of strand, and where it
does not descend too abruptly, large and small
stones and fragments ofrocks cover the gi-ound.
One can scarcely pick up one of these billions
of stones without finding it more or less per-
forated with holes and eroded by Clioua (bor-
ing sponge), often to such a degree that the
spongy remains of the apparently solid stone
may be crushed by the hand.
The mode of distribution and extension of
the sponge indicate that a process of chemical
solution is the real a><ent at work in erosion
Of theexactconstitutionofthiscorrosivefluid
we, however, as yet know nothing. The im-
portance of the boring sponge in helping tc
effect the re-distribution of matter, does^'not
consist in comminuting the stone into parti-
cles, but in dissolving it as sugar is dissolved
in a glass of water, and mingling it with the
sc.a-water in this dissolved condition. Out of
this solution the innumerable shell-fish take
the mineral materials which mingle with their
blood, and from which they are deposited as
new layers on the shell, which, when the
animal dies, either is also finally re-dissolved
by the sponge, or falls to the bottom of the
sea as a contribution to the earth's strata of
future ffions.
Dr. Leidy observes in regard to the agency
of this organism in disintegrating the sh
of dead mollusks, that an ' '
oysters
extensive bed of
ich had been planted by Thomas
Beasley at Great Egg Harbor, had been sub
sequently destroyed by an accumulation of
mud. The shells of the dead oysters, which
were of large size and in groat number, in the
course of two years were so completely riddled
by the boring CUona, that they could be crush-
ed with the utmost ease, whereas without the
agency of this sponge the dead shells might
have remained in their soft muddy bod devoid
of sand and pebbles, undecomposed perhaps
for a century.
In a specimen of the common oyster recently
examined, the substance of the shell was
thoroughly cavernated, so as to render it ex
tremely brittle and readily crushed; in fact
theinnertableoftheshell left standing showed
a great number of elevations within where
the intrudi ng parasite had been kept out by the
oyster, which had deposited new layers of cal-
careous matter at these places, so as to give
rise to the elevations spoken of.
Evidence of the presence of the boring
sponge may very frequently be noticed in
shells of oysters brought to the markets,
though it often appears as if the parasite had
left its work incomplete, being killed on its
post. — Am. Nat.
Controlling Horses by Means of Electricity.—
The General Omnibus Company of Paris has
lor some time past made use of electricity for
subduing vicious hor^s. By the process
adopted intractable animals given to biting,
kicking, rearing, &c., are rendered inoffensive',
and submit peaceably to be groomed and har-
nessed. To obtain this result a weak current
of electricity is passed into the mouth of the
horse, each time it becomes restive. The will
of the animal seems almost annihilated. The
current is produced by a small induction ma-
chine, the wires of which communicate with
the bit of the bridie.— Leisure Hour.
An incident interesting to students of natu-
ral history occurred a few days ago at a resi-
dence. In front of the house a small tree is
growing, in which an oriole some time ago
took up its abode, building a nest, and evinl;-
ingan intention to raise a family. The owner
of the house has a spaniel, over which he has
shot innumerable game birds within a few
years past. From the time the oriole began
to build its nest, it exhibited a marked anti-
pathy to the dog, flying at him boldly when-
ever he came in front of the house, and peck-
ing him until he retired from the field. This
occurred several times, the bird always com-
ing off victorious. Of late the oriole has shown
more objection than common to the dog, per-
haps because there are now some young ones
in the nest. One day the unhappy spaniel
came out to lie on the front steps, but was
not allowed to enjoy his rest unbroken: for
the oriole swept 'down on him, pocked his
back, flapped his wings in his eyes, and made
It so uncomfortable for him that "the dog ran
into the house. But his trouble'did not end
there, for the bird wont into the house after
him, beating him continually.
The Tallahassee Floridian, of a recent date,
says: "We are infurmed that a gentleman
residing in Wakulia County, by the name of
Co.x, who is cultivating a small farm, upon
arising one morning last week was surprised
to find that during the night his residence
had been changed from a region where water
could not be seen to the border of a lake.
When he retired the evening before his house
was far away from any pond, lake, or river, _. .... ...^ _„„„ „. ^ ^_ .^„,,„
but upon going out next morning, instead of von Chauvin. She succeeded Vy din t"orearo
his garden, an immense sink, fifty or sixj
yards square, filled with water, running
within eighteen or twenty feet of his re'
donee, met his gaze. During the night tl
transformation occurred, leaving not evecl
vestige of the tallest pine trees, which we'
standing in their full majesty only twel
hours before. These sinks, however, are n'
unfrequent in that county. It has only beeil
short time since that a sink occurred ne'
Lavender's Mill, more remarkable than t.i
one alluded to above, in that it occurred upi'
the very top of a hill— one of the hia-he
points of land in that countj'.
A revenue officer in Binghamton, N. 1
has been severely poisoned about his face at
hands by revenue stamps. One day whi
the weather was very hot, and he was pe
spiring freely, he stamped and cancelled tl
stamps on a large number of cigar-boxe
Green dust flew from the stamps and covere
his hands and wrists, and a handkerchief use
by him for wiping his face and neck also b
came filled with the dust. The result was
severe and deep poisoning wherever the du
touched.
A barn swallow has built its nest under tt'
guard of the steamer Mary Powell, and ridi
daily between Poughkeepsie and New Yorl
Camels. — A herd of camels was driven hei
from Nevada, says the Yuma Sentinal, nearl
two years ago. Finding no profitable wor
for them, their owners turned them loos
along the Gila to the eastward of Yumi,
There they have been living and broedint
looking fat and sleek all the time. For
while they were in danger of exterminatiori
Whenever they put in an appearance alon.i
the wagon road they frightened mules anil
horses beyond the control of the drivers
They soon earned the hatred of teamsters
some of whom acquired a habit of shooting
camels at sight. Since, however, the railroai,
has been delivering freight at Adonde, thi
road along the Gila has been comparatively
abandoned by teamsters,— 4m. Naturalist.
Diamonds.— The district of Shantong iil
China, contains diamond deposits, but th(
stones in which the diamonds are found an
generally very small— rarely the size of a pea
The following singular artifice is resorted tc
by the Chinese to obtain them. Men wear-
ing large and thick boots made of straw walls
in the sand of the valleys and water-courses.
The diamonds, generally rugose and angulai'
in form, penetrate into the straw and remain
fixed there. Afterwards the boots are col-'
lected and burned, and the precious stoneg!
are found among the ashes. — Eng. Mechanic.
Peculiar Honey. — In Ethiopia there is found
in subterranean cavities (according to M.
Villiers), a honey made without wax by an
insect resembling a large mo.squito. This
honey is called tazma. The natives use it to
cure throat disease. The composition is like
that of ordinary honey, but it differs in tho
absence of cane sugar. — Am. Naturalist.
The Axolotl.—'Uhe axoloti is a lizard-like
animal that inhabits a shallow salt lake in
Mexico. It uses its gills in breathing. Some-
times it comes out on dry land, making use
of its lungs and trying to catch worms for
food. It is said occasionally to cast its gills
and become a permanent res'ident of the land,
though this is not its usual habit. Chambers'
Journal quotes from Dr. Wilson's Leisure Hour
Studies the experiments of Fraulein Marie
THE FRIEND.
415
patience in enticing fiv .
• native waters by gradually inuring them
, terrestrial existence. The animals were
aly refractory as tar as their feeding was
erncd; but their objections to diet when
,er experime
ntation were overcome by the
ious method of thrusting a live worn
) the mouth ; whilst by pinching the tai
,he worm, it was made to wriggle so far
7n the amphibian's throat, that the animal
compelled to swallow the morsel. Ot
five subjects on which the patience ot
lutein von Cbauvin vvas exercised, three
d, after a life of nearly fifty days on land
the period of their death, however, their
s and tail-fins were much reduced as corn-
ed with the normal state of these organs.
0 two surviving axolotls, however, behaved
the most satisfactory manner. Gills and
1-fins grew small, apparently by an actual
)cess of drying and shrivelling through
itact with the outer air. The animals
_lted or shed their skins several times;
iffinally, as time passed, the gills and tail-
v'hoUy disappeared; the gill-opening be-
0 closed ; the flattened tail of the axolotls
replaced by a rounded appendage; the
1 became large; and ultimately, with the
velopment of a beautiful brownish-black hue
d gloss on the skin, varied with yellow spots
the under parts, the axolotls assumed the
rb and guise of a land-newt.
Curious Astronomical ^rror.— Otto Struve,
ftronomer at the Imperial Observatory ot
Petersburg, has discovered that in all his
ervations of stars carried on during thirty-
^e years there is a systematic error. He has
Icertained the amount of error by measure-
entsof artificial stars, and can therefore make
e necessary corrections to his long series of
)servation8. He supposes the error arises
cm certain peculiarities of the ejcn.—Cham-
rs' Journal.
The Fibre of iVe/fZe.— Attempts have been
ade from time to time to make use of the
,ettle, Urtica utilis, in spinning and weaving,
he plant grows largely in India ; but the
faculty of separating the fibre from the
bugh outer skin has hitherto prevented its
luroduction as an article of commerce. The
Indian Government with a view to encourage
tivention, offered a prize of £5000 for an etR-
'ient nettle-fibre cleaning-machine. — CAam-
\ers' Journal.
\ Climate for Consumptives. — A recent medical
Ivriter says, that consumptive people do not
lieed the warm, damp, vapor-laden atmosphere
if Cuba, and Florida, but the cool, dry, still
lir of high latitudes. A man in consumption
i^illmorecertainly get well in Greenland than
[n the West Indies. Dr. Kane was an invalid
[n the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, in sum-
mer. Many considered him doomed for con-
sumption. In six months he was in Green-
land, and after remaining there several years,
lesposed to all the rigors of the Arctic seas,
Ihe returned in better health than he had
Iknown for several years.
' In connection with this subject we remem-
iber the remark made to us by a physician
who practised in Susquehanna Co., Pa., on
,tho high plateau of the head waters of the
'Delaware, that consumption was almost un-
iknown there, and he believed never orgioated
tin that section ; but that as soon as we de
scendcd into
to come with
specimens from frequent in such situations, consumption made
its appearance. . .
On the above article our medical critic
makes the following criticism : "This, in the
main, is undoubtedly correct. There are, of
course, exceptions in individual cases. The
air of the Adirondack mountain region of New
York has proved of great value in many cases
of pulmonary disease."
Summer-boarding.— In seeking a summer
home, the .Journal of Health recommends a
quiet country place, where the women, with
out wounding their self respect, can wear the
plainest, loosest clothing they possess; be
under no necessity to dress but once in twenty-
four hours, when they first get up in the morn-
ing; and need nothing when they wish to go
out of doors, but a sun-bonnet and a loose,
li.rht shawl. The shoes should have .soles
nearly half an inch thick, with cork lining
inside.
One who can go out thus easily, " will be
far more apt to take a turn round the farm,
to go to the spring-house, to gather eggs in
the barn, to feed the chickens, to go a berry-
ino-, to visit the orchard, to pick berries for
de'sserts, to watch the daily- maid, to go out
to the harvest field and smell the new-mown
hay, gather wild flowers, &c." It adds the
advice to eat nothing except at the throe
regular meals of the day, and get all the sleep
possible during the hours of darkness
beloved friend, make it our principal care and
endeavor, to get a settlement in a quiet and
still habitation, taking diligent heed to our-
selves that our own hearts and hands be kept
clean, and simply doing, according to the best
ability aff'orded, that little portion of the
great work which appears to be our proper
business; so shall we witness that peace and
tranquillity of mind which cannot be enjoyed
but as our obedience keeps pace with knowl-
edge, and be freed from a numberless train of
disquietudes and perplexities, which ever at-
tend a negligent or partial performance of our
duties; growing from strength to strength,
and increasing in the increase of good.
Certainly nothing is better than religion
for use or ornament. If it be the will of the
Great Dispenser of the cup of life to pour out
many prosperous circumstances, religion pre-
serves in the moderation and gives relish to
the sweets; if trouble and adversity be min-
fHed in a great degree, religion supports and
comforts, sweetens the portion and makes it
salutary.
Very afi'ectionately thine,
E. S.
Letter from R. Shacklcton to D. C.
Ballitore, ITth of 8th mo. 177.}.
My Dear Cousin,— It is true there is an ii
efi-ectual bemoaning, and a looking the wrong
way for help ; but there is also a time and a
season and a freedom in which we may un-
bosom ourselves, in some degree, to our inti-
mate friends, and sometimes not unprofitably,
deep calling unto deep. For my part, I know
no better way, than diligently to keep up the
watch unto prayer and to wait in simplicity
for the operation of the Spirit of Truth to
appear in its own way and manner, and do
its pre:,ent office according to the present oc
casion, for manifold is the grace of God. This
with a fliithful, honest discharge of what we
are made sensible to bo our duty, is the way,
and the only way, for us to gather strength,
and 'i-et the better of our many infirmities,
both^'of flesh and spirit; at least, I have so
learned ; I wish I could always practise. It
may sometimes not be of much use any way
to dwell too long and often on the contem-
plation of the degenerate state of our religious
Society. When this view is brought before
us in the vision of light, it is good ; it is pro-
ductive of humbling baptism in sympathy
with the oppressed seed, and of strong cries
for its deliverance; but if vve look at this
declension with the eye of human wisdom
only, we may be much deceived, and pierce
ourselves with sorrows of our own making as
well as heat ourselves with sparks of our own
kindling. There may be many of the Lord's
anointed at present hid among the stuff, who,
when they are in due time brought forth, will
appear taller, by the head and shoulders, in
religious stature, than the generality of then-
brethren ; and many goodly personages who
are like eldest brothers and heirs-apparent in
the family, yet are known by Him who sees
the heart, to have forfeited the pre-eminence
Fashions in Physic.— Theve are fashions in
physic, and the growth, decline and fall of
certain remedial agents would furnish an in-
teresting tl^me for an essayist with a taste
for drugs and an aptitude for figures. Two
French physicians, Drs. Lasegue and Reg-
nault, have published some figures as the re-
sult of their partial research into the French
hospital reports. Bromide of potassium a
quarter of a century ago was very little em-
ployed; three thousand grammes [one gramme
is about 15 grains], only were prescribed in
1855. A year after the consumption had
risen to seven thousand grammes; in the
nei-rhborhood of that figure it remained sta-
tionary till 1864, when suddenly it bounded
up to 22,300; in 1875 in reached 93,530; in
18G6 133,0U0; and so it went on till in 1875
it had attained a total of 730,910 grammes.
Another very interesting array of statistics
recites the grandeur and decadence of the
leech. From 1820 to 1823 inclusive the ^iek
sons and daughters of France in her hospitals
furnished pasture to 180 000 leeches. In 1824
bleeding seems to have become more popular,
for all at once the consumption of leeches rose
to 457 000. It went on rapidly increasing
till in 1834 the figure was 1,030,000, and in
1836 it reached 1,280,000. Till 1840 phle-
botomy continued in frightful favor; then
the demand for leeches decreased so rapidly
that by 1844 the consumption was only 300,-
000 ■ by 1855 it had reached the figures of a
.reneration before— 180,000— and half a gene-
ration later, in 1871, it was no more than
41 000. As leeches went out liquor came in.
The consumption of alcohol in 1855 was 1270
litres; in 1860, 7836; in 1865, 19,981, and in
1870 40 500, which figure has since been
maintained. Brandy is not mentioned till
1862 when 4 litres were used ; in 1863 the
quantity was 133; in 1867 it was 1504; in
1868 2826, and by 1875 it had risen to 5108
litres A like increase is noted in the case ot
of rum— from 35 litres in 1862 to 2458 in 1865
and 5682 in 1868— and the prescriptions ot
port sherry, claret and other wines have gone
on growing as rapidly and as steadily.— /"■"'"
Paper. __^^___
^the^l^r;frnv:;s,"^-ofth.7bi^
in the reach of the fogs that are I which they are found to assume. Let us, m>
-Late
We are to guard against refined error as
well as open evil.
416
THE FRIEND.
THE FRIEND.
j*«_ his name and power ;" as here used, it im
FTrfn^^,v^^;^.77 T,; ''''?® ^ \iving faith, reliance and obedience
EU.HTH^NT1^9^1879. |aDd comes from " the inward life and teach.
— ,. . , — ■ r ings of God's Spirit," hy which, says I. P.
in an editflr.al article published in our issue "am I taught and made able to value that
ot 4111 mo. Jbth, were some extracts from a 'glorious outward appearance and manifesta-
letter ot Isaac Penington, showiuir his belief tion of the life and power of God in that
heavenly flesh (as in my heart I have often
in the divinity of our Saviour, and in the
atoning efficacy of his offering for the sins of
mankind.
We have recently received a letter f/om a
Friend at a distance, sugge-tting the reprint
of the entire letter from which those extracts
were taken. Our readers will find that it
boars a decided testimony to the fundamental
truth 80 firmly upheld by the Society of
Friends, that there is no salvation without
receiving and being changed by the power of
Christ inwardly revealed— knowing Him " to
mortify and overcome sin in the very root."
As the same writer elsewhere says : "Let
a man believe what he can concerning the
blood of Christ, and apply to himself "what
promises he can, yet this will not do, (oh, how
grievously do men mistake herein!) but he
must feel somewhat from God, somewhat of
the new creation in Christ Jesu.s, somewhat
of his light (shining from Him, the S .n into
called it), for the
was even one with
—Id. vol. 3, p. 385.
so dwelt in it, that :
Yet still it was a veil.
The 52nd volume of " The Friend" closes
with the present number. Our subscribers
are reminded that our terms are $2.00 pei
annum, payable in advance, and 10 cents foi
postage, which is prepaid by our Agent for
those copies sent by mail.
SUMMARY OF EVENTS.
United States.— The Cashier of the Lawrence
National Bank, Mass., has confessed to speculation in
mining stocks with the funds of the bank, involving a
loss to the bank of $34,000. The loss has been made
good by the directors, the cashier dismissed from otfice,
aud a warrant issued for his arrest.
• '^r-'^^P-'' °^ ^ contract with a negro tenant of lands
in Mississippi, throws some light on the causes of the
the heart), somewhat of his life' somewhat of '™'",7''°" ^'■°'" "^': '"re-- Southern States. The rent
lii« r^c^J. .„„„1,;„,. „„..:„ .. :^ 'r'T "^^ °; W'^ble in cotton, is about §10 per acre, and SoO for
(Jarkcess and, the use
Works, vol. 3, 1 clothing
^irTrs/rrnt^^'fci-!?"?*^'^ •"=•".='•--'-"■■"""'
provision and
charged at about double the ordinary
I prices. Interest is charged on running accounts at 1 J
Christ did offer up the flesh and P^"" '^^"'- P'^'' month, &e. The effect of such e.x;orbitant
blood of that body (though not onlv so for ?'^'^''°'^^ '^ '^''"°^'' ?'^'^'^^^'"'''y '" keep the tenant always
He poured out his soul, He'poured out his life^ in arrears. To this cause of discouragement, must be
a sacrifice or offering for sin, a <=<.-;fi.« .,.Z l''.'''^^.'^ 'T ^io'ence so often used to prevent the exer-
the Father, and in it tasted' d
man
p. 37
Ay
divided into three or four separate principalities, e
under the rule of an independent noble. Cetywa
brother, Oham, will receive his own territory ur
this arrangement.
One hundred and thirty-seven deaths from yel
fever occurred in Havana last week. Since the bei
ning of the year the number has been 8.57, against
for the same time last year.
RECEIPTS.
Received from George P. Stokes, N. J., $2.10 v
5.3; from James Willits, L. I., S6, to No. 52 vol .'
from Benjamin Gilbert, A^ent, Pa., i;2.10, vol. 53 !
for Albert Cope, Mary M. Price .ind Jo.shua Co
*2.10 each, vol. 53 ; from Lsaac Lirrance, O., '1.10
No. 27, vol. 53; from Charles Stokes, A:^ent,'N. j.,
Jiisiah Allen, $2.10, vol. 53; from Elias'^E. Paxson ;
Deborah Paxson, Pa., $2.10 each, vol. 53 ; from Jan
H. Moon, Pa., *2.10, vol. 53; for Rachel F. Park
Pa., S2.10, vol. 53 ; for Margaret E. Lee and Lydia L
Pa., $2.10 each, vol. 53 ; from David J Brown, Ci
$2, vol. 53; from James Scarlet, Pa., $2.10 vol 5
from Isaac Leeds, N. J., $2.10, vol. 53, and for Isa
Powell Leeds, N. J., and Susan Powell, Pa., $2.10 eai
vol. 53; for Robert P. Gifford, R. I., #2.10, vol 5
from Joseph Scattergood, Agent, Pa., $2.10 vol' {
and for Jane W. Knight, Jane B. Davis, Rachel
Woodward and John M. Sager, $2.10 each, vol.5
from Lydia A. Hendrickson, N. J., $2.10, vol. 53.
Rtmitlances
th for every
and that it is upon consideration (and
through God's acceptance of this sacrifice for
sin), that the sins of believers are pardoned,
that God might be just and the justifier of
him who believeth in Jesus, or who is of the
faith of Jesus." — Id. vol. 3. p. 372.
Here there is no unequal holding of th
truth; no upholding of one part of the plan
of salvation to the neglect or di.^avowal of the
other. There is nothing to cherish the false
hopes of those who look for salvation throuo-h
the merits of a crucified Saviour, witho^ut
yielding their hearts to his transforming, re-
generating influence; and there is nothing to
strengthen the opposite error of denyino- that
the sufferings and death of Christ are effec-
tive in procuring forgiveness from God. It is
true that salvation cannot be known except
through the inward work of the Holy Spirit;
and hence some, relying on their own reason'
have been led to believe that nothino- more is
or can be necessary. To all such reasoners
we commend the further declarations of Isaac
1 enington, from whom we have been qiiotino-
"God himself, who knew what virtue wa
in the inward, yet hath ph-ased to make use
of the outward; aud who may contradict or
slight his wisdom and counsel therein ? Glorious
was the appearance and manifestation of hi,s
Son in flesh ; precious his subjection and holv
obedience to the Father; his giving Himself
up to death for sinners was of great esteem
in his eye! It was a spotless .sacrifice of great
value, and effectual for the remission of%ins;
and I do acknowledge humbly unto the Lord
the remission of my sins thereby, and bless
the Lord for it; oven for giving up his Son to
death for us all, and giving all that believe in
his name and power to partake of remission
through Him." — 11. vol. 3, p. 380.
Much is included in the expression "Believe
cise by the freedmen of their political privileges.
The general business outlook ofthecouDtry is favor-
able. The iron trade at Pittsburg is said to be very
prosperous. The imports of dry goods at New York
are increasing, showing an increased demand. The
St. Louis Journal of Commerce publishes extracts from
various parts of the West, which show "a large in-
crease in business, rapid restoration of confidence
among all classes, abundant crops, and general pros-
perity."
_ On First-day, 3d inst., the temperature at Fall River
IS reported to have reached 102J degrees in the shade.
In the neighborhood of this city, the thermometer regis-
tered about 95 deg.
The mortality in New York during the past week
was 636. The heat of the weather on Seventh day
last produced many cases of sun-stroke.
The project of a ship canal through Florida is afain
agitated. °
The number of deaths in Philadelphia durino- last
week was 32i). °
The War Department has information from the
Northwest that all, or nearly all the hostile Sioux who
crossed the border from Canada to hunt buffalo, have
recrossed the line. It is believed by military authori-
ties that these Indians had no intention, at any time,
provoking a conflict, and the report that Sitting Bull
was engaged iu the skirmish of the 7th ult. is entirely
discredited.
Markets, &c.~\J. S. bonds, 6'3, 1881, 104J • 5's
1881, 102f ; 4J's, 1891, 105 ; 4'3, 1907, 102.
Cotton, 12 to 12 J cts. for middlings.
Petroleum, 5} cts. for crude in ba'rrelg.
Flour, extra family $4.85 to .|5.60 ; patent and other
high grades, $5.75 to |6.90.
Wheat, $1.07 to .$1.09. Rye, 55 cts. for new. Corn
44,| to 49 cts. Oats, 33 to 38 cts.
Beef cattle, 3 J to 5 J cts. Sheep, 3 to 5 cts. Ho^s,
5.} to 6 cts. Cows from $20 to $30 each. °
Foreign. — It '
ported by telegram, that the
steamer Vega, with the Arctic explorer, Nordeuskjold,
on board, has be^n freed from ice, and has safely
passed Behring Strait.
A despatch to the Times from Port Durnford, dated
I3th ult says: King Cetyjyjiyo, when leaving th,
battle-field o|-Ulundi, told his chiefs to look to their
coTld. '^i^'O'^'jffe-'^ P^'^?^ -^ be^t they
and the kin
a,vyn-. ivirjg i^etyjyjiyo, wne
1 ol'Ulundi, told his chiefs ti
'•■«J2r''lf'l' "JB^e natic
ng*^*5iti^/ |&#land wi
nation is dispersed,
11 probably be
after Fourlh-day morning, will n
appear in the Receipts until the following week.
FRIEND.S' SELECT SCHOOLS.
These schools, under the care of the three Month
Meetings of Friends in this city, will re-open on Secom
day, Ninth mo. 2d, 1879.
A limited number of children will now be admi t(
to these schools, not members of our religious Societ
whose parents may desire to have them Educated fri
from the unnecessary but fashionable accompli!
ments, too common in many schools at this day.
The attention of Friends residing in the city and
neighborhood is particularly invited to them. Th
terms are moderate, and Friends belonging to Phi
delphia Yearly Meeting, sending children to thes
schools, (also members), who may find the char^r
burdensome, can be fully relieved. °
The principal schools will open for the next tern:
under the care of John H. Dilliugham and Margare
Lightfoot, as Principals, both successful leachel-s c
many years' experieuce. With these Friends in chargt
assisted by a complete corps of teachers, it is though
these schools may safely be recommended as aflfordin/
opportunities for obtaining a liberal education in use
ful branches of study, and in the Latin, Greek an(
French languages. Facilities for illustration are al
forded by a valuable collection of philosophical am
chemical apparatus, minerals, and Auzoux's models o
parts of the human system, &c.
Believing that advantage would arise from
creased facilities for the instruction of the smallei
girls', arrangements have been completed for the o^
ing with the fall term, of a primary department in' the
building on Seventh St., in which special attention
will be given to those children whose studies are of £
elementary character. The Primary Schools in Cherrj
St. and at Si.\th and Noble Sts., will be continued
der their former efficient management.
Further information may be obtained upon applica-
tion to the Treasurer of the Committee,
James Smedley, No. 415 Market St,
TOUGHKENAMON BOARDING SCHOOL.
The 13th year opens Ninth month 9th, 1879.
H. M. Cope, Priucipal.
WESTTOWN BOARDING SCHOOL.
. Our friends Benjamin W. and Rebecca G. P.assmore
having re.signed their positions as Superintendent ancJ
Matron of VVesttown Boarding School, Friends who
may feel drawn to engage in the imporUnt and respon-
sible duties of superintending this Institution, are re-
quested to communicate with either of the undersigned.
The present Superintendents desire to be released "
4th month next, or earlier.
William P. Townsend, West Chester, Pa.
John S. Comfort, Fallsington, Bucks Co., Pa.
Charles J. Allen, 304 Arch St., Philadelphia.
Elizabeth R. Evans, 322 Union St. "
Anna V. Edge, Downingtown, Pa.
Deborah Rhoad.s, Haddonfield, N. J.
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